A flora of North America: containing abridged descriptions of all the known indigenous and naturalized plants growing north of Mexico; arranged according to the natural system

A FLORA

OP

NORTH AMERICA,

FLORA OF NORTH AMERICA:

CONTAINING

ABRIDGED DESCRIPTIONS OF ALL THE KNOWN INDIGENOUS AND
NATURALIZED PLANTS GROWING NORTH OF MEXICO;

ARRANGED ACCORDING TO

THE NATURAL SYSTEM.

B Y

JOHN TORREY, M. D., F. L. S., «fec.,

MEMBER OF THE IMPERIAL ACADEMY NATURE CCRIOSORUM, ETC., AND PROFESSOR

OF CHEMISTRY AND BOTANY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF

THE STATE OF NEW-YOEK ;

AND

ASA GRAY, M. D.,

MEMBER OP THE IMPERIAL ACADEMY NATURES: CURIOSOBUM, ETC. ETC.,
PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN.

VOL. L

COMPRISING THE POLYPET.iLOVS DIVISION OF THE
DICOTYLEDONOUS OR EXOGENOUS PLANTS.

NEW-YORK:

WILEY 6c PUTNAM.

London : ^Viley & Putnam, 35 Paternoster Row.

Paris : Bossange & Co. 11 Quai Voltaire.

1838-1840.
NEW YORK

V.

Entered according to an act of Congress, in the year 1940, by

WILEY & PUTNAM,

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New-York.

PRINTED BY J. P. WRIGHT,
19 New street, N. Y.

■ *■%»>

T O

SIR WILLIAM JACKSON HOOKER, K. H., LL. D„

REGIUS PROFESSOR f»F BOTAKY IN THE U>-IVERSITV OF GLASGOW, F.TC, F.TC,
WHOSE NAME IS IDENTIFIED WITH

NORTH A3IERICAN BOTANY,

THIS WORK,

WHICH IS GREATLY INDEBTED TO HIS GENEROUS ENCOURAGEMENT,

IS MOST RESPECTFULLY DEDICAT'eD

BY HIS OBLIOED FRIENDS,

THE AUTHORS.

O* The first part of this Volume (to page 184) was published in July, 1838
the second (to page 360) in October, 1838 : the remainder in June, 1840.

PREFACE.

The first volume of this work having been at length comple-
ted, the authors have to perform the pleasing duty of offering
their acknowledgments to their numerous friends and corres-
pondents who have rendered important assistance to their
arduous undertaking.

To Sir William Hooker, than whom perhaps no person has

^ done more for the advancement of North American Botany, we

~ are largely indebted, not only for the opportunity of consulting

'^^ his rich herbarium and excellent library under the most

■a"i favorable circumstances, on two different occasions, but for the

generous communication of a great number of authentic speci-

^ mens of the plants described in the Flora Boreali- Americana, the

Botany of Capt. Beechey^s Voyage, and other works, selected

^ from the collections made in the Northern land expeditions of

''' Capt. Sir John Franklin, those of the Arctic voyages of discovery,

Lij and especially from those made in Oregon, the Rocky Mountains,

&c. by the late Mr. Drummond, the late indefatigable Douglas,

^ Mr. Tolmie, and others. To Dr. Richardson we are directly

J indebted for many plants collected by himself in Capt. Frankhn's

(A first expedition to the shores of the Arctic Sea ; and to Dr. now

Professor Scouler, for a collection of Oregonplants.

To INIr. Brown our acknowledgments are due for the unre-

^ strained opportunity of consulting the Banksian herbarium, as

QQ well as the herbaria of Clayton, Catesby, Plukenet, and the other

V/ collections in his charge at the British Museum ; and to Mr.

O Bennett, the Assistant Curator, and Secretary of the Linnsean

VIU PEEFACE,

Society, who by his kind attention greatly facihtated our
labor.

We are under deep obligations to Mr. Bentham, for much
important information, for the privilege of consulting his rich
herbarium, for many rare American plants, and especially for a
very full set of the plants collected by the late Mr. Douglas in
Oregon and California, w^hich w^ere confided to him, as Secretary
of the London Horticultural Society, for distribution.

To Dr. LiNDLEY we are indebted for the opportunity of con-
sulting his very large herbarium, for many authentic specimens,
and for valuable suggestions.

To Dr. Arnott our thanks are due for much very important
information, many valuable contributions to our herbaria, and
for the privilege of consulting his own excellent herbarium.

To Prof. Don, for very obliging assistance in the examination
of the Linnsean herbarium.

To Mr. Lambert, for the facilities afforded us in examining
the plants of Pursh, Bradbury, Mr. Nuttall, &c. which form a
part of his very large collection.

To Dr. BooTT, for kind assistance in the determination of
the species of several difficult genera.

To Mr. Fraser, for the privilege of examining the herbarium
of Walter in his possession.

To Prof. Adrien de Jussieu, for the opportunity of consulting
his own herbarium, and that of his distinguished father, which is
authentic for many species of Lamarck, Poiret, &c. : to his kind
offices also, as well as to Mr. Decaisne, Assistant Botanist in the
Museum of the Jardin des Plantes, we are indebted for many
facilities in consulting the vast collections of that establishment,
comprising the herbarium of Michaux, and many others of much
interest to the North American Botanist.

To Baron Benjamin Delessert, for access to his immense
herbarium and very complete botanical library.

To Mr. P. Barker-Webb, for obliging assistance in the exami-
nation of the North American plants of the herbarium of Des-
fontaines, and the other collections which are incorporated in his
vast herbarium. Also to Mr. Spach, of the Jardine des Plantes,

PREFACE. IX

for specimens of many North American plants cultivated in that
establishment.

To Prof. De Canuolle of Geneva, for the important privilege
of freely consulting his large herbarium through all the families
which are now published in his Prodromus, and for duplicates
of many interesting plants of the Order Composita:.

To Dr. E.vdlicheu, Curator, and Dr. Fenzl, Assistant Curator
of the Imperial herbarium at Vienna, for assistance in consulting
that rich collection.

To Dr. VoN Martius of Munich, and to Prof. Zuccarini, for
access to the Royal Collections and Garden under their charge.
To Prof. Schlechtendal of Halle, for the privilege of consult-
ing his own herbarium, as well as that of Schkuhr, of which he
has charge, and for the communication of an interesting set of
Mexican plants.

To Dr. Klotszcii, the Curator of the Royal herbarium at
Berlin, for the greatest attention in facilitating the examination
of the herbarium of Willdenow and the other rich collections of
that establishment ; and for his aid in procuring for us specimens
of American plants from the Botanic Garden.

To Prof. KuNTH of Berlin, for the opportunity of consulting
his herbarium, with the view of comparing several IVorth Ameri-
can plants with species from Mexico and New Spain collected
by Baron Humboldt.

To Dr. Trinius and M. Bongard, of the Imperial Acad-
emy of Sciences of St. Petersburg, for the communication of
many plants from Russian North America and the adjacent
Islands.

To Prof. Lehmann of Hamburgh, for the privilege of examin-
ing the genera Potentilla, GEnothera, &c. in his herbarium, and
for many very interesting specimens in these and other genera t
also for a small collection of Greenland plants, made for the
most part by the younger Vahl.

To Mr. Nuttall we are indebted for a nearly complete
suite of the plants collected during his recent journey across the
Rocky Mountains to Oregon and Califol-nia, accompanied with
manuscript descriptions of the new genera and species : also for

B

X PREFACE.

a portion of the plants collected during his travels in Arkansas
in the year 1819.

Our acknowledgments are also due to the Botanical Com-
mittee of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia,
who have obligingly afforded us every facility in consulting the
large herbarium of that Society, which includes that of the late
Mr. Von Schw^einitz, and the chief collections of Mr. Nuttall.
To the urbanity of Mr. Vaughan, the Librarian of the Ameri-
can Philosophical Society, we are indebted for the opportunity
of examining the botanical collections in the custody of that
Society, comprising the herbarium of Muhlenberg, and that of
the late Professor Benjamin Smith Barton, which appears to
have been formed by Pursh, and contains many of his plants.

To the daughter of the lamented Elliott, we desire to
express our thanks for kindly entrusting to our charge a portion
of her late father's herbarium ; and also to Prof. Bachman and
Prof. GiBBEs of Charleston, South Carolina, who kindly select-
ed and transmitted to us the specimens which we desired.

To Mr. B. D. Greene of Boston, for the loan of a very
complete set of the plants collected by the late Mr. Drummond
in Texas.

To our numerous correspondents in different parts of the
country, who have from time to time furnished us with valuable
collections and observations, our limits will only allow us to
offer our acknowledgments in general terms. Their names
frequently occur throughout the pages of this work, where we
have endeavored faithfully to indicate the sources from which
our specimens have been derived, as fully as the plan of the
work would permit. But whenever a species has been received
from several correspondents, and from different sections of the
country, we are obliged, in most cases, to omit the citation of
particular locaUties, and to give as nearly as possible its geo-
graphical range. Additional specimens of many rare plants
described in this volume have also been received since the
Orders to which they belong were printed ; and we have only
space to notice the more important of these accessions in the
Supplement, this volume having already extended much beyond

PREFACK. XI

its intended limits. Wc would therefore, at present, briefly
state, that wc arc indebted to the following persons,, to many of
them very largely, for the plants of particular districts, accom-
panied in many instances by valuable notes and observations,
viz :

To Prof. BiGELow, Mr. B. D. Greene, and Mr. Edward
TucKERMAN, Jr. of Bostou, Mr. Oakes of Ipswich, Dr. Jacob
Porter of Plainficld, and Mr. T. A. Green of New-Bedford,
Massachusetts, Prof. Hitchcock of Amherst College, as well as
to Prof. Emmons, late of Williams College, and Prof. Dewey, late
of Pittsfield, Massachusetts, for plants from various portions of
that state as well as of Maine and New-Hampshire.

To Dr. Barratt of Middletown, Connecticut, for the plants
of that neighborhood, and also from the White Mountains of
New Hampshire, &c. : also to Prof. Tully, of Yale College,
for some interesting plants.

For plants of the State of New York, to Dr. Stevenson of
Cambridge, Washington County, Dr. Bradley of Monroe Coun-
ty, Dr. H. P. Sartwell of Penn Yan, Yates County, Mr. David
Thomas of Cayuga County, Dr. Crawe of Jefferson County, Dr.
AiKiN formerly of Troy, Prof. Lewis C. Beck formerly of Al-
bany, Mr. A. J. Downing of Newburgh, Prof. Bailey of West
Point Military Academy, and to Mr. Wm. Cooper, Mr. Abraham
Halsey, Prof. Eaton, Mr. R. J. Brownne, and Mr. John Carey,
of New York ; many of whom have also furnished us with
plants from different portions of the United States.

For those of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, &c. our chief
contributors are Dr. Pickering and Mr. Durand of Philadelphia,
and Dr. Darlington of West Chester, Pennsylvania. From
Virginia, a small collection has been received from the Rev. Prof.
Ruffner.

For plants from North Carolina we are chiefly indebted to
the Rev. Mr. M. O. Curtis, to the late Mr. Von Schweinitz^
from whom we also received many plants from other parts of
the United States, and to the late Mr. Croom, who also made
very interesting collections in Florida.

From South Carolina and Georgia we have received interest-

Xll PnEFACE.

ing contributions from the late Mr. Elliott, Major Le Contb,
the late Mr. Lewis Le Cpnte, Professor Gibbes of Charleston,
Dr. BoYKiN,now of Columbia, Georgia, the late Dr. H. Loomis
of Macon, and Dr. Bacon of St. Mary's, Georgia,

From Middle Florida, Dr. A. W. Chapman of Mariana has
very fully supplied us with the plants of that region, and many
have also been comniunicated by Dr. Alexander ; while from
Southern and Eastern Florida we have received interesting
collections from Dr. Leavenworth, Dr. Burrows, Dr. Hulse,
and Lieut, Alden of the United States Army ; and Dr. John
F. Baltzell has sent many specimens from Apalachicola. A
portion of the plants collected by the late Dr. Baldwin were
communipated to us through the late Mr. Schweimtz ; but his
original herbarium is incorporated in tliat of the Academy of
Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. The Rev. Mr. Bennett of
Geneseo, New York, presented us with many plants collected
by himself during a residence at Key West, and we have re-
ceived a nearly complete and excellent set of the plants of that
island from Mr. J. L. Blodgett, which however reached us at
too late a period to receive notice in this volume.

From Alabama we have a large number of plants collected by
Dr. Gates ; and others have been received through the kindness
of Dr. Fletcher and Dr. Jewett of Mobile.

From Louisiana the chief contributions have been received
.from Dr. Ing alls of New Orleans, Dr. Riddell of New Orleans
(from whom we have also received many plants of Ohio), Dr.
Hale of Alexandria, and Prof. Carpenter of Jackson. From
this State, and also from Arkansas and the borders of Texas, we
have received interesting collections from Dr. Leavenworth :
and Dr. Pitcher of Detroit, formerly of the United States Army,
furnished us with a very rniportant suite of Arkansas plants.

From Tennessee, Dr, Currey has sent us interesting plants :
from Kentucky we have received excellent and extensive col-
lections from Prof Short, Dr. Peter, and from the late Mr. H.
H. Eaton : from this State also, and from other districts, we
have received many specimens from Mr. RAFiNEsauE.

From Illinois, Mr. Buckley has sent us large collections ; and

PREFACE. xiii

to him we are al^o indebted for many plants from the mountains
of Virginia, and from Alabama.

From Indiana, Dr. Clapp of New Albany has supplied us with
many interesting plants.

From Ohio, Mr. T. G. Lea, Mr. Wm. S. Sullivant, Mr.
John Samples, and Dr. Paddock, are the chief contributors.

From Michigan, Dr. Houghton and Dr. Wright have fur-
nished us with numerous plants : to the former we are under ad-
ditional obligations for a parcel of plants collected towards the
sources of the Mississippi. From the same region we have an
interesting collection made by Major D. B. Dou<3lass during the
Expedition of Gov. Cass.

To Dr. Pitcher we are also indebted for many plants collected
in the northern part of Michigan, the shores of Lake Superior, &c.
From Milwaukie, Wisconsin Territory, we have received a col-
lection of plants from Dr. Lapham. To Dr. Holmes of Mon-
treal, Mrs. Percival, Mr. and Mrs. Sheppard, and Mr. McCrae,
we are indebted for numerous plants from Canada.

The collection made by Dr. Edwin James in Major Long's
Expedition to the Rocky Mountains, of which an account has
been given in the Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History,
has been very useful to us.

The authors venture to hope that their obliging correspondents
will still continue to render their assistance in the farther prose-
cution of this work, by sending the rarer plants of their res-
pective districts, with such notes and observations as they may
deem important.

Since the publication of the earlier portions of this volume, our
opportunities for examining the herbaria of original authors have
been very much extended ; and the necessary corrections and
changes we have been obliged to make on this account, together
with some additions from works recently published and from
materials since received, are given in the appended Supplement.
We trust these investigations will give this work an important
value in respect to the authenticity of the specific names, and that
future changes of the kind will not be to any considerable extent
necessary.

XIV PREFACE.

A complete index of the genera and species, and an enumera-
tion of all the works which relate to North American Botany, or
are cited in this work, will be given with the concluding volume,
and likewise, if space permit, some general observations respect-
ing the geographical distribution of North American plants.
A connected notice of those plants which are important on ac-
count of their active or medicinal properties or economical uses,
will also be added.

New-York, June 1st, 1840.

*** The exclamation point is used after the manner in which it is employed
by De Candolle and other modern botanists, to indicate that we have seen an
authentic specimen of the author, or from the locahty cited. When the dash is
omitted after the character of a species, the description is derived from the author
whose name immediately follows : when the dash is inserted, wc are alone respon-
sible for the description. The abbreviations of the names and works of authors
are mostly those in common use, and will be generally understood : they will,
however, be fully explained at the close of the work.

ERRATA,

Page 9, line 28, {ot ^ parviflor a, ^ read pauci flora.

" 17, " 11 from bottom, for ' FallassiV read Pallasii,

" 27, " G, add t. 17.

" 33, lines 22 & 34, for ' petals,' read sepals.

" 41, line 1, for 20, read 21.

" 54, " 11, for ' Ovary,' read Stigma.

" 62, " 9, for 1677, read 1948.

" 76, " 15, <ZeZe 'the leaves.'

" 80, " 8, after ' stem erect,' add ' leaves.'

" 101, " 18, dele the exclamation point after ' Drummond.''

" " " 21, for ' stipulate' read stipitate.

"116, " 5 from bottom, for ' Forula,' read Florula.

" 135, " 11, dele ' more.'

" 141, " 20, for 9, read 79.

" 156, " 7, for 55, read 555.

" 157, " 20, for ' the preceding species,' read Cnix-Andreae.

" 194, " 16, for ' CuphcEa,' read Cuphea.

"223, " 11 {rom bottom, for ^ Schweintz,' read Schweinitz.

" 257, " 17, for ' Willd.' read Linn.

" 263, " 31, for ' coU. 2.' read coll. 3.

" " " 40, for ' E. Miehauxii,' read S. Michauxii.

" 265, " 18 from bottom, ) ^ . . ,

" 268, " 8 from top, \ ^"' P^?^^' '""^ P^PP^"^'

" 289, " 6, for 9, read 10.

" " " 27, for 11, read 14. The succeeding genera are incorrectly num-
bered.

" 309, " 19, for 'leaves' read leaflets.

" 320, " 2 from bottom, add ' Nutt.'

" 327, " 17 from bottom, for ' L. scriceus,' read H. Purshiana.

" 328, " 8, for ' monadelphous,' read diadelphous,

"'329, " 11, {or ^ pauciflora^ read paucijlorus.

" " " 35, for 739, read 474.

" 331, " 30, for 451, read 150.

" 360, " 17 from bottom, /or ' glabrous' reaeZ scabrous.

" 388, " 4 from bottom, for ' emargniate' read emarginate^

"411, " 4 from bottom, for ' iZici/oZJus' read j7fci/bZfa.

" 507, " 25, for ' acaulis' read subacauhs.

FLORA

NORTR AMERICA

I. CORMOPHYTA. Endlicher.

Dicotyledones, Monocotyledones, and Acotyledones in partj Juss.

Plants consisting of a root and stem growing in op-
posite directions, composed of regular cellular tissue
traversed (except in the very lowest forms) by woody
fibre and vessels. Stem increasing in size either at the
apex and circumference simultaneously, or at the apex
solely, producing huds^ and (with few^ exceptions) dis-
tinct leaves at definite points and in regular order : the
cuticle usually furnished with stomata. Propagation
effected by means oi Jioiocrs and seeds in the higher
forms, and of spoi'es in the lower.

Class I. EXOGENOUS OR DICOTYLEDONOUS
PLANTS.

Flowering plants.— Stem with a distinct bark and pith, sepa-
rated from each other by an interposed zone consisting of woody
fibre, ducts, and spiral vessels : increase in diameter effected by
the successive deposition, between the old wood and the bark, of
new woody and cortical matter, which in perennial trunks is
usually arranged in concentric zones, and traversed by medullary-
rays. Leaves furnished with stomata, commonly articulated with
the stem, their veins branching and reticulated. Floral enve-

1

2 ANALYSIS OF POLYPETALOUS ORDERS.

LOPES commonly arranged in a quinary (sometimes binary or
quaternary, but very rarely in a ternary) manner, sometimes in-
complete or wanting. Ovules enclosed in a pericarp, fertilized
by the action of pollen through the medium of a stigma, and
finally becoming seeds. Embryo with 2 (rarely more) opposite
cotyledons ; the radicle in germination elongating directly into a
root.

Section I. POLYPETALOUS EXOGENOUS PLANTS.

Thalamiflorse and Calyciflorse, DC.

Floral envelopes consisting of both calyx and corolla ; the latter
composed of distinct petals.*

Artificial Analysis of the Polypetalous Exogenous or*
ders, lohich are represented in the Flora of JVorth
America,

I. OVARIES SUPERIOR, OR PARTLY SO.

§ 1. Ovaries more than one, distinct {when in several whorls sometimes
aggregated or coalescent into a mass, but not syncarpous.)

Leaves (emersed ones) centrally peltate. Water-
plants.
Torus turbinate, enclosing the ovaries in sepa-
rate hollows. 9. Nelumeiace^.
Torus inconspicuous. Stamens 6-36. 7. Cabombace;e.
Leaves not centrally peltate.

Stamens numerous.
Ovaries (achenia) enclosed in the subglobose
calyx-tube, numerous.
Leaves opposite, not stipulate. 50. Cai,ycanthace£.

Leaves alternate, stipulate. 49. § Rose^;.

Ovaries not enclosed by the calyx-tube.
Petals and stamens perigynous. 49. RosacejE.

Petals and stamens hypogynous.
.Estivation of the calyx valvate.

Leaves alternate. Stamens monadelphous. 38. Malvace^.
Leaves opposite. Stamens distinct.
.Estivation of the calyx imbricated.

Herbs with acrid juice. Flowers perfect. I. RANUNcuLAnE^.

Climbing shrubs. Flowers small, dicecious. 5. MENispERMACEiE.
Trees or shrubs (bitter and aromatic). —
Flowers large, perfect. Anthers adnate.
Anthers (short) extrorse. Sepals per-
sistent. Albumen ruminated. 3. Anonace^.
Anthers (long) introrse. Albumen solid. 2. Magnoliace^.

* The student should bear in mind that the division of Exogenous plants into
Polypetalaj, Monopetalfe, and Apetalai, however convenient, is in a considerable
degree arbitrary ; and that polypetalous orders often contain apetalous genera and
species ; the petals, moreover, arc occasionally mo^e or less combined.

ANALYSIS OF POLYPETALOUS ORDERS. :{

Stamens ftw (not more than twice the number of
the sepals).
Stamens monadelphous. Moncecious. Leaves

simple, dotted. 4. Schizandrace^e.

Stamens distinct, submoncecious. Leaves com-
pound, dotted. 33. Zanthoxylacea:.
Stamens distinct. Leaves not dotted.

Leaves stipulate. Stamens perigynous. 49. Rosacea.

Leaves not stipulate.

Carpels 1-seeded utriculi : styles united. 30. LiMNANTUACE^.t
Carpels 1-seeded, woody : styles from the

base. 64. Surianace«.

Carpels 1-seedcd, drupaceous, incurved. 5. MeKispermace^.
Carpels follicular.
Follicles 1-3-seedcd. Polygamous. 1. RANUNCULACE«.t

Follicles equal in number to the sepals,

several-seeded. 65. Crassolaceje.

Follicles 2 (rarely 3) ; seeds numerous. 66. SAXiFRAGACES.t

§ 2. Ovary solitary, simple {of one carpel).

Anthers (except in Podophyllum) opening by re-
curved valves. Stamens opposite the petals. 6. Berberidace.e.
Anthers not opening by recurved valves.
Corolla papilionaceous or irregular. Leguminous. 48. Leguminos;e.
Corolla (when present) regular.
.Estivation of the sepals and petals valvate. —

Fruit a legume. 48. § Mimose;e.

jEstivation of the sepals valvat©, of the petals

imbricated. Fruit an achcnium. 49. § Sanguisoree^.

JEstivation of the sepals (& petals) imbricated.
Stamens indefinite, perigynous.

Style terminal. 49. Subord. Amygdale.e.

Style lateral. 49. Sulord. Chrysoealane.e.

Stamens indefinite, hypogynous. L RANUNCULACE^.t

Stamens double the number of the sepals.

Leaves multifid. Aquatic. Petals none. 8. Ceratophtllace«.
Leaves compound, dotted. Drupe Qily. 35. Amyridace^.
Stamens the same number as the sepals. —
Drupe dry.* 34. Anacardiace.e.

§ 3. Ovary compound or syncarpous.
* Leaves alternate, or all radical,
t Stamens indefinite, or more than 12.

Placentae parietal.
Sepals 2 (very rarely 3). Juice milky or colored. 12. Papaverace.e.
Sepals 4. Juice watery. 15. Capparidace^e.

Sepals 5 (rarely 3). Petals fugacious. 20. Cistace^.

Sepals 5. Petals marcescent. Stamens all but 5

sterile. 19- Siibord. Parnassie^.

Placentae occupying the whole surface of tlie dis-
sepiments. 10. NlMPH5;ACEiE.
Placentae in the axis.

Stigma peltate, petaleid. Leaves hollow. 11. Sarracemiace.e,
Stigmas not petaloid.
Capsule 1-celled, with a free central placenta. 25. Portulacaceje.
Capsule more than 1-celled.

* Ovary apparently simple, but really compound, as is indicated by the triple
style.

ANALYSIS OF POLYPETALOUS ORDERS.

Leaves compound (1-foliolate), dotted. 30. AuniNTiACEX.

• Leaves simple, not dotted.

^Estivation of the calyx imbricated. 37. Ternstr(Emiaceji:.
.Estivation of the calyx valvate.

Stamens monadclphous : anthers 1-celled. 38. Mai-vace^.
Stamens distinct: anthers 2-celled. 39. Tii.iace.e.

1 1 Stamens more or less definite {not more than 12), but'not equal or dovlle
the nwmler of the sepals.

Anthers opening by terminal pores.

Stamens mon;idelphous : anthers l-celled.
Stamens distinct : anthers 2-celled.
Anthers opening longitudinally.

Sepals 2. Petals 4, irregular, somewhat united.
Sepals 2. Petals 5, regular.
Sepals more than 2.
Placentae in the axis. Stamens 5.
Placentcc parietal.
Capsule of 3-6 carpels, opening at the top.
Capsule 2-valved. Petals and sepals 4.
Pod (silique) 2-celled. Stamens 6, two of

them shortest.
Pod 1-celled. Seeds reniform.

17. Por.TCALACE^E.

17. Subord. Kramerie.c.

13. Fn.MARIACE.gE.

25. porttjlacace^.
29. Eal.saminace.e.
IC. Resedace£.

14. Crucifer^.

15. Capparidace-e.

1 1 1 stamens as many, or twice as many, as the sepals.

Petals twice the number of the sepals. 12. Papaveracej;.+

Petals (when present) as many as sepals, irregular.
Sepals and petals 4. Capsule 1-cclled, 2-valved.
Sepals and petals 5. Capsule 1-celled, 3-valved.
Petals as many as the sepals, regular.
Seeds few, (1-2 in each cell).
Ovary half inferior. Stam. opposite the petals.
Stam. (partly sterile) twice
the number of the petals.
Ovary wholly superior, (rarely covered by a disk.)
Stamens twice the number of the petals, dis-
tinct.
^Estivation of the calyx imbricated.
jEstivation of the calyx valvate. Utriculi
distinct.
Stamens twice the number of the petals, mo-
nadelphous.
Carpels 5, 1- seeded : styles cohering to the

elongated axis.
Capsule woody. Seeds winged.
Drupe 5-celled. Seeds wingless.
Stamens as many as, and opposite^the petals —
Disk fleshy.
Calyx minute, hypogynous. Peduncles and

tendrils opposite the leaves.
Calyx perigynous with a valvate aestivation.
Stamens as many as, and alternate with the
petals.
Disk large and flat, perigynous. 40. Celastrace^.

Disk small and nearly hypogynous, or 'none.
Fruit samaroid, 2-celled. Leaves dotted. 33.
Fruit a dry 1-celled drupe. Stigmas 3. 34.
Fruit a 5-10-celled capsule. Stigmas 5. 27.
Seeds numerous.

Placentae parietal (sometimes inflexed nearly to
the axis).
Vernation circinnate. Hairs glandular. 19. Droseraceje.

Vernation not circinnate.

15.

18.

CAPPARIDACE.E.t
VlOLACE.E.

47,

. RHAM.VACEiE.

67

. Hamamelaceje;

45,

, Sapindace.e.

30.

Ll.MN.*NTHACEi:.

28.

Geran'iace.e.

41.
40.

Cedrelace^.
Meliace^.

42.

VlTACE^.

47.

Rhamnace^e.

Zan'thoxtlace*;.
Anacardiace^:.

LiSACEi.

ANALYSIS OF POLYPETALOUS ORDERS.

Stamens monadelphous. Ovary stipiiaie. 59. pASsiFLORACEiE.
Stamens distinct.

Stigmas branching. Seeds arilled. 58. Tcrnerace£.

Sci^as simple.
Capsule 3-Talved,loculicidaL 20. Cistackje.

Capsule of 2 carpels distinct above, ^
or bipanible, septicidaL i

Placentae in the axis, [66. Saiifragacb^.

Capsule 2-( rarely 3-) celled, septicidal. J
Capsule 1-celled by the obliteration of the

dissepiments. Stigma capitate. 53. Ltthrace.e.

Capsule 4-5-ceUed.
Stiunens monadelphous below. Leaves 3-

foliolate. 31. OxALiDACE.t.

Stamens distinct. Leaves simple.

** Leaves opposite.

Stamens indefinite or more than 12.
Ovary half inferior.
Petals linear, very numerous.
Petals 2LS many as sepeds (4-10), broad.
Ovary wholly superior (Petals hypogynous).
Petals twice the number of the caducous sepals.
Peteds (contorted in aestivation), as many as
the persistent sepads.
Leaves marked with pellucid or black dots.
Leaves not dotted- Pet^d3 fugacious.
Stamens not more than twice the number of the pe-
tals or sepads.
Corolla irregular. Filamenta monadelphous.
Corolla irregular. Stamens 7-8, distinct. Leaves

compound.
Corolla regular.
Anthers opening by terminaJ pores. Angles of

the ovary cohering with the calyx-tube.
Anthers opening longitudinadly.
Leaves simple, entire, with pellucid or black

dots.
Leaves simple, entire, not dotted.
Capsule of 3-5, spuriously 2-celled carpels.
Capsule 1-celled, with parietal placentie.
Sepals distinct. Petals fugacious.
Sepals united. Petals unguiculaite.
Capsule 1-celled, or nearly so : placenta
in the axis.
Styles nearly distinct or very short:

stigmais capitate.
Styles united into one : stigma capitate.
Styles stigmatose along the inside.
Stipules scarious.
Stipules none.
Sepals 3-3. Petals 5.
Sepads and petals (when present)
equal in number.
Leaves serrate, lobed. or compoand.
Fruit 2 cohering samaras. Trees.
Fruit a 2-beaked, 2-vadved, many-seeded

capsule.
Fruit not a samaira; cells or carpels 1-few-
seeded-
Stamens ais many as, and opposite the

petals.
Stamens as many as, and aitemaie with
the petals.

65. CRASSCLACE^.t

63.
51.

Mesemertasthemace^.
Phii.adelphace£.

12. PAPATERACE£.t

17.
44.

HrPERICACE£.
ClSTACXjE.

PoLTGALACEfi.
HlPPOCASTASAC££.

52. ]VIelasto>lace£.

21.

Htpericaces.

27.

LiSACEi.

20. CiSTACEiE.

22. Frakkbxuce^.

26,
53.

, ElATI3JACE£.

Ltthrace£.

23.

Illeceeracee.

25.

PORTirLACACE.E-

24. CAETOPHTLLACEa:.

43.

ACIRACE.E-

66.

SATIKaAGACEiE.t

42.

VlTACEiE.

46.

Cexastrace£.

G ANALYSIS OP POLYPETALOUS ORDERS.

Stamens twice tlie number of the petals.
Fruit capsular. Leaves abruptly pin-
nate. 32. ZYGOPIIYLLACEiE,
Carpels 5 ; styles cohering around a
long axis. 28. Geraniace^.

II. OVARY INFERIOR, OR COHERENT WITH THE CALYX-TUBE.
* Stamens indefinite.

Fruit a pome ; carpels cartilaginous or bony, 1-3-

seeded. 'l^- Subord. Pome«.

Fruit capsular or succulent, many-seeded.

Capsule '1-5-celled, partly superior. Leaves op-

posite.

51. PniLAPELPHACEffi.

Capsule (or berry) 1-celled, with parietal pla-
centae.
Sepals and petals numerous, confounded. P2. Cactace;e;

Sepals 5. Petals 5 or 10, Herbs hispid, with

rigid or slinging hairs. 57. Loasace^e.

** Stamens definite.

Filaments 3-adelphous : anthers long and sinuous.''

Fruit a pepo. CO. CucurbitacejE.

Filaments bent downwards in sestivation : anthers

opening by 2 pores. 52. Melastomaoe^.

Filaments distinct : anthers opening longitudinally.
Ovary many-seeded.
Placentaj 2, parietal. Fruit pulpy. Leaves

alternate. 61; Grossulace^e.

Placentaj in the axis. Capsule 2-celled. Petals

5. Stam. 10. CG. SAxiFRACACEiE.

Sepals and cells of the ovary 4. Petals

and stamens 4 or 8. 56. Onagrace^s:.

Ovary with 1-2 seeds in each cell.
Leaves stipulate, opposite. Fruit indehiscent. 54. RHizopHORACEiF.
Leaves stipulate, alternate. Capsule loculicidal. 67. Hamamelace*.
Leaves exstipulate, alternate. Flowers in um-
bels.
Styles 2 (rarely 3). Carpels separable. 68, Umbellifer^.

Styles 3-15 (rarely 2). Carpels mostly

baccate. 69. Araliace;e.

Leaves exstipulate, opposite (except one spe-
cies of Cornus), or none.
Stamens alternate with the petals. Drupe

baccate, 2-celled. 70. CoHNACEiE:

Stamens opposite the petals. Fruit fleshy

1-celled. 71. LoRANTHACEiE.

Leaves exstipulate, alternate, opposite, or whorl-
ed. Flowers not in umbels or cymes.

Style slender. Seed suspended. Trees. Flow-
ers spicate. 55. Combretaceje.

Style slender. Seeds erect. Flowers race-

jnoge. 56. Onacrace^.

Stigmas 1-4, sessile. Seeds suspended. —
Aquatics. Flowers sessile. 56. Subord. Halorages:.

Order I. RANUNCULACE7E. Jass.

Sepals 3-6 or more, but usually 5, distinct, hypogynous, mostly
deciduous: aestivation (except in Clematis) imbricated. Petals 2~l'-\,
hypogynous, sometimes deformed, occasionally absent. Stamens in-
definite in number, hypogynous, distinct : anthers adnate or innate.
Ovaries seated on the torus, numerous, sometimes few or solitary, dis-
tinct : ovules solitary or several. Carpels either dry achenia, or
baccate, or follicular. Seeds anatropous, solitary or several. Embryo
minute, near the base of horny or fleshy (and often more or less oily)
albumen. — Herbs (rarely shrubby), with acrid transparent juice.
Leaves alternate (opposite in Clematis) variously divided : petioles
generally dilated at the base and partly clasping the stem.

Tribe I. ANEMONES.

Clematidese and Anemoneae, DC.

Petals plane or none. Anthers mostly extrorse. Achenia numer-
ous, caudate or subulate with the style. Seed suspended.

■ I. CLEMATIS. Linn.; DC. syst. 1. p. 31.

Involucre none, or resembling a calyx, and situated next to the flower.
Sepals 4 (4-8), colored, in aestivation valvate or with the edges bent in-
wards. Petals none, or shorter than the sepals. Anthers linear, extrorse.
Achenia terminated by long (mostly plumose or hairy) tails. — Perennial
herbaceous or somewhat shrubby plants, mostly sannentose, with opposite
leaves and fibrous roots.

§ 1. Involucre none: petals none. — Clematis proper.
* Stevi herbaceous, erect.

1. C. ochroleuca (Ait.) : stem simple, silky-pubescent; leaves undi-
vided, ovate, entire, silky beneath ; flower solitary, terminal, pedunculate, in-
clined.— Ait. Kew. (ed. 1.) 1. p. 260; Sims, hot. mag. t. 1175; Ell. sk. 2.
p. 45; DC. prodr. 1. p. 8. C. sericea, Michx. ! fi. 1. p. 319; Pursh,Jl. 2.
p. 385.

0. leaves broadly ovate, very tomentose.

8 RANUNCULACEiE. Clematis,

Banks of rivers and on mountains, New-York! to Georgia! P. North
Carolina, Schweinilz ! May-June. — Leaves reticulately veined, upper sur-
face glabrous when old, subsessile ; the upper ones rather acute. Flower
yellowish, (erect in fruit). Sepals silky externally.— /?. leaves larger, broadly
ovate or roundish.

2. C. oi^ato (Pursh): stem simple; leaves broadly ovate, on very short
petioles, glabrous, glaucous and rcticiilately veined beneath, the lower ones
subcordate ; peduncle terminal, solitary, 1-flowered ; flower inclined. —
Pursh.fl. 2. p. 736 ; DC prodr. 1. p. 8.

Mountains of North Carolina, Le Conte ! South Carolina, Pursh. Geor-
gia or Florida, Baldwin! — Whole plant glabrous. Flower nearly as large
as in C. ochroleuca, purple 1 Sepals ovate, acuminate, pubescent on the
margin, a little exceeding the stamens.

3. C.Baldwinii: erect, simple or a little branching, slender, slightly pu-
bescent ; leaves varying from oblong to linear-lanceolate, entire or 3-cleft
or lobed ; the lobes linear, often slightly laciniate ; peduncle terminal, elon-
gated, 1-flowcred; flower cylindrical-campanulate ; carpels with very
long plumose tails.

Pine woods, Tampa Bay, &c. Florida, Dr. Baldwin! Dr. Hidse! —
Plant 1-li foot high. Leaves often quite simple, 4-6 lines wide, narrowed
at the base into a short petiole. Peduncle 8-10 inches long. Sepals soine-
what membranaceous, woolly on the margin, purplish externally, yellowish
within. Tails of the carpels 2-3 inches long.

4. C. Douglasii (Hook.): stem simple, 1-flowered; flower nodding;
leaves hairy, twice or thrice pinnatifid; segments linear, rather obtuse.
Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 1. t. 1.

Rocky Mountains, near the sources of the Oregon. Douglas. — Stem 1
foot high, sparingly hairy, woolly at the joints. Sepals 4-5, deep purple
within, paler externally, l-J inch long, coriaceo-membranceous, oblong, erect,
spreading at the apex, much longer than the stamens. Hook. ^

5. C. Wyethri (Nutt.): woolly; stem erect, simple, 1-flowcred; flower
nodding; leaves somewhat bipinnately divided; segments 3-cleft; lobes
linear-lanceolate, attenuate, sparingly incised, rather acute. Nutt.! in
jour. acad. Phi lad. 1. p. 6.

Rocky Mountains ! June. — Stem 11 foot high. Lower leaves nearly un-
divided. Sepals 4, thick, oblong-lanceolate, nearly straight, deep brown
externally.— Very near C. Douglasii. Nutt.

** Stem more or less shrid)by, climbing by the petioles.

6. C. Virginiana (Linn.): flowers panicled, often dioecious or polyga-
mous ; leaves ternate, glabrous ; leaflets ovate, subcordate, incisely toothed
and lobed ; carpels with long plumose tails. — Willd. sp. 2. p. 1290 ; Michx. !
k. 2. p. 318; Pursh! Jl. 2. p. 384; DC. prodr. 1. p. 4. C. Catesbyana,
Pursh, Jl. 2. p. 736? C. cordata, Pursh, Jl. 2. p. 384; DC prodr. I. c. excl.
syn. bot. mag.

Canada to Georgia, and west to the Mississippi ! July-August. — Climbing
over shrubs and bushes, much branched, stem smoothish. Panicles trichoto-
mously divided, with small leaves at the divisions. Sepals 4, white, obo-
vate, exceeding the stamens. — A specimen named C. cordata by Pursh, in
Barton's herbarium, seems to be only C. Virginiana.

7. C%olosericea (Pursh): flowers in paniculate corymbs, dioecious;
leaves ternate, pubescent on both sides; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, entire,
DC prodr. 1. p. 5 ; Pursh, Jl. 2. p. 384.

Clematis. RANUNCULACEiE. 9

Carolina, Walter ex Pursh. Flowers small, white. Sepals linear, lonn;er
than the stamens. Tails of the caqiels very Ions:, feathered. Pursh. — De-
scribed by Pursh from specimens in Walter's herbarium. It seems to be
ti mere variety of C. Virginiana.

8. C. li^usticifolia (Nutt. ! rass.) : " plant somewhat pubescent ; flowers
in paniculate corymbs, dicccious ; leaves pinnate and ternate ; leaflets ol)-
iong, acute, mostly somewhat lanceolate-cuneate, incisely toothed and tri-
fid ; petals and stamens equal in length ; carpels with long plumose tails.
— C. Virginiana, Hook. Ji. Bo7\-Ain. 1. p. 1. (in part).

"/?. hrevifolia: leaves smoother, shorter and broader.

"Plains of the Rocky Mountains, in open and in bushy places, near
streams, ft. in the Blue Mountains and on the borders of the ()regon. —
Very similar to C. Virginiana, but the leaves are mostly 6-foliolate, and al-
most lucidly coriaceous ; they are also much smaller, and in the var. a.
much narrower and longer. The tails of the carpels are also longer, and
more densely plumose in C. Virginiana. Flowers white and fragrant."
Nutt.

9. C. Drummondii : flowers in paniculate corymbs, dioecious ; leaves
pinnate, silky-villous beneath, sparingly hirsute on the upper surface; leaf-
lets rhombic-ovate, incisely 3-lobed, the lobes acute ; sepals 4, oblong ; car-
pels villous, with very long capillary plumose tails.

Texas, JJrummond ! — Stem slender, angular, somewhat hairy. Leaflets
mostly 5, about an inch long; the lateral lobes sometimes a little toothed.
Panicles about as long as the leaves, trichotomously divided. Sei)als wliite,
villous externally. Tails of the carpels very slender, nrore than two inches
in length, densely plumose. — Seems to be nearly allied to C. sericea of Central
America. It is also closely related to C. Virginiana.

10. C. pjxii0ora (Nutt. \mss.): "smooth; leaves pinnate and ternate ;
leaflets obovate, obtuse, mostly 3-lobed, the lobes short ; flowers axillary, ap-
proximated, on short peduncles ; carpels smooth, with slender plumose tails.

'^'ear the sea-coast of St. Diego, Upper California. — Climbing, but in-
clined to grow erect and bushy. Leaflets about an inch long and nearly as
broad, commonly dilated and 3-lobed ; petioles slightly pubescent. Pedun-
cles slender, and so near together as to appear aggregated. Flower not
seen. Carpels compressed ; the tail rather sparingly pQose-plumose." Nutt.

11. C. lasiantha (Nutt.! mss.) : "pubescent; leaves ternate, broadly
ovate, obtusely cuneiform at the base ; leaflets incisely toothed, the terminal
one 3-lobed or trifid; flowers dioecious, solitary, on 2-leaved aggregated
branchlets ; sepals cuneate-oblong, spreading, villous on both surfaces ; car-
pels

" With the preceding. — Leaflets an inch and a half long and about an
inch broad, almost villous beneath. Peduncles about three inches long, with
a pair of entire or toothed leaflets near the base. Flowers more than an inch
in diameter. Allied to C. orientale, but very distinct." Nutt.

12. C. Viorna (Linn.): peduncles l-(rarely 2-3-) flowered ; sepals con-
nivent, thick, acuminate, reflexed at the apex ; leaves glabrous, membrana-
ceous, pinnate ; leaflets entire or 3-parted, ovate or oblong ; floral leaves en-
tire; carpels with long plumose tails.— W7//d sp. 2. p. 1288; Michx.\ ft. 1.
p. 318 ; Pursh! ft. 2. p. 385; Ell. sk. 2. p. 46; DC. prodr. 1. p. 7. C.
cordata, Bot. mag. t. 1816.

Pennsylvania ! to Georgia ! and west to Kentucky ! May-Aug.— Leaves
pinnate: the two lowest segments often ternate ; "leaflets variable, mostly
acute, but sometimes obtuse. Peduncles axillary or terminal. Flower nod-
ding. Sepals coria»ebus, about an inch long, purple. Tails of the carpels
an inch and a half loi^, very plumose.

2

10 RANUNCULACEiE. Clematis.

13. C. cylindrica (Sims): peduncles 1-flowered ; flower cylindrical-cam-
panulate ; sepals membranaceo-coriaceous, acuminate, with the margin un-
dulate ; leaves membranaceous, pinnate ; leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceolate,
petiolulate; carpels with plumose tails. — Sims, hot. mag. t. 1160; Pursh,
Jl. 2. p. 385; Ell. sk. 2. p. 475 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 7. (excl. syn. Michx.'^)

0. Walteri: leaflets linear and linear-lanceolate.— C. Walteri, Pwrs/j,^.
2. p. 384; DC. prodr. l.p.l; Hook, in jour. hot. \.p. 86.

North Carolina ! to Florida! and in Louisiana ! June-Aug.— Flower lar-
ger than in C. Viorna, nodding. Sepals dilated above and acuminate, bluish
purple. Leaflets mostly entire.— Pursh, who described his C. Walteri from
specimens in Walter's herbarium, was probably mistaken in supposing the
flower to be white.

14. C. lineariloba (DC): peduncles 1-flowered; sepals very acute;
leaves pinnate, smooth ; leaflets entire or 3-parted; the segments linear, DC.
prodr. l.p.l; Deless. ic. 1. t. 3.

South Carolina, Fraser.— Stem slender, glabrous. Leaflets 3-4 paurs;
lobes aU linear, scarcely 2-3 lines wide. Peduncles shorter than the leaves.
Petals an inch long, about twice the length of the stamens. DC— A doubtful
species ; probably only C. cylindrica /?.

15. C. reticulata (Walt.): peduncles 1-flowered; sepals rather coriace-
ous ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets 4 pairs, oval, undivided or lobed, obtuse, rigidly
coriaceous, conspicuously reticulated on both sides, glabrous ; carpels with
plumose tafls.- HV/7^. Car. p. 156; Pursh, Ji. 2. p. 385; DC. prodr. l.p.l;
Ell. sk. 2. p. 47; Mich.v. ! fl. I. p. 318.

S. Carolina, Gecwgia ! and Florida ! May-Aug.— Leaflets aU petiolulate,
1-U inch long, undivided or variously lobed ; the lowest pair 3-parted, some-
times rather acute and mucronate. Peduncles longer than the leaves.
Flower as large as in C. crispa. Sepals dull purple, ovate-lanceolate, veltety
externally. Tail of the carpels long.

16. C. crispa (Linn.): peduncles 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves ;
leaves pinnate, ternate, or 3-lobed ; leaflets very acute ; sepals thick and cori-
aceous, with the apex reflexed, transversely undulated and crisped on the
margin, twice as long as the stamens ; carpels Avith a short, thick, naked (or
pubescent) tail.— Z>C. prodr. I. p. 9; Sims, hot. mag. t. 1892; Ell. sk. 2.
p. 49; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 384; Mich.v.! fl. 1. j). 318.

Virginia to Florida ! and west to Louisiana ! May.— Leaves glabrous, or
slightly hairy. Flowers a third smaUer than in C. Viorna, bright purple.
Tail of the carpels thick and rigid, about half an inch long.

17. C. Pitcheri : peduncles 1-flowered ; leaves pinnate, coriaceous, retic-
ulated ; leaflets 2-4 pairs, ovate, mostly obtuse, undivided or 3-lobed ; branch
leaves simple, ovate ; sepals coriaceous, a little longer than the stamens ;
carpels with a short pubescent tad.

On the Red River, Arkansas, Dr. Pitcher! NuttalU— heaves gla-
brous or slightly hairy beneath; the lowest pair 3-lobed, often subcordate.
Sepals purple, about three-fourths of an inch long, reflexed at the summit,
even on the margin. Tails of the carpels half an inch long, the lower part
- pubescent and almost plumose.

§2. Tnvohocre none : sepals 4; petals several, minute.— ArRkCEUE, DC.

18. C. verticillaris (DC): peduncles 1-flowered; leaves verticfllate in
fours, ternate ; leaflets petiolulate, ovate, acuminate, subcordate, entire or
sparingly toothed ; petals acute.— Z>C. prorfr. 1. p. 10; Hook. Jl. Boi\-Am.
1. p. 2. Atragene Americana, -S/ms, bat. mag. t. 887; Pursh, Ji. 2. p. 384.

Mountains and rocky places, British America, north to lat. 54°. and west
to the Rocky Mountains and N. W. Coast ; Vermont ! to North Carolina !

Anemone. RANUNCULACEiE. 11

April-May. — Climbing. Flowers very large, campanulate. Sepals oblong-
lanceolate, bright purplish-blue.

19. C. Columbiana : peduncles 1-llowered ; leaves ternate ; leaflets ovate,
acute, obscurely crenulate ; sepals ovate, acuminate, nearly twice the length
of the stamens. — Atragene Columbiana, Nutt. in jour. acad. Philad. 7. y. 7.

Rocky Mountains, Mr. Wyelh. March.— Flowers smaller than in C.
verticillaris, pale blue. Nuttall.

X Doubtful species.

20. C. Plukenetii (DC): peduncles l-flowercd; leaves ternate, gla-
brous ; leaflets elliptic or obovate, entire, obtuse ; flowers dioecious, erect. —
DC.prodr. I. p. 7; Pluk. aim. 109.

Described by De CandoUe from specimens of Catesby in Banks's herba-
rium, supposed to be from America.

2. ANEMONE. Linn.; DC. syst. l.p. 188.

Involucre 3-leaved, distant from the flower; the leaflets variously incised.
Sepals 5-15, petaloid. Petals none. Achcnia mucronate (in § Pulsatilla
caudate). — Perennial herbs with radical leaves. Scapes when branched
bearing leaf-like involucres at each division.

§ 1. Carpels with long bearded tails : leaves of the involucre sessile^
palmately divided, with linear lobes. — Pulsatilla, DC,

1. A. patens TLinn.): silky-viEous ; leaves 3-parted or ternate; segments
cuneiform, 3-clen, incised; lobes linear-lanceolate; involucre linearly many-
cleft; sepals 5-6.— Z>C. prodr. 1. p. 16.-(/?. ochroleuca); Hook ! f.. Bor.-
Am. 1. p. 4. A. Ludoviciana, Null. ! gen. 2. p. 26. A. Nuttalliana, DC.
prodr. I. c. p. 17; Nutt. in jour. acad. Philad. 5. p. 158. t. 8. and l.p.l ;
Richards. ! app. Frankl. journ. (ed. 2.) p. 21. Clematis hirsutissima, Pursh,
fl. 2. p. 385.

British America as far north as lat., 67° ! Valleys of the Rocky Moun-
tains, Drummond, Nuttall! On' the Missouri and Platte, Nuttall! Galena,
lUinois ! — About a span high. Sepals an inch or more in length, duU blue or
purple. Tail of the carpels nearly two inches long. — Appears to be identical
with the European plant.

§ 2. Carpels with long bearded tails : leaves of the involucre petioled, 3-
cleft. — Preonanthus, DC.

2. A. alpina (Linn.): somewhat silky-villous ; leaves on long petioles,
biternately pinnatifid; leaflets laciniate, with the segments hnear, acute ;
those of the involucre similar; flower erect; sepals 6, spreading. Hook, f..
Bor.-Am. l.p. 5; DC. prodr. 1. p. 17; Bot. mag. t. 2007. A. sulphurea, .
Linn. A. apiifoha, Willd. sp. 2. p. 126.

Eastern declivity of the Rocky Mountains, lat. 52°— 55°, Drummond ;
Kotzebue's Sound, Capt. Beechey. —Flovfers white, with a purpUsh tinge at
the base. Stems from 6 inches to a foot and a half high. Heads of carpels
very large. Tails long, very silky, ^oo/c.— Inhabits also the mountains of
Europe.

13 RANUNCULACEJ3. Anemone.

§ 3. Carpels oval, without tails : pedicels solitary or in pairs (rarely
more), all leafless and l-flowered: leaves of the involucre sessile or
petioled. — Anemonanthea, DC.

3. A. Caroliniana (Walt.): root tuberous; leaves ternately divided; seg-
meiits 3-cleft or incised ; lobes linear and somewhat cuneiform, toothed at
the apex ; involucre very distant from the flower, 3-leaved ; leaflets sessUe,
cuneiform, 3-cleft, with the lobes linear, divaricate, mostly entire ; sepals 15-
20, oblong or oblong-linear.— W'aZ^. Car. p. 157; Ell. sk. 2. p. 53; DC.
prodr. 1. p. 19. A. tenella, Ptirsh > ft. 2. p. 386 ; Mitt. > gen. 2. p. 21.

P. heterophylla: radical leaves 3-parted, or 3-lobed, or almost undivided ;
segments undivided or 3-lobed, roundish-oval, crenately serrate. — A. he-
terophylla, Nutt. ! mss.

North Carolina, Schweinitz ! S. Carolina, Walter; Louisiana and
Arkansas, Z>r. Pitcher! Dr. Leavenworth .' On the Pl^itte, Dr. James !
and Missouri, Nuttall! Texas, Drummond! P. on rocks, Arkansas, Nut-
tall I March-April. — Plant from 4-12 inches high, slender, clothed with a
loose hairy pubescence. Leaves variable in the breadth of their segments
and lobes, sometimes tripartite and very narrow. Flower an inch, some-
times an inch and a half in diameter : sepals white, often tinged or spotted
with purple; the outer ones (6-8) thicker; the others petaloid, often al-
most linear. Head of carpels cylindrical-oblong, woolly. The flowers in P.
are smaller and greenish, and the head of carpels cylindrical. — We are un-
able to discover any character that will distinguish this species from A. de-
capetala, Linn, of S. America. Hooker and Arnott (in hot. of Beechey^s
voy. p. 4. t. 1.) have indeed shown that the latter species sometimes bears
several flowers on each scape, and hence they place it in the section Anem-
onospermos. In our Chilian specimens, however, the scapes are only 1-
flowered, as usually described ; and A. St. Hilaire (ft. Bras, merid. 1. p.
5.) who appears to know the plant well, makes no mention of the scapes
bearing more than one flower.

4. A. parviftora (Michx.) : leaves 3-parted ; lobes cuneiform, 3-cleft, cre-
nate, obtuse ; ' those of the involucre nearly similar, but longer and narrower,
sessile ; sepals 6, oval. Hook. ft. Bor.-Am. l.p.5; Michx. ft. 1. p. 319;
DC. prodr. 1. p. 19. A. cuneifolia, Juss. ann. Mus. 3. p. 248, t. 21. f. 1;
Pjirsh ! fl. 2. p. 386. A. borealis, Richards, app- Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. 22.

Labrador ! Canada to the Arctic Sea, lat. 70°; Kotzebue's Sound, Beechey;
Anticosti, Pursh.'— Plant 2-12 inches high. Flowers white tinged with
blue. Heads of carpels rounded, compact, woolly.

5. A. Baldensis (Linn.) : leaves nearly glabrous and somewhat fleshy,
ternately divided ; segments laciniately 3-parted, with the lobes linear, ob-
tuse ; those of the involucre similar, on short villous petioles ; scape vfllous,
1-floAvered ; sepals 6, obtuse, spreading, with the lower surface somewhat
hairy. Hook. ft. Bor.-Am. I. p. 5; DC. prodr. 1. p. 19.

Rocky Mountains, lat. 52° — 55°, Drummond. — Flowers tinged with blue.
Root fusiform. — A native also of high mountams in Europe.

6. A. nemorosa (Linn.): leaves ternate ; leaflets undivided, or with the
middle one 3-cleft and the lateral ones 2-parted, incisely toothed, acute ;
those of the involucre similar, petioled ; sepals 4-6, oval. — Hook. ft. Bor.-
Am.. 1. p. 6 ; Michx. ! ft. 1. ^. 319 ; Pursh ! ft. 2. p. 387 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 53 ;
DC. prodr. 1. p. 20. A. lancifolia, Pursh! ft. I. c. ; DC. prodr. I. c.

P. quinquefolia : lateral leaflets of the involucre 2-parted to the base.—
A. quinquefolia, Linn.

Woods, very common, Canada ! to Georgia, and west to the Rocky Moun-
tains. April-May. — Plant 6-8 inches high. Sepals mostly 5, white or
pale purple.

AwEMONE. RANUNCULACEiE. KJ

i. A. deltoidea (Hook.): sparinjjly hirsute; leaves ternato ; Icailets
(and those of the involucre) deltuid-ovate, undivided or 3-lol)ed, incisely
serrate, acute, those of the involucre sessile ; sepals 5-6, ohovate, obtuse.
Hook.! ft. lior.-Am. 1. ;;:-G. t. 3. /'. A.

Oregon River, near the sea, Seoul er! Nidtall. '—Vlant 10-12 inches
high. " Radical leaves on long petioles rising from a fdiform rhizoma.
Flower solitary, on a long peduncle, as large as in A. Pennsylvanica, Avhite.

8. A. Richardsoniana (Hook.): somewhat hairy; leaves renifonn,
3-5-parted, lobes slightly 3-cleft, acutely toothed ; those of the involucre
roundish-cuneiform, sessile 3-cleft and toothed ; sepals 6, spreading ; carpels
compressed, glabrous ; style long, dellexed, uncinate. Hook! ft. Bor.-Am.
1. p. 6. t. 4./. -4. ^ in Richards, app. Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. 21.

Shores of Hudson's Bay, and Rocky Mountains from lat. 55° to C8°; also
Unalaschka and throughout Siberia.— Plant 8-10 inches high. Radical
leaves mostly springing from filiform rhizomas. Head of carpels large com-
pared with the flower, depressed. Carpels numerous, oblong-ovate, termi-
nated by a long slender deflexed style, the extremity of which is curved up-
ward.

9. A. cylindrica (Gray): silky-pubescent; leaves ternately divided;
lateral segments 2-parted, the intermediate one 3-cleft ; lobes linear-lanceo-
late, with the apex incisely toothed ; those of the involucre petioled ; pe-
duncles 2-6, rarely one ; sepals 5, obovate, obtuse ; carpels woolly, in a long
cylindrical head. Gray ! in ami. lye. Neiv-York, 3. p. 221.

Western part of the State of New- York, Gray ! ; near Boston, Mr.
Greene ! NiUtall ! Bellows Falls, New Hampshire Mr. Carey ! Michi-
gan, Dr. FolwellJ Indiana., Darliiigton! May-June.— Plant 1-3 feet high.
Peduncles flowering simultaneously, subumbellate, 1-flowered, in fruit
8-12 inches in length. Leaves of the involucre 2-3 times the number of
the peduncles. Sepals subcoriaceous, pale yellowish-green. Style very
short. Head of carpels an inch in length.

§ 4. Carpels without tails, subcompressed : pedicels several from each
involucre, one of them leafless and Iflowered, the others bearing a
2-leaved involucel. — Anemonospermos, DC.

10. A. Virginiana (Linn.) : leaves ternately divided ; segments 3-cleft,
acuminate, incisely serrate, those of the involucre and involucels similar, pe-
tioled; sepals 5, somewhat coriaceous, elliptical ; head of carpels ovate-ob-
long, wooUy.— Mc/i.r. .'/. 1. p. 320 ; Pursh ! fl. 2. p. 388 ; DC. prodr. 1. p.
21;^ Hook.fl. Bor.-Am. \.p. 7. t. 4./. B.

Banks of rivers and in woods, Canada! (from lat. 55°) to South Caro-
lina.—Plant 2-3 feet high, hairy. Peduncles elongated, 3-4 from each in-
volucre. Sepals acute, pale yellowish-green, silky-pubescent beneath.
Head of carpels three-fourths of an inch long, and half an inch in diameter.
—We have a variety of this plant, found near Philadelphia by Mr. Durand,
in which the flower is considerably larger than usual, the sepals nearly white,
and several of them quite obtuse.

11. A. midtifida (DC): hauy; leaves ternately divided ; segments
cuneiform, laciniately 3-cleft, lobes linear, acute, those of the involucre and
involucels similar, on short petioles ; sepals 5-8, oval, obtuse.— Z>C;)ro(Zr. 1.
p. 21 ; Deless. ic. l.t. 16?; Hook. ft. Bor.-Am. I. p. 7. A. Hudsoniana,
Richards, app. Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. 22.

0. Hudsoniana (DC. l. c): stem. 2-flowered ; flower red.— A. sangui-
nea, Pursh ! in herb. Lamb. A. Hudsoniana P. sanguinea, Richards. I. c.

y. globosa: stem mostly l-( sometimes 2-3-) flowered; head of carpels
globose. — A globosa, Nutt, ! mss.

14 RANUNCULACE^. Hepatica.

Canada! and Arctic America; west to the Oregon. Shore of Lake
Superior, Dr. PUchcr! Watertown, New-York, (var. Hudsoniana) Dr.
Craxoe ! Vermont, Dr. Bobbins ! Mr. Carey ! June. v. Plains of the
Platte and Valleys of the Rocky Mountains in lat. 42°, Nuttall .'—About a
loot high. Flower white, yellow, or purple, but mostly deep red. Head of
pericarps oval, very wooUy. — It is possible that the North American plant
may prove to be a distinct species from A. multifida of the Straits of Ma-
gellan. The single-flowered variety figured in Delessert, ic. 1. t. 17, is so
unlike the ordinary form, t. 16, that it can hardly belong to the same species.

12. A. Pennsylvanica (Linn.): somewhat hairy; leaves 3-5-parted; seg-
ments oblong, incisely toothed at the apex; involucre and involucels similar,
24eaved, sessile ; sepals 5, obovate ; carpels hairy, compressed, margined,
with a nearly straight persistent style. — Pursh, ft. 2. p. 3S7; DC.prodr. 1.
J). 21; Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. l.p. 8. t. 3. f. B. A. dichotoma, Linn, amcen.
acad. 1. p. 155 ; DC. prodr. I. c. ; Pursh ! Jl. I. c. A. aconitifolia, Michx. !
fi. 1. p. 320. \

Banks of rivers, in rocky places, Canada ! to Pennsylvania ! and north to «!.
Arctic America. Michigan! Ohio! June- July. — About 18 inches high.
Radical leaves large, on long petioles. Flower an inch or more in diameter.
Sepals white, membranaceous. Style longer than the ripe carpels, and when
young, short and hooked. — We fully accord with Sir W. Hooker in uniting
A. Pennsylvanica and A. dichotoma. Siberian specimens of the latter are
taller and the flower smaller than in our plant, but in other respects there is
no dijQference.

§ 5. Carpels without tails, much compressed, roundish-oval, glabrous :
pedicels several, umbelled, leajless, 1-Jlowered. — Omalocarpus, DC.

13. A. narcissijlora (Linn.): villous; leaves palmately 3—5 parted; seg-
ments cuneiform, incisely many-cleft ; lobes linear, acute ; involucre some-
what similar, sessile, leaflets 3-5-cleft. — Willd. sp. 2. p. 1283 ; Pursh, fl. 2.
p. 387 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 21 ; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am.. 1. p. 8.

Canada (Pursh) and N. W. America '(Menzies) to Kotzebue's Sound.
Unalaschka, Fisher. — Plant clothed with long silky hairs. Flowers white.

I Doubtful species.

14. A. Walteri (Pursh) : root tuberous ; stem 1-flowered, naked ; leaves
palmate, on long petioles; sepals 5. Pursh, fl. 2. p. 387. Thalictrum Caro-
linianum, Walt. Car. p. 157.

North Carolina, Walter. — Pursh found no specimen of this plant in
Walter's herbarium, and it is quite unknown to aU our botanists.

15. A. pedata (Raf.) : stem short, 1-flowered ; leaves pedately 5-parted,
lobes laciniate; sepals 6. Raf. in jour. bot. l.p. 230; DC.prodr. l.p 22.

New Jersey, Rafinesque. — Probably A. nemorosa.

16. A. minima (DC.) : involucral leaves 3-parted ; lobes ovate, acuminate,
serrate towards the apex; sepals 5, oval-oblong, obtuse. DC. syst. l.p, 206.

Alleghany Mountains in Virginia, P. de Beauvois. — Probably also a va-
riety of A. nemorosa.

3. HEPATICA. Dill; DC. syst. l.p. 215.

Involucre resembling a 3-sepalous calyx, very near the flower. Sepals pe-
taloid, 6-9, in 2 or 3 rows. Petals none. Achenia without tails. — Involucre
1-flowered. Leaves radical, entire or 3-lobed.

Ranunccuis. RANUNCULACE^. 15

1, H. triloba (Chaix): leaves broadly cordate, 3--5-lobpd; lobes omire.—
Chaix in Vill. Ddph. 1. p. 336; DC. prndr. 1. p. 22 ; Pur.sh, Jl. 2. p. 391 ;
Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. S. Anemone Hepalica, Linn. ; Michx. ! jl. 1.

V- 319- „ .

a. obtusa : leaves 3-lobed ; lobes roundish, obtuse, Pursh, I. c— H. Ameri-
cana, Ker, in bat. reg. t. 387 ; J) C. I. c.

0. acuta: leaves 3-5-lobed; lobes spreading, acute. Pursh, Jl. I. c.—H.
acutiloba, J)C. I. c.

Canada! to South Carolina; very common. ^\tc\\n, JJ on g a rd. March-
April. — Leaves coriaceous. Petals and scapes villous. Involucre villous;
segments ovate, mostly obtuse. Sepals oblong, obtuse, blue, pale purple,
or white.

4. ADONIS. Linn. ; DC. syst. 1. p. 220.

Sepals 5, appressed. Petals 5-15, with a naked claw. Achcnia spicate
upon the elongated torus, tipped with the short style. — Herbs with pin-
nately-parted cauline leaves, the segments linear and numerous. Flowers
solitary on the extremity of the stem or branches, yellow or red.

1. A. autumnalis (Linn.): calyx glabrous; petals 6-8, concave and con-
nivent, a little longer than the calyx; carpels somewhat reticulated, collected
into an ovate head, crowned with a very short style ; stem branched. DC.
prodr. 1. p. 23; Hook.fi. Bor.-Am. \.p. 9.

Labrador, Hooker; near New Orleans, Mr. Teinturier ! Banks of the
Mississippi, Nuttall ! " Genesee Flatts" [New-York,] v. s. in herb.
Muhl. (l)-— Leaves three times compound, the segments scarcely a line wide.
Flowers bright scarlet, as large as in Ranunculus acris.

Tribe II. RANUNCULE^. DC.

Petals with a small nectariferous scale or gland at (he base inside*
Anthers cxtrorse. Seed erect, or sometimes suspended.

5. RANUNCULUS. Linn.; DC. syst. 1. p. 231.

Ranunculus &. Casalaa, A. SLHil.

Sepals 5. Petals 5 (sometimes 10 or more), with a nectariferous scale or
glandular spot on the inside of the claw. Stamens numerous, or sometimes
few. Achenia ovate, pointed, compressed, disposed in cylindrical or round-
ish heads. Seed erect (rarely suspended).— Annual or perennial herbs.
Leaves mostly radical, the cauline ones at the base of the branches and pe-
duncles.

§ 1. Carpels transversely wrinkled : petals white : claw yellow, with
a conspicuous nectariferous pore.— Batrachium, DC.

\. R. aquatilis (Linn.) : stem floating ; submersed leaves filiformly dis-
sected; eraersed ones 3-parted, with cimeiform dentate lobes; petals ob-
ovate, exceeding the calyx.— Pursh, Jl. 2. p. 395 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 26 ; Hook.
Jl. Bor.-Am. I. p. 10.; Darlingt. ! Jl. Cest. ed. 2. p. 327.

16 RANUNCULACEiE. Anemone.

a. heierophyllus : cmcrscd leaves 3-parted. DC. I. c. — R. aquatilis,
Pursh, I. c.

p. capiUaceus: leaves petioled, all immersed and filifofmly dissected.
DC. I. c. ; Honk. I. f.— R. pantothrix, DC. syat. 1. p. 235 ; Ell. Wc. 2. ;;. 57.
R. fluviatilis, Willd. sp. 2. p. 1333 ; Pursh, I. c.

y. ca'spitosus : leaves petioled, all emersed, with a nearly orbicular cir-
cumscription, filiformly dissected, the segments rigidly divergent; base of the
petiole broad, sheathing and auricled. DC. I. c; Hook. I. c.

f). stagnalis: leaves sessile, all immersed, filiformly dissected, circinnatc ;
segments short; sheaths obscurely auricled; carpels rather acute, nearly
smooth. DC. I. c. ; Hook. I. c.

Ponds and rivers, Arctic America to South Carolina, and west to the
Rocky Mountains! and Columbia River! California, {Hook tf Am. in
hot. Beechey's voy.) June-Aug. — Stem long, slender, jointed. Leaves
dichotomously or trichotomously divided. Flowers smaller than those of R.
acris. Calyx glabrous. — We have never seen American specimens of Var. o.
Var. y and ^, British America, Hooker.

§ 2. Carpels smooth {not wrinkled), ovate or suhrotunO, in roundish
heads : root jibrous. — Hecatonia, DC.

* Leaves divided : flowers, ivhilc.

2. R. glacialis (Linn.): radical leaves petioled, palmately 3-parted or 3-
cleft ; lobes rather obtuse and thick ; stem about 1-flowered ; calyx very hir-
sute; carpels compressed, margined. DC. prodr. 1. p. 30.

Greenland.

** Leaves all undivided ; flowers yellow.

3. Jl. Flammula (Linn.): leaves smooth, linear-lanceolate or ovate-lance-
olate, often denticulate ; stem declined, more or less rooting at the lower
joints; peduncles opposite the leaves; carpels smooth, with a distinct sub-
ulate beak ; petals much longer than the calyx. — DC. prodr. 1. p. 32 ; Pursh,
Jl. 2. p. 391 ; Darlingt. ! fl. Cest. p. 327.

/?. laxicaulis : stem weak, much branched; leaves all entire; lowest
ones eUiptical-oblong, upper ones linear; petals oblong, attenuate at the base,
three times as long as the calyx.

Inundated places, ditches, &c. Canada ! to North Carolina. P. Milledge-
ville, Georgia, Dr. Boykin J July. — Whole plant glabrous. Stem 1-2 feet
long, a little branched; leaves 3-6 inches long, 4-8 lines broad, those of the
stem acute at each end ; lower ones petioled, more or less obtuse at the base.
Peduncles 1-2 inches long. Flowers 4—5 lines in diameter. Head of car-
pels globose. Beak two-thirds the length of the car])el.

4. R. reptans (Linn.): leaves linear or lanceolate-linear, acute at each
end, glabrous, entire; stem creeping (rooting at the joints); carpels glabrous,
puncticulate, with a minute blunt point. — DC. prodr. 1. p. 32.

jff. oralis, (Bigel.) : leaves oval and lanceolate ; petals 6-10. Bigel. I. c.
y. intermedius (Hook. !) stem creeping, slender, leaves narrow, lanceolate,
the upper ones linear ; flower middle sized.

5. jiUformis (DC): stem filiform, creeping extensively, leaves linear;
flowers small.— R. filiformis, Mich. v. ! fl. 1. p. 320; Pursh, Jl. 1. p. 392;
Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 224.

Banks of rivers and low grounds, Labrador and Canada to New- York ! west
to Oregon ! June-August,

Ranunculds. RANUNCULACE^. 17

Sir W. Hooker refers R. reptans to R. Flammula, and should we have adopt-
ed his views were it not for tiie dilference in tlie carpels uf the two species.
The most connnon variety throws out numerous filiform stems, j)ruducin<T
leaves and roots at the joints. Leaves mostly very narrow ; hut in /?. and > .
inclining to lanceolate or even ovate. Flowers in P. ahout a third of an incii
in diameter, in the other varieties smaller. Petals obovate. Carpels roundish-
ovate, the beak very short and oblique.

5. /?. pusillus (Poir.) : leaves all on long petioles ; lower ones ovate, sub-
cordate, entire or sparingly toothed ; upper ones linear-lanceolate ; stem erect
or decumbent ; petals mostly 3 (sometimes 1-5), as long as the calyx ; car-
pels ovate, with a minute blunt point. — Puir. diet. 6. p. 99 ; Pursh, Jl. 2. p.
:U2; Ell.sk.2. p. 58; BC. prodr. 1. p. 32; Deless. ic. 1. t.2S. R.
Flammula, Michx. ! Jl. 1. p. 221; Wait. Car. p. 159.

(i . denticrdatu.^ : leaves acutely and remotely repand-denticulate, lowest
ones ovate-lanceolate ; those of the stem lanceolate-linear ; flowers minute ;
carpels roundish-ovate.

Y. mxUicus : resembling a. but the carpels very smooth and without any
beak; tlowers very small.

S. oblong if oliu.'i : leaves petiolate, denticulate, lower ones oblong-oval, up-
per ones linear-lanceolate ; petals a little longer than the calyx ; carpels
globose, not pointed, smooth. — R. oblongifolius. Ell. sk. 2. p. 58.

Boggy places. Var. a. North Carolina ! to Georgia. /?. Texas, Drum-
mond ! y. New York ! to Pennsylvania. <5. near Savannah, Georgia !
Elliott! — The varieties y- fin'l ^» may prove to be distinct species. — This
species would be referred to Casalea, St. Hil.

6.7?. Cijmhalaria (Pursh): stoloniferous ; leaves cordate-ovate or reniform,
petioled, obtuse, coarsely crenate ; scape 1-3-fiowered ; petals spatulate,
rather longer than the calyx. — Pursh ! Jl. 2. p. 392 ; Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. 1.
p. 11. R. Cymbalaria P. Americana, DC. prodr. l.p. 33.

/?. alpinus : very small ; leaves 3-toothcd at the apex ; scape 1-flowered.^
R. halophyllus, Schlecht. animad. hot. ? (fide Hook?)

Arctic Sea, lat. 68°, to the coast of New-Jersey ! Salina, New-York !
Salt plains of the Platte, Dr. James ! Banks of the Oregon and neighbour-
ing streams, as well as on the contiguous coast of the Pacific, Nuttall !
0. Summits of the Rocky Mountains, Drummond., &c. August — Scapes 2-
6 inches high, with one or two minute linear leaves. Stolons extensively
creeping. Leaves glabrous, somewhat fleshy, roundish-ovate or oblong. Se-
pals oval, concave. Petals 5-8. Carpels ovate, acute, compressed, with seve-
ral elevated ribs, disposed in dense oblong heads. — Very near R. salsuginosus,
Pall. The Siberian plant is commonly smaller than the North American
variety, but in other respects there is no essential diflference.

♦** Leaves more or less divided : Jloioers yellow.

C^ 7. R. Pallas^ii (Schlecht.) : stem creeping, fistulous ; leaves oval or obovate,
cuneiform, 3-parted ; sepals 3 ; petals 8 ; head of carpels spherical ; carpels
thick, ovate, glabrous, beaked. Schlecht. animad. hot. l.p. 15. t. 2; Hook.
Jl. Bor.-Am.\ p. 10.

On the western shore of extreme Arctic America, beyond Behring's Straits.
Chamisso. — AUied to Ficaria.

8. R. auricom,us (Linn.) : leaves glabrous, radical ones petioled, cordate,
mostly 3-parted or lobed ; cauline ones divided into linear entire or slightly
toothed lobes; calyx pubescent, shorter than the petals. DC. prodr. l.p. 33.

Greenland. — Pursh records this species as a native of Pennsylvania, but
no other botanist has found it in any part of the United States.

3

18 RANUNCULACEiE. Ranunculus.

9. R. affinis (R. Brown) : radical leaves petioled, pedately multifid ;
canline ones subsessile, digitate, with linear lobes ; stern erect, few-flowered
and, with the calyx and ovaries, pubescent ; carpels with a recurved beak,
disposed in oblong-cylindrical heads. R. Br. in Parrifs \sl voy. ajrp. p.
265; Hook.Jl. Hor-Am. I. p. 12.

a. petals twice as long as the calyx. Hook. I. c. t. 6. A. — R. affinis, R. Br.
I. c; Richards, in Frankl. l.s^ jour. app. cd. 2. p. 23 ; Hook, in Parry's
2nd voy. app. p. 384. R. arcticus, Richards. I. c. ed. 1.

/?. petals a little shorter than the calyx, or none ; lower leaves more or less
divided. Hook. I. c. i. 6. A. b.

y. the exterior radical leaves suborbicular, undivided. Hook. I. c.

Canada to the Arctic Sea, and from long. 95° to the western declivity of
the Rocky Mountains. Kotzebue's Sound, Hook. P. & y. Melville Is-
land and shore of the Arctic Sea, Hook. — Very near R. auricomus. Broun.

10. R. ovalis (Hook.) : pubescent ; radical leaves oval, cordate or truncate
at the base, undivided, rarely crenately 3-lobed ; cauline ones subsessile,
digitate, Avith the lobes all linear ; stem erect, many-flowered ; calyx pubes-
cent as lono- as the corolla ; heads of carpels globose. Hook.fi. Bor.-Ain. 1.
p. 13. t. Q.f. B ; Raf. in Desv.jour. hot. 2. p. 268 ? ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 43 1

Rocky Mountains, lat. 52°, and about Carlton House.— Root fasciculately '
fibrous. Radical leaves crenate, undivided, trifid, or pedately palmate. Se-
pals spreading, at length reflexed. Petals oval. Carpels as in R. affinis.

11. R. hrevicaulis (Hook.): pubescent; radical leaves all undiAaded,
cordate-oval, crenate, cauline ones palmately many-cleft ; stem much shorter
than the leaves, erect, many-flowered ; heads of carpels globose ; petals 6.
Hook.fi. Bor.-Am. I. p. 13. t. 7. A.

Shores of Lake Huron, Drummond; Fort Gratiot, St. Clair River, Dr.
Pitcher .'—Plant 2-6 inches high. Leaves on long petioles, large in proportion
to the size of the plant. Flower about half an inch in diameter.— Probably
only a variety of the preceding species.

12. R. rhomboideus (Goldie) : hirsutely pubescent; radical leaves ovate-
rhomboid, undivided, serrate (or crenate), cauline ones palmate, floral ones
deeply laciniate ; sepals spreading, pilose; head of carpels globose, glabrous,
with an extremely short heak.— Goldie, in Edinb. phil.jour. G. p. 329. t. 11.
/. 1 ; Hook. ft. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 12.

Canada, 'Goldie, Denke! Near Montreal, Dr. Holmes .'Stem 3-6
inches high, branching above. Radical leaves orbicular-ovate, rhomboidal or
obovate-cuneiform. Petals 5, oblong-obovate, longer than the sepals.

13. R. cardiophyllns (Hook.) : hirsutely pubescent ; radical leaves round-
cordate, with the base rather deeply emarginate, undivided or many-cleft ;
cauline ones palmately many-cleft ; the lobes linear, incisely crenate ; petals
broadly oval, very obl:use, twice as long as the spreading sepals ; head of
carpels oblong.— //oo/f. fi. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 14. t. 5./. B; Nutt. in jour. acad.
Phi lad. l.p'.S.

Canada to lat. 55°; Rocky Mountains, Drummond; Flat-Head River,
N. W. America, Mr. Wyeth.— Stem 1 foot high, robust. Stem-leaves nearly
sessile. Carpels numerous, roundish, small, terminated Avith a minute ra-
ther long hooked style. Flowers golden yelloAV, as large as in R. bulbosus.
Hook.— This and the four preceding species are nearly allied, and aU of
Ihera, Avith the exception of R. rhomboideus, may be, as Hooker suspects,
only varieties of R. auricomus. They all have fibrose-fasciculate roots.

14./?. micranthus (Nutt.! mss.) : "hairy, dAvarf, (small-flowered);
leaves petiolate, somcAvhat rhombic-OA'ate, crenate, some of ihem 3-parted or
3-cleft ; cauline ones subsessile, Avith 3 to 5 linear-oblong divisions; sepals
AA'ith a bj-oid membranaceous border, as long as the corolla.

Ranunculus. RANUNCULACEaE. 19

"Margin of ponds throughout the upper and western part of Missouri;
likewise in Arkansas, collected by Dr. Pitcher." Nullall ! — Dislin<,nii-hed
iroin R. abortivus, which it much resembles, by the constant hairiness of the
stem, calyx, and petioles, as will as by the very ditlerenl form of the primary
leaves. " From R. ovalis it dillers in the flower being less than half as large,
and also by the shorter radical leaves with much fewer serraturcs." Niui.

/?. '? Cidifurnkiui : stem very short; leaves much crowded; primary
ones reni form-cordate, cauiine trifoliolate ; the leaflets on long petioles, 2-|j
lobed.

California. DoHcrlas ! — Stem short and thick, scarcely 2 inches high.
Leaves nearly glabrous, except a little hairiness on the margin, the petioles
pubescent. Flower subsolitary, as large as in R. abortivus. — We have but a
solitary and rather imperfect specimen of this plant, and are therefore unable to
determine whether it is a distinct species, or a mere variety of R. micranthus.

•15. R. glahervimus (Hook.) : leaves all (except the uppermost) petioled ;
radical ones roundish, entire or coarsely 3-toothed ; cauiine ones somewhat
cuneiform, 3-cleft ; petals twice as large as the oval spreading sepals ; heads
of caqiels globose. Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 12. t. 5. A ; Nuit. ! in jour,
acad. Philad. 1. p. 7.

Rocky Mountams near perpetual snow, Douglas ; WallaAvallali River, &c.
Nuttall ! — Roots fibrose-fasciclcd. Whole plant very glabrous, somewhat
succulent. Stem a span high, 1-3-flowered. Cauiine leaves 3-cleft ; seg-
ments lanceolate, obtuse, entire. Corolla half an inch in diameter. Petals
5, oval, twice the length of the calyx.

16. R. abortivus (Linn.) : glabrous and very smooth ; radical leaves peti-
oled, reniform or broadly ovate and subcordate, crenate, sometimes 3-cIeft ;
cauiine ones 3-5-parted, with linear-oblong nearly entire segments ; sepals
reflexed, longer than the petals ; head of carpels globose or ovate. — Willd.
sp. 2. p. 1334 ; Pnrsh ! fl. 2. p. 392 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 34 ; Hook. Jl. Bor.-
Am. 1. Tj. 14. (excl. /?.) R. nitidus, ^YaU. Car. p. 159?; Pursh ! I. c.

Newfoundland, and Canada lat. 57°, to S. Carolina ! west to Arkansas !
and the Rocky Mountains ; in rocky woods. April-June. — Root fibrose-
fascicled. Stem simple or branching. Flowers 2-3 lines in diameter. Se-
pals oval, obtuse, colored. Petals pale yellow, with a conspicuous truncate
scale. Carpels roundish, margined, with a very short straight style (or some-
times with a long and stout recurved miicro. Hook.) — Near R. auricomus,
but a smoother plant with much smaller flowers. Var. P. of Hooker is per-
liaps a form of that species.

17. R. sceleratus (Linn.) : glabrous ; leaves petioled, 3-parted ; radical
ones with the divisions 3-lobed and obtusely incised ; the upper cauiine ones
Aviih oblong-linear nearly entire lobes ; sepals reflexed, about equal to the
petals ; camels minute, disposed in oblong-cylindrical heads. — WUJd. sp. 2.
p. 1315 ; Pursh ! fl. 2. jj. 293 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 34 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 59 ; Hook,
fl. Bor.-Am. l.p. 15.

p. midtijidus (Nntt.lmss.): "leaves much divided ; flowers larger ; headof
carpels ovate, thick."

In ditches, &.c. Canada! (lat. 67°) to S.Carolina, p. Ponds of the Platte,
Nuttall ! — Stem thick and succulent, fistulous, very leafy. Flowers small,
pale yellow. Carpels very numerous, scarcely pointed. /?. About a span
high, more slender ; the head of carpels much shorter and thicker.

IS. R. Pnrshii (Richardson): submerged leaves filiformly 2-3-choto-
mously dissected, with the segments flat ; emersed ones reniform, 3-5-parted,
the lobes variously divided ; petals twice as large as the reflexed sepals ; car-
pels in globose heads, smooth, with a short and straight ensiform style. —
Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 15.

a. leaves all filiformly dissected (flowers as large as in R. acris) ; stem fis-

20 RANUNCULACEiE. Ranunculus,

tulous. Hook. I. c. — R. multifidus, Purah ! Ji. 2. p. 736 ; DC. I. c. R. aqua-
ticus, flore fiavo, tbliis infiinis tenuissime divisis &c., C'layt. / Virg. ed. 2.
no. 885. R. (iuviatilis, Bisrel. Jl. Bost. ed. 1. p. 139. -R. delphinifolius,
Torr. in. Eat. hot. ed. 3. (1822) p. 424. R. lacustris, Btck (^ Tracy in
Eat. I. c. p. 423, d^ in trans. Albany inst. 1. p. 148. t. 5.

p. submersed leaves filiformly dissected; floating ones reniform, palmately
many-cleft. Hook. I. c. t. 7. B.f. i.

y. creeping; lower leaves many-cleft, with linear segments; the upper
ones reuiibrm, pahnately many-cleft. Hook. I. c. t. 7. B. f. 2. — R. Purshii
a. Richards. ! in apj). Frank I. journ. ed. 2. p. 23.

y. creeping ; leaves all round-reniform, palmately 3-5-clcft. Hook. I. c. t.
7. B. f. 3. — R. Purshii /?. Hie hards, i. c. R. Gmeleni. DC.prodr. 1. p. 35.
(excl. syn.) R. Langsdorfii, DC. I. c.

In ponds and muddy places, from extreme Arctic America to N. Carolina !
Louisiana! Ohio! &c. West to the Rocky Mountains! and Kotzebue's
Sound. May-July. — Flowers bright yeUow.

19. R. liniosus. (Nutt.l mss.) : " subaquatic, procumbent, somewhat hairy ;
leaves reniform, palmately 5-cleft, the segments 2-3-toothed or somewhat
lobed ; the divisions blunt, short and shallow ; stem 1-2-flowered ; sepals
shorter than the rounded petals; carpels scarcely keeled, with a short nearly
straight beak.

" Margins of ponds in the eastern ranges of the Rocky Mountains, Lewis's
River, &.c. Near R. Purshii y. Hook. ?" Nidt. — It appears scarcely to differ,
except in the pubescence, from some of the numerous varieties of R.Purshii.

20. H. Lapponicus (Linn.) : leaves glabrous ;- radical ones on long pe-
tioles, 3-parted, with the lobes dilated, obtuse, coarsely toothed ; scape
1-flowered, (sometimes 1-leaved,) longer than the leaves ; sepals 3, reflexed.
DC. — Linn.Ji. Lapp. t. 3.f. 4; DC.prodr. 1. p. 35; Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. 1.
p. 16.

Arctic America, from lat. 50° to the Arctic Sea. Kotzebue's Sound,
Hook. ^ Am. in Bat. Beechey.' — Petals 6 (8, Sclilecht.), spatulate. Car-
pels 6-10, in roundish heads. AUied to Ficaria. Hooker.

21. R. hyperboreus (Rottboell) : leaves glabrous, petioled, 3-cleft ; lobes
oblong-oval, divaricate, the lateral ones somewhat 2-cleft, the middle one
undivided ; sheaths with the base biauriculate ; stem filiform, creeping.
DC.—Fl. Dan. t. 331 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 35 ; Hook.Ji. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 16. R.
Gmeleni, Schlecht. animad. bot. 2. p. 85. (fide Hook.)

Arctic America. — Heads globose, compact ; carpels distinctly margined on
the back. Hooker. — Allied to R. Cymbalaria, but distinguished by its trifid
leaves. DC.

22. K.pygmceits (Wahl.) : leaves glabrous, 3-5-cleft, radical ones petioled,
cauline ones sessile ; stem 1-flowered ; calyx glabrous, longer than the
somewhat reflexed petals ; carpels roundish, pointed with a short hooked
style. DC— Wahl. fl. Lapp. p. 157. t. 8. /. 1 ; Pursh^ Jl. 2. p. 393 ; DC.
prodr. 1. p. 35; Hook..' Jl. Bor.-Am. \.p. 17.

Coast of Arctic America ! and Rocky Mountains in lat. 55°. Spitzber-
gen ! Unalaschka ! Kotzebue's Sound, Hook. ^ Am. in bot. Beechey.
Labrador, Pitrsh, and herb. Schweinitz .' — Stem erect, never creeping,
1-2 inches high. Heads oblong. Carpels subglobose, not margined at the
back. Hooker. — Intermediate between R. hyperboreus and nivalis. DC.

23. R. Sabinii (R. BroAvn) : radical leaves on long petioles, 3-parted ;
lobes elliptical, the lateral ones 2-cleft ; cauline ones sessile, 3-parted, the
divisions linear ; calyx hirsute, nearly equal to the retuse petals. R. Br. in
Parry^s 1st voy. app.p. 264; Hook.Ji. Bor.-Am. I. p. 17.

Melville Island and Shores of the Arctic Sea. — Verj' near R. nivalis. R. Br.
.24. R. nivalis (R. Brown) : radical leaves on long petioles, dilated, lobed ;

Ranunculits. RANUNCULACEiE. 21

the lobes somewhat ovate ; cauline ones nearly sessile, palmate ; stem erect,
about 1-Howered ; calyx very hirsute, shorter than the obovate entire petals ;
style nearly straight, as long as the glabrous ovaries. It. lir. I. c. j Hook.!
I. c.

a. radical leaves reniform, deeply lobed ; the middle lobe cuneiform-obo-
vate, narrowed at the base. R. lir.— R. nivaVis, Linn. ; DC. prod r. ].]>.
35.

0. radical leaves cuneiform at the base, lobed scarcely to the middle ; the
middle lobe semi-ovate, broad at the base ; petals round-obovate, once and a
half the length of the very hirsute calyx, li. Jir.—R. sulphureus, Holand. ;
iScklcclit. (niinuid. hot. 2. p. 15.

y. radical leaves somewhat cuneiform at the base, or deeply lobed trans-
versely ; the middle lobe cunciform-obovate, narrower at the base. B. Br.

Arctic America ! and from Labrador ! and Spitzbergen ! to Kotzebue's
Sound (Beechey), and the Rocky Mountains, lat. 55°.

25. R. Eschscholtzii (Schlecht.) : leaves ciliate; radical ones petioled,
3-parted, the divisions lobed ; stem about 1-Howered ; calyx hirsute, shorter
than the petals ; carpels obliquely ovate, terminated by a short style. DC. —
Schlecht. animad. hot. 2. p. 16. ^ 1; DC. prodr. 1. j). 35; IIuolc. fi. Bor.-
Am. 1. p. 18.

0. petals abortive or very small. Hook. I. c.

Unalaschka, &c. N. W. America. /?. Rocky Mountains, lat. 52^-56°.—
Near R. nivalis.

26. R. pedatijidus (Smith) : leaves minutely pubescent ; the radical ones
petioled, palmately or pedately divided, with the lobes linear and entire ;
scape erect, nearly naked, 1-2-flowered ; calyx spreading, somewhat villous.
Hook.— Smith, in Rees's cycl. ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 36 ; Hook. I.e. t. 8. B.

Rocky Mountains, lat. 52^-55^. — Leaves somewhat ciliate. Scape
1-leaved, 3 inches high. Carpels disposed in a roundish head, ovale, at-
tenuate into a recurved style which is scarcely as long as the fruit. Hook.

27. R. acris (Linn.) : leaves pubescent or somewhat glabrous, 3-5-part-
ed, with the segments deeply and laciniately trifid ; lobes lanceolate, acute,
the uppermost linear ; stem many-flowered ; peduncles terete ; calyx spread-
ino-, villous ; carpels roundish, compressed, terminated with a short recurved
style.— PMr«/i, fl. 2. p. 394; DC. prodr. 1. j). 36; Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. 1.
p. 18.

13. hairy ; petals oblong, 10-14.— R. Deppii, Nutt. ! mss.

Meadows and pastures, Hudson's Bay to Pennsylvania ! H. California,
Nuttall ! June.— Stem 1-2 feet high, hirsute, with the pubescence appressed
or spreading ; sometimes nearly glabrous. Flowers large. — Butter-cups.

28. R. repens (Linn.) : stems sending ofT from the base long prostrate or
creeping branches ; leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets cuneiform 3-lobed incisely
toothed, the middle one (and generally the lateral one also) petiolulate ; pe-
duncles sulcate ; calyx spreading ; carpels Avith a broad rather straight point.
—DC. prodr. 1. p. 38 ; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 394; DarKngt.fl. Cest. ed. 2. p. 329.
R. prostratus, Poir. diet. 6. p. 113. R. intermedins, Eat! man. ed. 3. R.
Clintonii, Beck,Jl. p. 7. R. fascicularis, Bart. fl. Philad. 2. p. 25. R. niti-
dus, Mnhl. cat. ed. 2. p. 56; Ell. sk. 2. p. 60; 'Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 20.
(excl. syn. DC.)

13. linearilobus (DC.) : prostrate ; stems very long, floriferous ; lobes of the
leaves very narrow.

y. Marilandicus : stem and petioles densely hirsute with rather soft hairs;
leaflets distinctly petiolulate. — R. Marilandicus, Poir. diet. 6. p. 126; DC.
syst. 1. p. 291 ; Piirsh ! I. c.

Wet shady places, particularly along rivers, Canada ! to Georgia ! and

22 RANUNCULACEiE. Ranunculus,

west to the Pacific ! y. Pennsylvania to Kentucky ! — May^uly. — Stems at
length 1-4 feet long, commonly prostrate, and olten rooting; the earliest
iiowering ones erect; usually hairy below, but often nearly smooth. Leaves
with the petioles more or less pilose. Peduncles 1-3 inches long. Flowers
middle sized (in sy)eciinens from Oregon smaller). Carpels in a globose head,
margined, suborbicular, pointed with a short beak, which is nearly straight
or somewhat incurved. A variable plant; the stem being procumbent or
erect; the flowers sometimes much smaller, sometimes larger than in R.
acris, and the leaves presenting much diversity of form and lobing. — Pursh's
specimen of this plant in Lambert's herbarium is labelled in the hand-^vrit-
ing of De Candolle.

29. JR. hispidus (Michx.) : stem erect, branching and, Avith the petioles,
very pilose with stiif spreading hairs ; leaves trifoliolate or 3-parted ; seg-
ments oval, acute, laciniate ; pedicels with the pubescence appressed ; calyx
appressed ; carpels smooth, pointed with a very short style. — DC. proch: 1.
p. 38 ; Michx.! fl. 1. p. 321; Ell. sk. 2. p. 62. R. Belvisii, DC. I. c. R.
Penusylvanicus, Pmsh ! fl. 2. p. 393.

Shady rich soils, often in very wet places, New Jersey ! to S. Carolina !
and west to Oregon. May-July. — Stem 1^-2 feet high, widely branching,
rather naked above. Leaves very hairy, often divided nearly to the base
into many acute segments. Flowers as large as in R. acris.

30. i?. occidentalis (Nutt.! mss.): "hirsute with shining spreading hairs;
leaves trifid or 3-parted ; segments cuneate and trifid, or incisely toothed, the
lateral ones often subdivided ; the uppermost leaves trifid, with linear acute
segments ; stem divaricate, many-flowered ; sepals reflexed, half as long as
the eUiptical-oblong petals ; carpels smooth, much compressed, with the re-
volute style nearly their own length." — R. recurvatus, Bong. ! veg. Sitcha,
in mem,, acad. St. Petersb. (6 ser.) 2. p. 123. (excl. syn.) ; Hook. ! fi.
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 20. (in part.)

Plains of the Oregon River, near woods, Nuttall ! Dr. Scouler ! ; Sitcha,
Bongard! — Root composed of fasciculate fibres. Stem slender, about a
foot high, somewhat branching, rather naked, densely clothed with shining
brown hairs. Leaves scarcely more than an inch in length and breadth.
Flowers Avhen expanded 8-10 lines in diameter. Carpels slightly hairy, mar-
gined ; the beak, when mature, so much recurved as to be revolute. — Nearly
related to R. lanuginosus of Europe, but differs in its slender naked stems,
smaller leaves and flowers, narrow petals, &c. — We refer to this species R.
recurvatus of Hooker, in part, because we have specimens under that name
from Dr. Scouler, collected in Oregon.

31. R. Pennsylvaniciis (Linn.): stem and petioles pilose-hispid with
spreading hairs ; leaves ternate, villous, Avith the hairs appressed ; lower ones
on long petioles, the leaflets petiolulate ; lobes lanceolate, incised ; calyx re-
flexed, longer than the small petals ; heads oblong or somewhat cylindrical ;
carpels pointed with a very short straight style. — DC pi-odr. 1. p. 40 ; Ell.
sk. 2. p. 63 ; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 19. R. Canadensis, Jacq. ic. rar.
1. t. 165. R. hispidus, Pursh ! fl. 2. p. 395.

Wet places, Maine ! Michigan ! New-York ! to Georgia. British America,
west to the Pacific. June-Aug. — Whole plant hispidly pilose. Stem stout
and erect, 1-2 feet high, branching. Flowers very small.

32. R. recurvatus (Poir.): erect; stem and petioles clothed with spread-
ing somewhat stiff" hairs; leaves 3-parted, villous with appressed hairs or
nearly glabrous; segments broadly oval, incisely toothed, the lateral ones
2-lobed ; calyx reflexed ; petals narroAvly oblong, shorter than the sepals
(sometimes abortive) ; heads ovate-globose ; carpels Avith a short hooked style.
—Poir. diet. 6. p. 123; Pursh, fl.2. p. 394; DC.prodr. 1. p. 39; Deless.
ic. 1. t. 41 5 Ell. sk. 2. p. 63 ; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 20. (in part.)

Ranunculus. RANUNCULACE.E. 23

(i. Nelsonii (DC.) : lobes of the leaves appoximatc ; pedicels approximate ;
pubescence of the pedicels apprcssed. Hook. I. c.

y. stem and leaves nearly glabrou?;. Honk. I. r.

6. stem and petioles retrorsely and hispidly pilose with reddish hairs ; pedi-
cels very short ; petals often abortive.

Shady rich soils, Labrador to Georgia! ,5. Oregon River, Dr. Scnulcr !

0. Unalaschka. )-. Oregon and Canada. May-June.— About a foot high.
Leaves 2-3 inches in diameter, the outline pentangular, all of them petiolate;
lobes dilated, coarsely toothed and incised. Flowers few, very small, on
short peduncles. Sepals oblong. Petals always shorter than the sepals, and
often scarcely half their length, pale yellow. Scale very conspicuous, cuneate,
bidentate at the summit. Carpels much compressed ; the beak very slender,
about half the length of the carpel.

33. R. Carolinianus (DC.) : stem erect, with a few slender branches,
hairy, the hairs on the lower part somewhat spreading, above appressed ;
radical leaves cordate, 3-lobed or 3-parted ; lobes ovate, subincised or cre-
nately toothed ; cauline ones 3-parted, Avith the lobes linear-lanceolate and
nearly entire ; sepals shorter than the oblong-obovate petals ; carpels few, con-
spicuously margined, with the beak broad and nearly straight.— />C'. syst.

1. p. 292. R. palmatus, Ell. sk. 2. p. 61. R. lanuginosus, Pursh, ji. 2. p.
294?

Pine-barren swamps, South Carolina, Elliott. West Florida, Dr. Chap-
man! April-May.— Stem 12-18 inches high, slender, the upper part pro-
ducing several long 1-flowered branches. Leaves scarcely more than an
inch in length and breath ; lobes rhombic-ovate, obtusely toothed. Flowers
about half an inch in diameter. Carpels 5-8, large, the margin almost
winged. — A very distinct species, allied to R. occidentalis, Nictt.j but easily
distinguished by the short nearly straight beaks of the carpels.

34. R. tomentosus (Poir.) : stem ascending, very villous with spreading
hairs, 1-2-flowcred ; leaves tomentose. petiolate, 3-cleft ; the upper ones ses-
sile, ovate, undivided ; calyx very villous, somewhat rcflcxed. DC. — Pair,
diet. 6. p. 127 ; DC. syst. 1. p. 292 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 264; Pursh, fi. 2. p. 394.

In South Carolina, Bosc. — Root fibrous-fasciculate. Stern short, as-
cending at the summit, densely clothed with soft spreading hairs. Leaves
3-cleft r segments 3-lobed, ovate, dentate, with the pubescence appressed.
Petals obovate, a little longer than the calyx. DC.—De Candolle remarks
of this obscure species that it resembles R. pubescens and R. Marilandicus.
He refers to it R. tomentosus of Pursh, whose specimen in Lambert's her-
barium is too imperfect for comparison. He also refers R. lanuginosus of
Pursh both to R. tomentosus and R. Carolinianus, noting it, in the latter in-
stance, with the mark (!); but we did not observe any Purshiau specimens
of that species in Lambert's herbarium. Is R. tomentosus, Poir. a variety
of R. repens ?

35. R. ienellus (Nutt.! mss.): " leaves somewhat hairy on the upper side,
the radical ones on long petioles, cordate, 3-5-cleft; the divisions 2-3-cleft,
acute ; those of the stem 3-parted or entire ; stem slender and someAvhat
spreading, smooth ; flowers minute ; carpels much compressed, smooth, with
a minute curved style.

" Shady woods of the Oregon and AVahlamet Rivers," Nuttall .'—Stem U
-2 feet high, nearly naked, almost filiform. Leaves an inch long.— FloAvers
as large as in R. sceleratus. Sepals hairy. Petals obovate, a little larger
than the sepals. Peduncles much elongated in fruit. Carpels 6-8, suborbicu-
lar ; the style slender and very short.

36. R. fascicularis (Muhl.): plant clothed Avith an appressed silky pubes-
cence; stem short, erect or spreading; leaves pinnately divided; segments

24 RANUNCULACEiE. Ranunculus.

oblong-obovate or cuneiform, pinnatifidly lobed ; calyx spreading, villous, half
the length of the petals; heads subglobose; carpels orbicular, tumid; style sub-
ulate, somewhat curved, nearly as long as the carpels.— Mu/i/. / cat. p. 56 ;
VC.prodr. 1. p. 40; Bigel. fl. Host. ed. 2. p. 226; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1.
p. 20. t. 8. / 1 ; JJarlingt. ! ji. Cest. p. 329.

Rocky woods, &c. Canada! to Pennsylvania! and Wisconsin! April-May.
— Root fascicled. Leaves variously divided, but the middle lobe always
petioled. Petals obovate or oblong (5-6-7 Hook.). Flowers as large as in
R. acris. Carpels glabrous, scarcely margined, minutely punctate, abruptly
terminated by a slender curved or nearly straight style (in our specimens),
or margined, the margin tapering upward into a recm'ved filiform style,
which is fiat and membranaceous at the base (Ilook.). — We have not seen
the carpels as they are described by Hooker; — nor is the style more than
slightly curved as represented in his figure.

37. R. Schlechtetidalii (Hook.): pilose with spreading hairs ; stem some-
what branching, short; leaves on long petioles, reniform-cordate, 3-parted;
lobes obovate, 3-cleft or laciniately divided; sepals- pUose, spreading, at
length reflexed, shorter than the petals ; style as long as the ovary. Hook,
fi. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 11. R. fascicularis, Schlecht. animad. hot. 2. p. 30. t. 2.
(Me Hook.)

Rocky Mountains, lai. 52°-55°. — A span high. Leaves somewhat hirsute,
ciliate, all except the uppermost cordate or reniform. Petals obovate.
Fruit not seen. Hook.

38. R. orthorhynchus (Hook.): hairy, with the hairs closely appressed ;
stem erect, slender, branching and nearly naked above ; radical leaves petiol-
ed, 3-foliolate ; leaflets linearly many-cleft, with white callous points ; calyx
reflexed ; carpels semi-ovate, compressed, strongly margined, shorter than the
nearly straight style. Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. ^. 21. ^. 9.

Low lands near rivers, Oregon, Douglas^ Nuttall ! — Stem 1-2 feet high,
sparsely hirsute. Leaves ternately pinnatifid, with the leaflets mostly pin-
natifidly divided ; segments linear or oblong. Flowers as large as in R. acris.
Sepals oval, half the length of the obovate petals. Carpels few and large,
glabrous.

39. R. bulbosus (Linn.): hairy; radical leaves petioled 3-foliolate and
somewhat pinnately divided ; leaflets 3-cleft, incisely toothed ; stem erect,
bulbous at the base; calyx reflexed, shorter than the sepals; carpels sub-
ovate, with a short acute recurved beak. — DC prodr. 1. ji. 41; Michx ! fl.
1. p. 321; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 392; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 331.

Fields and pastures; introduced from Europe. May. — Stem about a foot
high ; hairs appressed. Leaves variously cut. Peduncles sulcate. Petals
sometimes more than 5, deep yeUow, and shining. Carpels in a globose
head. — Butter-mps.

§ 3. Carpels tuherculate or aculeate-hispid. — Echinella, DC.

40. R. miiricatns (Linn.): leaves petioled, glabrous, somewhat orbicular,
mostly 3-lobed, the lobes coarsely toothed; stem sparingly pilose, erect or
diffuse ; calyx spreading, shorter than the petals ; carpels tuberculate-acule-
ate, margined, terminated by a strong, ensiform, straight or somewhat hook-
ed beak.— M/r/(,.r..'.^. 1. p. 321; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 395; Ell.sk. 2. p. 64;
Lam,, ill. t. 4:98 ; DC. prodr. (P. Carolinus) 1. p. 42.

Virginia to Louisiana ! May — July. Introduced '? — Leaves sometimes
undivided, sometimes cleft to the base ; floral ones oblong or lanceolate^
entire. Flowers small. Petals obovate, bright yellow.

Myosurcs. RANUNCULACEiE. 25

41. R. parviflorus (Linn.): villous; leaves somewhat orbicular, 3-lobed or
ternate ; stem subdocuinbent ; calyx equalling the petals, at hiii^th rellexed ;
carpels roundish, (granulated and hispid ; style short, straicht, or slightly
hooked. — DC. proflr. 1. ]>. 42. R. trachyspermus, Eli.! sk. 2. p. G5.

p. leaves 3-lobed, with the lobes iucisely and acutely toothed.

y. leaves cleft to the base or ternate ; leallets cuneiform, 3-lobed.

Virginia, North Carolina! /?. Georgia!). California, Dovgla.'i! — (J) ! Stem
6-15 inches high, slender. Leaves less than an inch in diameter. Flowers
small. Petals 3-4-5. Carpels with a thin acute margin ; beak scarcely one
third the length of the carpel.

X Doubtful species.

42. R. Ilornemanni (Schlecht.): leaves ternate, hirsute ; leaflets 3-lob"d ;
calyx reflexed, pilose; peduncles sulcate. DC. prodr. 1. p. 44; Schlecht.
animad. bot. 2. p. 36. — Allied to R, Philonotis. DC.

43. R. CJiiJensis (DC): stem procumbent, and with the petioles hispid;
leaves somewhat villous, roundish-cordate, 2-3-cleft; lobes coarsely dentate;
calyx very villous. DC. syst. 1. p. 286 ; Ilook. ^ Am. in bot. Beechey,p.
4. t. 3.

Cahfornia? Hook. ^ Am. (1. c.) The plant may have been introduced by
mistake among the Californiaa collections of Beechey's voyage.

44. R. sepientrionalis (Poir.) : smoothish ; leaves membranaceous, gla-
brous, 3-foliolate ; leaflets somewhat 3-lobed, incised, acute ; stem and base
of the petioles hirsute ; peduncles about 2-flowered; calyx reflexed. Poir.
diet. 6. p. 125 ; Pursh, fi. 2. p. 395.

De Candolle refers Poiret's plant to his R. Carolinianus ; but it can hardly
be that species.

R. Robini, Raf. Jl. Liidov.=K. Flammula.

R. meganthusj Raf. 1. c.

R. polypetaluSj Raf. 1. c.

R. leptopetalus, Raf. 1. c.

R. obtusiusculus, Raf.; DC. prodr. 1. p. 43.

6. MYOSURUS. DHL; Linn. ; DC. syst. 1. p. 231.

Sepals 5, produced downward at the base beyond their insertion. Petals
5 ; the claw filiform and tubular. Stamens 5-20. Achenia triquetrous, very
closely spicate on a much elongated torus. Seed suspended. — A minute
annual, with linear entire radical leaves. Scapes 1-flowered; flower mi-
nute.

M. minimus (Linn.) — DC. prodr. 1. p. 25; Ell. sk. I. p. 582. M.
Shortii, Raf. ! in Sill. jour. 1. p. 379 ; DC. I. c.

Rocky borders of the Wahlamet, Oregon: and in alluvial situations in
Arkansas, Nnttall ! Georgia and Louisiana, Z>r. /yeare??7/-or?/i .' Kentucky,
Short ! April. — Leaves 1-2 inches long, less than a line in breadth. Scape
1-4 inches high. Flowers pale yellow. Spike of carpels terete, tapering,
resembling the tail of a mouse : — hence its vulgar name-'Motise-tail.

4

26 RANUNCULACE^. Caltha.

7. CYRTORHYNCHA. Nutt. mss.

V

" Sepals 5, petaloid, narrow, spreading. Petals 5, narrow and unguiculate ;
the claAV nearly the length of the lamina, with a projecting scaly callosity
at its summit. Stamens rather numerous: anthers rounded. Stigmas ^hort
and subulate, strongly incurved. Achenia oblong-cylindrical, somewhat con-
spicuously grooved (not carinated), collected into a spheroidal head. Seed
suspended. — A small perennial herbaceous plant. Leaves mostly arising
from a short caudex, ternate and bipinnatcly divided. Panicle loose and cy-
mose. Calyx petaloid and, like the corolla, bright yellow. In the fruit it
resembles Thalictrum; in the flower, both Anemone and Ranunculus."

C. ranuncrdina (Nutt.! mss.)

" By the sides of gravelly brooks in the eastern range of the Rocky Moun-
tains, around the place known by the name of Independence Rock on the
banks of the Sweet Water of the Platte, but not further to the Avestward.
Flowers in June. — Caudex clothed with numerous brown vestiges of sheath-
ing petioles. The whole plant quite smooth. Leaves somewhat coriaceous
and shining ; radical ones on long petioles, the subdivisions pinnatifid ; la-
cinise entire or 2-3-toothed. Stem, or scape, about a span high, cymosely
branched above ; bearing at the lowest division a single sessile 3-parted
leaf, and at the upper divisions minute and undivided leaves. Sepals ob-
long-ovate, spreading but not reflexed. Petals somewhat longer than the
sepals, oblong, obtuse, very conspicuously narrowed beloAv into a long claw,
(almost like the nectaries of Coptis) ; the upper part of the claw thickened
bv a scale-like process. Stamens 20 or more : anthers adnate. Carpels
10-15, quite glabrous, cylindrical-oblong, grooved (as in Thalictrum). Stig-
ma subulate, shorter than the ovary, inflexed so as to be almost concealed
in the mature fruit."

Tribe III. HELLEBORES. DC.

Petals IrreQ-ular, often bilabiate or tubular, nectariferous, sometimes
wanting. Calyx petaloid. Anthers mostly extrorse. Carpels few
(rarely solitary), follicular, with several seeds.

8. CALTHA. Linn.; DC. sysi. 1. p. 306.

Sepals 6-9, petaloid. Petals none. Stamens numerous. Ovaries 5-10.
Follicles 5-10, compressed, spreading, many-seeded. — Perennial very gla-
brous herbs. Leaves cordate or reniform (rarely sagittate). — The North
American species belong to § 2. Populago, DC.

1. C. palustris (Linn.) : stem erect ; leaves suborbicular, cordate or reni-
form, obtusely crenate or nearly entire ; the lobes rounded ; sepals 5-6,
broadly oval. — DC. prodr. 1. p. 44; Micli.v. fl. 1. p. 324; Piirsh^ f. 2. p.
390; Darlingt.fl. Cest. p. 336.

/?. integerrima : leaves wholly entire ; floral ones sessile, obscurely cre-
nate, petals obovate. — C. integerrima, Pursh! Ji. 2. p. 390; DC. prodr. 1.
p. 45.

y. parnassifolia: stem 1-flowered, 1-leaved; leaves all petioled, broadly-
reniform, sharply toothed ; sepals elliptical. — C. parnassifolia, Raf. in med.

Trollius. RANUNCULACEiE, 27

rep. 2. p. 361 ; Nutt. gen. 2. p. 22. DC. prodr. 1. p. 45. C. ficarinides,
Pursh, fl. 2. p. 309. C. palustris /?. J3C. /. c? Ranunculus Ficaria, Mult.
Cav. p.' 1591

(5. flabelUfoHa: stem procumbent; leaves all petioled, broadly renifbrm,
the lobes widely spreading. — C. dcntata, Muhl cat. C. flabcllifolia, Pursh !
fl. 2. p. 390. /;

Swamps, Canada ! to South Carolina, and west to the Pacific ! April-
May. — Stem mostly erect, rather thick and succulent (in 6. more slen-
der), 6-10 inches high, corymbosely or dichotomously branched above (ex-
cept in y.). Radical leaves 2-4 inches broad, on petioles 3-8 inches or more
in length, crenatelv or acutely dentate, or quite entire. Flowers few, 1-1 i
inch in diameter (in S. smaller), pedunculate, bright yellow. Carpeh ob-
long, somewhat recurved, mucronate with the style ; the point at first in-
flexed, but at length nearly straight.

2. C. osarijolia (DC): stem nearly erect, 1-flowered ; leaves reniform-
cordate with the sinus obtuse, crenate ; sepals 6-7, oval. DC! .^tjst. 1. p.
309. (v. s. in herb. Lamb.)

Unalaschka and the Aleutian Isles. — Stem weak, longer than the leaves.
Leaves 12-15 lines long, 2 inchf^s broad ; those of the stem nearly ses-
sile. Sepals yellow, like those of C. palustris, but smaller. DC — Scarcely
more than a variety of C. palustris, and apparently identical with the var.
minor of De CandoUe.

3. C natans (Pallas): stem procumbent, floating; leaves reniform-cor-
date, crenate, Avith the lobes somewhat approximated, obscurely crenate to-
wards the base, toothed towards the summit; sepals oval; carpels with a
straight beak. DC. prodr. I. p. 45; Hook.jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 22.

Creeping on the surface of deep sphagnous swamps, in tne woody central
districts of British America, from Canada to lat. 60"; rare. Dr. Richard-
son.— Flowers white, not half as large as in C. palustris. Hook. Capsules
in a dense head ; anthers oval. R. Br.

4. C arctica (R. Brown): stem creeping; leaves reniform, repandly
crenate, obtuse; carpels (12-16) imbricated; stigma persistent, with the
apex rounded ; stamens 20 or more, with the anthers linear. R. Br. in
Parry\'i 1st voy. app. p. 265 ; Hook. f!. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 22.

Melville Island, and coast of the Arctic Sea. — Flowers yellow. Near C.
radicans, and by its creeping stem allied to C. natans. The latter hassmaller
leaves, white floAvers and oval anthers. — R. Br.

5. C leptosepala (DC): stem 1-leaved or naked, mostly l-flowered ;
radical leaves on long petioles, ovate-cordate, obscurely crenate ; sepals 8-10,
oblong; pistils 8-15. — DC! syst. 1. p. 310. (v. s. in herb. Lamb.);
Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 22. t. 10. C. sagittata, Torr. ! in ann. lye. New-
York, 2. p. 164. (excl. syn.)

North West America, and Rocky Mountains, south to lat. 40^ ! — A span
high. Scape? 1 -(rarely 2-) flowered, smaller than in C. palustris. Sepals Avhite.
Carpels 8-10, oblong. Styles none, or very short ; stigma obtuse, recurved.

6. C bijlora (DC): stem with a single leaf, 2-flowered ; radical leaves
petioled, reniform, crenate, with a very broad sinus ; sepals oblong. DC.
syst. 1. p. 310 ; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 22.

North West America. — Sepals rather acute, broader and shorter than in
the preceding species. Carpels 3-16, acuminate with the style. DC — Per-
haps, as Hooker intimates, not distinct from C leptosepala.

9. TROLLIUS. Linn.; DC. syst. 1. p. 311.
Sepals 5-10-15, deciduous, petaloid. Petals 5-20, small, 1-lipped, tubu-

28 RANUNCULACE^. Coptis

lar at the base. Stamens and ovaries numerous. Follicles numerous, ses-
sile, somewhat cylindrical, many-seeded. — Perennial glabrous herbs ; with
fibrous-fasciculate roots, and palmately divided leaves ; the segments many-
cleft.

1. T. laxus (Salisb.): sepals 5-6, spreading ; petals 15-25, shorter than
the stamens.— 5'a//.s-/>. in Linn, trans. S.p. 303 ; Pursh,f. 2. p. 391 ; Gray !
in Ann. ]yc. New-York, S.p. 222. T. Amcricanus, Miihl.! cat. p. 56'; DC.
prndr. I. p. 46 ; Ilook.Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 23.

Sphagnous swamps, Canada to Pennsylvania ! Delaware ! Eastern de-
clivity of the Rocky Mountains, lat. 52° and 55^, Drummond. May.-—
Plant 1-2 feet high, erect. Flowers twice as large as in Ranunculus acris.
Sepals ochroleucous with a tinge of green beneath. Petals minute, much
shorter than the stamens, deep orange-yellow. Carpels 8-15.

10. COPTIS. Salisb. in Linn, trans. S.p. 305.

Sepals 5-6, petaloid, deciduous. Petals 5-6. Stamens 15-25. Follicles
5-10 ; on long stipes, somewhat stellately diverging, membranaceous,
ovate-oblong, pointed with the style, 4:-S-seeded.— Herbs with radical, di-
vided, subcoriaceous leaves, and very slender extensively creeping roots.

§ 1. Petals very small, citcidlate-obconic. — Chryza, Raf.

1. C. trifolia (Salisb.): leaves 3-foIiolate ; leaflets cuneiform-obovate,
crenately and mucronately toothed, obscurely 3-lobed ; scape 1-floAvered. —
Salisb. I. c. ; Pursh,jl. 2. p. 390 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 47 ; Hook. ! f. Bor.-Am.
1. p. 23 ; Bigel. med. bot. 1. t. 5. Helleborus trifolius, Linn. ; Michx. fl.
1. p. 325. Chrysa borealis, Raf. in Desv. jour. bot. 2. p. 170.

Bogs, Greenland, and Labrador ! to Pennsylvania! North West America!
Sitcha! Unalaschka! May- June.— Roots consisting of long bright-yelloAV
fibres, intensely bitter. Leaves evergreen; leaflets about an inch long.
Scape slender, 3-5 inches high. Sepals 5-7, oblong, obtuse, white. Petals
much shorter than the sepals, yelloAv at the base. Carpels acuminated with
the persistent style. Seeds oblong, black and shining ; raphe very indis-
tinct, ■

§ 2. Petals and sepals linear^ co5«sm//ar.— Chrysocoptis, Kutt.

2. C. occ?V/e»to//5; leaves 3-foliolate; leaflets petiolulate, broadly ovate,
subcordatc, 3-lobed, incisely toothed ; scape short, 3-flowered.— Chrysocoptis
occidentalis, Nutt.! in jour. acad. Phil ad. 7. p. 9. t. 1.

Rocky Mountains, Mr. VVyeth /—Roots long and slender, bright
yellow, arising from a short thick rhizoma. Leaves sempervirent, dark green,
about an inch and a half long, and nearly of the same breadth. Flowers on
very short pedicels. Petals about 6, with claws, similar to the sepals and of
equal length, not hooded. Ovaries 8-10. Fruit not seen. A%«.— Habit and
leaves of C. trifolia: flowers near C. asplcnifolia. The scape probably
lengthens in maturity.

§ 3. Petals and sepals somewhat similar : petals dilated and cucullate
in the middle, longer than the sepaZs.— Pterophyllum, Nutt.

3. C. asplenifoUa (Salisb.): leaves bitemate; leaflets somewhat pinna-

Aqoilegia. RANUNCULACE^. 29

tifid, acutely serrate ; scape 2-Ho\vere(l ; sepals 5, linear-lanceolate, rettexed.
Sulisb. I. c. ; Purs/i, fl. 2. ]). :^91 ; Hook. ft. lior.-Am. 1. p. 23. ;. U.

North West America! Sitcha ! — Rhizoma thick, horizontal, branchin<T,
lhro\vin<^ ofl' lon^ blackish fibres. Scape at first shorter than the leaves, in
fruit elongated ; pedicels very Ion?. Flowers white. Petals 5, very long
and narrow, dilated and concave-cucullate in the middle, fililbrmly attenuated
upwards. Carpels with a very short point at the summit.

11. ENEMION. Raf. in jour. phys. (1S20) 2. p. 70.

Sepals 5, petaloid, deciduous. Petals none. Stamens 20-30. Ovaries
3-6 (mostly 4), 2-ovuled : style as long as the ovary : stigma glandular, re-
curved. Follicles 2-6, sessile, ovate, compressed, acuminate with the style,
2-5eeded. Seeds large, ovate, compressed, with a prominent cord-like raphe :
albumen oily. — A slender smooth herbaceous perennial. Leaves biternately
divided, with lobed membranaceous segments. Flowers white. Roots fi-
brous and grumous.

E. hiternatum (Raf.! 1. c.)—DC. prodr. 1. p. 48. Isopyrum thalic-
troides. Short I cat. pL Kentucky, 1. p. S; Hook ! in jour. hot. p. 187.
(note.)

Moist shady places, Kentucky, Dr. SJwrt ! Dr. Peter ! Indiana, Dr.
Clappf Arkansas, Dr. Pitcher ! Ohio, liidt I ell. May.— Root consisting
of a tuft of thick fibres, often grumous. Stems several, 6-10 inches high,
moderately branched. Radical leaves, and those on the lower part of the
stem, on long petioles, biternate : leaflets roundish, 3-lobed ; the lobes very
obtuse. Petioles auricled at the base. Flowers on filifomi peduncles which
are at length much elongated, temiinal, and axillary near the upper part ot
the stem, about three-fourths of an inch in diameter. Sepals obovate, obtuse,
white. Petals always wanting. Stamens half as long as the sepals : fila-
ments filiform: anthers ovate. Ovaries seldom less than 3, or more than 5,
ovate. Style someAvhat clavate ; nearly the upper half stigmatic on the
inner side. Carpels broadly ovate, marked with a few strong oblique veins,
spreading in a radiated manner and at length reflexed, acuminated with the
persistent style. Seeds nearly a line and a half in length, minutely pubes-
cent. Embiyo very minute.— This plant so greatly resembles Isopyrum
thalictroides, that without the fruit, it can only be distinguished by a close
examination.

12. AGIUILEGIA. Lin7i.; DC. syst. 1. p. 333.

Sepals 5, deciduous, colored. Petals 5, somewhat bilabiate ; the outer lip
large, flat and spreading ; inner one veiy small, produced at the base into as
many hollow spurs or horns, which descend between the sepals. Follicles 5,
erect, many-seeded, pointed with the style. — Perennial herbs Avith hi- or tri-
ternate leaves. Flowers teraiinal, scattered. Columbine.

1. A. Canadensis (Linn.): spur straight, longer than the limb; sepals
ovate or oblong, a little longer than the petals ; stamens and styles exserted.
—Michx. .' ft. 1. p. 316 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 50 ; Bot. mag. t. 246 ; Hook.!
ft. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 24 (in part) ; Bart. ft. Am. Sept. 1. t. 36.

0. hybrid a (Hook.): spurs incurved at the apex; styles shorter; flowers
purplish.- //oo/f. Z. c— "A. Canadensis /?. violacea; spurs nearly twice the
length of the petals." Nutt. ! mss.

30 RANUNCULACEiE. Delphinidm.

On rocks, Hudson's Bay to Gf orgia ; west to Missouri ! fi. Big Blue Ri-
ver of the Platte, Nuttall! Rocky Mountains, Drummnvd. May-July. —
Root fusiform. Stem 12-18 inches high, and Avith the leaves, glabrous.
Leaves commonly biternate ; leaflets cuneiform, crenately lobed. Flowers
pendulous, scarlet externally, yellow inside. Spurs about an inch long, swol-
len and callous at the extremity. Ovaries pubescent.

2. A. /orwosa (Fischer): spur straight, much longer than the limb; se-
pals lanceolate, acute, three times the length of the petals ; styles as long as
the sepals. — Finch, in DC. prodr. 1. p. 50. A. Canadensis, Bov^.! veg.
Sitcha. in viem. acad. St. Petersb. (6 se?:) 2. p. 124 ; Hook. ! jl. Bor.-Am.
1. p. 50. (in part.)

Oregon, Nuttall ! Dr. Scovler ! Sitcha and Unalaschka, Bongard ! —
This species much resembles A. Canadensis; but differs in the comparative
nakedness of the stem, the upper part of which is clothed with a few small
leaves. The flowers are larger, pubescent and brighter colored, and the se-
pals are nearly as long as the spurs.

3. A. ccBrulea TTorr.) : spurs straight, very slender, about twice as long as
the limb ; sepals rnomboid-ovate, acute, longer than the petals ; stamens and
style shorter than the corolla. — Torr. ! in ann. lye. New-York, 2. p. 164.
A. leptocera, Nutt. ! in joiirn. acad. Philad. 7. p. 9.

Rocky Mountains, lat'. 40 \ Dr. James ! Mr. Wyeth! June.— Stem about
a foot high, slender, glabrous. Leaves mostly radical, glaucous beneath ;
leaflets deeply cleft. Flowers somewhat solitary, large, bright blue (ochro-
leucous, Nutt.). Sepals narrow at the base. Petals very obtuse.

4. A. brevistyla (Hook.): someAvhat pubescent; spurs incun-ed, shorter
than the limb^ styles short, included; petals a little exceeding the stamens. —
Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 21. A. vulgaris? Richards, app. Frankl. jour,
ed. 2. p. 21.

Western parts of Canada, as far north as Bear Lake, Dr. Richardson. —
Stem and leaves as in A. vulgaris, but the flowers (Avhich are blue) only half
the size. Sepals ovate-lanceolate. Carpels one inch long, pointed with a
short style. — Near A. vulgaris and A. cserulea. Hook.

13. DELPHINIUM. Linn.; DC. syst. 1. p. 340.

Sepals 5, deciduous, petaloid, irregular; the upper one produced into a spur
at the base. Petals 4, irregular ; the 2 superior ones furnished with a spur-
shaped appendage at the base, inclosed in the spur of the calyx. Ovaries 1-5,
mostly 3. Follicles many-seeded. — Annual or perennial herbs Avith erect
branched stems. Leaves petiolate, palmately divided. FloAvers in terminal
raceixies, commonly blue. — Larkspur.

§ 1. Ovary solitary : petals united into one: inner spur of one piece:
annual. — Consolida, DC.

1. D. Consolida, (Linn.) : stem erect, someAA'hat glabrous, divaricately
branched ; floAvers few, in a loose raceme ; pedicels longer than the bracts ;
carpels smooth. DC. prodr. 1. p. 51 ; Pursh! fl. 2. p. 372.

" Near Staunton, and on dry hills near the South Mountain [Virginia] na-
tive." Pursh., in herb. Barton .'—In fields, and along road-sides ; introduced
from Europe, and almost naturalized. July.

Delphinium. RANUNCULACE^. 31

§ 2. Ovaries 3-5; petals not coherinsr^ the inferior ones 2-cleft : sprir
elongated: perennial. — Dt'lphinastrum, DC.

2. D. e.raltattim (Ait.): petioles not dilated at the base ; leaves deeply 3-
5-cleft ; lobes cuneiform, divaricate, 3-cleft, acuminate ; raceme strict ; spur
straii^ht, as long as the calyx; lower petals deeply 2-cleft, sparingly beard( d ;
with a minute spur-like process at the base of the claw. — Ait. Keic. (ed. 1.)

2. p. 2H; DC. prodr. 1. /;. 51 ; Pur.';h, fl. 2. p. 371 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 18 ;
Hook. ft. Bnr.-Ani. \. p. 25. D. tridaetykim, Michx.! Jl. 1. p. 314. D. ur-
ccolaturn, Jacq. ic. rar. 1. t. 91. (fide Hook.) D. alpmum, Waldst. and
Kit. 3. /. 246. (fide Hook.)

Canada to South Carolina! Kentucky, Short! Ohio, Eiddell. June-
Aug. — Stem 2—1 feet high, glabrous below, pubescent towards the summit.
Lower leaves 4-5 inches in diameter, about 5-cleft ; upper ones somewhat
3-parted, with the divisions incised and widely spreading; lateral ones 2-
lobed. Racemes, and outer surface of the sepals, canescent. Flowers bright
blue (sometimes white, Drummond). Sepals with a pubescent, yellowish,
longitudinal line externally. Limb of the upper petals entire. Carpels 3,
straight,

3. D. Californicum: petioles dilated at the base ; leaves palmately 3-5-
cleft ; divisions incisely 3-lobed; raceme strict, and Avith the flowers, pubes-
cent ; spur as long as the calyx, somewhat incurved ; limb of the superior
petals notched; lower ones 2-cleft, densely bearded on the inside ; the claw
furnished with a minute spur-like process at the base.

California, Douglas ! — Stem smooth below. Lower leaves deeply 5-cleft ;
the divisions cuneiform, 3-lobed ; segments of the upper leaves lanceolate,
divaricately lobed. Flowers as large as in D. exaltatum, pale blue ? Ovaries

3. Petals as long as the sepals.

4. D. tricorne (Michx.): petioles slightly dilated at the base ; leaves .5-
parted, with the divisions 3-5-cleft ; lobes linear, acutish ; petals shorter than
the sepals, the lower ones 2-cleft and bearded w:ithin; spur straight, as long
as the calyx, ascending. — Mich.r. ! Jl. 1. p. 314 ; Pvrsh ! Jl. 2. p. 371; DC.
prodr. 1. p. 54 ; Deless. ic. 1. t. 59 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 18.

Hills and woods, Pennsylvania! Virginia ! Louisiana and western States!
to Arkansas \ April-May. — Sparingly pubescent. Stem 6-18 inches high.
Root tuberous. Leaves with an orbicular circumscription. Raceme some-
what loose, 6-12-flowered. Flow^ers bright blue, sometimes white, pubescent.
Lower petals densely bearded ; claw slightly gibbous at the base. Carpels
3, ovate, spreading, reticulately veined.

5. D. Menziesii (DC.) : petioles slightly dilated at the base ; leaves 3-
parted; lobes 3-cleft, linear, entire; bracts 3-cleft; raceme strict; petals
bearded; spur straight, longer than the limb; root grumous. DC. syst. 1.
p. 355; Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 25; Bat. reg. t. 1192. D. simplex, Hook.
I.e.

fi. ochroleuca (Nutt.! mss.): "flowers pale yellow, the tips of the sepals
only blue."

Western coast of America ! from California to Kotzebue's Sound, and on
the plains of the Oregon ! down to the sea, (never in the shade of the forest,
Nutt.) 0. Open prairies and along the banks of the Wahlamet, Nuttall ! —
Root grumous and tuberous. Stem from a span to two or more {eet high,
nearly simple but sometimes paniculately branched, and as well as the
leaves, pubescent. Raceme elongated; rachis and pedicels velvety-pubes-
cent. Flowers (except in /?.) deep blue, marked externally Avith a hairy Hne.
— Near D. azureum.

32 RANUNCULACE.E. Delphinium.

6. D. azureum (Michx.): petioles slightly dilated at the base; leaves 3-
5-parted, many-cleft, with linear lobes; racemes strict; petals shorter than
the sepals ;the lower ones deeply 2-clcrt, densely bearded; claw hispid on one
side, the other side with a spur-lil<:e process at its base ; spur ascending.

a. leaves (and lower part of the stem) nearly glabrous; lower petals with
a yellowish pubescent line externaOy ; spur somewhat incur\-ed, longer than
the sepals; lobes of the lower petals somewhat obtuse; flowers azure. —
D. azureum, MicJix. ! fi. 1. p. 314 ; Piirsh, fl. 2. p. 371 ; DC. prodr. 1. p.
54; Deless. ic. 1. t. 60; Ell. sk. 2. p. 18. D. Carolinianum, Walt. Car. p.

135-

/?. canescently pubescent ; divisions of the leaves many-cleft; segments
all linear-subulate; flowers smaller, azure; spur incurved. — D. azureum,
Nutt. gen. 2. p. 14.

y. puberulent; segments of the upper leaves subulate; flowers ver}' pale
blue ; spur straight, about as long as the sepals ; lobes of the lower petals
narrow, acute, someAvhat divaricate.

S. stem densely velutinous; leaves minutely pubescent, with narrowly
linear or subulate segments; flowers pale blue; sepals with a brown pubes-
cent spot ; spur slightly curved ; lobes of the lower petals oblong, acutish.

e. minutely puberuleftt ; stem velutinous above ; leaves 3-parted. many-
cleft ; segments divaricate, very acute ; flowers large, greenish-white ; se-
pals with a brownish spot ; spur thick, somewhat curved.

Var a. North Carolina to Georgia! Texas, Dnimmond .' /?. Arkansas,
Nuttall ! y and S. Arkansas, JDr. Pitcher! 0. Lake Winnipeg, Dr.
Houghton !

7. D. viminenm (Don): petioles scarcely dilated at the base; leaves flat,
3-parted ; segments cuneifonn, obtuse, 3-lobed, mucronulate, uppermost ones
linear, undivided or 3-parted ; racemes loose, velvety ; limb of the inferior
petals bifid at the summit; spur straight, as long as the sepals; ovaries silky.
Don in Sweefs Brit.Ji. gard. ^.374; Hook.! in hot. mag. t. 3593.

Velasco, Texas, Drummond! July-Aug. — Stem 1-3 feet high, slightly
branched, slender. Leaves all petiolate ; the seginents narrow. Flowers
middle sized, bright azure. Sepals oblong, rather obtuse, with a callous pro-
tuberance near the middle. "Upper petals resembling the carina of a papilio-
naceous flower. Lower petals with the limb spreading, purple, trifid, beard-
ed with a tuft of yellow hairs." Hook. — In our ;?pecimens of what we con-
sider to be this species, the lower petals are not bearded. The plant seems
to be nearly allied to D. azureum.

8. D. virescens (Nutt.) : pubescent ; petioles scarcely dilated at the base ;
leaves 3-5-parted, the middle division mostly undivided, lateral ones 2-3-
cleft; lobes lanceolate; raceme loose, few-flowered; sepals oblong or lanceo-
late; spur longer than the sepals, ascending; lower petals deeply 2-cleft;
claw gibbous at the base. — Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 14; DC. prodr. 1. p. 53.

Plains of Missouri and Arkansas, Nuttall ! North Carolina, Schiceim'tz !
Georgisi, Le Conte! .Tune.— Stem 8-12 inches high. Raceme simple. Pe-
dicels longer than the flowers. Bracts subulate. Flowers large, yellowish
or greenish white, minutely pubescent. Sepals marked with a brownish
spot near the apex, much longer than the petals. Spur straight or somewhat
incurved. Lower petals rather densely bearded. Ovaries 3.

9. D. variegatum : pubescent ; petioles dilated at the base ; leaves 3-
parted ; divisions cuneiform, many-cleft, with the lobes bnear and rather ob-
tuse ; raceme few-flowered ; spur scarcely as long as the sepals ; lower petals
orbicular-ovate, 3-lobed, Avith the middle lobe small, sparingly bearded.

California, Douglas ! — Stem 1-2 feet high, sulcate. Raceme strict, nearly
simple. Lower bract 3-cleft. Sepals deep violet-blue, somewhat pubescent

Delphinium. RANUNCULACE.^3. ^3

externally, obovate-oblong, obtuse, longer than tlic thick straight spur. Ujiprr
petals yellow (often tipped with blue), eniarginate: lower ones sparinu'ly
bearded on the inner surface and niar;t(ins, waved, unequally 3-k)bed, the
central lobe small and blue; one of the lateral lobes blue, the otlier yellow;
claw with a small spur-like process at the base.

10. D. hicolor (Mutt.): pubescent; petioles somewhat dilated at the ba'^e;
leaves digitately 5-parted ; lobes 3-5-cleft; divisions linear, short, rather
acute; raceme lax, few-flowered, the pedicels elongated and spreading; spur
rather slender, as long as the sepals ; lower petals broadly obovate, entire,
sparingly bearded. — Niitt. ! in jour, acctd. P/iilad. 7. p. 10.

Dry lulls near Flat-Head River, towards the southern sources of the Oregon,
Mr. Wijetli ! and in open plains on the sources of the Platte, Nulla II ! April.
— Stem about a span high. Leaves about 3, near the base of the stem, the
circumscription reniform; divisions short and radiating, slightly pubescent.
Lower bracteal leaves deeply 3-5-parted, with nearly undivided segments. tSe-
pals large, deep violet-blue, oblong-ovate. Upper petals yellow veined with
blue. Spur curved a little downward ; claw of the lower petals Avithout a
spur at the base. Carpels 3.

11. D. 2i(iucij!orum (Nutt.l mss.) : "somewhat hirsutely pilose ; petioles
scarcely dilated ; leaves reniform, lobes bitid or trifid, linear and entire;
bracts simple minute ; raceme 3-5-{lowered ; spur subulate, straight, about

the length of the oblong acutish^«*si* ; stigmas and styles smooth; root *t-/»*tS
grumous.

" Rocky Mountains and Blue Mountains of the Oregon. — Scarcely a foot
high, slender ; the lower part and the stem more or less minutely and roughly
pubescent. Leaves nearly smooth on the upper surface ; two or three divided
ones on the stem, the uppermost beneath the flowers simple. Flowers 2-3,
large, blue. Lower petals with a central line of pubescence ; upper ones
hirsute externally. Carpels pubescent." Nittt.

12. D. (lepauperatum (Nutt. ! mss.) : "lower part of the stem (and leaves)
glabrous ; upper part and the carpels densely villous ; petioles scarcely dilated ;
leaves reniform, o-parted; the lobes 2-3-cleft, oblong and rather broad; bracts
simple, minute ; rajcyiJI'- 1-5-flowered ; spur subulate, straight, longer than
the oblong obtuse ^e4«fe>; stigmas and styles pubescent; root grumous.

" In the shade of pine woods in the Blue Mountains of the Oregon. — Stem
very slender, simple, about 2-leaved. Leaves scarcely an inch in diameter, the
lower one glabrous, with broad simple segments ; upper ones smaller, with
narrow linear segments. Upper part of the stem and carpels minutely villous.
Petals shorter than the spur ; lower ones hairy. Flower often solitary, deep
blue ; upper petals yellowish." Nutt.

13. D. niidicaule: leaves all radical, on short petioles, 3-parted; lobes obo-
vate-cuneiform, the lateral ones 2-lobed, terminal one somcAvhat 3-lobed ;
scape racemose, loosely flowered ; pedicels elongated ; spur straight, longer
than the broadly ovate sepals ; upper petals a little exceeding the calyx, lower
ones 2-cleft, with a minute spur-like process at tjie base.

California, Douglas '. — Scape 12-18 inches high, glabrous, 10-12-flowered.
Pedicels elongated, spreading, 2-4 inches long, above the bracteoles pubescent.
Bracts subulate, very small. Bracteoles minute, seated above the middle of
the pedicels. Flowers (in dried specimens) purplish-red. Sepals obtuse or mu-
cronate. Lower petals smooth on both sides ; margin sparsely fringed ; upper
ones emarginate. Spur thick. Carpels 3, recurved-spreading, reticulately
veined, pubescent.

t D elegans{DC. syst. 1, p. 355.) was described from specimens transmitted by
Delile from Elgin Botanic Garden, New-York, li is known to be an introd"''»d
plant, and is therefore left out of our Florn.

5

34 RANUNCULACEiE. Aconitum.

14. ACONITUM. Linn. ; DC. syst. 1. p. 364.

Sepals petaloid, irregular, deciduous ; the upper one (galea) large, vaulted.
Petals 5; the 3 lower ones minute, often converted into stamens; the 2 upper
on long claws, expanded into a sac or short spur at the summit, concealed
under the galea. Follicles 3-5, many-seeded.— Perennial herbs. Leaves pal-
raately divided.

1. A. uncinalnm (Linn.) : panicle rather loosely (lowerrd, with diverging
branches; galea obtusely conic, compressed, with an obtuse beak; spur
thick, inchned ; leaves deeply 3-lobed.— Mc/to:. '. Ji. 1. ;>. 315; Bot. mag. t.
1 119 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 60 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 20.

Mountains, in wet places, New-Yom (Chenango county, Le Covte.')&
Pennsylvania! to Georgia ! June-July. — Root tuberous. Stem flexuous, slen-
der (climbing. Ell.). Leaves truncate at the base, coarsely toothed : lateral
segments often 2-lobed. Flowers blue, as large as in A. NapeUus. Ovaries
3-5, villous.

2. A. Nap('llii,<} (L\nx\.) — 0. delphinifoUvm (Seringe): flowers racemose,
with the peduncles elongated ; galea semicircular ; sac somewhat conic, with
a short inchned spur; ovaries 4-6; lobe^ of the leaves pinnatifid; lobules
undivided. Scringe, mus. Helv. 1. p. 159; DC. prodr. \.p. 63 ; Bong. !
veg. Sitcha,l. c. p. 124. A. delphimfoUum, var. Americanum, DC. syst. 1.
p. 380 ; Beichenb. aconit. t. 9.

North West America, Sitcha ! and north to Kotzebue's Sound ; Rocky
Mountains. — Flowers deep blue.

3. A.na.mtmn (Fisch. mss.) : petals erect, with the spijj arcuate ; ga-
lea conical, prone; spur descending ; raceme someAvhat panicled ; divisions
of the leaves rather broad. Hook. Ji. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 26. A. Fischeri,
jReichenb. aconit. t. 22. (fide Hook.)

Near the source of the Wallawallah River, in the Blue Mountains of Ore-
gon, Douglas.— A native also of Kamtscatka, Siberia, and the south of Eu-
rope.

4. A. Columbionum. (Nutt. ! mss.): "petals erect, with the spur ar-
cuate; galea narrow and oblong ; beak small and acutely projecting ; stem
attenuated ; panicle small and racemose ; leaves palmate, 5-7-cleft ; seg-
ments rhombic-ovate, acute, incisely and sharply toothed; petioles very
short.

" Springy places on the Oregon, below Wallawallah. — Plant glabrous ex-
cept towards the summit^ about 3 feet high, attenuated and leafy. Flowers
small, pale dull blue, hairy. Galea narrower than the other sepals, with a
prominent acute beak. Lateral sepals very unequal." Nntt.—'Y\\is may be,
as Mr. Nuttall suspects, not distinct from tlie preceding species.

X Doubtful species.
A. pallidum (Nutt.) — Loudon^s hort. Brit, suppl. p. 482.

Tribe IV. CIMICIFUGEiE.

Subord. Cimicifugese, Am.

Sepals petaloid, caducous. Petals (or rather dilated sterile filaments,
or staniinodia) 3-6. Anthers introrse or innate. Carpels few, some-

CiMiciFUGA. RANUNCULACE.E. 35

times solitary, raroly numerous, follicular or baccate, with several
seeds, sometimes indehiscent and l-seeded. — Flowers occasionally by
abortion unisexual.

15. ACT^A. Linn.; Juss. gen. p. 22b; Fischer «f Meyer,
ind. sem. St. Petersb. 1835.

Sepals 4-5. Petals (or staminodia) 4-8, spatulate. Stamens numerous,
anthers introrse. Stigma capitate, sessile. Carpels solitary, baccate, many-
seeded. Seeds compressed, smooth, horizontal. — Perennial herbs. Leaves
2-3-ternately divided j segments incisely serrate. Flowers in simple ra-
cemes, white.

1. A. rubra (Bigel.) : raceme ovate; pedicels longer than the flower,
scarcely any thicker in fruit ; petals rhombic-ovate, acute, shorter than the
stamens; fruit subovate (red). — Bigel.! fi. Botit. eel. 2. p. 211; Iliok. fl.
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 27 ; Fiavh. t^ Mey. I. c. p. 20. A. Americana a. rubra, Ptirsh,
J1. 2. p. 366. A. brachvpetala /^. rubra, DC. prodr. 1. jy. 65. A. spicata <i'
rubra, Mich. v.! Ji. 1. //. 308.

Rocky woods, Hudson's Bay to Pennsylvania! west to the Rocky Moun-
tams. May. — Stem about two feet high, " leafless and scaly at the base "
Fisch. <^ Mey. Leaves ternately decompound ; leaflets ovate, acuminate
1-2 inches long, unequally and incisely serrate ; the terminal one often 3-clelt.
Raceme 20-4d-flowered, broadly ovate or hemispherical. Sepals 4, greenish,
ovitte. Petals sometimes 8 or 10, minute. Berries bright cherry -red shin-
ing, about 16-seeded, on pedicels half an inch in length, and not one-fourth
as thick as the peduncle.

2. A. alba (Bigel.) : raceme oblong; pedicels as long as the floAver, much
thickened in fruit ; petals oblong, truncate at the apex, shorter than the
stamens ; fruit roundish-ovate (white). — Bigel. I. c. ; Hook. I. c; Finch. &■
Mey. I. c. A. Americana /?. alba, Pursh, Ji. 2. p. 336. A spicata /?. alba,
3fich.7\ I. c. A. brachvpetala a &, S. DC. prodr. 1. p. 65. A. pachvnoda'
Ell. sk. 2.p.l5.' f n ,

Rocky woods, Canada! to Georgia, west to the Mississippi. May. — Re-
sembles the preceding very much in its foliage and inflorescence. "Stem
leafy at the base," Fisch. cf Meyer. Petals often 2-toothed at the apex.
Pedicels of the flowers nearly as thick as the peduncle, at length i-1 inch
long, spreading, red. Berry one-fourth of an inch in diameter, 8-12-seeded
milk-white and often tipped with purple. — Very near A. spicata of Europe.

3. .4. arguta (Nutt. ! mss.): "raceme oblong, sometimes divided to-
wards the base, loose ; pedicels longer than the flowers, filiform, scarcely
thickened in fruit ; petals oblong, oljtuse, shorter than the stamens ; fruit
subglobose, (red); leaflets doubly and incisely serrate.

"Woods of the Oregon and its tributary streams. — A much larger plant
than A. rubra, with smaller dark red berries, and more deeply serrated
leaflets. Low^er pedicels H inch in length." Nutt.

16. CIMICIFUGA. L;';???. amain. 7. p. 435 ; Juss. gen. p. 234,

Cimicifuga, Actinospora, & Botropliis, Fisch. (^ Meyer.

Sepals 4-5. Petals (or rather staminodia) 3-5, concave or unguiculate
sometimes by abortion fewer or none. Stamens numerous: anthers introrse.
Style short : stigma simple. Carpels 1-8, follicular, many-seeded. — Peren-

36 RANUNCULACEiE. Cimicifcq

nial herbs. Leaves 2-3-ternately divided ; segments incisely serrate.
Flowers in virgate racemes, white.

§ 1. Monogynoxis : carpels suhglobose: seeds compressed^ smooth^ hori-
zontal: staminodia several, very small, with long claws. — Macrotys,
Raf. (Botrophis, Raf. ; Fisch. f Meyer.)

1. C. racemosa (Ell.): racemes very long; leaflets ovate-oblong, incisely
toothed; staminodia slender, 2-forked.— £//. sk. 2. p. 16. C. serpentaria,
Pur.^h, ft. 2. p. 372. Actaa racemosa, Linn.; Michx. ! ft. 1. p. 308; DC.
prodr. i. p. 64; HooTi. ji. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 27. A. monogy'na, Walt. Car. p.
151. Macrotys actaoides, Raf. in Desv. jour. hot. 2. p. 170. Botrophis
serpentaria, Raf. med. Ji. 1. p. 85. B. acta^oides, Fisch. ^ Meyer, I. c.

Woods, Canada! to Georgia! and Western States. July. — Root thick
and knotted, with long fibres. Stem 3-8 feet high, glabrous, furrowed,
leafy near the middle. Leaves 3-ternate: leaflets 2-3 inches long. Ra-
cemes branching, 6-12 inches long: pedicels 3-4 lines in length, bracteate.
Flowers very fetid. Sepals caducous, greenish-white, concave. Stamino-
dia 4-8 ! Carpels globose-ovate, glabrous. Seeds 7-8, compressed and
angular as in Actsa. — De CandoUe states that the flowers are sometimes
digynous ; but we have never observed more than a single ovary in a flower.

§ 2. Di-octogynous {rarely monogynous): follicles pod-shaped: seeds
flat, vertical, echinate with little scales : staminodia several, spatidate,
or concave and nectariferous at the base ; rarely none. — Cimicifuga,
Fisch. & Meyer.

2. C. cordifolia (Pursh) : leaves biternate ; leaflets broadly cordate, 3-5-
lobed ; ovaries 1-3, glabrous ; petals spatulate, bifid ; follicles oblong, sessile.
— Pursh, JI. 2. p. 373 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 17. (excl. syn.) ; Fisch. ^ Mey. I. c. ;
Bot. mag. t. 2069. C. Americana, MuM. ! cat. ed. 2. p. 54. Actaa cordi-
folia, DC. prodr. 1. p. 64.

Shady woods on his:h mountains of Carohna, Pursh, Muhlenberg! —
About 3 feet high. Leaflets inequilateral, large. Racemes paniculate, elon-
gated, glabrous. Sepals 5, nearly orbicular. Petals 2-3 (or none), cleft
nearly one-third their length ; the segments obtuse and thickened. FolHcles
about three-fourths of an inch long, acuminate with a short hooked beak.
Seeds 8-10, oblong, thickly invested with brown chaff'y scales.

3. C. elata (Nutt. ! mss.) : " leaves bhemate ; leaflets cordate, lobed, in-
cisely toothed, pubescent beneath ; ovaries 2-3, glabrous ; petals none ; fol-
licles oblong, sessile."— C. foetida, Pursh, fl. 2. p. 373?

" Shady woods of the Oregon.— Much taller than C. cordifoha (6-8 feet
high), with the leaves smaller, thinner, and more distinctly lobed. The
flowers smaller and rather distant, instead of being crowded." iVM«.— Ra-
cemes short and paniculate, as in C. foetida; while in C. cordata they are
elongated, as in C. racemosa. The petals seem to be always wanting in C,
elata.

4. C. Americana. (Michx.) : leaves triternate ; segments ovate ; the ter-
minal 3-parted or 3-cleft, incisely lobed, cuneiform or subcordate at the
base ; ovaries 2-5, stipitate, glabrous ; petals concave, sessile, nectariferous
at the base, 2-lobed ; foflicles obovate, on slender stipes.— il//c/?.-i\ .' /. 1. p.
316 ; Fisch. (f- Mey. I. c. C. podocarpa. Ell. sk. 2. p. 16. Actaa podocarpa,
DC. prodr. l.p. 64 ; Deless. ic. 1. t. 66. A. pentacarpa, Michx..' herb.

High mountains of North Carolina, Michaux ! Mr. Curtis! Pennsylva-
nia and Virginia, Mr. J. McXab .'—About four feet high, glabrous. Leaflets

THALicTRnM. RANUNCULACEiE. 37

2-4 inches long, thin, coarsely serrate and incised ; the serratures mucro-
nate. Panicle (in fruit) nearly 2 feet long. Flowers smaller than in C ra-
ceinosa, on short bracteate pedicels ; the upper ones often with but 2 or 3
ovaries. Sepals 5. !'?etals resenii)ling those of C. foctida, l)ut smaller, and
more distinctly 2-lob'>d. Follicles very obtuse, scarcely beaked ; the j)ersis-
tent slender style siibterminal. Seeds 6-8, oblong, with long light-colored
chaff.

17. TRAUTVFiTTERIA. Fisch. f Meyer, ind. sem. St. Petersb.

1835, p. 22.

Sepals 4-5. Pf;tals or sterile filaments none. Stamens numerous : an-
thers introrse. Carpels 15-20, membranaceous and indchiscent, 3-carinate,
l-seeded, tipj)ed vnth the very short hooked style. Seed erect. — Perennial
herbs. Leaves palmately lobed. Stems simple or branching above. In-
florescence cyraose.

1. T. pahnata (Fisch. &. Meyer) : leaves slightly coriaceous, with
conspicuous reticulated veins ; cvme mostly compound. — Cimicifuga pal-
mata, Mirh.v. ! fi. 1. p. 316; Pursh, Ji. 2. p. 373 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 17. Actsea
pahnata, DC. fiyst. 1. p. 383 ; Bat. mag. t. 1630. Thalictrum ranunculinum,
Muhl. in Willd. enuni.7 Hydrastis, Lam. ill. t. 500; Pair, suppl. 3.
p.l\.

a. lobes of t.he leaves incisely lobed and serrate.

/?. lobes of the upper leaves lanceolate, serrulate.

Along stre ams and mountain rivulets. North Carolina! to Tennessee! P.
Kentucky, — Short! July— Aug. — Stem 2-3 feet high. Leaves 2-3, large,
5-9-lobed (t'le lowest on a long petiole), with smaller sessile ones subtending
the branches of the cyme. Cyme fastigiate, nearly simple or much branched,
diehotomously corymbose, loosely flowered: pedicels ebracteate. Sepals or-
bicular, concave (the veins arranged after the same manner as in the leaves).
Achenia utriculate, small, gibbous on the back, carinate, als.o with 2 lateral
ribs. Seed very small.

2. T. grandis (Nutt. ! mss.): "leaves membranaceous, the veins scarcely
prominent; cyme nearly simple. — Cimicifuga palraata, Hook. Ji. Bor.-Am. 1.
p. 26.

" Shady i 70ods of the Oregon. A taller and larger plant than the preced-
ing, with th inner, more acuminate, sharply and deeply toothed leaves. The
flowers are also larger." Nuit. — Perhaps scarcely distinct: the more mem-
branaceous leaves may be owing to the shady situations.

18. THALICTRUM. Linn.; DC. syst. 1. p. 168.

Sepals 4, rarely 5. Petals none. Stamens numerous : anthcxs innate.
Carpels (ichenia) 4-15, pointed with the style or stigma, sulcate or ribbed,
sometime s inflated. Seed suspended. — Perennial herbs. Leaves 2-3-ter-
nately di /ided. Flowers corymbose or paniculate, often dioGcious or polyga-
mous, gr aenish, white, or yellow.

* Carpels inflated or stipitate : sepals caducous.

/

1. T. clavalum (DC): floAvers perfect (moncEcious, DC); filaments

clavate • anthers elliptical, pointless ; carpels compressed, not striate, stipi-

38 RANUNCULACE^. Thalictrum.

tate, when old inflated, longer than the style ; lea-\-es triternate ; leaflets
suborbicular, crenately lobed, glabrous, glaucous beneath.— floo/c. fi. Bor-
Am. l.p.2; DC. 1. syst.! p. 171; Deless. ic. 1. t. 6.

Sandhills of Portage La Loche, lat. SC, Dr. Eichardson ; Canada?
Mkkaux. (v. s. in herb. mus. Paris.)— Plant. l-U loot high. Leaflets as large
as in T. dioicum. Panicle few-flowered, loose ; pedicels long. Flowers
erect. Stamens foAV, as long as the sepals. Filaments conspicuously dilated.
Ovaries 8-10 (//«o/f.) (5-6, DC.) ovate gibbous; the persistent style ^ the
leno-th of the ovary. Hook. This plant was described by De Candolle Irom
specimens in the herbarium of Michaux. The locaUty is not recorded, nei-
ther is the plant described in Michaux's Flora. Hooker asks whether it
may not be a state of T. dioicum ; but that species has remarkably slender and
scarcely dilated filaments, and linear mucronate anthers.

2. T.JiUpes: polygamous (?) : carpels semi-obovate, compressed, striate,
each on a slender stipe, nearly its own length, acute ; style none ; leaves
biternate ; petiolate ; leaflets roundisli, obtusely 3-5-lobed, ^laucous beneath.

Linville, North Carolina, Mr. Chirtis !—V\d.i\i 2 feet or more in height,
very smooth. Leaves thin, on petioles an inch long, exstipellate. Panicle
corymbose, loose and capillary. Flowers not seen. Carpels 4-6, widely
spreading, membranaceous, marked Avith several prominent branching veins,
acute, and tipped with a minute stigma, but not rostrate ; the base tapering
into a long almost capillary stipe. Seed much smaller than the cavity.— This
species, the flowers of which we have not seen, is nearly related to T. clava-
tum ; but differs in the veined carpels, the entire absence of the style, and the
long slender stipe.

** Carpels ovate or oblong, ribbed, sessile or slighily stipilatc : sepals caihicous.

• '" 3. T. dioicum (Linn.): very glabrous, dioecious or polygamous ; filaments
"' filiform ; anthers linear, elongated, mucronate ; leaves on short petioles, ter-
nately decompound ; leaflets rounded, crenately and obtusely lobed, glaucous
beneath ; peduncles as long as the leaves ; carpels oblong, sessile, strongly
ribbed twice the length of the slender curved style.— />C.^ro(?r. 1. p. 12 ;
Pursll ! f. 2. p. 3SS; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 3. T. tevigatum, Mich.r.!
fl. 1. p. '222. T. purpurascens ! (excl. syn.), rugosura, 6c Carohnianum,
'DC. I.e. . .

/? 7 stipitatnm. : carpels conspicuously stipitate.

Rockv woods, Mackenzie's River, lat. 67=', to the mountains of S. CaroUna I
and west to Oregon ! P. Table Mountain, N. Carohna, Mr. Curtis ! April-
May .—Stem 1-2 feet high. Common petioles an inch or mor- in length.
Leaflets about three-fourths of an inch in diameter, commonly somewhat 3-
lobed ; the lobes crenate-toothed. Panicles loose, 15-20-flowered. Sepals 4-
5 oval, obtuse, often purple. Filaments much longer than the sepals, alniost
capillary and nearly of the same thickness throughout ; anthers yellowish.
Fertile flowers with 6-8 stamens. Ovaries 6-10.— The variety k we have
only seen in fruit. The stipes are more than half the length of the strongly-
ribbed carpels ; and the persistent style is as long as the stipe. In other
respects the resemblance to T. dioicum is very striking.— T. purpurascens,
DC. is referred to this species; but we are not certain that his plant is the
same as that of Linnaeus.

/' 4. T. CornuH (Linn.) : dicEcious or polygamous ; filaments su-^clavate ;
anthers oblong, obtuse; leaves sessile (the petiole divided to the bise), ter-
nately decompound ; leaflets round ish-obovate or elliptical, 3-lobed, whh the
lobes rather acute, glaucous or pubescent beneath ; peduncles longer than
the leaves ; carpels subsessile, ribbed, twice as long as the style ; stigma
linear.— Linn. sp. p. 768 ; Pursh ! fl. 2. p. 388 ; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p.

Thalictrum. RANUNCULACE.E. 39

3, t. 2. T. pubescens, Pursh ! I. c. T. revolutum ! &, T. corynellum,
DC. prodr. 1. p. 12. T. polygainurn, JMiiht. ! cat. ed. 2. p. 56. T. ru^o-
suin, Ail. Ki'W. {ed. 1.) 1. p. 2G2. T. purpurascons, Pitrsh ! in herb. Bart.
T. rugo.suiu & Cumuli, JJurlingt. ! Ji. (.'est. p. '.V3L

Banks of rivers and in wet meadows, Canada (lat. 5G ) to Georgia;
Western States! June-July. — Stem 3-6 ft-et liigh, branching. Leaves very-
large, always sessile ; divisions of the petiole elongated. Leaflets variable
in size, form, and pubescence, ovate, elliptical, or roundish ; often cordate at
the base, but sometimes cuneifonn ; the veins scarcely prominent, or eleva-
ted and rugose ; margin commonly revolute. Panicle compound. Sepals
white, oblong, small. Filaments more or less clavate ; anthers somethaes
linear-oblong and slightly pointed. Carpels glabrous, about o lines long.

• -^ 5. 7'. alpinum (Linn.): Mowers perfect, in a simple raceme, nodding;
filaments tiliform ; anthers oblong-linear ; stem simple, nearly naked ; leaves
biternate; leaflets glabrous ; stigma linear; carpels ovate, sessile. — Linn. sp.
p. 767 ; DC. si/st. 1. p. 175.

Canada, Kabn ; Island of Anticosti, Pursh! (v.s. in herb. Shepherd);
Newfoundland, Banks ; Greenland, Hornemann.—^Piant scarcely a span
high. Leaves mostly radical, petiolate ; leaflets about one-third of an inch
Jong, roundish, subcoriaceous, crenately toothed. Stem scapiform. Raceme
6-10-tiowered : pedicels slender. Sepals 4, oblong. Ovaries few : styles
almost wanting : stigmas thick and pubescent. — The American plant exactly
resembles our specimens of T. alpinum from the North of Europe.

*** Sepals petaloid, not caducmis, longer than the stamens : root grumous.

./ 6. T. anemonoides (Michx.) : root fasciculately tuberous ; flowers few,
umbellate ; floral leaves involucriform ; radical ones biternate. — Michx. ! fi.
I. p. 322; DC. prodr. I. p. 15; Hook.Jl. Bar. -Am. 1. ^. 4 ; Juss. ami.vms.
3. p. 249. t.2\. f. 2 ; Darlingt. ! ji. Cest. p. 333. Anemone thalictroides,
Linn.; Pursh, Ji. 2. p. 387; Bart. Ji. Am. Sept. 2. t. 44 ; Bot. mag. t.
866.

Canada! to N. Carolina !&. Western States ! April-May. — Root composed
of 4-6 clavate tubers. Radical leaves on long petioles : cauline leaves 1-3,
sessile, trifoliolate, verticillate ; leaflets petiolulate, roundish, obtusely 3-5-lob-
ed. Stems 4-8 inches high, commonly several from one root. Peduncles
3-6, one-flowered, 1-2 inches long. Flowers nearly an inch in diameter. Se-
pals 6-10, elliptical, white, sometimes slightly tinged with purple. Fila-
ments filiform, or somewhat clavate: anthers oblong. Ovaries 6-10: style
none: stigma simple. Carpels oblong, acute, prominently ribbed, substipitate.
— "Habit and frondescence of Isopyrum, with the inflorescence of Ane-
mone, and the fruit of Thalictrum." DC.

In the herbarium of the late Rev. L. D. von Schweinitz are specimens of a Tha-
lictrum, which may be distinct from any of the preceding ; but for want of the fruit,
it is here recorded only as a provisional species.

7. T. 7wrZi^«(iZc (Schwein. mss.) : flowers perfect (or polygamous 1) ; filaments
somewhat clavate ; anthers oblong, obtuse ; leaf solitary, radical, on a long petiole,
biternate, leaflets membranaceous, roundish, obtusely lobed, subcordatc; stem slen-
der, nearly naked (tall), the summit a little branched, and bearing several 3-foliolate
leaves and a small few- (4-8) flowered panicle ; stigma simple, sessile.

On rocks, Patrick county, Virginia, and on the Yadkin River, North Carolina,
Schweinitz ! — Stem 2 feet high. Leaflets glabrous, about three-fourths of an inch
long. Cauline leaves at the summit of the stem, very small. Panicle as long as the
leaves. Flowers very small. Sepals 4-5, greenish, oblong. Ovaries 4-6, subses-
sile, ovate, acute, pointed with the small simple stigma.

40 RANUNCULACEi53. Hydrastis.

19. ZANTHORHIZA. Marsh, arb.; Lam. ill. t. 854; DC. sijst. 1. p. 386.

Sepals 5. Petals 5, of 2 roundish lobes raised on a pedicel. Stamens 5-
10. Ovaries 5-10, pointed with the styles, 2-3-ovuled. Follicles small,
mostly 1-seeded. Seed suspended. — Suffrutescent : the root and bark yellow
and bitter. Leaves pinnately divided. Racemes appearing with the leaves,
axillary, compound. Flowers minute, dark purple, ofter, by abortion polyga-

Z. apiifolia (L'Her.) stirp. nov. p. 79. t. 38 ; MicLr: ! Ji. 1. p. 186 ; Bart.
veg. mat. med. 2. t. 46; DC. prodr. 1. p. 65. Xanthorhiza simplicissima,
Mamh. I. c.

Shady banks of rivers, Pennsylvania ! to Georgia '1 and Texas ! March-
April. — Root large. Leaves pinnate or bipinnate ; lePi.flets incised. — Yellow-
root.

Tribe V. HYDRASTIDEiE.

20. HYDRASTIS. Linn.; Jiiss. gen. p. 232; Micha;. f. 1. p. 317 j
DC. syst. 1. p. 217.

Sepals 3, ovate, petaloid, caducous. Petals none. Stamens numerous :
anthers innate. Ovaries numerous, 2-ovuled : styles short: stigmas dilated,
induplicate. Fruit composed of the baccate 1-2-seeded carpels, crowded in
a globose head. — A perennial herb ; the rhizoma and roots yelloAV and bitter.
Stem simple, 2-leaved, 1-flowered ; the fohage and fruit resembling a Rubus.

H. Canadensis (Unn.)—Mich.T. ! fi. I. c. ; Pursh, ft. 2. p. 389; Ell. sk.
2. p. 55; DC. prodr. 1. p. 53. Warneria Canadensis, Mill. diet.

In shady woods, particularly on the sides of mountains, Canada ! to Caro-
lina ; west to Ohio ! and Kentucky ! April-May.— Leaves pubescent Avhen
young, cordate, palmately 3-5-lobed, the lobes doubly serrate; lower leaf pe-
tioled, the upper subsessile. Peduncle an inch long. Calyx pale rose-color.
Fruit red. Seeds obovate: testa crustaceous, nearly black, shining, lined
with the thin and membranous tegmen. Embryo minute, at the base of the
somewhat fleshy and oily albumen.

Suborder P.EONIE.E. Arn.

Sepals 5, unequal, fDliaceous, persistent. Petals 5 (6-10 by culture),
destitute of claws. Stamens very numerous : anthers adnate, introrse.
Ovaries 2-5, the base surrounded by a fleshy annular disk i stigmas
sessile, thick, of two lamellae, persistent. Carpels follicular, opening
above. Seeds several : albumen fleshy. — Herbaceous (rarely shrubby,)
plants. Roots fasciculate, thick. Leaves 2.ternately divided. Flow-
ers terminal, solitary, large, purple, rose-color, or white.

Pjeonia. MAGNOLIACEiE. 41

2|. PiEONIA. Linn.; Jass. gen. p. 231 ; DC. syst. 1. p. 3SG.

Character same as of the Suborder.

1. P. Brownii (Dougl.): carpels 5, oblong, very glabrous, erect; leaves
smooth on both sides, somewhat glaucous, biternatc ; leaflets ternately divid-
ed or pinuatifid, laciniate ; laciniac oblong, those of the lower leaves obtuse.
Ilonk. f. Jior.-Am. 1. p. 27.

"Near tlie confines of perpetual snow on the subalpine range of Mount
Hood, N. W. America." Douglas in Hook. " East of the Blue Mountains
of Oregon, not in subalpine situations," Nuttall ! June-July.— Stem striate.
Sepals very unequal, oval. Carpels very smooth, oblong, scarcely recun-ed at
the apex. Hook. " Petals reddish-purple, never fully expanding." Nutt.

2. P. Californica (Nutt. ! mss.) : " carpels 3, glabrous ; leaves smooth on
both sides (not glaucous), ternate; leaflets broadly cuneate, nearly twice 3-
cleft ; laciniffi oblong-lanceolate, acute. .

"Margins of bushy plains, and in the valleys of the mountains, in the vici-
nhy St. "Barbara, Upper California. March- April.— Ditfers from the preced-
ing in the smaller, less divided and broader leaves, Avhich are deep green on
both sides; and the leaflets bifid or trifid, never pinnatifid. Sepals never expand-
ing, one, and sometimes two, of the outer ones ending in a small trifid
leaf jPetals small, scarcely exceeding the length of the calyx, deep blood-red.
Seeds large, light brown, cylindrical-ovoid." Nutt.

Order II. MAGNOLIACEiE, Juss.

Magnoliacese & Winteracere, R. Br. ; Lindl.

Parts of the flowers arranged in a ternary order. Sepals 3-6, do-
ciduous. Petals 3-30, hypogynous, in several rows : aestivation ini-
bricated. Stamens indefinite, distinct, hypogynous : filaments very
short : anthers adnatc, introrsc. Ovaries several in a single row, or
numerous and spicate in several rows, on a torus raised above the sta-
mens : styles short or none : stigmas simple. Fruit consisting of
numerous 1-2-seeded carpels, follicular or baccate, or woody, or fleshy,
aggregated or connate in a strobiliform manner upon the clongat-
ed torus ; sometimes samaroid. Seeds anatropous, suspended or as-
cending. Embryo minute, at the base of fleshy homogeneous albu.
men. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire, (pubescent when
young) mostly minutely punctate with transparent dots, coriaceous,
with convolute caducous stipules. Flowers rarely diclinous, solitary,
usually large, fragrant.

The presence of pellucid dots in the leaves of WintcrfxceEe, and their absence in
Magnoliacea;, is considered a chief mark of distinction by those autliors who view
the two orders as distinct. These dots, liowever, exist in all our Mas^nolias, as well
as in the exotic forms we have examined, and may he ob'served witli a lens of very
moderate power (if the leaves be too coriaceous at least in tlie petals) quite as readi-
ly as in lllicium. Several species are also slightly aromatic and stimulant as well
as bitter. The leaves, or at least the petals, of all our species of Auonacea:, and of

6

42 MAGNOLIACEiE. MACNouit.

all the foreign species which we have examined, are dotted in the same manner. —
De CandoUc states that the American species of Magnolia (§ .Mugnoliaslrun|, DC.)
have extrorse anthers ; which is not the case. •

Tribe I. ILLICIE^. DC.
Winteracea;, R. Br. ; Lindl.
Carpels in a single whorl. Anthers short. — Aromatic & stimulant.

1. ILLICIUM. Linn. ; Gcertn. Jr. 1. j). 338. t. 69.

Sepals 3-6, petaloid. Petals 9-30. Follicles stellate, 1-seeded. Seeds smooth
and shining.— Evergreen glabrous shrubs ; the bruised leaves and carpels ex-
hahng the odor of anise.

1. /. Floridanum (EUis): leaves oval or oblong, acuminate ; petals 27-30,
dark purple, the outermost oblong, the inner ligulate.— i;///s, in phil. trans.
60. p. 524.- 1. 12 ; Lam. ill. t. 493 ; Michx.fi. 1. p. 526 ; DC. prodr. 1 p. 77.

Florida! Alabama! & Louisiana: in swamps. May.

2. /. parviftorum (Michx.) : leaves oblong ; flowers yellowish ; petals
ovate or roundish, ^12.— Micli.T. ! I. c. ; DC. I. c. ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 35 ; Nutt. 2
gen. 2. p. 18. I. anisatum. Bartr. trav.

Georgia ! &, Florida ! May-June.— Leaves rather obtuse. Flowers nod-
ding, much smaller.

Tribe II. MAGNOLIE^. DC.

Carpels splcate on the elongated torus. Anthers long. Scales of
the leaf-bud formed of convolute stipules.

2. MAGNOLIA. Linn. ; Gcertn. fr. 1. p. 343. i. 70.

Sepals 3^ caducous, sometimes none or confounded with the petals. Pe-
tals 6-12, caducous. Carpels 1-2-seeded, persistent, forming a strobile-like
fruit, dehiscent by the dorsal suture. Seeds baccate, subcordate, suspended,
hanging, when ripe and the carpel opens, by a long funiculus composed entke-
ly of spiral vessels.— Fme trees (except M. glauca.)

1. M. grandifiora (Linn.): leaves evergreen, oval-oblong, coriaceous,
shining above, ferruginous-tomentose beneath ; petals 9-12, obovate, expanding.
— Walt. Car. p. 158; Lam. ill. t. 490; Michx. ! fi. 1. p. 327 ; Michx. f.
sylv. 1. p. 269. t.71; Ell. sk. 2. p. 36.

N. Carolina ! to Florida ; west to the Mississippi ! May-Aug.— Trunk
naked 60-70 feet high, crowned with a pyramidal head ; branches somewhat
whorled. Leaves 6-8 inches long. Flowers white, 7-8 inches broad ; pe-
tals abruptly unguiculate.

2. M. glauca (Linn.) : leaves oblong or oval, obtuse, white beneath ; pe-
tals'9-12, ovate, narrowed at the base, erect— Michx. ! fi. 1. p. 327 ; Michx.

Magnolia. MAGNOLIACE^. 43

/ sylv. 1. p. 274. t. 52 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 27 ; Bigel. ft. Bost. ed. 2. p. 229, ^
tned. Ipt. t. 26.

Swamps, Massachusetts! to Louisiana! and Missouri. May -Juno. — A
shrub ; leaves deciduous (often silky beneath when young): in the Suutliern
Slates sometimes a tree with evergreen leaves. (Ell.) Flowers white, 2-o
inches broad, very fragrant.

3. M. Umbrella (Lara.) : leaves deciduous, oblong or obovate-lanceolate ;
petals fl, narrow ; sepals 3, reflexcd. — Lam. diet. 3. p. 673 ; DC. prodr. 1. p.
80. M. tripetala, Linn. ; Michx. ! Jl. 1. p. 327 ; Michx. f. sylv. 1. p. 285. t.
54 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 38.

Southern and Western States ! New- York, Michx. f. (sed ?) and Pennsyl-
vania, Muhlenberg. May-.Tune. — Tree 30-40 feet high. Leaves crowded
in an umbellate manner on the extremity of the irregular branches (whence
the name Umbrella-tree), 1-2 feet long, acuminate. Flowers white, 7-8
inches in diameter ; odor unpleasant. Fruit rose-color, 4-5 inches long.

A.M. acuminata (hinn.): leaves deciduous, oval, acuminate (pubescent
beneath); petals 6-9, oblong-obovate. — Michx.! fl.l.p.32S; Mich.v.f. sijlv.
l.p. 278. t. 53; Pursh,Jl.2.p. 381.

New- York ! to Georgia ! confined to the mountains in the Southern States.
June- July. — Tree 60-80 feet high, 4-5 feet in diameter at the base. Flowers
slightly fragrant, 3-4 inches in diameter: petals scarcely expanding, yellow-
ish, glaucous externally. Fruit cyhndrical, 3 inches long, when green slightly
resembling a young cucumber (whence the name. Cucumber-tree).

5. M. cordata (Michx.) : leaves deciduous, broadly ovate, subcordate, acute,
whitish and pubescent beneath; petals 6-9, oblong. — Michx. fl. 1. />. 328;
Michx. f. aylv. 1. p. 282. t. 54; Ell. sk. 2. p. 38 ; Bot. mag. t. 325; Nutt.
gen. 2. p. 18.

N. Carolina ! to Georgia! on mountains. April-May. — Tree 20-40 or 50
leet high ; bark deeply furrowed. Leaves 4-6 inches long. Flowers yel-
low, faintly streaked with red.

6. M. Fraseri (Walt.) : leaves deciduous (glabrous on both sides or glau-
cescent beneath), spatulate-obovate, auriculate at the base ; sepals 3, spread-
ing ; petals 9, oblong, attenuate at the base. — Walt. Car. p. 159. M. auriculata,
Lam. diet. 3. p. 673; Bartr. trav. ; Michx. ! Jl. 1. p. 328; Michx. f. sylv.
1. p. 287. t. 56 ; Bot. mag. t. 1206 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 39.

/?. pijraviidata (Nutt.): leaves broader and shorter. Niitt. gen. 2. p. 18,
— M. pyramidata, Bartr. ; Pursh, jl. 2. p. 381.

On the Alleghany Mountains, from the head waters of the Susquehannah
(Pursh? ?) (Virginia Michx. f.) to Georgia ! /?. S. Carolina, Georgia and
Florida ! near the coast. April-May. — Tree 30-40 feet high. Leaves 8-12
inches long, mostly green on both sides, somewhat rhomboid ; auricles nar-
row, rounded. Petals oval-lanceolate or subspatulate, white, 2-3 inches
long. Fruit oval-oblong, rose-color. — The specific name of Walter having
been first published must of necessity be restored. .

7. M. macrnphylla (Michx.) : leaves deciduous, oblong-ovate, narroAved
and subcordate at the base, glaucous and whitish beneath ; petals 6, ovate.
—Michx. ! Jl. 1. p. 327 ; Michx. J. sylv. l.p. 292. /. 57 ; Nutt. gen. 2. p. 18 ;
Ell. sk. 2. p. 40.

Lincolnton, N. Carolina ! and in Tennessee, near Cumberland River.
Georgia, on the Chattahouchie River, Dr. Chapman ! Dr. Boykin. May-
July. — Trunk naked below, 30-40 feet high ; bark white. Leaves crowded
on the end of the branches, 1-3 feet long, scarcely auricled at the base.
Flowers when fully expanded 8-10 inches in diameter, white : petals with
a purple spot on the inside at the base. Fruit ovate, rose-color.

44 ANONACEiE. Uvaria.

3. LIRIODENDRON. Linn.; Gcertn.fr.t. VIS.

Sepals 3, caducous. Petas 6, campanulate. Carpels densely imbricated,
1-2-seeded, indehiscent, deciduous; the apex produced into a lanceolate
wing. — A large tree. Leaves 3-lobed, the terminal lobe emarginately trun-
cate, the lateral ones with 2 sinuses. Flowers greenish-yellow, orange with-
in. Stipules flat.

L. Tulipifera (Linn.)— Michx.Jl. 1. p. 326 ; Michx.f. sylv. 1. p. 302. L
61; IJigel.med.bot.t. 31.

Canada ! to Louisiana and Florida. May-June.— Trunk sometimes 140
feet high, and 8-9 in diameter.— Tulip-tree. Wliite-xcood.

Order III. ANONACE^. Jiiss.

Sepals 3-4, persistent, often united at the base. Petals 6, in two
rows, hypogynous, coriaceous : aestivation valvular. Stamens inde-
finite, packed closely together on a hypogynous torus : filaments short :
anthers adnate, extrorse ; connectivum large, sometimes nectariferous
at the apex. Ovaries usually numerous and closely packed, separate
or sometimes cohering : styles short or none : stigmas simple : ovules
solitary or several, erect or ascending. Fruit consisting of dry or
succulent, 1- or many-seeded carpels, which are distinct or concrete
into a fleshy mass. Seeds anatropous ; testa brittle. Embryo minute,
at the base of hard ruminated albumen. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves
(and branches pubescent when young) alternate, exstipulate, distinctly
articulated with the stem, entire. Flowers axillary, mostly solitary.
Petals, and commonly the leaves, minutely punctate with pellucid
dots.

AnoTM glabra, Linn. (Anona foliis latis, &c. Catcsb. Car. t. 64.) a West Indian
species, has not been met with in the United States. Catesby was doubtless mis-
taken as to the locality.— Prof. Bailey, of West Point U. S. Military Academy, has
seeds of a large-fruited species of Anona from Key West.

1. UVARIA. Linn. ; Blume,f. Jav. ex. Alph. DC. mem. A7ion. p. 25.

Uvaria, Asimina, and Porcelia, of Authors. Orchidocarpum, Mic/ix.

Sepals 3, united at the base. Petals 6, in a double series. Ovaries few or
numerous. Carpels oblong, baccate, often torulose, pulpy within, several-
seeded. — Aromatic shiubs or trees.

§ Carpels by abortion 2-3 or solitary: inner petals smallest: flowers
solitary on short axillary peduncles, which are sometimes bractcolate.
— Asimina, Adans.

UvARiA. ANONACE^. 45

* Leaves membranaceous : flowers expanding at or before the time of leafing ^ arising
from the axils of former leaves.

1. U. triloba: leaves oblong-obovate, acuminate ; petals dark purple; the
exterior orbicular, 3 or 4 times the length of the sepals. — Anona triloba, Linn.;
Michx. ! f. spiv. 2. t. 60. Porcelia triloba, Pers. syn. 2. p. 95 ; Fnrsh,fl. 2.
p. 383. Orchidocarpum arietinum, Michx. ! jl. 1. p. 329. Asimina triloba,
Dunal., Anon. ;j. 81 ; FAl. sk. 2. p. 42.

Banks of streams. Middle, Southern, and Western States ! March-April.
— A small tree 15-20 feet high. Branches and leaves nearly glabrous.
Ovaries often 8. Fruit of a single carpel (2-3 inches long), or sometimes of
2-3 connate carpels, yellowish, esculent, very fragrant. — Papaw.

2. U. parviflora : leaves oval-obovate, acuminate ; petals greenish-pur-
ple ; the exterior oval, hardly twice the length of the sepals. — Orchidocarpum
parviflorura, Midu:. ! I. c. Porcelia parviflora, Ptrs. L c. Asimina pui vi-
flora, Dunal, Anon. p. 82. t. 9; Ell. sk. 2. p. 41.

Woods, Virginia to Florida! — A low shrub. Leaves and branches nearly
glabrous except when very young. Flowers not half the size of U. triloba :
peduncles shorter than the flowers. Fruit as large as a plum, somewhat
fleshy.

3. U. ohorata : leaves oblong-obovate, obtuse, ferruginous-tomentose be-
neath; petals (very large) yellowish-white; the exterior obovate, many
times larger than the sepals. — Anona grandiflora, Bartr. trav. t.2. A. obo-
vata, Willd. .'ip.2. p. 1269. Orchidocarpum grandiflorum, M7V //.r. .' ^. \.p.
330. Porcelia grandiflora, Pers. I. c. ; Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 19. Asimina gran-
diflora, Dunal, Let. 11 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 42.

Sandy woods, Georgia ! and Florida. ! — Shrub 1-2 feet high, tomentose
when young. Outer petals 2 inches or more in length : inner ones much
shorter, linear-oblong. — The oldest and most appropriate specific name is
pro-occupied in Uvaria.

.** Leaves coriaceous, persistent : flotcers arising from the axils of present leaves.

4. U. pygrruea : leaves elongated, oblanceolate, obovate, oblong, or ellip-
tical ; petals reddish-brown ; the exterior obovate-oblong, many times longer
than the sepals. — Anona pygma?a, Bartr. trav. t. 1. Orchidocarpum
pygmeeum, Michx. ! I. c. Porcelia pygma^a, Pers. I. c. ; Nutt. ! gen. 2. p.
19. Asimina pygmaca, Dunal, I. c. t. io ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 43.

0. flowers all terminating short leafy branches.

Sandy fields, Georgia! and Florida! — Sufiruticose, 6-20 inches high,
glabrous. Leaves variable, when narrow often 6 inches long, sometimes 1§
inch broad, obtuse or acute. Outer petals an inch long : the inner much
smaUer, linear-oblong.

Order IV. SCHIZANDRACEiE. Blume.

Flowers monoecious, or rarely dicecious ; the floral envelopes in a
a ternary order. Sepals 3-6, imbricated in a double series, deciduous ;
the inner ones similar to the petals. Petals 3-12, imbricated in 1-4
rows, hypogynous. Stamens 5 or indefinite, with very short filaments,
coadunate on a subglobose torus. Ovaries numerous, aggregated on a

46 MENISPERMACE.E. Schizandra.

conical, at length elongated torus : styles minute : stigmas simple :
ovules 1-2. Carpels baccate in fruit, l-2.seeded, loosely spicate upon
the slender and much elongated torus (glomerate on the conical torus
in Kadsura). Albumen fleshy, homogeneous. — Trailing or twining'
glabrous shrubs (somewhat aromatic). Leaves alternate, entire or
denticulate, minutely and sparsely punctate (as also the petals) with
pellucid dots. Flowers axillary, on slender peduncles ; the uppermost
staminate.

1. SCHIZANDRA. Michx. fl. 2. p. 218. t. 47.

Moncecious. Sepals and petals 9-12, confounded with each other, roundish,
concave. Stamens 5: anthers subsessUe, connate. Carpels inequilateral,
1-seeded, loosely scattered m fruit on the fihform torus. " Embryo included
in fleshy green albumen ; radicle oblong ; cotyledons ovate." Richard in
Michx. — A trailing or somewhat twining shrub. Leaves entire or repandly
denticulate. Flowers small, crimson.

S. coccinea (Michx. 1. c.)—Ell. sk. 2. p. 582 ; DC. syst. l.p. 544 ; Bot.
mag. t. 1413 ; Audubon, birds ofAmer. t. 74.

In damp woods, S. Carolina ! Georgia ! and Louisiana ! May-Tune —
Stem 10-15 feet long. Leaves ovate or oval, mostly acute or acuminate at
each end, on slender petioles. Carpels small, ovoid, red when mature : torus
also red. Seed suspended 7

The order Schizandracccc, established by Bkime in his splendid Flora Javae, al-
though indicated in an earlier work, is founded upon Schizandra and two Asiatic
genera, viz : Sphserostema (which diflers from the former chiefly in its indefinite
stamens,) and Kadsura, Juss., which was formerly referred to Anonacere.

Order V. MENISPERMACE.E. Juss.

Flowers dioecious, rarely moncecious or polygamous. Sepals usually
in a double row, 2-4 in each, imbricated in testivation, deciduous.
Petals 1-8 (usually equal in number to the sepals), h5'pogynous, dis-
tinct or sometimes united, rarely none. Stamens distinct or mona-
delphous, equal in number to the petals and opposite them, or 2-4 times
as many : anthers adnate (extrorse or introrse !), or innate and con-
sisting of 4 globose lobes, or with the cells horizontal and placed end
to end, opening longitudinally. Ovaries usually several, distinct or
rarely united. Drupes baccate, 1-seeded, oblique or lunate, or incurv-
ed so that the apex and base are brought into contact ; the nut (endo-
carp) bony, and often tuberculate on the broad margin. Seed hetero-
tropous, conformed to the cavity of the nut. Embryo curved, included
in the rather thin fleshy albumen : radicle directed towards the style. —
Flexible and climbing shrubs or sutfruticose plants. Leaves alternate,

Menispermum. MENISPERMACEiE. 47

without stipules, simple, palmately veined. Flowers minute, in ra-
cemes or panicles.

The true structure of the fruit in this order, is f^iven by A. St, Hilairc, in his
Flora Brazihiu Mcridionalis. After fecundation tlie ovary begins to grow on one
side, and curves until, in most cases, the summit is brought close to the base. Tlic
fruit, Avhich is a true drupe, has an obovatc or subglobose form, and the nut is curv-
ed like a horse-shoe, so that -when it is cut transversely it appears to be ^-celled, a
false dissepiment being formed by the bending together of the two ends of the fruit.
The shell or cndocarp is often mistaken for the testa of the seed, the proper integu-
ments being membranaceous. According to De Candolle, the anthers are extrorse ;
but they arc certainly introrse in Menispermum Lyoni, and in some species of
Cocculus.

1. COCCULUS. Baiihin; DC. syst. l.p. 515.

Flowers diojcious. Sepals 6, in a double series. Petals 6, distinct. Sterile
Fl. Stamens 6 (rarely 3), distinct. Fertile Fl. Sometimes G abortive
stamens. Ovaries 3-6. Drupes 1-6.— Racemes axillary.

Differs from Menispermum chiefly in the stamens being equal in number to the
sepals (or rarely half as many), and not twice or more than twice as numerous.

1. C. CaroUmis (DC): minutely pubescent ; leaves cordate or ovate, en-
lire or obscurely lobed (rarely hastately 3-lobcd), mostly obtuse, mucronate,
velvety-pubescent underneath ; petals biauriculate at the base and embracing
the filaments, emarginate ; anthers innate, 4-lobed; ovaries 3-6. — DC. syst.
1. p. 524. Menispermum Carolinianum, Walt. Car. p. 248 ; Michx.fi. 2. p.
242. Wendlandia populifolia, Willd. sp. 2. p. 275 ; Pursh, fi. 1. p. 252.
(excl. syn). W. Caroliniana, Nutt. ! gen. 1. p. 241.

Woods and banks of rivers. North CaroUna, Mr. Curtis ! Georgia, Lc
Conte! Mississippi, Mitt all ! Arkansas, Dr. Pitcher! Kentucky, Dj\
Shnrt ! — Stem slender, sarmentose. Leaves extremely variable in form, 2-4
inches long, and of nearly the same breadth, often quite entire, but usually
with several sinuate obtuse lobes, sometimes nearly orbicular-cordate, some-
what coriaceous when mature : petioles 1-4 inches long. Flowers sometimes
polygamous? Sterile Fl. in compound racemes which are often 3-parted to
the base, greenish-white. Bracteoles mostly sohtary. Sepals 6, orbicular, or
obovate, concave. Petals 6, fleshy, with 2 inflcxed auricles at the base of
each. Stamens 6: filaments thickened at the summit, on which is borne the
didymous anther-cells, appearing like 4 approximated spherules. Drupe red,
as large as a small pea, compressed ; the nut curved into nearly a complete
ring, notched on the margin. Seed terete, filling the circular cavity of the
nuL Embryo in the axis of the fleshy albumen and about the same length :
cotyledons hnear, approximated.

2. MENISPERMUM. Linn. ; DC. syst. I. p. 539.

Flowers dioecious. Sepals 4-8, in a double series. Petals 4-7, in a double
series ; sometunes none. Sterile Fl. Stamens 12-20, distinct. Fertile
Fl. Ovaries 2-4 (usually solitary). Drupes 1-4 (usually solitary), globose-
reniform.— Racemes axillary or supra-axillary. Sterile and fertile flowers
often dissimilar.

InM. Dauricum, DC. {Dcless. ic. t. 100.) the sepals are 6 in number and the
corolla is wanting.

48 MENISPERMACEiE. Menispermdm,

§ 1. Fertile flowers without abortive stamens: mit forming a nearly com-
plete ring.

1. M. Canadense (Linn.) : leaves peltate (with the petiole near the base),
somewhat glabrous, obtusely angled ; angles obtuse or acute ; racemes com-
pound ; sepals 4-7 ; petals 6-7 ; very small, somewhat fleshy ; stamens 15-19 ;
anthers innate, 4-lobed.— .'kT/c/i.r. / /. 2. p. 241 ; Pzirsh, fl. 2. p. 370 ; DC.
sysl. 2. p. 54:0 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 715. M. Virginicum, Linn.; Willd. sp. 4.
p. 824.

Banks of rivers and in thickets, Canada ! to S. Carolina, and Arkansas !
July. — Stem lierba;ceous or suflruticose at the base, 8-12 feet long, slender.
Leaves 3-4 inches long, rather broader than wide, with 3-5 angular lobes.
Flowers small, greenish-yellow ; the sterile ones in paniculate supra-axillary
racemes : pedicels about a hne long, bracteolate. Sepals commonly 4-5, obo-
vate-oblong. Petals much smaller than the sepals, orbicular, obtusely cuneate
at the base. Filaments scarcely thickened at the summit : anthers of 4
spherical lobes. Drupe stipitate, about one-third of an inch in diameter, nearly
black when mature, pruinose, curved so that the style and base are nearly in
contact ; pulp small in quantity. Nut much compressed, forming a nearly
complete ring. Seed terete, annular. Embryo linear, in the axis of a
fleshy albumen, and nearly of the same length.

§ 2. Sepals 6 : petals none : sterile flowers with 12 stamens ; the anthers
adnate, parallel with the fllament : fertile flowers with 6 abortive sta-
mens : ovaries 3 : drupe solitary^ oval, the style nearly at the summit .-
nut concavo-convex, deeply excavated in front. — Calycocarpum, Nutt.
mss.

2. M. Lyoni (Pursh) : leaves 3-5-lobed, not peltate ; the lobes acuminate
and sometimes crenulate ; petioles very long ; racemes somewhat compound.
—Pursh, fl. 2. p. 371 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 103.

Near New Orleans, Dr. Ingalls .' Arkansas, Nuttall ! Kentucky and
Tennessee, Pursh. — Stem climbing, about twenty feet long (PitrsA,). Leaves
3-7 inches in diameter, sparsely hirsute on the veins underneath ; the sinuses
commonly rounded, and often extending beyond the centre of the lamina.
Racemes shorter than the petioles, supra-axillary ; the pedicels 1-4-flow^ered.
Sterile Fl. Bracteole at the base of the sepals minute. Sepals obovate-
oblong, obtuse. Stamens shorter than the sepals : filaments compressed, ra-
ther thick ; anther cells linear-oblong, introrse, the cells parallel with the axis
of the filament. Fertile Fl. Sepals as in the sterile flowers. Abortive
stamens half the length of the sepals ; the spurious anther cells oblong and
somewhat diverging. Ovaries oblong, straight: stigmas sessile, fimbriate.
Drupe exactly oval, nearly an inch long (black, Pursh), compressed contrary
to the sutures. Nut deeply excavated in front, convex and smooth on the
back. Albumen fleshy and oily, in the fonn of a shallow cup. Embryo very
broad, lying in a shallow cavity in the midst of the albumen; cotyledons
oval, very thin and membranaceous, at length diverging. — The back and front
layers of albumen at length become soldered together, so that the shallow
cavity is divided into two cells, in each of which a cotyledon is lodged ; as in
Cocculus suberosus, DC. figured by Gsertner {Fr. 1. i. 70. /. 1.), and as de-
scribed by Wight & Arnott {Prodr. ft. Penins. hid. 1. p. 11). We have
seen the ripe fruit of this species only when deprived of its pulp. In the
half-grown state it is ovate, nearly straight, and slightly pointed at the summit
with a very short style. When fuUy grown the style appears to be still
nearly terminal. The shell is smooth, exactly oval, with a large cavity in

Berberis. BERBERIDACEiE. 49

front, capable of holding a grain of coffee. In our only ppccimcn, kindly
coinniunicated by Mr. Nuttall, the sutures are very distinct and have opened
at tiie suniinit.

Menispermum smilacinum, DC. sijst. 2. p- 5H (Cissampelos smilacina, Linn.*?)
seems to be only M. Caiiadense with smoother leaves and more simple racemes than
usual. The number of petals is very inconstant in the latter species, there being
sometimes only four. The figure in Catesby (^Carol. 1. t. 51.) is probably Cocculus
Carolinus, and is certainly not a Menispermum.

Order VI. BERBERIDACE7E. Vent. ; R. Br.

BerberideK & Podopliyllacese of Authors.

Sepals deciduous, 3-4-6, imbricated in two rows, often calyculate
with petaloid scales. Petals hypogynous, as many as the sepals and
opposite them ! or twice as many, frequently appendaged or glandular
at the base within. Stamens as many as the petals and opposite them !
(twice as many in Podophyllum) : filaments short : anthers adnate,
extrorse, opening by recurved valves, (i. e. the face of each cell sepa-
rating elastically from the connectivum from the bottom to the top,
like a valve) except in Podophyllum. Ovary solitary, simple : style
continuous, often somewhat lateral or oblique : stigma orbicular or
peltate. Fruit baccate or capsular. Seeds 1 or few, rising from the
bottom of the cell, or numerous and attached to the ventral suture in
one or more rows, sometimes arillate. Embryo in the axis or near
the base of fleshy or horny albumen.

Tribe I. BERBERIDE^.

Embryo in the axis, and occupying nearly the whole length of i\\e
albumen : radicle long : cotyledons flat, elliptical. — Shrubs. Leaves
compound or reduced to a single leaflet, often stipulate. Flowers
yellow. Filaments irritable.

1. BERBERIS. Linn.; GcBrtn.fr. t. 42.

Sepals 6, usually 3-bracteoIate. Petals 6, commonly with 2 distinct glands
at the base. Stamens 6. Stigma orbicular, depressed, nearly sessile (rarely
a distinct style). Fruit a 1-9-seeded berry. Seeds erect.

§ 1. Primary leaves changed to spines, in the axils of which the secon-
dary leaves (produced by the developement of the" leaf buds, and re-
duced to a single leaflet) are fascicled. — Berberis, Nutt. DC.

1. B. vulgaris (Linn.) : branches mmutely dotted, with triple spines ;
leaves oval-obovate, closely serrate with bristly teeth ; racemes nodding, many-
flowered; petals entire; berries ohlong.— Willd. sp. 2. p. 227; Lam. ill. t.

7

50 ' BERBERIDACEJ3. Berberis.

, 243 ; Bigel fi. Bost. ed. 2. p. 128 ; Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. \. j). 28, excl. syn.
B. vulgaris, var. Canadensis, Torr. ! ji. 1. p. 336, not of Willd.

In waste places and about cultivated grounds, Canada! and Northern
States I doubtless introduced from Europe, but naturalized in many places.
Newfoundland, Morrison ex Hook. May-June. — Stem 3-8 feet high : pith
yellowish ; the spines sometimes simple. Berries acid. — Barberry-bush.

2. B. Canadensis (Pursh) : branches verrucose-dotted, with short triple
spines ; leaves spatulate-oblong, remotely serrate with somewhat bristly teeth ;
racemes subcorymbose, few-flowered ; petals cmarginate ; berries subglobose
or oval— Pursh! Jl. 1. p. 219 ; Ell. sk. 1. p. 412 ; Mitt. ! gen. 1. p. 211.
B. vulgaris, Walt. Car. p. 120 ; Michx.fl. 1. p. 205. B. vulgaris, var. Can-
adensis, Willd. sp. 2. p. 228.

In the Alleghany Mountains, &c. Virginia ! N. Carolina ! Tennessee !
to Georgia. Also Canada, Pursh, but this is very doubtful. May- June. —
Shrub 2-3 feet high (stem and roots yellow, Nutt.) Leaves much smaller
and narrower than in the preceding species, attenuate at the base, but nearly
sessile ; the margin serrulate with 6-8 distant, often inconspicuous, mucro-
nate teeth. Raceme 5-8-floAvered, nodding : flowers smaller than in B. vul-
garis; fruit smaller and much shorter. — This indigenous species, very dis-
tinct from B. vulgaris, with which it has been in some degree confounded, is
probably a native of the Southern States only ; the Barberry of the New Eng-
land States and, doubtless, of Canada, being the European species, and cer-
tainly not indigenous. Our species was first noticed, apparently, by Marshall,
who states that he has a different species of Barberry growmg near New
River, Virginia. Original specimens, collected and named by Pursh, exist
in the herbarium of the late Prof. Barton, now deposited in the rooms of the
American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia.— B. emarginata, Willd., a
Siberian plant, appears to be very near this species.

§ 2. Leaves (evergreen) pinnate : petioles articulated at the origin of the
leaflets : filaments usually 2-toothed at the sumonit.—MAnomA, Nutt.

3. B. Aquifolium (Pursh) : leaflets 3-6 pairs (the lower pair not approxima-
ted to the base of the petiole), coriaceous, ovate-lanceolate or elliptical-oblong,
inequilateral or slightly cordate at the base, 1-nerved, the margin repand
with thorny or spinulose-cuspidate teeth ; racemes short, nearly erect, clus-
tered; filaments 2-toothed.— Pwrs/i.,/. I. p. 219. t. 4. (excl./. 5. the fruit.)

a. leaflets about 3 pairs, approximate, oblong-ovate, obtuse, pale green and
slightly glaucous both sides, flat or with shghtly undulate margins, with 5-9
short cuspidate teeth on each side.— B. AquifoUum, Pursh, I. c. (excl./ 1.
the separate leaflet) ; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 29, in part. B. pinnata, MuhU
cat. ed. 2. p. 36. B. repens, Lindl. hot. res:, t. 1176. Mahonia Aquifolium,
Nutt. ! gen. 1. p. 212 ; DC. syst. 1. p. 20. excl. (3.

0. leaflets 4-6 pairs, often rather distant, ovate-lanceolate, acutish, " pale
but bright green above" (Hook.), glaucous beneath, fiat or a Uttle undulate
along the margins, slightly repand with numerous cuspidate teeth. — B. pin-
nata /?., Hook. I. c.

y. leaflets 4-5 pairs, mostly approximate, ovate-lanceolate, acutish, dark
green and shining above, when mature rigidly undulate and repandly 6-12-
toothed on each margin ; teeth thorny and rather divaricate. — B. AquifoUum,
Pursh, I. c. f. 1. (a separate leaflet) ex Lindl. ; Hook. I. c. in part ; Lindl.
bat. reg. t. 1425. B. pinnata, Menzies, in herb. Banks. B. pinnata a.
Hook. I. C.I excl. syn. Deless. ^c. Mahonia AquifoUum ^. Nutkana, DC.
I.e.

In woods and along rivers throughout Oregon, a. From the Great Rapids
of the Oregon River (Lewis) to the Eastern declivity of the Rocky Moun-
tains, lat, lo°, Dr. James ! and the sources of the Colorado of the West,

Berberis. BERBERIDACE^. 51

Nuttall! /?. In the woody region of the Oregon, Drummnnd, Aiiitall! y.
Near the coast from lat. 40 "-49', jMenzie.'^, Doui^las, Ur. iScautcr ! April.
— An under-shrub, 2-5 feet high, branching; tlie branches often prucunibeni.
Leaflets li-3 inches long, obscurely reticulated on both sides, the veins ;dl
rising from the midrib. Petals connivent, the innermost bifid at the ape.x.
Berries dark purple. — This species, as we consider it, is liable to much varia-
tion in its foliage ; and we should incline to follow the authority of Lindley
and of Nuttall (who has recently enjoyed the opportunity of examining these
plants extensively in their native situations), and to separate our var. «. as a
distinct species, did not our specimens of /A communicated by Mr. Nuttall
appear manifestly to connect it with )., the B. A([uifolium of tlie region near
the Pacific coast. The former is moreover the plant originally brought to
the United States by Lewis, and described and figured (chieHy) by Pursh,
and cultivated in gardens, under the name of B. Aquifolium ; so that it ought,
in accordance with the rule in such cases, to retain the original name. Pursh
erroneously describes the berry as 3-celled, with a 3-lobed stigma; but his
figure of the fruit is manifestly taken/from some very diffcreiit plant.*

4. B. pinnata (hagasca): leaflets 4-5 pairs, the lowest pair approximate to
the base of the petiole, ovate-lanceolate, repandly dentate with 4-5 teeth on each
side; racemes erect [nodding in Jig. JJeless.], very much crowded. JJC.
(under Mahonia.) — B. pinnata, " Lagasca etench. hort. Madry ex auci.
Mahonia fascicularis, DC. .^ijst. 1. p. 19; Deless. ic. 2. t. 3.

" Western coast oi North America near Monterey [California] and Nootka,
Nei ex Lagasca; and in New Spain, Humb. ^ Bonpl.^^ JJC. I. c. — The
plant from Nootka is doubtless B. Aquifolium, as Lindley suggests. All our
specimens from Oregon have the lower pair of leaflets at some distance from
the base of the petiole ; in which, as in the less crowded racemes, &c. they
wholly disagree with the character of De Candolle and the figure of Deles-
sert ; and as Hooker changes the specific phrase of his B. pinnata in these
particulars, we have the more confidently referred the Oregon plant to B.
Aquifolium.

5. B. nervosa (Pursh): suffruticose ; leaves elongated ; leaflets 5-S pairs
(the lowest not approximated to the base of the petiole), ovate or oblong,
acute, repandly dentate with thorny teeth, 3-5 nerved from the base, the
nerves reticulated ; racemes simple, elongated ; pedicels very short ; filaments
2-toothed. — Pursh, fl. 1. p. 219. t. 5. (excl. the flowers, which belong to B.
Aquifolium) ; Hook. I. c. B. glumacea, Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1425. Mahonia
nervosa, NiUt. gen. 1. p. 212 ; DC. I. c. M. glumacea, DC. I. c.

Oregon, in shady pine woods along the coast, from lat. 40°-49°, Menzies,
Dr. Scolder ! Nuttall ! — Low ; the stem often scarcely rising from the
ground. Leaves 1-2 feet long, coriaceous. Racemes spicate, often 6-8
inches long : flowers larger than in B. Aquifolium. Peduncles and petioles
surrounded at the base with numerous dry convolute and pungent glumaceous
bracts. Berries deep blue. — Pursh, Avho has made sad work in his figures
of Berberis, added the flowers of B. Aquifolium to the leaves of the present
species, and thus led De Candolle into mistake.

Tribe IL NANDINE^.

Embryo minute at the base of the albumen, often excentric or ob-
lique with respect to the hilum : radicle short and thick : cotyledons
very small, roundish. — Perennial herbs. Leaves decompound or lobed.

* The separate leaflets attached to Pursh's specimen in herb. Lambert, ono of
which is figured in his plate, are said in Brit.fi. gard. under Mahonia diversifolia,
t. 94. to belojig to that species. There is little doubt, however, tliat tliey were taken
from the specimen of Menzies in herb. Banks.

52 BERBERIDACEiE. Diphylleu.

2. VANCOUVERIA. Morren ^ Decaisne, in ann. sci. nat.
(2. ser.) 2. p. 351.

Sepals 6, oblong, thin and membranaceous, with 3-9 much smaller oval
bracteoles at the base, caducous. Petals 6, obovate, reflexed, the apex some-
what cucullate. Nectaries G, opposite the petals, linear-spatulate, concave,
reflexed. Stamens 6, erect : filaments flat : anthers oblong, mucronate.
Style slender : stigma capitate, somewhat perforated. Ovary (follicle-shaped,
minutely glandular-pubescent,) with 8-10 ovules attached to the ventral suture

in two rows. Fruit — Root slender, horizontal, perennial. Leaves radical,

2-3-ternate. Scape slender, simple. Flowers in a lax slightly panicled ra-
ceme, on filiform nodding pedicels. Petals white: nectaries with yellow
tips.

V. hexandra (Morr. & Decaisne, 1. c.) — Epiraedium hexandrum. Hook.
Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 31. t. 13. Caulophyllum gracile, Dougl. viss. ex Hook.

In deep pine woods around Fort Vancouver, Douglas <^ Scouler, Nuttall !
also from Puget Sound to North California, ex Hook. — Scape a foot high ;
flowers small ; the floral envelopes all very thin and membranaceous. Leaf-
lets petiolulate, subcordate, obtusely 3-5-lobed, membranaceous, the margin
undulate, with a few weak hairs. Immature carpels (foUicles) excentric and
somewhat arcuate. — The bracteoles, or exterior sepals, are probably variable
in number, and are besides very caducous. I find nine in specimens collected
by Nuttall, all nearly alike and much smaller than the 6 inner or true sepals
which subtend the petals.

3. LEONTICE. Linn.; R.Br.

Sepals 3-6. Petals 6, bearing a little scale or nectary at the base within.
Carpel membranaceous, caducous or inflated, 2-4-seeded. Seeds erect,
globose : albumen horny.

§ Pericarp bursting at an early period '. exposing the finally drupe-like
seed raised on its thickened funiculus.r-CAVhOPUYLi.vn, Michx.

1. L. thalictroides (Linn.) : leaves 3-ternate ; the radical on long petioles ;
cauline 1-2, destitute of a common petiole, the lower 3-ternate, the upper
(when present) much smaller and 2-ternate ; leaflets incisely 2-3-lobed. —
R. Br. in Liiin. trans. 12. p. 145. t. 7 ; Torr. ! jl. 1. p. 336 ; Darlingt. fl.
Cest. ed. 2. p. 213. Caulophyllum thalictroides, Michx. ! Jl. 1. p. 205. t. 21 ;
Pursh! jl. l.p. 218.

Woods, Canada ! to N. Carolina ! and Kentucky ! April. — Glaucous when
young. Stem simple, 1-2 feet high. Leaflets rather ovate, obhque and
subcuneiform at the base, the terminal broadest, petiolulate. Panicle small,
racemose. Petals greenish-yeUow : scale reniform, viscid. Seeds large (2
or by abortion 1), deep blue when ripe, on long and thick fimiculi, baccate :
albumen of the forai of the seed, very firm. — The roasted seeds have been
used as a substitute for cofiee. — Blue Cohosh.

4. DIPHYLLEIA. Mich.x. fl. 1. p. 203. t. 19 ^ 20.

Sepals 3. Petals 6, oval, without glands. Stamens 6. Ovary ovate, ex-
centric : stigma subsessile, peltate, lacunose. Ovules about 4, borne on a

Jeffersonia. BERBERIDACEyE. 53

short lateral placenta near the base of the cell. Pericarp somewhat baccate,
subglobose, 2-3-seeded. Seeds roundish. Embryo very minute at tiie base
of nearly horny albumen, excentric. — Rhizoma thick, horizontal. Stem sim-
ple, 2-leaved. Leaves large, alternate, peltate in the manner of Podophyllum,
semiorbicular-subreniform, deeply 2-lobed ; each division 7-9-lobed; lobes
triangular, serrate with triangular teeth. Flowers Avhite, in a simple umbel-
late cyme.

D. cymosa (Michx.! 1. c.)—Ell. sk. 1. ;;. 411 ; NiUt. gen. 1. p. 209; DC.
syst. 2. p. 29.

Along rivulets in high mountains, Virginia to Georgia ! North Carolina,
Mr. Curtis ! (in fruit only)— Stem 1-2 feet high. Seeds reddish : testa
membranaceous : hilum somewhat unilateral.— De Candolle, in describing the
seed, says, " Embryone recto tenui," which is incorrect. Decaisne, {Ann.
sci. nat. (2. ser.) 2. p. 359,) who also examined Michaux's specimen, states
that the embryo occupies about a third of the length of the albunien. It is
really, however, much smaller than this, although the little cavity in Avhich it
is situated is sometimes prolonged to near the centre of the albumen, a cir-
cumstance which may possibly have misled the observers. In this, as in
some other genera, the peculiar disposition of the veins of the pericarp rnay
be observed which Morren & Decaisne noticed in Epimedium, and which
led these botanists to consider the ovary of Berberidaceee as compound. This
peculiarity admits, however, of easy explanation on the supposition that the
carpel is formed of a palmately veined leaf.

5. ACHLYS. DC. syst. 2. p. 35. ; Hook.fi. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 30. t. 12.

Sepals and petals none ; the achlamydeous flowers sessile in a close
spike. Stamens numerous : filaments slender, the outermost dilated at the
summit : anthers didymous, subglobose, somewhat unilocular. Ovary 1-
seeded : style none : stigma dilated, concave on one side. Seed erect. —
A glabrous herb. Rhizoma clothed with glumaceous scales. Leaves radical,
on long petioles, ternate : leaflets flabeUiform, sinuate-toothed. Scape very
long and slender : flowers small, ebracteate.

A. triphylla (DC. I. c.) — Leontice triphylla, Smith, in Rees^ cyclop.
N. W. Coast, Menzies. Near Fort Vancouver, in deep woods, Dr. Scou-
ler I Nuttall !

6. JEFFERSONIA. Bart, in trans. Am. phil. sac. 3. p. 334.

Sepals 4, petaloid. Petals 8, oblong. Stamens 8: anthers linear. Ovary
obovate : stigma peltate, subsessile. Capsule substipitate, dehiscent by a
transverse chink near the summit. Seeds numerous, crowded in several rows
on the broad lateral placenta : aril lacerate, unilateral. Embryo minute, at
the base of fleshy albumen. — Rhizoma horizontal, throwing up a simple 1-
flowered scape, and 2-foliolate or 2-parted leaves. Habit of Sanguinaria.

J. diphylla (Pers. syn.)— Pz/rs/i .'/. 1. p. 268; Bot. mag. t. 1513; Torr. !
ft. 1. p. 399. J. binata, Bart. I. c. (with a plate). J. Bartonis, Michx. !
ft. 1. p. 237. Podophyllum diphyllum, Linn.

54 CABOMBACE.E. Cabomba.

a. leaflets obscurely sinuate, or nearly entire.

iff. leaflets incisely 5-7-lobed.— J. lobata, Nutt.! in jour. acad. PJiilad.
7. p. 99.

In calcareous soils, New-York ! to the mountains of the Southern States!
/?. Kentucky, ///•. S/iort ! April. — Leaves glaucous beneath. Flowers white,
an inch in diameter. Sepals sometimes 3 or 5. Petals often 9. Stigma
with the margin undulate. Pericarp coriaceous. Seeds obovate-oblong ;
testa brownish, thick.

7. PODOPHYLLUM. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 449.

Sepals 3, caducous. Petals 6-9, obovate. Stamens 12-18: anthers linear,
bursting by a double longitudinal Une. Ovary ovate, subsessile, thick, peltate.
Capsule fleshy, indehiscent. Seeds numerous in several rows on a thick
lateral placenta, which at length becomes very large and pulpy. — A somewhat
poisonous herb: rhizoma horizontal (cathartic) : stem simple, 2-leaved and 1-
flowered at the summit : fruit large, subacid and edible when ripe.

P. peUatum (Linn.)— Mich.x. ! jl. 1. p. 309 ; Bigel. mat. med. t. 35 ; Nutt.
gen. 2. p. 10. P. caUicarpum, Raf.ji. Ludov. p. 14.

Woods and meadows, Canada ! to Louisiana. May— Leaves peUate, pal-
mately 5-7-parted ; lobes toothed or cleft at the apex ; the barren stems pro-
ducing but a single leaf, which is peUate in the centre. Flower Avhite, large,
nodding. Embryo minute at the base of fleshy albumen. — Mandrake, May-
apple — This genus certainly belongs to Berberidacese, as was first indicated
by R. Brown (Congo, p. 443, note.), notwithstanding the more numerous
stamens and the want of the peculiar dehiscence of the anthers.

Order YII. CABOMBACEiE. Richard.

Hydropeltidcoe, DC. ; Lindl.

Sepals 3-4, colored inside. Petals 3-4, alternate with the sepals.
Stamens definite (6) or somewhat indefinite (18-36), hypogynous :
anthers innate. Torus inconspicuous. Ovaries 2-18 : stigmas sim-
ple. Carpels indehiscent, tipped with the indurated style, 1-2-seeded.
Seeds globular, orthotropous, pendulous. Embryo minute, at the
base of fleshy albumen, enclosed in the persistent and thickened sac
of the nucule : radicle pointing from the hilum. — Aquatic plants,
with perennial roots. Floating leaves centrally peUate ; submersed
foliage filiformly dissected. Flowers small, on l-flowered peduncles.

1. CABOMBA. Aiiblet, fl. Guian. 1. p. 321. f. 124; Richard, in a7in.
mus. 17. p. 230. t. 5 ; Gray, in ann. lye. New-York, 4. p. 46.

Nectvis, Schreb,

Sepals 3, petaloid. Petals 3. Stamens 6. Ovaries 2-4. Carpels 1-3-
seeded. — Leaves opposite ; submerged ones filiformly dissected. Flowers
yellow or white.

Cbratopiiyllum. CERATOPHYLLACEiE. 53

1. C. Caroliniana (Gray): floating leaves elliptical or linear-oblong;
flowers white ; ovaries 3 or A.— Gray, I. c.—C. Aublutii, Midi.c.Jl. 1. p. 200.
Nectris pcltata, Pursh, f. 1. p. 239. rexcl. syn.) N. aquatica, Null. gen.
1. p. 230 ; Ell. ! sk. 1. p. 416, not of U7//c/.

In stagnant waters, from Newbern, N. Carolina (Croo7?i.') to Georgia!
and Louisiana ! May.— Stem branching. Submersed leaves with a renifomi
circumscription, 3-parted to the base: segments 3 times di-(middle one tri-)
chotomous ; lobes filiform, flat, obtuse. Floating leaves about an inch long
(often cmarginate at one end). Flowers about half an inch in diametor,
rarely 2-scpalous and 2-petalous. Petals oval, obtuse, with 2 yellow
spots at the base. Carpels ovate. — See Ann. lye. I. c.

2. BRASENIA. Schrcb. gen. p. 372 ; Nutt.gen. 2. p. 23.

Hydropeltis, Michx.

Sepals 3-4, colored within, persistent. Petals 3-4. Stamens 18-36. Ova-
ries 6-18. Carpels oblong-ovate, 2- (or by abortion 1-) seeded.— Stem, pedun-
cles, and lower surface of the centrally peltate leaves, thickly covered with a
gelatinous and viscid transparent substance. Flowers brownish-purple.

B. pel fata {V\irsh)—Nutt. I. c. ; Gray, I. c— Hydropeltis purpurea,
Mich.v. ! fl. 1. p. 324, t. 29 ; Bot. mag. t. 1147 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 112.

In still water, Canada! to Georgia! and west to Arkansas. July. — Stem
1-10 feet long. Leaves elliptical, alternate. Flowers the size of Caltha pa-
lustris.— See Nutt. I. c. for remarks on the structure of the stem and leaves.

Order VIII. CERATOPHYLLACE^. S. F. Gray.

Flowers moncecious. Sepals 8-12, united at the base (sometimes
cleft at the extremity), persistent. Petals none. Stamens 12-24 : an-
thers sessile, ovate-oblong, 2-3-cuspidate, crowded in the centre of the
calyx. Ovary free, ovate, simple : style filiform, oblique : stigma simple.
Fruit a crustaceous l-seeded achenium, apiculate with the indurated
persistent style. Seed suspended, orthotropous, destitute of albumen.
Embryo with a short radicle, 4 cotyledons (the opposite (upper) ones
smaller), and a highly developed gemmule. — Submersed aquatics,
growing in still water. Stems branching. Leaves whorled, rather
rif^id, 2-4-chotomously cleft into filiform or setaceous segments, which
are sometimes slightly toothed. Flowers axillary, minute. Fruit
armed with the persistent style and usually with two lateral spines.

1. CERATOPHYLLUM. Linn.; Gcertn. fr. t. 44; Ad. Brongn. in
ami. SCI. nat. 12. t. 44; Cham, in Linncea, 4. p. 503 ; Gray, in ami. lye.
New- York, 4. p. 41.

Character same as of the Order.

1. C. apiculatum (Cham.) : achenium elliptical, compressed, with a sin-
gle weak and short terminal spine ; margins wingless, not gibbous, furnished

56 NELUMBIACE^. Nelcmbium.

with a tubercle near the base; the sides slightly convex.— C7mm. I.e. p. 505.
t. 5. Jig. 6. e. C. submersum, DC. prodr. 3. p. 74, fide Cham.
California near St. Francisco, Chamisso.

2. C. echinatum (Gray) : achenium elliptical, slightly compressed, with 3
short spines ; sides strongly muricated ; margins sligiitly winged, not gibbous,
armed with blunt teeth, which finally become weak spines or horns as long as
the lateral spines. — Gray, I. c. p. 49. — C. demersum (wholly or in part) of
American botanists.

Princeton, New-Jersey ! in deep water. — Achenium rather large. Near C.
muricatum, Cham. — Specimens of Ceratophyllum are seldom collected in
fruit, and little is known concerning our species. On further investigation
other species may be discovered, or, which is not very improbable, the various
forms that have been described may prove to be states of the same species.

Order IX. NELUMBIACE^E. Lindl

Sepals 4 or 5. Petals numerous, in many rows, arising outside the
disk. Stamens indefinite, in several rows, arising from within the pe-
tals : filaments petaloid : anthers adnate, introrse. Torus a fleshy
elevated disk, excessively enlarged, enclosing the numerous separate
ovaries in hollows of its substance. Nuts numerous, loose and half
buried in hollows of the disk, 1- (rarely 2-) seeded, crowned with
the style. Seed suspended, orthotropous, destitute of albumen. Em-
bryo large, with 2 fleshy cotyledons and a highly developed plumule,
consisting of a pair of primordial leaves and a bud, enclosed in the
persistent membrane of the nucule. — Herbs, growing in deep water,
with large emersed centrally peltate fleshy leaves, and 1-flowered
peduncles arising from a prostrate rhizoma. Flowers very large.
Juice milky.

1. NELUMBIUM. Juss. ; Willd. sp. 2. p. 125S.

Nelumbo, Ada/is.
Character same as of the Order.

1. N. luteum, (Willd.) : anthers produced into a linear appendage. — DC.

?irodr. 1. p. 113; Turpin, in ann.mus.l.p. 210. f. 11. Nymphaea Ne-
umbo, Walt. Car. p. 155. Cyamus flavicomus, Salisb. ami. hot. 2. p. 45 ;
Pursh, fl. 2. p. 398. Cyamus luteus, Nutt. gen. 2. p. 5. Nelumbium co-
dophylliim, Raf. Jl. Ludov.?

In ponds and lakes throughout the Southern and Western States ! rare in
the Middle and Eastern. Big Sodus Bay, Lake Ontario, Dr. Sartwell!
Haddam, Connecticut, Prof. Hitchcock! Philadelphia! June. — Leaves
orbicular, 1-2 feet in diameter. Peduncles slightly muricate, emersed.
Flowers pale yellow. — A'', pentapetalum, Willd. (Nymphfea pentapetala,
Walt. " Corolla 5-petala, alba.") rests wholly on the authority of Walter,
and is probably not distinct. — The tubers, which, according to Nuttall, "re-
semble those of the Sweet-Potato and are connected by running roots, are
when boUed as farinaceous and agreeable as the potato, and are employed
for food by the Osage and other western Indians." NxUt. coll. fi. Arkans.dn
traits, am. phil. soc. 2. ser. 5. p. 160.

NufHHAR. NYMPHiEACEiE. 57

Order X. NYMPHiEACEiE. S'allsb. (in part.)

Sepals and petals numerous, imbricated, passing gradually into
each other, the former persistent, the latter inserted upon tlie disk
which surrounds the pistil. Stamens indefinite, in several rows, in-
serted into the disk : filaments petaloid : anthers adnate, introrse.
Torus a fleshy disk surrounding the ovary more or less. Ovary many-
celled, many-seeded: stigmas radiate. Fruit many-celled, indehiscent.
Seeds very numerous, covering the spongy dissepiments, or rather
placentie, and enveloped in a gelatinous aril, anatropous. Albumen
forinaceous. Embryo minute, next tlie hilum, inclosed in the mem-
branous sac of the nucule : cotyledons foliaceous. — Herbs with pel-
tate or cordate fleshy leaves, and 1-flowered peduncles, arising from a
prostrate trunk : aquatic. Flowers large, white or yellow.

1. NYMPH^A. Tourn. ; DC. syst. 2, p. 49.

Sepals 4, at the base of the torus. Petals and stamens passing insensibly
into each other, attached to the torus which surrounds the ovary. — Flowers
white or rose-color.— 7 White Water-Lily.

1. N. odorata (Ait.) : leaves orbicular or somewhat reniform, with the
primary veins numerous and prominent beneath; stigma 16-20-rayed; rays
incurved.

a. sinus and lobes of the leaf more or less acute. — N. odorata, Ait. Kew. ;
Willd. hort. Berol. 1. t. 39; Pitrsli,fl. 2. p. 368 ; BC. syst. 2. p. 57; Hook. ft.
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 32. N. alba, Micha:. ! Ji. 1. p. 311.

/?. sinus and lobes more or less rounded. — N. reniformis, Walt. Car. p.
155; DC. syst. I. c; Deless. ic. 2. t.5. Nelumbium reniforme, Willd.
sp. 2. p. 1260.

y. smaller; leaves and peduncles purplish; flowers rose-color. — N. odorata
0. rosea, Pursh, I. c. N. odorata /?. minor, Bat. mag. t. 1652. N. minor
DC. I.e.

In deep and in shallow water, throughout N. America east of the Rockv
Mountains! June-Sept. — Rhizoma very large. Leaves floating; sinus reach-
ing to the centre. Flower fragrant, closing in the afternoon. — N. alba is said
by Nuttall to grow in the neighbourhood of Detroit.

2. NUPHAR. Smith ; DC. syst. 2. p. 59.

Sepals 5-6, petaloid, inserted at the base of the torus. Petals numerous
inserted with the sepals, very much smaller, nectariferous on the back.
Stamens inserted with the petals. — Flowers yellow.— Ye/Zoto Pond-Lily.

}■ N. lutea (Smith) : sepals 5 ; stigma entire, 16-20-rayed, deeply um-
bilicate ; leaves cordate-oval, with approximate lobes ; petioles triquetrous.
DC— Ait. Kew. (ed. 2.) 3. p. 295 ; Pursh, A. 2. p. 369 ; Hook.Jl. Bor.-Am.

8

58 SARRACENIACEiE. Sarracenia.

1. p. 32; Bongard. veg. Sitcha, I. c. p. 124. Nymphsea lutea, Linn.;.
Michx.! fl. 1. p. 311.

p. Kalmiana: stigma 8-14-raye(l, somewhat crenate. — N. Kalmiana,
Pursh, I. c. ; Hook. I. c. Nympha;a lutea 0. Kalmiana, Michx.! jl. 1.
7>. 311. N. Kalmiana, Hot. mag. t. 1243.

Subarctic America, Dr. Richardsoii. Sitcha, Bongard. p. Northern
States ! and Canada ! — Leaves floating, fl. is usually a much smaller plant,
but is sometimes nearly as large as the succeeding species : the sinus of the
leaf is commonly open.

2. A^. advp.na (Ait.) : sepals mostly six, the outer ones smallest ; stigma
slightly umbilicate and repand, 12-25-rayed ; leaves cordate with the lobes
diverging ; petioles semi-terete. — Pursh, Jl. 2. p. 369 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 8 ;
Hook. I. c. Nympha;a advena, Michx. ! fi. 1. j). 311; Willd. hort. Berol. 1.
t. 37. N. lutea, Walt. Car. p. 154.

fl. tomenlosa : leaves canescently tomentose beneath. — N. tomentosa,
Nutt. herb. !

Canada to Georgia ! and Arkansas ; west to Oregon ! /?. near Philadelphia !
— Leaves floating in deep water, erect and emersed in shallow. Sepals
roughish, the outer ones green. — Perhaps not specifically distinct from the
preceding.

3. A^. sagittcefolia (Pursh) : sepals 6 ; petals none ; anthers subsessile ;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, sagittate, obtuse. — Pursh, Jl. 2. p. 370 ; Ell. sk. 2.
p. 9 ; DC. syst. 2. p. 62; Nutt. gen. 2. p. 13. Nymphsea sagittsefolia, Walt.
Car. p. 154. N. longifolia, Michx. ! Jl. 1. p. 312.

N. Carolina! to Georgia ! — Rhizoma erect. (Z>C) Leaves membranace-
ous, often a foot long. Outer sepals green ; the inner petaloid, narrowed at
the base. Flowers the size of N. lutea.

Order XL SARRACENIACE^. De la Pylaie.

Sepals 5, persistent, with a small S-leaved involucre on the outside ;
aestivation imbricated. Petals 5, hypogynous, unguiculafe, concave.
Stamens indefinite, hypogynous : anthers oblong, adnate, introrse.
Ovary 5-celled, with the placentas in the axis : style single : stigma
persistent, petaloid, peltate, with 5 angles. Capsule 5-celIed, 5.valved ;
dehiscence loculicidal : placentae projecting into the cells, many-
seeded. Seeds anatropous, minute. Embryo minute, cylindrical,
placed near the hilum : albumen copious. — Herbaceous perennial
plants, living in bogs. Roots fibrous. Leaves (purplish or yellowish-
green) radical, with the petiole tubular or pitcher-shaped ; the lamina
small, rounded, and usually inflected over (he orifice of the petiole.
Scape l-flowered : flower large, nodding, yellow or purple.

Of the six species known, five are confined to the Southern States east of the Alle-
ghany Mountains, and the sixth is found as far north as Newfoundland.

Sarhacenia. SARRACENIACE^.

1. SARRACENIA. Linn. ; Nutt. gen. 2. p. 10 ; Croom, in ami. hjc.
New- York, 4.^. 98.

Character same as of the Order.

1. S. purpnrea {\umn.) : leaves short, ascending, arcuate; tube inflated,
gibbous, with a very broad wing; lamina erect, cordate, hairy within ;
ilower purple.— j5of. mag. t. 849; Michx.! Ji. 1. f>. 310; Ell. sk. 2. p. 9;
Hook. ft. Bor.-Am.. 1. p. 33; De la Pylaie, in ami. Linn. soc. Par.Q.p.
388. t. 13 ; Croom .' I. c. p. 98. S. heterophylla, Eaton, man. hot.

Hudson's Bay to Florida ! common in the northern States. May- June. —
Tube usually half-filled with water and dead insects. Stipules ovate, mu-
cronale. Petals inflected over the stigma.

2. <S. rubra. ( Wait.) : leaves elongated and slender, erect ; tube slightly
dilated upwards, with a narrow linear wing ; lamina erect, mucronate, nar-
rowed at the base ; flower reddish-purple. — Walt. Car. p. 152 ; Ell. sk. 2.
p. 10 ; Hook, e.vot.f. t. 13. f in hot. mag. t. 3515; Croom ! I. c. p. 99.

N. Carolina! to Georgia! May. — Leaves 10-15 inches long; the throat
open. Flowers smaller than in S. purpurea : petals obovate.

3. S. Drummondii (Croom) : leaves very long, erect; tube dilated above,
with a very narrow wing; the upper portion, as well as the orbicular erect
lamina, whitish and strongly reticulated with purple veins ; flower purple. —
Croom ! I. c. p. 100. t. 6.

Florida near Apalachicola, Drummondl &. Dr. Chapman! and on the
Apalachicola river near Ocheesee, Dr. Chapman ! April. — Leaves 20-30
inches long, trumpet-shaped, broad at the mouth. Lamina clothed with
strong hairs within. Flower large.

4. S. p.nttacina. (Michx.) : leaves short, reclined, marked with white
spots; tube inflated, with a very broad semi-obovate wing; lamina ventri-
cose, recurved so as nearlv to close the tube ; flower purple. — Michx. ! ji. 1.
;). 311; Pursh.fl. 2. p. 368 (excl. syn. Walt.) ; Croom! I. c. p. 101. S.cal-
ceolata, Nutt. ! in trans. Am. phil. soc. (2. ser.) 4. p. 49. t. 1. S. pulcheUa,
Croom, in Sill. jour. 25. p. 75.

Georgia ! Florida ! and Louisiana ! March-April. — Leaves 3-4 inches
long : tube narrow ; orifice small.

5. S. variolaris (Michx.) : leaves elongated, nearly erect ; tube sHghtly
inflated above, spotted on the back, with a linear-lanceolate wing; lamina
incurved and fornicate; flower yellow. — Mich.v.! JI. 1. p. 310; Bot. mag. t.
1710 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 12 ; Croom ! I. c. p. 102. S. minor, Walt.l S. adunca.
Smith, e.Tot. bot. t. 53.

Pine-barren ponds, S.Carolina! Georgia! and Florida! March-April.
— Leaves 12-18 inches long, with white diaphanous spots. Flowers the
size of S. purpurea: petals inflected over the stigma.

6. S. fava (Linn.) : leaves erect, very long; tube trumpet-shaped with
an expanded throat ; wing almost none ; lamina erect, much contracted at
the base, the sides reflexed ; floM^er yellow. — Walt. Car. p. 153 ; Michx. ! JI.
1. p. 310 ; Bot. mas: t. 780; Ell. sk. 2. p. 10; Croom., I. c. p. 103 ; Audub.
birds of Amer. t. 300. S.Catesbffii, Ell. I. c. (Catesb. Car. t. 69,)

Virginia to Florida ! and Louisiana! in wet pine-woods. April. — Leaves
1-3 feet long: lamina reniform, mucronate, minutely pubescent within, more
or less marked with purple veins. Flowers verv large : petals obovate-spatu-
late, undulate : stigma 2 inches broad. Odor of the ilower disagreeable. —
S. Catesbsei of Elliott is this species with the purple veins more than usually

60 PAPAVERACEvE. Papaver.

marked ; as was proved by the lamented Mr. Groom, whose monograph
affords a very complete account of this genus.

Order XII. PAP AVERAGES. Juss.

Sepals 2, or sometimes 3, imbricated in aestivation, caducous. Pe-
tals 4, placed in a cruciate manner, or sometimes 5-6, hypogynous.
Stamens hypogynous, distinct, as many or twice as many as the pe-
tals, or often numerous but some multiple of the petals, sometimes in
as many parcels one of which adheres to the base of each : anthers
innate. Ovary composed of 2 or more united carpels (distinct in
Platystemon) : style short or none : stigmas when several usually stel-
late upon the fiat apex of the ovary. Fruit l-celled, either pod-shaped
with 2-3, or capsular with several parietal placentae, which are alter-
nate with (in Papaver opposite) the stigmas ; the valves often separating
from the placentae. Seeds numerous, anatropous, sometimes slightly-
curved. Embryo minute, at the base of fleshy and oily albumen. —
Herbs (very rarely shrubs), with commonly a milky or colored nar-
cotic, and often acrid, juice. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, often
more or less divided. Flowers solitary on long peduncles, white, yel-
low, or red, never blue.

1. True PapaveracecB.

1. PAPAVER. Linn.; Gccrtn.fr. t. 60.

Sepals 2. Petals 4. Stamens numerous. Style none : stigmas 4-20,
sessile radiating on the summit of the ovary. Capsule obovate, thick, open-
ing under the crown formed by the stigmas : placenta; many-seeded, oppo-
site to the stigmas ! and extending into the cavity so as to form incomplete
partitions.— Herbs with a white narcotic juice. Peduncles droopmg at the
extremity before &.owenng.— Poppy.

1 P. nuclicaule (Linn.) : hairy ; leaves pinnatifid, with acute incised
lobe's; peduncles radical, very long; sepals clothed with bristly hairs; cap-
sules hispid, obovate-oblong.— 5o^. mag: t. 1663 ; Ptirsh,Jl. 2. p. 365 ; DC.
prodr. 1. p. 117 ; Hook. ! fi. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 34.

Labrador! and Arctic America! Unalaschka, Chamisso.—li Flowers
mostly yellow.

2. P. dubium (Linn.): caulescent: stem hispid AA^th spreading hairs;
leaves pinnately parted ; segments incised ; peduncles clothed with appres-
sed bristly bans ; sepals hairy ; capsules obovoid-oblong, smooth..— Eng. hot.
t 644 ; DC. I. c; Durlin^t. fi. Cest. ed. 2. p. 317.

In cultivated grounds ; becoming naturalized m Chester County, Pennsyl-
vania, Darlington.— (l) Flowers pale red or scarlet.

3. P. somnifernm (Linn.) : caulescent, glabrous and glaucous ; leaves
clasping, incised and toothed, the teeth someAvhat obtuse ; sepals glabrous ;
capsules' obovate or globose, glabrous.— Z>C. prodr. 1. p. 119.

Meconopsis. PAPAVERACEiE. 611

Growing; wild occasionally in waste grounds, but scarcely naturalized. —
(X) Common Poppy.

2. ARGEMONE. Linn.; Gcertn.fr. t. 60; Lam. ill. t. 452.

Sepals 2. Petals 4-8. Stamens numerous. Stigmas 4-7, almost sessile,
radiating, concave, free, alternate with the placentae. Capsule obovate,
opening at the apex by valves, which separate from the persistent filiform
placentae. Seeds globose, pitted and reticulated. — Annual glaucous herbs,
with a yellow juice. Leaves sessile, repand-sinuate or jjinnatifid, with
prickly teeth. Peduncles erect before and after flowering.

1. A. Me.vicana (Linn.) : loaves usually blotched with white ; flowers
solitary; calyx glabrous, prickly; petals yellow ; capsules prickly. — Bot.
mag. t. 243 ; Pursh.Ji. 2. p. 366'; Ell. sk. 2. p. 13; DC.prodr. 1. p. 120.

/?. flowers ochroleucous.

y. flowers larger, white. — A. Mexicana /?. albiflora, DC. I. c ; Bot. mag. t.
2342. A. alba, /?«/. _^. Ludov. A. Georgiana, Croom .' in Sill. jour. 25.
p. 75.

<5. capsules not prickly.

In waste and cultivated places throughout the Southern and Western
States. West to the Platte and Canadian Rivers ! Native ? ^. Key West !
Sparingly naturalized in the Northern States. June-Oct. — Prickly Poppy.

3. MECONOPSIS. Viguier, diss. p. 20; DC. syst. 2. p. 86.

Sepals 2. Petals 4. Stamens numerous. Style short but distmct: stig-
mas 4-6, radiating, convex, free. Capsule obovate, opening by valves at
the apex : placental (opposite to the stigmas ?) slender, scarcely extending
into the cell. — Perennial herbs with a yellow juice. The first section is
very near Papaver; the second is somewhat allied to Argemone.

§ 1. Capsides o-6-[^sometimes 4-] talced, smooth. — Meconopsis, DC.

1. M. hetcr'ophylla (Benih.): leaves few and remote, pinnatcly divided;
segments of the lower ones ovate, incised and petioluled ; of the upper li-
near, entire, someAvhat confluent. Benth. in hart, trans, (ser. 2.) ].p. 40.

California, Douelas, Nuttall ! — A foot high. Flowers smaJl, scarlet.
Petals unequal. Nutt.

2. M. crassifoUa (Benth.) : stem leafy at the base ; leaves rather thick,
glaucous, pinnately divided ; the segments incisely lobed, with revolute mar-
gins ; those of the lower leaves ovate-cuneifonu, of the upper linear-cunei-
form. Benth. '. I. c.

California, Douglas ! — Flowers orange-red.

§ 2. Capsides A-valved, echinate-setose. — Stylophorum, Nutt.

3. M. diphylla (DC.) : leaves pinnately divided or parted ; segments 5-7,
obovate-oblong, sinuate, glaucous beneath ; cauline leaves mostly 2, opposite ;
peduncles aggregated, terminal. — DC. syst. 2. p. 88, ^ prodr. 1. p. 121.
M. petiolata, DC. I. c. Chelidonium diphyllum, Michx. ! Jl. 1. p. 309.
St)^lophorum diphyllum, Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 7. S. petiolatum, Nutt. ! I. c.
S. Ohioense, Sprcng. syst. 2. p. 570.

62 PAPAVERACE^. Glaucidm.

Shady woods, Western States ! May-July.— Sparsely pubescent when
young, at length glabrous. Upper segments of the leaves confluent; the
lower pair distinct. Flower bright yellow, an inch or more in diameter.
Capsule ovoid.— The floral leaves arc, we believe, always petioled; the peti-
oles sometimes longer than the leaves, sometimes shorter. The erroneous
character " foliis sessilibus" of Michaux has caused the introduction of a
nominal species.

4. SANGUINARIA. Linn.j Lam. ill. 1 449; Nutt. gen. 2. p. 9.

Sepals 2. Petals 8-12. Stamens 24. Stigmas 2, connate. Capsule
oblong and almost pod-shaped, acute at each end, 2-valved ; valves separat-
ing from the persistent filiform placentae. Seeds numerous, obovate, with a
cristate raphe. — An acaulescent herb, with an acrid orange-colored juice,
and a large creeping rhizoma. Leaves reniform, palmately 5-7-lobed ; the
lobes mostly sinuate, crenate, or repand. Scapes 1-flowered, each accompa-
nied by a single leaf. Flower rather large, white.*— Blood-Eoot. Bed-root.

S. Canadensis (Linn.)— Michx. ! fl.l.p. 309; Bat. mag. t. 162; Nutt.!
I. c; DC. prodr. 1. p. 131 ; Bigel. med. hot. 1. p. 75. t. 7 ; Hook. fl. Bor.-
Am. 1. p. 35. S. grandiflora, Base ; Brit. fi. gard. (2. ser.) t. 147.

Open Avoods, in light soil, &c. Canada ! to Florida ; west to the Missis-
sippi. March-April.— Scape 3-8 inches high. Petals oblong, attenuate at
the base.

5. CHELIDONIUM. Linn. ; Gcurtn. fr. t. 115.

Sepals 2. Petals 4. Stamens rather numerous. Capsule pod-shaped,
linear, 2-valved ; valves dehiscing from the base to the apex. Seeds many,
furnished with a glandular cristate raphe. — Perennial herbs, with a saSion-
colored acrid juice. Flowers small, yellow. — Celandine.

1. C. majus (Linn.) : peduncles many-flowered ; pedicels somewhat um-
bellate; leaves pinnately divided, glaucous; segments ovate, crenately incis-
ed or lobed, the termirial one cuneiform-obovate ; capsules torulose. — Eng.
hot. t. 1531; Pursh, fi. 2. p. 365; DC. prodr. 1. p. 123.

In waste places. Introduced. May-Oct.— Root fusiform. Leaves large,
pale-green : leaflets 5-7.

6. GLAUCIUM. Linn.; GcBrtn.fr. t.llo.

Sepals 2. Petals 4. Stamens numerous. Capsule pod-shaped, 2-valved,
2-celled by a cellular partition. Seeds many, ovate-reniform. — Biennial
glaucous herbs, with an acrid saffron-colored juice. — Horn-Poppy.

* By a singular typographical error, the habit of the geims, in De Candolle's
Prodromus, is made to read " Herba Boreali- Americana succo sanguineo fcexa fnliis
longius basi cimealis, panicula laxiore cernua. — In Nova-Hispania." The latter
part of the phra?e belongs to Bocconia frutescens l3. on the same page. The mis-
take is inadvertently copied in Hooker's Flora Borcali-Americana.

Chryseis. • PAPAVERACEiE. 63

1. G. Jiaviim (Crantz.): stem glabrous; cauline leaves clasping, pinna-
tifid ; floral ones repand ; pod roughened with tubercles. — " Crantz, ft. Anslr.
2. p. 141"; DC. prodr. 1. ;;. 122. G. luteuni, Smith, Eng. hot. t.8;
Pursh ! fl. 2. p. 365.

On the coast of Virginia & Carolin.'x, Pursh; & on the banks of the Poto-
mac ! Introduced. June-July. — Radical leaves large, bipinnatifid, pubescent
on both sides with short hairs. Calyx bristly. Petals large, bright yellow.
Capsule 6-9 inches long.

7. CHRYSEIS.* Lindl. hot. rcg. t. 1677.

Eschscliolzia, Cham. ; DC. (not Elsholtzia, Willd.)

Torus dilated, salver- form ; limb expanded. Sepals 2, cohering by their
edges, forming a mitre-shaped calyx, which is separated from the torus when
the petals expand. Petals 4, inserted into the throat of the torus. Stamens
numerous, adhering to the claws of the petals. Stigmas linear-filiform, ses-
sile, commonly 4, two of which are shorter and abortive (sometimes 5-7, of
which 2-3 are abortive). Capsule pod-shaped, cyUndrical, 10-ribbed, 10-
striate, with 2 parietal placentae opposite the smaller stigmas. Seeds glo-
bose, reticulated. — Annual glaucous herbs, with a colorless juice having the
odor of muriatic acid. Leaves 2-3-pinnatifid, with linear segments. Pe-
duncles 1-flowered. Flowers yellow, showy.

1. C. Californica (Lindl.) : stem branching, leafy ; torus obconic ; calyx
ovoid, Avith a very short abrupt acumination ; petals bright yellow with an
orange spot at the base. — Lindl. I. c. Eschscholzia Californica, Cham.; Nees,
hort. Berol. <^ Bonn. p. 73. t. 15; Cham, d^ Schlecht. in Linncea, 1. p.
554; Lindl. hot. reg. t.ll68 ; Hook, in hot. mag. t. 2887, ^ Ji. Bor.-Am. 1.
p. 34.

California ! Oregon ! & N. W. Coast. Flowers in cultivation 2 inches or
more in diameter. — This species and C. crocea are now common in our gar-
dens.

2. C. crocea (Lindl.) : stem branching, leafy ; torus funnel-form, with a
much dilated limb ; calyx obconic, with a long acumination ; flowers orange-
yellow. — Lindl. I. c. t. 1677. Eschscholtzia crocea, Benth.! in hort. trans.
(2. ser.) 1. p. 407 ; Brit. ft. gard. (2. ser.) t. 299.

California, Douglas I — Flowers as in the preceding species (the orange
color apparently not entirely constant). Stigmas sometimes 5-7! Pod 2
inches long.

3. C. ccBspitosa (Lindl.) : stems short, leafy at the base ; segments of the
subradical leaves linear, somewhat dilated and cuneiform; peduncles elongat-
ed, erect ; torus tubular, with scarcely any limb ; calyx attenuate at the apex
into a long acumination. — Eschscholtzia caespitosa, Benth. I. c.

California, Douglas. — Flowers considerably smaller than in the preceding
species. Benth.

* We follow Lindley in discarding the name Eschscholzia {or Eschscholtzia as it
has commonly been written,) for this genus ; there being an older and generally admit-
ted genus dedicated to the father of the Dr. Eschscholz (or raiher Elsholtz) who
accompanied Chamisso in RonianzofV's voyage, and whom this genus commemo-
rates.

64 PAPAVERACE^. Meconella

4. C. tenuifolia (Lindl.): stems short, leafy at the hase ; segments of the
subradical leaves linear-subulate ; peduncles elongated, erect ; torus tubular,
with a very short limb ; calyx rather obtuse, acuminate. — Eschscholtzia te-
nuifolia, Benth. ! I. c.

California, Douglas /—Stature and flov\^ers as in the preceding species.
Be7ith.

5. C. hypecoklps (Lindl.) : stems elongated, branched, leafy ; segirients
of the leaves short, linear-cuneifomi ; torus tubular, with scarcely any limb :
calyx Avith a short acumination. — Eschscholtzia liypecoides, Benth. ! I. c.

California, Douglnn !—A small and slender plant. Flowers not one-third
as large as in C. Californica. Resembles Hypecoum grandiflorum. Benth.

.8 DENDROMECON. Benth. in hort. trans, (ser. 2.) 1. p. 407.

Sepals 2, Petals 4. Stamens numerous: filaments filiform: anthers
hnear. Stigmas 2, short and rather thick, sessile. Capsule pod-shaped, fur-
rowed, attenuate at the summit; valves thick and coriaceous or almost
woody, dehiscing from the base to the apex : placentae filiform. Seeds
rather large and numerous, pyriform, smooth.— A branching glabrous shrub !
(the juice not milky ; taste astringent and slightly acid, Nutt.) Leaves
rigid and coriaceous, articulated with the stem, lanceolate or oblong, cuspi-
date-acuminate, strongly reticulated, denticulate on the margin. Peduncles
axillary, 1-flowered. Flowers large, yellow.

D. rigidum (Benth. ! 1. c.)—HooTc. ic. t. 37.

Monterey, California, Douglas! On the summits of mountains near St.
Barbara, Nuttall !

9. MECONELLA. Nutt. mss.

" Sepals 3, somewiiat jjilose. Petals 5-6. Stamens 4-6 : filaments mem-
branaceous, dilated upwards : anthers very short, the cells disjoined. Stig-
mas 3 (rarely 4), linear, very short, sessile. Capsule pod-shaped, slender, 3-
(rarely 4-) valved : valves flat, 1-nerved, dehiscing from the apex to the base,
not separating from the placenta;. Seeds numerous, smooth and shining,
subglobose.— A very small, annual, glabrous and somewhat glaucous herb.
Stems slender, dichotomously branched. Radical leaves in a rosulate clus-
ter, spatulate ; cauline ones linear or linear-spatulate, opposite ; the lower-
most ternate, entire. Peduncles axillary, filiform, 1-flowered. Flower very
small, ochroleucous."

M. Oregana (Nutt. ! mss.)

"• Open plains of the Oregon near its confluence with the Wahlamet.
May.— Plant 3-5 inches high. Cauline leaves small. Peduncles 1-3 inches
long. FloAvers 2-3 lines wide. Petals oblong-cuneifomi, yellow at the base.
Capsules linear, 6-10 Unes long. Evidently related to Platystigma." Nutt.
—This interesting but humble "pknt seems to stand between Platystemon
and Hypecoum, two genera (which notwithstanding their anomalies ought
not to be removed from the family,) having apparently little relationship:
it agrees with the latter in its definite stamens, and with the former in the
foliage and floral envelopes, dilated filaments, &c. The torus is somewhat
like that of Chryseis on a very small scale.

Platystemon. PAPAVERACE^. 6S

10. PLATYSTIGMA. Benth. inhort. trans. I. c. p. 407; Ilvok.ic. t. 38.

Sepals 2-3, pilose. Petals 4-6. Stamens numerous : filaments filiform
{Benth. Hook.) [dilated and membranaceous, acute at the apex] : anthers
linear. Stigmas 3, sessile, oval, somewhat spreading. Capsule ovoid-ob-
long, attenuate at the base, 3-valved ; valves dehiscing from the apex to the
base: placenta; filiform. Seeds smooth and shining (roundish kidney-shap-
ed. Hook.). — A small ca;spitose annual herb, with the stem abbreviated or
almost none, and mostly radical and crowded, linear, entire, glabrous or
slightly hairy leaves. Peduncles radical or nearly so, numerous, slender. 1-
flowered, clothed with spreading hairs. Flowers pale yellow, nodding before
expansion.

P. lineare (Benth. ! 1. c.) — Hook. ! ic. I. c. ; Fisch. ^ Meyer, ind.sem. St.
Petersb. {Dec. 1835) p. 47; Lindl. bot. reg. i. 1954.

Monterey, California, Douglas .'--Scapes a span high. Flowers nearly
as large as in Ranunculus acris : petals obovate. — There is a genus Platy-
stigma of R. Brown: but we have not the means of ascertaining Avhich has
the priority. — The filaments in our specimen are manifestly dilated, and li-
near-oblong or lanceolate instead of filiform. The same thing is remarked by
Fischer &. Meyer, who examined the living plant raised from seeds sent
from the Russian settlement in California. The 3 outer petals, according to
these botanists, are golden yellow with a transverse white band ; the inner
ones white with pale yellow claws.

2. Papaverace(2 Ranunculincoi.

11. PLATYSTEMON. Benth. in hort. trans. I. c. p. 405.

Sepals 3, pilose. Petals 6. Stamens numerous: filaments dilated, mem-
branaceous, oblong or obcordate : anthers linear. Ovaries 10-14, distinct !
oblong-linear, cro-wned with a linear sessile stigma. Fruit consisting of 10-
14 distinct, linear, indehiscent, torulose carpels, which are articulated or
transversely strangulated between each seed. — A small pale-green annual
herb(destituteof colored juice, Mi^^.), sparsely clothed with shaggy spreading
hairs. Leaves half-clasping, oblong-linear, obtuse, entire, alternate, often
crowded so as to appear opposite or whorled at the origin of the branches
and peduncles, 3-5-nerved. Peduncles axillary, elongated, 1-flowered.
Flower ochroleucous.

P. Californicum (Benth. ! I. c.)— Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1679 ; Don, in Brit.
fl. gard. {ser. 2.) t. 394 ; Hook. bot. mag. t. 3579.

a. Stem somewhat elongated, nearly glabrous; leaves linear-oblong, very
obtuse; carpels pilose-hispid.

p. lineare: stem abbreviated ; leaves narrowly linear, 1-3-nerved.

y. leiocarpitm: carpels glabrous. — P. leiocarpum, Fisch. ^ Meyer, ind.
sem. St. Petersb. (Dec. 1835) p. 47.

California, Z>oi«g-/as .' Nuttall! — Plant 8-12 inches high. Leaves 1-2
inches long, with scattering hairs on the nerves and margins. Flower 10-12
lines in diameter when expanded : petals obovate. sometimes orange-velloAV

9

66 FUMARIACE^. Dielvtra.

at the base. Carpels apprcssed, (at first united, at length separating. Hook.)
6-8 lines long: stigmas persistent, 2-3 lines long. Torus somewhat dilated. —
P. leiocarpum, Fisch. &■ Meyer, is nothing more than an accidental variety ;
the carpels in some of Mr. Nuttall's specimens being perfectly glabrous, iii
others with a few hairs. — This anomalous genus is almost exactly interme-
diate between Papaveracese and Kanunculacese.

Order XIII. FUMARIACE^. DC.

Sepals 2, small, deciduous. Petals 4, hypogynous, cruciate ; one or
both of the two outer ones saccate or spurred at the base ; the inner
pair cohering at the callous apex, and enclosing the anthers and stig-
ma. Stamens 6, hypogynous : filaments in two parcels, placed oppo-
site the outer petals, dilated, distinct or usually diadelphous: anthers
adnate, extrorse ; the middle one of each parcel 2-celIed ; the lateral
ones 1-celled. Ovary composed of 2 united carpels, l-celled, with 2
parietal placentae : style filiform : stigmas united, often lobed or cuspi-
date, alternate with .the inner petals. Fruit either an indehiscent 1—
2-seeded nut, or a 2.valved many-seeded pod-shaped capsule ; the
valves at length often separating from the persistent filiform placentae .
Seeds anatropous or partly campulitropous, shining, arilled : albumen
fleshy. Embryo in the genera with indehiscent fruit minute and ex-
centric, in the others longer and more or less curved or circinate. —
Annual or perennial glabrous and often glaucous herbs, with a watery
juice. Leaves alternate, ternately or pinnately divided, exstipulate.
Flowers racemose or cymose, purple, white, or yellow.

The two lateral stamens of each pai'cel, having unilocular anthers, may be con-
eidered as half-stamens, formed by the division of the two stamens which correspond
to the inner petals : the true number in the order, according to this view, being four,
one to each petal. — Lindley is inclined to regard the sepals as bracts, and the outer
petals as sepals : but their analogy with Papaveracese (from which Lindley, follow-
ing Bernhardi, distinguishes them only as a suborder) does not favor this view.

1. DIELYTRA. Borkhamen; Hook. (Diclytra, DC.)

Exterior petals equally saccate or spurred at the base. Capsule pod-shap-
ed, many-seeded. — Perennial herbs. Flowers (mostly) on scapes: racemes
simple, the pedicels furnished with a pair of opposite bracteoles ; or com-
pound, with the divisions cymose.

The centrifugal developement of the branches of the inflorescence in D. formosa,
&c. is indicated by the bibracteolate pedicels of D. CucuUaria and Canadensis.

1. D. Cucullaria (DC.) : spurs divaricate, straight and rather acute ;
wing of the inner petals short; raceme simple, 4-10-flowered. — DC. syst. 2.
p. 118; Hook.jl. Bor.-Am.. l.p. 35. D. Canadensis, Borkh. fide DC. Fu-
raaria Cucullaria, Linw. ; Michx.! Ji. 2. p. 51; Bot. mag. t. 1127. Cory-

DiELYTiuu FUMARIACEiE. 67

dalis Cucullaria, Pers. syn. 2. p. 269 ; Pursh ! jl. 2. p. 462. Cucullaria
bulbosa, Paf. in. Desv.jour. hot. 2. p. 159.

Shady Avoods, Canada! to Kentucky! and N. W. America. April. — Rhi-
zoma not creeping, bulbiferous; the scales (which are the persistent and
thickened bases ot" petioles, filled with fecula,) small, triangular, reddish
when exposed to the air, white Avhen subterranean. Leaves commonly 2 to
each stem, on long petioles, glaucous beneath, triternately decompound ; the
primary and secondary divisions petiolulate ; ultimate ones laciniately pin-
natifid ; the lobes oblong-linear, obtuse or somewhat acute, mucronulaie.
Scape 6-10 inches high. Flowers somewhat secund, nodding, white or
cream-color, yellow at the summit. Bracts and bracteoles minute, white.
Inner petals carinate ; the carina not projecting beyond the sununit. Fila-
ments distinct; the middle one with a subulate process projecting into the
cavity of the spur. Stigma compressed, reniform, obtusely 4-lobed. Cap-
sule 15-20-seeded.

2. D: Canadensis (DC.) : spurs short, rounded ; wing of the inner petals
projecting beyond the summit ; raceme simple, 4-6 flowered. — DC.prodr.
1. p. 126. Corydalis Canadensis, Gohlie, in Edivb. phil. joiir. 6. p. 330;
Thomas^ in Sill. jour. 26. p. 114. Diclytra eximia, Beck! hot. p. 23. D.
eximia /?. Ilook.Jl. Bor.-Ain. 1. p. 35.

Rocky woods, in rich soil, Canada ! to New- York ! and west to Kentucky !
April. — Subterranean stems creeping, sparsely tuberiferous ; the tubers
roundish, bright yeUow, and about as large as a grain of Indian corn ( — hence
the popular name. Squirrel-corn), each marked with the cicatrix of the
fallen petiole. Leaves resembling those of D. Cucullaria, but with narrower
lobes; commonly but one to each scape. Petioles terete. Scape 4-6 inches
high. Corolla cordate-ovate, greenish-white, tinged with purple. Spurs
rounded and slightly incurved. Flowers fragrant. — Pursh has confounded
this species with his Corydalis formosa.

3. D. formosa (DC): spurs short, obtuse, somewhat incurved ; wings of
the inner petals projecting beyond the summit ; raceme compound, the
branches cymulose ; stigma 2-horned at the apex ; leaves numerous. — DC.
.t7jst. 2. p. 109 (in part) ; Ell. sk. 2. p. Ill ; TJiomas, in Sill. jour. I. c. D.
eximia, DC. I. c. Fumaria formosa, Andr. hot. rep. t. 393 ; Sims, hot. mag.
t. 1155. F. eximia, Ker, hot. reg. t. 50. Corydalis formosa, Pursh! Jl. 2. p.
462. (excl. Canad. var.)

Clefts of rocks, on the mountains of Virginia and North Carolina, Pursh !
Nuttall ! Le Conte ! June-Sept. — Rhizoma scaly-bulbiferous. Leaves 3-8
or more, rising from the crown of the rhizoma; petioles channelled, dilat-
ed at the base ; divisions of the lamina variable in size and width, but
mostly oblong and incisely pinnatifid. Scape 8-12 inches high ; cymules
several-flowered, with conspicuous crowded purpHsh bracts. Flowers pen-
dulous, reddish-purple, oblong. Exterior petals attenuate upwards; lamina
somewhat spreading: wings of the inner petals projecting beyond the sum-
mit in the form of 2 oblong lobes. Filaments free at the base, united above.
Stigma 2 lobed, with 2 slender approximate horns between the lobes. — A
beautiful species, often cultivated, and flowering throughout the season.

4. D. saccata(l^utt. ! mss.) : " spurs short, very obtuse, saccate ; wings of
the inner petals scarcely projecting; raceme somewhat compound, few-
flowered; stigma triangular, entire; leaves numerous; rhizoma creeping."
— D. formosa & D. eximia, Hook.Jl. Bor.-Am. l.p. 352.

" Shady woods of the Oregon. — Leaves several trorn each rootstock, some-
what glaucous ; segments cuneate-obovate, incised, very acute. Scape
about a foot high. Raceme about 4-flowered : bracts linear-lanceolate and
acuminate. Sepals ovate, acute, appressed. Flowers broadly ovate, approxi-
mated at the summit of the scape, remarkably ventricose, pale red." \utt. —

63 FUMARIACEiE. Cory

Nearly allied to D. formosa, with which it has been confounded ; but distin-
guished by its less compound raceme, broader flowers, shorter wings of the
mner petals, and entire stigma. D. formosa appears to be confined to the
mountains of the Southern States.

5. D. lachenalkv folia (DC.) : spur very short and obtuse ; scape 3-4-
flowered ; pedicels longer than the calyx; leaves many-cleft, with linear very-
acute lobes. DC. syst. 2. p. Ill; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am.. 1. p. 36. Fumaria
tenuifolia, Ledeb. in mem. acad. St. Petersb. 5. (1815) p. 550; Cham. ^
Schlecht. in Linncea, 1. p. 558. _ ., ^ ,

Islands near the coast of extreme N. W. America, Pallas. Also iound
in Siberia and Kamtschatka.— Rhizoma fleshy, horizontal. Leaves several,
on long petioles; lobes crowded, linear, attenuated at each end. Scapes
several* 3-6 inches high. FloAvers purple, 2-3, in a short loose raceme, the
lower ones pendulous, the upper one erect. Pedicels variable in length,
often 3-4 lines long (sometimes 5 lines, Cham.<^ Schlecht.). Corolla 8 lines
long. J9C.— Stigma 5-toothed. Pallas— We have seen no specimens of
this plant. The preceding species should be compared with it.

D. tenuifolia, DC. syst. 2. p. 110. {Conjdalis tenuifolia, Pursh) not having been
found on the N. W. coast, as was supposed by Pursh, but in Kamtschatka, is omit-
ted from our Flora ; as is likewise D. bracteosa, DC. I. c, another very doubtful na-
tive of N. America.

2. ADLUMIA. Raf. in Desv.jour. bot. 2. p. 169; DC.

Petals united into a spongy persistent monopetalous corolla, bigibbous at
the base, 4-lobed at the apex. Capsule pod-shaped, linear-oblong, many-
seeded. — Herbaceous, climbing by the cirrhose petioles. Flowers in supra-
axillary racemose cymes.

A. cirrhosa (Raf. 1. c.)~DC. syst. 2. p. Ill ; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 399.
Corydalis fungosa. Vent, choix. t. 19; Pursh ! fl. 2. p. 463. Fumaria fun-
gosa, Willd. sp. 3. p. 857. F. recta, Mich.T. fl. 2. p. 51.

Shady rocky places, and along streams, Canada ! to N. Carohna ! July-
Sept. (2) Stem 8-15 feet long, branching and climbing over shrubs and

other plants. Leaves biternately divided; the primary divisions distant ; pe-
tioles twining like tendrils; ultimate segments obovate-cuneiform, incisely
2-3-lobed, petiolulate. Flowers numerous, pedicellate, pale violet, or nearly
white. Filaments united below into a tube, distinct above. Capsule includ-
ed in the marcescent corolla. Seeds 4-8, reniform-globose, somewhat com-
pressed.

3. CORYDALIS. DC. syst. 2. p. 113.

Only one of the exterior petals spurred at the base. Capsule pod-shaped,
few- or many-seeded : style persistent.— Cauline leaves few or numerous.
Racemes simple, terminal or opposite the leaves: pedicels ebracteolate.

§ 1. Annual or biennial., with fibrous roots : stems branching, leafy : pods
linear, many-seeded.— Ca^nites, DC. (partly.)

1. C. aurea (Willd.) : stem diffuse ; leaves somewhat glaucous, bipinnate ;
ultimate segments oblong, acute ; bracts lanceolate or ovate, acuminate ;
pods terete torulose.— IFiV/f/. enum. p. 740; DC. prodr. 1. p. 128;

CORYDALI3. FUMARIACEvE. 69

Pursh! fl. 2. J). 463; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 37. C. flavula, /inf. in
Desv. jour. hot. 2. p. 224; J)C'. I. c. Fumariaaurea, Ker, hot. rfj^. t. (i(j.

RocKy woods, Canada! to Georgia! west to Arkansas! Missouri! &, the
Rocky Mountains. April-Aug. — (T) or (2) Stem 6-12 inches long. Leaves
slender, finely divided. Racemes terminal, and opposite the leaves or supra-
axillary, 5-15-Howered. Flowers varying in size, in shady situations and
early in the season often scarcely 4 lines in length ; but in open places and
in mature plants nearly three-fourths of an inch long, golden yellow. Bracts
often longer than the pedicels, and sometimes even extending beyond the
fiower. Petals distinct, spur incurved. Stigma small, with 2 spreading
lobes. Pods 8-10 Unes long, and a line in diameter, smooth or rarely (in
specimens from Arkansas) hispid. — We have seen the poUen-tubes^very
distinctly in this plant, even in specimens collected many years ago.

2. C glanca ("Pursh) : erect, very glaucous ; leaves bipinnate ; ultimate
segments cuneiform, somewhat 3-lobed ; racemes often clustered ; bracts
linear, shorter than the pedicels ; pods scarcely torulose. — Piinsh, Jl. 2. p.
463; DC.prodr. 1. p. 128 ; Hook..' Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 37. Fumaria sem-
pervirens, lAnn. ; Michx. Jl. 2. p. 51. F. glauca, Bot. mag. t. 179.

Rocky places, Canada! to N. Carolina! May-July. — (l) or (^ Stem 1-
2 feet high, much branching. Raceme short, 6-10-flowered. Sepals purple.
Petals rose-color and yellow ; the inner ones with slender claws : spur short,
rounded. Stigma with small somewhat spreading lobes. Pods li inch
bug ; the valves at length separating from the persistent placentte.

§ 2. Perennial: stem simple, rising from, a large and thickened almost
ligneous root (rhizoma?) : cauline leaves 1-2: ^^ pods ovate or ellipti-
cal, 2-4:-seeded, opening elastically, the valves rolling hack to the base.
— Halticosia,"* Natt. mss.

3. C. Scoule.ri(YioQk.) : raceme nearly simple, shorter than the almost soli-
tary 3-4-pinnate leaf ; leaflets oval or oblong, oblique, decurrent, entire or
iobed ; bracts oblong, longer than the pedicels. Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 36. t.
14. C. psonia^folia, Pers. syn. 2. p. 269 ? ; DC. I. c? ex Hook.

Deep shady woods, N. W. America : plentiful near the confluence of the
Oregon with the sea. Dr. Scolder — Root tortuous, scaly at the neck.
Leaves very few (blackish when dry), one or more rather smaU radical ones ;
the lower cauline one very large ; the upper small. Flowers rose-color, pendu-
lous, 1-li inch in length, in a loose raceme : spur straight, attenuated, twice
the length of the petals: pedicels strongly curved downwards after flowering.
Stigma capitate, apiculate. Hook. — We are suspicious that both this and the
succeeding species will prove to be identical w^th C. pseonisefolia of Siberia
and Kamtschatka, which extends, according to Chamisso, nearly to America;
but the question can only be decided by comparison with the original speci-
mens in Willdenow's herbarium. The raceme, according to Hooker, is
more compound in that species than in C. Scouleri; but Chamisso remarks
{Linntea, I. p. 563.) that the racemes in his specimens are more commonly
simple.

4. C. macrophylla (Nutt. ! mss.) : " raceme simple, shorter than the biter-
nately pinnate leaves ; leaflets linear-oblong, straight ; bracts hnear, longer
than the pedicels.

* "To this section belongs C. impatiens, DC. and perhaps some other species."
J^utt.

70 FUMARIACEiE. Fumahia.

"Shady woods of the Wahlamet; particularly abundant near the falls, in
the darkest places. — Plant 3-4 feet hi^h. Root not ligneous, wholly subter-
ranean. Cauline leaves about 2 : ultimate segments longer than in the pre-
ceding species. Flowers pale red, about an inch long. Capsule oblong,
about 4-seeded, defiexed, of a thick and ahaost cartilaginous consistence,
bursting elastically with considerable force, and scattering the seeds to a dis-
tance. Stigma 2-lobcd at the base, 4-toothed at the summit." NiUt.

§ 3. Perennial: stem simple, from a tuberous rhizoma: cauline leaves
few: pods oval or oblong. — Capnoides, DC.

5. C. paucifiora (Pers.) : cauline leaves 2-3, below the middle of the
stem, ternately or biternately divided ; segments obovate ; bracts ovate,
acute; raceme crowded, few-flowered. DC.prodr. 1. p. 127; Pers. syn.2.
p. 269 ; Del ess. ic. 2. t. 3. / A ; Cham. ^- Schlecht. in Linncea, 1. p. 560.

Island of St. Lawrence, in Behring's Straits, Chamisso. A native also
of Ahaic Siberia, from whence we have specimens. — Tuber ovate, some-
times forked or paknate. Plant about 4 inches high. Leaves nearly radical,
on long petioles, the base of which sheaths the stem. Stem, or rather scape,
longer than the leaves, bearing a short crowded raceme of large purple flow-
ers. Spur incurved.

4. FUMARIA. Linn.; DC. syst. 2. p. 129.

Only one of the exterior petals spurred or gibbous at the base. Fruit a 1-
seeded subglobose nut : style deciduous. — Stems branching, leafy. Leaves
finely dissected. Flowers small, in dense racemes.

1. F. officinalis (Linn.): sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute, sharply toothed,
about the length of the globose retuse nut ; bracts much shorter than the pe-
dicels of the fruit. Arnott, in Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. l.p. 37.

0. diffuse or scandent ; segments oi the leaves broad, glaucous. Arnott, I. c.
F. media, D C. prodr. 1. p. 130. F. oflScinalis, Pursh, f. 2. p. 463 ; Darlingt.
f. Cest. jD. 401 ; Bigel f. Bost. ed. 2. p. 262.

Fields and cultivated grounds. Introduced. May-Aug. — (2) Stem 8-12
inches high, branching, at first erect, at length diffuse. Flowers pale violet
mixed Avith green and purple.

Order XIV. CRUCIFERiE. Ju.^s.

Sepals 4, deciduous, imbricatecl or very rarely valvate in aestivation ;
the two outer (anterior and posterior) corresponding to the stigmas,
often narrower ; the two inner opposite the valves of the capsule, often
concave or gibbous at the base, rarely spurred. Petals 4, hypogynous,
cruciate, alternate with the sepals, regular, mostly unguiculate and
nearly equal, deciduous. Stamens 6, hypogynous ; the two opposite
the lateral sepals shorter and usually inserted somewhat lower than
the others, occasionally toothed ; the other four in pairs opposite the

Cheiranthus. CRUCIFER^. 71

anterior and posterior sepals, distinct or rarely connate, sometimes
toothed : anthers introrse. Torus with 2 or more green glands between
petals or stamens and the ovary. Ovary composed ot' two united car-
pels, with two parietal placcnttC united by a membranaceous (false) dis-
sepiment : style short or none, continuous, often persistent : stigmas 2,
opposite the placentae (anterior and posterior). Fruit (a silique or
silicle) usually 2.celled, rarely 1-celled, one- or many-seeded, dehiscent
by the separation of the valves from the persistent placentJE, some-
times indehiscent and either lomentaceous or nucumentaceous. Seeds
campulitropous, mostly pendulous (funiculus free or sometimes adnate
to the septum), attached in a single row to each side of the placentae :
albumen none. Embryo with the cotyledons variously folded on the
radicle (very rarely straight !). — Herbaceous, or rarely somewhat
shrubby plants, with a watery, more or less acrid or pungent, juice.
Leaves alternate, often divided, exstipulate. Flowers in terminal ra-
cemes or corymbs : pedicels mostly ebracteate.

1. SiUquoscE.
Tribe I. ARABIDEiE. DC.

Silique dehiscent, usually elongated ; valves somewhat plane : sep.
turn linear. Cotyledons plane, accumbent (o=), parallel with the sep-
tum (i.e. with their edges directed to the placentae).

1. CHEIRANTHUS. R. Br. in hort. Kew. (ed. 2.) 4. p. 118 ; DC.sysi.

2. p. 178.

Silique terete or compressed. Stigma 2-lobed or capitate. Inner sepals
saccate at the base. Seeds in a single series, ovate, compressed.

1. C. capitatus (Dougl.) : somewhat rough ; leaves linear-lanceolate, en-
tire or more or less toothed, much attenuate at the base, and, Avith the stem,
strigosely pubescent ; hairs closely appressed and 2-parted ; flowers yellow
(rather large), densely corymbed; siliques 3 times the length of pedicels. —
Hook.Jl. Bor.-Am. l.p. 38. C. asper, Cham. ^ Schecht. in LvincBa, 1. p.
14. (excl. syn.)

California, Chamisso ; Oregon, Douglas. — (T) Stem a foot or more high,
acutely angled. Pedicels 5-6 lines long. SiHque 15 lines long and a hne in
width : valves marked with a prominent nerve. Stigma capitate, indistinct-
ly 2-lobed. Cham., Hook.

2. C. 7 Pallasii (Pursh) : leaves Hnear-lanceolate, repandly toothed,
nearly glabrous ; stem simple, terete, erect; flowers purple. DC. prodr. 1.
p. 136; Pursh, fi. 2. p. 436; Hook.Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 38.

North West Coast. July. Pursh (ex herb. Lamb.) — (2) Stem covered
with a closely appressed 2-parted pubescence, 7-9 inches high. Leaves
minutely pubescent. Raceme oblong. Pedicels filiform. Silique some-
what terete. Stigma minute, subcapitate. DC. — Perhaps a Hesperis.

72 CRUCIFER^. Nasturtium.

§ ? (an gen. ?) Silique nearly terete, somewhat torulose ; valves very
abrupt or truncate at the summit : style thick : stigma capitate : seeds
margined : sepals shorter than the claws of the (violet-purple) petals ;
the inner ones slightly gibbous at the base. — Iodanthus.

3. C. hesperidoides : glabrous ; lower leaves lyrate-pinnalifid ; upper ones
ovate-lanceolate, attenuate at the base, unequally and sharply serrate-toothed;
pedicels as long as the calyx ; limb of the petals roundish-obovate. — Hespe-
ris pinnatifida, Mc/i^. / /. 2. p. 31; Nutt. gen. 2. p. 69; DC. prodr. 1.
p. 190.

p. limb of the petals spatulate.

Banks of rivers, western part of Pennsylvania to Kentucky (Dr. Short !)
and Illinois, Mr. Buckley ! 0. Arkansas, Dr. Pitcher ! May -July — ^ Stem
1-3 feet high, angular aud striate, simple or branched. Leaves 2-4 inches
long, thin and membranaceous; lower ones usually pinnatifid toward the
base, with Avinged petioles ; middle ones sagittate-auricled at the base. —
Flowers racemose, the racemes often panicled : pedicels spreading. Sepals
ovate-oblong, obtuse, tinged with purple. Siliques about an inch and a
half long, narrowly linear, curved upward. Style terete, a line or more in
length, in fruit thicker than the depressed-capitate stigma. Seeds roundish-
oblong, with a narrow border. Cotyledons o=

2. NASTURTIUM. R. Br. in hort. Kew. (cd. 2.) i.p. 109; DC. syst.

2. p. 187.

Silique nearly terete, sometimes shortened so as to resemble a silicle, usu-
ally curved upward. Stigma somewhat 2-lobed. Sepals spreading, equal at
the base. Seeds small, irregularly disposed in a double series, not margined^
— Aquatic or subaquatic herbs. Leaves often pinnately divided. Flowers
yellow or white.

§ 1. Petals white : siliques linear : 4 conspicuous glands at the base of
the stamens. — Cardaminum, DC.

1. N. officinale (R. Brown) : leaves pinnately divided ; segments ovate,
subcordate, repand ; petals white, longer than the calyx. — DC. prodr. 1. p.
137 ; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. l.p. 39. Sisymbrium Nasturtium, Linn. ; Pursh,

fi. 2. p. 440? ; Nutt. gen. 2. p. 67.

Along the Wahlamet River, and in ponds, Oregon, Nuttall; North West
Coast, Seoul er ; Southern States, "introduced," Elliott. New England to
Virginia, Pursh. — Certainly introduced and scarcely naturalized in the
United States.

§ 2. Petals yellow (rarely white) : siliques commonly short : glands
at the base of the stamens small. — Brachylobos, DC.

2. N. tanacetifolium (Hook. & Am.): leaves pinnately divided; seg-
ments sinuate-pinnatifid or toothed; siliques oblong-linear, nearly erect,
acute ; style short.' — Hook. ^- Am. ! in jour. bot. 1. p. 190. N. palustre S
tanacetifolium, jDC.prorfr. 1. p. 137. Sisymbrium tanacetifolium, Walt.
Car. p. 174. S. Walteri, Ell. sk. 2. p. 146.

Damp soils. South Carolina, East Florida! Louisiana! and Arkansas!
March-May. — @ Stem much branched and somewhat decumbent or diffuse,
6-12 inches long. Leaves smooth, the ultimate segments obtuse. Flowers

Nastdrtidm. CRUClFERiE. 73

very small. Petals linear, scarcely as long as the calyx. Silique 6-8 lines
long, straight or a little incurved,' pointed with a short but distinct style :
stl^a capitate. Pedicels about one-third as long as the silique. Seeds very
numerous.

3. N. lijratum (Nutt. ! mss.) : "leaves pinnatifid or lynite ; the segments
oblong-lanceolate, incisely serrate or angularly toothed ; silique linear, com-
pressed, more than twice the length of the pedicel, somewhat spreading,
abrupt at the apex ; style very short ; ronmion peduncle flexuous."

" Banks of the Oregon," AV//a// .'—Scarcely a foot high, glabrous. Leaves
somewhat variable m the toothing and sefratures. Racemes paniculate
in fruit. Flowers minute. Siliques about three-fourths of an inch long,
slightly curved ; the valves obtuse at the summit. Style scarcely half a Ime
long, not clavate. Pedicels 1-2 lines in length.

4. N. sess'iliflorum (JSun. \ mss.): '"leaves cuneate-obovate, obtuse, re-
pandly toothed or nearly entire; siliques subsessile, linear-oblong, obtuse,
tipped with the nearly sessile stigma,"

"Banks of the Mississippi," Nnttall ; Kentucky? Fafnrsqvc.'—Gla-
brous. Leaves 1-2 inches long ; those of the stem merely toothed, or almost
entire, attenuated at the baseT Racemes in fruit elongated. Blowers mi-
nute. Siliques nearly half an inch long, on extremely short peduncles:
valves obtuse. Style very short and thick. Cotyledons o=

5. N. sinualum (Nutt. ! mss.): " decumbent ; leaves pinnatifid ; segments
lanceolate, subserrate or toothed on the lower margin ; pedicels spreading or
recurved, longer than the oblong acute silique ; style nearly one-third the
length of the silique.

"Banks of the Oregon and its tributaries; also in Arkansas.— Glabrous.
Leaves all equally pinnatifid ; the terminal segments more or less confluent.
Flowers rather large, bright yellow. Sepals ovate. Petals oblong-ovate.
Silique about one-third of an inch long, slightly curved." Nutt. Cotyledons o^

6. N. cu7-visiliqiia (Nutt. mss.) : erect, branching ; leaves lanceolate, pin-
natifid, acute, somewhat clasping at the base ; lobes linear-lanceolate and
spreading, the uppermost nearly entire ; raceme in fruit elongated ; siliques
linear, acuminate, falcate, twice as long as the pedicels. Hook. Ji. Bor.-Am.

1. p. 61. (sub Sisymb.)

North West Coast ; in sandy soil, near streams. Dousrlas ; on the Ore-
gon, iV/f^a/L' — (I) Stem about a foot high, minutely pubescent. Flowers
small, corymbed. Silique smooth, about an inch long, somewhat torulose.
Seeds in a double series. TIook.~Om specimen of this plaut, from Mr. Nut-
tall, differs in several respects from the description of Hooker. The lobes of
the leaves are ovate-lanceolate. The siliques (not quite mature) are oblong,
arcuate, and rather shorter than the pedicels, which are recurved at the base,
and spreading. The flowers are larger than in any of the preceding species
of this section. Cotyledons o=

7. N.palustre (DC): leaves pinnately lobed, clasping and ciliate at the
base ; lobes confluent, toothed, glabrous ; root fusiform; petals as long as the
sepals; silique spreading, obtuse at each end, somewhat turgid. — DC. syst.

2. p. 191 ; Hook. fi. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 39 ; Ckavr. ^ Schlecht. in Linncea, 1.
p. 15.

Wet places, Arctic America to New-Orleans ! and west to Oregon ! June-
Aug. — U Stem 1-2 feet high, erect, glabrous, branching above. Leaves 2-3
inches long; lobes oblong-lanceolate. FloAvers very small. Peduncles of
the fruit 2-4 lines long, slender, spreading almost horizontally. Silique 3-4
lines in length, more or less ovate or ovate-oblong, slightly curved, crowned
Avith a very short style.

8. N. amphibium (R. Brown) : leaves oblong-lanceolate, pinnatifid or ser-

10

74 CRUCIFER^l^. Nasturtium.

rate ; root fibrous ; petals lonj^er than the calyx ; silique ellipsoid, spreading',
mucronate with the style. DC. prodr. 1. p. 138; Honk. fl. Bur. -Am. \.p.
39. Sisymbrium amphibiurn, TAnn. ; Ptirsh, fi. 2. p. 440.

Watery places; Canada, i/oo/cer; Pennsylvania to Virs^inia, Pursh. —
Stems sulcate, sparingly branched. Ernersed leaves serrate, often pubescent;
immersed ones more or less pinnately lobed, sometimes pectinately capillace-
ous. Racemes dense, elongated. Peduncles spreading, at length rtflexed,
twice as long as the silique. Silique oblong-ovate, attenuate at the base,
pointed with the short style. DC. — We have seen no N. American speci-
mens that accord with the description of this plant. The N. amphibiurn of
some of our botanists is probably only a variety of N. palustre.

9. A^. polymorphum (Nutt. ! mss.): "leaves deeply pinnatifid or almost
entire; segments entire ; petals scarcely longer than the calyx; silique ob-
long-linear, compressed ; stigma minute, nearly sessile.

^- Banks of the Oregon.— (JT) or (a) Stem about a span high. Leaves ra-
ther narrow ; the segments short, linear, and acute. Branches from the root,
after the developement of the stem and fruit, or shoots from a cropped stem,
produce leaves either entire 'or with a few pinnatifid incisions. At other
times the whole plant bears similar leaves. FloAvers small." Nutt.

10. A^. obtusum (Nutt. ! mss.) : "leaves pinnately divided, decurrent; seg-
ments irregularly oval, angularly toothed, obtuse ; siliques linear, subterete,
twice the length of the pedicels ; style short.

"Banks of the Mississipsi.— (1) Stem branching above. Racemes lateral
and terminal, elongated in fruit." Nutt.

11. N. Umosum (Nutt.! mss.): "leaves lanceolate, laciniately pinnatifid
towards the base, nearly entire above or merely angularly toothed ; laciniae
decurrent, subserrate or entire ; pedicels much shorter than the abbreviated
siliques ; stigma nearly sessile.

" Banks of the Mississippi, near New-Orleans.— (2) Subaquatic. Habit of
N. palustre. Very smooth. Leaves irregularly but not deeply divided, ex-
cept where they approach the water." Nutt.

12. N. hispidum (DC.) : stem (tall) tomentose-villous ; leaves somewhat
villous, runcinate-pinnatifid ; lobes rather obtusely toothed ; siliques (minute)
ovate, tumid, pointed with the distinct style, scarcely more than half as
long as the somewhat spreading pedicels ; petals scarcely as long as the
calyx.— DC. syst. 2. p. 201. Sisymbrium hispidum, Poir. enc. 5. p. 161.

Near Middfetown, Connecticut, Dr. Barrcdt ! Pennsylvania, Poiret;
Middle and Northern States, Nuttall.— 2l 1 Stem 2-3 feet high, much branch-
ed above, almost hispidly villous, angular, erect. Leaves 3-6 inches long;
lobes numerous, ovate. Racemes numerous, panicled. Flowers minute.
Sepals oblong, obtuse. Petals obovate. Silique scarcely more than a line
long, exactly ovate, somewhat compressed. Style nearly half the length of
the fruit : stigma capitate. Pedicel 2-3 lines long.— A very distinct species,
remarkable for its villous stem, and very small ovate siliques.

13. N. syhestre (R. Brown) : leaves pinnately divided, segments lanceo-
late, serrate or incised; petals longer than the calyx; siliques oblong, some-
what torulose; style very short. DC. syst. 2. p. 190. Sisymbrium sylvestre,
Lin7i. sp. 916. S. vulgare, Pers. syn. 2. p. 196 ; Nutt. gen. 2. p. 68.

Banks of the Delaware near Philadelphia, NuttalL— Introduced.

14. A^. cernuum (Nutt! mss.)^ "racemes panicled (flowers white);
leaves pinnatifid or laciniate, the segments irregularly and distantly toothed ;
silique short, obovate, nodding ; stigma sessile.

" Ponds of Wappatoo Island at the junction of the Wahlamet Avith the
Oregon. — Stem thick and stout. Petals exserted, rather narrow. Pedicels
more than twice the length of the fruit. — Allied to N. amphibiurn, but desti-

Streftanthds. CRUCIFER^. 75

tute of a style, the fruit is not elliptical, and the leaves are more divided."—
Nutt.

15. A': natans (DC.) : emersed leaves oblong-linear, entire ; immersed ones
many-parted Avith capillary segments ; petals scarcely longer than the calyx;
siliques obovate-globose. DC. syst. 2. p. 198 ; Ddess. ic. 2. t. 15.

p. Americamim (Gray) : emersed leaves serrate ; petals (white) twice as
long as the calyx; siliques obovate; style as long as the ovary, and half as
long as the fruit.— 6>a?/ .'. in mm. lye. New- York, 3. p. 223. N. natans,
Hook.fi. Bar. 'Am. \.p. 39; Beck, hot. p. 32.

y. brevistylum: emersed leaves oblong-lanceolate, denticulate-serrate ; style
much shorter than the ovary.

/?. In water; Canada, Dr. Holmes'. Oneida Lake, Gray! Ogdensburgh,
New-York, Dr. Crawe! Pekin, Illinois, Mr. Buckley! y. near New-
Orleans, />. Installs! Julv.— Stem 2-5 feet long, according to the depth of
the water.' Submersed leaves deciduous. Flowers more than twice as large
as in N. paluslre. Silicle more than 2 lines in length, sometimes obovate-
oblong. Style slender; stigma capitate.— It is quite possible that the Ame-
rican plant is distinct from the Siberian species, which we know only from
the description of De Candolle and the figure of Delessert, and which is said
to have yellow flowers, smaller than those of N. amphibium, and petals
scarcely longer than the calyx; whereas the petals are pure white in our
plant, about twice the length of the calyx, and the flowers twice as large as
in Delessert's figure.

3. BARBAREA. R. Br. in hort. Kew. (ed. 2.) 4. p. 109 ; DC. syst.

2. p. 205.
Silique ancipital or 4-sided ; valves concave-carinate. Seeds in a single se-
ries. Sepals equal at the base.— Leaves lyrately pinnatifid. Flowers yellow.

1. B. vulgaris (R. Brown) : lower leaves lyrate, the tenninal lobe round-
ish ; upper ones obovate, toothed or pinnatifid at the base ; silique 4-sided,
with the sides somewhat convex, acuminate wath the style. — DC. prodr. I. p.
140; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. ;;. 39. B. arcuata. Bong, in mem. acad. St.
Petersb. (6. 'ser.) 2. p. 124. Erysimum Barbarea, Linn. ; C/iam. ^ Schlecht.
in Linncea, 1. p. 15.

/?. gracilis (DC.) : stem slender, nearly simple.

Along streams and road sides; common in the Northern States ! and appa-
rently introduced. Oregon and N. W. America; Sitcha, Bongard. P. Ore-
gon, Nnttall. May-June.— One to two feet high, glabrous, branching in a
paniculate manner. Flowers in dense racemes.— Mr. Nuttall thinks that the
var. 0. is a distinct species, which he calls B. gracilis.

2. B. pr(eco.v {R. Brown): lower leaves lyrate, the terminal lobe obo-
vate ; upper ones pinnatifid, with linear-oblong lobes; siliques linear, elongated,
compressed-ancipital; style verv short and thick.— Z?C. prodr. 1. p. 141;
Hook. ! fi. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 39. E. precox. Smith.

Banks of rivers, Canada to lat. 68= !— Stigma nearly as broad as the valve.
Siliques 2-3 inches long. — Resembles the preceding, but more slender. The
flowers are also smaller, and the siliques longer.

4. STREPTANTHUS. Nutt. in jour. acad. Philud. 5. p. 134.

Silique very long, compressed or somewhat quadrangular: style short or
none. Seeds in a single series, flat, margined. Sepals erect, colored. Claws
of the petals canaliculate, usually twisted Filaments subulate (those of each

76 CRUCIFER/E. Strepta^thus.

pair of the longer stamens sometimes united) : anthers linear. — Annual or
biennial (rarely perennial?) herbs, with purple, rarely yellowish or white
flowers.

§ 1. Limb of the petals broad : calyx slightly spreading.

1. .S^. obtKsifoI ius (HooV.) : leaves elliptical, obtuse, deeply 2-lobed and clasp-
ing at the base ; petals broadly obovate ; siliques broadly linear.— Hook. bot.
mag. t. 3317. Brassica Wasliitana, Muhl. cat. p. 63 ? Stanleya Washitana,
DC.syst. 2. p. 512?

Hot springs of Arkansas, Mr. Sabine, (v. s. cult, ex hort. Short.) — (I)
Whole plant smooth and glaucous. Stem tall. Leaves 4-5 inches long and
H-3 inches broad, appearing ahnost perfoliate from the deep closed sinus at
the base. Flowers large and very shoAvy. Limb of the petals nearly as broad
as long, fine rose-color, with a very deep purple spot in the centre. Siliques
4 inches long, pointed with the short style.

2. S. maculatus (Nutt.) : leaves ovate-oblong, the leaves broad and clasp-
ing, entire, or minutely and remotely repand-denticulate ; petals obovate (pur-
ple) ; siliques somewhat 4-sided. — NiUt. ! in jour. acad. Philad.5. p. 134. t.T.

On rocks, Arkansas, Nuttali ; near St. Augustine, Texas, Z>r. Learen-
worth! April-May.—® Stem li-2 feet high, sometimes much taller, usual-
ly simple, but often branched, glabrous and glaucous, terete. Leaves 3-6
inches long, IJ inch broad, glaucous, rather acute. Flowers in simple or
paniculate'racemes, very showy. Pedicels 3-4 inches long, spreading. Ca-
lyx purplish. Petals deep purple in the middle with a velvety appearance,
lighter towards the crenulate edge ; claw longer than the limb. Anthers about
2 Unes long, curved in drying: filament straight, as long as the anther. '' Si-
lique 4-5 inches long, erect, linear, compressed and somewhat quadrangular."
Nutt.

3. S. sagittatus (Nutt.) : leaves oblong, acute, sagittate and clasping, en-
tire ; petals oblong-ovate (not spotted). Nutt. ! in jour. acad. Philad. 7.
p. 12.

Sourcesof the Oiegon, Mr. Wyeth! June. — (7) Smooth, branched above.
Leaves smooth and apparently somewhat glaucous beneath. Raceme many-
flowered. Pedicels half an inch long. Flowers lilac-red : claws of the petals
very long, exserted. " Allied to S. obtusifolius, Hook., but with the lower
leaves entire, not "lyrate-pinnatifid." Nutt.

4. S. angustifolius (Nutt. ! mss.) : " radical leaves lanceolate-linear,
sparingly hirsute ; cauline oblong-lanceolate, sagittate and clasping, smooth,
erect ; petals oblong-oval (rose-color), the limb exserted.

" Rocky Mountains, towards the sources of the Platte.— (2) Radical leaves
tufted, more or less hirsute, the hairs centrally affixed. Stems several from
one root, 12-18 inches high, virgate, a little branching near the summit.
Lower stem-leaves much broader than the radical ones, closely amplexicaul,
becoming much smaller above ; the longest scarcely an inch in length. —
Flowers small, pale-red. Sepals short, smooth, almost coriaceous. Petals
obtuse ; the claws somewhat contorted, extending (as well as the stamens)
beyond the calyx." — Nutt.

5. S. vdrgatus (Nutt. ! mss.) : radical leaves (and lower part of the
stem) more or less villous with stellate hairs, lanceolate-linear ; cauline ones
oblong-linear, sagittate, clasping ; petals exserted, linear-oblong ; calyx pu-
bescent.

" With the preceding, and greatly resembling it ; but differing in the nar-
row petals and stellate pubescence." Nutt.

STREPTAr^THue. CRUCIFERiE. 77

6. S. arcuatus (Nutt. ! mss.) : " hirsutcly villous with branrhincr iiairs ;
leaves lanceolate-linear, remotely serrulate ; cauline ones sagittate and clasp-
ing, very acute ; siliques flat and curved downward ; petals (purple) obovate,
exserted.

" Shelving rocks, on high hills near St. Barbara, Upper California. — Stems
growing in dense tufts, very rarely branched, 1-2 feet high. Calyx purplish.
Petals deep reddish-puqjle. Anthers oblong. Siliques about 3 inches long,
glabrous. Seeds in a single (or partly in a double) scries, with a distinct
membranaceous margin." Nutt. — The siliques much resemble those of
Arabis Canadensis. The seeds are arranged horizontally, the radicle being
superior and lying across the axis of the silique. Funiculus free. Septum
opaque, marked with a broad longitudinal nerve ; areolae indistinct.

§ 2. Petals narrow : calyx closed. — Eukusia, Nutt. mss.

7. .S. glandulnsus (Hook.) : hirsute below ; leaves linear-oblong, repandly
toothed,°the teeth glandular ; radical ones petiolate, cauline deeply sagittate
and clasping ; flowers erect-spreading (purple), secund ; siliques very nar-
row, somewhat spreading, curved ; valves reticulated ; petals linear-lanceo-
late, undulate. — Hook. ! ic. t. 40.

Monterey, Upper California, Douglas .'—'^ Stem 1-2 feet high, slender,
terete, the lower part scaly-hirsute. " The lowest leaves (which are often
withered) ])innatifid." Hook. Cauline ones 1-2-inches long, acute, remotely
toothed. Pedicels 2 lines long, thick. Flowers half an inch in length, dark
purple. Sepals ovate. Petals more than twice as long as the calyx.
Two of the longer stamens united. Sihque 3 inches in length and less than
a line broad, tapering at the summit into a very short style. Seed too young
in our specimens to show the embryo.

8. S.fiavescens (Hook.) : hirsute with simple hairs; leaves linear-oblong,
the lowest ones sinuate-pinnatifid, or obtusely dentate with glandular teeth,
upper ones entire ; flowers erect (yellowish); petals linear, acute; siliques
(immature) erect, hirsute. — Hook. ! ic. 1. t. 44.

Monterey, California, Douglas .'— (T) About a foot high, erect, simple.
Radical leaves nearly two inches long ; cauline scarcely an inch in length.
Raceme not secund.' Sepals ovate, obtuse. Petals nearly twice the length
©f the calyx. Anthers linear-oblong. Silique pointed with a short style.

9. S. repandus (Nutt. mss.) : " hirsute, particularly the lower part ;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, elongated, clasping, angularly toothed or repand
above (flowers white) ; petals about as long as the calyx.

" St. Barbara, Upper California.— Stem simple, about 2 feet high. Pe-
dicels shorter than the calyx. Sepals and petals linear." Nutt.

10. S. hpterophyllns (Nutt. ! mss.) : " hirsute below with simple hairs ;
leaves laciniate-pinnatifid, cauline ones sagittate at the base and clasping ;
flowers pendulous (purple) ; sepals long, connivent ; petals linear ; siliques
very long and narrow, pendulous.

"Bushy hills, near St. Diego, Upper California.— (T) or (2) Stem 3-
5 feet high, branching ; the upper part glabrous. Calyx deep purple. Petals
purple and whitish, undulated, of the same breadth throughout. Siliques 3-
5 inches long, on pedicels 4 lines in length." Nutt.

11. S. cordatus (Nutt. ! mss.): " glabrous; lower leaves spatulate-oblong,
repandly denticulate ; cauline ones cordate, clasping, all obtuse ; flowers on
short pedicels (greenish-yellow) ; siliques deflexed.

" Forests of the Rocky Mountains. — Apparently perennial. Leaves very
obtuse, toothed near the summit ; cauline ones with a deep sinus embracing

78 CRUCIFER^. Turhiti* •

the stem. Calyx oblonw-campanulate. Petals a little exserted. Anthers
linear, longer than the filaments." Nutt.

12. S. hyacinthnides rHook.) : glabrous ; leaves oblong-linear, acuminate;
petals spatulate-linear, tne limb reflexed ; filaments of the longer stamens
united by pairs. — Hook, in hot. mag. t. 3516.

Texas, near San Felipe de Austin, Drummond ; near Fort Towson,
Arkansas, Dr. Leavenworth .' June.— (i) Stem simple or branching, 2-3
feet high. Leaves sessile, narrow below, but clasping. Flowers deep bluish-
purple. Sepals lanceolate, acuminate.

5. TURRITIS. Dill.; DC. syst. 2. p. 211.

Silique linear ; valves plane. Seeds in a double series in each cell. —
Flowers white or rose-color.

1. T. glabra (Linn.): radical leaves petioled, toothed, pubescent with
spreading hairs; cauline ones ovate-lanceolate, clasping and sagittate, mostly
entire, glabrous and glaucous; siliques linear, elongated, strictly erect; pe-
tals scarcely longer than the calyx. — DC. prodr. 1. p. 142; Hook.ji. Bor.-
Am.\. ^.40?

/?. 1 leaves all linear-lanceolate and glabrous ; radical ones remotely repand-
denticulate ; cauline entire ; lobes acute.

Hudson's Bay to the Rocky Mountains. Shore of Lake Superior, Dr.
Pitcher! fi. Rocks, WatertoAvn, New-York ! May.— Stem 2 feet high,
strict, terete, simple. Leaves about an inch long. Pedicels of the fruit 3-6
lines long. SiUques 2-3 inches long and scarcely half a line Avide, crowned
with the nearly sessile stigma. Seeds with a winged margin. Funiculi slen-
der, about as long as the seed. (Flowers pale sulphur-color. Hook.) — Perhaps
distinct from the European plant, of which our specimens are not sufficiently
advanced for full comparison. We have not seen the fruit in /?., which has
narrower and rather acute leaves, and may prove to be a distinct species.

2. T. macrocarpa (Nutt.! mss.): "radical leaves runcinate-dentate, or
simply toothed, hairy ; cauline ones lanceolate, sagittate, crowded, glabrous;
siliques strictly erect, very long and narrow.

" Rocky situations, in the woods of Oregon. — Stem 3-4 feet high, terete,
glabrous, simple. Radical leaves sparingly hirsute with stellate hairs ; cau-
line ones croAvded on the lower part of the stem. Sepals linear. Petals lin-
ear and narrow, yellowish-white. Stigma capitate, somewhat 2-Iobed.
Silique about 4 inches long, rigidly erect and appressed. Seeds somewhat
quadrate, slightly margined." Nutt. — We should rather consider this a spe-
cies of Arabis, as the seeds are placed mostly in a single row in the very
narrow silique.

3. T. spathulata (Nutt. mss.): "radical leaves broadly spatulate-oval,
Tepandly toothed, hirsute ; cauline oblong-lanceolate, clasping ; siliques ve-
ry long, erect.

" Woods of the Oregon. — Stem 12-18 inches high, bp-anehed from near
the base. Upper leaves much smaller than the lower ones. Petals narrow,
a little longer than the calyx. Siliques about 3 inches long." Nutt.

4. T. mollis (Hook.) : erect, hirsute with soft spreading hairs ; lower
leaves spatulate, sinuate-toothed ; the upper ones lanceolate, sagittate at the
base ; siliques elongated, linear, strictly erect. Hook. fi. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 40.

Arctic America. — (£) A foot or more high. Flowers white, capitate-co-
rymbed. Petals cuneiform, nearly twice as long as the calyx. — Habit of
Arabis hirsuta. Hook.

Arabis. CRUCIFER^. *f%

5. T. siricta (Graham) : erect, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate ; radical ones
pctioled, toothed ; cauline ones saijittatp, partly clasping, somewhat toothed ;
silifpies linear, elongated, and (like the flowers) strictly erect. Jlaok. —
Graham, in Edinb. 7iew phil.jour. ( 1829) /;. 7 ; Ilook. Ji. lior.-Am. l.p. 40.

Oregon, Rocky Mountains. — (T) Habit of the preceding, but more slen-
der. Flowers white: petals obovate, emarginate' twice the length of the
calyx. Silique 2-3 inches long, rather broadly linear ; style short, much
narrower than the valves: stigma minute. Hook.

6. T. patula (Graham): erect ; leaves lanceolate; radical ones petioled,
toothed or nearly entire, pubescent; cauline sagittate, partly clasping, gla-
brous (or sparingly pubescent) ; (lowers spreading ; siliques Hnear, elonga-
ted, much spreading. — Graham^ in Edinb. jour. I. c ; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am.
1. jp. 40. i

Greenland and Hudson's Bay to the Rocky Mountains ! and Oregon. — @
Stem 12-lS inches high, simple. Leaves an inch in length ; the radical and
lower cauline ones stellately hirsute. Flowers rather large, purplish or rose-
color. Siliques rather broadly linear, about 3 inches long, straight or a little
curved ; valves obtuse : stigma sessile. Seeds very distinctly 2-rowed, mar-
gined.

7. T. retrofracta (Hook.): erect, canescently pubescent (or nearly gla-
brous) ; leaves lanceolate; radical ones petioled, toothed ; cauline sagittate,
partly chsping; flowers nodding; siliques linear, elongated, and (with the
pedicels) refracted. Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 41. Arabis retrofracta, Gra-
ham, in Edinb. jour. I. c.

Hudson's Bay to the Rocky Mountains ; north to lat. 68°. — Flowers near-
ly white, or Avith a purplish tinge. — The (margined) seeds in a young state,
are in two rows, but in the mature fruit they are in a single series. Hook.
Graham.

8. T. brachycarpa : glabrous and glaucous ; radical leaves spatulate,
toothed ; cauline ones linear-lanceolate, acute, sagittate and somewhat clasp-
ing ; siliques short, rather broadly linear; pedicels of the flowers pendulous,
of the fruit spreading or ascending.

Fort Gratiot, Michigan, and Shore of Lake Superior, Dr. Pitcher! — @
Stem 1-2 feet high, simple or sparingly branched above. Radical leaves pu-
bescent. Flowers rather large, pale purple ; the pedicels mostly bent doAvn-
ward. Silique about an inch long and nearly a line wide, straight or some-
what curved, usually spreading at right angles to the stem. Seeds mostly
abortive, in 2 distinct rows when young; the ripe and perfect ones nearly as
broad as the cell, winged on the margin. — The whole plant is sometimes of
a purple color. Nearly related to the preceding ; but distinguished by its
short siliques.

9. T.? diffusa (Hook.): very glabrous and glaucous; stem diffusely
branched; radical leaves spatulate, nearly entire; cauline sagittate, slightly
toothed ; siliques linear, spreading, twice as long as the pedicels. Hook. ji.
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 41.

Shores of the Arctic Sea. — Stems many from the same root, a span high.
Cauline leaves about an inch long, obtuse. Flowers small. Petals half the
length of the calyx, white. Silique scarcely an inch long. — Perhaps an Ara-
bis. Hook.

6. ARABIS. Linn. : DC. syst. 2. p. 214.

Silique linear, plane ; valves 1-nerved in the middle. Seeds in a single
series in each cell, oval or orbicular, compressed. — Flowers white, rarely rose-
color.

80 CRUCIFER^E. Ahabis.

• Seeds immarginate or slightly margined.

1. A. alpina (Linn.): stem branching, somewhat diffused, and. with the
leaves, clothed with a viDous branched pubescence; leaves many-toothed ;
radical ones somewhat petioled ; cauline cordate, clasping,- peduncles nearly
glabrous, longer than the calyx. Uook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 41; Bot. mag. i.
226 ; Pursh, fi. 2. p. 436 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 142.

Labrador.— A native also of the north of Europe.

2. A. hirsuta (Scop.): stem erect, ■ toothed or somewhat entire, and, with
the stem, hirsute with a branched pubescence; radical ones oblong-ovate,
petioled or sessile; cauline ones oblong or lanceolate, somewhat clasping,
mostly auricled at the base or sagittate; siliques numerous, erect. — DC.
prodr. I. p. 144 ; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p.A2 ; Cham. ^ Schlecht. in Linnoea,
l.p. 15; DarUngt.Jl. Cest. ed. 2. p. 382. A. sagittata, DC prodr. I. p. 143.
Turritis hirsuta, Linn. T. oblongata, Bof.

p. glabrata: whole plant glabrous ; leaves mostly entire.

y. ovata : radical leaves spatulate, petioled ; cauline ones ovate, parti'/
clasping, not auricled. — A. ovata, Poir. A. sagittata (i. ovata, DC. prodr. I. c.
Turritis ovata, Pursh ! fl. 2. p. 438.

Rocky places, Canada! (lat. 68^) to Virginia ; west to Oregon and Sitcha.
/». Oregon, Dr. Scolder ! y. Hoboken, New Jersey [ — (T) Stem about a foot
high, often glabrous above. Flowers greenish-white. Silique straight, 1-2
inches long, scarcely half a line wide ; stigma nearly sessile. Seeds with a
narrow margin.

3. A. dentata : more or less rough with a stellate pubescence ,■ radical leaves
obovate, tapering at the base into a petiole as long as the limb, irregularly
dentate with sharp salient teeth ; cauline ones oblong, clasping ; flowers mi-
nute ; petals spatulate, scarcely longer than the calyx ; siliques short, spread-
ing, on very narrow pedicels, pointed with the nearly sessile stigma ; stem
branched from the base. — Sisymbrium dentatum, Torr. J in Shorfs 3rd
suppl. cat. pi. Kentucky.

Sandy banks of the Ohio ! Missouri ! Mississippi ! and Arkansas. April. —
@ Plant 1-2 feet high ; the pubes-cence (particularly of the under surface of
the leaves) short and rather scabrous. Stem slender, sometimes decumbent
at the base. Radical leaves 2i inches long, and three-fourths of an inch
broad. Flowers scarcely 2 lines long. Sepals hirsute. Petals dusky white
(with a tinge of purple, Nutt.). Anthers ovate-oblong. Silique an inchlong,
not a line in breadth ; valves somewhat convex. Seeds slightly margined.
Radicle long and slender, distant from the accumbent cotyledons.

4. A. stricta (Huds.) : radical leaves oblong, attenuate at the base, lyrately
pinnatifid, hispid with spreading hairs ; cauline ones kw, lanceolate, some-
what attenuate at the base ; petals oblong, erect, obtuse, twice the length of
the glabrous calyx ; siliques elongated, erect. Hook. — Pursh, Jl. 2. p. 437 ;
Hook.Jl. Bor.-Am. I. p. 42.

Labrador. — U, A native also of Europe.

5. A. petrcea (ham.) : stem nearly erect, sometimes branched, glabrous;
radical leaves petioled, incised or pinnatifid ; cadine ones oblong-linear, en-
tire ; petals obovate, unguiculate ; siliques erect-spreading. — Lam. diet. 1. p.
221; DC. prodr. 1. p. 145; Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 42 (excl. syn.); Cham.
^ Schlecht. in Linmea, 1. p. 15.

On rocks; Canada to Arctic America, and N. W. Coast. Shore of Lake
Superior, Dr. Pitcher I — ^ Stems 3-9 inches high. Cauline leaves few.
Flowers white or lilac. Style very short or none. — Habit of Arabis lyrata,
from which it differs in its perfectly accumbent cotyledons and perennial
root.

Arabis. . CRUCIFERiE. 81

6. A. ambigua (DC): leaves nearly glabrous, the radieal ones sinuate-
lyrate ; middle ones oblong-oval and toothed, attenuate at the base ; the up-
permost linear-oblong and entire ; stem nearly simple ; sihques soinevviiat
erect. — DC. sijsl. 2. p. 231 ; Cham, df- iSchlcclil. in LinncBa, 1. p. 10; Jluuk.
fl. Jim:- Am. l./J. 42.

Unalaschka, Sitcha ! and Kotzebue's Sound.—® Stems numerous from
one root, a foot or more high, ascending. Radical leaves with a few simple
hairs ; cauline ones very glabrous. Racemes few-flowered ; the flowers
smaller than in the preceding species. Silique two inches long and nearly a
line broad, pointed with the nearly sessile stigma. Seeds without a border ;
the cotyledons distinctly accumbent.

7. A lyrata (Linn.): stem branching from the base; radical leaves
lyrate-pinnatifid and somewhat hirsute ; cauline ones linear, entire, and
with the stem glabrous ; siliques erect, nearly straight ; radicle slightly dor-
sal.—/-'?w.b7(,/. 2. /). 437 ; DC. prodr. \. p. 146. Sisymbrium arabidoides,
Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 63. t. 1 ; DarUngl. fl. Cest. ed. 2. p. 387.

On rocks, Canada ! to Virginia! April-May.— (T) Stem 4-12 inches high,
at first erect, but at length difluse. Radical leaves rosulate in the yourig
plant ; the segments usually obtuse, often toothed. Flowers as large as in
A. petra^a, white. Mature siliques 1^-2 inches long, scarcely more than
lialf a line broad, pointed with a short style. Seeds without a border. Coty-
ledons flat, ovate ; the radicle lying along the edge of one of them, so as to
be nearly accumbent. — Our excellent friend Sir William J. Hooker refers
this plant to Sisymbrium ; but we retain it in Arabis, because, on a careful
examination of numerous ripe seeds, we find the radicle so slightly dorsal
that the cotyledons may be regarded as accumbent. We have never seen
the seeds so evidently incumbent as they are represented in Hooker's figure.

8. A. rupestris (Nutt. ! mss.) : " more or less hirsute ; radical leaves ob-
long-spatukte ; cauline ones lanceolate, clasping, sparingly toothed ; petals
twice as long as the calyx ; silique very long and narrow, erect-spreading.

" On rocks near the'banks of the Oregon.— @ Plant li-2 feet high ; the
pubescence simple or forked : upper part of the stem nearly smooth. Cauline
leaves clasping, but not sagittate. Siliques about 3 inches long, less than a
line in breadth. Seeds slightly margined." Nutt. — Near A. saxatilis.

9. A. spathulata (Nutt.! mss.): "hirsute (dwarf and somewhat ca^spitose);
leaves spatulate-oblong, entire ; cauline ones clasping ; petals roundish,
spreading, about twice the length of the calyx; siliques rather short, diverg-
ing, pointed with a distinct slender style.

" Lofty dry hiUs of the Platte, from the Black Mountains to the central
chain. May.— If About 4 inches high. Root thick, crowned with vestiges
of former leaves and stems. Radical leaves on rather long petioles. Flow-
ers white, somewhat conspicuous. Pedicel about half the length of the
fruit. Silique scarcely half an inch long and nearly a line in breath ; cells
7-10-seeded." Nutt. Seed oblong, with a narrow margin. Funiculus long
and slender, free. — Near A. serpyllifolia of Europe.

10. A. heterophylla (Nutt. mss.) : " nearly smooth; radical leaves spatu-
late, toothed ; upper ones linear, sessile, entire ; silique long and spreading ;
petals linear-oblong, exceeding the calyx.

" Near Paris, Maine ? or in the vicinity of the White Mountains of New-
HampsMre. — (|) Radical leaves s6mewhat pilose with simple hairs ; upper
ones' linear, about 2 inches in length and a line or two in breadth. Siliques
about 3 inches long." Nutt. — We have seen no specimens of this plant.

11. A. sparsiflora (Nutt. mss.): "somewhat pilose towards the base,
much branched ; cauline leaves oblong, clasping, entire; flowers minute;
siliques very long, flat; spreading.

11

82 CRUCIFERiE. Arabis.

" Forests of the Rocky Mountains,' toAvards the sources of the Oregon. —
Stem tall, sparingly clothed on the lower part with forked hairs. Radical
leaves not seen ; cauline ones ahout 2-inches long, sessile or clasping. Flow-
ers purple ; petals longer than the sepals, linear-oblong." l*^utt.

12. A. puherula (Nutt. mss.) : " perennial, somewhat ctEspitose, more
or less pubescent with dense stellate hairs ; leaves entire, linear-lanceolate,
sessile ; siliques Hat, straight, pendulous, the pedicels about twice the length
of the sepals ; seeds Avith a slight margin.

" Forests of the Blue Mountains of Oregon. — Stem about a span high.
Flowers not seen. Siliques slightly pubescent, the central nerve obvious."
Nutt.

13. A. inicrophylla (Nutt. mss.) : "smoothish and somewhat coespitose ;
leaves linear, rather acute ; cauline ones very few, sessile : stem filiform,
very few-flowered ; silique long, flat, spreading.

" Rocky Mountains : rather rare. — Leaves scarcely half an inch long.
Siliques only 2-3, at the summit of the filiform stem, 2i inches long. Flowers
small, pale purple. — A smaller and fewer-flowered species than the pre-
ceding." Nittt.

** Seeds with a broad winged margin.

14. A. l(2vigata (DC.) : erect, whole plant glabrous and glaucous ; radical
leaves oblong-obovate, attenuated into a petiole at the base, or somewhat
sessile, acutely dentate-serrate ; cauline leaves sessile; the lower ones lanceo-
late, sagittate, sparingly toothed ; uppermost linear, entire ; flowers spread-
ing ; siliques linear, narrow and elongated, recurved-pendulous. — DC. ! syst.
2. p. 237 ; Spreng. syst. 2. p. 892 ; Darlingt. ! fi. Cest. eel. 2. p. 382. A.
pendula, Nutt. gen. 2. p. 70, not of Linn. Turritis laevigata, Muhl. ! fl.
Lancast. ined. 1. p. 483, ^ in Willd. sp. 3. p. 543 ; Pursh ! fl. 2. p. 438.

0. laciniata : cauline leaves lanceolate-linear, remotely and laciniately
toothed.

Rocky woods, and along rivers, Canada ! to Virginia ; west to Missouri
and Arkansas ! May. — (2) Stem 1-3 feet high. Radical leaves mostly of a
purplish color ; cauline ones 2-6 inches long, acutely toothed (the teeth in
/?. long and narrow). Sepals greenish-yellow, nearly as long as the narrow
Cuneiform erect (white) petals. SUiques 2-3 inches long and less than a
line in breadth, pointed Avith the very short style. Funiculi adhering to
the septum at the base. — Willdenow erj-oneously states that the siliques are
erect, which mistake has led to much confusion respecting our plant. The
description of De Candolle was drawn from a dwarf specimen, Avithout fruit,
in Pursh's herbarium. — T. laevigata. Hook. fl. Bar. -Am. 1. p. 43, must be a
very different plant from the one here descrioed.

15. A. Canadensis (Linn.): erect; leaves oblong-lanceolate, sessile, at-
tenuate at each end, remotely toothed ; pedicels villous, more than twice the
length of the calyx ; siliques pendulous, falcate, pointed with the distinct
style.— 79 C. prodr. 1. p. 147 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 148 ; Deless. ic. 2. t. 28. A,
falcata, Mich.T. ! /?. 1. p. 31. A. moUis, Raf. ! in Amer. month, mag. 2. p.
43. A. lyrsefoHa, Baf. I. c.

Rocky places, Canada ! to Georgia ! west to Arkansas ! June-July. —
Stem 2-3 feet high, simple, glabrous, pubescent below. Leaves 2-4 inches
long, nearly glabrous, or pubescent Avith simple hairs, rarely villous ; the
lower ones attenuated into a petiole, and sometimes lyrate or runcinate. Ra-
cemes elongated. Pedicels spreading, recurved in fruit, sometimes hispid.
Sepals yellowish, hispid. Petals white, oblong-linear, tAvice as long as the
calyx, nearly erect. Siliques 2-3 inches Irfng, Ih line Avide, ancipital. Funi-
culi adhering to the septum, as Avas first noticed by R. BroAvn. (PI. of Oud-
ney, &c. p. 11.)

Cardamine. CRUCIFER^. 83

16. A. canescens (Nutt. ! mss.) : "crespitose, densdy and rancscontly pu-
bescent with stellate hairs ; leaves entire, linear, dense, crowded about the
root ; those of the stem mucii smaller, sessile ; siliiiue broadly linear, Hat,
nearly straii^^ht, pendulous, acute ; stigma sessile.

" Summits of high hills in the Rocky Mountain range.— Ij: Plant about
a span high. Stems' numerous, springing from the tuft of leaves at the
crown of the root. Leaves nearly an inch long, rather obtuse, the pubes-
cence very short; radical ones attenuated at the base. Raceme short;
flowers very small. Pedicels about as long as the calyx. Sepals oblong.
Petals spatiilate-oblong, twice the length of the sepals, pale purple. Silique
an inch and a half long, nearly ahne and a half broad, somewhat torulose."
A^,,Y/._Seeds with a broad margin, lying horizontally in the cell; the
radicle superior : funiculi free.

X Doubtful species.

17. A. reptans (Lam.) : leaves roundish, entire, hirsute ; runners creep-
ing. DC— Lam. diet. l.p. 122 ; DC. syst. 2. p. 242.

Sandy fields, Pennsylvania to Virginia, Pursh.— Is it Draba Carohni-
ana ?

7. CARDAMINE. lAnn. ; Lam. ill. t. 562 ; DC. syst. 2. p. 245.

Silique linear ; valves plane, nerveless, usually • dehiscing elastically. —
Seeds ovate, rarely bordered : funiculi slender. — Leaves petioled. Flowers
white or pale purple.

* Leaves undivided.

1. C rotundifolia (Michx.) : glabrous or somewhat hirsute ; leaves en-
tire or repandly toothed; radical ones on long petioles, ovate or nearly or-
bicular ; upper ones mostly sessile, oval-oblong or lanceolate ; root usually
luberiferous.

a. stem erect or fiexuous, simple or rarely branching above ; radical and
lower cauline leaves subcordate ; flowers white. — C. rhoiuboidea, DC. syst.
2. p. 246 ; Hook. ! hot. misc. 3. p. 239, t. 108 ; Darlingt. ! Jl. Cest. ed. 2.
p. 384. Arabis rhomboidea, Pers. syn. 2. p. 204 ; Nutt. gen. 2. p. 70 ; Ell.
sk. 2. p. 149. A. tuberosa, Pers. I. c. A. bulbosa, Muhl. ! cat. p. 63.

/?. stem erect, simple, hairy ; leaves somewhat fleshy, the radical ones
roundish cordate or reniform ; cauline ones strongly repand-toothed ; flowers
large, deep rose-color, or purple. — C. rotundifolia, Hook.Ji. Bor.-Am. l.p. 44.
Arabis Douglassii, Torr. ! in Sill. jour. 4. p. 63.

y. stem at first simple, afterwards sending ofT decumbent leafy stolons,
which often take root ; leaves obtusely repand-toothed, membranaceous ; root
mostly fibrous ; flowers small, white.— C. rotundifolia, Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 30;
DC syst. 2. p. 247 ; Hook. ! hot. raise. I. c. t. 109 ; Darlingt.! I. c.

a. Wet meadows, Massachusetts ! to Georgia. H. Hudson's Bay, Rocky
Mountains, Lake Superior! Western part of the State of New York ! to
Kentucky ! y- Shady springs and rivulets. New Jersey ! Pennsylvania ;
April-May.— if Plant 6-12 inches high. Leaves variable in size and form;
the radical ones usually about an inch in length and breadth. Racemes 10-
20-flowered; flowers in c and 0. half an inch in diameter; in y. about half
as large. Siliques spreading (in a. and fi. three-fourths of an inch long ; in y.
shorter), acuminated with the short style. Seeds few, orbicular.— Having
had several opportunities of examining the C. rotundifolia of our friend Dr.
Darlington in a living state, we are satisfied that it is not specifically distinct

84 CRUCIFER^. Cardamine.

from C. rhomboidea, 7?C, and that the diffcronce in the appearance of the
two plants depends on the place of growth. The former grows in cold se-
questered springy places, where it does not readily bear fruit early in the sea-
son; and as summer advances, it becomes slender, procumbent, and loses its
tubers at the base of the stem. Sir WilUam J. Hooker has accurately figur-
ed and described both forms of the plant ; but having seen the two pass into
each other, we are obliged to dissent from our friends Avho consider ih«m dis-
tinct. The var. y. takes the place of the ordinary form in Canada, the wes-
tern part of the State of New York, and the Western States.

2. C. spathulata (Michx.) : radical leaves petioled, spatulate, entire, hir-
sute with a trifurcate pubescence ; cauline ones sessile, ovate or linear-oblong ;
siliques spreading ; stems decumhent— Michx.! ft. 2. p. 29 ; DC. syst. 2. p.
247 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 143.

High mountams of Carolina, Michaux .'—[£) Stems 6-8 mches long,
slender, glabrous. Leaves about an inch in length ; the radical ones rosulate,
rounded at the extremity ; cauline ones entire or somewhat toothed. Ra-
cemes loose; the pedicels filiform and spreading. Siliques distant, one inch
long; straight, rather acute. Stigma sessile.

3. C. bellidifoUa (hmn.) : leaves glabrous, somewhat fleshy; the radical
ones ovate, petioled, entire ; cauline ones few, entire or 3-lobed ; siliques
erect; stigma nearly sessile.— Z>C. syst. 2. p. 249; Hook.! ft. Bor.-Am. I. p.
44. C. rotundifolia, Bigel. ! fi. Bast. ed. 2. p. 252.

White Mountains of New Hampshire, Bigelow, Oakes ! Arctic Ameri-
ca and Rocky Mountains, Unalaschka, and California, Douglas ! June-July.
—11 Plant 2-4 inches high. Raceme corymbed. Petals cuneiform, twice
as long as the calyx, white. Siliques about an inch long, straight.

* * Leaves ternately or pinnately divided.

4. C. purpurea (Cham. & Schlect.): nearly glabrous; radical and cauline
leaves 3-5-foliolate ; lateral leaflets roundish-oval, acute ; the terminal one round-
ish and cordate, 3-toothed ; lower pedicel furnished with a leaf-like, cuneiform,
3-toothed bract ; petals (deep purple) reticulately veined. Cham.. ^ Schlecht.
in LiwKza, 1. p. 20 ; Hook.fi. Bor.-Am. l.p. 44 ; Hook. ^ Am. hot. Beechey,
p. 121.

Island of St. Lawrence, Chamisso ; and Kotzebue's Sound, Beechey.—
Radical leaves many, cauline leaf solitary ; all on long petioles.

5. C. angulata (Hook.): leaves petioled, 3- (rarely 5-) foliolate, angled or
incisely lobed, acute or cuneiform at the base, glabrous ; radical ones round-
ish ; cauline ovate or lanceolate. Hook. ! in hot. misc. 1. p. 343. t. 69, <^fi.
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 44. Dentaria angulata, Nutt. ! mss.

/?. alha: leaves pubescent, always 3-foliolate ; flowers Avhite.— Dentaria an-
gulata/?. alba, A'^/iZ. .' mss.

Banks of the Oregon, Scolder ! and near the outlet of the Wahlamet,
j^uttall .'—If Roots long, creeping, fibrous. Stem 12-18 inches high. Ra-
dical leaves on petioles 3-6 inches long. FloAvers in corymbose racemes, as
large as in C. pratensis : pedicels 4-6 lines long, spreading. Sepals scarcely
one-fourth the length of the petals, broadly ovate, rather acute. Petals in a. pale
rose color ; in /?. white, obovate, emarginate, spreading ; claws much exserted.
" Silique lanceolate, nearly a line in breadth." Nutt.

6. C. pratensis (Linn.) : stem erect or decumbent ; leaves pinnately 7-13-
foliolate ; leaflets mostly entire, often petiolulate, those of the radical leaves
roundish, of the cauline ones oblong or linear ; style short and thick. — Pursh,
ft. 2. p. 440 ; DC. prodr. 1. ]9. 151 ; Hook. ! ft. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 45.

Cardamine. CRUCTFER.^. . 85

Swamps, Arctic! and N. W. Anierica, to the western part of New York !
April-May. — U Stern 12-lS inches hisli. Lower leaves on lone l>etioles,
»])e leaflets i)etiolulate, sparingly toothed or entire; those of the upper leaves
sometimes almost tiliform. Flowers lartje, white or rose-color. Silitjues
erect, an inch lon^: ; the style short and thick, or rather slender : stigma capi-
tate or somewhat 2-lobed.

7. C. hirsuta (Linn.) : leaves pinnate or lyrately pinnatifid ; leaflets of
the radical leaves roundish, of the cauline ones oblong or linear, toothed or
entire; petals (small) oblong-cuneiform; style short or none; stigma minute;
siliques vrect— DC. prodr. I. p. 152; Hook. If. Bor.-Am. 1. p. '45; Darlmgt.
Jl. Cest. ed. 2. p. 385. C. Pennsylvanica, Muhl. ! cat. p. 63 ; Willd. sp. 3.
p. 486 ; DC. prodr. I. c. ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 144.

P. acuniinata (Nutt.l mss.): "stem somewhat hirsute; pedicels half as
long as the conspicuously acuminate silique."

J', parvi flora (Nutt. ! mss.): " someAvhat hirsute; stem nearly naked;
siliques very long, fastigiately corymbcd."

(5. Virginica: leaflets with a single tooth on one or both sides: petals
scarcely twice as long as the calyx ; racemes strictly erect : stigma sessile. —
C. Virginica, Linn.7; Mich.r. ! fl. 2. p. 29 ; DC. I. c.

Wet places (<5. often on dry rocks), Arctic ! and N. W. America ! to
Georgia! /?. British America, y^/c/irtrf/soj?.; Oregon, Nutt all .' May-June.
y. Oregon, Nuttall! <5. Connecticut! to Kentucky! (2) Stem 4-18 inches
liigh, glabrous or sparingly hirsute. Leaflets often petiolulate, repandly tooth-
ed, incised, or entire. Flowers about one-third of an inch in diameter, in
y. and L nmch smaUer. Sepals ovate, obtuse. Petals obovate-spatulate,
white. Siliques about an inch long. — This plant varies extremely in dif-
ferent seasons of the year and in different situations. We follow Sir W,
Jackson Hooker, in considering all the forms described above as mere varie-
ties of C. hirsuta, Linn. Mr. Nuttall, however, inclines to the opinion that
C. Pennsylvanica is distinct from the European plant; and our 5. Virginica
should perhaps rank as a separate species.

8. C. oligosperma (Nutt.! mss.): "somewhat hirsute; leaves pinnate,
petiolate ; leaflets reniform or obovate, conspicuously petiolulate, lobed or
or toothed ; the central segment often 3-lobed (flowers minute) ; siliques in
terminal fascicles, broadly linear, acute, erect, few-seeded; pedicels about
one-sixth as long as the siliques.

" Shady woods of the Oregon.— (J) or (5) About a foot high, Avith a few
short axillary branches ; pubescence spreading, simple. Leaflets nearly or-
bicular with 3-5 teeth or lobes. Flowers scarcely 2 lines long, Avhite, in
very short racemes. Sepals oblong. Petals obovate-cuneiform at the base,
but scarcely unguiculate. Siliques about an inch long and nearly a line in
breadth; each cell containing from 6 to 8 rather distant seeds.— A Carda-
mine, apparently identical Avith this, but Avith shorter siliques, groAvs in Cali-
fornia, near St. Barbara. A nearly allied allied species Avas collected in
Chili by Dr. Styles (C. macrocarpa, NiUt. mss.) It is somewhat hairy ; the
leaflets broadly ovate and sinuately toothed ; the flowers larger (white); the
siliques scattered, and longer, with 15 to 18 seeds in each cell ; and the
pedicels elongated." Nutt.

9. C. Ludoviciana (Hook.): stems branching from the base, erect or
diffused; leaves pectinately pinnatifid ; segments oblong or linear, toothed;
siliques rather erect, broadly linear ; style none ; seeds orbicular, margined !
—Hook.! in jour. hot. 1. p. 191. C. Virginica, Muhl. cat. p. 63. f ft.
Lancast. ined. 1. p. 476. Sisymbrium Ludovicianum, Nutt.! mss. in herb,
acad. Philad.

Georgia! to Kentucky! Louisiana, and Arkansas. — (T) Stem 4-10 inches
long. Radical leaves rosulate in the young plant; segments 7-10 pairs.

86 CRUCIFER^. Df.ntaria.

Flowers very small, white; pedicels as long as the calyx. Silique nearly an
inch long, (lat; the valves obscurely reticulated. Seeds about 15 in each cell,
with an almost winged margin. — Easily distinguished by its broad siliques
and margined seeds.

'10. C. digitata (Richards.): leaves digitately pinnate; leaflets sessile, li-
near, entire; style short, about as thick as the silique; stigma capitate,
Richards, app. Frankl. journ. p. 26; DC. prodr. 1. p. 53; Hook. Jl.
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 45.

Arctic America. — Stem creeping at the base (not tubcriferous, Hook.).
Flowers as large as in Cardamine pratensis, white or purplish. Siliques not
seen. Richardson.

X Doiihtfid species.

11. C.7 midtijida (Pursh): pubescent, branched; leaves interruptedly
pinnately divided; segments bipinnatifid; ultimate divisions rounded, incis-
ed; siliques shorter than the pedicels. DC. — Pursh., fl. 2. p. 440; DC. si/.st.
2. p. 267.

Florida, near St. Augustine, Bartram in herb. Banks. — 1[ Siliques ob-
long, scarcely 2 lines long, glabrous; style none. Pedicels filiform. DC. —
Perhaps a Nasturtium.

C reflcxa and C. angusiijolia, Raf. Jl. Lnidov., liaving been founded upon the
vague popular descriptions by Robin of plants which Rafinesque never saw, and of
which lie knew nothing whatever, of course cannot be admitted even to the rank of
doubtful species.

8. DENTARIA. Linn. ; DC. syst. 2. p. 271.

Silique lanceolate ; valves plane, ncrvless, often dehiscing elastically : pla-
centae not winged. Seeds ovate, not bordered, in a single series : funiculi
dilated. — Perennials. Rhizoma horizontal, fleshy, often irregularly toothed.
Leaves ternately, palmately, or pinnately divided ; radical ones (when pre-
sent) on long petioles; cauline ones (often 3) near the middle of the stem or
scape, verticillate or alternate. Flowers white or purple.

Scarcely more than a section of Cardamine.

1. D. laciniata (Muhl.) : rhizoma moniliforra; cauline leaves 3, usually
veticillate, ternately parted; segments incised, the lateral ones lobed. —
MithL! in Willd. sp. 3. p. 479. f cat. p. 63 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 1-55; Ell.
sk. 2. p. 144; Bart.Jl. Am. sept. 3. t. 72; Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 46. D.
concatenata, Michx. ! Jl. 2. p. 30.

a. segments of the leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, incisely toothed.

0. segments laciniately pinnatifid.

y. segments narrowly linear, sparingly toothed, or nearly entire.

<5. leaves aUernate; segments ovate, incisely toothed and lobed, a little
rough on the margin.

Rich alluvial soils, Canada to Georgia ! and west to the Mississippi. Wa-
tertown, New-York, Dr. Craive! Macon, Georgia, Croom! April-May. —
Plant 4-12 inches high. Tubers of the rhizoma connected by a neck, spa-
ringly fibrillose, pungent to the taste like mustard. Cauline leaves verticil-
late above the middle of the stem, or alternate (rarely 2), on short petioles ;
segments variable in width and in the form and length of the teeth or laci-
jiiffi ; radical leaves sometmies wanting. Petals 3 times the length of the

Dentaria. CRUCIFERiE. 87

sepals, pale purple, or nearly white, obovate-oblon<T. Style when younj^ not
longer tlian the stamens. Silique somewhat torulose, with a long tapering
point. — We have not seen tlie var. <!. in fruit. It is so remarkable in the furiix
of its leaves that it may prove to be a new species. It is perhaps the 1).
maxima of Nuttall, although it by no means agrees with the detailed descrip-
tion of that botanist.

2. D. maxima (Nutt.): stem tall; leaves (5-7) alternate, remote, the
margin a little roughened; leaflets somewhat oval, incisely andacutely tooth-
ed, lateral ones lobed (flowers pale purple). Nutt. gen. 2. p. 6G ; J)('.
jn-o(lr. 1. p. 155.

Western part of the State of New-York, and Pennsylvania. Nuttall. —
Stem often nearly 2 feet high. Tubers concatenate. Nutt.

3. J). muUifida (Muhl): stem 2-3-leaved ; leaves mostly verticillate, 2-3-
ternately divided; segments and lobes all Unear and very narrow; siliques
narrow.— Muhl. ! cat. p. 63 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 143. D. dissecta, Leaven-
wurtli, in Sill. jour. 7, p. 62.

Shady woods, near Salem, N. Carolina, Schweinitz I Cherokee country,
Dr. Learenworthj near Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Nuttall. — A span high.
llhizoma tuberous. (Nutt.) Leaves with remarkably narrow divisions,
almost as fine as those of the Carrot. Flowers white (Nutt.), smaller than
in D. laciniata.

4. D. heternphylla (Nutt.) : rhizoma moniliform, the tubers oblong; cau-
line leaves 2 (rarely 3), petioled, alternate, ternately divided; leaflets linear-
lanceolate, entire or toothed ; margin minutely and ciliately roughened ; ra-
dical leaves rather obtusely lobed. — Nutt.! gen. 2. p. 66; DC. prodr. 1. p.
155.

Shady woods, near banks of rivers, Pennsylvania ! to Kentucky ! April-
May. — A foot high. Leaflets of the radical leaves incisely lobed and
crenately toothed, the teeth minutely mucronate. Pedicels about as long
as the purplish flowers. Siliques with a long tapering point. Stigma capi-
tate or obscurely 2-lobed.

5. D. cliphylla (Michx.) : rhizoma elongated, toothed ; cauline leaves 2,
ternately divided ; segments ovate or oblong, unequaQy and incisely toothed.
—Michx.! Ji. 2. p. 30; Hot. mag. t. 1465; DC. prodr. 1. p. 169; Hook,
ft. Bor.-Am. 1. p. i6.

Shady Avoods, in rich soil, Canada ! to S. Carolina, west to the Mississippi !
April-May. — Rhizoma extensively creeping, often branched, marked with
projecting teeth, very pungent to the taste (hence the vulgar name, Pepper-
root). Leaves closely approximated above the middle of the stem : petiole
about an inch long. Flowers white or very pale purple : pedicels rather
thick, longer than the flower, spreading.

6. D. tenella (Pursh) : root fibrous, bearing roundish tubers (Hook.);
radical leaves simple, roundish, about 5-lobed ; cauline leaves 1-4, alternate,
ternately or pinnately divided ; segments linear, acute, entire or sparingly
toothed. — Pursh! ft. 2. p. 439; DC. prodr. 1. p. 155. D. tenuifolia, Ledeft.
in mem. acad. St.'Petersb. (1815) p. 547 ?; Hook. jl. Bor.-Am.. 1. p. 46.

Oregon, Menzics, Nuttall! — Plant 3-10 inches high. Radical leaves
scarcely an inch long, crenately lobed. Stem often bearing but a single
nearly sessile leaf. Flowers rather smaller than in Cardamine pratensis,
pale purple. — Mr. Nuttall thinks this plant to be distinct from D. tenuifolia
of Ledebour ; while Sir W. J. Hooker states that he could find no difference
between them. In oiu: Siberian specimens of the latter, the cauline leaves
are distinctly petioled, with tootlied divisions, and the flowers are considera-
bly larger than in the Oregon plant. They have, however, at least in one of
our specimens, a simple lobed radical leaf.

88 CRUCIFERiE. Parrya.

7. D. macrncarpa CNntt. mfifi.) : " root fibrous and tuberous; radical leaf
3-foliolate, the leaflets reniforrn and lobed; cauline leaf solitary, 3-parted,
the segments entire, obtuse ; silique very long.

" Woods of the Oregon, with the preceding. — A small species, remarka-
ble for the great length of its silique, its cuspidate and rather long style, and
capitate stigma. On the receptacle, (as in the preceding^) there remain some
time after inflorescence, 2 filiform denticulations, like abortive stamens. —
Described from a single specimen." Nutt.

8. D. integrifolia (Nutt. mufi.): "rhizoma tuberous; tall and rather ro-
bust; radical leaves trifoliolate, leaflets roundish-oval; cauline 3, alternate,
3-parted or trifoliolate ; divisions linear-oblong, acute, entire ; siliques rather
short, on long pedicels ; petals very large.

" Plains of Monterey, Upper California. — Stem 12-18 inches high. Pe-
tiole of the solitaVy radical leaf very long ; the leaflets large. Flowers
among the largest of the genus." Nutt.

9. D. Californica (Nutt. mss.): "rather robust; leaves trifoliolate, cau-
line ones alternate ; leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceolate, crenate or incisely
denticulate, acute ; siliques lanceolate-linear, rather long.

" Monterey, Upper California. — About the size of the preceding species,
but with smaUer flowers. Cauline leaves 2-3, nearly as large as the radical
ones, and similar in form." Nutt.

9. PARRYA. R. Br. in Parnfs 1st voy. app. p. 269. t. B.

Neuroloma, Andrz. ; DC.

Silique broadly linear ; valves veiny. Seeds in a double series, margined ;
the epiderms loose and more or less corrugated : funiculi partly adnate to
the septum. Lobes of the stigma approximate. — Perennial herbs. Leaves
mostly radical, fleshy, entire or toothed. Flowers rose-color or purple.

1. P. macrocarpa (R. Brown): sDiques broadly linear; anthers linear ;
leaves broadly lanceolate, incisely toothed. Hook. — E. Br. I. c. p. 270 ; Hook.
Ji. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 47. t. 15. Neuroloma arabidiflorum & nudicaule, DC.
prodr. 1. p. 156. Arabis nudicaulis, DC. syst. 2. p. 240. Cardamine arti-
culata, Pursh, ft. 2. p. 439.

a. aspera (Hook.) : pilose with glandular hairs. — Neuroloma arabidiflorum
13. DC. I. c.

8. glabra (Hook.): whole plant glabrous. — N. arabidiflorum, DC. I. c.
(excl. syn.)

Arctic and N. W. America. — Rootstock fusiform. Scape 4-6 inches
high. Petals rose-color or purple, broadly obovate, retuse. Silique 1-2
inches long and 2 lines wide, erect, slightly incurved, somewhat constricted
between the seeds. Seeds slightly corrugated, with a broad membranaceous
border. Hook.

2. P. arctica (R. Brow n): siliques Unear-oblong ; anthers oval; leaves
mostly entire ; peduncles glabrous. R. Br. .' I. c. p. 269. t. B. ; Hook. ! ft.
Bor.-Am,. 1. p. 47, ^ in Porry''s 2nd voy. app. p. 338.

Arctic America ! confined to the eastward of Mackenzie's River, as the pre-
ceding species is to the westward of it. Hook. — Plant 2-4 inches high.
Leaves spatulate-lanceolate. Flowers as large as in Cardamine pratensis,
corymbed : petals purple, rarely white ; limb obovate. Siliques about an
inch long, racemose, spreading or pendulous, obtuse. Seeds 6-8 in each cell,
strongly corrugated.

Leavenworthia. CRUCIFERiE. 89

10. PHCENICAULIS. mat. mss.

" Calyx colored, nearly equal at the base, much shorter than the entire un-
guioulate petals. Silique ensiform, acuminate, flat, not opening elastically ; the
cells about 3-seeded ; valves with a prominent central nerve. Seeds large,
in a single series, not margined; funiculi flat, short, dilated and slightly
adnate towards the base. [Cotyledons flat; the radicle not apphed to their
edge, but lying a little to one side.]— A low perennial herbaceous plant, with
a thick ascending caudex. Scapes slender. Leaves entire, densely and
stellately toracntose. Flowers in simple corymbose racemes, j)urple. Si-
liqucs diverging horizontally."

P. cheiranthoides (Nutt. ! mss.)

" High hills to the east of Wallawallah River, and on rocks on the upper
part of the Oregon. — Stem partly subterranean and descendinjr to a con-
siderable depth. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, entire ; the base attenuated into a
long petiole which is dilated and sheathing at its insertion. Scapes 4-6
inches long, with a few small sessile and partly clasping leaves. Sepals ob-
long, obtuse, bright purple on the margin. Petals purple, oblong-oval, the
claws as long as the calyx. Stamens about as long as the calyx. Stigrna
nearly sessile, somewhat capitate. Pedicels of the flowers erect, of the fruit
divaricate. Siliques straight 1-li inch long, obtuse at the base, tapering to a
long point: valves obscurely reticulated : [septum opaque, with a distinct sin-
gle or double longitudinal nerve : areolae very tortuous, reticulated.] Seeds
oval, smooth, distant, nearly as broad as the septum. — Allied to Parrya ma-
crocarpa ; but differing in the cuspidate siliques, the few seeds in a single
series, without the loose epidermis." Nutt. — The cotyledons are not truly
accumbent ; but the radicle is applied to the back of one of them, not far
from the edge.

11. LEAVENWORTHIA. Torr. in aim. lye. New- York, 3. />. 87. t. 5.

Calyx somewhat erect, equal at the base. Petals equal, cuneiform, trun-
cate or emarginate. Filaments distinct, toothless. Silique sessile, oblong-
linear, compressed, somewhat inflated and contracted between the seeds;
valves indistinctly nerved. Style distinct, or ahnost none. Stigma minutely
bidentate. Seeds in a single series, flattened, with a broad winged margin :
funicuU free. Embryo nearly straight! or with the radicle slightly be^t
towards the edge of the cotyledons : radicle very s'ho'rt,' conical, poinding
obliquely upward : cotyledons orbicular. Septum l-nerycd, minutely reticu-
lated ; the areolae transversely linear-oblong. — Annual herbaceous plants.
Leaves lyrately pinnatifid. Flowers in loose scapoid racemes, or solitary on
long subradical peduncles, yellow.

1. L. aurea (Torr.) : style distinct ; embryo nearly straight. Toi-r. I. c.
Cardamine uniflora, Leavenworth, in Sill. jour. 7. p. 63, (not of Michx.)

Wet places, near Fort Tdwson, Arkansas; also in Texas, and in Jef-
ferson County, Alabairia, Dr:. Leavenworth! — Root straight, descending.
Plant 2-6 inches high. Stem at first short and simple, but at leiigth branch-
ing from the base ; the branches ascending. Leaves mostly radical ; pinna-
tifid, somewhat fleshy ; segments 2-4 pairs, roundish-oblong, obtusely tooth-

12

90 CRUCIFER^. Hesperis.

ed ; the terminal one much larger and somewhat orbicular. Racemes 4-10-
flowered. Flowers in the young plant, or in dwarf specimens, on long
erect naked peduncles or scapes ; in the advanced s.tate on racemes which
terminate the short assurgent branches. Pedi-cels without bracts, an inch
or more in length, filiform, spreading and curved upward. Sepals rather
loose, oblong, obtuse, tinged with purple. Petals golden yellow, tapering into
a long cuneate base. Filaments slender : anthers oblong. Style short, but
conspicuous. SUique rather more than an inch long and nearly two lines
in breadth, slightly torulose, rather convex : septum very thin and transpa-
rent. Seeds 4-5 in each cell, suspended on short rigid funiculi, approximar
ted so that their broad membranaceous margins somewhat overlap. Embryo
nearly straight, from the earliest to the most advanced state. Radicle pomt-
ing upward, at first inclined from the hilum, but afterwards gradually approxi-
mating towards it.

2. L. Michauxii (Torr.) : style almost none ; radicle oblique. Torr. !
I.e. Cardamine uniflora, Michx: ! fl. 2. p. 29; PursJi, f. 2. p. 439; DC.
syst. 2. p. 251.

On rocks about Knoxville, Tennessee, Michaux ! and on wet rocks, Ken-
tucky, Short .'—Greatly resembling the preceding species, but easily dis-
tinguished by its nearly sessile stigma. The difference in the direction of
the^'radicle seems also to be constant. Michaux states that the peduncles are
radical and one-flowered, but the specimens in his herbarium are caulescent;
the racemes terminating short assurgent branches, and the pedicels being
greatly elongated, so as to resemble scapes.

Tribe II. SISYMBRE^. DC.

Silique longitudinally dehiscent ; valves nearly plane, or somewhat
terete and carinate : septum linear. Cotyledons plane, incumbent
(o|| ), contrary to (i. e. with their edges towards) the septum. Seeds
not bordered.

12. HESPERIS. Linn. ; DC. syst. 2. p. UQ.

Silique nearly terete, or 4-sided and somewhat compressed. Stigmas 2,
erect connivent. Inner sepals saccate at the base. Seeds somewhat 3-sided.
Stamena toothless. — Rocket.

1. H. matronalis (Linn.): stem erect, nearly simple; leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate, toothed ; pedicels as long as the calyx ; petals obovate, siliques gla-
brous, torose, erect, margin not thickened (flowers white or rose-color). DC.
prodr. l.p. 189; Hook.Jl. Bar.- Am. 1. p. 59.

. Shores of Lake Huron, Dr. Todd, (fide JEToo/r.)— Doubdess introduced.

2. H. minima : pubescent with appressed 2-parted hairs ; leaves linear-
lanceolate, attenuate at the base ; siliques numerous, erect, compressed, pu-
bescent ; stem erect, simple. Hook.—U. pygmaea, Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p.
60. t. 19. (not of Delile) Cheiranthus pygmseus, Adams; DC. prodr. 1. p.
137, fide Hook. .

Arctic America, Kotzebue's Sound. — (I) Root fusiform. Stem in fruit a
span high, a little flexuous. Leaves mostly radical, entire or sinuate-toothed.
Corymb many-flowered, racemose in fruit. Petals large, obovate, purple.

Sisymbrium. CRUCIFERiE. 91

Stigma 2-lobcd. Siliques linear-ensiform, slii^htly falcate, pale purple.
Hook. — Sir William Hooker is inclined to refer to this species Cheirantlius
Pallassii, J^i/rsh, which is described as havinj^ rather terete siliiiues and a
subcapitate stigma, if his suspicion is confirmed, Pursh's specific name must
be adopted.

3. //. Menziesii (Hook.): leaves spatulate, fleshy, covered with an ap-
pressed 2-parted pubescence; siliques (young) spreading; stem very short,
erect, simple. Hook. fl. Bar.- Am. 1. p. 60.

California.— Root perennial, ligneous. Flowers larger than in the preced-
ing species, purple? Hook.

13. SISYMBRIUM. Allioni ; DC. .9T/.9t.2. p. 458.

Silique somewhat terete. Stigmas 2, somewhat distinct, or connate and
capitate. Sepals equal at the base. Seeds ovate or oblong. Cotyledons
sometimes oblique.

§ 1. Siliques subulate, terminated with a short style : pedicels very
short, thickened and appressed to the axis after Jlowering. — Velarum,
DC.

1. S. officinale (Scop.) : leaves runcinate, and, with the stem, hairy,
flowers very small (yellow). DC. prodr. 1. p. 191 ; Hook. fi. Bor.-Am. 2.
p. 61. Erysimum officinale, Linn. ; Piirsh, fl. 2. p. 436; Ell. sk. 2. p. 148.

Road-sides and waste places, Canada ! to" Georgia; Oregon. May-Aug.
Introduced.— (1) Stem 1-3 feet high. Racemes elongated, curved in fruit.
Petals cuneate, longer than the calyx. Siliques 6-10 lines long, attenuate
into a short style.

§ 2. Siliques terete : style very short : calyx spreading or erect : seeds
oblong. — Norta, DC.

2. S. junceum (Bieb.) : leaves glabrous, glaucous; the lower ones petioled,
runcinately pinnatifid ; upper ones linear-lanceolate, entire. DC. prodr. 1.
p. 191 ; Hook.fi. Bor.-Am.. \.p. 61.

Dry stony places on the Oregon, Douglas, and Rocky Mountains towards
the source of Salmon River, Mr. Wyeth. (fide Nutt.) Apparently identical
with the European plant. Nutt.

3. S. linifolium (Nutt.! mss.) : glabrous; stem slender, simple; leaves
linear, undivided, the lower ones somewhat laciniately cleft (flowers large);
petals nearly twice as long as the calyx ; siliques linear and narrow. — Nas-
turtium linifolium, Nutt. ! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 12.

Plains of the Rocky Mountain range, towards the head-waters of the
Platte, Mr. Wyeth! May— 2j: Stem 8-12 inches liigh. Leaves all nar-
row, not glaucous : the axils often leafy. Silique about 2 inches long.— Very
near the preceding, but the flowers and siUques are larger.

4. )S. pygmceum (Nutt. ! mss.) : dwarf, nearly smooth ; stem somewhat sim-
ple ; lower leaves somewhat lyrately pinnatifid, oblong ; upper ones entire,
linear ; petals longer than the calyx '; silique long and narrow.— Nasturtium
pumilum, Nutt. ! I. c.

Head waters of the Missouri, in dry soils. Flowering early m the sprmg.—
11 Stem 3 inches high, slightly pubescent. Leaves attenuated at the base
into a petiole ; terminal segment rounded and obtuse. Flowers about 3 lines
long, in short racemes.

92 CRUCIFERyE. Sisymbrium.

§ 3. Siliques terete : seeds ovate, someiohat triangular: flowers yellow.
— Irio, DC.

5. S. Sophia (Linn.) : leaves bipinnatifidly divided ; lobes oblong-linear,
incised; pedicels 4 times the length of the calyx ; petals smaller than the
sepals. DC.—Fursh, ft. 2. p. 440?; DC.prodr. \.p. 193.

Near Quebec, and "other parts of Lower Canada, Mrs. Percival ! near
Montreal, Dr. Holmes ; Virginia, Pursh. Apparently native in Canada.
July. — (^ Plant 2 feet high. Segments of the leaves less than a line in
breadth. Siliques an inch long, linear, very narrow.

6. S. sophioides (Fischer) : leaves bipinnatifid; lobes ovate or lanceolate,
incised ; pedicels (and petals) somewhat shorter than the calyx ; siliques
linear-filiform, falcate, and, as well as the flowers, in umbeUiform corymbs.
Hook.—Fisch. in Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 61. t. 20. S. Sophia, Cham, f
Schlecht. in Linnoia, 1. p. 28. S. Sophia, var. ? Richards, app. Frankl.
journ. p. 27.

Hudson's Bay to Kotzebue's Sound.— @ Stem branching, flexuous, near-
ly glabrous. Peduncles glandular-pubescent. Flowers deep yellow. SiU-
ques densely umbelled (not elongated into a raceme in fruit), 2 inches long,
3 times the length of the pedicels.

7. S. canescens (Nutt.) : leaves bipinnatifid ; lobes oblong or lanceolate,
somewhat toothed ; petals scarcely exceeding the calyx ; siliques in elongat-
ed racemes, oblong or oblong-linear, shorter (or rarely longer) than the
pedicels.

a. canescent ; lobes of the leaves obtuse (or obovate) ; siliques somewhat
clavate, about half as long as the pedicels. — S. canescens, Nutt. .' gen. 2. p.
68; DC.prodr. 1. p. 194; Ell. sk. 2. p. 147; Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 62.
Erysimum pinnaium, Walt. Car. p. 174. Cardamine? Menziesii, DC.
prodr. 1. p. 153. (fide Hook.)

Li. leaves minutely pubescent, but not hoary ; peduncles and pedicels spar-
ingly furnished with stipitate glands intermixed with simple pubescence ;
siliques as in var. a.

y. leaves glabrous ; lobes obtuse, mostly entire ; stem and pedicels minutely
glandular ; siliques as in var. a. & 0.

S. lobes of the leaves somewhat acute, and, with the stem, furnished with
minute stipitate glands ; petals rather longer than the calyx ; siliques scarcely
attenuate at the base, somewhat longer than the pedicels. — S. brachycar-
^Mm, Richards. ! app. Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. 27; DC.prodr. \.p. 194;
Hook. ft. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 62.

€. (Californicum) : somewhat canescent ; lobes of the leaves acutely
toothed ; petals obovate, one-half longer than the calyx.

f. (brevipes, Nutt. mss.) : " siliques usually longer than the pedicels. "

a. Arctic America to Florida ! Arkansas ! Rocky Mountains, plains of the
Oregon, and Upper California, Nuttall. 0. Georgia ! Arkansas ! Texas !
y. Kentucky, Short ! <5. Arctic America and Canada, ex Hook. ; Lake Su-
perior, Dr. Houghton ! Dr. Pitcher ! £. California, Douglas ! ?. Rocky
Mountains, Nuttall— (Tj Plant 1-2 feet high. Flowers very small (in var.
e. twice as large as in the other varieties). Pedicels spreading, with the
siliques often erect.

§ 4. Siliques linear, compressed, somewhat terete: stigma nearly sessile:
flowers white {or rose-color) : peduncles usually short. — Arabidopsis,
DC.

8. S. humile (Ledeb.) : canescently pubescent, perennial ; stems diffuse ;
leaves entire or sinuate-toothed ; radical ones spatulate ; cauline ones lanceo-

SisYMBRicM. CRUCIFER^. 9S

late, attenuate at the base; siliques pubescent, terete, tondose, linear ; 5 times
the length of the pedicels. Hook. ! fi. lior.-Am. 1. p. 62.

u. leaves mostly entire. Ledeb. — Hook. I. c.

0. leaves sinuate-toothed and somewhat pinnatifid. Ledrb. — Hook. I. c.

Rocky Mountains, lat. 52°-57°, to Arctic America ! — Stems 3-6 inches
high. Radical leaves numerous, rosulate, nearly an inch long: pubescence
stellate. Flowers 3-4 lines in diameter, " white or rose-color." Hooker.

9. S. Thaliana (Gay) : annual; stems often many from one root, rather
naked, branching above, erect ; leaves (and lower part of the stem) hairy,
sparingly toothed ; radical ones ovate-oblong or spatulate-oblong, somewhat
petioled; siliques erect-spreading, twice as long as the pedicels. — Gay., in
ann. sci. nat. 7. p. 399; Hook. Ji. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 63; Meyer, pi. Cauc.
(1831) ;). 190. Arabis Thaliana, Linn.; Eng. hot. t. 901; Pursh! fl. 2. p.
437; DC. prodr. 1. p. 144.

On rocks and in sandy fields, Massachusetts ! to Georgia ! west to Ken-
tucky. Introduced ? May. — Stem 3-10 inches high ; the upper part gla-
brous. Cauline leaves oblong or linear. Flowers very small. Siliques
straight, 6-8 lines long. Seeds in a single series.

10. (S. glaucum (Nutt. ! mss.) : "annual, glaucous, much branched;
leaves entire ; radical ones small, spatulate ; cauline ovate, sagittate and
clasping, rather acute; siliques nearly straight, erect, compressed, with con-
vex: valves, four times the length of the pedicels.

" Prairies of the Oregon, towards the Rocky Mountains. — About a foot
high, erect. Flowers very minute, pale purple. Petals cuneate-oblong, one-
half longer than the sepals. Siliques three-fourths of an inch long, glabrous:
style almost none. Seeds in a single, or partly in a double series. Cotyle-
dons decidedly incumbent." Nutt.

11. S. virgatum (Nutt. ! mss.) : " biennial, canescently hirsute with sim-
ple and stellate hairs ; stem virgately branched from the base ; leaves lanceo-
late-linear, clasping, lower ones denticulate or entire ; siliques somewhat te-
rete, erect, 4-5 times the length of the pedicels ; seeds in a double series.

" Hills of the Rocky Mountain range, near the sources of the Sweet Wa-
ter of the Platte. — About a span high. Leaves 6-8 lines long, and 2 Unes
wide. Flowers rather larger than in the preceding species, pale purple.
Petals obovate-spatulate, obtuse. Radicle almost exactly dorsal." Nutt. —
Septum very thin and translucent, marked with a distinct central nerve.

12. S. paucijiorum (Nutt. ! mss.) : " biennial, hirsute with forked hairs
(not canescent) ; leaves entire, radical ones narrowly oblong-spatulate ; cau-
line lanceolate-linear, sessile; stem rather slender, branching from the base;
siliques long, pendulous ; seeds in a double series.

" With the preceding. — Stem about a foot high, slender, nearly smooth
above. Flowers about twice as large as in the preceding species, white.
Petals exserted. Siliques three times as long as the pedicels." Nutt.

X Doubtful species.

13. S7 teres: small, erect, branched ; leaves all somewhat lyrately pin-
natifid; siliques rather short, linear, acuminate, on very short pedicels. —
Cardamine teres, Michx. ! ji. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 29 ; DC. syst. 2. p. 259.

Vermont, on Lake Champlain, Michaux. ! — (1) Stem about 8 mches high,
a little roughened with short hairs. Leaves nearly glabrous, cauline ones with
3-4 pairs of lobes ; the lobes entire or toothed, terminal one 3-cleft. Ra-
cemes long : pedicels about a line long. Siliques erect, one-third of an inch
in length, pointed with a slender style one line in length ; valves very con-
vex. Seeds very numerous: cotyledons distinctly incumbent. — We have

94 CRUCIFER^. Erysimum.

removed this little-known plant to Sisymbrium, on account of the incum-
bent cotyledons ; but we are by no means certain that it belongs to this ge-
nus. DeCandoUe asks whether it may not be a Nasturtium. The speci-
mens in Michaux's herbarium are only in fruit.

S. Icptopdalum (Raf.) Jl. Laulov. p. 2G8.— See note on p. 8G.

14. TROPIDOCARPUM. Hook. ic. 1. t. 43.

Silique linear or lanceolate-linear, compressed contrary to the septum ;
valves somewhat carinate. Septum very narrow, often incomplete. Seeds
oblong, compressed, not margined. Cotyledons narrow, shorter than the
radicle. Sepals equal at the base. — Herbaceous annuals. Leaves pinnatiiid.
Flowers small, yellow, in leafy racemes.

1. T. gracile (Hook.) : nearly glabrous ; leaves pinnatifid; silique linear,
— Hook. I. c.

Wet places on the plains around Monterey, Upper California, Douglas,
■jSfuttall .'—Stem decumbent, 6-12 inches long, very sparingly hirsute. Radi-
cal leaves bipinnatifid, the others pinnatifid ; segments narrowly linear and
very acute. Flowers from the axis of the uppermost leaves, on slender pe-
duncles, 3-8 lines long. Sepals oblong. Petals obovate, erect, nearly twice
the length of the sepals. Silique about an inch long, attenuated into a short
style ; the septum sometimes nearly obliterated.

2. T. scabriusculum (Hook.) : somewhat roughly hirsute ; leaves bipinna-
tifid ; silique lanceolate. — Hook. ! I. c. t. 52.

With the preceding, Douglas! Nuttall.'— Differs from T. gracde chiefly m
its hu-sute pubescence, rather shorter leaves and peduncles, and somewhat
smaller flowers.— The ripe siliques of this species have the septum complete
the whole length. It is very narrow, so that, at the upper part, the opposite
placentEe are almost in contact. Hooker has not described the seeds of this
genus, probably because his specimens were immature. The cotyledons are
decidedly incumbent, but lie with their edges parallel to the septum !

15. ERYSIMUM. Linn.; DC. syst. 2. p. 491.

Silique 4-sided. Calyx closed. Cotyledons oblong.

§ Style short or scarcely any : calyx deciduous: leaves neither cordate
nor clasping : fiowers distinctly pedicellate.— ETysimastmm, DC.

1. E. cheiranthoides (Linn.) : somewhat scabrous with a minute appres-
sed' pubescence ; leaves lanceolate, denticulate or entire ; siliques erect,
spreading-, twice the length of the pedicels; stigma smaW.—Pursh, f. 2. p.
436 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 198; Hook.! f. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 64. E. parviflorum,
Pers.syn.2.p.l'd9;Nutt.!gen.2.'p.\^. . ,^ ,.

Along streams, throughout the United States ! and Canada ! west to Mis-
souri and N. W. Coast. July-Aug.— 0 or (2) Stem 1-2 feet high, simple
or branched. Pubescence 3-4-parted. Flowers small, yellow. Siliques
about an inch long, pointed with a short style.— A native also of Europe.

2. E. lanceolat%im{R.Brown): canescently scabrous with an appressed
2-parted pubescence ; stem nearly simple ; leaves linear-lanceolate, the lower
ones usually toothed; claws of the petals longer than the calyx; siliques

Erysimum. CRUCIFER^E. 35

long, erect; stigma eraarginate. Hook. — /?. Br. in liort. Kew. {ed. 2.) A. p.
116; DC. -prodr. I. p. 199; Hook. Ji. liar. -Am. I. p. 04. Chciranthus
erysimoides, Linn.

Canada to Arctic America. — Distinguished ("rom the preceding by its
more pubescent leaves, shorter siliques, and larger Howers. Hook.

3. E. a.'^perum (DC.) : canescent with a scabrous appressed pubescence,
the hairs (ixcd by the middle ; stem simple ; leaves linear-lanceolate, cauline
ones entire, radical ones runcinate-toothed ; siliques elongated, at length
spreading; style short, very thick; stigma 2-lobed. — DC! syst. 2. p. 506;
Hook. .ft. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 64. t. 22. E. lanceolatum, Phrsh, f. 2. p. 436.
(fide ' DC.) Cheiranthus asper, Nutt.! gen. 2. p. 69.

Missouri ! to Oregon, and in British America, north to lat. 65°. (^ Stem
12-18 inches high. Cauline leaves 2 inches long, 2-3 lines wide ; margin
retrorsely scabrous. Flowers large, fragrant. Petals with the claws longer
than the sepals. Siliques 2-3 inches long, scarcely a line wide, somewhat
quadrangular. Seeds oblong. Cotyledons distinctly incumbent, although the
radicle is a little oblique.

4. E. Arkansanum (Nutt.! mss.): "slightly roughened with appressed
hairs, which on the stem are fixed by the middle and on the leaves 3-parted ;
stem simple ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, runcinately and sinuately toothed,
attenuate at the base ; sihques elongated, nearly erect, tapering at the sum-
mit; stigma 2-lobed.

" Open plains of Arkansas. [Also in Texas, Dr. Leavenworth .'] — (5)
Stem li-3 feet high, angular above. Leaves about 2 inches long, scarcely
one-third of an inch wide ; the radical ones almost pinnatifidly toothed, with
distant teeth. Raceme at first short and corymbose ; in fruit much elongat-
ed. Flowers as large as in the common Wall-flower, yellow, shaded with
orange. Claws of the petals much exserted ; Umb broadly obovate. Si-
hques 2^ inches long, ahnost exactly 4-sided." Nutt. — Cotyledons obliquely-
incumbent. Differs from the preceding in the less scabrous pubescence,
narrower and toothed leaves, and in the tapering summit of the style, as
well as in the larger flowers.

5. E. elatum (Nutt.! mss.): "somewhat scabrous; the hairs on the stem
fixed by the middle, on the leaves 3-4-parted ; stem tall and simple ; radical
leaves usually runcinate ; cauline lanceolate, remotely denticulate, attenuated
at each extremity.

" Grassy situations by the banks of the Wahlamet. — (5) Stem 3-5 feet
high, covered with minute appressed hairs, but not canescent. Radical
leaves more or less divided or toothed, sometimes, as likewise those of the
stem, almost entire. Flowers very large, colored with various shades of yel-
low and orange. Claws of the petals exserted, half an inch or more in
length; Umb obovate. Mature siliques not seen." Nutt. — Very near the
preceding.

6. E. parviflorum (Nutt. mss.) : " canescent and scabrous ; stem low and
simple ; leaves all linear or somewhat lanceolate, almost wholly entire ; si-
liques erect; petals scarcely longer than the calyx.

"Plains of the Rocky Mountains. — (z) or If About a foot high. Leaves
remarkably narrow, densely clustered at the base of the stem. Flowers
small, sulphur-yellow." Nutt.

. 7. E. piimi7M7H. (Nutt. mss.) :" somewhat scabrous ; leaves linear, (appa-
rently) all entire ; siliques flatly 4-sided, very long, erect ; pedicels very short ;
stigma small, nearly entire ; petals longer than the calyx.

" Dry elevated plains of the Rocky Mountains. — (1) Stems 2-4 inches
high. Flowers pale yellow, conspicuous. Siliques 3 inches or more in
length." Nutt.

96 CRUCIFER^. Pachypodium.

8. E. grandiftoimm (Nutt. ! mss.): "dwarfish, slightly roughened with
appressed forked or stellate hairs ; leaves oblong-spatulate, obtuse, entire or
somewhat angularly lobed towards the base ; petioles long and slender ; flow-
ers in capitate corymbs ; siliques very long, somewhat torulose ; stigma con-
spicuously 2-lobed. . , • • • r- n/r TT r^ ve ■

" Sand hills of Pomt Pmus, m the vicinity of Monterey, Upper Cabtornia.

jyiarch. Root very long and straight, perennial. Stems growing partly

under the sand, crowned with the vestiges of several years' growth of leaves;
the part above-ground 3 to 6 inches in height. Leaves very flat, often whol-
ly entire sometimes repandly denticulate, softietimes angularly lobed below;
lamina an inch or more in length and 5-6 lines broad, attenuated at the base
into a slender petiole 1-2 inches long. Corymb scarcely extending beyond
the leaves. Flowers fragrant, deep yellow, uncommonly large. Inner sepals
saccate at "the base. Petals with the claws exserted. Filaments very broad,
flat. Siliques 2-3 inches long, somewhat curved upwards and outwards,
scarcely a line wide. Style scarcely any : stigma pubescent." Nutt.

16. PACHYPODIUM. Niott. mss.

" Silique somewhat terete, elongated, torulose, on a short thick stipe.
Seeds in a single series, oblong, scarcely margined. Cotyledons obhquely
incumbent. Calyx nearly erect, equal at the base. Glands 4 at the base of
the stamens. Petals narrow, on very long claws.— Annual or biennial, gene-
rally tall plants, with the siliques crowded and almost corymbose. Flowers
pale violet or rose-color. Leaves entire or laciniate."

1. P. laciniatum (Nutt. \ mss.): glabrous ; leaves all petioled, laciniate-
piniiatifid ; flowers on spreading pedicels ; petals hnear, 3 times as long as the
calyx • stipe very short ; siliques tapering at the summit.— Macropodiura la-
ciniatum. Hook. ! hot. misc. 1. p. 341. t. 68, ^ fl. Bor.-Am. 1. jx 43.

Rocky places beneath cliiFs on the Wallawallah and Oregon Rivers,
Douo-las ! NuttalU— Stem erect, 1-3 feet high, branching. Leaves atten-
uated into a netiole ; lacinise spreading, entire or toothed. Raceme strict,
dense : pedicels about 2 lines long. Sepals oblong. Petals very narrow,
pale red or almost white. Anthers hnear. Siliques an inch and a half
long slender, much crowded at the summit of the peduncles, tapering into
a slender style : stigma small, simple : stipe less than a line in length. Radi-
cle lying near the edge of one of the cotyledons^ but truly incumbent.— Very
distincrfrom Macropodium in the very short stipe of the silique, and in the
incumbent cotyledons.

2. P. integrifolium (Nutt. ! mss.) : " leaves entire ; radical ones petioled,
oblong-elliptical; cauline lanceolate-oblong, sessile; uppermost nearly hnear ;
stem fastigiately branched ; flowers ahnost corymbose, crowded ; petals spat-
ulate-obovate ; pedicels twice as long as the calyx ; stipe short, but dis-
tinct ; silique abruptly pointed. , , ^ r

" Elevated plains of the Rocky Mountains, towards the Oregon, as tar as
Wallawallah.— (2) Stem terete, smooth, 3-5-feet high, attenuated upward,
and sending out numerous branches toward the suimnit. Flowers pale rose-
color. Pedicels about ,half an inch long, almost horizontal. Sepals mem-
branaceous, oblong. Stamens exserted. Claws of the petals extending be-
yond the calyx. Siliques an inch in length, contracted between the seeds,
nearly terete ; the stipe nearly a Une long." Nutt.— Seeds as broad as the
cell ; the radicle dorsal, lying midway between the middle and the edge of
one of the cotyledons. Septum with a broad longitudinal nerve.

Stanleya. CRUCIFERiE. * 97

3. P. s a ^-it latum (J^ntt.l mss.) : leaves entire ; the cauliue ones lanceo-
late, sagittate, clasping ; stipe almost wanting; petals obovate, the limb as
long as the claw ; silique abruptly pointed, nearly erect ; raceme elongated
in fruit.

" Plains on the west side of the Rocky Mountafns. — (5) About 2 feet
high, sparingly branched. Leaves somewhat glaucous, radical ones small
and spatulate. Flowers pale reddish-Avhite. Sepals broadly ovate. Petals
nearly twice as long as the calyx, strongly veined. Pedicels of the fruit
nearly half an inch long. Siliques an inch and a quarter in length, rather
broadly linear, somewhat incur\'ed." Nutt. — Seeds as broad as the cell ; the
radicle dorsal and almost medial. — This species is hardly a congener with
the preceding. It may belong to Sisymbrium § Cardaminopsis.

17. STANLEYA. Nutt. gen. 2. p. 71 ; DC. syst. 2. p. 511.

Silique nearly terete, slender, supported on a long stipe. "Seeds oblong,
somewhat terete. Cotyledons oblong-linear." DC. Calyx colored, spread-
ing. Petals erect, linear or spatulate ; claws exceeding the lamina in length,
and connivent into a tetrahedral tube. Stamens somewhat equal : anthers
linear. — Glabrous and glaucous perennial herbs. Leaves lyrately pinnatifid
or undivided. Flowers yellow, in long racemes.

1. S. pinnatifida (Nutt.): leaves thickish. interruptedly lyrate-pinnatifid;
lobes somewhat lanceolate, entire or with 1-2 large teeth. — Nutt. ! gen. 2.
p. 71 ; DC. syst. 2. p. 512. Cleome pinnatifida, Fursh, fi. 2. p. 739.

Rocks on the upper part of the Missouri, and near the head-waters of
Lewis's River, Nuttall ! May. — Stems 2-3 feet high, often several frorn
one root, decumbent at the base. Leaves large, sometimes with a very mi-
nute pubescence on the under side, deeply pinnatifid. Flowers in a crowded
raceme, very showy : pedicels about half an inch long, erect-spreading.
Calyx linear, pale orange-yellow. Petals sulphur-yellow, the claw lon^ and
very narrow, pubescent internally ; lamina linear-oblong, about hall the
length of the claw. Filaments very long and slender, pubescent below, with
a glandular enlargement at the base: anthers at length revolute. " Silique
an inch or more in length ; the slender stipe nearly an inch long." Nutt.
— We have not had an opportunity of examining the ripe siliques of this
very interestins plant ; neither were they found by Mr. Nuttall, either in this
or any of the following species, during his recent journey across the con-
tinent.

2. 5f. integrifolia (James) : leaves thick, ovate-oblong, entire, attenuate at
each end ; stipe as long as the pedicel. — Tames ! in Long^s exped. 2. p. 17.

Sandstone ridges at the base of the Rocky Mountains, Dr. James .'—Stem
simple. Leaves 5-6 inches long and 2-3 w'ide, prominently veined, undulate.
Sepals deep yellow, spatulate-oblong. Petals yellow, spatulate-obovate ;
claws very thick. Filaments recurved-spreading. Ovary flattened contrary
to the septum ; the edges of the septum prominent. Style none.

3. ,S'. heterophylla (Nutt. ! mss.) : " stem erect, lower leaves lyrately pin-
nate, somewhat pubescent beneath ; terminal segment much larger, ovate-
lanceolate, somewhat serrate ; upper leaves lanceolate, entire ; lamina of the
petals longer than the claws.

" Rocky situations near Lewis's River, in the Rocky Mountains. — A more
humble species than S. laciniata, which it resembles in the color of the flow-
ers. Under surface of the leaves pubescent with very short and somewhat
stellate hairs." — Nutt.

13

98 CRUCIFERiE. Warea.

4. S. viridijlora (Nutt. rass.) : " erect, glabrous ; leaves cuneate-obovate,
acute, entire ; the radical ones with a few runcinate teeth towards the base ;
petals linear, and, as well as the calyx, herbaceous.

" Bare shelving hills on Ham's Fork of the Colorado of the West, and in
other parts of the Rocky Mountains, towards the sources of Lewis's River;
also on the head waters of the Platte. July- Aug.— Root very stout and cy-
lindrical, penetrating deeply into the earth ; the taste bitter and nauseous.
Stem simple, 3-4 feet high. Radical leaves clustered, about a span long, oc-
casionally almost pinnatifid at the base ; cauline ones entire, rapidly dimin-
ishing in size upward, so that the superior part of the stem is naked. Ra-
ceme very long (sometimes 2 feet in length), crowded with flowers. Calyx
and corolla greenish-yellow, and not showy. Sepals long and linear. Petals
linear ; the lamina scarcely longer than the claw. Anthers very long and
linear. Immature fruit smooth ; the pedicel about half an inch long : stipe
about an inch in length, nearly as long as the silique." Nutt.

18. WAREA. Nutt. in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 83.

Silique compressed, slender and elongated, supported on a long stipe.
Sepals colored, ligulate or spatulate. Petals spreading or reflexed ; claws
very slender, longer than the lamina. Stamens somewhat equal. Glands 6
at the base of the stamens.— Annual glabrous plants. Leaves entire. Flow-
ers and siliques in umbelliform racemes, purple or white : siliques pendulous,
curved.

1. W. amplexifolia (Nutt.): leaves oblong-ovate, partly clasping; siliques
ancipital. — Nutt. I I. c. t. 10. Stanleya amplexifolia, Nutt. in Sill. jour. 5.
p. 297: DC.prodr. 1. p. 200.

East Florida, Mr. Ware; Middle Florida, Dr. Chapman .'—Stem 1-3
feet or more in height, fastigiately branched above. Lower leaves not seen ;
cauline i an inch to an inch in length, rather acute. Racemes scarcely half
an inch long ; the flowers much crowded and almost verticiUate, showy.
Pedicels spreading, and at length recurved, very slender. Calyx nearly equal
at the base: sepals purpUsh, narrow, a little dilated upward. Petals rather
pale purple : limb nearly orbicular, undulate ; claw one-third longer than the
limb, glandularly roughened towards the base. Stamens much exserted;
the filaments capillary and glabrous : anthers linear-oblong. Ovary linear :
stigma sessile. Stipe of the fruit nearly capillary, purplish, about three-
fourths of an inch long; siliques U inch long and less than a line in width,
somewhat acute. Seeds (immature) oblong, in a single series : funiculi slen-
der, free.

2. W. cuneifolia (Nutt.) : leaves nearly sessile, rather thick, oblong, ob-
tuse, attenuate at the base ; siliques with the valves somewhat convex. — Nutt. !
in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 84. Cleome cuneifolia, Muhl. cat. p. 64 ; Ell.
sk. 3 p. 150. Stanleya gracilis, DC. prodr. 1. p. 200.

Sand hiUs, Georgia, Le Conte ! Baldxcin ! Middle Florida, Dr. Alex-
ander ! — Stem 1-3 feet high, fastigiately branched above. Leaves i-1 inch
long, the uppermost ones oblong-linear. Racemes as in the preceding species.
Sepals white, spatulate. Petals white ; the claws nearly twice as long as
the obovate lamina, roughened. Silique about an inch and three-quarters long;
the stipe about half an inch in length. Seeds linear-oblong, not margined,
in a single series : radicle dorsal and nearly medial. Cotyledons oblong.
Septum opaque, Avithout a central nerve ; the tubuli straight and ascending,
slightly reticulated.

Selenia. CRUCIFERiE. 99

Tribe 111. BRASSICE.^. DC.

Silique dehiscent : septum linear. Style often enlarged and with a
seminiferous cell at the base. Seeds for the most part globose. Co.
tyledons incumbent, conduplicate or longitudinally plicate, with the
radical lying in the sinus (0»)*

19. SINAPIS. Linn.; DC. sysl.2.p.mi.

Silique somewhat terete ; valves nerved. Style short, acute. Seeds sub-
globose, in a single series. Calyx spreading. — Biennial or annual (rarely
perennial) herbs. Leaves usually lyratc, incised orpinnatifid. Flowers yel-
low, in elongated racemes. — Mustard.

1. .S. nigra (Linn.): siliques appressed, glabrous, somewhat 4-sided;
style short (not rostrate) ; lower leaves lyrate, uppes ones lanceolate, entire.
—DC. prodr. \.p. 218 ; Eng. bot. t. 969 ; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 390.

Fields and waste places. June-Aug. Introduced — (f) Lower leaves
large, scabrous ; cauline ones glabrous. Sepals yellow. Petals obovate, un-
guiculate. Silique about three-fourths of an inch in length, pointed with the
short and slender 4-sided style. — Black Mustard.

2. S. arvensis (Linn.): siliques glabrous, many angled, torose, about three
times the length of the slender somewhat ancipital style ; stem and leaves
more or less hairy. — DC. prodr. 1. p. 219; E7ig. bot. t. 1748.

Western and Northern parts of the State of New York! Lower Canada,
Mrs. Percival ! Introduced. June-Aug.— (T) Plant 2-3 feet high. Lower
leaves large, somewhat lyrately pinnatifid : upper ones oblong-ovate : all ir-
regularly repand-toothed. Flowers bright yellow. Siliques somewhat
spreading, \\ inch long ; beak nearly as broad as the silique. Seeds large
and black.

2. SiliculoscB.

Tribe IV. SELENIEyE.

Silicle dehiscent : septum broad and membranaceous. Seeds in-
verted ! (i. e. with the radicle ascending, and next the placentae.)
t Cotyledons plane, accumbent (or nearly so) parallel with the septum.

20. SELENIA. Nutt, in jour. acad. Philad. 5. p. 132. t. 6.

Silicle broadly oval, acute at the base, margined ; valves reticulated, some-
what inflated : septum sometimes incomplete ; areolae transverse. Seeds 4-6
in each cell, orbicular, with a broad and thin cartilaginous border : funiculi
free. Radicle very short. Calyx nearly equal at the base, colored, spread-
ing. Glands 10. Petals erect. Stamens toothless. Style elongated. — An
annual herb. Leaves pinnately parted. Flowers yellow, in leafy racemes.

S. aicrea (Nutt.! 1. c.)
/?. septum nearly wanting.

100 CRUCIFER^. Vbsicaria.

Wet prairies, Arkansas, NnUall ! Dr. Pitcher. /?. Near St. Au^stine,
Texas, Dr. Leavenworth ! March- April.— Stem 4-8 inches high, branch-
ing from the base, 3-sidecl. Leaves pinnatifid, the radical ones somewhat
rosulate, with the segments more or less toothed. Raceme at first corym-
bose, but afterwards elongated into a leafy raceme ; the pedicels with a folia-
ceou's bract at the base of each, or rather axillary, the leaves gradually di-
minishing in size upward. Flowers about half an inch in diameter, golden
yellow, fragrant. Sepals linear-oblong, yellow. Petals spatulate, entire, near-
ly twice as long as the calyx. Glands 8 by pairs at the base of the sepals,
and 2 (emarginate) at the base of the shorter stamens. Ovary linear-oblong,
flat : style ensiform : stigma capitate. SiUcle 5-6 lines long and 3-4 broad,
(in /?. one-third larger), abruptly acuminated with the persistent style : valves
very thin, reticulated with slightly prominent veins : septum complete m the Ar-
kansas plant, a mere narrow border in /?., the central part being entirely want-
ing ; areolee linear. Seeds in a double series^ exactly orbicular, with a notch
at the hilum, dotted ; the border thin, but rigid. Radicle scarcely half as
long as the cotyledons, not truly accumbenl, but lying on the side of one of
the cotyledons,' very near its edge.— This remarkable plant resembles the
tribe Cremolobeaj of R. Brown (Oudney, p. 7.) in its inverted or resupinate
seeds ; but differs in so many respects, as well from that, as from all the tribes
of De CandoUe, that we have been obliged to give it a place by itself.

Tribe V. ALYSSINE^. DC.

Silicle dehiscent ; valves plane or convex : septum broadly oval and
membranaceous. Seeds compressed, often margined. Cotyledons
plane, accumbent (lying next the placentae), parallel with the septum.

21. VESICARIA. Lam. ill. t. 559 ; DC. syst. 2. p. 295.

Silicle globose or ovate, inflated ; valves hemispherical, membranaceous
or somewhat rigid. Seeds several (4-6 in each cell, or by abortion' fewer),
sometimes margined: funiculi partly adnate to the septum. Petals entire. —
Flowers yeUow.

§ 1. Silicle globose, membranaceous, inflated. — Vesicariana, DC.

1. F. arc^icct (Richards.): canescent with a steUate pubescence ; radical
leaves crowded, spatulate, mostly entire, obtuse ; cauhne ones few, linear ;
style slender, about half the length of the globose silicle. — Richards, app.
Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. 26 ; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am,. 1. p. 48.

a. flowers larger; silicles glabrous [or minutely pubescent]. Hook. — V.
arctica, Richards.; DC. prodr. 1. p. 159. Alyssum arcticum, Fl. Dan. t.
1520.

/S. flowers smaUer; silicles [densely] pubescent. Hook. — V. arctica. Hook,
bot. m.ag. t. 2882. V. arenosa, Richards. I. c.

British America, from Canada ! to the Arctic Regions ! Island of Anti-
costi, Mr. Shepherd! April-May. — 11 Stem 3-8 inches high; the neck
marked with the vestiges of former leaves. Pedicels 4-6 lines long. Sflicle
somewhat ovate-globose, as large as a small pea. Style filiform: stigma ca-
pitate, distinct. Seeds 4-6 in each cell, roundish, without a margin. Funi-
culi adnate to the septum towards the base.

Vesicahia. CRUCIFERiE. 101

2. V. Ludoviciana (DC): canescent with a stellate pubescence; radi-
cal leaves spatulate, entire, obtuse ; cauline linear; style slender, longer ilian
the ovary, and nearly as long as the obovate-globosc silicle. — DC. syst. 2. p.
297. Alyssuni Ludovicianum, i\«<^. / gen.2.pQ3. Myagruin argenteum,
Pursh, fi. 2. p. 434.

Rocky hills of the Missouri and Platte, NiiUall, Dr. Jamrs ! N. W.
Coast, Dous:la.<i. April- June. — 1| Stem 6-8 inches high, simple, or some-
what branched above. Leaves about an inch long. Flowers golden-yellow.
Petals obovate. Silicle smaller than in the preceding species, nearly smooth
when old.

3. V. grandijlora {Yiodk) ; canescent with a steUate pubescence; leaves
sessile, cuneate-oblong, sinuately toothed ; siUcle globose, glabrous ; style
about two-thirds the length of the silicle ; petals obcordate, twice as long as
the calyx ; stamens thickened at the base. — Hook. bot. mag. t. 3464 ; D.
Don in Brit.jl. gard. (.ser. 2.) t. 401.

0. pallida : stem sparingly pubescent ; leaves narrowed at the base, rather
coarsely toothed ; flowers almost white ; silicle globose.

Texas. Drummoiid! P. Small prairies near St. Augustine, Texas, Dr. Lea-
venworlh ! — (l) Stem slender, decumbent, much branched, about a foot
long. Leaves an inch in length. Calyx copiously hairy : sepals elliptical-
oblong. Ovary spherical, scarcely stipulate ; septum veinless : ovules 6 in
each fell. D. Don. — We do not recognise this species among our Texan
specimens collected by Drummond, kindly sent us by Sir William Hooker ;
but our var. /?. agrees so nearly with the description and figure of Don,
that we cannot regard it as specifically distinct.

4. V. repanda (Nutt. ! mss.) : stem minutely and sparingly pubescent,
decumbent ; leaves linear-oblong or nearly linear, ahnost glabrous, narrowed
at the base, repand, obtuse ; silicle obovate-globose, on a short stipe ; style
about two-thirds as long as the silicle; stigma capitate; petals obovate,
twice the length of the calyx ; filaments subulate.

Banks of the Red River, Arkansas, Dr. Pitcher ! — Stem a foot or more
in length, branching from the base, rather stout and angular, the upper part
sparingly pubescent. Leaves li-2i inches long ; the upper ones slightly
repand-denticulate, with a few minute appressed stellate hairs on both sur-
faces. Pedicels an inch long, spreading. Sepals linear- oblong. Petals 3-4
lines long, Avith distinct claws. Ovary obovate-oblong: each cell with 6-8
ovules. Silicle 2 lines long, on a distinct pedicel : style rather slender : stig-
ma conspicuous.

5. V. angustifolia (Nutt.! mss.) : canescently and stellatcly pubescent :
radical leaves lyrately pinnatifid or repandly toothed, oblong, attenuated at
the base ; cauline linear, entire, or repand ; silicle globose, glabrous, nearly
sessile ; style filiform, rather shorter than the silicle ; petals obovate-oblong,
twice the length of the ovate sepals ; filaments subulate, dilated at the base.

Prairies of Arkansas and Red River, Nutt all! Dr. Leavenicorth ! April.
— (T) Stems several from one root, about a foot high. Radical leaves taper-
ing at the base into a long petiole ; cauline ones about a line Avide. Raceme
not much elongated in fruit. Seeds mostly abortive, few in each cell : funi-
culi adhering to the septum at the base.

6. V. Nnttallii : somewhat pubescent, branched from the base and procum-
bent; leaves lanceolate-oblong, obtusely repand-dentate or almost entire ;
silicle pyriform-subglobose, somewhat stipitate, glabrous ; style two-thirds as
long as the silicle ; petals obovate ; filaments dilated at the base.

Prairies of Red River, Arkansas, Nnttall ! Dr. Leavenworth ! — (J) Stem
12-18 inches long. Leaves an inch or more in length, narrowed at the base.
Racemes much elongated in fruit : pedicels nearly an inch long, spreading
or somewhat recurved. Flowers bright yelloAV. Silicle 2 lines long, a little

102 CRUCIFER^. Vesicaria.

constricted near the base, and with a circular depression at the insertion of
the stipe. Seeds 4 in each cell (ovules 6-8), not margined : funiculi partly-
adhering.

7. V. brcvistijla : densely and stellately pubescent; radical leaves lyrately
pinnatifid or toothed ; cauline ones oblong, sessile, dentate-serrate ; siUcle
globose, sessile, glabrous : style rather thick, one-third the length of the sili-
cle ; seeds margined, about 6 in each cell ; petals broadly obovate ; filaments
dilated at the base.

Texas, Drummond ! — (T) Stems numerous from one root, about a foot
lone. Radical leaves 2-3 inches long ; cauline about three-fourths of an
inch in length, closely sessile and but little dilated at the base. Petals 4-5
lines long, with a short claw. Fdaments short, with a broad ovate dilatation
at the base. Sihcle about 2i lines in diameter.

8. V. gracilis. (Hook.?): somewhat scabrous with sparse stellate hairs;
leaves oblong and Imear-oblong, entire or remotely denticulate ; silicle globose,
stipitate, shorter than the style, glabrous ; seeds 2-3 in each cell, not niar-
gined ; petals obovate ; filaments subulate. — Hook. hot.mag.t.MQ'i^l (in a
note.)

Texas, Drummond ! — 0 About a span high, erect ; several slender stems
from one root. Radical leaves petioled ; cauline sessile, narrowed at the
base. Silicle about a line and a half in length ; style filiform ; stigma
minute.— Hooker (1. c.) has noticed tAvo Texan species, without describing
them ; but from the appropriateness of the name, there can be little doubt
that the plant here described is his V. gracilis.

9. V. ^/lor/a.- decumbent, somewhat pubescent with stellate hairs; leaves
elliptical, sessile, entire, or slightly repand ; silicle globose, with scarcely any
stipe ; style more than twice as long as the silicle ; seeds 2 in each cell, not
margined ; petals obovate ; filaments dilated at the base.

Banks of Elkhorn Creek, near Frankfort, Kentucky, Short .'— (T) Stem
about a span long, slender. Leaves i-1 inch long, narrowed at each end.
Flowers bright yellow : pedicels half an inch in length. Silicles scarcely a
line in diameter, stellately pubescent. Seeds suspended from near the sum-
rait of the cell.— Easily distinguished by its small silicle and very long
style.

§ 2. Silicle ovate; valves convex, rather Wg-i(Z.— Alyssoides, DC.

9. V. alpina (Nutt. ! mss.) : " dwarf and csespitose, canescent with a
dense stellate pubescence ; leaves linear-spatulale, entire ; calyx equal at the
base, deciduous; silicle inflated below, compressed at the summit, shorter
than the slender style.

" High hills of the Rocky Mountain range, toward the sources of the
Platte.— If Main stem short and thick, throwing up nuinerous stalks 2-4
inches high. Leaves nearly an inch long, and about a line in width." Nutt.
— Flowers in short corymbose racemes, large for the size of the plant. Petals
oblong-spatulate, one-half longer than the calyx. Filaments subulate, with a
callous enlargement at the base of each: anthers ovate. Silicles acute,
densely clothed with stellate hairs : septum usually with an oval hole in the
centre : cells 4-seeded. Seeds not margined.

§ 3. Silicle didymous, much inflated, membranaceous.— "PhysaTia,
Nutt. mss.

10. V. didymocarpa (Hook.) : canescent Avith a stellate pubescence ; ra-
dical leaves broadly obovate-spatulatc ; cauline ones spatulate-lanceolate,

Draba. CRUCIFERiE. 103

mostly entire ; silicles large, inflated, didymous ; seeds not margined.— //oofr,
//. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 49. t. IG.

In deep sand on the Rocky Mountains, lat. 52^-57, Drummond ! and on
the Argillite hills of the Platte, from Scott's Bluffs to the mountains, Nut-
tall! Oregon, Douglas, Nidtall.— U Root fusiform. Stems branching
from the base, diffuse, 3-4 inches high. Flowers showy, corymbed. Petals
obovate-spatulate, nearly twice as long as the calyx. Silicle conspicuously
didymous ; each cell of the size of a large pea : septum lanceolate !

22. ALYSSUM. Linn, (in part); DC. syst. 2. p. 301.

Silicle orbicular or elliptical ; valves plane or convex in the centre. Seeds
2-4 in each cell, compressed, sometimes membranaceously margined. Calyx
equal at the base. Petals entire. A part of the stamens usually toothed.

1. A. hyperboreum (h'lnn.): stems herbaceous, caespitose ; leaves ellipti-
cal, coarsely and acutely toothed, somewhat hirsute; silicles elliptical; the
longer stamens toothed. DC.—Pursh, Ji. 2. p.i3i; DC. prodr. 1. p. 164.
Draba hyperborea, Dcsv.

N. W. Coast.— A doubtful native of America.

23. DRABA. Linn.; R. Br. inhort. Kew. 4. p. 91.
Draba & Erophila, DC.

Silicle oval or oblong ; valves plane or convex. Seeds many, not margin-
ed. Calyx equal. Petals entire or bifid. Stamens aU toothless. — Flowers
white or yellow.

§ 1. Petals entire. — Draba, DC.
* Perennial: scapes mostly leafless.

1. D. algida (Adams): flaccid; scapes short, naked, pilose with spreading
hairs; leaves oblong, plane, and (with the calyx) pilose with simple hairs;
silicles somewhat corymbed, elliptical, glabrous ; style very short ; flowers
yellow. Hook.— DC. prodr 1. p. 167 ; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 50.

y. hrachycarpa (DC.) : silicle shorter, ovate. — DC. I. c.

S. breviscapa (Hook.) : scape immersed among the smoothish leaves.
Hook. I. c.

Sea-coast of Arctic America. — Pedicels always glabrous. Petals obovate,
twice the length of the calyx. — Very near D. alpina. Hook.

2. D. alpina (Linn.) : somewhat rigid ; scapes naked, mostly somewhat
hirsute ; leaves spatulate-lanceolate, plane, more or less pilose with branching
hairs; petals (yellow) more than twice the length of the calyx; silicles some-
what corymbed, oblong-elliptical ; style very short. — Fl. Dan. t. 56 (leaves
broader than in our plant) ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 67 ; R. Br. ! in Parry's 1st
voy. app. p. 265 ; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 50.

a. silicles glabrous. — D. alpina, herb. Linn, ex R. Br. I. c.
P. silicles hairy. — R. Br. I. c.
^. flowers white.— flbofc. I. c.

104 CRUCIFER^. Dhaba.

Melville Island ! Shore of the Arctic Sea ! Kotzebue's Sound.— Flowers
lar2:e, fine yellow, rarely white. Our specimens from Melville Island have
the scape and sepals nearly glabrous, and the leaves very sparingly hirsute.

3. D.glaciaUs (Adams): scape naked, stellately pubescent or glabrous;
leaves linear-lanceolate, entire, rigid, stellately pubescent; petals (yellow)
twice the length of the calyx ; silicles racemose, oblong-ovate, the ceUs 5-6-
seeded ; style short. — '"'' Adams, in merii. soc. iiat. Mosc." ex DC. j)rodr. 1. p.
167 ; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 51.

a. scapes, pedicles, and silicles [nearly] glabrous ; flowers pale yellow.
Hook. ! I. c.

/?. scapes and pedicels pubescent ; silicles glabrous. Hook. ! I. c.

y. scapes, pedicels, and silicles strongly hirsute-pubescent. Hook. ! I. c.

S. smaller ; scapes numerous and, with the pedicels, glabrous ; flowers very-
pale yellow. Hook..' I.e.

e. smaller ; scapes and pedicels glabrous ; flowers deep yellow. Hook. I. c.

Rocks on the loftiest of the Rocky Mountains, lat. 52^-57°, and on the
shores of the Arctic Sea. — Leaves narrow and more rigid than in the pre-
ceding species, furnished with a strong midrib. Style short, but distinct.

4. D. oligosperma (Hook.) : scape naked, slightly pubescent ; leaves
erect, linear, rigid, ciliate, stellately pubescent on both sides, especially
towards the apex ; petals (white) twice as long as the slightly hairy calyx ;
siUcles pubescent, racemose, elliptical, rather acute at each end, 4-8-seeded,
four times the length of the style. Hook. ! Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 51.

fi.1 Andina (Nutt. ! mss.) : " densely csespitose; leaves imbricated, linear-
oblong ; silicle ovate, rather obtuse at the base ; cells about 2-seeded."

Mackenzie's River, lat. 68^. P. Summits of lofty hills towards the sources
of the Platte, within the Rocky Mountain range. Nuttall ! — Stems or scapes
in a. 3 inches ; in /?. 2 inches high. Leaves about 3 lines long. Pedicels a
little longer than the fruit.— The var. /?. diff"ers in its more densely imbricated
leaves, as well as in the shorter and fewer-seeded silicles. The flowers have
not been seen. It wiU perhaps prove to be a distinct species.

5. D. densifolia (Nutt. ! mss.) : " densely csespitose in somewhat globose
tufts ; leaves closely imbricated, oblong-linear, strongly ciliate, and hirsute
with nearly simple hairs ; scapes naked, hirsute ; silicle ovate, pubescent,
with a style about one-third its length; cells mostly 2-seeded.

" On the central chain of the Rocky Mountains towards Lewis's River. —
Resembles the preceding, but differs in the pubescence being nearly simple,
and in the remarkable density of the fohage." Ntdt.

6. D. pauciflora (R. Brown) : scapes and pedicels hairy ; leaves lanceo-
late, entire, hairy (the hairs simple or branched) ; petals (yellow) spatulate,
scarcely exceeding the hirsute calyx. B. Br. in Parrifs 1st voy. app. p.
266 ; Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 51.

Melville Island. — A doubtful species : near D. alpina. /?. Brown.

7. D. micropetala (Hook.) : scapes and pedicels hairy ; leaves broadly
lanceolate, veiny, entire, covered with a simple or branched pubescence ; pe-
tals (white) linear-spatulate, scarcely exceeding the slightly hairy calyx; si-
licles eUiptical, glabrous ; stigma sessile, emarginate. Hook. ! in Par-ry''s 2d
voy. app. p. 385, (fjl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 52.

island of Igloolik, and (/?. minor) sea coast of Arctic America. — Habit of
D. alpina. The flowers resemble those of D. pauciflora, but are white.

8. D. mxiricella (Wahl): scape naked, velvety; leaves oblong, entire,
canescent with u soft stellate pubescence ; silicles oblong-lanceolate, gla-
brous (flowers white.) DC— Wahl. jl. Lapp. p. 178. t. 11. /. 2; DC.
prodr. 1. p. 168 ; Hook.Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 52. D. nivalis, Liljeblab.; Pursh,
Jl. 2. p. 433 %

Draba. CRUCIFERiE. 105

Labrador and Arctic America.— Not well distinguished from D. nivalis
and D. hirta. Hook.

9. D. oblongata CR. Brown) : scapes naked, somewhat floccosely hirsute ;
leaves cajspitose, oblong-linear, entire, ciliate and velvety ; sihcles oblong-
elliptical, velvety. DC.—R. Br. in Ross's toy. app. (without descr.) ; DC.
prodr. 1. p. 168; Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 52. D. hirta, var. 2. Hook, in
Pamfs voy.

Shores of Arctic America.— Flowers unknown : style very short.

10. D. corymbosa (R. Brown): scape naked, minutely hispid; leaves
densely caespitose, oblong, attenuate at the base, ciliate and somewhat hispid ;
silicles elliptical, corymbose, minutely hispid. DC. — li. Br. I. c. ; DC.
prodr. \.p. 169; Hook.ji. Bor.-Am. l.p.52.

Shores of Arctic America.— Very near D. oblongata and D. rupcstris.
/?. Brown.

11. D. hirta (Linn.): scape puberulent, often bearing one or two toothed
leaves ; radical leaves oblong, mostly entire, minutely pubescent; silicles ob-
lonof, and. with the pedicels, glabrous ; style almost none (flowers white).
DC.— Wahl.f. Lapp. p. lib. t. 11./. 3; DC. prodr. l.p. 169; Hook. Jl.
Bor.-Am. l.p. 52.

J. siliquosa: silicles 9 lines long. Hook. I. c.

t. leaves almost glabrous ; scape entirely glabrous. Hook. ! I. c.

Arctic and Subarctic America! Rocky Mountains; Kotzebue's Sound.—
A variable plant, appearing to pass into D. rupestris on the one hand, and
into D. incana on the other. Hook.

12. D. rupestris (R. Brown) : scape naked, or with a single leaf, pubes-
cent ; leaves oblong-spatulate, ciliate and somewhat hirsute ; silicles oblong,
pubescent or glabrous ; stvle very short ; stigma emarginate (flowers white).
Hook.! jl. Bor.-Am. l.p.' 53.

a. silicles pubescent. Hook. ! I. c— D. rupestris, R. Br. in hort. Kexo. 3.
p. 91 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 169. D. hirta, Eng. bot. t. 1338. D. hirta, var. 4.
Hook, in Parry'' s 2nd voy. app. p. 386.

/?. silicles 2:labrous. Hook. '. I. c.

Rocky Mountains, lat. 52^-57°.- Not well distinguished from D. hirta.
The var. p. Hooker supposes to be identical with D. nivalis, Willd. If so,
as is not improbable, that name being the older by several years, must be
adopted instead of the one here employed.

13. D. Lapponica (Willd.): scapes naked, glabrous; leaves lanceolate,
entire, ■•■-'• " ' ' i . -_j / ..

brous.
Hook. ^

androsacea, Wahl. jl. Lapp. p. 174. t. 11./. 5.
Melville Island 1 — Flowers white.

14. D. stellata (Jacq.) : scape with a single leaf, pubescent ; leaves oblong-
oval, tomentose with a short stellate pubescence ; pedicels puberdent ; si-
liques oblong. DC— '' Jacq. hort. Vindob. p. 113, Obs. n. 5i.t. i.f. 3." ;
DC. prodr. l.p. 169; Deless. ic. 2. t. 46./. B; Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. l.p. 53.
D. hirta, Jacq.

0. hebecarpa: silicles entirely clothed with a velvety pubescence. DC.
I. c. ; Hook. l. c.

Unalaschka and Kotzebue's Sound. 0. Arctic America !— Lower leaves
lanceolate-obovate, ciliate. Flowers white.

15. D. Icevipes (DC.) : scapes naked or with a single leaf, pubescent ;
leaves ovate, tomentose with a short woolly pubescence ; silicles long and

14

106 CRUCIFER^. Draba.

linear, and, with the pedicels, glabrous. DC. syst. 2. p. 346 ; Deless. ic. 2. t.
46./. A; Hook.fl. Bur.-Am. 1. p. 53.

Rocky Mountains, lat. 52^-57°. — Flowers white. Silicles 6 lines long and
scarcely one line wide. DC.

16. D. crassifolia (Graham); scape naked or with a single leaf; calyx
and pedicels glabrous ; leaves linear -spatulate, somewhat fleshy, ciliate with
simple hairs ; petals a little exceeding the calyx, retuse ; silicles ovate-ellipti-
cal, glabrous. — Graham, in Edinb. pjiil. jour. 1829.^3. 182; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-
Am. 1. p. 54.

o. petals white. Hook. I, c.

0. petals pale yellow. Hook. I. c.

Summits of the Rocky Mountains, lat 52^-57°, Drummond ! and about
lat. 41°, Nuttall. — Scapes 1-2 inches high : flowers small. Silicles glabrous.
Hook. Leaves lanceolate-linear, entire or somewhat serrate. Nutt.

* * Perennial : stems leafy.

17. D. ? Icevigata (Cham. & Schlecht.) : stem leafy, simple, glabrous,
strict ; radical and inferior cauline leaves petioled, ovate, attenuate at the
base, somewhat fleshy, the margin obscurely ciliate ; silicles oblong-lanceolate,
glabrous, 4-6 times as long as the pedicels. Cham. ^ Schlecht. in Linncea,
1. p. 25 ; Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 54.

Island of St. Lawrence, Chamisso. — Root thick, descending. Radical
leaves few, (not in a rosulate cluster) with the petiole 1^-2 inches long. —
Stems several, 3-4 inches high in flower, elongated in fruit. Flowers white.
Silicles 7-8 lines long, and 3-4ths of a line broad : style very short. Seeds
not seen. Cham. ^ Schlecht. — Hooker has placed this in his second section,
including the annual and biennial species ; but the authors above quoted state
it to be perennial.

18. D. ramosissima (Desv.) : puberulent ; stems numerous ; leaves linear-
lanceolate, remotely and sharply laciniate-toothed ; racemes corymbosely
panicidate ; silicles lanceolate, attenuate at each end, pubescent ; style one-
fourth the length of the silicle. — Desv. jour. bot. 3. p. 168; DC. syst. 2. p.
355 ; Gray ! in ann. lye. New- York., 3. p. 224. D. arabisans, Pursh ! fl. 2. p.
434. (not of Michx.) D. dentata. Hook. ^ Am. ! in jour. bot. 1. p. 192
(without descr.); Hook.! ic. \.t. 31. Alyssum dentatum, Nutt.! gen. 2.
p. 63.

On rocks, Harper's Ferry, Virginia ! and Cliffs of Kentucky River, Short!
April-May. — Rhizoma creeping, branching and throwing up tufts of stems,
which are about a span high. Pubescence simple and stellate (mostly with
4 rays). Radical leaves rosulate, crowded, with a long cuneiform base; cau-
line ones sessile, almost pectinateiy toothed; the teeth 2-3 on each side.
Racemes forming a large spreading panicle : flowers white. Pedicels erect-
spreading, about as long as the somewhat contorted silicle. Seeds 4-7 in each
cell. — A very distinct species, with much the habit of D. arabisans.

19. D. arabisans (Michx.) : slightly and stellately pubescent ; stem leafy,
simple or branching from the base, leaves acutely toothed, radical ones cune-
ate-lanceolate, the cauline oblong; silicles glabrous, lanceolate-oblong, acumi-
nate with a very short but distinct style ; petals (Avhite) about twice as long
as the sepals.— Mic/i.r. .' /. 2. p. 28 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 170 ; Hook. ft. Bor.-
Am. 1. p. 55. D. incana /?. glabriuscula, Gray ! in ann. lye. New- York, 3.
p. 223.

/?. leaves nearly entire, radical ones rather obtuse ; style almost wanting. —
D. Longii, herb. Schwein. ! ; Nutt. ! onss.

Rocks, Lake Champlain, Michaux ! and on the borders of small lakes in
the northern part of the State of New York ! /?. Fort Gratiot, and N. shore

Draba. CRUCIFER^. 107

of Lake Superior, Dr. Pitcher ! — Stems many from a single root, 6-8 inches
high. Radical leaves numerous, forming a rosulate tuft, 1-U inch long,
acute, much attenuated at the base, furnished with 2 (rarely more) very acute
spreading teeth on each side, sometimes entire; cauUne leaves somewhat
clasping! Flowers in a short close nearly simple raceme. Petals broadly
ovate. Silicle half an inch long, contorted; cells about 10-seeded: lower
pedicels nearly as long as the silicle ; upper ones shorter, often cohering by
pairs nearly or quite to the summit.— Nearly related to D. incana, and also to
D. hirta. We have seen in the herbarium of the Academy at Philadelphia,
si)ecimens of the var. 0. ; but the locality is not recorded.

♦♦* Annual or biennial : stems leafy.

20. D. incana (Linn.) : stem leafy, simple or branching, clothed with a
velvety stellate pubescence ; leaves ovate, toothed ; silicles oblong, glabrous
or pubescent, contorted or straight.

a. cauline leaves ovate, acutely toothed ; silicles mostly contorted, gla-
brous ; style very short.— D. incana, Fl. Dan. t. 130 ; Pursh, fi. 2. p. 434 ;
Hook.fl. Hor.-Am. 1. p. 54. D. contorta, Ehrh.; DC. prodr. I. p. 170.

p. confusa : leaves sparingly toothed ; silicles pubescent. — D. mcana, var.
Linn. D. confusa, Ehrh. ; DC. prodr. I. c. ; Hook. '. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 54.

y. borealis : somewhat hirsute ; stem-leaves few, ovate ; radical ones ob-
long, attenuate at the base, entire ; silicles . . . (ovaries ovate) — D. borealis,
DC. syst. 2. p. 342. (fide Hook.)

a. Labrador. 0. Arctic America and the Rocky Mountains, y. Islands of
St. Lawrence and Unalaschka.— @ and Ij? Stems 6-10 inches high, usually
sev.eral from one root. Raceme somewhat compound. Hook.

21. D. glabella (Pursh) : slightly and somewhat stellately pubescent ; radi-
cal leaves oblong-spatulate ; cauline ones 2-4, ovate, toothed or entire; petals
(white) naore than twice as long as the very smooth calyx ; silicles. . . Hook.
— Pursh, fl. 2. p. 434? ; Richards, app. Frankl. jour. ed. 2. p. 27 ; Hook,
fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 54.

Margins of alpine rivulets in the Rocky Mountains, between lat. 52^-57='.
Hudson's Bay, Pursh.— Uahit of D. crassifolia, but 3-4 times the size, and
the flowers as large as any of the genus. Silicles not seen. Hook.

22. D. Unalaschkiana (DC): stem leafy, simple, pubescent; leaves
ovate-oblong, entire, pubescent ; silicles oblong, minutely hirsute. DC. syst.
2. p. 3S0 ; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 55.

Unalaschka.— Petals (white) twice as long as the calyx ; lamma obovate,
emarginate. DC.

23. D. aurea (Vahl) : pubescent ; stem erect, leafy ; leaves lanceolate or
ovate-lanceolate, acute, entire or toothed ; corymbs terminal and axillary ;
silicles oblong-lanceolate, pubescent, 3 times as long as the pedicels ; petals
(yellow) emarginate; style rather short. Hook.—Fl. Dan. t. 1460; DC.
prodr. 1. p. 170; Hook.fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 55, f in hot. mag. t. 2934.

Rocky Mountains. — Flowers sometimes white. Hook.

24. D. lutea (Gilib.) : pubescent; stem branching, leafy; leaves oval;
cauline ones lanceolate, toothed ; silicles oblong-elliptical, glabrous, about 30-
seeded, one-third the length of the pedicels. Hook.— DC. prodr. 1. p. Ill ;
Hook. ft. Bor.-Am. I. p. bb. , . , .,. i tt i

fi. lonsripes (DC.) : pedicels 3-4 times the length of the siUcles.— l/oo/i:.
I. c— D.^gracilis, Graham^ in Edinb. phil. jour. 1828. p. 172.

Arctic and Subarctic America ! Grassy moist places at the junction of the
Wahlamet and the Oregon, Nuttall /—Stem 6-15 inches high, very slender,

108 CRUCIFERtE. Draba.

usually simple, but sometimes a little branching from the base : pubescence
simple or forked. Flowers very small, yellow: petals about twice as long as
the calyx. Silicle 4 lines long, rather obtuse : stigma sessile. — Hooker's
reference to Nuttall's Genera is a mistake, as Nuttall has no D. lutea. Not
very distinct from the next species.

25. D. nemoralis (Ehrh.) : pubescent; stem branched; leaves oval;
cauline ones lanceolate, toothed ; silicles oblong-elliptical, pubescent, nearly
30-seeded, one-third the length of the pedicels. Hook. — DC.prodr. l.p. 171;
Hook ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 55.

a. flowers yellow ; petals nearly entire. Hook. I. c.

fi. flowers nearly white ; petals emarginate. Hook. I. c.

N. W. Coast and Subarctic America ! P. Plains of the Rocky Mountains,
Nuttall ; Fort Gratiot, Michigan, Dr. Pitcher ! — Stem slender, 3-4 inches
high, pubescent below, glabrous above. Leaves hirsute. Flowers minute.
Pedicels very long. Petals emarginate, longer than the hairy calyx. — Our
specimens from Dr. Pitcher have glabrous fruit.

26. D. muralis (Linn.): pubescent; stem branching, leafy; leaves
broadly ovate ; cauline ones cordate, somewhat clasping, strongly toothed ;
silicles oblong-elliptical (glabrous, DC.)., about 16-seeded,a little shorter than
the pedicels (flowers white). Hook. — Eng. hot. t. 192 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. Ill ;
Hook.fi. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 56.

About Montreal. Petals entire or notched, upon the same plant. Hook.
— The last three species are in much confusion, which we have not the
means of clearing up, and we have therefore very closely followed Hooker,
who, however, is far from being satisfied with his own account of them.

27. D. cuneifolia (Nutt.): hirsute-pubescent; stem branching below;
leaves sparingly toothed ; radical ones spatulate-oblong ; cauline ones few,
oblong-ovate, somewhat attenuate at the base; racemes rather elongated in
fruit ; silicles oblong-lanceolate, minutely hispid, twice as long as the pedi-
cels ; petals (white) emarginate. — Niitt. ! mss. in herb. Hook.

Grassy places around St. Louis, Missouri; also in Arkansas and West
Florida, Nuttall ! Kentucky, Short ! March- April. — Very pubescent , the
hairs branching. Plant 3-8 inches high ; the lower part only clothed with
leaves, slender. Radical leaves an inch and a half long, and three-fourths of
an inch broad. Flowers rather large : petals nearly three times as long as
the calyx. Silicles 6-7 lines long, minutely hispid, especially on the margin,
diverging horizontaUy ; cells about 15-seeded : style none.

28. D. platycarpa: canescently hirsute with branching hairs; stem
branching below, the branches leafy ; leaves remotely toothed ; radical ones
obovate ; cauline oblong, closely sessile ; racemes elongated in fruit ; silicles
obovate-oblong, minutely hispid, shorter than the pedicels ; petals (white)
emarginate.

Texas, Drummond! — Stem 3-8 inches high, divergingly branched below.
Leaves about an inch long, with 2-3 distinct teeth on each side. Petals
broadly obovate ; the claw short : limb deeply emarginate. Silicles on spread-
ing pedicels, 3-4 lines long and nearly 2 lines broad, very obtuse ; cells 25-
30-seeded.

29. D. hrachycarpa (Nutt. mss.) : minutely pubescent, simple or branch-
ed ; radical leaves roundish-ovate, petioled, cauline oblong or linear, minutely
(about 2-) toothed, or entire; racemes many -flowered, strict, elongated in
fruit (flowers Avhile) ; silicles oval, glabrous, about the length of the pedi-
cels; cells 5-6-seeded ; style very short; petals entire. — Alyssum bidentatum,
Nutt. ! in herb. Hook.

fi. fastigiata (Nutt. mss.) : more pubescent ; stem mostly simple ; radical
leaves mostly 4-toothed ; silicles pubescent.

COCHLBARIA, CRUCIFERiE. 109

Plains and open grassy places, near St. Louis, Missouri ; and in Arkansas,
Nuttall ! Milledgeville, Georgia, Dr. Boykin ! Macon, Georgia, Mr. Loovii.i!
0. Arkansas, Nutlall ! March-April. — Stem often much branched,' leafy.
Flowers minute. Silicles about 2i lines long; valves marked with a me-
dian nerve, obscurely veined. Petals obovatc, very slightly emarginate.

30. D. Caroliniana (Walt.) : stem leafy and hispid at the base, naked
and sniooth above ; leaves roundish-ovate, entire, hispid ; silicles linear,
glabrous, corymbed, longer than the pedicles ((lowers white). — Walt. Car.
p. 174; Ell.sk.2. p. 138; DC. proch. 1. p. 171. D. hispidula, Mich.r. !
Jl.2. p. 28; Pursh.'Ji. 2. p. 433. Arabis rotundifolia, Raf. in Avier. month.

mag. 2. p. 43.

p. umbeUata : silicles elongated, almost umbellate.

Sandy fields, Connecticut ! to Georgia ! west to Arkansas ! /?. Arkansas,
Dr. Pitcher '. April-June. — Plant 1-3 inches high. Petals oblong, twice as
long as the sepals. Silicles 4-6 lines long; cells 20-30-seeded : style almost
none. — Petals in the terminal flowers of old racemes very minute, or nearly
wanting.

31. D.micrantha {^mXX. mss.) : "stem leafy and hispid below, naked
and smooth above ; leaves cuneate-obovate, hispid, entire ; silicles linear, mi-
nutely hispid, much longer than the pedicels (flowers white).

" Open plains and rocky places about St. Louis, and in Arkansas." Nut-
tall. — Differs from the preceding chiefly in the hispid silicles.

§ 2. Petals 2^arted. — Erophila, DC.

32. D. rerna (hinn.) : scapes naked; leaves lanceolate, somewhat tooth-
ed; silicles elliptical. — Eng. hot.t. 586; PuTsh ! Ji. 2. p. 433. Erophila
Americana & vulgaris, DC. prodr. 1. p. 173. E. vulgaris, flbo/c. fl. Bor.-
Am. 1. p. 56.

Fields and hill sides, Canada ! to Virginia ! March-April. — (l) Scapes 1-
4 inches high, filiform. Flowers minute, Avhite. Silicles on long pedicels :
style very short. Seeds numerous.

24. COCHLEARIA. Tourn. ; DC. syst. 2. p. 358.

'Silicle ovate-globose or oblong ; valves ventricose. Seeds numerous, not
bordered. Calyx equal, spreading. Petals 2-parted. Stamens tootliless.
Style short or none. — Flowers white. Leaves mostly fleshy.

1. C. ohlongifoUa (DC.) : silicles roundish, half as long as the pedicels ;
cauline leaves oblong, entire (or sinuate-toothed), sessile, the uppermost
slightly auricled. DC. .<!yst. 2. p. 263; Hook.fi. Bo7\-Am. 1 p. 56.

N. W. America ; Sitclia, Bongard.

2. C. Anglica (Linn.) : silicles globose-elliptical, reticulately veined, half
as long as the pedicels ; radical leaves petioled, ovate, entire ; cauline ones
oblong. DC— Eng. hot. t. 552 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 173 ; Hook.fi. Bor.-Am..
1. p. 57.

Arctic America and Kotzbue's Sound to Oregon. — Septum often fenes-
trate. Hook.

3. C.f enestrata (R.^rovfn)'. silicles elliptical or oval; valves scarcely
veined ; septum elliptical-lanceolate, with the axis often fenestrate ; radical
leaves cordate, entire ; cauline ones oblong-spatulate, somewhat toothed.
R. Br. ! in Ross''s voy. and in Parry^s \st voy. app. p. 266; DC. prod?:
l.p. 174 ; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 57.

110 CRUCIFER^. Cameuna.

Shores of the Arctic Sea! — Root fibrous, thickened at the neck, and
throwing up several short simple or branching stems. Leaves glabrous. Ra-
cemes short and crowded. Silicle apiculate with a very short style. Seeds
about 8 in each cell.

4. C q^ciiialis (hinn.) : silicles globose-ovate, half as long as the pedi-
cels ; radical leaves petioled, cordate ; cauline ones ovate, toothed or angled.
DC.—Eng. bot. t. 551 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 173 ; Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. l.p. 57.

Arctic America, ex Hook. — A native also of Europe.

5. C. Danica (Linn.) : silicles elliptical [or subglobose] as long as the
pedicels ; leaves aU petioled, deltoid. DC. — Eng. hot. t. 696 ; DC. prodr.
1. p. 173; Hook.ji. Bor.-Am. l.p. 57.

Arctic America, ex Hook. — A native also of the northern parts of Eu-
rope.

6. C. tridactylites (DC.) : silicles globose-ovate ; cauline leaves with a
single tooth on each side (as if 3-lobed). DC. syst. 2. p. 367.

Labrador, Herb. Banks, (according to DC.)

7. C. Grcp.nlandica (Linn.) : silicles ovate, as long as the pedicels ; radi-
cal leaves petioled, reniform, entire ; cauline ones few or none. DC. pi^odr.
1, p. 173.

Greenland. — A native also of Norway and Iceland.

8. C spaZ/mZaia (Schlecht.) ; stellately pubescent; silicles globose-ellip-
tical ; leaves spatulate, coarsely toothed, acute, veined. Hook. — Schlecht. in
herb. Willd. ex DC. syst. 2. p. 369; Hook.ji. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 57. C.
septentrionalis, DC. prodr. 1. t. 174. Draba grandis, Langsdorff ; DC.
syst. 2. p. 355 ; Deless. ic. 2. t. 47.

Aleutian Islands, lat. 56^-57. — Septum fenestrate. DC.

9. C. siliquosa (Schlecht.) : silicles oblong-lanceolate, apiculate with the
style, half as long as the pedicels ; leaves oblong, entire, attenuate at the
base, pubescent. Schlecht. 171 herb. Willd. ex DC. syst. 2. p. 369 ; Hook.
Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 57.

Rocky places in Unalaschka. — Flowers in dried specimens yellowish. DC.
— Nearly related to the preceding. Chamisso.

Tribe VI. CAMELINEyE. DC.

Silicle dehiscent, ovate or oblong, compressed parallel to the sep-
tum, or turgid ; valves plane or convex: septum elliptical or ovate,
sometimes incomplete or none. Cotyledons plane, incumbent, con-
trary to (i. e. their margins looking towards) the septum.

25. CAMELINA. Crantz ; DC. syst. 2. p. 514.

Silicle obovate or somewhat globose ; valves ventricose, dehiscing with
a part of the style; cells many-seeded. Style filiform. Seeds oblong, not
bordered.

1. C. sativa (Crantz) : silicles obovate-pyriform ; style rather long; stig-
ma simple; leaves lanceolate, sagittate, nearly entire. — DC. prodr. l.p. 201;
Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 379. Myagrum sativum, Limi. Alyssum sativum,
Smith, lEng. bot. t. 1254. '

Fields and cultivated grounds ! May- June. Introduced. — (J) Stem li-3
feet high, paniculate at the summit. Leaves usually roughish-pubescent.
Flowers small, yellow.

Platypetalum. CRUCIFERiE. Ill

2. C. barbareaifolia (DC.) : silicles globose; stigma capitate ; leaves ob-
long, piniiatifid, obtusely auricled at the base ; stem villous below. DC. syst.
2. p. 5 IT); Dcles-s. ic. 2. t.70; Cham. ^ Schlecht. in Linncea, 1. /). 29 ;
Hook.Jl. Bnr.-Am. \. p. 65.

Bay of Eschscholtz, N. W. America, Chamisso. — 11 Habit of Nastur-
tium ampliibium.

26. BRAYA. Sternb. <^ Hoppe ; DC. syst. ; Hook, cxot.fi. 1. t. 121.

Silicle (or rather silique) oblong, terete, torulose. Style short or none.
Septum cleft in the middle. Seeds about 6 in each cell. Calyx equal at the
base, erect. — Perennial herbs, with thick long descending roots. Leaves
mostly radical, narrow. Scapes short. Flowers small, white or pale purple.

We follow Hooker in placing Uiis and the following genera in Camelineae ; but
are not satisfied that this is their proper station.

1. B. aJpina (Sternb. & Hoppe) : leaves glabrous ; scapes sparsely leafy;
racemes capitate in fruit. Hook. — DC. prodr. 1. p. 141 ; Deless. ic. 2. t. 2§;
Ilook. fi. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 65.

/?. Americana (Hook. 1. c.) : style rather long, slender.

Rocky Mountains, lat. 52°-57°. (var. B.) — Leaves'linear-spatulate, entire.

2. B. glabella (Richards.) : leaves glabrous ; scapes mostly leafy ; ra-
cemes elongated in fruit, loose. Hook. — Richards, app. Frankl. journ. p.
25; DC: prodr. 1. p. 141 ; Hook. ft. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 65.

Arctic America, i?icAarrfso?i. — V, Scape sometimes hairy. Flowers most-
ly white. Hook.

3. B.? pilosa (Hook.) : leaves pilose ; scapes leafless ; racemes elongated
in fruit. Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. l.p. 65. t. 17.

Arctic Sea at the mouth of Mackenzie River, Richardson ! — 11 Leaves
much crowded, linear-lanceolate. Scape 2-3 inches high. Silicle (imma-
ture) oval hairy; cells 8-seeded. Mature fruit not seen. — Probably a dis-
tinct genus.

27. PLATYPETALUM. R. Br. in Pam/s 1st voy. app. p. 266.

Silicle oval, compressed, many-seeded ; valves convex. Style very short.
Calyx somewhat spreading. Limb of the petals dilated. — Habit of Braya,
but differing in the fruit.

1. P. purpurascens (R. BroAvn) : stigma with 2 spreading lobes ; style
distinct; scapes naked or with a single leaf; silicles nearly glabrous. R. Br.
I. c. ; Hook. ! fi. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 66. t. 23. I3raya arctica, Hook, in Parry^s
2nd voy. app. p. 3S7.

Arctic America! from Mackenzie River to Spitzbergen. — 11 Scapes
several from one root, in flower scarcely an inch high. Leaves lanceolate,
mostly entire. Petals white, tinged with purple (i?. Br.) : lamina broader
than long, very obtuse. Silicles in long racemes, about one-third of an inch
in length ; cells about 8-seeded. Septum complete, thin: areolae transverse.
Seeds not margined.

2. P. dubium (R. Brown) : stigma undivided, nearly sessile ; silicles and
scapes pubescent. R. Br. I. c.

Melville Island. — Flowers not seen. R. Br.

112 CRUCIFERiE. Platyspermdm.

28. EUTREMA. R. Br. in Parry's Ut voy. upp. p. 267 ; Hook. fl.
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 67. t. 24.

'Silicle (or rather silique) ancipital ; valves carinate : septum (in E. Ed-
wardsii) incomplete. Seeds not margined. — Perennial herbs, with the habis.
of Braya and Platypetalum.

1. E. Edwardsii (R. Brown) : silicles lanceolate ; septum obliterated ;
leaves ovate-lanceolate, on long petioles. Hook. I. c. — R. Br. I. c. t. A.

Arctic America! — Stem 2-4 inches high (in fruit sometimes a foot high
Hook.), simple, few-leaved. Leaves entire. Petals white. Silicle 3-4 lines
long ; cells about 4-seeded : style almost none : stigma somewhat lobed.
R. Br.

2. E. arenicola (Richards.): silicles broadly linear; septum complete;
leaves spatulate-oblong. Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. .1. p. 67. i. 24.

Arctic America, in deep sand, Richardson. — Caudex divided under the
sand into many branches, each of which bears a dense tuft of leaves at the
crown. Leaves on long petioles. Scape 2-3 inches high, someAvhat leafy.
Petals white. Silicle 6-8 lines long : septum marked with an obscure
longitudinal line in the middle. — Hook.

29. APHRAGMUS. Andrzejowski, in DC.prodr. 1. p. 209.

Oreas, Cham tf- Schlecht. in Linnma, 1. ]). 29. t- 1-

Silicle lanceolate, compressed ; valves plane, marked with a median line :
septum none. Style very short : stigma capitate. Seeds many, oval, sus-
pended on elongated funiculi from the upper part of the placentse. — A small
perennial herb, with the habit of Cardamine beUidifolia. — Character from
Cham. (^ Schlecht.

We have scarce a doubt that Apliragmus, Andrz. and Oreas, Cham. <^ Schlecht.
are founded upon the same plant, and hence we venture to adopt the prior name.
The following comprises all that is recorded concerning Andrzejowski's plant :
" Silicula acuta, valvis plants nervosis, septo nulla, semina 2-seriata ycndula, cotyle-
doncs incumbcntes crassiE. — In insulis Ahutianis." Andrz. in litt. (Z?C. I. c) De
Candolle places it in Isatidcse, but asks (very properly) if it does not rather belong
to Camelineaj.

A. Eschscholtzianus (Andrz. 1. c.) — Oreas involucrata, Cham.^ Schlecht.
I. c. ; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 67.

Among loose stones on the Alpine mountains of the Island of Unalaschka.
Root [rhizoma?] filiform, branching, concealed among stones ; the branches
bearing tufts of leaves at the extremity. Scapes i an inch to 2 inches high.
Radical leaves on long petioles, spatulate, entire. Flowers (and fruit) corym-
bose, white, with large lanceolate or spatulate bracts at the base of the pedi-
cels. Silicle 4-6 lines long, li line broad, 4-10-seeded. Funiculi and seeds
persistent long after the falling of the valves. Cotyledons [ex icon.] very thick.
Cham. (§• Schlecht.

30. PLAT YSPERMUM. Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 68. 1. 18. / B.

Silicle oval, compressed ; valves plane. Stigma sessile. Seeds few, with
a broad margin. — A small annual herb. Leaves radical. Scapes 1-flowered.

Thlaspi. CRUCIFERiE. 113

P. scapigerum (Hook. 1. c.)

On rocks at the Great Falls of the Oregon, Douglas. March-April. —
Leaves runclnate-pinnatifid, attenuate at the base, glabrous. Scapes nume-
rous, 3 inches high. Petals white. Seeds about 4 in each cell, roundish.
Funiculi rather long and slender. Hook.

31. SUBULARIA. Lin«. ; DC. ; Hook. fi. Land. (n. ser.) t. 135.

Silicle oval ; valves turgid : cells many-seeded. Stigma sessile. " Cotyle-
dons linear, curved." Hook. — A small stemless aquatic plant. Leaves
linear-subulate. Scapes few-flowered : flowers white.

S. aquatica (Linn.)— />C. prodr. 1. p. 235 ; Hook. I. c. f Brit. fl.
p. 299.

Borders of ponds Maine, NuttalU—H Scape 1-2 inches high. Flowers
minute : pedicels slender. Silicle a line and a half long. — According to
Hooker, the cotyledons are not biplicate as they are described by De Can-
doUe, but are curved or folded in such a manner that their base occupies a
portion of the radiclar side of the curvature.

Tribe VIL THLASPIDEiE. DC.

Silicle dehiscent, compressed contrary to the very narrow septum ;
valves boat-shaped. Cotyledons plane, accumbent, contrary to the
septum.

32. THLASPL Dill; DC.syst.2. p. 373.

Silicle emarginate at the apex ; valves winged on the back ; cells 2- or
many-seeded. Petals equal. Calyx equal at the base. — Flowers white.

1. 71 arrense (Linn.): leaves oblong, toothed ; silicles orbicular-obovate,
shorter than the pedicels; style scarcely any. — Pursh, Jl. 2. p. 435; DC.
prodr. 1. p. lib ; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 58.

Canada; New-York to Pennsylvania, Pwrs/j ; Michigan, Nuttall. In-
troduced. June-July. — Cauline leaves somewhat sagittate ; auricles minute.
Valves of the silicle much compressed, furnished with a conspicuous wing.

2. T. alliaceum (Linn.) : leaves oblong, obtuse, somewhat toothed ; the
upper ones sagittate-clasping, with acute auricles ; silicles ovate-ventricose ;
stigma nearly sessile. — DC. prodr. 1. p. 176 ; Nutt. gen. 2. p. 65.

Cultivated fields, scarcely naturalized. — Flowers smaller than in T. ar-
vense.

3. T. montanum (Linn.) : leaves rather fleshy, entire ; radical ones ob-
ovate, petioled ; cauhne ones oblong, sagittate-clasping; petals longer than the
calyx; silicles obcordate, 4-seeded ; style filiform. DC. prodr. \. p. 176;
Hook.fl. Bor.-Am. \.p. 58.

Arctic America and Canada, ex Hook. May-July. — U .

4. T. cochleariforme (DC.) : leaves rather fleshy ; radical ones petioled,
ovate or obovate, somewhat toothed or entire ; cauline ones oblong, cordate-
clasping ; petals longer than the calyx ; silicles obovate, emarginate, 8-seeded.

15

114 CRUCIFER^. Senebiera.

—DC.syst.2.p.38l; Deless. ic.2. t. 52; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 58;
Nutt. ! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 13.

Head waters of the Oregon! April-May. — If Somewhat glaucous,
about a span high. Stem simple, or a little branching at the base. Radical
leaves abruptly narrowed into a petiole, mostly entire, or with one or two mi-
nute teeth ; the limb half an inch long. Petals obovate-oblong. Pedicels 3
times as long as the silicles, diverging horizontally. — Scarcely to be distin-
guished from T. montanum.

5. T. alpestre (Linn.) : leaves entire or obscurely toothed ; radical ones
ovate, petioled ; cauline ones oblong, clasping ; petals about as long as the
calyx ; silicles obcordate, 8-12-seeded ; style filiform. UC. prodr. 1. p. 176 ;
Hook.Jl. Bor.-Am. l.p. 58.

Canada. Introduced 1

6. T. tuberosum f Nutt.) : leaves rhomboidal-ovate, obscurely toothed, ses-
sile ; radical toes in long petioles ; stem simple, pubescent; root tuberiferous
and fibrillose. Nutt. gen. 2. p. 65 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 177.

Western Pennsylvania, Nuttall. April-May.— H: Plant 4-5 inches high.
Flowers rather large, rose-color. Silicle somewhat orbicular. Nutt.

34. HUT CHIN SI A. R. Br. in hort. Kew. 4. p. 82 ; DC. syst. 2. p. 385.

Silicle elliptical ; valves wingless ; cells 2- (rarely many-) seeded. Calyx
equal. Petals equal.

1. H. calycina (Desv.) : canescently tomentose ; leaves mostly radical,
on long petioles, deeply pinnatifid ; calyx persistent ; silicles oblong, attenuate
at each end, pointed with the style. Hook.— Desv. jour. hot. 3. p. 168 ; DC.
prodr. l.p. 178 ; Hook.Jl. Bor.-Am. l.p. 58. t. 11. f. B.

0. lower leaves allentu-e. Hook. I. c.

Rocky Mountains, lat. 52°-57^. 0. Kotzebue's Sound.— Root ligneous.
Stem 3-4 inches high. Flowers white, in dense corymbs : Umb of the petals
roundish. Ovary oblong, somewhat hirsute.

Tribe VIII. LEPIDINE.E. DC.

Silicle usually dehiscent, compressed contrary to the narrow septum
(sometimes l-celled) ; valves boat-shaped (or rarely ventricose). Co-
tyledons plane, incumbent, parallel to the septum.

35. SENEBIERA. Poir. diet. 7. p. 75 ; DC. syst. 2. p. 521.

Silicle didymous ; valves ventricose or somewhat carinate, partly indehis-
cent; cells 1-seeded. Seeds globose-triquetrous. Cotyledons linear.— Ra-
cemes opposite the leaves. Flowers white.

1. S. pinnatijida (DC): leaves pinnately divided; lobes oblong, toothed
or somewhat incised ; silicles compressed, emarginate at the apex, reticulate-
rugose. DC. prodr. l.p. 20Z.

0. incisa (DC.) : lobes of the leaves 3-4-parted. DC. I. c— S. incisa,
Willd. enum. 2. p. 268. Biscutella apetala, Walt. Car. p. 174. Cochlearia
humifusa, Michx. ! fi. 2. p. 27. Coronopus didyma, Pursh, jl. 2. p. 434;
Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 65 ; Ell sk. 2. p. 139.

Fields and along rivers, North Carolina! to Louisiana ! west to Arkansas!
Feb.-July.— ® or @ Stems prostrate. Petals minute or none.

Lepidium. CRUCIFERiE. 115

2. S. Coronopus (Poir.): leaves pinnately divided ; segments entire, tooth-
ed or pinnatifid ; silicles not emarginate at the apex, compressed ; valves ru-
gosely crested. — Poir. diet. 7. p. 76 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 203. Cochlcaria Co-
ronopus, Linn. Coronopus Ruelliij Allioni ; Pursh, fi. 2. p. 435 ; Null,
gen. 2. p. (H.

Road sides, Virginia to Carolina. June-Aug. Introduced. — (p and (2).

36. LEPIDIUM. li. Br. in hort. Keic. 4. p. 85 ; DC. sysl. 2. p. 527.

Silicle ovate or subcordate ; valves carinate or rarely ventricosc, dehiscent ;
cells 1-seeded. Seeds compressed, or somewhat 3-sided — Racemes terminal.
Flowers white. (Cotyledons accumbent in several species.)

1. L. campeatre (R. Brown) : silicles ovate, winged, emarginate, scaly-
punctate ; cauline leaves sagittate, denticulate. DC. syst. 2. p. 53o. Thlas-
pi campestre, Linn.; Eng. hot. t. 13S5.

Waste places, New-York ! Delaware! Introduced. June-July. — ® or
@ Stem and leaves minutely velvety.

2. L. Virfrinicwn {lAnn.) : silicles nearly orbicular, wingless, emarginate ;
flowers diandrous (petals 4); cauline leaves linear-lanceolate, incised ; cotyle-
dons accuuabent.— .T/ic/i.r. .' ^. 2. p. 27; DC. prodr. 1. p. 205; Hook, fi.
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 69.

Fields and road-sides, throughout the United States. June-August. — (T)
About a foot high, paniculately branched above. Flowers minute, rarely tn -
androus.

3. L. ruderale (Linn.) : silicles broadly oval or nearly orbicular, wingless,
emarginate; flowers diandrous, apetalous; leaves (radical ones scarcely) in-
cised ; those of the branches linear, entire ; cotyledons incumbent. — Eng.
bot.t. 1595; DC. prodr. 1. p. 205; Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 68, <^ in
jour. bat. p. 192.

British America! to the Pacific! Michigan, Dr. Pitcher! St. Louis,
Missouri. (Hook.) — J) Leaves less deeply divided than in the European
plant. Very near L. Virginicum ; but easdy distinguished by the apetalous
flowers and incumbent cotyledons.

4. L. Menziesii (DC): silicles orbicular, wingless, emarginate'; flowers
diandrous, apetalous (petals 4, Natt.) ; radical leaves bipinnatifid ; cauline and
branch leaves mostly pinnatifid ; the uppermost linear, entire. Hook. — DC.
syst. 2. p. 539; Hook. Ji. Bor.-Am. l.p. 68.

California, Menzies, NiUtall ; N. W. Coast? Rocky Mountains, Drum-
mond, Nuttall.—(^ ( U DC.) Radical leaves hispid or pubescent. Hook.

5. L. Californicum (Nutt. ! mss.) : "stem somewhat hirsutely pubescent,
much branched ; silicles nearly orbicular, emarginate, wingless ; flowers dian-
drous (petals 4) ; leaves nearly glabrous, laciniately pinnatifid."

Near Monterey, Upper California, ]Vuttall!—{J) Segments of the leaves
linear. Silicles very small, slightly emarginate : style ahnost wanting. Pedi-
cels twice the length of the silicles. Cotyledons incumbent.

6. L. lasiocarpvm (J^uti. I mss.): "hispidly pubescent ; silicles elliptical-
oval, conspicuously emarginate, wingles'i, somewhat pubescent, reticulated,
rather longer than the pedicels ; leaves undivided, linear-lanceolate, incisely
toothed ; flowers diandrous, apetalous."

Near St. Barbara, Upper California, Niittall! — T) Silicles one-third larger
than in L. Virginicum; the pedicels somewhat reflexed. Cotyledous iucum-
bent.

116 CRUCIFERyE. Capsella.

7. L. nitidum (Nutt. ! mss.) : " glabrous ; silicles elliptical-obovate, emar-
ginate, slightly winged, shining ; pedicels flattened, about the length of the
silicles ; leaves laciniate, the segments linear and very narrow ; flowers apet-
alous or dipetalous, diandrous." ,

With the preceding, Nutt all ! — Silicle about one-third larger than in L.
Virginicum: peduncles and pedicels a little pubescent. Cotyledons incum-
bent.

8. L. oxycarpum : silicles broadly ovate, deeply emarginate, wingless, the
valves pungently acuminate and reticulated; stems branched, diffuse; leaves
linear-fiiifbrm, sparingly pinnatifid, toothed; flowers apetalous, diandrous.

California, Douglas ! — Q) Stem 3-6 inches long, branching from the base,
minutely hairy. Leaves mostly radical, pectinately 3-5-toothed. Sepals al-
ternately subulate and broadly ovate. Ovary with the points uncinate-in-
flexed. Silicle about IJ line long, as long as the compressed pedicels : valves
carinate, glabrous, acutely and somewhat divaricately produced beyond the
septum. Style none. Cotyledons incumbent.

9. L. latipes (Hook.) : caespitose, strigosely pubescent; flowers in dense
spiked racemes ; silicles elliptical-ovate, 2-winged at the summit, reticulated ;
pedicels very broad, flat ; leaves pinnatifid, with fiiiformly linear segments. —
Hook. ic. 1. t. 41.

Monterey, California, Douglas'. — ^ Stems numerous, densely caespitose,
2-3 inches long, spreading. Racemes ovate or oblong, thick ; the flowers
much crowded. Leaves extending beyond the racemes ; segments 2-3-parted
or entire. Petals more than twice as long as the sepals, oblong, ciliate. Sili-
cles muricately hirsute, deeply bifid ; the lobes wing-lrke, straight and erect.
Stigma sessile. Cotyledons incumbent.

10. L. integrifoliiim (Nutt.! mss.): " glabrous and decumbent; silicles
elliptical-ovate, wingless, scarcely emarginate ; septum prominent ; style short
but distinct ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, acute, narrowed below ; petals about
twice the length of the broad membranaceous sepals.

" Prairies near the central chain of the Rocky Mountains, Lewis's River,
&c. June-July. — If Root rather large and deep. Stems several, decum-
bent, leafy, about a foot long, paniculately branched above. Flowers rather
conspicuous." Nuttall. — Silicles about 2 lines long, somewhat acute ; pedi-
cels 4-5 lines long, angular. Cotyledons incumbent.

11. L. montanum (Nutt.! mss.): "nearly glabrous, decumbent; silicles
elliptical, slightly emarginate, wingless ; style conspicuous ; leaves pinnati-
fid and bipinnatifid ; segments oblong ; uppermost leaves trifid or entire.

" Plains of the Rocky Mountains, on the western side, to the borders of the
Oregon. August. — li Root long, somewhat ligneous. Branches many from
one root, 8-12 inches long, spreading in a circular manner. Radical leaves
usually more or less bipinnatifid; segments short, acute. Flowers rather
conspicuous. Sepals oval-oblong. Petals nearly twice as long as the sepals."
Nuttall. — Silicles 2 lines long, indistinctly reticulated. Pedicels 3-4 lines in
length. Cotyledons incumbent.

L. tuberosum, L.prcccox and L. diffiisum, DC. sijst. being founded on species describ-
ed by Rafinesque in the Forula Ludoviciana, are excluded : see p. 86.

37. CAPSELLA. Vent. ; Lam. ill. t 557 ; DC. syst. 2. p. 383.

Silicle triangular-cuneiform ; valves boat-shaped, wingless, coriaceous ;
cells small, many-seeded. — Herbaceous, annual. Radical leaves rosulate.
Flowers small, white, in long racemes.

Thysanocarpus. CRUCIFERiT:. 117

Removed from Tlilaspidrfc on account of its incumbent cotyledons, which were
first detected by Sclikuhr. (handb. 2. L, 180.)

C. Bursa-pastoris (Moench.) — DC. syst. 2. p. 383 ; Darlingt. fl. Cent. j).
380. Thlaspi Bursa-pastoris, Linn. ; Eng. hot. t. 1485.

Fields and waste places. Introduced. May-Sept. — Radical leaves varia-
ble, sometimes entire, but usually toothed, incised or pinnatifid, narrowed
into a petiole at the base. Pedicels filiform, much longer than the silicles.

38. HYMENOLOBUS. Nutt. mss.

"Silicle ovate or elliptical, membranaceous; valves somewhat tumid,
slightly carinate, wingless; cells many-seeded. Stigma sessile. — Small
slender glabrous annuals, with divaricate stems, and more or less pinnatifidly
cleft or laciniated leaves. Flowers minute, white."

Scarcely distinct from Capsella; with which it is apparently connected through
C. elliptica, C. A. Meyer, {pi. Cauc. p. 194. Hutchinsia procumbens, Desv. Hymen-
olobus procumbens, Nutt. mss.)

1. H. divaricatus (Nutt.l mss.): "procumbent, much branched; leaves
short and pinnatifid, with several oblong lobes ; upper ones linear and often
entire ; silicle elliptical-oblong, obtuse.

" Shady grassy plains of the Oregon, near the junction of the Wahlamet.
— Stems 3-4 inches long, diffusely branched. Lower leaves with about five
segments. Flowers very minute." — Nuttall.

2. H. erectus (Nutt. mss.) : " stem erect, much branched ; leaves oblong,
somewhat pinnatifid or entire ; silicle linear-oblong.

" With the preceding, to which it is very closely allied." Nuttall.

3. Nucamentaceoe.
Tribe IX. ISATIDE^. DC.

Silicle micamcntaceous, indehiscent, (mostly) 1-celled, 1-seeded.
Cotyledons incumbent, the direction various.

39. THYSANOCARPUS. Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 69. t. 18.

Silicle obovate, or nearly orbicular, much compressed, usually surrounded
with a broad winged margin, 1-cellcd. Seed broadly obovate, pendulous
from a lateral funiculus. Cotyledons roundish, compressed, parallel with the
valves, obliquely incumbent ; the radicle approaching near the edge. — An-
nuals. Flowers small, white or pale violet, racemose. Silicles pendulous,
on filiform pedicels.

Allied to Tauscheria; but that genus has cymbiform silicles, with a narrow mar-
gin, and the apex elongated into a beak.

118 CRUCIFERyE. Thysanocabpus*.

* Sllicles winged, plano'Convex.

1. T. curvipes (Hook.) : radical leaves pinnatifid or toothed ; cauline ones
lanceolate or linear ; silicles roundish-obovate, obscurely crenate, nearly gla-
brous ; margin broadly winged, entire or perforated with small holes ; petals
shorter than the calyx. — Hook. I. c. t. 18. J. A ; Fisch. ^ Meyer, ind. sem.
St. Petersb. Dec. 1835. p. 50.

Great Falls of the Oregon, Douglas. April-May. — Stems solitary, mostly
branched, erect, 6-8 inches to a foot high, somewhat leafy. Leaves mostly
radical, spreading. Petals linear-oblong. Silicle about 2^ lines long. Hook.

2. T. elegans (Fisch. & Meyer) : petals nearly twice as long as the calyx ;
silicles orbicular-obovate, membranaceously winged ; thawing (often) per-
forated with holes, emarginate at the apex.

a. silicles glabrous ; style conspicuously exserted. — T. elegans, Fisch. ^
Meyer, I. c.

/?. silicles villous ; style slightly exserted. Hook..' ic.t. 39. T. Deppii,
Nutt. mss. T. n. sp. Fisch. ^ Mey. I. c. (without a name.)

V. silicles somewhat pubescent, wing not perforated ; style not exserted.

California, Douglas! Deppe. (ex Fisch. ^ Meyer.') — Stem 12-18 inches
high, branching, nearly glabrous. Leaves in /?. lanceolate, sagittate, repandly
toothed ; in y. linear, the upper ones almost subulate and sagittate-clasping.
Silicles 2i lines long; the winged margin p?rforated with a row of 12-14
oblong holes, or marked with thin diaphanous spots, the opaque coriaceous
substance of the centre extending between them, and thus giving the sihcle
a radiated appearance.

3. T. pmlchellus (Fisch. & Meyer) : petals longer than the calyx ; silieles
glabrous, the wing not perforated, truncated at the apex ; style much exsert-
ed. Fisch. (^ Meyer. 1. c.

California — Petals white, or someAvhat violaceous. Near T. curvipes.
Fisch. ^ Meyer.

4. T. crenatus (Nutt. ! mss. ) : " petals about as long as the calyx ; silicles
orbicular-obovate, crenate, glabrous, slightly emarginate, membranaceously
winged ; the wing perforated ; style not exserted ; leaves linear -lanceolate,
runcinately and remotely denticulate.

" St. Barbara, California, March-April. — Stem 12-14 inches high, branch-
ing above. Leaves an inch long ; the lower ones somewhat hirsute. Silicles
about half as large as in T. curvipes ; the wing more or less perforated." Nutt.

5. T. laciniatus (Nutt.! mss.): "petals as long as the calyx; silicles
elliptical, glabrous, winged; the wing entire or crenate, not perforated, en-
tire at theapex, and acuminate with the conspicuous style ; leaves linear, re-
motely and incisely toothed.

"With the preceding. — Decumbent, deep green and glabrous. Stem
about a foot long. Leaves U inch long, and scarcely a line wide ; teeth
long and subulate. Silicile about 2 lines long, acute at each end ; the wing
diaphanous." Nutt.

* * Silicles slightly doubly convex, wingless.

6. T. ohlongifolius (Nutt. ! mss.) : "petals about twice as long as the calyx ;
silicles nearly orbicular, wingless, hispid with uncinate hairs ; leaves oblong,
toothed, and (Avith the lower part of the stem) densely and stellately hirsute.

"Rocky banks of the Oregon, near the junction of the Wahlamet. —
About a foot high, much branched, sometimes partly decumbent. Radical
leaves attenuate into a short petiole at the base ; cauline sessile. Petals cu-
neiform, rather conspicuous. Silicles about U line long, rather acute at the
base, very obtuse at the summit, and without a notch: style very short, but
distinct." Nutt.

Raphanus. CRUCIFERyE. 119

7. T.pnsilln.t (Hook.) : flowers apctalous ; silides noarly orbiculnr, wing-
less, hispid with uncinate hairs ; leaves oblonof, toothed, and (with the lower
part of the stem) stellately hirsute. — Hook..' ic. t. 413.

Monterey, California, Douglas ! Banks of the Oregon, Avith the preced-
ing, NattaU. April. — Stems (iUform, branching from the base, 3-5 inches
long. Leaves about half an inch long, ovate and oblong, sparingly toothed.
Flowers very minute. Silicles scarcely a line in length, rather acute at the
base : style very short. — Nearly related to the preceding ; but much smaller
and more slender, the silicles about half the size, and the flowers apetalous.

4. LomentacecB.
Tribe X. CAKILINE^. DC*

Siliqiie or silicle separating transversely into several 1. ceiled
1-seeded joints. Seeds usually compressed, not margined. Cotyledons
plane, accumbent.

40. CAKILE. Tourn.; DC. syst. 2. p. 427.

Silicle 2-jointed ; the superior portion ovate or ensiform. Seed in the
upper cell erect ; in the lower pendulous. — Annual glabrous and fleshy (mari-
time) herbs, with pinnatifid or lobed leaves. The lower joint of the silicle
often abortive.

1. C. maritima (Scop. ) : superior joint of the silicle ensiform. D C prodr.

1. p. 185 ; Lam. ill. t. 554. Bunias Cakile, Linn.

0. superior joint of the silicle ovate-eusiform. — C.Americana, Nutt. gen.

2. p. 62; DC prodr. I.e. C. edentula. Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 59. C.
maritima, Pursh, fl. 1. p. 434; Ell. sk. 2. p. 137. Bunias edentula, Bigel.
fl. Bost. p. 251.

Sea shore, Canada and shores of the great Lakes ! & Massachusetts ! to
Georgia. July-Aug. — Much branched, procumbent. Leaves oblong-cunei-
form, sinuately toothed. Flowers corymbed, pale purple. Lower joint of the
silicle short, clavate-obovate ; the upper one with a prominent line on each
side, minutely 2-3-toothed at the base. Seeds akuost always accumbent.

Tribe XL RAPHANEiE. DC.

Silique or silicle indehiscent, transversely separating into l.(or
few.) seeded joints. Seeds globose. Cotyledons conduplicate, as in
Brassicese.

41. RAPHANUS. Linn .; DC. syst. 2. p. 662.

Silique transversely many-celled. Seeds in a single scries. — Leaves
lyrate. Flowers yellow, white, or purple. — Radish.

* C. A. Meyer (pi. Cane. p. 185.) changes the name of this tribe to Chorisporeae,
excluding Cakile, which he incorrectly says has the cotyledons (at least iu the upper
cell) always incumbent. See Torr. in ami. lye. J^Teio-Yorkyi. p. 91.

120 CAPPARIDACEiE. Cleomella.

1. R. Raphanistrum (Linn.) : silique terete (joints 1-seeded), moniliform
and 1-celled when mature, longer than the style ; leaves simply lyrate.— J9C.
prodr. 1. p. 229 ; Bigel. fl. Bost. p. 252.

Road-sides and in fields, New-England. June-July. Introduced, but
hardly naturalized.— (l) Corolla veiny, yellow, white in decaying. Silique
3-8-seeded. — Wild Radish.

Discovium Ohioense, Raf. in jour. phys. 89, (1819) p. 96, and DC. prodr. 1. p.
236, is so imperfectly described that it cannot be identified. It is probably a
Thlaspi or a Lepidium.

Order XV. CAPPARIDACE.^. Juss.

Sepals 4, deciduous or marcescent, distinct or somewhat united and
imbricated in ajstivation, or cohering in a tube with a valvate estiva-
tion. Petals 4, hypogynous, cruciate or irregular, usually unguic-
ulate and more or less unequal, sometimes wanting. Stamens 6-12
(rarely 4), or numerous, but usually some multiple of 4, inserted on
the short or sometimes elongated torus : filaments equal or unequal :
anthers innate or introrse, mostly revolute when dry. Ovary often
stipitate, composed of 2 (very rarely of several) united carpels, with
2 parietal placentae : styles united into one, often filiform, sometimes
short or almost none : stigma often discoid or subcapitate. Fruit 1-
celled, either a pod-shaped (siliqueform) 2-valved capsule, with the
valves often separating from the persistent filiform placenta (rarely
coriaceous and nearly or quite indehiscent), or baccate, very rarely
1-2-, usually many-seeded. Seeds campulitropous, reniform, with no
albumen, but the lining of the testa often thickened. Embryo curved :
cotyledons foliaceous, somewhat incumbent. — Herbs, shrubs, or rarely
small trees, with a watery acrid juice which sometimes has the pun-
gent taste of the Crucifera?. Leaves alternate, petioled, simple or
palmately compound : leaflets mostly, entire. Stipules none, or with
spines in their place.

Teiee L CLEOME^. DC.

Capsule membranaceous, dehiscent, (rarely subcoriaceous and inde-
hiscent). — Leaves mostly compound.

1. CLEOMELLA. DC. prodr. 1. p. 237.

Sepals very small, distinct, spreading. Petals 4, subspatulate, subsessile.
Torus short, oblong. Stamens 6 : filaments incurved in aestivation. Pod

Cleome. CAPPARIDACE^. 121

obovate-rhomboidal. 4-6-seeded, raised on a filiform stipi'. Embryo condu-
plicate. — A slender annual. Leaves 3-foliolate: leaflets linear. Raceme ter-
minal, leafy. Flowers yellow.

C. Mexicana (DC.)— "/r. /. Mex. rned." fide DC. I. c. ; Tarr. ! in
ann. lye. New-Yo7-k, 2. p. 157 ; Don, in Edinb. new phit.jour. {Jan. 1831) ;
Hook. ! ic. 1. /. 28.

Mexico, DeCandoJle; Texas, Drtimmondl Aikansas, Dr. James! —
Glabrous, a foot or more hii^h, branchinj; above. Leaflets narrowly linear-
lanceolate, flat, longer than the petiole. Pod somewhat compressed, silicle-
shaped. Stipe longer than the pod. Style very short. Placentae filiform,
persistent after the valves fall off, each about 3-seeded.

2. GYNANDROPSIS. DC. jyrodr. 1. p. 237.

Sepals distinct, spreading. Petals 4. Torus Unear, elongated. Stamens
fi: the lower part of the filaments adnate to the torus its whole length. Pod
linear-oblong, raised on a long stipe Avhich rises from the top of the torus. —
Annuals. Leaves digitately 3-7-foliolate. Flowers in a terminal raceme.

§ ^Estivation open. — Gymnogonia, R. Br.

1. G. pentaphylla (DC.) : minutely glandular-pubescent ; middle leaves
5-foliolate ; lower and floral leaves 3-foliolate ; leaflets obovate, entire or ob-
scurely serrulate. — DC. l. c. ; IV. ^ Am. prodr. Ind. \.p. 21. Cleome penta-
phyUa,L/m?.; Pur.9h,fi.2.p.Ul; Nutt.! gen.2.p.73; Bot.mag.t. 1681.
Cleome (Gymnogonia) pentaphylla, R. Br. app. Denh. <S- Clapp. voy. p. 17.

In cuhivated grounds, Pennsylvania (Pur.sh) to Florida. Introduced.
May-July. — Stem 2-3-feet high. Penducles slender. Calyx deciduous.
Petals white : claws long and slender. Pod 2-3 inches long. — A native of
Africa and India.

3. CLEOME. Linn, (in part) ; Gcertn. fr. t. 76.
Cleome & Peritoma, DC.

Sepals distinct, or sometimes more or less united below. Petals 4. Torus
minute or nearly hemispherical. Stamens 6, or rarely only 4, often unequal.
Pod linear or oblong, subsessile or raised on a stipe. — Annual (rarely peren-
nial) herbs, or shrubs. Leaves digitately 3-9-foliolate or simple. Flowers
soUtary, or in a terminal raceme.

§ 1. Sepals more or less united below: calyx marcescent, at length some-
times separating at the base : torus minute : pod stipitate. — Peritoma,
DC. (Atalanta, Nutt.)

The discovery of 3 additional species allied to Cleome serrulata, Pursh, renders
it obvious that this plant cannot be separated from Cleome. They might perhaps
all be referred to the section Pedicellaria of De CandoUe.

1. C. serrulata (Pursh) : leaves 3-foliolate ; leaflets lanceolate or spatulate,
minutely serrulate ; sepals united more than half their length j petals (violet-

16

122 CAPPARIDACEiE. Polanisia.

purple) distinctly unguiculate ; pods lanceolate, longer than the stipe. —
Pursh, fl. 2. p. 441. Atalanta serrulata, Nutt.! gen. 2. p. 73. Peritoma
serrulata, DC. proclr. 1. p. 237.

Banks of the Missouri and Arkansas, Nuttall! Dr. James-! Aug. — (I)
Nearly glabrous. Leaves glaucous above. Flowers in a terminal raceme.
Calyx at length separating from the base : segments short, subulate. Sta-
mens equal.

2. C. integrifolia : somewhat glaucous ; leaves 3-foliolate ; leaflets (and
bracts) lanceolate (the lowermost oblong), entire, submucronate ; sepals
united to the middle; petals (reddish-purple) with very short claws; pods
oblong-linear, compressed, much longer than the stipe. — Peritoma? integri-
folia, Nutt. in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 14.

Plains of the Platte to Oregon, Nuttall ! June-Aug. — (T) Stem 2-3 feet
high. Racemes sometimes nearly a foot long. Flowers large, showy-
Calyx persistent; segments triangular-acuminate. Stamens equal. — This
species was originally described from specimens collected by Capt. Wyeth
exhibiting the floral leaves only, which are narrowly lanceolate and very
acute at each end. Mr. Nuttall obtained complete specimens in his recent
journey.

3. C. aurea : " glabrous ; leaves 3-5-foliolate ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate,
acute at each end, entire [sepals united at the base only] ; petals oblong-
elliptical, nearly sessile (golden-yellow); stamens equal; pods linear, [short]
longer than the stipe." Nutt. ! mss. — Peritoma aurea, Nutt. in jour. acad.
Philad. 7. p. 15.

" Plains of the Platte to Lewis's River, in irrigated places. June-Aug. — (T)
Branching, 1-3 feet high. Muchlargerin all its parts than C. lutea." Nutt.

4. C. lutea (Hook.) : nearly glabrous ; leaves 5-foliolate; leaflets narrowly
lanceolate, entire ; sepals nearly distinct ; petals (yellow) oblong-obovate,
nearly sessile ; stamens unequal ; pods oblong-lanceolate, about the length of
the stipe. — Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 70. t. 25.

Rocky Mountains and Oregon, Douglas, Nuttall ! — (T) Stem 6-12 inches
high. Sepals lanceolate, persistent. " Stamens 6 of which 2 are longest,
with small oblong curved anthers, and 4 shorter with linear mucronate an-
thers." Hook. I. c. But the figure represents a flower with 4 long stamens
and 2 short ones.

4. POLANISIA. Raf. injour.phys. (1819) f». 98.

Sepals distinct, spreading. Petals 4. Stamens 8-32: filaments filiform
or dilated at the summit. Torus minute (often nectariferous). Pod linear,
sessile or nearly so. — Annual herbs with the habit of Cleome, mostly glan-
dular, with a heavy odor.

§ 1. Torus hearing a short fleshy nectary or gland next theupper sepal:
filaments filiform, ojten unequal and more or less declined, (6-8 of
them arising from between the nectary and the ovary) : petals on slen-
der claws, unequal, emarginate or entire : sepals tardily deciduous. —
Polanisia proper.

Polanisia proper, as is indicated by R. Brown (in app. to Denh. <§- Clapp.p. 15),
consists of two American species solely, viz: P. graveolens and the closely allied
P. uniglandulosa of Mexico. The close resemblance between these two species was
iirst noticed by Nuttall. (See gen. JV. ^m. pi. 2. p. 74.) A third species exists in the

CiusTATELLA. CAPPARIDACE/E. 123

herbarium of Maj. Le Conte, which approaches in the foliage and the very unequal
petals to Cristatella; a curious genus, which should perhaps be considered a section
of Polanisia, if indeed all these genera ought not to be restored to Cleome, accord-
ing to the opinion of Brown.

L P. graveolens (Raf.): viscidly pubescent and glandular; leaves 3-loli-
olate; leaflets (and bracts) oblong, shorter than the petiole; sepals (purplish)
soraewhat unequal; petals cuneate, emarginate; stamens mostly 10 or 11 ;
style shorter than the ovary ; pods broadly lanceolate, turgid, attenuate at the
base, reticulated, rough with a glandular pubescence. — Raf. I. c. ; DC.
prodr. 1. p. 242; Hook. fl. Bar. -Am. l.p. 71. Cleome dodecandra, Michx.
Ji. 2. p. 32 ; Pur-sh ! jl. 2. p. 441. C. dodecandra, var. Canadensis, Linn. ;
Cornut. Can. t. 131. C. viscosa, Sprang, syst. 2. p. 125, ex Am.

On the gravelly banks of rivers and lakes, from L. Champlain ! and On-
tario ! to Arkansas ! June-Aug.— Branching, 6-18 inches high. Raceme
many-flowered. Sepals glandular on the back. Petals yellowish-white :
claws filiform. Filaments purplish. Nectary concave, truncate, very short.
Style at length deciduous. — Odor of the plant strong and unpleasant.

2. P. tenuifolia : viscid-glandular ; leaves 3-foliolate, nearly glabrous ; leaf-
lets (and bracts) fihform-linear, longer than the petiole ; petals very unequal,
suborbicular, entire, on short claws; stamens 9-11; style longer than the
ovary ; pods linear, terete, niinutely reticulated, glabrous. — Cleome tenuiib-
lia, herb. Le Conte.

Georgia, Le Conte .'—Stem afoot high, branched, slender. Leaflets about
an inch long. Raceme few-flowered ; pedicels filiform. Sepals glabrous,
nearly equal. Filaments nearly equal. Nectary minute, cuneiform, emargi-
nate. Style persistent.

5. CRISTATELLA. Nutt. in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 85. t. 11.

Sepals somewhat united at the base, spreading. Petals 4, on filiform
claws, fimbriate-toothed or laciniate ; the two lower much smaller. Torus
minute, bearing a conspicuous tubular and truncate petaloid nectary between
the ovary and the upper sepal. Stamens 6-14 : filaments nearly equal, de-
clined. Ovary declined: style filiform. Pod linear, stipitate. — Annual
minutely viscid-glandular 3-foliolate herbs, with the habit of Polanisia
tenuifolia. Leaflets narrowly linear, longer than the petiole. Raceme
few-flowered, leafy : pedicels filiform. Flowers small, white or pale yel-
low.

1. C. erosa (Nun.) : stamens 10-14; petals white; lamina of the lower
ones lacin lately parted ; sepals acute. — Nnft. ! I. c. p. 86. t. 11.

On sandy hills near Red River, Nuttall ! and near Fort Towson, Dr.
Leavemoorth! June-July. — Rather slender, branching, 8-14 inches high.
Sepals oblong-lanceolate, shorter than the claws of the petals. Superior pe-
tals very broadly cuneiforai, sparingly lacerate-toothed : lower ones cuneiform,
cleft nearly to the base of the lamina ; segments linear, slightly dilated and
cleft or toothed at the apex. Nectary about the length of the smaller petals,
yellow, tubular, toothed at the summit (cleft on the side next the ovary, ac-
cording to Nuttall; but in the specimens from Dr. Leavenworth, the tube is
undivided). Pod narrowly linear, slightly torulose, many-seeded, ascending,
much longer than the stipe, crowned with the slender style. Seeds circinate,
minutely roughened.

124 CAPPARIDACE^. Isomesis.

2. C. Jamesil : stamens 6-9 ; petals pale yellow ; lamina of the lower
ones palmately firabriate-cleft ; sepals obtuse. — Cleome n. sp., Torr. ! in
ann. lye. New- York, 2. p. 168.

In sand, Arkansas, />?\ James ! Texas, Drummond! ("Srd Tex. coll. no.
3.) — Strict, somewhat branched, a foot or more high. Leaflets rather shorter,
and flowers considerably smaller than in C. erosa. Sepals slightly unequal,
oblong, obtuse, as long as the claws of the petals. Petals obovate-orbicular,
somewhat cuneiform at the base ; lamina of the lower ones laciniately cleft,
but not parted to the base. Nectary at first undivided, at length cleft on the
inside (?). Stipe and style shorter than in the preceding species. Mature
fruit not seen.

6. ISOMERIS. mat. mss.

" Sepals united below, someAvhat spreading, marcescent. Petals 4, oblong,
sessile, regular. Torus fleshy, subhemispherical, produced into a small dUated
appendage on the upper side. Stamens 6: filaments equal, [inflexed in
sestivation] much exserted. Capsule large, obovate-eUiptical, inflated, coria-
ceous, indehiscent, stipitate, crowned with the very short subulate style.
Seeds several, very large, smooth. — A low tree, with a long tap-root, and a
very spreading top. Leaves crowded, 3-foliolate. Flowers large, yellow, in
terminal racemes. Whole plant with the unpleasant odor of Polanisia."

/. arborea (Nutt. ! mss.)

" St. Diego, California. — Stem about the thickness of a man's arm, very
knotty : the wood hard and yellow. Young branches, petioles, &c. minutely
pubescent. Leaflets lanceolate, mucronulate, glabrous. Calyx campanu-
late : segments triangular-ovate, acuminate. Petals slightly spreading. Cap-
sule slightly compressed, an inch or more long, and | of an inch broad,
longer than the stipe, crowned with the very short style : stigma minute.
Seeds several upon each parietal placenta, as large as a small pea: cotyledons
incumbently incurved." Nutt.

This genus, with the character somewhat modified, may possibly be found to in-
clude several tree-like S. American species of Cleome, (of the section Pedicellaria),
and should perhaps be viewed as a section of Cleome.

Order XYI. RESEDACEtE. DC.

Sepals 4-6, somewhat united at the base, unequal, herbaceous, per-
sistent : aestivation open. Torus short, bearing a flat and rounded
glandular hypogynous disk, which is produced posteriorly (i. e. next the
axis) between the petals and the .stamens. Petals 4-6 (or by abortion
fewer), open in aestivation, deciduous, unequal, the posterior ones lar-
ger, the anterior ones often abortive or sometimes wanting ; claws
usually broad and thickened, nectariferous within ; the lamina often
lacerate or palmately parted. Stamens 8-20, rarely 3, inserted on
the disk : filaments erect : anthers oval, fixed by the middle, introrse.

Elumia. RESEDACEyE. 125

Ovary l-celled, 3-4 lobed, composed of 3-4 united carpels, wliich arc
distinct and diverging at the apex : stigma sessile, miniito, glandular,
alternate with the parietal placentae. Fruit a membranous l-celled
many-seeded capsule, rarely succulent, opening between the stigmas
long before maturity. Seeds campulitropous, reniform, smooth or
pitted : albumen none or scarcely any. Embryo arcuate : radicle
taper. — Herbaceous or rarely suffrutescent plants, with a watery juice.
Leaves alternate or sparse, undivided or pinnatifid, without stipules,
but often biglandular at the base. Flowers in terminal racemes or
spikes, small, often very fragrant.

With the exception of the plant brought from California by Mr. Nuttall, Reseda-
ceae are exclusively natives of the region surrounding the Mediterranean. — Reseda
luteola(the Dyer's Rocket, or Yellow-weed, used in dying woo:len stuffs yellow) is
found along road-sides in portions of the western part of the State of iSew-York, but
is hardly naturalized.

1. ELLIMIA. Nutt. mss*

" Sepals 4. Petals 2, small, membranaceous, linear-oblong, entire or emar-
ginate, posterior or next the axis. [Disk scarcely any.] Stamens 3, alter-
nate with the petals. Capsule depressed-globose, somewhat 8-lobed below,
opening by a quadrangular cleft at the summit : stigmas 4. Seeds 20 or
more, very smooth and shining. — A small glabrous annual, with crowded
slightly succulent and narrowly Unear leaves. Flowers in short and slender
spikes."

E. ruder alts (Nutt. ! mss.)

" St. Barbara, CaUfornia. — Root slender, simple. Stem branched from the
base, 5-6 inches high. Leaves resembhng those of Linaria vulgaris, but
smaller. B'lowers subtended by a bract simUar to the sepals, very small.
Sepals all inclined anteriorly. Petals white, one of them usually emarginate.
Ovary rather deeply 4-lobcd below; each lobe (or carpel) more or less
2-lobed. Seeds at first bright green, at length black, narrowly reniform."
Nutt.

Order XVII. POLYGALACEiE. Juss.

Sepals .5, distinct, usually persistent, very irregular ; three of them
exterior and smaller, of which one is superior (next the axis of inflo-
rescence) and two inferior ; the two lateral or inner ones (tvings)
larger and usually petaloid : aestivation imbricated. Petals hypogy-
nous, irregular ; deciduous, usually 3 ; of which one (the keel) is ante-
rior and larger than the rest, and the two others alternate with the

• " From iWtiiifia (defective) ; in allusion to the reduction in the parts of the flow-
-." MiUall.

126 POLYGALACE^. Polyqala.

upper and lateral or inner sepals, often connate with the keel (rarely
5, and then the 2 minute additional ones are situated between the
wings and the lower sepals) : the keel usually crested or S-lobed.
Stamens 6-8, hypogynous : filaments combined into a tube which is
split on the upper side and more or less connate with the claws of the
petals, free at the summit : anthers innate, usually l-celled,* opening by
a terminal pore. Ovary compressed, formed of 2 (anterior and poste-
rior) united carpels, 2.celled with the placenta in the axis, sometimes
l-celled by the suppression of the upper cell, very rarely l-celled with
2 parietal placentae : ovules solitary (or very rarely 2-6) in each car.
pel, pendulous : style curved and often cucullate. Fruit loculicidal or
indehiscent. Seeds anatropous, with a crustaceous testa : albumen co-
pious and fleshy, rarely almost none. Embryo as long as the albu-
men, straight or very slightly curved. — Herbaceous (all the N. American
species) or shrubby plants ; the roots very bitter and often milky.
Leaves exstipulate, entire, generally alternate or sparse, the lower
ones not unfrequently verticillate. Flowers usually racemose or
spicate : pedicels l-3.bracteate.

1. POLYGALA. Tourn.; Lam. ill. t. 598; A. St.Hil. ^ Moquin-Tan-
don, in mem. mus. 17. p. 313.

Sepals persistent ; the wings large and petaloid. Petals 3 ; their claws co-
herent with the stamineal tube ; the lowest one keel-shaped. Ovary 2-celled :
ovules solitary in each cell. Capsule 2-celled, compressed contrary to the
very narrow dissepiment, elliptical, obovate or obcordate. Seeds caruncu-
iate with copious albumen.— Racemes often spicate or capitate.

§ 1. S-pikes thick, capitate or oblong, terminating the stem and branches :
keel cristate {the crest often minute) : style mostly cucullate and di-
lated in the middle : filaments united nearly to the summit : caruncle
with a 2-lobed appendage. Annual or biennial.

1. P. sanguinea (Linn.) : spilces globose-ovate, rather loose ; wings el-
liptical-obovate, attenuate at the base, twice as long as the fruit, crest minute ;
seed dobose-obovate, hairy, with a very minute caruncle ; leaves Imear ;
stem somewhat fastigiately branched.— Mt^. .' geii. 2. p. 88; DC.prodr.
1. p. 328. P. viridescens, Poir. diet. 5. p. 502 (fide DC.) j Pursh, fi. 2.

fry 4:65.

Dry soils New Jersey (iV?i«a//) to Georgia! Kentucky! and Louisiana !
Aw^ -Sept.—® About a span high. Leaves | of an inch long, acute.
Spike an inch long, and about half an inch m diameter, obtuse. Wmgs thin
and membranaceous, bright rose-color. Capsules broadly obovate, scarcely
covered by the narrow wings. Style much dilated and cucullate in the mid-
dle with a filiform bearded process at the summit. Seed black.

* That the one-celled anthers in this family do not belong to half-stamens, but re-
sult from the union of the two cells, is evident from their structure in Polygala pau-
cifolia and others of the same section, in which the imperfect septum may be observed.

PoLYGALA. POLYGALACE^. 127

2. P. purpurea (Nutt.) : spikes ovate or oblonjr, compart ; winps broadly
ovate or obovate ; crest minute ; seed obovate, hairy ; caruncle nearly as long
as the seed; leaves linear and oblong-linear ; stem fastigiately branched. —
Nutt. gen. 2. p. 88 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 328 ; Darlinet.Ji. Vest. p'. 401 . P. san-
guinea, Michx.! fl. 2. p. 52 ; Pursh ! fi. 2. p. 465; liigcl. Ji. Host. p. 264 ;
Bai-t. fl. Amer. Sept. 2. t. 46.

Wet meadows; also in sandy fields, Massachusetts! to New Orleans!
west to Arkansas! July-September. — {T) Stem S-12 inches high, erect,
sometimes simple, but usually more or less branched above, angular and
slightly winged. Leaves an inch long and 2 lines wide. Racemes at first
akuost globose, at length oblong ; lower tiowers deciduous : bracts minute,
somewhat persistent. Wings usually dilated at the base, or somewhat cor-
date, rose-color and green, of a firm texture, generally twice as long as the
mature fruit. Style as in the preceding species. Seeds giayish-black. —
Much more common than the preceding species, from which if is easily dis-
tinguished by its broader and thicker wings, and minute caruncle, which is
scarcely one-fifth the length of the seed. This is P. sanguniea of most
North American botanists ; but whether it is the plant of Linnaeus can only
be determined by consulting his herbarium.

3. P. cruciata (Linn.) : spikes ovate, dense, sessile or on short peduncles ;
wings deltoid-cordate, acute or cuspidate ; crest minute; caruncle nearly as
long as the seed ; stem somewhat fasiigiate, winged at the angles ; leaves
verticillate in fours, linear and linear-oblong, punctate. — iMich.r. ! ji. 2. p.
52; Nutt.f gen.2.p.89; DC. prodr. 2. p. 328; Ell. sk. 2. p. 183 ; Bigelji.
Bost. p. 266 ; Hook.fl. Bor. Am. l.p. 85. P. brevifolia, Nutt. I. c j DC. I. c.
P. fastigiata, Nutt.! I. c. P. cuspidata, Hook. ^ Am. in bot.jour. l.p. 195.

Swamps, particularly where Sphagnum abounds, Massachusetts to Flo-
rida! west to Louisiana! Aug.-Sept. — (I) Stem (in open situations) low
and with spreading branches, or (in shady places) rather tall, with erect
slender branches. Leaves linear, or somewhat oblong, obtuse, marked with
obscure resinous dots. Spikes at first dense, often sessile, but sometimes pe-
dunculate. Wings much dilated at the base, greenish with a purple margin,
larger than the capsule. Lateral petals oblong. Style as in P. sanguinea.
Seed obovate-oblong, sparsely hirsute. — This species varies much in size,
branching of the stem and form of the leaves, according to its degree of ex-
posure to light and moisture.

4. P. lutea (Linn.) : spikes ovate, dense ; flowers distinctly pedicellate ;
wings ovate, abruptly acuminate ; exterior sepals minute ; crest mmute; cau-
line leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute ; radical ones obovate, attenuate at the
base ; stems mostly branched. — Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 88 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 328 ;
Ell sk. 2. p. 185. P. lutea, var. elatior, Michx. ! ji. 2. p. 54.

Sandy swamps. New Jersey ! to Alabama ! June-October. — (?) Stem
€-12 inches high, often simple, but generally throwing off a few long nearly
naked and spreading branches. Radical leaves rosulale, obtuse. Flowers
bright orange-yellow, and of nearly the same color when dry. Style elongated,
slightly dilated in the middle, from which proceeds a pedicellate gland.
Seed hairy. Lobes of the caruncle Linear, collateral, nearly as long as the seed.

5. P. 7iana (DC.) : spikes cyUndrical-ovate, dense ; flowers nearly sessile ;
wings ovate, cuspidately acuminate, twice the length of the nearly equal ex-
terior sepals ; crest conspicuous, segments filiform, exceding the lateral petals ;
leaves oblong-spatulate, somewhat petioled ; stem mostly simple, often short-
er than the leaves. — DC. prodr. l.p. 328. P. viridescens, Nutt.! gen. 2.
p. 88 ( not of Pair.) ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 186. P. lutea, var. nana, Michx. ! fl. 2.
p.5i.

Damp pine barrens, Carolina ! to Louisiana ! west to Arkansas ! — Stems
1-4 inches long. Radical leaves often ligulate, obtuse. Spikes large and

128 POLYGALACEiE. Polygala.

very thick, conspicuously squarrose with the projecting cusps of the wings.
Flowers green with a tinge of yellow. Style rather slender, somewhat
dilated and furnished with a projecting gland in the middle. Seed obovate,
hairy. Lobes of the caruncle diverging, nearly as long as the seed.

§ 2. Spikes ovate, in simple terminal or compound cymes : keel cris-
tate (the crest sometimes minute) : styles slender, 2-lobed, not cucullate :
filaments united nearly to the summit : appendage of the caruncle very
minute or none. Biennial.

5. P. corymbosa{M.\Q\vx.): cymes compound ; spikes ovate; wings ob-
long, cuspidate ; radical leaves spatulate-obovate ; cauline ones linear; stem
simple below, angular.— M?'c/( J-. .' /. 2. p. 54; Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 89; DC.
prodr. 1. p. 329. P. ramosa, Ell. sk. 2. p. 186.

Swamps, Sussex county, Delaware, Nuttall, io'Ne-w-Orlea.nsl Texas, Dr.
Leavenworth ! — Stem 8-12 inches high, simple, (except when the plant has
been injured), bearing a large terminal corymb. Radical leaves an inch long.
Spikes rather compact, half an inch in diameter. Flowers citron-yellow,
becoming blackish-green in drying. Wings 4 times as long as the capsule.
Seed oblong, with a minute roundish caruncle. — Elliott has described the
stem as branched from the base, which is never the case, except it has been
broken off, when it throws up lateral branches.

6. P. acntifolia: cyme compound; spikes ovate, rather loose; wings
oblong, rather obtuse, mucronate ; exterior sepals ovate-triangular, acute ; crest
conspicuous ; seed subglobose, glabrous, without a caruncle ; stem simple, at-
tenuated upward ; radical leaves lanceolate-linear, very acute ; cauline ones
linear-subulate.

Borders of pine-barren ponds. Middle Florida, Dr. Chapman ! May-Oct.
— Stem 2-3 feet high, simple, somewhat angled above. Radical leaves 2-3
inches long, attenuated to a sharp point ; cauline leaves gradually diminish-
ing upward to mere subulate bracts. Flowers blackish-green when dry, dis-
tinctly pedicellate. Exterior sepals unequal ; the upper one more than half as
large as the wings. Crest composed of 4-6 capitate or emarginate processes.
Style at first straight, afterwards curved above the middle : gland (stigma ?)
sessile. Capsule minute, dilated ; one of the cells usually abortive. Seed
black, slightly dotted. — Resembles P. cymosa; but that species has the
cyme simple, much smaller exterior sepals, and an inconspicuous crest.

7. P. cymosa (Walt.): cyme simple; spikes ovate; wings elliptical-ob-
long, rather obtuse, mucronulate ; superior sepal half as large as the wings,
rather obtuse ; lateral petals distinct nearly to the base; crest minute ; seed
subglobose, glabrous, without a caruncle; stem simple, terete, attenuated
upward; radical leaves linear-spatulate ; cauline ones linear-subulate, minute.
— Walt. Car. p. 179. P. graminifolia. Pair. diet. 5. p. 500 ; DC. prodr. 1.
p. 329. P. attenuata, Nutt. gen. 2. p. 90. P. corymbosa, Ell. sk. 2. p. 187.
(not of Michx.)

Ponds and swamps in pine barrens, North Carolina, Nuttall, to South Ca-
rolina ! and Florida ! June-Aug.— Stem 2-5 feet high. Radical leaves 2-5
inches long ; cauline ones gradually diminishing in size ; the uppermost mere
scales. Cyme always simple ; the peduncles short, squarrose with the per-
sistent bracts. Flowers yellow, drying blackish-green. Wings as long as
the corolla, obtuse, with a minute mucronate tip. Crest formed of 2-3 very
short subulate processes. Style curved toward the summit: the gland
nearly sessile.

8. P. Baklwinii (Nutt.) : Cyme compound ; spikes subglobose, compact ;
flowers (nearly white) on very short pedicels ; sepals all cuspidate ; the wing

PoLYGALA. POLYGALACEiE. 129

oblong-lanceolate, much longer than the corolla ; lateral petals distinct nearly
to the base ; crest rather conspicuous; seed ovate, very hairy; caruncle very
minute, 2-lobed ; stem simple, angular; radical leaves spatulate, obtuse; cau-
line ones lanceolate.— iV<;«. / gtn. 2.jj. 90; DC. prodr. l.p.329; Ell.sk.
2. p. 187.

0. chlargena : flowers green when dry.

Wet pine land, Georgia, Dr. Bald^cin! Lt Conte I— ^tem 2-3 feet high,
leafy to the summit. Leaves scarcely an inch long ; cauline ones acute.
Spikes squarrose Avith the cuspidate points of the wings. Bracts twice as
long as the pedicels. Flowers whitish even when dry ; except in 0. which, in a
dried state, are of a beautiful verdigris-green, very odorous (Le Conte.)
Wings nearly twice as long as the corolla, with along cuspidate point. Crest
consisting of' 4 narrow processes, the two exterior ones simple, the others bi-
fid. Style nearly straight: gland scarcely pedicellate. Seeds clothed with
spreading hairs.— The variety ji. has the flowers more distinctly pedicellate,
the cyme Avith longer branches, and the processes of the crest twice bifid.
It may prove to be a distinct species.

§ 3. Spikes oblong-cylindrical, compact, the fowers nearly sessile: keel
cristate : style 2-lobed, not cucullate in the middle : fdaments united
nearly to the middle : caruncle cristate, spongy.

9. P. incarnata (Linn.) : glaucous ; Avings lanceolate, much shorter than
the corolla ; claAvs of the petals united into a long slender cleft tube ; lamina
of the lateral petals oboA^ate ; stem slender, mostly simple ; leaves hnear-sub-
ulate, scattered. Avithout glandular dots.— Michx: ! f. 2. p. 52; Pursh, fl.
2. p. 464 ; Ell.'sk. 2. p. 185 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 327.

p. stem paniculately branched; leaves very minute; tube of the corolla
a little longer than the Avings. — P. paniculata, herb. Le Conte.

Dry soils, District of Columbia! to Florida! west to Arkansas! 6.
Georgia, Le Conte .'— 0 Plant 1-2 feet high, erect. Leaves 4-6 lines long
(in /?. almost AA'anting). Spike 1-li inch long. Bracts subulate. FloAvers
pale purple or rose-color. Exterior sepals unequal, ovate-lanceolate. Wings
cuspidate, usually about half as long as the tube of the corolla. Lamina of
the petals distinct; the claAvs united Avith the filaments into a slender neaily
straight lube or sheath, Avhich is cleft on the inside : crest very conspicuous.
Style long and filiform the greater part of its length, curved tOAvards the sum-
mit, bearded at the extremity : gland sessile. Seed OA^ate, hairy. Caruncle
2-lobed, spongy or vesicular ;' the lobes projecting above the seed in the form
of a crest, and attached by the middle to the short neck or stipe of the seed.

10. P. setacea (Michx.): Avings oblong, abruptly acuminate, two-thirds the
length of the petals; tube of the corolla very short; stem filifonn, simple or
sparingly branched ; leaves very minute, scale-like. — Michx. ! Ji. 2. p. 52 ;
EU. sk. 2. p. 183 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 328.

North Carolina, Michaux ! Georgia ! to Florida \—H 1 ((l) DC.) Stem
about a foot high, often Avith one or more long, slender, erect branches.
Leaves scarcely more than a line long, setaceous. Spike ^ of an inch long.
Flowers pale rose-color. Exterior sepals unequal ; the posterior ones ovate.
Petals united about half their length ; lamina of the lateral ones ovate :
crest conspicuous, composedof 6-8 filiform, sometimes emarginate, processes.
Stamens 6, distinctly diadelphous. Seed as in the preceding spscies.

§ 4. Spikes elongated or racemose : keel cristate : filaments united near-
ly to the stimmit : style dilated and cucullate in the middle: appendage,
of the caruncle 2-lobed.

17

130 POLYGALACEiE. Polygala.

11. P. verticillata (Linn.): spikes pedunculate, acute, dense; wings
roundish-obovate ; crest conspicuous; stem erect, branched; leaves verticil-
late, linear and lanceolate-linear, glandularly punctate. — Michx. ! fl. 2. p.
54; Niitt.! gen. 2. p. 89; Ell. s'k. 2. p. 182; DC. prodr. l.p.329; Hook.
Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 85.

Sandy fields and dry hill-sides, Canada! to Florida! and west to Akan-
sas ! June-Aug. — 0 Stem 6-10 inches high. Leaves mostly in whorls of 4
or 5, but sometimes scattered. Spike 15-20-flowered, an inch or more in
length, 2 lines in diameter at the base, and tapering to a pretty acute summit.
Flowers very minute, greenish-Avhite. Bracts very deciduous. Exterior
sepals unequal ; the posterior ones ovate, twice as large as the other two.
Wings a little longer than the corolla. Lateral petals nearly as large as the
wings, and somewhat spreading. Style dilated and saccate almost imme-
diately above the ovary: gland inconspicuous; the terminal appendage
subulate, with a hairy tuft at the extremity. Seed oblong, hairy. Caruncle
with 2 distant oblong lobes nearly half the length of the seed. — In this and
the following species, the exterior sepals, the ovary, and the keel of the co-
rolla are furnished with oblong or linear vesicles, which are filled with a yel-
lowish farinaceous matter.

12. P. amhigua (Nutt.) : spikes pedunculate, acute, dense ; rachis squar-
rose with the persistent bracts ; Avings roundish ; stem erect, with virgate
branches ; leaves linear, not glandular, the lower ones sometimes verticillate,
the others scattered.— A'm^. .' gen. 2. p. 89; DC. prodr. I. p. 329; Darlingt.
f. Cest. p. 402.

Woods and sandy fields, often in wet places, New Jersey ! to Virginia,
Nuttall. Ang.-Sept.— @ Plant 8-12 inches high. Flowers greenish- white,
more or less tinged with purple. — Nearly related to the preceding species in
the structure of the flowers and seeds, as well as in general appearance.

13. P. bicolor (Kunth): spikes cylindrical, densely flowered ; exterior se-
pals with 2 thick parallel nerves ; leaves pellucid-punctate ; the lower ones
ternately or quinately verticillate ; upper ones linear-lanceolate. H. B. ^ K.
nov. gen. 5. p. 394. t. 509. e.v. DC. prodr. l.p. 327 ; Hook. jour. bat. 1. p. 194.

Near New-Orleans, Drummond. If ((T) DC.) Stem U foot or more in
height. The verticillate leaves obovate-lanceolate ; the upper and ahernate
ones linear. Spike very long: flowers much larger than in P. verticillata.
Hook. — We have not seen this plant. May it not be a variety of of P. ver-
ticillata or P. amhigua ? The " thick parallel nerves" of the sepals are pro-
bably the vesicles noticed in the preceding species.

14. P. leptocmdis : spike racemose, much elongated, very slender, loose ;
wings elliptical-obovate, about as long as the corolla; exterior sepals some-
what equal, acute ; crest conspicuous ; capsule oblong ; seed oblong ; lobes
of the caruncle very minute ; stem fiiliform, nearly simple, or with a few
long erect branches ; leaves linear, very narrow.

Texas, Dnnnmond ! — (T) Stem 1-2 feet high, glabrous. Leaves about
half an inch long, almost subulate, not dotted. Spike 1-2^ inches long. The
flowers about a line long, rather remote, pale purple, longer than the slender
pedicels. Exterior sepals somewhat equal. Wings narrowed into a short
claw at the base. Crest consisting of several filiform processes, equalling the
lateral petals. Style saccate, without the terminal appendage : gland obtuse,
sessile. Seed very hairy : the lobes of the caruncle collateral.

15. P. Beyrichii: spike dense, acute; flowers on very short pedicels;
wings orbicular-obovate, concave, rather longer than the broadly obovate lateral
petals ; capsule oblong ; seed very villous with appressed hairs ; lobes of the
caruncle distant, about half as long as the seed ; stems numerous, somewhat
branched ; leaves linear or linear-spatulate, somewhat glandular.

PoLYGALA. POLYGALACEiE. 131

Texas, Drummond ! Arkansas, Beyrich! — y About a foot high, angiilar.
Leaves an inch or more in length, and a line wide, rather thick, mucronate.
Spike 1-2 inches long: flowers as large as in P. Senega, closely approximat-
ed, white. Wings concave. Processes of the crest 6, short. Keel nuuked
with 3 yellow glands below the crest. Style short, broad and saccate; ap-
pendage short : gland prominent, but sessile. Capsule spotted with small
yellow glands.

16. P. Senega (Linn.) : spike dense, rather acute ; flowers on very short
pedicels; wings orbicular-obovate, concave, rather longer than the obovate

Eetal.s ; capsule nearly orbicular ; seed somewhat hirsute with spreading
airs; lobes of the caruncle collateral, as long as the seed ; stems numerous,
simple ; leaves lanceolate, scabrous on the margin. — Willd. sp. 3. p. 894 ;
Walt. Car. p. 17S ; Bigel. ! med. hot. 2. p. 97. t. 30, <^Jl. Bost. p. 265 ; Bot.
mag. t. 1051; DC. prodr. 1. p. 330 ; Hook. ! Jl. Bar.-Am. 1. p. 85 ; Dar-
lingl. Jl. Cest. p. 403. P. Senega, a. albida, Michx. ! Jl. 2. p. 53 ; Pursh,
Jl. 2. p. 465.
13. latijolia : leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate at each end ; stem branched above.
Dry rocky woods, Saskatchawan River! to North Carolina! west to Ken-
tucky ! /!(. Kentucky, 6Vt07-;.' May-June. — U Root thick and rather ligneous.
Stems about half a foot high, somewhat inclined ; the base usually invested
with small oval scale-like leaves. Leaves 1-2 inches long, and 3-4 lines
wide (in 0. 3-4 inches lon^ and IJ inches wide), serrulatcly ciliolate. Spike
1-2 inches long, a little inclined : flowers greenish-white. Sepals all obtuse.
Crest short ; the processes iew and often partly confluent. Style short, ga-
leate and somewhat rostrate ; appendage wanting, but in its place a short
tuft of hairs. — Seneca Snake-root.

17. P. alba (Nutt.) : spike on a long peduncle; flowers nearly sessile;
wings rounded, about as long as the corolla ; stem simple ; leaves linear, re-
volute on the margin. Nictt. gen. 2. p. 87; DC. prodr. 1. p. 330.

Plains of the Missouri, common, the only species of the genus in that re-
gion.— U About 6 inches high. Leaves glabrous. Flowers white : bracts
lanceolate, deciduous. — Near P. Senega, but distinct. NuttaU. — We have
not seen this plant, but we suspect that it is a variety of P. Senega.

18. P. Boykinii (Nutt.): spike dense, acute; flowers distinctly pedicel-
late ; wings orbicular-obovate, concave, rather longer than the obovate pe-
tals ; capsule broadly obovate ; seed very hirsute with appressed hairs ; lobes
of the caruncle collateral, two-thirds the length of the seed ; stems numerous
branching above ; leaves verticillate in fours and fives, obovate-oblong and
lanceolate. — Nutt.! in jour. acad. Philad. l.p. 86.

Milledgeville, Georgia, Dr. Boykin! Near the Apalachicola River, Flo-
rida, Croom! June-Sept. — Root like that of P. Senega. Stems 1-2 feet
high. Leaves about an inch long ; the lower ones nearly obovate ; upper ones
gradually narrower. Spikes 2 inches long, tapering to a narrow point.
Flowers resembling those of P. Senega: crest minute. Style short; appen-
dage subulate : gland somewhat pedicellate. — This species greatly resembles
P. distans, St. Hil. ft. Bras. 2. p. 24. t. 84.

19. P. Chapmanii : spike oblong, acute, loose; wings obovate, with a short
claw ; exterior sepals unequal ; the posterior one broadly ovate, obtuse ;
lateral petals obovate, distinct from the keel ; crest almost none ; seed obo-
vate, clothed with spreading hairs ; lobes of the caruncle minute, diverging;
stems filiform, somewhat branching ; leaves linear-subulate, numerous.

West Florida, Dr. Chapman ! — 0 Glabrous. Stems about a foot high,
branching from the ba5e or only near the summit. Leaves 6-S lines Ions,
scarcely half a line wide. Spike 1-li inch long. Bracts minute, persistent.
Flowers bright rose-color, nearly as large as in P. sanguinea. Wings rather
longer than the corolla. Lateral petals united with the keel only at the base :

132 POLYGALACE^. Poltgala.

crest consisting of several very minute processes. Style slender, a little di-
lated in the middle; appendage conspicuously bearded: gland sessile. Seed
black ; the lobes of the caruncle scarcely one-tifth the length of the seed.

20. P. poly ga ma (Walt.) : terminal racemes spiciform, loose, the flowers-
at length pendulous ; wings broadly obovate, spreading, longer than the co-
rolla; crest conspicuous; radical racemes with wingless flowers; capsule
oblong, emarginate ; lobes of the caruncle more than half as long as the very
hairy seed; stems numerous, assurgent ; leaves oblong and oblong-hnear. —

Walt. Car. p. 179; Nutt. gen. 2. p. 75; Ell. sk. 2. p. 181 ; DC.prodr. 1.
p. 330 ; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 86. t. 29. P. rubella, IVilld. sp. 3. p. 875 ;
Bigel. ft. Bost. p. 264, ^ med. bot. t. 54 ; DC. I. r.

Dry sandy fields and woods, Canada! to Florida! and Louisiana! June-
July — (g) Stems 5-10 inches high. Leaves an inch long, mucronate. Ter-
minal racemes 6-15-flowered : pedicels slender : flowers larger than in P.
purpurea, deep rose-color or purplish. Wings with short claws. Processes
of the crest laciniate. Style short, cucuUate: gland exseited : appendage
strongly bearded. Radical racemes leafless, prostrate, often subterranean.

§ 5. Bac ernes loose: keel not cristate: upper half of the Jilaments un-
connected: style slender^ without lobes: caruncle helmet-shaped, with^
out appendages.

21. P. grandiflora (Walt.): pubescent; raceme elongated, the flowers
distant; pedicels recurved after floAvering; wings roundish (large) covering
the corolla and fruit; keel large, cucuUate, connected with the lateral petals
and filaments only at the base ; stem ascending ; leaves ovate-lanceolate,
ciliolate. — Walt. Car. p. 179. P. pubescens, Miihl. cat. p. 66 ; Nutt. gen.
2. p. 87 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 180 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 330. P. Senega, var. rosea,
Mich.v. ! fl. 2. p. 53 ; Piir.sh, ft. 2. p. 465. P. Senega, A. St. Hil. ^ Moq.-
Tand. in mem. mus. 17. t. 21. f. 17, ^ t. 28. /. 10.

Dry soils. South Carolina! to Florida and Louisiana! May-Aug. — 11
Root thick, tortuous. Stem about a foot high, simple or virgately branched.
Leaves 1-li inch long, 3-4 lines broad, tapering at each end. Raceme 12-
18-flowered ; the lowest flowers usually remote : pedicels 2-4 lines long.
The 2 inferior sepals united except at the summit. Wings one-fourth of an
inch in diameter, at first deep rose-color, afterwards green. Lateral petals
much shorter than the keel, dilated above, waved, bright rose-color : keel with
a mere callosity at the apex instead of a crest. Filaments monad elphous;
straight and unconnected above. Style a little dilated and tubular in the
middle ; the upper part curved, bearded on the under side below the glandu-
lar summit. Capsule oblong-obovate, emarginate, glabrous. Seed silky -vil-
lous. Caruncle about one-fifth as long as the seed, laterally compressed. —
This most remarkable of all the N. American Polygala?, and the only one
destitute of a crest, resembles P. brizoides, St. Hil. Michaux strangely
considered it a variety of P. Senega ; and St. Hilaire & Moquin-Tandon
have fallen into the same mistake, having figured the flowers and seed of
this species from Michaux's specimeii.

§ 6. Flowers few, large, terminal; posterior sepal concave-cucuUate,
with a gland at the base on the inside: keel cristate or callous at the
apex. (Cham^buxus, Dill.)

22. P. paucifolia (Willd.): rhizoma creeping and branching, throwing up
simple erect branches, leafy at the summit ; leaves ovate, petioled; terminal
flowers 2-3 ; crest fimbriate ; radical flowers wingless. — Willd. sp. 3. p. 880 ;

PoLTQALA. POLYGALACE.E. 133

Bart. fl. Amer.-Sept. 2. t. 5(5./ 1 ; DC. prodr. ]. p. 331 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 180;
Hook. ! bot. mag. t. 2852. f Jl. IJor.-Am. 1. p. 86. P. purpurea, Ail. hew.
4. p. 244. (not of Nutt.) P. unillora, Mich.i:.' fl. 2. p. 53. Tridisperina
grandiHora, Jiaf. speech. 1. p. 7.

/?. a//>a (Eights): flower solitary, smaller, white; stem somewhat leafy at
the base. Jieck, bot. p. 46.

Sphagnous swamps, often in mountainous situations, Saskatrhawan Ri-
ver! to'Oeorgia. 0. Sand plains near Albany, JJr. J. Eiirfit.'i. May.— 1(
Stalks 3-4 inches high, the lower part scaly.' Leaves 4-5, about an inch
long and half an inch or more wide. Flowers nearly i' of an inch long-,
deep rose-color ; the pedicels 5-6 lines in length. Wings obovate, attenuate
at the base, as long as the corolla. Lateral petals obi. ng, concave, united to
the keel the greater part of their length : crest conspicuous, compound. An-
thers bilabiare, imperfectly 2-celled. Style long, a little curved, slightly en-
larging upward ; the orifice irregularly 4-toothed, without hairs. — In the struc-
ture of the flowers this species strongfy resembles P. Chamaebuxusof Europe.

J Species of ichich the flowers and fruit are not sufficiently described.

23. P. Nutkana (Moe. ic. ined.) : racemes loose, 4-5-flowered ; wings or-
bicular; capsule emarginate ; stem somewhat shrubby at the base; leaves
oval, petioled, acuminate at each end. DC. prodr. 1. p. 330.

Nootka, North-west America. DC. — There is not improbably some mis-
take about the habitat of this plant, as no species of the genus has been
found by other observers on the Pacific coast of N. America.

24. P. attenuata (Hook.): racemes loose, attenuated at the apex ; pedicels
as long as the flowers ; wings ovate, acute, concave, scarcely longer than
the bearded keel; stem slender, elongated, angular, branched ; leaves linear,
opposite, rarely quaternate; upper ones alternate. Jlook. in jour. bot. 1. p.
.195. (not of Xutt.)

Jacksonville, Louisiana, Drvmmond. — (Tj Stems very slender, erect, about
a foot and a half high. Flowers greenish. — Habit of P. ambigua and P.
ganguinea, but very diH"erent in size, and in the flowers and racemes. Hook.
— We are unacquainted with this plant. The two species which it is said
.by Hooker to resemble are very unlike each other.

Suborder KRAMERIE/E. Mart.

Sepals 5, or rarely 4, more or less irregular, much spreading, colored,
deciduous, in aestivation imbricated in a triple series; the two outer
ones anterior and posterior ; the two intermediate ones lateral and
alternate with the exterior pair ; and tiie innermost usually smaller,
situated either to the right or left of the posterior exterior sepal, some-
timcK wanting. Petals 5, or rarely 4, hypogynous, smaller than the
sepals ; the three superior with long and slender claws (the lamina
sometin>es abortive), severally alternating with the two (outer and
inner) posterior and the lateral sepals ; the claws sometimes united
into a slender column, which alternates with the two posterior sepals
when both are present, or is placed opposite to the exterior sepal when
the other is abortive ; the two lower petals (scales, abortive stamens ?
Kunth) opposite the lateral sepals (in K. cistoidea, ex Hook. 4' Arn. and
in K. lanceolata !), or alternating with these and the anterior sepal
(ex A. St. Hil.), sessile, fleshy, much smaller than the others and remote
from them. Stamens 4, hypogynous, naore or less unequal, declined ;

134 KRAMERIEiE. Kkameria;

two usually lonjrer, alternate with the lateral unguiculate and the
lower or fleshy petals ; and two close together, alternate with the supe-
rior and the lateral petals : filaments thick, distinct, or the interme-
diate ones united, or (in K. lanceolata) all more or less united : an-
thers innate, fleshy, somewhat conical, 2-celled, opening at the apex
by a single or douhle pore. Ovary 1- (or incompletely 2-) celled,
densely hairy, gibbous : style subulate, ascending : stigma minute :
placenta posterior or next the upper petal : ovules 2, pendulous from
near the summit of the cell. Fruit between woody and leathery, glo-
bose, glochidate, indehiscent, 1-celled, 1-2-seeded. Seed roundish,
ovate, anatropous, with a membranous testa : albumen none. Em-
bryo straight : cotyledons roundish, plano-convex, fleshy. — Spreading
or procumbent under-shrubs, much branched from the base, silky or
hirsute with simple hairs : the root astringent and very bitter. Leaves
alternate, exstipulate, simple or rarely 3-foliolate, entire. Peduncles
terminal and axillary toward the summit of the branches, sometimes
more properl}^ racemed, 1-flowered, 2-bracteolate in the middle.

Hooker and Arnott {hot. Beeckey^s voij. p. 9. t. 5. 1831), in their elaborate account
of the structure and affinities of Krameria, have corrected an important error in the
character given by St. Hilaire {riiem. mus. 17. t. 31, and 19, p. 336 ; 4- in ji. Bras,
merid.; copied also in Lindl. nat. syst. ed. 2. 1836.), wiio describes the three ungui-
culate petals, and consequently the sepal accompanying the smaller internal one, as
inferior or anterior; the structure according to this view being nearly the same as in
Polygalaceas. Hooker and Arnott remark that they are borne out in tlieir view of
the position of the parts of the tlower (which supposes an inversion of the com-
mon arrangement in Polygalacea; to take place), by Ruiz and Pavon, Jussieu, and
Kunth; and their view is fully sustained by the structure of K. lanceolata, although,
on account of the twisting of the peduncles, the petals often appear, at first sight,"to
be anterior. St. Hilaire is equally mistaken in considering the side of the ovary
which is turned away from the ' lower' (that is, according to his view, the ungui-
culale) petals as placentiferous: but the affinities suggested by Hooker and Arnott
are not borne out by the correction, unless the ovary is proved to be monocarpellary,
which is probably not the case. The innermost sepal may either be situated on the
left of the exterior upper sepal (as in K. grandiflora figured by St. Hilaire ; the
flower being brought into its true position), or more commonly on the right : in
K. lanceolata we find this sepal sometimes dextral and sometimes sinistral.

2. KRAMERIA. Lceji. ; Rxiiz f Pav. prodr. fl. Per. ^ Chil. t. 3 ; .4. St.
Hil. I. c. 19. p. 336 ; Hook. ^ Am. hot. Beechey's voy. p. 8.

Character same as of the Suborder.

1. K. lanceolata (Torr.): branches mostly procumbent, many-flowered;
lower cauline leaves oblong-lanceolate or obovate-lanceolate ; the others nar-
rowly linear ; peduncles hibracteate above the middle, longer than the leaves ;
sepals 5, nearly equal ; unguiculate petals 3, the claws united their whole
length; stamens 4; filaments monadelphous. — Torr.! in ann. lye. New-
York, 2. p. 168.
.In sandy soil on the upper part of the Arkansas or the Canadian, Dr.
James! Prairies west of Fort ^Towson, Dr. Leavemcorth ! Texas,
Drummo7ul ! Tampa Bay, E. Florida, in pine woods, Dr. Bin-rows !
and Dr. Leavenworth! May. — Canescently hirsute. Stems numerous;
branches slender, often a foot or more long. • Lower cauhne leaves about f
of an inch long, and 2 lines broad, sometimes obtuse ; those of the branches
usually longer. Peduncles on the prostrate branches secund, often twice the
length of the leaves, forming as it were loose leafy racemes. Sepals purple

NoisETTiA. VIOLACE^. 135

within, ovate-lanceolatP ; the inner superior one mostly seated on the left.
Upper petals a little shorter than the sepals; the claws united into a linear-
fihtbrm column; laininai small, roundish-obovate, distinct, equal, of a rather
firm texture : lower petals scarcely longer than the ovary, glabrous. Sta-
mens shorter than the upper petals : filaments sometimes monadelphous at
the base, sometimes united almost to the summit: anthers attenuate above,
the apex produced into a short somewhat dilated membranaceous tube.
Ovary densely hirsute and spinulose, imperfectly 2-celled in the youngest
state by the projection of the placental ridge. Style rigid, quadrangular, a
little declined. Immature pericarp 2-seeded ; one of the seeds perhaps at
length abortive. — Apparently more nearly allied to K. linearis, Poir. (K.
pentapetala, Ruiz ^ Par.), which has (according to the figure in the Flora
Peruviana) the three upper petals united throughout ; the compound lamina
being merely 3-toothed. In a single flower of our species we observed the
suppression of one of the upper petals, and in another case two of them
were apparently wanting.

Order XVIII. VIOLACE^. DC.

Sepals 5, persistent, distinct or slightly united, and often auricled
or produced at the base, imbricated in aestivation, the anterior and
two posterior being exterior, and the two lateral ones interior. Pe-
tals 5, alternate with the sepals, hypogynous, marcescent or deciduous,
on short claws, commonly unequal, the superior one (which by the
resupination of the flower becomes inferior) usually spurred or sac
cate at the base : aestivation obliquely convolute. Stamens 5, alter-
nate with the petals, inserted on the hypogynous disk or torus : an-
thers adnate, introrse, 2-celled, opening longitudinally : filaments di-
lated, elongated beyond the anthers ; two of them generally furnished
with a spur-like appendage or gland at the base. Ovary composed of
3 united carpels, 1-celled, with 3 parietal placentae opposite the outer
sepals : style usually declined, with an oblique cucullate stigma.
Capsule l-celled, 3-valved, loculicidal, bearing the many- (rarely few-)
seeded placentae on the middle of the valves. Seeds anatropous,
usually with a distinctly marked chalaza, and a crustaceous testa.
Embryo straight in the axis of fleshy albumen. — Herbs or shrubs.
Leaves simple, petioled, alternate or rarely opposite, with an involute
vernation : stipules persistent or marcescent. Flowers axillary.

1. NOISETTIA. H. B. ^ K. nov. gen. 5. p. 382; DC. prodr. l.p. 290.

Sepals unequal, decurrent on the pedicel at the base ; the 2 inferior ones
often inequilateral. Petals very unequal, persistent; the superior (or appa-
rently inferior) one large, somewhat unguiculate, with a long spur at the base.
Stamens distinct: fiilaments short: anthers sagittate, the 2 anterior ones with
a long subulate process at the base. Ovary Avith numerous ovules. Capsule

136 VIOLACEiE. Viola.

ovate : placentae linear. — Erect shrubs, Avith alternate leaves. Stipules in
pairs. Flowers in axillary many-flowered racemes, or in crowded fascicles :
pedicels with 2 bracteoles near the middle.

1. N. acuminata (DC): leaves lanceolate, on short petioles, eiliate, tooth-
ed, the apex produced into a long entire point ; pedicels solitary, rather short-
er than the leaves. DC. prodr. 1. p. 290.

North America, Michaux, ex DC. — This plant is inserted on the authority
of De CandoUe, who states that he saw it in the herbarium of the Museum
of Paris, imder the name of Violseoides, Miclur. mss. He asks whether it is
not a variety of N. orchidiflora. It has doubtless been recorded as a native
of N. America by mistake.

2. VIOLA. Linn.; Gcertn.fr. t. 112 ; Gingins, in DC. prodr. 1. p. 23T.

Sepals unequal, more or less auricled at the base. Petals unequal ; the su-
perior (by resupination inferior) one spurred at the base. Stamens approxi-
mated, filaments distinct, dilated at the base ; the two lower ones with ap-
pendages on the back which are concealed in the spur : anthers connate ; the
lobes diverging at the base. Ovary sometimes surrounded at the base by the
concave torus, and then apparently half inferior. Capsule bursting elastically..
Seeds horizontal, Avith an evident caruncle. — Low herbaceous plants, mostly
perennial, with a short subterraneous stem or rhizoma (and then called acaur
lescent or stemless), or caulescent. Leaves alternate. Peduncles angular,
solitary, 1-flowered, Avith two little bracteoles, recurved at the summit, so
that the flower is resupinate or nodding.

§ 1. Stigma rostrate; the beak more or less recurved, with a foramen at
the extremity, margined or convex on the back: style attenuated from
the summit to the base : stamens oblong : torus fattish : capsule often
2-sided: seeds mwieroiis (15-30). Gingins.

* ^caulescent.

1. V. pedaia (Linn.): nearly glabrous ; leaves pedately about 7-parted j
segments linear-lanceolate, entire, or incisely 3-toothed at the summit ; stig-
ma large and thick, margined, obliquely truncate ; beak very short ; petals all
glabrous. — Michx: ! fl. 2. p. 151 ; Schwein. ! man. Viol, in Sill. jour. 5.
p. 50; Torr.! fl. 1. p. 249; DC. prodr. 1. ^.291; Le Conte ! mon. Viol,
in ann. lye. New-York, 2. p. 147. Hook. ft. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 74. V. digitata,
Pursh, fl. 1. p. 171; V. flabellifolia, Lod'd. bot. cab. t. 111.

Dry sandy Avoods and on rocky hills, British America, lat. 53^, to Florida !
and west to Illinoi*— Rhizoma thick. Leaves of a firm texture ; the seg-
ments sometimes very narroAv and laciniate. Stipules ciliate. Flowers
very large, usually bright blue, sometimes pale or even white.

2. V. delphinifolia (l^uU. I mss.): "minutely pubescent ; leaves pedately
7-9-parted ; segments linear, 2-3-cleft ; stigma thick, distinctly rostrate ; the
2 superior petals pubescent ; the 3 inferior emarginate ; spur saccate, short.

" Prairies of Missouri, near Independence, not uncommon. March. —
Rhizoma thick. Leaves pubescent on the margin and nerves; often finely
divided, Avith numerous lobes. Stipules ovate-lanceolate, much acuminated,
neaily entire. Peduncles, at the time of floAA^ering, a little longer than the

Viola. VIOLACEiE. 137

leaves; the bracts minute and alternate. Sepals linear-lanceolate. Flowers
a little smaller than in the preceding species, brilliant blue. Cusps of the
anthers remarkably broad. Style short, clavate.— This species, on the Mis-
souri, appears to take the place of V. pedata." Nutt.

3. V. palinata (Linn.) : pubescent ; leaves cordate, palmately or hastately
lobed (rarely entire) ; lobes crenate and toothed, the middle one much lar-
ger ; stigma triangular, the beak short; inferior petals bearded.— ^/it/i.?-. .'
Jl.2. p. 161; Ell. .sA-. 1. ;;. 300; Schwfin. f I.e.; Torr.! fi. 1. p. 249;
DC. prodr. 1. p. 292; Le Conte ! I c. ; Hook. ft. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 74. V. hct-
erophylla, Lc Conte! I. c. V. ranunculifolia, Juss. in JRcfin. f Schull. syst.
5. p. 352 1

Low grounds, Canada ! to New Orleans T west to Arkansas! May. —
Rhizoma thick. Leaves variable in form and degree of pubescence ; rarely
alnw^t glabrous, sometimes woolly ; the early ones nearly or quite entire,
and somewhat ovate and reniform; the base usually more or less hastate;
under surface often purplish. Flowers middle-sized, bright blue, rarely
white.

4. V. cucullata (Ait.): glabrous or rarely somewhat pubescent; leaves
reniform-cordate, somewhat acute, cucuUate at the base, crenately sern'tp ;
stigma triangular, margined; lower petals bearded. — Ait. Kew. 3'. p. 288 ;
PursK ft. 1. p- 172; Bis^el. ! ft. Bost. p. 60 ; Ell sk. 1. p. 298; Schwein. !
I. c. ; Torr.! f. 1. p. 251 ; Le Conte ! mon. I c. ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 292;
Hook. Ji. Bor.-Am. 1. p. lb. V. papilionacea, Pursh, fl. 1. p. 173; DC.
prodr. I. c. V. obliqua, Ait. I. c. ; Schwein.! I. c.j Torr. ! I. c. V. affinis,
Le Conte ! I. c.

0. congener : villous ; leaves broadly and somewhat reniformly cordate,
crenately toothed, somewhat lobed. — V. congener, Le Conte! I. c.

y.l sororia : nearly glabrous ; leaves exactly cordate; flowers small. — V.
sororia, Willd. horf. Berol. t. 72.

i. alba: smoothish ; flowers white.

e. reniforinis : glabrous ; leaves broadly reniform.

Fields, woods, and wet meadows; Arctic America ! to Florida! /S.Geor-
gia, Le Conte ! j . Dry hill-sides, Massachusetts to New Jersey ! S. Ken-
tucky, Short ! f. Massachusetts, Pickering f April-May. — A very vari-
able species. In wet or shady places it is perfectly glabrous, but in expos-
ed situations more or less pubescent.

5. F. septemloba (Le Conte) : glabrous and shining ; leaves somewhat
succulent, ovate-cordate ; lowest ones entire, the others pedately 7-lobed
with the middle lobe largest : lateral petals bearded. Jje Conte .' I. c.

Pine Avoods of the low country of Carolina and Georgia, Le Conte ! — Pe-
duncles longer than the leaves. Flowers generally blue, varying to white.
Lower petal large, villous at the base, and, as well as the lateral ones, mark-
ed with deeper blue lines. Le C. — We fear that this species is only a variety
of V. palmata.

6. V. Selkirkii (Go\die): leaves cordate, crenately serrate, minutelv hir-
sute above, glabrous beneath, the sinus deep and nearly closed ; stigma tri-
angular, margined, with a distinct beak ; spur nearly as long as the lamina,
thick, very obtuse. — G oldie ! in Edinb. phil. jour. 6. p. 319; Hook. ! jl.
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 75.

Hills about Montreal, Lower Canada, Goldie, Dr. Holmes ! Mountains
of Massachusetts, Dewey ! Woody hill-sides in the Western part of the
State of New-York! — Rhizoma somewhat creeping. Leaves numerous,
forming a little tuft, on long petioles ; lamina an inch broad, somewhat
acute, or obtuse. Peduncles shorter than the leaves. Flowers much small-
er than in V. cucullata : petals pale blue, obovate ; spur very conspicuous,
soBoewhat dilated at the extremity. — A very distinct species.

18

138 VIOLACEiE. Viola.

7. V. sagittata (Ait.) : glabrous or a little pubescent ; leaves oblong,
acute, cordate-sagiitate and incised at the base ; stigma depressed, margined ;
inferior petal glabrous, the rest bearded.— .4t7. Kew. 3. p. 287 ; Fursh, fi. 1.
p. 172; Null. gen. 1. ]>. 147; Schwdn.'. I.e.; Torr. ! ji. 1. p. 250; Ell.
sk. 1. p. 299 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 294 ; Le Conte ! I. c.

/?. ovata : villous ; leaves ovate, somewhat cordate, crenate, often lacer-
ately toothed at the base ; petiole margined.— V. ovata, Nutt. ! gen. 1. p.
148 ; Schxcein.! I. c. ; Torr. I I. c; DC. prodr. 1. p. 293 ; Hook. f. Bor.-
Am. 1. p. 76. V. primulifolia, Pursh, fi. 1. p. 172 (not oi Linn.). V. Al-
leghaniensis, Roem. <S; Schult. syst. 5. p. 560; DC. I. c.

y. emarginata (Nutt.): glabrous ; leaves almost triangular, lacerately
toothed near the base ; petals emarginate. or bidentate. Nutt. h c. ; Schicein. !
I. c. V. emarginata. Le Conte! I. c. V. dentata, Pursh, fi. 1. p. 172?

Hill-sides and fields, Canada ! to Florida ! west to Arkansas ! /?. New
Jersey. April-May. — Rhizoma short and thick. Leaves usually a little
pubescent on the upper surface, crenately toothed, often somewhat hastate
at the base: petioles about as long as the lamina. Peduncles commonly long-
er than the leaves. Flowers middle-sized, bright blue. Spur short and
very obtuse.

8. V. villosa (Walt.): pubescent; leaves plane (appressedto the ground),
ovate or ovate-cordate, obtuse, crenately-toothed, sinus nearly closed ; petals
mostly villous, the lateral ones bearded.— Wa/f. Car. p. 219; Ell.sk. I. p.
297; 'Schwein. I. c. ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 295; Le Conte ! I. c.

Sandy pine and oak woods, in the southern States ! March-April—
Leaves very pubescent but not villous, rather thick, becoming nearly glabrous
late in the season, variegated with purple veins, often entirely purple under-
neath. Flowers small, pale blue. Le Conte.— This species appears to be
confined to the Southern States. We have not had an opportunity of ex-
amining the stigma.

9. V. rotundi folia (Michx.) : leaves orbicular-ovate, cordate, somewhat
crenate, nearly glabrous, the sinus closed ; petiole pubescent (flowers yellow) ;
stigma recurved at the apex, margined ; lateral petals bearded ; sepals ob-
tuse; spur almost none.— Mic/i.r. 7 fi. 2. p. 150; Nutt.! gen. 1. p. 149;
Schwein.! I. c ; Torr.! fl.l.p.252; BigeL! fl. Bost. p. 97 ; DC. ])rodr.
l.p. 295 (excl. syn. Pursh); Le Conte! I. c. ; Hook.! fi. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 77.

P.pallens (herb. Banks): smooth ; sepals acuminate. DC. I. c.

Shady rocky woods and hill-sides. New England! Western part of the
States of New-York ! and Pennsylvania! to the high mountains of Carohna,
MichaiLv! 0. Labrador, Banks. May.— Rhizoma rather thick, throwing out
long stolons from the neck late in the season. Leaves spreading and appressed
to the ground, at the flowering time about an inch in length, but later in
the season 3-4 inches long and nearly three inches in diameter; the veins of
the under surface slightly pubescent. Flowers small, pale yellow: petals
broadly ovate, sometimes emarginate, the lateral ones with 3 brown striae ;
upper one small.— This may be the V. obUqua of Alton, which is described
as having straw-colored flowers ("petala straminea").

10. V. blanda ( Willd.) : leaves broadly cordate, slightly pubescent above,
the sinus rounded ; petiole glabrous ; stigma capitate, depressed, margined,
with a recurved beak; petals beardless (white) ; rhizoma creeping.— JrtV/rf.
hart. Berol. t. 24 ; Nutt. ! gen. 1. p. 149; Schwein. ! I. c. ; Torr. ! fi. 1. p.
254; DC. prodr. 1. p. 295; Le Conte! I. c. V. clandestina, Pursh! fi. 1.
p. 173 (excl. syn. Michx.) V. obliqua, Pursh, I. c. V. amoena, Le Conte !

I. c.

Wet meadows, Canada ! to Pennsylvania ! April-May— Leaves nearly
flat membranaceous, often reniform-cordate, sometimes rather acute when
young, but at length rounded at the summit. Flowers small, odorous : pe-

Viola. VIOLACE^. 139

tals obtuse ; the inferior and lateral ones strongly veined with puryile. — V.
clandestina, Pursh, of which we have seen specimens in Lambert's licrba-
rium,is only the apetalous state of this species, which like most other violets
with subterraneous stems, puts forth, late in the season, stolons, which
bear one or more apetalous flowers.

11. V. primuhp folia (Linn.): leaves oblong, somewhat cordate, the lamina
abruptly decurrent on the petiole, the under surface and the peduncles a lit-
tle pubescent; stigma capitate, margined (flowers white); lateral petals
bearded; rhizoma creeping. — Null.! gen. 1. p. 149 ; Schwein. I. c; Ell. sk.
1. p. 297 (excl. syn. Pursh) ; Torr. ! fi. 1. j). 253 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 293 ; Le
Conte ! I. c.

0. acuta: leaves ovate, glabrous; petals acute, lateral ones nearly gla-
brous.—V. acuta, Bigel. ! fl. Bost. p. 9.5 ; Torr. ! jl. I. c.

Wet meadows, Massachusetts ! to Florida !~west to Kentucky, Short.
/5. Moist grounds, near Boston, Bigelow ! April- June. — Plant usually 2-3
inches high. Leaves 1-2 inches long, shorter than the peduncles, mostly
somewhat cordate at the base, but sometimes merely truncate: petiole
shorter than the lamina. Flowers odorous : spur short, very obtuse.

12. V. lanceolata (Linn.) : glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, attenuate at the
base into a long petiole, rather obtuse, obscurely crenately serrate ; stigma
with a short recurved beak, somewhat quadrangular and margined ; petals
(white) beardless.— McA.r. .' fi. 2. p. 150; Null. ! gen. \.p. 150 ; Schwein.!
I. c. ; Torr.! fl.\. p. 253; DC. prodr. 1. p. 293; Le Conte ! I. c. ; Hook.!
Jl. Bor.-Am. l.;j. 76.

Wet meadows and swamps, Canada ! to Florida ! west to Texas !
Drummond! April-May.— Rhizoma creeping; often bearing very long
creeping stolons with an apetalous flower on a short peduncle at each joint.
It sometimes produces perfect flowers late in the season.

1.3. V.palustris {Iauxv.): leaver reniform-cordate ; stipules broadly ovate,
acuminate; stigma margined; sepals ovate, obtuse; capsule oblong, trian-
gular ; seeds ovate, dark green. — DC. prodr. 1. p. 294.

[i. Pennsyh-anica (DC): flowers purple; petals somewhat orbicular.—
DC! I.e.

Summits of the White Mountains of New Hampshire, Dr. Boott ! Mr.
Oakes ! Wet places among the Rocky Mountains, and in Oregon, Nuitall!
—Rhizoma articulated, creeping, somewhat scaly. Flowers resembling
those of V. cucuUata, but considerably smaller and of a pale lilac color.

* * Caulnscent : stigma coiixex, not margined.

14. V. Langadorffii {Fischer) : leaves roundish-cordate, nearly glabrous;
stipules ovate," setaceously acuminate, the lowest ones wnth bristly teeth;
stem at length elongated, oblique at the base ; inferior petals somewhat
rhomboidal; spur broadlv saccate, very obtuse. DC. prodr. 1. p. 296;
Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 77.

Island of Uualaschka, Chamisso.

15. V. striata (Alt.): glabrous; stem angular, oblique, branching ; leaves
roundish-cordate or someAvhat ovate, upper ones a little acuminate ; stipules
oblong-lanceolate, dentate-ciliate ; stigma tubular, recurved, pubescent at the
summit; spur somewhat produced.— .4(7. Kew. {ed. 1.) 3. p. 291; Pursh!
Jl. 1. p. 174; Natl.! gen. 1. p. 150; Ell. sk. I. p. 301 (excl. syn. Michx. <^-

Walt.) ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 297 ; Le Conte ! I. c. V. ochroleuca, Schicein. !
I. c; Torr.! fl. 1. p. 255; Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 77. V. repens,
Schwein. I. c. 'V. Lewisiana,* DC. I c. V. debilis, Michx. ! Jl. 1. p. 150 1

* Gingins and CandoUe mistook ihe Christian name of Mr. Schweinitz for the
surname.

140 VIOLACEiE. Viola.

Wet meadowi=, chiefly in mountainous districts, Canada! to Georgia!
west to Kentucky ! and Illinois. April-May.— Plant 6-12 inches high.
Leaves 1-li inch broad, crenately toothed: stipules conspicuous. Flowers
large, sulphur-yellow: peduncles longer than the leaves: lateral petals beard-
ed.— Perhaps V. debilis of Michaux should rather be referred to V. Muhlen-
bergii; but his specimens of that species are imperfect, and we were unable
to determine them with certainty.

16. F. Muhlenbergii (Torr.): glabrous; stem assurgent or somewhat
prostrate; leaves reniform-cordate, the upper ones a little acuminate, cre-
natelv serrate ; stipules lanceolate, deeply serrate-ciliate ; stigma tubular,
papillose, pubescent; spur produced.— Tarr. .' /. 1. p. 256. V. Muhlen-
bergiana, Ging. in DC. prodr. \. p. 297; Le Conte ! I. c; Hook. fl. Bor.-
Am. 1. p. 78. V. uliginosa & asarifolia, Mv.Jd. ! cat. p. 25. V. debilis,
Pursh! fl. \.p. 174 (excl. syn.). V. punctata (fc V. uliginosa, Schicein.!
I.e. v. Labradorica, Schrank ; DC. I. c.

a. albiflora (Hook.): stems very short; leaves cordate-ovate or ovate,
densely pubescent ; flowers white. — Hook. I. c.

y. multicanlis : stems numerous, prostrate; leaves cordate-reniform, ob-
tuse, rather thick, minutely pubescent on both sides ; stigma very acute, re-
curved ; lateral petals distinctly bearded.

Swamps, and in dry shady places, Labrador ! and British America (lat.
59-^) to New Orleans! west to the Rocky Mountains! P. British America,
Eichardson. y. Rocks near Kentucky River, Short. April-May.— Stem
6-10 inches long, branched from the base, when old decumbent and genicu-
late. Veins of the under surface of the leaves sometimes pubescent. Flow-
ers middle-sized, rather pale blue: lateral petals usually glabrous. Spur
often more than half the length of the petal— Very near V. canina of Eu-
rope; a species which is said by De CandoUe to occur on the N. W. Coast,
but which has not been found by any of the recent travellers in that region.
The var. y. may prove to be a distinct species. When it first begins to flower
the stem is very short, but at length it throws off prostrate branches, which
produce tufts of leaves and flowers at the extremity.

17. F. longipes (Nutt. ! mss.) : "glabrous or slightly pubescent; stem short,
somewhat decumbent ; leaves ovate-cordate, obtuse, more or less decurrent
at the base, repandly crenate ; stipules linear-lanceolate, remotely spinulose-
denticulate or lacerately cihate ; peduncles elongated ; stigma slightly ros-
trate, slender, papillose ; spur produced, obtuse. V. debilis, Nutt. ! in jour,
acad. Philad. 7. p. 15, not of Micl\a\

" Borders of woods and in bushy plains near the Oregon, and in the
Rocky Mountains.— Root creeping. Stem 1-2 inches long. Leaves on
petioles which are 2-3 times as long as the lamina, dotted with minute brown
glands: stipules conspicuous, 6-8 lines long. Peduncles overtopping the
leaves: bracts above the middle, linear-subulate. Flowers as large as in V.
Muhlenbergii, deep blue. Appendages of the anthers filiform." Am«.— The
V. canina, Richards, in upp. Frankl. journ. is supposed by Nuttail to be a
variety of this species.

18. F. rostrata (Pursh) : glabrous ; stems numerous, assurgent, terete ;
leaves cordate, the upper ones acute, serrate ; stipules lanceolate, serrate-
ciliate; stigma glabrous, tubular, erect, minute ; petals beardless; spur longer
than the corolla.— Pz^rs^, fl. 1. p. 72 ; Nutt. ! gen. 1. p. 150 ; Schicein. 1. c. ;
Torr. ! fi.\. p- 256 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 298 ; Le Conte ! I. c. ; Hook.f. Bor.-
Am. 1. p. 78.

Moist rocky situations, Canada ! to Virginia ; Avest to Ohio and Kentucky.
May. — Stems 4-6 inches high. Sinus of the leaves open. Flowers large,
pale blue. Petals beardless, slightly veined with deep blue. Spur slender

VjoLA. VIOLACE^. 141

and rather acute, sometimes nearly twice the length of the petals. Appen-
dages of the anthers filiform, extending nearly the entire length of the spur.

19. V. adunca (Smith) : stem ascending, somewhat simple ; leaves ovate
and cordate-ovate, coriaceous, crenate, covered with distinct brown dots ; sti-
pules lanceolate, acuminate, dentate-ciliate; stigma somewhat rcHexed, gla-
brous; sepals linear-lanceolate; petals scarcely longer than the spur, two of
them bearded ; peduncles much longer than the leaves. Smith, in Rees,
cycL; Hook.ji. Bar. -Am. !./>. 79.

North-west coast, Menzies, Douglas. — Leaves of a dusky hue. Flow-
ers deep purple-blue. Spur obtuse, straight or uncinate. Hook.

§ 2. Stigma capitate, bearing a ttift of hairs on each side, icith a mi-
nute somewhat lateral foramen: style compressed, clavate: stajnens
oblong, approximate: torus rather Jlat: capsule often triangular.
Gingins.

20. V. Nuttallii (Pursh): stem erect; leaves ovate-lanceolate, some-
what pubescent or nearly glabrous, undivided, nearly entire, attenuated into
a long petiole ; stipules lanceolate, entire ; sepals lanceolate, acuminate ;
petals ovate-lanceolate ; spur very short ; peduncles shorter than the leaves. —
Pursh, f. l.p. 174; Schwein. ! I.e.; DC.prodr. 1. p. 300; Le Conte! I.
c. ; Hook.ji. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 9. t. 26; Nutt.! in jour. acad. Philad. l.p. 16.

Sandy plains of the Missouri, Nutt all ! Saskatchawan, Drummond;
sources of the Oregon, Mr. Wyeth ! — Rhizoma ascending. Stems nume-
rous, short. Leaves sometimes obscurely sinuate-toothed. Flovv'ers small,
pale yellow. " Pubescence of the depressed stigma very minute." Nutt.

21. V. lingucefolia (Nutt. mss.) : "pubescent ; stem scarcely any ; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, somewhat serrate, on very long petioles ; bracts of the
peduncles minute ; stigma thick and clavate, with scarcely any beak; sepals
long and narrow, linear ; petals linear-oblong, somewhat emarginate.

" Kamas Prairie, near the sources of the Oregon, Mr. Wyeth. — Flowers
yellow, larger than in the preceding. Intermediate between V. Nuttallii and
the succeeding species." Nuitatl.

22. V. prcsmorsa (Doug].): hirsute or very pubescent; stems erect, short;
leaves ovate-lanceolate, repandly denticulate or nearly entire ; stipules lance-
olate, entire; stigma clavate-capitate, conspicuously pubescent above, mi-
nutely beaked ; petals obovate ; spur very short ; peduncles longer than the
leaves.— Lindl. in bot. reg. t. 1254 ; Hook. ! ft. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 80.

Dry plains of the Oregon, and on the Wahlamet, Nuttall ! Douglas.
Fort Vancouver, Dr. Scolder ! Plant 6 inches high, usually densely hir-
sute with short spreading hairs. Flowers rather large, yellow, on peduncles
which are mostly shorter than the leaves. Lower petal emarginate, veined
with brown.

23. V. pedunculata : somewhat pubescent ; stem short ; leaves rhombic-
ovate, crenately toothed, abruptly narrowed at the base into a petiole; stipules
linear-lanceolate, entire ; stigma somewhat triangular, emarginate ; spur very
short ; appendages of the inferior stamens wing-form, a little produced at the
base.

California, Douglas! — Lamina of the leaves scarcely an inch long, rather
thick, with coarse obtuse teeth. Peduncles 2-3 times as long as the leaves.
Flower large, deep yellow. Sepals oblong, obtuse. Petals broadly obovate ;
the 2 upper ones with conspicuous claws ; lateral ones bearded at the base.
Summit of the filaments rounded. Stigma with a minute lip on the lower
edge.

21. V. hastata (Michx.): nearly glabrous; stem simple, erect; leaves

142 VIOLACE^. Viola.

deltoid-lanceolate, hastate and rhombic-ovate, repandly toothed ; stipules
ovate, acute ; stigma somewhat incurved, emarginate ; sepals lanceolate,
acute; spur very short. — Michx. ! Jl. 2. jj. 1^9 ; Ell sk. 1. p. 202 ; Schwein.!
I. c; Torr.! fl. \. p. 257; DC.prodr. 1. p. 300; Le Conte! I. c. V. gib-
bosa, /?o/.; DC. I.e.

Shady w^oods, particularly in mountainous regions, Pennsylvania ! to
Florida! — Rhizoma long and creeping. Stem 4-10 inches high. Radical
leaves dilated and truncate at the base. Peduncles shorter than the leaves.
Flowers smaller than in V. pubescens, yellow: lateral petals slightly bearded.
Stigma hairy on each side, with a deep furrow on the top.

25. V. tripartita (Ell.) : hirsute ; stem simple, leafy only at the summit ;
leaves deeply 3-parted, the lobes lanceolate, toothed. Ell. sk. p. 2. 302 ; DC.
prodr. 1. p. 300. V. hastata, /?. Le Conte, I. c.

Near Athens, Georgia. — Stem about a foot high ; the young plant villous.
Leaves divided to the base, sometimes trifoliolate, very hairy ; segments
sometimes acuminate. Stipules lanceolate, villous, entire or serrulate. Pe-
duncles long, slender, bracteate Avith 2 minute alternate scales near the
middle. Flowers yellow. Sepals acute. The lower petal beautifuUy streak-
ed with purple. Elliott.

26. V. pubescens (Ait.) : villous ; stem erect, naked below ; leaves broad-
ly cordate, toothed ; stipules ovate, somewhat toothed ; sepals oblong-lance-
olate; spur very short, a little saccate. — Ait. Keio. (ed. 1.) 3. p. 290; Nutt!
gen. 1. p. 150 ; Schwein. ! I. c. ; Torr. ! fl. 1. p. 257 ; Le Conte ! I. c. V.
Pennsylvanica, Mich.v. ! fl. 2. p. 149.

/i. eriocarpa (Nutt.) : capsules densely villous. Nutt. ! I. c. ; Torr. ! I. c.
V. eriocarpa, Schwein. ! I. c. ; DC. I. c.

y. scabriuscula: branching from the root ; sterns decumbent, nearly gla-
brous; leaves smaller, somewhat scabrous, but hardly pubescent; capsule
glabrous, or villous. — V. scabriuscula, Schwein.! mss.

Dry woods, Canada ! to Georgia ! west the Council Blutfs on the Mis-
souri. J.Pennsylvania, Darlington! Kentucky, Dr. Short ! April-May.
— Stem 6-12 inches high, with naked stipules at the base. Leaves 2-3
on the upper part of the stem, somewhat acuminate, rarely almost glabrous.
Peduncles shorter than the leaves. Flowers middle-sized, yellow : petals
handsomely striate. Appendages of the stamens forming a broad dorsal
wing or keel, not produced at the base. Stigma globose, not rostrate, strong-
ly bearded on each side.

27. V. glabella (Nutt.! mss.): "nearly glabrous; stem erect, naked be-
low ; leaves reniform-cordate, with a short acunjination, crenately serrulate;
stipules very small, membranaceous, nearly entire ; sepals hnear-lanceolate j
spur very short, slightly saccate.

" Shady woods of the Oregon. April.— Leaves with a very shallow smus,
scarcely at all cuneate at the insertion of the petiole. Flowers rather larger
than in V. pubescens, bright yellow, the upper ones almost fastigiate : petals
somewhat veined at the base. Stigma globose, hairy on the sides." Nuttall.
— Very near V. pubescens.

28. V. ocellata: pubescent ; leaves on very long petioles, cordate-triangu-
lar, crenately toothed; stipules lanceolate, somewhat ciliate ; peduncles short-
er than the leaves ; sepals linear ; petals oblong-obovate (lateral ones spot-
ted) ; spur very short; appendages dorsal, winged, not produced at the base.

California, Douglas .'—Stem nearly a foot high, simple, terete. Leaves
li inch wide, slightly cordate, or truncate at the base ; uppermost ones
somewhat acuminate and deltoid: petioles 3-4 inches long. Stipules small,
scarious. Flowers on the summit of the stem, middle-sized: peduncles
about an inch long. Upper petals purple, the others pale yellow; lateral

Viola. VIOLACEi^. 143

ones with a purple spot below the middle, slightly bearded on the elaw.
Style much attenuated downward : stigma strongly bearded on each side.

29. V. Canadesnis (Linn.) : nearly glabrous ; leaves broadly cordate,
acuminate, serrate, the nerves pubescent; stipules ovate-lanceolate, entire;
peduncles shorter than the leaves ; sepals subulate ; petals elliptical-oblong ;
spur verv short, saccate; capsule very obtuse. — Pursh ! Ji. 1. p. 174;
Schwein'.! i.e.; Torr. ! Jl. l.p. 255; DC. prodr. 1. p. 301; Le Conte, I.
c; Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. /;. 80.

0. corymbosa (Nutt. ! mss.): flowers 5-6, somewhat corymbosely fasti-
giate, sometimes white.

Shady woods, generally in mountainous districts, Hudson's Bay ! to Caro-
lina! and west to the Pacific, ff. Woods, Alabama, Nut tall ! May-July. —
Stem from (5 inches to 2 feet high, nearly simple. Flowers middle-sized.
Petals only slightly twisted, pale within, violet externally; lateral ones beard-
ed. Seeds roundish-ovate, brown.

30. V. .<!armentosa (DougL) stems creeping, filiform ; stolons floriferous ;
leaves cordate, with the sinus open, crenate, somewhat pubescent above,
glabrous and punctate beneath ; style rather slender ; appendages of the an-
thers somewhat produced ; peduncles about as long as the leaves ; spur very
short.— Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. ].p. 80.

Hilly wooded places, N. W. America, Douglas ; pine woods of the Ore-
gon near the junction of the Wahlamet, NuttaU ! and near Wallawallah,
Mr. Towns end ! — Leaves about ^ of an inch in diameter ; the petiole longer
than the lamina. Flowers yellow : petals oblong-obovate, entire ; lateral petals
slightly bearded.

31. V. chrysantha (Hook.) : somewhat pubescent ; stems csespitose,
short ; leaves bipinnatifid ; segments linear ; sepals ciliate; inferior petal with-
out a spur. — Hook. ! ic. t. 49.

Monterey, California, Douglas ! — Stems partly subterranean, several in a
cluster from one root. Leaves on long petioles ; the segments very narrow
and rather acute. Stipules linear lanceolate, entire. Peduncles rather longer
than the leaves. Flowers very large : petals broadly obovate, glabrous ; the
2 superior ones purpHsh; the others bright yellow with dark lines at the
base ; inferior one slightly saccate at the base. Upper part of the filaments
broad and rounded : appendages dorsal, wing-like, not produced at the base.
Style clavate, curved: stigma obtuse, slightly hairy below the summit.

§ 3. Stigma urceolate, hairy on each side ; aperture large, Jumished
with a lip on one side : style attenuated downward : ovary partly im-
mersed in the concave torus : seeds very numerous. — Gingins.

32. V. tricolor (Linn.): root somewhat fusiform; stems branching, dif-
fused; lower leaves ovate, cordate ; stipules runcinately pinnatifid, the mid-
dle lobe crenate ; petals with short claws ; spur thick, obtuse, not produced ;
appendages short; seeds oblong-ovate. DC. prodr. 1. p. 303.

K. arven.'iis (DC): annual; stems assurgent ; upper leaves spatulate-
ovate ; petals scarcely longer than the calyx, yelloAvish, blue, or spotted with
purple. DC. I.e. ; Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 81. V. hkoXor, Pursh ! Jl. 1.
p. 175 ; Nutt. gen. 1. p. 151 ; Schwein. ! I. c. V. arvensis. Ell. sk. 1. v. 302.
V. tenella, Muhl. ! eat. p. 25 ; Torr. ! ft. 1. p. 257 ; Le Conte ! I. c!

Dry rocky hills New-York ! to Georgia, Missouri, and Arkansas ! May. —
Plant nearly glabrous. Stem somewhat triangular. Stipules very large.
Petals pale blue, yellowish towards the base (sometimes none); lateral ones
bearded. Capsule glabrous.

144 VIOLACE^. lomDicM,

X Doubtful species.

33. V. radicans (DC): rhizoma horizontal, fibrillose; stigma with a
short beak, margined ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, abruptly attenuate at the base, or
somewhat cordate, serrate ; stipules linear, setaceously subulate, with bristly
serratures ; sepals linear, acute ; lateral petals obovale, beardless ?, the lowest
one smaller ; spur almost none. DC. prodr. 1. p. 207.

South Carolina, Michaux Jil. (ex De Cand.).— Is this a variety of V.
Muhlenbergii ?

3. SOLEA. Gingins, in DC. prodr. 1. p. 306..

Sepals nearly equal, not auricled, (reflexed after flowering, Gingins). Pe-
tals unequal; the lowest one 2-lobed and somewhat gibbous at the base ; the
rest emarginate. Stamens cohering; the lowest 2 bearing a gland above
the middle. Stigma uncinate, with a pore at the extremity of the point.
Capsule somewhat 3-sided, surrounded at the base by the concave torus.
Seeds 6-8, very large. — An herbaceous perennial herb, with alternate cauline
leaves, and small flowers on solitary or geminate axillary peduncles.

Scarcely a distinct genus from the succeeding.

S. concolor (Ging.) — DC. prodr. l.p. 306. Viola concolor, Forst. in Linn,
trans. 6. p. 308. t. 28 ; Niitt. ! gen. 1. p. 151 ; Schwein. ! I. c. ; Torr. ! fi.
I. c. V. stricta, Spreng. pug. rar. 1. p. 22. lonidium Sprengelii, Roem. ^
Schidt. syst. 5. p. 401.

Wet shady woods, western part of the State of New-York ! to Carolina ;
west to Missouri ! April-May— Plant somewhat pubescent or hairy. Stem
simple, leafy, a foot or more high. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, somewhat
erect, attenuated at each extremity. Peduncles very short, recurved. Flow-
ers greenish. Sepals about the length of the corolla. Lowest petal twice as
large as the others. Filaments produced a little above the anthers : nectari-
ferous glands sessile, confluent. Stigma glabrous, not margined. Capsule
nearly an inch long. Seeds whitish, globose-obovate.

4. lONIDIUM. Vent, (in part) ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 307.

Sepals small, unequal, not auricled, membranaceous on the margin. Pe-
tals unequal ; the inferior one much larger than the others, somewhat ungui-
culate, with a dilated lamina, a little concave or gibbous at the base. Sta-
mens approximate ; filaments soraeAvhat unguiculate, bearing the anthers low
down ; the 2 anterior ones usually with a nectariferous gland or appendage
at the base. Capsule few-seeded. — Herbaceous or suflruticose humble plants.
Leaves alternate or opposite. Peduncles solitary, 1-flowered, articulated,
usually with 2 bracteoles above the middle.

1. /. stiptdaceum (Nutt. ! mss.) : nearly glabrous, annual (?) ; leaves al-
ternate ; lower ones oblong ; upper ones oblong-linear and linear, entire ; sti-
pules large, linear-lanceolate ; sepals very acute ; limb of the inferior petals
reniform, twice as long as the calyx ; appendages of the lower stamens sub-
ulate.

Plains of Red River, Arkansas, Nuttall! and on the Arkansas near
Fort Towson, Dr. Leavenxtorth ! Texas, Drummond! May-June. —
Plant 8-12 inches high. Leaves about li inch long, sometimes all except

Drosera. DROSERACE.E. 145

the uppermost oblons^ or oblong-lanceolate, sessile, scabrous on the margin ;
upper ones usually much narrower, acute. Stipules nearly half us lung as
the leaves. Flowers 2 lines long: peduncles slender, much shorter ihaii ihe
leaves, without bracteoles, articulated above the middle. Sepals nearly equal,
strongly carinate. Lower petal contracted into a claw in the middle, dilated
again and somewhat gibbous at the base; limb emarginate, strongly veined;
lateral petals incurved, oblong; superior ones nmch the smallest. Filaments
contracted at the base into a short but distinct (-law ; upper portion ovate and
somewhat acute; the lowest two with a small subulate appendage pointing
upward. Ovary triangular : style slender: stigma small, not rostrate. Cap-
sule 3-sided, glabrous, about 6-seedcd. Seeds ovate-globose, glabrous, light
brown.

2. /. iineare (Torr.) : somewhat pubescent ; stem branched ; leaves line-
ar, narrow, entire ; stipules linear, minute. Torr. ! in ann. lye. New- Yoi-k,
2. p. 168. '

On the Red River, Arkansas, Dr. James f — Leaves an inch or more in
length, scarcely more than a line long, pale green, scabrous on the margin.
Stipules one-third the length of the leaves. Capsules glabrous. — Of this
plant we have but a single imperfect specimen, which was collected by Dr.
James in Long's 1st Expedition. It may prove to be a variety of L stipula-
ceum, but it differs considerably from that species.

Order XIX. DROSERACE.E. DC.

Sepals 5, persistent, equal, sometimes united at the base, imbricated
in aestivation. Petals 5, alternate with the sepals, nearly or quite hy-
pogynous, marcescent. Stamens distinct, marcescent, usually as
many as the petals and alternate with them, rarely 2-3 times as many :
filaments capillary or flattened : anthers extrorse or innate ; cells
distinct, or somewhat connivcnt above, opening longitudinally, or rare-
ly by a terminal pore. Ovary composed of 2-5 united carpels, l-cel-
led : placentae parietal, or filling the base of the cell : styles 2-5, usu-
ally distinct or united at the base merely, each 2-parted or multifid
and pencil-shaped ; sometimes all united into one. Capsule 2-5-valv.
ed, loculicidal, with the valves placentiferous in the middle, or indehis-
cent with the placenta at the base, many- (rarely few-) seeded. Seeds
anatropous : testa sometimes arilliform. Embryo short, at the base
of cartilaginous or fleshy albumen. — Herbs, or rarely suflrutescent
plants (growing in swamps or wet places). Leaves alternate or
crowded, entire, commonly furnished with glandular hairs, with a cir-
cinate vernation (except Dionsea) : stipules none, or in the form of a
tuft or fringe of scarious hairs at the base of the petioles.

1. DROSERA. Li7m. ; Lam. til. t. 220 ; G(Brt7i. fr. t. 61.

Stamens 5. Styles 3-5, 2-parted ; the divisions somewhat thickened
toward the apex, or multifid. Capsule subglobose or ovoid, usually 3-valved
at the top : valves placentiferous to the summit. Seeds verv numerous, in

19

146 DROSERACE/E. Dhosera.

2-5 rows on each placenta. — Small herbs, growing in sphagnous or sandy

swamps (the American and European species acaulesccnt, with a rosulate

tuft of leaves, and simple scapes which are circinate when young ; racemes

mostly unilateral). Leaves furnished with numerous long reddish glanduli-

ferous hairs. — Sun-de^c.

The pollen-grains in D. filiformis are connected by minute threads ; as in OEno-
thera. All the N. American species have usually three 2-parted or 2-cleft styles.

1. D. hreinfolia (Pursh) : leaves forming a close tuft, broadly cuneiform,
very obtuse, on petioles scarcely longer than the limb ; petals (rose-color)
obovate, more than twice the length of the calyx ; styles deeply 2-parted,
the divisions a little dilated and membranaceous above ; seeds oval (the testa
not arilliform), minutely ribbed. — Pursh! Ji. 1. j). 211; Nutt.I gen. 1. p.
141; DC. prodr. 1. p. 318.

/?. major : leaves on longer petioles. Hook. jour. bot. 1. p. 194.

Borders of sandy ponds (occasionally in exsiccated places, Nutt.), N. Ca-
rolina ! to Florida ! and Louisiana ! /?. Louisiana, Drummond ; Apalachicola,
Florida, Dr. Chapman ! — Tuft of leaves about an inch in diameter. Scape
filiform, in flower 2-4, in fruit sometimes 6-8 inches high, 2 or 6-10-flowered :
flowers nearly half an inch in diameter when expanded. Sepals and pedi-
cels often minutely glandular when young. — Our specimen from Apalachi-
cola, which we refer to p. major of Hooker, has the less broadly cuneifonn
limb of the leaves scarcely one-third as long as the petiole, and the scape aknost
capillary : it will perhaps prove to be a distinct species.

2. D. rotundifolia (Linn.) : leaves orbicular, spreading, abruptly attenuate
into the long hairy petiole ; petals (white) oblong; styles very short, 2-parted,
with subclavate divisions ; seeds linear, with a loose, arilliform testa. — Eng.
hot. t. 867 ; Michx. ! Ji. l.p. 186 ; Ell. sk. l.p. 375 ; Nutt. ! gen. I. c. ; DC.
prodr. 1. p. 318; Hook.IJl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 81. D. capiUaris, Poir. (?);
DC. I. c.

Sphagnous swamps, from the Arctic Circle and Unalaschka to Florida!
and Alabama! June-Aug. — (2) (© DC.) Scape 4-8 or 10 inches high,
5-10-flowered: raceme sometimes bifid. Capsule oblong.

3. D. longifolia (hinn.) : leaves cuneate-oblong, erect-spreading, attenuate
into the long and slender naked petiole ; caudex ascending or decumbent,
often elongated; scapes declined at the base (petals white, short); styles
very short, the divisions slightly thickened ; seeds oblong, slightly punctate,
the testa not arilliform.— i;«o-. bat. t. 868; Michx.! JI. l.p. 186; Nutt.!
gen. I. c; Torr.! JI. l.p. 331 (e.vcl. syn. Goldie.). D. Arnericana, Muhl. !
cat. p. 33. D. intermedia y. Americana, DC. I. c. D. foliosa, Ell. sk. 1. p.
375; DC. I.e.

In sphagnous and very wet sandy swamps, Canada ! to Alabama! and
Louisiana. June-Aug. — H Scapes 3-8 inches high, several-flowered, at
length about twice the length of the leaves. Capillary stipules conspicuous.
Capsule obovate-oblong.

4. D. Anglica (Huds.) : leaves linear-spatulate, erect : petioles elongated
(scarcely longer than the limb, DC.) ; seeds with an arilliform testa. Hook.
—Huds. fl. Angl. p. 135; DC. I. c. ; Hook. JI. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 81.

Near Cumberland House, lat. 54°, Richardson; and N. W. Coast, Men-
zies, ex Hook. — Scape erect, twice the length of the leaves.

5. D. linearis (Goldie) : leaves linear, very obtuse, erect, on slender naked
petioles ; scapes 1-3-flowered, at first shorter, at length a little longer than
the leaves ; seeds oval-oblong, smooth and shining, the testa not arilliform. —
Goldie, in Edinb. phil. jour. 6. p. 325 ; Hook. ! JI. Bar.- Aon. 1. p. 82. t.
27. A.

Dion^;a. DROSERACRiT:. 147

Lake Simcoe, Goldie ; near Jasper's Lake in the Uofky Mcuntains,
Driimmnnd! Keweeim Point, Lake Superior, Dr. JJukl'-IiIuil.' July-Aug.
— ((J) Huok.) Leaves 3-5 inches long; the petiole rather exceeding the
limh; which is about 2 hnes wide throughout. Capsule oval, more than
twice the length ol" the calyx.

6. D. filiformis (Raf.) : leaves filiform and very long, nearly erect, glan-
dular-hairy, naked at the lower extremity (petiole?), densely Avoolly at the
base ; scape longer than the leaves, many -flowered ; petals (purple) obovate,
erosely denticulate, much longer than the glandular calyx; styles 2-parted to
the base, the segments filiform and slightly thickened upwards ; seeds acute
at each end, minutely punctate, the testa not arilliform. — Raf. in vied. rep.
2. p. 360, f ill JJesv. jour. hot. 1. p. 227; Pursh! Ji. 1. p. 211; Nutt. !
gen. 1. p. 142; DC. I. c; Ton\! fl. 1. p. 332; Hook. hot. mag. i. 3540.
D. tenuifolia, Muhl. ! cat. p. 33 ; Willd. ennm. p. 340.

Wet sandy places, from Plymouth, Massachusetts (Bigelow !) and Long
Island ! to the Pine barrens of New-Jersey ! and Delaware {Rajinesque.)
Also Apalachicola, F'lorida, Z>r. C7m/i???a«.' Aug-Sept. — 2+ Leaves 6-10
inches long. Scape a foot or more high, 8-20-flowered. Flowers larger than
in the other species. Cells of the anther linear-oblong, nearly distinct, at
length separable from the rhombic-lanceolate connectivum. — Tlie flowers in
all the specimens from Florida are nearly twice the size of liie northern
plant ; bi-ing about an inch in diameter when fully expanded.

2. DION^A. Ellis, in act. Ups. 1. p. 98. t. S.

Stamens 10-15: anthers innate. Style 1, thick: stigmas 5, connivent,
fimbriately many-cleft. Capsule membranaceous, indehiscent, but tearing
open irregularly (5-valved, DC), 1-celled. Seeds numerous (20-30), partly
immersed in the scrobiculate cellular placenta which fills the base of the cap-
sule.— A glabrous perennial (yellowish-green) herb. Flowers umbellate at
the extremity of a slender scape. Leaves (not circinate in vernation) radi-
cal, rosulate and spreading ; petiole winged and foliaceous, terminating in an
articulated circular spinulose-ciliate lamina, which is very sensitive, suddenly
closing when the upper surface is touched. — Vemis^s Fly-trap.

Arnott places Dionrea in his suborder ParnassicEe; but we prefer to retain it in
Droseracese proper, with which it agrees more nearly in habii, and from wliicli it
differs in no important character except in tlie vernation, and in the placenta which
fills the bottom of the ovary; the style, moreover, is just such an one as would he
produced liy the cohesion of the rnultifid styles of" some species of Drosera nearly
to the summit. On tlie oilier hand, it differs from Parnassia in most of the peculiar
characters of that o^enus, viz.: the peri^ynous stamens, a portion of which are abor-
tive or transformed, tlie sessile stigmas opposite the placenlte, and the albuminous
seeds.

D. muscipula (FiUis) — Linn. maM. p. 238; Michx.! Jl. 1. p. 267;
Vent. hort. Malmais. t. 29 ; Walt. Car. p. 144 ; Bot. mag. t. 785 ; Ell. sk.
1. p. 479 ; Nutt. ! gen. h p. 278 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 320 ; Curtis ! in Host,
jour. nat. hist. 1. p. 123.

Sandy bogs, New-Bern, and N. Carolina, Croom ! and from the mouth of
Cape Fear River to Fayetteville, Curtis ! Also along the lower branches of
the Santee River in S. Carolina, Elliott. April-May. — Scape 6-12 inches
high, about 10-flowered. Petals white, cuneate-obovate, marked with paral-
lel simply forked veins, marcescent. Filaments capiUary : anthers roundish.
Ovary depressed-globose, slightly 5-lobed : stigmas fimbriate within. Seeds

148 DROSERACE^. ParnassU.

obovate, smooth and shining, black, marked witli an inconspicuous raphe.
Embryo oblong, at the base of the cartilaginous albumen. — '' The sensitive-
ness of the lamina," according to Mr. Curtis, " resides only in the '3 or 4
hair-Uke processes of its upper surface, so placed that an insect can hardly
traverse it M^ithout interfering with one of them ; when the two sides sud-
denly collapse and enclose the prey, the fringe or hairs of the opposite sides
of the leaf interlacing like the fingers of the two hands clasped together."
See the further remarks of Mr. Curtis in loc- cit.

Suborder PARNASSIE^. Am. (excl. Dion^a.)

Sepals 5, persistent, imbricated in aestivation ; more or less united
at the base and coherent with the base of the ovary. Petals 5, some-
what perigynous, persistent, alternate with the petals: venation sim-
ple. Stamens, perigynous, persistent, consisting of an outer sterile se-
ries, somewhat indefinite in number, united in 5 phalanges situated
opposite the petals ; and an inner series of 5 fertile stamens alter-
nating with the petals' : anthers fi.xed by the base, introrse. Ovary com-
posed of 4 united camels, l-celled, with 4 sessile stigmas opposite the
parietal placentae. Capsule 1-celIed, 4-valved, loculicidal. Seeds very
numerous, anatropous, with an arilliform winged testa : albumen none.
Embryo straight, with a slender radicle and minute cotyledons. — Gla-
brous perennial herbs (growing in wet places.) Leaves mostly radical
or nearly so, petioled, exstipulate, entire, with obscure converging
veins. Scapes elongated, 1 -flowered : flower white.

This suborder, as characterized above, includes the anomalous genus Parnassia
alone ; which was placed by Jussieu, along with Diosera and Reseda, among " Ge-
nera Capparidibus affinia;" and is referred to Droseracese by Richard, De Candolle,
and (as & suborder) by Arnott- to Saxifragacese (with which they agree very well,
except in the completely syncarpous ovary and the position of the stigmas,) by
Brown and Liiidley ; to Hypericaceffi by Don ; and (with a mark of doubt) to Tama-
riscineae by Bartling. The curious scale-like organs terminating in three or more
threads or seta with glandular lips, are doubtless transformed stamens ; but their
situation {opposite the petals and exterior to the fertile stamens) as well as their
structure renders it evident that they are not composed each of a single stamen, as
has been stated, but of 3 or more, as we have described them. That they are so
considered by Don, is manifest from the view he takes of the affinity of the genus,
although the work which contains his remarks is not at this moment before us.

3. PARNASSIA. Tourn. inst. t. 127 ; Linn. ; Gcertn. fr. t. 60.
Character same as of the Suborder.

^'^1. P. patusiris CLinn.): scales [phalanges of sterile stamens] with nu-
''merous (9-13) very slender setae ; leaves all cordate, the cauhne one [when
present] sessile. Hook.-^Fl. Dan. t. 584; DC prodr. 1. p. 320 ; Richards. !
app. Frankl. joiirn. p. 10 ; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 82.

Labrador! and Newfoundland to Rocky Mountains, lat. 52^-50-, and
Kotzebue's Sound ; south to Canada ! and the south shore of Lake Superior,
Dr. Pitcher! — Scapes slender, 3-8 inches high, naked or with a single
somewhat clasping leaf. Leaves, sepals &c. marked, though not con-
stantly, as in all the species, with brownish dots. Petals, in American spe-
cimens, 3-5-nerved, h-i longer than the oblong-lanceolate sepals. Setse pel-
lucid, with minute glandular tips. — Our American specimens are all much

Parnassia. DROSERACEiE. 149

smaller than the ordinary European forms, and have fewer veins in the se-
pals and fewer sela; to the scales: they af^ree almost wholly with authentic
specimens of P. palustris /?. tenuis, Wtilil, from Lapland. — We take llie cha-
racters of this and the two foUowin^f nearly allied species from Hooker, not
beins: perfectly satisfied of their distinctness. The sets in these species do
not appear to furnish well-marked characters: we observe 7-12 in the Ameri-
can P. palustris, 5-8 in P. parviflora, Hook., and 3-5 in P. Kotzebuei.

-f^2. P. parviflora (DC.) : very slender ; scales with about 5 very; slender
'setae ; radical leaves ovate, attenuate into a petiole ; the cauline one linear-ob-
long, sessile. Jlook. — DC. prodr. 1. p. 320; Honk.! Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 82,
excl. syn. P. palustris /?. Wahl.

Sandy banks of rivers among the Rocky Mountains, Drummond! ex
Hook. IV. America, DC, who described from a specimen in the Banksian
herbarium. — Scapes from a span to a foot high, with a single bract-like leaf.
Flowers considerably smaller than in P. palustris : petals slightly unguicu-
Jate. Hook.

-7—3. P. Kotzebuei (Cham. & Schlecht.) : scales with 3 slender seta^; radi-
cal leaves (and cauline one when present) subcordate-ovate, petioled ; petals
about 3-nerved, shorter than the calyx. Hook. — Cham. ^ iivhhxht. in Lin-
ncea, 1. p. 549; Hook. ! I. c. t. 28; Hook. ^ Am. hot. Beechoij, p. 122.

Unalaschka and Kotzebue's Sound, Cliamisso ; Rocky Mountains, be-
tween lat. 52^ & 56° {Drummond) to Bear Lake and the shores of the Arc-
tic Sea, Richardson ! — Scapes slender, naked or with a single leaf near the
base, 3-6 inches high. Leaves membranaceous, very small. Sepals ellipti-
cal-lanceolate. Petals elliptical. Anthers subrotund. Ovary oval-globose,
nearly a third part inferior. — Hooker, and also Cham. & Schlecht., expressly
state the stigmas to be four and the capsule 4-valved, as in the rest of the
genus, and this we find to be the case in our specimens ; but the figure in
the Flora. Boreali- Americana exhibits several views of a pentacarpellary
■capsule, probably a monstrosity.

— ^ 4. P. Caroliniana (Michx.): scales of 3 stout and thick sterile filaments,
■distinct to near the base, about the length of the fertile stamens ; i)etals sub-
sessile, more than twice the length of the calyx, with strong greenish veins;
leaves (coriaceous) orbicular-ovate or somewhat elliptical-ovate^ subcordate,
the cauline one usually low down and clasping. — Michx. Jl. 1. p. 184; Bot.
mag. t. 1459 ; Pursh, Jl. 1. p. 208 ; Torr. ! Jl. 1. p. 326 ; DC. I. c. ; Hook.
I. c. P. palustris, P«7-67«, I.e. P.Americana & ovata, MuhL! cat. ]. 32.
P. ovata /?. Belvisii, DC. I.e.?

0. leaves larger, not rarely orbicular-reniform ; sterile filaments exceeding
the fertile stamens; pollen orange-color. Hook. jour. bot. 1. j). 194. P.
grandifolia, DC. I. c.

Wet meadows and along shady streams, &c. Canada ! to Florida I Avest
to the Mississippi. 0. New-Orleans, Drummond. July-Aug. — Leaves
about 7-nerved, varying from orbicular-subreniform to ovate-cordate and
broadly oval with no sinus at the base. Scape 8-18 inches high. Flower
an inch in diameter. — We have seen no Southern specimens which agree
with the /?. of Hooker in the sterile stamens, &c. ; but Elliott describes them
as " nearly the length of the corolla," and " filaments very short."

5. P. asarijolia (Vent.) : scales of 3 sterile filaments ; petals broadly
ovate and very obtuse, naked and abruptly unguiculate at the base ; leaves
reniform; the cauline one reniform-cordate or somewhat orbicular, sessile.—
Vent. Malmais. t. 39 ; Pursh, Jl. 1. p. 208 ; Muhl. ! cat. p. 32 ; DC. 1. c.

High mountains of Virginia ! and N. Carolina ! (v. s. in herb. Muhl. &
herb. Schweinitz.) July-Aug. — Leaves and flowers rather larger than in
P. Caroliniana. — A well-marked species.

150 CISTACEvE. Heuanthemum.

6. P. jimhriata (Banks): scales broadly cuneate, fleshy, carinate at the
middle within, crenately 5-toothc'd at the apex ; radical leaves on very long
petioles, biauriculate-reniform; the cauline one very small, cordate, sessile
above the middle of the slender scape ; petals fimbriate at the base, some-
what unguiculate. Hook. — K(£n. anil. hot. 1. p. 391; DC. prodr. I. p. 320;
Hook. ! hot. misc. 1. p. 43. t. 23, (f- fl. Bor.-Am,. 1. p. 84.

N. W. Coast, Menzies. Elevated swamps in the Rocky Mountains, lat.
52"?-56°, Drummond! and lat. 41°, Nuttall ! — Rhizoraa somewhat creeping.
Scape 1-U foot high. Flowers smaller than in P. Caroliniana.

Order XX. CISTACEiE. Juss,

Sepals 5, persistent ; the two outer ones usually much smallest or
sometimes wanting ; the three inner imbricated and often somewhat
twisted in a3stivation. Petals 5 (rarely 3 or by abortion none), hypogy-
nous, mostly very fugitive, usually crumpled in aestivation and twisted
in a direction contrary to that of the sepals. Stamens indefinite, or
rarely kw, hypogynous, distinct : anthers short, innate. Ovary com-
posed of 3-5 united carpels : styles and stigmas mostly united into
one. Capsule 3-5-valved, loculicidal, 1-celled with parietal nerviform
placentae, or imperfectly 3-5-celled with dissepiments proceeding from
the middle of the valves and bearing the placentae at or near the axis ;
endocarp often separating from the exocarp. Seeds few or numerous,
orthotropous (veiy rarely somewhat anatropous). Embryo nearly
straight or spirally convolute, in the midst of mealy or somewhat cor-
neous albumen. — Herbs or low shrubs : pubescence simple or stellate.
Leaves simple and usually entire, opposite or alternate (the lowest
always opposite), with or without stipules. Flowers perfect, yellow,
white, or red, showy or sometimes inconspicuous.

Mr. Spach, in his papnr entitled ' Description of some nciv Cistacece, published in
the first volume of the Companion to the Botanical Magazine, annouaces the some-
what curious fact, that a few Cistaceis have anatropous seeds, but without mention-
ino; in what plants this structure is found. We find anatropous seeds in Helianthe-
Tnum Fumana, H. procumbens, H. lajvipes, H. junipcrinum, and H. glutinosum
(which are all the species of the section fimiana of which we have specimens in
proper state for the examination) ; also in H. alpestre. In the two first-named spe-
cies the funiculus is adherent only for about half the length of the seed, which is thus
as it were heterotropous or amphitropous ; in the others it adheres almost to the
(organic) apex of the seed, but in H. Isevipes and H. glutinosum it may readily be
separated from the testa. I'he seeds of H. glutinosum, when thrown into water are
seen to be covered with a very dense coat of mucus, enveloping a great number of spi-
ral threads which uncoil when the mucus dissolves ; as in CoUomia linearis.

1. HELIANTHEMUM. Toiirn. inst. t. 128 ; Gc^tn.fr. t. 76 5 DC.

The two exerior sepals usually much smaller and bract-like, or wanting.
Petals 5 or rarely 3, sometimes abortive, fugitive. Stigmas 3, large, fimbrio-
late, more or less united into one. Capsule triangular, 3-valved, few- or

Helianthemum. CISTACE/E. 151

many-seeded : placentae filiform, in the axis of the valves or on iniperfuct
dissepiments more or less projecting into the cell. Embryo indexed.

The North American species belong to the section Lecheoides, Dwnal ; havine
the exterior sepals minute, a very short straight style, and strictly parietal placenta;:
they are almost sufTruticose, with mostly stellular pubescence, and exstipulate slightly
petioled aUernate leaves, except the lowest, which are usually opposite ; and the evo-
lution of the (yellow) flowers is centrifugal. Excepting H. scoparium from Cali-
fornia, and II. Carolinianum, which hardly belong to this section, they dirter
from the European sjiccics in producing two kinds of (lowers: viz. 1st, Terminal or
dichotomal flowers, usually preceding the others, on slender pendunclca, with con-
spicuous petals and numerous stamens. 2nd, Smaller flowers, usually clustered in
axillary cymes or glomerules, scarcely ever fully expanding, witli minute petals or
often none, fewer stamens, and smaller and fewer-seeded capsules. The two kinds
often occur on the same specimens ; but the latter are produced later in the season,
and in sterile soil often to the exclusion of the others, giving to the plant the appear-
ance of Lechea, so much so as to have deceived Linnaius, wliose L. major is wel!
known to have been founded upon such a state of Helianthemum Canadense. Mr.
Spach has noticed this peculiarity in our species, and separated them as a distinct
genus under the name of Heteromeris.

"r*"^!. //. Canadense (Michx.) : stem at first simple ; the primar}'^ or termi-
nal large and petaliferous flowers few or solitary, on peduncles scarcely longer
than the floAver, the erosely emarginate petals about twice the length of the
calyx ; secondary flowers axillary, very small, nearly sessile, solitary or some-
what clustered on short leafy branches, the petals very small or none, and
the outer sepals usually wanting ; leaves oblong or somewhat lanceolate, with
revolute margins (when dry), and, as well as the sepals and often the
branches and peduncles, canescently tomentose. — Michx. ! fl. 1. p. 308 ;
Pursh ! fl. 2. ]). 363 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 4 ; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p.72; Dar-
lingt. fl. Cest. p. 313. H. ramuliflorum, Michx. I. c. ; Pursh ! I. c. ; Ell.
I.e. li. coTymbosnm, Picrsh, fide herb. ! H. rosmarinifolium, P«rs/t .' I.e.
Cistus canadensis, Willd. ; Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 212. Lechea major
(the apetalous state), Limi. amcen. accul. 3. p. 11 (excl. fig.), fide Smith, &,
in herb. Gronov. f

In dry sandy soils, Canada ! to Florida! June (April in the Southern
States) to Sept. — Stem 6-18 inches high. Capsules of the apetalous flowers
not larger than a pin's head, few-seeded : seeds angular, scabrous-punctate.

,-J-^. H. polifolium, : primary or petaliferous flowers (small) terminating the
slender stem and the numerous short branches, on filiform peduncles many
times longer than the flower, the broadly cuneiform petals a little exceeding
the calyx ; secondary flowers very small, apetalous, 3-6-androus, clustered
in lateral cymnles on the floriferous branches, at first glomerate and nearly
sessile, at length on pedicels as long as the (.5-sepalous) calyx ; leaves linear
or linear-oblong, with revolute margins, beneath (as also the sepals and pedun-
cles) tomentose-canescent. — H. capitatum, Nutt. ! in herb. acad. Philad.
Heteromeris polifolia, Spach, in compan. to bot. mag. 1. p. 291.

Prairies and dry sterile places, Arkansas, Nuttall ! Dr. Leavenivorth !
and Texas, Drummond ! June-Aug. — Stem 9-12 inches high, minutely
canescent. Primary flowers polyandrous, usually solitary at the extremity of
the branches, scarcely half the size of those of H. Canadense. Seeds smooth
and shining, several in the petaliferous, but very few in the apetalous flowers.

3. H. corymbosum (Michx.) : stem branching from the base, canescent ;
flowers in terminal fastigiate cymes ; the primary ones (rather large) on
filiform peduncles much longer than the flower, the petals nearly twice the
length of the calyx ; the secondary flowers in glomerate cymules, mostly
apetalous, 3-10-androus ; sepals tomentose-villous, the inner ones oblong-

152 CISTACEuE. Lechea.

ovate, acute, the outer linear and obtuse ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, with
somewhat re volute margins (when dry), softly canescent beneath. — Michx. !
f. 1. p. 307 ; DC. prodr. 1. 'p- 269; Ell. sk. 2. p. 5. Heteromeris cymosa,
Spachj I. c.

Sterile places near the coast, from New Jersey to S. Carolina and Florida !
April-May, and again in Oct. Ell. — x\bout a foot high, very tomentose
when young. Outer sepals about the length of the inner ones. Capsules of
the primary flowers many -seeded ; of the secondary ones rather few-seeded.
Flowers nearly the size of those of H. Canadense. — A well-marked species,
readily distinguished by having, among other characters, the apetalous flowers
not on leafy branches, but with the others forming a compound terminal
cyme.

4. H. Caroliniamim (Michx.) : stem simple or branching from the base,
hirsute ; flowers (large, all polyandrous and petaliferous ?) on long solitary
peduncles, axillary and terminal ; sepals villous-hirsute, the outer ones linear
and shorter, the inner ovate-lanceolate acuminate and much longer than the
capsule ; leaves at first softly villous^ oblong or oval, slightly denticulate; the
lower ones crowded near the base of the stem, obovate. — Michx. ! fl. 1. p.
307 ; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 364; Vent. hort. Cels. t. 74 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 5; DC.
prodr. I. c. Cistus ( 'arolinianus, Walt. Car. p. 152.

In dry rather fertile soils, S. Carolina to Georgia ! and Louisiana ! May-
June. — Nearly herbaceous, 5-12 inches high. Leaves larger than in the
other American species, on short but distinct petioles. Flowers few : petals
larger than in H. Canadense. Seeds minutely papillose-scabrous.

5. H. scoparium (Nutt. ! mss.) : " slightly pubescent, decumbent and much
branched below ; flowers paniculate-racemose [all petaliferous and polyan-
drous] ; sepals ovate, acuminate, the outer ones minute and subulate ; petals 5,
cuneate-oblong, longer than the calyx ; capsule about 6-seeded ; leaves scat-
tered, linear-subulate, exstipulate." — H. '? (near H. tripetalum) Hook.

tf Aril. bot. Beechey, p. 135.

" Dry hills around Monterey, California ; common. — About a foot high.
Leaves an inch long, scarcely half a line wide. Flowers small, yellow, dis-
posed in a kind of paniculate raceme [the evolution of the flowers in the
branches of the inflorescence, as usual in the genus, centrifugal]. Seeds
smooth." Nutt. — Evidently allied to H. tripetalum, iMog. ^ Sesse, from
Mexico, as far as can be judged from the brief character in DC. prodr.; but
there are 5 petals.

2. LECHEA. Linn.; G(jerrt7i. fr. t. 129; DC. prodr. \.p.2S5.

Lecliea & Lechidium, Spach.

The two exterior sepals much narrower and bract-like. Petals 3, incon-
spicuous, lanceolate, somewhat persistent. Stamens 3-12. Stigmas 3, near-
ly sessile, somewhat united, fimbriate-laciniate, depressed. Capsule 3-valved,
incompletely 3-celled, or 1-celled by the obliteration of the imperfect dissepi-
ments : placentae (internal valves, Linn.) ovate or roundish, nearly as broad
as the valves, membranaceous or somewhat crustaceous, fixed to the dissepi-
ments by the middle of the posterior face, about 2-seeded. Seeds borne on
the posterior face of the placentae near the base, one on each side of the dis-
sepiment, about the length of the valves. Embryo nearly straight. — Peren-
nial herbs, often sufFruticose at the base, much branched, with numerous
very small racemed or somewhat paniculate flowers : petals brownish-pur-

Lechea. CISTACEiE. 153

pie. Leaves exstipulatc, entire, alternate, opposite, or vcrticillaie (often on
the same specimen), sessile or slightly peliolcd, minutely puncticulate.

An American genus; L. verticillata, If't/W. being a species of Elaline, according
to Wight and Arnott.

§ 1. PlacentcB membranaceo-crustaccous, fragile, separating from the
very thin dissepiments ; the margins revolute ^ enveloping the seed.
(Lechea, Spach.)

1. L. major (Michx.) : stem erect, hairy ; youno; branches villous, the rad-
ical ones prostrate and tufted ; cauline leaves elliptical, mucronulate ; those
of the radical branches roundish and very small ; of the floral branches lan-
ceolate; flowers very numerous, densely clustered in short unilateral ra-
cemes ; pedicels very short ; capsule depressed-globose and somewhat 3-sid-
ed.—Mc/w./ /?. I. p. 76; Muhl cat. p. 15; Pursh ! fi. 1. p. 90; Bigel.fl.
Bost.pAl; Torr.i. fl. \. p. 160, not of Linn, (which is an apetalous lorm
of Hclianthemum Canadense.) L. minor, Linn, amoen. acad. 3. p. 10, ex
Smith, in liees, cycl. L. villosa. Ell. sk. 1. p. 184 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 285 ;
Beck, bot. p. 30 ; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 96. L. Drummondii, Spach, in
compan. to bot. mag. 1. p. 284'?

In dry woods, &c., Canada ! to Florida, and west to the Mississippi. July-
Sept. — Stem 1-2 feet high, stout, much branched above. Radical branches
slender; the small leaves much crowded or lascicled, villous with white
hairs, especially on the margins and midrib. Cauline leaves also often
crowded, opposite or alternate, occasionally verticillate. Flowers and cap-
sules much smaller than in L. minor. Seeds oval. — We think it preferable,
as well as more in accordance with the rules of nomenclature, to retairi the
name L. major for this species ; since it is not only the generally received,
but the oldest name, the Linnjean plant, as also the figure of Lamarck, being
excluded ; unless indeed we follow Smith, and call the largest species of the
genus L. minor.

2. L. thymifolia (Pursh): frutescent; stems decumbent at the base,
densely and paniculately branched above, canescently villous (especially the
branches) Avith white appressed hairs ; leaves very numerous and often ver-
ticillate; cauline ones oblanceolate or linear; those of the short procumbent
and very villous radical branches imbricated, elliptical, very small ; those of
the floriferous branches narrowly linear, Avith revolute margins, erect and
crowded; clusters terminal and axillary near the extremity of the simple
floriferous branches, 2-6-flowered ; pedicels very short; calyx tomentose-
canescent ; capsule globose. — Pursh, fl. 1. p. 91 ; Smith, in Pees, cycl. 7 ;
Toj^\ ! fl. 1. p. 161, not oi Michx.

In sand on the sea-coast, Massachusetts ! and Long Island ! to Virginia,
&c. July-Sept. — Stem stout, a foot high, branched above in a pyramidal
manner ; the branches often verticillate, short and simple, leafy to the sum-
mit.— Intermediate in some respects between L. major &. L. minor, but more
nearly allied to the former.

3. L. minor (Lam.) : stem erect, minutely pubescent with appressed
hairs; radical branches procumbent and hairy, or often none; leaves linear,
the cauline ones often somewhat oblong; scattered or sometimes verticillate;
racemes nearly simple; the flowers on distinct often appressed pedicels;
capsules ovoid-globose. — Lam., ill. t. 52./ 1 ?; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 91 ; Bigel.fl.
Bost.p. 48; Torr.! fl. l.p. 161; Hook.fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 73; Darlingt.
fl. Cest. p. 97, not of Linn. & Smith. L. racemulosa, thymifolia, and tenui-

folia, Michx. ! I.e.
a. stem tall and slender, simple or paniculately branched above j radical

20

154 CISTACEiE. Hitdsonia.

branches procumbent, hairy; leaves linear-lanceolate or somewhat oblong;
racemes often panicled at the extremity of the ])ranches ; capsules rather
large. — L. minor, Pvrsh, I. r. ^-r.

p. stem low, slender, diffusely branched above; radical branches mostly
none ; leaves narrowly Hnear ; racemes slender, nearly naked ; pedicels
somewhat appressed. — L. racemulosa, Michx. ! fl. 1. p. 77 ; Pnrsh ! I. c. j Ell.
sk. l.p. 184; DC. I. c. L. thesioides, Spach! in compan. to hot. mag. 1.
p. 284.

y. Stem low, very much branched ; leaves linear-subulate ; flowers very
few, near the extremity of the branches ; capsules rather large. — L. tenui-
folia, Michx. ! I. c. ; Pursh, I. c.

In dry gravelly or sandy places, Canada! to Louisiana! and Arkansas!
0. & y. Southern States to Texas ! June-Sept.— Stem 6-18 inches high,
often decumbent at the base. FloAvers and capsules larger than in L. major.
Leaves slightly ciliate. Seeds oblong.

§ 2. Placenta firm and crustaceoiis, the margins not revolute : dissepi-
ments persistent, separating from the valves but cohering icilh the pla-
centce. — LEcnmiuM, Spach.

4. L. Drummondii : decumbent and much branched at the base, shghtly
pubescent; leaves linear-subulate, scattered; racemes filiform, temninating
the numerous branches, loosely flowered; flowers unilateral, on capillary
spreading and at length reflexed pedicels; capsule globose-3-sided. — Lechi-
dium Drummondii, Spach ! I. c. p. 287.

Dry places in small prairies, Texas, Druramond ! Dr. Leavenworth!
June-July.— The decumbent base of the stem slightly Hgneous ; the slen-
der branches 6-8 inches high. Pedicels twice the length of the flowers,
often supra-axillary, much longer than the setaceous bracts. Petals purple.
Stamens 3-4, Spach, "more than 10," Leavenworth, in lift. Seeds ovate.

Lechea juncifolia, " foliis radlcalibus teretibus, calyce nullo," Walt. Car. f. 83. is
wholly unknown ; Wt doubtless belongs to some other order.

3. HUDSONIA. Linn. mant. ; Gcertn. Jr. t. 210; 'Nutt. gen. 2. p. 4.

Sepals united at the base; the two outer ones subulate and often minute ;
the 3 inner oblong or oval, colored within, spreading in flower, connivent into
a tube in fruit. Petals 5, oblong-obovate, somewhat fugitive. Stamens 9-30,
Style filiform, straight: stigma minute. Capsule oblong-obovate, slightly
3-sided, 1-celled, 3-valved : placentfE parietal, nerviform, in the axis of the
valves. Seeds 1-2 (or by abortion fewer) from the base of each placenta,
on short filiform ascending funiculi, minutely granulated. Embryo (in H.
ericoides!) slender, spirally convolute in the midst of the thin albumen. —
Low difi'usely and excessively branched shrubby plants, each forming a
dense tuft. Leaves small, subulate or acerose, densely imbricated, exstipu-
late, tomentose, persistent. Flowers yellow, on slender peduncles or almost
sessile, terminating the short branches.

1. H. ericoides (Linn.) : canescently pubescent, erect with the branches
decumbent; leaves subulate, slightly spreading; peduncles exserted, longer
than the flowers ; sepals acutish ; capsules oblong, slightly pubescent, about
3-&eedied.—Lin77. mant. p. 74 ; Willd. hort. Bcrol.t. 15; Pursh ! fi.2. p.
364; ^utt. ! gen. I. c. ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 285.

IIuBSONiA. CISTACE^. 155

Sandy woods, Nantucket ! Long Island! and New Jersov ! to Virf^inia.
May. — About a span high: primary branches elongated; floral ones very
short. Leaves 3-4 lines long, rather scattered on the old stems. Stamens
about 15.

2. H. montana (Nutt.) : minutely pubescent ; stems decumbent ; leaves
filiform-subulate, partly imbricated ; peduncles longer than the flowers ; calyx
campanulate, lanuginous ; sepals acuminate, the outer ones longer and subu-
late ; capsules villous, mostly 3-seeded. Nutt.! gen. 2. p. 5; DC. I. c.

On the highest summits of the mountains of N. Carolina; particularly on
Table Rockj' of the Catawba Ridge, Nuttall .'—Stem 3-5 inches high.
Leaves about a line longer than in H. ericoides. Peduncles about an inch
long in fruit. Flowers more than twice the size of those of the preceding
species ; the capsules 3 times the size, and furnished with distinct central
septiforra sutures. Stamens 15-30. Null.

3. //. tomentosa {^Mii.) : canescently tomentose; leaves minute, ovate-
oblong, acute, very closely imbricated; flowers nearly sessile (the peduncles
not longer than the leaves) ; sepals obtuse ; capsules ovate, glabrous (about
3-ovuled), commonly 1-seeded.— AW^ .' sren.2.p. 5; Bigel. Ji. Host. ed. 2.
p. 213; DC. I. c.; Sweet, Cist. t. 57; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 73. H.
ericoides, Lam. ill t. 407 ? ; Richard.^, app. Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. 18.

Shore of the ocean from Massachusetts ! to Maryland ! and of all the
Great Lakes, from Lake Champlain to Slave Lake, and on St. Peter's
River ! May. — Stems ascending, intricately branched : branches short.
Leaves about a line long. Flowers smaller than in the other species. Outer
sepals very minute. Stamens 9-18.

Order XXI. HYPERICACE.E. Jiiss.

Sepals 4-5, distinct or united at the base, often unequal, persistent :
aestivation imbricated. Petals as many as the sepals and alternate
with them, hypogynous, marcescent or deciduous ; veins oblique : testi-
ration twisted. Stamens hypogynous, usually very numerous and
more or less cohering at the base into three or more parcels, rarely
definite and monadelphous or quite distinct, often persistent : anthers
fixed by the middle, introrse. Ovary composed of 2-') united carpels :
styles slender, distinct or partly united, persistent : stigmas simple or
somewhat capitate. Fruit baccate, or capsular with 2-5 valves and a
septicidal dehiscence, either (completely or incompletely) 2-5.celled
with the placenta; in the a.xis or 1 -celled with the placentae nearly or
quite parietal. Seeds very numerous and minute, or rarely few, straight
or a little curved, anatropous : testa coriaceous ; the tegmen mem-
branaceous or rarely fleshy : albumen none. Embryo cylindrical,
straight.— Herbs, shrubs, or trees, having a resinous juice, variously
and copiously dotted with glands. Leaves opposite, entire, exstipulate,
copiously dotted with immersed pellucid resinous glands, and often
(as also the sepals and petals) sprinkled with black glandular dots or
lines. Inflorescence various. Flowers commonly yellow.

156 HYPERICACEiE. Ascyrdm.

The so-called albumen of Sarothra is more properly only the thickened inner
tegument of the seed, which readily separates from the testa in all the species we
have examined, and is more or less fleshy in several.

Tribe I. HYPERICE^. Chois.

Fruit capsular. Seeds terete or roundish. — Herbs, or shrubby
plants. Leaves mostly sessile.

1. ASCYRUM. Linn.; Chois. prodr. Hyper., <^ in DC. prodr. 1. p. 55.

Sepals 4; the 2 exterior usually broad and foliaceous; the inner much
smaller. Petals 4. Filaments slightly united at the base into several par-
cels. Styles 2-3 (rarely 4), sometimes united. Capsule 1-celled, 2-3 valved :
placentEe parietal. — Shrubby or suffruticose plants. Leaves sprinkled with
black dots. Flowers 1-3 at the summit of the branches, yellow : a pair of
opposite subulate bracteoles a little below each flower.

' 1. A. Crux- Andr ecu (Linn.) : stem much branched at the base, assurgent ;
leaves obovate-oblong or linear-oblong, obtuse ; flowers cymulose or solitary,
on short pedicels ; exterior sepals ovate ; the inner ones very minute ; petals
linear-oblong; styles 2, at length distinct. — Pursh, ji. 2. p. 373; Ell. sk. 2.
p. 22 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 555. A. multicaule, Michx.Jl. 2. p. 77.

0. angustifoUa (Nutt.): leaves oblong-linear, crowded; exterior sepals
elliptical-ovate, acute. Nutt. gen. 2. p. 16.

Sandy pine woods. New Jersey ! to Florida ! and Louisiana! P. Caroli--
na Nuttall! July. — Stem 8-12 inches high (in the southern plant taller,
' 2-3 feet', Elliott), distinctly ancipital above. Leaves variable in width,
usually obovate-oblong and about J of an inch in length, crowded ; the lower
ones in robust specimens H inch long. Flowers usually in threes : pedicles 2-3
lines long : bracteoles very close to the flower, alternating with the exterior
sepals. Inner sepals scarce a line long, petaloid. Petals pale yellow, approx-
imated by pairs opposite the exterior sepals, and a httle exceeding them in
lensth. Stamens about 20, half as long as the corolla. Styles erect, very
short. Capsule ovate-oblong, compressed, 2-valved. Seeds roundish-ob-
lonp-, attached to slightly prominent parietal placentae. The placentae coa-
lesc'e at the base into a spongy body, which fills up the lower part of the cap-
sule, enclosing a number of perfect seeds.

2. A. pumilum- (M.\c\iyi.) : very low ; leaves small, oval, obtuse ; pedicels
long, reilexed ; styles 2, united or distinct. Mirhx. fi. 2. p. 11 ; Ell. sk. 2.
p. 2 i ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 555. A. pauciflorum, Nutt. gen. 2. p. 15; DC. I. c.

Dry pine barrens, Cxeorgia, Michaux, Elliott, (^ Nuttall. March- April. —
Stem somewhat woody, slightly winged, 6-10 inches long. Leaves linear-
oblong. Flowers solitary. Peduncles i-1 inch long. Exterior sepals ovate,
somewhat acute. Petals obovate, a little longer than the calyx. Filaments
not distinctly polyadelphous. Styles united. Capsule ovate. Elliott.
Style unusually long. Nuttall. — Among our numerous specimens of Ascy-
rum from the Southern States, there is not one that agrees in all respects
with either Michaux's or Elliott's description of this plant. In many respects
it seems closely allied to the preceding species, especially with the dwarf
form of the plant so common in New Jersey ; but in that the peduncles are
never long and reflexed.

IIypericcm. HYPERICACE^?^. If)?

/ 3. A. stuns (Michx.) : stfin ancipital and somewhat winircd, strais^ht,
erect, dichotomously branched at tlie summit ; leaves oblong, closely sessile,
somewhat clasping, obtuse, a little glaucous; Howers on erect peduncles;
exterior sepals cordate-orbicular; inner ones lanceolate, one-third shorter than
the others; styles 3 (rarely 4) ; capsule ovate, rather acute. — Mirhx.f. 2. p.
77; DC. prodr. \. p. 555. A. hypericoides, Linn. 7 ; Willd.sp. 3. p. 1473 7;
Ell. sk. 2. p. 22.

13. obuvalum (Chapman ! mss.): dwarf; leaves obovate, somewhat nar-
rowed at the base.

Borders of sandy swamps in pine barrens, NeAV Jersey ! to Florida ! Ala-
bama! and Louisiana ! ^ff. Middle Florida, /?r. C/ia/>?nan .' July-August.
— Stem 1-2 feet high, usually simple except at the summit; in /?. 4-5 inches
high. Leaves 12-15 lines long, 4-5 lines wide. Flowers usually three to-
gether, more than twice as large as in the preceding species : pedicels 4-6
lines long. Exterior sepals slightly acute : inner ones somewhat petaloid.
Petals ovate, twice as long as the calyx. Stamens very numerous. Styles
somewhat spreading. Capsule obtusely triangular: placenta? somewhat
prominent. Seeds ovate, longitudinally and transversely striate. — We have
adopted Michaux's name for this species, it being wholly uncertain whether
A. hypericoides, Linn, should be referred to this or the preceding species.

-p-4. A. amplexicaule (Michx.): stem nearly terete below, erect, dichoto-
mously branched above, the branches somewhat ancipital; leaves broadly
ovate-cordate, clasping ; flowers erect ; exterior sepals nearly orbicular ; inner
ones linear-lanceolate, rather shorter; styles 3, distinct; capsule oblong. —
Mich.v. Jl. 2. 11 ; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 374 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 23. A. stans, Willd.
sp. 3. p. 1473. Hypericum tetrapetalum, Lam. diet. 4. p. 146.

Near St. Mary's, Georgia, Elliott, Dr. Bacon! jMts. Miller ! Florida,
Michaux! — Stem 1-2 feet high, more branching above than the preceding
species. Leaves J of an inch long, more than half an inch broad at the base.
Flowers when expanded more than an inch in diameter. Petals one-third
longer than the calyx. Stamens very numerous. Styles a Uttle spreading.
Capsule half the length of the calyx, attenuated at the summit : placentaj lin-
ear, at length separating from the valves. Seeds cylindrical-oblong, longi-
tudinaUy and transversely striate. — Easily distinguished from A. stans by its
broad clasping leaves.

j4- 5. A. microsepalum : stem nearly terete, much branched ; leaves (very
small) oblong-linear, crowded; flowers erect, on long peduncles; sepals
much shorter than the obovate unequal petals ; styles 3, long, distinct.

Georgia, Croom ! Middle Florida, Dr. Alexander ! March and April.
— Stem erect?, afoot or more high, paniculately branched. Leaves 4-5
lines long and a line wide, a little narrowed below. Flowers large and ra-
ther showy, clustered at the summit of the branches ; the peduncles about
half an inch long. Sepals nearly equal in length; the exterior one about a
third broader than the others. Petals more than twice as long as the sepals,
one of them usually much shorter than the others. Styles filiform, longer
than the ovary. — This species diSers from all the others of the genus in the
somewhat equal and very small sepals, as *'ell as in the long style : it has
the habit of Hypericum.

2. HYPERICUM. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 643 ; Chois. I. c. (in part.)

Hypericum & Sarothra of Authors.

Sepals 5, more or less connected at the base, usually somewhat equal, foli-
aceous. Petals 5, oblique and often inequilateral. Stamens very numerous,
or sometimes few, united at the base into 3-5 parcels, or occasionally distinct.

158 HYPERICACE.E. Hypericuivt.

Glands between the parcels ot filaments none. Styles 3-5, distinct or
more or less united, persistent. Capsule usually membranaceous, 1-ceIIed
with 3-5 parietal placentse, or 3-5-celled by the placentae meeting in the axis. —
Herbaceous or shrubby plants. Flowers yellow, solitary or cymose at the
summit of the stem and branches.

§ 1. Stamens very numerous, 'polyadelphous : capsule 5- {rarely 6-7-)
celled ; the dilated placentce retrojiexed into the middle of the cells.
Perennial herbs : leaves ample: flowers very large.

.' 1. H. pyramida.tum (Ait.) : stem quadrangular and usually branching
above ; leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, partly clasping, mem-
branaceous, minutely pellucid-punctate ; sepals ovate or oblong, acute, scarce-
ly one-third the length of the petals ; styles as long as the stamens, connate
below, at length distinct.— ^(7. A'eii'. (ed. 1.) 3. p. 103; Wilkl. sp. 3. p.
1444; Vent.^Malmais. t. US; J)C. prodr. 1. p. 545. H. amplexicaule,
Lam. diet. 4. p. 141. H. macrocarpon, M?c/(.:r. fl. 2. p. 82. H. ascyroides,
IVilld. I. c; Pursh, ft. 2. p. 374; Bigel. ft. Bost. p. 279 ; DC. I. c; Hook,
ft. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 109.

Banks of rivers, Canada ! to Pennsylvania ! Avest to Ohio. July. — Stem
2-5 feet high, nearly terete below: branches erect, 4-angled ; tAvo of the
angles often much strongest. Leaves 2-5 inches long, acutish or sometimes
obfuse. Flowers li inch in diameter, few or solitary at the ends of the
branches, usually several in a leafy cyme at the summit of the stem ; the
central flowers on short pedicels; the lateral peduncles often elongated and
1-flowered. Petals obliquely and rather narrowly obovate, sometimes 6.
Styles occasionally 6 or 7, recurved at the extremity : stigmas capitate. Cap-
sule ovoid-conical, an inch long. Seeds terete, slender, with a slightly wing-
ed raphe.— We are confident that there is but a single North American spe-
cies of this section, upon which the H. pyramidatum of Alton must have
been founded : we therefore adopt the oldest name. We have not seen the
figure of Ventenat: the character "'stylis brevibus crassis," Choisy, in DC.
is not applicable to our plant,

§2. Stamens very numerous, more or less j)olyadelphous: capside 3-5-
celled by the meeting of the placentce in the axis: placentce either dis-
tinct or more or less cohering with each other, seminiferous posteriorly
{ne.vt the valves.) Perennial herbs or under-shrub$.

* Shrubby : capsule pcnlacarpcllanj.

v^ 2. H. Kalmianum ("Linn.) : very much corymbosely branched; branches
quadrangular with 2 ol the angles slightly Avinged ; leaves croAvded, Hnear-
sublanceolate ; obtuse, a little narroAved t'oAvard the base ; cymes fastigiate,
3-7-iiowered ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, rather obtuse, about half the length of
the petals ; styles connate at the base.— Willd. sp. 3. p. 1438 ; Pursh, fl. 2.
p. 374 ; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 109.

Banks of rivers, Canada and around the Great Lakes ; Falls of Niagara,
Cooper! &c. Fort Gratiot, Dr. Pitcher ! (Virginia, Kalm ex Linn.; but
Kalm's specimens we suspect Avere collected in Canada.) August. — A shrub
li feet high. Leaves an inch long, 2-3 lines Avide, slightly glaucous, with
revolute margins. Petals obovate, very oblique. Styles hardly longer than
the ovary, very slender. Capsule ovate. — Apparently an exclusively north-
ern species.

HvPERicDM. HYPERICACEiE. 159

*♦ Shrubby or suffruuticoie : capsule tricarpeUary.

-'■ 3. //. proUficum (Linn.): stem sparini^ly branched, tho branches anci-
pital ; leaves oblonjj-lanceolate, rather obtuse, narrowed at the base ; cymes
compound, leafy ; sepals foliaceous, une(|ual, ovale, with a short abrupt point,
one-third shorter than the obovate petals ; styles at first united, at length dis-
tinct ; capsule ovate-oblonsr. — Wilhl. sp. 3. /). 1453 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 30 ; DC.
prod?: 1. p. 517. H. densiflorum, Pnrsh, fl. 2. p. 376.

0. cymes few-flowered, terminal and axillary ; axils of the leaves mostly
naked ; capsule ovate-conical, large.

y. ? stem much branched ; leaves much smaller and crowded, linear-ob-
long, fascicled in the axils ; cymes compound ; flowers much smaller ; sepals
ovate-lanceolate ; capsule oblong, attenuate at the summit. — H. galioides,
Pursh! Ji. 2. p. 376. (excl. syn.)

Banks of rivers and swamps, New- Jersey ! to Florida! /?. Ohio, Riddell!
y. New-Jersey ! Texas, Dr. Veatch ! July- Aug. — Shrub 2-3 feet high.
Leaves 2-2^ inches long, 4-6 lines wide (in ;.. 1-1 i inch long ; the upper ones
often scarcely a line wide ; revolute on the margin). Flowers as large as in
H. perforatum (except my.). Petals very oblique. Capsule in^. more than
half an inch long, nearly 3 times as large as in }-• Torus conspicuous.
Seeds cylindrical, slightly curved.

-:*''" 4. H. adpressum (BsLTton) : stem 2-winged above ; leaves linear-lanceo-
late or linear-oblong, closely sessile, pellucid-punctate (without black dots),
veined, with smaller ones fascicled in the axils ; cyme few-flowered, naked ;
sepals very unequal, oblong and obovate, rather obtuse, at length reflexcd ;
petals twice as long as the sepals, oblong-obovate ; styles united to the sum-
mit ; capsule ovate-oblong.— 5aW. .' f. Philad. 2. p. 15. H. Bonaparte^,
Bart. ! fl. Ain. Sept. 3. t.

Borders of swamps in the pine barrens of New-Jersey ! Banks of the
Schuylkill near Philadelphia, Barton! Conrad! Arkansas, Nuttall ! Aug.-
Sept. — Stem about 2 feet high, somewhat shrubby at the base. Leaves 2
inches long, 3-4 lines wide, narrowed at the summit, and often also at the
base, the upper ones sometimes rather acute ; veins numerous, and appearing
translucent when the leaf is held to the light. Cymes compound. 15-20-
flowered. Flowers half as large as in H. perforatum ; the dichotomal ones
sessile. Stamens very numerous. Styles longer than the stamens, united
until the fruit is nearly mature. Capsule rarely 4-celled. Torus hemi-
spherical, very distinct. Seeds cylindrical.

5. H. Tosmarini folium (Lam.) : stem sufTrutescent, terete below, some-
what ancipital above, straight; branches few and erect; leaves linear, rather
obtuse, narroAved at the base, revolute on the margin ; cymes few-flowered,
dense, terminal ; sepals nearly equal, oblong, acute at each end ; petals obo-
vate, rounded at the summit, with an obscure lateral tooth ; style slightly
united ; capsule broadly ovate ; seeds cylindrical. — Lam. diet. 4. p. 159 ;
Willd. sp. 3. p. 1450, not of DC. prodr., nor of Ell.

Near Lexington, Kentucky, Short ! Tennessee, Cooper ! July-Aug. —
Stem about 2 feet high. Leaves 1^-2 inches long, 2 lines wide, rather dis-
tant, with a few smaller ones in the axils. Flowers about half an inch in
diameter. Capsule scarcely 2 Hues long. — The plant here described may
not be the original H. rosmarinifolium of Lamarck, whose descriptive cha-
racter is wholly insufficient.

-f" 6. H. galioides (Lara.): stem frutescent, terete; branches few and
straight, erect ; leaves linear-lanceolate, fascicled in the axils as if verticil-
late, rather obtuse, narrowed into a petiole at the base, dotted Avith large pel-
lucid glands ; cymules numerous, axillary and terminal on the paniculate
branches ; sepals nearly equal, linear-lauceolate, at length rcflexed ; petals

160 HYPERICACE^, Hwericum,

broadly obovate with an angular tooth near the summit ; filaments scarcely
polyadelphous ; styles slightly cohering ; capsules 3-lobed, oblong-conical,
with a long tapering point ; placenta scarcely extending to the axis. — Lam.
diet. 4. J). 154; Wilkl. sp. 3. p. 1451 ; BC. prodr. 1. p. 550, H. fascicu-
latum, Willd. I. c. (excl. syn.) H. rosmarinifolium, Ell. .s7c. 2. p. 20.

Damp soils, S. Carolina and Georgia, Elliotl; Middle Florida, Dr. Cliap-
man ! Red River, Louisiana, Dr. Hale ! June- Aug. — Stem 2-3 feet high,,
slender; the bark smooth and brownish. Leaves about an inch long and
li wide ; those in the axils nearly as long as the primary ones. Flowers
half as large as in H. perforatum. Torus hemispherical, very distinct.

-/ 7. H. fascicidatum (Lam.) : stem shrubby, much branched, the branches
somcAvhat ancipital; leaves linear and very narrow, crowded, coriaceous,
closely sessile, revolute, fascicled in the axils as if verticillate, with large
pellucid glands; flowers in terminal leafy cymules, or solitary and axillary j
sepals rather unequal, hnear ; petals broadly obovate, with an acute angular
tooth near the summit; filaments slightly polyadelphous ; styles somewhat
cohering ; capsule oblong-conical, with a long tapering point. — Lam. diet.
4. p. 160; Michx. fl. 2. p. 80?; Ell. sk. 2. p. 28; DC. prodr. 1. p. 554.
H. aspalathoides, iVilld. sp. 3. p. 1451; Pursh,Jl. 2. p. 376. H. tenuifo-
lium, Pursh, I. c. H. Coris? Walt. Car. p. 190. H. Michauxii, Poir.
diet. 7. p. 696 ?

/?. stem somewhat diffuse ; leaves very short, in numerous approximated
whorls ; flowers solitary and in threes towards the summit of the branches ;
sepals oblong, obtuse, scarcely one-third the length of the petals. — H. axil-
lare, Lam., diet. 4. p. 160 ?

Wet pine barrens, Georgia ! to Florida ! Louisiana, Druvimond. /?. N.
Carolina, Curtis! Kin! (in herb. Muhl.) July-Sept. — Shrubs 1-2 feet
high. Leaves 6-8 lines long (2-3 in p.). Flowers as in the preceding spe-
cies. Sepals resembling the leaves. Petals in /?. with scarcely any lateral
tooth. Seeds oblong.

* * * Herbaceous : capsule tricarpellary. (^Petals and anthers with black dots.)

8. H. perforat7im (hinn.) : stem ancipital, corymbosely branched^ leaves
ovate-elliptical, obtuse, with pellucid dots ; petals twice as long as the lance-
olate acute sepals ; styles diverging. — Willd. sp. 3. p. 1453 ; Eng. b:>t. t.
295 ; Pursh, Jl. 2. p.'377 ; Bigel. fl. Bost. p. 279 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 549;
Hook.fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 110.

Old fields, pastures, &c. throughout Canada and the United States: intro-
duced. July-Aug. — Stem 1-2 feet high. Leaves closely sessile, 6-10 lines
long, with very conspicuous dots. Flowers numerous. Stamens mostly in
3 sets. — St. Johii's-wort.

-f- 9. //. Scotderi (Hook.): stem terete below, quadrangular above; leaves
'oblong-ovate, closely sessile and somewhat clasping; not dotted ; under sur-
face with numerous prominent veins ; cyme somewhat compound ; sepals
broadly ovate, rather obtuse, one-third the length of the petals, dotted with
black; styles 3, distinct, erect. — Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 111.

8. leaves pellucid-punctate ; sepals somewhat acute.

Dry gravelly soils and limestone rocks, Oregon, Dr. Scolder ! Douglas.
(8. Rocky Mountains, Nuttall ! — About 18 inches high, sparingly branched.
Leaves | of an inch long, very obtuse. Flowers one-third smaller than in
H. perforatum. Petals sprinkled with a few black dots near the margin.

-^ 10. H. corymhosum (Muhl.) : every part of the plant marked with black
dots ; stems terete, corymbosely branched above ; leaves oblong or ovate,
somewhat clasping; cymes many-flowered, corymbed; sepals ovate, acute;
petals oblong; styles distinct, about as long as the ovary. — MiM.! in Willd.

Hypericdm. HYPERICACE^. 161

sp. 3. p. 1457, f cat. p. 71; Pwr.fA, Ji. 2. p. 377; Bigel.fi. Host. p. 280.
H. punctatuin, Beck, but. p. 61 ; JJinlingt. fi. L'ist. p. 322. H. iiiicran-
thuiii, IInok.fi. Bor.-Am. I. p. 109. H. Virginicum, Malt. Cur. p. IbO.

U{)ou woods, meadows, etc. Canada! to Pi'iiusylvauia ! west to Arkansas!
July- Aug. — Stem li-2 feet high. Leaves 1-2 inches long, closely sessile,
usually more or less clasping, rarely narrowed at the base, pellucid-punctate.
Flowers small: sepals marked with linear pellucid puncluros besides the
black dots. Petals nearly 3 times as long as tlie sepals, usually thickly dot-
ted with black. Siigmas capitate, orange-red.

/"ll. //. niacnlatnm (Walt.): every part of the plant marked with black
dots ; stem terete, glaucous, corymbosely branched above ; cymes many-How-
ered, corymbed; leaves cordate-oblong, clasping; sepals lanceoiate, acute;
glandularly denticulate on the margin ; styles OiStinei. nearly twice as long
a.s the ovary.— ir<///. Car. p. 189; Mkkx.fi. 2. p. 80; Ell. sk. 2. p. 27.
H. punctatum, Laui. diet. 4. p. 164; DC.prodr. 1. p. 547. H. micranthum,
Chats, prodr. Hyp. p. 44. t. 5, ^ in DC. I. c.

Pine barrens, South Carolina, Walter, Elliott ; Georgia, Le Conte I
Middle l^lorida, J)r. Chapman! July-Aug. — Stem 2-4 teet high, much
branched above. Leaves 1-1 i inch long, sometimes rather acute. Flowers
very numerous, as large as in the preceding species. Petals obovate-oblong.
Styles dilated and divariate at the base : stigmas capitate. Capsule conical-
ovate. Seeds roundish-ovate, minutely striate. — Nearly related to the pre-
ceding species, but probably distinct. The black dots in these species, are
minute vesicles tilled with an intensely purple coloring matter, which is so-
luble in water.

§ 3. Stamens very numeroxcs, more or less polyadelphous : capsule 1-cell-
ed, with 3 (rarely 4) parietal placentce, which are often somewhat
introfiexed but do not reach the axis, seminiferous anteriorly (next
the axis). Perennial herbs, or lo^v shrubs.

* Shrubby or suffrulicosc.

12. H. aureum (Bartram) : widely branched above, the ultimate branches
ancipital ; leaves oblong, obtuse, attenuate at the base, glaucous beneath, mi-
nutely undulate-crisped on the margin, somewhat coriaceous ; flowers large,
nearly solitary and sessile ; petals (orange-yellow) coriaceous, reflexed, longer
than the ovate unequal sepals and the excessively numerous stamens ; cap-
sule (red) ovoid-conical, almost bony, acuminate with the connate styles. —
Bartr. trav. p. 383. H. amoenum, Pursh. fi. 2. p. 375 ; Nutt. ! sen. 2. p. 16 ;
Ell. sk. 2. p. 31 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 544. H'. frondosum, Michx.fi. 2. p. 81 ? ;
Muhl.! cat. p. 11.

On the Patse-Liga creek, a branch of Flint River, Georgia, Bartram, Dr.
Boykin ! Baldwin! In South Carolina and Georgia, Lyon, ex Pursh.
June-Aug. — Shrub 2-4 feet high. Leaves li-2 inches long, half an inch or
more wide, very minutely pellucid-punctate, obscurely veined. Flowers on
very short pedicels, or ordinarily more properly sessile in the upper pair
of bract-like leaves. Petals often nearly an inch in length, somewhat rhom-
boidal-ovate, often with a lateral tooth, persistent. Capsule small, not lobed.
— A splendid, but very local species, not extending eastward beyond the
Oakmulgee River, according to Elliott & Dr. Boykin. H. frondosum, Michx.
wliich we doubtfully refer to this species, was found in Tennessee.

v^ 13. H. myrtifolium (Lam.) : stem terete, simple or corymbosely branched
above ; leaves cordate-oblong, clasping, obtuse, coriaceous and almost vein-
less,, somewhat glaucous ; cymes fastigiat^, compound, very leafy ; dichoto-
mal flowers nearlv sessile; sepals ovate, at length reflexed, about the length

21'

162 HYPERICACE^. Hypericum.

of the petals ; stamens very numerous, nearly as long as the petals; capsule
conic, coriaceous, 3-lobed, subulate Avith the connate at length distinct styles.
—Lam. did. 4. p. 180; UC. prodr. 1. p. 547. H. glaucum, Mich.r.Jl.2.
p. 78; PuTsh, fl. 2. p. 376; Ell! sk. 2. p. 32; JJC. I. c. H. rosmarini-
folium, Chois. in DC. I. c. ? not of Lam.

Fiorida, Michau.v, Mr. F. Cozze.ns ! Dr. Chapman! Dr. Alexander !
Alabama, Dr. Gates! Georgia, Le Conte ! and South Carolina. Elliott!
]V1 ay-June. — A straggling shrub, 1-2 feet high. Leaves very numerous, mi-
nutely punctate w'ith brownish somewhat pellucid dots, about an inch long ;
those of the branches of the cyme much smaller; the floral ones shorter than
the sepals : the midrib conspicuous. Sepals nearly equal, resembling the
leaves. Petals very inequilateral. Styles occasionally 4. Capsule strongly
lobed ; the placentse, though much introflexed, not reaching the axis. Seeds
ovoid, smooth,

14. H. dolabriforme (Vent.): sufTruticose ; stem decumbent at the base,
simple or branchmg above; leaves linear-lanceolate, veinlcss, spreading or
at length reflexed ; the margins revolute when old ; cyme fastigiatc, at first
few-flowered, at length divaricate and somewhat compound, scmeAvhat leafy ;
sepals unequal, ovate-lanceolate, acute, about the length of the dolabriform
petals ; capsule coriaceous, conoidal, tricarinate, acuminate ; styles united, or
at length distinct above; seeds strongly rugose transversely. — Ve7it. hort.
Cels. t. 45; Piirsh, fl. 2. p. 378; DC. prodr. 1. p. 547. H. procumbens,
Michx.! fl. 2. p. SI '; Willd. sp. 3. p. 1450 ; Purs/i, I. c; DC. I. c.

Dry hills, Kentucky, -/^/^■c7ia^^.r, Hafinesqne ! Short! July-Aug. — Stem
straggUng, 6-20 inches long, a\ ith a brownish exfoliating bark, slightly anci-
pital above. Leaves (slightly glaucous) 1-1^ inch long, closely sessile, ob-
tuse or acutish, marked with large pellucid at length brownish dots, with
smaller ones often fascicled in the axils or on short branches. Dichotomal
flowers on very short peduncles. Sepals about the length of the mature
capsule, strongly dotted ; the broader ones often with 3 pellucid nerves at
the base ; the others lanceolate. Petals obovate-cuneifonxij but very inequi-
lateral or falcate. Valves of the capsule not in the "least introflexed; but
with a salient ridge opposite the thick and cord-like placentse, giving the cap-
sule, and particularly the ovary, a somewhat triquetrous appearance. Seeds
oval, in several rows.

/' 15. H. ambigimm (Ell.) : branches numerous, compressed; leaves thin,
linear-lanceolate, narrow at the base, acute, mucronate, with a callous
whitish point ; flowers solitary and three together in the axils of the upper
leaves ; sepals as long as the petals, unequal, linear-lanceolate, attenuated at
the base; petals obliquely obovate, cuspidate on one side; styles shghtly
nnited.— Ell. sk. 2. p. 30.

Banks of rivers. Near Columbia, Georgia, Elliott ; on the Apalachicola,
Dr. Chapman! May-June. Shrub 2-4 feet high. Leaves li inch long,
2-3 lines wide. Capsule (immature) oblong, attenuated at the summit,
shorter than the foliaceous sepals.

16. H. nudifloriim (Michx.): stem branching and shrubby below;
branches quadrangular and winged ; leaves ovate-lanceolate or nearly oblong,
obtuse, pale on both sides, a little veiny, very minutely punctate with reddish
dots ; cymes pedunculate, naked, loosely flowered ; bracts setaceous ; dicho-
tomal flowers on short but distinct pedicels; sepals oblong-lanceolate or Hnear,
about half the length of the obovate petals; capsule ovoid-conic, acuminate
with the connate styles. — Michx. fl. 2. p. 78 ; Willd. sp. 3. p. 1456 ; Pursh,
ft. 2. p. 375 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 548 (excl. syn. Ait.) ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 32.

/?. leaves (smaller) oblong, somewhat attenuate at the base and often
very slightly petioled, minutely punctate with pellucid dots ; flowers rather
larger ; sepals more than half the length of the petals.

Hypehicdm. HYPERICACE^. 163

Borders of ponds and swamps, Pennsylvania (hrrb. Schweinitz .') and
N.Carolina! to Georgia ! and Louisiana. 0. Ark^in^a.'i, Dr. Lfavfinicortk!
Au<T.-S('pt. — Stems much branched below, 1-2-feet high. Leaves 1-2^
inches long, usually obtuse at the base and closely sessile, occasionally very
slightly petioled, membranaceous, the margins miimtely undulutc. Cyme
rather few-flowered. Flowers small. Sepals obtuse or acutisl*, spreading,
small. Styles (sometimes 4, Ell.) distinct at the summit. — The dots in the
leaves of this species are reddish purple when viewed by transmitted light;
but in the Arkansas variety (which complete specimens may show to be
distinct) the dots are perfectly colorless.

''^~~'i7. //. sphcerocarpnn (Michx.) : stem obscurely 4-sided, somewhat an-
cipital above; leaves linear-oblong, obtuse, with a minute callous tip, sparingly

f»elluciJ-punctate, almost veinless; cyme nearly naked, compound, peduncu-
ate; the dicliotoraal flowers sessile; sepals nearly equal, ovate, acuminate,
with a spinulose callous tip; petals three times as long the calyx; styles
closely united ; capsule globose. — Michx. Jl. 2. p. 78 ; DC. prodr. \. p. 548,
not 01 Nutt.

Rocky banks of Kentucky Riv% Short ! Michaux. July — Stem 1-2
feet high, shrubby at the base ? (herbaceous, Michaux), branching from the
middle upward. Leaves l-2i inches long, 2-5 lines wide, of nearly the
same width throughout, closely sessile, without black dots. Cyme at length
many times dichotomous, and rather crowded. Sepals somewhat colored
in the middle and striate with parallel lines. Petals with a minute callous
projection on one side below the summit. Ovary ovate, about one-third the
length of the tapering united styles. Torus indistinct. Capsule exactly glo-
bose, coriaceous ; the placenta? not inflexed. Seeds (immature) fewer than
usual (about 20 ?), corrugated, with a distinct winged raphe. — A rare and
very distinct species.

18. H. opacum : stems 2-winged ; leaves linear-oblong, obtuse, closely
sessile, somewhat coriaceous, opaque, punctate Avith minute brown dots,
veinless"; cyme compound, naked ; the dichotomal flowers sessile ; sepals
very unequal, obovate and oblong ; petals somewhat dolabriform, twice as
long as the sepals; styles united to the summit; capsule globose-ovate,
3-lobed by the inflexion of the dorsal sutures.

G'orgia, Mrs. Miller! Dr. Loomis! Alabama, Dr. Gates f—Shnih
about 2 feet high, with slender branches, quadrangular, with 2 of the angles
distinctly winged. Leaves somewhat shining, scarcely an inch long, with a
few smaller ones fascicled in the axils. Flowers one-third as large as in H.
perforatum. Capsule nearly twice as long as the calyx, obtusely 3-lobed,
and with the placentas also slightly introflexed. Seeds oblong, finely striate
and wrinkled.

* ♦ Herbaceous.

19. H.pilosum (Walt.): scabrous-tomentose ; stem simple, virgate, terete ;
leaves ovate-lanceolate, usually appressed, closely sessile and somewhat
clasping ; cymes I'ew-flowered ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, unequal, acute, much
shorter than the petah. ; styles (often 4) distinct, as long as the ovary; cap-
sule ovate. — Walt. Car. p. 190; Nutt.! gen. 2. p. 23; DC. prod'r. 1. p.
549. H. simplex, Michx. Jl. 2. p. 80 ; Pursh.fi. 2. p. 370 ; Nu'.t. ! I. c; Ell.
sk. 2. p. 26; UC. I. c. H. Virainianum, &c. Pink. aim. t. 245. / 6, f
amalth. i. 421./! 3. Ascyrum villosum, Linn. ; Wiild. sp. 3. p. 1474.

Wet pine barrens. South Carolina ! to Florida! west to Louisiana I June-
Sept. — (T) Hairs of the pubescence moniliform. Stem li-2i feet high, per-
fectly simple except at the summit, which is somewhat co.^'mbosely branched.
Leaves about half an inch long, sometimes a little alternate at the base, very

164 HYPERICACEJ2. Hypehiccm.

rarely spreading. Flowers 5-6 lines in diameter. Petals obovate, involute
when old. Stamens distinctly polyadelphous. Capsule as long as the sepals:
placentae a little introflexed. Seeds oval, finely striate longitudinally.

/' 20. H. angulosum, (Michx.) : stem acutely quadrangular, simple below,
corymbosely ^branched above ; leaves oblong-lanceolate or subovate, acute,
closely sessile*and somewhat clasping, nearly opaque, very obscurely dotted ;
cymes compound, naked, the ultimate branches bearing alternate distant
flowers ; sepals unequal, ovate, acute ; petals 3 times as long as the sepals,
obovate, with an angular tooth near the summit ; styles distinct, nearly 3
times as long as the ovary ; capsule ovate. — Michx. ft. 2. p. 78 ; Pursh, f.
2. p. 387 ; Ell. sk. 2: p. 25; BC. prodr. 1. p. 546. "H. denticulatum, Walt.
Car. p. 190.

Wet places in pine barrens. New Jersey ! to Florida ! June-Aug.— Stem
1^-2 feet high, simple the greater part' of its length, often corymbosely
branched above. Leaves 8-12 lines long, rather thick, usually erect, indis-
tinctly veined, shorter than the internodes ; the upper ones sometimes
Unear. Cymes often decompound, (occasionally reduced almost to a solitary
flower) ; t!ie divisions appearing racemose from the abortion of one of the
forks at each subdivision of the cyme. Petals about half an inch long, cop-
per-colored. Capsule shorter than the calyx : placentae somewhat introflex-
ed. Seeds oval, smooth.— We have not restored Walter's name to this
species, where it most probably belongs, as there is a H. denticulatum of
Kuntli which has been long established.

/ 21. H. elliptmtm (Hook.) : stem quadrangular, simple below, somewhat
branched at the summit ; leaves elliptical, very obtuse, closely sessile, pel-
lucid-punctate ; cyme nearly naked; sepals oblong, very unequal, spread-
ing ; styles 3. connate nearly to the summit ; capsule ovate-globose. — Hook,
ft. Bor'.-Am. 1. p. 110. H. sphoerocarpon, Bart.! jl. Philad. 2. p. 14 ; Nutt.!
gen. 2. p. 16, not of Mich.r.

Moist grounds along rivers, Canada ! Northern and Western parts of
New-York ! Banks of the Connecticut! NeAv Jersey, Mr. Collins! Penn-
sylvania near Philadelphia, Barton ! July.— Stem 10-20 inches high.
Leaves an inch long, marked with obscure brownish dots, somewhat clasp-
ing or a little narrowed at the base. Cyme usually few-flowered. Flowers
pale orange. Petals obovate, one-third longer than the sepals. Styles as
long as the ovary, separating when old : stigmas minute, subcapitate. Cap-
sule shorter than the calyx; the placentae somewhat introflexed. Seeds
oval, minutely striate and rugulose.

§ 4. Stam.ens 5-20, distinct ■: capsule 1-celled, with 3 strictly parietal
placentce: styles 3, distinct, short. Annual.

* Stem simple below, dichotomously cym.ose above, loith a dichotomal {terminal) flower

in each division.

-h 22. H. mutiluvi (Linn.) : stem quadrangular, usually much branched ;
leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, clasping, 5-nerved, pellucid-punctate; cymes
leafy ; sepals lanceolate, rather longer than the oblong petals ; stamens 6-12 ;
capsule ovate-conical.— Lni/z. syst. 2- p. 511. H. quinquenervium, Walt.
Car. p. 199 ; Micluv. fl. 2. p. 79 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 550 ; Hook. f. Bor.-Am.
1. «. 110; DarUngt.' fl. Cest. p. 323. H. prviflorum, Muhl. ! in Willd.
sp. 3. p. 1457 ; Pursh, Jl. 2. p. 376 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 24. H. stellarioides, H.
B. ^ h. nov. gen. ^ sp. 5. p. 196 (ex Choisy).

Low g>-ounds, Canada! to Florida! and west to Arkansas! Texas,
Drummond! July-Sept.— Stem 6-12 inches high, slender, sometinies
nearly or quite simple. Leaves about f of an inch long, thin ; lateral veins

Hypericum. IIYPERICACE^. 165

obscure. Flowers very small ; those in the forks of the cyme pedicel-
late. Styles somewhat spreading: stiij;mas capitate. Capsule a little lonc;er
than the calyx. Seeds cylindrical-oblona. — In specimens from Maryland
and Arkansas, the stem is nearly simple, the leaves more remote, and the
cyme few-flowered; but they appear to be mere variations from the ordinary
form of the plant.

-/- 23. II. Canadenso. (Linn.): stem quadrano^nlar, with erect branches;
leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, narrowed at the base, pellucid-punctate and
with black dots beneath ; sepals lanceolate, very acute, longer than the i)e-
tals and shorter than the oblong-conical capsule ; stamens 5-10. — Willd. sjt.
3. p. 1455; jMicha: ft. 2. p. 79; Pursh,Ji. 2. p. 378; Ell. sk. 2. p. 24 ; DC.
prodr. \.p. 550; Hook. ft. Bor.-Am. 1. «. 110; Darlingt.Jl. Ct'st. p. 324.

Wet places, particidarly in sandy soils, Canada! and INcwfoundland, to
Georgia! June-Aug.— Stem 6-12 inches high, slender. Leaves usually
about an inch long and 1-2 lines wide; sometimes nearly lanceolate, ob-
scurely 3-nerved. Sepals unequal. Petals oblong, orange. Styles shorter
than the ovary, (rarely 4 or 5) somewhat clavate : stigmas capitate. Cap-
sule very acute, usually about twice as long as the sepals. Seeds cylindri-
cal, yellow.

* ♦ Stems rather rigid, dichotomously or irregularly much branched from near the
■kase : /lowers distant and somewhat racemose on the branches : leaves subulate
jor narrowly linear, appresscd. (Sarothra, Linn.)

f^24r. H. Sarothra (Michx.): stem and branches filiform, quadrangular;
leaves very minute, subulate, carinate ; flowers sessile; stamens 5-10; cap-
sule conical, elongated, twice the length of the linear-lanceolate sepals.
—Mich.v.Ji. 2. p. 79 ; Pvrah, fl. 2. p. 78 ; Darlingt. fi. Cesl. p.^ 324. H.
Rudicaule, Walt. Car. p. 190. ' Sarothra gentianoides, l>inn.; Willd. sp. 1.
p. 1515; Ell. sk. I. p. 371; Grev. ^ Book, in hot. misc. 3. p. 236. S.
hypericoides. Nutt.! gen. 2. p. 204 ; Bart. ji. Am. Sept. 3. t. 92. / 1.

Sandy fields and road sides, Canada ! to Florida! and west to the Missis-
sippi ! June-Aug. — Stem 4-10 inches high, appearing naked from the very
minute appressed leaves; branches slender and wiry, at first diverging, at
length nearly erect. Leaves 1-2 lines long, resembling stipules. Flowers
very minute. Petals oblong-hnear, longer than the calyx. Styles spreading:
stigmas capitate. Capsule dark purple, very acute. Seeds extremely minute
oblong, yellowish ; inner integument thick and slightly fleshy.— This plant is
without doubt a genuine Hypericum, although it is excluded from the genus
and from the order Hypericacese by most botanists. The inner integument
is mostly thicker than usual, in this and the following species, so that it has
been mistaken by Gsertner and others for albumen.

"'■25. H. Drummondii: stem and branches rather stout, terete below, quad-
rangular above ; leaves narrowly linear, longer than the internodes ; flowers
pedicellate ; stamens 10-20 ; capsule ovate, shorter than the lanceolate sepals.
— Sarothra Drummondii, Grev. ^ Hook. I. c. t. 107.

Near St. Louis, Missouri, and near New Orleans, Drummond, Dr. In-
galls ! Arkansas, Dr. Pitcher ! Dr. Leavenworth! Milledgeville, Geor-
gia, Dr. Boykin ! July-Sept.— Stem 10-18 inches high : the branches
almost al .vays ahernate. Leaves G-8 lines long, acute, marked with opaque
dots. Flowers 3 times as large as in the preceding species : pedicels 2-4 lines
long. Sepals unequal, shorter than the oblong petals. Capsule 2i lines
long. Seed 30-40, oval, about lO-rilabed, and transversely lacunose, 5 or 6
times as large as in H. Sarothra.

166 HYPERICACEiE. HypEaicDJii

J Species which have 7iot fallen under our observation.

* Shrubby.

26. H. elatum (Ait.) : trigynous; sepals lanceolate-ovate, acute ; stamens
loncrer than the corolla ; stem shrubby ; leaves ovate-oblong. Ait. Kew. {ed.
l.)\ p. 104.

The H. elatum figured by Jussieu (in ann. mus. 3. i. 17.), is probably dif-
ferent from Alton's plant, and is doubtless not a native of North America.

27. H.Jastigiatum (EH.) : branches somewhat compressed; leaves nar-
rowly lanceolate, very acute ; corymbs terminal, many-flowered, fastigiate;
styles united. Ell. sk. 2. p. 31, not of H. B. <^ K.

Pine barrens of Scriven county, Georgia. May-July. — Shrub 3 feet high.
Leaves about 3 inches long, tapering yet connate at the base. Corymbs
with solitary flowers nearly sessile in the lower divisions. Styles not sepa-
rating as the pod matures. Elliott. — We have no specimens which agree
with this description.

♦ * Herbaceous.

28. H. Icevioratum (Ait.) : trigynous; leaves ovate, somewhat clasping; se-
pah ovate, acute; panicle trichotomous, the intermediate flower sessile. Ait.
Kew. {ed. 1.) 3. p. 106.

Referred by Willdenow and most succeeding authors to H. nudiflorum;
but the dichotomal flowers in that species are not sessile. Perhaps H. angu-
losum, or H. eliipticum.

29. H. sessilijlorwn (Spreng.): trigynous; branches terete ; leaves half-
clasping, cordate-oblong, veinless, punctate ; corymb terminal, with the flow-
ers nearly sessile ; sepals oblong, acute, foliaceous, much longer than the co-
rolla; styles united. Spreng. syst. 3. p. 346.

Described from a specimen in Willdenow's herbarium. Probably H. myr-
tifolium.

30. H. virgatum (Lam.) : stem straight, 4-angled ; leaves ovate-lanceo-
late slightly clasping, punctate with black dots, re volute on the margins ; pa-
nicle dichotomous, few-flowered ; sepals lanceolate; styles 2-3; stigmas capi-
tate. DC— Lam. diet. 4. p. 158 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 547.

■■/ 31. H. cistifolium (Lam.): stem angular; leaves ovate-oblong, rather
acute somewhat clasping, punctate with black dots beneath, revolute on the
maro-ins ; flowers in dichotomous corymbs ; sepals ovate ; styles united. DC.
I. c.—Lam. diet. 4. p. 158.

32. H. hedyotifolium (Foir.): stem straight, 4-angled ; leaves sessile, de-
cussate, lanceolate, rather acute, appressed, not pellucid-punctate, but with
black dots beneath ; sepals linear-lanceolate, with black dots ; styles 3-4 ;
stigmas capitate. DC. I. c.—Poir. diet. 7. p. 700.

Doubtless H. angulosum.

33. H. triplinerve (Vent.): stem herbaceous, 3-angled, decumbent at the
base ; leaves Unear, much spreading, obtuse, with revolute margins ; sepals
ovate, acute ; petals unequal. DC— Vent. hort. Cels. t. 58 ; DC prodr. 1.

p. 552.

On the banks of the Ohio, Michaux, ex lent.— We have not seen the
fio-ure and original description of this species ; but the character given by
Pursh which is apparently taken from Ventenat, includes several important
partic'j'a-'^ not mentioned by Choisy ; whose elaboration of the species of
Hypericum in De Candolle's Prodromus is far froiB satisfactory. The stem
is said by Pursh to be erect, the leaves triplinerved, the flowers as large as in
H. perforatum, and the sepals and petals glandulose-serrate.

Elodea. HYPERICACEiE. 167

34. H. anagalloides (Cham. & Schlecht.) : stem herbaceous, procumbent
and creeping; leaves ovate, obtuse, 5-7-nerved, very minutely iiellucid-punc-
tate; cyme terminal, leafy, few-flowered, not glandulose; sepals obovate,

shorter than the corolla ; capsule ; stamens 15-20, distinct ; styles 3,

distinct. Cham. <^ Schlecht. in Limia'a, 3. p. 127.

St. Francisco, California.— Leaves membranaceous, 5-7-nerved ; the larg-
est about 6 lines long ; the lower ones much smaller. Dichotomal flowers pe-
duncled. Ckam. <f .Sc/i/ec'i^.— Allied to H. humifusum, according to the
authors cited ; and apparently also to H. mutiium.

35. //. aciitifotmm. (Ell.) : stem herbaceous?, branching, glabrous ; leaves
narrowly lanceolate, acute; panicle many-flowered; capsules scarcely longer
than the calyx. Ell. sk. 2. p. 26.

Milledgeville, Georgia, Dr. fiVii/Zrin.— Resembles most the H . Canadense,
but larger in every rc-pecl: it differs also in its acute leaves, proportionally
short capsule, and much more compact panicle. Elliott.

H. rostrtUvm, Raf. fl. Ludov.
H. fulgidum, Raf. fl. Ludov.

3. ELODEA. Adans. ; Nutt. gen. 2. p. 17 ; Spach, in ann. sci. nat.
(ser. 2.) 5. p. 165, not of Michx.

Triadenium, Baf. Species of Hypericum, Linn. <^c.

Sepals 5, equal, somewhat united at the base. Petals 5. deciduous, equila-
teral. Stamens 9 (rarely 12-15), triadelphous ; the parcels alternating with
3 hypogynous glands. Styles 3, distinct. Capsule oblong, membranaceous,
3-celled : the placentae somewhat cohering in the axis, at length separating
from the valves. — Perennial glabrous or slightly glaucous herbs. Leaves
membranaceous, pellucid-punctate, and often with a few black dots (the ax-
ils never leafy). Cymules few-flowered, terminal and in the axils of the
upper leaves, pedunculate or subsessile : flowers dull orange-purple,

Spach has very well characterized this genus ; but we have been obliged to re-
duce his seven species to two.

-^ 1. E. Virginica (Nuit.) : leaves sessile, clasping ; stamens united below
the middle.— ,¥««. .' gen. 2. p. 17 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 33 ; Spach, I.e. E. cam-
panulata, Pitrsh, Jl. 2. p. 379. E. Drummondii & Fraseri, Spach, I. c.
Hypericum Virginicum, Linn. ; Michx. fl. 2. p. 81 ; Andr. hot. rep. t. 552;
DC. prodr. 1. p. 546 ; Bigel. fl. Bost. p. 281 ; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 322.
H. campanulatum, Walt. Car. p. 191.

Swamps, Canada to Florida! and Louisiana! July-Aug.— Plant 1-2
feet high, often of a puri)lish hue. Stem nearly terete, branching. Leaves
oblong, 1-2 inches or a little more in length, somewhat glaucous underneath.
Axillary cymes mostly about 3-flowered ; the terminal one often compouiid.
Petals obovate-oblong, nearly twice the length of the calyx, marked with
reddish veins. Stamens rarely 12 or more, always triadelphous ; the fila-
ments seldom united more than one-third of their length, shorter than the pe-
tals. Glands ovate, orange, secreting a copious sweetish fluid. Capsule ob-
scurely triangular, nearly twice the length of the calyx when mature, rather
acute. Seeds oblong, very numerous.

168 FRANKENIACEvE. Frankenia.

. 2. E. petiolata (Pursh) : leaves attenuated into a petiole ; filaments unit-
ed above the middle— Pursh! ft. 2. p. 379; NiM. 1. c; Ell. I. c. E. tubu-
losa, axillaris, pauciflora, & floribunda ! Spach, I. c. Hypericum petiolatum,
Walt. Car. p. 191. H. axillare, Michx. ft. 2. p. 81. H. paludosum, Chois.
prodr. Hyper. ^ in DC. I. c.

Swamps, New-Jersey! to Florida! west to Kentucky! and Arkansas!
Aug.-Sept.— Plant about 2 feet high. Leaves oblong, narrowed at the base,
lJ-3 inches long, with a short but usually distinct petiole. Cymules mostly
axillary and 3-flowered, on short peduncles or nearly sessile. Flowers rather
smaller than in E. Virginica, and of the same color. Sepals obtuse, scarcely
one-third the length of the mature capsule. Seeds cylindrical-oblong.

X Doubtful species.

3. E. tubiilosa (Pursh) : leaves sessile ; corolla tubular [?] ; filaments
united above the middle. Wall..— Pursh, ft. 2. p. 379. Hypericum tubulo-
sum. Walt. Car. p. 191.

South Carolina, Walter.— Thi^ species has never been identified by any
of our botanists. There is doubtless some mistake about the tubular corolla.

Order GUTTIFERtE.— The fi^^ore of Clr.sia rosea in Catcshy, C«r. f. 99, was
most probab!}' taken from a West Indian specimen ; it has n©t been found in Caro-
lina. We have received, however, the leaves of a species of Clusia (probably C. ro-
sea), from the extreme southern part of Florida.

Order XXII. FRANKENIACE^, A. St. HU.

Sepals 5, united in a furrowed tube, persistent, equal. Petals alter-
nate with the sepals, hypogynous, unguiculate, with appendages at the
base of the limb. Stamens hypogynous, either equal in number to the
petals and alternate with them, or having a tendency to double the
number : anthers roundish, versatile. [Ovary 1-celled with 2-3 pa-
rietal placentsB : styles 2-3, filiform, united for a considerable part of
their length.] Capsule l-celled, enclosed in the calyx, 2-3- or 4.valved,
many-seeded. Seeds attached to the margins of the valves, very mi-
nute [anatropous]. Embryo straight, erect in the midst of albumen. —
Herbaceous plants or under-shrubs. Stems very much branched.
Leaves opposite, exstipulate, with a membranous sheathing base, often
revolute at the edge. Flowers sessile in the divisions of the branches,
and terminal, embosomed in leaves, usually pink. Lindl.

1. FRANKENIA. Linn. ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 3i9.

Styles 3, united below, stigmatose along the inner surface. Capsule locu-
licidal, many-seeded.

1. F. grandifolia (Cham. & Schlecht.) : leaves obovate-cuneifonn, mu-
cronulate, with revolute margins, rather coriaceous, very minutely hairy and

t>ARONvcHiA. ILLECEBRACE.52. 169

ciliate particular!}^ at the base ; stems prostrate ; branches ami calyx minutely
hairy. Cham, f Schlecht. in Limum, 1. p. 35; If am. 4- Sclinll. .s//.s/. l.p.
70; Hook. (^ Am. bot. Beechey, p. 135. F. latifolia, Presl, rel. Hank.;
lia-m. f SchuK. I. c. 7. p. \(Sn. Velezia latifolia, Eschscltoltz, in mem.
acod. St. Petersb. (5. ser.) 10. fide SchJerht. in Linntva, 3. p. 149.

Soa-shore of Calilornia, Chamisso, K.^chschoUz, Nultall .'—^temswoody
at the base, a span high. Leaves half an inch long, connected at the base
by a hairy stipular membrane. Stamens 6-7. Capsule 3-valved.

Order XXIII. ILLECEBRACEiE. R. Br.

Paronychieje and a part of Caryophyllacea;, ^. St. Ilil. ; DC.

Sepals 5, distinct or united at the base, persistent. Petals alternate
with the sepals, sometimes manifest, often minute and resembling
sterile filaments, frequently wanting. Stamens as many as the sepals
and opposite them, or fewer, rarely twice as many, inserted with the
petals into the edge of the perigynous (rarely hypogynous) disk that
lines the base of the sepals : filaments subulate, usually short : anthers
fixed by the middle, introrse. Ovary l-celled by the obliteration of
the dissepiments, sometimes imperfectly 2-5-ceUed : styles 2-5, either
distinct or partially (sometimes almost wholly) combined, stigmatose
along the inner surface. Fruit an utricle, with a solitary seed borne
on a slender funiculus rising from the base of the cell, or a 2-5.valved
l-celled many. seeded capsule, with the placenta in the axis. Seeds
campulitropous. Embryo more or less curved around the outside of
mealy albumen. — Herbaceous or rarely suffrutescent branching plants,
with opposite or fascicled (rarely alternate) entire mostly sessile
leaves, and scarious stipules. Flowers often minute, axillary or termi-
nal, cymose or glomerate, or sometimes nearly solitary in the axils of
the leaves : bracts usually similar to the stipules.

Tribe I. ILLECEBREiE. DC.

Sepals often cuspidate or awned, usually more or less cucullate or
concave at the apex internally. Petals resembling sterile filaments,
or none. Styles or stigmas 2, distinct or united. Utricle l-seeded. —
Leaves opposite, often crowded and fascicled.

1. PARONYCHIA. ( Tourn.) Juss. mem. mus. 2. p. 388.

Sepals (oblong- or linear) united at the base, cuspidate or awned at the
apex ; the inner portion membranaceous and colored, cucullate or concave at
the summit. Petals none, or represented by 5 minute filaments or hnear
scales. Stamens 5, inserted into the edge of the disk that lines the base
of the sepals within. Styles more or less united : stigmas 2. Utricle inclu-
ded in the connivent sepals.

22

170 ILLECEBRACEiE. Paronychia.

§ 1. Annual: sepals similar, dilated and fornicate at the apex within,
produced posteriorly into a divaricate horn or awn: Jlowers cymose.
— (Chjetonychia, DC. ?)

1. P. Drummondii: minutely pubescent; stem erect, branching above
into numerous cymes ; leaves (of the branches) linear-oblong, short, the
uppermost mucronate ; calyx turbinate at the base, with a ring of hooked
hairs; sepals broadly scarious and dilated above, the back produced into a
short somewhat recurved horn ; sterile setfE very minute.

Texas, Drummond I (2nd Coll. no. 93)— Stem stout, 10 inches high.
Leaves of the stem wanting in the specimen ; of the branches rigid, hispidly
canescent, i an inch long, attenuate at the base ; the uppermost smaller and
bract-like. Stipules ovate, with a slender acumination, shorter than the
leaves. Ultimate bracts (bracts? and stipules of bracts) scarious, ciliate,
shorter than the flower. Sepals reddish-brown, the scarious margins and
horn white. Stamens much shorter than the sepals. Sterile seta? perhaps
often Avanting. Style very short.— This species manifestly belongs to the
section Chsetonychia, DC.
_,, 2. P. setae ea : nearly glabrous : stem erect, branching into the many times
' dichotomous diffuse cyme ; leaves subulate-setaceous, erect ; bracts similar,
cuspidate ; sepals hairy at the base, minutely scarious on the margin, the
apex arched within, the back produced into a slender diverging awn ; sterile
setse as long as the filaments.

Texas, Drummond ! (3rd Coll. no. 33.)— Slender, 3-5 inches high. Leaves
about the length of the internodes. Stipules shorter, lanceolate, attenuate
into a long point. Sepals (and also peduncles and leaves) brownish, oblong-
linear : awn straight, whitish, someAvhat shorter than the sepals. Styles the
length of the utricle, distinct more than half-way down.

§ 2. Perennial : sepals similar, cuspidate or axvned, the apex some-
what cucullate or concave within, but not dilated: flowers in dichoto-
mous cymes or axillary glomerules, or sometimes nearly solitary.—

EUNYCHIA, DC.

The species with the flowers enveloped by scarious bracts may perhaps forrn a
separate section (Argyronychia) : P. dichotoma (Ploltzia, Am.) cannot be distin-
guished as a genus.

,> 3. P. sessilifiora (Nutt.): very densely csespitose, much branched and
^ crowded : leaves imbricated, linear-subulate ; the lowermost erect, obtuse ; the
upper longer, recurved-spreading, acute or mucronate, rather longer than the
2-cleft stipules ; flowers tenninaL, soUtary, sessile ; sepals arched at the apex
within, with divergent setaceous awns rather shorter than the sepals ; sterile
seta; as long as the filaments.— M(«. .' gen. 1. p. 160; DC.prodr. 3. p. 372;
Hook. .'ft. Bar. -Am. 1 p. 226. t. 75.

Hills of the Missouri near Fort Mandan (NuttaU) to the Saskatchawan
(lat. 53°), Drummond! June-Sept.— Root (caudex) ligneous, perpendicu-
lar. Branches very dense, 2 inches high. Sepals oblong-linear, obscurely
3-nerved. Style as long as the sepals, 2-cleft at the apex.
// 4. P. Jamesii: minutely scabrous-pubescent, csespitose, much branched
from the base ; leaves linear-subulate, obtuse (the uppermost mucronate) ;
cymes dichotomous, few-flowered, crowded, with a central subsessile flower
in each division ; sepals minutely hairy at the base, linear-oblong, obscurely
3-ribbed or even, with a very short cusp, arched at the summit Avithin ; sterile
setae as long as the filaments.— P. dichotoma ? Torr. ! in ann. lye. New-
York, 2. p. 290.

Paronychia. ILLECEBRACE/E. 171

0. depressa: dwarf, densely dichotornous; leaves and stipules imbricated
on the short branches ; liowers nearly immersed in the leaves.— P. depressa,
NiUt. ! mss.

Rocky Mountains, lat. 41=", Dr. James! Nutlall ! /?. " On the barren
plains of the Rocky Mountains (lat. 4P), and on the plains of the Oregon."
Nuttall .'—Stems 4-6 inches high. Leaves on theflowerint? branches about
half an inch long, slightly 2-sulcate, about the length of the internodes. Sti-
pules shorter than the leaves, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, or setose ; the
point much shorter than in P. dichotoma ; the flowers smaller, fewer, and
more crowded ; the cusp stouter and confluent with the arched inner por-
tion. Calyx obpyramidal at the base. Style 2-cleft \ of its length. The
H. depressa has the branches crowded with leaves to the summit; the sti-
pules are nearly the length of the leaves, and the flowers are scarcely cymose.

5. P. dichotoma (Nutt.) : glabrous, densely csespitose and branching from
the thick procumbent ligneous base; leaves subulate, mucronate ; cymes
manv times dichotornous, without central flowers, diffuse, fastigiate; bracts
similar to the leaves ; sepals linear, 3-ribbed, cuspidate, slightly cucullate at
the apex within; sterile seta; very short. — Nutt. ! gen. 1. p. 159; lJC.prodt\
3. ;). 372. Achvranthes dichotoma, Linn. mant. p. 51 ; Willd. sp. 1. p.
1196. Plottzia dichotoma, Am. in Limll. nat. syst. ed. 2. p. 441.

On rocks around Harper's Ferrv, Virginia ! N. Carolina, Schn-einitz !
Arkansas, NiUtaU ! Dr. Leavenworth! Texas, Dritmmoiul! July-Nov.
— Flowering stems 6-12 inches high, nearly simple. Leaves an inch or
more in length (those of the flowering stems larger than the internodes ; of
the barren stems imbricated), erect, 2-sulcate beneath, about i a line wide.
Stipules lanceolate, piliferous ; the adjacent ones more or less united. Se-
gals yellowish, the base lined with a Avhitish disk. Style filiform, nearly as
ougas the sepals, cleft usually about i its length.— Separated from Parony-
chia by Arnott, who however did not observe the 2-cleft style and the mi-
nute sterile sets, which indeed are not easily detected in dried specimens.
P. Jamesii connects it with other species of the genus. Nuttall's syno-
nym, " Illecebrum dichotomum, Tf7//c/." is perhaps a mistake, as there is no
such species in WiUdenow's Species Plantarum.

6. P. arg7jrocoma (Nutt.) : csespitose, decumbent, minutely pubescent;
leaves linear, acute, veinless ; cymes terminal, glomerate ; flowers enveloped
by the numerous scarious bracts ; sepals hairy, setaccously cuspidate, the
inner portion bearded above ; style slender, 2-cleft at the summit, hair}^ at the
base; sterile setse very short (l^utt.) or none. — Nutt.! gen. 1. p. 160; DC.
prodr. 3. p. 372. Anychia argyrocoma, Michx.! fi. 1. p. 113 ; Pursh, fl. 1.
p. 176 ; Ell sk. 1. p. 308, excl. syn.

On rocks, mountains of Virginia (Pursh) N. Carolina! Georgia! and
Tennessee 1 — Flowering stems ascending, 4-10 inches high. Leaves i-J of
an inch long, much crowded on the younger stems. Stipules lanceolate,
acuminate, nearly as long as the leaves. Bracts like the stipules. Sepals
linear. 1-nerved, with a whitish straight acumination.— The synonym and lo-
cality" Harper's Ferry, Virginia" in Elliott, I. c. belong to P. dichotoma.

— 7. P. herniarioides (Nutt.): depressed, diffusely branched, scabrous-
pubescent ; leaves oval or oblong, ciliate, nmcronate ; flowers sessile in the
axils of the leaves ; sepals subulate, mucronate ; sterile setae very minute. —
Nutt.! gen. 1. p. 160. Anychia herniarioides, Michx. ! Jl. 1. p. 113; Ell.
sk. l.p.SOSl

In dry sandy places, N. Carolina, Michaux ! S. Carolina {herb.
Schiceinitz !), and Georgia, Baldwin!— k small depressed plant with some-
what the aspect of Euphorbia polvgonifolia. Leaves sessile, often slightly
falcate, 3-4 lines long, minutely hispid under a lens. Stipules shorter than

Fc

172 * ILLECEBRACEiE. Anychia.

the leaves. Flowers solitary or slightly clustered in the axils. Sepals not
cucullate at the apex within ; the very short cusp somewhat spreading.

§ 3. Sepals unequal, cucullate at the apex within; the three exterior
armed with a spimj divergent awn ; the 2 interior smaller,unarmed or
cuspidate. — Acanthonychia, DC. (Pentaciena, Bartl.)

-i- 8. P. ramosissima (DC.) : diffusely branched, prostrate ; stems suffru-
tescent at the base, woolly ; leaves subulate, pungent, crowded, at length re-
curved ; stipules imbricated, shorter than the leaves ; flowers axillary, sessile ;
sepals hairy, the two inner pungent ; stigmas subsessile. — P? ramosissima,
DC. mem.' Paronyc. p. 12. t. 4, ^ prodr. 3. p. 372; A. St. Hil.Jl. Bras.
2. p. 188.

On the coast of California and Oregon, Nuttall! also a native of S. Ame-
rica.— Low, densely branched and tufted ; the branches in fruit densely
squarrose by the pungent spreading leaves and the spines of the outer sepals.
Stipules numerous, imbricated. Sepals somewhat woolly; the outer ones
with a minute adnata stipule on each side at the base. Stamens 3-5 ? — The
figure of De CandoUe seems to have been taken from a poor specimen.

2. ANYCHIA. Michx. ! fl. 1. p. 112 (in part) ; Juss. mem. mus. I. c.

dueria, Gartn. ; Nutt.

Sepals ovate-oblong, united at the base, slightly concave, subsaccate at
the apex, submucronate on the back. Petals or sterile filaments none.
Stamens 2-3 or 5, inserted on the base of the sepals. Styles very short, dis-
tinct or united at the base, stigmatose within. Utricle included in the con-
nivent sepals. — Annual, erect or somewhat procumbent, dichotomous herbs,
with minute axillary or terminal solitary or more or less clustered subsessile
flowers. Leaves oblong or lanceolate, mostly punctate, subpetiolate, very
slightly ciliate.

..J-' 1. A. dichotoma (Michx.) : stem erect or decumbent at the base ; at
'length much branched; stamens commonly 3. — Michx. ! fi. \.p. 113.

a. stem more or less pubescent above; leaves varying from linear-lanceo-
late and oblanceolate to elliptical ; flowers more or less clustered. — A dicho-
toma, DC. prodr. 3. p. 369. A. Canadensis, Ell. sk. 1. p. 307; Hook. Jl.
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 252. Q,ueria Canadensis, I/M?n.; Kutt. ! I.e.

0. glabrous, slender; branches capillary; leaves oval or oblong, cuneiform
at the base; flowers mostly exserted from the stipules at their base.— A.
dichotoma/?. capillacea, Torr.! fl. 1. p. 213. A. capiUacea, Nutt! I. c;
DC. I. c.

On hill-sides, &c. Canada ! to Georgia and Kentucky ! west to Arkansas !
June-Aug.— Stems 4-10 inches high. Leaves obtuse or acute. Utricle
minutely papillose.— Very variable in size and appearance. The var. H is
perhaps the original Q,ueria Canadensis of LinnEcus ; as it is the only form
which is found in Canada or the adjacent portions of the United States.

2. A. Baldwinii: stems branched from the base, diffusely procumbent;
leaves lanceolate, acute-at each end ; stamens 5.

Florida, Baldwin! W. Florida, Mr. Ware! Middle Florida, Dr.
Chapman ! — ® ? Stem minutely puberulent, loosely branched : branches a
foot or more long, decumbent. Leaves 6-12 lines long, the uppermost small-
er ciliate-scabrous, usually much shorter than the internodes. Flowers

PoLYCARPON. ILLECEBRACEiE. 173

rather larger than in A. dichotoma. Styles distinct nearly to the base, con-
nivent.

3. SIPHONYCHIA.

Sepals linear, petaloid above, coherent into a tube below, slightly concave
at the apex, unarmed. Petals represented by 5 subulate processes, ahcrnate
with the stamens, and inserted with them into the edge of the disk which
lines the lower portion of the sepals. Style filiform, of the length of the calyx,
mhiutely bifid at the apex. Utricle as in Paronychia. — A branching dif-
fusely procumbent extensively spreading herb. Leaves oblanceolate, much
shorter than the internodes. Blowers in small glomerate cymes at the ends
of the branches.

■ - S. Americana. — Herniaria Americana, Nidt. ! in SiU. jour. 5. p. 291
(excl. syn ?) ; DC. prodr. 3. p. 368.

In dry sandy places? E. Florida, Ware ex Nuttall ! Dr. Leavenworth !
Middle Florida, Dr. Chapman ! Georgia, Dr. Boykin ! S. Carolina, ■
herb. Nutt. .'— ® 1 Stem minutely andretrorsely puberulent, much branched,
extending 1-2 feet in length. Leaves slightly hairy below, ciliate, rather
obtuse, aknost veinless ; the lowest an inch in length, those of the branches
shorter. Stipules much shorter than the leaves. Bracts very small, similar
to the leaves. Flowers very nmnerous, a I'nt or a little more in length.
Sepals white above, minutely hispid with hooked bristles at the base, con-
nivent, cohering usually to about the middle. Stamens 5, shorter than the
lobes of the calyx : anthers brown.

Tribe IL SPERGULE JE. ^ Bartl.

Sepals nearly plane. Petals usually manifest, sometimes wanting.
Styles or stigmas 3-5. Capsule 1-celled, 3-5.valved, mauy-seeded :
placenta central.

4. STIPULICIDA. Michx. fi. 1. p. 21. t. 6.

Sepals distinct, oblong, attenuate at the base, with broadly scarious mar-
gins. Petals 5, as long as the sepals, cuneiform-oblong, narrow, entire, hy-
pogynous. Capsule subglobose, 3-valved, about 20-seeded. Style very short :
stigmas 3.— A small herb. Stem erect, setaceous, dichotomous. Radical
leaves spatulate, petioled; cauline ones very minute, setaceous. Stipules
multifid. Flowers minute, in small terminal fascicles.

~f- S. setacea (Michx. ! 1. c.)—EU. sk. 1. p. 51 ; DC. prodr. 3. p. 375. Poly-
carpon stipulifidum, Pers.; Pursh, fi. 1. p. 90.

In dry sandy places, N. Carolina ! to Georgia! May.— (l) ? (If Michx.)
Glabrous, 6-10 inches high. Petals white,

5. POLYCARPON. Linn.; Gcerln. fr. t. 129.

Sepals 5, nearly distinct, ovate, cariuate-concave, with scarious margins.
Petals 5, shorter than the sepals, often linear, emarginate. Stamens 3-5, in-
serted with the petals upon the minute nearly hypogynous disk. Styles 3,

174 n^LECEBRACE^. Spergula.

very short. Capsule 3-valved.— Low annuals. Leaves opposite or quater-
nate. Flowers cymose.

1. P. tetraphyllum (Linn.): leaves quaternate and opposite, spatulate-
obovate ; sepals mucronate ; stamens 3.—Eng. hot. t. 1031 ; Ell. sk. 1. p.
182. Mollugo tetraphylla, Linn. sp. 1. p. 89.

About Charleston, S. Carolina ! Introduced !— Much branched, 3-6 inches
high. Petals white.

2. P. depressum (Nutt.l mss.) : "very small, depressed, much branched;
leaves opposite, spatulate, the petiole as long as the limb ; flowers in small
clustered cymes ; sepals not mucronate ; petals almost filiform ; stamens 3-5.

" On bare sand-hills, near St. Diego, California.— Root slender, perpendi-
cular. Stems much branched from the base, forming a small tuft, not rising
from the ground. Leaves 2-3 Unes long. Flowers very small." Nutt.

6. LCEFLINGIA. Linn. act. Holm. ; Lam. ill. t. 19.

Sepals lanceolate, subulate, cuspidate, united at the base ; the three exterior
with a setiform appendage on each side near the base (adnate stipules). Pe-
tals minute, connivent. Stamens 3-5. Styles 3, distinct or united below,
sometimes almost none. Capsule 3-valved, many-seeded.— Depressed an-
nuals. Leaves subulate, the minute setaceous stipules adnate to the mar-
gins at the base. Flowers sessile in the axils of the branches and leaves.

1. L. squarrosa (Nutt. ! mss.) : " glandular-pubescent, much branched ;
leaves subulate-setaceous and (with the sepals) squarrose ; stamens 3-5 j
stigmas sessile ; capsule triangular, at length exserted."

" Sandy plains, St. Diego, California. — Flowers secund and somewhat
fascicled. Seeds even : embryo almost straight." Nutt.

1. SPERGULA. Bartl. ord. nat. p. 302.

Spergula, Linn, (excluding the exstipulate species) with the stipulate species of
Arenaria, Linn. — Spergularia, A. St. Hil.

Sepals nearly distinct. Petals 5, entire, mostly somewhat perigynous.
Stamens 5-10, inserted with the petals. Styles 3-5. Capsule 3-5-valved,
many-seeded. Seeds compressed, orbicular or reniform, often surrounded
with a membranaceous margin.— Leaves mostly fascicled in the axils.
Flowers loosely cymose.

§ 1. Styles 5.

-/— 1. <S. arvensis (Linn.) : leaves verticillate and mostly fascicled, subulate-
linear ;' stipules minute ; peduncles reflexed in fruit ; stamens 10 ; seeds
thick, with a very narrow margm.— GcErtn.fr. t. 130 ; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 320 ;
Ell sk. 1. p. 523 ; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 92. Spergularia arvensis, A. St.
Hil. fl. Bras. 2. p. 17S. ' • . . »i u u- u

Canada! to Georgia, in waste places: mtroduced. Also on the high
grounds of the Red and Assiniboin rivers, according to Hooker (who mentions,
besides, a much larger and more branching variety, S. ramosissima, Dougl.
mss., from Oregon). May-Aug.— Q About a foot high, ascending. Cyme
few-flowered. Petals white, rather longer than the calyx.— Corn- Spurrey.

Alsineje. CARYOPHYLLACEiE. 175

§ 2. Styles 3. — Spergularia, Pcrs.

2. S. rubra : stems decumbent, much branched ; leaves narrowly linear,
acute or mucronatc, somewhat fleshy ; stipules ovate, cleft ; sepals lanceo-
late, with broadly scarious margins ; petals red or rose-color ; seeds com-
pressed, with or without a membranaceous margin. — Sperjjularia rubra, .4.
St. Hit. I. c. Arenariu rubra, Linn. ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 401 ; Torr. I ft. 1.
p. 456 ; Cham. ^ Scldecht. in Linncea, 1. p. 52 ; Hook. ! l. c. p. 98, A. "Can-
adensis, Pers. syn. 1. p. 504.

a. somewhat pubescent; leaves shorter or little longer than the internodes,
slightly fleshy. — A. rubra, var. campestris, Linn.; DC. I. c.

8. nearly glabrous ; leaves fleshy, usually much larger than the internodes. —
A. rubra, var. marina, Linn.; DC. I. c.

y. ? flowers rather larger ; seeds very commonly membranaceously mar-
gined.— Arenaria rubra, var., Cham. ^- Schlecht. I. c. A. media, Linn. A.
marginata, DC. ft. Fran. 4. /;. 793, ^ prodr. I. c.

In sandy fields, not far distant from the sea coast (a.), and in salt marshes
(/?) &c., Canada! to Florida!, and N. W. Coast! to California! April-
Nov. — Q) Stems 3-10 inches long, difluse. Leaves variable in length, &c.
Stamens 2-10, more commonly 3-5. Capsule a little longer than the ca-
lyx. Seeds sub-semicordate, reniform or nearly orbicular. — Having ob-
served, as was previously noticed by Chamisso, seeds with a very broad
margin, and others wholly destitute of a border, taken from the same capsule
(in an American specimen, locality not recorded), we cannot but consider
A. media, Li7in. also as a variety of the present polymorphous and widely
diffused species.

Order XXIV. CARYOPHYLLACE^. Juss.

Sepals 4-5, distinct or cohering in a tube, persistent. Petals 4-5
(occasionally none), unguiculate and inserted upon the pedicel of the
ovary, or without claws and inserted on the outside of a fleshy disk
which is sometimes perigynous. Stamens twice as many as the pe-
tals (rarely the same number and alternate with them, or fewer) and
inserted with them : filaments subulate, sometimes cohering : anthers
fixed by the middle, introrse. Ovary of 2-5 united carpels, often sti-
pitate : styles 2-5, usually stigmatose the whole length on the inner
surface. Capsule 2-5.valved, 1-celled by the obliteration of the dis-
sepiments, or imperfectly (rarely completely) 2-5-celled, opening at the
apex by twice as many teeth as stigmas, or by loculicidal dehiscence :
placenta in the axis. Seeds campulitropous, numerous or rarely few.
Emhryo curved around the outside of mealy albumen. — Herbs. Stems
with tumid nodes. Leaves opposite, sometimes connate, exstipulate,
entire. Inflorescence centrifugal, dichotomous.

Tribe I. ALSINE^. DC.

Sepals nearly or quite distinct. Petals not unguiculate, inserted on
the outside of the hypogynous or more or less perigynous (sometimes
lobed or glandular) disk. Stamens inserted upon the margin of the disk.

176 CARYOPHYLLACE.E. Honckentj.

1. MOLLUGO. Linn. ; DC. ; W. ^- Am. prodr. Ind. or. 1. p. 43.

Sepals 5, united at the base. Petals usually none, rarely 5, minute. Sta-
mens 5 or fewer, opposite the sepals, sometimes 10. Styles 3. Capsule
3-valved, 3-ceUed, loculicidal, many-seeded. — Leaves actually opposite, and
without stipules ; but by abortion apparently alternate, with 2 stipules (one
leaf being abortive its petiole splits up, leaving a portion, like a stipule, at-
tached on each side to the base of the petiole of the perfect leaf); containing
in their axils several leaves surrounding the base of the young branch, and
forming radical or lateral tufts opposite to the peduncles ; hence they are
usually said to be verticillate. Am. I. c.

•y 1. M. verticillata (Linn.): stem branched, depressed; leaves spatulate,
the upper ones lanceolate ; pedicels 1-flowered, forming a simple sessile um-
bel; seeds smooth. — Michx. ! fl. l.p.77; GcBrtn.fr. t.\30; DC. prodr. 1.
p. 391 ; Hook.fl. Bar.- Am. 1. p. 92.

Barren places throughout N. America ! June-Sept. — (J) Sepals colored
within. Petals none. Stamens mostly 3. Seeds smooth, with 3 dorsal
striae.

2. MERKIA. Fisch. in DC; Cham. ^ Schlecht. in Linncea, 1. p. 59.

Sepals 5. Petals 5, unguiculate, entire. Stamens 5. Styles 3. Capsule
sessile, inflated, depressed-globose and umbilicated, grooved, imperfectly
3-celled, 3-valved. Seeds numerous, minute, pyriform. — Weak, diffusely
CBEspitose. Leaves ovate, a little ciliate. Peduncles solitary, 1-flowered.

M. physodes (Fisch.) — Hook.jl. Bor.-Am. l.p. 103. Arenaria physodes,
DC. prodr. 1. p. 403.

Bay of Eschscholtz. — Capsule about half an inch in diameter. Cham. ^
Schlecht.

3. HONCKENYA. Ehrh. beitr. 2. p. 81. (not of Willd.)

Adenarium, Baf. (1818.)

Sepals 5, united at the base. Petals 5, perigynous, unguiculate, entire.
Stamens 10, inserted, with the petals, into a glanduliferous disk. Styles 3-5.
Capsule 3-5-valved, 1-ceIled, 8-10-seeded. Seeds large, smooth.— Fleshy
maritime perennial herbs, with axillary subsolitary flowers.

■^ 1. H. peploides (Ehrh.): sepals ovate, obtuse, with "scarious margins;
petals spatulate-obovate ; leaves and stems very fleshy. — Arenaria peploides,
Linn. J Willd. sp. 2. p. 717; Fl. Dan. t. 624; Pilrsh, Ji. l.p. 317; DC.
prodr. 1. p. 413; Hook.jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 102 (in part). Adenarium pep-
loides, Eaf. in Desv.jour. phys. (1818) ; DC. I. c. 3. p. 366.

Atlantic Coast! from lat. 40° to Labrador! and the Arctic Circle. — Stem
extensively creeping, with numerous erect mostly simple branches, 8-12
inches high. Leaves short, ovate, abruptly acute or mucronate, very fleshy.
Styles 3 in the lower, mostly 5 in the upper flowers. Flowers by abortion
sometimes dioecious or polygamous.

2. H. ohlongifolia : sepals lanceolate-ovate, acute ; petals oblong-spatu-
late ; leaves oblong, acutCj attenuate at the base, and, as well as the stems,
not very fleshy. — Arenaria peploides, Cham. ^- Schlecht. in Linncea, 1. p.
57 ; Bongard,'veg. Sitcha. I. c. p. 128. A. peploides 0. major, Hook. .' l. c.

Sagina. CARYOPHYLLACE^. 177

Sitcha {Bongard) and both sides of Behring's Straits! {Clinmisso) to
De Fuca (Scolder !) — This plant, at once distinguishable from the preced-
ing- by its longer and narrower leaves, apparently less Heshy habit, and espe-
cially by the forna of the sepals and petals, appears to take the place along
the shores of the Northern Pacific, which H. peploides occupies along the
Atlantic ocean. The plant of our own coast agrees well with the European,
except that the stems are almost always simple.

4. SAGINA. Bartl. ord. nat. p. 305.

Sagina, Linn, and the exstipulate species of Spergula, Linn. tf-c.

Sepals 4-5, united at the base. Petals 4-5, entire, or none. Stamens
4-10. Styles 4-5. Capsule 4-5-valved, many-seeded. — FloAvers solitary,
axillary or terminal. Leaves often fascicled in the axils.

':^~ 1. S. procumhens (Linn.) : glabrous ; stems procumbent ; leaves linear,
mucronaie ; peduncles acending in fruit ; petals about half the length of the
sepals; stamens, petals, and sepals 4-5. — Gcvrtn.fr. t. 129; E^ig. hot. t. 880;
Ell. sk. 1. p. 221 ; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 92.

Springy ground, Connecticut! to South Carolina. Oregon, Dr. Scouler!
May-Aug.— (1) or (2) ( If DC. Hook.) Stems 2-6 inches long. Capsule
twice the length of the calyx. Petals sometimes none.

"~/^. S. decumbens : mostly glabrous; stems decumbent, ascending; leaves
linear-subulate, very acute ; peduncles much longer than the leaves ; petals
and sepals 5, of equal length; stamens 10. — S. procumbens, Withering.
Spergula saginoides, Li)m. ; Mich.v. ! Jl. I. p. 276; DC. frodr. 1. p. 394;
Hook. I. c. S. decumbens. Ell. sk. 1. p. 523. S. nodosa, Walt. Car. p. 241.
Infields, &c. Canada! to Louisiana! Introduced? Also on the Pacific
coast, Chamisso, Hooker. April-July. — (T) Stems branching, 1-3 inches
long. Petals obtuse. Capsule a little longer than the calyx.

3. S.fontinalis (ShoTt & Peter) : glabrous; stems procumbent, branched,
dichotomous above ; leaves linear-spatulate, rather obtuse ; petals none ;
stamens 4-6. — Short <^ Peter ! \st suppl. cat. Kentucky plants.

Wet rocks, Kentucky ! April-May.— (2) Stems 8-15 inches long. Pe-
duncles longer than the leaves. Sepals 4-5, ovate, rather obtuse. Capsulfe
subglobose, much shorter than the sepals.

4. (S. apetala (Linn.): pubescent; stem erect; leaves subulate; pedun-
cles elongated and ascending in fruit ; sepals and stamens 4 ; petals 4, very-
minute or none.— jEno-. bot. t. 881; DC. prodr. 1. p. 389; 7'orr. ! fl. 1. p.
195.

Dry sandy fields. New- Jersey ! Pennsylvania, & Maryland. Introduced ?
May-June.— (I) Stems filiform, 2-3 inches high. Sepals lanceclate, acate,
shorter than the capsule.

5. S. erecta (Linn.): glabrous; stem about 1-flowered ; leaves linear,
acute; peduncles strict; sepals, petals, and stamens 4. — Eng. bot. t. 609;
DC. I. c. Moenchia glauca, Pers. syn. 1. p. 153.

Baltimore ? Introduced. — (l) Stem 2 inches high. Sepals lanceolate-
ovate, acute, as loag as the capsule.

/•^ 6. S. nodosa : erect ; leaves subulate, glabrous, connate, the lower sheath-
ing; upper ones proliferous in their axils; petals twice the length of the
calyx; stamens 10. — Spergula nodosa, Linn, j Eng. bot. i. 964; Hook. Ji.
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 93.

23

178 CARYOPHYLLACEiE. Arenaria.

Upper Canada to the Arctic Sea and N. W. Coast— 2| Stem 2-6 inches
high. Petals and sepals 5.
-r- 7. 8. suhulata : glabrous or slightly pubescent ; leaves subulate, some-
' what secund, mucronate ; peduncles elongated ; petals 5, as long as the
calyx ; stamens 5-10.— Spergula procumbens P. Linn. S. subulata, Swariz ;
Eng. bot. t. 1082 ; Hook. I. c.
Rocky Mountains, Drummond.

5. ARENARIA. Linn.; Bartl. ord. nat. p. 305.

Arenaria, excl. § Spergularia, DC.

Sepals 5. Petals 5, entire. Stamens 10 (or by abortion fewer). Styles
3 rarely 2 or 4. Capsule 3-valved; valves usually 2-parted. Seeds nume-
rous, roundish, small.— Flowers terminal.

§ 1. Flowers aggregated into heads or compact fascicles.

-/'" 1. A. congesta (Nutt. ! mss.) : " ccespitose, glabrous ; leaves long, linear-
subulate, pungent ; flowers in roundish heads, with crowded membranous
bracts; sepals ovate, membranaceous, obscurely 3-nerved, about half the
length of the oblong petals.

" Shady hills in the Rocky Mountain range, about Bear River of the Lake
of Timpanagos. — U Stem simple, a foot high. Lower leaves almost like
those of a Pme, very narrow and more than 2 inches long [margin ciliate-
scabrous]. Heads 1-3. Capsule coriaceous, about the length of the calyx.
Seeds very small, angular. — A remarkable species, with somewhat the habit
of Dianthus prolifer." Nutt.

2. A. Franklinii (Douglas): branches erect, fastigiate, numerous, fragile ;
leaves smooth (minutely ciliate-scabrous below), subulate-setaceous ; flowers
fascicled ; sepals subulate, scarious, broadly 1-nerved, longer than the linear-
oblong (obtuse) petals. Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 101. t. 35.

Oregon, from the great falls to the source of the Missouri, Douglas. — U
Branching from the base, a span high. Leaves an inch long. Fascicles of
flowers dense, crowded with bracts similar to the leaves. Hook.

3. A. Hookeri (Nutt. ! mss.) : " caudex branched, csespitose ; stems (3
inches high) simple, fastigiate, pubescent ; leaves subulate-setaceous ; flow-
ers fascicled ; sepals lanceolate-subulate, 1-nerved, rather shorter than the ob-
long obtuse sepals.

" Rocky Mountain range, on the summits of high hills (lat. 40°). — Bracts
and sepals membranaceous. — Nearly allied to A. Franklinii, but with shorter
leaves, bracts, and sepals." Nutt.

§ 2. Flowers in loose dichotomous cymes., or solitary.
* Leaves gramineous.

4. A. nardifoli a (hedeb.): csespitose; leaves fascicled, linear-setaceous,
very narrow, mucronate, glabrous ; stems erect, glabrous, 1-3-flowered ;
petals obovate, longer than the very obtuse ovate 5-nerved sepals. Hook. —
" Ledeb. Jl. Altai"; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 98. t. 32.

Shores of the Arctic Sea, Dr. Richardson. — 11 Leaves crowded below,
with a curved mucronation. Capsule broadly ovate. Hook. — Our specimen
of A. nardifolia from Altai, does not well agree with Hooker's figure and
description, but has acutish sepals, and the cusps of the leaves straight.

Arenaru. CARYOPHYLLACE^. 179

♦ • Leaves linear or snlyulate.

5. A. laricifolia (Linn.) : leaves subulate, dcnticulate-ciliate ; stems
ascending, somewhat scabrous or pubescent above, 2-(3-tiowered ; sepals ob-
long, obtuse, 3-nerved, half the length of the petals ; capsule longer than the
calyx.— Pursh, fl. 1. p. 319 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 98; Cham. ^ ^chkcht. in
lAnruea, 1. p. 54.

N. W. Coast, Menzies, Chamisso.

6. .4. juniper ino (Linn.) : leaves subulate and rigidly pungent, the lower
ones somewhat fascicled, the uppermost distant; stems erect, firm; sepals
ovate, acute, about 1-nerved ; petals obovate, nearly twice as long as the se-
pals ; capsule roundish-ovate, 3-valved, scarcely exceeding the calyx. DC. —
Pur.'ih, fl. 1. p. 318 ; Sinilk, ic. ined. t. 35; Hook. I. c.

Labrador and Newfoundland, Pitrshl Between Lakes St. Clair and Hu-
ron, Douglas.— K doubtful native of N. America. The plant of Pursh &.
Douglas is perhaps a variety of A. stricta.

7. A. pungens (Nutt. ! mss.) : " csespitose, minutely glandularly pubescent ;
leaves subulate, canaliculate, pungent, the lower ones squarrosely imbricated
and crowded ; flowers few, subpaniculate ; sepals lanceolate, obscurely 3-
nerved, longer than the oblong-ovate petals.

"Summits of hills in the Rocky Mountain range (lat. 41°).— If Stems
about 4 inches high, forming considerable ca^spitose tufts. Leaves rigid, 3-
nerved. Sepals unusually long and acute." A^iii/.— Nearly allied to A. verna.

-f^ 8. A. squarrosa (Michx.) : densely ca;spitose ; stems minutely glandular-
pubescent, few-flowered ; leaves short, subulate-canaliculate, the lower ones
densely squarrose-imbricate, rather obtuse, upper ones few ; petals about 3
times the length of the ovate, very obtuse, nerveless sepals. — Mick.r. ! fl. 1.
p. 273; Torr. ! fl. 1. p. 454 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 403 ; EU. sk. 1. p. 520. A.
Caroliniana, M'alt. Car. 1. p. 141.'? A. imbricata, Haf. iiiDesv.jour. hot.
1. p. 229 '? A. Rafiuesquiana, Ser.in DC.

In dry sand, New-Jersey ! to Georgia ! April-Sept. — 14 Root perpendicu-
lar, very long. Flowering branches 5-10 inches high, simple. Sepals herba-
ceous. Capsule ovate, obtuse, 3-valved, longer than the calyx. Styles some-
times 4.

-/-^. A. stricta (Michx.) : dlff"u3ely caespitose, glabrous, branched from the
base ; leaves subulate-setaceous, 1-nerved, much fascicled in the axils ; pe-
tals oblong-obovate, twice the length of the rigid, ovate, very acute, 3-ribbed
se-pah.—Mich:r. ! fl. 1. p. 274; Ell. sk. 1. p. 520; DC. prodr. 1. p. 503.

a. Strict, few-flowered; leaves erect, crowded, longer than the internodes.

0. diffusely spreading ; leaves spreading or recurved, often shorter than
the internodes ; branches of the cyme spreading. — A. stricta, Bigel. ! fl.
Bost. ed. 2. p. ISO. A. stricta /?., Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 99. t. 33.

Rocks and barren ground, Canada ! to S. Carolina and Arkansas ! and
north to the Arctic Sea (//"ook) May-July.— 2^ Stems 3-10 or 12 inches
high. Capsule about as long as the calyx.— The van U. is by far the most
common in the United States, and has very slender peduncles and pedicels;
but the plant varies according to situation, &c.

"f" 10. A. tenella (Nutt. ! mss.) : " erect, slender, somewhat branched from
the base ; leaves fihform- subulate, acute ; peduncles minutely glandular-pubes-
cent; petals oblong, nearly twice the length of the acute 3-nerved shortish
sepals.

" Rocky places, plains of the Oregon ! and Arkansas.— (l) Allied to A.
tenuifolia,' but with the petals larger and the leaves longer." Nutt. — We have
this pi mt also from Dr. Scouler under the name of A. stricta, to which spe-
cies it is doubtfully referred by Hooker. The leaves are scarcely if at all fas-

180 CARYOPHYLLACE^. Arenaria.

cicled in the axils, the root is annual, and the sepals are less strongly nerved
and less rigid than in A. stricia.

il. A. Pitcher i (Nutt.! mss.): "erect and slender, glabrous, fastigiately
branched, few-flowered ; leaves linear-filiform, obtuse, not fascicled ; pedun-
cles slightly glandular-pubescent ; petals oblong, somewhat exceeding [near-
ly twice the lengtli of] the lanceolate strongly 5- [sometimes 3-] nerved se-
pals." Nuit.

Plains of Arkansas, iViJi^aZZ / Dr. Pitcher! T ey.as, Drummond ! Dr.
Leavenworth ! — (J) Stem 3-6 inches high, with filiform branches. Leaves
■very narrow but flat. — Nearly allied to A. patula, and also to A. tenuifolia of
Europe, as Mr. Nuttall very correctly remarks.

- 12. A. patula (Michx.) : branched from the base, diffuse ; forks of the
cyme divaricate ; leaves linear, very narrow, obtuse, spreading ; petals spa-
tulate, emarginate, twice the length of the lanceolate very acute 3-5-nerv-
ed sepals.— yV/tc/tx. .' ji. 1. p. 273 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 405.

On rocks, Kentucky, Dr. Short! and mountains of Virginia, Prof. Ruff-
ner ! — @ ((2)'?) Stems weak, almost filiform, 6-10 inches long, glabrous
to the naked eye, but minutely glandular-pubescent under a lens. Cyme 4 or
5 to 20-flowered, much spreading : pedicels almost setaceous. Leaves often
slightly fascicled in the axils.

-■'13. A. glabra (Michx.): csespitose, glabrous ; stems filiform, decumbent
at the base, 8-12-flowered ; leaves linear-setaceous, spreading; branches of
the cyme and very slender pedicels divaricate ; petals obovate-oblong, twice
the length of the oval, obtuse, membranaceously-margined, nerveless sepals.—
Michx. ! Ji. 1. p. 274 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 407, not of Ell. or of Torr.fi.

On rocks in N. Carolina, MtcZimf^c.' Schweinitzl Georgia, Le Conte !
"Table Rock, Alabama," herb. Schweinitz ! — 11 Plant growing in dense
grass-like tufts : stems very slender, and commonly branched above, about 6
inches high. Leaves nearly half an inch long, almost setaceous. Pedicels
elongated, setaceous. Flowers smaller than in A. patula and A. GrcEnlan-
dica. — This Uttle known species appears to be confined to the more or less
mountainous portions of the Southern States ; the A. glabra of Elliott, grow-
ing in the low country being evidently Stellaria uniflora, Walt.

14. A. GrcRiilandica (Spreng.) : csespitose, glabrous ; stems low, decum-
bent at the base, 1-5-flowered ; leaves very narrowly linear, obtuse;' pedicels
filiform, nearly erect ; petals obovate-cuneiform, entire or with a slight notch,
twice the length of the rather oblong, very obtuse, membranaceously mar-
gined, nerveless sepals. — Spreng. syst. 2. p. 402. Stellaria Groenlandica,
" Retz. fi. Scan.'' ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 39S ; Fl. Dan. t. . . Arenaria glabra,
Torr. ! fl. 1. p. 4:55 (excl. syn.) ; Bigel. ! fi. Bost. ed. 2. p. 180.

Greenland, Vahl, in herb. Schw. ! Labrador, herb. Schweinitz! Cre-
vices of rocks, with alpine plants, on the summits of the M'hite Hills, New-
Hampshire, Boott ! Oakes ! Pickering ! of the Adirondack ! and Sha-
wangunk! Mountains, New-York. July-Aug. — It Stems very numerous,
about 3 (rarely 5) inches high. Leaves almost subulate, but obtuse, 3-5
lines long, erect or spreading. Flowers large for the size of the plant, larger
than those of A. glabra. Lobes of the disk from which the stamens arise
slightly thickened and glandular. — The identity of our plant with Stellaria
Groenkndica, first suggested by Dr. Pickering, is confirmed by a specimen
from Greenland in herb. Schweinitz, -so named by Vahl.

15. A. brevifolia (Nutt. ! mss.) : glabrous, not csespitose ; stems filiform,
erect, simple, 2-5-flowered; leaves minute, erect (many times shorter than
the internodes), lanceolate-subulate, nerveless ; sepals oblong, obiuse, with
scarious margins, about the length of the 3-valved capsule ; petals obovate-

Arenaria. CARYOPHYLLACEiE. 181

oblon?, nearly twice the length of the calyx.— iV/t«. / viss. in herb. acad.
Pkilad.

On rooks, Georgia, NuttaU /— (T) Plant 2-4 inches high, very slender,
with 3 or 4 pairs of caulino leaves from 1-2 lines long. Flowers small, white,
on filiform peduncles.

16. A. verna (Linn.): erect, ca;spitose, pubescent or glabrous ; leaves lin-
ear-subulate, nerved, erect ; cyme erect, few or many-tlowered ; sepals ovate,
acute, 3-ncrved, mostly a little longer than the petals. Hook.—Eng. hot. I.
512; DC. prodr. 1. p. 405; Hook.Jl. lior.-Am. 1. p. 99.

Oregon and Subarctic America, Hooker ; James' Peak, Rocky Moun-
tains^ lat. 41 \ Dr. James !

17. J. proptn^Ha (Richardson): cfEspitose, hair> (hairs mostly glandu-
lar); leaves linear-subulate, acute, 3-nervcd; sepals acute, 3-nerved, about
the length of the petals but shorter than the capsule. Richards, in app.
Frankl.journ. p. 17; Hook. I.e.

Arctic America, and summits of the Rocky Mountains. — Habit of A. ver-
na ; but the flowers are smaller : perhaps not distinct. Hook.

IS. .4. hirta (Wormskiold) : leaves linear-subulate, obtuse, 2-sulcate, mi-
nutely hirsute; stems 2-3-tlowered ; sepals 3-nerved, acute, shorter than the
capsule ; petals oblong, a little shorter than the calyx. DC— Wor7nsk. in Jl.
Dan. t. 1646; DC. prodr. 1. p. 405; Cham. ^ Schlecht. in Linncea, 1. p.
56 ; Hook. I. c.

Kotzebue's Sound, Beechey ! Greenland.— 1^ Glabrous or pubescent, 3
inches high.

19. A. rubella (Hook.): stems ca;spitose, numerous ; peduncles terminal,
pubescent, 1-fiowered ; leaves linear-subulate, obtuse, 3-neived ; petals ob-
long-lanceolate, a little shorter than the lanceolate 3-nerved (mostly) very
acute sepals ; capsule 4-valved, shoiter than the sepals. Hook. ! in Parry''s
2nd voy. app. p. 391, ^- in fl. Loud. t. 200, f f. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 100. A.
quadrivalvis. A'. Br. in Parry's Isl voy. app. p. 271. Alsine rubella, U'ahl.
jl. Lapp. t. 6, fide Hook.

Greenland and Arctic America !— If Pbnt 1-2 inches high. Leaves ob-
tuse or rather acute. Stigmas 3-5.
-^-20. A. Rossii (R.Brown): glabrous; leaves subulate-triquetrous, rather
obtuse, nerveless, scarcely equalling the flower ; peduncles 1-fiowered ; petals
oblong, a little exceeding the obscurely 3-nerved sepals.—/?. Br. in Parry's
\st voy. app. p. 272.

0. taller ; leaves exceeding the calyx, mostly shorter than the internodes,
with manifest lateral nerves ; petals as long as the sepals. R. Br. I. c; Hook,
f. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 100.

Arctic America ! and Rocky Mountains from lat. 54°-57^— Flowers some-
times apetalous. Hook.
--f 21. A. arctica (Steven) : caespitose ; leaves linear-subulate, obtuse, fleshy,
margin minutely ciliate ; peduncles glandular-pubescent, 1- (rarely 2-3-)
flowered ; petah about twice the length of the very obtuse 3-nerved sepals.

a. leaves 3-3triate ; sepals oblong ; petals obovate. — A. arctica, Stev. in
DC. prodr. 1. p. 404 ; Hook. I.e. (a. & p.) t. 34.

/?. leaves nerveless; sepals ovate; petals oblong-spatulate. — A. pumilio,
R. Br.; Hook, in Parry's 2nd voy. app. p. 391, ^ fl. Bor.-Am. I. c.

y. leaves obscurely 3-nervcd, carinate, serrulate-ciliate ; sepals oblong,
glandular-pubescent; petals oblong, half as long t'gain as the sepals. — A. ob-
tusa, Ton: I in ann. lye. New- York. 2. p. 170. A. arctica y- stenopetala,
Hook. I. c. ?

Arctic America, y. Rocky Mountains, on James' Peak, lat. 41'=, Dr. James !
— "4 Habit of Silene acaulis. L.eaves mostly curved to one side. Capsule
ovate.

182 CARYOPHYLLACEiE. Arenaru.

22. A. macrocarpa (Pursh): caespitose ; leaves crowded, linear-subulate,
plane, the margin ciliate ; peduncle terminal, 1-flowered, leafy ; petals ovate,
twice the length of the calyx ; capsule oblong, thrice the length of the calyx.
Pursh, fl. 1. p. 318 ; Cham. ^ Schlecht. I. c. j Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 101.

N. W. Coast, Pursh. — Hardly distinct from A. arctica. Hook.

*** Leaves lanceolate, ovate, or roundish.

-/- 23. '^. serpyllifolia (Linn.): diflfuse, retrorsely pubescent; leaves
(small) ovate, acute, minutely ciliate ; sepals lanceolate, acuminate, hairy,
3-5-nerved, nearly twice the length of the petals, equal to the ovate, 6-tooth-
ed capsule.— Mtt7i:r. .' fl. 1. p. 274; Gartn. fr. t. 130 ; DC. prodr. 1. p.
411; Ell.sk.l. p. 518.

Sandy fields, Massachusetts ! to Georgia ! Introduced. Aprd-July.— (l)
Much branched from the base, 3-10 mches high. Flowers axillary and ter-
minal.

24. A. ciliata (Linn.): leaves ovate or obovate, bullate-mgose, more or
less nerved and ciliate ; stems procumbent ; sepals lanceolate, acute, nerved,
shorter than the petals, as long as the ovate 6-valved capsule. Eng. bot. t.
174:5 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 411.

Greenland, Sabine.

Jf 25. A. Piirshiana (Seringe) : stem dichotomous, diffuse ; leaves oval,
rather acute ; peduncles alternate, axillary, solitary, elongated ; sepals acute ;
petals as long as the calyx. Pursh.— DC. prodr. 1. p. 414. A. thymifoUa,
Pursh, fl. 1. p. 317.

Sea-shore, Labrador, herb. Banks ex P?/r5^.— Perhaps Stellaria humifusa.
A specimen from Labrador in herb. Schweinitz, marked A. thymifolia
appears to be that plant.

., 26. A. lateriflora (Linn.): minutely pubescent; stem erect, slender, sim-
ple or branched; leaves oblong or oval, obtuse ; peduncles lateral and termi-
nal 2-flowered, one of the pedicels bibracteolate near the middle; petals
twi'ce the length of the sepals.— Pursh, fl. 1. p. 317 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 412;
Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 102. t. 36. Stellaria biflora, Pursh! fl. 1. p. 317.
In damp rather shady places, from lat. 40° to the Arctic Sea! June.— 7^
Stem 4-8 inches high. Leaves pale green, punctate, hairy on the margin
and midrib. Peduncle mostly solitary. Petals and sepals oblong, obtuse.
Filaments pubescent.

27. A. macrophylla (Hook.): stem slender, erect, dichotomously branch-
ed ; leaves spreading, lanceolate, acute at each end, glabrous ; peduncle ter-
minal [or lateral], 2-3-tlowered ; sepals ovate, sharply acuminate, longer than
the petals and capsule. Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 102. t. 37.

Shady woods, Oregon {Douglas, Nuttall!) and N. W. Coast.— Habit of
the preceding. Very near A. umbrosa, Ledeb.

1 Doubtful species.

28. A. fasciculata (Pursh, not of Gouan) : nearly glabrous, cffispitose ;
stems strictly erect ; leaves subulate, pungent, striate ; flowers densely fasci-
cled ; sepals subulate, striate ; petals very short. Pursh, fl. 1. p. 319.

Canada (in herb. Lambert), Pursh.

29.- A. buxif oli a {Poir.) : pubescent; leaves ovate-oblong, sessile; stems
creeping ; peduncles dichotomous, about 2-flowered ; sepals linear, short, ob-
tuse, with membranaceous margins, a little shorter than the petals, as long
as the ovate, obtuse (5-valved ?) capsule. DC.—Poir. diet. 6. p. 262 ; DC.
prodr. 1. p. 411.
• Canada, Poiret.

Stellahia. CARYOPHYLLACE.E. 183

6. STELLARIA. Linii.; Torr.Jl. 1. p. 453.

Sepals 5, somewhat united at the base. Petals 5 (rarely by abortion fewer
or none), 2-cleft or lobed, often perigynous. Stamens 10 (or by abortion
3-8). Styles 3, sometimes 4. Capsule 1-celled, 3- (sometimes 4-) valved ;
valves usually 2-parted, membranaceous. Seeds numerous. — Herbs, mostly
inhabiting moist or shady places. Flowers terminal in dichotomous cymes,
or solitary.

The apparently lateral peduncles of several species are at first terminal, but be-
come pstudo-axillary by the evolution of a branch in the axils of the upper leaves,
which continues the stem. So also in Arenaria lateriflora, &c.

§ 1. Styles always 3; petals hypogynous^ mostly longer than the calyx.

1. S. media (Smith): stems procumbent, with an alternate pubescent
line; leaves ovate, glabrous ; petals oblong, deeply divided, shorter than the
sepals; stamens 2-\0.—Eng. hot. t. 537 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 398 ; Hook. fl.
Bor.- Am. 1. p. 94:. Alsine media, Linn. Holosteum succulentum, Linn.;
Colden.

Waste places throughout the United States 1 California and N. W. Ame-
rica. Introduced. March-Dec. — (T) Petioles short, ciliate. Calyx hairy.
Pedicels deflexed in fruit. — Chickweed.

■ / S. prostrata (Baldw.) : stem procumbent, fistulous, somewhat pubescent ;
leaves ovate, acuminate ; the lower ones on slender petioles, subcordate ; pe-
dicles elongated; petals twice the length of the sepals, deeply divided, Avith
linear segments; stamens 7-8. — Baldxo. .' in Ell. sk. 1. p. 518.

In wet places E. Florida, Baldwin .' Georgia, Le Conte ! March-May.
— (l) Stem 1-4 feet long. Petioles ciliate, longer than the leaves. Sepals
ovate, nearly glabrous. Flowers small.

3. S. puhera (Michx.) : stems decumbent, spreading, with two opposite
pubescent lines; leaves oval-oblong, sessile, minutely ciliate; pedicels short;
petals deeply bifid, longer than the sepals. — Michx. ! fl. 1. p. 273 ; Ell. sk.
1. j3. 517 ; Darlingt. Jl. Cest. p. 274.

On shady rocks, Pennsylvania ! [lat. 40°] to Georgia ! west to Kentucky !
April-June. — 1(. Stems 6-12 inches long, below often with a single alter-
nate hairy line. Leaves 1-2^ inches long. Flowers i an inch in diameter.
Stamens 10. Capsule ovoid-globose.

4. S. Jamesii (Ton.): viscidly pubescent; leaves lanceolate, elongated,
slightly falcate, closely sessile ; cyme divaricate ; petals 2-lobed, about twice
the length of the oblong acute sepals. — Torr. in ami. lye. New- York, 2. p.
169.

Rocky Mountains, about lat. 40^, Dr. James ! — Stem weak. Leaves
about 4 inches long and 4 lines broad, acute. Capsule as long as the calyx,
deeply valved. Seeds few, rugose.

.--'5. S. Nuttallii: unnutely glandular, branched from the base, erect or as-
cending; leaves linear, obtuse, rather fleshy ; cyme few-flowered ; p etals ob-
cordate, twice the length of the ovate obtuse nearly nerveless sepai.s

Prairies of Arkansas, Nutiall ! Dr. Pitcher ! Western Louisiana, Z^.
Leavenicorth! Texas, Drummond! Dr. Leavenworth ! March-April. —
(X) Plant 4-6 inches high. Leaves nearly glabrous, inuch shorter than the
internodes, i-i an inch in length, 1-2 lines wide, a little narrowed at the
base. Flowers when expanded more than i an inch in diameter : petals
with a broad, rather deep emargination : sepals withscarious margins. Cap-
sule a little longer than the calyx, deeply 3-valved : valves entire. Seeds

184 CARYOPHYLLACEyE. Stellari-a.

minute, dark broTvn, tuberculate. — Habit of Cerastium nutans. The sinus of
the petals is so shallow that the plant might be ranked with Arenaria almost
as well as with Stellaria.

6. S. macropetala: glabrous, branching from the base; stems erect, slen-
der ; leaves linear and very narrow, somewhat fleshy, acute ; cyme few-
flowered ; petals obovate-spatulate, 2-lobed, more than tw^ice the length of
the ovate-lanceolate 3-ribbed sepals.

Arkansas, Nuttall ! Dr. Pitcher ! Dr. Leavenworth ! April. — (5) Stem
5-10 inches high. Leaves an inch or more long ; the lower ones rather ob-
tuse, as long as the internodes. Flowers smaller than in S. Nuttallii, but
with the petals longer in proportion, much more attenuate below, and with
a deeper and no.rrower sinus. Sepals acute, rather rigid, not scarious.

7. S. unijiord (Walt.) : glabrous, branching from the base ; stems erect,
very slender ; leaves subulate-linear, acute ; peduncles axillary, filiform, 1-
flowered ; petals obcordate with a shallow sinus, twice the length of the ob-
long acutish nearly nerveless sepals. — Walt. Car. p. 141. Arenaria glabi a,
Eli. sk. 1. p. 520, not of Michx.

Swamps, N. Carolina ( Croom .') to Georgia. May. — Stem 10 inches or
more high. Leaves an inch long, hardly a line wide, mucronate. Peduncles
solitary, not bracteolate, 2-3 inches in length. Sepals rather membrana-
ceous, with scarious margins. Capsule ovoid, as long as the calyx. — Resem-
bles S. macropetala much more closely than Arenaria glabra, with which it
has been generally confounded. Habit wholly that of a Stellaria.

8. S. cerastoides (Linn.) : stems csGspitose and decumbent, somewhat

dichotomous ; leaves oblong, pubescent ; peduncles in pairs, 1-nowered, de-
flexed in fruit ; petals exceeding the obtuse sepals ; capsule oblong, almost
twice the length of the calyx. DC. prodr. 1. p. 398; Hook, plants oj Scy
bine's voy. in trails. Linn. sac. 14. p. 8.
Greenland, Sabine.

9. S. humifusa (Rottb.) : glabrous ; stems procumbent, branched ; leaves
ovate, sessile, fleshy ; peduncles solitary, terminal, short, 1-flowered ; petals
2-parted, rather longer than the acutish nerveless sepals. Hook. — " Rottb.
in act. Hafn, 10. i. 4" ; Hook.! in Parrifs 2nd voy. app. p. 391, ^ Ji.
Bor.-Am. 1. j). 97 ; Bong. veg. Sitcha, I. c. p. 127. S. crassifoUa, Cham.
^ Schlecht. I. c. Me Hook. Arenaria thymifolia, Pursh ?

Greenland, Arctic Sea! Sitcha. — 0 Stems 2-3 inches high. Peduncles
filiform. Sepals obscurely 3-nerved. Bongard.

10. S. gracilis (Richardson) : glabrous ; stem weak ; sterile branches
gemmiferous ; leaves lanceolate, someAvhat succulent ; peduncle solitary,
axillary or terminal, elongated, 1-floAvered ; petals 2-parted, longer than the
glabrous acute nerveless sepals. Hook. — Richards, app. Frankl. journ.
p. 17; Hook. fl. I. c.

Hudson's Bay, dec, Richardson. — Capsule 6-valved.

§ 2. Styles 3 or 4 : petals more or less peri gy nous, often minute or wanting.
(Spergulastrura, Michx. — Mieropetalon, Pers. — Larbroea, St. Hil.)

11. S. longipes (Goldie): shining or glaucescent; stems decumbent at
the base, or procumbent with erect or ascending branches ; leaves mostly
rigid, linear or lanceolate (broadest at the base), acute ; peduncles (cymose
or nearly simple) Avith rather large ovate scarious bracts ; petals a Uttle
longer than the ovate, obtuse or acutish, obscurely 3-nerved, scariously-mar-
gined sepals.

a. slender; leaves more or less flaccid, rather spreading; branches 6-10-
flowered; peduncles and pedicels filiform; the terminal (middle) ones elon-

Stellaria. CARYOPIIYLLACE.E. 185

gated ; sepah obtuse. — S. longipes, GohIip,in Edinh. phil. journ. 6. p. 185 ;
DC. prodr. 1. p. 400; Honk. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 95.

fi. slender, rather rit^id ; leaves more erect, and pungent, sometimes
al no3t subulaie; sepah acute.— S. sU'wMi, liichcnds. a}.p. Frar.kl. joinn.
ed. 2. p. 15; Hook. I. c.— \. stems sparsely pubescent. Hook. 2. stems gla-
brous. Hook. I— S. palustris, Richards. /. c. erf. 1. 3. leaves somewhat
glaucous. Hook.

y. 3-4 inches high ; stems 1-2-flowercd ; sepals acute ; otherwise like

o. &/3.

i. glaucous ; branches erect from creeping stems, 3-6 inches high, 1-3-
floAvered ; leaves erect, lanceolate, rigid, carinate ; sepals rather obtuse. —
S. la:la, Richards. ! app. Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. 16 ; Hook. ! app. Parry's
V01J., & in ff. Bor.-.\m. 1. p. C6.

£. glabrous or somewhat pubescent; branches 1-2 inches high, 1-3-now-
eredl leaves ovate-lanceolate (the lowest sometimes ovate, obtuse), seme-
times sparselv ciliate at the ba-^e ; sepals acutish.— S. Edwardsii, R. Br.! in
app. Parry's \sl roy. p. 271 ; Richaids. I c; Torr. in ami. hjc. New-
york,2.p.'\'0: Hook..' fi. Bor.-Am. 1. jo. 96. /. 31 ; CAow. ^ Schlechi.in
Linnna, I. p. 48. S. nitida, //oo/i. in app. Scoresb. Greenl. ;p. 411. S.
ovalifolia. Hook. fl. I. c?

a. & /?. Wood? and shores, Canaela ! to Subarctic America! west to Ore-
gon (A»«a// .') Shore of L. Ontario and Michiiran! r. Rocky Mountains,
lat. 40 \ Dr. James ! <5. Arctic ! and !-ubarctic America, and Rocky Moun-
tains, t. Shores of the Arctic Sea! Brhring's Straits, and Reeky Moun-
tains, lat. 40^ {Dr. James!)— We have little hesitation in carrying cut the
intimition? of Sir VVm. Hook-r, and con-.idering th-se plants as modifica-
tions of on? species. Vars. a. & 0. may be distinguished from S. longifolia
by the shorter and less spreading leaves, always broadest at the base, and by
the somewhat larger flowers and obscurely nerved sepals.

~fl2. S. nilens (.\utt.! mss.): " subcaespitose, smooth and shining ; stems
erect, sparsely hairy below, filiform, naked above; leaves lanceolate-subulate,
short, acute; petah 2-lob?d and (as well as the capsule) much shorter than
the lanceolate very acute 3-nerved sepals.

'• Plains of the Oregon, in moist or shady places.— 0 Plant 3-5 inches
high, spreading. Leaves rigid, i of an inch Icng. Sepals shining, with
scarious margins. Cyme few-flowered. Flowers expanding only in the
sunshine. Habit of an Arenaria." Ntitt.

-/"Is. S. longifolia (Muhl.) : stem branching, weak, glabrous ; leaves linear,
mostly atti^nuate at the base, acutish ; cyme divaricate, n&ked, with lanceo-
late scarious bracts; petah cleft nearly to the base, at first shorter, at
length longer than the acute 3-nerved sepals. — Torr.! fi. 1. p. 452 (excl.
syn° of S. longipes); DC. prodr. 1. ;;. 4C0 ; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 94 ;
Bon^r. ve^. Sitcha, l. c. p. 126. S. graminea. Biget. fl. Bost. ed. 1. p. 110;
Cham. ^ Schle^fit. in Linncea, 1. p. 49, fide Bongard ^ Hook. Spergulas-
truTi gramineuin. Mich.r.! fl. 1. p. 2T6. Micropetalon graminenm, Pers.

Shady damp places, Virginia ! to Subarctic America ! Oregon ! to Sitcha !
June. — 'li Stem flaccid. 4-18 inches high ; the angles usually retrorsely sca-
bx-ous. Leaves elongated, spreading to a right angle with the stem. Pedi-
cel", filiform. Stamens 8-10. Capsule subglobose, about the length of the
calyx.

-f^li. S. borealis (Bigelow) : glabrous, flaccid; leaves brondly lanceolate,
acute, veinless; petals (sometimes none) 2-parted, nearly the length of the
lanc?olat? acute nerveless sepals ; capsules ovate-oblong, nearly twice the
length of the calyx; styles 4.— S. borealis, Bigel.! f. Bost. ed. 2. p. 182;
Hook.Ijl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 94. S. lanceolata, Torr. ! f. 1. p. 45, not of

24

186 CARYOPHYLLACEyE. Stellaria.

Poir. Spergulastrum lanceolatum, Michx. ! Jl. 1. p. 275. Micropetalon
lanceolatum, Pers.

a. leafy to the summit ; peduncles in the forks of the branches (i. e. termi-
nal) solitary, 1-flowered.

/?. upper leaves reduced to bracts (not scarious) ; cyme spreading.

In wet shady swamps, New-York ! from about lat. 42^ to Arctic America J
June-July. — ® {U '?) Stem 4-15 inches high, weak. Leaves an inch or
more long, 1-nerved, but with no lateral veins. Flower at first terminal, on
a filiform pedicel, becoming axillary by the evolution of a branch from the
axil of each of the upper leaves ; branches dichotomous in like manner :
flowers more commonly apetalous. Later in the season the lateral branches-
are also often floriferous, producing the ordinary dichotomous cymes ; and
then the flowers bear manifest petals. Stamens and petals distinctly perigy-
nous. Seeds smooth. — Certainly very distinct from S. longifolia, and much,
more closely allied to the succeeding species.

15. S. aquatica (PoUich) : weak and decumbent, nearly glabrous ; leaves
oblong, acute, veined; petals 2-cleft, rather shorter than the lanceolate very
acute 3-nerved sepals ; capsule ovoid, about as long as the calyx ; styles 3. —
" Poll. pal. 1. p. 429;" DC. prodr. 1. p. 398 ; Cham., f Schlecht. I. c. p. 50 1
S. uliginosa, Eng. hot. t. 1074 ; Muhl. ! cat. p. 47. S. borealis, Darlingt. !

jl. Cest. ed. 2. p. 274. Larbraia aquatica, St. Hil. mem. mus.; DC. prodr.
3. p. 366. L. uliginosa, Hook. I. c. p. 93.

Sv/ampy springs, Chester County, Pennsylvania, Dr. Darlington ! Near
Philadelphia, Dr. Pickering! Rocky Mountains, Hooker. Unalaschka,
Chamisso. May.— If Stem 6-12 inches long, very slender. Leaves
about i an inch long; veins very manifest under a glass. Flowers smaller
than in S. borealis. Seeds minutely tuberculate. — The inflorescence con-
sists of the ordinary central 1-floAvered ebracteolate peduncle, and two lateral
few-flowered peduncles evolved somewhat later ; and the stem is continued
by a fourth or adventitious branch, which throwing the inflorescence on one
side, appears like the main stem. — The character and description here given
are drawn from specimens collected by Dr. Darlington, which, as that excel-
lent botanist remarks, agree minutely with the European species to which
they are here referred. The shorter leaves and capsules, the tuberculate
seeds, and especiaOy the inflorescence, clearly distinguish the plant from S.
borealis.

16. ,S. crispa (Cham. & Schlecht.) : glabrous; stems diffuse, decumbent ;
leaves veiny, ovate, abruptly acute or acuminate r.t each end, the margin un-
dulate ; flowers axillary, solitary on short peduncles hardly longer than the
leaves ; petals mostly wanting, oi 2-parted and very much shorter than the
lanceolate 3-nerved sepals.— CAa???. ^ Schlecht. in Linncea, I. p. 51 ; Bong,
veg. Sitcha, I. c. p. 127.

tJnalaschka, Chamisso; Sitcha, Bongard ; Oregon, jiear Fort Van-
couver, in deep pine-woods, Nnttall .'— U Stems nearly simple. Leaves
much shorter than the internodes, i an inch or less in length, often obtuse or
subcordate at the base, with a central and an intramarginal nerve, the inter-
vening space beautifully reticulated. Capsule about the length of the calyx.
Seeds smooth.

17. S. calycanlha (Bongard): csespitose ; stems decumbent, flaccid:
leaves ovate-lanceolate, connate, the margin minutely ciliate with white
hairs, much shorter than the internodes ; cyme dichotomous; peduncles fili-
form; petals none; sepals ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved, a little shorter than the
obtuse subglobose capsule. Bong. veg. Sitcha, I. c. p. 127. — Arenaria
calycantha, Ledeb.

Sitcha, Bongard. — Leaves about 5 lines in length. Styles mostly 4.

18. S. brachypetala (Bongard) : stem simple, erect; leaves linear-lanceo-

Cerasticm. CARYOPHYLLACEiE. 187

late, rather thick ; petals and capsule half the length of the sepals. Bong.
ves: Sitcha. I. c. p. 126.

Sitcha.— Glabrous, a foot or more high. Cyme dichotomous. Petals
2-parted. Allied to S. crassifolia. Bongard.

./— 19. -S. lanuginosa: minutely woolly-pubescent; stem decumbent, elon-
• gated, much branched ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, mucronulate, attenuate at
the base; peduncles solitary, axillary, 1-flowered; petals mostly wanting ;
sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute, as lonsj as the obtuse capsule. — Spergulastrum
lanuginosum, Michx.fl. I. p. 275. Micropelalon lanuginosum, Pers. Stel-
laria elongata, Nutt. ! gen. 1. p. 2S9 ; DC. prodr. 1 . p. 99. Arenaria diffusa,
Ell. sk. I. p. 519.

Shady moist places, N. Carolina! to Florida (Apalachicola, Dr. Chap-
man!) and Louisiana west of the Mississippi, Dr. Hale. '—(T) Leaves some-
what fascicled in the axils, attenuate at the base, as if pctioled, punctate
under a lens. Petals (rarely 3, entire. Mr. Curtis, in litl.) (oval, scarcely
^ the length of the calyx, Elliott) none according to Michaux ^ Nutlall.

7. CERASTIUM. Linn.; Gcertn.fr. t. 130; DC. prodr. 1. p. 414.

Sepals 5, somewhat united at the base. Petals 5, bifid. Stamens 10, or
rarely fewer. Styles 5. Capsule 1-celled, cylindrical or roundish, membra-
naceous, opening at the apex by 10 (rarely 5) teeth. Seeds numerous. —
Chickweed. •

§ 1. Capsules cylindrical, icith circinale teeth. — Strephooon, Seringe

1. C. stellarioides (Mogino) : stem erect, branched, about 3-Powered ;
leaves oblonsr, acuminate; pedicels 1-flowered, terminal; sepals lanceolate ;
petals semibifid, twice the length of the calyx. DC. prodr. 1. p. 415.

Nootka Sound, Mogino in DC.

§ 2. Capsules cylindrical or ovate ; teeth straight %cith the margin revo-
lute. — Orthodon, Seringe.

* Petals not longer than the calyx.

— — "2. C. vidgatum, (h'lnn.): hirsute, pale green; stems ascending or spread-
ing; leaves ovate or obovate, very obtuse, attenuate at the base; flowers
somewhat capitate, when young longer than the pedicels ; capsule attenuate,
twice the length of the calyx. — Eng. bot. t. 789; DC. prodr. 1. p.ilo;
Darlins-t. ! fl. Cest. ed. 2. p. 277. C. semidecandrum, Walt. Car. p. 241.
(fide e'iI.) ; Pursh ! fi. 1. p. 320. C. hirsutum, Muhl. cat. p. 46 ; Ell. !
sk. \. p. 524. C, connatuui. Beck, fl. p. 55.

In cultivated grounds and waste places, Canada to Georgia ! Louisiana !
and Arkansas!" Introduced? April-Sept.— (l) Stem 6-12 inches high,
slightly viscid when young. — Often confounded with the succeeding species
by'Anierican authors. C. hirsutum, Muhl. d^c. is, as Dr. Darlington remarks,
hardly distinguishable from the European forms of C. vulgalum. It is ex-
actly the var. glomeratum, DC. except that it is more hairy.

"?*-" 3. C. viscosum (hinn.): hirsute and rather viscid; leaves lanceolate-ob-
long, obtusish ; cyme rather loosely flowered, with the pedicles longer than
the calyx ; capsule nearly twice as long as the calyx. — Eng. bot. t. 790 ;
DC. I. c; Darlingt. I. c. p. 278. C. vulgatum, Muhl. cat. (tide Darlingt.)
and others! C. fulvum, Raf. in Desv. jour, bot.?

(i. stamens .5. — C. semidecandrum, Linn.
. y. peduncles greatly elongated.— C. viscosum, var. elongatuni, Hook ■"'"•

bot. -n. i:r.

188 CARYOPHYLLACE^. Cerastium.

In fields, &c., Canada! to Louisiana, j^. Louisiana, Drwrnmcml. Intro-
duced? May-Sept. — U Stems spreading. Plant deeper green and less
hirsute than the preceding.

* * Petals longer lha?i Ike calyx.

4. C. alpinum (Linn.): silky-hirsute; stems decumbent, few-flowered;
leaves elliptical-ovate ; peduncles more or less elongated; petals bifid at ihe
point, twice the length of the rather obtuse scariouslv -margined and haiiy
sepah ; capsule nearly twice as long as the calyx. — Evtr. bol. f. 472 ; /?. Br.
in Ross''s toy. ; Hook..' a pp. Parnfs 2nd voy. p. 3tO, if- /7. Ear. -Am.. 1. p.
104.

/?. glahratwn (Hook.): leaves and sepah nearly glabrous, Hrok.! I. c.

y. Fischeriarmm : hirsute wiih a more lipid j ubcsccnce.— C. Fischcri-
anura, Ser. in DC. I. c. ; Cham. (^ Schlpcht. in lAvvoia. \. p. fiO.

Arctic America! from Greenland to Sitcha. y. Kotztbue's Sound, Fis-
cher! Beechey ! & Unalaschka. — If Plant 2-5 inches high. FlcAvcrs large.

5. C. Beeringianurn (Cham. & Schlecht.) : hirsute, viscous above; stems
decumbent and leafy at the base; the flowering ones erect, eJcrcated. rrd
few-leaved; leaves oblong, rather acutish ; flowers at length nodding; sepals
elliptical, acute ; petals and cansule half as long again as the calyx. Cham.
^ Schhcht. I. c. p. 62.

Bay of Eschscholtz, Chamisso ; Kotzebue's Sound, Fischer! — If Plant
8 inches high, 6-7-flowered.

V 6. C. arvense {\j'\na..): stems declined at the base, retrorsely pubescent,
few-flowered on an elongated j)eduncle ; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate,
rather acute; petals obcordate, twice the length of the rather cbtu^e sepals;
capsul? oblong, scarcely exceeding the calvx. — Eng. tot. t. £3; DC. picdr.
1. p. 419 ; Hook. ! f. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 104. C. Pennsylvanicvm, Kcivcmcr.v ;
DC. I. c. C. tenuifoUum, Pursh ! fl. 1. p. 321 ; Torr. ! fl. 1. p. 460; Dar-
linsrt.! I. c. C. elongatum, Fursh! I. c. ; JVutt. ! in jour. acad. Phi/ad. 7.
p. 16.

Rocky places, Canada! to Georgia! and west to the Rocky Mountains!
and Oregon! May-July. — If Somewhat caespito^e, 2-8 inches high. Leaves
6-14 lines long, longer or shorter than the internodes, obluse or acute,
som^imes fascicled in the axiU. Flowers rather large. Degree of pu-
bescence very variable. Capsule (inallv oblong, equal to or a little short-
er than the calyx. — If the cap.=ule in the European C.arvense (of which
we have no specimen^ in fruit) be uniformly twice the length of the calyx,
a3 described by DeCandolle, it may be distinct frcm the American plant:
but Hooker (in Ji. SjoL) describes the capiule as scarcely longer than the
calyx.

^'" 7. C. oblongifolium (Ton.): stems erect or declined, villous; leaves ob-
long-lanceolate, mo 4ly obtuse ; flowers numerous; peduncles viscid ; petals
obovate, 2-cleft, tv.'ice the length of the cblorg obtuse sej-als: crp^ule clcut
twice as long as the calyx. — Torr.! in Sill. jour. 4. p. 63, <^ fJ. 1. p. 4lO.
C. villosum, " yl/?f/i/. cat. p. 46"; Darlingt! Ji. Cest. ed. 2.' p. 279. C.
pube;cens, Goldie, in Edinh. phil. jonr. i. p. 3S7 ? C. Penn-vlvanicum,
Hook. I. c. ? (excl. ^yn. C. tenuifol.) C. arvcn^e, Pursh, f. 1. p. '231 ?

Rocky places, Canada ! to Pennsylvania ! April-June. — If Stems 6-12
inches high, stout, very villous, toment05e below and at the rodes. Leaves
an inch or more long, sometimes shorter, ovate-lanceolate and obtuse, villous
or rather glabrous except the ma gins. Cyme twice or thrice dicholomcus :
peduncles villose and viscid. Flowers larger than in C. arven«e. Petals
cleft nearly J their hngth. — Much as this species differs from C. arvense,
yet occasionally specimens of the laaejr nearly apprdach it in some respegts.

SiLENE. CARYOPHYLLACE^. 189

8. C. rigidum (Ledtb.): hirsute; sttm errct. sin^ple below, dirhoto-
mou; toward? the summit ; leaves oblon;^, acute ; peduncles elongated; se-
pals lanceolate, acute ; petals bifid, longer than the sepals ; capsule oblong,
smooth, more than twice the length of the calyx. DC. — '" I^cdfb. in viem.
ocad. St. Petersb. 5. p. 538; DC. prodr. 1. p. 420; Cham. & Schlecht.
I. c. p. 62.

Unalaschka, Chamiiiso. — Hirsute with spreading hairs, near 2 feet high.
DC. — Chamisso describes a variety smaller in all its parts.

y- 9. C. nutans (Rat.): viscid and pubescent; stems erect, weak, branching
from the base, sulcate-striate; intemodes finally mnch longer than ihe leaves;
leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, the lowermost oblong--patulale, acute ;
cym:- much elongated, divaricate, many-flowered, with long filiform pedicels ;
petah oblong, bifid at (he apex, exceeding the oblong sepals; capsule cylin-
drical, incurved, three times the length of the calyx. — Raf. prec. decmiv. p.
36; To/T. .' fi.l. p. 459 (excl. syn. C. pubescens) ; DC. prodr. 1. ;;. 420 ;
Hnok. I. C.J Darling.', fl. Cent. ed. 2. p. 280. C. longipedunculatum, AhiJd.
cat. p. 47. C. glutino;um. NiUl. gen. 1. /;. 291.

Low moiu grounds, Hudson's Bay to Louisiana! and west to Oregon. —
(J) Stem 8-10, often 14, inches high, very viscid and arachoid-toraentose
wh?n young. L?aves pale green, the earliest small, at length 1-2 inches
long.— Variable in size; beginning to flower Avhen not more than 2 or 3
inches high.

X Doubtful species.

10. C. bracteatum(Roif.): pubescent; stem Avcak, terete ; leave? oblong,
slightly mucronate; flowers erect, dicholomous, bracteate ; bracts ovate,
acute; petals about the length of t!ie calyx; capsules nerveless, erect. Baf.
pre", dccouc. p. 36 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 420.

Pennsylvania, Rajinesque.

Tribe II. SILENEiE. DC.

Sepals united into a cylindrical tube. Petals ungulculate, inserted
with the stamens upon the stipe of the ovary.

8. SILENE. Linii. ; Otth, in DC. prodr. I. p. 367.

Calyx tubular, without scabs at the base, 5-toothcd. Petals 5, with slen-
■der claws, which are crowned with scales at the summit ; limb 2-cleft. Sta-
mens 10. Styles 3. Capsule 3-celled at the base, opening at the top by 6
teeth.

§ 1. Cespitose: stem^ scarcely any : calyx slightly inflated: peduncles
1-Jlowerei. — Nanosilene, Olth.

1. S. acaulii (Linn.): densely caespitose; haves linear, ciliate at the
hx,? ; p 'duacles short ; calvx campanulate ; petals (purple) obcordate, crown-
ed ; flowers dioesi jus by abortion.— 5oL mag. t. 1081 ; Pursh, f. 1. p. 316 ;
Hook.! ft. Bor.-Am. l.'p. S7.

Arctic America! to Rocky Mountain^, lat. 40\ Dr. .lames! White Hills,
New Hampshire, Mr. Oakes !—li Plant 1-3 inches high.

§ 2. Flowers solitary or in paniculate cymes: calyx (except in S. ovata)
vesicular^ £n/Zafe(2.-*Bebenantka, Otth.

190 CARYOPHYLLACE^. Siliwe.

2. <S. stellata (Ait.) : stem erect, branching, minutely pubescent ; leaves
whorled in fours, ovate-lanceolate, gradually acuminate ; cymes panicled ;
petals lacerate-fimbiiate, not crowned ; stamens about the length ol' the pe-
tals.—^i^. Kew. 3. p. 84; DC. I. c. ; Hook. f. Bor.-Am. \. p. 88. Cucuba-
lus stejlatus, Limi.; Mich.v. ! fl. 1. p. 271.

Dry woods, Canada ! to S. Carolina and west to Arkansas ! June-Aug.
— If Stem 2-3 feet high. Upper leaves opposite. Petals white.

3. S. ovata (Pursh) : stem simple, erect, puberulent; leaves opposite, lan-
ceolate-ovate, acuminate ; cyme panicled; calyx ovate, not inflated; petals
multifid, not crowned ; stamens exserted. — Pursh, jl. 1. p. 316. Cucubalus
polypetalus, Walt. Car. p. 141 1

Western parts of Virginia and Carolina, Pursh (ex spec, in herb. Banks),
Milledgeville, Georgia, Dr. Boykin! Rutherford County, N. Carolina, Cur-
tis!— Stems many from the same root, 2-4 feet high, stout. Leaves broad
at the base and almost connate, tripli-veined ; the lower ones oblong-lanceo-
late, 4-5 inches long; the upper shorter and more nearly ovate. Calyx small,
10-striate, with very short teeth. Petals white; claws exserted, with the
rudiments of a crown; limb about 4-cleft nearly to the base; lobes linear,
dichotomous ; segments linear, 2-cleft or toothed at the apex. The stamens
opposite the petals cohere with the base of the claws, and are protruded la-
ter than thp others: filaments very long and slender. Ovary oblong, the sum-
mit very obtuse. Habit of S. stellata, except that the calyx is not inflated.
(Description from specimens and notes communicated by Dr. Boykin.)

-/- 4. »S'. nixiea (DC.) : minutely puberulent ; stem simple or dichotomous
above; leaves oblong-lanceolate, gradually acuminate, the floral ones lanceo-
late-ovate and much smaller ; flowers subsolitary ; calyx tubular-campanu-
late, the teeth very short and obtuse; limb of the petals cimeiform, 2-cleft,
with a minute 2-parted croAvn ; stipe longer than the ovary. — DC. prodr. 1.
p. 377. Silenealba (not, as Nuttall writes, S. nivca), Muhl. cat. p. 45, <f
herh. ! cy- Jl. Lancast. ined. 1. p. 320. Cucubalus niveus, Nuti. ! gen. 1. p.
287 ; Torr. fl. 1. p. 449.

0. land folia : glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, elongated.
On an island in the Susquehannah river near Columbia, Pennsylvania,
Muhlenberg ! (who adds in^. Lancast. I. c. : " Habeo etiam e Harmonia.")
In shady moist places. Canton, Illinois, Mr. Buckley! June-July. — If
Stem 1-3 feet high. Leaves 2 (in P. often 4) inches long, generally longer
than the iuternodes. Flowers solitary or nearly so at the summit of the stems
and branches : pedicels rather short, filiform. Calyx at length membranace-
ous, somewhat inflated and reticulat?d, subclavate, a little shorter than the
claws of the petals. Petals white ; limb not half the length of the claw.
.Capsule subglobose, raised on the slender stipe.

-^ b. S. inflata (Smith): glabrous and glaucous; stem branching; leaves
oblong, acute; calyx vesicular, ovate; petals bifid, naked, Avith cuneiform
claws ; styles very long. — DC. prodr. 1. p. 368 ; Hook. ! Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p.
88. Cucubalus Behen, Micha^. ! fl. 1. p. 271 ; Torr. ! fl. 1. p. 449.

Near Q,uebec, Mrs. Percival! Near Boston, Bigelow. Introduced. — 71
Stem a foot or more high. Petals white. Stamens exserted. Styles longer
than the stamens.

6. <S. Douglasii (Hook.) : minutely pubescent ; stem erect, very slender;
leaves remote, linear, elongated and narrow, attenuated at each end ; flowers
few, on slender peduncles ; calyx obovate, at length inflated and membrana-
ceous, abrupt at the base, pubescent ; limb of the petals bifid. — Hook. fl.
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 88.

Along the Oregon to the Rocky Mountains, Douglas^ Nuttall ! — If Plant
2--3 feet Mgh, simple. Leaves 2-4 inches long, 1-2 lines wide. Calyx ob-

SiLENE. CARYOPHYLLACE^. 191

scurely reticulated according? to Hooker^ not at all so accordincf to Nuttall.
Petals (white, Hook.) pale red {Nxtt.). — On comparing the description of
Hooker with a specimen and notes communicated by Nuttall, no material
difference is observable, except in the points in which we have contrasted
the one with the other. But it does not appear that Hooker has seen the
living plant, and the color might be easily mistaken in dried specimens.

§ 3. Plowers subracemose-spicate ; peduncles opposite. — Otites, Otih.

7. S. Scouieri (Hook.) : somewhat viscid-pubescent ; stem simple, erect,
remotely leafy, with swollen nodes ; leaves lariceolate or linear-lanceolate,
plane; spike long ; flowejs erect; calyx oblong-clavate, 10-striate ; petals bi-
fid. Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. \. p. 88.

Oregon, 'Douglas., Scouler, cf Nuttall ! N. W. Coast, Menzies— (T) or (5)
{H Dougl.) Stem solitary, 1-2 feet high. Petals white or rose-color. Sta-
mens and styles exserted. Near S. viscosa. Hook. — Lobes of the petals
emarginate. Nutt. mss.

§ 4. Flowei's spicate or racemose, axillary., alternate : peduncles not op-
posite.— Stachymorpha, Otth.

8. iS. qulnquevidnera (Linn.): villous; stem branching ; leaves oblong-
spatulate, obtuse, the uppermost linear; spike somewhat one-sided; calyx
very villous, with short teeth ; petals small ; lamina roundish, entire ; crown
hiM.~Eng. bot. t. 86 ; Michx. ! ft. 1. p. 272 ; Ell. sk. 1. p. 515 ; DC. prodr.
Lp. 372.

Sea-shore, Southern States. California, Douglas ! Introduced 1 June-
July.— (1) Stem 8-12 inches high, clothed with flat jointed hairs. Petals
pink or crimson, with the border pale.

9. S. nocturna (lAxxn,'): s^em branching, hairy below; leaves pubescent,
ciliate at the base, the lower ones spatulate, the upper linear-lanceolate ;
spike one-sided, dense; flowers appressed ; calyx cylindrical, almost gla-
brous, reticulated between the ribs ; petals narrow, 2-parted. DC. I. c. — Pursh,

Jl. \. p. 316 ; Torr.fl. 1. p. 450. S. Nicseensisl Cham, f Schlecht. I. c.l
Pennsylvania and Virginia (Pursh, Schweinitz). Introduced from Eu-
rope.— (i) Petals white, greenish beneath.

10. 5f. Dritmmo7idii (Hook.) : glandular-pubescent and viscid ; stems
erect strict, simple ; leaves rcraote, linear-lanceolate ; raceme loose, few-flow-
ered, with the pedicels elongated and usually alternate ; calyx oblong-cylin-
drical, erect. Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 89, f in bot. Beechey, p. 135. S.
Nicaeensis? Cham. <f- Schlecht, I. c, fide Hook.

Oregon and California. — U Stem 1-2 feet high. Flowers 3-.5, strict.
Petals white, scarcely longer tkan the calyx. Capsule sessile. Hook.

§ 5. Stems strict: peduncles filiform : calyx campanulate or cylindrical. —

Rupifraga, Otth.

-'■ 11. S. Antirrhina (Linn.): glabrous; stem erect, simple or branching
above; leaves lanceolate, acute, upper ones linear, the margins minutely
ciliate-scabrous ; cyme few-flowered ; calyx ovate, smooth and shining ;
petals small, obcord'ate, slightly croAvned. — Dill. hort. Elth. p. 422, t. 213 ;
Pursh, ft. 1. p. 316 ; Honk. ! I. c. p. 89.

Dry places, Canada! to Georgia, west to Oregon ! April-June. — (I) Stem
slender. 8-30 inches hiijh, puberulent or scabrous at the base, a portion of the
upper internodes usually viscid. Peduncles erect. Teeth of the calyx very

192 CARYOPHYLLACEiE. Silene,

short, tinged with purple. Petals white or tinged with purple, inconspicu-
ous. Seeds minutely papillose.

§ 6. Flowers in sovieuhat panicled CT/mes, or solitary : pedicels cjpcsitey
short: calyx tubular. — Siphonomorpha, Otth.

~f-'12. S. nocti flora (hinn.): viscid-pubescent; stem erect, branching; lower
leaves spatulate, the upper ones linear ; calyx cylindrical-ventricose, the al-
t?rnate striae veined; teeth very long, subulate; petals 2-parted. — DC.
prodr. 1. /;. 379; Eng. hot. t. 291 ; Cuvrtn.fr. t. 130.

In cuhivated places, Northern States ! Introduced from Europe. — Flow-
ers rather large, expanding only in the evening or in cloudy weather: petals
white or pale rose-color.

13. S.mxiUicav.h; {^\xtt\ mss.) : " minutely'] ubescent ; sttms numerous,
erect, rigid ; leaves linear-oblanceolate, rather acute ; flowers few, en s-horlith
peduncles; calyx ovate-cylindrical, slightly ir.fiatcd, IC-striate. -VAiih cbtuse
teeth ; petal? bifid.

" Woods from the west side of the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific. — Ij!
Stems about a foot high, not viscid. Root [rhizoma] stout. Upper leaves
very small. Flowers in threes, pale red. Calyx subclavate in fruit. Seeds
brown, margined with a scaly crest." Nutt.

—j^ 14. 5". Pennsylvanica (Michx.) : viscidlv pubescent ; stems numerous
from the same root; leaves lanceolate, acute, the radical ones fpatulate-ob-
lanceolate ; cyme several -iiowered ; petals obovate, very obtuse, crostly
crenulate-fraarginate — Mich.r. ! f. \. p. 272; Ell. sk. \.p. 516 ; JJC.prcdr.
1. p. 380. S. Caroliniana. Walt. Car. p. U21 S. Virginica, Willd.sp.2.
p. 702 ? S. platypetala, Otth, in DC. I. c. p. 383.

Dry rocky places, Canada? to Georgia! and west to Kentucky! April-
June. — H Rout fusiform. Stems 8-12 inches high, often declined at the
base. Leaves generally more or less acute; the radical ones attenuate into
petioles. Calyx clavate, at length ventricose above, very viscid. Petals
light purple (sometimes rose-color or Avhite, Ell.)^ crowned.

-/■• 15. S. Virginica {Umx)..) : viscidly pubescent; stem simple; radical leaves
spatulate, with ciliate petioles; cauline ones oblong-lanceolate; cyme se-
veral-flowered; petals bifid; stamens exserted. — Linn. syst. 2. p. 311?;
Mich.v.! fl. 1. p. 272 (in part); Ell. sk. 1. p. 516; DC. I. c. S. Cateshaji,
Walt. Car. p. 142 ; DC. I. c.

a. Stem often declined at the base ; radical leaves obtuse or abruptly acute,,
those of the barren shoots ample, on long petioles; cyme spreading, ofttn
with lateral branches from the axils of the upper leaves.

0. smaller ; stem erect ; leaves mostly obtuse, margins unc'ulate ; the hasc^
of the radical ones and the lower part of the stem more or less tomentose y
peduncles nearly erect. — S. Caroliniana, Walt. I. c.7

Upper Canada {Hooker) and Ohio ! to Georgia ! and west to the Missis-
sippi. June-July. — H Root horizontal. Stem 1-2 feet high. Upper
leaves very short. Flowers very large. Calyx campanulate-cyiindrical, aU
hngth rather ventricose. Petals crimson, slightly, or mostly deeply, 2-cleft,,
the lobes sometimes toothed. — Our two varieties pass into lach other insen-
sibly ; but the first we receive exclusively from the Western States; the-
second we have only received from Georgia.

16. <S. rotundifnlia CNuU.): pubescent; stem Aveak, decumbent, branch-
ing ; leaves membranaceous, roundish-oval, abruptly and slightly acuminate ;
the lower ones obovate, attenuate at the base; flowers subsolitary ; petals
bifid, with the lobes toothed or incised. — Nutt. ! gen. 1. p. 288 ; DC. prodr.
1. p, 233. S. Virginica, var. leaves broadly oval, Michx. I. c.

SiLENE. CARYOPHYLLACEiE. 193

On moist shady rocks, Western States. Kentucky, Short I June-
Aug. — Pubescent with weak hairs, particnhirly Avhen yuun?. Leaves 1-3
inches long and 1-2 inches broad, the uppermost suborbicular. Fk)wer3
usually solitary on the ends of the branches, very large. Calyx campanu-
late-cylindrica'i, at length clavate-ventricose- Petals crowned, deep scarlet ;
lobes '2-toothed at the extremity, and with a remote subulate tooth.

17. S.regia (Sims): pubcrulent-scabrous, somewhat viscid; stem erect
and rigid ; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate ; cyme paniculate, rather strict,
many-tlowered ; petals oblanceolate, usually entire; stamens and styles ex-
serted.— Sims, in hot. mag. t. 1721; Niitl.! gen. 1. p. 288; DC. I. c. H.
Virginica, var. " panicle coarctate, with the flowers somewhat fascicled,"
Mich.T. I. c.

Ohio! to Louisiana! Kentucky, Short! (Montreal, Dr. Holmes! Indi-
genous ?) June-July.— U Stems stout, 4-5 feet high, nodes close below
and tumid, often branched above. Flowers very large. Calyx tubular, at
length ovoid -cylindrical, long, conspicuously 10-striate. Petals bright scar-
let, spatulate-lanccolate, eroded ; croAvn 2-cuspidate.

18. S. Hookeri (Nutt. mss.): " subdecumbent, softly pubescent; leaves
lanceolate, acute, attenuate below; stems dichotomal; branches about two,
with 3 large flowers on long peduncles; calyx cylindric-subcampanulate,
with acute teeth; petals divaricately 4-cleft.

" Woods of the Wahlamet, Oregon. The only specimen I have seen
was collected by Dr. Gardiner.— If Stem about a span long. Leaves rather
approximate, obscurely 3-nerved. The first flowers dichotomal [termuiatmg
the stem], the last opposite and terminal ; in all about 7. Calyx 10-striate.
Petals white, more conspicuous than in S. Virginica, about twice the length
of the calyx. Habit of S. Baldwinii, but with very different petals." Nutt.

19. S. Baldwinii (Nutt.) : pilose ; stem weak ; lower leaves obovate or
spatulate, obtuse, the upper oval ; cyme 3-5-floAvered ; petals with the limb
broadly cuneiform, deeply and divaricately fimbriate. — Nutt.! gen. \. p.
288 ; DC. I. c. S. fimbriata, Baldw. in Ell. sk. 1. p. 515, not of Sims.

In rich soil on the banks of Flint River, Georgia, Baldwin! Apalachi-
cola, Dr. Chapman! April.— li Stem erect, 6-12 inches high. Calyx
tubular-infundibuliform ; teeth oblong, obtuse. Petals rery large, pale rose-
color.

§ 7. Stems leaf ij to the summit: peduncles axillary and terminal, l-fiow-
ered. Hook,

-7^ 20. S. Menziesii (Hook.) : minutely glandular-pubescent ; stem erect,
dichotomously branched; leaves crowded, ovate-lanceolate, the lowermost
oblong-ovate, acuminate at both ends ; flowers numerous ; peduncles about
the length of the leaves ; limb of the 2-parted petals with the segments linear,
much longer than the obovate deeply 5-toothed calyx; styles thickened
above, conspicuously bearded within.— //ooA-./. Bar. -Am. 1. p. 99. t. 30.

N. W. America, from Oregon (Aultall !) to Slave ha\ie {Rich ardso7i).
Stem 6-12 inches high. Flowers the size of S. quadridentata. Petals not
crowned. Somewhat of the habit of Saponarla ocymoides. Hook.

21. iS. stellarioides (Nutt.! mss.): "minutely pubescent; stem erect,
scarcely branched; flowers few; leaves lanceolate-oblong, acuminate; pe-
duncles longer than the leaves; petals bifid, longer than the obovate deeply
5-toothed calvx ; styles slender and smooth.

"Woods, from Oregon to the western slope of the Rock}' Mountains,
nearly to the Fort of Wallawallah.— Stem 3-6 inches high. Peduncles li
to 2 inches long, mostly ullernate. Flowers few and white, very similar to

25

194 CARYOPHYLLACE^. Lychnis.

those of Stellaria. Petals not crowned. — Closely allied to S. Menziesii, but
a much smaller plant, not diffusely branched, the flowers twice as large,
and the stigmas smooth." Nuit. — The left figure of t. 30. Hook. fl. I. c re-
presents this species pretty well.

§ 8. Cymes corymbose : calyx clavate, elongated, lO-striate. — Atocion,
Otth.

22. »S. Armeria (Linn.) : glabrous and slightly glaucous ; stem branch-
ing, glutinous below each node; leaves ovate-lanceolate; petals obcordate,
crowned.— i;«o-. bot. t. 1398; BCprodr. 1. p. 383 ; Hook. I. c.

Upper Canada, Hooker ; Michigan ! Massachusetts ! Introduced from
Europe. June-July. — Calyx and pflals purplish.

X Doubtful species.

23. S. axillaris (Leavenworth) : viscous-pubescent ; stem branching;
leaves oval, somewhat toothed, petioled ; flowers sessile, solitary, axillary.
Leavenworth, in Sill. jour. 7. p. 62.

Prairies of Greene County, Alabama. Aug. — Habit of Cuphsea. Stem 8
inches high. Leaves ovate, acute at the base. Flowers purple. Leaven-
worth.— Probably not a Caryophyllaceous plant.

9. LYCHNIS. DC. fl. Fran., ^ prodr. 1. p. 385.

Lychnis & A grosiema., Linn.

Calyx tubular, 5-toothed, without scales at the base. Petals 5, with slen-
der claws, mostly crowned. Stamens 10. Styles 5. Capsule 1-ceUed or
5-celled at the base.

§ 1. Calyx ovoid, with short teeth : stipe of the ovary very short or none.
— Agrostema, DC.

1. L. apetala (Linn.): pubescent ; stem simple ; calyx rather cyhndrical,
striate, finally inflated and including the petals ; seeds ariUed. Hook. !
fl. Bar. -Am. 1. p. 91.

*. stem short, about 1-flowered. Hook. I. c. — L. apetala, DC. prodr. 1,
p. 386.

p. stem 3--6-flowered, elongated. Hook. I. c. — L. apetala, P. pauciflora,
DC. I. c. L. pauciflora, Fischer.

Arctic America ! — Plant 3-12 inches high. Leaves hnear, the lower
ones spatulate. Petals red. — Several varieties are noticed by Chamisso &
Schlechtendahl in Linncea, I. c.

2. L. alpina (Linn.) : glabrous ; stems csespitose, strict; cymes capitate ;
calyx campanulate ; petals bifid ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute. — Pursh, fl.
1. p. 321 ; Fl. Dan. t. 65; DC. I. c. ; Hook. I. c.

Labrador ! (Pursh, i^c. — v. s. in herb. Schweinitz.)

§2. Calyx cylindrical-campanulatc, coriaceous ; teeth very long: stipe
none. — Githago, DC.

.-^ 3, L. Githago (Lam.) : hirsute ; stem dichotomous ; flowers on long pe-
duncles ; leaves linear. — DC. prodr. 1. p. 387. Agrostema Githago, Linn.
In cultivated fields. June-July. Introduced from Europe. — @ Petals
purple, not crowned ; limb obeordate. Corn-Cockle.

DiANTHDS. CARYOPHYLLACEiE. 195

10. SAPONARIA. Linn. ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 365.

Calyx tubular, 5-toothed, without scales at the base. Petals 5 ; claws as
long as the calyx. Stamens 10. Styles 2. Capsule 1-celIed.

^ 1. S. officinalis (hian.) : fascicles panicled ; calyx cylindrical; crown of
the petal's linear ; leaves oval or oval-lanceolate.— /'w/^Vt, Ji. 1. p. 311 ; DC.
prodr. I. c.

In waste places, New- York ! to Georgia. July-Aug. Introduced.—
')i Flowers large : petals often doubled, rose-color.

-/- 2. S. Vaccaria (Linn.) : flowers in paniculate cymes; calyx pyramidal,

5-angled, glabrous ; bracts membranaceous, acute ; leaves ovate-lanceolate,

sessile.— trceW;i. fr. t. 130; DC. prodr. 1. p. 365. Gypsophila Vaccaria,

Smith.

In cultivated places ; hardly naturalized. July-Aug.— (1) Petals pale red.

11. DIANTHUS. Linn. J DC. prodr. 1. p. 355.

Calyx tubular, 5-toothed, with 2-4 opposite imbricate scales at the base.
Petals 5, with long cliws. Stamens 10. Styles 2. Capsule 1-celled. Em-
bryo slightly curved.

1. D. repens (WiM.) : stem l-flowered; calycine scales 2, ovate-lanceo-
late, acuminate, a little shorter than the calyx ; petals toothed ; leaves linear,
glabrous. Hook.— Willd. sp. 2. p. 681; DC. prodr. 1. p. 358; Cham. ^
Scklecht. in LinncBa, 1. p. 37; Hook. fi. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 87.

N. W. Coast; also a native of Siberia.— The specific name is not well
chosen, as the root is perpendicular, not creeping. Cham. & Schlecht.

-^ 2. D. Armeria (Linn.): flowers fascicled; calycine scales lanceolate-subu-
late, about the length of the tube; leaves linear-subulate, hirsute. — Eng. bot.
t. 317; Pursk, Jl. 1. p. 314; DC. I. c. D. armerioides, Raf. in Desv.
jour. bot. 2. p. 569.

In fi-4ds and pine woods, Massachusetts! to Maryland. July. Introdu-
ced.—(T) Stem a foot high. Lower leaves spatjlate-lanceolate. Flowers
inodorous : petals red, with white dots, crenate.

3. D. Carol ini ana (WaXt): flowers aggregated, on long peduncles ; caly-
cine scales half as long as the tube. Walt. Car. p. 140.

South Carolina, Walter.— D. prolifer was some time since cultivated at
Bariram's garden under this name.

Order XXV. PORTULACACEtE. Juss.

Sepals 2 (rarely 3), mostly united at the base, free or (in some For.
tulacas) cohering with the base of the ovary. Petals 5, or very rarely
3, 4, or 6, imbricated in aestivation. Stamens variable in number,
opposite the petals when of the same number, inserted with the petals
into the base of the calyx, or hypogynous : filaments all fertile, dis-
tinct: anthers fixed by the middle, versatile or introrse. Ovary
' l-celled by the obliteration of the dissepiments: styles 2-6, usually
more or less combined, stigmatose along the inner surface. Capsule
l-celled, dehiscing transversely (a pyxidium), or lociilicidal with as

196 PORTULACACEiE. Talinum.

many valves as stigmas : placenta in the axis. Seeds numerous or
few, campulitropous. Embryo curved around the outside of mealy
albumen. — Succulent insipid plants. Leaves alternate or opposite,
entire, exstipulate. Flowers axillary or terminal, mostly ephemeral.

Exclud'ms; from the order Triantliema (which should certainly be placed with Sesu-
vium, as Arnott suggests), Cypselea (probably a co-ordinate with Sesuvium), and
Giiiginsia (which is referred to Illecebrace£e by Bartling, &c.), no exceptions remain
to the character of Portulacaceas as given above. Hydropyxis, Raf. maybeleftout
of the question, as it was founded on a plant which the author never saw. Leptri-
na, of the same author, is a wholly doubtful plant; perhaps Montia.

1. PORTULACA. Tourn. ; DC. prodr. 3. p. 353.

Sepals 2, united below, sometimes cohering with the base of the ovary ;
the upper portion at length deciduous, separating from the lower near the
base by a transverse line. Petals 4-6, inserted on the calyx, equal. Sta-
mens 8-20. Style 3-6-cleft at the apex or parted. Capsule subglobose, de-
hiscing transversely near the middle. Seeds numerous, on filiform funi-
culi.— Humble fleshy herbs. Leaves scattered, often whorled near the
flowers, frequently with a tuft of hairs in their axils. Flowers expanding
only in sunshine.

1. P. oleracea (Linn.) : diffuse ; leaves cuneiform, the axils and nodes
naked; flowers sessile; petals 5, coherent at the base; stamens 10-12;
styles distinct nearly to the base. — DC. pi. gras. t. 123, ^* prodr. I. c. ; Ell.
sk. 1. p. 534.

Cultivated and waste places, nearly throughout N. America ; introduced :
indigenous on the saline plains of the Missouri, according to Nuitall <^ Dr.
James ! — Q) Flowers pale yellow. — Purslane.

2. P. pilosa (Linn.) : low, diffuse ; leaves lanceolate or linear, obtuse,
with tufts of long hairs in their axils ; flowers crowded and sessile at the
summit of the branches in a dense tuft of hairs ; petals 5 (purple), coherent
at the base; stamens about 20.— GcErt7i.fr. t. 128; Bot. reg. t. 792; DC. I.
c. ; Torr. ! in ami. lye. New- York, 2. p. 202.

In barren places, N. Carolina? (ex herb. Schweinitz !) On dry rocks,
Arkansas &c., Nuttall ! Dr. James ! Dr. Leavenworth ! Texas, Dnim-
mond ! — (1) A native also of Mexico and South America.

2. TALINUM. Adans. (in part.) ; Sims, hot. mag. t. 1357.

Sepals 2, ovate, concave, deciduous. Petals 5, sessile, hypogynous. Sta-
mens 10-20, inserted with the petals, and often coherent with them at the
base. Style trifid. Capsule subglobose, 3-valved, many-seeded.

§ Stigmas or lobes of the style short, connivent. Perennial herbs, with
a short thick andfirm stem, and terete subulate fleshy leaves : Jlowers
in a terminal dichotomous cyme, expanding for a single day. — Pheme-

RANTHUS, Raf.

7^ 1. T. teretifolium. (Pursh): stem simple or branched; leaves crowded at
the summit of the short branches ; peduncle elongated ; petals purple ; sta-

Calandrinia. PORTULACACEiE. 197

mens about 20.— Pursh ! fl. 2. -p. 365 ; Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 6; Darlingt. ! Jl.
Cesl. ed. 1. 1. 3, ed. 2. p. 36'5. Pheraeranthus tcrctifolius, Jtc/f. speech. 1. p. 86.
Oq naked rocks, Westchester, Pennsylvania, Darlington! Virginia,
Pursh ! N. Carolina, Schweinitz ! West to the fails of the St. Croix, Dr.
Houghton! Arkansas, Dr. Pitcher! Nuttall! Dr. James! Texas,
Drummund ! June-Aug. — Perennial stems 1-3 inches long, throwing out
fibrous roots : annual stems about the same length. Peduncles 5-8 inches
high. Bracts ovate-lanceolate, very small, produced at the base. The
valves of the capsule on falling away leave a kind of replum in the form of
3 minute bristles. Placenta roundish, raised on a stipe.

•f" 2. T. parviflorum (Nutt. ! mss.) : " small ; leaves slender ; stamens
5?-10."

On rocks, Arkansas; with the preceding species, Nuttall! — A distinct
species, according to Nuttall, with much smaller flowers than T. teretifolium.

3. CALANDRINIA. //. B. ^ K. nov. gen. 6. p. 77, f syn. 3. p. 376.

Sepals 2, persistent, ovate, obtuse or acute, united at the base. Petals 3-5,
hypogynous, equal, raiely connate at the base, sessile. Stamens 4-15, hypo-
gynous, sometimes coherent with the base of the petals, with which, when
of the same number, they are often alternate. Style short : stigmas 3,
thickish, short. Capsule oblong or elliptical, 3-valved, many-seeded. Seeds
turgid, smooth and shining. — More or less succulent glabrous herbs. Leaves
alternate. Flowers axillary and solitary along the upper part of the stem, or
subracemose.

This genus is intermediate between Talinum and Claytonia..

1. C. Menziesii (Hook.) : caulescent ; leaves linear-spatulate ; the lower
ones on long peduncles, with the margins naked; the upper ones glandulose-
ciliate ; sepals acutely carinate, glandulose-ciliate on the margins and keel ;
flowers peduncled, axillary. Hook. — Talinum? (Calandrinia?) Menziesii,
Hook.fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 223, t. 70.

On the coast, south of the mouth of the Oregon, Menzies ex Hook., whose
specimens were in fruit only : a small plant ; stems 2-4 inches high. — Mr.
Nuttall has brought specimens, also in fruit, from St. Barbara, California,
which agree perfectly with Hooker's figure, except that the upper leaves and
sepals are very sparingly ciliate with minute processes of the cuticle rather
than hairs, which are moreover not glandular. We have the same plant from
Douglas's Californian collection in flower, with the margins of the leaves
almost wholly naked. The petals are rose-color or purple, rather longer than
the sepals ; the stamens 6-8, and the seeds numerous.

2. C. speciosa (Lindl.) : glabrous, difi'use; leaves spatulate, acute, attenu-
ate into a petiole ; flowers racemed ; peduncles shorter than the bracts ;
petals longer than the calyx. Lindl. in hot. reg. t. 1598.

N. California, Douglas, (v. s. cult.) — (J) Stems 4-5 inches high, ca;spi-
tose. Leaves fleshy. Raceme leafy : pedicels clavate. Sepals ovate, acute,
carinate. Petals (large) deep purple. Stamens 9-10. Lindl.

3. C. maritima (Nutt. ! mss.) : " glaucous ; leaves all in a radical cluster,
obovate-spatulate, thick and fleshy, somewhat petioled ; obtuse ; stems scapi-
form, diffuse ; flowers in a subcorymbose raceme; pedicels longer than the
bracts ; petals longer than the broadly ovate acute sepals."

St. Diego, California, on the sea coast, Nuttall ! May. — Flowers rather
large and showy, red. Nutt,

198 PORTULACACE^. Claytoxia.

4. CALYPTRIDIUM. Nutt. mss.

" Sepals 2, ovate, persistent. Petals united into a minute diaphanous coni-
cal corolla, slightly 3-toothed at the apex, soon detached from the base and
carried up on the summit of the elongated capsule. Stamen 1. Styles 2,
minute. Capsule oblong-linear, many times longer than the calyx, 2-valved !,
6-10-seeded. Seeds (circinate, compressed,) on filiform funiculi of unequal
length, rising from the base of the cell. — An annual succulent plant with the
habit of Calandrinia, much branched, depressed, with alternate spatulate
leaves. Spikes axillary, numerous, often several from the same point:
flowers small, somewhat secund."

C. monandrum (Nutt.! mss.) — Talinum monandrum, liuiz ^ Pav.
prodr. p. 65 1 Calandrinia monandra, DC. prodr. 3. p. 359?

" St. Diego, California. — Depressed, densely branched, glabrous. Radi-
cal leaves lanceolate-spatulate, obtuse, thick and succulent, in a rosulate clus-
ter. Sei)als slightly unequal, with scarious margins. Corolla minute, pale-
reddish. Capsule about \ of an inch long, compressed, pod-shaped, some-
what recurved ; valves membranaceous. Seeds placed at different heights
in the capsule inconsequence of the inequality of the funiculi, black and
shining. — Talinum monandrum, if not our plant, as is most probable, is doubt-
less a congener. The calyptriform corolla and dicarpellary fruit, which charac-
terize this genus, are curious anomalies in the order Porlulacacese." — Nutt.

5. CLAYTONIA. Linn.; Gcertn. fr. t. 129.

Sepals 2, persistent, distinct or united at the base, ovate, mostly obtuse.
Petals 5, hypogynous, obcordate, obovate, or oblong, emarginate or bifid,
sometimes entire, equal, unguiculate ; the claws more or less connate at the
base. Stamens 5, inserted on the claws of the petals. Styles 3-cleft, the
divisions slender, stigmatose Avithin. Capsule 3-valved, 2-5-seeded. Seeds
turo-id. smooth or punctate, shining. — Glabrous rather succulent herbs. Stems
simple, with a pair of opposite often connate leaves (or with several alternate
ones) ; radical leaves long-petioled. Racemes often one-sided. Flowers
rose-color or white.

§ 1. Perennial: stems simple, arising from a subterranean cormus {or
rhizoma) : caiUine leaves 2, opposite, distinct: raceme terminal, rarely
geminate. — Claytonia proper.

-j^ 1. C. Virginica (Linn.) : leaves all linear or linear-lanceolate, elongated
and' attenuated into petioles below, radical ones very few ; raceme at length
elono-ated ; pedicels slender, nodding ; petals mostly emargmate.—Bot.mag.
t 94I ; Michx.! ft. 1. p. 160; Ell. sk. 1. p. 306; Hook. ft. Bor.-Am.. 1. p.
224 (a.) ; DC. prodr. 3. p. 361 («. & /?•) ; Sweet, Brit. ft. gard, (ser.2.) t.
163. C.grandiflora, ^'ipee^, /. c. /. 216, fide /Too/c.

a. acutiftora: petals elliptical, acute [mostly with a slight emargmation] ;
sepals rather acute ; leaves elongated, narrowly linear. DC. I. c.

ff. media: petals obovate, obtuse [emarginate]; sepals obtuse ; leaves ob-
lon'T-linear or lanceolate. DC. I. c.

In low moist grounds, Canada ! (rare) to Florida ! Louisiana ! and Arkan-
sas ! most abundant in the Middle and Southern Atlantic states. March-
May.— Cormus fju-inaceous, deep in the ground. Leaves acutish. Flowers

Claytonia. PORTULACACE^. 199

5-15 ; the lowest and often nearly all tlif pedicels minutely bracteate. Pe-
tiii, pale rose-color or red, with deeper-colored veins. — Variable in many re-
sfjects, but apparently distinct from the succeeding species.

■/^. C. Caroliniana (Mi..hx'.): leaves ovate-lanceolate or oval, suhspatu-
late at the base, or abruptly decurrent into a petiole; radical ones very few,
spatulate ; pedicels slender, nodding ; sepals and petals very obtuse. — Miclu-.
Ji. 1. ]). 160; Ell.sk. I. c. C spathuluifoha, iSalisb. naiad. ImikI. i. 71 ;
Pursh,Jl. 1. p. 174 I Niilt. ! ^en. I. p. 152. C. Virginica /?. latilblia, Torr.!
fl. 1. /;. 259. C. Virginica y spathuWfolia, DC. I. c. ; Hook. I. c.

In woods from the mountainoiii parts of N. Carolina and the Western
States ! to the northern parts of Canada ! and New-Brunswick ; west to the.
Rocky Mountains (ffooker): ahandantin somewhat mountainous situations
throughout the Northern States. April. — A smaller plant thnn C. Virginica.
Leaves from 1 inch or less to 2 inches loni', variable in shape ; particularly
the cauline leaves, which are sometimes exactly oval, v/ith a distinct petiole
half an inch long, sometimes nearly spatulate. — The name given by Mich-
aux is inappropriate, as the plant has a more northerly range than C. Vir-
ginica, and is lare in the Southern States.

3. C. lanceolata (Pursh): root tuberous ; radical leaves (very feAv) ob-
long, on long petioles ; cauline ones elliptical, sessile, 3-nerved, with anasto-
mosing veins; raceme solitary, nodding; pedicels elongated, the lowest
bracteate ; petals deeply emarginate. Hook. — Pursh, Jl. l.p. lib. t. 3 ; Hook. !
ji. Bor.-Avi. I. c.

In the Rocky Mountains, Lewis ex Pur.'sh ; Drummond ex Hook. — We
quote the character of this species from Hooker ; whose specimens, smaller
than the plant figured by Pursh and with broader slightly notched petals, are
very similar, as Hooker himself remarks, to the preceding species, differing
indeed chiefly in the sessile cauline leaves. We have the same plant or a
form intermediate between it and C. Caroliniana, from Dr. Pitcher, collected
probably in Arkansas. The following is the character given by Pursh : " C.
foliis lanceolatis : cauUnis ovatis sessilibus, racemeo solitario elongato, calycis
folioli? brevibus obtusissimis, petalis cuneatis bifidis, radice tuberosa. — Flow-
ers white, nearly the size of C. Virginica.^ without veins." — We cannot help
suspecting that Pursh's figure is made up of two species, and that the flow-
ers at least belong to C. alsinoides.

§ 2. Annual: roots fibrous : stems simple, with a single pair of opposite
often connate or 'perfoliate leaves : raceme terminal, often geminate or
compound. — Limnia.

4. C. alsinoides (Sims): stems numerous from a slender root; leaves
reticulately veined, rhombic-ovate ; radical ones numerou';, on long petioles
abruptly acuminate; cauline sessile; racemes solitary or in pairs; pedicels
filiform, mostly solitary, bracteate ; petals cuneiform (white), acutely bifid at
the apex.— Sms, hot. 'mag. t. 1309 ; Pursh, JI. I. c. ; DC. prodr. 3. p. 361 ;
Hook. I. c. ; Bong. ! veg. Sitcha, in mem. acad. St. Petersb. (6. ser.) 2. p.
136. C. Unalaschkensis, Fisch. in Ra^.m. ^ Schult. sijst. 5. p. 434; DC.
I. c. 7 Limnia alsinoides. Haw. succ. si/n. p. 12.

/?. rosea: flowers rose-color; leaves almost veinless. DC. I. c. — C. Sibirica
Bot. mag. t. 2243, ex Hook., not of Linnl

y. heterophylla : radical leaves some of them ovate, others lanceolate;
cauline oblong-lanceolate, attenuate at the base; racemes 1-3; flowers pale
rose-color. — C. Unalaschkensis ft. heterophylla, Nutt. ! mss.

Oregon, Menzies, Nnltall! to ^iicha, Bongard ! May-June. — Flowers
rather small (in all our indigenous specimens larger than in cultivated speci-

200 PORTULACACE.S. Clattonia.

mens from the Liverpool garden). Stems slender, 12-18 inches high. Ra-
ceme at length elongated.

5. C. asarifolia (Bongard) : csespitose ; leaves veiny, the radical ones on
long petioles, somewhat rcniform ; cauline sessile, broadly ovate, obtuse ;
pedicels solitary or ternate, bracteate ; petals 2-cleft, red. Bong. veg. Sitcha,
I. c. p. 136.

Sitcha.— Radical leaves nearly 4 inches broad : cauline ones about an mch
broad. Petals twice the length of the calyx ; lobes obtuse. ^ojig-arcZ.— Near-
ly allied, apparently, to the foregoing.
•4^6. C. perfoliata (Donn) : csespitose ; leaves obscurely reticulatcly veined ;
radical ones numerous, on slender petioles, broadly rhomboidal ; cauline pair
united into a single nearly orbicular perfoliate leaf; raceme fascicled, sessile;
petals entire or slightly emarginate.— i)on?2, hort. Cantab, ed. 4. p. 50 ; Bot.
mag. t. 1336 ; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 176 ; Hook. fi. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 225. C. Cu-
bensis, Bonpl. in ami. mus. 7. ;). 82. t. 6, ^ pi. cBquinoct. t. 26. Limnia per-
foliata, Haw. sxicc. syn. p. 12.

N. W. America, {Menzies, NiMall !) to Mexico and Cuba. Valhes of
the Rocky Mountains, Douglas, Nuttall .'—Stems 4-8 inches high, diffuse.
Flowers very small for the size of the plant : petals white.— De Candolle
gives as a locality, the Rocky Mountains of Virginia!

7. C. parviflora (Douglas) : radical leaves numerous, linear-spatulate, 3-
nerved, with anastomosing veins, on long petioles ; the cauline pair united
into one oval perfoliate veiny leaf; raceme [mostly peduncled] simple or
somewhat compound, with a single bract. Hook. I. c. p. 225, t. 73.

0. glaiica (Nutt. ! mss.) : smaller ; raceme mostly subsessile.

In woods along the Oregon river, Douglas, Nuttall .'—Commonly 6-12
inches high, pale green. Petals nearly entire, oblong, pale rose-color or white,
twice the length of the calyx. Var. 0. grows on exposed rocks, in close tufts,
is often very glaucous, 1-3 inches high. ^Nutt.— The cauline leaf in both forms
of Mr. NuttaTl's specimens is often very excentrically perfoliate.

8. C. spathulata (Douglas): csespitose, minute ; radical leaves numerous,
narrowly subspatulate-linear ; cauline ones ovate, acute, sessile ; raceme soli-
tary (4-6-flowered), 1-bracteate ; petals entire, scarcely exceeeing the calyx.
Hook. fi. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 226. t. 74.

N. W. Coast, Menzies. Valleys of the Rocky Mountams, Douglas.—
Leaves very narrow, scarcely an inch long; the cauline pair very small.
The sinallest of the genus [1-2 inches high]. Hook.

9. C e.rtg-«a .• csespitose ; radical leaves numerous, narrowly linear ; cau-
line pair lanceolate or linear, somewhat dilated at the base, subconnate,
usually as long as the solitary few and loosely-flowered raceme ; petals ob-
cordate-oblong, more than twice the length of the calyx.

California, Douglas .'—Stems 2 inches high. Cauline leaves variable in
shape and length, (sometimes unequal) often longer, but not rarely shorter
than the raceme. Raceme peduncled, 5-9-flowered, Flowers larger than
in C. spathulata. Seeds minutely scrobiculate.

10. C. sypsophiloides (Fisch. & Meyer) : glaucous ; radical leaves very
long, filiform ; cauline pair mostly connate on one side; raceme simple,
ebracteate ; petals nearly linear, emarginate, thrice the length of the calyx.
Fisch. ^ Meyer, ind. sem. St. Petersb. {Dec. 1835) p. 33; Don, in Brit,
fl. gard. {ser. 2.) t. 375.

California, at the Russian settlement Ross, Fisch. <^- Meyer.— Stems nu-
merous and cffispitose, filiform, 6-10 inches high. Radical leaves 3-6 inches
or more in length, fleshy, erect: the cauline of two combined on one side,
broad, cucullate, almost tubular at the base: the apices free, ovate, acute, un-
equal'spreading. Racemes pedunculate, elongaltd. many-flowered : pedicels

Claytonia. PORTULACACE.'E. 201

scattered, nearly an inch lon<^. Flowers small, bnt raihor showy. I'ttals
pinlv, puneate-ohlon^, deeply notched. Fisrh. dj- Mcijei; and Dnv, I. r. —
The founders of this species compare the tiowers with those of Gypsophila
acutifolia or G. perfoliata.

11. C tenui folia : stems numerous, filiform ; leaves narrowly linear; tlie
radical ones insensibly deeurrent into lonii jictioles ; eauline pair sessile,
slisrhlly connate on one side at the base, much lon<rer than the sessile 1-brac-
teate subuiiihellate raceme ; petals oblonij, lonijer than the calyx.

California, Dono-lds ! — Stems 6 inches high. Leaves about a line wide
(radical ones as long as the stems), acute. Raceme compound. Flowers
smaller than those of C. perfoliata.

§ 3. Annual: stems decumbfnt, stolonifcrous, ii-ilh mimerous opposite (or
verticillate?) leaves, proliferous : (aiid hence) racemes apparently ax-
illary.— Alsinastrum.

-^12. C. aquatica (^ult. \ mss.): " csnspitose, decumbent, stoloniferous ;
leaves opposite, spatulate or oblong-obovate, attenuate below, obtusish ; ra-
cemes axillary, peduncled, simple, few-flowered; petals obovate, entire, more
than twice the length of the calyx.

'• In small springs, &c. Rocky Mountains, and on the plains of the Oregon
near its confluence with the Wahlamet. — Stems spreading and rooting at the
joints. Leaves 1-2 inches long, attenuated into a short petiole, slightly vein-
ed. Racemes 5-8-flowered, with a single bract at the origin of the lowest
pedicel. Flowers rather large, white." Nutt. — C. stolonifera, C. A. Meyer,
from Unalaschka (the description of which we are now unable to tind or to
refer to) is perhaps this species. It is evidently nearly allied to C. flagella-
ris, Bongard.

y:-13. C. flagellaris (Bongard): stems csespitose, flagelHform, here and
there producing fascicles of leaves and rootlets ; leaves oval, attenuate into
a short petiole, veiny ; petals more than thrice the length of the calyx, bitid,
the lobes obtuse. Bong. veg. Sitcha, I. c. p. 136.

Sitcha. — Stems decumbent. Leaves ctespitose, broadly oval (the limb
about i an inch in length and width), the younger ones oblong. Flowers
racemose, white. Bongard.

§4. Annual: roots fibrous: stems branched: leaves several, alternate:
racemes terminal and often axillary or opposite the leaves. — Naio-

CRENE.

_j6. 14. C. parvifolia (Mogino) : stems branching from the base, filiform, as-
cending ; leaves succulent ; the radical ones rosulate, obovate-spatulate,
acute; the eauline linear-spatulate ; racemes terminal, few-flowered ; pedi-
cels filiform, bracteate ; petals oblong, entire (or acutely bifid at the point?),
thrice the length of the calyx. — " J/of. icon. pi. Noolk. ined.'''' ; DC. prodr.
3. p. 361. C. filicaulis. Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 224, t. 72.

On shadv racist rocks along streams, Nootka, Menzies, Merino. Oregon,
near the ocean, Douglas, Dr. Scolder, ex Hook. ; and at the confluence of
the Wahlamet. Nuttall ! Aug. — Stems 5-6 inches long. Leaves pale green
(as succulent as in many species of Sedum, JVuft.), nearly veinless ; the ra-
dical ones attenuate into a very short petiole ; the eauline very small : the
uppermost minute and bract-like. Racemes 3-7-flowered : jiedicels much
longer than the bracts. Flowers rather large, rose-color. — Mogino's plant is
said to have the petals acutely bifid at the apex ; but a<5 described bv Hooker,

26

202 PORTULACACE^. Mo.ntu.

and in Nuttall's specimens, the petals are entire ; but there seems to be no
other difference.

15. C. linearis (Douglas) : stems branching ; leaves very narroAvly linear,
obtuse [sheathing at the base, Nutt.'\ ; racemes terminal, one-sided, the low-
est pedicel bracteate; petals entire, longer than the calyx. Hook. Jl. Bor-
Am. 1. p. 224, t.ll.

In springy places and on moist rocks along the Oregon, Douglas, Nuttall!
— Stems weak, 4-6 inches high. Leaves 2-3 inches long, the uppermost
shorter, rather succulent, minutely 3-nerved under a lens. Racemes (and
pedicels) somewhat nodding, 4-8-fiowered : pedicels thrice or more the
length of the flower. Flowers rather large : petals obovate, entire. Seeds
smooth and shining, flat, with a carinate margin.

16. C. dichotoma (Nutt. ! mss.) : " low, almost csespitose, much branched ;
leaves very narrowly linear, acute, sheathing at the base ; racemes terminal
and axillary ; flowers (rather crowded) 1-sided, nodding; pedicels about the
length of the flowers, the lowest one bracteate ; petals emarginate, scarcely
longer than the calyx.

" In wet places on rocks, near the junction of the Wahlamet with the
Oregon. — Very nearly related to C. linearis, but much smaller in all its parts
(about li inch high) and densely branched. The flowers and seeds are
about i the size of those of C. linearis." Nuit.

17. C. diffusa (Nutt.! mss.): "stems diffusely dichotomous and procum-
bent ; leaves veiny, broadly ovate or deltoid, abruptly attenuate into a petiole,
acute; racemes very numerous, terminal and lateral, subcorymbose, 5-9-floAv-
ered ; pedicels slender, at length recurved, the lowest one bracteate ; petals
emarginate, a little longer than the calyx.

" In pine Avoods, a few miles above Fort Vancouver. — A very remarkable
species, with much the habit and appearance of Stellaria media, except
that the leaves are alternate. The stem is many times dichotomous and
spreadmg widely over the ground. Radical leaves on long petioles ; those
of the upper leaves somewhat margined and about the length of the limb.
Pedicels several times longer than the flowers, sometimes geminate; the low-
ermost longest. Flowers rather small: petals pale rose-color. Seeds flat,
very minutely and regularly rugose-puncticulate, with obtuse margins."
Nutt.

6. MONTIA. Linn.; Lam. ill. i. 50; Gartn.fr.t. 129.

Sepals 2, rarely 3, persistent, suborbicular. Petals 5, hypogynous, ungui-
culate, with the claws a little connate ; 3 of them somewhat smaller. Sta-
mens 3, inserted on the claws of the smaller petals, ver^^ rarely 4 or 5. Styles
very short, almost separate, spreading. Capsule 3-valved, 3-seeded. Seeds
turgid, minutely tuberculate, large. — A very small glabrous procumbent rather
fleshy herb, growing in water or wet places; common in Europe; rare in
North and South America. Leaves opposite, spatulate. Raceme few-flow-
ered, terminal.

M. fontana (Linn.)— Willd. sp. 1. p. 4S7 ; DC. prodr. 3. ;;. 362 ; Kunth,
syn. pi. cBquinoct. 3. p. 377.

a. minor: stems assurgent; leaves somewhat connate. — DC. I. c. ; Bong,
veg. Sitcha, I. c. p. 136.

0. major : stems weak, creeping ; leaves sessile ; flowers much smaller. —
DC. I. c. ; Bong. I. c. M. rivularis, Gmelin.

Oregon, Nuttall .' Sitcha, Bongard .' Labrador, GmeZ^/^

Elatine. ELATINACEi^. 203

Order XXVI. ELATINACEiE. Camhess(des.

Sepals £-5. mostly distinct, persistent. Petals hypogynous, as many
as the sepals and alternate with them. Stamens hypogynous, as many
or twice as many as tiie petals : anthers fixed by the middle, in-
trorse. Ovary 2-5-celIed : styles 2-5, distinct or united at the base,
or none: stigmas capitate. Capsule 2-5-celled, 2-5-valved : (dehis-
ccnce septicidal, Camb., Lindl. ; loculicidal, ex Am.), many-seeded,
crowned with the persistent styles or stigmas : placenta? in the axis.
Seeds anatropous, cylindrical, slightly curved or straight, with little or
no albumen. Embryo cylindrical : cotyledons short. — Annual marsh
plants, with fistulous rooting stems, opposite entire or serrate leaves,
and very small axillary or solitary flowers. Stipules small and incon-
spicuous, sometimes wanting.

For information concerning this small family, vid. Camb. in Mim. du Musium,
18. p. 225, (f- in A. St. Ilil. Jl. Bras. 2. p. 159 ; Arnott, in Edinb. jour. nat. (f-
geogr. science, 1. p. 430 ; Fischer tf* Meyer, in jour. acad. imp. des naiuralistes, Mos-
cou, df' in Linnaa, 10. p. 69. Bartliiig unites the family with Lythraceae, with
which, indeed, it possesses many points of resemblance.

1. ELATINE. Linn.; Gcertn. fr. t. 112; Arnott, I. c.

Styles distinct, very short, or none. — The rest as in the character of the
Order. -4r«.

-f-l. £J. Americana ("Am. 1. c.) : diffuse, procumbent, rooting from the joints ;
branches assurgcnt ; leaves cuneate-obovate, obtuse ; flowers sessile, minute ;
sepals, petals, stamens, and sessile stigmas 2, sometimes 3. — Peplis Ameri-
cana, Pnrsh, fl. 1. p. 238. Crypta minima, Niitt. ! in jour. acad. Philad.
1. p. 117. t. 6. /. 1 ; Torr.! Jl. 1. ;;. 32. Elatine minima, Fisch. ^ Mey-
er, I. c. p. 25.

Margins of ponds and streams, Connecticut ! and New-York ! to Mary-
land ! west to Missouri ! Probably extending throughout the United States.
July-Sept. — Branches i-2 inches long. Seeds slightly curved, minutely ru-
gose transversely. — Very nearly aUied to E. triandra, of Europe.

Order XXVII. LINACE.E. DC.

Sepals 5 (sometimes 3 or 4), distinct or united at the base, persis-
tent : aestivation strongly imbricated. Petals as many as sepals and
alternate with them, hypogynous, with short claws, fugitive : aestiva-
tion twisted. Stamens as many as the petals (often with intermediate
teeth or abortive stamens), united at the base in a hypogynous ring,
persistent : anthers fixed by the middle, introrse, with no manifest con-
nectivum. Ovary of 5 (rarely 3 or 4) united carpels ; central axis
short or none : styles filiform, distinct (rarely united) : stigmas capi.

204 LINAGES. LiNUM.

tate. Capsule globose, often pointed with the persistent and harden-
ed base of the styles, 5- (or sometimes 3-4-) celled ; each cell com-
pletely or partially divided by a false dissepiment proceeding from the
dorsal suture : dehiscence septicidal ; carpels 2-valved at the apex.
Seeds 2 in each carpel (I in each spurious cell), collateral, suspended
from near the summit, anatropous, ovate, compressed ; testa smooth,
mucilaginous when moistened : albumen none or very thin. Embryo
flat, fleshy and oily: cotyledons elliptical. — Herbaceous or suffrutes*
cent. Leaves entire, without stipules, sessile, alternate, or often oppo-
site and alternate in the same plant. Flowers terminal, often corymb-
ed or paniculate.

1. LINUM. Linn, (in part) ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 423.

Sepals (entire), petals, and stamens 5. Styles 5, or rarely 3. — Flax.

1. L. rigidum (Pursh) : stem angled, much branched above; leaves al-
ternate, linear, pungently acute, rij^id, with scabrous margins; flowers pani-
cled or corymbose; sepals ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate, glandularly spinnlose-
scabrous on the margins, longer than the globose capsule ; petals sulphur-
yellow.— P^rs^, /?. 1. p. 210; Nutt.! gen. 1. p. 206; Hook.! Ji. Bor.-Am.
I. p. 105. L. striatum, Nutt. I. c. ex Hook.

P. 7 Berendieri : low ; margins of the leaves smooth ; flowers larger. — L.
Berendieri, Hook. hot. mag. t. 3480.

From the Missouri, Nnttall! Dr. James ! to the Saskatchawan, X/r.
7? tc/ia?'fZso??, and California, .Vm/^q//.' /?. T cxas, Drummond .' Also near
New Haven, Connecticut, Oakes ! N.Carolina, Schweinitz ! Georgia, Dr.
Boykin .'—(J) Calyx with 3 strong nerves. Bracts glandular like the sepals.
Flowers smaller than in L. usitatissimum; but about their size in /?,

2. L. Virginianum (Linn.): glabrous; stem branching above; leaves
alternate, oblong-lanceolate or hnear, the lowermost oblong, the upper acute ;
panicles corymbose, with the divisions racemed ; flowers unilateral; sepals
ovate, mucronate, 1-nerved, a httle shorter than the mature depressed-globose
capsule; petals yellow.— Tl'a/^. Car. p. 117; Mich.%.! ft. 2. p. 36; Ell. sk.
1. p. 375 ; Hook. I c.

On hills, &c. Upper Canada ! to Alabama ! and Florida! west to Arkansas !
May-Aug. — fl) Stem about 2 feet high, slender. Leaves rarely opposite,
1-nerved. Flowers very small, on short pedicels.

3. L. usitatissvmum (Linn.): glabrous; stem branching above; leaves
alternate, Unear-lanceolate, very acute; panicle corymbose^ sepals ovate,
acute, 1-nerved (3-nerved at the base), margin membranaceous ; petals some-
what crenate^ blue.— P»rs/i, fl. 1. p. 210 ; Torr. fl. 1. p. 330.

In fields: introduced, but hardly naturalized. June-July. — (l) Leaves 3-
nerved. Flowers large. Capsule acuminate. — Common Flax.

4. L. perenne (Linn.): glabrous; branches virgate; leaves alternate, lin-
ear, acute (often pellucid-punctaie) ; flowers terminal and nearly opposite
the leaves; sepals oval, Avith membranaceous margins, 3-5-nerved at the base
externally acute or mucronate, internally obtuse, a little shorter than the glo-
bose capsule ; petals retuse, blue, 3 or 4 times the length of the calyx. — Eng.
bot. t. 40; Null. gen. 1. p. 206; Schiede, in Linnaa, 1. p. 71 ; Hook. fl.
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 106. L. Sibiricum, Linn.; DC. I.e. L. Lewisii, Pursh,
fl. 1. p. 210.

LixcM. LINACEiE. 205

Western portions of N. America, from the Arctic Sea (ex Hook.) to Mis-
souri! and Arkansas ! west to the Rocky Mountains (/>o?^i'^/a.><, Xulldll .'
Mr. Wyelh!) and the shores of the Pacific. (Conuuon also in Eurojie and
Asia). — 11 or nearly so. Steins procuuihent at the base. Peduncles nod-
ding, at least in fruit. Flowers large.

5. L. sdaginoides (Lam.): glabrous; stems a span high, sulfruticose,
corymbosely branched at the summit; leaves crowded, alternate, very smal',
linear and very narrow, mucronate-piliferous ; flowers terminal, subsessile ;
petals shorter than the calvx (whitish or rose-color) ; ovary completely
10-celled. A. St. Hit.— Lam.' diet. 3. p. 525; DC. prod r. 1. p. 424; Sdiiede,
I. c. p. 67; A. St. Ilil. fl. Bras. 1. p. 131.

Te.xas, Dnimmond\'—Thv specimens of no. 47 I 37 ?) in Drummond's
2nd collection agree minutely Avith the very detailed descriptions of L. selagi-
noides by St. Hilaire & Schiede, except that in our plant the stems are near-
ly erect, sparingly branched, and (as well as the midrib and margins of the
leaves) minutely 'and sparsely scabrous-hispid ; the margin of the rigid stpals
is broadly scarious, slightly c'iliate-serrulate above ; the filaments are not re-
markably broad ; and the styles, which are twice the length of the ovary, are
united for more than half their length, which is very remarkable in this family.
Still, as the descriptions referred to arc not sufficiently explicit upon some of
these points, it is not improbable that our plant belongs this species.

X Doubtful species.

6. L. striatum (Wh\l): flowers terminal ; leaves subovate, alternate, the
nerve and margin decurrent into the stem ; stem branched, striate. Wall.
Car. p. US ; Poir. suppl. 3. p. 443.

South Carolina, Ha/^er.— Perhaps L. perenne?

Order XXVIII. GERANIACEiE. DC.

Sepals 5, persistent, ribbed (one sometimes saccate or spurred) :
aestivation imbricated. Petals 5 (rarely 4), hypogynous or somewhat
perijrynous, alternate with the sepals, distinct, unguiculate : aestivation
twisted. Stamens as many or commonly twice as many as petals, and
inserted with them, monadelphous at the base : anthers fixed by the mid-
die, introrse, with no connectivuni. Ovary composed of 5 two-ovufed
carpels, placed alternate with the sepals round the base of an elongat-
ed axis : styles 5, cohering round the axis, stigmatose at the summit
within. Carpels distinct in fruit, membranaceous, 1- (rarely 2-) seeded,
at length separating from the axis by the twisting or curling back of
the indurated style, mostly dehiscent by the inner suture. Seeds ana-
tropous, with a lateral hilum and a short raphe, exalbuminous, Radi-
cle straight : cotyledons reflexed, follaceous, convolute and plaited. —
Herbs or shrubby plants : stems tumid and separable at the nodes.
Leaves opposite (or alternate and opposite the peduncles), mostly stipu-
late, petioled, palmately (rarely pinnately) veined and lobed, or some-
times undivided. Peduncles terminal or opposite the leaves, some-
times axillary.

206 GERANIACEiE. Geraniom.

1. GERANIUM. Linn, (in part) ; VHer.; Gcertn. fr. t. 79.

Sepals equal. Petals 5, equal. Stamens 10, all fertile; alternate ones
larger, with a nectariferous gland at their base. Persistent styles at length
circinately revolute, glabrous within. — Herbaceous or rarely suffrutescent.
Peduncles 1-2-ilowered (2- rarely 3-tiowered in the North American species).

♦ Pere7inial. (Pubescence of the stem and petioles rttrorse in the North American

species.)

'^' 1. G. maculatimi (Linn.) : stem erect, (often nearly glabrous below) di-
chotomous, somewhat angled, pubescent ; leaves 3-5-parted ; the segments
acute, cuneiform below, incisely serrate above ; the radical leaves on long
petioles; uppermost opposite; petals entire; filaments scarcely ciliate at the
base. Hook.—Michx. I ji. 2. p. 157 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 157 ; Bigel. med. bot. t. 8 ;
DC.prodr. I. p. 642; Hook.Ji. Bor.-Am. I. p. 115; Darlingt.ji. Cest. ed.
2. p. 392.

In open woods, &c. Canada! to Florida; Avest to the Mississippi. April-
June. — Stem 1-2 feet high. Leaves hirsutely pubescent ; the lobes incisely
toothed or cleft. Pedicels unequal. Sepals oblong or oval-lanceolate, mucro-
nate-awned, sparsely clothed with long white hairs: pubescence not glandu-
lar. Petals large, purple (sometimes almost white), cuneiform-obovate,
densely villous with short hairs at the base. Seeds minutely reticulated. —
Crow-foot. Spoiled Cranes-bill.

n 2. G. albifiorum (Hook.) : stem erect, dichotomous, somewhat angled,
glabrous below; glandular-pilose above; leaves deeply .5-parted; segments
ovate, acuminate, incisely subpinnatifid, rather hairy ; radical ones on long
petioles ; the uppermost opposite, on short petioles, 3-parted, rather acuminate ;
sepals glandular-pilose ; petals (entire, white) as well as filaments hirsute at
the base. Hook. I. c. p. 116, t. 40, f in bot. mag. t. 3124.

13.7 incisum : leaves almost 5-divided; segments narrower; flowers pur-
ple.— G. incisum, Null.! mss.

Vallies of the Rocky Mountains, Drummond ! — Nearly allied to G. macu-
latum and G. pratense. Hook. — /?. VaUies of the Rocky Mountains and
Oregon, Nutlall ! — A portion only of the hairs on the peduncles, sepals, &c.
is glandular; and the pubescence is much denser and shorter than in G.
maculatum. We have the same plant from Altaic Siberia, sent by Prof.
Fischer. Thevar. 0.1 which we doubt not is wholly distinct from G. macula-
tum, may perhaps prove to be distinct from G. albiflorum. The petals have
a lateral tuft of hairs at the base.

' 3. G. erianthum (DC.) : stem erect, angled, (terete, DC.) sparingly dicho-
tomous, minutely pubescent or nearly glabrous below ; leaves deeply 5-7-
lobed ; lobes 3-cleft ; segments laciniate-incised ; radical ones on long pe-
tioles ; the uppermost subsessile ; peduncles short and crowded; sepals and
base of the petals and stamens densely villous. — DC. prodr. 1. p. 641 ;
Bong.! veg. Sitcha, I. c.p. 129; Hook. ^ Am. inbot. Beechey.p. 113. G.
erioslemon, Fisch.in DC. I. c. 7 exHook. (^ Arn. G. maculatum P. Hook.
Ji.l.c.7

N. W. Coast & Kamtschatka, De Cand. Hook. ^ Am. Sitcha, Bon-
gard I — Flowers purple ("perhaps blue," Bongard\ the size of G. macula-
tum. Sepals narrower than in the 2 preceding species, verv hirsute ex-
ternally with long white hairs; the same kind of pubescence also on the base
of the filaments. — These 3 species, it would seem from our specimens, may
be further distinguished by the villosity of the petals ; which in G. macula-
Jum forms a small and very dense white tuft on the claw inside ; in G. albi-

Erodicm. GERANIACE^. 207

florum the hairs are longer and more Scattered, occupying the lowrr half of
the upper surface ; in G. erianthuni tlie dense viliosity is situated on the
edges of the petals near the base.

♦ * Annual.

'^ 4. G. Caroliniamim (Linn.) : stem diffusely branched ; leaves deeply
5-lobed or parted ; segments incisely lobed or toothed ; peduncles mostly
short and rather crowded at the summit of the branches ; petals emarginate,
about the length of the aristate-mucronate sepals ; carpels hairy ; seeds oval,
minutely reticulated.— Walt. Car. p. 175 ; " Cav. diss. t. 84 ^ 124" ;
Michx. jl. 2. p. 28 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 157 ; Hook. I. c. ; Darlingt. I c. G.
lanuginoium, Jacq. hort. SchcpJib. 2. t. 140.

In barren places from Canada! (lat. 52=, Hook.) to Florida! Louisiana!
west to the Rocky Mountains in lat. 52\ and California, Hook.d^ Am. in bot.
Beechey. Oregon, Nuttall ! March-June. — Root somewhat fusiform. Stem
4-12 inches high, pubescent below, villous above ; hairs retrorse or some-
times spreading. Sepals hairy. Petals rather obcordatc, rose-color. Car-
pels sometimes 2-seeded, ex Ell. — Variable in the lobes of the leaves, which
are usually short and obtuse. The seeds are not perfectly smooth, as is said
by De CandoUe, but minutely reticulated, though by no means so conspicu-
ously as in G. dissectum, to which it is closely allied. This last species is
considered as a native of North America by Pursh, probably on insuffi-
cient grounds : we have seen no native specimens.

5. G. pusillum (Linn.) : stem procumbent, minutely pubescent ; leaves
reniform, the lowest suborbicular, deeply 5-7-lobed ; lobes 3-cleft (of the
upper leaves nearly entire) ; petals emarginate, about the length of the hairy
somewhat acuminate sepals ; carpels minutely pubescent ; seeds smooth. —
Torr.! compend. p. 25'i ; DC.prodr.l.p.G'id. G. malvsefolium, La7rt.^.
Fran. 3. p. 18.

Road-sides, Long Island ! and Western part of the State of New-York !
Introduced. May-July. — Stem extensively spreading. Flowers small, pale
purple. Alternate stamens usually sterile.

' ' &. G. Rohertianum (Linn.): diffuse, hairy; leaves 3-5-parted to the
tase ; segments pinnatifid ; lobes mostly incised or toothed ; petals entire
(purple), twice the length of the mucronate-awned sepals; carpels reticulate-
rugose, glabrous ; seeds smooth.— Willd. sp. 3. p. 714 ; Pursh, Jl. 2. p. 449 ;
DC.prodr. 1. p. 644.

Wet rocks, Canada! to Virginia! west to the Mississippi. June-Oct.— Calyx
1-3-ribbed. Petals spatulale. — Pursh's very incorrect remark that the Amer-
ican plant has not the same heavy and disagreeable odor as the European,
has induced De CandoUe to consider our plant as a distinct variety.

X Doubtful species.

7, G. ccBspitosum (James) : suberect, sparingly branched above ; radical
leaves reniform, deeply 5-7-cleft ; flower a little larger than that of G. Ro-
hertianum, but similarly colored. James, in Long's e.rped. 2. p. 3.

On sandstone ledges at the base of the Rocky Mountains, Dr. James.

2. ERODIUM. L'Her. ; Willd. sp. 3. p. 625.

Sepals equal, regular. Petals 5, mostly equal. Stamens 10 ; the 5 exterior
(opposite the petals) shorter and sterile ; the perfect ones with a nectariferous
gland at their base. Persistent styles bearded within, at length spirally

208 BALSAMINACEiE. Impatiens.

twisted. — Peduncles axillary or opposite the leaves, many- (rarely 2-) flower-
ed : flowers umbellate. Cotyledons sometimes pinnately lobcd.

1. E. c) a it an tim (holier.): stem prostrate or diffuse, hairy; leaves pin-
nately divided; segments sessile, pinnatitid, incised or acute; peduncles ma-
ny- [or few-] flowered; petals unequal. DC. prodr. 1. p. 646; Jlook.Jl.
Bor.-Ani. 1. p. 116; Ilook. <^- Am. in hot. Beechey, p. 136. Geranium
cicutarium, Linn.

Oregon *fe California, common, Nuttall ! i^c. — "Certainly not introduced."
ISutt.

Order XXIX. BALSAMINACE^. A. Richard.

Sepals 5, deciduous ; the two inner (or upper) usually connate ; the
lowest spurred or gibbous : asstivation imbricated. Petals hypowy-
nous, usually 4 (5, but the fifth or posterior one abortive) and united
by pairs ; rarely 5 and distinct. Stamens 5, hypogynous : filaments
subulate : anthers 2-celled. Ovary 5. celled [placentfE in the axis],
ovules usually numerous, rarely few in each cell, suspended : stigmas
5, sessile, distinct or more or less united. Fruit capsular, 5-celled (the
dissepiments usually disappearing), ,5.valved, elastically septifragal ;
or [in Hydrocera, Blume] a 5.celled drupe. Seeds several in each
cell [anatropous], destitute of albumen. Embryo straight : cotyledons
plano-convex. — Succulent herbaceous plants. Leaves simple, opposite
or alternate, exstipulate. Flowers axillary. Am.

1. IMPATIENS. Linn.; W. ^ Am. prodr. Jnd. Or. 1. p. 135.

Impatiens & Balsamina, i?zr.; DC.

Sepals apparently only 4 from the union of the two upper ones. Petals 4,
apparently only two from the union of each of the lower to each of the late-
ral ones. Filaments 5, more or less united at the apex : anthers opening
longitudinally or transversely. Cells of the ovary formed by membranous
projections of the placentae, which occupy the axis of the ovarj' and are con-
nected Avith its apex by 5 slender threads. Capsule often 1-cclled by the
disappearance of the dissepiments. Seeds numerous or few. Am.

§. Leaves alternate: peduncles more than l-flo^cered. {Glabrous:
stems transparent^ tumid at the joints.)

-J^ 1. /. pallida (Nutt.) : leaves oval or ovate, coarsely and obtusely serrate ;
teeth mucronate; peduncles 2-4-flowered ; lower sepal obtusely conic, dila-
ted, shorter than the petals, broader than long, with a very short recurved
spur; flowers pale yellow, sparingly punctate. — \iitt. gen. 1. p. 146; DC.
prodr. 1. ;). 6S7 ; Hook. ft. Bar.- Am. 1. ;;. 117. I. nolitangere, Michx.! Jl. 2.
p. 149 (a.); Piirsh, f. 1. p. 171; Ell. sk. 1. p. 303.

In moist shady places, Canada ! to Georgia & west to Kentucky ! (Oregon,
Hooker.) July-Sept. — (l) Stem 2-5 feet high, much branched. Leaves

LiMNANTHEs. LIMNANTHACE7E. 209

mostly obtuse at the base, on short petioles. Flower large. — Balsam. Snap-
weed.

-M,. I.fulva (Nutt.): somewhat glaucous; leaves rhombic-ovate, coarsely
and obtusely serrate, teeth mucronate ; peduncles 2-4-flovvered ; lower sepal
acutely conic, longer than the petals, with a rather long resupinate spur;
floAver deep orange, witli numerous reddish-brown spots. — Null. I.e.; DC.
I. a.; Hook. I. c. I. bitlora, \V<ilt. Car. p. 219 ; Pursh, I. c. ; Ell. sk. 1. p.
304. I. nolitangcre, /?. Alichx. ! l. c. ; Bigd.fi. Bust. ed. 2. p. 93. I. macu-
lata, Muhl. cat. p. 26.

In wet shady places, from Canada ! (lat. 66=) and Newfoundland (Hooker)
to Georgia ; more abundant than the preceding in the Northern States.
Oregon, Dr. Scouler ! Nuttall ! June-Sepl.— ® A smaller plant than I.
paUida, with smaller flowers. Leaves mostly cuneiform at the base, on
slender petioles. Lower sepal longer tlian broad. — Balsam. Snap-weed.

Order XXX. LIMNANTHACE^. R. Br.

Sepals 3-5, united at the base, persistent, with a valvate aestivation.
Petals 3-5, marcescent. Stamens twice the number of the petals, and
inserted with them upon a thin somewhat perigynous disk : filaments
distinct, those opposite the sepals having a small process or gland at
the base on the outside, those opposite the petals sometimes shortest :
anthers roundish, introrse. Ovary consisting of 2-5 distinct carpels,
opposite the sepals ; the styles united into one nearly to the top : stig-
mas simple. Achenia rather fleshy? the cavity filled by the solitary
seed. Seed erect, anatropous, without albumen. Embryo with very
large amygdaloid cotyledons ; radicle very short, included. — Annual
glabrous herbs (exclusively North American), with more or less of the
acrid taste of Tropaeolum, growing in swampy places. Leaves alter-
nate, exstipulate, pinnately divided. Flowers axillary, solitary : pedun-
cles somewhat dilated at the apex.

The ovaries in this order have a gynobasic structure ; that is, are more or less
distinct, with the styles united by means of a more or less manifest central axis,
which is a prolongation of the flattened torus on wliich the ovaries rest. The order
is evidently more nearly allied to Tropaeolum than to any other known plants.

1. LIMNANTHES. i?. Br. in Land. ^ Edinh.phil. mag. July, 1833 ;
Lindl. hot. reg. t. 1673.

Sepals 5. Petals 5, cuneiform, retuse, longer than the sepals: aestivation
convolute. Stamens 10. Ovaries 5. — Leaves bipinnatifid ; the divisions
often alternate.

L. Douglasil (R. BroAvn,l. c.) — Benth. in. hori. trans, (ser. 2.) 1 p. 409
Don, in Brit. Jl. gard. (ser. 2.) t. 37S.

(California, Douglas. — Shghtly succulent. Flowers rather conspicuous-
Petals of a delicate yellow at the base, bordered with white.

27

210 OXALIDACE^. Oxalis.

2. FLCERKEA. Willd. act. nat. cur. Berol. 3. (1801); Nutt. gen. 1.
p. 228 ; Lindl. in Hook. jour. bat. 1. p. 1. t. 113.

Sepals 3 (rarely 4). Petals 3, shorter than the calyx. Stamens 6. Ova-
ries 2-3, tuberculate.— Leaves pinnately divided or parted; the divisions
mostly entire.

J F. proserpinacoides (Willd. 1. c.)—Livdl. I. c.—F. uliginosa, Miihl. cat.
^p. 36; Torr..' Ji. 1. p. 339; Varlivgt.fi. Cest. ed. 2. p. 213. F. lacastris,
Pers. syn. 1. p. 393. F. palustris, Nutt. I. c. Ncctris pinnata, Pursh.fi. 1.
p. 239. Cochlearia foliis pinnatifidis, &c. Gron. ! Virg. (excl. syn.)

On the banks of rivers and in marshes, Northern States! (lat 41°) to
Pennsylvania! Avest to Missouri ! April-May.— Slightly succulent, pale
green. Stem decumbent, 3-10 or 12 inches long, slender. Leaves on slen-
der petioles: divisions about 5, lanceolate or oval, obscurely veined; the
lowermost o'Aen 3-lobed or toothed. Flowers small. Petals oblong, white,
about half the length of the calyx. Achenia large, commonly 2, rarely by
abortion solitary.

Order XXXI. OXALIDACE^. DC.

Sepals 5, equal, distinct or slightly cohering at the base, persist-
ent : aestivation imbricated. Petals 5, hypogynous, equal, unguicu-
late, deciduous: aestivation spirally twisted. Stamens 10, hypogy-
nous, more or less monadelphous : filaments subulate, those opposite
the petals longer than the others : anthers short, fixed by the middle,
introrse, often reflexed and appearing extrorse. Ovary of 5 united
carpels, situated opposite the petals : styles filiform, distinct : stigmas
capitate or penicillate, sometimes 2-lobed. Capsule usually membra-
naceous, ."j-lobed, 5.celled ; the carpels at length mostly separable to the
axis, opening by the dorsal suture, l-12.sreded. Seeds anatropous,
with a loose fleshy testa (aril of authors) which bursts elastically when
the seeds are ripe : albumen between cartilaginous and fleshy. Em-
bryo straight, as long as the albumen, with a rather long radicle :
cotyledons broad and foliaceous.— Stems with an acid juice. Leaves
mostly alternate, compound : petioles articulated at the base.

1. OXALIS. Linn.; Gcertn.fr. t.WZ.

Sepals distinct, or united at the very base. Capsule oblong or subglobose,
membranaceous. Seeds one or commonly several in each carpel : tegraen
5-10 ribbed, transversely rugose.— Perennial (rarely annual) herbs; caules-
cent or acaulescent. Leaves in North American species 3-foliolate (in others
rarely pinnate or reduced to a single leaflet), circinate in vernation : leaflets
distmctly articulated with the petiole, lobed or entire. Stipules coherent
with the base of the petiole, after the manner of Trifolium, or none.— Wood'
Sorrel.

OxAU3. OXALIDACE/E. 211

1. O. Acetosella (Linn.) : rhizoma creeping, scaly ; leaflets obcordate,
puberulent; scapes at length longer than the leaves, l-Howercd, 2-bracleo-
late above the luiddle ; petals obloncr-obovate (white Avith red veins, yellow-
isli at tlie base), often slightly eniarginate ; styles and longer stanjens of
equal lentrth, longer than the sepals. — Eng. bot. t. 7G2 ; Michx. ! Jl. 2. p. 38 j
DC. prodr. 1. p. 700; Houk.Ji. Bor.-Am. I. p. 118 (partly). O. Americana,
Bigel. ill DC. I. c.

In AvooJs, from lat 4P ! to the northern part of Canada. June. — 11 Rhi-
zoma clothed with the imbricated and fleshy persistent bases of the leaves.
Peduncles 2-2 inches long; the portion above the bracts pubescent. Flower
large. Stigmas 2-lobed. Cells of the capsule about 2-seeded. — Woud-Sorrel.

7^ 2. O. Oregana (Nutt. ! mss.) : " rhizoma creeping, thick and scaly ; leaf-
lets (large) very broadly obcordate, ciliate ; scapes l-flowered, sliorler than
the leaves, 2-bracteolate above the middle; petals ob!ong-obovate, emargi-
nate (white witii purple veins, yellow at the base) ; stamens and styles all
shorter than, or scarcely exceeding, the sepals." — O. Acetosefla, Hook. I. c.
partly.

Shady woods of the Oregon in moist places, Nutt all ! Dr. Scolder ! — If
Flowers, and especially the leaves, larjier than in O. Acetosella: leaflets
about an inch long and an inch and a half wide. Scapes always manifestly
shorter than the leaves.

3. O. trill iifotia (liook.) : acaulcscent ; peduncles umbelliferous, equalling
the petioles; leaflets obcordate, glabrous; styles the length of the longer sta-
mens. Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. l.p. 118. — O. macrophvUa, Do/igl. mss. v\ Hook.

" N. W. Coast, near the Grand Rapids of the Oregon, and in valleys of the
Rocky Mountains,-' Dous'las; also Nuttatl ! — 11 " Petioles 6-12 inches
high. Leaves very large, and when the plant is out of flower might be mis-
taken for those of Trillium grandiflorum." Doii.gl. in Hook. I. c. — " Root
creeping. Leaflets about 2 inches broad. Pedicels shorter than the pods.
Flowers about the size of those of O. Acetosella, Avhite." NiUt.

O. violacea (Linn.) : bulb scaly; leaflets obcordate with a very shallow
sinus, broader than long, nearly glabrous ; scapes longer than the leaves,
3-9-flowered ; pedicels umbellate; with minute bracts at the base; sepals
Avith a thickened orange-colored tip ; petals obovate (violet) ; filaments hairy,
at length equalling or longer than the styles. — Jacq. O.val. p. 35. t. SO. fis;. 2.
fide yVil/d. sp. 2. p. 7Sti ; Michx. I. c. ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 525 ; DC. I. c. p. 605.
In rocky wood% &c.. Canada ( Linn.) and New-England States I to Georgia,
west to Arkansas, Dr. Pitcher! and Texas, Drumniond ! April-May,
and sometimes again in Augu>t. — Bulb clothed with membranaceous scales.
Scapes 6-9 inches high, generally slightly bifid at the summit. Leaves with
transparent dots. Flowers large. Capsule oblong, few-seeded. Styles
hairy, at first longer than the stamens : stigmas 2-lobed.

5. O. cornicnlata {lAnn.): [root perennial ;] stems decumbent, branched,
radicaline, leafy ; stipules united to the base of the petiole; leaflets obcor-
date. pubescent ; peduncles 2-5- but mostly 2-flowered ; sepals pubescent ;
petal; (yellow) emarginate; styles as long as the longer stamens; capsule
many-seeded, densely pubescent. Am. — DC. prodr. 1. p. 692; Michx. fl.
2. p. '39; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. l.p. 117. O. pusilla, Salisb. in Linn, trans'. 2.
p. 242, t. 23. O. furcata. Ell. .sk. l.p. 527 1 O. Lyoni, Pursh,fl. l.p. 322 ?

In cultivat?d grounds, Canada to Carolina, Michaux ^ Pursh. Louisi-
ana! we;t to California, Hook. <Sr Am. — The only specimens we have seen
with manifest stipules are from New Orleans. Not being able to satisfy our-
selves of the real distinctions, if there be anv, between this and the succeed-
ing species, we copy the characters of authors, and refer all the perennial
forms to 0. corniculata, and the annual ones to O. stricta. Two unpublished

1^4

912 ZYGOPHYLLACEyE. Tribuleje.

species of Nuttall, O. pumila from Oregon, and O. pilosa from California, we
should also refer to O. corniculata.*

6. O. stricta (Linn.): [root annual; ] stem erect, leafy; peduncles umbel-
liferous, 2-6-flowered, about the length of the leaves; leaflets obcordate;
petals [yellow] entire ; styles the length of the inner stamens. DC. I. c. ;
Jacq. Oxal. t. 4; Fl. Dan. t. 873 ; Michx. I. c. ; Pursh, Ji. 1. p. 322; Ell.
sk. 1. p. 526; Jlook. I. c. O. Dillenii, Willd. sp. 2. p. 799. O. recurva, Ell.
I.e.

In cultivated grounds, Canada ! to Louisiana ! Common west of the Rocky
Mountains, Douglas ex Hook. — Variable in size, mode of growth, and in the
juumber and magnitude of the flowers. Flowers throughout the summer.

Order XXXII. ZYGOPHYLLACE^. B. Br.

Flowers perfect, regnlar. Sepals 4-5 : aestivation usually convo-
lute. Petals as many as sepafs, and alternate with them, unguiculate,
at first very short and scale-like (in aestivation mostly convolute), at
length rather longer than the sepals. Stamens twice as many as the
petals, hypogynous : filaments distinct, dilated at the base, sometimes
placed on the back of a small scale : anthers fixed near their middle,
introrse. Ovary composed of 4-5 united carpels placed opposite the
petals, surrounded at the base with 5 scales or glands, or by a sinuate
disk : ovules in each carpel 2 or more, attached to the inner angle,
pendulous or rarely erect : styles and stigmas united. Fruit capsular
or rarely fleshy, 4-5-coccous (or 10-coccous by the carpels being spuri-
ously 'i-celied), indehiscent, the cocci at length separating, or loculi-
cidal ; the sarcocarp not separable from the endocarp. Seeds usually
fewer than the ovules, anatropous : albumen cartilaginous or horny,
rarely none. Embryo green : cotyledons foliaceous. — Herbs, shrubs,
or trees ; with the branches mostly articulated at the nodes. Leaves
opposite, stipulate, not dotted, rarely simple.

Tribe L TRIBULE^E. Ad. Jtiss.

Stigma 5- or 10-ribbed, broader than the short style. Carpels inde-
hiscent, externally tuberculate or prickly, internally divided by ob-

• The characters given by Mr. Nutlall are subjoined;

"0.pum.ila: perennial, more or less hairy; umbelliferous 2-flowered peduncles
scarcely longer than the petioles; leaflets obcordate, deeply emarginated ; sepals ob-
long-lanceolate; styles shorter than the inner stamens; capsules nearly smooth,
about twice the length of the calyx. — Forests of the Rocky Mountains and Oregon.
Root at length woody ; branches decumbent. Capsules unusually short." J^^utt.

" O. pilosa : perennial, densely hirsute, decumbent ; peduncles about 1-flowered

{1-3 in specimen], longer than the petioles; leaflets obcordate, almost bifid; sepals
anceolate ; styles short; capsules very hairy, more than 3 times the length of the
calyx. — Woods around St. Barbara, California. A small very hairy species, with
ytliow flowers: nearly allied to the preceding." NuU.

Kallstrcemia. ZYGOPHYLLACE.E. 212

liquely transverse partitions into 2-4 superposed l-seeded cells ; or
spuriously 2-celled by a longitudinal septum. Seeds destitute of al-
bunien.

1. KALLSTR(EMIA. Scop.; W. d^ Am. prodr. lad. Or. 1. p. 145.

Sepals 5 (rarely 6), persistent. Petals 5, obovate. Stamens 10: filaments
naked; the 5 opposite the sepals somewhat abortive, placed inside 5 hypogy-
nou3 glands. Ovary of 5 cohering carpels; each with 2 collateral pendulous
ovules, and spuriously 2-celled by a longitudinal septum (the ovary thus be-
ing apparently 10-celled with a solitary ovule in each cell) : style conical,
lU-furrowed : stigma capitate, 10-ribbed. Fruit at length separating into 10
one-seeded cocci, without transverse partitions. — Annual branching diiTuse
or trailing pubescent herbs. Leaves opposite, with interpetiolar stipules, ab-
ruptly pinnate. Peduncles solitary, axillary, 1-flowered.

We are unable to quote the work in which this ^enus was originally described;
According to Arnott, Elirenhergia iribuloides, Mart. nov. gen. if* :^p. Bras. 2. p. 72.
t. lt)3, is a second species of the genus, which sometimes has 0 sepals, 12 sta-
mens, &c.

/ 1. K. ma.vima: leaflets in 3 or rarely 4 pairs, oblong or oval, mucronate,
■lightly falcate,pubescent beneath, the terminal ones largest; flowers yellow;
cocci gibbous below, tuberculate. — Tribidus maximus, Linn. ; Jacq. ic. rar.
3. t. 62 ; Wind. sp. 2. p. 566; EIL sk. 1. p. 476 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 704;
Torr.! in ami. Lijc. New- York, 2. p. 173. T. trijugatus, A7i«..' gen. 1.
p. 2117 ; DC. I. c. T. terrestris, MnhL! cat. p. 43.

In wast? places, Savannah, Georgia, NiiUall '. Elliott : introduced from
the West Indies'? Arkansas, Dr. James! June-Sept. — Stems diffusely
procumbent, 1-2 feet long. Peduncles an inch long. Petals marcescent.

Order XXXIII. ZANTHOXYLACEiE. Ad. Juss.

Flowers by abortion dioecious or polygamous, regular. Sepals 3-4-
5, very rarely 6-9, cohering at the base. Petals as many as seoals,
or rarely none : aestivation twisted-convolute. , Stamens as many as
the petals and alternate with them, or seldom twice as many, rising
from around the base of the torus which bears the abortive carpels;
in the pistillate flowers either wanting or imperfect : filaments dis-
tinct: anthers introrse. Ovaries usually the same number as the
sepals or sometimes fewer, more or less stipitate, either distinct or
united: ovules 2 or rarely 4 in each carpel : styles distinct or more
or less connate when the ovaries are separate, mostly combined when
the ovaries are united. Fruit sometimes baccate or mcmbrana-
ceous, sometimes consisting of 1-5 drupes or 2-valved capsules ; the
rather fleshy sarcocarp partly separable from the endocarp. Seeds
solitary or in pairs, anatropous, pendulous : testa thick and crustace-
ous, usually smooth and shining. Embryo lying within fleshy albu-

214 ZANTHOXYLACE^. Ptelea.

men : cotyledons oval, flat. — Trees or shrubs, aromatic and bitter.
Leaves alternate or opposite, exstipulate, simple or usually pinnate :
leaflets mostly marked with pellucid dots.

1. ZANTHOXYLUM. Linn. ; H. B. ^ K. not. gen. ^ sp. 6. p. 1.

Dioecious. Sepals 3-9, small. Petals longer than the sepals, or none.
Stamens as many as the sepals and opposite them (or fewer), mostly exsert-
ed ; those of the pistillate flowers rudimentary. Ovaries 1-5, raised on a
globose or cylindrical torus, distinct, with 2 collateral suspended ovules:
styles distinct, or united at the apex, sometimes very short. Carpels crusta-
ceous in fruit, sessile on the torus or stipitate, 2-valved, 1-2-seeded. Seeds
black and shining, globose when solitary, hemispherical when in pairs. —
Trees or shrubs, usually with prickles on the branches, petioles, and midrib
of the leaflets. Leaves pinnately 3-13-foliolate. Flowers small, greenish or
whitish : inflorescence various.

§ 1. Sepals 5 or more, peia^oid, with a minute glandular beard at the
apex: petals none: ovaries as many as sepals and opposite them:
styles terminating in clavate stigmas, which are at first connate. —
Zanthoxylum, Golden.

./' 1. Z. Americanim (Mill, diet.) : branches and often petioles armed with
short strong (stipular) prickles; leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate-oblong, nearly
sessile, obscurely serrulate or entire, more or less pubescent; flowers in short
axillary umbels ;' carpels stipitate.— U'illd. beschr. ( 1781) p. 1 16. Z. fraxin-
ifolium, Marsh, arbusl. (1785.) Z. fraxineum, Willd. Berl. baum. (1796),
&■ sp. 4. p. Ibl ; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 210 ; DC. prndr. 1. p. 726 ; Hook. ]i. Bor.-
Am. 1. p. US: Bigel. mud. bot t. 59. Z. ramiflorum, Michj-. ! fi. 2. p. 235.
Z. tricarpum, Hook. I. c. not of Michx. Z. Clava-HercuUs, var. Linn.
Z. mite, Willd. mum. p. 1013; DC. I. c.

Canada! to Virginia; west to the Mississippi. April-May.— A shrub or
very small tree ; the bark pungent to the taste. Flowers greenish. Leaves
often nearly glabrous when mature, sometimes tomentose beneath. Seeds
large, black. — Prickly Ash.

§ 2. Sepals, petals, and stamens 5 : ovaries usually 3 : styles short.—
OcHROXYLUM, ScJireb. (Kampmannia, Raf. ex Ad. Juss.)

2. Z. Carol iniamun (Lam.) : branches and usually petioles armed with long
stipular prickles ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, inequilateral, some-
what falcate, petiolulate, crenate-serrulate, glabrous, lucid above : flowers m
terminal panicles; sepals minute; carpels sessile.— Lam. diet. (1786)2. p.
40; Catesb. Car. 1. L 26. Z. tricarpum, Michx.! I. c ; Pursh, I.e.; Ell.
sk. 2. p. 690 ; DC. I. c. Z. fraxinifolium, Walt. Car. p. 243. Fagarafraxi-
nifolia. Lam. ill. t. 334.

In sandy soil near the sea-coast, N. Carolina! Georgia! and Florida;
west to Arkansas! June.— A small tree (the Prickly Ash of the Southern
States) ; the leaves and bark very aromatic and pungent. Pricldes very sharp.

2. PTELEA. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 84; Gcertn.fr. t. 49.
Polygamous. Sepals 3-6, commonly 4, small. Petals much longer than

PiTAvrA. ZANTHOXYLACE/E. 215

the sepals, spreading. Stamens alternate with and longer than the petals :
filaments thickened helow and hairy on the inside ; in the fertile flowers very
short and with sterile anthers. Ovary of 2 united carpels, placed on a
convex torus: ovules 2 in each carpel, situated one above the other: styles
short, united, or none: stigmas 2. Fruit a 2-cclled samara, turgid in the
centre, the margin expanded into a broad orbicular membranaceous -and reti-
culated wing. Seeds oblong, solitary in each cell. — Shrubs. Leaves pin-
nately 3-( rarely 5-) foliolate, Avith pellucid dots, the lateral leaflets inequila-
teral. Flowers whitish, cymose : cymes corymbed or panicled.

~h^- P. trifoUata (Linn.) : leaflets sessile, ovate, mostly acuminate, the
terminal one cuneiform and attenuate at the base; flowers commonlv tetran-
drous; style short.— IfV///. C<tr. p. H9,; Mich.r. ! fi. Lp. 99; Ell.'sk. 1. p.
21 1 ; Ton: ! ft. 1. p. 189 ; DC. nrodr. 2. p. 82.

In shady rocky places, from Lake Erie ! to Florida ! west to Kentucky ! and
Texas! June. — Pubescent when young, 6-8 feet high. Leaflets obscurely
crenulate. Ovary of the staminalc flowers abortive. Odor of the flowers
disagreeable. — P. monophylla, Law. diet, appears not to belong to the genus,
and is perhaps a Rumex, as is suggested by Ad. Jussieu.

2. P. Baldwinii : leaves very small, glabrous; leaflets sessile, oval, ob-
tuse, the terminal one cuneiform at the base; flowers tetrandrous; styles
none.

St. John's, East Florida, Baldwin! (in herb Acad. Philad.) — Shrub
apparently not more than a foot high, with numerous short scraggy
branches. Leaflets scarcely an inch in length. Flowers smaller than in
P. trifolia. Fruit not seen.

3. PITAVIA. Molin. Chil.
Galvezia, Ruiz, if- Pav. ; Ad. Jiiss.; not of Domb. in Juss. gen.

Flowers by abortion diclinous. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4, longer than
the calyx. Sterile Fl. Stamens 8; the 4 opposite the petals shorter:
filaments subulate, glabrous, inserted around the base of the oblong gynophore
which supports 3-4 distinct abortive ovaries ; the styles coherent with each
other above. Fertile Fl. Ovaries 4, on a 4-angled fleshy gynophore, each
with 2 collateral ovules : styles rising from the apex of the ovaries, distinct
at the base, coalescent above: stigmas connate into a single 4-lobed one.
Drupes 4, or by abortion fewer, 1-seeded. Seed ovoid, with a straight em-
bryo. Ad. Juss. sub Galvezia.

1. P. dumosa (Nutt. ! mss.)

St. Diego, California, Nuttall ! — A low branching shrub. Leaves oppo-
site or fascicled on short branches ; linear, attenuate at the base, obtuse,
about an inch long, rather thick, 1-nerved, marked with glandular pellucid
dots ; the margin with a row of glandular dots, but entire. Flowers, in the
specimens, all perfect, nearly solitary at the extremity of the branches, small,
on short peduncles. Petals somewhat unequal. Stamens 8, the alternate
ones smallest; or in some flowers only 4. Ovary solitary, simple, subglo-
bo5e, placed on a minute flat 8-toothed disk, 1-celled, with 2 collateral
ovules: style lateral (arising from about the middle of the ovary) : stigma a
little thickened, somewhat grooved. Fruit a single globose 1-seeded drupa-
ceous nut (?), about the size of a pea. Seed globose, with a somewhat crus-
taceous testa. — We have failed, by some accident, to receive Mr. Nuttall's

216 ANACARDIACEiE. Rhus.

notes on this plant ; and have drawn up the preceding description from in-
complete specimens. It will be seen that the plant ditfers considerably from
the genus Pitavia (or Galvezia) as defined by Ad. Jussieu, in his Mc7n. sur
des Rutacdes, from which the generic character given above has been ex-
tracted ; and it is very probably not a congener of Galvezia punctata, JRuiz ^
Pav. The sterile flowers, if they exist, we have not seen ; those in our
specimen being apparently perfect.

Order XXXIV. ANACARDIACEJE. R. Br.

Flowers perfect, or frequently diclinous, regular. Sepals 5, or rarely
3-4-7, distinct or more or less combined, usually persistent. Petals
of the same number as the sepals (or sometimes none), inserted into
the disk which lines the bottom of the caly.x : aestivation imbricated
or rarely valvate. Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with
them, or twice as many or more, a portion sometimes sterile : fila.
ments distinct, sometimes alternately shorter, inserted with the petals :
anthers introrse. Ovary solitary (of 1-5 carpels, distinct or united,
but all abortive except one), free, or rarely adhering to the calyx,
1-celled, or with one or two abortive cells of the suppressed carpels :
ovule solitary, on a funiculus which rises from the base of the cell
but is sometimes adnate to one of its sides : styles 3 or rarely 4-5,
distinct or combined : stigmas as many. Fruit indehiscent, usually
drupaceous, 1-seeded. Seed erect or suspended, anatropous, without
albumen. Embryo more or less curved : cotyledons very thick and
fleshy, sometimes foliaceous, often bent upon the radicle. — Trees or
shrubs, with a resinous, gummy, caustic or milky juice. Leaves sim-
ple or compound, alternate, exstipulate, not dotted. Flowers axillary
or terminal, mostly panicled.

1. RHUS. Li7in.; Lam. ill. t 207.

Sepals 5, united at the base, small, persistent. Petals 5, ovate, spreading,
inserted under the margin of the orbicular disk. Stamens 5 (rarely 10),
equal, inserted into the disk. Styles 3, distinct or united : stigmas 3, sub-
capitate. Fruit almost a dry drupe ; nut bony, 1-celled. Seed sohtary, sus-
pended on a funiculus that rises from the base to the apex of the cell. Co-
tyledons foliaceous, incumbent upon the radicle.— Shrubs or small trees.
Leaves simple, or unequally pinnate. Flowers often by abortion polyga-
mous or dioecious.

§ 1. Flowers perfect : drupe semi-ohcordate^reticulately veined ; nut tri-
angular: leaves simple: fiowers in loose panicles. — Cotincs, Tourn.

1. R.Cotinusl (Linn.): leaves obovate, entire ; agteatpart of thefloAvers
abortive, the pedicels at length elongated and clothed with large shaggy

Rhus. ANACARDIACE^. 217

hairs. — IfV/A/. up. 1. p. 1484; DC. prodr. 2. p. 67. R. cotiuoides, Null./
in herb. (icud. Phi I ad.

On the high rocky banks of Grand River, Arkansas, Null all! certainly
indigenous. --Mr. Nuttall's specimens are in fruit oidy : an examination of
the Hovvers will probably prove it to be distinct from R. Cotinus, a native of
the South of Europe and Middle Asia, but not unfrequently cultivated in
gardens.

§ 2. Fhmn^s perfect, poly gavious or diascious : disk entire or lobcd: drupe
roundish, sometimes hairy: nut smooth or sulcate. Leaves unequally
pinnate or 3-foliolate ; the petiole often uinged: flowers paniclcd. —

S U.MAC, DC.

y^. li. lyphina (Linn.): branches and petioles densely villous; leaflets
11-31, whitish and more or less pubescent beneath, oblong-lanceolate, acumi-
nate, acutely serrate ; panicles terminal, thyrsoid ; drupes densely clothed
with crimson \\Mxs.—Duham. arh. 2. t. 47 ; Mich.r. ! fl. 1. p. 1S2; Ell. sk.
I. p. 360; DC. prodr. 2. p. 67. R. Canadense, Mill. did. R. viridiflora,
Poir. diet. 7. p. 504 ; DC. I. c.

Canada ! to S. Carolina & Louisiana ! June. — A shrub, or small tree (20 feet
high) with spreading branches. Petioles at length 2-3 feet long. Flowers green-
ish-yellow, often polygamous or dioecious by abortion. Drupe compressed ;
the hairs very acid. Cellular tissue of the wood orange-color, with a
strong aromatic odor: juice resinous, copious. — Stag-horn Sumach.

-4'^. JR. glabra (hinn.): leaves and branches glabrous; leaflets 13-31, lan-
ceolate-oblong, acuminate, acutely serrate, glaucous beneath ; panicles termi-
nal, thyrsoid; drupes red, clothed with crimson hairs. — Mich.r.! f. 1. p.
182 ; Ell. sk. 1. p. 361 ; Bigel.fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. US-, Hook. ft. Bor.-Am. 1.
p. 126. R. Carolinianum, Alill. diet. R. elegans. Ait. Kew. {ed. 1.) p. 162.
R. Virginicum etc., Cate.^b. Car. app. t. 4.

In rocky or barren places, Canada ! (on the Saskatchawan, Hooker) to Georgia
&. Louisiana ! July-Aug. — A stout shrub, 5-18 feet high, with a resinous milky
juice. Leaves usually smaller than in R. typhina. Flowers often dioecious.
Down of the drupes very acid (the malic, according to Cozzens, in ann. lye.
Neio-York 1. p. 42 ; bimalate of lime,) Prof W. B. Rogers in Amer.journ.
pharm. (n. ser.) 1. p. 56. The leaves and branches of this and the preceding
species are astringent and sometimes used in tanning. — Smooth Sumach.

3. R. puniil a (Michx.): procumbent, villous-pubescent; leaflets about 11,
oval or oblong, slightly acuminate, coarsely toothed, with a velvety pubes-
cence ; panicles terminal, thyrsoid, nearly sessile; drupes clothed with a
red silky pubescence.— Tl/iWi.?'.'.' f.l.p. 182 ; Pursh,fl. 1. p. 204 ; DC. I. c.

In grassy pine barrens, Mecklenberg County, N. Carolina, Michatt.r, Nutt-
all ! also on the Neuse River, Schweinitz ! — An extensively procumbent
shrub ; the branches about a foot high. The 3 upper leaflets often confluent ;
the terminal one when distinct attenuate at the base.— A very poisonous
species.

4. R. Copallina TLinn.): branches and petioles pubescent; leaflets 9-21,
oval-lanceolate or oblong, mostly acute or acuminate, shining above, pubes-
cent beneath, unequal at the base ; petiole winged ; panicles terminal, thyr-
soid, sessile, sometimes leafy ; drupes red, hairy.

a. leaflets entire, usually acuminate. — R. Copallina, Linn.; Walt. Car. p.
225 ; Michx. ! fl.l.p.l82; Jacq. hort. Schmnb. 3. p. 50. /. 341 ; Ell. sk. 1.
;;. 362.

0. leaflets coarsely and unequally serrate.

y. leaflets (about 21) small, oblong, acute at the base; obtuse and slightly
mucronate at the apex ; petiole narrowly winded.

23

-h.

218 ANACARDIACE.E. Rhos.

In barren places, Canada ! to Florida! and west to Arkansas! /?. High-
lands of the Hudson River, Dr. Barrati! Mountains of Pennsylvania, Dr.
Darlington. Red River, Louisiana, Dr. Hale! y. Tampa Bay, Florida,
Dr. Burrows ! July-Aug. — Stem 3-8 feet high, branched ; juice resinous.
Veins of the upper surfaci; of the leaves pubescent. Wing of the pe-
tiole usually broad, interrupted at the leaflets. Peduncles downy. Drupes
small, compressed, acid.

-w^^5. R. venenata (DC.) : glabrous; leaflets 7-13 (membranaceous), obovate-
oblong, entire, abruptly acuminate ; panicles slender, in the axils of the up-
permost leaves; drupes subglobose, smooth, greenish-white. — DC. prodr. 2.
p. 68 ; Berk, bot. p. 76; Hook. I. c. ; Darlingt. f. Cest. ed. 2. p. 207. R.
Vernix, Linn, (in part) ; Michx. ! Ji. 1. p. 183 ; Ell. I. c. ; Bi^el. med. bot.
1. p. 96. t. 10.

In swamps, Canada and Northern States ! to Georgia ! west to Alexandria,
Louisiana, Dr. Hale ! June. — A shrub, 8-15 feet high, very poisonous to
the touch with most persons. Leaves often slightly pubescent beneath. Flow-
ers greenish, mostly dioecious, small. Drupe as large as a pea : nut broad-
er than long, compressed, lidged. Cotyledons oval, rather thick and fleshy. —
The juice of this shrub is a varnish, like that of the Japanese plant (R.
vernicifera, DC. I. c), from which it has only recently been distinguished.
(See Bigel. I. c.) — Poison Sumach, Poison Elder, &c. i, •. \ i-, / ^-^

^<^6. R. Toxicodendron (Linn.) : stem erect, decumbent, or climbing by ra-
'dicles ; leaves 3-foholate, somewhat pubescent; leaflets (membranaceous)
broadly oval or rhomboid, acuminate, entire or toothed, the lateral ones ine-
quilateral ; panicles racemed, axillary, subsessile; drupes subglobose, smooth.
—Michx.! ji. 1. p. 183; Torr.! ji. 1. p. 323. R. Toxicodendron & radi-
cans, Lin7i. ; Nutt. ; DC.^c.

a. not climbing ; leaves entire, or variously and irregularly sinuate-toothed
or lobed. — R. Toxicodendron, Linn. ; Nutt. ^c. R. Toxicodendron ji. quer-
cifolium, Michx. I. c.

p. chmbing ; leaves more commonly entire or nearly so. — R. radicans,
Linn. ; Bot. mag. t. 1806 ; Bigel. med. bot. 3. p. 19, t. 42 ; DC. I. c. R.
Toxicodendron a. vulgare, Michx. I. c. R. Toxicodendron 0. radicans,
Torr. ! ft. I. c.

/.leaves oval-oblong; fruit smaller. — R. Toxicodendron >'. microcarpon,
Michx. I. c.

In rather shady usually damp places, Canada ! (on the Saskatchawan,
Hooker) to Georgia ! west to Arkansas ! & the Rocky Mountains ! N. W.
America, Z)o?fo-/flrs (ex Hooker). May-June. — A low shrub, or climbing ;
poisonous like' the preceding. Leaflets large, petiolulate. Flowers mostly
dioecious, greenish. Drupes nearly the size of the preceding, pale chestnut-
color. — Poison-Ivy, Poison-Oak, ^c.

J 7. R. diversiloba: nearly glabrous; stem scarcely climbing, with short
leafy branches; leaves 3- (rarely 5-) foliolate; leaflets very obtuse, in the pis-
tillate plant slightly, in the staminate rather deeply pinnately lobed; lobes
very obtuse, the incisions acute ; panicles axillary, racemose ; drupes subglo-
bose.— R. lobata, Hook. ji. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 127, t. 46, <^ in bot. Beechey, p.
137 (the male), not of Poir. R. Toxicodendron, Hook. ^ Am. in bot.
Beechey, I. c. (the pistillate plant) ?

Borders of woods &c., Oregon. Douglas, Nnltall! & California, Beechey,
Nuttall! — "The sterile and fertile flowers in this species (which is very
near R. Toxicodendron) present some notable diflferences. The sterile, which
is figured by Hooker, has rather deeply lobed leaflets, sometimes in fives,
and larger flowers: in the fertile the leaflets are almost entire or slightly
lobed and the flowers considerably smaller, so that it might readily be taken
for a distinct species. The fruit is white, somewhat pubescent and gibbous."
Nutt. — The panicles are often shorter than the petioles.

Rhus. ANACARDIACE/E. 219

§ 3. Flowers diapcious or 'polygamous : disk glandular, deeply 5-lobed
(lobes opposite the petals) : drupe globose, villous : nut smooth, covipress-
ed: Jloioers in short aments, preceding the leaves. Leaves 3-falialuie.
— LOBADIUM, Raf.

8. R. aromatica (Ait.) : leaves pubescent when younfr (at length coria-
ceous and often "rlabrous); leaflets sessile, rhomboid-ovate, unequally and in-
cisely toothed, the terminal one narrowed at the base. — Ait. Kew. {ed. 1.) 1.
p. 367 ; Turpin, in ann. mus. 5. p. 445. t. 30 ; Pnrsh, fl. 1. p. 205; Ell. sk.
1. p. 361 ; Hook. I. c. II. suaveolens, Ait. I. c. R. Canadense, Mar.s'h. ar-
hust.7 ; DC. I. c. p. 73. Lobadium aromaticum, Baf. in jour. phys. 89.
p. 98. Turpinia, Baf. in JDesr. jour. bot. 2. p. 170. Schmalzia, JJesv. I. c.

In dry rocky places, from the 8askatchawan River (Hooker) to Georgia!
west to Arkansas ! April-May. — A small aromatic shrub. Flowers small,
yellow, on short pedicel^;, from axillary aments formed during the previous
summer. Drupes tlie size of a small i)ea, light red, more or less hispid,
slightly compressed, agreeably acid. This plant varies greatly in the degree
of pubescence of the leaves. R. suaveolens of Alton differs merely in the
leaves being almost glabrous, so that we have no hesitation in referring it to
the present species.

-f^ ^- B.trilobata (Nutt. ! mss.) : "leaves glabrous, small; lateral leaflets
obovate, obtuse, 3-lobed at the apex or nearly entire ; terminal leaflet cunei-
form, 3-lobed at the summit, the middle lobe sometimes 3-toothed.

" In the central chain of the Rocky Mountains. — A low leafy shrub ; the
leaves much smaller than in R. aromatica : terminal leaflet broad, i-1 inch
in length ; lateral ones smaller. Drupes scarlet, acid ; the nut flat, scarcely
striate." Nutt.

I

§ 4. " Flowers perfect \^or polygamous] : calyx subcampanulate : disk
fleshy, entire: stamens 5-10: styles united, very short: drupe globose,
with a thin and rather dry resinous aromatic pulp : nut orbicular,
compressed, even. Leaves simple, coriaceous, entire: flowers in panicu-
late racemes, terminal and in the axils of the upper leaves. — Malosma,"
Nutt.

10. B. laurina (Nutt.! mss.): " very glabrous ; leaves elliptical or elliptic-
ovate, obtuse or emarginate, often mucronate, on rather long petioles ; pani-
cles crowded ; stamens 5 ; filaments very short.

"On bushy plains, near St. Barbara, California. — A low spreading tree or
large shrub, much branched and very leafy, exhaling to a considerable dis-
tance an aromatic odor, something like that of the Bitter Almond, (whence
the name, from /laXa vakU & oufioq, odor.) Leaves very pale, pinnately
but not prominently veined, about 2 inches Ion?, often slightly emarginate at
both ends: petioles more than i an inch in length. Flowers very small and
numerous. Calyx fleshy ; segments obtuse. Petals oblong, a little longer
than the calyx. Stigmas 3, minute. — To this subgenus, or rather perhaps,
genu5, belongs the LUthi of Fuillee, or Laurus caustica of Molina, the
Rhus ? caustica, i/ooA:. if- Am. bot. Beechey^svoy. p. 15. t. 7, a species which
differs from ours in its larger decandrous flowers, and much shorter petioles;
we are not informed whether the fruit of that species yields an aromatic
odor. Mauria, //. B. ^ K. also differs but little from the plants of this curious
section ; and both possess the venomous properties of Toxicodendron." Nutt.
— The R. ? caustica, Hook. ^ Arn. is described as dioecious; but the accom-
panying plate represents, among others, one apparently perfect flower.

220 ANACARDIACEiE. Styphonia.

2. STYPHONIA. Nutt. mss.

" Sepals 7-9, colored, concave, with scarious margins, imbricated in seve-
ral series, persistent, somewhat similar to the rather imbricated bracteoles at
the base. Petals 5, oblong, slightly unguiculate, of the same texture as the
sepals, pubescent within near the base, inserted under the margin of the disk.
Stamens 5-7. Style short: stigma minute, 3-lobed. Fruit a dry flattened
drupe ; the pulp very acid and astringent : nut compressed, bony, 1-celled.
Seed solitary, suspended from a funiculus rising from the base of the cell. —
Low and much branched submaritime trees. Leaves simple, alternate, thick
and coriaceous, persistent. Flowers polygamous, sessile, in terminal con-
tracted panicles. Bark exuding small quantities of a very astringent gum-
resin." Nutt.

1. S. integrifolia (Nutt. ! mss.) : " leaves oval, very obtuse at both ends,
entire, on short petioles.

" On the margins of cliffs, &c. near the sea, around St. Diego & St. Bar-
bara ; common. — An unsightly tree, about the thickness of a man's arm,
branching widely and forming almost impervious thickets, glabrous ; the
young leaves and branches minuteljr pubescent. Leaves an inch or more
long, three times the length of the petioles, rather prominently veined beneath.
Flowers in few-flowered sessile clusters upon the short branches of the pani-
cle. Sepals and petals reddish. Drupes the size of a pea, hirsute. — Fruit
similar in most respects to that of Rhus § Sumac ; inflorescence somewhat
approaching that of Lobadium ; differing from both, particularly in the gra-
dual transition from bracts to petals. To this genus apparently belongs Rhus
atra, Forst., of New Caledonia, of which I hav&seen an original specimen,
but with:)Ut the flowers: the leaves are 3-4 inches long, very thick and rigid,
attenuated into short petioles, with very prominent anastomozing pinnate
yeins. Rhus mollis, H. B. ^ /f., also evidently belongs to the genus." Nutt.

2. S. serrata (Nutt. ! mss.) : " leaves oval or ovate, on very short petioles,
sharply repand-serrate.

" With the preceding, from which it differs merely in its leaves, which
when young are sharply serrate with small mucronate teeth ; the older leaves
are obscurely repand-serrate." Nutt.

Orper XXXV. AMYRIDACE^. R. Br.

Flowers perfect, regular. Sepals 4, or rarely 5, small, united at the
base, persistent. Petals as many as sepals, hypogynous (or none) :
aestivation imbricated. Stamens twice the number of the petals, hy-
pogynous, distinct : anthers introrse. Ovary solitary, simple, 1-cell-
ed, seated on a thickened disk : stigma capitate, sessile : ovules 2-6,
pendulous. Fruit drupaceous, leguminous, or samaroid, glandular, in-
dehiscent, 1-2-seeded. Seeds anatropous, destitute of albumen. Em-
bryo with a very short radicle, and thick fleshy cotyledons. — Resini-
ferous trees or shrubs. Leaves pinnately 3-7-foliolate, opposite, with
glandular pellucid dots, mostly destitute of stipules. Flowers panicled.
Pericarp covered with granular glands, filled with an aromatic oil.

LiMOMA. AURANTIACE/E. 221

1. AMYRIS. lAim.; DC. prodr. 2. p. SI.

Sepals 4, united at the base. Petals 4, cuneiform or unguiculatc. Sta-
mens 8, shorter than the petals. Drupe 1-seeded : nucleus chartaceous. —
Flowers white.

1. A. Floridana (Nutt.): leaves on very short petioles, 3-foliolate ; leaflets
ovate, pctiolulatc, oDtuse or sub-acurniiiate, stroni^ly reticulate-veined, the
margin mostly entire; flowers somewhat panicled; drupes subglobose, at-
tenuate at the base.— iV«//. .' in Sill. Jour. 5. p. 294; DC. prodr. 2. p. SI.

East Florida, Mr. Ware. — A shrub. Flowers not seen. Petiolules of
the terminal leaflet a little longest. — A. toxilera, Catesb. Car. is wrongly
credited to the United States.

Order XXXVI. AURANTIACEiE. Correa.

Sepals united into a short 3-5-toothed urceolate or campanulate
marcescent calyx. Petals 3-5, broad at the base, slightly imbricated
in sestivation, inserted on the outside of a conspicuous hypogynous
disk. Stamens equal in number to, or some multiple of, the petals, in-
serted upon the disk in a single series : filaments flattened below,
sometimes distinct, sometimes monadelphous or polyadelphous : an-
thers innate or attached near the base, versatile, the connectivum
articulated with the filament. Ovary several-celled, composed of
several united carpels : style 1, cylindrical : stigma somewhat lobed,
thickish. Fruit (an orange) consisting of several (or by abortion of
1) membranaceous carpels, commonly filled with pulp, and surrounded
by a thickish indehiscent rind abounding in receptacles of volatile oil.
Seeds solitary or several, and attached to the inner angle of each car-
pel, usually pendulous, anatropous ; the raphe and chalaza usually very
distinctly marked : albumen none. Embryo straight ; the cotyledons
large and thick, fleshy, partly concealing the radicle : plumule usually-
conspicuous. — Trees or siirubs (tropical), often with axillary spines,
almost always glabrous, every part abounding in pellucid glands full of
volatile oil. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, exstipulate, usually com-
pound ; the petiole often dilated or winged : when apparently simple
the lamina is articulated with the petiole, showing that they are pin-
nate leaves reduced to the terminal leaflet. Flowers very odorous.

1. LIMONIA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 353 ; IF. ^ Arn. prodr. Lid. Or. 1. p. 91.

Flowers and carpels symmetrical, in a quaternary or quinary proportion.
Calyx 4-5-cleft. Petals 4-5. Stamens 8-10 : fdaments distinct, subulate :
anthers cordate-oblong. Torus elevated, forming a short stalk to the ovary.
Ovary obovate, 4-5-celled, glabrous, with 1-2 collateral pendulous ovules from

222 TERNSTRCEMIACE^. Gordonie^.

the lop of each cell : style elongated: stigmas obtuse. Fruit baccate, with
4-5 cells, or by abortion fewer. Seeds solitary in each cell, surrounded with
mucilage. — Shrubs or trees. Leaves simple, 3-foliolate, or pinnate. W. ^ Arn.

1. Z/. acidissima? (Linn.): leaves pinnate; leaflets roundish-oval, cre-
nate ; spines geminate. Nutt. in Sill. jour. 5. p. 295. L. ambigua, DC.
prodr. 1. p. 536.

East Florida, collected by ]\Tr. Ware. N'liii. — The specimens collected by
Mr. Ware are very imperfect, and exhibit neither the flowers nor fruit. We
possess similar specimens of the same plant collected in Southern Florida by
Dr. Hassler and communicated to us by the Columbian Horticultural So-
ciety. The plant is probably not indigenous to Florida. Wight & Arnott
unite L. crenulata with L. acidissima.

Citrus. — Wm. Bartram (in his Travels through North and Sotdh Carolina,
Georgia, and Florida, 1791,) makes frequent mention of extensive groves of wild
Orangje trees in East Florida, as far north as lat 28'^. In a notice of the town of
New Smyrna he observes: " I was there about 10 years ago, wiien the surveyor run
the lines of the colony, where there was neither habitation nor cleared field. It was
then a famous Orange grove, the upper or south promontory of a ridge nearly half a
mile wide, and stretching north about 40 miles, &c. &c. All this was one entire
Orange grove, with Live-Oaks, Magnolias, Palms, Red Bays, and others." Bartr.
I. c. note on p. 244. See also p. 253, &c. These groves seem to be well-known in
Florida at the present day, and are generally supposed to be indigenous. According
to the late Mr. Croom " they are rarely found north of lat. 29^ 30', although there
is a small grove near the Alligator Pond, which is somewhat nnrth of lat. oO°,"
Croom, mss. The fruit is known by the name of Bitter-sweet Orange.

Order XXXVII. TERNSTRCEMIACE^. Mirh. ; Kunth.

Ternstroemiacece & Theacese, Mirb.

Sepals 3-5, concave, coriaceous, persistent, the innermost often
larjj;est : aestivation imbricated. Petals mostly 5, hypogynous, alter-
nate with the sepals, often united at the base. Stamens indefinite,
inserted with the petals : filaments filiform, usually monadelphous or
polyadelphous at the base, often adherent to the base of the petals :
anthers adnate or versatile. Ovary 2-7-celled, usually sessile on a
discoid torus : ovules 2 or more in each cell : placentae in the axis :
styles 2-7, distinct or combined. Fruit 2-7-celied, capsular, baccate,
or coriaceous and indehiscent. Seeds usually few and large, anatropous
or campulitropous, v/ith or without albumen. Embryo straight or
curved : cotyledons often large and containing oil. — Trees or shrubs.
Leaves alternate, mostly coriaceous, e.xstipulate, now and then with
pellucid dots. Peduncles axillary and terminal. Flowers large and
showy.

Tribe GORDONIE.^. DC.

Capsule loculicidal. Seeds destitute of albumen, winged or mar-
gined : cotyledons foliaceous, wrinkled and plaited lengthwise Small

Stuartia. TERNSTRCEMIACE^. 223

trees or shrubs, natives of the Southern Atlantic states. Leaves ser-
rate or nearly entire. Flowers large, axillary (or terminal), solitary.

1. GORDONIA. Ellis, inphil. trans. (GO. ^. 11) ; Car. diss. 6. t. 161.

Sepals 5, roundish, coriaceous, strongly imbricated. Petals 5, somewhat
united at the base. Styles united into one, columnar. Capsule woody, ovoid
or globose, 5-valved. Seeds 2 in each cell, with a short terminal or lateral
wing. — Trees. Flowers white.

§ 1. Tube of the filaments short, d-lobed, adnate to the base of the pe-
tals : stijle as long as the stamens : capside ovoid. Leaves coriaceous,
perennial : fiowers on slender peduncles. — Lasianthus, DC.

1. G. Lasianthus (Linn.) : leaves lanceolate-oblong, narrowed at the base,
coriaceous, smooth and shining on both sides, finely and sharply serrate ; pe-
duncles somewhat shorter than the leaves ; sepals densely silky, ciliate ;
capsule conical, acuminate. — Linn. want. 1. p. 570; Cav. I. c. ; Bat. mag.t.
668 ; Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 42 ; Pursh ! ft. 2. p. 451 ; Mich.r.f syti\ 1. p. 295, t.
58; Ell. sk. 2. p. 171; DC. prodr. 1. p. 528; Audubon, birds of Amer.
t. 168. Hypericum Lasianthus, Linn. hort. Cliff, p. 380. Alcea Flori-
dana, &c., Catesb. Car. 1. t. 44.

In shallow swamps, near the coast, Virginia to Florida! May-Aug. —
Tree 50-80 feet high (wood light, mahogany-color). Leaves subsessile.
Peduncles 3-4-bracteolate under the flower. Petals somewhat hairy outside.
Capsule rarely 6-celled, Q-vaWed.— Loblolly Bay.— A second species, appa-
rently of this section, is G. Wallichii, DC. (G. Chilaunea, Don), a native of
Nepal.

§ 2. Filaments distinct, adnate to the base of the petcds : style shorter
than the stamens : capsule globose. Leaves deciduous : fiowers subses-
sile.— Franklinia, Bartram.

2. G. pubescens (L' Her.): leaves oblong-cuneiform, finely and sharply
serrate, shining above, canescent beneath, rather thin and membranaceous ;
sepals and petals silky-pubescent beneath.— L'J^er. stirp. p. 156; Vent.
Malm. t. 1 ; Cav. diss. 6. t. 162 ; Willd. sp. 3. p. 841 ; Michx. ! fi. 2. p. 42;
Pursh, fl. 2. p. 451 ; Mich.r.f. sylv. 1. t. 59 ; Ell. .<;k. 2. p. 171 ; DC. prodr.
1. p. 528 ; Audubon, birds of Amer. t. 185. G. Franklinii, L'Her. I. c. p.
156 ; Willd. I. c. Franklinia Americana & Altaraaha, Marsh, arbust. p.
48. Lacathea florida, Salisb. parad. Lond. t. 56.

Near Fort Barrington, on the Altamaha, Georgia, Bartram.! Florida,
{herb. Srhweiniz ! ). May-Aug.— Tree 30-50 feet high, with widely
spreading branches. Leaves nearly sessile, veiny. Flowers about 3 inches
in diameter. Filaments yellow.

2. STUARTIA. Catesb. Car. t. 13 ; Linn; UHer. stirp. t. 73 ^ 74.

Stewartia & Malachodendron, Cav.; DC.

Sepals 5, more or less united at the base, 1-2-bracteolate. Petals 5,
united at the base ; the margins crenulate. Tube of the stamens adnate
to the base of the petals. Styles 5, filiform, distinct, or united into one.
Capsule somewhat woody, 5-celled, 5-valved. Seeds 2 in each cell, slightly
margined.— Shrubs with ovate membranaceous deciduous leaves, and large
(white or cream-colored) subsessile flowers.

224 MALVACEAE. Malope.

1. S. Malachodendron (Linn.): leaves oval, mostly acuminate at each
end, mucronately serrulate, clothed with a soft pubescence beneath; sepals
obtuse, united below ; styles united ; capsule globose. — Linn. sp. p. 982, &
in act Upsal. (1741) t. 2; UHer. stirp. t. 73; Gronov. Virg. p. 101;
Walt. Car. p. 17G; Lam. ill t. 593. S. Virginica, Cav. diss. 5. t. 159;
Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 43; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 451; Ell. sk. 2. p. 172; DC. prodr.
l.p. 52S. S. Marilandica, Andrews, hot. rep. t. 73.

Virginia! to Florida! (in swamps, Pursh: in dry rich soils, Elliott) {rom
the coast to near the mountains ; Red River, Louisiana, Dr. Hale ! April-
June. — Shrub 6-12 feet high ; branches geniculate, pubescent when young.
Leaves on short petioles. Flowers occasionally in pairs. Sepals roundish,
with 2 small bracteoles at the base, silky beneath. Petals a little hairy be-
neath, white. Filaments short, purple: anthers blue. Stigmas 5-lobed.
Capsule hairy.

2. S. pentagyna (L'Her.) : leaves oval or ovate, acuminate, entire or mu-
cronately serrulate, somewhat pubescent beneath ; sepals lanceolate ; styles
distinct ; capsule 5-angled.— Zy'//e?'. stirp. t. 74 ; Willd. sp. 3. p. 840 ; SWdth,
exot. hot. t. 101 ; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 452; Ell. sk. 2. p. 173. Malachodendron
ovatum, Cav. diss. 5. t.i58; Michx. I. c. ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 528 ; Bot. reg.
t. 1104.

N. Carolina ! to Georgia ! in the mountains. May — July. — Shrub closely
resembling the preceding, but with rather larger, cream-colored, and more
deeply crenulate petals. Sepals and capsule hairy; the latter with 5 salient
angles, woody. Seeds 2 in each cell, oval or nearly orbicular, plano-convex ;
testa crustaceous, dilated into a slight somewhat membranaceous margin.

Order XXXVIII. MALVACEAE. Juss. (in part) ; DC.

Sepals 5 (rarely 3 or 4), more or less united at the ba.se, often hav-
ing an external calyx or involucel : sestivation valvate. Petals hypo-
gynous, equal in number to the sepals, with a twisted aestivation.
Stamens hypogynous, usually indefinite, or rarely as few as the pe-
tals, monadelphous : anthers 1-celled, reniform, bursting transversely :
pollen hispid. Ovary formed by the union of several carpels round a
common axis, either distinct or cohering : styles as many as the car-
pels, united or distinct : stigmas as many or twice as many as the car-
pels. Fruit capsular, or rarely baccate: carpels 1- or many-seeded,
sometimes closely united, sometimes separate or separable ; the dehis-
cence loculicidal or septicidal. Seeds campulitropous or heterotropous,
with little or no albumen. Embryo curved : cotyledons foliaceous,
twisted and doubled up. — Herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, stipu-
late, mostly palmately veined : pubescence mostly stellate.

1. MALOPE. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 583; DC. prodr. l.p. 429.

Calyx surrounded by an mvolucel of 3 cordate leaves. Carpels numerous,
distinct, 1-seeded, aggregated without order. — Herbs with purplish or white
flowers.

1. M. Malacoides (Linn.) : leaves ovate, crcnatc ; stipules oblong-linear ;

Malva. MALVACEAE. ' 225

pcdunclps axillary. t-floAVorod. DC— Null. ^oi. 2. p. 82; Ell. sk. 2. p. Ifi4.
Malva Aint-ricaDa, Mnhl. cat. p. 65, fide Elllolt.

PinmsyWrnua, Muhlenberg ; Virginia? Elliotl. — (J) Stem 12-18 indies
high, sparingly branched, clothed with while hairs toward the summit.
Leaves ovale, toothed, very obtuse at the base, nearly glabrous above, hairy
on the veins beneath : petioles an inch long. Flowers axillary, solitary : pe-
duncles 2-3 lines long. Bracteoles setaceous. Petals twice as long as the
calyx, yellow. Carpels hispid, collected into a depressed globular head,
EUioll. — .\ultall, who saw the plant here described in Elliott's herbarium,
considered it the Malope Matacoides. According to EUiott it is the Malva
Americana of Muhlenberg, but not of Willdcnow. We have not the means
of determining the genus of this plant, but believe it to be a species of Malva.

2. MALVA. Linn, j Lam. ill. t. 5S2; W. ^ Am. prodr. Ind. Or. 1. p. 4j.

Malva & CalUrhoe, Null. (Nuttallia, Dick tf- Bart.)

Calyx 5-clcft, with an inVolucel of usually 3, sometimes 1-2 or 5-6 oblong
or setaceous bracteoles, or very rarely naked. Carpels several (rarely only
5), dry, indchiscent, circularly arranged round the axis. Radicle inferior.

* Flowers purple or v:kite.

t Leaves undivided.

^1. M. rntundifolia (Linn): stem prostrate; leaves cordate-orbicular, ob-
tusely 5-lobed ; petioles pubescent ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, declined in
fruit, elongated ; segments of the calyx acutely triangular ; involucre 3-leaved;
carpels numerous, wrinkled. — DC. prodr. 1. p. 432; Pursh, Jl. 2. p. 454;
Ell. sk. 2. p. 163.

Road-sides and waste grounds. Introduced from Europe, Mav-Sept. —
li Stem spreading, a foot long. Leaves crenate, on elongated petioles.
Flowers half an inch in diameter. Bracteoks oblong-linear. Petals pale
purple.

2. iM. obtn.fa : stem prostrate: leaves cordate-orbicular, obtusely 5-lobed ;
petioles elongated, pubescent ; peduncles axillary, several together, much
shorter than the petioles, declined in fruit?; segments of the calyx short;
obtusely triangular; involucre 3-leaved, the bracteoles setaceous ; carpels nu-
merous, strongly Avrinkled.

California, Douglas ! — Much resembling the preceding species ; but the
stem is stouter, the pedicels much shorter, and the segments of the calyx
(when in fruit) also shorter and broader.

3. M. Hnus-hlonii : stellately hairy; stem herbaceous, erect?; leaves
crenate, deltoid-ovate, the radical ones cordate at the base ; flowers in a
loose terminal panicle ; bracteoles 3, linear-spatulate ; carpels numerous, not
wrinkled.

Dry prairies, North-West Territory, Dr. Houghton ! Pekin, Illinois, Mr.
Buckley ! July-Aug. — Stem 2-3 feet long. Leaves on long petioles, those
of the stem truncate at the base, coarsely crenate, 2-3 inches long. Panicle
many-flowered : pedicels several together. Flowers purple, an inch and a
half in diameter. Styles 10-12 i stigmas simple. Involucre as long as the
calyx.

++ Leaves divided.

4. M.fascicnlala (Nutt. mss) : stellately and someAvhat canescentlv pubes-
cent; stem nearly simple; leaves roundish-cordate, somewhat 3-lobed, ou

29

226 MALVACE^. Malva.

short petioles; rather thick, crenate; flowers in somewhat distant leafless
fascicles, on the upper part of the stem ; pedicels very short ; segments of
the calyx short, acuminate ; hracteoles 3, subulate ; carpels about 10.

St. Barbara, Upper California, A'M«a// .'—Stem about a foot long. Low-
er leaves 1-li inch wide, obscurely 3-lobed ; upper ones distinctly 3-lobed_:
petiole 2-3 Unes long. Flowers J of an inch in diameter, 6-10 in a fasci-
cle. Bracteoles more than half as long as the calyx. Stamens very nume-
rous. Carpels not seen.

5. M. involucrata: hirsute; stem branching, procumbent; leaves deeply
3-5-parted; segments hnear-lanceolate, laciniately 3-5-toothed ; flowers few,
in a loose panicle ; peduncles erect, 1-flowered, longer than the leaves ; brac-
teoles 3, linear-lanceolate, two-thirds the length of the deeply-parted calyx ;
carpels numerous, hairy, not wrinkled.— Nuttallia involucrata, Nutt. ! exTorr.
in ami. lye. New- York., 2. p. 172.

p. lineariloba: segments of the leaves divided into 3-5 narrowly linear
lobes.

Valley of the Loup Fork of the Platte, Dr. James! p. Texas, Drum-
w,05i(i: /—Stem clothed with spreading hairs. Leaves divided nearly to the
base, stellately hirsute on both surfaces. Flowers axillary in the uppermost
leaves; about 1^ inch in diameter, scarlet: peduncle 1^-2 inches (in 0. 3-4
inches) long. Sepals very hirsute, lanceolate, united only a little above the
base. Ovaries 15-20. Stigmas simple. Carpels (immature) lunate, point-
less.

6. M. Mimroana (Dougl.) : loAver leaves cordate-orbicular, toothed, upper
ones somewhat trifid and incised, pubescent; flov/ers fascicled, somewhat
spiked ; peduncles decUned in fruit ; bracteoles 2-3, slender, deciduous ; car-
pels 8-10.— Lindl. in hot. reg. t. 1306 ; Hook. f. Bnr.-Am. 1. f. 106. Nut-
tallia Munroana, Nutt.! in jour. acad. Philacl. 7. p. 16.

Open vallies about the sources of the Oregon, Mr. Wyeth! Sandy deserts,
from the Great Falls of the Oregon to the Rocky Mountains, Douglas.
June — 1( Stems about a span long, divided into several slender flowering
branches. Leaves on slender petioles, sparingly hirsute with stellate hairs.
Peduncles slender. Flowers clustered, 3-5 together, on short pedicels. Calyx
densely hairy ; the segments short and obtuse, CoroUa scarlet, about an inch
in diameter.

7. M. rivuloris (Dougl.) : stem herbaceous, stellately pubescent ; leaves
somewhat scabrous, cordate, deeply 5-7-cleft ; lobes acute, coarsely serrate ;
peduncles terminal and axillary, elongated, 6-8-flowered, racem'ed, leafy;
calyx stellately tomentose ; bracteoles setaceous ; fruit very hairy. Hook. fl.
Bor.-Am. l.p.\^l.

River banks, N. W. America, from the Ocean to the Rocky Mountams :
common. Douglas.— U Stem 2-4 feet high, branched, robust. Leaves
large, smoothish above, scabrous with scattered hairs beneath. Peduncles
stellately tomentose : pedicels short, erect. Flowers as large as in Malva
rotundifolia, white or flesh-color. Hook.

8. M. Papaver (Cav.) : somewhat scabrous-hirsute ; radical leaves on
elongated petioles, cordate, more or less deeply 3-5-lobed ; cauline ones deep-
ly 3-5 parted ; the segments oblong-lanceolate or linear, laciniately toothed
or entire ; flowers few, on long axillary peduncles, or forming a loose panicle ;
calyx with 3 bracteoles (rarely naked), hispid.— CVrr. diss. 2. t. 15./. 3; DC.
prodr. 1. p. 431. M. triangulata, Leavemcorth, in Sill. jour. 7. p. 62 ? M.
nuttallioides, Croo^n ! in Sill. jour. 26. p. 313. Nuttallia cordifolia, Nutt. !
in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 98. N. Papaver, Graham, in hot. mag. t. 3287,
^ in Edinb. new pUiL jour. no. 31 (Jan. 1S34) ; Don, in Brit. fi. gard.
t. 279.

Malva. MALVACEii:. 227

Prairies and alon? rivers; Georgia, Dr. Boykin! Middle Florida,
Croom! Dr. Chapman! Louisiana, />r. //fz/e .' Alabama &, Arkansas,
Dr. Learenworth ! May-Sept. — y Root tuberous, tapprini^, descending.
Stems numerous from one root, somewhat decumbent at tlie base, branching
above. Radical leaves often very ol)tusely lobed : cauline ones parted nearly
to the base ; the segments sometimes entire, usually with several coarse
teeth, the middle one often pinnatifiilly lobed. Peduncles solitary, or more com-
monly two or more together from the axils of the upper leaves, 3-8 inches long.
Flowers as large as in Papaver Rha?as. Bracteoles spatulate-lanceolate. Ca-
lyx divided below the middle; segments ovate-lanceolate. Petals bright pur-
plish-red, truncate and eroselv crenate at the extremity. Carpels 15-20, dis-
posed in a depressed circle, glabrous, reticulated andlacunoseon the back and
sides. — The plant of Cavanilles was from Louisiana, for which subsequent au-
thors in copying his description have written '"Lusitania." The mistake
was first detected by Dr. Graham.

9. M. digitata: glaucous and nearly glabrous ; leaves deeply 6-7-parted ;
segments linear, entire or 2- (rarely 3-) cleft, the uppermost entire; flowers
few, solitary or somewhat paniculate, on elongated peduncles; calyx naked,
glabrous.— Nuttallia digitata, Hook.! exot.Ji. 3.^.171. Callirrhoe digitata,
Nutt. ! in Jour. acad. PhUad. 2. p. 181.

Prairies of Arkansas, Mf/^a// .' Dr. Pitcher ! Texas, Drummond.— U
Root tuberous, somewhat fusiform. Stem 2-4 feet high, terete, slender, with
a few branches toward the summit. Flowers li-2 inches in diameter, pur-
ple. Segiuents of the calyx ovate-lanceolate, acuminate. Petals crenulate
at the summit. Carpels as in the preceding.

10. M.pedata: somewhat scabrous wnth stellate hairs; leaves pedately
5-7-parted ; segments laciniately toothed ; flowers on elongated peduncles in
a loose panicle; calyx nak-d, slightly hirsute.— Nuttallia pedata, A^'m^. .' in
Hook. e.rot. fl. 3. t. i73. N. digitata, Bart. ! fl. Am. Sept. 2. t. 62.

/?. ? umbellata: stems simple, 1-2-leavcd, radical leaves pedate ; the mid-
dle segment much the largest, lacinir.tely lobed ; flowers somewhat umbelled ;
calyx hirsute. — Sida macrorhiza, James ! mss.

With the preceding, Nattall! fi. Valley of the Platte, Dr. James!— U
Stems 2-1 feet high; in 0. about a foot high, springing from a large soft
edible root, in shape and size between a small turnip and a parsnip. Lower
leaves with 5 primary divisions: the middle, and sometimes the two lateral,
segments 3-lobed ; lobes entire or toothed, linear or linear-lanceolate.
Flowers resembling those of the preceding species, (pale purple in/?. James.)
— Perhaps the last two species are not distinct. The M. pedala figured by
Hooker apoi-ars to bs exactly M. digitata of Barton. The peduncles in i3.
are 1-2 inches long, and so nearly equal that the flowers appear umbellate.

♦ * Flowers yellow.

11. M. hederacea (Douql.): perennial, every part of the plant stellately
tomentose and hairy ; stem short, herbaceous, procumbent ; leaves petioled,
cordate, undivided and somewhat lobed, crenately serrate, somewhat plicate;
peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, longer than the petiole ; petals stellately pubes-
cent on the back and margin. Dongl. in Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 107.

Sides of streams in the interior of Oregon. June-July. Douglas. —
Plant small. Stim branching toward the base, flexuous. Leaves about an
inch wide, somewhat plicate. Segments of the calyx acute, Avith 3 setaceous
deciduous bracteoles. Petals obovate-cuneate or obcordate. Hook.

12. M. plicata (Nutt. mss.) : perennial ; stellately and somewhat canes-
cently tomentose, rather thick ; stem prostrate, flexuous ; leaves reniform-
cordate, undivided, crenately serrate, somewhat plicate ; flowers nearly ses-
sile, solitary ; petals stellately pubescent on the back.

228 MALVACE.^. Modiola.

On the Wallawallah, Oregon, Nuttall ! — Stem scarcely a span long,
branching. Leaves rather shorter than the petioles, about an inch in diame-
ter. Flowers 3-4 lines in diameter. Bracteoles usually 2, setaceous, deci-
duous. Petals roundish-obovate, pubescent externally on one side of the
midiierve, glabrous Avhere it is overlapped by the adjoining petal. Fruit not
seen. — It appears to agree in almost every respect with the preceding (which
we have not seen), except that the flowers are nearly sessile. We cannot de-
termine the color of" the flower from our specimen.

M. xaiiViLim ofRafiiiesque is a varietyof M. Alcea^aad is probably an introduc-
ed plant.

M triloha of Muhlenberg, {cat, p. G5 ; Nutt, gen. 2. p. 81.) — Of tliis species we
can find no description.

M. abutlloldes, Linn, is said by Pursh to occur on the sea-coast of Carolina ; but
this is very doubtful.

3. SPH^RALCEA. .4. St. Ilil. fl. Bras. 1. p. 207.
Malva § Sphieroma, DC.

Calyx 5-cleft, with 3 setaceous bracteoles at the base. Carpels numerous,
aggregated in a subglobose head, 2-valved, 2- or several-seeded. Radicle in
the upper seed superior, in the lower one inferior. — Herbaceous plants.
Leaves entire or lobed. Peduncles short, many-flowered.

1. S. stellata : densely clothed with a grayish stellate pubescence ; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, acute, petioled, erosely serrate, rugose ; peduncles axiEary,
3-5-flowered ; flowers aggregated ; carpels 12-14, bimucronate, 2- (rarely 3-)
seeded. — jSida stellata, Toit. ! in ami. lye. New -York, 2. p. 171.

Margins of small brooks, near the sources of the Arkansas, Dr. James !
— Stem 1-2 feet high, brairched. Leaves 2-3 inches long, 4-5 lines wide :
petioles about 4 lines long. Flowers very numerous ; the common peduncle
2-3 lines long : pedicels extremely short. Bracteoles very slender. Calyx
cleft below the middle; segments ovate-lanceolate, acute. Corolla purple
(in dried specimens), about half an inch in diameter. Carpels -with 2 short
slightly recurved points. Seed reniform, glabrous.

2. .S. «cer//b/ia (Nutt.): minutely roughish-tomentose -with a stellate pu-
bescence; leaves 5-lobed, somewhat cordate ; the lobes acute, toothed, un-
equally serrate; peduncles aggregated, terminal; carpels 12-14, pointless. —
Malva (Sphseroma) aeerifoha, Nutt.! mss.

Rivulets east of Wallawallah, Nuttall .'—Stem, much branched. Leaves
2-2 i inches long, and about the same in width : petioles about J the length
of the lamina. Flowers 3-4 together at the summit of the branches. Brac-
teoles linear-lanceolate. Calyx cleft to the middle ; segments broadly ovate,
acute. Corolla an inch in diameter ; purple (in dried specimens). Carpels
pilose, dehiscing on the back from the summit to the base. — The seeds had
mostly fallen out in our specimen, but there appeared to have been 2 or 3 in
each carpel, scabrous with short hairs.

4. MODIOLA. Moinch, meth. 620; .4. St. Hil. fl. Bras. 1. p. 211.

Calyx 5-cleft, with 3 bracteoles at the base. Carpels numerous, arranged
circularly, 2-valved, spuriously 2-celled transversely by the inflexion of a
valve-like process, 2-seeded. Radicle in the upper seed superior, in the low-

Malvaviscus. MALVACE^. 229

er seed inferior. — Prostrate and usually creeping herbs. Leaves divided.
Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered.

1. M. multijida (Moench): leaves palinately o-5-lohed ; sej^raents incised

and toothed; pedicels longer than the petioles; stamens 15-lH ; carpels 15-

20, hispid, with 2 subulate horns. — Momch, I. c. Malva Caroliniana, fjiini.;

mild. sp. 3. p. 784; Walt. Car. p. 176 ; Mic/ui: J jl. 2. p. 44 ; Ell. .sk. 2.

p. H53; DC. prodr. 1. p. 435.

In rich soils, along rivers, and in waste places ; Virginia ! to Florida ! west
to Red River, Louisiana! July-Sept.— (J)? Ell. Stem difluse, more or
less hirsute, usually rooting at the lower joints. Leaves 1-2 inches in diame-
ter, truncate or subcordate at the base, hirsute beneath, Avith a few scattered
hairs above. Flowers 5-6 lines in diameter. Bracteoles linear-lanceolate.
Segments of the calyx ovate-lanceolate. Petals obovate, purplish-red, a little
longer than the calyx. Carpels lunate, much compressed, hispid on the
back, wrinkled on the sides toward the base. A rigid process rising from
the back on the inside of the carpel extends to the axis, separating the upper
from the lower seed. — Very near M. repens, St. Ilil. Jl. Bra.s. 1. p. 212. t.
43, & Malva (Modiola) prostrata, Cav.; both of which are perhaps but vari-
eties of this species.

5. ALTH^A. Cav. diss. 2. p. 91 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 437.

Althffia & Alcea, Linn.

Calyx surrounded by a 6-9-cleft involucel. Carpels numerous, indehis-
cent, 1-seeded, arranged in a circle round the axis.

1. A. officinalis (Linn.) : leaves softly tomentose on both sides, cordate
or ovate, toothed, entire or 3-lobed ; peduncles many-flowered, much shorter
than the leaves. — Euir. hot. t. 147 ; Bigel. Jl. Bost. p. 259; DC. prodr. 1.
p. 436.

Borders of salt marshes. Long Island and elsewhere: introduced. Aug.-
Sept. — U Root long, white. Stem about 2 feet high. Leaves usuaOy some-
what 3-lobed. Peduncles 3-4-flowered. Flowers an inch or more in diame-
ter, pale rose-color. — Common Marsh-mallow.

6. MALVAVISCUS. Dill.; DC. prodr. 1. p. 445.

Achania, Stvartz.

Calyx surrounded by an involucel of numerous bracteoles. Petals erect,
convolute. Styles 10, united below : stigmas capitellate, the alternate ones
lonser. Carpels 5, baccate, 1-seeded, somewhat distinct, or united into a 5-
celled fruit. — Frutescent (rarely herbaceous?) plants. Flowers red.

1. .1/. Floridanus TNutt) : hirsute ; leaves cordate-ovate, crenately serrate,
rather acute, on petioles one-fourth their length; peduncles axillary in the
uppermost leaves, 1-flowered, nodding ; involucel 8-9-leaved, somewhat pa-
tulous, rather shorter than the calyx. — Niitt. ! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p.
S9. M. penduliflorus, DC. prodr. 1. p. 445?

Key West, E. Florida, Mr. Ware; Mr. Bennett I — A small shrub.
Leaves 1-li inch long, hispid with somewhat stellate hairs. Peduncles long-
er than the petioles. Leaflets of the involucel narrowly linear. Calyx deep-
ly 5-cleft ; segments ovate-lanceolate. Corolla about an inch long, scarlet,
Stamineal column exserted. — Near M. arboreus.

230 MALVACEAE. Abutilon.

2. M. Drummondii : stem and lower surface of the leaves minutely to-
mento?e; leaves broadly cordate, somewhat 3-lobed, coarsely and crenately
toothed; petiole about half as ]on<^as the lamina; flowers solitary on axillary
peduncles, or several together on short flowering branches ; involucel 8-leaved,
the folioles spatulatc, nearly as longas the calyx^ erect; column twice as long
as the corolla ; car))els connate.

Texas, Drnmmond! — If 7 Stem tall, branching. Leaves 2-2i inches
long and of nearly the same breadth, somewhat velvety beneath. Flowers
as large as in M. arboreus, scarlet. Column very slender, a little declined:
stigmas hairy. Fruit (immature) red, subglobose, obtuse ; composed of 5
closely united carpels.

7. GOSSYPIUM. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 586 ; DC. prodr. I. p. 456; W. f
Am. prodr. lad. Or. 1. p. 54.

Calyx cup-shaped, obtusely 5-toothed, surrounded by a 3-leaved involucel;
the leaflets united and cordate at the base, deeply toothed and incised. Styles
united ; stigmas 3, sometimes 5. Capsule 3-5-celled, loculicidal. Seeds nu-
merous, imbedded in cotton. — Young branches and leaves more or less con-
spicuously covered with black dots ; the nerves beneath usually with one or
more glands. — Cotton-plant.

1. G. herbaceum (Linn.): leaves 3-5-lobed, with a single gland below;
lobes mucronate ; cotton Avhite. — DC. prodr. 1. p. 456.

Southern Stites & Florida! naturalized in some places. — Thirteen spe-
cies of Cotton are described by De CandoUe, and many more are enumerated
by some writers. Dr. Hamilton (Linn, trans. 13. p. 492), who is followed
by Wight & Arnott, reduces twelve of De Candolle's species to two, viz :
G. albuiTi (//am.): seeds and cotton both white ; and G. nigrum {Ham.)'.
seeds black, cotton white. G. Barbadense, which is said to be the " Sea Is-
land Cotton," is referred to the latter.

8. ABUTILON. Dill. ; Lam. ill. t. 578 ; Kunth, syn. 3. p. 245.

Species of Sida, Linn. ; DC. d^-c.

Calyx 5-cleft, without an involucel. Ovary 5-many-celled, with 3 (or rare-
ly more) ovules in each cell. Capsule composed of 5 or. more 2-valved 3-
(rarely 4-6-) seeded carpels. Leaves cordate, rarely somewhat lobed.
Peduncles axillary, solitary or rarely in pairs, 1-2- or many-flowered; some-
times (by the abortion of the upper leaves) in terminal racemes.

1. A. AvicenncB (Gsertn.) : leaves orbicular-cordate, velvety-tomentose, acu-
minate, crenately toothed; peduncles shorter than the petiole; carpels about
15, 3-seeded, inflated, truncate, obliquely birostrate, hairy. — Gcertn. fr. 2. p.
251. t. 135. Sida Abutilon, Linn.j Pursh,Jl. 2. p. 253 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 162 ;
DC. prodr. 1. p. 470; Darlingt. f. Cest. p. 397.

Waste places and road-sides: introduced. July-Sept. — (T) Stem 2-5 feet
high, with spreading branches. Leaves deeply cordate, 4-6 inches in diame-
ter, with a slender abrupt acumination. Flowers usually solitary on axillary
peduncles, sometimes 3 or more on short flowering branches w/hich bear 1
or 2 small leaves. Corolla orange-yellow. Capsules large, the long beaks of
the carpels spreading in a radiated manner.

SiDA. MALVACEiT:. 231

2. A. Niiltallii : leaves cordate, acuminate, softly pubosrent, irrej^ularly
serrate; peduncles axillary, l-flowered, shorter than the petiole; carpels 8,
pubescent, obtuse and pointless, 3-seeded.

On the Red River, Nuttall ! Rocky hills in the prairies near Fort Tow-
son, Arkansas, Dr. Leavenirorlh !—U Stem 14-2 feel hiifh, somewhat
branched. Leaves about 2 inches long ; and li inch wide ; petiole shorter
than the lamina. Capsule subfjlobosc much longer than the calyx: carpels
dehiscing from the summit to the base, partly separating when mature, ob-
liquely truncate.

3. A. Te.r^7isis: leaves cordate-ovate, acute, softly pubescent, serrate; pe-
duncles somewhat racemose at the upper part of the branches, l-flowered ;
carpels S, pubescent, acute, erect, 3-seeded.

Texas, JJrtmimond! — U ? About 2 feet high, paniculately branched
above, minutely tomentose. Leaves about an inch long; the petiole half as
long as the lamina. Peduncles several on each branch, arising from the ax-
ils of small abortive leaves, forming a loose raceme. Capsule ovate ; the
carpels cohering, except at the summit.

9. SIDA. Linn, j Lam. ill. t. 578 ^ 579 ; Cav. diss. p. 5.

Sida & Napsea, Linn. Bastardia, Kunth.

Calyx 5-cleft, without an involucel, or rarely with 1 or 2 setaceous bracte-
oles. Ovary 5- or many-celled, Avith a single ovule in each cell. Capsule
consisting of 5 or more 1-seeded, usually 2-valved carpels. Radicle (by the
resupination of the seed) superior.

* Pedicels short ; leaves ovate, oblong, or linear.

1. S. spinosa (hmn.): stem minutely pubescent ; leaves ovate-lanceolate,
serrate-dentate, with a subspinose tubercle at the base of the petiole ; sti-
pules setaceous; pedicels axillary, solitary or several together, mostly shorter
than the petioles ; carpels 5, birostrate.— Mf^ j:. .' f. 2. p. 43 ; Pttrsh, f. 2.
p. 452 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 161 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 460 ; Darlingt. ! fl. Cest. p. 397.

Sandy fields and road-sides, New-Jersey ! to Florida ! and Avest to Arkan-
sas! Jiily-Aug.— (p Stem 12-18 inches high, branching from near the
base. Leaves 1-li inch long, obtuse or cordate at the base : petiole 6-8 lines
long. Peduncles nearly solitary, but often appearing clustered from the short
axillary flowering branches. Calyx hemispherical. 5-angled ; segments broad-
ly ovate, acuminate. Petals obovate, yellow. Carpels easily separating
when ripe, strongly reticulated on the sides. Seeds dark purplish-brown,
glabrous.

2. S. fasciculata: stems somewhat hairy ; leaves linear, denticulate-ser-
rate above, cordate at the base, those at the summit of the stem crowded ;
flowers sessile, terminal ; carpels 5-7, scarcely rostrate, strongly reticulated
and muricate.

Texas, Drummond! — 2^ ? Stems about a span high, branching from the
base. Leaves f of an inch long and a line wide, mostly with a few serratures
towards the apex, nearly glabrous above, strllately hirsute beneath : petiole
about \ the length of the lamina. Calyx hemispherical; segments ovate,
acute. Corolla not seen. Carpels short and broad, strongly roughened with
projecting points. — This species greatly resembles a Sida figured in St. Hi-
laire's Fl. Bras.

2. S. Elliottii: stem slender, nearly glabrous; leaves linear or linear-ob-
long, denticulate-serrate, rather obtuse but not cordate at the base, nearly gla-

232 MALVACE.^. Sida.

brous; petiole one-fifth the length of the lamina; stipules setaceous; pedun-
cles axillary, 1-flowered, usually longer than the petiole; sometimes several
at the summit of the branches; carpels 9-10, smoothish, slightly bimucro-
nate. — S. gracilis, Ell. sk. 2. p. 159, not of Fichard.

Sandy soils ; South Carolina, Eiiioit ; Georgia, Dr. Boyhin ! Florida,
Crooni ! Dr. Chapman ! May-Aug. — U Stem 2-4 feet high, with spread-
ing branches. Leaves l-2i inches long, variable in breadth, often quite hn-
ear and 1-2 lines wide, sometimes 3-4 lines in breadth, serrate the whole
length, with a few scattering hairs on both surfaces. Flowers an inch or
more in diameter. Segments of the calyx broad, acuminate. Petals emar-
ginate, orange-yellow. Styles united above the middle ; stigmas capitellate.
Carpels united in a depressed spherical head. — Much resembles S. angusli-
folia, but that species has 5 bicusj)idate carpels.

4. S. glabra (Nutt.) : glabrous ; leaves linear-oblong and lanceolate, in-
cisely and unequally serrate, on short petioles ; flowers axillar\', aggregated ;
carpels about 10, bidentate. Nutt. in jour. acad. Philad. ".p. 90.

li. '? stem sutfruticose, minutely pubescent ; leaves rhombic-oblong ; pedi-
cels shorter than the petioles.

y.1 Stem herbaceous, tall; leaves rhombic-oblong; pedicels longer than
the petioles.

East Florida, Mr. T. R. Peale. P. Key West, Rev. A. Bennett !
y. Tampa Bay, Florida, Dr. Burrows!— 'Stem scarcely more than a span
high. Leaves about an inch long. Stipules setaceous. Flowers small and
yellow, at length so aggregated as to crowd the branches. Calyx very wide,
angularly plaited; segments acuminate. Nutt. — 0. Stem branching from
the base, 8-12 inches long. Leaves about li inch long and | of an inch
wide. — y. Stem 2 feet or more in height. Leaves 2-4 inches long, and 1-1 i
inch wide : petiole about 3 lines long, with a tumid articulation near the
lamina. Peduncles 2-3 times as long as the petiole. FloAvers yellow, nearly
an inch in diameter : petals broadly cuneate, emarginate. Stigmas capitel-
late. Carpels 10, bimucronate.

5. S. hispida (Pursh) : hispid ; leaves lanceolate, serrate; peduncles soli-
tary, axillary, as long as the petioles; exterior calyx ifiliform. Pnrsli.jl. 2. p.
452 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 160.

Sandy soils, Georgia, Lijon (ex Pursh) ; South Carolina, Elliott. July-
Aug. — I1 1 Stem 12-lR inches high, branching, stellately tomentose rather
than hispid. Leaves somewhat rhomboidal, a little hairy on both surfaces:
petioles 1-2 lines long. Stipules subulate, hairy, longer than the peduncles
or petioles. Flowers on small axillary branches, so crowded and so nearly
sessile that they appear fascicled. Calyx angular, hairy. Petals yelloAv, a
little longer than the calyx. Fruit not seen. — There is no exterior calyx,
but the stipules are very often found adhering to the calyx, as if connected
with it. Elliott. — We have not seen this species.

* * Peduncles elongated : leaves ovate, oblong or linear.

6. S.filicaidis: stems very slender, hispid ; leaves ovate-oblong, cordate
at the base, serrate ; petiole as long as the lamina; flowers axillary, solitary ;
carpels 5, 2-beaked.

Texas, Drum.m.ond!—^1 Stem 2 feet long, clothed with spreading
hairs. Leaves 5-7 lines long, 1^-2^ lines wide, rather obtuse. Stipules
minute, setaceous. Peduncles nearly an inch long, very slender, articulated
near the flower. Calyx hemispherical; segments broad, acuminate. Car-
pels pubescent, with 2 short rather erect horns.

7. S. rhomhifolia (Linn.): minutely pubescent; leaves rhombic-oblong,
toothed-serrate, cuneate and entire at the basp; petioles short, with a slightly
spinose tubercle at the base ; peduncles much longer than the petioles ; sti-

SiDA. MALVACE^. 233

pules setaceous; carpels 10-12, with 2 subuluic liorns. — Michx. ! jl.2. p.
43 ; Pitrsfi, fl. 2. p. 452; Kll. sk. 2. p. 1(51 ; JJC. prodr. 1. p. 4(32.

Sandy soils, South Carolina {Elliott) and GtorjTia ! to Florida! May-
July — If Stem 1-2 feet high. Leaves 1-2 inches long, rather obtuse :
petioles 2-3 lines long. Peduncles mostly axillary, much longer than the
petioles, and sometimes longer than the leaves, articulated about half an inch
below the flower. Calyx angular ; segments very broad, with a short acu-
minatiou. Petals obovate, yellow, 4-5 lines long.

♦ ♦ ♦ Leaves cordate, not lobed.

8. (Sf. Hulseana : stem hi<5pidly pilose ; leaves orbicular-ovate, abruptly
acuminate, tomentose beneath with a whitish velvety pubescence, roughish-
tomentose above, crenate-dentate; peduncles axillary in the upper leaves,
several-flowered ; styles about 12.

Tampa Bay, Florida, Dr. Hulse ! — Leaves 3 inches or more in diameter ;
the sinus deep and closed. Flowers an inch and a half in diameter, pur-
pUsh: pedicels very short. Petals broadly obovate. — We have not seen the
capsules of this species. It may belong to the genus Abutilon.

9. iS. ? obliqua (Nutt. mss.) : leaves reniform-cordate, very obliqne at the
base, rounded at the summit, scabrous-tomentose, strongly reticulately veined
beneath, crenulatc-dentate; peduncles axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, recurved
after flowering ; bracteoles 2, setaceous ; petals oblong, stellately hairy ex-
ternally ; carpels 7, pointless.

On the Wallawallah River, Nuttall! — li Stem low, clothed with a
roughish stellate pubescence. Leaves 1-li inch wide, the width exceeding
the length : petioles nearly as long as the lamina. Flowers as large as in
Malva rotundifolia. Peduncles rather shorter than the leaves. Calyx cleft
below the middle, with 2 short deciduous bracteoles at the base. Styles
united below: stigmas capitellate. Carpels pubescent, rather acute, but not
horned. — Mr. Nuttall considered this plant a Malva; but finding the seeds
to have the radicle superior, we refer it to Sida, notwithstanding the bracteo-
late calyx.

10. S. Californica (Nutt. ! mss.) : velvety-tomentose ; leaves orbicular-
cordate, laciniately toothed (scarcely lobed); the radical and lower cauhne
ones on very long petioles ; flowers in a terminal raceme : stamineal column
short, double ; the exterior 5-lobed, antheriferous at the summit ; styles about
7 ; stigmas long, simple.

St. Barbara, Upper California, Nuttall! — If About 15 inches high.
Leaves li inch in diameter; the uppermost slightly 5-lobed. Stipules subu-
late, small. Raceme naked : flowers on short pedicels, about 1^ inch in di-
ameter. Calyx cleft below the middle ; segments ovate-lanceolate. Petals
purple, cuneate-obovate, somewhat emarginate. Stamineal column ^ the
length of the petals. Capsules not seen.

* * * * Leaves palmalely lobed or many-cleft.

11. <S. Napcea (Cav.): leaves palmately 5-lobed, nearly glabrous; the
lobes oblong, acuminate, toothed; peduncles many-flowered; carpels llf,
acuminate. DC— Cav. diss. 5. p. 277. t. 132./ 1; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 453;
DC. prodr. 1. p. 466. Napgea laevis, Limi. ; Lam. ill. t. 579./ 1.

Shady rocky places, Pennsylvania (Midilenherg) to Virginia, Pursh.
(v. V. in hort.) Julv. — l(. Stem 2-4 feet high glabrous. Leaves 4-5
inches in diameter, minutely pubescent, but not scabrous ; lobes unequally
and coarsely toothed, the middle one longest. Peduncles axillary in the
uppermost leaves and at the summit of the branches, 2-4 flowered. Seg-
ments of the calyx roundish-ovate. Petals obovate, white, twice as long as

30

234 MALVACEAE. Sida.

the calyx. Carpels nearly glabrous. — We have seen no native specimens of
this plant ; but it is not uncommon in gardens.

12. S.dioica (Cav.) : leaves palmately 7-lobed, scabrous; lobes lanceo-
late, incisely toothed; peduncles many-Howered, bracteate, somewhat corym-
bose; flowers dioecious ; carpels 10, pointless. DC. — Cav. diss. 5. p. 278. t.
132. /. 2 ; Pursh.Jl. 2. p. 453 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 465. Napaa dioica & sea-
bra, Linn.

In Virginia, Linnceus: Pennsylvania, Muhlenberg. — H Leaves 7-9
lobed. Flowers crowded into heads ; the fertile ones with abortive stamens.
Carpels 8-10, in a depressed roundish head. IVilld. — We have never seen
this species.

13. S. alccBoides (Michx.) : erect, herbaceous ; lower leaves triangular-
cordate, incised ; upper ones palmately many-cleft ; corymb terminal ; calyx
hispid. Mich.r. ! Jl. 2. p. 44 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 474.

Barren oak-lands, Tennessee and Kentucky, Michaux ! — Peduncles 3-6-
flowered. Flowers about 1^ inch in diameter. — This species has, as Mi-
chaux remarks, the habit of Malva Alcea or M. moschata. The fruit is
unknown.

14. S. malvcejiora (DC.) : radical leaves roundish, 9-lobed, truncate at
the base; those of the stem 5-parted; segments linear, somewhat toothed;
petioles of the lower leaves hispid; raceme terminal; segments of the calyx
lanceolate, with a long acumination, carpels 7, pointless. — DC. prodr. 1. p.
474 ; Lindl. hot. reg. t. 1036 ; Hook.Ji. Bar.- Am. 1. p. 108.

Plains of the Wahlamet and Umptqua Rivers, and on the N. W. Coast ! —
Stem 1-2 feet high. Leaves 3-4 inches in diameter, hirsute ; the lobes of
the uppermost ones nearly or quite entire. Racemes many-flowered : pedi-
cels at first shorter, at length longer, than the subulate bracts. Segments of
the calyx twice as long as broad. Petals purplish. Stamineal column some-
what double ; the filaments at the summit of the exterior one approximated
in pairs. Styles free at the summit : stigmas simple. Carpels oblong, acute,
but not mucronate.

15. S. Oregana (Nutt. ! mss.) : stem nearly glabrous ; radical leaves
7-lobed, the lobes incisely 3-toothed ; those of the stem palmately 7-parted ;
the segments 3-lobed and incised, linear-lanceolate; segments of the calyx
broadly ovate ; raceme terminal ; styles 8.

West side of the Rocky Mountains, Nuttall! — About 18 inches high.
Radical leaves on very long petioles ; cauhne ones parted nearly to the base ;
the segments acute. Flowers numerous in a long raceme, nearly an inch in
diameter, reddish-purple. Calyx about one-fourth the length of the corolla.
Filaments of the stamineal column in a double series near the summit : outer
series 5-lobed; each lobe composed of six united filaments. Styles uncon-
nected the greater part of their length, hairy on the inner surface : stigmas
simple. Fruit not seen. — Nearly allied to the preceding ; but differs in the
more divided leaves, smaller flowers, shorter and broader lobes of the calyx,
&c,

16. iS. diploscypha : hispid with spreading hairs; stem prostrate; leaves
digitately 5-parted ; segments narrowly 2-3-lobed ; petiole twice as long as
the lamina ; flowers aggregated at the summit of the branches ; bracts 3,
long, filiform, at the base of the pedicels; calyx deeply 5-parted ; stamineal
column cyathiform, double ; the exterior deeply 5-lobed, the lobes antherife-
rous at the summit ; styles 7-9.

California, Douglas .' — Upper part of the stem retrorsely hirsute. Leaves
1-2 inches in diameter, stellately pubescent. Flowering branches longer
than the leaves, bearing at the summit 6-10 flowers as large as those ot
Malva sylvestris. Pedicels 2-4 lines long, with villous bracteoles at the

Hibiscus. MALVACEiE. 235

base about J of an inch in Icnijtli. Segments of the calyx lanceolate, atten-
uated, with an oblong colored spot on the inside of each, near the base.
Petals broadly cuneiform, slightly emarginate, cream-color tinged with
purple. Stamineal column less than half the length of the petals : outer one
hispid externally, lobed below the middle; the anthers in a single row, about
5 at the summit of each of the lubes: inner one irregularly lobed, rather
shorter than the outer, and connate with it a little above the base. Styles
plumose, included : stigmas simple. Fruit not seen. — A remarkable species
resembling some Bombaceai in its stamineal column.

17. S. delphinifolia (ISiun.l mss.) : hispidly hirsute; leaves all pedately
7-parted ; segments divided into linear rather obtuse lobes ; flowers in a
long leafy raceme ; lobes of the calvx lanceolate ; styles 7.

St. Barbara, Upper California, Nullall !— 11 Stem 8-12 inches high.
Leaves about H inch in diameter, divided nearly to the base into narrow
segments. Flowers about an inch in diameter. Petals obovate-cuneiform,
purple, slightly emarginate. Styles hairy on the inside: stigmas simple.
Fruit not seen.

18. .S. coccinea (DC.) : stellately pubescent and hoary ; leaves on long
petioles, deeply 3-partcd ; lateral segments 2-parted, the intermediate one
3-cleft ; racemes terminal, leafy; styles 12. — J)C. prodr. 1. p. 465; Hook.!
Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 108. Malva coccinea, Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 81; Bot. mag.
t. 1673; Torr. ! in ann. lye. New -York, 2. p. 171. Cristaria coccinea,
Pursh,Ji.2. p. 453.

Plains of the Upper Missouri, above the confluence of the Platte, Nuttall,
James! Plains of the Saskatchawan, Drummond! — 1i About a span
high, branching. Leaves 1-li inch in diameter; the lobes often obtuse,
broadly linear. Raceme many-flowered : pedicels about 2 lines long. Flow-
ers an inch in diameter, scarlet. Petals truncate and emarginate. Stamineal
column half the length of the corolla. Stigmas capitellate. " Carpels about
6, compactly and circularly arranged." Hook. — The calyx is certainly not
involucellate in this species ; but we have not had an opportunity of ascer-
taining whether the seeds are like those of Sida.

19. (S. dissecta (Nutt.! mss.): stellately pubescent and hoary; leaves
5-parted to the base; lateral segments 3-cleu, the middle one multifid; ulti-
mate divisions narrowly linear ; racemes terminal, leafy ; styles 11.

Sources of the Platte near the Rocky Mountains, Nuttall ! — 11 Princi-
pal stem about 6 inches high, with a dense tuft of branches at the base.
Leaves about ^ of an inch in diameter ; the divisions scarcely a Une wide.
Flowers numerous, scarlet : pedicels 1-2 lines long. Petals broadly obovate-
cuneate, emarginate. Stigmas capitellate. Fruit not seen. — Very near the
preceding; but smaller, the leaves much more divided, and with narrower
segments.

S. crispa (Linn.) is recorded by some writers as a native of Carolina; but we
strongly doubt whether it has been found native within the limits of our Flora.

10. HIBISCUS. Li7in. ; Lam. ill. t. 584 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 446.

Calyx 5-cleft, or 5-toothed, surrounded by a many- or sometimes few-
leaved involucel ; the leaflets of which are usually distinct, but sometiihes
more or less united. Petals not auricled on one side. Stigmas 5. Ovary
5-celled ; the cells with 3 or many ovules. Carpels 5, united into a 5-celled
loculicidal capsule ; margin of the valves not introflexed j the cells several-
(rarely, by abortion one-) seeded.

236 MALVACEAE. Hibiscus.

§ 1. Cells of the capsule 1-seeded. — Pentaspermum, DC.

1. //. Virs^iyiicus (Linn.): scabrous-lomentose ; leaves cordate-ovate, acu-
minate, unequally serrate-toothed ; upper ones undivided, lower ones 3-lobed ;
pedicels longer than the petioles ; Howers in paniculate racemes, nodding ;
column declined.— " /acf/. ic. rar. 1. t. 142;" Michx.! fl. 2. p. 46; Ell. sk.
2. p. 168; DC.prodr. \.p. Ul. H. clypeatus, Walt. Cur. p. 177.

Borders of marshes, particularly near salt water, Long Island ! to Florida !
and west to New Orleans! — 11 Stem 2-4 feet high. Leaves 2-2i inches
long, li inch wide, those about the middle of the stem more or less 3-lobed.
Flowers more than 2 inches in diameter: peduncles 1-2 inches long. Invo-
lucel of 8-9 subulate leaves. Petals rose-color, obovate-cuneate, hirsute ex-
ternally on one side. Column very slender, shorter than the corolla, anthe-
riferous above the middle. Capsule hispid, the angles very acute. Seeds
glabrous : radicle inferior.

§ 2. Cells of the capsule many-seeded : seeds glabrous : involucel 4-6-
leaved : caly.v sj}athaceous, 5-toothed, split on one side. — Manihot, DC-

2. H. Manihot (hinn.): stem and petioles not prickly: leaves palmately
divided ; lobes 5-7, linear, acuminate, coarsely toothed ; peduncles hispid ;
declined ; leaves of the involucel ovate or lanceolate, persistent, entire ; cap-
sule very hirsute, acuminate. — Mich.v. ! fl. 2. p. 45 ; Piirsh, ff. 2. p. 457 ;
DC. prodr. 1. p. 448.

Banks of the Mississippi, Michau.v ! Drummond ! Introduced? — If
Leaves parted nearly to the base ; the lobes often a foot in length, toothed
toward the summit. Flowers 6 inches or more in diameter, sulphur-yellow,

f)urple in the centre. Petals roundish, abruptly narrowed at the base. Invo-
ucel somewhat hispid. Calyx split on one side the whole length, with 5
short teeth at the summit. Column about one-third the length of the corolla,
antheriferous nearly the whole length.

§ 3, Cells of the capsule many-seeded : seeds glabrous : leaves of the in-
volucel distinct, divaricately forked, or with a large tooth or other ap-
pendage: calyx not inflated. — Furcaria, DC.

3. H. aculeatus (Walt.): very scabrous ; lower leaves palmately 3-5-lobed ;
the lobes obovate, repand-toothed ; flowers axillary at the upper part of the
branches ; peduncles short; calyx very hispid; leaves of the involucel linear,
bidentate, with a leafy appendage on the back above the middle. — Walt. Car.
p. 177. H. scaber, Mich.v. ! fl. 2. p. 45 ; Pursh,fl. 2. p. 457 ; Ell. sk. 2. p.
169 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 449.

Damp soils, usually near salt water, South Carolina, Georgia! Florida!
and Alabama! June-Sept. — li Stem 4-7 feet high, and, as well as the
petioles and peduncles, rough with minute stellate recurved prickles. Low-
est leaves (according to Walter) cordate and angular ; upper ones deep-
ly 3-lobed, the lateral lobes 2-cleft, rough with stellate rigid hairs, inter-
spersed with minute prickles : petioles mostly longer than the lamina. Pe-
duncles 2-3 lines long. Flowers as large as in Althaea rosea, sulphur-yellow,
with a deep purple centre, often drying greenish. Leaves of the involucel
10-12, incurved ; minutely 2- (sometimes 3-) dentate at the summit ; appen-
dage oblong, spreading. Sepals acutely triangular, the strong middle and
marginal ribs armed with almost prickly hairs. Capsule ovate, hairy. — The
name of Walter, although perhaps not so strikingly appropriate as that of
Michaux, is necessarily restored.

Hibiscus. MALVACE^^. 237

§ 4. Cells of the capsule viany -s ceded : seeds glabrous, or uilh a villous
dorsal line : leaves of the involucel 8-15, distinct, entire. — Abelmos-
chus, DC.

4. H. CoUinsiana (Nutt. mss.) : lowest leaves obtusely 5-lobed ; upper
ones pedately 5-parted ; the lobes linear-oblanceolate, acuminate, coarsely
toothed ; petiole as long as the lamina ; tlowers on short pedudcles; leaves
of the involucel 10-12; calyx spathaceous, 5-toothed, cleft on one side.

West Florida, Mr. Ware (fide Nutt.); Tampa Bay, Dr. Burroxcs ! —
Leaves 6-8 inches in diameter, sparsely hirsute; lowest ones angularly
5-lobed : upper ones parted nearly to the base ; the 3 middle lobes about 6
inches in length and about an inch wide, often incisely toothed, acuminate ;
lateral lobes much shorter: petioles hispid. Peduncles about J of an
inch long, and as well as the involucel and calyx hispid. Corolla as large as
in H. esculentus, yellow? (green in dried specimens.) Capsule not seen. —
Nearly allied to H. esculentus; but differs in its deeply divided leaves. Mr.
Nuttall informs us that he has seen the same species from Surinam.

5. H. Moscheutos (Linn.) : leaves ovate, acuminate, serrate, often 3-lobed,
■whitish-tomentose beneath, somewhat scabrous-pubescent above ; peduncles
(1-flowered) and petioles often united. — Cav. diss. 3. t. 65. f 1^2; Mich.r. !

fl. 2. p. 47 ; Bot. mag. t. 882 ; Pur.'ih.,fl. 2. p. 455; Ell. sk. 2. p. 165; DC.
prodr. \.p. 450; Hook.jl. Bor.-Am. I. p. 107. H. palustris, Liiin. ^ most
of the preceding authors.

Borders of marshes, particularly near the salt water, Canada ! and
throughout the United States! Aug.-Sept. — It Stem 3-5-feet high, mi-
nutely tomentose. Leaves about 5 inches long and 3 wide, rather obtuse at
the base, with a long acumination, often with 3 short abruptly acuminate
lobes, velvety-tomcntose beneath. Peduncles axillary, 2 inches long, articu-
lated a little below the flower, often coalescing with the petiole to a conside-
rable distance above the base. Flowers as large as in the common Holly-
hock, rose-color, or sometimes nearly white, crimson at the centre. Petals
obovate, retuse. Stamineal column ^ the length of the petals. Styles ex-
serted. Capsule as large as in H. Syriacus. — From numerous observations,
we are convinced that H. Moscheutos and H. palustris are not distinct spe-
cies. It is not uncommon to find the peduncles and petioles both distinct
and united on the same specimen.

6. H. incanus (Wendl.) : leaves ovate, acuminate, obtusely serrate, whi-
tish, velvety on both surfaces ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, often confluent
with the petiole at the base. — '• Wendl. hart. Herr. 4. t. 24 ;" Willd. sp. 3.
p. 807 ; Puri^h.fl. 2. p. 455 ; DC. prodr. l.p. 451.

CaroUna, Willdenow ; Middle Florida, Dr. Chapman! Croom! Red
River, Louisiana, Dr. Hale ! — 2+ Stem tall, minutely tomentose. Leaves
often more or less cordate, not lobed, 4-6 inches long. Peduncles about as
long as the petioles, jointed near the middle. Flowers very large "sulphur-
yellow" ( ITt/W. and so they are in our dried specimens), purpUsh at the
centre. — Near the preceding species, but quite distinct.

7. H. Carolinianus (^Muhl.) : leaves cordate, ovate, acuminate, glabrous
on both surfaces, sometmies slightly 3-lobed ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered ;
seeds hispid. FAl.—Muhl. cat. p. 651; Ell. sk. 2. p. 168.

Wilmington Island, Georgia, Elliott. — Stem 4-6 feet high, glabrous.
Leaves large (sometimes 6 inches long), obscurely 3-lobed when old ; veins
prominent on the under surface : petioles as long as the leaves. Peduncles
2-3 inches long, slightly adhering to the petiole. Involucel 12-leaved. Ca-
lyx somewhat scabrous. Petals purple, 4 inches long, glabrous outside,
pubescent within. Capsule nearly globose, hairy on the inside. Seeds

238 MALVACE^. Hibiscus.

hispid with short rigid hair. Elliott. — A rare species, first described by-
Mr. Elliott, who raised it from seeds collected on Wilmington Island.

8. //. militaris (Cav.): glabrous; leaves hastately 3-lobed, acuminate,

serrate ; corolla tubular-campanulate ; capsule ovate, acuminate, glabrous ;
seeds silky.— rV/i'. diss. 6. p. 352. t. 198,/ 2 ; Willd. sp. 3. p. 808 ; Pur.sh,
ft. 2. p. 456; Ell. sk. 2. p. 168 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 451 ; Bot. mag. t. 2385.
H. hastatus, Mich.v. ! ft. 2. p. 45. H. riparius, Pers. syn. 2. p. 254. H.
Virginicus, Walt. Car. p. 187. " H. laevis. Scop. del. insuh. 3. t. 27."

Banks of rivers, Pennsylvania, (Pwrs/i, Muhlenberg) to Georgia! Ohio
and Mississippi, ilfic/ifl2i.r .' July-Aug. — li Stem 3-4 feet high. Leaves
3-5 inches long, somewhat cordate, conspicuously lobed at the base in a
hastate manner. Peduncles shorter than the petiole, jointed above the mid-
dle. Leaves of the involucel 12-14, linear-subulate, incurved. Corolla pale
rose-color, with a deeper centre, about 2i inches long, hairy on the outside
toward the base.

9. H. coccineus {MVdXt.): glabrous; leaves palmately 5-parted ; segments
linear-lanceolate, acuminate, distantly serrate; calyx deeply 5-parted; corolla
expanding; capside glabrous, ovate, acute; seeds pubescent. — Walt. Car.
p. 111. H. speciosus, Ait. Kexc. 2. p. 456 ; Mich.x. ! fl. 2. p. 47 ; Bot. mag.
t. 360 ; Pii,rsh,ft. 2. p. 456 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 170 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 451.

Damp soils, Georgia! Florida! July-Sept. — 11 Stem 4-7 feet high.
Leaves divided to the base; segments 5-8 inches long, tapering to a long
narrow point. Peduncles articulated near the summit. Leaves of the invo-
lucel 12-15. Segments of the calyx lanceolate, with a long tapering point.
Corolla bright scarlet : petals obovate, 4-5 inches long. Column as long as
the petals. — We restore the prior name of Walter.

10. H. grandifiorus (Michx.) : leaves coriaceous, cordate, 3-lobed, to-
mentose on both surfaces, hoary beneath; corolla expanding ; capsule torn en-
tose, somewhat truncated. Mich.v..' fl. 2. p. 46; Pursh,fl. 2. p. 455; Ell.
sk. 2. p. 167; DC. prodr. 1. p. 451.

Around ponds, Georgia to Florida, and west to the Mississippi, Michau.r !
July-Sept. — 14. Stem 5-7 feet high. Leaves very large, velvety like those
of Marsh Mallows. Peduncles axillary. Petals flesh-color, red at the
base, 5-6 inches long.

H. pallidus of Rafinesque, is merely H. Trionum, which is frequently found about
habitations; but is hardly naturalized.

Order XXXIX. TILIACE.E. Juss.

Sepals 4-5, deciduous : sestivation valvate. Petals 4-5, hypogy-
nous, rarely wanting. Stamens usually indefinite, distinct, hypogy-
nous : anthers 2-celIed, fixed by the middle, opening longitudinally.
Torus often with 4 or 5 glands at the base of the petals. Ovary of
2-10 united carpels : styles united : stigmas as many as the carpels.
Fruit a 2-5-celled capsule with several seeds in each cell, or coria-
ceous or drupaceous, sometimes by abortion 1-celled and 1-2-seeded.
Seeds anatropous. Embryo in the axis of fleshy albumen : cotyledons
flat and foliaceous, sometimes bent upon the radicle, — Trees or shrubs,

TiMA. TlLIACEiE. 230

very seldom herbs. Leaves alternate, with deciduous stipules. Flow-
ers axillary.

1. CORCHORUS. Linn.; Lam. ill. l. 478.

Sepals 4-5. Petals 4-5, rather shorter than the sepals, inserted under the
ovary. Stamens indefinite, or rarely the number of the petals. Style very
short, deciduous : stigmas 2-5. Capsule pod-like or roundish, 2-5-celled, lo-
culicidal, with no central axis. Seeds usually numerous in each cell. —
Shrubs or nearly herbaceous plants. Leaves undivided, serrate. Peduncles
axillary or opposite the leaves, very short, 1-few-flowered. Flowers yellow.

1. C. siliquosus (Linn.) : branching ; leaves ovate or lanceolate, acute,
equally serrate ; capsules pod-shaped, linear, 2-valved, nearly glabrous. —
Plum. ic. t. 103. / 1 ; JVilld. sp. 2. p. 1218 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 504.

New Orleans, /?/•. /;?o-a//s .' Drummond! Alabama, 7>r. G^aie*/ Also
a native of the West Indies, &c. — Nearly herbaceous, glabrous or somewhat
pubescent. Sepals and petals commonly 4. Stamens 14. The vernal flow-
ers, according to Linnaeus, have 4 sepals and 4 stamens j the autumnal 5
sepals and numerous stamens.

2. TILIA. Linn.; Vent. mon. Til.; DC. prodr. 1. p. 512.

Sepals 5. Petals 5. Stamens numerous, more or less pentadelphous ; the
central one in each parcel (in the North American species) transformed into
a petaloid scale (nectary, Linn, staminodium, Spach.) Ovary globose, vil-
lous, 5-ceEed; the cells with 2 ovules. Fruit coriaceous or woody, subglobose,
by abortion 1-celledj 1-2-seeded. — Trees, with cordate leaves and a tough
fibrous bark. Flowers cymose, with the peduncle adnate to a large foliace-
ous bract. — Linden or Lime-tree. Basswood.

1. T. Americana (Linn.) : leaves obliquely cordate, or truncate at the
base, somewhat coriaceous, glabrous, abruptly acuminate ; petals obtuse or
truncate, crenate at the apex. — JVilld. sp. 2. p. 1261 ; Michx. f. sylv. 2. p.
233. t. 131 ; Bigel. Ji. Host. p. 214. T. glabra, " Vent. I. c. t. 1. f. 1; »
Pursh, fl. 2. p. 62; Ell. sk. 2. p. 2; DC. prodr. 1. p. 513; Hook. fl.
Bor.-Ain. 1. p. 108 ; Darlingt. fl. Cest. 1. p. 312. T. Canadensis, MicKx.
fl. 2. p. 306.

Woods, Canada ! (lat. 52^) to Virginia, and along the Alleghany Moun-
tains to Georgia. June. — A large and beautiful tree, often 60-70 feet high
and 2-4 feet in diameter; the wood soft and white. Leaves 3-4 inches wide,
coarsely and mucronately serrate : petioles 2 inches long. Peduncle 4-6
inches long, adnate the lower half of its length to a linear-oblong yellowish-
green strongly-veined bract. Cymes compound, 12-18-flowered, pendulous.
Flowers about half an inch in diameter. Sepals triangular-lanceolate, pube-
scent outside, woolly within. Petals longer than the sepals, yellowish-white.
Staminodia obovate-lanceolate, exactly resembling the petals, but smaller.
Style sometimes longer, sometimes shorter than the petals, hairy toward the
base. Fruit the size of a large pea, nearly globose, covered with a short
gray pubescence, usually perfecting but one seed.

2. T. heterophijlla (Vent.) : leaves glabrous and deep green above, very
white and velvety-tomentose beneath, the veins dark-colored and nearly gla-
brous, with coarse mucronate serratures ; petals obtuse, crenulate ; stamino-

\

240 TILIACE^. Tilia.

dia spatulate, entire ; style hairy at the base. — " Vent. I.e. p. 16. t. 15?;
Pursh, fl. 2. p. 63 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 513.

Banks of the Ohio and Mississippi, Pursh ; near Macon, Georgia, Dr.
Loomis! — Leaves 4-8 inches in diameter, very oblique and naore or less cor-
date, with a short abrupt acumination, someAvhat shining above ; the veins
on the under surlace veryconspicuousin contrast with the white pubescence.
Cyme few-flowered, loose. Style longer than the petals.

3. T. alba (Michx.) : leaves glabrous above, whitish-pubescent beneath ;
the veins pale ; serratures mucronately acuminate ; petals emarginate ; sta-
minodia spatulate, entire ; style nearly glabrous at the base.— Mc/i^./ sylv.
2.p. 237. t. 132. T. laxiflora, Pursh, Jl. 2. p. 363 ? (not of Michx. fi.)

Woods, particularly along rivers, Pennsylvania to Maryland, and in the
Western States, Michau.v., f. Santee River, South Carolina, Dr. Godine!
—Leaves 3-4 inches in diameter with a short abrupt acumination, cordate,
somewhat unequal at the base ; the under surface rather thinly pubescent,
very pale, but scarcely white. Staminodia | the length of the petals. Fila-
ments slightly pentadelphous.

4. T. puhescens (Ait.): leaves of nearly the same color on both surfaces,
nearly gkbrous above, pubescent beneath ; serratures slightly mucronate ; pe-
tals crenulate at the summit ; style hairy at the base.—" Vent. I. c. p. 10. t.
3" ; Michx. f. sylv. 2. p. 239. t. 133 ; Pursh, fi. 2. p. 363 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 3.
T. laxiflora, Mich.T. fl. 2. p. 306 ?

0. leptophylla (Vent.) : leaves very thin and papyraceous. Vent. I. c. ;
Pursh, I. c.

Fertile soils, along the sea-coast of Carolina, to Florida'. Mich an x, f.
Elliott, Baldwin! Kentucky, 5fAoH .' Texas, Drummond .' June.— A large
tree. Leaves 3-4 inches in diameter, the under surface when young rather
paler than the upper, but at length of nearly the same color ; serratures broad
and short. — There is great uncertainty respecting the synonymy of the last
three species, owing to the imperfect manner in which they are described by
most preceding authors. Indeed nearly aU the characters which have been
employed for distinguishing them are either inconstant or are common to
them all. A careful examination of the flowers in the living plants may af-
ford more certain marks of discrimination.

Order XL. MELIACE^. Juss.

Sepals 3-5, distinct or more or less united, imbricated in aestivation.
Petals hypogynous, as many as, and longer than the sepals, alter-
nate with them, often connivent or cohering at the base with each
other or with the stamen-tube: sestivation valvate or imbricated.
Stamens usually twice the number of the petals : filaments united into
a tube, inserted outside the hypogynous often discoid torus : anthers
sessile within the orifice of the tube. Ovary with usually the same
number of cells as petals, each cell containing 1-2 ovules : styles and
stigmas commonly united into one. Fruit drupaceous, baccate, or
capsular, with as many cells as stigmas, or by abortion l-celled ;
when dehiscent, loculicidal. Seeds mostly anatropous, sometimes aril-
led, never winged or flat : albumen thin and fleshy, or none. — Trees or
shrubs. Leaves alternate, without stipules, simple or compound.

SwiETENiA. CEDRELACEvE. 241

1. MELIA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 372.

Calyx small: sepals 5, united below. Petals oblong, spreading. Rtamcn-
tube 10-ck'ft at the apex, with 10 anthers in the throat ; the segments 2-3-
parted. Ovary seated on a short disk, 5-celled, with 2 ovules iu each cell,
one above the other. Style columnar, breaking off from the top of the ova-
ry : stigma 5-lobed. Drupe ovate, with a 5-celled bony nut ; cells 1-seeded.
Embryo enclosed within a thin fleshy albumen : cotyledons foliaceous. —
Trees, with bipinnate leaves : leaflets toothed. Flowers in axillary panicles.

1. M. Az edar ach {L.\nn.) : leaves deciduous ; leaflets about 5 together,
glabrous, obliquely ovate-lanceolate, acuminate ; petals (lilac) nearly gla-
brous.-—La???. /. c; Cav. diss. 7. p. 363, t. 207; Ell. sk. 1. p. 475; Ad.
Juss. Meliac. in mem. vius. 19. t. 13 ; Audubon, birds of Amer. t. 62.

Naturalized in the Southern States ! Introduced from Asia. April.--
Trunk 20-40 feet high, often 3 feet in diameter. Leaves deciduous late in
autumn. — Bark of the root anthelmintic and somewhat narcotic. Ell. — Dr.
James found this tree on the Canadian, where he thinks it to be a native. —
Pride-of- India.

Order XLT. CEDRELACEiE. R. Br.

Sepals 4-5, distinct or united. Petals as many as the sepals and
alternate with them, distinct, sometimes unguiculate : sBstivation twist,
ed or convolute. Stamens twice the number of the petals ; those op.
posite the petals shorter and sometimes sterile or deficient : filaments
either broad and flat and united into a tube, or subulate and distinct,
inserted with the petals on the hypogynous disk : anthers introrse, at
length versatile. Ovary with as many cells as petals (rarely with few-
er), supported or surrounded by the discoid torus, with several ovules
in each cell : styles and stigmas united into one ; the latter usually
broad and discoid, 3-5.angled or lobed. Fruit a woody 8-5-celIed,
3-5-valved capsule, with septicidal dehiscence ; the valves separating
from the dissepiments, which remain attached to the thick axis. Seeds
anatropous, many or ^gw in each cell, imbricated in 2 rows near the
inner angle, flat and winged, not arilled : albumen thin and fleshy or
none. Embryo with large foliaceous cotyledons, and a very small ra-
dicle.— Trees, with very hard and durable, usually fragrant and resin-
ous wood. Leaves alternate, pinnate, exstipulate. Flowers in termi-
nal panicles, perfect, or diclinous by the abortion of the anthers or
ovary.

1. SWIETENIA. Linn.; Ad. Juss. in. mem. mus. 19. y. 249, t. 11.

Calyx short, obtusely 5-cleft. Petals 5, reflexed. Filaments 10, united
into a subcarapanulate 10-toothed tube : anthers included in the tube, alter-
nate with the teeth, attached by the middle, apiculate. Style short: stigma

^1

242 VITACE^. ViTrs.

discoid, 5-radiate. Ovary ovoid, surrounded at the base by an annular disk,
5-celled, vi^itli about 12 ovules in each cell. Capsule ovoid, 5-celled, dehis-
cing from the base upward, with 5 septifragal valves ; the very thick and
woody sarcocarp at length separable from the endocarp; the axis large, per-
sistent, 5-angled above, 5-winged below with the dissepiments. Seeds sus-
pended from the summit of the axis, about 12 in each cell, imbricated in two
rows, rather flat ; the thickened and spongy integument expanded above into
an oblong wing, which is traversed by the filiform funiculus. Embryo trans-
verse : radicle very short, looking towards the side of the cell : cotyledons
conferruminate and confounded with the fleshy albumen. — A large tree,
with reddish-brown wood. Leaves abruptly pinnate : leaflets small, some-
what inequilateral. Panicles axillary or somewhat terminal, loosely-flower-
ed. Ad. Juss. — Mahogany.

S. Mahogoni (Linn.)— Car. diss. 7. p. 365, t. 209; Catesh. Car. t. 81 ;
DC. prodr. 1. p. 624; Ad. Juss. I. c. Cedrus Mahogonij Mill.

The Mahogany is mentioned in Muhlenberg's catatogue as a doubtful na-
tive of Florida. We have seen, in the herbarium of the late Mr. Croom, a
capsule from a collection made in Southern Florida by the late Dr. Leitner,
who considered the tree to which it belonged to be the true Mahogony. —
The figure of Gsertner (fruct. 2. t. 96.) difl'ers in several points from S. Ma-
hogoni, as is noticed by Ad. Jussieu, and probably represents some other plant.

Order XLIL VITACE^. Juss.

Ampelideae, Rich. ; Kunth, <^c.

Calyx minute, nearly entire, or 5-toothed. Petals 4-5, inserted
upon the outside of an annular disk, inflexed and valvate in sestivation,
distinct, or cohering above and calyptriform, caducous. Stamens as
many as the petals and opposite them, inserted on the surface of the
disk : filaments distinct or slightly cohering at the base, or attached
to the outside of a S-lobed urceolus : anthers ovate, versatile. Ovary
2.celled, with 2 erect collateral ovules in each cell : style short or
none : stigma simple. Fruit a globose mostly pulpy berry, often by
abortion 1-celled, 1-few-seeded. Seeds anatropous, erect, with a
hard testa. Embryo much shorter than the horny or fleshy albumen :
radicle slender : cotyledons lanceolate or subulate. — Usually climbing
shrubs. Leaves simple or compound ; the lower ones opposite ; the
upper alternate, opposite the racemes or thyrsoid panicles, which are
sometimes changed into tendrils. Flowers greenish and inconspicu-
ous, occasionally polygamous.

1. VITIS. Linn. ; Goirtn.fr. t. 106 ; W. ^ Am. prodr. Ind. Or. 1. p. 124.

Vitis & Cissus, Linn. cf-c.

Calyx nearly entire. Petals 4-5, distinct and spreading, or united at the
apex, but distinct at the base, and falling ofl'like a calyptra. Torus elevated

ViTis. VITAOE^. 243

in the centre, and surrounding the lower part of the ovary, with wluoh it is
incorporated, girt at the base by a short ring (expansion of the torus) upon
which the stamens are inserted. Ovary partly enclosed within the torus,
2- (or occasionally 3-) celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. Berry 1-2- (or oc-
casionally 3-) celled, 1-4-seeded. Peduncles usually changed, in whole or
in part, into tendrils. Am.

§ 1. Petals 4 (rarely 5), usually distinct at the apex : stamens 4 {rarely 5) :
style usually as long as the ovary : stigma minute. Peduncles either
wholly poriferous or changed into tendrils. — Cissus, Linn.

1. V. bipinnafa: leaves bipinnate, glabrous ; leaflets incisely serrate ; flow-
ers pentandrous ; berry 2-celled ; cells l-2-9eeded. — V. arborea, IVilld. sp.
1. /). 1183. Ampelopsis bipinnata, Mich.T.! f. \. p. 160; DC. prodr. 1.
p. 633. Cissus stans, Pers. syn. 1. p. 143; Pursh, Ji. 1. p. 170. C. bipin-
nata. Ell. sk.l. p. 304 ; Nntt. gen. 1. p. 144.

Damp rich soils, near rivers, Virginia ! to Georgia ! west to Arkansas !
June-July. — Stem upright or somewhat twining, glabrous. Lower leaves
sometimes decompound: leaflets an inch long, ovate or rhombic-ovate, some-
times cordate; the veins beneath pubescent and slightly connected at their
axils by a ciliate membrane. Panicle short, spreading, and apparently twice
bifid, without tendrils. Petals greenish-white, expanding. Torus somewhat
turbinate, adhering to the lower half of the ovary. Style conical. Berry
globose, depressed, as large as a small pea, blackish Avhen ripe, slightly hairy,
one of the cells usually 2-seeded, the other one-seeded. Seeds with 2 deep
depressions on one side.

2. V. incisa (Nutt. mss.) : leaves trifoliolate, thick and somewhat fleshy ;
leaflets incisely toothed or lobed, cuneate at the base ; flowers tetrandrous
and tetrapetalous ; berry globose-obovate, 1-celled, 1-seeded.

Prairies and copses, Texas and Arkansas, Dr. Leavenworth! Arkansas,
Nuttall ! July — A vine, climbing by numerous tendrils to the height of 4-5
feet : stem woody, and as wcU as the branches, warty. Petioles about an
inch long. Leaves pale green and very glabrous on both surfaces ; the low-
est ones 3-lobed or cordate at the base ; upper ones trifoliolate : leaflets 1-2
inches long, sometimes 2-3-lobed. Panicle somewhat corymbed, or com-
poundly umbellate. Calyx 4-toolhed. Petals pale green, connected. Torus
hemispherical; the border obscurely toothed. Style conspicuous, rather slen-
der. Berry the size of a small pea, black, shining. Seed with 2 deep pits
at the base, so that when it is cut transversely the albumen appears to be 2-
ceJled. — The leaves, leaflets, and flowers are so deciduous that it is almost
impossible to dry the plant so as to prevent its falling to pieces.

3. V. indirisa (Willd.) : leaves simple, cordate or truncate at the base,
somewhat 3-lobed, pubescent on the nerves beneath ; flowers pentandrous
and pentapetalous ; berry 1-celled, 1-2-S'eeded. — Willd. baum. 538, e.rDC.
prodr. 1. p. 633. Ampelopsis cordata, 7V7/V^.r. .' ^. I. p. 159; DC. I. c.
Cissus Ampelopsis, Pers. syn. 1. p. 142; Pursh, Ji. 1. p. 170; Ell. sk. 1.
p. 305.

Swamps, Southern States! west to Louisiana! and Arkansas! June. —
Stem long, climbing, glabrous. — Leaves 3-4 inches broad, coarsely serrate ;
the points of the serratures glandular. Panicles apparently twice or thrice
bifid, with spreading branches, without tendrils. Calyx very obscurely tooth-
ed. Ovary surrounded with a cup-shaped torus, somewhat globose ; ovules
2. Style tapering : stigma smaU. Berry a little larger than a pepper-corn,
seldom perfectmg more than a single seed.

S44 YITACKM. Vitis.

§ 2. Petals 5, mostly united at the apex : stamens 5 : style short, conical:
stigma dilated. Peduncles sometimes partly changed into tendrils :
Jlowers in the North American species polygamous. — Vitis, Linn.

4. V. Labrusca (Linn.) : leaves broadly cordate, somewhat lobed and
angular, repandiy toothed, whitish-tomentose beneath, with somewhat ferru-
ginous veins ; fertile racemes oblong, compact, rather few-flowered ; berries
large.— Mtc/i.f. / fl. 2. p. 230; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 169; Torr.! f. 1. p. 264;
Ell. sk. 2. p. 689"; DC.prodr. 1. p. 634; Darlingt. fi. Cest. p. 150; Hook.

fl. Hor.'Am. 1. /x 115.

Woods and thickets, Canada ! to Georgia ; west to Arkansas ! and Texas !
June. — Stem very long, straggling over bushes, or climbing the highest trees ;
the branches clothed with a ferruginous pubescence. Leaves 4-6 inches or
more in diameter, often distinctly 3-lobed, short, mucronate, densely toraen-
tose beneath ; the tomentum usually whitish or gray, but sometimes tawny,
particularly on the veins ; teeth short, mucronate. Racemes somewhat com-
pound ; the branches short and umbeUed. Petals yellowish-green. Berries
6-7 lines in diameter, globose, usually very dark purple when ripe, but some-
times amber-color, or greenish-white, of a strong musky flavor, and fdled
with a tough pulp. — Fox-Grape of the Northern States. Several esteem-
ed varieties are known in the gardens; such as the Isabella, Schuylkill or
Ale.vander^s, the Catawba, and Bland'' s Grape, which have doubtless been
produced from the seeds of this species.

5. V. cestivalis (Michx.) : leaves broadly cordate, often 3-5-Iobed or sin-
uately palmate, coarsely and unequally toothed, sparsely ferruginous-tomen-
tose beneath ; fertile racemes long, compound ; berries small. Darlingt. —
Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 230 ; Pu.rsh, fi. 1. p. 169 ; Torr.! fl. 1. p. 265 ; Ell. sk.
2. p. 688; DC. prodr. 1. p. 634 ; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 151. V. vinifera
Americana, Marsh, arbust. p. 165. V. intermedia, Mtihl. cat. p. 26. V.
palmata, Vahl. ?

Woods and banks of rivers, Connecticut! to Florida! west to Arkansas!
June. — Stem very long. Leaves 4-7 inches wide, often deeply lobed, with
the sinuses rounded, the lower surface, particularly in the young state, cloth-
ed with a reddish cobweb-like pubescence, when old somewhat glabrous.
Sterile racemes usually large and much compound, frequently bearing one or
more tendrils from the base. Petals cohering at the summit. Berries 3-4
lines in diameter, deep blue, of a pleasant flavor, ripe in October. — Summer
Grape.

3. V. cordiflilia (Michx.) : leaves cordate, acuminate, somewhat equally
toothed, glabrous on both sides; racemes loose, many-flowered; berries
«mall.— Mf/i.r. .' fl. 2. p. 231 ; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 169; DC. prodr. 1. p. 364.
V. vulpina, Torr:! fl. 1. p. 264 (not of Willd.) ; Hook. I. c.

Thickets along rivers, Canada! to Florida! Avest to Arkansas! June. —
Stem 10-20 feet long. Leaves thin, 3-6 inches in diameter, often slightly 3-
lobed, and rarely sinuate, pubescent on the veins when young, glabrous when
old ; the teeth broad and mucronate. Berries nearly black when mature,
about \ of an inch in diameter, ripening late in autumn, acerb, but tolerably
well flavored after having been touched by frost. — Winter Grape. Frost
Grape.

4. V. riparia (Michx.) : leaves unequally and incisely toothed, somewhat
3-lobed ; the petioles, veins, and margins pubescent ; racemes loose, fruit
sm-dW.— Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 231; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 169 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 635.
V. odoratissima, Donn.

Thickets along rivers, Canada ! to Virginia! Western States ! Arkansas!
— Stem loag. Leaves 4-6 inches in diameter, thin ; teeth very coarse, with

Ampelopsis. VITACE.E. 245

a lonsi acuniination. Borry 3-4 lines in diameter, dark purple or amber-color
when mature. — Wintei- (j'rape.

5. V. vulpina (Linn.) : branches minutely verrucose ; leaves cordate, lurid
on both surfaces, somewhat 3-lobed, coarsely toothed, the teeth not acumi-
nate ; racemes composed of numerous capitate umbels ; berries lar<,n'.—
Willd. sp. 1. p. 1181 ; Walt. Car. p. 243. V. rotundifolia, Mich.v.! Jl. 2.
p. 231 ; Pursh, fl. 1. /). 169 ; /;//. .s-A". 2. p. C->S1; DC. prodr. 1. p. 635.

Banks of rivers, Virs^inia ! to Florida!— Stem often very lon<i, climbm^
the highest trees; the Imk smooth. Leaves 2-3 inches in diameter; the
lower Surface more shining than the upper; sinus deep, but rather acute.
" Fruit 7-S lines in diameter, covered with a coriaceous inteuumc nt, the fla-
vor not unpleasant." EtUott.— Fox-Grape oi \.\m Southern States; also call-
ed Bidlcl- or Bull-Grupe. It appears to be the original V. vul])ina of Lm-
naeus.

2. AMPELOPSIS. Michx. fl. 1. p. 159.

Calyx entire. Petals 5, distinct, spreading. Torus without a ring. Ova-
ry 2-cclled ; with 2 ovules in each cell : style very short, conical. Berry 2-
celled ; the cells 1-2-seeded.— A shrubby vine. Leaves digitately 5-foliolate.
Flowers perfect, in spreading corymbose panicles,

A. qninquefoHa (Michx. 1. c.)—Hook. f. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 114. A. hede-
racea, DC. prodr. 1. p. 633; Darlingt. fl. Ce.st. p. 153. Vitis quinquefo-
lia. Lam. V. hederacea, Willd. sp. I. p. 1182. Hcdera quinqiiefolia, Linn.
Cissus hederacea, Pers.syn. l.p. 143; Pursh,fl. I. p. 170; Torr.! fl. I. p.
266 ; Ell. sk. 1. p. 305.

p.hirsuta: leaves pubescent on both sides; leaflets ovate. — A hirsuta,
Donn.; DC. prodr. 1. p. 633. Cissus hederacea &. hirsuta, Pnr.s-h, I. c.

Borders of woods, and along fences, Canada ! to Georgia, and Western
States. i3. Alleghany Mountains, Pursh.— Stem climbing to a great height
and spreading extensively, attaching itself to trees and walls by expansions
of the extremities of the tendrils. Leaves on long petioles : leatlets petiolu-
late, oblong, acuminate, coarsely serrate or toothed above the middle, gla-
brous. Panicle many-tlowered, consisting of about 3 primary branches,
Avhicharecompoundly divided; the ultimate divisions, somewhat umbellate.
Flowers small, yellowish-green. Calyx very slightly crenate. Petals at
first somewhat cohering, at length spreading. Berry about as large as a
small pea, dark blue ; the peduncles and pedicels bright crimson. Foliage
crimson in autumn. — Virginian Creeper. American Ivy.

Order XLIIL ACERACE.^. Jhss.

Sepals 5, or rarely 4-9. more or less united, colored : aestivation im-
bricated. Petals as niany as sepals and alternate with them, inserted
round an usually lobed hypogynous disk, sometimes none. Stamens in.
serted on the disk, usually 8 (sometimes 3-12), distinct : anthers in-
trorse or versatile. Ovary 2-lobed, composed of two united carpels,
each containing 2 collateral ovules : styles more or less combined,
stigmatose on the inside. Fruit composed of 2 indehiscent samaroid
carpels, finally separable from the filiform axis : the wing thickened

246 ACERACE^. • Acer.

at the lower margin. Seeds 1-2, erect, with little or no albumen.
P^mbryo curved, or nearly straight, with wrinkled foliaceous cotyle-
dons variously folded upon each other. — Trees or shrubs, with oppo-
site, palmately lobed or pinnately 3-5-foliolate, exstipulate leaves.
Flowers lateral or terminal, often by abortion polygamous or dicecious.

1. ACER. Manch; DC. prodr. 1. p. 593.

Flowers mostly polygamous. Petals colored like the sepals, often wanting.
Stamens 7-10, rarely 5. — Leaves simple. The sap of many species con-
tains sugar. — Maple.

* Flojvers in racemes lermiiiating the leafy branches, appearing ajter the erohdiort

oj the leaves.

1. A. Pennsylvanicum (Linn.): leaves subcordate, finely and acutely
doubly serrate, 3-lobed at the extremity ; lobes with a slender serrate acumi-
nation ; racemes nodding ; flowers large ; petals obovate ; fruit glabrous, with
larc^e diverging Avings. — Linn. sy.^t. 1. p. 675 ; Michx. ! Ji. 2. p. 252 ; EII.
sk°l. p. 45"! ; Torr.i Ji. 1. p. 397; Hook. ji. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 111. A. stria-
tum. Lam. diet. 2. p. 381; Michx. f. sylv. 1. t. 45 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 593 ;
Spach, in ann. sci. nat. (2. ser.) 2. p. 162. A. Canadense, Duham. arb.
1. 1. 12 ; Marsh, arbust. p. i.

Canada! (lat. 51- ) to the Alleghany Mountains in Georgia, and Kentucky !
abundant between lat. 43^-' and 45°. May. — A shrub or very small tree, with
a smooth green bark marked with stripes : the wood of no value. Flowers
yellowish-green. Leaves rarely somewhat 5-lobed, at length glabrous. —
Striped Maple. Moose-u-ood. Dog-xoood.

2. A. spicatum (Lam.) : leaves pubescent beneath, subcordate, coarsely
serrate 3- or somewhat 5-lobed ; lobes with an entire acumination ; racemes
erect slio^htly compound ; petals linear-spatulate ; fruit nearly glabrous, witli
slio-htly ^diverging wings. — Lam., diet. 2. p. 381 (1786); DC. jnodr. I. c;
Spach,l. c. A. montanum. Ait. Kew. 3. p. 435 (1789); Michx.! I. c. ;
Mich.r. f. sylv. L 47 ; Ell. sk. I. p. 4:52; Hook. I.e. A. Pennsylvanicum,
DuRoi, harbk. t. 2 ; Wang. Amer. t. 12. /. 30.

Cool rocky places ! with the same range as A. Pennsylvanicum : uncom-
mon south of lat. 41°. — May-June.— Shrub 6-10 feet high. Leaves shghtly
lobed, at length somewhat rugose. Flowers small, greenish. Raceme many-
flowered. Fruit often reddish. — Mountain Maple.

3. A. macrophylhim (Pursh) : leaves large, very deeply 5-lobed; lobes
oblong or sliglitly cuneiform, entire or sinuately 3-lobed, the margins some-
what "repand"'; racemes nodding; flowers rather large ; petals obovate ; fruit
hispid Avith elongated slighdv diverging glabrous wings. — Piirsh, f. 1. p.
267; DC. prodr. 1. p. 594; Hook. ! ji. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 112, t. 38.

Oregon ! common between lat. 40= and 50 ', along the alluvial banks of
rivers.'' April-May. — Trunk 40-90 feet high, 6-16 feet in circumference,
with widely spreading branches. Leaves [at length nearly glabrous] some-
times nearly a foot broad. Stamens 9—10 : filaments hairy below. Carpels
sometimes 3. Racemes elongated, the pedicels often aggregated (compound
below Pursh). Flowers yellow, fragrant. Sap as abundant as in any spe-
cies except A. saccharinum : the wood soft but beautifully veined. Douglas,
in Hook. " The wood is whitish, and resembles our curled maple." Autt.

^ jvci-^X-. /vCi

^t.) i^^ c^sujv ^t^' ^r^^'^--uiv

Acer. ACERACE^. 247

♦• Flowers in pedunculate umbel-like curijmbs, terminating the leafy branches, ap-
pearing ivilh the. leaves.

4. A. circinatum (Pursh): leaves cordate, 7-9-lobed, the nerves all radia-
ting directly from the apex of the petiole; lobes very acutely serrate, wiili a
slender acumination ; corymb few-flowered ; petals ovate or linear, shorter
than the calyx; fruit glabrous, with oblonij divaricate Avings. — Pvr.f/i, //.
1. p. 26(3; Hook. fl. Bur.-Ani. 1. p. 112,/. 39; Null. in jour. acad. Philad.
7. p. 1(5, excl. syn.

On the Great Rapids of the Oregon, Lev-is ex Pursh, Nnttall! and N.
W. Coast between lat. 43^ and 49^, Douglas, Scouhr ! " Confined, like
the preceding, to the woody mountainous country that skirts the shores, where
it forms almost impenetrable thickets; the pendulous and rrooked branches
often taking root." Douglas, \n Hook. April-May.— Trunk 20-40 feet higli;
bark smooth; wood tine, white, close-grained, susceptible of a good polish.
Douglas. ['' like that of the Red Maple, and presents a beautiful curled tex-
ture." Nuttall.\ Leaves as large as those of A. rubrum, with a woolly tuft
at the apex of the petiole ; the veins hairy, but in old leaves nearly glabrous ;
lobes oblong or ovate-lanceolate, very acute. Sepals purple. Petals nearly
white. Fruit with thin straight wings, which are so divaricate as to form
right angles with the peduncle; the lower margin scarcely thickened.

5. A. glabrum (Torr.): leaves nearly orbicular, truncate or subcordate at
the base, 3-5-lobed ; lobes short and broad, acutely incised and toothed ; flow-
ers ... ; fruit glabrous, the Avings very short and broad (somewhat
obovate), rather diverging. — To7~r. ! in ann. lye. Neiv-York, 2. p. 172.

In the Rocky Mountains about lat. 40^, Dr. James .'—A small shrub.
Leaves nearly similar to those of the common Currant in size and shape, gla-
brous, commonly 3-lobed, with very acute and narroAV sinuses which hardly
reach to the middle of the leaf; lobes broader than long, obtuse, often some-
what 2-3-lobed. Flowers not seen. Peduncles in fruit very short, 2-3-flow-
ered. Wings of the fruit about the size of those of A. campestre, or a httle
shorter, but broader in proportion and more obtuse.

6. A. tripartitum (Nutt. ! mss.) : "leaves with a subreniform -orbicular
circumscription, 3-cleft or 3-parted ; segments incisely toothed ; the middle
one cuneiform, often slightly lobed, the lateral ones somewhat rhomboid ; ra-
cemes corymbose; fruit glabrous, with very short and broad cuueate-oval di-
verging wings.

'•'On Bear-Ridge, Rocky Mountains, lat. 40°, near the line of Upper Cali-
fornia.— A shrub with whitish smooth branches. Leaves about the size of
those of the common Currant, usually 3-parted to the base, sometimes only
cleft half-way down ; the central segment broadly cuneiform, and, as Avell as
the lateral ones, slightly 3-lobed. Calyx about 8-parted ; segments oblong.
Fruit small, very similar to that of A. glabrum, to which it is nearly allied."
2Vi(/^— Notwithstanding the difference in the division of the leaves, we ap-
prehend that this and the preceding may prove to be forms of the same spe-
cies.

*** Flowers in nearly sessile umbel-like coryvibs, with very long filiform pedicels, ap-
pearing V-iith the leaves ; the fertile coryrnbs terminating the branches ; the infertile
from lateral leafless buds.

7. A. grandidentatum ("Nutt. ! mss.) : leaves slightly cordate or truncate
at the base, rather deeply 3-lobed, the sinuses broad and rounded ; lobes slight-
ly acute, with a few sinuous indentations ; corymb nearly sessile, few-flow-
ered ; the pedicels long and nodding ; fruit glabrous, with small diverging
wings." Nutt. — A. barbatura, Dougl. in Hook. I. c. ?

248 ACERACEiE. Acer.

" Rocky Mountains, on Bear River of Timpanagos. — A shrub or low tree,
with pale smooth branches. Leaves smaller than in A. saccharinum, gla-
brous and somewhat shining above, minutely pubescent especially on the
veins beneath ; lobes short, not in the least acuminate ; the middle one with
two blunt teeth oh each side; the lateral with a single large diverging den-
ture. Pedicels pubescent above. Fruit turgid, glabrous ; the wings less than
an inch long, semioval, slightly attenuated below, somewhat divergent." Nutt.
— To this species we refer with little hesitation A. barbatum, Dougl. (not
of Michx.), which was found in "Valleys near springs on the west side of
the Rocky Mountains, near the sources of the Columbia." We have not
seen the flowers, but there is little doubt that the inflorescence is the same as
in A. saccharinum.

8. A. saccharinum (Linn.) : leaves truncate and subcordate at the base
(whitish and minutely pubescent or glabrous beneath), 3-5-lobed, with
the sinuses obtuse ; lobes with a slender acumination, coarsely and spar-
ingly sinuate-toothed ; sepals bearded at the apex within ; petals none ; fruit
glabrous, on long nodding pedicels; the wings dilated above, suberect or
slightly diverging. — Wang. Amer. p. 36, ^.11; Michx.fi. 2. p. 252; Pursh,
fi.l. p. 266 ; Mich.v. f. sylv. 1. t. 42; Ell. sk. 1. p. 450; Ihrr. ! fi. 1. p.
397; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 113. A. saccharum. Marsh, arhust. p. 4.

/?. nigrum: leaves pale green beneath, the veins of the lower surface and
petioles minutely villous-pubescent ; wings of the fruit a little more diverg-
ing.— A. nigrum, Mich.T.f. sylv. 1. t. 43.

In rather dry woods, Canada! to the mountains of Georgia! west to Ar-
kansas ! and the Rocky Mountains. April-May. — Tree 50-80 feet high ;
the trunk sometimes 2-3 feet in diameter ; the wood compact and close-grain-
ed : the sap contains sugar. Leaves 3-5 inches in length, generally wider
than long, on slender petioles, green and slightly lucid above, whitish and at
first very pubescent, at length minutely pubescent or nearly glabrous, except
on the veins beneath ; lobes diverging, usually three principal ones with two
smaU entire ones at the base. Flowers pale greenish-yellow, on pendulous
villous pedicels. Wings of the fruit about an inch long, semi-obovate. — Su-
gar-Maple.— Two accidental forms of arrangement of the woody fibre, &c.
furnish the Curled-Maple and the Birds-eye- Maple of cabinet-makers.
We are unable clearly to distinguish the Black Sugar-Maple from the pre-
sent species.

♦*♦* Pedicels in fascicles, evolved from lateral aggregated leafless buds: flowers
f receding the leaves.

9. A. dasycarpum (Ehrh.) : leaves subcordate or often truncate at the
base (white beneath), deeply 5-lobed, with the sinuses rather obtuse ; lobes
acute, unequally incised and toothed, entire towards the base ; pedicels short
and thick; petals none ; fruit tomentose when young, nearly glabrous when
old, with very large upwardly dilated somewhat diverging wings. — " Ehrh.
heitr. 4. p. 24" ; ^Villd. sp. 4. p. 985; Nutt. ! gen. 1. p. 252 ; ^Ell. sk. 1. p.
449; Torr.! fl. 1. p. 396; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. \. p. 113. A. eriocarpum,
Mich.T. ! fi. 2. p. 253 ; Desf. in ann. mus. 7. t. 25 ; Michx. f. sylv. 1. 1. 40 ;
DC. prodr. 1. p. 595; Darlingt. fl. Cest. ed. 2. p. 245.

Banks of rivers, Maine and Vermont ! to the upper and middle parts of
Georgia ! west to Lake Michigan and Arkansas ; rare north of lat. 43^ ; most
abundant in the Western States. March-April. — Trunk low, 2 (in the
Western States sometimes 8-9) feet in diameter: wood white and soft, not
durable : sap less sweet than that of the Sugar-Maple. Leaves on long pe-
tioles, at first tomentose, finally glabrous, as broad as long ; the lobes often
somewhat 3-lobed. Pedicels in flower 2-3 lines, in fruit an inch, long. Flow-
ers small, pale yellowish-purple. Stamens 3-6. Ovary with no glands at the
base. W'ings of the fruit 2-3 inches long when mature, slightly falcate.

Negundo. ACERACE.Ii:. 249

Seeds larjre. Embryo nearly straight, radicle very short. — Uliite Maple.
Silver-leaved Miiplc. Soft Maple.

10. A. rubrum (Linn.) : leaves cordate (rarely truncate or rounded at the
base), whitish and at length mostly glabrous beneath, 3-5-lobod, Avith the si-
nuses acute; lobes acute or acuminate, doul^ly serrate or iiiciscly toothrd,
the terminal one longest; pedicels at length elongated; petals oblong or li-
near; fruit (and ovaries) glabrous, with small, at first arcuately converging,
at length sliglilly diverij.-nt wings.— vU/f/i jr..' Jl. 2. p. 253; ll'illd. I.e.;
Mir/i.r. f.sylv. \. ^ 41 ; Ell. sic 1. ;). 449; Catcsb. Car. 1. t. 62; Ilonk. I.
<'. ; Darlingt. I. c. A. ghucum. Marsh, arbiist. 1 A. Carohnianum, W'ult.
Car. p. 251 ? A. coccineum, Mich.v. f. sijlv. 1. p. 209. A. sanguineum,
Spach, I. c. p. 176.

IS. ? leaves smaller, 3-lobed, mostly truncate or rounded at the base, more
or less tomentose beneath; flowers greenish- yellow. — A. rubrum, var. Marsh.;
Darlins't. I. c.

In swamps and on the marshy borders of streams, Canada ! to Florida,
west to the sources of the Oregon (Douglas). /?. Ncav Jersey ! and Penn-
sylvania! to New Orleans! March- April— Tree sometimes 60-80 fee
high, occasionally 3-4 feet in diameter; the Avood close-grained; the fibres
often curled ; sap affording a little sugar: young branches red, clouded with
white. Leaves longer than broad, moderately 3-lobed, the lateral lobes usu-
ally with 2 small ones at the base. Flowers small, bright purple or reddish,
on very short pedicels, which at length become filiform and pendulous. Sta-
mens 5-6: anthers red. Disk lol)ed, glandular. Wings of the fruit about
an inch in length, at first reddish. — Red Maple. Sivamp Maple. — The var.
0. of which we have only met with imperfect specimens, may possibly prove
to be a distinct species. Judging from specimens in the herbarium of the
late Prof. Barton, it is apparently tly? A. barbatum of Pursh. The leaves
often scarcely exceed an inch and a half iu length.

+ Doubtful species.

11. A. barbatum (Michx.) : leaves with 3 short lobes, serrate ; peduncles
of the staminate flowers branching, of the pistillate simple; calyx of the sta-
minate flowers densely bearded within ; wings of the fruit erect. Michx. ft.
2. p. 252.

Carolina, Michaux. Flowers pale green, sometimes all staminate, some-
times with perfect flowers intermixed. Mich.v. — This species, of which it is
remarkable that the younger Michaux makes no mention whatever, either in
his general observations or catalogue of North American Maples, has been
identified by no succeeding botanist except Pursh, who adds " In deep pine
and cedar swamps. New- Jersey to Carolina; April-May. A small tree:
leaves small." But Pursh's plant seems to be our /?. of A. rubrum ; at least
specimens of A. rubrum, without fruit or flowers, exist in herb. Barton label-
led, apparently by Pursh, A. barbatum. The flowers and inflorescence of
this plant, however, do not at aU agree with Michaux's character. We sus-
pect, indeed, that the description of A. barbatum, Michx. was draAvn up, at
least as to the flowers and fruit, from specimens of A. saccharinum ; the only
species, so far as we are aware, which has the sepals bearded inside.

2. NEGUNDO. Moench ; Nutt. gen. 1. p. 253 ; DC. I. c.

Negundium, Raf.

Flowers dioecious. Petals none. Pedicels of the staminate flowers capil-
lary, fascicled, from lateral aggregated buds : fertile flowers in racemes.—

32

S50 HIPPOCASTANACE^. JEscvlvs,

Leares compound, pinnatcly 3-5-foliolate : leaflets petiolulatc. — Otherwise
same as Acer.

1. N. aceroides (Mosnch): leaflets 3-5, ovate or oval, acuminate, sparing-
ly and unequally tootlied above the middle, the upper ones sometimes con-
fluent ; fertile racemes elongated, pendulous ; fruit oblong, with large up-
wardly dilated arcuate wings. — Manch, meth. p. 334. N. fraxinifolium,
Nutt. f gen. 1. p. 253 ; nC. prodr. 1. p. 596; Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 114.
Acer Negundo, Linn.; Michv. ! fl. 2. p. 253; ^ Mich.x. f. sylv. 1. t. 46.

In low grounds,' Canada (lat. 54° ex Hook.) to N. Carolina ! & Arkansas!:
April. — Trunk 15-30 feet high, with a smooth yellowish-green bark. The
sap contains sugar in small quantity. Leaves slightly pubescent, varying^
from ovate to nearly lanceolate. FloAvers yellowish-green. Stamens most-
ly 5. Wings of the fruit broad and incurved at the apes. — Ash-leaved Ma-
ple. Box-Elder.

2. N. Calif or nicum. : young leaves villous, 3-foliolate; leaflets 3-lobed f
lobes incised or toothed. — N. Mexicanum, DC. I. c?

California, Douglas ! — Our specimens have neither fruit nor fall-growQ
leaves ; but they appear to belong to a very distinct species. The leaflets are
all lobed and incised ; the terminal one largest and broadly cuneiform at the
base. Flowers very much crowded : sepals unequal. — The N. Mexicanum is
so briefly characterised that it is impossible to determine the question of its;
identity with cur species.

Order XLIV. HIPPOCASTANACE^. DC.

Sepals 5, usually united into a campanulate or tubular 5-toothed ca-
lyx: aestivation imbricated. Petals 5, or 4 by the suppression of the
inferior one, commonly unequal and irregular, unguiculate, hypogy-
nous. Stamens 6-8, commonly 7, distinct, unequal, inserted upon the
hypogynous disk : anthers oval, versatile. Ovary roundish, composed
of 3 united carpels, 3-celled, with 2 collateral ovules in each cell %
style filiform, acute. Fruit subglobose, coriaceous, 3- (or frequently
by suppression 1-2-) celled, 2-3.valved, with loculicidal dehiscence.
Seeds solitary or very few, large, with a smooth or shining testa, and
a broad pale hilum, somewhat campulitropous, with no albumen. Co-
tyledons very thick and fleshy, gibbous, cohering, remaining under
ground in germination : radicle conical, curved : plumule large, 2-leav.
ed. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite (in Ungnodia alternate), ex-
stipulate, compound : leaflets serrate. Flowers showy : pedicels arti-
culated,

1. ^SCULUS. Linn.; Juss. gen. p. 251.

Hippocastanum, Touni. ,- Garin. — ^sculus & Pavia, ^oc;A. ; DC. — ^scalus,
Pavia, Macrothyrsus, <f Calothyrsus, Spack.

Sepals united into a 5-toothed campanulate or tubular calyx. Petals 4-5,
more or less unequal. Otherwise as in the character of the Order. — Leaves

^scDLUS. IIIPPOCASTANACE^. 251

palmatcly 5-7-fuliolatc : leaflets simply pinnatoly veined. Flowers in tenni-
nal tbyrsoid racemes or panicles. — Horse-Chestnut. Biu:kcyc.

§ 1. Fruit echinate. — iEscuLus, DC.

1. JE. srhibra ( Willd.) : stamens nearly twice the length of the (yellow-
ish-white) corolla ; petals 4, spreading, a little unegual ; the claws scarcely
the length of the canipanulate calyx; thyrsus racemose, loosely-flowered;
I^^af^ets 5, oval or oblong, acuminate, finely and unequally serrate, glabrous. —

iVilld.. p}ium. p. 405; Pursh^ fl. I. p. 255; DC. prodr. \. p. 597. M. pal-
lida, Willd. I. c. df-c. /E. cchinata, Muhl. cat. p. 38. M. Ohioensis, DC. I
c. ; Ifiddi-ll, .•??/Hop.s/.9, ;j. 34. Pavia Ohioensis, Mich.r. f. sylv. 2. p. 101, t
29. P. pallida & glabra, Spark, in ann. sci. nat. (ser. 2.) 2. p. 54.

Banks of rivers, &c. Western parts of Pennsylvania! and Virgmia:
Ohio ! Kentucky ! May-June. — A small tree with a rough bark, M'hich ex-
liales an unpleasant odor. Leaflets somewhat acute at the base, at first ses-
sile, at length more or less petiolulate, slightly pubescent along the veins
when young, usually a little bearded in the axils of the veins beneath.
Branches of the thyrsus short, 4-6-ilowered ; the flowers mostly unilateral,
small (not half the size of those of the common Ilorse-Chestnut). Petals
nearly equal in length, the hmb of the lateral ones roundish ; of the superior
ones oblong-spatulate, about twice as long as the claw. Stamens 7: fila-
ments curved. Fruit prickly, resembling that of the cultivated Horse-Chest-
nut (iE. Hippocastanum), but scarcely half the size. — Ohio Buckeye. Fetid
Bv^keye.

§ 2. Fruit unarmed. — Pavia, DC.

2. JE. parvijlora (Walt.): stamens capillary, thrice the length of the
(white) corolla ; petals 4, somewhat spreading, nearly similar, spalulate ; the
claws longer than the obconical calyx; thyrsus racemose, very long, the
branches about 3-flowercd ; leaflets 5-7, oval-obovate, acuminate, serrulate,
velvety -canescent beneath. — IValt. Car. p. 128. M. macrostachya, Michx,

f. 1. p. 220 ; Jacq. eclog. Am. l.t.9; Ell. sk. 1. p. 436 ; Bot. mag. t. 2118.
M. macrostachvs. Pe?\s. .^yn. 1. p. 403. Pavia macrostachya, DC. prodr.
1. p. 598. P. aiba, Pair. diet. 5. p. 95. P. edulis, Poit. arb. fr. t. 88. Ma-
crothyrsus discolor, Spach. I. c. ]). 61.

Near rivulets in the western part of S. Carolina! and Georgia! April-
May. — A small shrub, 2-4 feet high, sometimes with radical stolons. Leaf-
lets petiolulate. Flowers very numerous, in a long somewhat virgate thyr-
sus. Petals small, with long claws, spatulate ; the upper ones longest and a
little narrower. Stamens 6-7 : filaments capillary, glabrous, slightly curved-
— The fruit is said to be edible.

3. jE. Californica (Nutt. ! mss.) : " stamens longer than the (rose-color)
corolla; petals 4 [4-5, .S'y-»r/c/i], somewhat similar, slightly spreading ; th»
claws shorter than the campanulate-tubular somewhat unequally-toothed ca
lyx; thyrsus short and dense ; leaflets 5, ovate-lanceolate or ellipticak.blong,
acuminate, subcordate or rounded at the base, serrulate, glabrous, paler and
somewhat glaucous beneath." — Calothyrsus Californica, SpacJi, in ann. sci.
nat. (ser. 2.) p. 62.

California, Botta (ex Spach) : near streams in the vicinity of Monterey,
Nuttall! March. — A low spreading tree, glabrous except the petioles of the
leaflets and calyx, which are minutely canescent. Calyx wiJ,h 5 small some-
Avha'i unequ;d teeth, at length splitting down on the loAver side. Stamens
5-6 : filaments arcuate, glabrous. Ovary globose-ovate, pubescent, not echi-
nate.— The flowers are apparently a little smaller than those of the preceding
species.

252 HIPPOCASTANACEiE. ^sculcs.

4. M. Pavia (Linn.): stamens somewhat shorter, or a part of them a
little longer, than the (red) corolla; petals 4, connivent, very unequal; the
claws of the lateral ones about the length of the tubular calyx ; thyrsus loose,
the branches few-flowered ; leaflets 5, oblong-lanceolate, cuneate-oblong, or
oval, slightly acuminate, unequally serrulate, minutely pubescent, or nearly
glabrous except along the veins beneath. — Ait. Kew. 1. p. 494; Walt. Cur.
p. 128; Mich.T.! ft. 1. p. 219; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 254; Ell. sk. 1. p. 434;
Audubon, birds of Amer. t. 78. Pavia, Boerh. Lugd.-Bat. 2. t. 260; Du-
Tiam. arb. 2. t. 19. P. rubra, Lam. ill. t. 273 ; DC. I. c. P. Michauxn, &c.,

SpaCh, I. C. ^ n 1 • 1 1

0. discolor : branches of the thyrsus several- (4-10- ) flowered, with the
flowers somewhat unilateral; leaflets minutely tomentose beneath.— iE. dis-
color, Piirsh, I. c. ? ; Bot. reg. t. 310 ? M. hybrida, DC. hort. Monsp. 1813.
p. 75? Pavia hybrida, DC. prodr. I. c? P. discolor, Spach,^ I. c. 1

In fertile valleys ; mountains of Virginia ! to Georgia ! Louisiana ! and Ar-
kansas ! April-May. — A shrub 3-10 feet high ; near the mountains some-
times a small tree. Leaflets often somewhat doubly serrate, all except the
lateral ones usually attenuate at the base, at length petiolulate, smooth and a
little shining above. Branches of the thyrsus about 3-flowered : pedicels
slender. Flowers large. Calyx purplish', nearly glabrous, tubular-funnel-
shaped. Upper petals longest ;' the claw about thrice the length of the small
spatulate limb: hmb of the lateral petals roundish, about the length of the
claw, somewhat convolute. Stamens 6-8 : filaments filiform, nearly straight,
hairy beloAv, as also the claws of the petals, sometimes all a little shorter than
the lateral petals ; but a portion usually a little exceeding the upper petals.-—
Our p. discolor, of which we have specimens both from Georgia and Louisi-
ana is not improbably the M. discolor of Pursh. The inflorescence resem-
bles that of JE,. flava; but the flowers (apparently pale dull red, or purple)
are wholly those of M. Pavia.— According to Elliott, the bruised branches
or powdered seeds of this species are sometimes employed to stupify fish :
when the water of small ponds is impregnated, the fish rise to the surface al-
most lifeless, and may be taken with the hand. The root, according to the
same authority, is used as a substitute for soap in washing woollen clothes.—
Small Buckeye.

5. Ml. flava (Ait.): stamens shorter than the (light yelloAv) corolla; pe-
tals'4 connivent, very unequal ; the claws of the lateral ones exceeding the
campanulate calyx ; branches of the thyrsus 4-7-flowered ; the flowers most-
ly unilateral; leaflets 5-7. elliptical or cbovate-oblong, acuminate, serrulate,
more or less canescently pubescent beneath.— ^i^. Kew. 1. p. 494 ; H Hid.
Berl. baum. p. 13, f sp. 2. p. 286 ; Pursh, fl. 1. f. 255; Ell. sk. 1. p. 436.
M lutea Wang, in act. nat. scrut. Berol. S.t.6; Mich.r. ! fl. 1. p. 219;
Pers syn. 1. ii. 403. M. nedecta, Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1009? Pavia flava,
DC. I. c. P. lutea, Poir.; Michx. f. sylv. 2. jj. 98, t. 91 ; Duham. arb. 3.

t 38.

' Near large rivers (in rich soil), Western States! and along the AUeghany
Mountains^from Virginia and N. Carolina ! to Georgia. April-May.— Tree
30-80 feet high (in the Southern States sometimes only 4-6 feet high, ac-
cording to Elliott) ; the trunk often 3 or 4 feet in diameter. Petioles with a
pubesc'ent Une along the upper side. Leaflets glabrous above, except the
midrib and veins, Avhich are often clothed with a reddish-brown pubescence,
at first nearly sessile, at length petiolulate ; the lateral ones sometimes rather
obtuse, but the others attenuate, at the base. Peduncles, pedicels, and calyx
pubescent. Pedicels very short. Flowers as large as in M. Pavia. Petals
puberulent ; the claAvs villous within : upper ones a little exceeding the
others- the spatulate limb minute: lateral ones large, roundish, subcordate at
the base. Stamens usually 7 : filaments straight or somewhat arcuate, sub-
ulate villous. Ovary pubescent. Fruit 2 inches or more in diameter, about

Ungnodia. HIPPOCASTANACEiE. 253

2-scc(lod. Seeds larfjortlian in the common Horse-Chestnut. — Sirret Bnrk-
eye. Bii^ liuckfije. Mr. Riddell {!Sijiio})sin of li'istcrn jjIuiiIs, p. !M.) n(Jti<es
" a species of ^f^sculus, i,TO\ving near Cincinnati, Ohio, which resembles
JE. flava, but differs in the deep orange and yellow hue of its flowers, in its
glabrous irregularly serrate leaves, and more acute divisions of the calyx."

X Uncertain species, probably forms icJiich have originated in gardens.

G. ^-K. carnra (Willd.) : capsules ccliinatc ; stamens 7, longer than the 4-petalo(is
(deep pink) corolla ; antiiers glabrous ; leallels ovate-lauceoiate, acuminate, glabrous,
woolly in the axils ofthe veins btneath. Don. — " Willd. ex Ciuimp. S,- Ilaync , frcii nd.
kolz.t.22; Liiidl. /jot ng. t. 10')6. iE. rubicunda, Loisel. hcrb.amnl. l.'M>l ; DC.
prodr. 1. p. 597." Pavia carnea, Spuch, I. c; Don, in Brit.Jl. gard. {scr. 2.) I. 301.

North America 1 — A small tree.

7. .K. (suh Pavia) Watsoniana (Sp-dch) : capsules echinate ; flowers octandrous
(dark red) ; claws of the lateral petals a little shorter liian the calyx ; stamens some-
what shorter than the lateral petals ; the anthers pubescent along the margin ; leaf-
lets 5-8, sessile, lanceolate, acuminate, glabrovis. Spach, I. c. p. 53.

This species, according to Spach, is the JE. carnea, Watson, dendr. Brit. i. 121.
{JE. rubicunda, Lodd. bat. cab. t. r2-12.): the description seems to have been drawn
merely from Watson's figure.

8. ^'E. hu7niJ-is (Lodd.) : capsules unarmed ; stem decumbent; leaflets 5, lanceolate,
petiolulate, unequally serrate, jiubescent bencatli ; calyx cylindrical-fiinncl-shaped
and pubescent, as well as the corolla; stamens included, a little longer than the ca-
lyx ; flowers blood-colored, in loose racemes. G. Don, sub Pavia. — " Lodd. ; Lindl.
hot. rcg. t. 1018."

North America. — A shrub 2-3 feet hi^h.

sider the same species.

2. UNGNODIA. Endl. atakta botanica, p. .. t. .

We have not yet received the above-cited work of Endlicher, in the fifth fiisciculus
of which (according to Sir Wm. Hooker) this very remarkable genus is figured
and described. The plant was collected by the late Mr. Drummond in Texas, and
specimens were distributed witii his first Texan collection. It forms a large tree;
the leaves are alternate, and pinnately 5-foliolate : the flowers are small, in few-flow-
ered racemes, which appear to be axillary or clustered along the branches : the se-
pals are nearly distinct : petals 5 (rarely 6), similar, spreading, witli an obovate
slightly crenulate lamina, raised on a short and very thick woolly claw, which bears
at its summit a curious fimbriate crest: stamens 8-10, declined and much exserted,
a portion of them apparently somewliat coherent with a small unilateral appendage
orprojectiou of the torus, or with the base of the (effete 1) ovary. Fruit not seen.

Order XLV. SAPINDACEiE. Jiiss.

Flowers usually polygamous. Sepals 4-5, distinct or nearly so, im-
bricated in aestivation. Petals as many as the sepals and alternate
with them, or fewer by the abortion of one (sometimes entirely wanting),
inserted outside the hypogynous disk (or row of glands) which occupies
the bottom of the calyx ; the inside either naked or hairy, glandular
or furnished with a petaloid scale. Stamens 8 or 10, rarely fewer or
more numerous, inserted either on the disk, or between the glands and

254 SAPINDACE.E. Sapfndus.

the ovary : filaments distinct or very slightly united at the base : an-
thers introrse (the pistil of tlic staminate flowers either rudimentary
or entirely wanting). Ovary comppsed of 3 (rarely 2-5) united car-
pels : styles partly or completely united : ovules solitary in each cell,
erect or ascending ; sometimes 2, the upper one ascending, the lower
suspended ; rarely 3 or more. Fruit 2-3-ceiled, capsular, vesicular,
or samaroid, or frequently fleshy and indehiscent. Seeds 1-3 in each
cell, usually arilled, without albumen. Embryo rarely straight ; the
cotyledons usually incumbent on the radicle, or spirally convolute, some-
times combined into a thick mass. — Trees, or tendril-bearing shrubs
or herbs. Leaves alternate, usually compound and exstipulate, often
marked with pellucid lines or dots. Flowers small.

Tribe I. SAPINDE^. Camh.
Ovary with one ovule in each cell. Embryo curved, rarely straight.

1. CARDIOSPERMUM. Linn.; GcBrln. fr. t.l9.

Sepals 4 ; the two outer ones smallest. Petals 4 ; the two lateral ones usu-
ally adhering to the sepals, each with an emarginate scale above the base ;
the two lower ones remote from the stamens, their scales furnished with a
glandular crest at the extremity, and ending in an inflexed appendage beneath
the apex. Glands of the disk 2, round or linear, opposite the lower petals.
Stamens 8, the four nearest the glands shorter than the others. Style trifid,
stigraatose on the inside. Fruit a membranous bladdery capsule, composed
of 3 carpels united at the axis. Seeds globose, on a thick funiculus, which
is usually expanded at the base into a 2-lobed aril; the hilum broad and cor-
date.— Climbing herbs. Leaves 2-ternate. Peduncles axillary, racemose at
the apex; the lowest pair of pedicels changed into tendrils.

1. C. Halicac ahum (hinn.): annual, nearly glabrous ; leaflets ovate-lan-
ceolate, incisely lobed and toothed ; fruit large, roundish-pyriforni. — Lam. ill.
t. 317 ; Nutt. gen. 1. p. 251 ; Torr.! in ann. lye. Neii' -York., 2. p. 172.

On the Missouri and its branches, Dr. James ! Texas, Drummond !
Native. Cultivated occasionally, but hardly naturalized, in the Atlantic
States.

2. SAPINDUS. Linn.; Lam. ill. i. 307.

Sepals 4-5 ; two of them exterior. Petals as many as the sepals, or one of
them abortive, glandular or bearded within, or with a scale above the claw.
Disk fleshy, entire or crenulate-lobed. Stamens 8-10, inserted between the
margin of the disk and the ovary. Styles connivcnt or combined : stigmas
3. Fruit composed of 2-3 globose fleshy connate carpels, one or two of
which are usually abortive. Seed large, spherical, sohtary in each carpel ;
testa (endocarp, Kunth, Camh.) crustaceous: aril none.^ — Trees. Leaves
exstipulate, abruptly pinnate, or unequally pinnate by the abortion of one of

DoDON^EA. SAPINDACE^. 255

the ultimate pair of leaflets. Flowers racemose or paaiclcd. Berries sapo-
naceous.

1. S. mnrscinnlus (Willd.) : unarmed ; petioles windless, or slightly mar-
gined towards the summit; leaflets 9-18, very inequilateral and somewhat
falcate, ovate-lanceolate, with a slender acumination; flowers in dense vrry
compound terminal and axillary panicles. — Willd. e?n«??. p. 432 ; MuliL!
cat. p. 41 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 607. S. Saponaria, Lam. ill. t. 307 ; Mich.r. !
Jl. 1. p. 242; Pursh, /?. 1. ;;. 274; Nutt. > gen. 1. j>. 257 ; Ell. sic. 1. p.
460. S. inoequalis, fJC.l.c.l

Coast of Georgia and Florida (Tjoldwin! Nnttall!) to Arkansas, Nuil-
all ! Dr. Pitcher ! Dr. Ledvemrorl/i ! — Tree 10-40 feet hii;h,Avith smooth
branches. Leaves glabrous cr sli:;htly puliescent beneath : leaflets mostly
altiTuate, somewhat pctiolulate, ratlier shining and strongly veined above.
Panicles large. Flowers dioecious or polygamous. Fruit globose, as large
as a small bullet, of one carpel, with the rudiments of two abortive ones at
the base. — Huap-berry.

Trire II. DODONEACE^. Camb.

Ovary containing 2-3 (rarely more) ovules in each cell. Embryo
spirally convolute.

3. DODON.EA. Linn.; DC. prodr. 1. p. 616.

Sepals 4, deciduous. Petals none. Stamens 8 : filaments very short : an-
thers oblong or linear. Style filiform, distinct irom the wings of the capsule,
slightly 3-cleft at the apex. Capsule 2-8-valved, 2-3--v\inged. Seeds 2 in
each cell, subglobose. DC. — Shrubs, with simple oblong entire leaves.

1. D. viscosa (JJinn.): leaves viscous, obovate-oblong, cuneiform at the
base; flowers racemose; fruit 2-3-winged, longer than the pedicels. DC. — •
Plwn. e.d. Burm. t. 247; Sloane, hist. 2. t. 162; DC. I. c.

Near St. Augustine, Florida, Mr. Read (in herb. acad. Philad. !) Dr.
Hassler ! — We have only seen imperfect specimens of this plant.

Order XLVI. CELASTRACE^. R.'Br.

Sepals 4-5, united at the base, imbricated in aBstivation, usually
persistent. Petals as many as the sepals and alternate with them,
plane, inserted by a broad base under the margin of the disk : estiva-
tion imbricated. Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with
them, inserted on the margin or upper surface of the large flat and
fleshy disk which covers the bottom of the calyx : anthers introrse.
Ovary more or less immersed in and adhering to the disk, 2-5 (rarely
by abortion 1-) celled, with 1, 2, or several erect or ascending ovules
in each cell : styles and stigmas 2-5, distinct or combined into one.
Fruit free from the calyx, 2-5- (or by abortion 1-) celled, either drupa-
ceous, baccate, samaroid, membranaceous, or capsular with loculici-

256 CELASTRACE^. Staphylea.

dill dehiscence. Seeds anatropous, 1 or few in each cell, ascending or
erect, or by resupination suspended, often arillcd : albumen fleshy, often
very thin or wanting. Embryo straight, usually nearly as long as the
albumen : radicle short : cotyledons thick or foliaceous. — Slirubs, or
rarely trees, with alternate or opposite leaves. Flowers sometimes po-
lygamous or dioecious.

Cyrilla, Linn, and Cliftonla, Soland. in kerb. Banks and Gcprtn. (Mylocarium,
Willi!.) are i-eferred to this family by Lindley, we know not on wliat ground ; since
they liavc not a flat perigynous disk; their stamens are twice the nnmber of the pe-
tals, the latter are inserted by a narrow base ; their ovaries have a single suspended
ovule in each cell, and the embryo is cylindrical and slender. These two genera,
with Elliottia, J\luhl., form apparently a suborder of Ericacea3, perhaps even a
group of equal rank with Pyrolacese, &c., (which may receive the name Cyrille^,
from the oldest genus), distinguished from Ericacea; proper by the ovary seated upon
a short torus, with a single suspended ovule in each cell, by the texture of tiie peri-
carp, the flat or dilated filaments, with the cells of the anthers not separated or ap-
pendaged either at the apex or base, and opening longitudinally ; and by the polype-
talous corolla (the petals of Elliottia, although cohering at the base, are at length
separable), which is hardly met with in true Ericaceae, except in Cletbra, to which
Elliottia is somewhat related. Pickeringla, JVwW. (Cyrilla paniculata, Nutt. in Sill,
jour. 5. p. 290) is, as the acute botanist and zoologist to whom it was dedicated first
suspected, a species of Ardisia ; probably A. coriacea, Sicarlz, a West Indian plant.

Tribe I. STAPHYLEA^. DC.

Seeds not arilled, with a large truncate hilum ; the testa bony. Co-
tyledons thick. Disk urceolate, 5-angIed. Leaves opposite, unequally
pinnate, with (caducous) general, and sometimes partial stipules : leaf-
lets serrate. Flowers in terminal racemes or panicles.

1. STAPHYLEA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 210.

Flowers perfect. Sepals 5, oblong, erect, colored, persistent. Petals 5.
Stamens 5. Ovary of 3 carpels united at the axis : styles separate or sepa-
rable. Fruit a membranaceous and inflated 2-3-ceIled 2-3-lobed capsule.
Seeds globose, ascending, few, or by abortion solitary, in each cell : albumen
little or none. — Shrubs. Leaves 3-7-foUolate : leaflets involute in vernation.
Flowers white : the racemes sometimes panicled.

1. S.trif olia (h'mn.): leaves 3-foliolate, with caducous stipules; leaflets
ovate, acuminate, finely serrate, more or less pubescent when young ; styles
glabrous, connate above ; capsules inflated. — Mich.r.! Ji. 1. p. 184 ; Ell. sk.

1. p. 369 ; DQ. prodr. 2. p. 2 ; Torr. ! ji. 1. p. 325 ; Bxgel.fi. Bost. ed,

2. p. 121; Hook.fi. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 119. Staphylodendron, Toiirn. inst.
t. 3S6.

In moist places, Canada ! to S. Carolina, and west to Arkansas ! May. —
Shrub 6-12 feet high, with slender smooth dotted branches. Petioles pubes-
cent above. Partial stipules mostly none. Petals obovate-spatulate, ciliate
at the base. Stamens rather exserted : filaments hairy below : anthers cor-
date ; the lobes somewhat united at the tip. Capsule 2 inches long, the car-
pels (sometimes 4) distinct at the summit, tipped with the persistent styles,
and opening by the inner suture. Seeds smooth and polished, all but one
often abortive. — Bladder-nut.

EuoNYMOs. CELASTRACBiE. 257

TiuHK II. EUONYMExE. DC.

Celastracetc {iroper, Brovi^n. ; iJndl.

Seeds usually arilled. Cotyledons sometimes fotiaceous. — Leaves
simple, entire or serrate, witli minute deciduous stipules. Flowers in
terminal racemes or axillary cytiies.

2. CELASTRUS. Linn, (partly); Kunth, sijn, 4. p. 185.

Flowers by abortion somewhat dicecious or polygamous. Sepals 5, united
below into a very short turbinate calyx-tube. Petals 5, ovate or oblong, ses-
sile. Stamens rising from the margin of the orbicular fleshy disk. Ovary
3-celled, sessile on the disk : styles short, united, with a papillose 3-lobcd stig-
ma. Capsule subglobose, 2-3-celled, the dissepiments sometimes incomplete
or evanescent, loculicidal. Seeds erect, 1-2 in each cell, enclosed in a pulpy
aril. Embryo included in the thin albumen, nearly the length of the seed :
cotyledons broad and foliaceous. — Climbing unarmed shrubs. Leaves alter-
nate, of a rather thin texture. Stipules minute. Racemes terminal, some-
what compound : pedicels articulated. Flowers small, pale yellowish-green,

C. myrtifdlius, 7-///i?(. is doubtless a sppcies of Ilex : C.buMntis, H'/VW., founded
on a figure of Plukcnet, is a wholly doubtful plant, probably not American.

1. C. srniide.7is (Linn.) : leaves oval or someAvhat obovate, abruptly acu-
minate, with glandular or mucronulate incurved serratures, glabrous ; racemes
nearly simple; petals obovate-oblong. — Willd. sp. 1. p. 1125 (excl. syn.);
Mkhx. ! Jl. 1. p. 154; Gfzrtn. Jr. t. 95; DC. prodr. 2. p. 6.

Borders of woods & streams, Canada! to Virginia, and west to Mis-
souri ! June. — Capsule orange-color when mature ; the styles separating by
the dehiscence of the valves. Seeds reddish-brown, coated with a bright
orange, at length scarlet, aril. Bitter-sweet. Waxwork.

3. EUONYMUS. Tourn. insi. t. 38S; Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 131.

Sepals 4-5 (rarely 6), united at the base, forming a short flat calyx. Pe-
tals 4-5 (rarely 6). Stamens inserted on the upper surface of the broad and
flat disk: filaments short, the base persistent: anthers with a thick connecti-
vum at the back, opening transversely or longitudinally. Ovary immersed
in the disk, with as many 2-3-ovuled cells as petals: styles united, short and
thick : stigmas united into one, obtuse or lobed. Capsule 4-5-lobed, 4-5-cell-
ed, loculicidal. Seeds usually enclosed in a fleshy red or purple aril. Em-
bryo with broad foliaceous cotyledons : albumen fleshy and oily. — Shiubs
sometimes trailing or climbing by rootlets. Leaves opposite, serrate. Sti-
pules mostly none. Pedimcles axillary, 1-many-fiowered : inflorescence
cyraose.

1. E. atropurpnreus (Jacq.) : branches smooth; leaves (rather large)
oval or elliptical-oblong, acuminate, mostly acute at the base, finely serrate,
on distinct petioles, puberulent beneath; peduncles compressed, several-flow-
ered ; parts of the flower usually in fours; petals rouudish-obovatc; capsules

33

258 CELASTRACE^. Obeophila.

smooth, deeply lobed. — Jacq. hort. Vind. 2. t. 120 ; Wilkl. sp. 1. p. 1132 ;
Michx. ! fl. 1. p. 155; DC. prodr. 2. p. 4; EU. sk. 1. p. 293; Torr. I Ji.
1. p. 261. E. Caroliniensis & latifolius, Marsh. arhiLsi. p. 43.

B.7 leaves glabrous, often obtuse at the base; peduncles 2-3-flowered,
(" flowers pentandrous," Nutt.) — E. occidentalis, Niott. J 7nss. E. atropur-
pureus ? Hook. Ji. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 119.

In shady woods. Upper Canada ! to Florida ! west to Kentucky ! and
Missouri! p. Oregon, in dark woods, Douglas., Nutt all ! June- July. —
Shrub 4-12 feet high ; the branches slightly 4-sided. Leaves 2-5 inches
long. Petals dark purple. Capsule crimson when mature. Seeds nearly
white, invested with a bright red succulent aril. — Burning-bush. Spindle-
tree.

2. E. Americanus (Linn.): branches smooth, 4-sided; leaves varying
from elliptical-lanceolate to oval-obovate, on very short petioles ; rather ob-
scurely serrate, glabrous ; peduncles 1-3-flowered ; parts of the flower most-
ly in threes or fives; petals roundish-obovate ; capsules depressed-globose,
verrucose-echinate. — Willd. sp. I. c. ; Walt. Car. p. 102 ; Mich.r. ! I. c. ;
Duha.m. arb. 3. t 9; Ell. sk. 1. p. 292 ; DC. I. c. ; Hook. I. c. ; Darlingt.
fl. Cest. ed. 2. p. 150. E. sempervirens. Marsh, arbust. p. 43.

a. erect; leaves oval or elliptical-lanceolate, the uppermost often slightly
falcate, mostly acuminate, acute or obtuse (rarely subcordate) at the base.

/?. leaves narrowly eUiptical or oblong, slightly falcate, the margin minutely
serrate.

y. trailing and often rooting ; leaves ovate-lanceolate. — E. Americanus /?.
sarmentosus, Nutt. gen. 1. p. 154.

S. trailing and rooting ; leaves obovate or oval-obovate, obtuse or slightly
acuminate, acute at the base. — E. obovatus, Nutt. ! I. c. ; DC. I. c.

In moist woodlands, Canada ! to Florida ! and west to Missouri. May-
June. — Branches slender, green. Leaves 1-2 inches long, coriaceous, nearly
evergreen in the Southern States. Parts of the flower mostly in threes or
fives. Segments of the calyx very short and roundish. Petals greenish-yellow,
tinged with purple. Capsule deep crimson when mature, slightly angled,
densely muricate or warty ; the dissepiments and arU scarlet. Seeds smaller
than in the preceding, 1-3 in each cell. — Both species are very ornamental
in autumn when the fruit is ripe. — Straw-berry-tree. Burning-bush.

3. E. angustifolius (Pursh) : branches 4-sided ; leaves linear-elliptical
and elongated, subsessUe, rather falcate, almost entire ; peduncles mostly 1-
flowered ; sepals always five ; fruit verrucose-muricate. Pursh., JI. 1. p. 168.

In shady woods, Georgia, Lyo7i ex Pursh. — Specimens of this plant which
we have seen in the herbaria of Muhlenberg and Collins certainly appear
different from E. Americanus; but the characters of the leaves will probably
not be found constant, and there seems to be no other difference.

4. OREOPHILA. Nutt. mss.

Sepals 4, united below into a short turbinate calyx-tube, persistent. Petals
4, inserted under the edge of the disk, roundish, somewhat concave, spread-
ing. Stamens 4, alternate with the petals, inserted into the margin of the
broad and flat nearly entire disk, which covers the ovary and adheres to the
throat of the calyx-tube : filaments rather short: anthers roundish. Ovary
immersed in, but free from the calyx-tube, the summit coherent with the disk,
2-ceUed, with 2 erect collateral ovules in each cell : style very short : stigma
capitate, obscurely 2-lobed. " Fruit an oval, coriaceous, compressed, 2-ceLled,
2-seeded (or by abortion 1-seeded) capsule. Seed erect, rather large, with.

Creophila. CELASTRACEiE. 299

a lacerated membranous aril at its base." Nntt. — A low excessively branch-
ed evergreen shrub, with small crowded, mostly opposite, entire or remotely
serrulate leaves, and minute axillary subsolitary flowers.

O. myrtifulla (Nutt. ! mss.) — Ilex myrsinites, Pursh ! fi. 1. j). 119. My-
ginda myrtilblia, Nutt.! gen. 1. p. 109; DC. prodr. 2. p. 14; JIuok. Jl.
Jior.-Am. 1. p. 120, ^ 41. (opt.)

Subalpinc hills, N. W. Coast, Menzies ; and throughout the Rocky Moun-
tains, Lewis! Douglas, Nuttall I—^'Thi; wliole plant scarcely 2 feet high,
densely branched, covering the steep sides of bushy hills, very leafy. Leaves
varying from roundish-oval to linear-oblong, half an inch to above an inch in
length, coriaceous, glabrous, shining above, sometimes Avith numerous, some-
times with small and sparse or obsolete serratures ; the taste slightly bitter
and astrinijent, very similar to that of black tea, or to that of Ilex vomiloria,
for which it was mistaken by its discoverer, the indefatigable Menzies. Pe-
duncle very short, l-3-tlo\vered : pedicels 2-bracteolate, slender. Flowers
monoscious. The whole aspect of the plant is that of Phillyrea media; while
its true affinity is with Celastrus, from which it differs much in habit: a lacerat-
ed membrane takes the place ol the fleshy aril. A»i^." — Pursh described this
plant very badly. Hooker has given an excellent description and figure,
which leaves nothing to be desired except as to the fruit and seeds (which
have now for the first time been obtained by Nuttall) ; he suspects it should
be removed from Myginda. Arnott observes (in prodr. hid. Or. I. p. 155.)
that " M. ilicifolia, myrsinoides, and myrtifolia, having a bilocular ovary with
two erectovules in each cell, form a distinct genus, as has already been remark-
ed by Kunth" ; but most probably our plant is not a congener of the West In-
dian M. ilicifolia. The flowers are said by Nuttall to be monoecious ; but
this is at least not uniformly the case in our specimens : and perfect flowers
are also represented in the detailed figure of this plant given by Sir Wm.
Hooker.

Order XLVIl. RHAMNACE^. Jiiss.

Calyx 4-5-cleft, with a valvate aestivation. Petals distinct, cucul-
late or convolute, narrowed at the base, inserted upon the throat of
the caly.x, sometimes wanting. Stamens equal in number to the petals
and opposite them : anthers introrse or versatile, rarely 1-celled.
Ovary of 2-4 united carpels, 2-4-celled, free from, or usually cohering
with, the tube of the calyx, or more or less immersed in the fleshy peri-
gynous disk : ovules solitary in each cell, erect : styles more or less
connate : stigmas simple, usually distinct. Fruit free or commonly
more or less cohering with the calyx, fleshy and indehiscent, or with
the carpels dry and at length separable. Seeds erect, anatropous, not
arilled : albumen fleshy, or rarely none. Embryo about as large as
the seed : radicle short : cotyledons large, flat; — Trees or shrubs, the
branches often thorny. Leaves simple, alternate (or rarely opposite),
usually with minute stipules. Flowers small, mostly whitish or green-
ish, sometimes by abortion dioecious, monoecious, or polygamous : in-
florescence various.

2G0 RHAMNACEiE. Rhamncs.

1. BERCHEMIA. Necker ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 22; Brongn. in ann. sci.
oiat. 10. p. 356.

Calyx 5-parted, with a hemispherical tube ; segments erect. Petals 5,
convolute. Stamens enclosed within the petals : anthers ovate, 2-celled,
Ovary half immersed in the annular flattish disk, but free from it, 2-celled :
style short, conical, slightly bifid at the summit. Fruit oblong, drupaceous,
with a bony 2-celled nut. — Erect or climbing unarmed shrubs. Leaves alter-
nate, many-veined ; the veins oblique aod nearly simple. Flowers in small
racemose panicles, or in fascicles, terminal and from the axils of the upper
leaves.

1. B. voluhilis (DC): climbing; branches glabrous ; leaves ovate, slight-
ly undulated, mucronate, glabrous ; flowers dicEcious, in small panicles. —
DC. prodr. 2. p. 22. Rhamnus volubilis, Linn.; Jacq. ic. rar. t. 336;
IValL Car. p. 101 ; Michx.! fl. 1. p. 153. Zizyphus volubilis, Willd. sp. 1.
p. 1102; Pursh, fl. 1. p.lSS; Ell. sk. 1. p. 290. ^noplia volubilis,
Schult. syst. 5. p. 322.

Damp rich soils, Virginia ! to Florida ! and west to the Mississippi ! May-
June. — Stem climbing to the height of 12-15 feet, tough and flexible, with
pendent branches. Leaves 1-2 inches long, obtuse or slightly cordate at the
base. Flowers minute : racemes or panicles 6-10-flowered. Calyx deeply
cleft; the segments reticulated. Petals oblong, folded round the stamens.
Drupe about 3 lines long, dark purple ; pulp rather thin : nut very hard,
smooth, Avith a slight groove on each side.

2. RHAMNUS. Linn. ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 23 ; Brongn. I. c. p. 360.

Calyx urceolate, 4-5-cleft. Petals 4-5, emarginate or 2-lobed, usually more
or less convolute. Torus thin, lining the tube of the calyx. Ovary free from
the calyx, not immersed in the torus, 2-4-celled : styles 2-4, distinct or more
or less connected. Fruit drupaceous, containing 2-4 cartilaginous nuts. —
Shrubs or small trees. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, on short petioles.
Flowers minnte, u.5ually in short axillary clusters.

* Leaves coriaceous, sempervirent.

1. R. oleifoUus (Hook.): unarmed, erect ; leaves coriaceous, evergreen,
elliptical-oblong, entire, revolute on the margin, glabrous ; flowers pentand-
rous, in small axillary crowded panicles ; petals very minute, stigma obscure-
ly 2-lobed; fruit 2-seeded.— //bo/c. /. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 123, t. 44; Hook, f
Am. in hot. Eeechy, p. 1J6.

North West Coast, and California, Menzies. Woody plains around St.
Barbara, Nuttall ! — A shrub 6-12 feet high, the younger branches pubes-
cent. Leaves about 2 inches long, the veins oblique and rather remote, in
ihe young state pubescent beneath: petioles 3-4 lines long. Panicles on
short peduncles. Sepals ovate, rather erect. Petals cucullate, partly enclos-
ing the very short stamens. Anthers ovate-globose. Fruit about as large as
,a paa, globose.

2. R. laurifolius f Nutt. ! mss.) : "unarmed, erect; leaves coriaceous,
fivergreen, elliptical-oblong, or oblong, somcAvhat serrate, the veins approxi-
mated ; flowers axillary, 2-4 together, on pedicels shorter than the calyx,
fetrandrous; petals very minute.

Rhamnds. RHAMNACEi^:. 2G1

"Near St. Barbara and Monterey, California. A shrub 10-12 feet hi?h.
Considerably allied to the preceding, but very different in the infloreseenee
and foliage ; the leaves are shorter and wider, with 11 or li! pairs of veins.
In the young state and while Howering, the leaves are nearly glabrous, quite
small and oblong, or oblong-ovate, and the stii)ules thin and membranace-
ous as well as smooth. In older brownish branches (perhaps a distinct spe-
cies) the stipules and young leaves are silky-pubescent. The (lowering
brandies are white and nearly glabrous. If these two plants should prove
to be distinct species, one of them may retain the present name; and the
other may be called R. leucodermis." — Nutlall.

3. R.croceus (Nutt. ! mss.): " low and branching, the branches spines-
cent at the extremity ; leaves coriaceous, evergreen, roundish-obovate (small)
nearly glabrous, glandularly denticulate; llowers in axillary clusters; dicccious,
tetrandrous, apetalous; styles exserted, distinct above; fruit obovate, 1-2-
seeded.

" Bushy hills and thickets around Monterey, California. — A much branched
thorny shrub, with yellow wood ; the whole plant imparting a yellow color to
water. Leaves about half an inch long, lucid, when dry of a bright yel-
lowish-brown beneath: petioles about a line long. Fascicles 2-6-flowered :
pedicels as long as the petioles. Sepals ovate, with one middle and 2 mar-
ginal nerves. Stamens nearly as long as the sepals. Ovary ovate. Styles
often distinct below the middle. Fruit greenish or yellowish, usually (by
abortion) 1-seeded. Seed with a longitudinal furrow oh one side'."— AV^/o//.

** Leaves deciduous.

t Flowers tetrandrous.

4. R.catharticus {L.\x\n.): er«ct ; branches thorny at the summit; leaves
•ovate, denticulate-serrate; (lowers fascicled, polygimous-dio-cious, mostly
tetrandrous ; Iruit subglobose, 4-seeded.— £;n"-. bot. t. 1629 ; Torr > fl I v
263 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 24:. •■ J ■ - f

Mountains and in woods ; in the most retired parts of the Highlands of
New-York, Dr. Barratt ! Near WiUiamstown, Massachusetts^ Dewey !
and about Boston and Salem, Mr. Oakes ! Probably introduced.— A larcre
shrub, with spreading branches and grayish Ixirk. Leaves fascicled and
somewhat opposite, about li inch long, nearly glabrous; the laro-er veins
nearly longitudinal. Pedicels 3-4 lines long. Flowers sometimes trTandrous*
sepals at length reflexed. Petals erect, entire. Stamens a little lonc^er than
the calyx. Fruit black, nauseous and cy^ihaxiic— Buck-thorn. "

5. R. lanceolatiis (Pursh): erect, unarmed; leaves oblong, or ovate-lan-
ceolate, acuminate, acute at the base, serrulate, more or less pubescent be-
neath ; flowers sohtary or 2-3 together, axillary, tetrandrous ; petals minute
2-lobed, enclosing the stamens; styles united; stigmas 2, divergino-; fruit 2-
seeded, globose-obovate ; seed plano-convex, with a deep furrow on' the out-
siAe.—Pursh.fl. 1 p. 166; DC. prodr. 2. p. 27. R. Shortii, Nutt.! in

jour. acad. Fhilad. 7. p. 91. Cardiolepis nigra, rubra, & spinosa, Raf.
neo^en. (1825) no. 2. r j j

Cihrs of Kentucky River, Short! Missouri, Baldwin,' Tennessee Pursh
May.— A shrub, with smooth grayish bark. Leaves 2-2i inches long' usuaUy
pubescent beneath, but when old sometimes nearly glabrous • petioles 2-3
lines long. Flowers perfect, on short pedicels at the base of the youncr
shoots. Petals broad, folded round the short stamens, and partly enclosing
them. Styles exserted, united the greater part of their length, distinct and
somewhat recurv ed above. Fruit as large as a pepper-corn, red or black, usu-
ally 2-sided.— Our plant does not exactly agree with Pursh's description, as

2G2 RHAMNACEiE. Rhamnus.

the leaves are seldom so narrow as to be called lanceolate; but there can be
little doubt of its being the same species.

6. R. parvifoUus : unarmed ; leaves ovate, serrulate, pubescent (in the
young state), acute or emarginate; flowers solitary or 2-3 together, axillary,
on ve'ry short pedicels, tetrandrous (rarely pentandrous) ; petals mmute, 2-
lobed, partly surrounding the very short stamens ; styles 2, united below,
very short and conical. . , , • i

Harper's Ferry, Virginia, Pursh ! (v. s. in herb. Barton).— K shrub with
smooth gray bark. Leaves (immature) half an inch long, pubescent, particu-
larly onlhe lower surface, acute at the base. Tube of the calyx narrow, at-
tenuated dowmvard. Petals about as long as the stamens. Ovary (abortive)
oblong, shorter than the tube of the calyx.— We have only seen immature
specimens of this plant, in the herbarium of the late Dr. Barton. They
were labeDed in the hand-writing of Pursh " Rhamnus franguloides, mihi.—
Michx. 7 Harper's Ferry." We cannot refer it to any other species describ-
ed in this work. It may be the R. franguloides of Pursh's Flora, but it is
certainly not the plant of Michaux.

+t Flowers pentandrous.

7. R. alnifolius (L'Her.) : erect, unarmed ; leaves oval, acuminate, ser-
rate, pubescent on the veins beneath; flowers solitary or aggregated, pen-
tandrous (rarely tetrandrous), apetalous; styles 3, very short, united nearly to
the summit; disk somewhat fleshy ; fruit roundish-turbinate.— L'//er. serf.
« 5 ; Torr. ! fl. 1. p. 263 ; DC. prodr. 2. ji. 25 ; Hook. ji. Bor.-Am. 1. p.
122,' t. 42. R. franguloides, Mich.v. fl. 1. p. 153; P^irsh, fl. 1. p. 166?

Sphaf^nous swamps, Hudson's Bay, New England ! and northern part of
New- York! to Pennsylvania (Muhlenberg). May -June.— A shrub 2-4 feet
high. Leaves 1-3 inches long, acute at the base ; the lateral veins oblique
anli rather prominent. Flowers produced on the lower part of the young
shoots ; pedicels 2-3 lines long. Tube of the calyx hemispherical ; sepals
spreading. Fruit black, rather fleshy, about the size of a currant, 3-seeded.
Seeds plano-convex, without a furrow.

8. R. Carolinianus (Walt.) : erect, unarmed ; leaves oval-oblong, obscure-
ly serrate, nearly glabrous (or rarely pubescent beneath); umbels axillary, on
peduncles' much shorter than the petioles ; flowers perfect, pentandrous (some-
times tetrandrous), petals minute, embracing the very short stamens; styles
united to the summit ; stigmas 3 ; fruit globose, rather dry, 3-4-seeded.—
Walt. Car. p. 101 ; Mich.v..' fl. 1. p. 153; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 166 ; Ell. sk. .
1. p. 289; DC. prodr. 1. p. 27. , ■ „ , ,t

Banks of rivers, North Carolina ! to Florida ! west to the Rocky Moun-
tains '.—Usually a shrub, but sometimes (as in Palmetto Creek, Laurens
County, Georgia, Croo77i) it becomes a tree 30-40 feet high. Leaves 3-6
inches long, and 1-2 inches wide, sometimes acuminate, irregularly serrate,
the serratuTes often very indistinct ; sometimes the margin is waved ; lateral
veins (10-12) rather distant. Umbels 5-15-flowered. Petals 2-lobed. Style
rather short : stigmas minute. Fruit as large as a smaU pea, mostly 3-seed-
ed. Seeds plano-convex, without a groove on one side.

9. R. Purshianus (DC): erect, unarmed; leaves broadly elliptical, den-
ticulate-serrate, pubescent beneath ; umbels axillary, on peduncles longer than
the petioles, pubescent ; flowers perfect, pentandrous ; petals minute, embrac-
ino- the very short stamens ; styles united to the summit ; stigmas 3 ; fruit
turbinate, 3-seeded.— I>C. prodr. 2. p. 25; Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 123,
t. 43. R. alnifolius, Pursh, fl. 1. p. 166, not of L'Her.

Woods, Oregon, Dr. Scolder ! Nuttall ! Nootka, Menzies.—A shrub or
small tree', 10-20 feet, with a trunk 9 inches in diameter. Leaves 3-5 inches

Sageretia. RHAMNACEiE. 2G3

luiifj and li-2 inches in diameter, sometimes slightly cordate at the base,
rarely acute or with a slight acuniination ; the lower surface strongly pulies-
cent; the lateral veins (14-lG) prominent. Umbels 10-20-(iowcred. Petals
2-lobed. Styles rather short. Fruit the size of a large pea, black. Seeds
plano-convex, shining, without a groove.— Resembles R. Carohnianus but
differs in its broader leaves, more numerous veins, longer peduncles, and
larger pyriform fruit.

10. R. ferrugineus (Nutt.) : leaves oblong-elliptical, acute, entire, the
younger ones and calyx ferrugineous-tomentose ; umbels axillary, sessile ;
Howers perfect, pentandrous; petals minute; style short; stigmas 3. ISutl.
in jour. acad. PhUad. 7. p. 90.

Near Key West, Florida, Mr. T. R. Penh, (ex NuU.).—A shrub or small
tree. Leaves about 2 inches long, slightly pubescent beneath in the adult
state. Umbels 10-20-flowered in the axils 'of the petioles towards the end ot
the branches: pedicels 2-3 lines long. Calyx thickly clothed with rusty
down. Petals at first involving the stamens. NuU.—Vv'q have not seen this
plant. Some of our specimens of R. Carolinianus agree very well with the
description.

11. R. CaUfornicus (Eschs.) : branches angular, grayish-tomentose ;
leaves oval, serriilate, mostly acute, reticulately veined, glabrous on both sides ;
flowers fasciculate-umbelled ; pedicels tomcntose, as long as the petioles;
calyx 5-cleft ; petals 5, scale-like ; style 5-cleft ; fruit 2-seeded. EschschoUz,
in mem. acad. St. Petersb. 10. /;. 281.

In bushy places, California, ^.^c/isc/io/^^;.— A shrub about 12 feet high:
stem terete, fuscpus, nearly glabrous. Leaves li inch long : petioles tomen-
tose. Fascicles about 3-flowered. Petals yellowish-green. Eschscholtz.

12. R.? Texensis: much branched and straggling ; branches pubescent;
leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, somewhat acute, villous-pubescent on both sides,
denticulate-serrulate, the veins prominent and very oblique (flowers solita-
ry ?) ; fruit broadlv turbinate, 2-3-seeded ; seeds tumid, without a furrow.

Texas, Drummond! (coll. 2. no. 67.) —Branches whitish, flexuous.
Leaves about ^ of an inch long, somewhat coriaceous, obtuse or a little acute
at the base : petioles 1-2 lines "long. Fruit 3-4 lines in diameter, wuh a very
thin black pulp, obscurely lobed. Seed very smooth and shming.— AVe have
not seen the flowers, but'ihe plant appears to be a Rhammis,and is very dis-
tinct from any species with which we are acquainted.

3. SAGERETIA. Brongn. in ann. sci. nat. 10. p. 359, t. 13. / 2.

Calyx urceolate, 5-cleft. Petals convolute or cucuUate. Stamens 5: an-
thers ovate, 2-celled. Ovary partly immersed in the slightly concave and
entire disk, 3-ceUed : style short and thick, 3-lobed at the summit. Fruit
somewhat baccate, indehiscent, 3-celled.— Shrubs with slender often spines-
cent branches. Leaves somewhat opposite, on short petioles. FloAvers in
simple or branched interrupted rigid spikes.

The charncter of the fruit (which was unknown to Brongniart) is drawn solely
from E. Michauxii, and may not apply to all the species.

1. S. Michauxii (Bwn^n.): branches thorny when old; leaves opposite,
membranaceous, ovate or oblong-ovate, nearly sessile, remotely denticulate-
serrate, shining; flowers very minute, in paniculate spikes; petals mmute,
enclosing the stamens ; stigmas nearly sessile ; fruit 3-seeded.—Bro7igri. 1. c.
Rhamnus minutiflorus, Mic/ix. ! f. 1. p. 154 ; Pnrsh,fi. 1. p. 166 ; Ellsk..
1. p. 289 J DC. prodr. 2. p. 28. .

264 RHAMNACE^. Ceanothus.

Along the coast from North CaroUna to East Florida, Michav.v! Bald-
win! Oct.-Nov.— A shrub (6-8 feet high, EIL). Leaves about an inch
Ions, pub2scent when young, at length nearly glabrous, acuminate ; the lateral
veins few. Petals entire. 'Fruit as large as a pepper-corn : endocarp rather
thin and coriaceous. Seeds plano-convex, obcordate, smooth and even on
both sides. — Our specimens are rather imperfect.

4. CEANOTHUS. Lhin. (in part) ; Gcertn. fr. t. 106 ; Brongn. I'c. p. 369.

Calyx campanulale, 5-clcft ; the upper portion at length separating by a
transverse line ; the tube adhering to the base of the ovary. Petals 5, long-
er than the calyx, saccate and arched, on long claws. Stamens exserted :
anthers ovate, 2-celled. Disk fleshy at the margin, surrounding the ovary.
Styles 3 (sometimes 2), united to the middle, diverging above. Fruit dry
and coriaceous, mostly 3-ceiled (rarely 2-4- or by abortion 1-celled), obtusely
triangular, girt below by the persistent tube of the calyx, tricoccous ; the cells
at length opening by the inner suture. Seeds obovate, without a lateral fur-
row.—Shrubs, or somewhat shrubby plants, not thorny. Roots large, red-
dish, astringent. Leaves alternate, commonly ovate or eUiptical, serrate or
entire, persistent or deciduous. Flowers (perfect) white, blue, or yellowish
(the calyx and pedicels often colored), in umbel-like fascicles, which are ag-
gregated at the extremity of the branches into small dense thyrsoid panicles
or corymbs.

* Leaves 2-ribbcd from the base.

1. C. Am^ricanns (Linn.) : leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, serrate, nearly
glabrous above, canescently tomentose beneath, the petioles and veins be-
neath villous-pubescent ; peduncles axillary, elongated ; thyrsus oblong, leaf-
less — Walt. Car. p. 101 ; MiclKv. ! p. 1. p. 154 ; Bot. mag. t. 1479 ; Pvr.sh.,
J. 1. p. 167; Ell. sk. 1. p. 290; DC. prodr. 2. p. 31 ; Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am.
1, p. 124; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 148. C. tardiflorus, Hornem.?

p. Pitcheri: leaves ovate, commonly obtuse, minutely canescent above,
velvety-tomentose beneath, the veins of both surfaces hairy ; peduncles of-
ten somewhat leafy.— C. Pitcheri, Pickering ! viss.

y. herbaceus: leaves oval, serrulate, nearly glabrous.— C. herbaceus, Raf.
in Desv. jour. bot. 1. p. 227. C. perennis, Pitrsh, I. c. C. ovatus, Desf.
arb. 2. p. 3S1 7; DC. I. c.1 ,,,,.•

<5. intermedius : leaves small, ovate-oblong or oval, serrulate (otherwise as
in a.) ; thyrus rather loose.— C. intermedius, i^ri^A, /. c. ?; DC. I. c? ; EIL
sk. 1. p. 290, not of Hook.

Woods and copses, Canada ! to Florida ! and Louisiana ! /?. Arkansas
and Missouri, Dr. Pitcher! Nuttall ! Texas, Drummoml ! Alabama,
Dr. Gates ! y. Southern States. S. Georgia ! to Florida ! and west to Ar-
kansas ! June-July.— Root dark red. Stem shrubby or suffruticose, 1-3
feet high; the younger branches pubescent. Leaves 2-3 inches long (in J.
much smaller), rounded or rarely acutish, or sometimes a little cordate at the
base, either acute, or slightly acuminate, or obtusish at the apex ; the pubes-
cence of the veins and petioles somewhat rusty-colored. Calyx, corolla, and
pedicels (3-6 lines long) white. Claws of the petals filiform. Disk with a
10-toothed border. Seeds convex externally, deeply concave Avithin ; the
cavity marked by an elevated longitudinal ridge. In (i. & 5. the seeds are
convex on both sides, and without a rid^e : the difference is perhaps ow-
ing to their greater maturity in our specimens of the IdiXax.—Xeu'-Jersey
Tea.

Ceanothus. RHAMNACEiE. 265

2. C orflr/Af (Bigrl.): leaves narrowly ohlonn or elliptical^Ianccolate, ser-
rulate, with the teeth glandular, nearly glabrous ; thyrsus umbel-like, the
pedicels elongated and closely approximated ; peduncles and branches gla-
brous or slightly pubescent.— ^/ge/./. Host. eii. 2. p. 92; dray ! in ann.
lyc. New-York; 3. p. 224. C. intermedius, Hook. f. Bor.-Am. 1. /;. 1. 24,
not of Pursh ?

p.l leaves (especially on the veins), young branches, and peduncles pu-
bescent.

In barren rocky places, Canada ! and Northern part of New-York ! Michi-
gan, Dr. Pitcher! Vermont along Lake Champlain, Boott ! Dr. Rob-
bins ! i^c. M^ine, Mr. Oakes ! 0. Arkansas, A'lit I all! Dr. Leareiiworth !
Texas, Drummond! May.— Shrub 2-3 feet high. Leaves l-2i inches
long, varying from oval to almost linear, acute at both ends, sometimes ob-
tuse at the apex, membranaceous, smooth and shining, or slightly pu-
bescent on the veins beneath, usually pubescent when very young ; the ser-
ratures tipped with black glands. Peduncles 1-2 inches long, naked or often
with one or two leaves just below the flowers. Thyrsus almost hemispheri-
cal, an inch and a half in diameter. Flowers white, lars^or than in C. Ameri-
canus : pedicels 8-10 lines long, white. "Fruit blackish", Uigelow ; in/?,
scarcely half as large as in C. Americanus, globose-turbinate, nearly the
lower lialf invested with the adherent calyx-tube. In /?.? the leaves are
usually smaller, and the pubescence of the veins, &c. is somewhat ferrugineous.

3. C. sangninens (Pursh) : leaves obovate, pubescent beneath ; panicles
axillary, thyrsoid, on very short peduncles ; pedicels aggregated. Pursh, Jl.
1. p. 167 ; Kutt. gen. 1. p. 153 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 32.

IJanks of the Missouri, abundant below the confluence of the Platte, Nut-
tall ; near the Rocky Mountains, Lewis. — Branches reddish. — A much
larger plant than C. Americanus, which it considerably resembles. Nutt.

4. C. Oreganus (Nutt. ! mss.): "leaves broadly ovate, subcordate, mostly
obtuse, serrate, membranaceous, somewhat pubescent beneath ; thyrsoid
corymbs in lateral panicles ; fruit small, globose, obtusely 3-lobed, without
pulp. — C. sanguineus, Hook. ! Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 125, not of Pursh."

Woods of the Oregon, from the Blue Mountains to the Sea, Douglas,
Nuttall ! Fort Vancouver, Dr. Scolder ! — A shrub 4-12 feet high ; the
stem and branches glabrous, reddish. Young leaves nearly obovate ; the
adult ones narrow at the summit, but scarcely acute, li-2i inches long, I-IJJ
inch wide, thin ; veins moderately prominent. Panicles large, many-flower-
ed, about 3 inches long, the lower divisions compound. Flowers larger than
in C. Americanus, white. Fruit smaUer than a peper-corn. — Very distinct
from the preceding, according to NuttaU.

5. C. V el utimis (Douglas): branches somewhat pendulous ; leaves orbicu-
lar-elliptical or eUiptical-ovate, obtuse, subcordate, glandularly crenate-serru-
late, coriaceous, glabrous and shining (as if varnished) above, velvety-canes-
cent and strongly 3-ribbed beneath ; panicles axillary, elongated, on rather
long peduncles. — Hook. ft. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 125, t. 45.

Subalpine hills near the sources of the Oregon, and at the "Kettle Falls",
Douglas ; hills of Bear River, near the ' Seltzer Springs', Nuttall! — A
shrub 3-8 feet high, Douglas (scarcely more than knee-high, Nutt. ; some-
times covering the whole declivity of a hill, forming a thicket ver^^ difficult
to penetrate, Nidt.) ; branches nearly glabrous. Leaves 2-3 inches long,
sometimes much larger, the lower surface almost velvety when young, but
smoother when mature : petioles half an inch or more in length. Panicles
thrice compound. Flowers white. " Fruit dry, 2-3-seeded ; cocculi charta-
ceous", Hooker. — The leaves abound with an aromatic resin.

6. C. incanus : branches short and very thick, minutely canescent ; leaves
broadly ovate, obtuse, mostly subcordate, coriaceous, crenate-serrulate, mi-

34

266 RHAMNACE^. Ceanothcs.

nutely velvety above, whitish and canescent beneath ; clusters subsessile,
axillary and terminal.

California, Douglas ! — Branches numerous, whitish with an exceedingly
minute hoariness. Leaves an inch or more in length, rather crowded. Flow-
ers white, in dense subglobose clusters, from very short and thick spurs or
axillary branches.

7. C. oliganthris (Nutt. mss.): "stem and branches villous; leaves ellip-
tical-ovate, nearly glabrous above, villous beneath, glandularly serrulate, rath-
er obtuse ; panicles lateral and terminal, very short, few-flowered, naked, or
leafy towards the base, persistent ; disk pentangular; ovary Avith 3 protuber-
ances at the angles nearly as large as itself.

" Bushy woods on the hills of St. Barbara, California. — A shrub. Leaves
on moderately long petioles. Clusters of flowers scarcely longer than the
leaves. Flowers white, rather large". NiUtall.

8. C.hirsutns {^uXi.m?,^.): "somewhat spiny and almost hirsute, parti-
cularly the young branches; leaves cordate-ovate, glandularly serrulate, r.early
sessile, rather obtuse; panicle terminal, elongated, leafy ; disk obscurely pent-
angular; protuberances of the ovary small.

'in thickets, with the preceding, to which it is nearly allied. — A strag-
gling shrub. Young branches, leaf-buds, and bracts very hairy ; the upper
surface of the leaves also almost villous. Fruit rather smaU." Nuttall.

9. C. thyrsi/lorvs (Eschs.) : stem straight and erect, with angular branch-
es; leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, rather thick, strongly veined beneath, glandu-
larly serrate, glabrous or slightly hairy above, canescent beneath and mi-
nutely pubescent on the veins ; flowers in ovate or oblong very dense clus-
ters, on long more or less leafy axillary and terminal peduncles. — Eschs. in
mem. acad. St. Petersb. (1826) ; Hook. Ji. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 125; Hook. ^
Am. in hot. Beechey, p. 136.

Monterey, Upper California, EschschoUz, Dov.gJas ! Nuttall ! North
West Coast, Menzies. — A small tree, with a stem sometimes as thick as a
man's arm : branches strongly angular. Leaves 12-15 lines long, 4-6 lines
wide, narrowed at the base ; petioles about 2 lines long. Clusters 1-2 inches
long ; the flower-buds at first surrounded by numerous ovate woolly bracts,
most of which at length fall ofl'. Calyx and corolla bright blue even when
dry.

10. C. microphyllus (Michx.) : stem much branched from the root ; leaves
minute, obovate, rigid, fascicled, glabrous above, strigose below, entire or
sparingly denticulate ; peduncles slender ; thyrsus short, nearly simple, rath-
er loose.— M?:c;i.r. .' ^. l.p. 154; Pursh,fl. \.p. 167; Nutt.! gen. I. p. 154;
Ell. sk. 1. p. 292 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 32.

Sandy pine forests, Georgia ! to East Florida ! April.— Stems 1-2 feet
high, rather rigid, glabrous, yellowish. Leaves 2-3 lines long. Peduncles
1-2 inches long. Flowers white.

11. C. serpyllifolius (Nutt.): decumbent, diffusely branched; branches
fiUform ; leaves very small, ovate-elliptical, serrulate, obtuse, the lower sur-
face, as well as the petioles, strigose ; peduncles axillary ; flowers few, in a
simple corymbose head.— Nutt..' gen. l.p. 154; DC. prodr. 2. p. 32.

Near St. Mary's, Georgia, Bakhcin ! — A very small slender species.
Leaves 3-5 lines long ; the upper surface nearly glabrous ; the early ones
somewhat crowded ; later ones rather distant. Peduncles 1-li inch long,
12-15-flowered. Flowers white.

12. C. divaricatus (Nutt. ! mss.) : " somewhat thorny, nearly glabrous ;
leaves elliptical-oblong or oblong-ovate, lucid, somewhat obtuse, minutely
and glandularly serrulate, pubescent (particularly on the nerves) beneath ;

Ceanothcs. RHAMNACE^. 2C7

flowering branches divaricate ; leafy thyrsus interrupted ; rather loose ; ovary
sub2;lobo>e, withoat protuberances.

"Mountains of St. Barbara, California, and also near the town. April. —
A stragglinfT shrub. Tlic abortive branchlets at lenjTth become spinose.
Leaves 8-12 lines long, somewhat coriaceous, 3-ncrved from the base, the
lateral nerves obscure : petioles about 2 lines long. Tliyrsus oblong, with
several remote fascicles in the axils of the leaves. Flowers blue. Fruit
about the si'/e of a peper-corn." Nut tall.

* * Leaves \-ribbed, pinnalehj reined,

13. C. spinoifua (Nutt. ! mss.) : "glabrous ; branches thorny ; leaves cune-
ate-oblong, or oblong, obtu-e or emarginate, lucid, entire, or obscurely glnn-
dularly serrulate towards the apex; flowering branchlets divaricate, leafy ;
thyrsus oblong; ovary subglobose, without protuberances.

Mountains of St. Barbara. — A straggling shrub. Leaves somewhat cori-
aceous, obscurely veined, pubescent beneath in the young state, 8-10 lines
long. Flowers white or blue : pedicels 2-3 lines long." Nuttall. — Nearly
allied to the preceding species. There is a pair of obscure nerves from the
base of the leaf; but they are scarcely as large as the veins which proceed
from each side of the midrib.

14. C. cune.atus (J:^\iX\..\ mss.): "branchlets pubescent; leaves fascicled
from numerous very short lateral branches, and apparently opposite, thick
and coriaceous, narrowly oblong-cuneiform, entire, obtuse, glabrous above,
"whitish and minutely tomontose-canesccnl beneath ; flowers in lateral
pedunculate nearly simple umbels; fruit with 3 projecting appendages at the
summit." — Rhamnus ? cuneatus, Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 124 ; Hook. ^
Am. in hot. Beechey, p. 136.

Dry gravelly islands and bars of the Wahlamet above the Falls, Nuttall !
Douglas. California, Beechey. March.— A ^'..lCjo 6-in feet high, with
somewhat thorny grayish terete branches, very closely interwoven, sometirnes
forming thickets. Leaves half an inch or more in length, and about 2 lines
wide, very rarely with one or two teeth near the extremity ; the numerous
regular simple and oblique veins rather conspicuous on the lower surface.
Flowers in small axillary umbels: the peduncles and pedicels increasing in
length as the fruit ripens. Calyx and corolla white : petals cucuUate, un-
guiculate. Styles united above the middle, and then spreading. Fruit as
large as an ordinary pea, subglobose ; the exocarp somewhat pulpy, Avith 3
rather soft horn-like projections from the summit of the angles: the coherent
base of the calyx unusually large. Seeds even on both sides, black, polished.
— The whole plant (like several succeeding species) exhales a balsamic odor,
and the mature fruit is covered with a bitter varnish. Hooker describes the
branches as ferrugineous, which is not the case in our specimens : they are
so, however, in the C. macrocarpus, which, judging from our specimen, we
were certainly inclined to unite with the present species ; but Mr. Nuttall
assures us that it is perfectly distinct.

15. C. macrocarpus (Nutt. ! mss.) : "branchlets canescent with a rusty-col-
ored pubescence ; leaves alternate, rather crowded, sometimes a little fascicled
in the axils, thick and coriaceous, obovate-cuneate, entire, often emarginate
glabrous above, whitish and minutely tomentose-canescent beneath ; flowers
in lateral pedunculate nearly simple umbels ; fruit very large, with three pro-
jecting horn-like appendages at the summit."

Mountains of St. Barbara, California, Nuttall.'— A shrub 3-6 feet high.
Fruit twice or thrice as large as in the preceding.

16. C. verrucosus (Nutt. ! mss.): "branches verrucose, and (as also the
viens of the lower surface of the leaves) somewhat canescent with a rusty-

268 RHAMNACEiE. Ceanothus.

colored pubescence ; leaves alternate, approximate or crowded, very thick and
coriaceous, roundish-obovate or cuneate-oval, often eniarginate, the younger
ones sometimes obscurely serrulate, glabious above, minutely tomentose-canes-
cent beneath ; mribels axillary, few-flowered, naked ; fruit with minute pro-
tuberances at the angles.

" Low hills near the coast, St. Diego, California. — Leaves about half an
inch long, and 4-5 lines wide, similar to the preceding in texture, venation,
&c. Flowers white. Fruit the size of a large pea.'* Null. — Very near C.
cuneatus /?., and perhaps only another variety of that species ; from which
it differs, however, in its broader leaves and tuberculate stems, as well as in
the minute tubercles of the fruit.

17. C rigidus (Nutt. ! mss.) : " young branches pubescent ; leaves oppo-
site and crowded, cuneate-obovate, mostly retuse, thick and coriaceous, mu-
cronately crenate-loothed, glabrous above, somewhat canescent beneath ;
umbels axillary and terminal, few-flowered, sessile; pedicels at length elonga-
ted ; ovary with 3 protuberances.

" Bushy woods near Monterey, California. March. — A shrub about 6 feet
high, rigid, intricately branched, almost spinose. Leaves about half an inch
long, sometimes nearly obcordate ; teeth conspicuous ; the veins, &c. as in
the preceding. Clusters of flowers composed of several small crowded um-
bels ; the pedicels gradually elongating to the length of 3-4 lines. Calyx and
corolla bright blue." Nuttall. — Resembles the last two species in many
respects.

18. C. dentatus : branches (and veins of the leaves beneath) tomentose
with rusty hairs; leaves much crowded and fascicled, coriaceous, oblong-
cuneiform, retuse, toothed, with revolute margins, more or less hairy on
both sides ; peduncles elongated, nearly terminal ; thyrsus oblong, of nu-
merous umbel-like fascicles ; ovary with three protuberances at the summit.

California, Douglas ! — Leaves scarcely half an inch long, strongly and
remotely feather-veined, pitted beneath, irregularly and obtusely toothed.
Peduncles an inch or more in length. Flowers crowded, white.

19. C. papillosus : branches tomentose ; leaves narrowly oblong, much
crowded, fascicled in the axils, densely and softly tomentose beneath, gland-
ularly denticulate on the margin ; peduncles aggregated ; clusters somewhat
capitate ; ovary triangular, the angles projecting at the summit.

California, Douglas! — Branches terete. Leaves 1-1 i inch long (those
fascicled in the axils smaller), fringed on the margin with numerous capitate
glandular teeth ; the upper surface conspicuously papillose and somewhat
hairy. Peduncles numerous at the summit of the branches ; the flower-buds
at first invested with ovate woolly bracts: pedicels 2-3 lines long. Flowers
blue.

Order XLVIII. LEGUMINOS^. Juss.

Sepals united into a 5-cleft or 5-toothed calyx ; the segments often
unequal or variously combined, the odd one inferior. Petals 5 (some-
times by abortion fewer or wanting), perigynous or hypogynous, ir-
regular and unequal (papilionaceous), or sometimes regular, distinct or
variously cohering ; the odd petal superior. Stamens definite or in-
definite, inserted with the petals, distinct, or monadelphous, or diadel-
phous, or very rarely triadelphous : anthers versatile. Ovary simple,

ViciA. LEGUMINOS^. 2G9

solitary (very rarely 2 or more), free from the calyx : ovules solitary
or several : style proceeding from the upper or ventral suture : stig-
ma simple. Fruit a legume, or sometimes a drupe. Seeds solitary or
several, heterotropous or anatro[)ous, sometiiries with an aril or lari^e
caruncle : albumen none. Embryo straight, or witli the radicle bent
back along the edge of the cotyledons : cotyledons either thin and
somewhat foliaceous, or thick and fleshy. — Herbs, shrubs, or trees.
Leaves alternate, stipulate, usually compound, sometimes reduced to a
solitary leaflet: the margin of the leaves or leaflets almost always en.
tire. Flowers axillary or terminal, solitary or commonly racemose,
paniculate, spicate, or capitate : pedicels usually articulated.

Suborder I. PAPILIONACEiE. Linn.

Sepals imbricated (or sometimes slightly valvate) in aestivation.
Corolla papilionaceous or more or less irregular, rarely wanting. Sta-
mens 10, or occasionally fewer, inserted with the petals into the bot-
tom of the calyx, or perigynous. Radicle bent back upon the edge of
the cotyledons, or straight. — Leaves simple or simply compound (in
Cassieae sometimes bipinnate). Flowers usually perfect.

Tribe I. VICIE^. Bronn ; DC.

Corolla papilionaceous. Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1). Legume
continuous (not articulated), dehiscent. Radicle inflexed. Cotyle-
dons thick, farinaceous, remaining under ground unchanged in germi-
nation.— Herbs, with abruptly pinna(e leaves ; the common petiole
not articulated with the stem, produced at the apex into a bristle or
tendril.

1. VICIA. Tourn. inst. t. 221; DC. prodr. 2. p. 354.

Calyx tubular, 5-cleft or 5-toothed ; the two upper teeth shortest. Style
fiUforra, bent at a right angle with the ovary, villous at the apex, particularly
on the outside (next the keel). Legume oblong, several-seeded. — Mostly
climbing herbs. Leaflets several pairs. Petioles produced into branching
tendrils. Peduncles axillary. — Vetch.

* Peduncles elongated.

j-'l. V. Americana (Muhl.) : glabrous; leaflets numerous (10-14), elliptical-
lanceolate or ovate-oblong, obtuse or retuse, mucronate ; stipules semisagit-
tate, deeply toothed; peduncles shorter than the leaves, 4-8-flowered, lower
teeth of the calyx broadly lanceolate ; style very villous at the apex ; legumes
linear-oblong, compressed, reticulated, glabrous. — Muhl. in Willd. sp. 3. p.
1096 ; Pursh, fl. 2. o. 471 ; DC. I. c. p. 355 ; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. Vol.
p. leaflets elTiplical-lanceolate, somewhat rigid, strongly reticulated ; pedun-
cles 2-5-flowered. — Hook. ! I. c. V. sylvatica, Nutt. gen. 2. p. 97?

270 LEGUMINOS^. Vicia.

Canada! (as far north as Bear Lake) to the Western part of New- York !
and west to the Rocky Mountains! P. Sa'^katchawan, &c. Hooker! Mis-
souri!—2/ Stem 1-3 feet long. Leaflets 8-14 lines long : tendrils 3- many-
parted. Flowers about three-fourths of an inch long, purplish-blue. Upper
teeth of the calyx very short. — Very near V, sylvatica.

J. 2. V. Oregana (Nutt.! mss.) : "pubescent; stem weak; leaflets 4-8
pairs, elliptical-oblong, somewhat serrate at the summit, cuspidate, rarely
emarginate; stipules lunate, semisagittate, incisely serrate ; peduncles 3-5-
flowered, rather shorter than the leaves ; teeth of the calyx ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, the 2 upper nearly as long as the lateral ones ; style shghtly pubes-
cent ; legume broadly sabre-shaped, glabrous, about 5-seeded.

"Plains of the Oregon.— y Stem 1-2 feet long, angular. Leaflets about
I of an inch long : tendrils many-parted. Flowers one-third smaller than in
the preceding species." Nuttall.

-' 3. V. truncata (Nutt.! mss.): " somewhat pubescent; leaflets 5-6 pairs,
oblong-linear, usually truncate, serrate or tridentate at the apex; stipules lu-
nate, incisely serrate ; peduncles 4-7-flowered, rather shorter than the leaves;
lower teeth of the calyx lanceolate, acuminate, the upper ones very short ;
style very villous at the apex.

Plains of the Oregon. June.— 2| Stem 1-2 feet high, weak. Leaflets
about an inch long, 1-2 lines wide ; theloAvest ones simply acute and apicu-
late; the upper ones strongly serrate or toothed at the apex'." Nuttall.

4. V. sparsifolia (Nutt.! mss.): slightly pubescent; leaflets 5-6 pairs,
narrowly linear, nearly acute, mucronulate ; stipules bifid, entire, or sparingly
toothed ; peduncles 4-7-flowered, about as long as the leaves ; lower teeth of
the calyx acuminate; upper ones much shorter; style very villous at the sum-
mit.

" Plains of the Oregon, with the preceding ; to which it is very nearly al-
lied." Nuttall. y ^ : . 3

5. V. gigantea (Hook.) : somewhat pubescent ; stem sulcate ; leaflets
10-13 pairs, oblong, petiolulate, obtuse, mucronate; stipules large, semisagit-
tate, deeply toothed at the base ; peduncles much shorter than the leaves,
5-18-flowered, the flowers crowded ; lower teeth of the calyx long and nar-
row ; style slightly bearded ; legume broadly oblong, glabrous, obscurely re-
ticulated.—i/ooA'. .' fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 157. V. Sitchensis, Bong. ! veg.
Sitcha, in mem. acad. St. Petersb. (6. ser.) 2. p. 129.

Woods of the Oregon, ^cozi/er .' Nuttall! Sitcha, Bongard !—li Stem
stout, long and trailing. Leaves 6-9 inches long: leaflets 1-2 inches in length.
Flowers nearly as large as in V. Americana, pale dull purple. Legumes
about 2i inches long. Seeds as large as small peas, tolerably good eating
when young. — Plant blackish when dry.

.^- 6. V. Cracca (Linn.): stem branching; leaflets numerous (20-24), ob-
long, minutely pubescent, mucronate ; stipules lanceolate-linear, semisagit-
tate ; peduncles many-flowered, about as long as the leaves, flowers crowded,
retrorsely imbricated ; teeth of the calyx shorter than the tube, the upper
ones very short ; style hairy at the summit ; legume oblong, coriaceous, reti-
culated, glabrous ; seeds globose, black.— Mic/ivr. .' fl. 2. p. 69 ; Picrsh, fl.
1. p. 472 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 357 ; Bigel. Jl. Bost. p. 269; Hook. fl. Bor.-
Am. 1. p. 157.

Borders of woods, &c. Canada ! to Pennsylvania ! west to Kentucky I—
AprQ-June.— 1( Stem 2-3 feet long. Leaflets 6-8 lines in length. 'Ra-
cemes 12-30-flowered. Flowers nearly half an inch in length, usually bright
blue, but sometimes rather pale. Legume about an inch long, 4-6-seeded. —
Agrees in every respect with the European plant.

ViciA. LEGUMINOS^. 271

>— 7. V. Caroliniana (Walt.) : stem branrhin?; loaHcts 8-12, lincar-oblonjj,
nearly glabrous, rather obtuse, scarcely rnucroiiate ; stipules lanceolate, mi-
nute; peduncles many-flowered ; racemes rather loose; teeth of the ralyx
shorter than the tube, the upper ones very short; style hairy at the summit;
letjuiue oblong, coriaceous, not reticulated ; seeds subglobose, blackish. —
Jfal/. Car. p. IS2; Pursh, f. 2. p. 472; Ell. ak. 2. p. 224; DC. prodr.
2. p. 355. V. parviflora, Mich.r.! fl. 2. p. 69, not of Cav.

0. ? Te.j-anii : very slender; leailets S-10, nearly linear; stipules unequal-
ly bifid at the base; peduncles 6-10-ilowered, longer than the leaves ; flowers
crowded.

Borders of woods and banks of rivers, Canada! to Georgia ! west to Ken-
tucky ! April-May. — U Stem 3-6 or 8 feet long, slender, climbing. Leaf-
lets usually scattered, 6-10 lines long. Racemes 6-15-llowered ; the flowers
Avhite, or pale blue, with the top of the keel deep blue, commonly smaller
than in the preceding species, and more loosely arranged on the peduncle. —
The most certain distinguishing character is found in the shorter and broader
teeth of the calyx of this species. The Texan variety may prove to be dis-
tinct ; but we have not seen the legumes.

-/-8. V. Ludoviciana (Nutt, mss.): glabrous (except the young shoots);
leaflets 10-12, elliptical or obovate, obtuse or emarginate; stipules subulate,
simple or semisagittate ; peduncle 2-6-flowered, at hngth longer than the
leaves ; flowers (minute) closely approximated ; teeth of the calyx broad, acu-
minate, shorter than the tube ; legume broadly sabre-shaped, glabrous, 5-6-
seeded ; seeds compressed, dark brown.

Grassy places on the Red River, and in Texas, Dr. T^eax-enworth! "In
Louisiana, Mr. Tainlnrier,'''' Nutt all. May. — U Stem 2-3 feet long, rather
stout, strongly angled, climbing. Leaflets 6-S lines long, 2 lines wide, com-
monly emarginate. Stipules very small. Flowers blue, smaller than in V.
Cracca, rarely solitary, often 2-6 on a peduncle. Calyx hairy. Keel marked
Avith a deep blue spot at the summit. Legume J of an inch long and 3 lines
wide. — Mr. Nuttall in his manuscript describes the peduncles as i-2-flovvered,
Avhich is the case in some of our specimens ; but the peduncles are more com-
monly at least 4-flowered.

9. V. Learenu-orthii: pubescent; leaflets 10-14, oblong-linear, obtuse or
emarginate; stipules minute, semisagittate, entire; peduncles shorter than
the leaves, 2-4-rtowered (flowers minute) ; teeth of the calyx subulate, some-
Avhat equal, all longer than the tube; style slightly pubescent at the summit;
legume oblong, 6-seeded.

Arkansas, Dr. Leavenworth ! — If ? Stem 1-2 feet long, strongly angled.
Leaflets approximated, half an inch long and li line wide. Flowers as
large as in V. tetrasperma, pale blue ? — Resembles the last two species, but
is easily distinguished by the long and narrow teeth of the calyx.

10. V. micrantha (Nutt.! mss.): glabrous ; leaflets 4-7, linear, obtuse or
acute ; stipules lanceolate, semisagittate ; peduncles shorter than the leaves,
1-2-flowered (flowers minute); teeth of the calyx lanceolate, shorter than
the tube ; legume sabre-shaped, 7-10-seeded.

Prairies and woods of Arkansas, Nuttall! Louisiana and Texas, Dr.
Learenworth! on the Red River, Dr. Hale ! April-May .^(5)1 Stem
slender, 2-3 feet long. Leaflets about an inch long; in the lower leaves trun-
cate and often toothed at the summit. Flowers as large as in the preceding
species (pale blue?) ; the peduncles at first scarcely one-third the length of the
leaves. Style very short. Legumes an inch in length, slightly pubescent.
Seeds blackish, compressed ; the hilum extending 1 of its circumference,

J— 11. V. acutifolia (Ell.): glabrous ; leaflets 3-6, linear, usually acute ; sti-
pules linear-lanceolate, semisagittate, entire ; racemes longer than the leaves,

273 LEGUMINOS^. Vicia.

*-7 flowered ; lower teeth of the calyx ovate-lanceolate, shorter than the
tube, the upper ones very short ; legume slightly falcate, 4-8-seeded. — Ell. sk.
2. p. 225; DC. prodr. 2. p. 357. V. lutescens, Muhl. cat. fide Leconte.
V. paucifolia, Nutt. ! ms,s.

p. leaflets elliptical, obtuse ; peduncles shorter, about 2-flowered.

Low grounds, Georgia, Le Conte ! Middle Florida, Z^r.C7io/j???o?7/ Nnttall!
Near St. Marks, Dr. LeaTe7ivorth! &t. John's, Florida, Mr. Donbled ay !
— (X)'? Stem 2-3 feet long, climbing very slender. Leaflets 6-10 lines
long, scarcely a line wide. Tendrils usually undivided. Flowers half as
large as in V. Cracca, white, tinged with blue.

JU-12. V. tetrasperma (Loisel.) : stem somewhat csespitose, glabrous ; leaf-
lets 4-6, oblong ; stipules lanceolate, semisagittate ; peduncles usually 2-
(somctimes 1- or 3-4-) flowered ; teeth of the calyx lanceolate, shorter than
the tube, the sinuses acute ; legume oblong, glabrous, usually 4-seeded. —
Loisel. fl. Gall. 1. p. 460. V. pusilla, Muhl. in Willd. sp. 3. p. 1106;
Pursli, jl. 2. p. 471 ; Big-el. fl. Bost. p. 270. Ervum tetraspermum, Linn.;
DC. prodr. 2. p. 367 ; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 158.

Banks of rivers, Canada ! to New Jersey ! Pennsylvania, Muhlenberg.
July. — (T) Stem 1-2 feet long, very slender. Leaflets 5-10 lines long, and
one line Avide, mostly obtuse. Tendrils divided. Peduncles filiform. Flow-
ers very small, white, often with a tinge of blue. Legumes half an inch long,
somettmes 5-seeded. Seeds subglobose.

13. V. exigua (Nutt. ! mss.) : "pubescent ; leaflets 6-8, linear-oblong, rath-
er obtuse; stipules narrow, semisagittate, entire or incisely serrate; pedun-
cles filiform, 1- (sometimes 2-) flowered, shorter than the leaves; teeth of the
calyx lanceolate, broad at the base, shorter than the tube, the sinuses obtuse;
legume oblong, glabrous, 4-5-seeded.

" Plains of the Oregon and Upper California. Very much resembling the
preceding species. — The plant from Oregon is more slender and the leaflets
narrower." Nidtall.

* Floioers nearly sessile.

,* 14. F. saizva (Linn.) : somewhat pubescent; stem simple, decumbent or
climbing; leaflets 10-12, varying from obovate-oblong to linear, retuse, mu-
cronulate ; stipules semisagittate, somewhat toothed ; tendrils branched ;
flowers solitary or in pairs ; calyx cylindrical ; the segments as long as the tube,
lanceolate-subulate, nearly equal; style short, bearded at the apex; legumes
compressed, torulose, erectish, reticulated ; seeds orbicular, somewhat com-
pressed.—!:«§■. hot t. 334; Mich.v. ! fl. 2. p. 69 ; Pvrsh. fl. 2. p. 270; DC.
prodr. 2. p. 360 ; Bigel. /?. Bost. p. 270 ; Hook. I. c. ; Darlingt. fl. Cest.
p. 425. V. Canadensis, ^uccagni ; DC. I. c. ?

j^. ^. angustifolia (Seringe, in DC. 1. c. ): leaflets narrowly linear and
' 'elongated, obtusish or shghtly retuse, mucronate; seeds nearly globose. V.
sativa /?. Linn. V. angustifolia, Roth.

Cultivated fields and waste places; common: introduced from Europe.
i. Bordentown, New Jersey, Mr. Durand! June- July. — Q~) Corolla about
half an inch long, pale violet-purple. Legume 1-2 inches long, usually mi-
nutely hairy. — Common Vetch. Tare.

X Doubtful species.

15. V. trid entaf a (Schwein): stem sulcate, somewhat pubescent; leaf-
lets numerous, narrowly oblong, entire, obtuse, mucronulate, sparingly hairy
above, densely hairy beneath ; lower stipiiles cuneiform, broadly 3-cleft, 3-

Lathyrus. LEGUMlNOSiE. 273

nerved, pubescent; the upper ones lanceolate, acuminate, villous ; calyx and
pedicels pubescent. Sclrwtiin. in Loughs 2iid cuped. upp.
Upper Mississippi, Mr. Keating.

2. ERVUM. Linn.; Juss. gen. p. 360.

Calyx deeply 5-clcft ; the segments nearly equal, linear, acute, about the
length of the corolla. Style filiform : stigma glabrous. Legume oblong, 2-
4-seeded. Seeds orbicular or globose. — Annuals. Leaflets usually nume-
rous. Petioles produced into tendrils. Peduncles axillary.

1. E. hir.tutum (Linn.): stem branching, diffuse; leaflets 8-20, linear,
tapering at the base, truncate or retuse at the apex, mucronulale; stipules
subulate, semi^agittate, entire or cleft; peduncles 3-G-tlowered, about the
length of the leaves ; calyx hairy, tiie subulate segments rather shorter than
the corolla ; legumes obiong, obliquely truncate, torulose, hirsute, 2-seeded,
drooping. — Torr. ! compend. p. 264; DC. prodr. 2. p. 366; Darlingt. ft.
Cesl. p. 426 ; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 15S. Vicia Mitchelli, Ruf. ])rec.
decouv. p. ?/]; Ell. sk. 2. p. 224 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 360.

Thickets and banks of streams, New-York! Pennsylvania, S. Carolina:
probably introduced. May-Tune. — Stem 1-3 feet long, very slender, climb-
ing. Flowers very small, bluish-while. Seeds subglobose, somewhat com-
pressed.

3. LATHYRUS, Linn.; DC. prodr. 2. p. 369.

Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft ; the two upper segments somewhat shortest.
Style usually somewhat flattened, and dilated above, bent nearly at a right
angle with the ovary, pubescent or villous along the inside (next the free sta-
men). Legume oblong, several-seeded. — Mostly climbing herbs. Leaflets
1-several pairs. Petioles produced into tendrils. Peduncles axillary,

§ 1. Annual : peduncles l-3-Jlo%oered.

-X.1. L. pnsiUus (E\\.) : glabrous; stem branching from the base, winged;

■^leaflets a single pair, linear-lanceolate, acute at each end, slightly rnucronate ;
stipules rather large, sagittate, slightly falcate ; peduncles elongated, 1-2-
flowered ; tendrils branching; segments of the calyx subulate-setaceous,

'' nearly equal; legume elongated, slightly falcate, 10-15-seeded.— £//. sk. 2.
p. 223.

S. Carolina, Elliott : common also in Arkansas, Nuttall ! Dr. Pitcher !
Dr. Leavenworth! Texas and Western Louisiana, Dr. Leavcmcorth !
April-May.— A small slender vine. Leaflets li-2 inches long. Stipules un-
equally sagittate, nearly an inch in length.

§ 2, Perennial: peduncles several-Jiowered.

-/-2. L. marilimns (Bigel.) : mostly glabrous; stem stout^ angled, at length
decumbent ; leaflets 4-6-pairs, oval or slightly obovate ; stipules cordate-has-
tate, nearly the size of the leaflets ; peduncles many- (6-10-) flowered, rather
shorter than the leaves ; segments of the calyx hairy on the margin, the two
upper ones triangular and shorter, the others lanceolate ; corolla purple ; le-
gumes oblong, at length rather turgid, slightly falcate. — Bigel. ! fl. Bost. ed.
2. p. 268. L. venosus, Brit. ft. gard. {ser. 2.) t. 37; Bigel. I. c. ed. 1. L.
Californicus, Doiisl. ; Lindt hot. reg. t. 1144, fide Hook. L. pisiformis,

35

274 LEGUMINOS^. Lathyrcs.

Hook. ! ji. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 158; Hook. ^ Am. ! hot. Beechey, p. 123. Pi-
sura maritimum, Linn.; Eng. hot. t. 1047 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 368 (p. gla-
brum, Ser.) ; Bong. veg. SUcha, I. c. p. 130.

Sandy or stony shores, from Labrador to New- York! and from Kotzebue's
Sound! to Oregon! and California: also around the shores of the Great
Lakes ! and along the rivers, &c. to the shores of the Arctic Sea (Richard-
son). May-July. — The whole plant has a somewhat glaucous aspect, and
much the habit of a Pea. The leaflets (often scattered) are commonly from
li to 2 inches in length, and |-1 inch wide, with reticulated veins ; in shady
situations the stem is more slender, less leafy, and the leaflets rather smaller.
Stipules usually toothed below, cordate-hastate, the lower angle or lobe acute,
often more or less inequilateral. Peduncles 6-10-flowered. Flowers large
and showy, purple; the wings and keel paler. Lower segment of the calyx
linear, a little narrower, and slightly exceeding the lateral ones. The speci-
mens from Arctic America are smaller and fewer-flowered. — Our specimen
of L. pisiformis from Altaic Siberia, communicated by Prof. Fischer, dif-
fers from our various forms of the plant above described in having a narrow-
ly winged stem, much larger and semisagittate stipules, and somewhat ovate-
oblong leaflets. We perceive no other diff"erence of any importance ; but, as
these may be expected to prove nearly constant, we have thought it best to
retain the specific name of Bigelow for the present, since our plant is doubt-
less the same as the Pisum maritimum of the North of Europe.

3. L. polyphijlhis (Natt.l mss.): "glabrous; stem nearly erect; angled,
leaflets 5-8 pairs, oval-oblong, obtusish, the tendrils very short ; stipules as
large as the leaflets, semicordate, angularly crenate at the base, sometimes
acuminate; peduncles 7-10-flowered ; shorter than the leaves ; segments of
the calyx hairy on the margin, the two upper ones triangular and much
shorter than the lanceolate lateral ones, the inferior one subulate-setaceous,
rather longest ; corolla purple ; legume smooth, acuminated, long and flat.

" /?. angles of the stem acute ; stipules broadly semisagittate.

" Forests of the Oregon to the sea ; in shady places.— Stem about 2 feet
high. Leaflets 1^ inch long, and half an inch or more wide. Flowers ra-
ther large. — Considerably allied to L. pulchellus of Altai, but with more flow-
ers on the peduncle." Niitt. — This plant is probably included by Hooker
among the "more lax and flaccid forms of L. pisiformis apparently inhabit-
ing woody districts ;" and we should incline to take the same view of it ;
but the setaceous inferior segment of the calyx, and the rather shorter supe-
rior teeth wiU perhaps prove a constant distinction.

■ 4. L. venosus (Muhl.) : glabrous or somewhat pubescent ; stem erect or
'reclined, strongly 4-angled ; leaflets 5-7 pairs, ovate-oblong or broadly ovate-
elliptical, obtuse ; stipules very small, lanceolate or oval, semisagittate (the
deflexed lobe about as long as the superior portion) ; peduncles many-(8-16-)
flowered, rather shorter than the leaves; calyx pubescent or nearly glabrous;
the 2 upper segments very broad and short (not half the length of the lateral
ones) ; corolla purple ; legumes linear-oblong, compressed. — Muhl. in Willd.
sp. 3. p. 1092, I cat. p. 68 ; Pursh, Ji. 2. p. 471; Nutt. gen. 2. p. 96; DC.
prodr. 2. p. 371.

/?. robust ; leaflets larger (2-3 inches long), oblong-ovate ; stipules linear-
lanceolate ; peduncles 10-20-flowered.

y. minutely downy-pubescent ; leaflets rather broadly elliptical or ovate-
elliptical; stipules linear-lanceolate; peduncles 10-20-floAvered ; calyx and
pedicels densely pubescent. — L. decaphyllus. Hook. ! ji. Bor.-Avi. 1. p. 159,
<^ in hot. mag. t. 3123; Hook. ^ Am. hot. Beechey, p. 138, not of Pursh.
L. multiflorus, Nutt. ! mss.

&.1 smaller, finely pubescent ; leaflets 3-5 pairs, ovate-elliptical, smaller;
stipules linear-lanceolate ; peduncles 5-7-flowered. — L. pubescens, Nutt. .'
mss. L. decaphyllus P. minor. Hook. <^ Am. I. c. ?

Latiiyrus. LEGUMINOS/E. 275

Shady phcps, and alona streams, Canada to the Western part of Geortria!
Western Louisiana, Dr. Leavenworlh ! 0. Georgia, JJr. IJoyhiu! y. Sas-
katchawan, {/hchardson, Dnunmmid) to the shore of Lake Superior, Dr.
Houirhton! and Illinois, ex Nnttall : also N. W. Coast and California, ex
Honker, f,. Bushy woods of the Oregon, NuUall! June-July.— Stem ahout
3-4-angled and striate, 2-3 feet high. Petioles channelled above. Lealhts
in o. & Y- about li-2 inches long; in fi. larger, somewliat conspicuously reti-
culate-veined above when old. Flowers smaller than in the two preceding
species, racemose, crowded. Lateral segments of the calyx triangular-lan-
ceolate, a little shorter than the somewhat narrower lower segrnent; the
upper ones broadly triangular and extremely short.— A widely diffused spe-
cies, if we are correct in joining with it the L. decaphyllus of Hooker, &t ,
readily distinguished by its very small stipules, These are however a little
variable in the ordinary form, even in the same specimen ; the upper ones
being often larger and broader.

■j^b. L. ochroleucus (Hook.) : glabrous, pale and a little glaucous ; stem slen-
der; leaflets about 3 pairs, broadly oval or ovate; stipules semicordate;
smaller than the leaflets, entire or obtusely toothed below ; peduncles 7-10-
flovvered, shorter than the leaves; calyx somewhat truncate above ; the up-
per segments broadly triangular, scarcely half the length of the oblong lateral
ones; the lower lanceolate and a little longest ; corolla yellowish-white ; le-
gumes linear-oblong, compressed, glabrous.— //oo/r..' fi. Bor.-Am. L p. 159 ;
(h'ay ! in ann. lye. New-York, 1. p. 225. L. glaucifolius, Beck, bot. p. 90.
L. piriformis, Richards. .' in app. Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. 28.

Shady hill-sides and banks of streams &c., from the Arctic circle. Dr.
Richax'dson! (Bear Lake) to the Western and Northern part of New-
York! and New Jersey! June-July. — A smaller and more delicate plant
than tiie preceding, straggling or somewhat climbing. Leaflets 1-li inch
in length, thin and membranaceous. Stipules either rounded at the base, or
with a^n acute angle, somewhat variable in size ; the lower ones considerably
smaller than the leaflets ; the uppermost often nearly their size, particularly
in the subarctic forms. In the latter, also, the peduncles are nearly as long
as the leaves. Segments of the calyx minutely hairy on the margin. Flow-
ers about as large as in L. venosus.

-7^ 6. L. myrtifolius (Muhl.) : dabrous ; stem slender, acutely quadrangular
and often slightly winged ; leaflets 2-3 pairs, oval-elliptical or oblong, obtuse
at each end ; stipules ovate-semisagittate, smaller than the leaflets, nearly
entire ; peduncles 3-6-flowered, longer than the leaves ; upper segments of
the calyx broad and shortest, the others triangular-lanceolate; corolla pale
purple '(the wings and keel whitish); legumes (immature) oblong-Hnear,
compressed, glabrous.— M'i/i/. in Willd. sp. 3. p. 1091 ; Pursh, f. 2. p. 471 ;
DC. prodr. 2. p. 371 ; Hook. I. c. L. stipulaceus, Le Conte ! in cat. pi.
New- York, p. 92; DC. I. c; Hook. I. c.

Banks of rivers, &c., Canada ! Vermont ! to New- York ! and Pennsylva-
nia. July -Aug.— More or less climbing. Stem 2-4 feet long. Flowers the
size of the preceding.— We have drawn up the character from the ordinary
and well-marked forms of this species; but we have varieties which so nearly
approach to L. palustris that we arc unable to point out any certain and con-
stant mark of distinction. The leaflets are ordinarily an mch and a half in
length and about half an inch wide, veiny, and rather rigid. The stipules
are'extremely variable in size, being sometimes half the size of the leaflets,
but often (especially the lowermost) very smaU : their base is sometimes
rounded and sometimes acute. We have not seen the ripe fruit.

S-1.L. palustri-f (h'mn.): mostlv glabrous ; stems somcAvhat erect, winged;
leaflets 3 pairs, oblong-lanceolate,' obtusish, mucronate. rather rigid ; stipules
very small, lanceolate, semisagittate, acuminate, the deflexed lobe also acurai-

276 LEGUMINOSJ]: Lathyrcs.

nate ; peduncles 3-5-flowcred ; legumes broadly mear, compressed, acumi-
nate, pubescent. Hook. — Linn. sp. p. 1034 ; Eng. hot. t. 169 ; Mich.r. ! fi.
2. p. 66 ; Pursh, ji. 2. p. 471 ; Bigel.Ji. Bast. p. 209; DC. I. c. ; Hook. !
f. Bor.-Ani. 1. p. 161.

a. glabrous ; lateral and inferior segments of the calyx lanceolate (the
inferior one narrowest), about the length ol the tube; peduncles equalling or
exceeding the leaves; leaflets 3-4 pairs, varying from lanceolate to narrowly
elliptical.

0. glabrous, rather flaccid ; lateral and inferior segments of the calyx linear-
subulate, longer than the tube.— L. occidentalis, Nuit.! mss.

y. glabrous ; lateral segments of the calyx oblong, obtuse, shorter than the
tube.

S. glabrous; lateral segments of the calyx triangular-subulate, much shorter
than the tube; stipules minute, linear-subulate.

£. minutely pubescent; lateral segments of the calyx triangular-oblong, ob-
tuse, much shorter than the tube ; leaflets 4-5 pairs, rigid ; stem scarcely
winged.

^. finely pubescent; lateral and inferior segments of the calyx narrowly
triangular-lanceolate, very acute, shorter than the tube ; peduncles 3-10-flow-
ered. — L. hydrophilus, Nutt. ! mss.

r). pubescent ; lateral and inferior segments of the calyx linear- lanceolate or
linear, very acute, as long as the tube ; leaflets elliptical ; stipules much larger,
oblong.

Swampy places and along streams, Canada ! (lat. 55°) to Pennsylvania !
west to Oregon, p. mouth of the Oregon, NvUaU ! &. Saskatchawan Riv-
er, ex Hook.! £. California, Douglas! g. Marshes, Massachusetts, Mr.
Oakes! Western part of New- York ! r,. Dry soil, Uuoddy Head, Mame,
Mr. Oakes ! July-Aug.— Flowers rather large, bright purple.

8. L. vestitiis (Nutt. ! mss.) : " erect and rigid or a little climbing, silky-
canescent; leaflets 5-7-pairs, small, elliptical or oval, cuspidate; tendrils
mostly pinnated; stipules broadly semisagittate, acuminata, slightly toothed
below, about the size of the leaflets ; racemes about the length of the leaves.
4-6-flowered ; flowers large, purple ; lower segments of the calyx narrowly lan-
ceolate, acuminate, rather longer than the tube ; legume flat, pubescent, atten-
uate at each end; style villous along the inside for about one-third its length.

" Plains of the Oregon towards the sea. June.— A very distinct species.
a foot or more high, clothed with an appressed silky pubescence, except the
upper surface of the leaves, which is nearly glabrous. Stem erect in open
places, decumbent in shady situations. Leaflets half an inch or a little more
in length, and 2-3 lines wide. Calyx attenuate at the base." Nuttall.

9. L. strictiis (Nutt. mss.) : "pubescent, rather rigid ; stem slender, angled;
leaflets 2-5 pairs, linear, acute; tendrils bifid; stipules semicordate, acumi-
nate, serrate ; peduncle about 4-flowered, longer than the leaf; flowers large ;
lower segments of the calyx acuminate, as long as or longer than the tube.

"Busby places around St. Diego, California. April.— A small species, near-
ly allied to the preceding, of which it may perhaps be only a variety. Leaflets
remote, about 1-2 lines wide." Nuttall.— This species we have not seen.

10. L. /mearr.? (Nutt. ! mss.) : "nearly glabrous; stem decumbent, slen-
der, angled ; leaves nearly sessile; leaflets 5-6 pairs, narroAvly linear, mostly
obtuse, apiculate, rigid ; tendrils short, simple or bifid ; stipules small, lan-
ceolate, semisagittate, laciniate-toothed or incised below; peduncles 3-4-
flowered, shorter than the leaves ; flowers rather large, pale purple; segments
of the calyx triangular-subulate, shorter than the tube ; legunie attenuated at
each end; style nearly filiform, villous all round at the summit.

"Plains of the Platte. April. — A low decumbent species. Leaflets an
inch or more long, and about half a line wide. Stipules with 2-5 very sharp

Lathyrus. LEGUMINOSiE. 277

slendtT teeth. Flowers pale, the tip of the keel deep purple. [Corolla about
X of an inch in length, hut very narrc .v, 4 times lontfcr than the ealyx.J —
More of a Vicia than a Lathyrus ; but in habit, «tc. this and the succeeding
species are inseparable frtni the following species." Nvllull.

11. /y. cii.s:<titif()li7is (Nutt. mss.) : '• somewhat pubescent, climbing ; U aflcfs
4-6 pairs, narrowly linear, rather obtuse, apiculate, scattered, the petiole thick
and channelled, terminating in apinnatihd tendril ; stipules linear, semisat;it-
tate, entire; peduncles 4-6-liowered, much shorter than the leaves; seg-
ments of the calyx short, the uppermost obtuse.

" With the preceding, to which it is nearly allied ; but with a long weak
scandent stem and smaller entire stipules. Flowers smaller, pale purple.
Stigma tiattish, villous all round." NultaJI. — We have seen no specimen of
this plant ; but we fear it is not sufficiently distinct from the preceding. In
our specimen of L. linearis, the leatlets are more or less scattered (as is very
common in the genus), and the stipules occasionally have only one or two
teeth.

12. L. ornatus (Nutt. ! mss.) : " erect, glabrous, often glaucous ; stem
quadrangular ; leaflets 3-4 pairs, lanceolate-linear, rather acute, mucronate,
rigid and strongly veined, tendril scarcely any ; stipules linear-lanceolate and
slender, semisagittate, entire; peduncles about 4- [or 6-8-] Howercd,
much longer than the leaves : flowers very large, purple ; segments of the
calyx subulate, slightly unequal, rather shorter than the tube ; legume sn colh
and flat, acuminate at each end, about 10-seeded ; style minutely pubescent
along the upper side." — L. polymorphus, Torr. ! in ami. lye. New- York, 2.
p. ISO, excl. syn.

Kamassa prairies, common, A»«o//.' On the Missouri and Platte, Dr.
James! May-June. — Scarcely a foot high, sometimes branched. "Root
long and black", Nutt. Petioles very short, terminated with a small brittle.
Leaflets an inch or more in length, 1-2 lines wide. Stipules almost subu-
late, resembling the leaflets, f of an inch in lenjrth. Flowers very showy, an
inch long (as large as those of the cultivated Sweet Pea, A?//^), the vexil-
lum and winars broad. Calyx very smaU. The immature pods, in the spe-
cimen of Dr. James, are about 2 inches long, and nearly half an inch wide,
reticulated, tapering below into a distinct stipe. The seeds, according to
Dr. James, are as large as the Common Pea. — This species and L. polymor-
phus are (as the genera are characterized) rather species of Orobus than of
Lathyrus : they are clearly congeners of O. varius, O. albus, and others of the
same section ; but on the other hand they can hardly be separated with pro-
priety from L. linearis, Nittt.. which has tendrils and more the habit of the
present genus. The pubescence of the style in the species of Orobus we
have examined is the same as in Lathyrus.

13. L. fohjmorplms (Nutt.) : mostly glabrous ; stem erect, a little woody
at the base, much branched; branches quadrangular; leaflets 2-5 pairs
(mostly scattered), elliptical-lanceolate or linear-oblong, somewhat glaucous,
rigid and very strongly veined ; petioles terminated by a smaU bristle ; sti-
pules lanceolate, subfalcate, minutely semisagittate at the base; peduncles
3-5-flowered, a little longer than the leaves ; flowers very large, purple ; seg-
ments of the calyx lanceolate-subulate, somewhat unequal, nearly as long as
the tube ; legumes . . . — Nutt. gen. 2. p. 97 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 371. L.
decaphyllus, Pursh, fl. 2. p. 471, not oi Jlook. Vicia stipulacea, Pursh !
I. c. snppl. 2. p. 739!

Grassy alluvial plains of the Missouri, Nuttall, Bradbury ! Dr. James!
June. — Stems short. Leaves crowded, especially on the lower part of the
stem ; the lowermost 2-4-foliolate, the upper 6-1 0-foliolate. Leaflets l-2i inch-
es long, variable in width, mostly obtuse at each end, mucronate, stronirly
longitudinally veined. Stipules very variable in size, very acute, sometimes

278 LEGUMINOS^. Phaseolcs.

almost subulate. Flowers about as large as the preceding species. Style
narrowly linear, pubescent nearly the whole length of the upper surface.
Legume large, glabrous. — Allied to the preceding, but quite distinct.

4. ASTROPHIA. Nuti. mss.

Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft; the 2 upper segments a little shorter. Style
flat, linear, pubescent along the inside. Legume broadly oblong, compressed,
few-seeded. — A perennial herbaceous silky-villous plant. Stem erect, branch-
ing. Leaves pinnately 4-6-foliolate ; the petiole terminated by an abortive
leaflet. Peduncles axillary, few-flowered,

A. Uttni-alis (Nutt. ! mss.)

"Sand hills near the estuary of the Oregon. — Roots slender, horizontal.
Plant thickly clothed with a soft silky gray pubescence, branching from the
base, with numerous infertile axillary branchlets. Stipules more than twice
the size of the leaflets, oblong, inequilateral and somewhat produced at the
base on one side, but scarcely semihastate. Leaves small. Leaflets 2-3
pairs, Unear-spatulate, about half an inch long and li line wide ; the termi-
nal leaflet scarcely one-fourth the size of the others (appearing like a slight
expansion of the apex of the petiole). On some of the branches the lowest
leaves are 3-cleft, instead of pinnate. Racemes pedunculate, about 5-flower-
ed. Perfect flowers not seen. Segments of the calyx lanceolate, acute,
about as long as the tube. Ovary S-10-ovuled. Legume about li inch long
and half an inch wide, villous, with 2-3 perfect seeds. Seeds globose, brown,
with a linear semicircular hilum. — The plant has somewhat the habit of
Orobus, but the pod is flat and broad." NuttalL

Tribe II. PHASEOLE^. Bro7in ; Benth.

Corolla papilionaceous. Stamens diadelphous (9 & 1), or rarely
somewhat rnonadelphous. Disk usually a membranous sheath sur-
rounding the base of the ovary. Legume continuous, never separat-
ing into joints, but often torose and with cellular partitions between
the seeds, dehiscent. Seeds usually reniform, convex or compressed.
Radicle incurved. — Twining (sometimes erect or prostrate) herbace-
ous or shrubby plants. Leaves usually pinnately trifoliolate (rarely
reduced to a single leaflet), sometimes unequally pinnate, stipellate.
Inflorescence axillary, seldom terminal, racemose or somewhat pani-
cled.

Subtribe 1. Euphaseoleje, Benth, — Ovary with several ovules. Inflo-
rescence racemose with the pedicels usually aggregated on alternate knobs.
Vexillum usually biappendiculate at the base. Style often indurated above
the middle. Cotyledons thick, nearly unchanged in germination, and either
rising out of the ground or remaining beneath the surface.

1. Leaves pinnately trifoliolate.

5. PHASEOLUS. Linn. ; DC. proclr. 2. p. 390 ; Benth. Leg. geii. p. 73.

Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed or 5-cleft ; the 2 upper teeth often more or
less united. Keel with the stamens and style spirally twisted or circinate.

PHASE0LU9. LEGUMINOS^. 279

Legume linear or falcate, more or less compressed, or somewhat terete, many-
seeded. Hilum small, oval-oblong, naked, or rarely with a small membran-
aceous caruncle. — Herbaceous or suCfrutescent, twining or trailing plants.
Leaflets manifestly stipellate. Pedicels usually in pairs. — Kidnf.y-Bean.

§ 1. Slipnles not produced at the base: teeth of the cahj.r broad, mvrh
shorter than the tube: legume compressed, broad and Jalcate. — Dhk-
PANOSPRON, Benth.

y^l. P. perennis (Walt.): perennial; leaflets ovate, acuminate, palmately
3-veined; racemes solitary or somewhat clustered, simple or a little branch-
ed, longer than the leaves; legumes pendulous. — ]l'alt. Car. p. 182; Pirrsh,
fi. 2. p. 469; Darliufft. ft. Cest. p. 429. P. perennis & macrostachyus, Ell.!
in jour. acad. Philad. 1. p. 384 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 391. P. paniculatus,
Mich.T.! Jl. 2. p. 60. Dolichos polystachyos, Linn. ; U'iUd. .fp. 3. p. 1049.
Rocky woods and borders of swamps, Canada ! to Florida ! and west to
Louisiana ! July-Aug. — Stem 4-10 feet long, pubescent, climbing over
small shrubs or trailing on the ground. Leaflets 2-4 inches in h-ngth. and
often as broad as long ; the terminal one usually subcordate ; the lateral ones
inequilateral, pubescent beneath. Stipules small, lanceolate. Racemes 4-
12 inches long, slender, loosely flowered : pedicels 2-4 lines long, with 3 mi-
nute hairy bracts at the base. Calyx somewhat bilabiate ; teeth broad and very
short, the upper ones rounded. Corolla purple. Legume li-2j inches long
and 4-5 lines wide, somewhat tumid, strongly falcate. Seeds oblong-reni-
form, dark purple. — Elliott considered the Northern plant as distinct from the
Southern one ; but we find no constant difie-rence between them.

2. P. sinuatus (Nuttl mss.): perennial, nearly glabrous, prostrate; leaf-
lets reticulated, 2-3-lobed; the lobes obtuse; peduncles longer than the
leaves, mostly solitary, simple; legumes pendulous.

East Florida, Mr. Ware! (Nuttall) Tampa Bay, Dr. Burrows! —
Stem 4-6 feet long. Leaflets 1-1 i inch long, somewhat coriaceous, some-
times obtusely triangular, but usually almost equally 3-lobed. Stipules small,
lanceolate. Racemes 6-8 inches long ; the flowers rather distant and chief-
ly produced on the upper portion of the peduncle. Flowers and legume as
in the preceding species, from which it is at once distinguished by its lobed
and much smaller leaves; but it is possibly a mere variety of that plant.

§ 2. Stipules adnate to the petiole, produced and free at the base : lower
tooth of the calyx- as long or longer than the tube: legume linear ^
straight, somewhat terete. — Strophostyles, Elliott.

'f' 3. P. diversifolius (Pers.) : annual; stem usually prostrate; diffiise, re-
trorsely and roughly hirsute; leaflets broadly ovate, angular or 2-3-lobed,
sometimes entire, about the length of the petioles; stipules lanceolate; pe-
duncles longer than the leaves ; flowers few, capitate ; lower tooth of the
calyx narrow, longer than the tube; legume slightly pubescent, broadly lin-
ear, nearly terete, 6-7-seeded ; seeds oblong-cylindrical, woolly. — Pers. syn.
2. p: 296 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 394. P. trilobus. Michx. ! ft. 2. p. 60, not of
Roth ; Pursh. Jl. 2. p. 470 ; J5?Ve/. fl. Bo.-^t.' p. 268. P. angulosus. Ort. ;
DC. I.e.? Glycine angulosa, A/HTi/. in Willd. sp. 3. p. 1056. Stropho-
styles angulosa. Ell. sk. 2. p. 229. Dolichos ? angulosus, DC. I. c. p. 399,
excl. syn. Walt.

Sandy shores, particularly near the sea, Canada ! to Florida ! west to
Louisiana ! Aug.-Oct. — Roots often bearing numerous small tubers. Stem

280 LEGUMINOS^. Phaseolus.

2-6-8 feet long, rather stout, usually spreading on the ground, but sometimes
climbing. Leaflets li-2i inches long, sparsely hirsute beneath, with the
lobes commonly distinct and rounded. Peduncles when in liower 2-4 inches
long, in fruit 6 inches or more, 6-10-flowered. Calyx with 2 lanceolate
lateral bracteoles ; upper tooth minutely bihd ; the lower one lanceolate-subu-
late, one-third longer than the tube. Corolla purplish: keel with a very long
curved beak, without a horn at the base. Legume about 3i inches long and
I of an inch wide, black when ripe. Seeds twice as long as wide, covered
with a gray mealy pubescence: hilum linear.

4. P. heh'Olus (h'mn.) : perennial ; stem slender, retrorsely hirsute ; leaflets
ovate-oblong, oblong, or oblong linear, usually entire, about the length of the
petiole ; stipules lanceolate ; peduncles slender, 3-6 times as long as the leaves ;
flowers few, capitate ; lower lip of the calyx lanceolate, scarcely longer than
the tube; legume straight, terete, narrowly linear, 10-11-seeded, slightly pu-
bescent; seeds pubescent, reniform. — Linn. sp. 1017 ; Piirsh, jl. 2. p. 470 ;
Michx.! fl. 2. p. 60 ; DC. ■prodr. 2. p. 395. P. vexillatus, Linn. I. c.7 ;
Pnrsh, i. c. ; DC. I. c. ?; DarUngt. fi. Cest. p. 430. P. peduncularis,
Bart. jl. Philad. 2. p. 81. Strophostyles peduncularis. Ell. sk. 2. p. 230.
Glycine peduncularis, Muhl. cat. p. 67. G. umbellata, Muhl. in Willd. sp.
3.p. 105S?

a. leaflets mostlv ovate-oblong, obtuse at the base, thin, sparingly hirsute
beneath, glabrous above, entire, sometimes a little dilated or angular at the
base.

/?. leaflets elliptical-ovate, acute at the base, entire, sparingly hirsute on
bath sides.

y. leaflets linear-oblong, obtuse at the base, entire, somewhat coriaceous,
sparingly hirsute on both sides.

5. leaflets oblong-lanceolate, acute, dilated at the base, entire, strongly hir-
sute benealh, nearly glabrous above.

c. leaflets 3-lobed.

a. Sandy fields, New-York ! and New Jersey ! P. y. & S. Virginia ! to
Florida! west to Kentucky! and Louisiana! e. Georgia! and Florida!
Aug.-Sept. — Stem 3-5 feet long, much more slender than in the preceding
species. Leaflets very variable in size and form, but always smaller than
in P. diversifolius. Peduncles nearly as slender as the petioles, sometimes
8- 10 inches long, 3-5- rarely 7-flowered. Flowers much resembling those
ol the preceding species. Beak of the keel with a tooth at the base. Le-
gume about 2^ inches long and scarcely 2 lines wide. Seeds clothed with a
mealy pubescence : hilum linear-oblong. — We have not seen the fruit of aU
the forms described above : some of them possibly may not belong to this
species. We are unable to find any difference between P. helvolus and P.
vexillatus of North American botanists ; but the West Indian plant may be a
distinct species.

5. P. leiospermus : (perennial?) stem slender, retrorsely hirsute; leaflets
linear-oblong, rather obtuse, entire, somewhat coriaceous, as long as the peti-
oles, reticulated and hirsute on both surfaces ; stipules subulate ; peduncles
slender, much longer than the leaves ; heads few-flowered ; teeth of the
calyx lanceolate, as long as the tube ; legume broadly linear, compressed,
very hirsute, about 5-seeded ; seeds oval, glabrous.

Red River, Louisiana, Dr. Hale ! Arkansas, Dr. Leavenworth! — Stem
twining. Leaflets li inch long, and 3-5 lines wide, somewhat dilated at the
base, hirsute, with short rigid hairs. Peduncles usually 2-3 times as long as
the leaves. Flowers smaller than in the two preceding species, but resembling
them in structure. Legume scarcely more than an inch long, and 2i lines
wide, with a very short abrupt acuraination. Seeds li line long, purple,
polished.

Erythrina. LEGUMINOS.^. 281

6. VIGNA. Savi ; Benth. comm. Leg. gen. p. 49.

Calyx somewhat bilabiate; upper lip entire, Vexillum with 2 callosities
near the base of the limb. Keel not spirally twisted. Stigma lateral. Le-
gume terete. — Twining herbs.

^/-l. V. glabra 7 (Savi) : glabrous [pubescent, Ell.'\ ; upper lip of the calyx
'obtuse. DC. prodr. 2. p. 401. Donchos luteolus, Jacq. hort. Vind. 1. p.
39, t. 90 ?; Parsh, fl. 2. p. 470; Nutt.! gru. 2. p. 112; Ell. sk.2. p. 231.

Borders of rice-fields, (ieorgia, Pitrsh, Elliull. — (f) Stem running over
small shrubs. Leaflets ovate, tapering to a very acute point, very slightly
acuminate: petioles 1-2 inches long. Peduncles 2-4 inches long, with 3-5
flowers at the summit. Lower tooth of tlie calyx longer than the others.
Corolla pale yellow. Keel rather longer than the vexillum. Legume some-
what compressed, a little hairy. Ell. — We have only seen the flowers of this
plant. They are nearly as large as those of the common Pea. Vexillum
very broad. Mr. Nuttall thinks it is distinct from the West Indian species.

7. DOLICHOS. Linn. ; Benth. comm. Leg. gen. p. 49.

Calyx with 2 bracteoles at the base, campanulate, more or less bilabiate ;
the upper lip 2-cleft or 2-toothed, rarely entire ; lower lip 3-cleft or 3-toothed.
Vexillum furnished near the base of the limb with 2-4 callosities: keel more
or less falcate. Style not compressed: stigma terminal. Legume compressed.
Seeds oval, more or less compressed ; hilum small, oval. — Herbaceous or
suffrutescent usually twining plants. Pedicels 1-2 together.

1. D. multijlorus: perennial; stem twining, pubescent ; leaves orbicular,
with a very short acumination, when young velvety-pubescent, in the adult
state almost glabrous ; racemes axillary, densely spiked, many-flowered, about
as long as the petioles; upper lip of the calyx entire; lateral teeth short and
obtuse ; lowest one longest, lanceolate; vexillum obovate, with minute linear
callosities ; keel scarcely falcate ; legume broad, straight, much compressed,
obtuse, 4-5-seedcd.

AUuvial banks of the Oconee River, Georgia, Dr. Boykin ! Arkansas,
Dr. Leavenworth ! June-July. — Stem 5-10 feet long, retrorsely pubescent
Leaflets longer than the petioles, 2-3 (and sometimes 5-6) inches in diameter,
often wider than long. Stipules minute, lanceolate. Racemes pedunculate,
elongated, 20-30-flowered, many of the flowers abortive : pedicels fasciculate
about one lino in length. Vexillum and wings purple and striated internally
Keel nearly white. Legume 2-2J inches long, and half an inch wide, nearly
glabrous when mature, rounded at the summit, with a short incurved point.
Seeds separated by cellular partitions, oval, purplish brown, compressed.

8.? ERYTHRINA. Linn, s Lam. ill. t. 608; W. ^ Am. prodr. Jnd. Or.

1. p. 260.

Calyx tubular or tubular-campanulate, truncate, or bilabiate, or spathaceous.
Corolla with a very long lanceolate or obovate vexillum, without callosities at
the base, much larger than the very small wings and keel. Stamens straight,
nearly as long as the vexillum, diadelphous or more or less monadelphous.
Style straight, glabrous. Legume (indehiscent ?) stipitate, elongated, torulose,
several-seeded, compressed between the seeds, which are rather distant,

36

282 ^''PS' LEGUMINOS^. Apios.

pointed with the indurated subulate style. — Trees or shrubs, rarely herbace-
ous plants; the stem and petioles often prickly. Leaves pinnately trifolio-
late. Stipules small, free from the petiole : partial stipules gland-like. Ra-
cemes elongated : pedicels usually two or three together.

Mr. Bentham, who suspects tlie legume of Erythriiia tobe indehiscent, inclines to
separate it, with Mucuiia and Butea, as a subtribe. We have not examined the ma-
ture fruit.

"7 1. E. herbacea (Linn.) : branches herbaceous, somewhat prickly, rising
from a very thick subterranean trunk or cormus ; leaflets broadly rhomboidal
and somewhat hastately 3-lobed, mostly glabrous; racemes terminal; calyx
truncate, obscurely toothed or nearly entire; vexillum lanceolate, 4 or 5 times
longer than the calyx; keel-petals (distinct) and wings scarcely exserted ; sta-
mens monadelphous with the sheath entire at the base, thence diadelphous. —
Walt. Car: p. ISO ; IVllld. sp. 3. p. 912 ; Bot. mag. t. 887 ; Michx. ! fl. 2.
p. 61 ; Nutt. gen. 2. p. 92 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 190 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 411. Co-
rallodendron, &c., Trew. ehret. t. 58 ; Catesb. Car. t. 49.

In rich light soil, S. Carolina and Georgia ! to Florida ! and Louisiana.
March-May. — Cormus irregular, often branched, frequently rising a httle
above the surface of the ground, " yellow and esculent," Dr. Boykin. Stems
2-4: feet high, with a short hooked prickle at the base of the petioles, which
are also a little prickly. Racemes very long and spicate : the flowers deep
scarlet, 2 inches long. Seeds about the size of the common bean, bright
scarlet.

E. Corallodendron stands in Muhlenberg's Catalogue as a doubtful native of
Florida. No other writer has noticed it as a native of the United States.

2. Leaves pinnately b-lb-foliolate, exstipellate.

9. APIOS. Boerh.; MoencJi, meth. p. 165 ; Nutt. gen. 2. p. 113.

Calyx campanulate, obscurely bilabiate ; the upper lip of 2 very short round-
ed teeth ; the lower lip with the lateral teeth nearly obsolete, the inferior one
lanceolate-subulate and longer. Vexiflum very broad, with a longitudinal
fold in the centre, reflexed : keel long, falcate, and with the stamens and
style at length spirally twisted. Stigma emarginate. Legume rather terete,
slightly falcate, many-seeded. — A perennial twining nearly glabrous herb.
Root bearing numerous edible tubers. Leaves 5-7-foliolate, minutely stipu-
late. Racemes axillary, sometimes compound: pedicels short, 3 or 4 together
on approximated knobs. Calyx with 2 minute caducous bracteoles at the
base. Flowers brownish-purple.

J\ 'A. tuberosa (Moench, 1. c.)—Pursh, fl. 2. p. 273 ; Nutt. I c. ; Ell. sk. 2.
p. 235 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 390. Glycine Apios, Liim. ; Bot. mag. t. 1198 ;
Michx.! Jl. 2. ;p. 83; Hook. ! jl. Bor.-Avi. 1. p. 161; Darlingt.fi. Cast.
p. 428.

a. nearly glabrous ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate.

P. pubescent ; leaflets lanceolate, acuminate. — A. pubescens, Nutt. mss.

Moist shady places, Canada ! to Florida ! west to Missouri ! P. Woods of
the Rocky Mountains, Nuttall. July. — Stem slender, scabrous* Racemes
dense, shorter than the leaves. Flowers odorous.

Rhynchosia. LEGUMINOSiE. 283

10. WISTARIA. Nutt. gen. 2. p. 115 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 3S9.

Thyrsanthus, Elliotl.

Calyx campanulato, somewhat bilabiate ; upper lip of 2 short teeth ; lower
of 3 triangular-lanceolate teeth. Vexillum with 2 callosities decurrent along
the claw : keel and wings falcate. Legume nearly terete, torulose, stipitate
many-seeded. Seeds reniform. — Twining shrubby plants. Stipules minute.
Racemes large, axillary and terminal, with large colored deciduous bracts.
Flowers lilac-colored, beconaing resupinate by the twisting of the pedicels
after flowering.

1. W. frufescena (DC.) : younger shoots pubescent, at length glabrous ;
wings with 2 auricles ; ovary glabrous ; leatlets ovate-lanceolate, acute.
— DC. prodr. 2. p. 390. W. speciosa, Nutt. I. c. Glycine frutescens, Linn. ;
Michr. ! ft. 2. p. 63 ; Sims. bat. mag. t. 2103. Apios frutescens, Pursh,
fl. 2. p. 474. Thyrsanthus frutescens, Ell. sk. 2. p. 237.

0. macrostachxja: leaflets elliptical-lanceolate ; raceme very long and
flowers large; calyx lanuginous, glandular. — W. macrostachya, Null. mss.

Damp rich alluvial soils, Virginia ! to Florida ! Illinois, Michaiuv ! p. Lou-
isiana, j\f. Teinturier fide Nuttall. April.-May. — Stem long, climbing
over bushes and small trees. Leaves 6-8 inches long ; leatlets 4-6 pairs, 1-2
inches long, slightly pubescent. Racemes oblong, 3-6 inches long (often
9 inches in 13.) and about two inches in diameter, before the expansion of
the flowers appearing like aments, from the conspicuous bracts. Pedicels
3-4 lines long. Calyx pubescent, often purplish ; upper lip very obtuse and
obscurely 2-toothcd : teeth of the lower lip much shorter than the tube. Vex-
illum nearly orbicular ; callosities broad and free at the apex. Wrings as
long as the keel ; the auricle on the upper side subulate, almost as long as the
claw ; inferior one very short. Keel-petals cohering at the summit, each
furnished with a long subulate tooth at the base of the limb. — A highly orna-
m«ntal plant, now common in gardens.

Subtribe 2. Rhyncmcsie^e, Benth. — Ovary 1-2-ovuled. Inflorescence ax-
illary: flowers solitary or racemose, with the pedicels seldom aggregated.
Vexillum usually biappendiculate at the base. Upper portion of the style
usually indurated.

IL RHYNCHOSIA.* {Lour.1) DC. (parfly); IF. ^ Am. prodr. Ind.

Or. 1. p. 238.

Arcyphyllum, £«.— Glycine, ^TuU. ; H. B. if- K.

Calyx ebracteolate, somewhat bilabiate, with the lower lip 3-parted, and
the upper bifid and about equal to the lower ; or deeply and almost equally
4-parted (rarely 5-parted) nearly to the base, the upper segment 2-cleft. Co-
rolla deciduous : vexillum without callosities : keel falcate. Style glabrous.

♦ From a remark in Mr. Bentliam's late memoir, De Les^uminosnrnm generihus,
p. 49, we perceive that E. Meyer considers the orif^inal Rhynchosia of Loureiro to
be different from the Rhvnchosia of De CandoUe ; and he has therefore applied the
name of Copisma to the latter. But if this view be correct, the name Arcyphyllum
of Elliott has the priority.

284 LEGUMINOS^. Rhynchosia.

Legume obliquely ovate or oblong, often falcate, compressed, 1-2-seeded.
Seeds commonly more or less carunculate. — Usually twining or trailing
perennial herbs, or rarely shrubby plants. Leaves pinnately trifoliolate,
sometimes reduced to a single leaflet, commonly sprinkled (especially be-
neath) with resinous atoms. Flowers yellow, racemose, sometimes solitary.

§ 1. Calyx (marcescent) soviewhat bilabiate, deeply A-cleft ; segments
subulate, the lowest one longest: hilum and caruncidus small: stem
Ucining. — Eurhyncosia, Am.

1. R. Caribcea (DC): slightly pubescent; stipules setaceous; leaflets
roundish-rhombic, rather acute, membranaceous, nearly glabrous above,
dotted with resinous glands beneath ; racemes filiform, rather longer than
the leaves, 7-15-flowered ; flowers (minute) reflexed, remote ; legumes scimi-
tar-shaped, narrowed at the base, reflexed. — DC. prodr. 2. p. 384. R. mi-
nima, DC. I. c. (according to Nutt.) Glycine Caribaea, '"'■ Jarq. ic. rar. t.
146"; Kunth, syn. 4. jj. 95. G. reflexa, Nutt. gen. 2. p. 115; Ell. sk. 2.
V- 236.

Damp alluvial soils, S. Carolina to Florida, and west to Louisiana ! and
Texas ! — Stem long and slender, climbing over shrubs. Leaflets longer than
the petiole ; the terminal one very broadly and obtusely rhomboidal, about 2
inches wide ; the lateral ones dilated and roundish on the outside. Racemes
3-5 inches long. Calyx about half the length of the expanded corolla: upper
lip cleft half-way down, the sinus obtuse : middle segment of the lower lip
longest. VexiUum obovate, without gibbous projections. Legume f of an
inch long, 2i lines wide. — The Texan plant has smaller leaves and smaller
and less falcate legumes than our specimens from Louisiana.

§ 2. Calyx i-parted nearly to the base, persistent and foliaceous ; seg-
ments linear or oblong-lanceolate, ac^iminate, nearly equal, about the
length of the corolla: legume much longer than the calyx: hilum and
caruncidus small : stem erect, or commonly twining or trailing. —
Arcyphyllum, Ell,

2. i?. menispermoidea (DC.) : stem twining or prostrate, retrorsely pubes-
cent; stipules ovate; leaflet solitary, reniform, canescent beneath; pedun-
cles very short, 1-3-flowered; segments of the calyx lanceolate. DC. in cmn.
sci. nat. 4. p. 102, <^ mem. Leg. t. 55, ^ prodr. 2. p. 384.

Texas, Drummond! — Stem 2-3 feet long, slender, branching from the
base. Leaflets 1-li inch in diameter, pubescent on both surfaces. Racemes
usually shorter than the petioles. Calyx with the upper lip cleft one-third
of the way down. VexiUum obovate, with a very slight callosity near the
base of the limb. "Legume oval-lanceolate, acute, 1-2-seeded scarcely pubes-
cent." DC. — This well-marked species was described by De CandoUe from
specimens sent from Acapulco, Mexico.

3. R. tomentosa : stem angular ; stipules linear-lanceolate ; leaves trifo-
liolate, or sometimes reduced to a single leaflet; leaflets roundish or ovate;
racemes spicate ; legumes oblong, somewhat falcate. — Glycine tomentosa,
Linn.; Willd. sp. 3. p. 1061; Michx. ! f. 2. p. 63.

o. monophylla : pubescent; stem erect, dwarfish (3-6 inches high) ; leaflet
mostly solitary, orbicular or reniform, rugosely veined; racemes axillary or
aggregated at the summit of the stem. — R. reniformis, DC. prodr. 2. p.
384. Trifolium sunpUcifolium, Walt. Car. p. 184. Glycine tomentosa a.

PiTCHERiA. LEGUMINOS^. 285

monophylla, TV/tV/j.r. / I.e. G. reniforrnis, PursJi, f. 2. p. 86. G. mono-
phylla, A'«/^ ^'^'«. 2. p. \\5, not ol' Li trn. G. siiiiplicifolia, A7/. sk. 2. p.
234. Arcyphyllum siinplicifoliuin, Ell. in jour. acad. Pliilad. 1. j). 371.

p. intermedia : pubescent; stem erect; leaves all liifuliolate; leaflets
strongly ruifose, middle one roundiNh, lateral ones ovate.

y. volubili.s\- pubescent; stem twining (2-4 feet long); upper leaves tri-
foliolate ; lowest ones unifoliolale; leaflets roundish or broadly ovate, some-
times rather acute, rugosely veined ; racemes iew-flowered, shorter than the
leaves. — R. dillormis, DC. I. c. Glycine tomentosa p. volubilis, Michx.! I.e.
G. tomentosa, Pumh, I. e. (excl. /?.) ; Null. I. c. ; Ell. sk. I.e.

i.erecta: velvety-pubescent; stem erect (1-2 feet high) ; leaves trifolio-
late ; leaflets oval or oblong, nearly acute, slightly rugose ; racemes usually-
shorter but often longer than the petioles. — R. erecta, DC. I. c. Trifolium
erectum, M'alt. Car. p. 114. Glycine erecta. Null. I.e.; Ell.sk. I.e. G.
tomentosa a. erecta, Mich.v. ! I. c. ; Pursh ! I. c.

£. ? moUissima: velvety-pubescent; (stem erect?) leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets
oval ; racemes elongated (5-7 inches long), many-flowered, terminal. Ell.
— Glycine mollis ^iraa, Ell. I. r.

Dry sandy soils, a. South Carolina! to Florida ! and Alabama ! p. Tampa
Bay, Florida, Dr. Bnrroics ! y. North Carolina! to Georgia. <5. Maryland!
to Florida! and Louisiana ! c. Si. Mary's, Florida, Baldwin. — Leaflets,
particularlv on the lower surface, and the calyx, sprinkled with minute yel-
lowish resinous dots, w^hich are very distinct in the more glabrous varieties,
but are concealed by the pubescence in 6. and probably also in c. Calyx two-
thirds the length of the corolla ; segments lanceolate, strongly veined ; upper
segment deeply 2-cleft. Vexiilum orbicular or broadly obovate, generally
(particularly in y. and i.) with 2 very minute gibbous projections near the
base of the limb. Wings a little longer than the keel. Legume about J of
an inch long and 3 lines Avide. Seeds mottled. — From a careful examina-
tion of an extensive series of specimens, Ave are persuaded that all the varie-
ties described above are merely forms of one species, as indeed they were
regarded by Michaux. The var. monophylla sometimes bears trifoliolate
leaves, and late in the season produces long axillary branches, which are
sometimes twining. The racemes are extremely variable in length; but we
have never seen them so long as they are said to occur in the var. moUissima.

4. R. latifolia (Nutt. ! mss.) : softly hirsute ; stem angular, twining, sti-
pules subulate-lanceolate; leaves trifoliolate; leaflets somewhat rhomboidal,
dilated, u?uallv obtuse ; racemes longer than the leaves, many-flowered ;
flowers rather distant, on very short pedicels; segments of the calvx at length
oblong-lanceolate, acuminate ; vexiilum obovate; legume oval-oblong.

p.l more glabrous ; leaflets smaller, orbicular-obovate, with a short abrupt
acumination. and conspicuously mucronate; racemes about as long as the
leaves; vexiilum orbicular, with minute gibbous projections on the inside.

Forests of Arkansas, Nultall ! Dr. Ijeaveinrorth ! Red River, Louisi-
ana, Dr. Hale ! — Stem 3-4 feet long, clothed with a soft pubescence. Leaf-
lets li inch (in P. scarcely 1 inch) in diameter, canescent, minutely dotted
beneath; the terminal one nearly orbicular; the lateral ones more or less
rhomboidal-ovatc. Raceme 4-8 mches long, 10-14-flowered ; the flowers
scattered, nearly half an inch long. Corolla bright yellow. Legume three-
fourths of an inch long, and one-third of an inch wide. — Scarcely distinct
from an unnamed West Indian species in our herbarium.

12. PITCHERIA. Nutt. in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 93.

Calyx (marcescent) shorter than the corolla, deeply and about equally 4-
cleft, or very slightly bilabiate ; segments subulate, the inferior one a little

286 LEGUMINOSJi:. Pitcheria.

longest ; the upper one bifid at the apex. Corolla deciduous : vexillum (gla-
brous) obovate or nearly orbicular, without callosities, the margins of the
short spurs and of the claw folded in : wings smaller than the keel-petals,
narrowly oblong, somewhat falcate, with a subulate tooth at the base nearly
the length of claw : the keel conspicuous, rounded, a little falcate, rather shorter
than the veKillum. Stamens diadelphous ; the free filament articulated at
the base. Ovary semi-oval, compressed, hairy, 2-ovuled : style filiform, the
lower portion hairy, the upper half indurated : stigma small, subcapitate,
glabrous. Legume oblong, tapering at the base, sessile, several times longer
than the calyx, compressed, 1-2-seeded. Seeds roundish, somewhat carun-
culate. — Erect and rigid perennial herbs, with numerous slender and simple
branches. Leaves small, pinnately trifoliolate, on very short petioles : leaflets
elliptical or oval, the lower surface copiously dotted with resinous atoms.
Stipules minute, setaceous, deciduous. Flowers solitary or nearly so in the
axils of the upper leaves, rather large, "yellow, the vexillum marked with
numerous red lines" {Chapman, in lilt.), on short pedicels.

The genus Pitcheria is very nearly allied to Rhyncbosia, rather than to Galactia,
as will be seen from the detailed cliaracter given above. Indeed, supposing that
genus to comprise the subgenera indicated by Arnolt, we find it nearly impossible
to distinguish Pitcheria by any absolute character. Our plant should also be com-
pared with several species of De Candolle's section (or genus) Eviosema, from
Mexico and Central America, with which it appears to agree in habit, &c. The
genus is dedicated to Dr. Z. Pitcher, late of the United States Army, whose name
so frequently appears as a contributor on the pages of this work.

P. galactoides (Nutt. 1. c.)

a. petioles shorter than the lateral leaflets ; peduncles 1-3-flowered.

p. 7 parvifolia : leaves much smaller, subsessile ; peduncles ]-flowered.

In dry soil, Alabama, Dr. Gates ! Middle Florida, Dr. Chapman !
]V[ay._^Stem about 3 feet high, virgately branched ; the branches angled,
and (as well as the calyx and veins of the leaves) minutely pubescent.
Leaves very numerous, sprinkled beneath with rather conspicuous yellow
dots : petioles 4-5 lines long: leaflets h-'x of an inch in length (in p. smaller),
usually rather obovate-oval, glabrous and someAvhat reticulately veined above ;
the terininal one a little distant from the others ; the lateral ones smaller,
almost sessile. Flowers solitary or in pairs, on pedicels rather shorter than
lire calyx, rising from the axils of the leaves, or in a short 2-3-flowered ra-
ceme. Flowers 5-6 lines long: vexillum partly folded round the other petals :
keel-petals slightly connected, very broad. Mature legumes nearly an inch
long, and \ of an inch wide, pointed with the base of the style, straight
Seeds mottled.— -The specimens of our var. /?., which perhaps belong to a
distinct species, were sent from Alabama by Dr. Gates, and are not very
complete. The leaflets (of the rameal leaves) are only 3 or 4 lines long, and
the petioles being short in proportion, the leaves appear to be nearly sessile. —
The flowers are stated by Nuttall to be red, and they appear reddish in dried
apecimens.

Subtribe 3. Glycineje, Benth.— Ovary with several ovules. Inflores-
cence racemose, with the pedicels often more or less aggregated on small
alternate knobs. Bracteoles very small, often deciduous. Vexillum usually
biappendiculate. Style not indurated. Cotyledons flat, foliaceous in germi-
nation.— Flowers small.

Galactia. LEGUMINOSiE. 287

13. GALACTIA. P. Browne; Michx.fi. 2. p. 61 ; Iie7ilh. Leg. gen. p. 62.

Calyx 4-cleft; segments acute, of nearly equal length, the upper one broad-
est. Vexillum incumbent, without callosities, broad: keel petals slightly
cohering at the apex. Legume compressed, linear, many-seeded. — Twining
or prostrate herbaceous (as are all the N. American species) or somev.liat
shrubby plants. Leaves pinnately trifoliolate (in G. ? EUiottii, pinnate), rarely
reduced to a single leaflet. Racemes axillary, usually loosely-flowered.

- 1. G. glabella (Michx.): stem prostrate, somewhat twining, nearly gla-
brous; leaflet? elliptical-oblong or ovate-obloiij. obtuse, emarginate, glabrous
above, slightly hirsute beneath ; racemes a little longer than the leaves ; flow-
ers approximated, distinctly pedicellate ; calyx nearly glabrous ; lecjumes some-
what hinutc.—Mich.v..' fi. 2. p. 62; Nutt. gen. 2. p. 117; Elt.sk. 2. p.
239; DC. prodr. 2. p. 238.

(j. leaflets ovate, rather acute.

Scerile sandy soils, New-Jersey! to Florida! P. Florida, Dr. Chapman!
Aug.-Sept. — Stem 2-4 feet long, spreading on the ground, or sometimes
twining around other plants. Leaflets variable in size and form, usually about
an inch long and half an inch broad. Racemes at first rather shorter, but at
length somewhat longer than the leaves. Pedicels 2 lines long. Segments
of the calyx acuminate. Corolla reddish-purple. Anthers linear-oblong.
Legume slightly falcate, 4-6-seeded. — The New-Jersey plant is regarded by
Nuttall as a distinct species from Elliott's.

-f-^% G. pilosa (Nutt.) : stem twining, minutely and retrorsely hirsute ; leaf-
lets oblong-ovate, finely hirsute on both surfaces, paler beneath ; racemes
much longer than the leaves ; flowers on short pedicels, scattered and remote ;
legume villous.— Aw<<. gen. 2. p. 116 ?; Ell. sk. 2. p. 238 ; DC. prodr. 2.
p. 237.

/?. MacrcBi : plant very slender and more glabrous; peduncles 4-6 times
longer than the leaves ; flowers distinctly pedicellate. — G. Macrsei, Curtis!
in Host. jour. nat. hist. 1. p. 120, excl. syn. Nutt.

y. ansc'i'if i folia : plant very slender ; stem pubescent; leaflets linear-ob-
long; peduncles 3-4 times longer than the leaves; flowers distinctly pedicel-
late.

Dry sandy soils, North Carolina ! to Florida! west to Louisiana! and Ar-
kansas! 3. N. Carolina, Curtis! S. Middle Florida, Croom ! East Florida,
Lieut. Alden! — Leaflets larger and more acute than in G. glabella; the ra-
cemes much more slender, and the flowers smaUer and scattered along the
peduncle. Anthers linear-oblong.

■^■r- 3. G. mollis (Michx.) : stem prostrate or twining, retrorsely and softly
' pubescent ; leaflets oval, obtuse, canescently villous and paler beneath ; ra-
cemes much longer than the leaves; fascicles of flowern approximated
toward the summii of the peduncle; pedicels ver^' short ; calyx and legumes
very villous.— Mc/ij:. .' ft. 2. p. 61; Nutt. gen. 2. p. Ill 1; Ell. sk. 2. p.
238; DC. prodr. 2. p. 237.

Dry soils, Maryland ! to Florida! August.— Leaflets conspicuously vein-
ed, about an inch long. Peduncles about twice as long as the leaves. Calyx
half as long as the reddish-purple corolla. Anthers oval. Legume straight. —
Differs from the preceding species in being more pubescent, the fascicles of
flowers more approximated, and in the shorter pedicels. The flowers are
scarcely more than half as large as in G. glabella. — Mr. Nuttall refers G. pi-
osa of Elliott to this species; and G. mollis of Michaux he is inclined to re-
gard as a distinct plant from his own of that name, which he proposes to call
G. pallida. G. mollis, Pursh, probably includes two species.

288 LEGUMINOSvE. Galactu.

. ■ 4. G. Flon'dana : prostrate ; whole plant tomentose with a whitish pu-
bescence ; leaflets oval, very obtuse ; racemes a little longer than the leaves ;
fascicles of tlowers approximated ; pedicels half the length of the calyx ;
legume villous.

Sandy places about Tampa Bay, Florida, Dr. Burrows ! — Stem shorter
than in any of the preceding species. Leaflets li inch long, obtuse at each
end, strongly veiny. Calyx less than half the length of the corolla. Petals
pale reddish-purple. Anthers oblong-linear. — Remarkable for the copious
soft whitish pubescence, and also for the size of the flowers, which are larg-
er than those of G. glabella.

.- 5. G. canescens (Benth.) : creeping, somewhat twining, canescent; leaf-
lets broadly ovate, retuse, slightly hirsute above, silky -pubescent beneath ;
peduncles fasciculate, elongated, interruptedly few-flowered; calyx silky-vil-
lous. Benth. I comm. Leg. gen. p. 62.

Texas, Drxmimond! — Leaflets 1^ inch long, and more than an inch wide.
Peduncles slender, some of them abortive and changed into roots. Flowers
small, 2-3 together, often abortive, as is very frequently the case in this ge-
nus.

6. G. spiciformis : stem nearly glabrous ; leaflets ovate-oblong; coriace-
ous, rather acute, indistinctly veined, glabrous above, minutely hirsute be-
neath ; racemes (or spikes) much longer than the leaves ; flowers approxi-
mated and nearly sessile; legume slightly falcate, pubescent.

Key West, Florida, Rev. Alva Bennett ! — Leaflets about U inch long,
and 7-8 lines wide, finely reticulated above ; the veins on the lower surface
much less distinct than in any of the preceding species. Peduncles 3-4
times as long as the leaves, in pairs or solitary. Bracteoles lanceolate.
Calyx nearly glabrous ; segments lanceolate, the lowest one acuminate.
Corolla purphsh-red. Vexillum broadly obovate : wings shorter than the
keel. Anthers linear-oblong. Legume li inch long, 5-6-seeded.

7. G. brachypoda : nearly glabrous ; stem not twining ; leaflets oblong or
linear-oblong, somewhat coriaceous, reticulated, paler beneath, obtuse or
eraarginate ; petioles longer than the leaflets ; racemes shorter than the peti-
oles, few- (4-6-) flowered ; calyx villous.

Dry pine barrens, Middle Florida, Dr. Chapman! — Stem about 2 feet
long, flexuous. Leaflets about 15 lines long, and 3-6 lines wide ; the termiii-
al one with a partial petiole about one-fourth of an inch long : common peti-
ole li inch or more in length. Flowers purphsh, half as large as in G. gla-
bella. Segments of the calyx lanceolate, half as long as the corolla.

, ' S. G. sessili flora: glabrous; stem erect, flexuous; leaflets shorter than
• the petiole, oblong-linear, or linear, somewhat coriaceous, glaucous beneath,
the terminal one subsessile ; racemes very short, sessile.

Middle Florida, Dr. Chapman J Alabama, Dr. Gates .'—Stems some-
times several from one root, about a foot high. Petioles 1-2 inches long.
Leaflets 1-1 ^ inch long, usually about 3-4 lines wide, but sometimes much
narrower. Racemes, or fascicles, 3-5-flowered: pedicels very short. Calyx
brownish, hairy ; segments lanceolate, acute. Petals purplish. Vexillum
nearly orbicular, longer than the other petals. Anthers oblong. Legume
falcate, villous, about an inch long, 4-5-seeded. — A very distinct species, but
allied to G. brachystachys, Benth., of Mexico.

9. G. marginalis (Benth.): suffiuticose ; branches prostrate, somewhat
silky-pubescent, at length glabrous ; leaves 1-foliolate ; leaflet oblong-lanceo-
late or linear, narrowed at the base, coriaceous, glabrous, wuh a marginal
nerve beneath ; peduncles very short, axillary, 1-3 flowered ; calyx pubes-
cent ; segments as long as the tube. Benth. comm. Leg. gen. p. 62.

Clftoria. LEGUMINOS^. 289

Texas, Drummond ! — Branches somewhat ligneous, slender. Leaflets
2-3 inches long. Flowers red, about as large as in G. glabella. Keel fal-
cate, larger than the wings. Legume villous, 1-li inch long. Benih.

§ Upper lip of the calyx ovate, subulate-mncronate : style short and rath-
er thick : Icguine oblong-linear ; leaves unequally pinnate.

9. G.? ElUoltii (Nutt.) : leaflets 3-4 pairs, elliptical-oblong, nearly gla-
brous and lucid above, pubescent beneath; racemes longer than the leaves,
interrupted, few-flowered.— .V«^^ gen. 2. p. 117; Ell, sk. 2. p. 240; DC,
prodr. 2. p. 239. G. pinnata, Muhl. cat. p. 67, not of Pers.

South Carolina, Elliott. Georgia, Le Conle ! Miss E. C. Clay I Near
St. John's, Florida, Mr. Doitbltday ! Pensacola, Mr. F. Cozzens ! May-
July. — Stem long and twining, slightly pubescent. Leaves 4-6 inches long:
leaflets 1-1^ inch long, mostly retuse, finely reticulated. Stipules minute,
subulate. Racemes usually much longer than the leaves ; the flowers 3-4
in a fascicle, rather larger than in G. glabella. Calyx hirsute; upper seg-
ment lanceolate, acuminate, about one-third longer than the lateral ones.
Corolla white tin:ied with red : vexillum orbicular, with scarcely any claw.
Wings and keel-petals equal, oblong ; the former with a subulate tooth at
the base of the limb. Legume about 2 inches long, and 4-5 lines wide,
villous. " Seeds 3-5, reniform, glabrous and speckled." Ell.

Subtribe 4. ClitoriEjE, Benth. — Ovary with several ovules. Inflores-
cence axillary : peduncles 1-2-flowered at the summit, or many-flowered,
with the racemes often somewhat cymose-fasciculate or branching. Bracts
(except in Amphicarpaea) and bracteoles opposite, striate, either one or the
other often large (rarely small or wanting), Vexillum large, not appendicu-
late at the base. — Flowers commonly large.

IL CLITORIA. Linn, (in part) ; GcBrtn. fr. t. 149 ; Benth, conim. Leg^

gen. p. 50,

Calyx tubular, 5-cleft at the summit ; the upper and lateral segments tri-
angular-ovate, acuminate (the upper pair usually united a little higher than the
others), the inferior segment narrower. Vexillum large, somewhat orbicular,
emarginate or bifid, not spurred on the back : keel small, shorter than the
wings, incurved, acute, on very long claws. Stamens monadelphous below
the middle, the tenth filament usually free upwards. Style longitudinally
bearded or hairy, more or less dilated at the apex. Legume stipitate, linear
or linear-oblong, flattish, torulose, pointed with the base of the style, thicken-
ed along the sutures ; the valves nerveless and wingless. — Mostly twininf
perennial herbs. Leaves pinnately 3- (rarely 5-7-) foholate. Stipules some-
what persistent, sometimes striate : partial stipules setaceous. Peduncles
1-2- (or many-) flowered. Bracts similar to the stipules : bracteoles larger.
Flowers very large.

The somewhat cyme-like inflorescence in Clitoria and the allied genera is very
frequently reduced to "2 flowers risins; from the apex of the peduncle : if the exterior
one be suppressed, as is sometimes the case, the solitary flower of course is resupi%.
Tiate, or stands with the keel (instead of the vexillum) looking towards the stem.

37

290 LEGUMINOS^. Centrosema.

1. C.Mariana (Linn.): glabrous; stem somewhat twining or trailing;
leaves 3-foliolate, ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate ; peduncles short, 1-3-
flovvered; bracteoles lanceolate-subulate, much shorter than the calyx, simi-
lar to and scarcely larger than the bracts ; legumes linear-oblong, about 4-seed-
ed, torulose, glabrous.— Tra/^. Car. p. 186 ; WiUd. sp. 3. p. 1070; Michx. !
f. 2. p. 62 ; Nutt.! gen. 2. p. 18 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 240 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 234.

Dry soils, particularly along rivers, New-Jersey ! to Florida and Alabama !
July-Aug.— Stem 2 feet or more in length. Leaflets variable in breadth,
sometimes subcordate at the base. Bracteoles scarcely one-fourth the length
of the calyx. Corolla 2 inches or a little more in length, pale blue. Stipe of
the mature fruit about the length of the peduncle. Legume IJ inch in length.

12. CENTROSEMA. DC. (sub Clitoria) ; Benth. conim. Leg. gen. p. 53.

Calyx short, broadly campanulate, 5-cleft, or 4-cleft by the union of the
two upper segments; the lower segment longest. Vexillum large, broadly
orbicular, with a short obtuse spur behind : keel semi-orbicular, scarcely short-
er than the wings, incurved, obtuse, on very short claws. Stamens mona-
ddphous or partly diadelphous. Style glabrous, dilated at the apex: stigma
barhulate. Legume nearly sessile, linear, compressed, subulate with the
style, somewhat thickened along the sutures ; the valves marked on each
side with a longitudinal nerve next the margin. — Twining herbs or shrubby
plants. Leaves pinnately 3- (rarely 5-) foliolate. Stipules often persistent,
acuminate or subulate, striate : partial stipules setaceous. Peduncles 1-2-
few-flowered. Lowermost bracts similar to the stipules ; the upper usually
orbicular and clasping : bracteoles larger than and appressed to the calyx.
Flowers very large ; the vexillum pubescent or villous on the outside.

1. C. Virginiana (Benth. \. c): glabrous or somewhat pubescent; stem
very slender, angled, twining; leaves trifoholate; leaflets varying from oblong-
ovate to linear, reticulalely veined ; pe<luncles rather shorter than the leaves,
1-4-flowered ; segments of the calyx Hnear-subulate. much longer than the
tube, somewhat exceeding the ovate acuminate bracteoles, the 2 upper united
at the base ; legumes narrowly linear, very long. — Clitoria Virginiana, Linn.;

Walt. Car. p. 186; Willd. sp. 3. p. 1069; Michx.! fl. 2. p. 62; Ell. sk. 2.
p. 240; DC. I. c. C. trifolius, flore minora &c., Dill. hort. Elth. t. 76. C.
calcarigera, Salish. par ad. Lond. t. b\.

Dry soils, Virginia! to Florida ! and Louisiana! July-Aug.— Leaflets thin
but rather firm in texture, scabrous-pubescent with minute uncinate hairs,
or glabrous, variable in breadth. Bracteoles and calyx pubescerit with mi-
nute uncinate hairs. Flowers scarcely half the size of those of Clitoria Mari-
ana: corolla violet, pubescent externally. Legume nearly 6 inches long,
2-3 lines wide, subulate with the slender persistent style.— It appears from a
specimen examined by Mr. Bentham, that the upper segments of the calyx
are occasionally connate above the middle ; but this is not the case in any of
our specimens.

2. C. Plmnieri (Benth.) : stem frutescent, the branches puberulent ;
leaflets broadly ovate, with a short obtuse acumination, broadly rounded at
the base, rather coriaceous, glabrous ; pejluncles 2-3-flowered, shorter than
the petiole; bracteoles coriaceous, obtuse, entire, about twice the length of
the calyx ; upper segments of the calyx very short; legume thick (6 inches
long, about 6 lines broad). Benth. comm. Leg. gen. p. 54. Clitoria Plu-
mieri, Turpin, in Pers. sy7i. 2. p. 303 ; Bot. reg. t. 268; DC. I.e.; Nutt.
gen. I. c?

Amphicarpjea. LEGUMINOS^. 291

Around New Orleans, Nuttall. — "Corolla large, sericeous ; keel particu-
larly tomentose. Legume very long and narrow." Nittt. — C Plumieri is a
South American and i:*erhaps VV'est Indian species: if the plant of Mr. Nut-
tall be really the same, it is probably introduced. We have taken the spe-
cific character from Bentham.

13. AMPIIICARP^A.* Ell in jour. acad. Philad. 1. p. 372 ; Nutt.
gen. 2. p. 213 ; DC. mem. Leg., <^ prodr. 2. p. 383.

Flowers of two kiuds ; those of the upper many-flowered racemes perfect
and petaliferous, but seldom maturing fruit ; those near the base of the stem
or on prostrate branches imperfect, but usually fertile. Perkect Fl. Calyx
tubular-campauulate, about equally 4-toothed (the two upper teeth being
united; sometimes 5-toothed), ebractcolate and slightly gibbous at the base.
Vexillum broadly obovate-oblong, subsessile, slightly auricled at the base, in-
cumbent and partly folded round the other petals: keel and wing-petals simi-
lar, nearly straight, a little shorter and much narrower than the vexillum, on
very long claws, the lamina oblong, that of the wing-petals with a very small
callous or saccate spur at the base. Stamens diadelphous. Ovary 4-ovuled
raised on a short stipe which is surrounded by a fleshy sheathing disk : style
filiform, glabrous : stigma smaU, capitate. Legume linear-oblong, compressed,
somewhat scimitar-shaped, 3-4-seeded. Lmperfect or ApetalousFl. Calyx
nearly as in the petaliferous flowers. Petals none, or with the rudiment of
a vexillum. Stamens either wanting, or often 5-10, shorter than the ovary,
three or four of them with p rfect anthers, the others rudimentary : filaments
distinct. Ovary nearly sessile, shorter than the calyx, 1-3-ovuled, tipped
with a very short recurved style, elongating and protruded beyond the calyx
after impregnation. Legumes obovate or pyiiform, 1-2-seeded. usuaUy ma-
turing beneath the surface of the ground. — Annual twining or sarmentose
herbs. Stems slender, much branched, retiorsely pubescent or hirsute with
brownish hairs. Leaves pinnately trifoliolate : leaflets rhombic-ovate, mi-
nutely stipeUate. Stipules striate, similar to the bracts. Racemes of the
petaliferous flowers solitary or in pairs, often somewhat compound, with the
flowers clustered or in pairs from the axils of the bracts : the bracts per-
sistent, orbicular, partly clasping, appressed, alternate (but each formed by
the union of the pair). Inflorescence of the imperfect or radical flowers
similar, but with the filiform peduncles few-flowered, and the bracts distinct

This genus is manifestly correctly referred by Bentham to his subtribe Clitorieae ;
although thepeculiar inflorescence which appears to exist in the whole group is some-
what masked by the apparently alternate bracts (a deviation, however, wliicii is evi-
dently caused by the union of each pair of bracts into one) ; but in A. moiuiica the
vexillum is sliglitly appendiculate at the base, with the margins of the auricles fold
ed in, and the upper portion of the style is somewhat indurated, as in Euphaseoleae.

1. A. Tnonoica : racemes of the petaliferous flowers nodding; teeth of the
calyx short and broad, somewhat triangular; bracts shorter than the pedi-

• This genus was established under the name of Amphicarpa, which De Can-
dolle, for the sake of a substantive termination, changed to AmphicarpcEa.

292 LEGUMINOS^. Agati.

eels. — A. monoica & sarmentosa, Ell. I. c, ^ sk. 2. p. 233 ; NtiU. ! I. c. ;
DC. I. c; Darlingt. ft. Cest. p. 427. Glycine monoica, comosa, & bracte-
ata, Linn.; Willd.sp. 3. p. 1058 (also G. sarmentosa); Pursh, fl. 2. p.
485. G. monoica, Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 64 ; Bigel. fl. Bast. p. 276. Crypto-
lobus Americanus & sarmentosus, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 218.

Woodlands and thickets, Canada ! to Florida ! and New-Orleans ! west
to Red River, Louisiana! Aug.-Sept. — Stems very slender, 3-6 or 8 feet
m lenc^th, retrorsely pubescent or villous. Leaflets glabrous or more or less
hairy, rhombic-ovate or sometimes rather oblong-ovate, a little oblique. Ra-
cemes short, on filiform peduncles : bracts somewhat pubescent, rhombic-
orbicular. Flowers pale purple or violet, or nearly white. Legumes of the
upper racemes nearly glabrous (except the sutures) •, seeds rather reniform,
dark purple. Hypogffian legumes hairy : " seeds ol a motley reddish-brown."
JDarlhigt. — A. sarmentosa is the more prostrate form, bearing few petali-
ferous flowers.

2. A. Pitcheri : racemes of the petaliferous flowers mostly branching ;
teeth of the calyx (sometimes 5) lanceolate-subulate, nearly as long as the
tube; bracts very broad, silky-canescent, rather longer than the pedicels.

Red River, Arkansas, Dr. Pitcher ! — Stem, petioles, and peduncles dense-
ly hirsute with brownish reflexed hairs. Leaves broadly rhombic-ovate, acute.
Bracts large, much broader than wide. Vexillum obscurely auricled at the
base. Claws of the wings and keel scarcely longer than the lamina. Ovary
4-ovuled. Fruit not seen. — We know not whether this species produces
apetalous flowers.

Tribe III. GALEGEiE. Bronn. (partly)

Corolla papilionaceous (or otherwise irregular). Stamens diadel-
phous (9 & 1), or sometimes monadelphous. Legume continuous, de-
hiscent, 1-celled, several. seeded (rarely with transverse celhdar parti-
tions between the seeds, hut never separating into joints) ; or 1-2-seed-
ed and indehiscent. Radicle incurved or inflexed. — Erect herb?, shrubs,
or trees. Leaves usually unequally pinnate, seldom stipellate. Inflo-
rescence axillary or terminal, racemose or spicate.

1. Leaves abruptly pinnate.

All the N. American genera of this section (except Glottidium) have the legumes
contracted between the seeds, which are separated by transverse cellular partitions ;
they are not, however, truly jointed, as in HedysarcK, to which they nearly ap-
proach. They should perhaps be excluded from this tribe.

14. AGATL Adans.; Rheede, Malah. t. 51; W. <^ Am. prodr. Lid. Or.

2. p. 215.

Calyx carapanulate, truncate, slightly bilabiate ; the upper lip with 2, the
under With 3 short obtuse broad teeth. Vexillum oval-oblong, shorter than
the oblong wings: keel large, falcate, obtusely acuminate, its petals distinct
at the base and apex. Stamens diadelphous, slightly protruded ; the sheath
with large auricles at the base. Legume attenuated at the base into a short
stipe, linear, elongated, a little compressed, many-seeded, much contracted
and with transverse partitions between the seeds, but not jointed. Seed
Qval. — Small trees of rapid growth and short duration. Leaves abruptly

Daubentonia. LEGUMINOS^. 293

pinnate, with numerous leaflets. Stipules lanceolate, caducous. Racemes
axillary, 2-4-flo\vered. Flowers very large. Legumes pendulous, a toot or
more long.

A. grandijlora (Desv.)— If', f Ar7i. I. c.

a. albijlora: flowers white. W. f Am. I. c.—A. grandiflora, DC. prodr.
2, p. 2(36, iEschynomene grandiflora, Linn.

(i. coccinea : flowers red. \V. d^ Am. I. c. — A. coccinea, Desv. ; DC. I. c.
.ffischynomene coccinea, lAnn.

Southern Florida Dr. Perrine! Key West, Mr. Bennett! Doubtless
introduced : originally natives of the East Indies.— Flowers 3-4 inches long,
very showy.

15. SESBANIA. Pers.; Desv. jour. hot. 3. t. 4; DC. prodr. 2. p. 264.

Species of ^schynomene, Linn.

Calyx with 2 caducous bracteoles at the base, campanulate, 5-toothed ; the
teeth nearly equal. Vexillum larger than the keel, roundish, with one or two
adnate callous slightly folded appendages on its claw : keel obtuse, the petals
distinct at the base. Stamens diadelphous, the sheath slightly auricled at
the base. Legume linear, very long and slender, cylindrical or compressed,
many-seeded, much contracted and with transverse partitions between the
seeds, but not truly jointed. Seeds cylindrical-oblong, with a little albumen.
— Shrubs or herbs. Leaves abruptly pinnate, with numerous leaflets; the
petioles ending in a setaceous point. Stipules small, caducous. Peduncles
1-several-flowered: flowers usually yellow,

1. S. macrocarpa (Muhl.) : herbaceous, annual, glabrous ; leaflets linear-
elliptical (15-25 pairs), obtuse, mucronulate, slightly glaucous beneath ; ra-
cemes 1-4-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; legume compressed, somewhat
■quadrangular (8-12 inches long), subulate with the narrowly cnsiformbase of
the style.— Muhl. cat. p. 68 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 265 ; Null. gen. 2. p. 112; Bart.
Ji. Am. Sept. 1. p. 99, t. 28 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 265.

Wet places, S. Carolina, Louisiana! Arkansas! and Texas! Aug.-Oct.
— Stem 2-4 (-12, Ell.) feet high. Leaves 6-12 inches long. Corolla yel-
lowish, dotted with purple externally : vexillum reflexed. Legume about 2
lines wide; the margins nearly even (not narrowed between the seeds).

16. DAUBENTONIA. DC. mem. Leg., f prodr. 2. p. 267.

Calyx campanulate, somewhat truncate, with 5 minute teeth. Vexillum
roundish, stipitate : keel very obtuse. Stamens diadelphous, with the free
stamen and the sheath as if geniculate at the base. Style filiform, glabrous.
Legume on a long stipe, oblong, compressed, coriaceous [indehiscent], Avith
4 wings rising from the margins of the valves and produced beyond the
sutures, the seeds separated by transverse partitions.— Mexican shrubs. Sti-
pules oblong. Leaves abruptly pinnate. Racemes simple. DC.

1. D. longifolia? (DC): leaflets 11-12 pairs; racemes rather shorter
than the leaf. DC. I. c. — .^schynomene longifolia, Cav. ic. 4. t. 315. Pisci-
dia longifolia, Willd.

294 LEGUMINOS/E. Robinia.

Texas, Driimmond ! — Not being able at present to consult the figure of
Cavanilles, we are in doubt whether the Texan plant be the D. longifolia, DC.
The leaflets are for the most part obtuse and mucronate. The keel, moreover,
is not " very obtuse", and the seeds are subglobose.

17. GLOTTIDIUM. Desv.jour. hot. 3. p. 119, t.l; DC. prodr. 2. p. 266.

Calyx campanulate, somewhat obliquely truncate, 5-toothed; teeth small,
rather obtuse, nearly equal. Vexillum reniform, very short and broad, slightly
unguiculate: wings oval-oblong: keel-petals coherent above the middle.
Stamens diadelphous. Style short, incurved at the summit. Legume ellip-
tical-oblong, compressed, acute at each end, stipitate, cuspidate with the
style, l-celled, 2-valved, 2-seeded ; valves at length separating into an exte-
rior rather coriaceous membranous portion, and an internal membrane which
encloses the seeds. Seeds compressed, transversely oblong : radicle thick,
inflexed. — An annual glabrous herb. Leaves abruptly pinnate, with nume-
rous leaflets; the petiole ending in a bristle : primordial leaves simple, ovate.
Racemes axillary, few-flowered. Flowers small, yellow.

G. Floridanum (DC. 1. c.) — Robinia vesicaria, Jacq. ic. rar. 1, t. 148.
Phaca Floridana, Willd. sp. 3. p. 1252. Sesbania platycarpa, Pers. syn. 2.
p. 316; Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 112. S. disperma, Pursh, fl. 2. p. 485. S. vesi-
caria. Ell. sk. 2. p. 222. ^schynomene platycarpa, Michx. ! jl. 2. p. 75.

Damp soils, S. Carolina to Florida I Louisiana! and Texas! Aug.-Sept.
— Plant 4-6 feet high. Leaflets linear-oblong, mucronate. Peduncles fili-
form, shorter than the leaves, 4-8-flowered. Calyx very short. Legume
about 2 inches long, on a slender stipe ; the outer coriaceo-membranaceous
portion at length falling away, leaving the seeds enclosed in the thin white
inner membrane.

2. Leaves unequally pinnate (in Psoralea various).

A. Corolla truly papilionaceoiis : Jloiccrs in racemes.

18. ROBINIA. Linn, (in part) ; DC. mem. Leg. p. 273, ^ prodr. 2. p. 261.

Calyx short and somewhat campanulate, 5-toothed or 5-cleft ; the 2 upper
segments shorter, approximated or cohering. Vexillum broad and large :
keel obtuse. Stamens diadelphous, deciduous. Style bearded along the in-
side (next the free stamen). Legume many-seeded, compressed, nearly ses-
sile, the seminiferous suture margined ; valves flat and thin. Seeds flat. —
Trees or shrubs (N. American), usually bearing stipular spines. Leaves
unequally pinnate : leaflets petiolulate, stipellate. Flowers showy, white or
rose-color, in simple usually pendant axillary racemes. — Locust-tree.

1. R. Pseudacacia (Linn.) : branches virgate, armed with stipular prickles ;
racemes loose, droopmg, and (with the legumes) smooth; leaflets ovate and
oblong-ovate.— Lam. ill. t. 606 ; Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 65 ; Pursh, Jl. 2. p. 487 ;
EU. sk. 2. p. 242 ; Michx. f. sylv. 2. p. 1, t. 76 ; DC. I. c. ; Darlingl. fl.
Cest. p. 410. Pseudacacia, Tourn. inst. t. 417.

Fertile soils, particularly west of the Alleghany Mountains to Arkansas!
not indigenous north of Pennsylvania, or near the sea-coast in the Southern
States. May-June. — Tree 20-70 or 90 feet high: wood yellowish, compact

Tepiirosia. LEGUMINOS^. 295

and very durable. Leaflets 4-8 pairs, with minute rigid setaceous partial
stipules. Racemes 3-5 inches long. Flowers as larire as a Pea-blossom,
Aviiite, fragrant. Legumes 2-3 inches long, about half an inch wide, 4-6-seed-
ed. — Common Locust-tree.

2. 7?. v/.s-co.s-a (Vent.) : stipular spines very short ; branchlets, petioles, and
legumes glandular-viscid; leaflets ovate; racemes crowded.— Tf-J^^. hort.
Cels. t.i. Dnham. arh. 2, t. 17 ; ;V/r/(.r. / Jl. 2. p. 65; Ell. I. c. ; Michx.f.
sylv. 2. J). 15, t. 77 ; DC. I. r. 11. slutinosa, Bot. mag. t. 560.

Mountains of Georgia and Carolina. May-June.— Tree 20-40 feet high.
Leaflets 5-7 pairs. Racemes rather ovate. Bracts lanceolate, with a long
setaceous point, caducous. Flowers white tinged with rose-color, inodorous.
Legumes linear-lanceolate, 2-3 inches \or\g.— Clavimy Locust.— R. dubia,
Drsv. jour. bot. (DC. I. c.) is doubtless, as De CandoUe suspects, a garden
hybrid between this species and R. Pseudacacia.

3. f{. hispida (Linn.): stipular spines scarcely any ; racemes (loose),
branchlets, calyx, and legumes hispid.— Ca/es6. Car. t. 20 ; Michx.! ft. 2. p.
65 ; Bot. mag. t. 311 ; Pursh, ft. 2. p. 487; Ell. I. c; DC. I. c. R. mon-
tana, Bartr. R. rosea, Duham,. arb. 2, t. 18.

/?. rosfa (Pursh, 1. c.) : leaflets mostly scattered ; branchlets and petioles
not hispid.— R. hispida, var. rosea. Ell. I. c. 7 R. hispida y. macrophylla, DC.1

J. 7?o«a (Ell. 1. c): plant scarcely a foot high.

Mountains of Georgia ! and S. Carolina, /j. High mountains of Virginia
and Carolina, Pursh. y. Pine barrens, near Columbia, S. Carolina, Elliott.
April-May.— Shrub 4-8 feet high (or in cultivation larger) : young branches
reddish, very hispid. Leaflets oval or roundish, 5-6 pairs. Flowers about
twice the size ot those of R. Pseudacacia, deep rose-color, inodorous. — The
R. hispida, var. rosea of Elliott is said to have spiny stipules, and the branch-
lets, petioles, and lower surface of the leaves pubescent. Can it be a form of
R. viscosa 1

19. TEPHROSIA. Pers. syn. 2. p. 328 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 248.

Calyx without bracteoles, about equally 5-toothed or 5-cleft. Vexillum
large, roundish, spreading or reflexed, usually silky or pubescent on the out-
side: keel obtuse, cohering with the wings. Stamens monadelphous or
sometimes diadelphous ; the tenth filament sometimes half united with the
others. Style filiform, bearded longitudinafly, or glabrous : stigma terminal.
Legume commonly sessile and much compressed, linear, many-seeded ;
valves usually flat. Seeds compressed.— Shrubby or herbaceous plants,
erect or procumbent, silky-villous. Leaves unequally pinnate (rarely reduced
to a single leaflet). Stipules free from the petiole, lanceolate or subulate,
never sagittate. Racemes terminal or opposite to the leaves, or axillary.
Flowers white or purplish.

The North American species are all herbaceous plants; with the lobes of the
calvx broad at the base and acuminated; the style longitudinally bearded on the
inside ; and the legumes more or less hispid, villous, or velvety : they belong to the
section Brisso\ia, DC. : but the stamens are mostly diadelphous.

§ 1. Peduncles a.rillary, \-2-ftowered^ often fascicled^ aggregated at the
summit of the stem into a crowded raceme or panicle.

1. T. Virginiana (Pel's.) : villous-pubescent; stem erect ; leaves subses-
sile; leaflets 8-14 pairs, linear-oblong or elliptical, obtuse or rather acute,

296 LEGUMINOSJS. Tephrosia.

mucronate, silky-villous beneath, minutely silky-pubescent above ; raceme
oblong, sessile; calyx very villous, the segments acuminate-cuff idate, about
the length of the tube.— Pers. syn. 2. p. 329 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 245 ; Nutt. !
gen. 2. p. 119; DC. 1. c. ; Hook. f. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 139. Galega Virginia
ana, Linn.; Mlch.x.! fl. 2. p. 67.

0. glabra (Nutt. mss.): •'leaflets nearly glabrous when old."
y.holosericea: stem and raceme densely villous; leaflets very silky-pubes-
cent on both sides, often sublanceolate and rather acute.— T. holosericea,
Nutt. in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 105.

Dry sandy soil, Canada! to Florida! and the western part of Louisiana!
^.Georgia, Nuttall. j'. Arkansas, Nuttall, Dr. Pitcher! Illinois, Mr.
Buckley! June-July. Stems simple, 1-2 feet high, growing in patches,
clothed with a whitish villous pubescence. Flowers large. Corolla dull yel-
low tinged with purple: keel-petals very broad. Legumes 2 inches long,
somewhat falcate, villous. — Mr. Nuttall remarks that the wings are calcaiate
at the base as in Indigofera ; but we do not observe this.— Our Arkansan
specimen of Avhat is doubtless T. holosericea, Nutt. has a somewhat diiferent
aspect, and the leaflets are mostly inclining to lanceolate; but the specimen
from Illinois manifestly connects it with the ordinary form of T. Virginiana.

§ 2. Peduncles (few) terminal or opposite to the leaves.

2. T. onohryclioides (Nutt.): pilose with someAvhat rusty hairs; stem
mostly erect and simple; leaves subsessile ; leaflets 8-12 pairs, cuneate-ob-
long, obtuse or retuse, mucronulate, silky-hirsute beneath with brownish
hairs, at length smoothish above ; raceme very long, many-flowered (com-
monly only terminal) ; teeth of the calyx triangular, shorter than the tube,
the lowest subulate and longer than the others ; legumes puberulent. — Nidt!
in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 104.

Plains uf Arkansas, Nuttall! Dr. Pitcher! Red River, Louisiana, Dr.
Hale !—Qtem 2-3 feet high, stout. Leaflets often U inch or more in length,
and half an inch Avide. Stipules subulate, caducous. Raceme 1-2 leet
long, bearing flowers for the greater part of its length: pedicels 2-4 together
on alternate nodes, very short. Calyx villous-hispid. Corolla red mixed
with white. — Very nearly allied to the succeeding species. The pubescence
is sometimes rusty-colored, and sometimes whitish.

3. T.spicata: pilose-hispid with rusty hairs ; stem decumbent ornearly
erect, scarcely branched ; leaves subsessile ; leaflet* 4-7 pairs, oval or oblong^
often slightly cuneale at the base, obtuse or slightly tmarginate, mucronate,
silky-villous beneath, minutely silky-pubescent above ; peduncles long, few-
flowered ; segments of the calyx lanceolate-subulate, longer than the tube ;
legumes minutely hispid.— T. paucifolia, Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 119 ; Ell. sk. 2.
p. 246; DC. I. c. T. hispida, DC. I.e.? Galega spicata, Walt. Car. p.
188. G. villosa, Michx.! f. 2. p. 67. G. paucilolia, Curtis, in Bost.jour.
nat. Jiist. 1. p. 121.

Dry soils, Virginia! to Florida! west to the Mississippi! June-Aug. —
Stem about 2 feet long, rather slender. Leaves often few and remote, 4-5
or often more, on each stem : leaflets an inch long. Stipules lanceolate, rather
persistent. Peduncles 8-12 or 18 inches long. 3-6- (rarely 8 or 10-) flower-
ed: pedicels sohtary or in pairs, shorter than the flowers. Calyx hispid; the
lower segment a little longest. Corolla purplish-red. Legume 2 inches
long, slightly falcate. — A very common plant in the Southern States ; and
doubtless the Galega spicata of Walter.

4. T. hispidula (Pursh) : stem erect or procumbent, slender, dichotomous,
slightly pubescent; leaflets 5-9 pairs, elliptical-oblong or linear-oblong, gla^
brous above, hirsute beneath, usually more or less acute, often retuse, con--

Glycyrrhiza. LEGUMINOS.T:. 297

spicuously mucronate \ the lowest pair rather di^laiit from the base of the
petiole; racemes as lons^ as the leaves, at length elon-^ated, few-Howered ;
peduncles usually ancipilal; teeth of the calyx lriani,ailar-lanceolate, short ;
legume nearly straight or slightly falcate, minutely hispid.— 7-*'<r.sV(, fl. 2. p.
489; Ell. sk. 2. p. 245; DC. prodr. 2. p. 250. Galega hispidu a, Mich.v. !
k. 2. p. 68 ; Curtis .' in Bost. jour. nat. hist. 1. p. 121. T. gracilis, Nutt.
gen. 2. p. 119; DC. I.e.

0. hirsute with short spreading hairs; IcaHets large, cuneate-oblong; le-
gumes pubescent and whitish.— Galega ambigua, Curtis ! I. c.

y. erect, very hirsute with rusty spreading hairs, scarcely branched ; leaf-
lets 6-8 pairs, linear or linear-lanceolate, reflexed ; the terminal one much the
longest, with a strong marginal vein ; peduncle much longer than the leaves.
— T. flexuosa. Chapman ! mss.

<5. erect, nearly glabrous; leallets 2-3 pairs, linear-lanceolote, slightly hir-
sute beneath, the terminal one much the longest ; marginal veins very dis-
tinct.

Dry sandy soils, Virginia to Florida! and Alabama! /?. North Carolma,
Curtis! y. Middle Florida, Dr. Chapman! i. Alabama, Dr. Gates!
May-August.— Stem 1-2 feet long, usually dichotomous. Leaflets 1-li
inch long (the ter ninal one in y. & -5. nearly 2 inches). Stipules linear-sub-
ulate. Peduncles 3-4-flowered ; 2 of the flowers usually at the summit, and
1-2 remote. Flowers about half an inch long, reddish-purple. Calyx i the
length of the corolla. Vexillinn nearly orbicular. Upper stamen quite free
to the base. Legume 6-12-seeded. Seeds roundish-reniform, dark brown.—
T. elegans, Nutt.* seems to be a form of this difficult and polymorphous
species.

5. T. chrysophylla (Pursh): prostrate, dichotomous, pubescent ; leaves
nearly sessile ; leaflets 2-3 (rarely 4) pairs, cuneate-obovate, very obtuse,
ghbrous above, siluy-hirsute beneath ; peduncles longer than the leaves, usu-
ally 3-flowered ; legume minutely hispid. — Pursh., fl. 2. p. 489; Ell. sk. 2.
p. '247. T. prostrata, Nutt. gen. 2. p. 120 (excl. syn. Michx.) ; DC. prodr.
2. p. 250.

' Sandy soils, near Savannah, Nuttall, Mr. Forbes ! Milledgeville, Geor-
gia, Dr. Hnykin! Middle Florida, Dr. Chapman! May-Aug.— Stems
dichotomous, about a foot long ; pubescence spreading or appressed. Leaves
2-3 inches long; leaflets 6-10 lines long, coriaceous ; the lowest pair close to
the base of thiT petiole. Peduncle a little compressed. Flowers as in the
preceding species. Legume 8-10-seeded. — The whole plant has a yellowish
hue. T.'chrysophylla may be best distinguished from the preceding species
by its nearly sessile leaves and broader and fewer leaflets; but even these
characters appear to be not entirely constant; and we have some forms of
which we are in doubt to which species they should be referred.

23. GLYCYRRHIZA. Tourii. ; Linn. ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 247.

Calyx without bracteoles, tubular, gibbous at the base, 5-cleft, bilabiate ;
the 2 upper segments partly united. Vexillum ovate-lanceolate, straight :
keel-petals and wings straight, acute, the former united above. Stamens
diadelphous. Style filiform. Legume ovate or oblong, compressed, often

* T^. elegans ("S ml): decumbent; slightly pubescent ; leaves subsessile ; leaflets
(15-17) oblong-elliptical, rather acute; peduncles filiform, few-flowered, longer than
the leaf; segments of the calyx acuminate. Nutt. in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. lf)5. —
Alabama.— Peduncles produciug a few reddish-purple flowers toward their extremity.
Legume villous.

38

298 LEGUMINOS^. Indigofera.

echinate, dehiscent?, 1-4-seeded. — Perennial herbs : roots sweet. Leaves un-
equally pinnate. Racemes spicate, many-flowered. Flowers white, violet,
or blue. — Liquorice.

1. G. lepidota (Nutt.): leaflets oblong-lanceolate, acute, minutely striijose
with glandular scales beneath; stipules linear-subulate ; spikes pedunculate,
nearly the length of the leaves; bracts lanceolate, acuminate; legumes
densely beset with hooked bristles, 2-6-seeded. — Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 106 ; Bot.
mag. t. 2150 ; DC. I. c. ; Hook. f. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 138.

On the Missouri, from near St. Louis ! and Arkansas ! to Oregon ! and
north to the Saskatchawan. — Roots long and creeping, with the taste of
liquorice. Stem 2-5 feet high. Flowers whitish. Legume resembling the
fruit of Xanthium spinosum, but rather smaller. — Mr. Nuttall remarks that
this species is very nearly allied to G. fcetida of Northern Africa; and Hook-
er, on comparing the the two plants, could find no distinguishing character.

2. G. gliitinosa (Nutt. mss.) : "leaflets oblong and oblong-lanceolate, stri-
gose with scaly glands; stems and calyx pubescent with glandular hairs;
spikes pedunculate, much shorter than the leaves ; bracts with a long acumi-
nate point ; calyx nearly equal.

" Banks of Lewis's River, with the preceding, which it closely resembles :
but the calyx and stems, as well as peduncles, are thicklv covered with gland-
lar hairs, and the peduncles are scarcely half the length of the leaves." Nuttall.

24. INDIGOFERA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 626; GcBrtn.fr. t. 148; DC.
prodr. 2. p. 221 ; W. ^ Am. prodr. Ind. Or. 1. p. 198.

Calyx 5-cleft ; segments acute. Vexillum roundish, cmarginate : keel
furnished with a subulate spur on each side, at length often bending back
elastically. Stamens diadelphous. Style filiform, glabrous. Legume con-
tinuous, 2-valved, 1-many-seeded. Seeds usually truncated, often separated
by cellular spurious partitions. — Herbaceous or shrubby plants. Leaves va-
rious, usually unequally pinnate or digitate : hairs, either all or some of them,
appressed and attached by their middle. Stipules small, not united with the
petiole. Flowers in axillary racemes, purple, blue, or white ; many of the
upper ones of each raceme frequently becoming abortive. — Indigo-plant.

1. /. Caroliniana (Walt.) : stem herbaceous, erect, with terete branches,
leaves on short petioles, unequally pirmate; leaflets 5-7 pairs, oval-oblong,
petiolulate, clothed with a sparse appressed pubescence ; racemes slender,
longer than the leaves ; legumes pendulous, oblong, turgid, about 2-seeded,
reticulatelv m^o^e.— Walt. fl. Car. p. 187 ; Michx.! Jl. 2. p. 68; Ell. sk. 2.
p. 244 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 229.

Dry sterile soils. North Carolina ! to Florida! July-Sept. — If Stem 3-7
feet high, branched. Leaflets nearly an inch long, obtuse or retuse, mu-
cronate, somewhat glaucous beneath. Racemes 3-6 inches long. Flowers
pediceUate, one-third of an inch long. Calyx very small; teeth short, acute.
Corolla yellowish-brown: vexillum ovate, hairy : keel and wings glabrous.
Legume nearly glabrous, 4-5 lines long, pointed with the base of the style.

2. /. leptosepala (Nutt ! mss.) ; rough and cinereous with appressed hairs;
stem herbaceous, decumbent ; leaves unequaHy pinnate, on short petioles ;
leaflets 3-4 pairs, obovate-oblong or cuneiform, nearly sessile, somewhat gla-
brous on the upper surface ; racemes pedunculate, longer than the leaves,
6-15-flowered, the flowers nearly sessile ; calyx deeply parted ; the segments
attenuate-subulate, equal 5 legumes linear^ reflexed, somewhat quadrangular

PsoHALEA. LEGUMINOS^. 299

or nearly terete, straight and even, 6-9-seeded. — I. n. sp. Torr. .' in ann.
lye. New- York, 2. p. 170.

Plains of Arkansas, Nultall ! Dr. James ! Dr. Tjeavemcorth ! also Geor-
gia, Nnttall! — U " Root penetralini? deeply, flagellate. Stems procumbent.
2-3 feet long. Stipules subulate, minute. Leaves very much like those ot
the Common Indigo; strigose and almost hoary beneath. Flowers pale
scarlet. Legumes pubescent, an inch and a half long, acuminated by the
persistent style." Null,

25. PSORALEA. Linn.; Lam. ill. i. 614 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 21C.

Calyx campanulate, persistent, 5-cleft, often glandular ; segments acumi-
nate, the lowest one somewhat longest. Stamens usually diadelphous, the
tenth filament sometimes united with the others at the base. Legurne about
the length of the calyx, indehiscent, 1-seeded, sometimes beaked. — Shrubby or
perennial herbaceous plants, usually dotted or almost tuberculate with glands.
Leaves various, usually pinnately or palmately 3-5-foliolate. Stipules co-
hering with the base of the petiole. Flowers purple, blue, or white, usually
in axillary spikes or racemes.

In all the North American Psoraleje the filaments (except the upper one) are uni-
ted their whole length, forming a 9-toothed stamineal sheath; the aUernate teeth
shorter ; and often only 5 of the antlicrs are perfect.

♦ Leaves palmately Z-b-foliolate.

1. P. lanceolata (Pursh) : nearly glabrous; stems assurgent. often dicho-
tomous, erect; leaves 3-foliolate, dotted (as likewise the calyx) with black
gland 5 ; leaflets linear-lanceolate or elliptical ob!ong, rather obtuse, slightly
mucronate, sessile ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; spikes capitate, many-
flowered; bracts deciduous; teeth of the calyx minute, acute, nearly equal ;
legumes globose, hirsute. — Pursh! Jl. 2. p. 475 ; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p.
135, t. 51. P. elliptica, Pursh! I. c. P. arenaria. Null.'! gen. 2. p. 103;
DC. prodr. 2. j>. 219.

Sterile sandy soils above the Platte, and west to the Pacific, Lewis!
(v. s. in herb. Lamb.) Nuttall! Douglas. — Plant slightly hirsute with ap-
pressed hairs. Leaflets about an inch long, variable in breadth, narrowed
downward, the lower ones broader. Raceme 8-10-flowered. Flowers white
tinged with blue. Legume as large as a pea.

2. P. laxiflora (Nutt. mss.) : " sparingly glandular ; young shoots pubes-
cent: stem dichotomous ; stipules minute ; leaves 3-foliolate; leaflets sessile,
long and linear, or somewhat oblong, apiculate ; peduncles longer than the
leaves; spikes short, with the flowers somewhat distant; calyx small and
pulescent, the teeth obtuse.

" Plains of the Platte. — Resembles the preceding, but the spikes are larg-
er, the bracts very minute and the leaves longer." Nuttall.

3. P. tenuiflora (Pursh) : nearly glabrous and conspicuously dotted with
blackish glands; ?tem diffuse, with the branches slender ; leaves 3-foliolate ;
leaflets oblong-elliptical, obtuse ; racemes filiform, lew-flowered, interrupted ;
seo-ments of the calyx nearly equal; brads shorter than the pedicels, persis-
tent.—Pifr-s/i .' /. 2.' p. 475 ; Nutt. gen. 2. p. 103 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 220.

Plains of the Missouri near the Arikaree village. Nuttall, Lewis ! Brad-
bury ! (v. s. in herb. Lamb.) — Stem 2 feet high. Leaves on short petioles ;
leaflets 4-6 lines long, thick, petiolulate. Racemes 2-3 inches long; the
flowers 3 together, very small, pale purple. — Habit of Baptisia tiuctoria.

300 LEGUMINOS^. Psohalea.

4. P. longifolia (VuTih) : whole plant silky-villous ; leaves 3-foliolate, ob-
scurely glandular ; leaflets linear, elongated ; spikes pedunculate, loose, short-
er than the leaves ; teeth of the calyx and bracts lanceolate. — Pursh,Ji. 2. p.
741; DC.prodr.2. p. 220.

On the Missouri, Bradbury .' (v. s. in herb. Lamb.) — Stem about a foot
high, apparently assurgent. Leaflets an inch long, scarcely one line wide.
Flower small.

5. P. linearifolia: slightly pubescent with appressed hairs; stem tall,
slender, divaricately branched; leaves 3-foliolate, on short petioles; leaflets
narrowly-linear, elongated, mucronate, the upper surface dotted with black
glands; stipules minute, subulate, deciduous; peduncles hi i form ; racemes
loose, few-flowered, much longer than the leaves; calyx glandular, the teeth
lanceolate, acute, the lower one elongated.

Arkansas, Beyrich ! communicated by Dr. Leavenworth. Stem sprink-
led with a few black dots. Leaflets 2-3 inches long, 1-2 lines wide, scarcely
glandular beneath. Racemes 6-8-flowered. Bracts lanceolate. Pedicels
slender, longer than the flower.

6. P. scabra (Nutt. mss.): "much branched, somewhat hirsute when
young; leaves 3-foliolate, glandular ; leaflets all sessile, narrowly-linear, apicu-
late ; stipules minute, deciduous ; racemes few-flowered, on short peduncles ;
calyx glandular, the teeth obtuse.

'' On the Walla-wallah, Mr. John Toxonsend. A slender species, with
small leaves and flowers. — In habit alhed to P. glandulosa of Chili." NuUall.

7. P. cZi'o-ifaia (Nutt. ! mss.) : canescent, diff'usely branched; leaves 5-fo-
liolate ; leaflets cuneate-oblong, and oblong-linear, with an abrupt rigid point,
minutely dotted ; stipules lanceolate, reflexed ; spikes elongated, interrupted,
the clusters 3-6-flowered ; flowers sessile ; bracts obcordate or reniform; ca-
lyx villous ; segments ovate, acuminate, the lowest one produced.

Sandhill? of Red River, Arkansas, NuUall ! Dr. Leavenworth ! West-
ern parts of Arkansas, Beyrich ! May. — Stem bushy, with slender branches.
Leaflets about one inch long, 2-4 Imes wide, glabrous above, hirsute beneath:
petioles shorter than the leaflets. Spikes many times longer than the leaves.
Calyx half as long as the corolla ; lowest segment one-third longer than the
others. Vexillum roundish-obovate. Legume orbicular-ovate, compressed,
hirsute, not wrinkled. Seeds ovate.

8. P. floribiinda (Nutt. ! mss.) : canescent, not glandular, much branched ;
leaves 3-5-foliolate ; leaflets varying from linear to obovate-oblong, slightly
mucronate; stipules setaceous, minute; racemes many-flowered, oblong,
scarcely interrupted, twice as long as the leaves; pedicels as long as the
flowers ; bracts small, ovate, acuminate ; teeth of the calyx somewhat equal,
ovate, acute ; vexillum nearly orbicular.

Plains of the Arkansas and Platte, nearly to the Rocky Mountains, Nutlall!
Arkansas, Dr. Pitcher ! and Dr. Leavenworth ! Illinois, Mr. Buckley !
June. — Stem 2-4 feet high, somewhat spreading. Leaflets 2-4 lines wide,
longer than the petiole. Racemes 40-50-flowered : pedicels rather longer
than the bracts. Flowers about one-fourth of an inch long.

9. P. obiusiloba: canescent; branches spreading; leaves 3- rarely 5-fo-
liolate ; leaflets oblong-obovate, obtuse or slightly emarginate, finely dotted;
stipules very minute ; racemes 3 times as long as the leaves, oblong, loose,
10-15-flowered ; bracts minute, broadly ovate, abruptly acuminate, spreading;
calyx very short; the teeth ovate, nearly equal, obtuse; vexillum roundish.

Texas, Drmnmnnd ! — Plant clothed in every part with a minute appres-
sed pubescence, much branched. Leaflets about | of an inch in length.
Stipules almost none. Calyx scarcely \ the length of the petals. Legume
nearly glabrous, not wrinkled.

PsoHALEA. LEGUMINOSA:. 301

10. p. canescens (Mjchx.) : canesccntly pubescent ; lower leaves 3-foiio-
late, upper ones uuifoliolate, on short petioles; leallets orbicular-obovate ab-
ruptly narrowed at the base and petiolulate, doited with f^lands; stipules sub-
ulate, about as long as the petiole ; racemes longer than the leaves, 4-7-flo\v-
ered, the flowers pedicellate; calyx inflated, conspicuously glandular, the
lower segment produced. — Mich.r. ! Jl. 2. p. 57 ; Pursh ! Ji. 2. p. 473 ; JJ/l
sk. 2. p. 195 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 220.

Sandy soils. North Carolina ! to Florida ! May. -July. — Root fusiform.
Stem much branched, 2-3 feet high, spreading. Leaflets an inch or more
wide, often slightly emarginate. Calyx hirsute when young. Corolla at
first blue, then yellowish {Le Conte). Legume with a short ensiform point,
very glandular, not wrinkled.

11. P. arsrophylla (Pursh): very silky and silvery, erect, divaricately
branched ; leaves o-5-foliolate; leaflets elliptical-lanceolate ; spikes peduncu-
late, interrupted, longer than the leaves; bracts ovate-lanceolate; flowers
nearly sessile, 2-3 to each bract; lower tooth of the calyx very long. — Pursh !
fl. 2. 'p. 475; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 13G, t. 53. P. incana, Xutt. 1 gen.
2. p. 102; DC. prodr'. 2. p. 219.

Dry open plains on the Missouri. Lewis ! Nuttall ! on the Saskatchawan
&c., Drummmid! Falls of St. Anthony, Dr. Houghlon ! July. — Plant
1-2 feet high, every part densely clothed with soft silvery-white Oppressed
hairs. — Leaflets 1-2 inches long. Stipules subulate. Spikes about twice as
long as the leaves. Lower tooth of the calyx as long as the corolla. Petals
blue: vexillum obovate, the auricles small and callous.

12. P. campestris (Nutt. ! mss.) : " densely canescently hirsute with short
white appressed hairs ; leaves 5-foliolate, the uppermost sometimes 3-folio-
late ; leaflets linear and oblong-linear, rather obtuse, nearly glabrous above ;
peduncles elongated; spike interrupted; bracts 3-flowered, broadly ovate
acuminate ; lower tooth of the calyx elongated.

" Plains of the Platte. June. — Allied to the preceding, but much less hir-
sute and silvtry, and more branching. Leaflets 1-li inch long and 1-2 lines
wide. Stipules linear. Bracts of the flower-buds nearly orbicular." Nuttall.

13. P. cryptocarpa: stem somewhat divaricately branched, canescently
hairy with an appressed pubescence ; leaves 5-fo!iolate ; leaflets elliptical-ob-
long, rather obtuse, mucronate, about as long as the petiole, punctate ; stipules
subulate; peduncles longer than the leaves; spikes ovate, compact; bracts
lanceolate, cuspidate, shorter than the flower; calyx conspicuously glandular
large, entirely covermg the ovate nearly glabrous scarcely pointed legume;
the teeth triangular-lanceolate, acuminate, nearly equal, the 2 upper ones
united to the middle.

Arkansas, Dr. Leavenworth ! Texas, Drummond .' — Stem 1-2 feet high
terete, when old nearly glabrous. Leaflets U inch long. Calyx somewhat
inflated, gibbous at the base. Legume membranaceous, slightly tipped with
the base of the style, not wrinkled.

14. P. brachiata (Dougl.): stem erect, somewhat branched, nearly hispid
with long spreading hairs; leaves 5-foliolate, hirsute with appressed hairs;
leaflets elliptical or obovate-oblong, rather obtuse; peduncles elongated;
spikes oblong; flowers erect, sessile; bracts as long as the flower ; tt-t'th of
the calyx lanceolate, the 2 upper ones united above the middle. — Hook.! fl
Boi.-Am. 1. p. 137, t. 53.

Plains of the Saskatchawan, Drummond ! Douglas. Root fusiform
thick, somewhat farinaceous. Stem 12-18 inches high. Stipules lanceolate'
large. Leaves U inch long. Racemes 2-4 inches in lensth. Brjcts lanceo-
late, foliaceous, about as long as the flowers. Calyx somewhat inflated, lower

302 LEGUMINOS^. Psoralea.

tooth rather longest. Vexillum white: keel blue. — Navet de Prairie of the
Canadiaa "voyageurs," according to Mr. Douglas.

14. P. esculenta (Pursh) : whole plant hirsute ; stem erect, somewhat
branched; leaves 5-foliolate ; leaflets lanceolate ; spikes dense; segments of
the calyx lanceolate, a little shorter than the corolla ; legumes with an ensi-
form beak ; root thick and fusiform. — Pursh, Ji. 2. p. 475, t. 22 ; DC. prodr.
2. j3. 219.

0. nearly stemless ; leaflets obovate-oblong. — P. esculenta, Nutt. ! gen. 2.
p. 102.

Banks of the Missouri, Lewis ! /?. On the same river and on the high and
bare hills of the lead mines near St. Louis, Nuttall ! Louisiana, west of
the Mississippi, and in Texas, Dr. Leavenworth ! June-July. — Root usu-
ally about the size of a Avalnut, scarcely farinaceous, solid and tough. Stem
a foot or more high (in /?. only 1-3 inches above the ground). Leallets slight-
ly dotted. Spikes capitate. Flowers pale blue: vexillum obovate, marked
with 2 callosities towards the base. Legume covered with the calyx, hirsute.
Pursh. — In our specimens of /?. the leaflets are about 2 inches long and f of
an inch Avide ; the segments of the calyx are equal, the 2 upper ones not unit-
ed ; and the long ensiform point of the legume is much exserted. Accord-
ing to Nuttall the root of this species is the Pomme de Prairie (also called
Pomme blanche) of the Canadian voyageurs. The form of the plant de-
scribed by Pursh is very near P. brachiata. Neither species grows west of
the mountains.

16. P. hypogfiea (Nutt. ! mss.) : stemless, hirsute with whitish appressed
hairs; leaves 5-7-foliolate ; leaflets Hnearlanceolate, or hnear-oblong, usually
acute; spikes capitate, on peduncles much shorter than the petioles; seg-
ments of the calyx linear, acuminate, the lowest one elongated.

" Plains of the Platte, with P. esculenta. — Root tuberous, oblong, edible,
about ail inch long. Leaflets 1-U inch long, 2-3 lines wide ; upper surface
nearly glabrous. Spikes nearly sessile, or on peduncles scarcely more than
an inch long. Bracts lanceolate. Calyx cleft below the middle ; lowest seg-
ment lanceolate, the others almost subulate, curved upward. Corolla pale
dull blue : vexillum oblong, about as long as the very narrow wings, and twice
as long as the keel." Nuttall.

17. P . suhacatdis : nearly stemless ; peduncles and petioles hirsute with
spreading hairs ; leaves on very long petioles, 7-foliolate ; leaflets obovate-ob-
long, nearly glabrous above, the midrib beneath and margins hairy ; pedun-
cles longer than the leaves ; spikes ovate, rather dense ; bracts and stipules
ovate, acuminate ; calyx much shorter than the corolla ; the teeth obtuse, low-
est one produced, the others very short.

Rocky grounds near Nashvifle, Tennessee, Dr. Eoane ! April-May. —
Stem scarcely rising above the ground. Leaflets one inch long, sprinkled
with very minute dots; the hairs on the midrib spreading. Peduncles 6-8
inches long. Stipules and bracts scarious. Spikes 20-40-floAvered. — A very
distinct species, but allied to the preceding.

18. P. Lupinellus (Michx.) : glabrous ; stem slender; leaflets 5-7-foliolate,
filiform-linear; racemes much longer than the leaves, many-floAvered ; bracts
minute, about as long as the pedicels; legumes someAvhat lunate, obliquely
rugose.— Mich:v. ! fl. 2. p. 58 ; Nutt. gen. 2. p. 102 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 196.
P. lupinella, DC. prodr. 2. p. 220.

Barren sandy places. South Carolina ! to Florida ! May-July. — Stem
about 2 feet high, someAvhat branched. Leaflets less than a hne Avide, shorter
than the very slender petiole. Peduncles thick. Raceme 10-2n-floAvered.
FloAvers 3-4 lines long, purplish. Calyx glandular; teeth short, nearly equal.
Vexillum suborbicular. Legume small, with a short recurved point.

PsoRALEA. ' LEGUMINOSiE. 303

♦ ♦ Leaves pimmtdy Irifoliolate {rarely unifuliolale^.

19. P. fiVs-a/a (Nutt.) : nearly glabrous ; stem virgate ; leaves 1-foliulatc
(lower ones rarely 2-3-foliolate), very remote; leaflets linear; stipules seta-
ceous; peduncles sliorter than tiie leaves ; spikes ovate-oblong ; bracts oblong;
calyx glandular, half as long as the corolla; segments lanceolate, the \o-wvt
one a little elongated.— A'»«. / iren. 2. p. 101; JCIL! sk. 2. p. 197; DC.
prodr. 2. p. 218. P. simplicifolia, /irrb. liuldic!

Near St. Mary's, Georgia, Dr. liahhrin ! — Stem about 2 feet high, spar-
ingly branched. Leaflets of the radical leaves oblong; of the upper ones
2-4 inches long and 2-4 lines wide. Spikes rather compact: bracts decidu-
ous. Flowers pale violet, about ^ of an inch long.

20. P. rnelilotoides (Michx.) : sparingly pubescent ; leaves 3-foliolate ; leaf-
lets oblong-lanceolate, dotted with glands; spikes oblong ; bracts broadly cor-
date and (like the calyx) glandular, conspicuously acuminate ; teeth of the
calyx triangular-ovate, the lowest one longest ; legumes orbicular, with strong
transverse wrinkles.-^3/("c/jj-..' //. 2. p. 5S ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 197 ; DC. prudr. 2.
p. 220 ; Barl. ft. Am. Sept. 2, t. 57. Trifolium psoraloidcs, Walt. Car. p. 184.

/?. gracilis : stem very slender; nearly glabrous; leaflets thin, ovate-oblong,
dotted, glabrous above, the lower surface and margin slightly hairy. — P. gra-
cilis, Chapman! mss.

Dry soils. Southern States ! /?. Pine woods, Middle Florida, Dr. Chap-
man ! May-June. — Stem branched, 2 feet high. Leaflets about 2 inches
long. Stipules lanceolate. Peduncles 3-4 times as long as the leaves.
Flowers 3 lines long, usually in pairs, on short' pedicels. Calyx and bracts
conspicuously glandular, veined with purple. — The bracts in our specimens
of 0. have fallen off.

21. P. eglandulosa (Ell.) : pubescent, nearly destitute of glands ; leaves
3-foliolate; leaflets oblong-lanceolate ; spikes oblong ; bracts broadly lanceo-
late, conspicuously acuminate, and (as well as the calyx) viUous ; legume
nearly orbicular, with strong transverse wrinkles. Ell. sk. 2. p. 198; DC.
prodr. 2. p. 220. Melilotus psoraloides, Nutt.! gen. 2. p. 104, excl. syn. ?

Dry soils, Virginia! to Florida! and west to Arkansas! May-June. —
Scarcely distinct from the preceding.

22. P. simple.v (Nutt.! mss.): grayish-pubescent, obscurely glandular,
erect ; stem simple ; leaves 3-foliolate ; leaflets lanceolate, acute, rugosely
veined, mucronate ; peduncles very long ; spikes oblong, many-flowered ;
bracts linear-lanceolate, acuminate; teeth of the calyx oblong-triangular, the
lowest one longest and acuminate; legumes nearly orbicular, with strong
transverse wrinkles.

Plains of Red River, Arkansas, Nidtall ! Texas, Drummond! — Root
somewhat fusiform. Stems solitary or two from the same root, 1-3 feet high.
Flowers larger than in P. melilotoides, bright purplish-blue. Calyx and petals
strongly veined.

23. P. rhombifolia : sparingly pubescent ; leaves 3-foliolate ; leaflets rhom-
bic-ovate, shorter than the petioles ; peduncles longer than the leaves, at
length recurved ; spikes capitate, few-flowered ; bracts ovate, acuminate ;
teeth of the calyx lanceolate, the lowest one longest.

Texas, Drummond! — Stem decumbent ?, slender, angular. Leaflets i-^-
of an inch long, dotted with scarcely visible glands. Petioles 1-2 inches
long. Spikes 6-8-flowered. Flowers purplish, 5-6 lines long. Calyx hir-
sute ; the teeth (except the lowest one) shorter than the tube. Vexillum ob-
ovate. Legume not seen.

24. P. Onobrychis (Nutt.) : pubescent ; leaves 3-foliolate ; leaflets ovate,
acuminate ; racemes elongated, somewhat secund ; calyx much shorter than
the corolla, without glands ; the teeth small, obtuse, equal ; legume ovate,

304 LEGUMINOS^. Psoralea.

muricate, wrinkled transversely. — Nutt. gen. 2. p. 104; DC. prodr. 2. p.
220. P. latifolia, Torr. ! in ann. lye. New-York, 2. p. 176.

Banks of rivers, Kentucky ! and Illinois ! to Missouri ! June-July. —
Stem 3-5 feet hi<jh. Leaves very large, resembling those of Desmodium
bracteosum. Racemes 3-6 inches long. Flowers small, on short slender
pedicels. Legume much compressed, black, roughened with conical tuber-
cles and marked Vv'ilh obUque reticulated wrinkles. Seeds oblong, dark
brown. — Very nearly allied to the two preceding species.

24. P. physodes (Dough): more or less pubescent; leaves pinnately 3-
foliolate ; leaflets broadly rhombic-ovate, acute, mucronate, obscurely glandu-
lar ; racemes loose, longer than the leaves ; calyx much inflated, hirsute; the
teeth nearly equal, shorter than the tube. — Hook. fi. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 136.

0. nearly glabrous ; stem roughened with slightly projecting glands; leaf-
lets nearly orbicular ; racemes scarcely as long as the leaves.

Banks of rivers, Oregon, Douglas, Nuttall! 0. California, Douglas ! —
Plant about li foot high. Leaflets \\ inch long and nearly one inch in dia-
meter. Stipules lanceolate. Racemes 15-20-flowered. Calyx clothed with
long blackish hairs, decidedly shorter than the corolla (scarcely shorter. Hook-
er). Corolla nearly white, the wings and keel tipped with purple. Legume
elliptical, membranaceous, pubescent, entirely covered by the enlarged ca-
lyx.— According to Hooker the leaves are sometimes 5-foliolate, but Mr. Nut-
tall informs us that he found them invariably 3-foliolate. Hooker also de-
scribes the corolla as scarcely exceeding the calyx, whereas we find it to be
nearly twice as long ; so that his plant is perhaps a distinct, but nearly allied
species to ours.

25. P. orbicularis (Lindl.) : pubescent, the hairs mixed with smaU cla-
vate truncate glands; stem prostrate and creeping; leaves 3-foliolate, on very
long petioles ; leaflets roundish-oval ; peduncles as long as the leaves; spikes
capitate ; bracts (oblong) and calyx very hirsute ; lowest tooth of the calyx
much the longest. Lindl. bot. rcg. t. 1971.

CaUfornia, Douglas. June-July. — Stem long, tough and slender: glands
dark, resembling tacks. Petioles about 6 inches long. Spikes globose-ovate.
Flowers bright purplish red. Lindl.

26. P. inacrostachya (DC): whole plant pubescent; stem erect; leaves
3-folio'ate ; leaflets ovate, mucronate ; petioles glandularly scabrous ; pedun-
cles 4 times as long as the leaves ; spikes cylindrical-oblong ; the rachis, bracts,
and calyx very hirsute; lowest tooth of the calyx nearly as long as the co-
rolla.—/>C. jJrodr. 2. p. 220; Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1769; Hook Jl. Bor.-Am.
1. p. 136.

li.l tomentose-pubescent; stem and petioles covered with stipitate glands;
leaflets rhombic-oval, slightly pubescent and dotted with glands above ; stipules
large, broadly ovate, acuminate ; peduncles a little longer than the leaves ;
spikes oblong; bracts very broad and acummate, as long as the flower ; calyx
hirsute, the lower tooth nearly as long as the corolla, the other teeth unequal.

California, Douglas. Nootka ? DC. 0. California, Douglas! — Stem
about 3 feet high, branched. Spikes about 2 inches long. Stipules ovate,
acuminate, small. Leaflets about 2 inches long ; the rachis and ovate acumi-
nate bracts clothed with blackish hairs. Flowers purple. Legume ovate,
black, glabrous, Avith a short point. Lindl. — Our 0. differs in several respects
from the figure and description of Lindley here quoted, but these were taken
from cultivated specimens.

* * * Leaves pinnate,

27. P. multijuga (Ell.) : leaves pinnate ; leaflets numerous (9-10 pairs),
oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, pubescent; spikes oblong; bracts small, membrana-
ceous, without glands. Ell. sk. 2. p. 198; D. C. prodr. 2. p. 220.

Amorpha. LEGUMINOS^. 305

Abbeville, Georgia, Elliott. May-June. — Stem 1-2 feet his;h, tliick, nearly
glabrous. Leaflets small, dotted. Stipules broadly ovate, sli^flitly ciliate.
Bracts about half as loug as the calyx. Teeth ol" the calyx very long, acute,
villous on the margin. Corolla violet. Legume not seen, but from the ap-
pearance ol the ovary 1-seeded. Elliutt.

B. Corolla irregular^ not projKrly papilionaceous : fojocrs in spiltes or heads:

26. AMORPHA. Linn. ; Lam. ; Gcertn. fr. t. 144 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 256.

Calyx obconical-campanulate, ^-toothed or 5-cleft, persistent. Vexillum
concave, unguiculate, erect : wings and keel wanting. Style filiform. Sta-
mens exserted, monadelphous at the base. Legume oblong, a little curved, or
lunulate, longer than the calyx, roughened or tubcrculate Avith glands, tardily
dehiscent, 1-2-seeded. Seeds oblong-oval, or slightly reniform. — Shrubby or
suffruiicose plants (all North American). Leaves unequally pinnate: leaflets
numerous, punctate with pellucid (at length mostly brownish) dots, usually
stipellate. Stipules caducous. Racemes spiked, virgate, terminal, often ag-
gregated or paniculate at the summit of tlie branches. Flowers much crowd-
ed, bluish-violet or nearly white : pedicels articulated with the flower.

1. A. fruiicosa (Linn.) : pubescent or nearly glabrous, shrubby or arbores-
cent; leaflets oval or elliptical-oblong, petiolulate, the lowest pair not approxi-
mated to the stem ; calyx somewhat pubescent ; the teeth short, the lower
one acuminate and a little longest, the others commonly obtuse ; vexillum
purple; legume about 2-sceded. — Walt. Car. p. 179; Midi.v. ! fl. 2. p. 64;
Fiirsh, ji. 2. p. 467; Ell. sk. 2. p. 188; Bot. reg. t. 427; DC. l. c. ; Hook.
Ji. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 139.

0. vexillum glandular on the outside. — A. glabra, Desf. ; DC. I. c.

Along rivers, Pennsylvania to Florida ! and Louisiana! west to the Rocky
Mountains ! Near Lake Winnipeg, Douglas. June. — Shrub 6-10 or 16
feet high, sometimes arborescent : young branches and leaves pubescent.
Leaflets variable in size, sometimes slightly emarginate, sparsely peUucid-
punctate. Spikes clustered. Calyx at length more glandular; the lateral
teeth often acute. Vexillum deeply emarginate. Style hairy nearly the
whole length.

2. A. Caroliniana (Croom) : stem and leaves nearly glabrous; leaflets
oblong or elliptical, petiolulate, dotted, the lowest pair approxiniated to the
stem ; flowers on very short pedicels ; calyx villous on the margin ; the teeth
short, the two upper obtuse, the three lower longer and commonly equal,
acuminate or subulate-aristate ; vexillum dark blue. — Croom! in Sill. pur.
25, (1833) p. 74. A. cynostachya, Curtis! in Bost.jour. nat. hist. 1. p. 141.

Wilmington, N. Carolina, Curtis ! Newbern, Croom ! July.— Shrub 4-5
feet high. Leaflets smaller and more numerous than in A. fruticosa. Calyx
subsessile, glandular. Style hairy below. — Intermediate between the pie-
ceding species and A. herbacea; resembling the latter in the leaves and very
short pedicels. We find considerable diversity in the calyx-teeth, even iu
the same specimen. Commonly, perhaps, the 3 lower teeth are abruptly al-
ternate into a subulate cusp, and the 2 upper very obtuse and short; but
sometimes the middle one of the 3 lower teeth only is cuspidate, and again
they are all short and acute. This and the succeeding species require a care-
ful examination in the living state, or with more complete materials than we
at present possess.

39

306 LEGUMINOSiE. Amorpha.

3. A. herbacea (Walt.) : small, shrubby, pubescent ; leaflets elliptical, pe-
tiolulate, dotted, the lowest pair approximated to the stem ; flowers subsessile;
teeth of the calyx nearly equal, short, acute or acuminate; vexillum nearly
white. — Walt. Car. p. 179; Nutt. gen. 2. p. 91 ; IJC. I. c. A. pubescens,
Willd. Berl. baum., ^ sp. 3. p. 970; Purah, fl. 2. p. 467; Ell. sk. 2. p.
189. A. pumila, Mic/ia: ! fl. 2. p. 64.

Pine forests, &c. N. Carolina to Georgia ! and Florida. June-July. —
"Shrubby rather than herbaceous" {Ell.), 2-4 feet high. Leaflets obtuse or
acute, sometimes very small. Calyx purplish.

4. A. nana (Nutt.): shrubby, very low, nearly glabrous; leaflets somewhat
ovate-elliptical, mucronulate ; spikes solitary and aggregated ; teeth of the calyx
all setaceous-acuminati ; legume 1-seeded. Nutt.! in Eras, cat., d^ gen. 2.
p. 91; DC. I. c. ; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. y. 139. A. microphylla, Fursh !
fl. 2. p. 466.

On the woodless and grassy hills of the Missouri from the Platte to the
mountains, Nuttall ! (v. s. in herb. Lamb.) Plains of the Red River, Brit-
ish America, in lat. 50°, Boiiglas. May. — An exceedingly compact shrub,
with copious foliage and very small rigid leaflets, punctate with rather large
sparse pellucid dots. Calyx also glandular. Hook. Flowers purplish-blue
and fragrant. Nutt. — The figure of A. nana in Bot. mag. t. 2112, is referred
by Hooker to A. fruticosa.

5. A. Californica (Nutt. ! mss.) : "shrubby, pubescent ; leaflets elliptical-
oblong, obtuse, rather distant, conspicuously dotted with brownish glands be-
neath; petioles furnished with minute glandular scales; stipules broad and
membranaceous; spike short and solitary; teeth of the villous calyx all acute
and short ; bracts lanceolate, acuminate.

" St. Barbara, CaUfornia; near the coast. May. — Shrub rather lower than
A. fruticosa. Leaves in the young state almost villous. Bracts and stipules
brownish, caducous. The fully developed flowers not seen." Nuttall.

6. A. Icevigata (Nutt. mss.) : "glabrous and very smooth; leaves large;
leaflets distant, elliptical-oblong, attenuated below ; the common petiole short ;
stipules minute ; bracts rather long and subulate, caducous ; calyx very glan-
dular; the teeth acute, the 3 lower ones longer and acuminate ; vexillum deep
blue, about the length of the calyx ; legume 1-seeded.

"I3anks of the Arkansas, near Salt River. — A very distinct large shrubby
remarkably smooth species, with large distant and very obtuse leaflets, and
long (8-10 inches) clustered terminal spikes. Calyx nearly glabrous except
the margin, covered with elevated glands." Nuttall. — This species we have
Dot seen. It is apparently allied to A. paniculata.

7. A', panictdata : whole plant canescently tomentose, except the upper
surface of the leaves which is nearly glabrous and shining; leaves on distinct
petioles; leaflets 7-8 pairs, elliptical-oblong (1^-3 inches long), petiolulate,
very obtuse and often emarginate or retuse at each end, dotted and promi-
nently veined beneath ; spikes numerous, virgate, in a large nearly naked ex-
serted branching panicle; flowers subsessile; teeth of the glandular and to-
mentose calyx unequal ; the 2 upper triangular-ovate and shorter ; the 3 low-
er triangular-subulate, the middle one somewhat longest; vexillum (purple)
broadly cuneiform, truncate, one-third longer than the calyx.

Arkansas, Dr. Leavenworth! Texas, Drummond! — Stem stout and ap-
parently tall. Leaves 8 inches to a foot or more in length. Stipules not
seen. Panicle often a foot or more long, compound. Spikes 6 inches ia
length, the flowers much crowded : bracts setaceous, caducous.

8. A. canescens (Nutt.) : sufTruticose, rather low, softly canescent ; leaves
sessile, very numerous and crowded; leaflets 15-24 pairs, closely approxima-
ted, elliptical or ovate-elliptical (very small), mucronate, at length rather rigid

Dalea. LEGUMINOSyE. 307

and almost glabrous on^ the upper surface ; spikes aggregated in a terminal
subsessile panicle; tlowers nearly sessile; teeth of the calyx rather long,
ovate-lanceolate, etjuul ; vexillum subcunciform-orbicular or somewhat ob-
cordate, briglit blue; legume scarcely twice the length of the calyx, 1-seeded.
— NiUt.! in Fras. cat., c^- sren. 2. p. 92; DC. prodr. 2. p. 256; Pursh!
fl. 2. p. 467; Ilook.jl. Hor^-Am. 1. /;. 139.

Dry prairies and sandy places, from Red River, British America, Dong-
las ; and St. Croix River, Dr. Iloughtun ! to Louisiana! and Texas ! west
to the Rocky Mountains. Near Augusta, Georgia, Dr. LearenwoTth ! July
-Aug. — Plant 1-3 feet high. Leaflets usually less than half an inch in
length, somewhat pellucid-punctate ; the dots reddish-brown when old.
Spikes rather short and dense : flowers showy. — Lead-plant. Supposed to
indicate the presence of Lead-ore.

27. DALEA. Linn.; Mich.v.! f. 2. p. 56; DC. prodr. 2. p. 244.

Calyx often glandular, 5-cleft or 5-toothed ; the segments nearly equal.
Petals unguiculate; the claws of the wings and keel united Avith the stamen-
tube to the middle, deciduous by an articulation : vexillum free, inserted at
the bottom of the calyx ; the limb cordate. Stamens 10 (rarely 9), monadel-
phous ; the tube cleft. Ovary with 2 collateral ovules.* Legume membra-
naceous, enclosed in the calyx, indehiscent, 1-seeded. — Herbaceous or some-
what shrubby plants, dotted with glands. Leaves unequally pinnate (rarely
trifoUolate), exstipellate. Stipules minute, setaceous. Spikes pedunculate,
terminal or opposite the leaves, dense, often capitate, rarely loosely -flowered.

1. D. laxiflora (Pursh) : glabrous ; stem branched above (tall), erect ;
leaflets 4-5 pairs, linear-oblong; spikes panicled, interrupted, few- (10-15-)
flowered, the flowers distant ; bracts very broad, embracing the flower, coria-
ceous, glabrous; calyx Avith long setaceous plumose teeth; stamens 9. —
Pursh! ft. 2. p. 741; NiM. gen. 2. p. 101; DC. prodr. 2. p. 244. Cylopo-
gon virgatum, Raf. in jour. phys. Aug. 1819, p. 97.

Hills and prairies of the Missouri, and Mississippi, Bradbury ! Nuttall!
On the Platte, Dr. James ! Arkansas, Dr. Leacenworth ! Texas, Drum-
mond ! — "4 Stem with numerous slender somewhat spreading branches,
3-4 feet high. Leaflets 2-3 lines long, and about half a line wide, strongly
dotted. Racemes 2-3 inches long. Bract? almost orbicular, glandular, slightly
cuspidate. Calyx deeply cleft, beautifully plumose. Corolla white : keel
twice as long as the Avings: vexillum cordate, very small, sometimes with 4
approximated glands near the middle. — In our Texan specimens the seg-
ments of the calyx are remotely denticulate, a character which we have not
observed in the plant from other localities.

2. D. lanuginosa (Nutt. ! mss.): decumbent, canescently tomentose; leaf-
lets 4-6 pairs, obovate-cuneate, emarginate; glands few, large; spikes elon-
gated, rather loose ; bracts ovate, with a long acumination ; teeth of the
calyx plumose, subulate, dilated at the base, as long as the tube.

Gravellv banks and islands of the Arkansas, near Fort Smith, Nuttall!
On the Platte, Dr. James! — 11 Whole plant clothed with a soft almost
woolly pubescence ; the branches prostrate and spreading widely in a circu-
lar manner. Leaflets 5-6 lines long and about 2 lines Avide. Spikes usually
opposite the leaves, 2-3 inches in length, on moderately long peduncles,

• This is also the case in Onobrychis.

308 LEGUMINOS^. Dalea.

many- (30-50-) flowered; the lower flowers somewhat remote. Petals deep
purple : wings and keel oval, nearly equal : vexillum broadly cordate, a little
longer than the oth^r petals. Stamens 10.

3. D. formosa (Torr): suffruticose, much branched, glabrous; leaflets
very small, about 5 pairs, cuneate-oblong, retuse, dotted with black glands
beneath; spikes loose, few-flowered, on short peduncles; bracts ovate, short-
er than the flower, silky-viOous on the margin ; teeth of the calyx subulate,
plumose. Torr. ! in ann. lye. Nexo-York, 2. p. 178.

On the Platte, Dr. James ! — Leaflets thick, about 2 lines long, very nar-
row. Spikes 6-10-flowered. Flowers large and showy, bright purple. Ca-
lyx dotted. Vexillum cordate, shorter than the keel. — AUied to D. tubercu-
losa, Lagas.

4. D. aurea (Nutt.): stem pubescent, erect; leaflets 3-4 pairs, oblong-
obovate and linear-oblong, more or less silky-pubescent ; spikes ovate, very
compact, on long peduncles; bracts rhombic-obovate, as long as the calyx;
teeth of the calyx subulate, broad at the base, plumose. — Nutt.! gen. 2. p.
101; Pursh! fl. 2. p. 741; DC. prodr. 2. p. 244. Cylopogon capitatum,
Raf.! I. c. Petalostemon capitatum, DC. I. c.

Gravelly hills, near White River, Missouri, NiittaU, Bradbury ! On the
Platte, Dr. James! Prairies of Arkansas, Dr. Leavenworth! Texas,
Drummoud!—ll Stem about 2 feet high. Leaves remote: leaflets 4-6
lines long, when young almost villous beneath, nearly glabrous above, and of
a grass-green colour when dry, often very sparingly dotted. Spikes 1-2 inches
long, very thick. Calyx deeply cleft. Corolla yellow : vexillum small, shorter
than the oblong wings and keel-petals.

5. D. alopecuroides ( Willd.) : glabrous, erect, much branched ; leaflets
10-14 pairs, linear-eUiptical, obtuse or retuse, conspicuously dotted beneath;
spikes cylindrical or oblong, silky -villous ; bracts as long as the calyx ; seg-
ments of the calyx lanceolate, acuminate, shorter than the tube. — Willd. sp.
3. p. 1336 ; Fursh ! fl. 2. p. 474 ; Nutt. gen. 2. p. 101 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 244.
D. Cliffbrtiana, Willd. I. c. ; Pursh, I. c. ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 195. D. Linnaei,
Michx. ! Ji. 2. p. 57, t. 38. D. pedunculata, Pursh, I. c. ? Petalostemum
alopecuroideum, Pursh, I. c.

Alluvial soils along the Mississippi and Missouri, Nuttall ! Prairies of
Illinois, Short ! In Carolina, Pursh.— (J) Stem 1-2 feet high, branched.
Leaves numerous: leaflets about 3 lines long, pale green. Spikes 1-2 inches
long on short peduncles. Calyx thickly clothed with silky hairs. — We have
nev'e'r received this plant from the Southern Atlantic States. There are,
however specimens of Enslen in Lambert's herbarium (perhaps collected in
Georgia), which are labelled D. alopecuroides ; but the spikes are only 6-8-
flowered, and on very long peduncles.

§ Leaves palmately trifoliolate, not dotted with glands.

6. D. Jamesii : whole plant silky ; leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets obovate,
very obtuse ; stipules spiny ; spikes oblong, sessile ; calyx deeply cleft ; seg-
ments setaceous, plumose ; longer than the vexillum ; keel longer than the
wings.— Psoralea .Tamesii, Torr.! in ann. lye. New- York, 2. p. lib.

Sandy plains of the Canadian, Dr. James!— Stems several from one root
about 4 inches hi<,4i, somewhat woody at the base. Petioles about half an
inch long. Leaflets as long as the petiole. Spikes dense and broad, about
one inclAong. Bracts ovate, acuminate, longer than the calyx. Keel and
wings purple, oblong: vexillum yellowish ?— We have detected no glands in
thislingular species, which has, with trifoliolate leaves, wholly the flowers of
Dalea.

Petalostemon. LEGUMINOSii:. 309

28. PETALOSTEMON. Michx.Jl. 2. p. 48, t. 37 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 213.

Calyx often glandular, 5-toothed (rarely 5-clcft), sometimes a little curved ;
the teeth connivent, nearly equal. Petals 5, on filiform claws : four of them
nearly similar, their claws united to the stamen-tube (juite to the summit
(alternate with the stamens), and deciduous by an articulation; the fifth pe-
tal (vexillum) free, inserted at the bottorn of the calyx ; the limb cordate or
oblong, conduplicate. Stamens 5, monadelphous ; the tube cleft. Ovary
with 2 collateral ovules. Legume membranaceous, enclosed in the calyx,
indehisoent, 1-seeded. — Herbaceous, mostly perennial plants, dotted with
glands. Leaves unequally pinnate, exstipellate. Stipules minute, setace-
ous. Flowers in pedunculate dense terminal spikes or heads.

1. P. camlidum (Michx.) : glabrous ; stem firm and erect ; spikes cylin-
drical, on long peduncles; bracts aristate, longer than the floAvers ; leaflets
3-4 pairs, lanceolate, sparingly dotted beneath; calyx nearly glabrous; petals*
ovate; vexillum broadly cordate. — Michx.! ft. 2. p. 49, t. 37, y! 1; DC.
prodr. 2. p. 243 ; Hook. ! fi. Bor.-Avi. 1. p. i37. Dalea Candida, JVilld. sp.
3. p. 1337.

Dry prairies, Western and South Western States! north to the Sas-
katchawan River ! August. — Sparingly branched. Leaves an inch or more
in length, 2-3 lines wide. Spikes much elongated after flowering. Teeth
of the calyx shorter than the tube, ovate, somewhat pubescent on the margin,
with 2 glands near the base of each. Petals white. Ovary pubescent.

2. P. gracile (Nutt.): glabrous; stem slender, decumbent or assurgent ;
spikes oblong-cylindrical, short ; bracts acute, as long as the calyx ; leaflets
3 pairs, linear-elliptical, slightly dotted beneath; petals ovate; vexillum broad-
ly cordate. — Nutt.! in jour. acad. Philnd. 7. p. 92.

Lower part of Alabama, and in Florida, Nuttall ! Dr. Gales ! Texas
Drummond f — (I) Stem 1-2 feet long. Leaflets scarcely half an inch in
length, in the uppermost leaves often solitary. Spikes shorter than in the
preceding species, but the flowers nearly the same. Petals white.

3. P. midlifiorum (Nutt.): glabrous; stem erect, branches fastigiate;
spikes roundish-oblong; calyx with the tube glabrous; the teeth short, pubes-
cent on the margin; petals ovate; leaflets 4-6 pairs, linear-oblong, with
black dots on both surfaces. — Nutt. ! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. /;. 92.

Prairies of Arkansas, particularly on the Red River, Nuttall ! Dr. Leav-
enworth! Texas, Drummond! — About 2 feet high, much branched. Leaf-
lets 4-6 lines long. Spikes scarcely half an inch long. Petals white, round-
ed or slightly cordate at the base. — Our Texan specimens differ from the
Arkansas plant in the smaller leaflets, but not essentially in the flowers.

4. P. macrostachyum (Torr.) : glabrous ; stem dotted ; leaflets 2-3 pairs,
lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, dotted beneath ; spike cylindrical, elongated ; bracts
lanceolate ; calyx silky-villous, the teeth lanceolate ; vexillum cordate. — Torr. !
in ann. lye. New- York, 2. p. 176. P. ornatum, Dougl. ! in Hook. fl. Bor -
Am. 1. p. 138.

About the Forks of the Platte, Dr. James ! Prairies on Lewis's River,
Oregon, Douglas ! (v. s. in herb. Hook.) — (T) ? Stem 1-2 feet high, branch-
ed. Leaflets about | of an inch long, the upper surface becoming of a deep
verdigris-green in drying. Spikes when old more than 6 inches long ; the

* In describing the species of this genus, we call petals the 4 which alternate with
the stamens : the 5th petal being the vexillum.

310 LEGUMINOSiE. Petalostemon.

rachis villous. Bracts as long as the flower. Petals linear-oblong, narrowed
at the base and nearly sessile, white.

5. P. villosum (Nutt.) : stem tomentose, decumbent ; leaves silky-villous ;
leaflets 6-7 pairs, lanceolate-oblong, rather acute, mucronate ; spikes cylindri-
cal, on short peduncles ; calyx villous ; the teeth semi-ovate, shorter than the
tube ; petals oblong-obovate ; vexiUum oblong. — Niitt. ! gen. 2. p. 85 ; Torr. !
in Sill. Jour. 4. p. 66 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 243.

Sandy banks ot the upper part of the Missouri, Nuitall, Dr. James ! Upper
Mississippi, Maj. Douglas! — August. — 11 Root fusiform, thick and red-
dish. Stems several from one root. Leaflets 3-4 lines long, slightly dotted,
but the glands concealed by the dense pubescence. Spikes 1-2 inches long.
Bracts lanceolate, acuminate, longer than the flower. Corolla rose-color. —
The Avhole plant turns yellowish in drying.

6. P. griseum: grayish pubescent ; stem nearly erect ; leaflets 5-6 pairs,
lanceolate-oblong and linear-oblong, acute, mucronate, thickly and conspicu-
ously dotted beneath ; spikes cylindrical, on shortish peduncles; calyx dense-
ly silky-villous, somewhat glandular, rather shorter than the bracts; the teeth
semi-ovate, shorter than the tube ; petals ovate ; vexillum cordate.

Pine woods near the Sabine River, Dr. Leavenworth! Texas, Drum-
mond! — Plant 2-3 feet high, terete, of a reddish color, usually branched in
a paniculate manner either near the summit or from the middle upward.
Leaflets 5-6 lines long, rather thinly pubescent on both surfaces with soft
appressed hairs. Spikes about 2 inches long. Bracts subulate, as long as
the flowers. Corolla pale rose-color. Petals scarcely acute at the base, as
long as the vexiUum. — The dried plant is of a duU grayish-green color.
Nearly allied to the preceding species, but readily distinguished by its much
less dense pubescence and conspicuously dotted leaves.

7. P. phleoides : stem pubescent; leaflets (particularly the margins) and
petioles hairy ; leaflets 6-S pairs, linear-oblong, conspicuously dotted beneath;
spikes cylindrical, on long peduncles ; bracts awned, longer than the calyx,
hairy ; calyx glabrous, hairy on the margin, naked with large glands, cleft or
obliquely truncated at the upper side ; the teeth very short approximated to
the lower side ; petals lanceolate-linear ; vexillum broadly cordate.

P.microphyUum: leaves very numerous; leaflets 14-18 pairs, nearly lin-
ear, very small; calyx hairy.

Arkansas, Dr. Leavenworth ! P. Texas, Drummond ! — (l) About 2 feet
high, simple {p. branched at the summit). Spikes about 2 inches long.
Leaflets 4-5 lines long (in /?. 2-3 lines long, closely approximated). Calyx
marked with large resinous glands. Petals extremely narrov/, acute at the
base, white : claw of the vexiUum passing through the deep notch of the
calyx.

8. P. obovatum : very tomentose (without glands?) ; stem erect or ascend-
ing ; leaflets 4 pairs, obovate, obtuse, silky-lanuginous beneath ; spike sub-
sessile, ovate, very thick ; bracts ovate, acuminate, larger than the calyx,
both densely villous ; teeth of the calyx subulate, as long as the tube ; vexil-
lum ovate, subcordate.

Texas, Drummond ! — Whole plant almost woolly with soft grayish hairs.
Stem thick. Leaflets rather remote, more than half an inch long, 3-4 lines
wide. Bracts almost concealing the flowers, concave with a long acumi-
nate point. Vexillum (pale purple?) with the claAV as long as the limb;
the other petals not seen. — Remarkable for its large and broad leaflets, and
very thick subsessile spike.

9. P. violaceum (Michx.) : somewhat pubescent or glabrous ; leaflets 2
pairs, linear, with a few glands beneath; spikes very dense, varying from
globose-ovate to oblong-cylindrical, pedunculate j calyx sUky-canescent ; teeth

Petalostemon. LEGUMINOS^. 311

about one-third the length of the tube ; petals oblon<T, obtuse at the base, with
short claws ; vexilluni cordate. — Michx. ! Ji. 2. />. 50, /. 37, /. 2 ; Nutt. t^en.
2. p. 85; DC. jrrodr. 2. p. 243; Hook. jl. Uor.-Am. 1. p. 138. Dalca vi-
olacea, Willd. sp. 3. p. 1337. D. purpurea. Vent. hort. Cels. t. 40, fide DC.
Dry prairies, Western and South Western States ! and Texas ! North
to Saskatcliawan River. July-Aug. — 1^ Root thick, somewhat fusilurin,
fasciculately branched below. Stems numerous from one root, about 2 feet
high. Leaves fascicled : leaflets G-10 lines long. Bracts obovate-spatulate,
rather shorter than tlie calyx, acuminate, the points nearly glabrous. Flow-
ers bright purplish-violet, retaining their color when dry.

10. P . carneum {'^I'lchx.) : glabrous: leaflets 2-3 pairs, lanceolate-linear,
glandular; spikes oblong, pedunculate; calyx glabrous, without glands, rather
shorter than the obovate bracts, the teeth much shorter than the tube ; petals
(rose color) oblong, attenuate at the base into a long claw ; vexillum oblong.
—Michx.! jl. 2. p. 49; DC. prodr. 2. j)- '2i'i. P. roseurn, Nutt. in Sill,
jour. 5. p. 298; DC. i.e.

p. alhidum: corolla white. — P. carneum, EU. six. 2. p. 176.

Sandy soils, Georgia, and Middle Florida, Michaux ! Dr. Chapman!
/?. near Milledgeville, Georgia, />r. /?07//c/« .' Aug. — % Stem slender, 1-2
feet high, much branched. Leaves fascicled: leaflets usually 3 pairs, about
half an inch long, acute. Spikes an inch or more in length, on long pedun-
cles. Calyx slightly pubescent on the margin, cleft on the upper side, the
teeth scarcely one-third the length of the tube. Petals pale (or sometimes
rather deep) rose-color; in 3. pure Avhite. — With the exception of the white
flowers and rather narrower petals in /?., we can find no character to distin-
guish it from the ordinary form.

11. P. decumhens (J^nil.): sparingly pubescent ; stem branched from the
base, decumbent; spikes OA'-ate-oblong, thick; leaflets 3-4 pairs, linear-ob-
long, mucronate, slightly dotted; calyx shorter than the acuminate bracts;
the teeth lanceolate, longer than the tube; petals linear-oblong, obtuse at the
base ; claws short ; vexillum cordate. — Nutt.! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 93.

Plains of Red River, Arkansas, Nuttall ! — 11 Stem about a foot long.
Leaflets 6-8 lines long and 2 lines wide. Spikes one inch long and about
J of an inch in diameter. Calyx a little pubescent, particularly on the mar-
gins of the teeth. Corolla deep violet-purple. — Near P. violaccum; but Avith
larger and more numerous leaflets, a deeper-cleft calyx, narrower petals, &c.
The upper surface of the leaves turns to a verdigris-green in drying.

12. P. emarginatum : glabrous ; leaflets 7-8 pairs, cuneiform, emarginafe,
dotted beneath ; spikes cylindrical, on very long peduncles ; bracts broadly
obovate, acuminate, longer than the flowers; calyx very villous, deeply 5-
cleft, the segments lanceolate ; petals oblong, rather obtuse at the base ; vex-
illum oblong, emarginate.

Texas, Drummond! — @ Stem about 2 feet high. Leaves numerous:
leaflets one-third of an inch long, deeply emarginate. Spikes compact, on
peduncles 6-10 inches long. Bracts siiky-villous ; lower ones much dilated.
Flowers bright rose-purple. Petals with short claws. Limb of the vexillum
(when expanded) somewhat 4-sided.— A very distinct species, having much
the appearauce of Dalea alopecuroides. The leaves become verdigris-green
when dry.

13. P. corymbosum (Michx.) : stem corymbosely branched at the sum-
mit; spikes globose; bracts lar^e and much dilated, the lowest ones empty
and bearing leaflets ; leaves fascicled ; leaflets 2-3 pairs, linear ; calyx deep-
ly cleft ; the segments setaceous, Tplumosc. —Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 50 ; Pursh, fl.

2. p. 461 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 176; DC. prodr. 2. p. 244, excl. syn. Eaf. Da-
lea Kuhnistera, Willd. sp. 3. v. 1337. Kuhnistera Caroliniensis, Lam. diet.

3. p. 370.

312 LEGUMINOSiE. Trifolicm.

Dry sandy pine woods, North Carolina ! to Florida ! Alabama, Dr. Gates !
Sept.-Oct.— !<: Stems several from one root, erect, simple below, much
branched at the sunnnit ; the branchlets terminating in roundish compact
heads nearly half an inch in diameter. Bracts nearly orbicular, ciliate, riiu-
cronate, the lowest ones bearing one or more pairs of leaflets resembling
those of the stem. Leaflets almost fihform, dotted. Flowers white. Seg-
ments of the calyx 3-4 times as long as the tube. Petals oblong-lanceolate,
attenuate at the base: vexillum oblong. — This species on account of its habit,
its large involucrate bracts, deeply divided and plumose calyx, and narrow
petals, has been separated as a distinct genus ; but scarcely on sufficient
grounds, for several other species have a similar calyx and very narrow pe-
tals, and in P. multiflorum the stem is somewhat corymbosely branched.
There is no other species, however, with similar spikes.

Tribe IV. TRIFOLIE^E. Bronn.

Corolla papilionaceous. Stamens diadelphous (9 & 1). Legume
continuous, 1-celled, dehiscent and several-seeded, or l-fevv-seeded and
nearly indehiscent. Radicle inflexed. — Erect or procumbent, mostly-
low herbs, rarely a little shrubby. Leaves palmately or pinnately tri-
foliolate, or sometimes 5-7-foliolate, exstipellate : leaflets often tooth-
ed or serrulate ! Inflorescence axillary or terminal, racemose, spi-
cate, capitate, or umbellate.

29. TRIFOLIUM. Tourn. inst. t. 228; Linn, (partly) ; DC.prodr. I. c.

Calyx tubular or campanulate (not glandular), persistent, 5-cleft ; the seg-
ments subulate or setaceous. Corolla commonly marcescent or persistent;
the petals usually all more or less united at the base, free from (or occasion-
ally coherent with) the stamen-tube : vexillum longer than the wings, and
these mosfly longer than the keel. Ovary 2-6-ovuled : style filiform. Le-
gumes small, membranaceous, 1-2- or sometimes 3-6-seeded, indehiscent, or
often dehiscent by the ventral suture, included in the calyx-tube or more or
less exserted; rarely coriaceous and stipitate. — Herbs, often caespitose or
diff'use. Leaves palmately 3- (rarely 5-7-) foUolate, or occasionally pinnate-
ly trifoliolate: leaflets commonly denticulate ; the veins straight, simple or
forked, but scarcely reticulated (except in § Involucrarium). Stipules adnate
to the base of the petiole. Flowers axiflary or terminal, densely spicate,
capitate, or subumbellate, bracteate : petals purple, red, white, ochroleucous,
or yellow. — Clover. Trefoil.

§ 1. Heads or spikes not involucrate. — Trifolium proper.

♦ Corolla marcescejit or deciduous, never yellow : jloioers in pedunculate or sessile
spikes or ovate heads, not dejlexed when old : calyx not inflated after flowering.

1. T. altissimum (Dougl.) : glabrous ; stem erect, tall ; leaflets linear-lan-
ceolate, denticulate, on very long petioles, the uppermost nearly sessile ; sti-
pules lanceolate, acuminate, adnate to the petiole nearly their whole length;
heads of flowers oblong, ebracteate, pedunculate ; calyx wholly glabrous, the

Trifouum. LEGUMINOS.T:, 313

4 upper tcolh somewhat, spirally incurved or tortuous. Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1
p. i:io, t.AS.

Orei^oii, bptwpcn the Spolcan River and Kettle Falls, Doi'frlns. Abundant
also on Grand Ronde Prairie, east of the RUie Mountains. JViittall. Jiiui--
Aug. — U I^'lowers rather large, red. Calyx-tube cauipanulate, a little in-
flated. Legume 1-2-seeded. Ilnolc.

2. T. pJitmasum (Dougl.) : silky-pubescent ; stem erect, tall ; leaflets lin-
ear-lanceolate, acuminate, denticulate, on very long petioles, the viiipennost
subsessile ; stipules linear-lanceolate, acuminate, adnate above the middle to
the petiole; heads of flowers conical-oblong, pedunculate, ebracteate; calyx
very hairy ; the teeth linear, straight, silky-plumose, longer than the tube of
the corolla; ovary 4-ovtded. Honk. fl. Bur.-Am. 1. p. 1.30, t. 49.

Blue Mountains, Oregon ; in alluvial soil, Dmiirla.s, NuttnU. June-July. —
y Leaflets very acute. Stipules large ; the upper ones broader and shorter.
Spikes about 3 inches long. Flowers white, at length somewhat spreading.
Hook.

.-^ 3. T. eriocfiphalxm (Niitt.l mss.) : " softly pilose or villous, stem erect;

/ leaves all on long petioles ; leaflets lanceolate or oblong-lunceolate, acutely
and minutely serrulate; stipules linear-lanceolate, acuminate ; heads svibglo-
bose, pedunculate, the flowers at length reflrxed ; calyx very hairy, divided
nearly to the base; the teeth filiform, two-thirds the length of the corolla,
plumose.

"Prairies of the Wahlamet, and near Fort Vancouver ; not uncommon.
May. — 11 Root somewhat fusiform and branching, tuberous, blackish.
Stem nearly simple, about a span high. Heads about an inch in diameter.
Flowers ochroleucous: petals and stamens united. Legume 1-seeded."
Nuttall. — Nearly allied to T. plumosum.

y— 4. T. arvense (Linn.) : somewhat silky-pubescent ; stem erect, branch-
ing ; leaflets spatulate-lanceolate, obtu -e, minutely 3-loothed at the apex, en-
tire or obscurely serrulate, longer than the petiole; stipules ovate, sctaceously
acuminate ; spikes oblong-cylindrical, very viUous, more or less pedunculate
or subsessile; teeth of the calyx setaceous, longer than the corolla, at length
spreading; petals scarcely connected. — Emr.bot. <. 944 ; Mich.r.! tl. 2. p.
59; Ell. sk.2. p. 202; DC. prodr. 2. ;;. 190; Hook. I.e.; Darlingt. Jl.
Cest. p. 406.

Old fields, &c. Canada! to Florida! Introduced? June-Aug. — (J) Plant
8-12 inches high. Spikes at length laAvny. Corolla whitish, with a purple
spot on the wings. Legume 1-seeded. — The spikes are at first nearly sessile
and as it were bracteate at the base ; but when old the peduncles are fre-
quently as long as the spikes. — Stone-Clover. Rabbit-Foot.

_,—- 0. T. albopurpureuvi : decumbent or assurgent, viUous-pubescent ; leaves
' all on long petioles ; leaflets narrowly cuneiform, truncate or emarginate, den-
ticulate; stipules ovate-lanceolate, subulate-acuminate ; spikes ovaie, very vil-
lous, at length on slender peduncles ; teeth of the calyx setaceous, some-
what spreading, rather longer than the corolla; petals scarcely connected.

C^\\ion\\dL, Douglas! — (l) Stems filiform, somewhat branched, about 6
inches long. Leaflets about half an inch in length. Flowers a little larg-
er than in T. arvense, whitish and purple: vexillum oblong. Legume 1-
seeded.

— - 6. T. pratense (Linn.) : stems ascending, a little hairy ; leaflets obcordate
or oblong-ovate, and often emarginate, nearly entire; stipules broadly lanceo-
late, membranaceous, nerved, setaceously acuminate ; heads of flowers ovate,
dense, nearly sessile, bracteate; teeth of the calyx setaceous, hairy, the lower
one much longer than the other 4, which arc equal and about half the length

40

314 LEGUMINOSi52. Trifolium

of the corolla.— P7rrs/!, fl. 2. f. 478; E77g. hot. t. 1170; E'h sk. 2. p. 202;
na I. c. ; Bi':d. p. Bost.p.27l; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. I. p. 191; JJarlingt.
ji. Cest. p. 406.

Meadows and cultivated fields, Canada! to Florida. Also Oregon, Dr.
Scouler, Do2(ff-his. Introduced from Europe. — (9) or 11 Leaflets glabrous
above, often marked with a pale lunulate spot. Flowers purplish-red : petals
all united into a tube at the base. — Common Clover. Bed Clover.

7. T. medium (Linn.) : almost glabrous ; stem nearly erect, flexuous,
branching ; leaflets oblong or elliptical, nearly entire ; stipules lanceolate,
acuminate; heads of flowers subglobose, rather loose, solitary, more or less
pedunculate, sometimes bracteate ; teeth of the calyx setaceous, somewhat
hairy ; the lower one longest, shorter than the tube of the corolla. — Eve.
hot. t. 190 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 195. T. flexuosum, Jacq. Ji. Austr. t. 386,
ex Seringe.

Meadows, Essex county, Massachusetts, Mr. Oakes! Introduced.— 2^
Heads larger than in the preceding species ; the flowers of a deeper purple
tint. Leaves without spots.

8. T. longipes {l^niX.l mss.): " somewhat pubescent ; stem erect or as-
cending, simple ; leaves on slender petioles ; leaflets hnear-lanceolate, serru-
late, silky-pubescent beneath ; stipules semi-lanceolate, acuminate, foliaceous ;
heads roundish-ovate, ebracteate, on very long peduncles ; segments of the
calyx setaceous, much longer than the tube, somewhat equal ; petals lanceo-
late ; ovary 5-ovuled.

" Valleys of the central chain of the Rocky Mountain range, and on the
moist plains of the Oregon as low as the Wahlamet ; forming extensive
fields of herbage. May-July. — U Root creeping. Stem 2-3 inches to a
foot high. Lower petioles 3-4 inches long in tall specimens ; upper ones
about an inch in length : leaflets of the lower leaves elliptical. Peduncles
2-S inches long: heads nearly an inch in diameter. Flowers ochroleuccus:
petals almost acuminate ; the keel and wings united with the stanien-tube ;
vexillum free." Nattall.

9. T. Andinum (Nutt. ! mss ) : "caespilose, silky-canescent ; caudex short
and thick, branched above ; leaves mostly radical ; leaflets cuneate-oblong,
apiculate; stipules broadly ovate, membranaceous ; heads of flowers hemi-
spherical, solitary, on short scapes, bracteate at the base, with 2 sessile sheath-
ing leaves; calyx densely villous; teeth subulate, shorter than the tube ; ova-
ry 3-4-ovuled ; legume 1-seeded.

" Summit of dry rocky hills in the central chain of the Rocky Mountain
range. May-June.— li Plant in dense clusters, scarcely rising two inches
above the surface ; the caudex chiefly subterranean. Petioles half an inch
to an inch in length; leaflets rigid, slightly serrulate towards the extremity,
3-5 lines long. "Heads half an inch in diameter, with roundish scarious
bracts at the base, subtended bv a pair of opposite bracteal leaves ; the large
membranaceous stipules of which bear a sessile trifoliolate lamina, similar to
the other leaflets of the plant. Flowers rather small, ochroleucous [persist-
ent and turning brown ?], rather small: vexillum free." Nuttall.—A curious
truly alpine species, perhaps not properly referred to this section of the genus.

** Corolla persistent, never yellow , usually becoming scarious or rather coriaceous and
turjiing broicnishtvlien old: flowers in globose heads or umbels {rarely few), de-
fiexed when old : calyx not inflated after flowering.

10. T. nanum (Torr.) : glabrous, ceespitose ; caudex very short, branching
above ; leaflets 3, obovate-cblong, somewhat acuminate, denticulate, strongly
reined, on rather long petioles; stipules membranaceous, ovate, cuspidate;
peduncles very short, radical, umbellat^ly about 3-flowered ; flowers large ;

Trifomum. LEGUMINOSiE. 315

calyx tuhiilixr-rampanulato, ijlabrous ; the teeth nearly equal, trianofiilnr-fiiibu-
late, shorter llian tlie tube; vexilkini broadly obovate, tlin-e tiincs the b'tiirtli
of the calyx ; legume 4-5-seeded. — Ton\ ! in ann. lye. Ntic- York, 1. ]>. '^b.
t. 3,/ 4.

On James' Peak, Rocky Mountains, /?r. James! — If Plant 1-2 inches
hi<Th. Leaflets marly halt an inch Ions'. Flowers about ^ of an inch in
lenijth, purple ? Vexilluui broadly obovate. — Aearly allied to T. uuiliorum
iind T. exiuiium.

-I— 11. T. dnsyphylhtm : densely ctes])itosc ; caudex short and thick, branch-
ing above; leaves, peduncles, and calyx canesoently silky with brownish
hairs ; leaflets 3. lanceolate or oblong-lanceolute, acute or acuminate, tntire ;
stipules membranaceous, lanceolate, subulate-acuminate; head globose, many-
flowered, on a \ox\g radical j)eduncle ; teeth of the calyx subulate-setaceous,
nearly equal, longer than the tube and half as long as the corolla ; legume 3-
4-seeded.

Suumiitof the Rocky Mountains, Dr. James! — U Plant 3-4 inches hicjh.
Caudex mostly subterranean. Leaves ou slender petioles, half the lengtii of
the peduncle. Head of flowers an inch in diameter: corolla purple; the
vexillum ovate, covering the wings and the keel.

12. T. megacephabim (Nutt.) : hairy ; stem ascending ; leaflets 5-7, ob-
long-cuneiform, raucronate, spinubse-denticulate; stipules large, foliaccous,
ovate, spinulose-serrate ; head of flowers (very large) ovate-globose ; calyx
with a very short tube ; the teeth setaceous, very long, but shorter than the
corolla ; vexillum large, broad below and lolded round the other petals ; le-
gume stipitate. Hook. — Nalt.gen.2. p. 105; DC. prodr. 2. p.20i; Hook.
Ji. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 132. Lupinaster macrocephalus, Pursh, Jl. 2. p. 479, t. 23.

Head-waters of the Missouri, Lexris ; and on moist elevated ground near
the sources of the Oregon, Douglas. April-May. — 1i About a foot high.
Leaves on long petioles. Flowers nearly 2 inches long. Teeth of the calyx
silky-plumose. Corolla ochroleucous; the keel purplish. Stamen-tube coales-
ccnt below with the wings and keel. Legume 2-see.ded.

-A 13. T. reflp.xum (Linn.): pubescent; stem ascending or decumbent;
leaflets obovate or obovate-oblong, sometimes emarginate, crenulate-serrulate ;
stipules foliaceous, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate ; heads of flowers subumbel-
iate, dense ; calyx hirsute, parted nearly to the base ; the teeth subulate, half
as lono^ as the corolla ; vexillum broadly ovate ; legume 3-5 seeded. — Mich.v. !
fl. 2. p. 59 ; P7irsh, fl. 2. p. 447; Ell. sk. 2. p. 282 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 201
"(not of Waldst. ^- lut. ^ DC. I. c. p. 197) ; Hook. hot. mag. t. 3171. T.
Pennsvlvanicum, IVnid.? ; DC.l.c.7

Meadows, and alluvial soils, North Carolina ! to Florida, & Western States !
to Louisiana! and Texas! April-June. — (l) ? Stem 12-18 inches high.
Heads of flowers larger than in Red-Clover : ^peduncles about twice as long
as the head. Flowers handsome : vexillum rose-rt d, wings and keel white. —
Buffalo Clover.

14. T. stolonifermn {VLvihl.) : glabrous; stem creeping, with short axilla-
ry erect flowering branches; leaflets broadly obcordate, crenulate-denticulate ;
stipules membranaceous, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, foliaceous ; heads of
flowers loose, umbellate ; calyx nearly glabrous; the teeth twice as long as
the tube, subulate, less than half the length of the corolla ; legume 2- (rarely
3-) seeded. — Muhl. cat. p. 70 ; Eaton, man. ed. 7. p. 564 ; Beck, hot. p. SO.

Fields and open woods, Kentucky ! Ohio, Missouri ! &c. May-June. —
11 Stems G-10 inches long, several from one root. Leaflets of the flowering
branches 6-10 lines wide. Heads an inch or more in diameter Flowers
white: vexillum a little tinged with purple, obovate. — Allied to the preceding
s'pecies.-^ Running Buffalo Clover.

316 LEGUMINOSiE. Trifolium.

15. T. gracilcntum : nearly glabrous; stem slender, erect or ascending;
middle leaves on very long filiform petioles ; leaflets cuneate-obcordate, spi-
nulose-serrulate ; stipules rather foliaceous, the lower ones linear-lanceolate
and setaceously acuminate, the uppermost ovate-lanceolate and shorter : heads
loose, 15-25-flowered ; calyx glabrous ; the teeth lanceolate-subulate, setace-
ously acuminate, thrice the length of the tube and about one-third shorter
than the corolla ; legume 1-seeded.

California, Douglas! — (J) Stem 8-10 inches high. Petioles of the mid-
dle leaves 4 inches long ; those of the lowermost and especially the upper-
most leaves much shorter. Heads as large as in T. repens : flowers purple.

16. T. repens {hmn.): glabrous; stems creeping, difluse; leaflets obcor-
date, sometimes rather ovate and emarginate, denticulate; stipules scarious,
narrowly lanceolate ; heads of flowers globose, subumbellate, on very long
axillary peduncles ; teeth of the calyx unequal, lanceolate-subulate, shorter
than the tube; legume about 4-seeded. — Evg. hot. t. 1769; Michx. ! jl. 2. p.
59 ; Pursh, fl. 2. p. All ; Darhngt. fi. Cest. p. 407.

Pastures and Avaste places, sometimes in woodlands; common throughout
North America. April-Nov. — !(. Flowers Avhite, sometimes purplish, with-
ering and becoming pale dirty brown when old. — White Clover.

' 17. T. aviphian/Jnim : small; stems creeping, a little puberulent ; leaflets
(small) broadly obcordate, crenulate ; stipules scarious, ovate, obtuse, or Avith
a short abrupt point ; heads rather f'eAV-IioAvered, on long filiform peduncles;
teeth of the calyx lanceolate-subulate, as long as the tube ; legume 3-4-seed-
ed ; the stoloniferous branches also bearing solitary fertile floAvers in the axils
of the leaves, on short recurved peduncles.

Texas, Drrimmond! — 11 Rooting stems throwing up leav^es at intervals
of about half an inch. Peduncles 2-3 times the length of the leaves: vexil-
lum ovate. Radical floAvers (subterranean? ) perfect, ripening 2-3 seeds;
the corolla and teeth of the calyx very short ; style very short, recurved.

-— / IS. T. Carolinianum (Michx.) : small, more or less pubescent ; stems at
first erect, at length diffuse or procumbent ; leaflets cuneate-obcordate (the
upper ones only emarginate), crenulate ; stipules ovate, acuminate, fohaceous ;
heads fcAV- (10-20-) floAvered, depressed; calyx parted almost <to the base;
the teeth lanceolate, rather unequal, a httle shorter than the corolla ; vexilluin
roundish-ovate, Avith a short abrupt point, covering the wines and keel ; le-
gume 4 seeded.— /1/m-/!.2-..' /?. 2. p. 58; Ell. sk. 2. p. 200; DC. prodr. 2. p.
201. T. umbcllatum, Seringe., in DC. I. c. T. oxypetalum, Fisch. <f
Meyer, ind.sem. St. Petersb. {Dec. 1835) p. 51.

Sandy fields, S. Carolina! to Florida! west to Arkansas! and Texas!
March-May. — [T) Plant 3-6 or S inches high, at first erect and simple, at
length much branched from the base, and forming tufts. Calyx often pur-
plish. Corolla white, tinged Avith purple.

* * * Corolla yellow, turning to chestnut-brownwhcn old, scarious andjpersistent : jlow-
ers in ovate heads, at length dejlexed : calyx not inflated after Jlowering. {Leaves
.often f innately trifoliolate.)

19. T, prncumbens {hinri.): stem procumbent or ascending, pubescent ;
leaves on short petioles ; leaflets cuneate-obcordate, or cuneate-oblong and
emarginate, denticulate, the loAver pair distant from the terminal one; sti-
pules rather foliaceous, ovate, ciliate, much shorter than the petioles ; heads
of flowers dense, on slender axillary peduncles ; teeth of the calyx unequal,
the two upper ones very short; vexillum striate when old ; legume 1-seeded.
— Pursh, /?. 2. p. 479 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 205 ; Bigel.fi. Bost. p. 271;
Darlingt.fi. Cest. p. 408. T. minimum, Bart, prodr.fi. Philad. 2. p. 74.

Trifolium. LEGUMINOS^E. 217

Sandy fields and roadgides, Massaclui'^ctts ! to Virginia ! Introdiirrd fnun
Euro|ii-. May-Sojjt. — (I) Flowers snialltT than in T. airrarium. — Tlii' tcr-
niinai leaflet is usually said to be jjttiululate, liut it is no more so than the
lateral ones : tlie common petiole is prolonged beyond the lateral leaflets; so
that the leaves are, in fact, pinnately triloliolale, as are several species of this
section. Seringe mentions a variety in which the leaves are sometimes pinnate.

■ 20. 7\ nirrarinm {h'\nn.): stem ascendinfr or erect, minutely pubescent;
leaves on rather short ])etioles ; leaflets cunoate-oblonj^ or obovate-oblotic, of-
ten emar^jinate, denticulate, all subsessile ; stipules foliaceous, linear-lanceu-
late, coheiing with the petiole for more than half its length; heads of flowers
dense, on shortish peduncles terminating the branches, or sometimes axillary ;
teeth of the calvx unequil, the two upper ones shorter; vexillum striate
when old; leirume l-seedcd. — Piash, Ji. 2. p.AlS; DC. I. c. ; JJarlingl.
Ji. Cest. p. 408.

Sandy fields and roadsides, Massachusetts ! to Pennsylvania ! Introdu-
ced from Europe. June-Aug. — (i) Stem 6-15 inches lonir, brandling.
Flowers, as in all the section, at length reflexed and imbricated downwards.
Leaves palmately trifoliolate. — Yello%p Clover. Jlop-Clovei-.

§ 2. Heads of flowers subtended by a monophyUous (^usually many-cleft)
inrolucre. (Legume often dehiscent at the ventral suture: veins of the
leaves often reticulated.) — Involucrarium, Hook.

A-21. T. microcephalum (Pursh) : pubescent or hairy, ascending or procum-
bent, branched; leaflets obcordate, or obovate-cuneiform and often emargin-
ate, denticulate; stipules ovate, acuminate, nearly entire ; heads subglobose
(small), on long axillary peduncles ; involucre many-clefi, the segments
equal, entire ; calyx hairy ; the teeth equal, straight, subulate, broad at the
base, as long as the tube, about the length of the corolla; legvmie indehiscent,
1-seeded.— /■'urs/i, fl. 2. p. 478 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 207 ; nou/c. ! fl. Bor.-Am.
1. p. 132. (excl. /?.?)

Oregon, from the mountains to near the sea, Lewis, Dr. Scouler ! Nut-
tall ! California, Menzies. — Stem 6-12 inches or more long, slender.
Heads about one-fourth of an inch in length. Segments of the involucre about
9. Legume turgid.

22. T. variegatum. (Nutt. ! mss.) : "glabrous, decumbent, branching ; leaf-
lets obovate-oblong or somewhat obcordate, minutt ly spinulose-serrate ; up-
per stipules roundish, laciniately dentate with subulate-setaceous teeth ; pe-
duncles axillary, longer than the leaves ; involucre laciniately many-cleft,
shorter than the subglobose head ; teeth of the glabrous calvx equal, lanceolate-
subulate, w ith setaceous points, much longer than the tube, shorter than the
corolla; legume dehiscent, 1-2-seeded."— T. microcephalum fi. glabrum,
Hook. I. c. ?

fi. heads larger; peduncles twice the length of the leaves.

Springy places near the mouth of the Wahlamet, Nuttall ! 0. California,
Douglas ! — (y) Stem S-12 inches long. Lower leaflets with a lunulata
spot. Heads about hall an inch in diameter. Corolla dull purple, whitish
at the tip.
-^ 23. T. fimbriatum (Lindl.) : prostrate, glabrous ; leaflets oblons: or slightly
cuneate, spinulose-denticulate ; stipules ovate, acuminate, laciniate-spinulose;
involucre laciniately many-cleft, shorter than the subglobose heads; teeth of
the calyx broadly subulate, straight, half the length of the corolla [legumes
2-seeded]. //oo/i.— /v?«d/. bot. reg.t. 1070; Hook.fi. Bor.-Am. I. p. 133;
Hook. <!^ Am. bot. Beechey, p. 137. ♦

Common in salt marshes of the N. W. Coast from Cape Orford to Califor-
nia. Menzies, Douglas, Dr. Scouler. (v.s. in hort.) — Stems long and thick.

318 LEGUMINOSilS. Trifolium.

Leaflets an inch or more in Icns^th, conspicuously frinsrcd with spinulose-se-
tactous teeth. Heads an inch in diameter. Teeth of the calyx shorter than
the tube, unequal, spiny. Corolla slender, purple. Legume 2-seeded. — We
have only examined cultivated specimens : in these the leaflets are ahnost
lanceolate or oblanceolate.

24. T. spinulosum (Dougl.): prostrate, clahrous; leaflets cblong, acute at
each end, spinulose-denticulate, terminated by a rigid spiny point ; stipules
ovate, acuminate, sninulose-serrate; involucre laciniately many-cleft, shorter
than the subglobo>e heads ; teeth of the calyx narrowly subulate, pungent,
straight, a little shorter than the corolla (corolla white, the keel and wings
tipped with fine purple). — Hook. ^ft. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 133.

li. triste: leaflets oblong-cunclform ; corolla duU purple. — T. triste, Awi^ /
mss.

Oregon, "near springs, in mountain vallies, forming a dense short sward ;
the herbage preferred to everything else by deer and horses." Douglas., in
Hook. p. St. Barbara, California, Nuttall ! — Smaller and more slender
than the preceding species. Teeth of the calyx 3 or 4 times the length of
the tube, setaceous. Legume 2-seeded.

25. T. heterodon : decumbent, glabrous ; leaflets oblong or oval, some-
what cuneiform at the base, mucronalely ciliate-serrulate, obtuse, the lowermost
mostly emarginate ; stipules membranaceous, ovate, acuminate, laciniately
serrate with subulate teeth, the lov/er ones lanceolate and often nearly entire;
involucre laciniately many-cleft, much shorter than the (large) hemispherical
head ; teeth of the calyx narrowly subulate, nearly equal, longer than the tube,
much shorter than the corolla ; legume 3-6-seeded.

a. teeth of the calyx entire ; the two upper ones united a little highest. — T.
atropurpureum, Niiit.! mss.

3. lower teeth of the calyx setaceously 2-3-cleft. T. calocephalum, Nutt.!
mss.

J/, teeth of the calyx usually all deeply and unequally 2-3-cleft; the seg-
ments setaceous.

Oregon and California, a. Borders of m.arthes near the mouth of the
Oregon, Nuttall! Dr. Seoul er ! 0. St. Barbara, Douglas! Nuttall! y.
California, Douglas ! June. — 11 Stems several from one root, 10-18 inches
long, simple or a little branching, usually producing only terminal heads.
Leaflets ^-1 inch in length, very finely and sharply serrulate. Heads an inch,
or a little more, in diameter, depressed, on slender peduncles. Flowers large,
rather dark purple ; the vexillum paler at ihe tip. Calyx-teeth a little spread-
ino-. Ovary somewhat stipitate. — We have long possessed specimens of this
species collected by Dr. Scouler (as v^'dl as the various forms from Doug-
las's collection), but we do not find it described in Hooker's Flora.

26. T. involucratum (Willd.): nearly erect, glabrous; leaflets narrowly
linear-lanceolate, mucronate, spinulosely serrulate; stipules mcmbiaracec us,
cblong-ovate, aristate, the ujiper onespectinately dentate with setaceous teeth,
the lowermost narrower and nearly entire ; involucre laciniately many-cleft,
a little shorter than the rather loose subhemispherical heads; teelh of the
calyx much shorter than the tube, subulate from a very broad base, pungent,
entire or often 1-toothed at the base on each side, a little shorter than the
corolla; legume dehiscent, 1-2-seedeA.— Willd. sp. 3. p. 1372?; Sviith. in
Rees, cycl; Hook.! ft. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 133, not ot Kuvth, ^ DC. T. "S^'ill-
denovii, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 208 ? T. tridentatum, Lindl. bot. reg. sub t.
1070.

/?. leaflets of the lower leaves linear, entire.

Dry gravelly soils, CaUfornia, Menzies, Douglas ! and from the mouth of
the Oregon to the Rocky Mountains, Douglas^ Nuttall! — (T) Plant slender,
br:inching from the base, the divisions 10-18 inches high, slender, scarcely

Thifomcm. LEGUMINOS/E. 319

branched. Leaflets 1-1^ inch in leni^th ; the petioles rather lonc;er than the
ii'allcts. Heads 6-S lines in diameter, 12-18-llowered, on slender peduncles.
Flowers purple, tipped with white.

27. T. acicninre (Nutt. mss.) : "erect, branchinf^ from the base ; leaflets
narrowly lanceolate-linear, acute, spinulosely and closely serrulate; lower sti-
pules entire, acuminate, upper ones laciniate ; involucre many-cleft, some-
what shorter than the u'lobose head; flowers reflexed ; teeth of the calyx sim-
ple (or rarely toothed at the base), subulate, as long as the tube, rather shorter
than the corolla ; letrume linear-oblona. 2-seeded.

"Plains of St. Barbara. March-April.— (l) Rather tall; stem terete. Leaf-
lets about 2 inches lons^. the upper ones on shortish petioles. Peduncles 3-4
inches lon<j. Calyx at lenijth nearly campanulate. with lon::^ pungent teeth.
Corolla brownish-red. — Nearly allied to T. tridentatum.*' Nultall.

23. T. pohjphyniim (Nutl. mss.): "somewhat erect, glabrous; leaflets
3-5, lanceolate-linear, spinulosely serrulate ; stipules acuminate, laciniate
and spinulose ; involucre many-cleft, someAvhat shorter than the subglobose
head ; teeth of the calyx rather broadly subulate, pungent, about the length
of the tube, and rather shorter than the abbreviated corolla ; legume 2-seeded.

" Woods around St. Barbara, Upper California. A[)ril. — (T) Resembles
the preceding, but the flowers are smaller and the leaflets longer and more
numerous (sometimes as many as 6)." Nutlall. — We have seen no speci-
mens of this and the preceding species : they seem to be very near T. involu-
cratum.

-A 29. T. pauciflorum (Nutt. ! mss.) : "glabrous, nearly erect, slender, much
^ branched from the base ; lower leaflets cuncate-oblong ; upper ones lanceo-
late-linear, acuminate, distantly and minutely spinulose-serrulate ; stipules
laciniate, acuminate ; involucre many-cleft, much shorter than the small few-
flowered head ; teeth of the calyx simple, broadly subulate, pungent, scarcely
longer than the tube, and shorter than the corolla ; legume 2-seeded.

" Wet places on the higher plains of the Oregon, particularly abundant
nearly the outlet of the Wahlamet. Aprii-Mny. — 'T) Stem about a foot high,
sometimes sparingly branched above, as well as from the base. Petioles of
the lower leaves very long: the uppermost short. Lowest leaflets obovate,
obtuse or emarginate ; upper ones 8-10 lines long, and about U lines wide.
Stipules rather small. Involucre 12-16 parted, about one-third the length of
the flowers. Heads .5-7-flo\vered. on long filiform (often axillary) peduncles.
Lower part of the corolla dull purple ; upper part whitish."

-/- 30. T.fucatum, (Lindl.) : glabrous, acending ; leaflets roundish-cuneiform,
sharply denticulate, rather thick ; stipules (large) scarious, ovate, entire, mu-
cronate with a long point; peduncles mostly longer than the leaves; invo-
lucre scarcely half the length of the somewhat hemispherical, few-flowered
heads, 9-cleft; the segments ovate, acuminate, entire; calyx many times
shorter than the corolla; the teeth trian'jfular, acute, unequal, about the length
of the tube; wings as long as the vexillum; legume stipitate, 5-8-seeded. —
Lindl. ! hot. resr. t. 1883.

California, Douglas .'—CD Heads 1-2 inches in diameter. Flowers cream-
color mixed with red. Peduncles axillary.

31. T. amplectens : glabrous, erect, branching : leaflets obovate-cuneiform,
mucronately denticulate ; stipules ovate, scarious, entire, aristate-mucronatc ;
peduncles shorter than the leaves; involucre about half the length of the 5-6-
fljwered head, 4-5 parted ; the segments somewhat lobed, obtuse ; calyx much
shorter than the corolla, cleft almost to the base ; the teeth subulate, very un-
equal ; vexillum free, covering the wings ; legume sessile, 6-seeded.

California, Douglas .'—Plant 4-6 inches high. Leaflets rery small, on
slender petioles. Peduncles axillary. Head less than half an inch diametsr.

320 LEGUMINOSiE. Melilotus.

Involucre scarious. Upper teeth of the calyx very short, about one-third the
length of the others.

32. T. cyatlnfcrnm (Lindl.): prostrate or ascending, branched, glabrous;
leaflets oblong and obovate-cuneate ; mucronate, spinulose-serrate ; stipules
somewhat scarious, ovate, laciniatc-toothed ; prduncles long ; involucre cya-
thiform (large), the border obtusely many-tooihed, transversely rugose be-
tween the veins, somewhat shorter than the hemispherical many-flowered
head ; calyx oblong, somewhat inflated, membranaceous ; the teeth setace-
ously 3-many-partcd, as long as the corolla ; legume dehiscent. 2-seeded. —
Lindl hot. reg. suh t. 1070 ; Hnok. f. Eor.-Am. 1. p. 133, t. 50'.

Moist vallies of the Oregon, Douglas ! Rocky Mountains, Nuttnll .' — (T)
Stem 12-18 inches long. Stipules ovate, acuminate or obtuse. Involucre
membranaceous, about 9-toothcd. Heads compact. Corolla very short, pale
rose-color : vexillum free : wings scarcely shorter than the vexillum : keel
and stamen-tube united.

§3. Heads not involucrate : legume coriaceous, globose, exserted, dehis-
cent by the ventral suture. — Chasmalobus, Nutt. mss.

33. T. gymnocarpon (Nutt.! mss.): "cesspitose, minutely pubescent;
caudex short and thick; leaves mostly radical; leaflets oval-oblong or ellip-
tical, obtuse, serrate, nearly glabrous above ; stipules scarious, ova! ; flower-
ing stems very short, a little leafy at the summit ; peduncles about the length
of the petioles ; heads 5-6-flowcred ; segments of the calyx subulate, as long
as the tube ; legume hairy, reticulate-rugose, 1-2-seeded, the stipe about the
length of the calyx-tube."

''Dry hills of the Rocky Mountain range, near the sources of the Sweet-
water of the Platte. May-June. — 71 Plant 2-3 inches high ; the caudex
thickly clothed with the vestigey of stipules. Leaflets 3-5 lines in length :
petioles rather long. Flowering stems scarcely exserted, with one or two
leaves and several peduncles aggregated at the summit. Flowers ochroleu-
cous : vexillum free, oblong. Legume about the size of a small pea. Seeds
large, one of them usually abortive." Niittall.

30. MELILOTUS. Tourn. inst. t.229; Lam. ill. t. 613; W. f Am.
prodr. Ind Or. p. 196.

Calyx tubular or campanulate, persistent, 5-toothed. CoroUa deciduous '.
vexillum free, longer than the Avings : keel-petals completely united, cohering
with the wings, free from the stamen-tube. Style terminal, fiUform. Le-
gumes coriaceous, globose or ovoid, longer than the calyx, scarcely dehiscent,
1-few-seeded. — Annual or perennial (odorous) herbs. Leaves pinnately
trifoliolate : leaflets mostly toothed; veins simple or forked. Stipules adnate
to the base of the petiole. Flowers in axillary somewhat spicate racemes,
yellow or white.

/ 1. M. officinalis (WiWd.): stem erect, with spreading branches; leaflets
obovate-oblong, obtuse, remotely serrate; stipules setaceous; racemes rather
loose ; teeth of the calyx unequal, as Ion? as the tube ; corolla (yellow) more
than twice the length of the calyx; petals nearly equal in length; legumes
ovate, wrinkled, 2-seeded.— If iZ/rf. enum. p. 190; Ell. sk. 2. p. \99] DC.
prodr. 2. p. 186. M. officinalis a., Linn. M. vulgaris, Eaton ! man. ed. 7.
p. 391.

Rich alluvial soils, Canada ! to Georgia. Introduced. June-Aug. — (T) Stem
2-4 feet high. Racemes elongated, somewhat panicled. — Yellow Melilot.

Medicaco. LEGUMINOS.E. 321

2. M. lencanlha (Koclj): stem erect, branched; haflctsovatc-olilonc^, trun-
cate at th-:' apex, rnui'ronate, n-uiotcly serrate; btijiiiles setaceous; racemes
loo-;e; tcrth of tlie calyx unequal, a-; Ions; as the tube ; corolla (\vliitt') more
than twice the length of the calyx, the keel and wings shorter than the vtxil-
lutn; legumes 2-secded, orate, wrinkled. — DC. I. c. M. vulgaris, ll'illd.
■enurn, l. c. M. olficinalis. Pursh, ft. 2. p. ill. M. officinalis (i. alba, Nult.
gen. 2. p. 104. M. alba, Tlmil. ; Eaton., I. c. Trilblium officinale /?. Linn.

Rich soils, alons; rivers, New-York! and New England ! Introduced, .liine-
Au<j. — ''Z) DC. Stem 3-6 feet high. Racemes elongated, panicled. — White
Melilot".

3. M. parri flora (Desf.) : stem ascending or erect, with spreading branch-
es ; leailels of the lower leaves obovate-roundish and often nearly entire;
unp'^r ones cuneate-oblong or linear, truncate or ernarginate, serrate ; stipules
linear-setaceous • spikes at first dense, at length rather loose ; flowers (yellow)
minute; teeth of the calyx broad, nearly equal, half the length of the corolla;
wina-=; almost as long as the keel and vexillum ; legumes globose-ovate, wrink-
led, Vseeded.—ZJe.?/!/?. Atl.2.p. 192; DC. I.e.; Hook, compun. to hot.
mas: 1. p. 22. M. In'dica, Smith.

Near New Orleans, Dr. Ingalls! Drummond. — (l) Doubtless introduced.

4. M occidental is (Nun. mss.) : " stem erect, tall ; leaflets linear-oblong
or obovate, sharply serrate, truncate at the extremity; flowers (yellow) mi-
nute; teeth of the calyx unequal, as long as the tube; vrxillum as long as
the tube: legume 1-2-secded, ovate-orbicular, slightly wrinkled." — M. parvi-
flora? Hook. J^ Am. hot. Beech eij, -. 137?

" Sides of naked hills near the sea, California (also in Peru): apparently
indio'enou^. Very nearly allied to M. linearis." Nuttall ! — The description
seems to agree well with T. parviflora, except in the unequal calyx-teeth.

31. MEDICAGO. Linn.; Gcertn. Jr. t. 155 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 171.

Calyx somewhat cylindrical, 5-cleft. Keel of the corolla remote from the
vexillum. Legume usually many-seeded, of various forms, falcate or spirally
{-oiled. — Herbaceous, or rarely shrubby, plants. Stipules often incised. Leaves
palmately trifoliolate : leaflets often toothed. Peduncles axiUary, 1-2- or
many-flowered. Flowers yellow. — Medick.

_^:^ 1. M. saliva (Linn.) : stem erect, glabrous ; leaflets obovate-oblong, tooth-
'ed "above, mucrcnate ; stipules lanceolate, somewhat toothed; flowers race-
mose; lecuraes spirally twisted, finely reticulated. DC. prodr. 2. p. 173;
Ene. bot'.t. 1479; Darlingt. ft. Cest. p. 405.

Fields and roadsides, New-York ! and Pennsylvania. Introduced. June-
jQly. — 21 Flowers conspicuous, violet. — Lucerne.

-y— 2. M. maculata ( Willd.) : stem prostrate ; leaflets obcordate, toothed, spot-
"^ted; stipules toothed; peduncles 3-5-flowered ; legumes compactly spiral,

furrowed on the margin and fringed with a double row of long curved spines;

seeds reniform, yelloM'ish.— Z>C. _pro(/r. 2. p. 179; Hook, compan. to bot.

vias;. \. p.2l. ■ r, tt i , t

Near New Orleans, Drummond ! Red River, Louisiana, Dr. Hale! In-
troduced.—Plant 1-2 feet high. Leaflets conspicuously toothed, marked
with a purple spot in the centre^ Flowers small, puiplish. Convolutions of
the legume 3-5.
J.... 3. M. denticidata (Willd.) : nearly glabrous ; stem prostrate ; leaflets ob-
cordate ; stipules laciniate ; peduncles 2-5-flowered ; legumes broad, loosely
spiral and flat, with 1-3 convolutions, reticulated; the margin thin, keeled

41

322 LEGUMINOS.^. Hosackia.

with a double compact row of subulate curved prickles. — DC. prodr. 2. p.
176 ; Hook. Brit. Ji. p. 334, ^ compan. to hot. mag. 1. p. 21 ; Hook. ^ Am.
hot. BeecJi.ey, 1. p. 137.

Louisiana, Drummond, NuttaU! California, Beechey. Introduced.—
Plant 1-2 feet long. Leaflets an inch long, emarginate. Peduncles about as
long as the leaves. Flowers small, purplish.
-/•■' 4. M. hiprdina (Linn.) : stem procumbent ; leaflets obovate-cuneate, tooth-
ed at the apex; stipules lanceolate, acute, nearly entire ; flowers spiked ; le-
gumes renifonn, 1 -seeded.— £«g-. hot. i. 971; Michx.! fl. 2. p. 60 ; Ell.sk.
2. p. 247 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 172.

Cultivated grounds and waste fields, Canada ! to Florida. Introduced.
June-Aug.— Stem 6-12 inches long, pubescent. Flowers small, in roundish
or oblong heads, yellow. Legumes black when ripe.

Besides the above-described species (all of which have doubtless been introduced
from Europe), M. intertexta and M. nigra occasionally spring up in cultivated
grounds, particularly in the Southern States.

32. HOSACKIA. Douglas; Benth. in hot. reg. sub t. 1257; Hcok.fi.
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 134.

Hosackia & Lotus § Microlotus, Bcnth. in Linn, trans.

Calyx tubular, or somewhat campanulate, 5-ckft or 5-toothed. Vexillum
as long as the spreading wings, often distant from those of the other petals:
keel as long as the vexillum. Style subulate, usually somewhat straight:
stigma capitate. Legume somewhat compressed, wingless.— Herbaceous or
rarely suffrutescent plants (all American).— Leaves pinnate or pinnately tri-
foliolate. Stipules usually very minute, resembling glands, sometimes scari-
ous or foliaceous, but differing in form from the leaflets. Peduncles axillary,
or umbellately 1-3- many-flowered, commonly with a 1-3-foliolate bract be-
low the flowers.

We have adopted, whh some modifications, Bentham's original views of the
limits of this genus, as given in the Botanical Register. In a subsequent paper in
the Transactions of the Linnsean Snciety. Mr. Bentham proposes to restrict the ge-
nus Hosackia to the species with umbellate flowers ; nd pinnate leaves; consid-
ering those with l-flowered peduncles and trifolinlate leaves as a subgenus of Lotus,
which he named Microlotus. The subsequentdiscovery, however, of several 1-ilow-
ered species with truly pinnate leaves shows a complete transition from Miciolnlus
to Hosackia, which itself scarcely dilfers from Lotus except in the sti) ules. "VVe
adopt the following subdivisions in accordance with the views of our friend Mr.
NuUall, except that he considers Drepanolobus as forming a distinct genus.

§ \. Umbels ma ny-floicered : corolla much longer than the calyx : re.ril-
lum. on a slender claw which is distant from those of the other petals :
keel obtuse : legume nearly straight, slightly compressed (rarely flat),
not attenuated upwards. Mostly perennial herbs : leaves pinnat eh 5-
15- {rarely 3-) foliolate : stipules membranaceous, foliaceous (bid very
different from the leaflets) or minute and gland-like. — Euhosackia.

♦ Stipules foliaceous or scariovs.

1. H. hicolor (Dougl.) : glabrous, decumbent ; leaflets 7-9, somewhat oppo-
site oblonaf and obovate ; stipules cordate-ovate, membranaceous, very ob-

Ho9Actti. LEGUMINOS^. 323

tU5e ; umbels G-S-flowcred ; bracts Ifoliolatc or none; teeth of the calyx half
as lon:^ as the tube. — Bunlh. in bol. reg. t. 1257, d^ in Linn. Irons. 17. p.
3tU; Hook. fi. Bar. -Am. 1. p. 134; Hook, i^ Am. hot. Uetchey^ 1. p. 137.
Lotu5 pinnatus, Hook. hot. ma<r. t. 2913.

Low alluvial soils from the Rockv Mountains to the Pacific, alon<T the val-
ley and plains of the Ore::fon, Nuttall! Douglas. California, Bt'cclfy. — 1(7
Stems spreading, 1-2 feet long. Leaflets often an inch or more in length
and 3-5 lines wide. Stipules about 2 lines long. Flowers yellow, mixed
with while. Legumes 2-2i inches long. — Mr. Nuttall informs us that he
never found this species with bracts.

2. II. stolonifera (Lindl.): glabrous, erect, stolon ifcrous; leaflets 11-15,
ovate or oblong, mucronate ; stipules ovate, herbaceous ; umbels many-flow-
ered, capitate; bracts l-S-ibliolatc ; teeth of the calyx very short. Lindl.
bot. Tccr. I. 1077.

California, Douslas. — 11 Stem (in the cultivated plant) about 3 feet high.
Stipules about 2 lines long, acute. Flowers greenish, mixed "with purple.
Teeth of the calyx s -arcely one-fourth of the length of the tube. Legume
about 2 inches long, glabrous. Embryo sometimes with 3 cotjledons. Lindl.
— The largest species of the genus.

3. //. gracilis (Benth.) : glabrous, decumbent ; lower leaflets obovate-cu-
ceate ; stipules large, membranaceous; bracts trifoliolate ; calyx somewhat
bilabiate, the teeth half as long as the tube. — Benth. in Linn, tranfi. 17. p. 365.

California, Dousrlas. Moist places around Monterey, Nnllull ! — y Al-
lied to H. bicolor, but smaller and much more slender. Leaflets about 7, half
an inch long. Umbels 6-S-flowered. Vexillum yellow : wings and keel
pale rose-purple.

4. II. platycarpa (Nutt ! mss.): "slightly pubescent, robust ; leaflets 7-9
pairs, mostly opposite, oblong-oval or obovate; stipules small, cordate-ovate,
membranaceous, obtuse; peduncles bracteate with a 2-1-foliolate leaf below
the umbel; calyx truncate, minutely-toothed; lesrume rather broad and flat.

" 'Mountain woods,' Douglas ; probably the Blue Mountains of the Ore-
gon.— Legume 2 inches long and nearly i inch wide." Nultall ! This very-
distinct species was communicated to Mr. Nuttall by Dr. Gardner of Fort
Vancouver, who obtained specimens of it from the late Mr. Douglas.

5. //. stipularis (Benth.) : stems and petioles hairy ; stipules foliaceous,
broadly semisagittate; bracts trifoliolate; teeth of the calyx shorter than the
tube. Benth. I. c. p. 365.

California, Douglas. — Plant of the size and habit of H. bicolor. Benth,

6. //. crassifolia (Benth.) : leaflets broadly obovate, somewhat fleshy ;
stipules scarious; bracts 3-foliolate; teeth of the calyx very short. Benth. I. c,

California, Douglas.Size and habit of H. bicolor, but the flowers suiaU-
er. Benth.

* * Stipules minute, blackish, gland-like.

7. //. ochroleuca (Nutt. ! mss.) : "pubescent, nearly erect; leaves sessile;
leaflets 3-4 pairs, obovate or oblong, alternate ; stipules very minute ; umbels
bracteate with a single sessile leaflet; teeth of the calyx acuminate, as long
as the tube ; legume subterete.

"Shady mountain woods near St. Barbara. March-April. — 1i Plant rath-
er robust ; the young leaves, stem and flower buds almost silky-pubescent.
Leallets nearly an inch long. Flowers ochroleucous, 6-7 lines long. — Allied
to H. grandirtora, Ben h." — Nuttall.

-f~S. H. grnndi^ora (Benth.): stf>m slightly pubescent above ; leaflets about
7 ; peduncles elongated: bract l-folio!atp. sessile ; teeth of the calyx scarcely
shorter thaa the tuba. Benth. I. c. p. 366.

324 LEGUMINOS^. Hosackia.

California, Douglas. — 11 Size and habit of II. bicolor,but the flowers larg-
er. Yonng leaves and calyces pubescent. Stipules only observable in very
young leaves. Benlh.

'§ 2. Umbels many- {rarely \-2-) flowered: corolla much longer than the
calyx : vexillam on a ra'her long and slender claw wli ich is distant from
those of the other petals : keel obtuse : legume rather terete, incurved,
rostrate xcith the upper and attenuated portion. Herbaceous or suffru-
ticose plants; leaves pinnately 5-7- {rarely 3-) foliolate : stipules mi-
nute, blackish, gland-like. — Drepanolobus, Nutt.

^-^ 9. H. decumbens (Benth.) : herbaceous, softly pubescent, decumbent;
leaflets 4-5, alternate, oval-cuncate, or rhombic-ovate, mostly acute ; pedun-
cles scarcely longer than the I aves ; bracts 1-3-foliolate ; legume pubescent,
carinate. — t^enth. ! in hot. reg. I. c, ^ in Linn, trans. I. c. ; Hook..' fl. Bor.-
Am. 1. p. 34. Drepanolobus decumbens, Nutt. ! mss.

P. glabriuscula : leaves smaller, verdigris-green Vi^hen dry. Hook. ^- Am.
hot. Beechey, \. p. 137.

Dry open wood; on the Oregon, particularly about Fort Vancouver, Nut-
tall ! Douglas, Scolder.' P. California, Beechey. June. — U Stems 1-2
feet long, forming wide tufts. Leaflets half an inch long, sometimes distant.
Stipules resembling very minute spines, deciduous. Umbels numerous, 5-8-
flowered. Teeth of the calyx as long as the tube. Corolla yellow. Legume
about 2-seeded, falcate, the beak longer than the seed-bearing portion.

10. H. tomentosa (Hook. & Arn.): herbaceous, canescently tomentose,
decumbent; leaflets 4-6, obovate, mostly obtuse; peduncles very short;
bracts 1-foliolate; teeth of the calyx shorter than the tube. — Hook. ^ Arn.
hot. Beechey, I. p. 137 ; Benth. ! in Linn, trans. I.e. Drepanolobus lanatus,
Nutt.! mss.

Dry hiUs in the shade, near Monterey, California, Nutt all ! Douglas .' — •
21 Stem and young leaves very woolly and white. Branches spreading
on the ground forming a large patch. Leaflets half an inch long. Um-
bels on the upper part of the stem nearly sessile; lower ones on peduncles
half an inch or more in length. Flowers much smaller than in the preceding
species, yellow, with red wings.

11. H. micra.nthus (Nutt.): "herbaceous, pubescent (particularly the
yonng shoots), prostrate; leaflets 4— 6, cuneate or obovate, obtuse ; umbels
almost sessile, few-flowered, without bracts, Nutt.! mss. (under Drepano-
lobus.)

Near Monterey, California. March-April, Nutt all ! — ® Stems spread-
ing on the ground. Leaves smaller and more rounded than in the preced-
ing species. Umbels 3-6-flowered ; the flowers minute, yellow. Teeth of
the calyx short. VexiUum shorter than the keel. Legume pubescent, with
a very long involute point.

12. H. cytisoides (Benth.): suflrutlcose, somewhat pubescent, decumbent;
branches angular; leaflets 3-6, cuneate-oblong ; petioles very short; umbels
many-flowerel, on short peduncles; bracts of 1-3 minute leaflets; teeth of
the calyx subulate, recurved. — Benth.! I. c. Drepanolobus cytisoides, Nutt.!
mss.

P.rubescens : calyx whitish pubescent; umbels 10-15-flowered ; flowers
red mixed with yeUow ; bracts 1-foliolate. — Drepanolobus rubescens, A'utt. !
mss.

Near St. Barbara, California, Nuttall ! Douglas! /?. Near St. Diego, Nut'
tall .'— Stesn much branched. Leaflets rather thick, often somewhat acute,
•with a few short appressed hairs ca both surfaces. Stipules rather conspicu-

HosACKiA. LEGUMINOS.^. 325

ous, resembling tubercles. Umbels .o-lO-flowered, the flowers about 4 lines
loii<j, yellow. Teeth of the calyx almost aristate, rather more than .1..11 me
length of the tube.

13. H. prostratits CSntt.) : "sufTruticosc, nearly glabrou^;, prostrate; branch-
es terete; leafli'ts 5-7, oblong, obtuse; pL-ilunclt-s longer than the leaves,
often elongated; umbels many-flowered; brad-; 1-fuliolate ; calyx much
shorter than the corolla, the teeth scarcely one-third the length of the tube;
legume with a very long sul)ulate point. Nnlt. ! riiss. (under Drepanololjus.)

"Plains near the sea; St. Diego, and St. Barbara, California. April. —
Brandies numerous, spreading, 2-3 feet long. Flowers as large as in the
preceding species, yellow, the tip of the vcxillum and wings red. Legume
nearly glabrous." Nntlall.

14. H. Jiincea (Benth.) : " sufi"ruticose, glabrous ; branches angular and
erect; leaflets 3-5, oblong, obtuse; peduncles very short, 3-5-flowered, with-
out bracts ; calyx somewhat prismatic, with very short pointless teeth. —
Benth. I. c. Drepanolobus junceu'^." iVidt. ! m/tft.

Dry hill sid?s near the sea, St. Barbara, California, Niitta^ ! Douglas. —
Somewhat sempervirent ; the branches very numerous and greenish. Leaf-
lets thick, about \ of an inch long. Stipules hard and persistent, resembling
tubercles. Calyx glabrous, the teeth triangular, scarcely one-sixth the length
of the tube. Corolla yellow.

15. //. cra.i.'iifoh'a (Nutt.) : " sufi'ruticose, decumbent, nraily glabrous ;
branches angular; leaflets 3-4, oblong or cuneate-oblong, obtuse, thick ; um-
bels n?arly sc-sile, 5-7-flowered; bracts none; teeth of the calyx about one-
fourth the lenjth of the tube ; legume with a very long subulate point."
Nutl. ! ms.s. (under Drepanolobus.)

" With the preceding. — Young shoots pubescent. Flowers of various
shades of yellow, sometimes nearly red." Nutlall.

^ 16. H. scoparia (Nutt.): " suffruticose, erect, much branched, nearly gla-
•brous; branches terete; leaflets 3-4, linear-oblong, someM'hat acute; umbels
sessile, 5-7-flowered ; bracts none; teeth of the calyx subulate, about one-
third the length of the tube ; legu.ne with a very long subulate point." Xult. !
mss. (under Drepanolobus.)

" With the preceding. March-April. — Stems 3-4 feet high, the upper part
of th" branches loaded with flowers. Leaves somewhat sempervirent: leaflets
4-5 lines long. Glandular stipules conspicuous and persistent. Corolla yellow,
often tinged with red. — Used in California for making brooms." — Nultall.

17. //I .fflncea (Benth.) : densely silky-tomentose ; leaflets usually 3; pe-
duncles very short, 1-3-flowered, without bracts. Benth. I. c.

California, Douglas. — Near H. cyti:oides, but very di-tinct. Leaves larg-
er, nearly sessile. Flowers rather larger. Winss slishtly but constantly adhe-
rent to the keel. Benlh. — Perhaps not of this section, and only referred here
on account of Bentham's observation, that it is near H. cytisoides.

§ 3. Peduncles umbellately l-3-Jloicered: corolla longer th a 71 the calyr:
vexilhvn on a short narrow claw., which is approximated to those of the
other petals: keel somewhat rostrate: legume straight, somewhat com-
pressed, not attenuated above. Mostly annuals : leaves pinnately 5-7-
foliolate, with minute gland-like stipides. — Microlotus, Benth. (partly),
Nutt. mss.

-^^IS. H. parviflora (Benth.) : erect, nearly glabrous, branched from the
base; leaflets 4-6. oblong and obovate, alternate; ptHluncles 1-flowertd;
bracts 3-foliolate ; calyx oae-thLi-d ths length of the corolla; teeth lijaear-aub-

326 LEGUMINOSiE. Hosacku.

v\:ite. —Benth. in. hot. recr. .^nh t. 1257; Hook.! Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 135.
Lotus micrantlms, Benth. in Linn, trans. I. c.

Oregon, Scolder ! Null all ! California, A/e??5:ies. June.— (l) Stem 4-12
inches high. Leaflets pale and somewhat glaucous beneath. Peduncles
longer tha^n the petioles. Bracts rarely 1-foliolate. Flowers pale rose-color.
Legume about ? of an inch long, nearly glabrous, 4-6-seeded.

19. H. microphylla (Nutt. ! mss.) : " nearly prostrate and much branched,
somewhat strigosely pubescent; leaflets 4-5, obovate, or oval-oblong, alter-
nate ; peduncles shorter or a Uttle longer than the leaves ; bract usually tn-
foliolale.

" With the preceding, but rare : biennial ; the leaves fewer and much
smaller: petioles very short. Peduncles occasionally 2-flowered." Nuttall.

20. H. nudiflora (Nutt.! mss.): "somewhat pubescent with appressed
hairs, diffusely branched from the base ; leaflets 5-7, alternate, oblong-
hnear, acute; peduncles with a minute glandular scale in the place of the
bract ; legume pubescent, straight, curved at the point, somewhat terete.

GravelTy hills near Monterey. March.— (ij A minute species. Leaves
2-3 lines long. Flowers large in proportion to the size of the plant. Corolla
twice as long as the calyx. "Legume half an inch in length." Nuttall.

21. H. stris-osa (Natt.l mss.): "strigosely pubescent, decumbent, much
branched ; leaiiets 6-9, alternate, lanceolate-l'inear, acute ; peduncles naked,
or with a bract of 1-3 minute leaflets ; corolla nearly twice as long as the ca-
lyx; legume pubescent, nearly straight."

Dry gravelly hills near Monterey. March.— 711 A small plant like the
following. Bracts sometimes wanting on the lowest flowers, 1-3-foliolate on
the uppeT ones. Flowers yellow. Legume about an inch long, 7-10-seed-
ed." Nuttall.

22. H. rubella (Nutt. ! mss.) : "strigosely pubescent, much branched : leaf-
lets 6-10, alternate, linear, rather obtuse; peduncles 1-3-flowered, naked, or
with a bract of a single leaflet ; legume pubescent, nearly straight.

" With the preceding, to which it is closely allied, but with smaller and red-
dish flowers.— Ij: Legume an inch long, 7-10-seeded. Seeds yellowish-
brown, truncate at each end." Nuttall.

23. H. marilima. (Nutt. ! mss.) : " rather succulent, somewhat strigose,
prostrate, much branched ; leaflets 4-5, alternate, obovate, obtuse ; peduncles
1-3-tlowered, naked or with a trifoliolate bract; legume glabrous, subterete,

straight. . o -r. i.

"Clayey soils and on broken declivuies near the sea, ht. Barbara.
March.—®? Flowers numerous, yellow and rather conspicuous, the early
ones solitary and without a bract.— In this and the 2 preceding species the
petioles are unusually broad, so as to appear somewhat winged." Nuttall.

24. H. subpinnata : canescently villous, branched from the base; leaflets
about 5, obovate, obtuse ; flowers solitary, nearly sessile ; bracts none ; teeth
of the calyx subulate, as long as the tube ; legume pubescent.— Lotus subpin-
natu% Lagas. gen. ^ sp. 23 ; Hook. * Am. hot. Beechey, p. 17, t. 8 ; Benth.
in Linn, trans. I. c. Anthyllis Chilensis, DC. prodr. 2. p. 171.

California, Douglas! Nuttall .'—(i) Stem 3-6 inches high, apparently
procumbent. Leaflets one-third of an inch long. Stipules extremely minute,
deciduous. Legume about S lines long, nearly obtuse, tipped with the very
short recurved base of the .style. — This species occurs likewise in Chili.

25. H. Wrangeliana : diffuse, sparsely hirsute; leaflets 4, oblong, some-
what a-laucou5 ; peduncles axillary, very short, 1-flowered ;bracts none ;legume
pubescent. Fisch. ^ Meyer. Lotus Wrangelianus, Fisch. ^ Meye.; ind.
sen. St. Petenh. 1S25. L. Macrsei, Benth. I. c. ?

H SACKIA. LEGUMLNOS.E. 3i7

California. — Stem slcuder. Flowers small. Legume half an inch lonj?.
Seeds 5-7. Fisch. <J Meyer.— Yery near the preceding species, but appa-
rently distinct.

§ 4. Peduncles 1-Jlowered: corolla scarcely longer than the deeply-clrfl
calyx: vexillum slightly unguiculate, the claw approximated to those
of the other petals: keel acute or slightly rostrate: legume linear.,
straight, not attenuated above. Mostly annuals : leaves pinnately 3-
foliolute, rarely l-fuliolatc: stiprdes minute, blackish, gland-like.—
PsvcHOPSis, Nutt. mss.
-1^26. //. Purshiana (Bcnth.) : erect or assurq:ent, more or less hairy, some-
times villous, much branched ; leaves nearly sessile: leaflets 3 (rarelv 4), cb-
lonj?, rather acute; peduncles longer than the leaves; bract 1-foliolate ; le-
gume nearly terete. — Bcnth.! in hot. reg. I. c. ; Hook. (^ Am. in bot.
Beechey, p. 137. Lotus sericeus, Pursh^ fl. 2. p. 489; DC. prodr. 2. p.
211; Benth.! in Linn, trans. I. c. Trigouella Americana. Sutt.! gen. 2.
■p. 120: DC. prndr. 2. p. 185.

Prairies of Missouri, Nvttall ! Arkansas, Dr. Pitcher! Dr. Leaven-
worth! Orerron, Scolder! California, ZJeer/iey; North Carolina, 6'r/ni-er;n7 2:.'
Curtis !—Vlant 12-15 inches hish. Leaflets 5-10 lines lon<r. Flowers 3-4
lines long. Calyx deeply parted ; the segments lincar-^ubulate, nearly as
long as the corolla when the flower first expands. Petals rose-color; the
vexillum with deeper minute stripes. Legume an inch or more in length,
about 6-secded, with spongy imperfect partitions between the seeds. — A va-
riable species in its pubescence and in the size of the leaves.

27. H. elata (Nmt.l mss.): " sparsely hirsute; stem tall and somewhat
branching above; leaves on short petioles; leaflets elliptical oblong, some-
what obtuse ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; bract of a single leaflet ;
calyx two-thirds the length of the corolla, the segments twice as long as the
tube ; legume terete, slender.

. glabra (Nutt.! mss.): "erect, branching from the base; leaflets oblong
and cuneale, rather acute, somewhat fleshy ; peduncles longer than the
leaves; calyx nearly as long as the corolla; legume glabrous.

"Gravelly bars of the Wahlamet and Oregon. May.— Verv near the pre-
ceding, but with much smaller and almost white flowers; the leaves are also
larger^ and the, stem scarcely branch;'d." Nuttall.—Om specimen of this
plant, received from Mr. Nuttall, is about a foot high. It dillers chiefly from
some forms of L. sericeus in the distinctly petiolate leaves.

28. 77. florihunda (Nutt. ! mss.) : " smoothish or pubescent, much branch-
ed and decumbent; leaflets efliptical-oblong, the lateral ones narrower; ex-
treme branches with unifoliolate leaves; flowers on very short peduncles,
approximated towards the extremity of the branchlets; bract of a single
leaflet ; legume compressed, few-seeded.

" Plainsof the Rocky Mountain range, towards the Oregon. June-July. —
Also aUied to the two preceding species, but distinguished^ by its numerous
almost sessile flowers. Legume about an inch long, 4-5-seeded." Nuttall.

29. //. pilosa (Nutt.! mss.): "densely clothed with soft hairs, decum-
bent and much branched ; leaflets elliptical-oblong, obtuse or slightly acute,
branchlets unifoliolate; bract of a single leaf; flowers scattered; peduncles
very short ; legume ttattish, few-seeded.

"With the preceding, which it resembles, but is much smaller. Leaflets
3-4 lines long. Peduncles shorter than the leaves. Legume about f of aa
inch long." Nuttall.

30. H. mollis (Nutt. ! mss.) : " hirsute with spreading hairs ; erect, branch-

328 LEGUMINOS^. Astragalus.

ing from the base ; leaflets oblong and cuncate-oblong. obtuse ; peduncles
longer than the leaves ; bract of a single leaflet ; calyx as long as the corolla;
legume almost flat, glabrous.

" Gravel-bars and sandy shores of the Wahlamet, bear the Falls. June. —
About a span high, moderately branching. Bract small." Nuttall.'^Ovir spe-
cimens are very much like those of H. floribunda.

Thibe V. ASTRAGALE^. Adans.

Corolla papilionaceous. Stamens monadelphous (9 & 1). Legume
continuous, turgid or inflated (rarely flattened), often spuriously 2-ceIl-
ed or partly 2.ce!led by the introflexion of one of the sutures, deliis.
cent, several- (rarely 1-2 ) seeded. Radicle incurved. — Erect or de-
cumbent, herbaceous or rarely sufi'Vutescent plants. Leaves unequally
pinnate (very rarely palmately tnfoliolate). or seldom reduced to a
single leaflet," exstipellate. Inflorescence axillary or radical, racemose
or spicate.

33. ASTRAGALUS. Linn, (partly) ; DC. Asirag., ^ prodr. 2. p. 2S1.

Calyx 5-toothed. Keel obtuse. Legume longitudinally 2-cclled, or partly
2-celled, by the introflexion of the lower suture.— Herbaceous or sufliuticose
plants, commonly more or less canescent ; the hairs often fixed by the middle.*
Leaves unequally pinnate, with numerous leaflets. Stipules often adnata to
the base of the pjtiole. Flowers spiked or racemose, rarely solitary.

§ 1. Stipules not adnate to the petiole: flowers purple or u7ii7e.— Purpu-
rascentes, DC.

* Stipules partly cohering vxith each other opposite the petiole.

1. A. Hypoglottis (Linn.): procumbent, di 0*0 se, somewhat hirsute; sti-
pules lanceolate, more or less cohering; leaflets 8-10-12 pairs, obovate or
elliptical; spikes capitate ; peduncles longer than the leaves; bracts longer
than the blackish pilose calyx; teeth of the calyx as long as the tv.be; legume
ovate, triquetrous, erect, capitate; cells mostly 1-seeded. Eng. hot. t. 274;
DC. Astrag. t. 14, 4^ prodr. 2. p. 281 ; Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 148.

a. 7 polyspermus: dwarfish and much branched, somewhat decumbent,
pubescent; leaflets elliptical and obvate-oblong, sometimes emarginate;
peduncles as long as the leaves ; calyx longer than the bracts, very hir-
sute, the hairs partly black ; the teeth scarcely half as long as the tube ;
legume oblong ; cells 3-4-seeded.— A. Hypoglottis, Kutt. ! gen. 2. p. 99 ;

* De Candolle {prodr. 2. p. 294) notices the centrally-fixed hairs of Astragalus
asper, and employs tlie character in his diagnosis of that species. He intimates
also (ill mem. Leg.) that the same kird of hairs exist in some other Astragali. We
have observed them in many of the species in which the pubescence is appressed ;
particularly in the following :— A. Moitoni, Nu!t. ; Leontiniis, Jacq.; Austriacus,
Linn.; subulatus, Bicb. ; cornic.ulatus, 5ic6. ; ceratoides, Bieb. ; virgatus, Pft//. ;
Hyrcanus, Pall.; brachylobus, DC. ; Stevenianus, DC. ; linearifolius, Pen. ; Ono-
hxycWis, Linn. ; aduncus, Bicb.; adsurgens, P«//. ; Laxmanni, P«?/. ; Missouri-
ensis, J^utt. ; megalanthus, DC. ; albii auhs, DC. ; hamosus, Linn. ; microphylhis,
Linn.; depressus, L-wm. ; Canad.^nsis, Linn.; uliginosus, Linn.; Massilensis,
Lam. ; ammodytes, Pall. ; Monspessulanus, Linn. ; & incanus, Linn.

ASTBAQALU3. LEGUMINOS.'E. 329

Torr. ! in aim. lye. NeiC' York, 2. p. 179. A. dasygloUis, Null. I mss., not
of Ledeb. ?

On the Sa^katchawan, and other parts of British America, Dnnnmond !
Douglas. fl. Ol\ tlie Piallo, and near the sources of the Cana-
dian,''iV»//«/// Dr. James! May.— 4 Stem 3-6 inches loner. Leallets
about ha f an inch lon^, olten emarginate. Bracts lanceolate. Teeth of the
calyx subulate. Corolla bright purple. Ovary somewhat tomentose (in /3.
villous), with 14-]6ovules.— Our /?. is near A. Onobrychcides, and is yroba-
bly the Astragalus from Altai noticed l.y Hooker, in which the legumes are
4-S-seeded.

2. A. pmicifora (llooli.) : decumbent, canescent Avith appressed hairs;
lower stipules cohering to the summit'; leaflets 3-5 pairs, oblong, acute ; pe-
duncles about as long as the leaves, 2-4-flowered ; flowers (small) in loose
racemes; bracts as long as the pedicels; calyx clothed with whitish hairs,
the teeth as long as the tube. Hook. Ji. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 149.

Among rocks in the more elevated regions of the Rocky Mountains,
Drummond.— li Root long and slender: caudex divided and throwing ofT
several slender decumbent stems from a span to a loot in length. Leaflets
3-4 lines long. Upper stipules large, cohering only below. Peduncles 1-li-
inch long. Calyx short, campanulate. Petals deep blue. Legume un-
known. Hook.

3. A. vaginalis (Pall.) : erect, pubescent ; leaflets linear-lanceolate, acute;
peduncles longer than the leaves; flowers in dense spikes, nodding; legumes^
linear, straight. DC— Pall. Astrag. t. 36, e.v DC.prodr. 2. p. 2S3; Hook, fl.
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 149.

Wooded country of Subarctic America, Richardson. — Very similar in
habit to Phaca Aboriginorum. Hook. Flowers white and purple. DC. — A
native also of Siberia.

♦* Stipules neither cohering with each other nor adnatc to the petiole ; flowers purple
or while, distant : legumes straight .

4. A. gracilis (Nutt.) : erect, slender, pubescent ; leaflets 6-10 pairs, lin-
ear, remote, truncate or emarginate ; racemes much longer than the leaves ;
legumes elliptical, straight, somewhat triquetrous, nodding, pubescent, one-
celled, the lower suture a little inflexed.— A'««. .' gen. 2. p. WS) (excl. syn.) ;
DC. prodr. 2. p. 2S4. Dalea parviflora, Pursh ! I. c. p. 739.

Plain? of the Missouri to the Rocky Mountains, Bradhnry! Nuttall!'
Dr. James ! May.— About 2 feet high. Leaflets f of an inch long, scarce-
ly one line wide. Stipules ovate, acuminate. Spike 2-3 inches long ; the
lower flowers remote. Flowers 3-^4 lines long, somewhat secund, pale pur-
ple. Bracts lanceolate, scarcely longer than the short pedicels. Calyx canes-
cently hirsute. Vexillum obovate, emarginate. "Legume about 2 lines
Ion?, many-seeded, acr.minated with the recurved style." Nuttall.— A. leiiel-
lus, Purs/j,, which has been referred to this species, was founded, according
to Pursh, suppl. 2. p. 789, on the leaves of his Ervum multillorum and tha
fruit of an unknown Astragalus.

5. A. stmnphylhcs : erect, glabrous ; leaflets 4-7 pairs, linear, remote ; ra-
cemes oblong, loose, short, pedunculate, longer than the leaves ; stipules small
cvate, rather obtuse ; pedicels longer than the minute lanceolate bracts ; ca-
lyx pilo;e with bLickish hairs; the teeth rather obtuse, much shorter than the
tube. — A. leptophvHus, Nutt. ! in jozcr. acad. Philad. 7. p. 18, not of Desf.

Head-waters of the Missouri, Mr. Wyeth ! June. — A foot or more high-
Stem rather stout, striate (scarcely anjular), obtuse, slightly hirsute beneath.
Raceme about 10-flowered. Flowers half an inch long, purplish ? (ochroleu-
C0U3 ? NiUl.) Teeth of the calyx about one-third the length of the tube

42

330 LEGUMINOS^. Astragalus.

Ovary linear, glabrous. Legume unknown. — Perhaps a species of Homalo-
bus.

•♦♦ Stipules neither cohering vilh each other nor %cilh the petiole : foirers purple, in
dense spikes or heads : vexilluta narrow, elongated : root perennial.

t Legume straight.

5. A. adsxirgens (Pall) : nearly glabrous ; stem elongated, ascending or
prostrate; lealiets 7-12 pairs, oblong; stipules ovate, acuminate, membrana-
ceous ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; spikes oblong, ovate or subglobose ;
flowers erect; vexillum about one-third longer than the wings; legumes
erect, oblong, somewhat triangular, sulcate on the back, pointed with the
style, pubescent with appressed hairs — Pall. Astrag. t. 31, ex DC. prodr.
2. p. 287 ; Hook. ! Jl. Bor.-Ain. 1. p. 149.

Plains of the Assinaboin and Saskatchawan Rivers ! and west to the Rocky
Mountains. — About a foot high. Leaflets nearly an inch long, 4-5 lines wide,
obtuse, pale green, slightly hairy on both surfaces; the hairs fixed by the
middle. Stipules sometimes partially cohering. Spike 1-2 inches long.
Bracts lanceolate, two-thirds the length of the calyx. FloAvers as large as in A.
Canadensis, bright purple. Calyx hir-ute, the hairs partly black; teeth subu-
late, half as long as the tube. — Our specimens of this species from Hooker,
differ from the European plant in the larger and partly cohering stipules, and
in the longer bracts.

6. A.Mortoni(J>i\in.): nearly glabrous, erect ; stipulesbroad and membra-
naceous: leaflets 6-S pairs, oblong, obtuse; peduncles as long as the haves;
flowers in dense racemose spikes, nodding; calyx villous; teeth triangular-
lanceolate, much shorter than the tube; ovary villous. — Nutt. ! in jour. acad.
Philad. 7. p. 19.

About *he sources and upper branches of the Missiouri, ^fr. Wyeth ! (spe-
cimens from NattaU.) — Plant a foot or more in height: hairs of the pubes-
cence fixed by the middle. Leaflets distant, nearly an inch long, and 4 lines
wide. Spike about 15-flowered ; the flowers nearly as large as in A. Hypo-
glottis, purple? — Mr. JNuttaU thinks that the flowers are ochroleucous, but
they seem to be purplish.

7. A. striatus (Nutt. ! mss.) : " decumbent, robust, strigosely pubescent with
appressed hairs, particularly in the young state ; stem and peduncles sulcate ;
leaflets 7-9 pairs, linear-oblong, obtuse ; stipules triangular-ovate, acuminate,
membranaceous ; spikes oblong, short, dense ; bracts nearly as long as the
calyx, lanceolate-ovate, acuminate ; calyx clothed Avih short blackish hairs,
the teeth nearly as long as the tube. A. Laxmanni, Nutt. gen. 2. p. 99, not
of Jacq. A.adsurgens/3. robustior, Hook.f. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 149.

"Plains and hills of the Platte and Missouri. May.— Diff"er3 from A.
adsurgens in being more robust and pubescent, and the flowers twice as large."
Nuttall.

8. A. goniatus (Nutt.! mss.) "decumbent, nearly glabrous ; stem angular;
leaflets 7-10 pairs, linear-oblonc;, obtuse; stipules linear-lanceolate; pedun-
cles longer than the leaves; spikes capitate; bracts oblong, shorter than the
villous calyx ; teeth of the calyx subulate, as Ions: as the tube; legumes ob-
long, triquetrous, bicarinate, clothed with long white hairs, a little longer than
the calyx.

" Rocky Mountains, near the sources of the Platte. — Plant about 4 inches
high. Leaflets one-third of an inch long, slightly emarginate. Heads about
an inch in diameter, compact, many-flowered. Flowers pale dull purple.
Teeth of the calyx nearly equal. Legume about 4 lines long.

9. A. Labradoricus (DC.) : procumbent, minutely pubescent ; leaflets

AsTRAQALue. LEGUMINOSiE. 331

ovato ; spikes peilunculate ; legumes secund, straight, acuminate at each end,
p^'iuiiiloiH. DC. prodr. 2. p. 2S7 ; Ilook. ft. Uor.-Am. l.p. 150. A. secua-
dus, Mich.r. ! f. 2. p. G6; Purt^h.f. 2. p. 473.

Northern parts of Canadn, Michanj- ! l.wbrador, Colmaster (e\ Pursh).
Flowtrs pur{)le. Legume about i| of an inch long, clothed with blackish hairs,
somewhat stipitate, half 2-cellcd; cells 3-4-seeded.

10. A. Missoiiri'nisis (Nutt.): whole plant clothed with a short white pu-
bescence; stem? numerous, in a spreading tuft; stipules ovate ; leaflets 5-10
pairs, elliptical and obovate-elliptical; peduncles a little longer than the
leaves; spikes capitate, few-flowered ; calyx pilose, with a mixiure of black-
ish hairs; teeth one-third the length of the cylindrical tube; bracts ovate, much
shorter than the calyx; legume oblong, somewhat compressed, hirsute when
voun?, but at lencth somewhat glabrous, coriaceous, the lower suture a little
introlTexed.— iV/(«. .' sren. 2. p. 9'J ; DC. prudr. 2. p. 287. Oxytropis argen-
taia, Piirsh^ fl. 2. p. 473 ; Ifichards. I. c. ? not of Pers. ?

0. leaflets obovate-orbicular.

On the Missouri. /?. In the Rocky Mountains, Nultall ! May.— Root long,
descending deeply. Stems 2-4 inches long. Leaflets 3-4 lines long, some-
times rather acute. Heads 9-12-flowered. large for the size of the plant, deep
violet or sometimes nearly white. Legume about an inch long, abruptly acu-
minate, not stipitate, many-seeded.

11. A.argoplnjlhis (Nutt. mss.): "villous with long white silky hairs,
CJE5pit03e; stems short and decumbent; stipules lanceolate, acuminate, mem-
branaceous; leaflets 7-8 pairs, lanceolate-ovate and acute, or obovate and ob-
tuse; p.'duncles shorter than the leave?; racemes short, loose, som^nvhat cap-
itate, 3-S-Howered ; bracts long and subulate; flowers distinctly pedicellate;
calyx tubular ; teeth subulate, "about one-third the length of the tube; legume
hirsute, oblong, with abroad curv d point, transversely wrinkled, the lower
suture slightly introflexed. A. melanocarpus, P.ichards. app. Frankl. juurn.
e d. 2. p. 2S ? ; H'^iok. fl. Bor.-A>n. 1. p. 451 ?"

Vallies of the Rocky Mountains, near the sources of the Platte, Nidtall !
— Much more villous than the preceding species, and the flowers of a bright-
er purple. Wings much longer than the k-el. Legume nearly glabrous when
rip?. — This and the preceding species have t!ie lower suture of the legume so
little introflexed, that they might almost be referred to Phaca.

12. A. Shortianus (^wn.m-^.): " stemless,cane?cent with appressed shin-
ing hairs; leaflets 5-7 pair-, roundish-elliptical or ovale, very obtuse ; stipules
ovate, obtuse; peduncles shorter than the leaves ; raceme or)long ; calyx
clothed with wuite hairs, with rather long subu:ate teeth ; legume large and
lurgil, cymbiform, with a short curved point, b at k and t an.=vcrstly wriukh d.

'^Rocky Mountains, towards the plains of the Oregon.— Aimo-t entirely
silvery hite. L afl ts nearly as broad as long, twice as large as in the { re-
ceding spjcies, which it n.arly reserabL^s. Flowers ochroleucous ?" Nultall.

t t L\::uaies ovute, tliick <md fleshy.

13. A. caryocarpns (Ker): stems numerous, prostrate orassurgent, some-
what pub:'>cent with appressed hairs; stipules ovate, acute; L afltts 8-12
pairs, elUptical ; peduncles about the length of the leaves; ract me rather
loose, short ; bracts about twice the length of the pedicds ; calyx ihinly pi-
lose with daikish hairs, cylindrical-ol)loiig; l-^ume thi(k and fleshy, ovate,
rath?r acut:-, som<^what compressed, glabrous. — /i'er, 6o^ 7e^. ^ 176 ; DC.
prodr. 2. p. 2S1 ; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 150. A. carnosus, Ant^ gen. 2.
p. lOD. A. sa",:al 'ntu \,' Richards, app. Frankl. jo urn. ed. 2. p. 29. Lindl.
bot.rex. t. 1324 (fide Hook.)

Plains of the Missouri and Platte ; on the Saskatchawan, Drummond, &c.

332 LEGUMINOSyE. Astragalus.

Stems 6-12 inches long. Flowers violet-purple. Fruiting racemes prostrate.
Legume the size of an ordinarj plum. Null. — We have never received speci-
mens of this plant.

14. A. Plaltensis (Nutt. ! mss.) : " stems numerous, nearly prostrate, hirsute
■with whitish spreading hairs; stipules bioadly ovate, acute; Icailcts 8-12
pairs, elliptical or oblong; peduncles shorter than the leaves ; racemes short;
bracts about twice as long as the pedicels; calyx pilose with daikish hairs,
oblong; legume thick and fleshy, broadly ovate, acuminate, somewhat com-
pressed, pilose." — A. caryocarpus, Torr ! in ann. lye. Neio- York, 2. p. 179.

•Plains of the Platte, NuttaU ! Dr. James ! May. — Stems 6-10 inches long.
Leaflets mostly obtuse, on the lowest leaves obovate. Racemes 6-10 flow-
ered : flowers pale purple, larger than in the preceding species. Teeth of
the calyx nearly half the length of the tube. Fruit the size of a small plum.

15. A. tricJwcaly.T (Nutt.! mss.): stems numerous, decumbent, some-
what pilose with appresscd hairs ; stipules lanceolate ; leaflets 10-10 pairs,
elliptical-oblong, obtuse ; peduncles about the length of the leaves ; racemes
short and crowded ; bracts a little longer than the pedicels; calyx densely
villous with mostly whitish hairs ; the leeth subulate, scarcely halt the length
of the tube ; legume thick and somewhat fleshy, glabrous,' finely wrinkled
transversely."

Plains of x^rkansas, Nuliall ! & Dr. Learemcorih! who also found it in
Texas I — Closely aUied to A. caryocarpus, from which it differs, according to
NuttaU. in its more nunierous leaflets, paler flowers, and densely villous ca-
lyx. This and the two preceding species are remarkable for their succulent
legumes, which are filled with a sweetish and rather agreeable juice, so that,
as Mr. NuttaU informs us, they were frequently collected by the party with
which he travelled, as an article of food.

t 1 1 Legumes curved.

16. A. pachycarpus : procumbent, diffuse, canescently hirsute with ap-

firessed hairs ; stipules ovate, acuminate; leaflets 8-16 pairs, elliptical and ob-
ong-obovate ; peeiuncles much shorter than the leaves ; (spikes few-flower-
ed?) bracts lanceolate, scarcely long as as the short pedicels; legumes ovate,
coriaceous, very turgid and dilated laterally, somewhat curved, with a short
beak, inflexed at each suture, 2-celled, slightly Avrinkled tran- versely.

Prairies of Arkansas, Dr. Leavemcorth .' — Stems 6-10 inches long,
branched. Leaflets half an inch long, obtuse, or rather acute. Flowers not
seen. Legume an inch long and half an inch broad, rounded at the base,
iVith a deep furrow at each suture : cells 4-5 seeded. — Resembles A. caryo-
carpus in habit and foliage, but the fruit is entirely distinct.

17. A. succumbpj-^ (Dougl.) : every part hirsute ; stem procumbent, flex-
uous, branched ; stipules small, oblong, acuminate ; leaflets 5 pairs, obovate ;
peduncles shorter than the leaves; racemes capitate, oval; flowers (rather
large) spreading, loose; bracts linear-subulate, longer than the very short pe-
dicels ; calyx loosely hirsute; legumes linear-lanceolate, falcate, glabrous and
shining, bicarinate, 2-celled, many-seeded. Eoolc.fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 151.

Barren grounds of the Oregon and near the tYallawallah, Douglas. —
Flowers large, purple and white. Legumes about tAvo inches long, carinate
on one side, Avith a deep furrow on the other, so that a transverse section
represents the letter V. Hook.

18. -4. obcordatus (Fill.) : nearly glabrous, procumbent or assurgent ; leaf-
lets 7-12 pairs, ohcordate, or obovate-oblong ; peduncles abeiut as long as the
leaves; spikes S-15-flowercd, ovate or roundi-h, rather loose; calyx hairy;
the teeth subulate, about as long as the tube ; legumes oblong, triangular, a

AsTRAGALCs. LEGUMINOS^. 333

little curved, acute at cach'end, stronfrly rcticuktod, the upper suture acute,
the lower one deeply sulcate. — Ell. s/r. 2. p. 221.

Bluils on tlie St. Mary's Kiver, Georgia, Hakhvin ! Newbern, N. Caro-
lina, and Middle Florida, Croom I /Jr. Chopman ! — Plant 4-8 inches
long. Leaves numerous: leatiets 3-4 lines long; thuse ol the radical leaves
very small and roundish. Stipules lanceolate. Kloweis 4-5 lines long, white
mixed with pale blue, distinctly pedicellate. Legume an inch in length, with
a very acute and rather long point, but not acuminalcd.

20. A. (Jistortn.^: sparsely pubescent, prostrate ; leaflets 8-12 pairs, oblong
or obovate, sometimes elliptical, usually einarginate ; peduncles longer than
the leave?; spike roundish or oblong, 10-20-iiowtrcd, loose; calyx clothtd
with blackish hairs; thj teeth broad, acuminate, about half the length ot the
tube ; legumes oblong, somewhat inflated, often somewhat twisted, abruptly
pointi.'d, scarcely reticulated; upper suture slightly indexed; the lower one
deep'y sulcate.

Arkansas Xntlall! Dr. Leai-enwnrih! Texas, Dnrmmond ! Dr. Lea v-
enworth ! Alay. — Stem S-15 inches long. Lower leaflets oittn much small-
er than the upper ones, and broader in proportion to their length. Flowers
about half an iiichlong, blue, and sometimes (apparently) nearly white. Ca-
lyx about onc-fhird the length of the corolla; the teeth almost vill''us. Le-
gumes about 8 lines long, abruptly curved in the middle, sessile. — Very near
the preceding species. Tiie leaflets are usually narrower, the teeth ot the ca-
lyx shorter, and clothed with black hairs ; and the legume is quite ditferent.

2L .4. diaphanus (Dougl.): prostrate and diffuse, pilose-scabrous; sti-
pules small, ovate, acuminate. 1 'allots 5-9 paTS, obovate ; peduncles shorter
than the leaves; flowers (small) in loo.-e heads; bracts minute, ovate, acu-
minate, rather shorter than the pedicels ; legumes lalcate, somewhat renexed,
linear, compressed, somewhat diaphanous, nearly glabrous, 2-celled, many-
seeded. Ilank. Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 151.

Sandy soil near the G.eat Falls of the Oregon. Flowers scarcely more
than half an inch long, purple, fading w^hen dry to nearly white. Legume
scarcely an inch long, flattened laterally. Iluok.

22. A. lentigviosus (Dougl.) : prostrate, somewhat glabrous ; stipules small,
ovate, acute ; leaflets about 8 pairs, obovate ; peduncles shcrter than the
leaves ; flowers . . ..; legumes ovate, acuminate, membranaceous, curved up-
wards, inflated at the base, 2-celled, somewhat glabrous. Hook.ji. Bor.-Am.
1. JD. 151.

Subalpine ranges of the Blue Mountains of Oregon, Doitglas. — Resem-
bles A. tuberculosus, a native of Syria and Cappadocia. Hook.

22. A. infle.Tvs (Dougl.) : prostrate, diflxise, whole plant very villcus-to-
mentose ; stemflexuous; stipules rathe^ large, ovale; leaflets 9-10 pairs, ellip-
tical and rather acute, or obovatear^.doiiuse; peduncles longer than the leaves,
racemes loose, oval; bracts subulate, nearly as long as the membraaaceous
calyx; legumes ovate, acuminate, depressed, somewhat 2-celled, much curv-
ed upwards. Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. \.p. 151.

Barren sandy grounds of the Oregon, from the junction of Lewis' and
Clarke's River to the mountains. Douglas. — Whole plant (except the large
purpl? corolla) woolly wnih long loose hairs. Calyx very thin, long and cy-
lindrical, with slender Hexuous teeth, nearly as long as the corolla. Legume
an inch lonir, ovate and tapering a little at the base, but much more at the ex-
tremity, pointed, curved so as to be ahnost doubled, with a shallow broad
furrow below. Hook.

22. A.glareosus (Dougl.) : depressed ; Avholeplant clothed Avith soft woolly
hairs; stems short; stipules oblong, acuminate, appressed, membranaceous;
leafii;t3 6 pairs, linear-oblong ; peduncles as loar; as the kuves, or shorter,

334 LEGUMINOS^. AstragaLos.

3-4-flowcred ; pedicels short, bracts linear, half as long as the cylindrical
elongated blacki-li hairy calyx. Ilook.Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 152.

Dry g.avelly banks of rivers ; upper "part of the Oregon lo the mountains,
Douglas. A'pri!-May.— Plant about 5 inches high, with dtnstly woolly and
•whitish foliage, which the large llowers of its numerous peduncles, of a rich
purple-blue color, just exceed in height. The legumes were not obtained. Hook.

****Sfi'pules cohering neither v-ith each other nor with the petiole : Jloioers in dense
spikes or heads : legumes straight : root annual.

25. A. lep'ocarpus : erect or assurgent, branched from the base, some-what
pubescc-nt; leaHets 6-S pairs, cuneate-elliptical, retuse ; stipules lanceolate,
acuminate ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; spikes ovate, few-(3-7-) flow-
reJ, loose; bracts subulate, rather minute ; calyx campanulate ; the teeth sub-
ulate, shorter than the tube ; legumes linear, very narrow, elongated, membra-
naceous, glabrous. 2-celled, 11-12-seeded.

Near the Sabine River, Dr. Leavenworth ! Texas, Drummond! April.
— Stem about a foot long, with somewhat spreading branches. Leaflets 4-5
lines long, a littl • aairy on the midrib beneath, glabrous above. Flowers deep
purplish-blue, half an inch long. Calyx clothed with appressed daik-colored
hairs. Vexillum broadly obovate : keel broad, obtuse, with a narroAv furrow
along the back.— We have an Astragalus without fruit, collected in California
by Douglas, which we can hardly distinguish from this species.

26. A.refle.vus: assurgent; stem and lower surface of the leaves hairy ;
leaflets 6-7 pairs, cuneate-obovate, emarginate; stipules ovate-lanceolate
(rather large), acute; peduncles longer than the leaves; spikes ovate, few-
6-10-) flovvered, the flowers s[)reading; bracts minute; calyx campanulate,
the teeth subulate, longer than the tube; legumes ovate-oblong, rather acute,
reflexed, thick and coriaceous, corrugated transversely, glabrous, 2-celled; the
upper suture nearly straight and prominently ridgtd, the lower deeply intro-
flexed ; cells 3-4-seeded

Texas, Drummond ! — A foot or more in height, slender, branched. Leaf-
lets half an inch long, usually truncate and emarginate. Flowers one-third of
an inch long, purplish. Vexillum narrow, elongated: keel obtusely rostrate,
much longer than the wings. Legumes one-third of an inch long, somewhat
triangular. A remarkable species, resembling Oxytropis in its rostiatekeel;
but the legume is that of a genuine Astragalus.

•*♦♦* Stipules cohering neither xnth each other, nor icith the petiole : f ewers p-urple
or white : legumes curved : root annual.

27. A. Nuttal 11 amis (DC): decumbent or assurgent, minutely pubescent;
leaflets 5-7 pairs, linear-oblong or elliptical, the lower ones (maigirate, gla-
brous above; stipules lanceolate, acute; peduncles a liiile longer than the
leaves; heads 3-8-flowered ; the flowers somewhat umbellate and spnading;
bracts minute, ovate, shorter than the pedicfls ; calyx ca^^ panulate. detply 5-
cleft; segment; lanceolate, acute; Irgume linf.ar, somewhat aicuate and turn-
ed upwards, bicarinate. glabrous, reticulated ; cells B-seeded. — DC. ! pradr.
2. p. 289. A. mici-anthus, Nutt.! in jour. acad. Philad. 3. p. 122, not of
Desv.

fi. trirhocarpus : heads 3-5-flowered ; calyx and ovary nearly hispid ; le-
gumes hairy.

Naked pliices in tho prairies of Red River and the Arkansas, KvttaU ! Dr.
Leavenworth ! S. 'I'exas, Drummond ! Mav.-June.— Stem 10-18 inches
high, branched from the base. Leaflets 4-5 lines long, pubescent with
ap'pressed hairs b?neath. Flowers one-third of an inch lorg, blue. Ovary
glabrous. Legume 8-10 lines long, and Inline wide, slightly curved towards

Astragalus. LEGUMINOSiE. 335

the base, with a short abrupt point. Seeds somewhat truncate. — In Dr. Lea-
venworth's and in Uriuniiioiid's specimens the legumes are strai^hlcr, loiigir,
and less tumid than in Mr. Nuttull's; but in otlier rtspccls they agree ex-
tremely well.

§ 2. Stipules not cohering trith the petiole: flov-ers ochroleucous. —

Ochroleuci, DC.

* Stijniles not cohering with each other : legumes often curved: root arinual.

28. A. muliicaitlis (Nun.\ mss.): "canescent ; stems much branched from
the base and cffspitose ; leaflets 3-6 pairs, mostly obovate, obtuse ; stipules
ovate, membranaceous; racemes 3-5-tiowered, shorter than the leaves ; biaots
subulate; calyx campanulate; the teeth broadly subulate, as long as the tube;
legumes oblong, very hairy, much curved, intlated, acute, partly 2-ceUcd, the
upper suture sulcate.

" Dry sterile hills near Ham's Fork of the Colorado of the West. June. —
Apparently biennial. [4 ?] Stems about four or five inches high, intricately
■branched, the lower part usually buried in the sand. Leaflets 3-4 lines long.
Flowers nearly white, Avith a tinge of dull purple." A'n^L— Perhaps not refer-
red to its proper station in the genus. The flowers are apparently ochroleucous ;
but the root seems to be perennial.

♦ • Stipules coheiiiig with each other.

29. A. Oreganus (Nutt. ! mss.): "dwarf and decumbent, canescent
with ajipressed hairs; leaflets 17-21, broadly obovate or obcordate ; stipules
membranaceous; peduncle terminal, very f:hort ; ^])ike somewhat capitate;
bracts linear, more than half the length of the blackish villous calyx ; teeth of
the calyx about one-third the length of the tube.

" Plains of the Rocky Mountain ran.re towards the sources of the Oregon.
Several stems from one root, about fi inches long, scarcely branched. Flow-
ers as large as in A. Canadensis. Legumes not seen." Nuttall.

30. A. flavus (Nutt.! mss.) : " somewhat canescent Aviih appressed hairs,
diffusely branched and decumbent; leaflets 2-5 pairs, oblong, or lanceolate-
linear, rather acute, nearly glabrous above ; stipules united opposite the leaves ;
peduncles longer than the leaves ; spikes at length elongated and loose ; ca-
lyx campanulate; the teeth subulate, nearly as long as the tube; legumes
mostly included in the calyx, oblong-ovate, much compressed contrary to the
sutures, with a broad and rather deep furrow below, partly 2-celled."

Hill-s of the central chain of the Rocky Mountains, towards the Oregon.
Nuttall! — Steins 6-8 inches long, rather slender. Spikes 10-15-flowered ;
the flowers rather bright yellow. Legumes about one-third of an inch loiig ;
the sutures closely approximated ; the upper one a little prominent, forming
a ridge along a broad shallow depression.

♦ • Stipules not cohering tcith each other: spikes pedunculate : legumes sessile: root
perennial.

31. A. Canadensis (Linn.) : tall and erect, canescent ; stipules broadly
lanceolate, acuminate, leaflets usually about 10 (rarely 12-14) pairs, elliptical
or oblong, obtuse ; peduncles about as long as the leaves ; spikes oblong or
elongated; bracts subulate, nearly as long as the calyx; flowers spreading,
and partly reflexcd ; legumes ovate-oblong, terete, erect, coriaceous, gla-
brim=;, 2-celled, manv-seeded; the upper suture prominent and acute. — Willd.
sp. 3. p. 1274; Pursh, Ji. 2. p. 472; Ell. sk. 2. p. 227; Hook. f. Bor.-
Am. l.p. 152. A. Carohnianus, Linn. ; Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 66 ; Pursh, I. c. ;
Ell. I. c.

336 LEGUMINOS.E. AsxRAGALns.

Along rivers, and on mountains ? Canada ! as far north as lat. 58^, to Louisi-
ana ! and west to the Oregon. June-Aug. — Stem 1-3 feet high, robust,
somewhat branched. Leaflets | to H inch long, u:^ually glabrous aoove,
sparsely pubescent beneath. Spikes 1-4 inches in length. Flowers about 8
lines long. Calyx more or less pubescent, often villous; the teeth subulate,
less than one-third the lens;th of the calyx. Legumes | of an inch long, ab-
ruptly pointed, forming a compact head or spike, lO-15-.seeded. Seeds reni-
form, compressed. — There can be little doubt that A. Canadensis and A.Ca-
roliniaaus are one species. The leaflets are variable from 21 to 29 ; but we
have never found so many as 41, the number assigned by Linnaeus to A. Caro-
linianus. In our specimens from the State of New-York, and from Gluebec,
the teeth of the calyx are scarcely one-fifth the length of the calyx ; but in all
others they are nearly one-third its length : in other respects there is no dif-
ference.

32. A. spicatjfs (T^utt.l mss.) : "pubescent, erect; leaflets about 10 pairs,
elliptic-oblong, obtuse ; stipules ovate, acuminate ; peduncles rather longer
than the leaves; spikes oblong; bracts ovate, about the length of the pedi-
cels; flowers reflexed ; teeth of the calyx short, the upper ones widest ; le-
gumes cylindrical-oblong, terete, pubescent, with a short subulate point.

"Plains, near streams, in the Rocky Mountain range. — Nearly related to
A. Canadensis ; but diflers in the legumes and bracts." Nuttall.

33. A. tristis (Nutt. ! mss.): "somewhat pubescent, dwarf and decum-
bent ; leaflets 8-10 pairs, obovate-oblong, glabrous above; stipules ovate-
lanceolate; peduncles stout, shorter than the leaves; spikes oblong, dense,
the flowers reflexed ; bracts oblong-lanceolate, nearly as long as the blackish
villous calyx ; teeth of the calyx rather short, triangular ; ovary villous,
straight.

'• ilocky Mountains, towards the sources of the Platte. — Allied to the two
preceding species, particularly to the latter; but a dwarfish plant." Nuttall.

34. A. leucophyllus : canescent (the young leaves silvery), erect, tall ;
leaflets 14-18 pairs, oblong-linear, rather acute; stijules (small) subulate;
peduncles twice as long as the leaves ; spikes oblong, dense, the flowers erect-
spreading ; bracts subulate, a little longer than the pedicels ; teeth of the ca-
lyx subulate, about one-third the length of the til/!'.

Calitornia, Douglas ! — Whole plant whitish, witaa very minute appressed
pubescence. Leaflets approximated, about | of an inch long, and 1-2 lines
wide. Stipules 2-3 lines long, broad at the base. Spikes about 2 inches in
length. Flowers as large as those of A. Canadensis. Vexillum oblong, a
little exceeding the wings. Ovary glabrous. Legumes not seen,

35. A. Purshii (Dough): very hirsute ; stems short, diffuse; leaflets 6-8
pairs, oblong ; stipules lanceolate, acuminate ; peduncles half as long as the
leaves ; flowers in loose heads, spreading ; bracts linear-lanceolate, tv> ice as
long as the pedicels; calyx elongated, membranaceous; winces narrow, near-
ly as long as the vexiUiim ; ovary subsessile, linear, very hirsute. Hook. ft.
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 152.

Low hills of the Spokan River, Oregon, Douglas. June. — Whole
plant very woolly-hirsute. Flowers yellow, li inch long. Teeth of the ca-
lyx subulate, equal, half as long as the tube. Vexillum obovate: keel purple
at the tip. Ripe legumes not known. Hook.

36. A. glab er (Michx.) : stem nearly glabrous, erect; leaves {ew. distant;
leaflets 15-23, linear-oblong and linear-lanceolate, somewhat hairy beneath;
stipules almost none; spikes elongated, the flowers distant ; bracts subulate,
about as long as the pedicels ; calyx tubular-campanulate, the teeth broad and
very short; legumes oblong, acute at each end, compressed contrary to the

Astragalus. LEGUMlNOSiE. 337

sutures coriaceous, 2-cell6d, frlabrous and reticulated. — Mich.r. ! Jl. 2. p. 6G;
Nutt. gen. 2. p. 99 ; /://. sk. 2. p. 227; DC. prodr. 2. p. 293.

Sandy pine woods, North Carolina! to Florida!— Stem about 2 feet hieh.
Lrallets 6-S lines lonff, the lower ones obtuse or retuse. Stipules extremely
minute, deciduous. Pedunelos often twice the length of the leaves. Flow-
ers spreadin<j or reflexcd, wiiitish, 7-S lines lone;, slender. Calyx pubescent,
about one-tlurd the leuijlh of the corolla. Legume li inch long, somewhat
tumid.— Perhaps not properly referred to this section; as we arc not certam
that the flowers arc ochroleucous. The subdivision Dissitijlori, of De
CandoUe's first section, is the only one to which it has much resemblance ;
and from this it is excluded by its curved legumes.

• ♦♦♦ Stipules not cohering : legumes sti pilate : root ■perennial.

37. A. racemosus (Pursh) : erect or assurgent, somewhat pubescent ; leaf-
lets about 10 pairs, elliptical-oblong; peduncles longer than the leaves; flow-
ers in dense spikes, nodding and somewhat secund ; calyx oblong; the teeth
subulate, more than half the lengtii of the tube ; legumes pendulous, ellipti-
cal-oblong, triquetrous, acute at each end. glabrous, l-celled, the lower suture
deeply inflexed.— P;/r.5/j, ft. 2. p. 7-10; DC. prodr. 2. p. 294. A. galegoides,
Null.! gen. 2. p. 100, not oi Linn.

Saline soils, from the banks of the White River to the Rocky Mountams,
Nuttall. On the Platte, Dr. James .'—About 2 feet high, minutely pubes-
cent. Leaflets 6-8 lines long, rather acute. Stipules lanceolate, membra-
naceous. Spikes racemose, many-flowered: pedicels about 2 lines long. Ca-
lyx pubescent. Legume (including the stipe) about 15 lines long and 3 lines
wide, the stipe scarcely one-third the length of the fertile portion.— A. gale-
giformis, Linn, diflers in being glabrous ; in the broader and much shorter
teeth of the calyx; the 2-celled smaller and more ventricose legume; and in
the much longer stipe.

38. A. Drummondii{I>ong\.): tall and erect ; stem, peduncles, and leaves
clothed with soft hairs ; leaflets 12-15 pairs, linear-oblong and oblong, nar-
rowed at the base; stipules ovate, much acuminated ; peduncles longer than
the leaves ; spikes elongated, loose ; bracts subulate, longer than the pedicels;
flowers pendulous and somewhat secund; teeth of the calyx subulate, about
half the length of the tube; legumes recurved, cylindrical, glabrous, a little
falcate, partly 2-celled; the upper suture obtuse, the lower deeply inflexed.—
Hook. jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 153, t. 57.

Hudson's Bav, and on the Saskatchawan, Donglas .' Grassy places by
streams, near the sources of the Platte, Nuita/l .'—Stem 1-2 feet high, rather
robust. Leaflets i-1 inch long. Raceme 3-4 inches long. Legumes carti-
laiinous, when mature 2 inches in length ; the stipe slender and about one-
fifth the length of the pod.— Very near the preceding species, but quite
distinct.

§ 3, Stipules more or less cohering with the petiole ; ihepetiole not indu-
rated and spinose. — Podochreati, DC.

39. A. mollissimvs (Tort.): silky-villoUs, nearly stemless, erect ; leaflets
11-14 pairs, ovate-oblong; stipules triangtilar-ovate. partly adhering to the
petiole ; peduncles mostly longer than the leaves ; fl^ow^ers in long racemose
spikes, somewhat erect; calyx cylindrical; the teeth subulate, half the length
of the tube ; legumes cylindrical-oblong, coriaceous, curved, glabrous, 2-cel-
led, moderately grooved along each suture.— Ton\ .' in ann. lye. New-York,
2. p. 178.

Sources of the Platte, near the Rockv Mountains, /?r. James! Autt-
all /—Plant about one foot high ; the pubescence of a yellowish color. Leaf-

43

338 LEGUMINOS^. Oxytropis.

lets I of an inch Ions:. Peduncles and petioles stout. Flowers large, bright
purple. Legume about ^ of an inch long and 2i lines wide, somewhat com-
pressed contrary to the dissepiment, perfectly 2-celled.

+ Doubtful species.

40. A. miser (Dougl.) : stem weak ; leaflets 5-10 pairs, linear, somewhat
pubescent ; stipules acuminate ; calyx blackish. Ddugl. in Hook. Ji. Bor.-
Am. 1. p. 153, note.

Low hills of Spokan River, 60 miles from its confluence with the Oregon.
May-June. If Doup-Iai^. — Of this plant Mr. Douglas sent home no speci-
mens. Mr. Nuttall obtained what he considers the same species, but with-
out fruit. The following is the short description which he communicated to
us. — " Root large, fusiform. Stem slender, almost prostrate, somewhat hir-
sute. Leaflets 7-8 pairs, obovate, acute. Stipules broadly ovate, united,
opposite the leaves. Racemes feAv-flowered, about the length of the leaves.
Bracts minute. Calyx hirsute with blackish hairs ; the teeth acute and short.
Flowers small, pale purpUsh. — Perhaps a Phaca."

34. OXYTROPIS. DC. Astrag., ^ prodr. 2. p. 275.

Calyx 5-toothed. Keel with a subulate point. Legume partly 2-celled hj
the introflexion of the upper or placental suture. — Perennial (very rarely an-
nual) herbaceous or sometimes sufTruticose plants, often acaulescent. Leaveat
unequally pinnate. Spikes pedunculate, axillary or radical.

§1. Nearly stemless: stipules ad nate to the petioles : leaflets not verti-
cillate. — Acaules, DC.

* Flowers purple or white.

1. O.horealis (DC): nearly stemless; scape and stipules hispid with
bristly hairs; the petioles with few hairs; leaflets elliptical-lanceolate, gla-
brous beneath, hairy above; scapes as long as the leaves; flowers capitate j
bracts as long as the blackish very hispid calyx. DC. prodr. 2. p. 275; Hook.
Ji. Bor.-Am.l. p. 145 ; Hook. 4- .47'??. bot. Beechey, p. 122.

/?. bracts foliaceous, longer than the flowers ; leaflets narrower. Hook. ^
Am. I. c.

Kotzebue's Sound, Beechey. — The variety /?. will perhaps prove to be a
distinct species.

2. O. Uralensis (DC.) : stemless, villous, scarcely silky ; leaflets oblong-
lanceolate ; scapes longer than the leaves, and (with the calyx) hirsute-wool-
ly ; heads many-flowered, ovate, the flowers spreading ; lower bracts longer
than the calyx, the others equalling it in length; legumes somewhat distant,
erect, ovate, acuminate, 2-ceUed. DC. prodr. 2. p. 279 ; Hook.ji. Bor.-Am.
l.p. 145; Nutt.injour. acad. Philad. l.p. 18, excl. syn. Astragalus
Uralensis, Linn.

0. subsuccnlenta (Hook. 1. c.) : leaves nearly glabrous and somewhat
fleshy.

y. minor (Hook. 1. c.) : somewhat glabrous ; flowers few.

Arctic America and Labrador, Hooker. Head-waters of the Missouri,
Nuttall. /i*. Arctic sea-shoie, Dr. Richardson, r. Dry hills and prairies of
the Rocky Mountains, Drummond. — A very variable species. Hooker.

3. O. arcticn (R. Brown) : nearly stemless, silky; leaflets opposite and al-
ternate, oval-oblong ; heads few-flowered, the flowers somewhat umbellate ;

OXYTR0PI3. LEGUMINOS.^. 339

lefrunies erect, oblonsr, acuminate, and (with the calyx) clothed with black
hairs. R. /ir.—IIonk. ! jl. lior.-Am. 1. p. HCi.

a. snbinnbi'llala (Hook. ! I. c.) : heads 2-4-Howered. — O. arctica,/?. llr.! in
app. Parry's l.s-/ voy. p. 27S ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 276.

p. minor (Hook.! 1. c.) : densely silkv ; Howers solitary.

y.inftala {Hook'. 1. c): leaves and inflated legumes somewhat glahrons.

a. &. p. Arctic islands and shores! y. Highest summits ot the Hocky
Mountains. — Probably, as Hooker suggests, not distinct from the preceding
species.

4. O.foUosa (Hook.) : stemless, canescently hairy; leaflets numerous, ap-
proximated, ovate or oblong-ovate, rather acute ; scapes longer than the leaves,
hairy; heads broadly ovate (sTnall) ; flow> rs crowded, spreading, the lower ones
reflexed ; bracts linear-lanceolate, shorter than the calyx ; legumes rather re-
mote, deflexed, cylindrical, acute, clothed (as well as the calyx) with blackish
hairs. Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. ]. p. 276.

Saskatchawan River! west to the Rockv Mountains, Hooker. — Leaves
3-4 inches long: leaflets 11-14 pairs, one-third ol'an inch long, clothed with
appressed hairs. Scape about as long as the leaves ; the pubescence spread-
ing. Teeth of the calyx nearly as long as the lube. "Legumes about one
inch long: stipe short, included in the calyx." Hook.

5. O. Lamberti (Pursh): caespitose and stemless; leaflet? numerous [5-8
pairs], linear-lanceolate, strigose, rather remote ; common petiole very long;
scape longer than the leaves; spikes oblong; bracts lanceolate, shorter than
the silkv calyx. Null.— Pursh, fl. 2. p. 740; Nuit. ! gen. 2. p. 98 ; DC. prodr.
2. p. 277.

0. silky-pilose; leaflets 10- 14 pairs, lanceolate; hairs of the calyx partly,
and of the sheathing stipules wholly, dark. — O. Lamberti P. Hook.! fl. Bor.-
Am. 2. p. 147.

;■. flowers larger, more remote, spreading. — O. Lamberti, Sims, hot. mag. t.
2147; Lindl. bol. reg. t. 1054. O. Lnmberti a. Honk. I. c.

5. ? lanceolate leaflets (6-9 pairs) and stipules much less hairy ; heads few-
flowered, the flowers partly spreading ; calyx with a mixture of blackish
hairs.

c. very dwarf, canescently woolly ; the leaflets shorter and about 5 pairs ; scape
scarcely longer than the leaves ; flowers capitate or nearly so ; calyx dense-
ly woolly ; bracts small and short ; wings emarginate. — O. Lamberti ff
leucophylla. A'"//. ?n.<s.

Woodless hills of the Missouri, from the Platte to the mountains, Nvttallf
Dr. James! /?. Saskatchawan! to the Rocky Mountains, Douglas, Drum-
mond. y. Canada (Hook.) i. near Q,u bee, Mrs. Percival! i. Plains of
the Platte, Nnttall. May.-June. — Flowers bright purple. — Allied to O,
grandiflora and O. ambigua, and not far removed, as Hooker thinks, from
som;^ Slates of O. Qralensi-. We have not seen the mature legumes. Ac-
cording to Nuttall they are glabrous, black, ?mall, somewhat terete, acuminate,
and partly 2-celled.

6. O. sericea (Mutt. ! mss.): "stomle.-<s, somewhat cn?spitose, shining and
whitish with appressed silkv hairs; leaflets linear-oblong or lanceolate (ibose
of the primary leaves elliplical and obtuse) ; scapes longer than the leaves;
spikes short, elongatid in fruit ; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, shorter than
the calyx; teeth ofth? calyx short and subulate; legumes somewhat cylindri-
cal. acu;ninat'\ 2-colled, canescently pubescent."

Rocky Mountains. Nnttall! — Leafl is about f of an inch long. Wings
emarginate. Scapes stout and rigid in fruit. Legumes (including the beak)
nearly an inch long, coriaceous, compressed contrary to the sutures, — ]\\aily
related to O. Lamberti.

340 , LEGUMINOSiE. Oxytropis.

7. O. Plattcnsis (Nutt. ! mss.): "stemless and somewhat casspitose, ca-
nescently villous; leaflets oblong-elliptical or oblong-lanceolate, more or less
acute; scape longer than the leaves; flowers in interrupted spikes; bracts
subulate, siiorter than the calyx; teeth of the calyx nearly half the length of
the tube; wings dilated and emarginate.

"Plains of the Platte. — Differs Irom O. Lamberti in its shorter and wider
leaflets, and in the longer teeth of the calyx." Nvtiall. — This plant strongly
resembles O. Lamberti /?., and seems to differ chiefly in being whiter, more
villous, and in the looser, interrupted spikes.

8. O.Hooken'ana (Nutt. mss.): "stemless, somewhat csespitose ; pilose ;
leaflets linear-lanceolate, acute at each end ; scapes longer than the leaves ;
flowers in somewhat interrupted spikes ; bracts foliaceous, lanceolate-linear,
nearly the lengtli of the calyx ; teeth of the calyx subulate, nearly as long as
the tube ; wings dilated and emarginate.

" Plains of the Platte. May-June. — Also allied to O. Lamberti ; but the
leaves are nearly green and loosely pilose, with the flowers (purple) smaller
and the calyx shorter and more deeply divided. It is also a more dwarf spe-
cies." Nuttall. — We have seen no specimens of this plant.

9. O. Lagopus (Nu.Xl.): nearly stemless, silky-lanuginous, rather dwarf;
leaflets oblong-elliptical, about 4 pairs: flowers (5-6) capitate and some-
Avhat umbelled ; calyx cylindrical, densely clothed Avith white silky hairs,
longer than the ovate bracts ; the teeth subulate, half the length of the tube.
— Nutt. ! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. ]7.

About the sources of the Missouri, Mr. Wyeth! (from Nuttall.) — Root
long and thick. Caudex divided above into several short crowded branches,
which bear tufts of whitish leaves. Leaflets about 3 lines long. Peduncles
1-2 inches long. Flowers closely approximated, violet-blue. Corolla scarce-
ly exserted : vexillum obcordate ; wings oblong : keel with a short straight
rather obtuse point. Ov^ary glabrous. Ripe legumes not seen. — This spe-
cies may prove to be a Phaca.

10. O. 7iana (Nutt. ! mss.) : "stemless, cEespitose, dwarf, canescently pi-
lose ; leaflets about 3 pairs, elliptical-oblong, somewhat acute ; scapes longer
than the leaves ; head few-flowered ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, shorter than the
very woolly calyx ; teeth of the calyx short; wings dilated and emarginate.

" Plains of the Platte in the Rocky Mountain range. — Scapes 2-3 inches
high. Flowers large for the size of the plant, purple. — Distinguished
from O. Lamberti, which it resembles in some respects, by its dwarf sta-
ture, and the small number of its leaflets." Nuttall.

11. O. lii'o'resceHS (Fischer) : stem very short, divided above into several
procumbent branches ; leaflets 3-5 pairs, elliptical, rather acute, villous ; sti-
pules and calyx villous with blackish hairs ; peduncle 2-flowered, as long as
the leaves; legumes oblong, inflated, pubescent, 1-celled. DC. prodr. 2. p.
278 ; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 2^- 147. Astragalus nigrescens, Pall. Astrag.
p. 65, t. 63, ex DC.

Island of St. Lawrence in Behring's Straits. — Flowers bluish-purple, rather
large. Keel with a small, but evident point. DC. — A native also of Eastern
Siberia.

* * Flowers ochrolcucous.

12. O. cainpestris (DC.) : leaflets many pairs, lanceolate, silky ; scapes
^ften decumbent, usually longer than the leaves ; spikes capitate (sometimes
^elongated) ; flowers erect ; bracts a little longer than the calyx ; legumes
erect, oblong-ovate, inflated, rostrate, pubescent, half 2-celled. — DC. prodr.
2, p. 278; Richards.! app. Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. 28; Hook.! fl. Bor.-
Am. 1. p. 147.

OxYTROPis. LEGUMINOS^. 341

/ff. speciosa : leaflets b^oa(ler and more silky ; flowers larger. — O. canipes-
tris y. sulphurea, Hook. ! I. c, not of DC. ?

y. spicata (Hook. ! 1. c): spikes elongated; flowers more n-mote.

i. glabrata {\loo\i.\ I.e.): leaflets almost glabrous and somewhat suc-
culent.

«. melanocephala (Hook.! 1. c.) : smaller; calyx villous with blackish
hairs.

a. a. & y. British America, west to the Pacific ! i. &, t. Arctic and
Subarctic America! — Leaflets variable in number and breadth, usually 8-10
pairs, lanceolate and approximated, in y. & <5. rather remote. Scapes 4-12
inches long, mostly longer than the leaves. Legumes about an inch long,
terminated with a long oblique ensiform point. — This species is a native also
of the mountains of Europe. Hooker considers his var. sulphurea (our/?.)
as probably identical with O. sulphurea, Lrdeh. cf Fisch. (O. campestris y.
sulpimrea, DC.) ; but our specimen of that plant, received from Dr. Fi-scher,
has the leaflets much narrower, more acute, and closely approximated.

13. O. viscida (Nutt. ! mss.) : "stemles«, coespitose, hairy and viscid ; leaf-
lets numerous (16-29 pairs), oblong-lanceolate, somewhat acute ; peduncles
longer than the leaves; stipules pilose, membranaceous, with a long acumi-
nation; spikes subcvlindrical ; bracts as long as the calyx; teeth of the calyx
subulate, about the length of the tube ; legumes short, terete, pubescent, acu-
minate.

'• Rocky Mountains, near the sources of the Oregon. — Scapes about 14
inches high. Flowers rather smaller than in O. Uralensis." Nutlall.

14. O. mnlticeps (Nutt.! mss.): nearly stemless, cBe«pitose, canescently
silkv ; caudex divided above into numerous heads ; leaflets 3-4 pairs, ellipti-
cal-lanceolate; stipules adnate to the petiole, ovate, acute, membranaceous;
scapes longer than the leaves, 2-3-flowered ; bracts ovate ; legumes ovale,
acuminate, wholly included in the inflated calyx, half 2-celled."

Summit of lofty hills in the Rocky Mountain range, towards Lewis's
River. — Nnttall! Plant forming beautiful silvery tufts about 3 inches
high. Leaflets about i of an inch long. Calyx at length somewhat gla-
brous; the teeth subulate, ^ the length of the tube. Legumes compressed
cqjitrary to the sutures, pubescent, about 8-seeded. — A well marked species,
biit perhaps not referred to its proper section, as the flowers are unknown.
The legume, however, is truly that of Oxytropis.

§ 2. Acaulescent: leaflets mostly rerticillate or fascicled. — Verticil-
lares, DC.

15. O. splendens (Doug\.): stemless; leaflets verticillate in threes and
fours, lanceolate, very acute, silky ; scapes longer than the leaves, clothed (as
likewise the petioles) with spreading hairs ; flowers somewhat remote, erect-
spreading ; calyx very hairy, white ; legumes ovate, partly 2-celled, erect,
acuminate, hairy, much longer than the calyx. — Hook.! Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p.
147.

a. vestita (Hook. 1. c): very hairy ; bracts much longer than the calyx.

P. Richardsonii (Hook.! 1. c): less hairy ; bracts scarcely as long as the
calyx.— O. oxyphylla, Richards, app. Frankl. jour. ed. 2. ]j. 28, not of
Pall.

British America, from the Saskatchawan and Red Rivers, north to Bear
Lake and west to the Rocky Mountains, Douglas, Richardson .'—hea^ets
5-10 lines long, those of the primary leaves often smaller and nearly ovate,
sometimes 5-6 in a whorl. Scapes' S-12 inches high. Spike 2 inches long.
Flowers large, bright blue. Legume pointed with a long straight beak.

342 LEGUMINOSiE. Phaca.

§ 3. Stems elongated: stipules not adnate to the petiole: leajlets not ver-
ticillate. — Caulescentes, DC.

16. O. deflexa (DC.) : stem ascending, somewhat hairy ; leaflets ovate-
lanceolate, pubescent ; peduncles much longer than the leaves ; legumes pen-
dulous, hairy, 1-celled, opening widely at the summit. DC. prodr. 2. p. 280;
Richards, app. Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. 28 ; Hook. fl. Bor.-Ain. 1. p. 148.
Astragalus deflexus, Pall, in mem. acad. St. Petersh. 1776, t. 15; Uller.
stirp. t. 80, ex DC. A. hians, Jacq. ic. rar. t. 252, ex DC. A. parviflorus,
La7n. A. retroflexus. Pall. A.strag. t. 27.

/?. sericea : leave? silky-villous.

Banks of the Sa katchaw^an, Richardson., Drummnnd. /?. Rocky Moun-
tains near streams, Nutiall! — Flowers very small. Fruit large. Hock. /?.
Branching from the base. Scapes 6-12 inches long. Spikes subglobose or
ovate. Flowers about J of an inch long. Calyx villous, with a mixture of
blackish hairs ; teeth subulate, nearly as long as the tube, and spreading. Co-
rolla a little exceeding the calyx, pale dull purple, mixed with white. Keel
with a short but acute point. Legume | of an inch long, very acute, sessile.

35. PHACA. Li7in.; DC. Astrag., ^ prodr.2. p. 273.

Calyx 5-toothed or 5-cleft ; the 2 upper teeth often a little remote from each
other. Keel obtuse. Legume mostly turgid or inflated, 1-celled ; the upper
or placental suture somewhat tumid. — Mostly perennial herbs, with axillary
pedunculate racemes. Legumes when mature often resupinate by the twist-
ing ol the pedicels.

§ 1. (angen. ?) Leaves palmatehj trifoliolate. {Acaidescent^densely cces-
pitose: stijmles scarioiis, uniled. beneath the petiole: Jloxcers sessile at
the base of the leaves, or on short scapes.) — Orophaca.

1. P. ccespitosa (Nutt.) : stemless, csespitose, silky -pubescent and silvery;
root fusiform ; caudex very short; leaves on long petioles ; leaflets lanceolate,
acute at each end ; stipules (large) ovate, very thin and scaricus ; flowers
(ochroleucous) aggregated and sessile at the base of the leaves ; calyx cylin-
drical, with short sibulate teeth ; legume silky-vi louf, oblong-ovate, terete, in-
cluded in the calyx.— A''?/«..' gen.'2.p. 98; DC. prodr. 2. p. 274; Hock. f.
Ror.-Am. 1. p. 443, t. 55. Astragalus triphyllus, Pursh ! Ji. 2. p. 740, not of
Pallas.

Dry gravelly hills of the upper part of the Missouri, Bradlnry ! Nttttall !
and on the Saskatchawan, Richardson, Drummond. May.— Pvoot thick
and perpendicular, Avilh numerous veiy short heads at the summit. Petioles
2-3 inches long : leaflets (sometimes 5, ex Nutt.) nearly an inch long, atten-
uate at the base, clothed with a short shining closely oppressed pubescence.
Flowers rather large, aggregated in a dense cluster which is closely sessile on
the summit of the^caudex. Bracts like the stipules. Calyx at length a little
inflated and somewhat campanulate.

2. P. argophylla (Nutt. mss.): " stemless, cac^pitose, densely silky-villous
and silvery ; leaflets short, cuncatc-oblanceolate, rather obtuse; stipules scari-
ous. bifid and acute ; flowers (ochroleucous) densely aggregated and sessile
at the base of the leaves ; teeth of the calyx subulate, nearly as long as the
tube ; legumes short and roundi-h, densely villous.

" Summits of mountains on the upper waters of the Platte. — A very curi-
ous species, nearly related to P. cKspitosa, but with broader and shorter leaf-

PuAcA. LEGUMINOS^. 343

lets, smaller flowors, &c.' The wholo plant is silvery-white and as soft as
cotton to the touch: the young legumes appear like pellets of cotton." Nutlall.

3. P. sericea (Nutt. ! mss.) : " dwarf, depressed, densely and canescently
silky-villous ; caudex diirusely branched ; flowering branches very short,
thickly clothed with the imbricated scarious lacerated and very hairy stipules;
leaves small, on rather slender petioles; leatUts cuneate-oval or oblanceolate;
(flowers purple, very numerous); peduncles filiform, a little longer than ihe
leaves, 2-6-flowered ; segments of the calyx subulate, about the length of the
lube; legume (young) small, acuminate, many-seeded, villous."

"On the high hills of the Platte near the Rocky Mountains. — A very ele-
gant and curious species, forming a dense tuft, spreading from a few inches
to a foot or more in diameter, densely clothed in every part with a silvery
villous pubescence. Leaves crowded : leaflets scarcely one-fourth of an
inch long. Stipules large, very thin, villous on the outside, and closely im-
bricated, so that the branches appear to be clothed with a thick woolly cover-
ing. Bracts subulate. Flowers small, fine purple." Nuttall.

§ 2. Leaves vmequally pinnate, rarely 1-3-foliolate. — Phaca proper.

♦ Legumes large, memhrmiaceous, much inflated.
t Flowers ocliroleucous.

4. P. megacarpa (Nutt. ! mss.) : " almost stemless, at length nearly gla-
brous; leaves on long petioles; leaflets 4-5 pairs, roundish, slightly petiolu-
late, rather distant and often somewhat alternate ; racemes few- (3-6-) flow-
ered, much shorter than the leaves ; flowers very large ; calyx tubular, the
lanceolate-subulate teeth rather shorter than the tube ; legumes very large
and much inflated, ovate, acuminate, glabrous, nearly sessile.

"Plains of the Rocky Mountains. — A rather robust species, with numer-
ous short subterranean stems an inch or two in length, somewhat toothed
with the short persistent stipules ; somewhat allied to Astragalus longiflorus,
but a true Phaca; the pods never pulpy, and the petioles not adnate to the
petiole." Nuttall. — About a span high. Leaves a little succulent, at first
slightly strigose: leaflets about half an inch in breadth, broadly ovate or
roundish oval, often emarginate. Flowers nearly an inch in length: vexil-
lura emarginate. Legumes 2i inches long and an inch in width when ma-
ture, many-seeded.

5. P. Nattallii : "stem decumbent, low, sparingly branched, pubescent or
nearly glabrous ; leaves on short petioles, canescently pubescent when young;
leaflets approximated, 15-19 pairs, linear-oblong, somewhat narrowed at the
base, obtuse, often emarginate, villous-tomentosc on the midnb beneath; sti-
pules membranaceous, triangular, acuminate ; peduncles longer than the
leaves ; raceme spicate ; calyx nearly glabrcus, the teeth subulate, about half
the length of the tube ; legume large, inflated, at first pubescent, ventricose-
ly carinate, acuminated with the pointed style, sessile; flowers ochroleucous,
the keel tipped with a pale purple spot." — P. inllata, Nutt. ! mss., not of Gillies.

"Borders of woods near the sea, St. Barbara, California. April. — Allied
to P. trichopoda, but with a somewhat difiereut habit, large flowers, and ses-
sile fods." Nuttall. — Apparently near P. densifolia, S'/HiV/j ; a C'alifornian
species which we know only from the description, and which Mr. Nuttall
seems not to have met with ; but that species is said to have reddish flowers,
&c. The raceme or spike is oblonir, rather compact, with the flowers at
length reflexed. The calyx when young is pubescent with blackish hairs.

6. P. trichopoda. (Nutt. ! mss.) : " slightly pubescent ; stem stout and
erect, branching; leaves subsessile ; leaflets 16-2G pairs, approximated, linear-

344 LEGUMINOS^. Phaca.

oblong, obtuse, slightly petiolulate ; stipules minute, triangular ; racemes ob-
long, spicate, many-flowered ; peduncles much longer than the leaves ; calyx
pubescent with blackish hairs, with very short subulate teeth, at length with-
ering ; legumes eliiptical-ovoid, obtuse at each end, not flattened, glabrous,
raised on a long fililbrra stipe.

" Borders of woods near tlie sea, St. Barbara, California. April. — A robust
plant, about 3 feet high, nearly glabrous when old. Flowers rather small,
ochroleucous. Stipe almost as long as the pod. — Allied to P. alpina, but
with more conspicuous teeth to the calyx, a different pod, &c." Nuttall.

7. P. canescens (Nutt. ! mss.) : "tomentose-canescent ; leaflets 10-15
pairs, small, oval or oblong, obtuse, scarcely petiolulate ; stipules membrana-
ceous, very small, triangular-subulate ; raceme many-flowered, rather loose,
on peduncles twice the length of the leaves ; the flowers nodding; teeth of
the calyx subulate, rather shorter than the tube ; vexillum elongated ; legumes
large, inflated, obtuse, slightly puberulent, raised on a slender stipe.

" With the preceding, but on dry plains. — Scarcely a foot high, with small-
er and less crowded leaflets than P. trichopoda, which it resembles in most
respects: the flowers are larger, the peduncles longer, &c. The flliform
stipe is about twice the length of the calyx." Nuttall.

8. P. frigida (Linn.): erect, nearly glabrous, a little branched; leaflets
4-5 pairs, oblong-ovate, somewhat hairy beneath and on the margins ; sti-
pules large, foliaceous, ovate-oblong, ciliate ; calyx pubescent on the margin;
legumes stipitate, oblong, inflated, membranaceous. Hook. ft. Bor.-Am. 1. p.
.140. P. frigida & alpina, Linn. ^ auct.

fi. Americana (Hook. 1. c): legumes glabrous. — P. frigida, i?ic/iard5.
app. Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. 28.

y.littoralis {Uook. I.e.): calyx and legumes hirsute with black hairs;
stem lower; leaflets canescently pubescent beneath.

/?. Woody regions of the Rocky Mountains, lat. 52^-56', to Slave Lake,
Richardson, nrummond. y. Arctic shores, Mackenzie River, and Behring's
Straits. Hook. — Racemes many-flowered. Stipe of the legume scarcely
longer than the calyx.

t t Flowers purplish or white.

9. P. fZ(?ns?/b/ia (Smith): stem decumbent, branching, glabrous ; leaflets
14-16 pairs, oblong-oval, emarginate,villous-tomentose (as well astherachis)
beneath; peduncles and calyx villous; raceme compact, many-flowered;
legume membranaceous, ovate, very large, inflated, nearly glabrous, reticulat-
ed. Hook. ^ Am.— Smith, in Bees, cycl. j DC. prodr. 2. p. 274; Hook. ^
Am. bot. Beechey, p. 138.

California, Menzies, Beechey.— Flowers nodding, reddish. Peduncles
the length of the leaf. Leaflets obovate. DC— We have never seen this
species.

10. P. neglecta: nearly glabrous; stem erect, branching; leaflets ,5-8
pairs, elliptical, petiolulate, minutely puberulent with appressed hairs beneath ;
stipules triangular-ovate, minute ; peduncles about the length of the leaves;
racemes oblong, many-flowered, at length rather loose ; the flowers (white)
reflexed ; calvx tubular-campanulate, pubescent (as well as the pedicels) with
black hairs, the subulate teeth much shorter than the tube; legume sessile,
glabrous, coriaceo-membranaceous, globose-ovate, pointed, very turgid, flat-
tened on the upper side and deeply grooved by the introflexion of the placent-
al suture.

Gravelly banks of rivers and lakes, throughout the Western part of New-
York from Onondaga Lake to the Falls of Niagara, Mr. Cooper! Dr. J.
Smith! Dr. Sartwell! Dr . Kinnicutt ! Mr. J. Carey! Also Wisconsin,

Phaca. LEGUMINOS^. 345

Mr.Lapham! June-July.— Plant 1-2 foct hi^h, rather slender: stem te-
rete, even. Leaflets about tlirce-lourths of an inch long, obtuse, sonietunes
ema'rginate, beneath a little grayish with a very minute appressed pubescence.
Raceme with 10-20 flowers, nearly the size of those of Astra-^'alus Canadensis,
pure Avhite. Le<Tuine3 about I of an inch in length, somewhat flattened pos-
teriorly ; the dors'il suture slightly introflexed ; the thickened and spongy ven-
tral suture rather deeply, so that the fruit is imperfectly 2-ceiled. Seeds nu-
merous, small.— Greatly resembles Astragalus Canadensis m habit and foli-
age, with which it has often been confounded. A true Phaca; but the pla-
cental suture is introflexed as in Oxytropis.

11. P. astragaHna (DC): minutely hairy or somewhat glabrous ; sicm
short, ascending; leaflets 8-10 pairs, oval, slightly petiolulate, minutely hir-
sute with appressed hairs beneath; stipules ovate, toliaceous, nearly free, the
lower ones scarious ; peduncles at length longer than the leaves; flow^ers
(violet) in a somewhat capitate raceme, spreading; the teeth of the calyx
rather acute, almost as long as the tube ; legumes pendulous, elliptical, infla-
ted, raised on a short stipe, minutely hirsute (as weU as the calyx, pedicels,
&c.) with blackish hairs.— L>C. .' Astrag. p. 52, ^ prodr. 2. p. 274;
Richards. ! app. Frankl.journ. ed. 2. p. 28; Hook.! Ji. Bor.-Am. \.p. 144.
Astragalus alpinus. Linn. ; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 472. A. montanus, Jaccj. Ji.
Austr. t. 131. P. Andina, Nuit. ! mss.

Newfoundland and Labrador to the Rocky Mountains and Kotzebue s
Sound, and throughout Arctic America, Drummond ! Riclundson !
Par^ry ! Also near Montreal, Dr. Holmes! and Uuebec, Mrs. Peraval!
Alpine summits of the Rocky Mountains, near the contines of perpetual
snow (Thornburg's Pass), about lat. 43^, Nuttall ! A native also of the Alps
of Europe, and Siberia.— Plant 3-8 inches high : .the stem often wholly
subterranean. Flowers 6-12: petals deep violet at the summit.— Mr. TNUt-
tall's specimens of P. Andina are in fruit only, and the short stems are
wholly subterranean and clothed with the persistent united scale-like sti-
pules ; but some of our alpine forms of the European P. astragalina are entire-
ly similar.

12. P.elegans (Hook.): nearly glabrous; stem somewhat branching,
erect or assurgent, angled; leaflets 5-7 pairs, oblong, obtuse, cuneate at the
base, glabrous above, clothed with minute appressed hairs beneath ; stipules
ovate, acute, somewhat connate at the base; raceme compact, elongating in
fruit, the peduncles longer than the leaves ; flowers bright and deep purplish
blue ; legumes sessile, eUiptical, inflated, membranaceous, apiculate, velvety
with black hairs, 3-5-seeded. Hook.Ji. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 144.

a. minor (Hook. 1. c.) : stem ascending, smaller; raceme shorter.

Prairies in the Rocky Mountains : /?. on the higher summits, Drummond.
—The plant in the plains is 12-18 inches high; the leaflets nearly an inch
long, somewhat glaucous beneath ; the blackish legumes f of an inch long,
densely hairy. The var. 3. is much smaller, with rounded racemes, more
spreading flowers, and approaches P. astragalina; but the flowers are smaller
and of a deeper color, and the leafxets are narrower. Hook.

13. P.cZe6i7is(Nutt.!mss.): " somewhat pubescent ; stem slender, nearly
simple, decumbent ; leaves on rather long petioles; leaflets 8-11 pairs, cune-
ate-oblong, somewhat truncate or emarginate at the apex, petiolulate, minute-
ly hirsute with appressed hairs beneath; stipules triangular-oblong, acuuii-
nate, slightly adnate to the base of the petiole ; peduncles longer than the
leaves ; flowers (purplish) somewhat capitate; calyx pubescent with grayish
hairs, the subulate teeth about the length of the tube; vexiUmn deeply emar-
ginate ; legume . .

"Plains of the Rocky Mountains, near streams.— A slender species, quite
smooth below\ Leaflets about one-fourth of an inch in length ; those of the

44

S46 LEGUMINOS^. Phaca.

lowest leaves much smaller and glabrous. Flowers (nearly as large as in P.
astragalina) in close 10-15-flowered heads, which at length elongate into
short spikes, pale purple." NiitiaU. — This may perhaps be P. elegans (i.
minor of Hooker ; but that species is said to have the flowers considerably
smaller than those of P. astragalina, and of a far deeper color. The fruit is
unknown.

11. P . Ahoriginoriim {'H.ooV.') : softly canescently pubescent ; stem erect,
somewhat branched, striate ; leaves mostly sessile ; leaflets about 5 pairs, ob-
long-lanceolate or linear, rather obtuse, sessile; stipules ovate, membrana-
ceous, the lowermost united, rather large; peduncles twice the length of the
leaves; racemes oblong, 15-20- flowered (flowers white tinged with blue);
legumes glabrous, obliquely elliptical, inflated, membranaceous, acuie, raised
on a slender stipe about twice the length of the calyx. — Hook. ! fi. Bor.-Am.
I. f). 143, t. 66. Astragalus Aboriginorura, Richards.! app. FrankLjourn.
ed. 2. p. 28.

Lake Winnipeg to the Rocky Mountains, and north to Bear Lake in lat.
66^, Richardson! Z>r?(m?);o?ifZ .'—Root long, yellowish, similar to that of
Glycyrrhiza, from which rise numerous almost simple stems, a foot high,
lieaflets about an inch long, often alternate, rarely somewhat verticillate, vil-
lous-canescent with a close very soft white pubescence. Racemes rather
loose; the pedicels ascending or a little spreading, recurved in fruit. Calyx
and pedicels hirsute with blackish or brownish hairs. Legumes caneseent
when young, at length glabrous ; straight along the upper suture, which is
slightly introflexed, curved along the dorsal suture, pointed. " The Crees and
Stone Indians gather its roots in the spring as an article of food." Rich-
ardson.

15. P. glabriuscula (Hook.) : glabrous or slightly hairy ; stem erect, near-
ly simple, striate ; leaflets 5-6 pairs, linear-lanceolate, rather acute ; stipules
ovate, acute, the lowermost connate, rather large ; legumes (not mature) on
a rather long stipe, lanceolate-falcate, compressed, membranaceous, glabrous.
Hook. ft. Bor.-Aw. 1. p. 144.

Vallies of the Rocky Mountains, Drummond. — "General aspect very simi-
lar to the preceding, of which perhaps it may be a variety ; but it is almost
entirely glabrous, smaUer, the fruit more falcate,"&c. Hook.

16. P. Douglasii: very slightly hairy: stem (erect?) flexuous, angled
and striate; leaflets 10-13 pairs, narrowly elliptical or linear-obloncr, obtuse,
slightly petiolulate, beneath (especially the midrib and margins) minutely
hairy; stipules very small, triangular ; peduncles about as long as the leaves ;
racemes few-(6-10-) and loosely-flowered ; calyx campanulate, the teeth
acute and shorter than the tube; legumes (immature) sessile, ovate, pointed,
membranaceous, inflated, the upper suture a little introflexed.

California, Douglas ! — Upper leaves sessile. Leaflets rather thick and
rigid, J-| of an inch long, about 2 lines broad. Flowers about as large as in
P. Aboriginorum, white? Calyx minutely hirsute Avith whitish hairs. Le-
gume (young) about an inch in length, puberulent with appressed hairs.— We
have not seen the full-grown fruit.

17. P. iongifolia (Nutt. mss.) : canescently puberulent ; stem erect, slen-
der, branching; lower petioles short, pinnately 3-5-foliolate, Avith narrowly
linear leaflets ; the upper ones elongated and filiform, mostly leafless; stipules
lanceolate-subulate, the lowermost united, the upper ones distinct; racemes
on filiform peduncles shorter than the petioles, 7-1 0-flowered ; legumesmfm-
branaceous and much inflated (large, spotted), ovate-globose, stipitate, gla-
brous.—Psoralea longifolia, Pitrsh ! ft. 2. p. 741; DC. prodr. 2. p. 220.
Orobus longifolius, Nuit. gen. 2. p. 95. O.? longifolius, DC. 1. c. p. 4S0;
Torr. ! in ann. lye. New- York, 2. p. ISO.

Fhaca. LEGUiMliNOS^E. 3 17

Sand-hills on the banks'of the Missouri, lirndhury ! Nnttall ; and along
the Platte to the Rocky Mountains, Nnttall, J)r. Jinnex! May. — Roots fili-
form, creepinfT. Leaflets of the lower leaves an inch or more in lenirtli ; the
upper petioles often a span lona;, commonly destitute oClcallets, or somewhat
foliaceous at the apex, occasionally 3-5-foliolate. — Mr. Nultall compares the
leaves to those of Indi^^ofera (ilifolia. He stales the flowers (which do not
exist on our specimens)to be pale red. The mature pods are about an inch
and a hall in li'nf:^th, borne on a short stipe about the lensth of the calyx. On
page 300 of this work, this species has been inadvertently introduced under
the original name of Pursh. The mature fruit was first collected by Ur.
James. The plant is similar in habit to several species of Mr. Nuttall's ge-
nus Homalobus.

• * Legumes coriaceous or cartilaginous.

t Flowers white or purplish.

18. P. pectinala (Hook.) : canescently puberulent or nearly glabrous ; stems
thick, branching, ascending, striate ; leaves subsessile, rigid; leaflets 6-10
pairs, very narrowly linear, rather acute, persistent (not articulated with the ra-
chis) ; stipules triangular-acuminate, partly united opposite the petioles; ra-
cemes aboi'.t 13-flowered, longer than the leaves, on thick peduncles; flowers
large (white), at length recurved ; legumes sessile, ovoid, pointed, turgid,
ihick and cartilaginous, transversely rugose, the upper suture much thicken-
ed .—//ooA:. ! ji. Bar.- Am. 1. j). 142, t. 54.

ft. stem more flexuous ; leaves filiform. Hook. ! I. c.

Pastures of the Saskatchawan, Drunimond ! Douglas ! Also in plains
along streams in the Rocky Mountains, near the sources of the Platte, Nut-
tall! — Stems about a foot hi:;h, naked below, very leafy above, fistulous.
Leaves pectinately divided rather than pinnate: leaflets perfectly continu-
ous with the rachis, "svhich is sometimes forked at the apex instead of bear-
ing a terminal leaflet. Flowers three-fourths of an inch in length. Calyx
cylindraceous ; the teeth very short. Vexillum obovate-oblong, much long-
er than the other petals. Legumes 12-14-seeded.

19. P.Gollina (Hook.): erect or diffuse, hairy ; leaflets 9-11 pairs, nar-
rowly linear, obtuse, attenuate at the base into a short partial petiole ; sti-
pules very small, oblong, acuminate ; peduncles twice the length of the
leaves; racemes oblong, dense, with the flowers retracted; calyx tubular,
densely hirsute ; vexillum about the length of the wings ; legumes (imma-
ture) linear, pubescent, stipitate, deflexcd. Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 141.

On the subalpine range of the Blue Mountains, in dry soils, Douglas.
.Tune-July. — " Stem a foot or more high. Leaflets remote, an inch long, ob-
tuse or retuse. Corolla white, apparently Avith a large purple spot on each
petal. — Remarkable for its narrow linear leaves, for the sudden deflexion of
the flower from the summit of the erect pedicel, for the elongated tube of
the calyx, and for the short vexillum." Hook. — We have not seen this spe-
cies, it perhaps belongs to Mr. Nuttall's genus Homalobus.

20. P. podocarpa (Hook ) : canescent, much branched, diffuse ; stem and
branches striate; leaflets 6-9 pairs, broadly linear, obtuse; stipules ovate,
acuminate, very small ; peduncles longer than the leaves; racemes loose;
legumes oblong, coriaceous, compressed, hirsute with appressed hairs, acumi-
nate, attenuate at the base into a long stipe ; the sutures much thickened,
the upper one straight, the lower arcuate. Hook. I. c. p. 142.

Dry barren and sandy grounds at the Great Falls of the Oregon ; rare
Douglas. June-Aug. — "This stands marked in Mr. Douglas's collection as
a new genus, and there is indeed something remarkable in the appearance
£)f its legumes, compressed as they are, and thickened at the sutures both

348 LEGUMlNOSiE. Phaca.

above and below, and borne upon a slalk as long as themselves. . . . Flowers
middle-sized, white. Leaflets remote, 6-7 lines long, glabrous above. Le-
gume (not mature) about an inch long." Ilook. — Probably a species of Mr.
Nuttall's genus Homalobus.

21. P. e'ongata (Hook.) : stem erect, (sometimes flexuous) angled, pubes-
cent, slightly branched; leaflets 8-10 pairs, oblong-cuneiform, retuse, canes-
cent beneath ; stipules very small, acuminate from a broad base, the lower
ones united ; peduncles much longer than the leaves; racemes elongated,
loose ; calyx silky ; legumes sessile, coriaceous, cylindraceous, curved, acute.
Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 140.

Plains of the Saskatchawan, Richardson.^ Drumwond. — Stems nume-
rous, 12-18 inches high, strict. Leaflets about an inch long, glabrous above,
canescent beneath, the younger ones silky. Peduncles about a span long,
strict, twice or thrice the length of the leaves. Flowers small, white or
ochroleucous, purple on the keel, spreading, at length reflexed. Legume
coriaceo-cartilaginous, hirsute ; the sutures very slightly introflexed. Hook.

n2. P. Jlexiiosa (Hook.): stem decumbent, flexuous, sparingly branched ;
leaflets 6-9 pairs, linear-oblong, obtuse, glabrous above, clothed with appres-
svd hairs beneath ; stipules very small, acuminate from a broad base, the low-
er ones united ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; racemes elongated, loose ;
calyx somewhat silky ; legumes sessile, coriaceous, cylindraceous, straight,
acute. Hook. I. c.

Abundant on elevated and dry fertile soils of the Red and Assinaboin Ri-
vers, lat. 50^, Douglas. " Very similar to the preceding, with which it
should perhaps be united ; but the leaves are smaller and narrower, ' the
flowers purplish and very fragrant,' and the legumes not only smaller, but
straight." Hook.

23. P. parviflora (Nutt. ! mss.) : "canescently pubescent, at length near-
ly glabrous; stem erect; leaflets 5-7 pairs, linear-oblong, obtuse, petiolulate ;
stipules oblong, obtuse, distinct ; the upper ones almost linear; peduncles
much longer than the leaves, the spike oblong; calyx hirsute with black hairs;
flowers dull-purple, the wings about the length of the keel; legumes on a
short stipe, at first hirsute.

" Vallies of the Rocky Mountains. — Nearly allied to P. oroboides & P.
brachytropis; perhaps scarcely distinct from the latter: the flowers about
half the size of those of P. oroboides. Stem about a foot high." Nuttall. —
Calyx thickly hairy with white and black hairs intermixed. We have not
seen the fruit.

24. P. paiiciflora (Nutt. mss.): "nearly glabrous; stem slender, even;
leaves on long petioles ; leaflets 8-10 pairs, lanceolate-linear, acute ; the ra-
chis grooved ; stipules partly united, acute ; peduncles few- (2-3-) flowered,
shorter than the leaves ; legumes very small, roundish-ovate, acuminate.

" Plains of the Rocky Mountains, near streams. — Calyx pubescent with
blackish hairs ; the teeth acute, about the length of the short tube. I have
seen but a single specimen^ and that not in flower." Nuttall.

25. P. parvifalia (Nutt. mss.): small, canescent, somewhat caespitosej
■stem very short ; leaves on long petioles; leaflets 5-8 pairs (very small), lan-
ceolate-linear, mostly acute; the rachis flattened and slightly Avinged ; pe-
duncles slender, longer than the leaves; racemes short, few- (5-7-) flowered;
■calyx short, pubescent with blackish hairs, the teeth acute, a little shorter than
the tube ; legumes pubescent, sessile, terete and somewhat boat-shaped, acute.

" Rocky Mountains towards the sources of the Platte. — A small and slen-
der canescent species, with purple flowers. Lower stipules united ; the upper
ones smaller, triangular-ensiform." Nuttall. — We have seen no specimens
of this or the preceding species.

Phaca. LEGUMlNOSiT:. 349

26. P. hisidcata (Hook.): minutely pubescent; stem stout, striate, as-
cendin<T or erect ; leaves nearly sessile ; leaflets 11-13 pairs, elli])tical, some-
what petiolulate, clothed beneath -with minute appressed hairs ; stitiules ovate-
lanceolate, acute, distinct; racemes pedunculate, spicate. closely-tiowered,
much elonajated ; the flowers nodding (purj)le) ; legumes linear, nearly cy-
lindrical, stipitate, at length glabrous, nodding, with a deep furrow on each
side of the superior suture. — Ilonk. f. JJar.-Am. 1. p. 145.

Plains of the Saskatchawan, DnnnmomI ; and near the northern sources
of the Platte, Nnitull ! — A large and showy species: the stem 1-3 feet high,
scarcely branched ; the racemes, including the peduncle, at length G-10 inch-
es long ; with large, crowded, rich purple flowers. Legumes nearly an inch
long, somewhat terete, narrow, between membranaceous and cartilaginous, on
a stipe about the length of the calyx, 5-6-seeded, with 2 deep furrows on the
upper side, one each side of the suture, which is not at all introflcxed.

+ t Flowers ochroleucous.

27. P. viUosa (Nutt.) : very hirsute ; stem short, procumbent ; leaves sub-
sessUe ; leaflets 4-8 pairs, rather distant, oval, oblong, or obovate, petiolulate,
nearly glabrous above ; stipules lanceolate, foliaceous ; racemes somewhat
capitate, 8-20-flowered, on peduncles shorter or sometimes a little longer
than the leaves ; segments of the calyx linear-subulate, longer than the tube;
legumes very densely villous with white hairs, sessile, inflated, oblong, acute,
subtriangular, arcuate. — Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 97 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 220; DC. prodr.
2. p. 274. Astragalus villosus, Mich.r. ! fi. 2. p. 67 ; Pur.^h,Jl. 2. p. 473.

Dry sandy soils and pine forests, S. Carolina ! to Florida ! and on the
Missouri to near its sources, Nuttall. April-May.— Plant 4-6 inches high;
the ascending stems short or sometimes almost none. Leaflets 3-4 lines
long, sometimes emarginate. Head of flowers close, on a long peduncle
which sometimes exceeds the leaves: bracts lanceolate-subulate, somewhat
persistent. Legumes rather erect, 8-lU lines long, 10-14-seeded, the lower
suture a little introflcxed.

28. P. loti flora (Hook.): canescenlly hairy ; stems numerous from one root,
very short, diffuse; leaves on rather long petioles; leaflets 4-6 pairs, rather
distant, oblong, obtuse, sessile, at length almost glabrous above ; stipules
ovate, acuminate ; raceme capitate, 3-9-flowered, on peduncles shorter or
sometimes longer than the leaves (flowers smafl) ; teeth of the calyx subulate,
longer than the tube and somewhat shorter than the petals; legumes canes-
cent, sessile, semi-ovate, pointed. — Astragalus ? (an Phaca ?)lotiflorus, Hook,
fl. Bar:- Am. 1. p. 153.

On the Saskatchawan, Drummond ; and Rocky Mountains, Nuttall! —
Plant 3-4 inches high : stems short or almost none, crowded. Bracts subu-
late, persistent. Flowers about half the si/e of those of P. villosa, to which
it is aUied, as remarked by Hooker. — Mr. Nuttall, having obtained specimens
in fruit, has confirmed Hooker's opinion that the plant belongs to this genus.
The legumes are about half an inch in length, turgid, straight along the up-
per suture, the lower much curved.

29. P. pygmcBa (Nutt. ! mss.) : " silvery-canescent, nearly stemless ;
leaves on rather long petioles ; leaflets 3-5 pairs, broadly oval or obovate, ses-
sile ; peduncles about the length of the leaves, few-flowered ; calyx tubular,
clothed with appressed white and black hairs intermixed, the teeth very short
and acute ; legumes (large) puberulent, sessile, ovate-oblong, terete, some-
what arcuate, pointed ; seeds rugosely punctate.

" Rocky Mountains, on the hills of ' Ham's Fork ' of the Colorado of the
West. — Plant 2-3 inches high: root thick, somewhat fusiform. Leaves 1-2
inches long : leaflets small. Legumes very large for the size of the plant,

350 LEGXJMlNOSiE. Homalobus.

1-1 i inch long, thick and coriaceous, somewhat spongy externally and rni-
nutely rugose-reticulated. — Allied to P. lotiflora : a very distinct and peculiar
species." Nuttall.

30. P. molliftsimo, CNvitt.l mss.): "very -woolly, cfpspitose, nearly stem-
less ; caudex thick, branching above; leaves petiolate; leaflets 4-6 pairs, cu-
neate-oblong, obtuse or acutish, sessile ; stipules oblong, membranaceous,
distinct; peduncles shorter than the leaves, few- (5-6-) flowered ; calyx tubu-
lar, the subulate teeth much shorter than the tube ; legumes extremely woolly,
sessile, ovate, pointed, incurved.

" Plains of the Rocky Mountains, and on the hills of ' Ham's Fork ' of the
Colorado of the West. May. — A very remarkable species, on account of its
dense woolly vesture : the rather large pods appear like a mass of fine yellow-
ish-white wool. The flowers are narrow (nearly an inch long), and ochro-
leucous, with a purplish spot on the tip of the keel. The calyx is about two-
thirds the length of the petals, with a few black hairs intermixed." Nuttall.

31. P. siinplicifolia (Nutt. ! mss.): "dwarf, very densely ca^spitose. sil-
very-canescent, stemless ; caudex much branched above ; leaves crowded in
dense tufts, simple, linear or lanceolate, usually involute, acute ; scapes 1-2-
flowered. scarcely exserted ; calyx somewhat tubular; the teeth acute, short-
er than the tube ; legumes glabrous, coriaceous, sessile, somewhat triquetrous,
pointed, scarcely longer than the calyx.

" Summits of high hills of the Rocky Mountain range, towards the sources
of the Platte. — A very singular alpine species, forming dense tufts sometimes
a span or two broad, not rising more than an inch or two from the ground.
Leaves almost subulate. Stipules very thin and membranous, hairy. Calyx
at lentTth nearly glabrous. Flowers ochroleucous : vexillum oblong, reflexed ;
the tip of the keel purplish. Legume small, with a rigid point." Nuttall. —
This plant has the habit of several species of Mr. Nuttall's genus Homalo-
bus. We have not seen the fruit. The leaves, which are very densely ag-
gregated, are probably jyhT/llodia^ or perhaps sessile leaflets.

36. HOMALOBUS. Nutt. mss.

" Calyx 5-toothed. Keel obtuse. Style short, recurved. Legume linear or
oblong much compressed, several-seeded; the sutures neither introflexed nor
tumid: funiculi very long. — Perennial herbs with the aspect of Phaca, and
nearly the legumes of Vicia. Leaves unequally pinnate, sometunes reduced
10 a single leaflet. Racemes axillary or radical."

^ " The species are all more or less alpine, and chiefly natives of the central table-
land or high hills of the Rocky Mountain chain." Mutt.

* CauTesccnl : leaves pinnate with numerous leaflets, turning blackish in drying, not
ricid : racemes usually in pairs: legmnes membranaceous, more or less stipitate.
■ — Ervoidex.

1. H. dispar (^utL\ mss.): "decumbent, puberulent ; stem somewhat
striate nearly glabrous; leaves almost sessile; leaflets 6-10 pairs, linear-ob-
long obtuse ; stipules short, ovate, the lower ones united ; racemes many-
flowered, loose, almost sessile, scarcely longer than the leaves, often 2-3 to-
<Tether; bracts minute, shorter than the pedicels: legumes elliptical-oblong,
obtuse flat, somewhat stipitate, the stipe shorter than the calyx. Orobus
dispar,' Nutt. gen. 2. ]). 95. O. ? dispar, DC. prodr. 2. p. 3S0.

" Dry hills around Fort Mandau, Missouri, and on the Platte, to near the

HoMALORiifl. LEGUMIN'OS.E. Hal

Rocky Moiiiitaius, Xutlall! June. — A spreadinj^ docunibont plant, with nu-
merous ocliroleucous flowers. Legumes glabrous, 4-8-seeded." Nuttall.

2. H. mullijiorus : "nearly erect, pubescent with appressed hairs or at
length nearly glabrous; stem slightly striate ; leaflets 6-10 pairs, oblon"' or
linear-oblong, obtuse; stipules small, ovate, the lower ones united; racemes
usually solitary, pedunculate, many- flowered, loose, at length longer than the
leaves; bracts very minute, shorter than the pedicels ; legumes linear-oblono-
acute, flat, stipitate, the stipe longer than the calyx." Null. — H. nigrescens
Nutt. ! msa. Phaca nigrescens, Jlouk. ! ft. Bur'.-Ain. [.p. 143. Ervum raul-
tiflorum, Pursh! ft. 2. p. 7S9. Astragalus tenellus, Ptcrsh, ft. 2. p. 473
(l)artly), fide Pursh, I. <:.

Missouri, Lewis, Bradbury! (ex Purah.) On the Sa.skatchawan and
north to Kort Franklin on the Mackenzie River, lat. 65, Richardson
prrtmmond! With the preceding species, Nuttall! Legumes about ari
hich long, nodding, blackish, glabrous. Racemes sometimes in parrs. " Cor-
olla ochroleucous; the keel tipped with dull purple." Nutt. — Very near the
preceding species, from which we are unable clearly to distinguish it, except
by the shape of the pods and the length of the stipe. Accordmg to Nuttall
this species has smaller flowers and narrower leaflets; but this is not the case
■with some of our specimens from Hooker. Mr. Nuttall refers Ervum multi-
florum, Pursh to his H. dispar; but a fragment of Bradbury's specimen in
our possession proves it to belong rather to the present species : probablv the
two species may have been confounded, as they are said to grow together.

♦♦ Caulescent, rigid, minutely cancsccnt, branching plants : leajlets linear or subulate
ofte.nfew or wanling : petioles persistent, and sometimes dilated: legumes sessile.
{Habit of Phaca longifolia .) — Genisloideac.

3. //. campp.stris (Nutt. ! mss.) : "nearly erect, stout, with rigid rush-like
branches ; peiioles semicylindrical, somewhatdilated towards theextremitv -
the lower ones bearing 3-5 pairs of rigid linear-subulate leaflets ; the upper-
ones 3-foliolate or simple ; stipules triangular-subulate ; the uppermost short •
racemes 5-10-flowered, loose ; calyx hirsute with black hairs, with short sub-
ulate teeth ; legumes pubescent, long and straight, compressed.

" Sandy plains of the Colorado of the West, near the sources of the Platte.
— About a foot high. Flowers ochroleucous, slightly tinged with purple'
[about as large as in Vicia Cracca] : bracts shorter than the pedicels. Le-
gumes about an inch in length. The petioles are dilated at the extremity into
a very long linear-subulate leaflet, as in Phaca longifolia." Nultall.

4. H.ju7iceus (Nutt. \ mss.): " erect, slender, milch branched ; radical pe-
tioles bearing 1-2 pairs of minute leaflets, the cauline ones filiform and leaf-
less; stipules broadly triangular, minute ; peduncles very long, the flowers few
and remote ; bracts scarcely any ; teeth of the calyx very short and obtuse j
legumes long, linear, straight, piiberulent.

"With the precedinsr, and in sandy places in the Rocky Mountain ran^^e
towards the Oregon. — Smaller and much more slender than the preceding.
Legumes an inch long, narrow, many-seeded." Nullall.

5. H. ortJwcarpu.<i (Nutt. \ mss.): "decumbent, slender, flexuous, much
branched from below; lower leaves with 1-2 pairs of long narrowly linear
and very acute leaflets ; upper leaves simple, sessile, similar to the lower
leaflets; stipules minute, dilated ; pepuncles longer than the leaves, few-flow-
ered ; teeth of the calyx very short, acute ; legumes oblong-linear, nearly-
straight, coriaceous, somewhat puberulent, torulose, 6-8-seeded.

" With the preceding.— Flowers ochroleucous tinged with dull purple.
Pedicels rather long: bracts minute.— -A very rush-like plant, with divaricate

352 LEGUMINOSiE. Homaloeu?.

naked branches." — NiUtaU. The legume in our imperfect specimen appears
to have been somewhat arcuate. Flowers the size of those of H. cam-
pestris.

6. //. decumbrns (Nutt. ! mss.) : much branched from the base, diffuse, or
decumbent, slender ; leaflets 3-5 pairs, mostly very small, narroAvly lanceo-
late-linear, on long often slightly dilated petioles; stipules subulate, thelower
ones partly united; peduncles very long; racemes loose, 5-10-flowered; le-
gumes flat, linear, elongated, falcate, somewhat puberulent.

" Sandy plains of the Colorado of the West, near the sources of the Platte.
— Flowers smaller than in the foregoing species, ochroleucous, the keel tip-
ped with dull purple. Legumes yellowish-white, more than an inch long,
many-seeded. A low, slender species." Nuttall.

7. H. tenuifolhis (Nutt. ! mss.) : "low, branched from the base,somewliat
csespitose; leaflets 3-6 pairs, very small, subulate, on a narrow channelled
rachis; stipules triangular-acuminate, the lowermost broader and membrana-
ceous ; peduncles very long, 5-S-flowered ; teeth of the calyx short and acute ;
legumes short and flat, linear-elliptical, straight, somewhat puberulent.

"Hills of the Rocky Mountains. — Plant 3-4 inches high. Leaflets about
3 lines long, pungent, often falcate. Bracts very minute. Flowers small,
ochroleucous tinged with purple." NultaU. — Smaller than the preceding spe-
cies, with a shorter and straight legume.

* * * Slemlcss, caspitnse, dvmrf, silvery-canesccnt plants : leaves simple (pkyllodia),
or sometivies 3-5-foliolate, clustered : stipules scarwus, connate, imbricated : ra-
cemes on slender scapes : legumes sessile, at length resiipinate. — Drabellaj.

8. H. ccespitosus (Nutt. ! mss.) : "leaves simple, or pinnately 3-5-foliolatc ;
linear- lanceolate or oblanceolate, narrow, acute, tapering below; racemes
loose; bracts lanceolaie-subulate, about the length of the pedicels in fruit;
teeth of the calyx subulate, about the length of the tube ; legumes oblong-lan-
ceolate, acuminate, fiat, very slightly curved, at length glabrous, about 12-
ovuled.

"Dry and lofty hills of the Platte towards the Rocky Mountains, in barren
gravelly places. June. — Plant 3-4 inches high. Leaves in close tufts, an
inch or more in length. Flowers purple, small. Legumes 4-5 lines long [the
upper edge thin, somewhat turgid towards the dorsal suture], pubescent
when young." Nuttall. — Bracts (as also in the following species) somewhat
scarious or membranaceous.

9. H. brachycarpus (Nutt. ! mss.): "leaves simple, rarely 3-foliolate, lan-
ceolate-linear, acute, tapering below ; racemes loose ; bracts subulate, nearly
as long as the calyx ; teeth of the calyx setaceous-subulate, as long as the
tube ; legumes oblong-eUiptical, with an abrupt short point, flat, straight, at
length almost glabrous, about 8-ovuled.

" With the preceding to which it is closely allied ; but a smaller plant,
with a shorter nearly straight legume. Flowers small, purple." Nuttall. — Le-
gumes (immature) about 3 lines long.

10. H. canescens (Nutt. ! mss.) : " leaves simple, lanceolate, pungent, taper-
ing below into slender petioles ; racemes subcapitate, at length rather loose;
flowers larger; bracts subulate, nearly the length of the calyx; teeth of the
calyx subulate, about as long as the tube ; legumes linear, flat, abruptly point-
ed, somewhat curved, puberulent, about 12-ovuled.

" On the high chalky hills of the Platte towards the Rocky Mountains. — Plant
2-4 inches high. Leaves broader than in the preceding species, which it
greatly resembles ; the flowers much larger, bright purple : vexillum emargi-
nate." Nuttall.

ZoRNiA. LEGUMINOS.'E. 353

37. KENTROPHYTA. NiUt. mss.

"Calyx campanulate, deeply o-cleft; the segments nearly equal: vexillura
oblong, reflexed : keel-petals obtuse, cohering along the back, shorter than the
wings. Ovary with 3-4 ovules. Legume partly included in the calyx, ovate,
1-celled, coriacco-membranaceous, 1-2-seeded. — Perennial dwarf and ca^spi-
tose canescenlly pubescent herbs, diffusely branched. Stipules more or less
cohering with each other. Leaves pinnately 3-7-foliolate : leaflets linear, in-
articulated and persistent, rigid, and spiny at the tip. Flowers small, ochro-
leucous, axillary, 2-3 together, subsessile."

1. K. montana (Nutt. ! mss.) : " stipules scarious, cohering about half their
length ; calyx pubescent with dark and white hairs.

0. "more densely leafly, Avith smaller leaflets.

"Hills of the Platte, in naked places. — Stems intricately branched and
forming circular mats. Leaves very numerous; leaflets nearly half an inch
lung and less than a line wide (in 0. only 3-4 lines long), almost subulate,
when old rigidly divaricate, as in Ulex Europffius. Stipules spiny at the tip
like the leaves. Flowers almost sessile, about 3 lines long. Keel broad, tip-
ped with purple : wings oblong, about one-third longer than the keel : vexil-
lum Avith the limb reflexed almost at right angles to the short claw. Stamens
diadelphous. Legume pubescent, projecting a little beyond the calyx, dehis-
cent, compressed. Seed mostly solitary, nearly the size of the legume, dark
brown." Nuttall.

2. K. viridiii (Nutt. ! mss.) : stipules herbaceous, distinct nearly to the
base ; hairs of the calyx all white.

" With the preceding, which it greatly resembles ; but a larger plant and
less canescent." Nuttall.

Tribe VL HEDYSARE.E. DC.

Corolla papilionaceous. Stamens either monadelphous or diadel-
phous (9 & I, or 5 & 5), rarely distinct : anthers sometimes of 2 forms.
Legume (loment) transversely divided into several indehiscent 1 -seeded
joints, occasionally reduced to a single 1-sceded cell. Embryo incurv-
ed or sometimes straight. — Erect or procumbent herbs or shrubs.
Leaves abruptly or unequally pinnate or pinnately 2-3-foJiolate, or
rarely palnjately 2-5.foliolate, occasionally reduced to a single leaflet,
sometimes stipellate. Lnflorescencc axillary or terminal, racemose,
spicate, or umbellate.

38. ZORNIA. Gmel. ; Michx. fl. 2. p. 76 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 316.

Calyx campanulate, bilabiate; upper lip obtuse, emarginate ; the lower 3-
cleft. Corolla inserted into the bottom of the calyx : vexiUum orbicular, the
sides revolute : keel-petals lunulate, cohering at the back. Stamens mona-
delphous, alternately shorter ; anthers alternately oblong and globose. Le-
gume compressed, 2-5-jointed ; the joints roundish, usually hispid. — Herba-
ceous and mostly annual plants. Leaves petioled, palmately 2-4-foliolate.
Stipules sagittate; lower ones lanceolate; the upper ones larger, supplying
the place of bracts. Flowers sessile, yellow, each with 2 bracteiform sti-
pules at the base.

45

354 LEGUMINOS^. Stylosanthes.

1. Z. tetraphyUa (Michx.) : perennial ; leaflets 4, oblong or lanceolate ;
bracts glabrous, as long as the legumes, 5-nervcd; kgumcs aculeate with re-
tror.sely scabrous prickles. — Michx.! fi. 2. p. 76; Pnrsh, fl. 2. p. 484; Ell.
sk. 2. p. 219; DC. prodr.2. p. 317. Z. bracteata, Gmel. syst. ;p. 1096.
Anonyuios bracteata, Walt. Car. p. 181. Hedysarum tetraphyllum, haw,,
diet. 2. p. 405, not of Thunb.

Dry sandy soils. North Carolina! to Florida! and west to Texas ! June-
Aug. — "Root somewhat cylindrical and tuberous." Ell. Stems prostrate
and diffuse, 1-2 feet long. Leaflets 6-10 lines long, acute at each end;
those of the lowest leaves sometimes obovate. Racemes axillary, much
longer than the leaves, 5-9-flowered, the fioAvers distant. Bracts broadly-
ovate, nearly covering the flowers. Calyx much smaller than the corolla,
ciliate; upper lip strongly emarginate ; the lower with 3 acute teeth. Vexil-
lum reniform : wings broadly obovate, as long as the vexilium : keel-petals
cohering at the back, rather acute, somewhat longer than the wings. Le-
gume about i' of an inch long, 2-4-jointed. Seeds oval, hght brown. Co-
tyledons flattish. Radicle curved.

39. STYLOSANTHES. Swartz ; Lam.ill. t. 627; DC.j)rodr. 2.^.317.

Flowers of two kinds intermixed ; the one kind complete but sterile ; the
other achlamydeous and fertile. Sterile Fl. Calyx somcAvhat bilabiate,
with 2 bracteoles at the base ; the tube very long and slender; upper lip 2-
cleft, the segments obtuse ; lower lip with 3 acute segments. Corolla insert-
ed in the throat of the calyx : vexilium very broad : keel cymbiform, small,
entire at the apex. Stamens monadelphous: anthers alternately linear and
ovate. Ovary sessile, with 2-3 ovules, always sterile : style filiform, very
long: stigma capitate, minute, glabrous. — Fertile fl. consisting of a ses-
sile ovary between 2 bracteoles, with 1-2 ovules : style short and recurved.
Legume l-2jointed; the upper joint acuminate and uncinate with the per-
sistent style ; the lower usually abortive. , Seeds ovate. Embryo curved or
sometimes nearly straight. — Small herbaceous or suffruticose plants. Stems
branched. Leaves pinnately trifoliolate. Stipules adnate to the petiole.
Spikes terminal, imbricated with stipules and bracts.

Mr. Bentham, in apaper on the affinities of Arachis, rend before the Linnrean
Society in May, 1838, gives an account of the two kinds of flowers in Stylosainhes,
and shows its affinity to Arachis, which he considers a genuine Hedysarea.

1. S. elatior (Swartz): herbaceous; stem erect or procumbent, pubes-
cent on one side ; leaflets lanceolate, glabrous ; spikes few-flowered ; bracts
and uppermost leaflets lanceolate, spinulose-ciUate; legume 2-joinled, the
lower joint sterile and stipiliform. — S^cai^tz, in act. Holm- 1789, i. 11, f. 2,
ex DC. prodr. 2. p. 318; Willd. sp. 3. p. 1167; Nutt. gen. 2. p. 106; Ell.
sk. 2. p. 203. S. hispida, Michx..' Ji. 2. p. 75, not ot Richard. Arachis
aprica, Walt. Car. p. 182. Trifolium biflorum,Z/»??2.

fi.hispidissima{M\c]\yi.\ i.e.): stem hispid ; leaflets spinulose-ciliate.

Dry sandy soils, particularly in pine barrens. Long Island! to Florida!
west to Arkansas ! p. Carolina, Michavx ! Alabama, Dr. Gates ! June-
Aug. — Stems 6-12 inches long, ca;spitosc, Avith a broad pubescent line on
one side. Leaves on short petioles : leaflets about one inch long, acute at
each end, mucronate, the veins beneath very prominent : upper leaves often
1-foliolate. Spikes 2-4-flowered, one or two oi the lowest floAvers destitute cf
calyx, corolla and stamens. Ovary attenuated at the base, 2-ovuled. Le-

iEscHYNOMENE. LEGUMINOS/li:. 355

gume obovate or roundisFi, the lower joint abortive. Sterile flowers furnish-
ed (as well as the lertile ones) with 2 lanceolate plumose bracteoles. Calyx
ciliate, much shorter than the corolla ; the tube glabrous. Corolla orange-
yellow : vexilhun twice as long as the other petals, retuse; wings obovale,
with a small tooth at the base of the limb : keel somewhat falcate, truncate
at the apex. Ovary at the bottom of the slender calyx-tube and falling off
with it.

40. CHAPMANNIA.

Flowers of two kinds? Sterile fl. Calyx with 2 bracteoles at the base ;
the tube very long and slender, the corolla inserted on its throat; limb5-tooth-
ed, the lowest tooth longest and remote from the others. Vexillum round-
ish: keel cymbiforin, nearly as long as the vexillum, bifid at the summit.
Stamens monadelphous, alternately longer ; anthers all oblong and similar.
Ovary sessile, with 2-3 ovules, always sterile : style filiform, very^ long : stig-
ma capitate, minute, glabrous. Fertile fl. not seen. — Herbaceous. Stems
branched. Leaves unequally pinnate. Stipules small, free. Racemes ter-
minal, nearly naked. Flowers small, yellow.

We dedicate this interesting genus to our friend Dr. A. W. Chapman, an accurate
and indefatigable botanist, wlio has largely contributed to our knowledge of the
plants of Middle Florida. Although we have not seen the fertile flowers or truit,
there can be little doubt of its near affinity to Stylosanthes on the one hand and to
Arachis on the other.

C. Floridana.

Tampa Bay, East ¥\onAa, Dr. Burrows ! Dr. Leavenworth! May.—
Stem 2-3 feet long, erect or somewhat assur^ent, sulcate, hirsute and viscid,
particularly above. Leaflets 2-3 pairs, elliptical, oblong, mostly retuse, 8-14
lines long, nearly glabrous above, hairy, minutely scaly and of a light purplish
color beneath. Stipules very small, subulate, membranaceous. Racemes
few-flowered, somewhat paniculate. Flowers rather larger than in Stylo-
santhes elatior, each with a small broadly ovate bract and 2 minute lanceo-
late bracteoles at the base. Calyx hispid; the tubular base resembling a
slender pedicel. Petals nearly equal in length, the claws short : wings ob-
long, scarcely toothed at the base: keel-petals cohering at the back except
near the summit. Filaments monadelphous below, distinct above: anthers
large. Ovary oblong: style nearly straight, cxserted.

41. .ESCHYNOMENE. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 629; DC. prodr. 2.p. 320}
W. ^ Am. prodr. Ind. Or. 1. j3. 218.

Calyx with 2 ovate deciduous bracteoles at the base, bilabiate ; the upper
lip bifid or 2-toothed ; the lower trifid or 3-toothed. Corolla inserted into the
bottom of the calyx: vexillum roundish: wings oblong: keel cymbiform, 2-
parted at the base. Stamens equally diadelphous (5 & 5). Legume com-
pressed, straight, exserted, composed of many (rarely few) 1-seeded joints
which are usually square at both ends and easily separated from each other.
Seeds compressed. — Herbaceous or shrubby plants. Leaves unequally pin-
nate, usually with numerous leaflets. Stipules semisagittate. Racemes ax-
illary. Flowers often yellow.

35G LEGUMINOSiE. Hedysarum.

1. A. hispida ( Willd.) : stem herbaceous, erect, and f with the petioles and
legumes) somewhat hispid and roughened with prickly tubercles ; leaflets
many (20-i!5) pairs, linear, obtuse; stipules ovate; racemes 3-5-flowered;
legume distinctly stipitate, 6-10-jointed, slightly sinuate along the lower mar-
gin.—JFt//d syj. 3. p. 1163; Parsh, Ji. 2. p. 4S5 ; Nutt. gen. 2. j). Ill;
£11 sk. 2. p. 220; Bart. fl. Am. S&pt. 1. p. 102, t. 29; DC. prodr. 2. p.
485. Hedysarum Virginicum, Linn.

Marshy places, along rivers, Pennsylvania ! to West Florida ! not found
west of the Alleghany Mountains. Aug.— (T) Stem 2-3 leet high. Leal-
lets 5-10 lines long, glabrous, with extremely minute pellucid punctures.
Stipules acuminate. Racemes simple, usually bearing a leaf. Calyx une-
qually bilabiate; upper lip longer, bifid; lower 3-cleft. Corolla yellow tmged
with red externally : vexillum emarginate : wings denticulate, scarcely tooth-
ed at the base: keel falcate. Anthers oblong. Ovary very hispid. Le-
gume li-2i inches long and nearly 3 lines wide, often nauch constricted be-
tween one or two of the joints.

2. M.I viscidul a (M'lchyi.) : stem herbaceous, prostrate, viscidly pubescent,
slender ; leaflets 3-4 pairs, obovate, somewhat hairy beneath ; stipules 5-
nerved, oblique ; peduncles usually 2-flowercd ; bracts resembling the sti-
pules ; legume hispid, 2-3-jointed, deeply constricted on the lower suture
between the roundish joints.— Mc/i.r..'}?. 2. p. 74; Nutt. gen. 2.p. 141; Ell.
sk. 2. p. 220; DC. prodr. 2. p. 323. M. prostrata, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 76.
(fide DC.) ^

Sandy soils, South Carolina to East Florida!— 'T) Stem 1-2 feet long,
branched, diffuse. Leaflets commonly 3 pairs, 4-6 lines long, often retuse,
slightly mucronate, glabrous above. Stipules and bracts prominently nerved.
Raceme longer than the leaves. Upper lip of the calyx 2-cleft ; the segments
obtuse; lower lip almost equally 3-cleft. Flowers scarcely one-third as large
as in the preceding species, yellow, on pedicels about 2 lines long : vexillum
roundish, emarginate : wings obovate-oblong : keel narrow, falcate. Anthers
oblong. Ovary hispid. Legume about | of an inch long, hispid with rigid
hairs which are glandular at the base, constricted between the joints almost
to the superior suture.— Differs from the genuine species of iEschynomene in
the 5-cleft and scarcely bilabiate calyx, the deeply sinuate legume, the lance-
olate .stipules, vfcc. It will form, with a few South American species, a sepa-
rate section, or perhaps a distinct genus, as suggested by Kunth.

42. HEDYSARUM. Z/inn. (partly) ; DC. mem.Leg.,<^ prodr.2. p. 340.

Calyx 5-cleft'; the segments linear-subulate, nearly equal. Vexillum large :
keel obliquely truncate : wings much shorter than the keel. Stamens dia-
delphous (9 & 1), and with the style abruptly bent inward toward the sum-
mit. Legume composed of several compressed 1-seeded orbicular or lenti-
cular joints, which are connected with each other by the middle. Herbaceous
or suffrutescent plants ; perennial. Leaves unequally pinnate, exstipellate.
Racemes spicate, on simple axillary or terminal peduncles. Flowers rather
large, purple, white, or ochroleucous.

The North American species are all more or less alpine, and belong to the section
Leiolobium, DC. : the joints of the legume not cchinate or villous.

1. H. boreale (Nutt.) : stem erect, strict, a little decumbent at the base ;
leaves subsessile ; leaflets 8-12 pairs, oblong, minutely hairy beneath ; stipules
united, sheathing, with subulate points; racemes elongated, on long peduncles;
the flowers very numerous, rather secund, and somewhat imbricately reflexed ;
Seeth of the calyx short, unequal ; vexillum and wings shorter than the keel ;

Desmodicm. LEGUMINOSiE. 357

joints of the legume 3-4, nearlv orl)icular. f^labrous or pubcrulent, comprossecl,
ru^ose-reticulatfd. Null.! ^eii. 2. p. 110. <^ in join: (icacl. PliUtid. 7.
1). 19, (excl. syn.) ; DC. prodr. 2. p. Hi3 ; J/ook. ! jl. lior.-Aw. 1. p. 155. H.
alpinum, Mich.c! Jl. 2. p. 7-i; Jficlutnl.'i.! up]). FruiikLjouin. ed. 2. p.
23, not of Linn. 11. alpinum ft. Anu'iicanuui, Pursh. ti. 2. p. 481.

Northern Canada, Michaa.v! (and near cataracts in the Allejjliany Moun-
tains, ex Michx.) to the Arctic Circle, Richard.wn ! Kotzebue's Sound,
Bepcheif ; and the Roclcy Mountains in lat. 54 , Druinmond. Also in dry
barren gTouiids on the Missouri around Fort Mandan, Niitlall, and near the
sources of that River, yi//-. Wyfth! June-July. — Stem rather stout, striate,
minutely pubescent, at leniTth nearly glabrous, C-12 inches high. Flowers
large and showy, bright violet-purple. Teeth of the calyx shorter tiian the
tube, triangular-subulate ; the 2 upper cues shortest. — Certainly very distinct
from H. alpinum of Siberia.

2. H. .l/rtc/c^Hc;// (Richards.) : stem somewhat decumbent; leaves petiol-
ed ; leallets about 5 pairs, oblong, canescently hairy on both sides ; stipules
partly united, sheathing, with long subulate j)oints ; racemes short, on pedun-
cles about the length of the leaves; flowers (large) 7-10, somewhat spread-
ing; teeth of the calyx narrowly subulate, longer than the tube; vcxillum and
wings almost as long as the keel ; joints of the legume transversely rugose,
pubescent. — Richards. .' app. Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. 28 ; Hook. I. c.

ft. upper surface of the leaflets and ovary glabrous. Hook. ! I. c.

Barren grounds, Saskatchawan, north to the Arctic Sea and west to the
mountains, Richarson ! Drumviond. — Flowers larger and brighter colored
than in the preceding species, or perhaps than any other of the genus. — Ac-
cording to Richardson, this plant is the Liquorice mentioned by Mackenzie
in his Voyage to the Arctic Sea.

3. H. canescens (Nutt. ! mss.) : " stems numerous from the same root,
erect or decumbent, minutely canescent ; leaves on short petioles; leaflets 4-b
pairs, narrowly oblong or cuncate-oblong, canescent; stipules very small,
sheathing, with subulate points; racemes short; the peduncles longer than
the leaves ; wings much shorter than the keel ; joints of the legume 3-4,
oval-orbicular, nearly glabrous, transversely rugose-reticulated."

"Plains of the Rocky Mountains, particularly near Lewis's River. — Plant
1-2 feet high : stems decumbent at the base, stout, branching." Nuttall. —
Racemes at length elongated. Flowers somewhat spreading (reHexed in
fruit), about the size of those of H. boreale. Teeth of the calyx narrowly-
subulate, rather longer than the tube. — Intermediate in some respects be-
tween the two preceding species.

43. DESMODIUM. DC. mem. Leg., ^ prodr. 2. p. 325 ; W. ^ Arn»
prodr. Ind. Or. 1. p. 223.

Species of Hedysarum, Linn. — Desmodium & Iledysarum, Dcsv., Kunth.

Calyx with 2 bracteoles at the base, bilabiate (rarely almost entire) ; upper
lip 2-cleft or bidentate ; the lower 3-parted or 3-toothed. Corolla inserted in-
to the base of the calyx : vexillum roundish: keel obtuse, but not truncate.
Stamens diadelphous (9 & 1), or monadelphous from the base to the middle
and diadelphous above (rarely perfectly monadelphous) : filaments somewhat
persistent. Style filifoim : stigma capitate. Legume (loment) compressed,
composed of several 1-seeded joints, which at length separate. — Herbaceous
or sufTruticose plants. Leaves pinnately trifoliolate (or sometimes reduced
to a single leaflet) ; the lateral leaflets 1-stipcllate, the terminal one 2-stipel-

358 LEGUMINOS^. Desmodium.

late. Flowers in axillary or terminal racemes, which are often paniculate,
small, purplish, often turning green in withering.

The North American species are all herbaceous perennials, belonging to the sec-
tion Chalarium, DC, and to the suljdivision TrifnLiali. They have been assidu-
ously studied by our excellent friend Dr. Boott, of London, and compared with ori-
ginal specimens in the herbaria of Linnajus, Clayton, Banks, Michaux, &c. Most
of our own specimens have been examined by Dr. Booit, who has kindly furnished
us with his remarks ; but he by no means considers the synonymy as satisfactorily
determined. Accordins^to Mr. Nutiall, not a single species of Desmodium occurs
west of the River Platte,

§ 1. Slamens wholly or partly monad elpTious : calyx toothed or nearly en-
tire : legume stijiitate.

'--1. D.nudiflorum (DC): stem erect, puberulent. leafy at the summit;
leaflets broadly ovate, somewhat glaucous beneath; raceme radical and
scape-like, assurgent, usually naked, much longer than the stem: stamens
perfectly monadelphous ; calyx broadly campanulate, obscurely bilabiate, up-
per lip entire, the lower slightly 3-toothed ; legumes on a very long stipe,
straight on the back, the joints obscurely triangular. — DC.prodr. 2. p. 330;
Hook.Ji. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 154; Darlinsrt.fi. Cest. p. 418. Hedysarum nudi-
florum, Linn.; Mich.v. ! jl. 2. p. 71; ^Pursh,f. 2. p. 483; Ell. sk. 2. p. 209.
Dry woodlands, Canada ! to Georgia ! and Florida ; west to Louisiana
July-Aug. — Stem 6-12 inches high. Leaflets 2-3 inches long, pale beneath,
ciliolate on the margin. Scape sometimes 3 feet or more in height, arising
from the base of the stem, often bearing 1-2 trifoliolate leaves. Panicle loose:
pedicels single or in pairs, 4-8 lines long, filiform. Calyx at length spreading ;
the teeth very short, obtuse, except the middle one of the loAver lip, which is
rather acute. Corolla bright purple, the keel pale: vexillum roundish-obo-
vate, with 2 dark spots near the base. Legume 2-3- (rarely 4-) jointed; the
joints slightly connected, a little concave on the back, sparingly pubescent
with short uncinate hairs ; stipe nearly an inch long.

-f 2. D. acuminatum (DC): stem erect, simple, pubescent, leafy at the
summit ; leaves on very long petioles ; leaflets conspicuously acuminate, the
lateral ones broadly ovate, terminal one roundish ; panicle terminal, on a very
long naked peduncle; calyx campanulate; the upper lip obtuse, slightly
emarginate; lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lohe acute ; stamens monadelphous
below the middle; joints of the legumes 2-3, semioval. — DC. prodr. 2. p.
329; Hook.Ji. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 154; Darlingt. fl. Cesf. p. 417. Hedysarum
acuminatum, Mich.v ! fl. 2. p. 72; Pursh., fl. 2. p. 483; Bigel. fl. Bost. p.
275; Ell. sk. 2. p. 209. H. glutinosum, Willd. sp. 3. p. 1198.

Dry woodlands, Canada ! to Florida! west to Louisiana! July. — Stem
about one foot high, sprinkled with soft hairs. Leaves 2-4 or sometimes 5
inches long, thin: petioles 2-6 inches in length. Stipules setaceous. Ra-
cemes in a long racemose terminal panicle : pedicels 3-4 lines long. Flow-
ers much resembling those of the preceding species. Legume clothed with
short uncinate hairs; the joints concave above, rounded below : stipe about
half an inch long.

3. D. pauciflorum (DC.) : stem decumbent or assurgent, mostly simple,
somewhat hairy ; leaves distant ; lateral leaflets ovate, the terminal one
rhombic-ovate, all slightly acuminate and finely ciliate ; stipules almost want-
ing ; racemes terminal, slender, few-flowered ; calyx campanulate, indistinct-
ly bilabiate ; upper lip 2-toothed, the lower 3-toothed, all the teeth very short
and acute ; stamens monadelphous below the middle ; legume mostly 2-joint-
ed; the joints obtusely triangular; stipe shorter than the pedicels. — DC.

Desmodium. LEGUMLXOSiE. 350

l^rodr. 2. j). 330 ; Darlingt:.' JI. Cest. p. 417. Hedysarum pauciflorum, Null. !
gen. 2. p. 109.

Woods, Pennsylvania! Western States! Arkansas! Louisiana! Au£rust.
— Stem a foot or more in height, sometimes a little branched, slender. Leaf-
lets 1-3 inches long, pale beneath, thin, spiinkled with short hairs. Flowers
few (4-10), in a loose raceme or panicle: pedicels about one-third of an inch
long. Teeth of the calyx nearly equal. Corolla pale purple or nearly white.
Legumes resembling those of D. nuditlorum, but the joints are less angular.

§ 2. Stamens diadelphous (or with the tenth stamen connected with the oth-
ers onlij near the base) : calyx bilabiate, cleft below the middle: le-
gume mostly sitbsessile.

4. D. Canadcnse (DC.) : stem erect, hairy, striate; leaflets oblong-lanceo-
late, nearly glabrous or strigosely pubescent ; stipules subulate ; racemes ter-
minal and in the axils of the uppermost leaves ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, with
a long acumination; calyx deeply bilabiate; upper lip oblong, bifid at the
apex, the lower 3-parted; the segments lanceolate; joints of the legume semi-
ova.-triangular, truncate at both ends, hispid. — DC. prodr. 2. p. 328; Hook.

fl. Bor.-Aml. p. 154. Hedysarum Canadense, Linn, j \Mlld. sp. 3. p.
1187 ; Bigel. Jl. Bost. p. 275.

Dry Woods, Canada ! (as far north at lat. 54'", Hook.) to Pennsylvania!
Western States ! August.— Stem 2-3 feet high, robust, often villous or hir-
sute. Leaflets 2-3 inches long, tapering to the summit, but rather obtuse
Racemes numerous, erect, forming a panicle at the summit of the stem.
Bracts imbricated, and very conspicuous before the flowers are expanded.
Stamens diadelphous the upper third of their length. Legume about one
inch long ; the joints convex on the upper side, rounded and obscurely angu-
lar below.

5. D. canescens (DC): stem erect, branching, striate, hairy and scabrous,
particularly above ; leaflets ovate, rather acute or slightly acuminate, scabrous,
pubescent on both sides; stipules large, obliquely ovate, acuminate, finely
striate, ciliate, persistent; panicle large, very hairy, canescent; bracts ovate-
lanceolate, deciduous, ciliate ; upper lip of the calyx entire or slightly bi-
fid at the apex; segments of the lower lip lanceolate, the middle one
narrow ; stamens diadelphous nearly to the base ; legumes of 4-6 oblong-tri-
angular reticulated hispid joints.— '/>C. prodr. 2. p. 328 ; Beck. bot. p. 84 ;
Darlingt..' Jl. Cest. p. 415. D. viiidiflorum, DC. I. c, excl. svn. D. Aikini-
anum, Berk ! I. c. Hedysarum canescens, Linn. sp. 1054 ; Pursh, f.. 2, p.
482. H. viiidiflorum, Willd. sp. 2. p. 1192 (not oi Linn.) ; Michx.'.fl. 2. p.
71 ; Pursh, I. c. H. scaberrimum. Ell. sk. 2. p. 217. H. Aikmi, Eaton. !■
man. ed. 7. p. 166.

Moist rich soils, particularly along rivers, Massachusetts! and New-York!
to S. Carolina ! and Florida. July-Aug.— Stem 3-5 feet high, rather stout,
more or less hairy, the pubescence partly very short and consisting of unci-
nate hairs. Leaflets 2-4 inches long and 1-3 inches Avide ; the terminal one
usually somewhat rhombic, but often roundish, paler beneath, covered with
a minute uncinate pubescence on both sides. Stipules 4-5 lines long, striate,
scarious. Flowers in large paniculate racemes, which are terminal and axil-
lary in the upper part of the stem; the branches densely clothed with canes-
cent spreading hairs: pedicels 3-6 lines long, solitary or in pairs. Calyx
hairy, deeply bilabiate; the segments all acute. Corolla about 3 times as
long as the 'calyx, violet-purple, becoming greenish in Avithering. Legume
1-fi inch long, 'usually 3-5- (sometimes 6-) jointed ; the joints convex on the
upper side, obtusely angular below, truncate at both ends : stipe scarcely as
long as the calyx.

360 . LEGUMINOSiE. Desmodium.

6. D. DUlenii (Darlingt.): stem erect, branching, hairy ; leaflets oblong
or ovate-oblong, somewhat villous and glaucous beneath; stipules subulate;
racemes paniculate, rather loose and slender ; bracts ovate-lanceolate ; upper
lip of the calyx entire or slightly emarginate, middle lobe of the lower hp
twice as long as the lateral ones; stamens diadelphous nearly to the base;
legumes with 3-4 oblong reticulated pubescent joints. — Darlingt. ! fl. Cest.
p. 414. D. Marilandicum, UC.jirodr. 2. p. 328 (excl. syn. Linn.) ; Beck!
hot. p. 84. Hedysarum Marilandicum, IViltd. sp. 3. p. 1189 (not of Linn.) ;
Pursh, fl. 2. p. 482 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 214. H. trifoliatum &c., Dill. Ellh. 174,
t. 144./ 171.

Rich moist soils, Massachusetts! to Pennsylvania! west to Kentucky!
August.— Stem about 3 feet high sulcate. Leaflets 2-3 inches long, and 1-2
inches wide, usually ovate-oblong, rather obtuse, nearly glabrous above ; the
pubescence of the lower surface not scabrous to the touch. Stipules much
smaller than in the preceding species. Panicle large, naked; the branches
scabrous with very minute uncinate prickles, not canescent; pedicels 2-4
lines long : bracts deciduous. Flowers purple, changing to bluish-green in with-
ering. Legume three-fourths of an inch long; the joints distinctly rhombic
and^connected by a narrow isthmus. — Allied to the preceding species; but
readily distinguished by its scabrous stem, narrow stipules, fewer joints of
the legume, &c.

7. D. cicspidatum : stem erect, glabrous ; leaflets ovate or lanceolate-ovate,
acuminate, glabrous ; stipules lanceolate with a subulate point ; panicle large,
elongated, sparingly branched ; bracts (conspicuous) ovate, cuspidate ; upper-
lip of the calyx slightly bifid ; lateral teeth of the lower lip triangular; about as
long as the tuba, the middle one much longer, lanceolate ; stamens perfectly
diadelphous; legumes with 4-6 triangular-oblong hispid joints. — D. bracte-
osum, DC.prodr. 2. p. 329; Beck.bot.p. 85; Darlingt.! fl. Cest. p. 416.
H. cuspidatum, MiM. in Willd. sp. 3. p. 1198; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 482 ; Bigel.
ft. Bo.tt. p. 276. H. bracteosum, Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 73 ; Pursh, ft. 2. p. 483 ;
Ell.sk.2.p.2\'i.

Banks ot rivers and borders of woods, Canada! to S. Carolina and Florida !
west to Arkansas ! — August. — Stem 4-5 feet high, Avith few branches. Leaf-
lets 3-5 inches long, and l-2ii inches wide, tapering to a long acute point.
Stipules glabrous, deciduous. Partial stipules conspicuous, subulate. Pa-
nicle often 2 feet long ; the racemose branches slightly scabious with a minute
uncinate pubescence. Flowers often sterile. Bracts large, broad at the base,
with a long acute point. Corolla purplish-violet. Legume 1^-2 inches long.

8. D. viridiflorum (Beck) : stem erect, densely pubescent and somewhat
glabrous towards the summit; leaflets ovate, mostly obtuse, scabrous above,
velvety-villous beneath; stipules ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, caducous ; pan-
icle elongated, naked ; upper lip of the calyx slightly bifid ; lowest tooth lan-
ceolate, nearly twice as long as the triangular lateral ones; stamens some-
what monadelphous at the base ; legumes of 3-4 obtusely triangular joints. —
Beck, hot. p. 83; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 415, not of DC. Hedysarum viridi-
florum, Linn. ! sp. 1055; Ell. sk. 2. p. 217, not of Willd. H. caule recto, &c.
Gronov. ! Virg.p. 109.

Alluvial soils, Pennsylvania ! to Florida ! Alabama, Dr. Gates ! Red Riv-
er, Louisiana, /Jr. Hale ! Aug.— Stem 3-4 feet high, rather stout, panicu-
lately branched. Leaflets 2-3 inches long ; the lower surface clothed with a
thick and very soft pubescence. Panicle very large. Bracts small, broadly
ovate. Calyx very hairy, scarcely \ the length of the corolla. Corolla violet-
purple, turning greenish in withering. Legume about li inch long ; the
joints convex above, obtusely angular below. — This is the original Hedysa-
rum viridiflorum of Linnaeus, as has been ascertained by Dr. Boott; but not
the plant described under this name by Willdenow, Pursh, and others.

Dr.sMODiL'M. LECJI'MlNOSyE. 3(Jl

9. V. rlioinh/liilmm {DC): .-Icin erccr, stoul, numiicly pulicMcni (ratlit^r
tliick and coriaccMiis), retiriilatPil brnrath, ovafc, oImhsc, pulicsrcni iiIodl' the
veins; the lateral ones oxalo-oblony, soinewliat distant ; tlielorininal rhomlijc-
ovalp; siipuUs subulatr, caducous; racemes paniculate, bcabnius-pubcs-
cenl ; bracts ovate, small ; U)wer lip of the calyx lonn;esf ; the lateral tenh
acute ; legumes of 'J-4 liroaillv semi-rliomboidal hispid-pubescent joints
slightly convex on the back, with a stipe nearly ll'e lenzthofthe lowest joint.
— DC. prodr. 3. p. :330. Hedysanim rhomliiii)liuin. Ell.! sic. 2. p. iJlt;.

/:'. more glabrous; leaflets snialler, paler beneath au<l not reticulated, gla-
brous or minutely pubescent on the veins.

In dry rich soil, S. Carolina! to Florida! and Louisiana! P. North Ca-
rolina! to Louisiana! and Arkansas! Aug.-Oct. — Stem 2-4 feet hiirli.
Petioles 1-3 incites long. Leaflets 2-3 inches long, very thick and tiim,
sometimes a little narrowed towards the apex but obtuse. Panicle very
large : pedicels as long as the flowers. Joints of the legume about 3 lines
in length, scarcely convex on the back when mature. — We have a f^jrm of
this .species which greatly resembles some varieties of D. viridiflorum,
excej)t diat they want the tomentose puliescence of the lower surface of the
leaves. Our smoother variety (which uilhrs verv' slightly from the jjlant in
Elliott's herbarium) is often taken for D. liEvigatum, but it does not accord
with the character of that s])ecies.

10. D. Ifevigatum (DC): very smooth; stem simple, erect, somewhat
glaucous; loaves on long petioles; leiiiiets ovate, acute; stipules subulate,
minute and deciduous; panicle teruiinal, nearly simple; flowers by pairs
upon lomi pedicels ; bracts ovate, acute, sht)rter tiian the flower-buds. Au<<.
— DC. prodr. 2. p. 329. Hedj'sarum tevigatum, NiUf. Sixn. 3. p. 109.

"In the forests of New Jersey, rare. — Ratiier large, and the smoothest of
the North American species. Lower petioles about 3 inches long; the
larger leaflets 3 inches long and li broad, everywhere perfectly smooth,
somewhat glaucous beneath, sometimes elliptic-ovate, constantly diminishing
in size upward* : the stem attenuated into the terminal and ra<-pmose ])anl-
cle; rachis of the jjanicle and the peduncles minutely pubescent : lowest seg-
ment of the calyx conspicuously elongated. The fruit I have not seen. Al-
lied to H. cuspidalum but iierfectlj' distinct." Nult. — We have copied Mr.
Nuttall's description entire, not having seen tliis species, unless we have
mistaken it fi^r a fijrm of D. cuspidatum, from which it ai»[)ears to difler only
in having smaller stipules and bracts. Elliott's jdant is, ^\-e suspect, not
distinct from D. cuspidatum.

11. D. glahellum (DC): stem erect, nearly glabrous; leaflets (small)
ovate, obtuse, scabrous-pubescent on both sides ; stipules subulate, minute ;
panicle terminal ; upper lip of the calyx entire; the lower tooth longest;
legume stipitate, nearly straight on the back, minutely hispid, with about 4
semi-rhomboidal reticulated joints. — DC. prodr. 2. p. 329. Hedysarum
glabellum, Michx. ! Ji. 2. p. 73 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 211 ; not oi Pursh.

In shady places, S. Carolina, Michaux! Elliott. N. Carolina, Mr. Cvr-
tis ! August-Sept. — Resembles D. Marilandicum in foliage, although the
leaflets are often much larger and scabrous with appressed hairs, but the
legumes are very like tliose of D. paniculatum. We have apparently a
larger form of this s])ecies from Florida, but the fruit is wanting : perhajis it
is rather a small-leaved D. DiUenii.

12. D. Marilandicum (Boott ! mss.) : stem erect, simple, slender, nearly
glabrous ; leaflets (small) ovate, very obtuse, often slightly cordate, thin ;
petioles as long as the lateral leaflets, glabrous ; stipules Ismceolate-subulale,
caducous ; panicle elongated, scabrous-puberulent ; bracts lanceolate-ovate,
very small ; upper lip of the calyx ratlier shortest, emarginate ; the lower

46

362 LEGUMINOSiE. Desmodium.

tooth lanceolate, longer than the rather obtuse triangular lateral ones ; legumes
with 2-3 hispid somewhat semi-orbicular joints. — Darlingt.! fl. Ccst.p. 412.
D. obtusum, DC. prodr. 2. p. 329 ; Beck, hot. p. 84. Hedysarum Marilandi-
cum, Linn, (fide herb! S^'JjI. Gronov.!) spec. 2. p. 748, excl. syn. Dill., not
of Willd. and later authors. H. obtusum, Pursh ! fl. 2. p. 482 ; Eli. sk. 2.
p. 212 ; scarcely of Willd.

Dry hills and woodlands. New England States! and New York ! to Flori-
da ! Louisiana ! and Alabama ! July-Aug. — Stem 2-3 feet high, striate,
glabrous or witli a few scattered hairs. Leaflets scarcely an inch in length,
glabrous or rarely with a few hairs on the veins beneath : petioles slender,
always about the length of the lateral leaflets. Corolla small, violet- purple.
Legumes small, sometimes of a single joint, but more frequently with 3 ; the
upper margin distinctly sinuate. — This species is doubtless comprised in the
Hedysarum obtusum, and is well known to American botanists under that
name, but the specimen in Willdenow's own herbarium seems to be rather a
smoother variety of the following species. This however is less important,
as the original name of Linnaeus must be adopted.

13. D. ciliare (DC.) : stem erect, mostly simple, rather slender, hairy ;
leaves crowded, on very short hairy petioles; leaflets (small) roundish-
ovate or oval, obtuse, rather coriaceous, pubescent and somewhat ciliate ;
stipules linear-subulate, caducous ; lower branches of the panicle mostly
elongated ; upper lip of the hairy calyx shortest, usually entire ; the
lower tooth lanceolate and longest ; legumes with 2-3 semi-orbicular or
obliquely roundish-obovate hispid joints. — DC. ! prodr. 2. p. 330 ; Beck, I.
c. ; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 413. Hedysarum ciliare, Willd. ! spec. 3. p. 1190 ;
Pursh, I. c. ; Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 109 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 212. H. coriaceima,
Poir. suppl. 1. p. 416?

a. leaflets roundish. — Desmodium obtusum, DC. ! I. c. Hedysarum
obtusum, Wdld. ! ex spec.

0. leaflets oblong, particularly the terminal one ; leaves less crowded. —
Hedysarum ciliare var. oblongifolium, Ell. I. c.

Dry hills and copses. New England States! and New York! to Florida!
Louisiana ! and Texas ! July-Aug. — Plant rather stouter than the preced-
ing species ; the stems usually quite hairy, but sometimes rather smooth ;
the leaflets about the same size (or in 0. rather larger), but always longer
than the hairy petiole. Panicle scabrous-puberulent with uncinate hairs, as
in D. Marilandicum ; the lower racemes much elongated. — The flowers and
fruit are wholly similar to the preceding species, from which there is scarcely
any constant distinguishing character, except the very short hairy petioles.

14. D. rigidum (DC.) : stem erect, branched, clothed with a rough pu-
bescence ; leaflets ovate-oblong, obtuse, reticulated, ciliate, scabrous above,
hairy beneath, the lateral ones smallest, much longer than the hairy petiole ;
stipules ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate, caducous ; racemes paniculate,
erect, very long ; segments of the calyx acute, the lower one longest ;
legumes of 2-3 semi-obovate or obliquely oval hispid joints. — DC. I. c. ;
Darlingt. ! fl. Cest. p. 413. Hedysanmi rigidum, Ell. sk. 3. p. 215.

Dry hill sides and open woodlands. Near Boston, Dr. Boott! and Southern
part of the State of New York ! and New Jersey ! to Georgia ! Tennessee,
Dr. Currey ! Arkansas, Dr. Leavenworth! Western Louisiana, Dr. Hale!
Aug.-Sept. — Plant somewhat canescent. Stem 2-3 feet high, striate, usually
■with numerous long erect and rather rigid branches. Leaves a little coriace-
ous : leaflets 1-3 inches long. — The fruit scarcely differs from that of D.
ciliare, from which the smaller varieties are, as Dr. Darlington remarks, not
easily distinguished ; on the other hand, the larger forms approach both D.
Canadense and DUlenii ; but the legumes are very different from either.

Desmodium. LEGUMINOSiE. 3G3

15. D. sessili folium : sl'em erect, ratlier stout, tomentosc-pubescent ; leaves
sessile ; leaflets linear or linear-obloriir, rather eoriaceous, obtuse at each end,
reticulated, scabrous above, tonieniose wilh a soft jiubescence beneath ;
stipules subulate, somewhat persistent ; racemes paniculate, much elongjitfd ;
pedicels very short ; bracts minute; upper lip of the calyx slii,dilly emargi-
nate ; the lower tooth a little longer than the triangular lateral ones; legumes
small, nearly sessile, of 2-3 somewhat semi-orbicular hispid joints. — Iledy-
sarum scssilifolium, Torr.! mss. S^'in Curtis, cat.pl. Wilmingt. excl. /?.

Borders of woods and copses, Michigan ! Ohio ! Kentucky ! lUincjis ! Ark-
ansas ! & Texas! Aug. — Stem 2-3 feet high, striate, simple, or paniculate
at the sumjiiit. Leaflets 1^-2^ inches in length and 4-5 lines wide. Flowers
crowded on the long and simple branches of the panicle, small. Legumes
about half an inch long, the joints slightly convex on the back. — A very dis-
tinct species.

16. D. tenuifolium : stem erect, slender, branching, scabrous-pubescent
above ; leaves on short petioles, the upper ones often sessile ; leaflets narrow-
ly linear, obtuse, coriaceous, reticulated, verj' glabrous above, sliglitly pubes-
cent beneatJi ; stijjules subulate, rather jjcrsistent ; panicles elongated, very
scabrous ; bracts ovate, acute, very small ; upper lip of the calyx slightly
emarginate, about the length of the nearly equal lower teeth; legumes not
stipitate, of 2-3 very small semi-oval or obliquely oval hispid joints. — Hedy-
samni scssilifolium 0. angustifolium, Torr. ! in Curtis, cat. Wilmington
plants, p. 123.

In shady sandy places, Wilmington, North Carolina, Mr. Curtis ! Flori-
da, Dr. Chairman ! Alabama, Mr. Buckley ! Western Louisiana, Dr.
Hale ! Aug.-Sept. — Stem 2-3 feet high, wilh virgate branches. Lower
leaves 2-3 or even 4 inches long, and about 2 lines wide ; the upper ones
shorter. Flowers smaller than in any other N. American sjiecies. Joints
of the legumes less than two lines in length (slightly larger when a
single one ripens), convex on the back. — This species greatly resembles D.
strictuni, and is distinguished by no essential character, excepting the size
and fonn of the joints of the legume, which are only half as large : they are
similar to those of D. sessilifolium, but are still smaller.

17. D. strictum (DC.) : stem erect, mostly simple, strict and slender, glabrous
or scabrous-puberulent ; leaves on distinct petioles ; leaflets narrowly linear,
elongated, rather obtuse, mucronulatc, coriaceous, reticulated, nearly gla-
brous; stipules subulate, rather persistent; panicle virgate, few-flowered; the
pedicels very slender; bracts lanceolate; upper lip of the calyx slightly
emarginate, the lower tooth longest ; legume somewhat stipitate, uncinate-
pubescent, 1-3-jointed ; the joints semi-obovate and slightly concave on the
back. — DC. prodr. 2. p. 329. Hedysarum strictum, Pursh ! fl. 2. p. 483 ;
Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 109. H. paniculatum, Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 74.

In pine woods and barrens. New Jersey ! to Florida ! Alabama ! and
Louisiana ! July-Sept. — Stem 2-4 feet high, straight, very slender, often
branching towards the summit ; the branches and racemes often very sca-
brous-pubescent. Leaves lJ-3 inches long, and only 2-3 lines wide, rigid.
Flowers small. Legume often ripening but a single rather large joint. — In
a specimen from Dr. Chapman, one of the stipelles is developed into a well-
formed leaflet. We have noticed the same thing in D. Canadense.

18. D. paniculaturn (DC.) : stem erect, slender, and, with the petiolate
leaves, nearly glabrous ; leaflets membranaceous, oblong-lanceolate or some-
times linear-lanceolate, rather obtuse, the lower ones often oval-oblong ;
stipules subulate, deciduous ; racemes paniculate, the pedicels long and
slender ; bracts lanceolate, hairy ; upper lip of the calyx einarginate ; the
lower tooth much longest ; legume on a short stipe, straight, minutely

364 LEGUMINOSiE. Desmodium.

uncinate-pubescent, of 3-5 triangular-rhomboid joints. — DC. ! I. c. ; Dar-
lingt. ! I. c. Hedysarum paniculatum, Linn. ! spec. 2. p. 748 ; Pursh !
I. c. ; WiiUt. ! I. c. ; Ell. I. c.

p. an gusti folium : leaves all narrower.

y. jnibens : slcni puberulent ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, rather rigid, pu-
bescent, especially beneath.

Borders of woods, da. Canada ! to Florida ! Louisiana ! and Texas ! 0.
Southern and Western States I y. Tatnpa Bay, Florida, Dr. Burrows !
Western Louisiana, Dr. Hale! July-Aug. — Stern 2-3 feet high. Leaflets
1-3 inches long, minutely ])ubescent with appressed hairs on both sides.
Flowers purple. Legumes rather large ; the joints oblong, distinctly angled
on the back, so as to form an inequilateral rhomboid.

19. D. rot undi folium (DC.) : stem prostrate, liirsute ; leaflets orbicular, pu-
bescent ; stipules large, broadly ovate, acuminate, reflexed, persistent ;
racemes axillary and terminal ; bracts resembling the stipules ; calyx about
equally 4-cleft, the upper segment 2-toothed, the lower a little longest ;
legumes minutely hispid, almost equally sinuate on both edges, with 3-5
rhomboid-oval joints. — DC. ! I. c. ; Darlingt. ! Ji. Cest.p. 330. Hedvsarum
rotundifohum, 'Michr.! ft. 2. p. 12; Pursh! fi". 2. p. 484; Ell. sk. 2. p.
213 ; Bigel.fl. Bost. eel. 2. p. 21 A.

In di-y soil. New England States ! and New York ! to Georgia ! Alabama !
and Louisiana ! Aug. — Stem somewhat branched, 2-4 feet in length, angu-
lar. Leaflets large, usually liairy on both sides and ciliate ; the terminal one
largest, and slightly rhomboid. Racemes rather few-flowered ; the terminal
ones often panicled. Corolla bright purple and violet. Legumes about an
inch long. — Elliott and Dr. Darlington, on the authority of Muhlenberg, in-
correctly consider this as the Hedysarum canescens of Willdenow ; concern-
ing which see note at the end of the genus.

20. D. liumifusHm (Beck) : stem procumbent, striate, almost glabrous ;
leaflets oval, slightly pubescent ; stii)ules ovate-lanceolate, persistent : ra-
cemes axillary and terminal ; bracts resembling the stipules ; ui)per lip of
the calyx deeply 2-toothed ; teeth of the lower lip very acute, the middle one
prolonged ; legumes minutely hispid, slightly sinuate or repand along the su-
perior margin, on a short stipe, of 2-4 obtusely triangidar joints. — Beclc, hot.
p. 86. Hedysarum humifusum, Muhl. cat. ; Bigel. ! fi. Bost. ed. 2. p. 274.

Massachusetts, near Boston, Bigelow .' Dr. Book ! Near -Lancaster,
Pennsylvania, and Carolina (?), Muhlenberg. August. — Eesembles D. ro-
tundifolium, l)ut the whole plant is much smoother, the leaves oval, the
stipules and legumes also difltirent. Muhlenberg, in his unpublished Flora
Lancastriensis, remarks that he has H. humifusum both from New England
and Carolina ; but his description does not perfectly agree with the plant from
Massachusetts, which alone we have seen.

21. D. lineatum (DC.) : stem angled and finely striate, slightly pubescent;
leaves on short petioles ; leaflets (small) orbicular, nearly glabrous ; stipules
triangular-subulate, small, persistent ; flowers mostl}^ in terminal elongated
loose panicles ; upper lip of the calyx 2-cleft, the middle segment of the
lower lip longest ; legumes (small) sessile, minutely hispid, of about 3 nearly
orbicular rather oblique joints. — DC. prodr. 2.^;. '330; Hook.! compan. to
hot. mag. \. p. 23. Hedvsarum lineatum, Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 72 ; Ell. sk. 2.
p. 214.

Carolina, il'/ic/iaM.r/ Virginia, Mr. Curtis! Middle Florida, D/-. vl?e.r-
ander ! Dr. Chapman ! Alabama, ilJr. Buckley ! Louisiana, Drummond !
Dr. Hale ! — This very disthict species derives its name from the finely stri-
ate stems. The leaves resemble those of D. rotundifolium, but are" very
nmch smaller than the ordinary forms of that species.

Desmodilm. LEGUMINOS.'E. 3(;i5

The species of this extremely difTicult genus present such diversities, and ofkon
appear to approach each other by such gradations, tliat it is by no moans easy to
define them properly. Tlio most constant characters may coinnionly bo dLrivud
from the form of the joints of the legume ; but these are frequently slight and not
easy to be expressed in words. Having obtained additional materials and informa-
tion since our account of the earlier portion of this genus was published (Oct.
1833 ; to spec. no. 8. p. 3f)0), we append a few notes on the subject.

The genus Ototropis, N. ah E. (delect, sem. hort. Vratisl. 1838, p. 3.) would
include many of our species, so far as the caly.x is concerned, and several agree
with it in the form of the legumes ; but in this respect evory gr.ul.ition may be ob.
served, and other species which agree with Ototropis in fruit h.ivc a verj' diff-rcnt
calyx ; so that we see not how it can bo adopted even as a section. It sh'uuld have
been stated, perhaps, in the generic character of Dcsmodiuin, that the upper lip of
the calyx is often entire, and sometimes the calyx is nearly equally 4- or S-toothed.
The joints of the pod are reticulated and more or less hi-spid with uncinate hairs in
all our species.

D. Canadense. DC! (fledysarum Canadonse, Linn, liort. Cliff.! «J- spec..')
To the character should be added : Petioles very much shorter than the leaflets ;
stipules rather persistent ; legumes nearly sessile (much smaller than in D. canes,
cens), of about 5 roundish rather oblique joint.-*.

0. longijolium : leaflets lanceolate-ovate, membranaceous ; stipules lanceolate ;
racemes mora lax. — D. longifoliuin, Niitt..' ?nss. — Arkansa.s, Nuttall! Dr.
Vitcher ! — We have specimens intermediate between this and the ordinary form of
the species, collected in Illinois by Mr. Buckley. The petiolos in D. Canadense
are ordinarily scarcely longer than the potiolulo of the terminal leaflets; but this
variety somewhat approaches D. canescens.

D. caneicens, DC. (ex syn. & descr.) Hedysarum canescens, Linn. hort.
Cliff. ; (1737) ^ ex syn. Gronov. .' not of hort. L'ps. ! (1748), which is a Jamaica
plant; excluding also the syn. H. triphyllum, &.c. Sloane .' and Onobrychis
Americana, floribus spicatis. &,c. Pluk. .' which both relate to another West Indian
species. H. viridifloruin, Willd. .' Purs/i .' ^c. D. viridiflorum, DC. .' ^c. — The
H. canescens, Willd. .' is the Linnaean plant of the Ilorlus Upsalensis. Our plant
is accordingly, as we supposed, the original H. canetcens, according to the speci-
men in the herbarium of the Ilortus Cliffortianus, now belonging to the British Mu-
seum. The proper herbarium of Linutcus contains the plant of the Hortus Upsa-
lensis only. It is the former which LinniEus compares with H. Canadense (also
established in Hort. Cliff".) To distinguish it more perfectly from this as well as
the two species with which Linnceus confounded it, we add the following
characters : Petioles about the length of the broadly ovate leaflets, which
are reticulated beneath, and scabrous on both sides, but especially beneath, with
long and stitt'appressed hairs and a minute uncinate pubescence ; legume with a
short stipe.

13. villosissimum : panicle and upper part of the stem very villous ; leaflets ob-
long-ovate ; upper lip of the calyx sometunes very deeply cletl. — D. Canadense,
var. Hook. ^ Am. compan. to hot. mag. 1. p. 22. — St. Louis, Missouri, Drum,
mond !

D. Dillenii, Darlingt. (D. Boottii, Torr. .' in Curtis, cat. Wilmingt.pl. Hedy-
sarum Maiilandicum, Willd. I) — The joints of the legume were accidentally
described as oblong instead of rhomboid. It varies greatly in tho size of the
leaves, which are sometimes obtuse at both ends, and sometimes acute.

D. viridiflorum. Beck. — Stem scabrous towards the summit ; stipules rather per-
sistent.— In specimens from Florida, recently received, with mature fruit, we find
the legumes somewhat oven on the back ; the joints slightly convex on that side,
and much dilated and rounded below, so as to assume a rather semi-orbicular out.
line. The old leaves are less tomentose beneath. We liave another form from
Louisiana (Dr. Hale) with ovate-oblong leaves, and the joints of the young le.
gumes somewhat rhomboidal. Possibly two or more species are confounded under
this name.

Hedysarum volubile, Z«inn. (founded on Dill. Elth. t. 143,/. 170.) is Galactia
pilosa or G. mollis.

366 LEGUMINOS^. Lespedeza.

44. LESPEDEZA. Michx. Jl. 2. p. 70, t. 39 Sf iO.

Calyx with 2 persistent bracteoles at its base, deeply 5-cleft ; the segments
linear-lanceolate or subulate, nearly equal, the two upper ones sometimes
more or less united. Corolla inserted into the base of the calyx : vexillum
roundish or oblong, somewhat unguiculate, more or less appendiculate at the
base by the inflexed margins : wings nearly straight, as long as the keel,
often auriculate at the base on one side, and, as well as the very obtuse
slightly curved keel-petals, on slender claws. Stamens diadelphous (9 &
1) : anthers uniform. Style filiform : stigma capitate. Legume lenticular,
mostly flat, small, reticulated, unarmed, indehiscent, 1-seeded. — Perennial
herbs or suffrutescent plants, with pinnately trifoliolate reticulated leaves.
Stipules setaceous or subulate : stipelles none. Flowers in axillary pedun-
culate spikes or racemes, and often with other apetalous and imperfect but
fertile ones, mostly in subsessile glomerules. Bracts minute, 3 together, 1-
2-flowered.

§ 1. Flowers of tivo hinds, viz : perfect, although seldom maturing fruit ; and
fertile hut mostly destitute of stamens and petals ; the latter either on the
same few-flowered jjeduncles, or in subsessile glomerules : calyx slightly bila-
biate, the 2 sujjerior segments often united at the base : corolla violet and
purple, longer than the calyx : stems diffuse, procumbent, or erect. —
Eulespedeza.

The fruit, in this section, is chiefly produced by the apetalous flowers, which are
small and commonly escape notice until the legumes are formed. The style, in
•these flowers, is short and hooked, as in Amphicarpsea and other analogous cases ;
and by this character the two kinds of legumes may be distinguished. The ovary
is not naked, as in Stylosanthes, Chapmannia, and other genera of this tribe, but is
surrounded by a calyx, and the rudiments of petals and filaments may sometimes be
detected. A knowledge of this circumstance will render our species much better un.
erstood than formerly. Authors have sometimes described the calyx from the apeta-
lous flowers, where it is mostly smaller, which has caused some discrepancies. Little
reliance is to be placed upon the degree of union of the two upper segments of the
calyx : in L. repens and L. procumbens they are sometimes united almost to the tip,
and again distinct nearly to the base.

1. L. ])^ocumbens (Michx.) : tomentose-pubescent throughout except the
upper surface of the leaves, prostrate ; the branches assurgent ; leaflets oval
or elliptical, mostly retuse, the uppennost often obovate ; peduncles axillary,
simple, elongated, sometimes a little paniculate at the extremity of the
branches, few-flowered ; apetalous flowers occupying the lower 2)eduncles,
and also often subsessile in the axils of the lower leaves ; legumes minutely
pubescent, nearly orbicular. — Michx. ! Jl. 2. p. 70, t. 39 ; Pursh ! jl. 2. p.
481 ; Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 108 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 408 ; DC. ! prodr. 2. p. 350 ;
Darlingt. ! fl. Cest. p. 422. Hedysarum repens, Willd. ! sp. 3. p. 1200. H.
Lespedeza, Poir. diet, ex DC.

Sandy soil, Massachusetts ! to Florida ! and Louisiana. Aug.-Sept. —
Stems several from the same root, 2-3 feet long, very densely pubescent with
soft spreading hairs. Petioles of the lower leaves as long as the leaflets ;
those of the branches often very short. Corolla purple tinged with violet. Le-
gumes pubescent, about IJ line in length and abiiost as wide as long.— We
have never observed a 2-jointed legume in this species.

Lespedeza. LEGUMINOS^.

3G7

2. L. repens : prostrate or diffiisply procumbent, minutely pubescent witli
closely appresserl hairs, or nearly glabrous ; leaflets oval or obovate-ellipiical,
glabrous above, the uppermost emarginate or somewhat obcordate ; ])etioles
mostly very short ; peduncles axillary, filiform, simple, few-flow^ered ; the
lower ones (sometimes short) bearing apetalous flowers ; legumes minutely
pubescent, nearly orbicular. — L. repens, Bart. prodr.Jl. Philad. ? L. pros-
trata, Pursh, I. c. ; Nutt. ! I. c. ; DC. ! I. c. ; Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p.
156. Hedysarum repens, Linn.! spec. (ed. \.) 2. p. 749 (pi. Gronov. '),
Sfed. 2. p. 1056, excl. syn. Dill. EUh. II. prostratum, Willd. ! I. c

Dry sandy soil (Upper Canada, ex Hook.), New Jersey ! to Georgia !
west to Kentucky ! and Louisiana ! Aug-Sept. — Stems several from the
same roof, often simple, very slender. Legumes as in the preceding species ;
from which it scarcely diflisrs except in the kind and degree of the j)ubescence,
the rather smaller flowers, and more slender habit. The very short jietioles
are not wholly constant, and equally exist in some states of L. procumbens.
— Hedysarum repens of Linnajus was founded entirely upon the Virginian
plant, and not upon Dill. EUh. t. 142, f. 169 (a Ceylonese Desmodium), as
has been supposed ; for the reference to Dillenius only malies its appearance
in the second edition of the Species Plantarum, ami Virginia is the only-
habitat given : hence we have restored the original specific name.

3. L. violacea (Pers.) : stem erect or diflfuse, pubescent, branching ; leaf-
lets varying from oval-oblong to linear, hairy or canescent with appresed pu-
bescence beneatli, etiualling or longer than the petiole ; racemes axillary,
few-flowered, sometimes shorter than the leaves, and sometimes in part ex-
serted on slender peduncles ; apetalous flowers glomerate and subsessile in
the axils of the leaves ; legumes minutely pubescent with short appressed
hairs, or nearly glabrous, ovate, much longer than the calyx. — Pers. syn. 2.
p. 318 ; Pursh ! I. c. Hedysarum violaceum, Linn. ! sp)ec. 2. p. 749 (excL
syn. Gronov. !) ; Willd. ! I. c. H. frutescens, Linn. ! I. c. {pi. Gronov. .')

a. diver gens : peduncles toward the extremity of the branches filiform and'
much longer than the leaves, the flowers rarely producing fruit ; leaflets oval
or oblong. — L. divergens, Pursh! l. c. ; DC. I. c. Hedysarum divereens,
Willd.! I.e. ^

0. sessiliflora : flowers somewhat glomerate on peduncles much shorter
than the leaves ; those at the base chiefly apetalous and fertile ; leaflets ob-
long or elliptical. — L. sessiliflora, Michx' I. c. (partly) ; Pursh ! I. c. ; Nutt.
I. c. ; DC. I. c. ; Ell. I. c. ; DarUngt. Jl. Cest. p. 420. Hedysarum viola-
ceum, Linn. ! in part ; Willd. ! I. c. (Varies with the leaflets shghtly pi>-
bescent and almost tomentose beneath.)

y. angustifolia : peduncles short ; the flowers glomerate toward the extremi-
ty of the branches; petioles slender, mostly erect ; leaves much crowded above

and fascicled on short branchlets ; leaflets nan-owly oblong or linear. L.

reticulata, Pers. I. c. ; Nutt. ! I. c. ; DC. ! I. c. ; DarUngt. I. c. L. sessili-
flora, partly, Michx.! I. c. L. angustifolia, DarUngt. I. c. ed. 1. L. fru-
tescens, DC. I. c, not of Ell. Hedysarum reticulatum, Willd. ! I. c. H.
junceum, IValt. Medicago Virginica, Linn. ! I. c. (pi. Gronov. !) (Varies
with the leaves somewhat hairy beneath to canesccntly tomentose.)

Borders of woods and thickets, Canada ! and Northern States ! to Florida.*"
and Louisiana! Aug.-Sept. — The Hedysarum violaceum of Linnaeus in-
cludes both L. divergens and L. sessiliflora, and to the same species L.
reticulata must certainly be referred. In comparing the size of the legume
with the calyx, it should be remembered that the petaliferous flowers in this
species seldom perfect fruit, and that the calyx of the apetalous ones is
smaller. The narrow-leaved variety is perhaps always erect.

4. L. Stuvei (Nutt.) : stem nearly erect, branching, tomentose-pubescent ;
leaflets oval or roundish, pubescent or silky-tomentose, longer than the

3C8 LEGUMINOSiE. Lkspedf.za.

petiole ; racemes axillar)', maiiy-flowered ; apetalous flowers few ; legumes
villous-pubescent, ovate, acuminate, rather longer than the calj^x.

a. stem tomentose ; leaflets oval, villous-canescent on both sides, especially
beneath ; peduncles crovi^ded, about the length of the leaves. — L. Stuvei,
NuU. ! gen. 2. p. 107. L. \'iolacea, Ell. ?

0. leaflets oval or obovate-oval, rather glabrous above, silky pubescent be-
neath ; racemes spicate, dense, sometimes loose and much longer than the
leaves. — L. Stuvei, Ell. 1

y. leaflets oval, ovate, and obovate, somewhat villous beneath ; racemes
spicate, elongated, rather loosely flowered, on peduncles longer than the
leaves. — L. Stuvei, Darlingt. fi. Cest. ed. 1. L. virgata, Nutt..' mss. L.
Nuttallii, Darlingt. I. c. ed. 2. p. 420.

T)ry hills, Northern States, especially New Jersey ! to Louisiana ! Ark-
ansas ! and Texas ! Aug.-Se])t. — This species appears to assume a variety
of forms, and is not easily defined. It is, as it were, intermediate between
L. violacea and L. hirta ; some forms approaching the former so as to be
essentially distinguished only by the many-flowered peduncles, more hairy
legumes, and few apetalous flowers ; while others differ from L. hirta chiefly
in the purple flowers, smaller leaflets, rather shorter calyx, longer and less
villous and more pointed legumes, (5:c. and connect this section with the
succeeding.

§ 2. Flowers all fertile and perfect, in dense or capitate spikes : corolla about
the length of the calyx, white or ochroleucous, with a purple s^wt on the
vexillum : stems erect. — Lespedezaria.

6. L. Ibirta (Ell.) : stem erect, branching above, villous or tomentose ;
leaflets roundish-oval or somewhat obovate, emarginate, pubescent or silky,
mostly longer than the petiole ; spikes oblong or cylindrical ; the peduncles
at length much longer than the leaves ; calyx very hairy ; the segments
linear-lanceolate, acuminate, somewhat 3-nerved, scarcely exceeding the oval
villous legume. — Ell. sk. 2. p. 207 ; Torr. ! compend. p. 267. L. poly-
stachya, Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 71, t. 40 ; Pursh, I. c. ; DC. ! I. c. ; Hook. fl.
Bar.- Am. l.p. 156 ; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 421. L. villosa, Pers. syn. 2. p.
318 ; DC. I. c. Hedysarum hirtum, Linn. ! s^iec. 2. p. 748 ; Willcl. ! spec.
3. p. 1193. H. villosum, Willd.?

iS. sparsiflora : more slender ; spikes elongated, loosely flowered.

Dry hills, Canada ! and New England States ! to Florida and Louisiana !
Aug.-Sept. — Stem 2-4 feet high. Leaflets pubescent with appressed hairs,
often nearly glabrous above, sometimes silky on both sides. Corolla ochro-
leucous, with a purple spot on the vexillum, somewhat exceeding the calyx.
Legume turgid when ripe.

6. L. capiiaia (Michx.) : stem erect, nearly simple, villous-pubescent ;
leaves on very short petioles ; leaflets varying from elliptical to linear, rather
coriaceous, reticulated, silky beneath ; spikes capitate on short peduncles ;
calyx very hairy ; the segments strongly 3-nerved when old, much longer
than the oval villous-pubescent legume. — Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 71 ; Pursh ! fl.
2. p. 480 ; Nutt. I. c. ; Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 272 ; DC ! prodr. 2. p.
349; Beck! hot. p. 87. L. frutescens, Ell. sk. 2. p. 206; Beck! I.e.;
Darlingt. ! fl. Cest. p. 421. L. fruticosa, Pers. syn. 2. p. 318. Hedj^sarum fru-
tescens, Willd.! sp. 3. p. 1193, not of Linn. spec. ed. 1 {pi. Gronov.l)
which is L. violacea ! H. conglomeratum, Poir, ex DC.

a. vtdgaris : leaflets elliptical-oblong, glabrous or. somewhat pubescent
above.

/?. lonsifolia: leaflets oblong or lanceolate, glabrous above. — L. longifolia,
DC. ! prodr. 2. p. 349.

CnoTALARiA. LEGUMINOSiE. • 3G9

y. angustifnlia (Piirsli !) : leaflpts linoar, narrow, elongated, glabrous
above; peduncles longer. — L. angustifolin, Ell. I. c; DC. L c.

J. sericea (Ilook. & Arn.) : stem niueh branched, densely villous ; leaf-
lets linear-oblong, very silky and shining on both sides. — Hook, ty Am. !
compan. to hot. mag. 1. p. 23.

Dry rather barren soils, Canada and New England Stales ! to the upjjcr
district of South Carolina ; west to Arkansas ! IL Kentucky ! to Louisiana !
y. New York ! and New .Jersey ! (in j)ine-barrens) to Florida ! and Louisi-
ana ! 6. Louisiana, Drummoud. Arkansas, iVM//a//.' Dr. Pitcher ! Aug.-
Sept. — Stem 2-4 feet high, wliolly herbaceous. Calyx-segmenLs lanceolate-
subulate. Corolla white : vexilluni oblong, scarcely spreading, with a pur-
ple spot near the base : wings narrow, scarcely auricled at the base. — This
plant has been generally supposed to be the Hedysarum fnitescens of Lin-
naeus ; but that species was founded on a jjlant of Clayton's (H. fol. ternatis ;
foliolis suliovatis, &c. Gronov. ! Vtrg.), whicli, as our most esteemed friend
Dr. B(Hitt first observed, is Linna-us's own H. violaceum, wliile the synonym
of Gronovius, adduced under the latter species, belongs to Psoralea raelilo-
toides ! But the reference to Mill. diet, in the second edition of the Species
Plantarum doubtless relates to the present species.

Arachis hypogfea (the Pea-nut) was sent in tho late Mr. Drummond's collec-
tion, from Covington, Louisiana ; but the specimens were doubtless cultivated.

Psoralea, Linn, should doubtless be referred to the tribe Hedysarese; as Mr.
Benthara has suggested.

Tribe VIL GENISTE^.. DC.

Corolla papilionaceous. Stamena 10, monadelphous : anthers of
two forms. Legume continuous, l-celled, sometimes intercepted in-
ternally, but not jointed. Radicle incurved or infiexed. — Herbs or
shrubs. Leaves simple or palmately compound, not stipellate.

45. GENISTA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 619 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 145.
Calyx bilabiate ; the upper lip 2-parted, the lower 3-toothed. Vexillum
oblong-oval : keel oblong, straight, scarcely including the stamens and style.
Stamens monadelphous ; the sheath entire : the 5 alternate anthers shorter.
Legume compressed, or rarely somewhat turgid, many-seeded, not glandu-
lar.— Shrubby or suffruticose plants, with simple leaves and yellow flowers.

1. G. tindoria (Linn.): root creeping; .stems somewhat erect ; the
branches terete, striate ; leaves lanceolate, nearly glabrous ; flowers in spicate
racemes; legumes, as well as the corolla, glabrous. DC. — Linn. spec. 2. p.
710 ; Ensl.bot. t. 44 ,• Bigel. I Jl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 267.

On hills, &c. near Salem, Massachusetts, Bigelow ! Also at Danvers, Mr.
Oakes! Introduced from Europe, but naturalized. June-July. — Dyefs-
weed. Wood-waxen.

46. CROTALARIA. Linn. ; Geertn.fr. t. 148 ; Lam. ill. t. 617.

Calyx 5-cleft, somewhat bilabiate ; the upper lip 2-, the lower 3-cleft.

Vexillum very large, cordate : wings foveolate-plicate towards the base : keel

falcate, pointed or rarely obtuse. Stamens monadelphous ; the sheath cleft or'

the upper side : anthers opposite the sepals oblong, the 5 alternate ones smaller

47

370 LEGUMINOS^. Crotalaria.

and roundish. Legume turgid, the valves ventricose-inflated. Seeds usu-
ally several, compressed, renitbrm. — Herbaceous or shrubby plants. Leaves
simple or palmalely compound. Flowers racemose, usually yellow. Brac-
teoles usually 1-2 at the base of the calyx.

The few Nortli American species of this large genus are herbaceous, with sim.
pie leaves, few-flowered racemes opposite the leaves, and much inflated several-
seeded legumes, which turn blackish when fully ripe.

1. C. sagittalis (Limn.) : annual, hairy; stein erect, branching; leaves
oval or oblong-lanceolate, scarcely petioled ; stipules united and decurrent on
the stem, obversely sagittate ; peduncles rather sliort, about 3-flowered ; co-
rolla rather shorter than the calyx ; legume scarcely stipitate. — Linn. ! spec.
2. p. 714 ,• Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 55 (var. oblonga) ,• Prirsh ! fl. 2. p. 469 ,- ElU
sk. 2. p. 293; DC. prodr. 2. p. 124,- Dartingt. fl. Ccst. p. 404. C. parvi-
flora, Both ; Wiild. spec. 3. p. 973 .'' C. platycarpa. Link., enum. 2. p. 221.

Dry sandy banks and roadsides, Connecticut ! and New York ! to Flori-
da ! Louisiana ! and Arkansas ! common. May-July. — Stem 4-8 inches,
or sometimes a foot or more in height, hirsute. Leaves 1—2 inches long, va-
rying from oval to lanceolate, ])ubescent with long soft hairs. Stipules of
nearly all, but especially of the upper leaves, large, the free portion triangular-
laiiceolate ; occasionally the stipules are wholly wanting. Seeds small,
shining, at length becoming loose and rattling in the parchment-like inflated
legume. — Ratdehox.

2. C. Purshii (DC.) : perennial, minutely hirsute with short and stiff
much appressed hairs, or at length almost glabrous ; stems branching, erect;
leaves linear or linear-oblong, nearly sessile ; stipules narrowly decurrent,
the free portion subulate ; peduncles elongated, 3— 7-flowered ; corolla as long
as the calyx. — DC. I. c. 1 C. lasvigata, Pursh I. c. ? not of Lam. C. par-
viflora, Pursh, I. c. ; Ell. I. c. ; DC. I. c, not of Rodi.

" In damp or shady soils," S. Carolina ! to Alabama ! Florida and Lou^
isiana ! April-July. — ^Stem 8-18 inches high. Leaves 2-3 inches long,
linear and very narrow ; the lower ones shorter and broader, oblanceolate or
oblong, acute at the base. Peduncles often 6-8 inches in length. Flowers
about the size of those of the preceding species. — The C. parviflora of Roth,
judging from his description, must be something different from this species,
ancl more probably belongs to C. sagittalis. This is, however, the C. parviflora
of Pursh (who lias slightly altered the character of Willdenow), and of El-
liott. As to C. liEvigata, Pursh, as well as the figure cited from Plukenet, we
are in doubt whether they do not belong to C. sagittalis : but the character of
C. Purshii is most probably drawn from the present species. The plant is
decidedly perennial. Should C. sagittalis prove to be sometimes jierennial,
as is perhaps the case, no important character would remain to distinguish
the present species.

3. C. oralis (Pursh) : perennial, hairy ; stems branching from the base,
diffuse, decumbent ; leaves oval or elliptic, on A'ery short but distinct pe-
tioles; stipules small, those at the base of the branches usually larger and
decurrent, the others minute and subulate or often wanting ; peduncles
elongated, 3-6-flowered ; corolla as long as the calyx ; legnme shortly stipi-
tate.— Pursh, I. c. ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 194 ; Nutf. gen. 2. p. 94 ; DC. I. c. ;
Hook. hot. mag. t. 3006 (from Mexican seeds). C. sagittalis /?. ovalis,
Michx. ! I. c.

In dry barren soils, N. Carolina ! to Florida ! and Louisiana ! May-
July. — Root fusiform, long. Leaves about an inch long, roundish-oval, pu-
bescent with rather soft appressed hairs. Peduncles sometimes 6-10 inches

LupiNus. LEGUMINOSiE. 371

in leiiffth. Flowers rather larger than in C. sagiltalis ; from which the spe-
cies is wholly dislinct.

47. LUPINUS. Tvurn. ; Gfertn. fr. I. 150 ; J. G. Agardh, synop,
gen. Lupin. (1835.)
Calyx deeply bilabiate, often 2-bracteolate ; the upper lip 2-fleft or
toothed, or rarely entire ; the lower entire or 3-toothed. Vexilluni with the
sides reflexed : wings foveolate-plieale towards the base, united at the sum-
mit : keel falcate, acmuinate. Stamens monadclplious ; the shealli entire :
alternate filaments longer : the 5 anthers opposite the sepals oblong and earlier
matured ; those opposite the petals roundish or reniform and later. Stigma
bearded. Legume coriaceous, somewhat oblong, more or less compressed,
often torulose or intercepted with cellular partitions. Cotyledons fleshy. —
Herbaceous or rarel}'' shrubby plants. Leaves palmately 5-15-foliolate, or
rarely reduced to a single leaflet. Stipides eidier free or adnate to the
petiole. Flowers in terminal racemes or spikes. — Lupine.

§ 1. Annual : leaflets several : legumes more or less interrupted or constricted
between the seeds, dehiscent the following year.

* Legumes intercepted with cellular partitions between the seeds : cotyledons
thick and large, sessile or nearly so in germination : primordial leaves
evident in the seed, opposite. Agardh.

t Stena somewhat naked : spike elongated, with numerous flowers in regular
whorls : seeds elliptical, compressed, smooth. Agardh.

1. L. Menziesii (Agardh) : flowers verticellate in a very long spike, pedi-
cellate ; die pedicels about the length of the somewhat setaceous persistent
bracts ; calyx without bracteoles, the lips entire ; the upper one scarious,
about half the length of the lower herbaceous one. Agardh ! syn. gen. Lu-
pin. jJ' 2; Hook. S^' Am. ! hot. Bccchey, suppl. p. 335.

California, Douglas! — Silky-pu])escent. Peduncle elongated. Leaflets
obovate-S])atulate, nearly half the length of the petiole, the apex mucronate
and recurved. Whorls distant. Calyx pubescent. Corolla yellow.

2. L. microcarpus (Sims) : flowers verticillate in an elongated spike,
nearly sessile ; bracts subulate, persistent ; about the length of the somewhat
2-cleft upjjer lip of the ebracteolate cah'x, and about half the length of the 3-
toothed lower lip. Agardh. — Sims, hot. mag. t. 2413 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 408 ;
Agardh! I. c. ; Hook. S)' Am. L. c.

California, Douglas ! — This species is a native of Chili, and Agardh re-
marks that he cannot distinguish the Calilornian specimens, except that the
flowers are jierhaps a little smaller and the petioles longer. Leaves clustered
at the base of the stem. Stem about a foot high, and with the ])etiolcs and
lower surface of the leaves, a little -sillous. Calj-x densely villous. Corolla
puriilish-blue : vexillum yellowish in the centre, with purple spots. Le-
gume 2-seeded.

3. L. densiflorus (Benth.) : flowers verticillate in a dense spike, subses-
sile ; bracts persistent, reflexed, about the length of the corolla ; calyx
ebracteolate ; the upper lip emarginate, half the length of the very villous 3-
toothed lower one. Agardh. — Benth.! in hort. trans, {n. ser.) 1. p. 409 ;
Lindl. hot. reg. t. 1669 ; Agardh ! I. c. p. 3 ; Hook. Sf Am. ! I. c.

372 LEGUMINOSiE. Lufinus.

California, Douglas ! — A slouter plant than the preceding, and more
villous willi long soft hairs. Leaflets oblong-spatulate. Flowers white,
stained wil]i ])ink. Legumes villous, 2-seeded.

t t Stem leafy, branching : leaflets mostly spatulate : flowers somewhat verti-
cillate, bracteolate : upper lip of the calyx 2-cleft or 2.parted : seeds large,
somewhat reniform, compressed, colored, roughish. Agardh.

4. L. liirsuiisfiimus (Benth.) : very hirsute with bristly hairs ; stem low,
nearly erect ; leaflets obovate-cuneifbmi, mucronulate ; stiimles subulate ;
flowers mostly alternate, on short pedicels ; bracts sul)ulate, about the length
of the calyx ; bracteoles caducous ; lips of the calyx nearly equal ; the upper
one deeply 2-cleft, the lower entire. — Benth. ! in hart, trans. I. c. jj. 409 ;
Agardh ! I. c. ^5. 4.

California, Douglas ! — A very distinct hut not ornamental species, clothed
throughout with long and rigid spreading bristly hairs. Flowers reddish-
purple.

5. L. gracilis (Agardh) : small, difTuse, very hairy; leaflets minute,
obovate-cuneiform, canaliculate ; peduncle short ; flowers on short pedicels,
few, alternately disposed along the very flexuous racliis ; bracts setaceous,
persistent, longer than the pedicels ; calyx bracteolate ; the upper lip 2-parted,
the lower somewhat 3-toothed ; legumes hirsute, about 5-seeded. — Agardh !
I. c. J}. 15, t. 1, f. 2, not of Nutt. L. microphyllus, Nutt. ! mss. not of
Desrouss.

California, Douglas ! Plains of St. Diego, Nuttall ! — Plant 4-6 inches
high. Leaflets 4-5 lines in length, hirsute, many times shorter than the pe-
tioles. Flowers 7-10, at length rather remote. Corolla blue and white,
Nutt. (purplish-rose color, Agardh); the wings longer than thevexillum. — A
small and very distinct species, allied to L. bicolor.

6. L. concinnus (Agardh) : small, very densely villous with soft whitish
hairs ; leaves mostly radical ; leaflets spatulate ; stipules subulate-setaceous ;
flowers a little alternate, in a close ovate spike, on very short pedicels ; bracts
linear-subulate, shorter than the mostly ebracteolate calyx; the upjjer lip 2-
cleft, the lower entire or 3-denticulate. — Agardh ! I. c. p. 6, t. 1,/. 1 ; Hook.
S^' Am. ! I. c.

California, Douglas ! — Plant 4-6 inches high, densely clothed wdth very
long hairs ; those of the leaves equal to the width of the leaflets themselves.
Flowers violet, with a yellow spot on the vexillum.

7. L. snbcarnosus (Hook.) : stem silky pubescent ; leaflets 5 [7], obovate-
lanceolate, obtuse or retuse, somewhat fleshy, glabrous above, silky beneath
and on the margins ; stipules setaceous-subulate ; raceme pyramidal ; pedi-
cels alternate, about the length of the flowers ; calyx silky, bracteolate ; the
upper lip shorter, 2-cleft ; the lower lanceolate and 3-toothed at the apex, the
intermediate tooth longest ; vexillum orbicular, deep blue, with a white spot
in the middle divided by a longitudinal fold. Hook. ! hot. mag. t. 3467.

Bejar, Texas, Berendier, (Berlandier ?) ex Hook. Brazoria, Drmnmond!
— Stem 8-10 inches high. Legumes linear-oblong, about li inch in length,
silky-tomentose, 4-5-seeded. Hook. — In the wild sjiecimens the young
leaflets are hairy on both sides.

8. L. Texensis (Hook.) : stem silky-pubescent ; leaflets 5, lanceolate, ra-
ther acute, glabrous above, silky beneath and on the margins ; stipules subu-
late ; raceme pyramidal ; pedicels alternate, as long as the flowers ; calyx
silky, bracteolate ; the upper lip shorter, 2-cleft, tJie lower acuminate and
entire ; vexillum orbicular, deep blue, with a white spot in the middle divi-

LupiNus. LEGUMINOS^. 373

ded by a lonfjiliidinal fold. Hook. hot. mas. (• 3492. L. bimaculatus, Don,
in Brit.Jl. ^ard. (scr. 2.) t. 314 ? not of Lain.

San Fflipf, Texas, Dnonmojul. — Much resoniblos L. subcamosus, but
appears disliiict : its habit stouter, tiie leaves neither lleshy nor retuse, the
flowers deeper colored, and llie wings more projecting. Hook.

1 1 t Stem somewhat decumbent, leafy : leaflets mostly linear, canaliculate : flow-
ers alternate or verticellatc : upper lip of the calyx 2-parted : seeds roundish,
turgid, colored, smooth. Agardh.

y. L. nanus (Dougl.) : somewhat liair}-, low ; stems decumbent ; leaflets
linear-spatulate ; raceme elongated, the flowers verticillate ; bracts lanceo-
late, as long as the flowers, caducous ; caljx silky, ebracteolate ; the u])per
lip 2-clcft, the lower emarginate. — Benth. ! I.e. p. 409, /. 14,y. 2 ; JJon,
in Brit.Jl. gard. (ser. 2.) I. 257 ; Agardh! I. c. p. 11.

Calit()rnia, Douglas ! — Stems 6-8 inches higli. Flowers large, regularly
verticillate in somewluit distant wliorls, bluish-i)uq)le. Legumes about 3-
seeded, silky-i)ubescent when youug.

10. L. le}Ho])hyllus (Benth.) : hairy ; stems erect ; leaflets narrowly li-
near ; raceme spicate, with the flowers ai)])roximate and somewhat alternate ;
bracts linear-subulate, villous, much longer than the flowers and comose be-
fore their expansion ; calyx minutely bracteolate ; the upper li]) 2-parted, the
lower 3-toothed. — Benth. ! I. c. p. 409 ; Lindl. ! hot. rcg. 1. 1670 ; Agardh !
I. c.p. 11.

California, Douglas ! — Stems 1-2 feet high, sparsely hirsute with spread-
ing hairs. Leaflets very narrow, 1-1^ inch long. Flowers bluish-lilac, with
a deep crimson stain on the middle of the vexillum.

11. L. truncatus (Nutt. ! mss.) : pubescent with appressed hairs, at length
almost glabrous ; leaflets 5-7, linear, attenuate at tlie base, truncate or some-
what 3-toothed at the apex ; stipules minute, linear, short ; raceme elongat-
ed, the flowers alternate ; bracts shorter than the pecUcels, subulate, persis-
tent ; calyx bracteolate, the upper lip 2-parted, the lower minutely 3-toothed
or entire ; legume hirsute, elongated, 6-7-seeded. — Hook. S^ Arn. ! hot.
Beechey, suppl. p). 336.

St. Francisco, California, Douglas ! St. Diego, Nuttall ! — " Flowers
deep purple, small ; the vexillum shorter than the wings. Leaflets rather
succulent, long and narrow." Nutt. — Resembles L. linifolius and L. angus-
tifolius, to which latter species an imperfect specimen from CaHfomia is doubt-
fully referred by Agardh.

** Legumes constricted but scarcely interrupted between the seeds: cotyle-
dons smaller and less thick, petiolate in germination : primordial leaves not
evident before gerinination, alternate. Agardh.

-I — 12. L. micranthus (Dougl.)- : hairy ; leaves narrowly lanceolate, canalicu-
late ; peduncle elongated ; flowers somewhat verticillate (few), on very short
pedicels ; cal^'x bracteolate, the upper lip 2-cleft ; the lower entire, a little
shorter than the petals ; legumes 6-seeded. Agardh. — Dougl. ! in hot. rcg.
t. 1251 ,• Agardh, I. c. p. 14.

In gravelly ])laces, along the southern tributaries of the Oregon, and in the
interior of California, Douglas ! — Differs from L. bicolor, according to Doug-
las, in flowering from 4 to 6 weeks earlier, in bemg more slender, in the
shorter wings of the corolla, nearly sessile flowers, fleshy leaves, larger pods,
the color and size of the seeds, and granulated roots ; to wliich Agardli adds
the leaves glabrous on the upper surface ; but Niittall remarks tliat tlie roots

374 LEGUMINOS^. Lupincs.

of L. bicolor are often granulated, and the upper surface of the lower leaves
is nearly sniootli. In the dried stale the two plants do not appear very
distinct.

13. L. bicolor (Lindl.) : hairy ; leaflets narrowly somewhat lanceolate,
canaliculate ; peduncle elongated, the flowers somewhat verticillate ; calyx
ebracteolate, the upper Up 2-cleft ; the lower entu-e, half the length of the
wings, scarcely loneer than the ])edicels ; legumes 6-7-seeded. Agardh. —
Lindl. hot. reg. t. 1109 ,- Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 162 ; Agardh ! I. c.
f. 14.

In the shade of pine trees, Oregon, common, Douglas ! Nuttall ! Also in
California, Menzies ! Douglas /—Stems low, procumbent, brandling. Sti-
pules long, subulate. Flowers blue and white, verticillate in a short raceme ;
the wings much longer than the vexillum.

14. L. pusillus (Pursh.) : very hirsute, dwarf, much branched from the
base ; leaflets 5-7, lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, narrowed at the base, the upper
surface nearly glabrous ; raceme spicate, on a short peduncle, the flowers al-
ternate ; bracts nearly the length of the calyx, persistent ; calyx ebracteolate ;
the upper lip 2-cleft, shorter than the obscurely 3-toothed lower one ; legumes
hirsute, about 2-seeded.— Pursh! fl. 2. p. 468; Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 93;
Torr. ! in ann. lye. NewYorJc, 2. j). 191 ; HooJc! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 162 ;
Agardh ! I. c. p. 15.

Barren argillaceous plains of the Missouri, Lewis ! Nuttall ! Dr. James !
and on the barren grounds of the Oregon, Douglas! — Plant 4-6 inches high.
Stipules adnate. "Raceme scarcely longer than the leaves, 8-12-flowered.
Corolla bright blue.

§2. Perennial: leaflets several: legumes dehiscent at maturity ; the valves
often tivisting spirally.

* Legumes several-seeded : seeds somewhat ovate; the hilum occupying nearly
the whole narrower extremity of the seed : cotyledons erect and petiolate in
germination : primordial leaves not evident in the seed, alternate : stem
annual or persistent, not shrubby. Agardh.

t Stem mostly tall and erect, fistulous, somewhat glabrous, herbaceous : stipules
setaceous : racemes much elongated : flowers not very large : calyx mostly
ebracteolate, the lips nearly entire. Agardh,

15. L. minimus (Dougl.) : small ; stem somewhat leafless; le£iflets7-9, ob-
ovate-lanceolate, silky on both sides ; stipules setaceous ; flowers somewhat
verticillate in an elongated spike ; bracts nearly as long as the calyx ; calyx
ebracteolate ; the upper lip somewhat 2-cleft, the lower 3-deniiculate ; keel
ciliate. Agardli. — Hook.fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 163 ; Agardh! I. c. p. 16.

Mountain vallies near Kettle Falls, and along the Oregon near the Rocky
Mountains, Douglas ! (v. sp. in herb. Lindl.) — Plant 6-8 inches high, silky-
pubescent ; the leaves nearly all from the base. Scape 1-2-leaved : spike
densely flowered. Flowers purplish.

16. L. lepidus (Dougl.) : stem few-leaved ; leaflets 7-9, linear-lanceo-
late, silky on both sides ; stipules setaceous-filiform ; flowers somewhat scat-
tered in a much elongated sjiike ; bracts nearly equalling the calyx ; calyx
bracteolate, the upper lip somewhat 2-cleft, the lower entire ; keel ciliate.
Agardh. — Dougl! in hot. reg. t. 1149 ; Hook. ! I. c. ; Agardh! I. c. p. 17.

Oregon from Fort Vancouver to the valleys of the Blue Mountains,
Douglas ! Mr. Tolmie ! — Plant a foot or more in height, very silky. Si^ike

LupiNUS. LEGUMLNOSi^E.

37 J

very many-flowered ; the upper flowers sonnwliai vrrii. illaic C.ilvx liir-
sute. Corolla violet.

17. L. poh/pln/lliis (Lindl.) : tall; slim -niiiniiiisli, umsilv strinie; itaflcts
13-15, laiifcdliite, nearly chibroiis above, t;ilky-pni)esf(i)l bcneatli ; stipules iri-
angular-sn!)ulate ; flmver.s in a very long raceme, scattered ; bracts sborier
than the pedicels, very caducous; calyx ebracteolate, silky, the lips tnarlv
entire ; keel slfibrous ; leeiimes densely hairy. — Lindl. ! hoi. re/r. I. 1097, iy
(/?. albiflonis) /. 1377 ; Hook. ! fl. Bof.-Ant.'l. p. 1G4 ; J/rardli ! I c. p. 17.

/?. grand ijhlius : leaflets 9-11 ; stipules broader ; flowers somewhat ver-
ticillat^e, in a more dense raceme ; calyx more jiubescent. — L. grandifolius,
Lindl..' in Agardh ! I. c. p. 18. L. polyphyllus. Hook. A- Arn. hot.
Beechei/, ]}. 138.' excl. syn. L. macrophyllus, Bcnth. mss. ; Don, in Brit,
fi. gar'd. (ser. 2.) t. 356. "

In rich often overflowed plains near the moutli of the Oregon and at Piicet
Sound; common, Don irlas ! Dr. Scolder .' jS'iittull! 0. Califi)niia, Doug-
las ! — A tall showy plant (3-5 feet high), with racemes of blue or j)urpie,
sometimes wliite flowers a foot or more in length ; now common in gardens.
Flowers large, on rather long pedicels ; the u])i)er ones somewliat verticillate.
The L. grandifolius, Lindl. is said to retain its characters in cultivation.

18. Z. Za///o//MS (Agardh): tall; stem very smooth and sinning, glabrous;
leaflets 5-7, obovate, narrowed at the base, glabrous above, and nearly so
beneath ; stipules setaceous ; bracts longer than the flowers, setaceous ; ra-
ceme on an elongated peduncle, long, the flowers scattered ; calyx ebracte-
olate, silky, the lips nearly entire; keel glabrous. Agardh ! I. c. p. 18;
Lindl. hot", reg. t. 1891.

California, Douglas! — Stem not striate, stout. Pedicels the length of the
flowers. Flowers purplish-violet.

19. L. cytisoides (Agardh) : tall ; stem striate, a little scabrous, branch-
ing ; leaflets 7-9, obovate-lanceolate, glabrous above, pubescent beneath ;
stipules setaceous ; flowers in a long loose long-jiedunculaie raceme, scattered ;
bracts setaceous, scarceh'' longer tJian the pedicels ; calyx ebracteolate, pu-
bescent, the lips nearly entire ; keel glabrous. Agardh ! I. c. p. 18.

California, Douglas \ — Pedicels longer than the flowers. Bracts not very
caducous. Flowers yellow ?

20. L. parviflorus (Nutt. ! mss.) : tall, erect, branching; somewhat liirsute-
pubescent, or at length glabrous ; leaflets .5-9, oblong-obovate, obtuse or some-
times acute, longer than the petiole ; stipules minute, setaceous, somewhat
persistent ; racemes elongated ; flowers (small) somewhat scattered ; bracts
subulate, about the length of the pedicels, caducous; calyx silky-pubescent,
minutely bracteolate ; the lips nearly eijual, the upper one 2-tooihed, the
lower entire ; keel ciliate ; legume liirsute, 2-3-seeded. — Hook, if Arn. ! hot.
Beechey, suppl. p. 336.

" Plains of the Hocky Mountains towards the Oregon, Nuttall! Between
Henry and Smith's Rivers, Snake Country', Mr. Toln,ie ! — " A ver\' distinct
large and branching species, with long, ratlier crowded racemes of small j)ale
blue flowers, and large smooth leaves; the leaflets often li inch in length
and half an inch wide, broader upwards. Pedicels rather shorter than the
flowers : keel small." Nuttall.

i t Stems somewhat decumbent, loose, leafy, herbaceous, but somewhat persis-
tent ; stipules mostly large ; racemes thick and dense : flowers largo : calyx
mostly bracteolate ; the lips more or less cleft. Agardh.

21. L. Nootkatensis (Donn) : stem herbaceous, ^^llous with long spread-
ing hairs ; leaflets obovate-oblong, glabrous abo%e, shorter than the jietiole ;

376 LEGUMINOS^- Lupinus.

stipules somewhat lanceolate, nearly as long as the leaflets ; bracts longer
than the unexpanded somewhat verticillate flowers ; calyx minutely bracte-
olate, the upper lip somewhat 2-cleft ; keel glabrous. — Bonn, cat. Cantab. ;
Pursh ! fl. 2. p. 467 ; Bot. mag. t. 1311, Sf 2136 ; DC prodr. 2. p. 408 ;
Hook.fl, Bar. -Am. 1. p. 163 ; Agardh! I. c. p. 21. L. Nutkanus, Spreng.
syst. 3. p. 227. L. regius, Rudolph ! (ex spec, in hcrh. Lamb.)

p. giaber (Hook. 1. c.) : nearly glabrous.

North West Coast, Menzies ! Douglas ! Unalaschka, Rudolph ! Pallas !
{Pursh .') p. Rocky Mountains in lat. 55°, Drummond, ex Hook. — Flowers
very large, in a loose raceme. Corolla blue, variegated with red and yellow
veins.

22. L. affinis (Agardh) : stem herbaceous, clothed with scattered spread-
ing hairs ; leaflets 7, obovate, attenuate at the base, pubescent on both sides,
shorter than the petiole ; stipules setaceous, about half as long as the leaflets ;
bracts equalling the unexpanded verticillate flowers ; calyx bracteolate, the
upper Up deeply 2-cleft ; keel ciUate. Agardh ! I. c. p. 20. (excl. syn. ?)

California, Douglas ! (v. sp. in herb. Lindl.) — Differs from L. Nootka-
tensis, according to Agardh, in the much shorter and more sparse pubescence,
the leaflets pul^escent on both surfaces, the shorter and more obtuse bracts,
smaller (blue) and more regularly whorled flowers, more evidently bracteo-
late calyx, with the upper lip almost 2-parted, &c.

23. L. versicolor (Lindl.) : stem ligneous at the base, decumbent, silky ;
leaflets 9, obovate-linear, silky, the margins canescent, shorter than the pe-
tiole ; stipules setaceous, hairy ; flowers verticillate ; calyx somewhat brac-
teolate, the upper lip emarginate ; keel ciliate ; legumes villous. Lindl. !
bot. reg. t. 1979.

California, Douglas, (v. sp. cult.) — Stem about 2 fe^et laigh, much
branched. Flowers variable in color, laetween rose-color, violet, pale blue,
greenish white, and pink on the same raceme. Liridl. — Allied to L.
rivularis.

t t t Stems procumbent, persistent : calyx ebracteolate, veiy deeply bilabiate :
keel ciliate. Agardh.

24. L. rivularis (Lindl.) : stems a little shrubby, decumbent, sericeous ;
leaflets 7-9, narrowly obovate and elongated, slightly emarginate, as long as
the petiole ; stipules somewhat falcate ; raceme elongated, loosely flowered ;
the flowers mostly verticillate, bluish lilac-color ; calyx very deeply bilabi-
ate, ebracteolate, the lips almost entire. Agardh. — Lindl..' bot. reg. t.
1595 ,- Agardh! I. c. p. 24. L. labiatus, Nutt. .' mss.

California, Douglas ! Nuttcdl .'—Stems leafy, 2-4 feet in length, when
young (as also the leaves and calyx) minutely silky and shining. Leaflets
narrowly obovate-spatulate, obtuse, mucronulate. Bracts very caducous.
Pedicels rather shorter than the calyx. Flowers very large. Legume
many-seeded. — Except in the color of the flowers, this species is scarcely to
be distinguished from L. arboreus, which Mr. Nuttall suspects may have
had a Californian origin. This is perhaps the L. arboreus p. odoratissimus
of Fischer & Meyer (irid. sem. St. Petersb. 1835). which they state to be the
L. sericeus of Eschscholtz (in mem., acad. St. Petersb. 10. p. 589) ; while
the L. sericeus. Hook. S^- Am., bot. Bcechey, is, as they conceive, L. Cha-
missonis, Esch.

* * Legumes i-^-seeded : seeds roundish, the kilum somewhat oblique : steins
mostly persistent and silky.

25. L. perennis (Linn.) : stem herbaceous, minutely pubescent ; leaflets

Lupin L's. LEGUMINOSiE. 377

7-9, obovatc-oblonfj, ol)tu.se, somewlial niiK-ronatc, plabrous above, slightly
puljesoeiit beneath ; .stipules setaceous, minute, deciduous ; flowers some-
what scattered, in a long loose raceme ; bracts shoner than the pedicels,
subulate, caducous ; calyx often bracieolate ; the upper lij) {gibbous at the
base, emarginate, the lower nearly entire ; keel ciliate. — Linn. ! spec. 2. p.
721 ,• Mkiix. ! fl. 2. p. 55 ; Bol. nia(r. t. 202 ; Pursh ! Jl. 2. p. 467 ; Barl.fl.
N. Amer. 2. /. 08 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 408 ; Richards, appx. FrankL journ.
ed. 2. p. 27 ; Huok.Jl. Bur.-Am. \. p. 1(!3; Darlin^t.Jl. Ccsl.p>. 431.

0. stem and petioles clothed with long spreading hairs.

y. smaller and more slender, hairy ; lower stipules long and setaceous,
somewhat persistent. — L. gracilis, yitU.! in jour. acad. Pliilad. 7. p. 115,
not of AuarrlJi.

Woodlands in liglit or sandy soil, Canada ! to the Southern States ! com-
mon. Also at Ca])c 3Iulgrave, Behring's Straits {Beechey) and Shores of
the Arctic Sea, Richardson, according to Hooker. 0. Fort Gratiot, Michigan,
Dr. Pitcher! y. South Carolina ! Georgia! and Alabama ! June. — Stem
erect, rather stout, striate, 1-2 feet high. Leaflets attenuate at the base.
Peduncle naked : raceme 4-10 inches long. Flowers large, showy, purplish-
blue. Bracteoles of the calyx very minute and caducous, or often wanting.
Legume very hirsute with appressed hairs. Seeds variegated. — Mr. Oakes
finds a white-flowered variety, and the same is mentioned by Mr. Curtis in
his Catalogue. We have never seen the plant of Dr. Richardson : if it truly
belong to this species, it forms the only instance within our knowledge of a
phenogamous plant indigenous to the shores of the Gulf of Mexico and of the
Arctic Sea ! The lower stipules of this species are frerpiently rather persis-
tent and wholly similar to those of L. gracilis, Nutt., of which we have also
more glabrous forms. — Common Wild Lvpine.

26. L. laxijlorus (Dougl.) : stem somewhat persistent, minutely silky-
pubenilent, leafy ; leaflets 7-9 (rarely 11), linear-oblong, narrowed at the
base, rather obtuse and mucronate at the apex, silky-pubescent on both sides ;
stipules subulate-setaceous, caducous ; flowers scattered or a little verticillate
in a loose elongated raceme ; bracts aboul the length of the pedicels, cadu-
cous; calj'x minutely bracteolate ; the ujjper lip saccate or slightly spurred
at the base, minutely 2-toolhed a* the apex (entire, Agardh), the lower en-
tire ; keel naked or sliirhtly ciliate ; legumes silky ; 2-5 seeded. — Dougl. !
in bol. reg. t. 1140 ; Hook'.! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 164 ; Agardh ! I. c. p. 27.

0. foliosus : very leafy ; flowers a little smaller ; the calyx less saccate at
the base ; leaflets sometimes glabrous above. — L. foliosus, Nutt. ! inss.
L. arbuslus, Dougl. in hot. reg. t. 1230 ; Hook. I. c.

y. tenellus : stem slender, minutely puberulenl ; leaflets 5-7, linear ; ra-
ceme slender ; calyx gibbous or saccate at the base. — L. tenellus, Dougl. !
mss. in herb. Lindl. ; Agardh ! L c. L. laxiflonis /?. Hook. I. c. L. foliosus
/?. stcnophyllus, Nutt. ! 7nss.

Oregon, from Fort Vancouver to the Rocky Mountains, Douglas ! Dr.
Scouler ! Nuttall ! — Plant 1-2 feet high. Lea'flets about li in length (those
of the upper leaves as long as the petioles), canaUculate, arcuate. Flowers
pale blue, smaller than in L. perennis.^

27. L. argenteus (Pursh) : silvery-sericeous ; leaflets 7-9, obovate-
lanceolale, silky beneath, green and smoolliish above, shorter than the pe-
tiole ; stipules "subulate ;» flowers irregularly verticilla.te in a loose conical
raceme ; bracts filiform, twice the length of the corolla, caducous, very sil-
very, as well as the bracteolate calyx ; vexillum glabrous. Agardh ! I. c. —
L. argenteus, Pursh ?

Banks of the Kooskoosky River, Z,€?m. Flowers cream-colored, Pursh.
— " Stem ascending, obsoletely striate. Bracts long, silvery, somewhat co-

48

378 LEGUMINOS^. Lupinus.

mose. Flowers as large as in L. hirsutus. Upper lip of the calyx cleft at
the apex ; the lower entire, scarcely longer." Agardh. — The description of
Agardh is drawn from a specimen cultivated in the garden of the Londort-
Horticultural Society. Not having compared the two, wc are uncertain
whether it be the same with the fragment of L. argenteus preserved in Mr.
Lambert's herlnirinm ; nor are we well satisfied that the succeeding species
is distinct from it.

28. L. ornalus (Dougl.) : tall, silvery-sericeous ; leaflets 7-11, obovate-
linear, silky on both sides, half the length of the petiole ; stipules subulate ;
flowers verticillate in an elongated raceme, the whorls distant ; bracts lanceo-
late, acuminate, scarcely longer than the pedicels, caducous ; calyx bracteo-
■late ; vexillum silky-pubescent. Agardh. — Dougl. ! in hut. reg. t. 1216 ;

Brit.fl. gard. ser. 2. t. 212 ; Agardh ! I. c. p. 28.

Near the source of the Oregon ; also at Kettle Falls, and in the vallies of
the Spokan River, Douglas! (v. sp. in herh. Lindl.) — Stem 1-3 feet high.
Leaflets clothed with a close appressed hirsute silvery pubescence. Upper
lip of the calyx cleft at the apex ; the lower a little longer, obtuse, nearly en-
tire. Corolla blue, as large as in L. perennis, twice the length of the calyx.
— We doubt if the succeeding species be sufficiently distinct from this,
in which the leaflets are sometimes about the length of the petiole.

29. L. leucopsis (Agardh) : silky-tomentose with whitish hairs ; leaflets
7-9, lanceolate, as long as the petiole; stipules subulate, short; flowers
somewhat verticillate in a rather dense raceme ; bracts very caducous ; calyx
bracteolate ; vexillum silky-pubescent on the outside ; legimies tomentose. —
Agardh ! I. c. p. 29.

Oregon, Douglas ! (v. sp. in herh. Lindl.) — Stem tall, branching, whitish
with a very dense tomeutum. Upper lip of the calyx 2-toothed ; the lower
entire, about the length of tlie upper. Corolla blue, larger than in L. peren-
nis. Legume 4-seeded. Agardh.

30. L. alhicaulis (Dougl.) : fall, puberulent ; stem somewhat persistent ;
leaflets 7-9, oblanceolate, mucronate, minutely silky-puberulent on both
sides ; about the length of the petiole ; stipules minute, caducous ; flowers
somewhat verticillate or scattered, in a long dense raceme ; bracts subulate,
deciduous, about the length of the downy pedicels ; calyx silky ; the lips
elongated, nearly equal, the upper 2-cleft at the tip ; keel elongated, falcate,
glabrous.— ifooA;. .' fl. Bor.-Am. 1. x>- 165 ; Agardh! I. c. p.^2Q. L. falci-
fer, Nutt. ! mss.

Oregon, about Fort Vancouver, common, Douglas ! Nuttall ! — A large
showy species, with a long raceme of purple flowers, well distinguished by
its long curved keel. Mr. Nuttall's specimens wholly agree with those of
Douglas ; but the bracts are by no means persistent, as described by
Agardh, &c.

31. L. Sabinii (Dougl.) : stem tall, striate, nearly glabrous ; leaflets 8-11,
lanceolate, silky on both sides with fulvous hairs, rather longer than the pe-
tiole ; stipules long and setaceous ; flowers somewhat verticillate in a dense
thick raceme ; bracts subulate, equalUug the ebracteolate calyx ; keel ciliate.
Agardh. — Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 166. L. Sabinianus, Agardh! I. c.
p.'30.

On the Blue Mountains, Oregon ; and on the dividing ridge of the Rocky
Mountains, near the confines of perpetual snow, Douglas! (v. sp. in herh.
Lindl.) — Suftruticose ? Pedicels long. Calyx villous with yellow sUky
hairs ; the upper lip gibbous at the base, 2-toothed at the apex. Corolla yel-
low. Legumes very silky-villous. — This is said to be a very beautiful species.

32. L. sulphureus (Dougl.) : stem erect, sulcate, silky ; leaflets 13-15,

LupiNUS. LEGUMINOSiE. 379

narrowly lanceolate, densely sericeous on both sides, shorter than tlie petiole;
stipules subulate, short ; flowers soniewlial vertieillale in a dense thick ra-
ceme ; calyx ebractcolate ; keel glabrous. Agardh. — Uvok.Ji. Bor.-Am. \.
p. 166; Agardh! I. c.

On the Blue Mountains of Oregon, and near the source of Clarke's River,
Douglas! (v. sj). in herb. Lindl.) — This is said to resemble tlic foregoing, but
is a much slenderer and smaller [jlant, the leaflets (whitish) narrower and
more numerous, the flowers sin:dler and of a pale sulphur-color. Calyx
very silky.

33. L. scriceus (Pursh) : silky-villous ; leaflets 7-9, lanceolate, narrowed
at the base, rather longer than the jjetiole ; stipules minute, setaceous ; flow-
ers somewhat vertieillatc in an elongated raceme ; bracts about the length of
the flower-buds; calyx bracteolale ; corolla glabrous. Anardh. — Pursh. fl.
2. p. 468 ; DC. I. c. ; Hoolc.Jl. Bor.-Am. l.p. 164 ; Agardh ! I. c.f. 31 ;
Nutt.! in jour. acad. Ph'dad. 7. p. 17 ; Hook. S^'Arn. hot. Beechey, p. 138.?
L. Chamissonis, Esch. in mem. acad. St. Petersb. I. c. 6c in Linneea, 3. p.
151 ?

Banks of the Kooskoosky River, Lewis. Oregon? Douglas! On the
Flat-Head River and in the Rocky Mountains, Nuttall! Also in California?
— Corolla rose-color or pale purple, according to Pursh ; blue, according to
Nuttall. — Fischer and Meyer remark that tlie L. sericeus of Esclischollic is
the same with their L. arboreus j3. odoratissimus, w^hich is probal)ly L. rivu-
laris ; while they refer the L. sericeus of Hooker and Arnott to L. Chamis-
sonis, Esch. We have not the means of ascertaining by comparison whether
the Californian species has been correctly referred to L. sericeus of Pursh.

34. L. c(SspUosus (Nutt. ! rass.) : " dwarf, nearly stemless, silky-hirsute ;
leaflets 5-7, oblong-lanceolate, attenuate at the base, much shorter than the
petiole ; spike sessile, densely-flowered, much shorter than the leaves ; bracts
setaceous, deciduous ; calyx bracteolate, the upper lip 2-parted, the lower
obscurely 3-toothed ; legume villous, 3-4-seeded.

" In the grassy vallies of the Rocky Mountains, on the Sweet Water of the
'Platte and the Colorado of the West. — Plant 3-4 inches high, forming small
cfcspitose tufts. Stipules adnate, subulate. Flowers small, nearly sessile,
pale blue. Nuttall:'— PdVicA to L. aridus, Dougl., but the flowers are small-
er, the keel naked, &c. It also resembles L. pusillus.

35. L. aridus (Dougl.) : very silky-hirsute with fulvous hairs ; stem low,
much branched from the base ; leaflets 7, oblong-lanceolate, about one-third
the length of the petiole ; flowers in a conical very dense spike ; bracts subu-
late, rather persistent, shorter than the bracteolate calyx ; vexillum glabrous ;
keel lanuginous-ciliate ; legumes villous. Agardh. — Dougl. ! in hot. reg. t.
1242 ; Hook. I. c. ; Agardh! I. c. p. 31.

Dry sandy deserts of the Oregon, from the Great Falls to the sources of
the Missouri, Douglas ! (v. sp. in herb. Lindl.) — Stem scarcely a foot high.
Stipules subulate. Flowers irregularly verticillate, on short pedicels, rose-
color. Upper lip of the calyx 2-cleft, the lower entire. Corolla about one-
third longer than the calyx. Agardh.

36. L. leucopkyllus (Lindl.) : densely villous with a fulvous silky tomen-
tum ; stem elongated ; leaflets 7-9, linear-lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong,
acuminate, shorter than the petiole ; flowers crowded in an elongated very
dense subsessile spike ; bracts somewhat persistent, shorter than the expand-
ed subsessile flowers ; calvx bracteolate ; vexillun-i silky-pubescent external-
ly ; legumes densely villous, 4-5-seeded.— Z-i«c^/. .' bot. reg. t. 1124 ; Hook.
I.e.; Agardh! I. c. p. 31. L. densiflorus, Nutt. mss. (ex descr.) not of
Benth.

380 LEGUMINOS^. Lupinus.

Sandy deserts, from the Great Falls of the Oregon to the sources of the
Missouri, Doufrlas ! Mr. Wijeth. — A very fine stout species, every part (save
the petals) clothed with compact very soft fidvous hairs ; the leaflets 2 inches
or more in length. Stipules subulate, longer than the bracts. Spike the
most den-se of all the species, cylindrical, subsessile ; the flowers subsessile,
somewhat alternate. Upper lip of the calyx 2-cleft ; the lower entire, very
obtuse. Corolla white, tinged with pink, rather longer than the calyx. —
This species. Dr. Lindley remarks, should rank next to L. alopecuroides, a
native of the Andes.

37. L. plumosus (Dougl.) : densely villous whh a silvery silky tomentum ;
stem elongated ; leaflets [5-7] lanceolate, rather longer than the petiole ;
flowers in an elongated dense spike ; bracts subulate-filiform, twice as long
as the flowers, caducous ; calyx bracteolate ; vexillum silky-pubescent ex-
ternally ; legumes glabrous. Agardh. — Davgi. ! in hot. reg. t. 1217 ; Hook.
I. c. ; Agarc/h ! I. c. p. 32.

" In North California, lat. 45°, growing in gravelly soil, at the source of
the Wallawallali River, near the Blue Mountains." Douglas ' (v. sp. in
herb. Lindl. cy cult.) — Differs from the preceding in the more silvery downy
covering of the stem and leaves, the larger flowers in a much less crowded
spike, and in the much longer shaggy bracts, which give the unexpanded
portion of the raceme a comose appearance, &c. The leaflets are sometimes
as few as 3. Flowers white or rose-color. — In the dried specimens this spe-
cies seems quite distinct from L. leucophyllus, under which name it is, we
suspect, sometimes cultivated, as our specimens from the garden of the Lon-
don Horticultural Society are thus labelled. Indeed tliis name is more ap-
plicable to this tlian to the former species, in which the down of the leaves,
as well as of the stem &c., is usually fulvous.

* * * Shrubby : stems decumbent or ascending, ligneous,

38. L. alhifrons (Benth.) : shrubby, decumbent, very densely silvery-
sericeous ; leaflets 7-9, obovate-cuneiibrm, sliorter than the jietiole ; stipules
subulate ; flowers verticillate, with the whorls rather distant ; bracts lanceo-
late, acuminate ; calyx bracteolate ; the upper lip 2-cleft ; the lower entire ;
corolla nearly glabrous. Agardh. — Benth. ! in hort. trans, i. c. f. 410 ;
Lindl. ! hot. reg. t. 1642; Agardh! I. c. p. 33.

California, Douglas ! Nuttall ! — Stems 8-12 inches long, very leafy below.
Leaflets obtuse, mucronulale. Pedurfcle elongated. Lips of the calyx
nearly equal. Corolla rather large, blue : keel ciliate. Legumes silky,
4-5-seeded.

39. L. holosericeiis (Nutt. ! mss.) : frutescent ? " silvery-canescent, low,
decumbent ; leaflets 5-9, lanceolate, acute, narrowed at the base, arcuate,
densely silky-canescenl and silvery on both sides, mostly shorter than the
petiole ; stipules subulate ; flowers verticillate or somewhat scattered, ap-
proximate, small, on short pedicels; bracts lanceolate, shorter than the flow-
prs *, calyx bracteolate ; the upper lip slightly 2-cleft, the lower nearly the
same length and entire ; legumes silky, 3-4-seeded."

Islands and gravelly banks of the Wahlamet, Nuttall! — Stem 6-8 indies
high, leafy, branching. Leaflets of the upper leaves as long as the petiole.
Flowers about lialf the size of those of L. alhifrons, bright blue. Very
nearly allied to the preceding species, but with a marked difference in the
leaflets and size of the flowers : it does not agree with the more elongated
variety of that species with smaller flowers, mentioned by Agardh ; and it is
etill more different frona L. Douglasii.

40. L. Douglasii (Agardh) : shrubby, densely silky and fulvous ; leaflets

LupiNus. LEGUMINOSiE. 381

oblonjj-lanceolatc, silky on both sides, attenuate at both ends, sliortcr flian
llip pptiole ; stipules lonp, setarenus ; flowers irregularly vertieillate ; liraets
subulatc-tiliti)rui, loiiaer than llie flowers, cadiicous ; calyx bracleolatc ; the
upper lip almost 'i-parted, the lower 3-t(X)thed ; corolla nearly glabrous.
Agardh ! l. c. p. 34.

Calilbrnia, Douglas ! (v. s]). in herb. Lindl.) — The locality is omitted by
Agardli.

41. L.flrxuosns (Lindl.) : shrubby, ascending, silvery and silky ; stem very
flexuous ; leailels obovate-oblong, silky on i)olli sides, sliorter diati the i>etiole ;
stipules setaceous, minute; llowers in distant soTuewhat regular whorls;
bracts lanceolate, acuminate, longer than the tlower buds, caducous; calyx
bracteolate ; the upper lip somewhat •2-clert, the lower entire; vexillum
slightly sericeous. Agardh! I. c. p. 34.

Oregon, Duiiglas! {w sp. in herb. Lindl.) — Flowers smaller than in L.
perennis, blue : keel eiliate.

42. L. liltoralis (Dougl.) : shrubby, decumbent, silverv'-sericeous ; stem
filiform; leaflets elongated-obo\ate, silky on both sides, shorter than the pe-
tiole ; flowers somewhat scattered; calyx ebracteolate, both lips nearly en-
tire ; corolla glalirous ; legumes 10-12-seeded. Agardh. — Dovgl. ! in bot.
reg. t. 1198 ; Hool: bot. inag. t. 2952, S^- fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 164 ; Agardh !
I.e. ly. 36.

Rocky shores of Oregon from Cape Mendocino to Puget Sound, Douglas!
(v. sp. in lierb. Lindl.)— Flowera pedicellate, purple ; the vexilhnn yellow
in the middle, with jjurple spots. Legumes nearly li inch long. — The
granulated roots are farinaceous, and are used by the Chenook Indians as an
article of food, under the name of " Somuchtan." Dougl.

43. L. macrocarpxis (Hook. & Arn.) : suffruticose, leafy ; leaves on short
petioles ; leaflets about 7, lanceolate, very obtuse, attenuate at the base, gla-
brous above, silky with api)ressed hairs beneadi ; raceme many-flowered ;
flowers (verv large) rarely verticillate ; calyx, pedicels, and racliis silky ; le-
gumes linear-oblong, tumid, hirsute, 8-10-seeded. Hook. <^- Arn. hot.
Beechey, p. 138.

St. Francisco, California, Menzies. — " Tins does not correspond with any
described species, nor with any found by Mr. Douglas. The lower part of
the stem is decidedly shrubby," the leaves and legumes large in projwrtion to
the size of the plant, [and the flowers] apparently yellow when recent. Per-
haps, in habit, its nearest atlfinity is with L. littoralis, Dougl. ; but the leaves
are, in that plant, silky on both sides, the flowers differently colored, and the
legumes not half the size." Hook. ^' Arn.

44. L. decumbens (Torr.) : suffruticose, rather decumbent, minutely silky-
pubescent ; leaflets about 7, oblong-lanceolate, glabrous above, somewhat
silky beneath, about the length of \he petiole ; stipules subulate-setaceous,
minute ; racemes few-flowered ; the flowers scattered or somewhat verticil-
late, on short pedicels ; calyx bracteolate ; the lips a little unetiual, entire ;
legumes silky, 3-4-seedcd.— Torr. .' in ann. li/c. New York, 2. 73. 191.

On the southern branches of die Arkansas, Dr. James ! — Stems ca?spitose.
Flowers snjaller than in L. perennis, purple. Legumes about an inch
long.

§3. Perennial: leaves unifoliolate : legumes j^lane.

45. L. villosus ( Willd.) : densely silky -tomentose ; stem decumbent and
somewhat ligneous at the base ; leaves large, lanceolate-oblong, on long
woolly petioles ; stipules linear-subulate, very long ; flowers somewhat alter-

382 LEGUMINOSiE. Lupisus.

natcly disposed in a very long dense spike ; bracts nearly as long as the calyx,
deciduous ; calyx bracteolate, the upper lip 2-cleft, tlie lower denticulate or
entire ; legumes oblong, flattish, very densely woolly, 4-5-seeded. — IVilld. !
spec. 3. p.l029 ; Pursh.'fl. 2. jj. 4fi8, i. 21 ; NuU. ! gen. 2. p. 93 ; Ell. ! sk.
2. p. 191 ; DC. ! jjrodr. 2. p. 410 ; Agardh ! I. c. p. 41. L. pilosus,
Walt. ! Car. p. 180 ; Miclix. ! fl. 2. p. 56, not of Linn. L. integrifolius,
Desrouss. in Lam. diet, not of Linn.

fi. diffusus: stems more decumbent and diffuse; leaves shorter, oval, or
somewhat oblong-obovate, and, with the petioles and stems, densely sericeous
but scarcely tomentose ; bracts (especially the uppermost) much shorter than
the calyx. — L. diffusus, Nutt. ! gen. I. c. Sfmss. ; Ell. I. c.

In sandy barrens, N. Carolina ! to Florida ! common. March-April. —
Stems leafy towards the base, short. Leaflet (articulated with the petiole)
3-5 inches long (in /?. 2-3 inches) obtuse or a little attenuate at the base, about
the length of the petioles, and, with the stiirales and stems, very densely silky-
villous when young ; when old, losing a portion of the long hairs. Stipules
adnate at the base ; the free portion often an inch or more in length. Flowers
large, on very short pedicels, in a crowded pedunculate spike 6-12 inches in
length. Lips of the very silky calyx rather shorter than the corolla. Le-
gume an inch or more in length, veiy thickly clothed with long woolly hairs,
tipped with the persistent style. Seeds small, roundish, mottled. — Although
Mr. Nuttall, who has had the opportunity of examining the two plants in a
li\dng state, still considers his L. diffusus a distinct species, yet our numerous
specimens exhibit a manifest gradation from the L. diffusus, Nutt. to the largest
and most lanuginous states of L. villosus. The corolla is stated by Nuttall
to be " reddish purple, and variegated, with a dark spot or cloud in the cen-
tre of the vexillum" in L. villosus ; and "blue with a paler greenish spot on
the vexillum" in L. diffusus. Tlie bracts in the former are subulate-filiform
from a broad base, very woolly, and rather longer than the flower-buds ; in
the latter the lowermost are nearly similar, but those at the summit of the
spike are much shorter and only mucronate.

Tribe VIIL SOPHORE^. DC.

SophoreiE & Podalyriese, Benth.

Corolla papilionaceous. Stamens 10, distinct : anthers uniform.
Legume continuous, or frequently moniliform, but not jointed. Em-
bryo incurved or inflexed, or often straight. — Leaves unequally pin-
nate, palmate, or simple, not stipellate.

Mr. Bentham has established the Tribe Podalyrieae, to include those SophoreaB
of De Candolle that have simple or palmately compound leaves, the radicle in-
curved or inflexed, and the legumes dehiscent ; restricting the former tribe to
those with unequally pinnate leaves, mostly straiglit embryo, and indehiscent
legumes. The distinction is doubtless just ; but, since of our three genera of
true Sophorea;, the first two (viz : Sophora and Cladrastis) have the radicle
curved or bent, the second and third (Cladrastis and Cercis) have dehiscent
legumes, and the latter has simple leaves, we think it better not to make the
division in the present work. The true Sophoraffi are mostly trees or shrubs,
and the Podalyrieae almost wholly herbaceous plants.

1. Leaves palmately S.foliololate or simple : radicle incui-ved or in-
flexed : mostly herbs. (Podalyrieae, Benth.)

Bai'tisia. LEGUMlNOSyE. 383

48. BAPTISIA. Vent. gen. nov. p. 0 ; R. Dr. in hort. Kcw. {cd. 2.) .').
21. 6 ; Ell. sk. 1. 2'- 407 ; Bevfh. comm. Leg. gen. 2^. 2.

Calyx cainpanulate, 4-5-clcft at tfiu summit, pomcwliat bilabiate, persist-
ent. Vexillum rather shorter tban the A\ings or about tlic same len^'th,
orbicular, emarginate, the sides reflexed : wings oblong : keel sliglitly in-
curved, nearly as long as the wings ; the petals somewhat united. Stamens
deciduous. Ovary stipitate : ovules numerous : style slightly incurved,
attenuate-subulate : stigma minute. Legume by abortion mostly few-seed-
ed, stipitate, inflated. — Perennial herbs (all North American), witli simple or
palmately 3-foliolate leaves. Stipules distinct, often small or caducous.
Flowers large, in terminal racemes (often opposite the leaves), or sometimes
axillary and solitary : pedicels (except in a smgle species) ebracteolate.

§ 1. Leaves sm2)lc.

1. B. 2}crfolJn(a (R. Brown) : very glabrous ; leaves orbicular or some-
what oval, peribliate, glaucous ; flowers axillary, solitary (])alc yellow) ;
legumes hu-ge inflated" — R. Br. in hort. Keiv. 3. p. 5 ; Ell. sk. 1. p. 467 ;
DC. ! proclr. 2. p. 100 ; Hook. hot. mag. t. 3121. Crotalaria perfoUata, Linn.
S2^ec. 2. p. 714. C. perfoliata^ folio, &c. Dill. Elth.f. 122. Sophora perfoU-
ata, Walt. ! Car. p. 135. Rafnia perfoliata, Willd. spec. 3. p. 949. Poda-
lyria perfoliata, Miclix. ! fl. I. p. 263 ; Pursh ! fi. I. p. 207.

Dry sandy soil, S. Carolina ! and Georgia ! May-July. — Stem sparingly
branched. Flowers small. Seeds very small. — A singular species. The
jjerfoliate leaves would seem to consist of the leaf and stipules coalescent
into a single body.

2. B. microjjhylla (Nutt.) : leaves simple, sessile, roundish-cuneiform ;
the upper ones somewhat clasping ; stipules roundish ; flowers axillary, soli-
tary, legumes short, subglobose." Nutt. in jour. acad. Phi lad. 7. p. 97.

West Florida and the contiguous parts of Alabama. — JMuch branched.
Leaves scarcely an inch in length, and of about the same widlli, cuneate at
the base, where they are approached by the round leafy stipules. Near the
summit of the stem, one of the stipules, and sometimes both, coalesce in the
leaf, and thus present an amplexicaule base to the foliage. Peduncles .short.
Legumes conspicuously stipitate. Nuttcdl. — The flowers are unknown, and
the plant is described from tlie winter vestiges.

3. B. siinplicifolia (Croom) : glabrous ; leaves sessile, broadly oval or
ovate, obtuse, shining above, somewhat glaucous beneath ; stipules none ;
racemes elongated ; bracts ovate, about the length of the pedicels, persistent
(flowers yellow) ; legumes small, ovate. — Croom! in Sill. jour. 25. p. 74
(1833) ; Nutt. ! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 96.

Quincy, Middl^ Florida, Mr. Croom ! Dr. Chapman ! .June-Sept. —
Plant 2-3 feet high, turning black in drj'ing. Stem angled, striate, branclied
above. Leaves somewhatcoriaceous, 3-4 inches long and 2-3 wide. Ra-
cemes 4-6 inches long ; the flowers rather crowded, a little larger IJian those
of B. tinctoria. Pedicels shorter than the flowers. Cal^-x 4-clelt ; the upper
segment 2-toothed. Ovary minutely canescent. Legumes about half an
inch long : stipe scarcely exserted.

§ 2. Leaves palmately 3-foliolate.

4. B. lanceolata (Ell.) : mitiutely pubescent or nearly glabrous ; stem

384 LEGUMINOSiE. Baptisia.

much branched, flexuous ; leaves nearly sessile ; leaflets oblanceolate or
cuneiform-spatuiate, somewhat petioluiate^ very obtuse, reticulated ; glabrous
above, puberulent beneath ; stipules very minute, caducous ; flowers (ob-
scure yellow) axillarv, solitary, on short pedicels ; legumes ovate-globose,
large and thick— M. sJc. 1. p. 467 ; DC! prodr. 2. p. 100. B. uniflora,
Nutt. ! I. c. Sophora lanceolata, Walt. ! Car. p. 135. Podalyria uniflora,
Michx. I fl. 1. p. 263.

0. large, nearly glabrous ; leaflets oval-oblong, tapering at each end, par-
ticularly at the base, rather obtuse ; 'the terminal flowers two or three
together.

"y. more pubescent; leaflets cuneiform-obovate, often retuse ; the lower
flowers axillary ; the others usually forming short racemes at the extremity
of the branches ; bracts of the upper flowers subulate, as long as the pedicels.
— B. uniflora, Hook. ! compan. to hot. mag;. 1. p. 21.

In dry sandy soil, S. Carolina ! to Florida ! /?. Middle Florida, Dr.
Chapman! y. IjouhiaT:iB,Driimmond.' Dr. Hale! Arkansas, Niittall ! —
April-June. — Plant 2-3 feet higli, the minute pubescence appressed. Leaves
coriaceous. Flowers large. Teeth of the calyx short, triangular, acute ; the
upper one larger, obtuse or emarginate : in 0. all rather obmse. Ovary very
villous. Legumes large, at first silky-villous, ovate-lanceolate.

5. B. vUlosa (Ell.) : pubescent, villous when young ; leaves almost ses-
sile ; leaflets lanceolate-oblong or somewhat obovate, at length glabrous and
shining above ; stipules linear or lanceolate, persistent, longer than the pe-
tioles ;" racemes elongated ; bracts subulate, shorter than the erect pedicels,
deciduous ; (flowers grayish, Walt.) ; (legumes oblong, obtuse, somewhat cy-
lindrical, Niitt.)—Eil. s%. I. p. 468; Nutt.! gen. 1. p. 281 ; DC. I. c. So-
phora villosa, Walt. Car. p. 134. Podalyria villosa, iVIic/a-. .' I. c: ; Pursh,
I. c. ?

North Carolina, Michaux! Mr. Curtis ! Arkansas, Nuttall ! June-
J\x\y. — Plant rather large. Stem branched, pubescent with minute appressed
hairs. Leaflets 2-3 inches long, obtuse, attenuate at the base and almost
petiolate, villous-pubescent when young, especially beneath. Pedicels
shorter than the flowers ; which are about the size of those of B. lanceolata.
Calyx somewhat villous-pubescent with appressed hairs ; the teeth acute ;
the upper one slightly notched. Ovary very woolly. — We have drawn up
our description from the specimen of Mr. Curtis, which we think is the same
with the plant of Michaux. We are doubtful, however, whether it be the
Sophora villosa of Walter, in whose herbarium a portion of a raceme of the
plant only exists ; and in this the calyx is more villous. Elliott seems to be
unacquainted with the species, and this is probably also the case Avith
Pursh. Mr. Nuttall's specimens from Arkansas agree well with the plant
from North Carolina, except that the lowest bracts are ovate-lanceolate,
foliaceous, as long as the pedicels, and persistent. We have never seen
the fruit.

fi. B. spli<Erocarp)a (Nutt.) : glabrous ; leaves nearly sessile ; leaflets obo-
vate-oblong, obtuse, minutely pubescent when young; stipules and bracts
minute or almost none ; racemes spicate, elongated ; pedicels shorter than
the calyx (flowers deep yellow) ; legumes very short, subglobose. — Nutt. !
in jour. acad. Pliilad. 7. p>- 9^.

Plains of the Arkansas (in rather wet gravelly soil), Nuttall! Near Fort
Towson, Dr. Leavenicorth ! Around Little Rock, Arkansas, Dr. Engel-
mann ! — Texas ! .June-Julv. — Stems 2-3 feet high, many from the same
roots, with erect branches. Flowers large, usually in a long strict spike.
Teeth of the calyx short, very acute ; the upper one obtuse. Ovary glabrous.
Stipe short. — The fruit, according to Dr. Engelmann, is rather oval than
globose, and the walls remarkably hard and thick.

JiAPTisiA. LEGUMINOS/E. 385

7. B. leucoph/ea (Nutt.) : soincwlial villous ; branches divaricaio, ; potioies
very short or none ; leaflets oblanceolale or oblon{:;-obovale ; stipules and
bracts large and Ibliaceous, ovate, persistent ; racemes elongated, many-
flowered ; flowers on very long drooping pedicels, secund, ochroleucous ;
legumes large, globose -ovoid, canescently ])uberulent. — JSuU. ! iren. 1. p^
282 ; DC. I. c. ""B. bracteata, Muhl. cat. ex Ell. sk. 2. p. 4G8 ; DC. I. c.

Dry rich soils, Georgia ! and Michigan ! to Arkansas ! Missouri ! and Texas !
April. — Plant 1-2 leet high, stout, when old often somewhat glabrous :
brandies horizontal. Leaflets 2-3 inches long. Stipules an inch or
more in length, ovate, acuminate, very broad and somewhat clasping at
the base. Bracts similar to tiie stipules, acute ; the uppermost smaller,
sometimes lanceolate. Racemes often a toot long, reclined. Pedicels 1-2
inches long. Flowers very large (an inch or more in length.) Calyx-seg-
ments 4, canescent within, ovate-lanceolate ; the upper one broader, emar-
ginate. Ovary silky-villous. Legumes an inch or more in length, pointed,
inflated.

8. B. australis (R. Brown) : glabrous; leaves on short petioles, the upper-
most sometimes nearly sessile ; leaflets obovate-oblong or oblong-cuneiform,
obtuse ; stipules lanceolate, equalling or exceeding the petioles, often persis-
tent ; racemes elongated, erect ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, caducous ; pedicels
shorter than the calyx; flowers very large, indigo-blue; vexillum a little
shorter than the wings, often slightly auriculatc at the base ; legumes large,
oval-oblong ; the stipe about the length of the calyx. — R. Br. in horl. Kew.
(ed. 2.) Z.p. 6 ,• Ell. sk. 1. p. 468 ; DC. ! I. r. B.ca-rulea, Nutt..' I. c. So-
phora australis, Linn.! syst. reg. (not of mantiss.?); Bot. mag. t. 509. S.
caerulea, Treu; pi. rar. 6. t. 14, ex R. Br. S. alba, var. Murr. in comm.
Goett. \.p. 96, t. 6. Podalyria australis, Willd.! spec. 2. p. 503; Vent. !
hort. Cels. t. 56. P. caerulea, Michx.! fl. \. p. 2G4.

0. flowers smaller and fewer ; vexillum not auriculate. — B. minor, Lehm. f
ind. sem. Hainh. 1827.

y. flowers chocolate-colored.

Borders of streams in rich soil, Pennsylvania ! to Georgia, Louisiana ! and
Arkansas ! y. Arkansas, Dr. Leavenworth ! June-Aug. — Stem erect, 2-3;
feet high. Leaflets 2-3 inches in length : the stipules often rather large and
conspicuous, foliaceous, and a portion of ihem persistent. Flowers often
more than an inch in length. Teeth of the calyx broad and short ; the upper-
most very obtuse and entire. Legume about 2 inches long when mature. —
The Sophora australis which Linnseus first had in view seems to have
been a South African plant, but the name was afterwards applied to this
species.

9. B. leucantha : glabrous and glaucous ; leaves on short petioles, the
uppermost often sessile ; leaflets (tliickish) cuneiform-obovate or obovate-ob-
long, obtuse ; stipules lanceolate, about the length of the petioles, mostly ca-
ducous ; racemes elongated, erect ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, very caducous ;
pedicels about the length of the calyx ; flowers large, white ; vexillum miach
shorter than the wings ; legumes large, oval-oblong, on a stipe fully Uvice
the length of the calyx.— B. alba, Bot. mag. t. 1177 ; Hook. fl.Bor.-Ani. 1.
p. 100, not of R. Br. 7 and not Sophora alba, Linnt

In rich alluvial soil, Upper Canada (near Lake Erie), Michigan! Ohio !
to Louisiana! and Arkansas ! June-July.— Stem 2-3-feet high, branching;
the branches erect — spreading, stout. Leaflets about 2 inches in length,
ihickish and firm, turning blackish in drying. Raceme erect, on a stout jie-
duncle, 4-8 inches, or at length often a foot or more in length ; the flowers
rather crowded. Pedicels stout. Teeth of the calyx short and broad; the
upper one emarginate. Petals white, the vexillum tinged with ])urple in the
49

386 LEGUMINOSiE. Baptisia.

centre. Legume about 2 inches long ; the stipe at length half an inch in

length. This species much resmbles B. australis in habit and mode of

growth. We have never received it from the Soutliern Atlantic States.

10. B. alba. (R. Brown ?) : glabrous; branches slender, flexuous and w-ide-
ly spreading ; leaves on slender petioles ; leaflets (membranaceous) elliptical-
oblong, aciite at the base ; stipules and bracts subulate, minute, caducous ;
racemes elongated, slender, often nodding, on a long naked peduncle, pedicels
filiform, longer than the calyx (flowers white) ; legumes obovate, slightly
stipitate, much inflated.— 7?. Br. I. c. ? excl. syn. Bot. mag. ; Ell. sk. 1. p.
468 ; BC.prodr. 2. p. 100. Crotalaria alba, Linn. spec. 2. p. 716. Sophora
alba, Lin7i. syst. ; Reich, syst. 2. p. 242 ; IValt. ! Car. p. 135. Podalyria
alba, Willd. spec. 2. p. 503 ; Michx. ! fl. 1. p. 264 ; Pursh,Jl. 1. p. 308.

In damp soil along streams, Virginia and N. Carolina! to Florida!
March-April.— Stem simple, 1-2 feet high, branching towards the summit.
Leaves scarcely turning blackish in diying: leaflets very pale and minutely
puberulent beneath : petioles nearly half the length of the leaflets. Flowers
smaUer than in B. leucantha. Teeth of the calyx short and broad ; the upper
one slightly emarginate. — The stem according to Linnaeus, and according to
Elliott the peduncles and branches, are deep purple, which is hardly the
case in dried specimens. Our B. leucantha was figured in the Botanical
Magazine under the name of Podalyria alba, since wliich it has been more
or less confounded with the present species ; which alone has slender often
nodding racemes, minute stipules, and leaves which may be compared with
those of Laburnum.

11. B. megacarpa {Chapman', mss.) : glabrous; branches slender ; leaves
petioled ; leaflets oval, rather large, glaucous beneath ; stipules and bracts
subulate, minute, caducous; racemes short, on rather short peduncles; pedi-
cels longer than the calyx; flowers (yellow) nodding; legumes large, at
length subglobose, coriaceo-membranaceous, much inflated.

Rich soils, Gadsden County, Middle Florida, Dr. Chapman ! May. — This
species resembles B. alba ; but has much larger and yellow flowers, as well
as shorter and fewer-flowered racemes, and larger leaves, which, like that
species, do not turn black in drying. We have not seen the ripe fruit of the
precedmg species : in the present the mature legumes are nearly globose and
1-li inch in diameter. — Dr. Engelmann informs us that, he has found either
this same, or more probably an allied species, in the prairies near Fort Gib-
son, Arkansas.

12. B. tinctoria (R. Brown) : glabrous, much branched ; leaves nearly
sessile ; leaflets roundish-obovate or cuneiform ; stipules and bracts minute,
caducous ; racemes short, few-flowered, terminating the branches ; pedicels
naked, shorter than the (yellow) flowers; legumes small, subglobose, gla-
brous, raised on a long stipe. — R. Br. in, hart. Kew. 2 p. 6; Ell. sJc. I. p.
467; DC! proelr. 2. p. 100 ; HooTc.! fl. Bor.-Am. \.p. 129; Darlingt. fl.
Cest. p. iOi. Sophora tinctoria, Linn.! specie; Wall.! Car. I. c. Po-
dalyria tinctoria. Lam. ill. I. 327 ; Willd. I. c. ; Michx. ! fl. 1. p. 265 ;
Pursh,fl. l.p. 308,- Bot. Mag. t. 1099; Bigel.fl. Bast. eel. 2. p. 170.

Dry hills, Canada ! to Florida! and west to the Mississippi. July-Sept. —
Stem about 2 feet high, bushy. Leaflets i-l inch long, rounded and often
emarginate at the apex. Flowers rather small. Valves of the legume boat-
shaped. — It is said that this plant will yield a considerable quantity of in-
ferior indigo ; whence the common name, Wild Indigo.

13. B. Lecontii: minutely pubescent, much branched; leaves on short
petioles, the uppermost nearly sessile; leaflets obovate-oblong ; stipules
minute, subulate, caducous; racemes pedunculate, 5-10-flowered; bracts

Thermopsis. LEGUMIN0S;E. 367

subulate, somewhat persistent; pedicels longer tlian the (yellow) flowers,
bibracteolate ; legumes oval, somewliat stipitate, scabrous.
• /?. racemes somewhat paniculate ; bracts and bracteoles ovate-lanceolate,
persistent.

Riceborough, Georgia, Mr. L. LeContef Middle Florida, Dr. Bahhcin !
Dr. Chapman! May. — Plant with the habit of 15. tinrtoria; but with longer
and narrower leaves, bracteolate pedicels, 6cc. Tlie leaves do not turn
black in drying, as in that species.

X Species lohich have not fallen under our observation.

14. B. mollis {Wxchyi. under Podalyria) : stem, leaves, and calyx minutely
pubescent ; stipules foliaceous, lanceolate ; leaflets somewhat rhombic-lan-
ceolate; spike tenninal; flowers yellow; teelh of the calyx acute. Michx.
fi. \.p. 264.

In Mecklenburg County, N. Carolina, J^Fichaux. — We find no specimen
in Michaux's herbarium. To this species Nuttall referred a plant, found
chiefly upon the Catawba ridge, N. Carolina, in open bushy forests,
which is thus noticed : " This is the lowest s])ecies with which I am ac-
quainted, and possesses the aspect of an herbaceous Psoralea. Stem purj)lish,
somewhat decumbent, pubescent. Leaves often 2 inches long and one wide,
minutely pubescent on both sides : common petiole three-fourths of an inch
in length, in which particular it strikingly diflers from every other known
species. Stipules small, linear-lanceolate, acute. Legume small, with a
subulate point." Nutt. gen. l.p. 281. — This plant, which differs in some
respects from the character given by Michaux, Mr. Nuttall is now inclined
to consider a distinct species, which he projjoses to call B. fraxinifolia. But
we are uncertain whether it be distinct from some of the species described
above.

49. THERMOPSIS. i?. Br. in hoi-t. Keu: (ed. 2.) 3. p. 3.

Thermia, Nutt.

Calyx oblong, campanulate, sometimes a little curved, acute at the base,
4-5-cleft at the summit, slightly bilabiate. Vexillum about the length of
the wings, broad, roundish, emarginate, the sides reflexed : wings oblong :
keel nearly straight, obtuse; the petals somewhat united. Stamens persis-
tent. Ovary nearly sessile : ovules numerous : style slightly incurved :
stigma minute. Legume much compressed, oblong-linear, sometimes fal-
cate, many-seeded. Seeds oblong-subreniform, compressed. Radicle very
short, incurved. — Perennial herbs. Leaves 3-foliolate; the uppermost some-
times simple. Stipules large and foliaceous, distinct. Flowers large (yellow
or rarely white), in terminal racemes : pedicels ebracteolate.

1. T. lanccolata (P^. Brown) : leaves nearly sessile, the lower and the
highest ones often simple; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, silky-puberulent on
hoxh sides; stipules lanceolate, half the length of the leaflets ; flowers gemi-
nate or somewhat verticillate ; bracts large ; calyx convex posteriorly, cleft
to tlie middle ; the 3 lower segments lanceolate ; the upper 2-cleft at the

summit; legimies R.Br. I. c; DC. prodr. 2. p. 99 ; Hook. fl. Bor.-

A)n. 1. p. 128 ,• Ddess. ic. 3. t. 60. Sojjhora lupinoides, Pallas, Astr. t. 89.
Podalyria lupinoides, Willd. spec. 2. p. 504.

Nootka Sound, DC— A. native of Kamtschatka and Altaic Siberia.

388 LEGUMINOSiE. Pickkringia.

2. T. rhomhifolia (Nutt.) : leaves petioled ; leaflets obovale-cuneiform,
silky-puberulent, at length nearly glabrous; stipules ovate or cordate, acute,
as long as tlie petioles ; flowers alternate or geminate ; bracts oval, shorter '
than the pedicels ; calyx short ; the teeth triangidar, acute, the upper one
2-toothed ; legumes elongated, falcate, pendulous, glabrous. — Nutt.! gen. 1.
p. 283 (under Thermia) ; Richards. ajJj^x. Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. 13 ; DC. !
prodr. 2. p. 99; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 128, /. 47. Cytisus rhombifolius,
Pursh, fl. 2. p. 741.

Near Fort Mandan, Missouri, Bradbury, Nutt.all! Plains of die Platte,
Dr. James! Nutlall! About the Saskatchawan, Richardson 6cc. and in the
Rocky Mountains, Nuttall. May. — Flowers smaller than in T. lanceolata,
which the species resembles, yellow. Legumes about 3 inches long, here
and there narrowed by the abortion of the seeds, but not articulated.

3. T. fahacca (DC): leaves petioled; leaflets broadly oval; stipules
broadly ovate, obtuse, shorter than the petiole; flowers alternate. DC. I. c. ;
Hook. I. c. Sojjhora fabacea, Pallas, Astr. t. 90, f. 2.

Near the sources of the Ulalla and Wallawallah, in the vallies of the Blue
Mountains of Oregon. Douglas. — Found by Pallas in Kamtschatka. We
are wholly unacquainted with this species. Hooker remarks that his speci-
men under this name has the leaves thrice as large, and the peduncles thrice
9,8 long as in the preceding species.

4. T. 7nontana (Nutt. ! mss.) : " somewhat silky-pubesent, at length gla-
brous ; leaves petioled ; leaflets lanceolate, narrowed at the base ; stipules
oblong-ovate, scarcely longer than the petioles ; flowers alternate or sometimes
geminate, subsessile ; teeth of the calyx very short ; legumes linear, erect,
nearly straight, silky, at length nearly glabrous.

"High vallies of the Rocky Mountains, in bushy places by streams, near
the line of Upper California. June. — A showy species, with a spike of bright
yellow flowers .3-4 inches long. Leaflets 1-1 i inch long. Bracts small.
Teeth of the calyx very broad and short, acute, nearly equal." Nuttall. —
The vexillum is considerably shorter than the wings. Legumes narrow,
pbout 10-seeded.

5. T. macrophylla (Hook. & Am.) : stem angled ; the upper portion, as
well as the petioles, calyx, and ovaries, villous ; leaves petioled ; leaflets
obovate-elliptical, tomentose-pubescent beneath, glabrous above ; stipules
large, ovate, acute, longer tliari the petioles ; flowers alternate, on short
pedicels ; calyx short ; the 3 lower teeth acute, the upper slightly 2-toothed ;
legumes oblong-linear, straight, erect, 4-5-seeded. — Hook. 8f Am. ! hot.
Beechey, s^qjj^l. p. 329.

fi. much less pubescent in all its parts.

California, Douglas! — Leaflets 3-4 inches long. Stipules 1^ inch in
length. Bracts rather shorter than the calyx. Legumes nearly 2 inches
long, hairy when young. — In the smoother form, of which the specimens are
in a much less advanced state, the teeth of the calyx are shorter and broader.

50. PICKERINGIA. Nutt. mss. {not of jour. acad. Philad.*)

Caly^ campanulate, somewhat truncate, repandly 4-toothed ; tlie teeth
nearly equal. Vexillum orbicular, emargniate, plicate in the middle, as

* The genus originally established under this name, in the Journal of the
Academy of Natural Sciences, not being distinct from Ardisia, Mr. Nuttall has
dedicated this plant to the same acute naturalist.

SoPHORA, LEGUMINOSyE. 389

Ion" as the oblong wings: keel-petals distinc-t, equal and similar to the
win^s, straight, obtuse. Ovarj- on a short stipe, many-ovuled : style
filiform, incurved : stigma minute. Legume unknown. — A low and stout
much-branchoil slirub ; the branciies somewhat spiny. Leaves sessile,
sempervirent, small, 3-f jliolate. Stipules none, or very caducous. Flowers
(purple) axillary, subsessile.

P. moiitana (Nutt.l mss.)

" Summits of the mountains in the vicinity of St. Barbara, California. —
A low densely branched slirub, spreading hori/ontally six or eight feet in
extent: brandies brownish -gray ; the wood while: the brancldels usually
terminating in stout spinous ]5oints. Leaves crowded : leaflets sessile,
scarcely an inch in length, ol)long-ciinoit()nn or oblanceolate, thick, sliglitly
pubescent when young, i)ale beneath. Flowers solilarj^ in the axils of the
leaves at the extremity of the branches, about tiie size of those of Baptisia
tinctoria. Calj^x short, very slightly toothed. Stamens distinct, somewhat
persistent, equal. Ovary linear, ])ubescent." Nuttall. — We have also
specimens from Mr. Douglas's Californian collection, which, like those of
Mr. Nuttall, want the fruit. Although alhcd to Anagyris, it probably forms
a distinct genus.

2. Leaves unequally idnnate {simple in Cercis) : trees or shrubs.
(Sophorese, Benth.)

51. SOPHORA. Linn. ; R. Br. in horl. Kew. : DC. prodr. 2. p. 95,

Sophora & Styphnolobium, Schott ; Benth. comm. Leg.

Calj'x broadly campanulate, obliquely tnmcate or somewhat 5-toothed at
the summit, often somewhat turbinate or obconic at the base. Vexillum
obovate or roundish, about the length of the other petals: keel obtuse, nearly
straight, the petals somewhat united below the apex. Ovary nearly sessile,
linear : ovules numerous : style nearly straight or incurved : stigma minute.
Legume moniliform, indehisccnt, (drj' or fleshy,) not winged. Radicle
usually inflexed or incurved. — Trees, slirubs, or sometimes herbaceous plants,
with unequally pinnate leaves. Stipules subulate or none. Racemes
axillar}'- or terminal, sometimes paniculate. Bracts subulate, minute, often
caducous.

§ 1. Calyx campanulate, rarely someicliat turbinate at the base : vexillum
erect or a little spreading, entire or slightly emarginate : stamens not
exserted : legume dry : seeds subgJobose, not strophiolate : radicle slightly
incurved: stipules none. — Eusophora, Benth.

1. S. iomentosa (Liinn.) : arborescent; leaflets 15-19, roundish-oval, very
obtuse, canescently tomentose on both sides (as also the calyx) ; raceme
terminal, elongated. DC. — Linn. spec. 1. p. 373; Lam. ill. t. 375,/. 2;
DC. prodr. 2. p. 95. S. occidentalis, Linn. spec. (ed. 2.) 1. p. 533;
Swartz, obs. bof. ]). 154. S. littoralis, Schrader ; DC. I. c.

0. truncata : calvx somewhat obliquely truncate, the margin entire ; leaf-
lets tapering at the base, glabrous above when old, canescently tomentose
beneath ; vexillum emarginate.

390 LEGUMINOS^. Cladrastis.

Tampa Bay, Florida (/?.), Dr. Hulse ! Dr. Leavenivorth ! — We have no
specimens either of the West or East Indian jjlant; but those from Florida
agree so perfectly with Swartz' description of S. occidentalis, the truncate
calyx excepted, that we cannot think them specifically distinct. The calyx
is said by Swartz to be gibbous above, obtusely 5-toothed, the 3 lower teeth
longest. The young racemes and branches, in our plant, are velvety-
pubescent ; the former much elongated ; the flowers large and apparently
pale yellow ; the calyx with a narrowed base, at length separating from the
torus and remaining loose at the base of the legume ; which is silky when
young, but nearly glabrous when mattire, with 5 or 6 mostly approximate
nodes.

§ 2. Calyx someivhat obconic: vexillum reflexed, entire: stamens not exserted:
nodes of the legume somewhat pidpy : seeds compressed, strojMolatc : ra-
dicle injiexed : stipules none. — Sttphnolobium, Schott.

2. S. qffinis : arborescent, nearly glabrous ; racemes axillary', simple ;
leaflets 13-15, elliptical, mucronulate ; calyx very short, campanulate, ab-
ruptly attenuate at the base, obscurely 5-toothed ; ovary \'illou3 ; legumes
somewhat pubescent.

Prairies of Arkansas, on Red River, &c. Dr. Leavenivorth. ! Texas, Drum-
mond! May. — A shrub or tree, about 25 feet high, allied to Sopliora
Japonica, but a very distinct species ; the calyx being more like that of a
proper Sophora, the leaflets smaller and nearly the same color both sides,
the racemes lateral, &c. Legumes with 4-5, or by abortion 1-2 subglobose
at length somewhat pulpy (sweetish) nodes. Seeds oval, somewhat com-
pressed, scarcely strophiolate. Radicle incurved.

§ 3. Calyx campanulate, obtuse at the base : vexillum spreading or reflexed,
entire or emarginate: stamens not exserted, often a little united at the
base : legume dry : seeds estrophiolate : radicle inflexed : stipides subu-
late : stems herbaceous. — Pseudosophora, DC. ; Benth.

3. S. sericea (Nutt.) : herbaceous, low, silky-canescent ; stems decum-
bent or ascending, branching from the base ; leaflets very small, about 21,
elliptical or cuneate-oval, glabrous above ; raceme terminal, short, sub-
sessile ; calyx gibbous posteriorly, longer than the pedicels, 5-toothed, the
teeth short; stamens slightly diadelphous (9 and 1) at the base; vexillum
reflexed ; petals of the keel nearly distinct, acuminate-mucronate. — Nutt. !
gen. 1. p. 280; DC. I. c. ; Torr.! in ann. lye. New York, 2. p. 174. Pa-
trinia sericea, Haf. Astragalus camosus, Pursh (except the fruit), ex Nutt.

High plains of the Missouri and the Platte, Bradbury, Nuttall! Dr.
James! extending nearly to the Rocky Mountains according to Nuttall. —
Plant 6-8 inches high. Leaves crowded : leaflets about 2 lines long,
Raceme or spike not exserted beyond the leaves, 2-4 inches long, crowded.
Flowers nearly as large as in S. alopecuroides, white. Ovary canescent.
Fruit unknown. — This interesting plant is well described by Nuttall, and
considered to be related to S. alopecuroides of Asia. In our specimens of
the latter w^e find the filaments somewhat connate at the base (certainly not
so manifestly united as in the present species), although botli Ledebour and
Bentham state that they are wholly distinct.

52. CLADRASTIS. Raf neog. (1825.)

Calyx cylindrical-campanulate, somewhat obliquely obconic at the base,
5-toothed at the apex ; the teeth nearly equal, very short and obtuse. Petals

Cercis. LEGUMINOSyE. 391

on rather long claws, somewhat papilionaceous : vcxilluin lar<;e, roundisli,
entire, scarcely longer than the wing3, reflexed-spreading : wings oblong,
straight, very obtuse, somewhat biauriculatc at the base : kecl-pctals iis long
as the wings, distinct, broadly oblong, nearly straiglit, very obtuse, siibcord-
ate or slightly biauriculatc at the base. Stamens distinct : filaments filiform,
incurved near the sumnut, glabrous. Ovary stijjitale, linear, pubescent,
many-ovuled : style glabrous, subulate, incurved : stigma minute. Legume
on a short stipe, linear, much comjjressed, membranaceous, the sutures not
margined, tardily dehiscent, 4-6-seedcd. Seeds oblong, comi)rcssc.'d, scarce-
ly strophiolate. Cotyledons oblong, flat : radicle very short, somewhat in-
flexed. — A small tree (the wood yellow). Leaves pinnately 7-11-foliolate ;
the leaflets usually alternate : petioles dilated at the base and including the
buds of the succeeding year. Stipules none. Inflorescence terminal : ra-
cemes mostly paniculate below ; the lateral ones arising from the axil of a
solitary flower ; tlic terminal one elongated : bracts minute, very caducous :
pedicels filiform, ebracteolato. Flowers large, white.

An interesting genus, wholly distinct liotli from Virgilia (V. Capensis) and Cal-
piirnia, E. Mcy. (V. aurca, Lam. t^c.) The calyx of V. Capensis, \vc mny here
remark, seems to us very incorrectly described as " ina-qualiter dentatus Eubbilabia.
tus" : in all the specimens wo have examined it is rather deeply bilabiate ; with
the upper Up more or less y.clefi. and the lower entire and acute.

C. tindoria (Raf. ! 1. c.)— VirgUia lulea, Michx.f. syli'. 2. p. 18, t. 78 ;
Pursh,fl. 1. p. 309; DC. I. c.

Hill-sides, in deep fertile soil. West Tennessee, F. A. Michaux ! Dr.
Currey ! Kentucky River, Dr. Short! April-May.— Tree 20-40 feet liigh,
sometimes nearly one foot in diameter, with a smooth greenish bark : tlie
heart-wood yellow, and readily imparting its color to water. Leaves and
branches nearly glabrous : leaflets jietiolulate, broadly oval, (he terminal one
rhomboid-ovate, acuminate, 3-4 inches in length. Flowers somewhat re-
sembling those of the Common Locust; tlie thyrsoid racemes G-10 inches
long, nodding or pendulous. Legumes 3-4 inches long and about i of an
inch in width, flat, even, tlie margin often somewhat undulate by the abor-
tion of a portion of the seeds. — Pursh and Nuttall, being misled by the
specific name of Michaux, state the flowers to be yellow, and the error is
copied by De Candolle, although the flowers are represented of their proper
color in Michaux's Sylva. — Yelloic-wood .

53. CERCIS. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 328 ,• Gcertn.fr. t. 144.

Calyx broadly campanulate, 5-toothed, broadly obconic and somewhat
oblique at the base. Petals scarcely papilionaceous, all distinct : vexilluni
smaller than the wings : keel-petals broadly oval, larger than the wings,
overlapping each other at the back. Stamens somewhat unequal. Leguijje
oblong, acute at each end, slightly stipitate, coriaceo-membranaceous, much
compressed, many-seeded ; the upper suture with a winged margin. Seeds
obovate, compressed ; the inner coat thickened. Embryo straight : cotyle-
dons flat. — Trees, with simple cordate leaves, and membranaceous caducous

392 LEGUMIlNUriiE. Hoffmanseggia.

stipules. Flowers deep rose-color, appearing before the leaves : pedicels
fascicled along the branches, 4-8 together.

Tho legume of Cercis is wholly similar to that of Calpurnia and Bowdichia,
and its aflinity with Cladrastis is evident.

1. C. Canadensis (Linn.) : leaves broadly ovate-cordate, acuminate, hairy
along the veins beneath. — Linn. ! spec. 1. p. 374 ; Michx. ! Jl. 1. p. 265 ;
Pursh, Jl. 1. p. 308 ; Torr. ! Jl. 1. p. 441 ; DC prodr. 2. p. 518 ; Dar-
lingt. Jl. Cest. p. 435.

Banks of rivers, &c. from (Canada, according to Pursh) New Jersey !
Pennsylvania ! and Ohio ! to Louisiana ! and Florida ! March-April. — Tree
15-30 feet high, vdth somewhat geniculate branches. Flowers small, pur-
plish, acid to the taste : pedicels filiform. — Red-bud. Judas-tree.

Tribe IX. CASSIE^E. Bronn ; DC. (excl. gen.)

Corolla regular or mostly irregular, not papilionaceous. Stamens
10, or sometimes fewer, distinct: anthers sometimes of 3 forms.
Legume continuous (not jointed), l-celled, often intercepted between
the seeds, dehiscent. Seeds frequently with a small quantity of
albumen. Embryo straight.— Trees, shrubs, or herbs. Leaves
(usually abruptly) pinnate or bipinnate, not stipellate.

54. HOFFMANSEGGIA.

HofFmanseggia & Pomaria, Cav. ic. ; DC. — Melanosticta, DC. ?

Sepals 5, united into a short obconic base, somewhat equal. Petals 5,
obovate, on short claws, somewhat unequal, spreading, the upper one con-
cave, one or more of them often glandular at the base. Stamens 10 : fila-
ments mostly hairy or glandular, and thickened or dilated towards the base,
nearly equal : anthers oval, nearly unifonn. Style as long as the stamens,
somewhat thickened toward the apex. Legume oblong or linear, often fal-
cate, compressed, dry, 2-valved, 2-seeded. — Low perennial herbs or sufFru-
tescent plants, often dotted with black glands. Leaves abnqitly or unequally
bipinnate. Kacemes opposite the leaves : flowers yellow. Glands either
sessile or pedicellate.

We unite Pomaria and HofFmanseggia of Cavanilles without hesitation. There
appears to be no essential difference in the flowers, and both have the pinnae of
the leaves either equal in number or with a terminal one, the racemes opposite the
leaves, &c. Our H. Drummondii differs from HofFmanseggia proper, chiefly in
the broader and shorter pods, and in wanting the glandular tufl at the base of the
4 lower pet;ils ; and from Pomaria in the straight filaments, the little tuft at the
base of the larger upper petal, and the pedicellate glands. The plant which in
the account of Dr. James's Collection v/as referred to Pomaria glandulosa, Cav.
(HofFmanseggia glandulosa, T. ^- Gr.) is certainly a difFerent, though nearly allied
t^pecios; the stipules being entire, and the leaves not abruptly pinnate (as inadyer-
tcntly described), the legume more lunate, &c. There is nothing in the character
of Melanosticta, DC, to distinguish it from the present genus.

Cassia. LEGUMINOSiE. 393

§ 1. Segments of the calyx equal, rather persistent : petals subscssile ; the vp-
per one broadest and glandular at the base : filaments somewhat glandular-
hairy below : one of the anthers imperfect: ovary glabrous: stigma tenni'
nal, tubular : legume ovate- oblong, about 2-scedcd : glands pedicellate. —
Hoffiiianseggiaria.

1. H. Drummondii: glabrous, wiili a fow scattered pedicellate glands;
stem diffuse, sulVrutescent; jjinmc 3 (liigitale), abru|)tly8-12-foIiolate ; leaflets
elliptical, obtuse orretuse; Icgunics luiiatL'-ovale, glabrous.

Texas, Drummond ! — Pbiiit low and nuicli branclied, with a very few
subulate scarcely capitate glands on the lower side of tlie petioles, or on the
lower surface or ajjcx of the leaflets, the ju'dicels, margin of the calyx (^cc.,
rarely on the branches. Leaves small. — Upi)er petal with rcddisli spots.—
AVe have not observed the stipules : tlie seeds have also tallen lidiu the pods
in our specimens ; but there are about 5 ovules. In some flowers, we observe
that the alternate filaments are almost filiform and nearly glabrous ; while
those ojjposite the sepals are thickened and clothed with thick glandular
hciirs ; but in others tliey are all nearly similar.

§ 2. Segments of lite calyx {equal ex Cav., or the loicer one much broader and
carinate-concave) at length deciduous from Hie persistent base : petals not
glandular at the base, the superior one smallest : filaments declined, hairy
below, all fertile : ovary clothed tcith stellate scales or hairs : stigma lateral
and someichat hooded : legume ovate or oblong, 2-3-seeded : glands de-
pressed.— Pomaria, Cav. (Character from the N. American species.)

2. H. Jamesii : canescently pubescent ; stipules subulate, entire ; pinna; 5
(2 pairs and a terminal one), abruptly 10-16 foliolate; legume broadly ob-
long, somewhat lunate ; leaves, calyx, petals, and legmiies sprinkled with
sessile black glands. — Pomaria glandulosa, Torr. ! in arm. lye. New York, 2.
p. 193, not of Cav.

Sources of the Canadian River, Dr. James ! — A low much branched
shrubby plant. Leaves with the 3 u])per ])iini;e arising from the same jioint.
Leaflets oval, obtuse at botli ends, nearly glabrous above. Racemes elon-
gated, op])osite the leaves. Flowers nodding or reflexed, rather large. Calyx
a little oljlicjue ; the 4 upper segments lanceolate, acute ; all membranaceous.
Upper petal marked with reddish spots. Style subulate, dilated above and
somewliat gibbous at the apex ; the stigma turned to the ujjper side, and
somewhat hooded, the membranaceous upper portion of the style being slit
for some distance on that side. Legumes about an inch long, scabrous,
sprinkled witli glands, flat, 2-3-seeded. Seeds broadly oval, compressed.

55. CASSIA. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 382 ; Vogcl, syn. gen. Cass. (1837.)

Sepals slightly united at the base, mostly a little unecpial, deciduous.
Petals 5, unequal. Stamens 10, often unequal, the three upper commonly
abortive, the 5 alternate ones rarely wanting : anthers dehiscent at the apex,
or sometimes by a foramen at the base. Legume terete or compressed,
woody, coriaceous or membranaceous, 1-celled, or many-celled by trans-
verse partitions, which are sometimes filled with pulp. Seeds anatropous,
■with a straight embryo, surrounded with a small ([uantity of albumen. —

50

394 LEGUMINOS^, Cassia.

Trees, shrubs, or herbaceous plants, with simply abruptly pinnate leaves :
the leaflets opposite. Flowers mostly yellow.

§ 1. Sepals mostly obtuse : stamens unequal ; the lower ones with thick quad-
rangular fertile anthers, opening by 2 pores at the apex ; the 3 upper sterile,
smaller and deformed : legume cylindrical or somewhat compressed, woody
or somewhat membranaceous, scarcely dehiscent, many-celled bjy transverse
partitions : seeds compressed, all {or at least the Icncer ones) horizontal \i. e.
transverse with respect to the valves). — Cham^fistula, DC. ; Vogel.

* Legume membranaceous, someivhat compressed, but tumid; the upper seeda
sometimes vertical, the lower always horizontal. — Oucolobium, Vogel.

1. C. qccidenlalis (Linn.) : annual, erect, branched, glabrous ; leaflets 6-
12, ovate-lanceolate or ovate, very acute or acuminate, somewhat ciliate ;
petiole with a sessile obtuse gland at the base ; racemes axillary, 3-5-flow-
ered, much shorter than the leaves, those at the summit of the branches
somewhat panicled ; legumes long, with a tumid border, glabrous. — Linn. !
spec. 1. p. 377 ,• Michx. ! fl. 1. p. 261 ; Bot. reg. t. 83 ; Ell. sic. 1. p. 471 ;
Audub. birds of Amer. t. 35 ; W. S^- Am. prodr. Ind. Or. 1. p. 290 ; Vogel,
l. c. p. 21. C". Carohniana, Walt. Car. p. 134. C ciUata, Raf. fl. Ludov.
C. linearis, Michx. ? Ell. I. c. ?

Near buildings, &c., Virginia! and South Carolina! to Louisiana! July.
— Stem 4-6 feet high. Leaflets usually about 5 pairs, serrulately ciliolate.
Stipules deciduous. Petals large, yellow, not spotted. Legume somewhat
coriaceous, about 5 inches long, 30-50-seeded.

§ 2. Sepals obtuse : anthers of the loiccr stamens fertile, thick and quadran-
gular, opening by 2 j)ores at the apex ; the 2-3 upper ones smaller, sterile
and deformed : legume compressed, narrow, many-celled with membranous
transverse partitions, membranaceous : seeds vertical (i. e. compressed
parallel with the valves), their longer diameter in the same direction with the
legume. — Prososperma, Vogel.

2. C. obtusifolia (Linn.) : annual, branching, nearly glabrous ; leaflets 6
or rarely 4, obovate, obtuse, slightly mucronate, a little pubescent beneath
when young ; a cyUndraceous gland between the two lower pairs ; stipules
linear-subuiate, arcuate, rather deciduous ; legimies verj- long and narrow,
glabrous, quadrangular-compressed, recurved. — Linn. spec. 1. p. 377 ; DC.
I. c. ; Fogel, I. c. 'p. 24. C. foetida, &c.. Dill. Elth. t. 72, f. 72.

/?. humilis (Vogel) : gland single between the lower pair of leaflets. — C.
humilis, Colladon, rnonosr. ; DC. I. c. C. Tora, Walt. ! I. c. ; Pursh,fl. 1.
p. 305; Ell.sk. \. p. 471.

In dry soils, S. Carolina ! to Florida ! west to the Canadian Rivei, Ark-
ansas, Dr. James ! July-Oct. — Stem 4-5 inches to 3 feet in height. Leaf-
lets scarcely ciflolate. Legumes about 6 inches long, recurved-arcuate. — As
the legumes of our plant are always recurved, it belongs to C. obtusifolia,
but we know not whetlier the otlier distinctions between it and C Tora are
constant.

§ 3 Sepals obtuse : anthers of the lower stamens fertile, tidck and quadran-
gular, opening by 2 pores at the apex: the 3 upper sterile and deformed:
legume compressed, more or less many-celled tvith transverse partitions.

Cassia. LEGUMINOS^.. 395

viemhranaceous or coriaceous, deh'tacenl : seeds \tsnaUy compressed, vertical,
their long diameter in tJie direction of the breadth of the legume, longer than
the funiculus. — ChamjESknna, DC. (partly) ; Vogcl.

3. C. Marilandica (Linn.) : perennial, glabrous or somewhat pubescent
witJi scattered s])rea(ling liairs ; leaflets 12-ld, lance(jlafe-oblon2, miicro-
nafe ; gland near the base of the petiole clavato ; stipules linear-subulate,
caducous ; racemes axillary-, very sliort, somewhat paniculate at the summit
of the iiranciies ; legumes" linear, somewhat curved, at length nearly gla-
brous.— Linn. ! spec. 1. p. 378 ; Michx. ! fl. 1. p. 261 ; Pursh, I. c. ;
Schkuhr. handb. 1. ^ 113 ; Ell. sk. 1. ;;. 473 ; Bigel. med. bot. t. 39 ;
Bart. veg. mat. vied. t. 12 ; DC. ! I. c. ; Torr. ! Jl. 1. 2>- 439 ; Darlingt. !
fl. Cest. p. 439. Senna fbliis Mimosa-, &c., DHL Ellh. t. 260, f. 339. C.
ligustrina, Linn, as to syn. Gronov. ! Virg. ; Pursh, Jl. 1. p. 3()G.

In alluvial soil, New England States ' and New York ! to S. Carolina and
throughout the Western Stales. July-Aiig. — Stem .3-4 feet high. Leaflets
conspicuously mucronate, slightly ciliate. Petals yellow, obovate-cimeiiiirm.
Anthers blackish. Legume 3-4 inches long, hairy when young. — Wild-
Senna.

4. C. biflora (Linn.) : shrubby : leaflets 4-10 pairs, oblong or obovate,
mucronate, pubescent or glabrous ; a terete acute gland between the lowest
pair; pejlunt-les 2-4-flowered ; the flowers somewhat geminate; legume
narrowly luiear, transversely articulated, membranaceous, pubescent. Vo-
gel. — Linn. anmn. acad. 5. p. 397 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 495 ; Fogel, I. c. p.
29. C. galegifolia, Linn., C. tenuissima, Linn., and C. frondosa, Ait. fide
Vogel.

Texas, Drvmmond ! — We have seen only a ^•ery imperfect specimen in
Drummond's Texan Colleclion, which appears to belong to this species.

§ 4. Sepals obtuse, acute, or acuminate : sta7nens 10, or by abortion 9-5 ; an-
thers all fertile, mostly of unequal length, quadrangular, linear, opening at
die apex by 2 pores or clefts : legume comj^ressed, coriaceous, more or less
completely many-celled by transverse jiartitions : seeds vertical. — Lasio-
BHEG3IA, Vogel.

5. C. ChamfEcrista (Ijinn.) : annual, hairy or glabrous, erect or a little de-
cumbent; leaflets 20-30, linear-oblong, obli(|ue at the base, obtuse, mucronate ;
j^land below the lowest pair of leaflets, sessile or slightly pedicellate, cup-
shaped or depressed; stipules and bracts subulate, stnate, persistent; fasci-
cles of flov.ers supra-axillary ; pedicels slender, bracteolate near the summit;
flowers large ; sepals attcJiuate-aciuriinate ; anthers 10, all fertile, subsessile,
very Ions ;* style filifcjin. — Linn. ! spec. 1. p. 379 ; Walt. ! Car. p. 136 ;
Mwha:. ri. c. ; Smuh, in Abbot, ins. Georg. t. 94 ; Bot. mag. t. 107 ; Pursh,
I. c ; DC. ! proxir. 2. p. 503 ; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 433 ; Vogel, I. c. p. 62,

(not of Swarf-.) ^ , , . , ,

a. nearly glabrous; fascicles 2-3-flowered ; 2-3 of the petals with a purple

spot near the base ; 4 of the anthers yellowish, the others purple or often all

yellowish : legumes glabrous.

/?. somewhat glabrous ; fascicles several-flowered ; petals not spotted at

tlie b;i-^ ; anthers all yellow ; legumes somewhat glabrous. — C. fasciculata,

MifJtx.fl. I. p. 262 ; Ell. I.e.

y. hirsutely pubescent (except the leaflets) ; legumes sornewhat hairy, es-
pecially along the sutures; otherwise as in a. — C. Chamaecrista, Michx. I. c. ;

EIL I. c.

396 LEGUMINOS^. Cassia.

i. hirsutely villous (the leaflets linear-elliptical and glabrous), stout ; flow-
ers very large ; the two lower petals spotted near the base ; anthers all
blackish-purple.

£. softly villous (the leaflets pubescent ;) two of the petals a little spotted at
the base ; anthers mostly i)ur])lish at the base ; legumes (young) softly
villous.

^. cinereous-pubescent, much branched ; flowers rather smaller ; 2-4 of
the petals purplish at the base; anthers slightly unequal, all purple. — C.
cinerea, Cham. Isf Schlecht. in Lhino'n, 5. j?. 599 ?

In dry sandy soil, Massachusetts ! and New York ! to Florida ! Louisia-
na ! Texas ! and west to the Canadian River, Dr. James ! i. Mountains of
Kentuck}^ Dr. Short ! c. Louisiana, Dr. Hale ! ^. Texas, Drummond !
July— Sept. — Flowers bright yellow, large and showy. — None of our speci-
mens wholly accord with the C. fasciculata, Michx. We have glabrous
fomis with yellow anthers ; but in these two of tlie petals are always more
or less spotted with jiurple. The var. i, is verj- large in all its parts : e. is
smaller, but clothed throughout with remarkably soft villous hairs ; the var.
^. has the stem, leaves, calyx, &c. more or less cinereous-pubescent, the
flowers are rather smaller, and the pedicels sometimes shorter. — Sensitive
Pea. Partridge-Pea.

6. C. nictitans (Linn.) : annual, erect or decumbent, somewhat pubes-
cent ; leaflets 12-30, oblong-linear, obtuse, mucronate, somewjiat oblique at
the base ; gland beneath the lowest pair of leaflets slightly pedicellate ; sti-
pules and bracts broadly subulate, striate, persistent ; fascicles supra-axillan,',
2-3-flowered ; the pedicels very short, bracteolate ; flowers small ; sepals
acuminate ; stamens 5, nearly equal; style very short. — Linn. ! I. c. S^-hort.
Cliff, t. 36 ; Michx. ! I. c. ; Ell. sk. 1. p. 474 ; DC. ! I. c. ; Darlingt. fl.
Cest. -p. 432 ; Vogel, I.e. p. 62. C. procumbens, Willd. (as to the North
American plant.)

p. aspera : stem and legumes hirsute with spreading hairs ; stamens 7-9 ;
ovaries very villous. — C. aspera, Ell.! sk. l.p. 474.

In old fields and dry sandy soil, Massachusetts ! and New York ! to
Florida! and Louisiana! /?. JEding's Island, near Beaufort, S.Carolina,
Elliott ! July-Sept. — Pedicels shorter than the flowers. Petals small, not
spotted. Anthers rather short, mostly all purple. Legume somewhat
hairy. — Readily distinguished by its veVy siiiall flowers, short pedicels, &c.
The C. aspera of Elliott seems to be nothing but a variety of this: in the
specimen from his herbarium which we have examined, the anthers are mostly
purple. The leaves in this and the preceding are very sensitive ; whence
the two species are popularly called Sensitive Pea.

C. ligustrina (Linn.) was founded on a West Indian plant rC. ligustri folio,
Plumier ; Dill. Elth. ?. 269, /. 338), to which the reference to Qronov. Virg.
(which belongs properly to C. Marilandica) was wrongly adduced It seems
not to be a native of N. America; and Pursh lias, as we think, inaAvcrtently
added the mark v. u., stating that it grows in cultivated grounds from Virginia
to Georgia.

C. {Chammsenna) anirustisiliqua (Lam.), or a species nearly allied to this, was
collected in Key West by Mr. Bennett, but the specimen is too incomplete for
satisfactory determination. The gland is very large and thick, commonly placed
towards the base of the petiole, but sometimes between the lowest pair of leaflets.
VVe have not seen the fruit.

Gtmnocladl's. LEGUMINOSiE. 397

56. CiESALPINIA. Linn.; .^tcartz, ohs. p. lf)5 ; Willd.spcc. 2. p. 530.

Csesalpinia & Poinciana, Linn. ^ authors.

Sepals mostly unequal, united below inlu a soinewliat persistent cup-
shaped base. Petals 5, unequal, unguieulate. Stamens 10, all fenile,
nearly ecjual : filaments ascending and hairy at tlie base. Style filiform.
Legume, unarmed, comi)resscd, wingless, 2-valved, several-seeded, 1-celled,
or intercepted internally between the seeds. Seeds compressed : cotyledons
flat. — Prickly or unanned trees or shrubs, with abruptly bipinnate leaves^
and racemose or corymbose flowers.

§ 1. Staniens and style filiform, much exseried : petals fimhriated or sometimes
entire: flowers large, corymbosely panicled. — Poinciana, Linn.

1. C. pulcherrima (Swartz) : aculeate; leaflets obovate ; calyx glabrous;
petals fimbriate, on long stipelike claws ; flowers on long pedicels. DC—
Swartz, I. c. ; Willd. I. c. Poinciana pulcherrima, Linn. ; Bot. mag. t.
995 ; DC. jirodr. 2. j). 484.

Key West, il/r. Bennett! — Common in the West Indies; supposed to have
been introduced from the East Indies. A shrub, with very showy orange-
colored and variegated flowers. The petals in tlie specimen from Key West
are very slightly frhiged.

57. GUILANDINA. Linn, (partly) ; Juss. gen. p. 350 ; Lam. ill. t. 336.

Sepals a little unequal, united into a very short urceolate base. Petals 5,
sessile, nearly equal. Stamens 10, all fertile : filaments villous at the base.
Style short. Legume globose-ovate, a little compressed, echinate. Seeds
large, bony, shining, nearly globose. — Trees or shrubs, with abruptly pinnate
leaves ; the stem and petioles armed with hooked prickles. Flowers in
spicate racemes : bracts rather long, deciduous.

1. G. Bonduc (Linn.): leaflets oval or ovate, more or less pubescent,
3-8 pairs, with 1-2 small recurved prickles between them on the under
side. W. Sf Am.— Linn. sj). 1. p. 381 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 480. G. Bon-
ducella, Linn. ; Swartz, obs. bot. p. 167.

Key West, Mr. Bennett! Tampa Bay, Florida, Dr. Leavenworth!
—Common in the West Indies, jierhaps introduced from the East.

58. GYMNOCLADUS. Lam. did. 1. p. 773, Sf ill. t. 823.

Flowers dioecious. Calyx tubular-infundlbuliform, the limb 5-cleft ; lobes
lancolate, equal. Petals 5, oblong, somewhat longer than the lobes of the
calyx, inserted into the summit of the tube. Stamens 10, included, inserted
with the petals ; those opposite the sepals a httle longest. Legume oblong,
compressed, very large, thick, pulpy within. — A slender tree, unanned,
with stout thick branches. Leaves unequally bipinnate ; the leaflets

398 LEGUMINOS^. Gleditschia.

ovate, acuminate, petiolulaie. Flowers in long axillaiy racemes, greenish
white.

G. Canadensis (Lam. 1. c.)—Mich.v.! fl. 2. ;?. 241, t. 51 ,- Pursh, fl. 1.
p. 304 ,- Michx. f. sylv. 1. 1. 50 ; DC. ! irrodr. 2. j)- 480. Guilandina dioica,
Linn.! spec. l.jf^. 381.

In woods along the banks of rivers and lakes, Canada and Western
New York ! to Kentucky ! and Tennessee. West to the Canadian River, Dr.
James! May-June. — Tree 50-80 feet high. Leaves about 1-3 feet long:
pinnae 4-7; the lowest a single pair of leaflets, the others 7-1 3-foliol ate ;
leaflets mostly alternate. Legumes 6-10 inches long,nearly 2 inches wide. —
Coffee-tree.

59. GLEDITSCHIA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 857; DC.prodr. 2.j??. 479.

Flowers polygamous. Sepals 3-4-5, equal, united at the base. Petals
as many as the sepals, or fewer by the abortion of one or two, or by the
union of the two lower ones. Stamens as many as the sepals and opposite
them, or by abortion fewer. Style short : stigma pubescent. Legume
stipitate, continuous, often intercepted internally between the seeds, dry or
with a quantity of sweet pulp surrounding the seeds. Seeds oval : testa
hard, crustaceous. Embryo yellowish, surrounded with a small quantity of
albumen : cotyledons flat. — Trees ; the supra-axillary branchlets often con-
verted into simple or branched spines. Leaves abruptly jjinnate or bipin-
nate (often on the same tree) ; the leaflets somewhat serrate ! Flowers
small, greenish, spicate. The terminal flowers sometimes produce two
united ovaries, ex DC.

1. G. triacanfJios (Linn.) : spines stout, mostly triple or compound ; leaf-
lets lancolate-oblong ; legumes linear-oblong. Hat, much elongated, some-
what falcate, many-seeded ; the intervals filled with a sweet pulp. — Linn. !
sp. 2. p. 1056 ; Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 257 ; Duham. arb. {ed. nov.) 4. t. 25 ;
Michx. f. sylv. 2. t. 79 ; Willd.! sp. A. p. 1097 ; Pursh, fl. I. p. 221 ; Ell.
sJc. 2. p. 709 ; DC. ! I. c.

/?. inermis (Pursh, 1. c.) : stem unarmed, the branches nearly so. — DC.
mem. Leg. t. 22, /. 109.

y. ? brachyccoyos (Michx. 1. c.) : spines short ; legumes oblong, much
shorter (3-5 inches). — G. brachycarpa, Pursh, I. c. ; DC. I. c.

In rich soil, Pennsylvania! to Georgia and Louisiana; common also in
cultivation. July. — A large tree ; the trunk sometimes attaining the diameter
of 3 to 4 feet. Legumes 12-18 inches long, somewhat twisted. Wood
hard, but less valuable than that of the Flowermg or True Locust. — De
CandoUe has noticed a monstrous state of this species, in which all the leaf-
lets ai-e confluent. — Honey-Locust. Sioeet Locust,

2. G.monosperma (Walt.) : spines slender and few, sometimes 3-parted;
leaflets ovate-oblong; legumes broadly oval, oblique, flat, destitute of pulp,
1-seeded.— TToiL Car. p. 2bA ; Michx. ! fl. I. c. ; Willd.! I.e.; Pursh,
I. c. ; Michx. f. sylv. 2. t. 80 ; Ell. I. c. ; DC. I. c. G. Carolinieusls, Layn.
diet. 2. p. 46i. G. triacantha, Grertn. fr. t. 146.

In swamps, S. Carolina ! and Florida to Louisiana ! and Texas ! Also in
Illinois, ex F. A. Michaux. July. — A small tree ; the wood of little value.
Legumes li-2 inches in length, and an inch in width, on a long stipe. —
Water-Locust.

Mimosa. LEGUMINOS.^. 399

SoBOEDER II. MIMOSE.E. R. Br.

Sepals and petals valvatc in sestivation, regular; the latter hypo-
gynous, distinct or more or less united. Stamens as many as tho
petals or very numerous (5-200), hypogynous or inserted into the
base of the corolla. Embryo straight. — Leaves abruptly pinnate or
bipinnate. Flowers most frequently polygamous.

60. ALGAROBIA. DC. (§ of Prosopis) ; Bcnlh. ^l. Hartw. p. 13.

Flowers polygamous. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, distinct, usually
villous inside or at tlie extremity. Stamens 10, distinct : anthers not lipped
•with a gland. Ovary villous: style filiform, arcuate: stigma truncate.
Legume continuous, compressed, linear, pulpy within, often torulose, or
somewhat intercepted between the seeds, indehiscent, many-seeded. —
Shrubs or trees, usually with axillary spines above the stipules. Leaves
often fasci' ".'hI, bipinnate; the pinna; 1-4 pairs; the leaflets numerous.
Spikes eloij-af. d, 1-3 together in the axils of the leaves, or from very short
branches. Flowers greenish or yellowish.

1. A. glandulosa : spines elongated, often geminate; leaves glabrous;
pinnae a single pair, glandular at their origin ; leaflets 7-15 pairs, rather
distant, linear, elongated, coriaceous, reticulated, often somewhat falcate ;
spikes solitary or geminate, slender, shorter tlian llie leaves. — Prosopis glan
dulosa, Torr. ! in mm. lye. New York, 2. p. 192, t. 2.

On the Canadian River, Dr. .lames! Texas, Drummond! — A small shrub,
often decumbent, glabrous. Spines straight, an inch or more in length.
Stipules miniUe. Common petioles terminated by a spinular point : a small
gland between the (somewliat glandular) bases of the pinnre. Leaflets
i-1 inch or more in length, obtuse, mucronulate. Legume about 6 inches
long, straight, or a little curved, slightly compressed, filled with pulp —
The pods were used for food by Major Long's party.

61. MIMOSA. Adans.; Go'rtn. fr. t. 3U ; IVilld. spec j>. 1028.

Flowers polygamous (perfect and staminate). Calyx usually minute,
somewhat urceolate, 4-5-toothed or nearly entire. Petals united into
an infundibulifonn or turbinate-campanulate 4-5-cleft corolla. Stamens
equal in number with tlie petals, or twice or thrice as many (4-15), inserted
into the base of the corolla or on the stalk of the ovary, much exserted, dis-
tinct or slighdy monadelphous at the base. Legume much compressed,
composed of one or more dry 1-seeded joints, which are at length separable
and dehiscent, leaving a persistent entire border or replum. — Herbaceous, or
mostly shrubby plants or trees, with bipinnate or conjugate-digitate leaves,
which are often sensitive to the touch, frequently prickly. Stipules often
striate. Flowers rose-color or white, in spherical or oval heads: peduncles
axillary.

1, M. strigillcsa : nearly unanned, herbaceous; stems prostrate, difTuse ;

400 LEGUMINOS^. Schrankia.

the young branches, petioles, and peduncles very strigose ; stipules ovate,
striate, persistent ; pinna about 5 yiuirs ; leaflets 10-14 pairs, oblong-linear,
nearly glabrous ; peduncles very long, solitary ; heads oblong when old ;
legumes broad, very hispid, 2-3-jointed, the lower margin sinnate, or often
by abortion 1-jointed.

Banks of streams. Sec. Tampa Bay, also in East Florida, Dr. Leaven-
worth ! Banks of the Mississippi, Louisiana, Dr. Carpenter! Dr. Hale !
Arkansas, Dr. Leavenworth ! Texas, Drummoiid ! ^•2nd Coll. 157, 158,
159.) July-Aug. — Stems extensively procumbent, occasionally armed with
a very few short recurved prickles : no prickles at the base of the petioles :
the branches, petioles &c., and sometimes the lower surface of the leaves,
very densely strigose with long whitish sc.ily hairs; when old, glabrous or
sparsely strigose. Leaflets obtuse, scarcely mucronate, inaequilateral, slightly
falcate. Peduncles 5-6 or sometimes 10 inches long. Heady at first globose ;
the flowers rose-color. Petals, especially when rather old, minutely rnuricate
towards llie summit externally. Legumes when of three joints oblong and
rather indistinctly jointed, when single-jointed ovate, oblique. — Allied appar-
ently to M. humilis, H. B. S^- K.

t Doubtful Sjyecies.

2. M. geminata (DC): stems diffuse and, with the petioles, aculeate;
leaves bipinnate, the pinnee 2-pairs, the leaflets 15-20 pairs ; heads axillary,
geminate. DC. prodr. 2. p. 426.

Western coast of North America, Mocino {ic. ined.) Head like that of
M. pudica. Fruit unknown. DC. — There is probably some mistake con-
cerning the locality of this plant. We know of no Mimosaceous plant
indigenous to the Pacific coast within the limits of this work.

62. SCHRANMA. Willd. sjicc. 4. p. 1041 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 443.

Flowers polygamous (perfect and staminate). Calyx urceolate, minute,
5-toothed. Petals united in an infundibuliform 5-cleft corolla. Stamens
8-10, or rarely 12, distinct or cohering at the base. Legume muricate-
echinate, dry, 1-celled, somewhat 4-sided, 4-valved by the separation of a
large replum from the (thinner and smaller valves,) many-seeded. — Peren-
nial prickly herbs, with bipinnate sensitive leaves. Stems procumbent, or
ascending. Flowers (rose-color or purplish) in spherical heads : peduncles
axillary, solitary or in pairs.

1. S. uncinata (Willd.): stem 5-8-gTooved or angled: pinnje 6 pairs;
leaflets numerous, elliptical, reticulated with elevated veins beneath ; heads
niostly solitar_y, on peduncles mostly shorter than the leaves ; legunies ob-
long-linear, with a short acuminate point, very denselv echinate, as lone as or
often shorter than the peduncle ; seeds ellii)lical. — Willd. ! spec. 4. p. 1043 ;
Pursh,Jt. 1. p. 305; DC. I. c. ? Mimosa Intsia, Walt. Car. p. 252. M.
horridula, Michx. ! fl. 2. f. 254 ,• Vent, choir, t. 28.

Drj'- sandy soil, Virginia to Florida ! Missouri ! Louisiana ! Arkansas !
and Texas ! _ May-July. — Stem (2-4 feet long) petioles, and peduncles thick-
ly armed with strong uncinate prickles. Heads of flowers mostly rallier
large ; the peduncles sometimes 2-3 inches long. Legimies about 2 inches in
length, teretish, 4-7 usually ripening in each head.

2. S. angustata : stem 5-8-grooved or angled ; pinn^e 4-6 pairs ; leaflets

Desmanthus. LEGUMINOS^. 401

numerous, linear-elliptical, obscurely veined ; heads solitary or in pairs, on
short peduncles ; leii;uinus linear, loiii; and slender, subiilate-altenuaie ;M the
apex, armed with ratiier scattered ])rickles, 3-4 times the lentrth ol' tlie pe-
duncle ; seeds linear-ohlong. — S. uncinata, Ell. sk. 2. i). loS. (at least in
part, ex spec. !)

With tlie preceding, S. Carolina ! Georgia! TeKas, Drummonfl I — A more
slender species than S. uncinata, with smaller and weaker jn-ickles, smaller
heads, which are verv frecpientlv geminate, the leaflets not at all reticulated,
the subulate and sparsely armed pods about 4 inches long, very slender, the
jieduncle usually about an inch in length. — Dr. Pickering seems first to have
distinguished tliese two species, having labelled specimens of the preceding,
in the "herbarium of the Academy of Natural Sciences, S. reticulata; but a re-
ference to Willdenow's work clearly shows that S. uncinata was wholly found-
ed on this plant : that author notices the reticulated leaflets, and describes the
peduncles as very long, and the fruit densely muricate. De CandoUe has
probably confounded the two species, since he states the legumes to be longer
than the ])e(hmcles. Perhaps our S. anguslata is the same wiili S. distachya,
DC. of New Spain, which is founded on a drawing by JMogino.

63. DARLINGTONIA. DC. in ann. sci. nat. 18-25, Sf mem. Leg. t. 66.

Flowers perfect. Calyx camjianulate, 5-toothed. Petals 5, distinct.
Stamens 5, distinct: style filiform: stigma miiuite, infundibuliform. Le-
gume lanceolate, dry, compressed, mcmbranaceo-coriaceous, 2-valved, 4-6-
seeded. Seeds obovate-oval, compressed, with a very slender funiculus. —
A perennial nearly glabrous unarmed herb. Stipules setiform. Leaves bi-
pinnate; the pinna and leaflets numerous. Flowers white, in axillary pe-
dunculate heads ; the legumes capitate or crowded.

D. hrachyloha (DC. 1. c.)

a. Illinoe7isi.s : jiinnae 6-11 pairs, with a gland between the lowest pair only ;
stems somewhat difTuse ; legumes slightly falcate. — D. brachyloba, DC. ! I.
c. \'pro(lr. 2. p. 443. Mimosa lUinoensis, Michaux! fi. 2./. 254. Acacia
brachyloba, Willd. spec. 4. j). 1071.

p. inter media : pinn?B 9-14 i)airs, with a gland hc^^^■een the lowest pair
only ; stem stouter, more striate-angled ; legumes as in var. y. — D. interme-
dia, Torr. .' in ann. lye. NewYork. 2. p. 181.

y. glandidosa: pinnae 10-14 pairs, with a gland at the base of each ; stem
stout, striate-angled ; legumes falcate, a little narrower, numerous in a dense
head. D. o-landulosa, DC! I.e. Mimosa glandulosa, Michx.I I. c. Aca-
cia clandulosa, iVdld. I. c.

Prairies and banks of rivers, a. Illinois! Kentucky & Louisiana! also Florida,
Dr. Chapman ! 0. 6c y. South Western States ! to Arkansas ! &. Texas !
Junc-Aug. — Stems 1-3 feet high. Leaflets very small, linear, somewhat
mucronale. Legumes an inch or less in length, somewhat intercepted be-
tween the seeds, sometimes by abortion 1-2-seeded. — We find no essential
difTerence between the more southern form (D. glandulosa, DC.) and D.
brachyloba, except that the heads ripen a greater number of pods, which are
a little narrower and more falcate than in the latter form, and even tliis charac-
ter seems not to be constant.

64. DESMANTHUS. Willd. spec. 4. p. 1044; Kunth,Mim. etc. p. 115.

Flowers polygamous (perfect and neutral ) . Cah^x carapanulatc, 5-tootlied.
Petals distinct and oblong-spatulate, or sometimes united, occasionally want-

51

402 LEGUMINOSJE. Desmanthus.

ing ill the neutral florets. Stamens 10 or sometimes 5 ; the filaments in the
lower flowers of each spike sterile, sometimes antheriferous, either dilated or
filiform. Legume continuous, dry, coriaceo-membranaceous, compressed,
2-valved, several-seeded. — Diffuse or procumbent unarmed herbs or suf-
frutescent plants. Leaves with stipules, biphinate, often sensitive. Flowers in
ovate, subglobose, or cylindrical heads or spikes (white, the filaments often
yellow) : peduncles axillary.

We are not well satisfied with the distinguishing characters of this and the
nearly alUcd genera. The section Dichrostachys has ah-eady been removed by
Arnott, and the genus perhaps requires still farther reduction. Our D. Jamesii is a
true Desmanthus, with many-fiowercd heads, tlie filaments of tlie lower flowers
sterile, and linear legumes : the leaves are also said to be very sensitive. The suc-
ceeding species of the section Desmanthea have the very few-flowered heads which
seems to be a nearly universal character in that section ; but the flowers are all per.
feet, or at most we sometimes find at the base of the heads one or two barren flowers
with perfect stamens. The same thing may be sometimes observed in Darlingtonia
brachyloba, with which these two species agree in habit, foliage, setiform stipules,
and in almost every point except the narrow pods. The genus Darlingtonia should
perhaps bo extended to embrace these and some allied species.

§ 1. Sterile filaments Jlat or somewhat petaloid : legumes oblong, A-6-seeded,
often stipitate : aquatic, j^rostrate. — Neptunia, Lour.

1. D. lacustris (Willd.) : herbaceous, floating ; leaves destitute of glands ;
pinnae 3 pairs ; leaflets 20-30, alternate and opposite, linear, obtuse ; heads
ovate, many-flowered ; peduncles 2-3-bracteate ; flowers decandrous ; le-
gumes .somewhat falcate, oblong, stipitate. Kunth. — Willd. spec. 4. p.
1044 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 444 ,• Kunth. syn. 4. p. 10. Mimosa lacustris,
Humh. Sj' Bonpl. 2^1- (equin. t. 16.

Texas, Drummond! — Stem terete, slender, elongated. Stipules scarioiis,
ovate, acuminate. Leaflets somewhat lanceolate, broader at the base, thin,
about 3-nerved, ciliate. Peduncles long and .slender. Spikes loose. Flow-
ers small, .somewhat pedicelled : filaments of the lower ones antheriferous. —
The specimens of Drummond are not in fruit, nor are the flowers in good
state : we cannot doubt, however, that they are identical with the D. lacus-
tris of New Grenada.

§ 2. Sterile filaments filiform : legumes linear, many-seeded De.smanthea,

DC.

2. D. Jamesii : suffrutescent ; stem decumbeut, angled ; pinn?e 4-5 pairs,
with a large concave gland between the lowest pair ; leaflets 10-13 pairs, a
little hairy on the margins ; stipules minute, subulate ; j^eduncles scarcely
longer than the globose many-flowered heads, solitary or in pairs ; flowers
(white) decandrous ; the filaments of the neutral ones filiform ; legumes
linear, elongated, somewhat arcuate, 1-5-18-seeded. — Acacia Cooleyi,
Eaton.

Sources of the Canadian River, Arkansas, Dr. James! — Heads axillary
or .somewhat panicled at the summit of the branches. Legumes 3-4 inches
long, not pointed.

3. D. leptolobus : herbaceous; stem ascending, angled; pinnae about 10
pairs, with a small gland at the base of the lowest or two lower pairs ; leaflets
about 24 pairs, linear, slightly ciliate ; stipules setiform ; peduncles solitary,
few-flowered, not bracteate, much shorter than the leaves; flowers' pentan-

Acacia. LEQUMINOSiE.

403

drous, all perfect (always?); legumes usually several from each head, nar-
rowly linear, subulate-acuminate, sligliily Valcalc, G-8-steded, somewhat
intercepted between the seeds, thrice the leiigtli of tlie peduncles; seeds linear-
oblong.

Texas, Dnuiuaond ! Arkansas, Dr. Lcavemcorth ! — Nearly glabrous.
Steins apparently 2-3 feet high. Heads usually ripening 4-6 legumes,
which are 2-3 incites long, and about a line in Midth. Seeds placed leiK'th-
wise in the pod.

4. D. strictus (Bertol.?) : suflrutesceni at the base ; stems ascending, some-
what angled ; leiives sliort ; i)iimrc 3-4 pairs, with an oval concavegland at
the base of the lowest pair ; leaflets 0-8 pairs, linear-oblong, ciliate ; stipules
setiform; peduncles solitary, not bracteate, nearly the length of the leaves,
few-flowered ; head subglobose ; flowers nearly all perfect, decandrous ; le-
gumes linear, straight or somewhat falcate, acuminate, longer than the pe-
duncles, about 8-seeded ; seeds oval. — DC. prodr. 2. ^j. 44.5 /

Texas, Drummond .' — Stems 1-2 feet in length. Leaves small and short.
Legumes 1-li inch long. — We refer our plant to Desmanthus strictus with
some hesitation : the character we have given difTers in some respects from
that of De CandoUe, and we have no authentic specimen for comparison.

5. D. depressns (Humb. &: Bonpl.) : stem suffruticose, prostrate ; pinnae 2
pairs ; petiole with a gland at the apex (between the lower pinna^) ; spikes
few-flowered, capitate: flowers decandrous ; le2;ume narrowly linear. DC—

Willd. spec. 2. p. 1046 ; Kunth, Mim. etc. p. 115, t. 35 ;" DC. i. c. Mi-
mosa dejjressa, Pair, suppl. l.p. 58.

Key West, Mr. Bennett! " Stem sometimes 4-5 feet in lenoih, reclining
on a Cactus." — Our specimen is iinperfect.

6. D. diffusu.s (W'lWd.) : stem suffruticose, prostrate; pinna; 4-5 pairs;
spikes few-Ilowered, ca]jitate ; flowers ])entandrous ; legume narrowly linear.
DC. — Willd. I.e. : DC. prodr. 2. p. AM. Mimosa Peraambucana, Linn.
BI. Americana pigra siliipiis longis, &c., Pluk. aim. t. 307,/. 3.

Key West, Mr. Bennett ! — Our specimen is in fruit only, but in this state
it accords with the figure of Plukenet. The legumes are 2 inches in length,
not remarkably narrow, slightly acuminate, containing about 20 roundish
seeds. There is a gland between the lowest pair of pinnae.

65. ACACIA. NecTcer ; Willd. spec. 4. ;?. 1049 ; Ku?ith, Mim. etc. p. 74.

Flowers polygamous (perfect and staminate). Calyx 4-5-toothed. Petals
distinct or usually united below into a tubular-campanulate or infundibuli-
form 4-5-cleft corolla. Stamens various in number (8-200), distinct or
united at the t>ase, inserted into the base of the corolla or on the stalk of the
ovary. Legume continuous, not jointed, 1-celled, dry, 2-valvcd, many-
seeded. — Trees or often shrubs, very rarely herbaceous plants, unarmed, or
sometimes prickly ; the stipules often changed into spines ; very various in
foliage and habit. Leaves in the Nortli American species bipinnate, with
numerous leaflets. Flowers mostly yellow or while, in globular heads or
elongated spikes.

* Decandrous.

1. A. lulea (Leavenworth) : herbaceous, unarmed, prostrate, pubescent ;
branches elongated, angled ; stipules lanceolate-subulate, deciduous; petioles
destitute of glands ; pinnae 3-5 pairs ; leaflets oblong-linear, obtuse, ciliate,

404 LEGUMINOS^. Vachellia.

much crowded ; peduncles axillarj', solitary or geminate, longer than the
leaves ; flowers (yellow) in an oval or oblong head ; calyx deeply 4-toothed ;
petals oval, acutish, a Utile united ; stamens 10 ; legumes oblong, stipifale,
very oljtuse, Hat, 3-8-seeded. — Leavenworth! in Sill. jour. 7. 'p. Gl ; Hook.
8f Am. ! conipan. to hot. masx. 1. p. 24. A. nictitans, Nutt. ! mss.

Prairies, Alabama, Dr. Leavenworth ! Louisiana, Drummond ! Sfc. Ark-
ansas, Nuttall ! Dr. LeavemcortJi, ! Texas, Drummond ! Also in Florida ?
— Leaves sensitive : leaflets somewhat reticulated. Legumes about half
an inch in breadth.

* * Polyandrous : flowers in globose heads.

2. A. hirta (Nutt. ! mss.) : " unarmed, herbaceous, sparsely hirsute ; pin-
nae 10-13 pairs ; leaflets 24-30 pairs, very small, oblong-linear, obtusish,
with a few scattered hairs ; petioles without glands ; stipules minute, decidu-
ous ; heads globose, pedunculate, geminate in the axils or somewhat pani-
culate at the extremity of the branches ; stamens very numerous and slen-
der ; legumes flat, the inargin sinuaed, by abortion few-seeded."

Plains of the Arkansas and Red Rivers, Nuttall.' Dr. Pitcher ! Dr. Lea-
venworth ! On the Canadian, Dr. James .' Texan-, Drnmmond ! Dr. Lea-
vemvorth ! Louisiana, Dr. Hale ! May-June. — Plant 1-3 feet high, erect.
Stem angled, very leafy. Flowers white. Legumes membranaceous, about
2 inches long, linear-oblong, the margin often sinuate, and here and there
sometimes much constricted by the abortion of a portion of the seeds.

3. A. Texensis : unarmed, shrubby, nearly glabrous ; pinnse 5 pairs ;
leaflets about 20 pairs, linear-elliptical, obtuse at both ends, 1-nerved ; pe-
tiole destitute of glands ; stipules minute, deciduous ; peduncles axillary,
longer than the rather few-flowered globose heads, 1-3 together, simple or
sometimes elongated, and bearing 3-4 lateral peduncles ; flowers glabrous,
on short pedicels ; calyx very short, truncate ; petals lanceolate-spatulate ;
stamens very numerous ; fruit unknown.

Texas, Drummond ! — Resembles somewhat A. arborea, Bcnth.pl. Hart-
weg. (vix Willd.) ; but is glabrous, except a few scattered short hairs on the
rachis and margin of the leaflets, which are more obtuse, the heads of flowers
smaller, the stamens more numerous, &c.

t Introduced Species.

4. A. Julibrissin (Willd.) : unarmed, glabrous ; pinnee 8-12 pairs ; leaf-
lets 30 pairs, dimidiate-oblong, acute, slightly ciliate ; a depressed orbicular
gland at the base of the petiole ; heads pedunculate, corymbosely disposed
in a terminal panicle ; stamens numerous ; legimies flat, membranaceous,
glabrous. DC— Willd. spec. 4. p. 1065 ; DC. jjrodr. 2. p. 469.

In gardens and yards, Louisiana, Prof. Carpenter! cultivated and some-
what naturalized. — A small and very ornamental tree ; a native of Persia.
Flowers white ; the stamens flesh-color or purplish above. The Persian
name is said to mean " Silky-flower."

66. VACHELLIA. W. 8f Am. prodr. Ind. Or. I. p. 272.

Flowers polygamous (perfect and staminate). Calyx 5-toothed. Petals
combined into a tubular 5-6-toothed corolla. Stamens very numerous, dis-
tinct. Legume cylindrical, turgid, scarcely dehiscent, filled with pulp ; the
seeds in a double row. — A small spreading tree, with stipular straight
spines. Leaves bipinnate : pLnnse 2-8 pairs, witli a gland below tlie lower

Vachellia. ROSACEiE. 405

pair. Flowers (yellow) in globular heads : peduncles axillary, solitary or
2-3 together.

1. V. Farnesiana (W. & Arn.) : piiinrr 4-8 pairs; leaflets numerous,
linear, nearly glabrous : i)cduneles "i-li together. — Mimosa Farnesiana,
Linn. Acacia Farn siana, W'dld. spec. 4. ^>. 1083 ; DC. prodr. 2.
p. 4(51.

About New Orleans! Also near St. Marks, Florida, Dr. Chapman!
Southern Florida, Dr. Haskr ! doubtless introduced. This species is said,
like Acacia Arabica, to exude a considerable ([uantity of gum.

Crafordia bracleata i?a/. (Spccchio delle scienze, <f-c. 1814; DC. ■prodr. 2, p.
.552.) Under this name Mr. Rafincsque has described a papilionaceous plant, said
to have been found on tlie banks of the Susqucbannah River in Pennsylvania.
It is described as a twining plant, with unequally pinnate leaves, while spicate
flowers on a long peduncle, with scarious, subulate and persistent, ciliate bracts,
and the legume about 2. seeded. Tlic description does not at all accord with any
known Nortii American species, and, if it be correctly described, there is most pro.
bably some mistake respecting the native country of the plant in question.

Order XLIX. ROSACEA. Juss.

Sepals 5 (rarely 3-4), more or less united, commonly persistent ;
the odd one superior or next the axis. Petals 5, perigynous, regu-
lar, sometimes wanting. Stamens indefinite, rarely few, distinct,
incurved in aestivation, inserted into or next the disk whicli lines the
base of the calyx, just within the petals : anthers introrseor versatile.
Ovaries solitary or several, distinct, and free from the calyx, or more
or less coherent with its sides and with each other : ovules 1-2 or
sometimes more : styles lateral or terminal, sometimes partly united :
stigma various. Fruit either a drupe, a pome, achenia, or some-
times follicular. Seeds anatropous (rarely amphitropous or almost
orthotropous), mostly destitute of albumen at least when ripe. Em-
bryo straight : cotyledons flat or plano-convex. — Leaves alternate,
stipulate, simple or compound. Inflorescence various. FloAvers
occasionally polygamous or dioecious.

Suborder I. CHRYSOBALANE^. R. Br.

Calyx free from the ovary or cohering on one side with its base.
Petals and (the somewhat definite or indefinite) stamens more or less
irregular in size or position. Ovary solitary, with 2 collateral erect
ovules ; the style arising from its base. Fruit a drupe. — Trees or
shrubs (almost M'holly tropical), with simple glandless leaves ; the
fruit often eatable.

406 ROSACEA. Prunus.

1. CHRYSOBALANUS. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 428 ; DC.prodr. 2. p. 525.

Cal3'K campanulate, 5-cleft, persistent ; the segments nearly cfiual. Pe-
tals 5, unguiculate or sessile. Stamens about 20, in a single series ; those
next the style sometimes, shorter and abortive. Ovary sessile, with 2 col-
lateral ovules ; the style arising from the base. Drupe 1-seeded, with a
small quantity of pulp ; the nucleus coriaceous, usually 5-sulcate. — Un-
armed shrubs, with alternate mostly entire pinnately veined and reticulated
leaves, and minute stipules. Flowers in axillary or temiinal paniculate
cymes.

1. C. oblongifolius (Michx.) : flowers terminal ; filaments united at the
base, and, as well as the ovary, glabrous ; petals roundish, sessile ; fruit
oblong, nearly dry ; the nucleus not grooved ; leaves oblong, obovate-oblong,
or oblanceolate, sometimes emarginate, obscurely crenulate, usually gla-
brous ; the upper surface reticulated and shining. — Michx. ! jl. 1. p. 283 ;
Nutt. gen. 1. p. 301 ; Ell. sk. 1. p. 539 ; DC. I. c

Sandy pine woods, Georgia ! Alabama ! and Florida ! May-June. —
Trunk prostrate, slender ; the branches 8-12 inches high. Leaves nearly
sessile, sometimes (ex Michaux Sf Nutt.) tomentose beneath. Flowers small,
whhe. Style compressed. Fruit nearly an inch in length. — In some cases
we observe the vestiges of the style arising near the summit of the drupe.
The endocarp is neither grooved, nor dehiscent.

2. C. Icaco (Linn.) : flowers axillary ; filaments and ovary hirsute ; fruit
(large) roundish, esculent ; leaves obovate or roundish, emarginate, the up-
per surface shining and reticulated. — Jacq. stirp. Amer. t. 94 ; Plum.. Amer.
t. 158 ; BC. ! i^rodr. 2. p. 525.

Southern Florida, Br. Hasler /—The fruit is eaten in the West Indies,
under the name of Cocoa-Plum.

SuBORDKR II, AMYGDALE^. Juss.

Calyx free from the ovary, deciduous. Ovary solitary, with 2
collateral suspended ovules : styles terminal : stigma reniform or
emarginate. Fruit a drupe. Seed mostly solitary, suspended in
consequence of the cohesion of the funiculus with the side of the
cavity of the ovary. — Trees or shrubs (confined to cold or tempe-
rate climatv: ,) with simple leaves, which are commonly glandular
towards the base. Stipules free. Fruit eatable : the bark yielding
gum ; and the leaves, bark, and kernel containing hydrocyanic
acid.

2. PRUNUS. Tourn. ; Jnss. gen. p. 341 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 532.

Calyx urceolate-hemispherical ; the limb 5-parted, regular, deciduous.
Petals much spreading. Stamens 15-30. Ovary glabrous, with 2 collate-
ral pendulous ovules. Drupe ovate or oblong, fleshy, glabrous, usually co-
vered with a bloom ; the stone or nucleus more or less compressed, acute,
smooth, the margins somewhat grooved. — Small trees or shrubs. Leaves
serrate, convolute in vernation. Flowers usually appearing before the
leaves, from lateral buds ; the pedicels umbellate-fascicled. — Plum.

Pru.nus. ROSACEiE. 407

T^ P. Americana is the only native species of this country which has a flat
stone, grooved on both margins : the others are, in their fruit, somewhat in-
tcrmediato between tliis genus and Cerasus ; the stono being sliglitly com-
pressed, and the glaucous bloom wanting, except in P. marilima ; yet they aro
evidently Plums and not Cherries, and cannot witii propriety bo separated
from this gciius.

-^ 1. P. Americana (Mart-hall) : brandies somewhat thorny ; loaves ovatc-ob-
' long, ovate, or somewhat obovatc, eonspicuously acuminate, sliar{)ly and
often doubly serrate, strongly veined beneath, at length nearly glabrous;
petioles often biglandular; umbels !2-5-flo\vered ; drupe roundish-oval, (red
and yellow when ripe) nearly destitute of bloom. — Marsh, arhust. p. Ill ;
Darling t. ! f. Ccst. p. 287,'6fin ann. lye. NcioYork, 3. p. 87, /. 1. P.
nigra, Ait..' Kew. {ed. 1.) 2. p. 165 ,- Bot. mag. t. 1117 ; Pnrsh! fl. I. p.
331 ,• WillcL ! spec. 2. p. 993. P. hycmalis, Ell. si: 1. p. 542. Cerasus
nigra, Loisel. ; Scriiige in DC. ! prodr. 2. p. 538 ; Hook. 8f Arn. in
compan. to hot. mag. 1. p. 24 ; Hook. ! Jl. Bor.-Ani. 1. p. 167. P. triflora,
Raf. ann. nat. 1

0. mollis: leaves and pedicels pubescent, especially when young (drupe
blackish when ripe). — P. mollis, Torr. ! Jl. 1. p. 470. P. hiemalis, ^Mickx. !
jl. 1. p. 284. Cerasus hycmalis, Seringe ! I. c. C. Americana, Hook. Sf
Arn. I. c.

Banks of streams and in hedges, Canada! (from the Saskatchawan !) and
New England States! to Georgia and Louisiana ! and Texas ! Often culti-
vated. April-3Iay. — Stem 8-15 feet high; the old branches rough and
somewhat thorn}'. Leaves rather coarsely serrate. Drujie i-1 inch in
diametei, mostly reddish-orange when ripe, with a juicy yellow pulj) and a
thick tough skin. — Red Plum. Yellow Plum. — Few N. American plants
are difllised through so many degrees of latitude as the present species. It
is a true Plum and not a Cerasus. We have no Winter-plum ; and this
species, as Elliott and Dr. Darlington remark, ripens its fruit in July and
August.

-/^ 2. P. Chicasa (Michx.) : branches thorny ; leaves oblong-lanceolate or
oblanceolate, acute, serrulate with inflexed glandular-pointed d oth, nearly
glabrous; petioles mostly glandular; umbels 2-3-flowercd, the short pedi-
cels and calyx glabrous; drupe globose (red or yellowish red), nearly desti-
tute of Uofmi.— Michx..' fl. 1. p. 284 ,- Ell. sk. 1. p. 542 ; Darlingt. I. c.
P. angustifblia. Marsh. I. c. Cerasus Chicasa, DC. ! I. c. ; Hook. ! in
compan. to hot. mag. 1. jj. 24.

(i. 1 normcdis : pedicels and calyx more or less pubescent ; leaves oval,
tomentose-pubescent beneath, the sen^tures sometimes spreading.

South Western States ! and Arkansas ! perhaps only native of the country-
west of the Mississippi, from which, according to the traditions of the In-
dians, it was by them introduced into the Atlantic (Southern) States, where
it is extensively naturalized : sometimes cultivated in the Northern States.
April. 0. Texas &C Arkansas, Dr. Lenvemvortli ! Texas, Drummond ! — The
pubescent variety is perhaps the original Avild stock of tlie well-known do-
mesticated or naturalized Chickasaw Plum. Dr. Leavenworth remarks
that it is only 3 or 4 feet high on the Prairies of Arkansas, and that the
plums are small and rather astringent. The serratures of the leaves in Mr.
Drummond's specimens (which want the flowers) are more sharp and
salient, but Dr. Leavenworth's connect them with the cultivated form. Dr.
Hale speaks of this species as a naturalized plant even in Western Louisiana.
The fruit in cultivation is half an inch or more in diameter, with a thin
skin, and a tender pulp, usually very pleasant; but, like all our species,

408 ROSACEA. Pruncs.

very variable in quality. The flowers are much smaller than in P.
Americana.

•7*- 3. P. glandulosa (Hook.): low, somewhat thorny; branches pubescent
and crooked ; leaves (small) pubescent, oval, obtuse, often narrowed at the
base, the serratures, as well as those of the calyx-segments, spreading and
very glandular ; umbels 1-2-flowered ; ovary pubescent ; style elongated ;
fruit unknown. — Hook. ! icon. t. 288.

Texas, Drummond ! — Shrub a])parently a foot or less in height, with very
crooked branches. Leaves scarcely an inch in length, rather smooth above.
Flowers small.

/ . 4. P. maritiina (Wang.) : low ; branches seldom thorny ; leaves oval,
ovate, or somewhat obovate, mostly somewhat acuminate, finely and sharply
serrate ; petioles mostly biglandular ; umbels few-flowered ; pedicels short,
somewhat pubescent ; fruit subglobose (red or purple), covered with a
bloom.

a. leaves softly pubescent or tomentose beneath ; fruit large, pleasant.—
P. maritima, Wanii. Amer. j}- 103; Willd. ! enum. 1. j^- 519; DC. I.e.
P. sphaerocarpa, Alichx. ! fl. 1. jj. 284. P. pubescens, Pursh, fl. 1. p.
331 (quoad syn.) P. Uttoralis, Bigel. ! fl. Bast. ed. 2. _p. 193. Cerasus
pubescens, Serin ge, in DC. prodr. 2. p. 538.

/?. leaves when old mostly glabrous on both sides ; fruit smaller, red or
purplish. — P. pygmaea, Willd. spec. 2. p. 993, <^ enum. 1. p. 518. P.
declinata. Marsh, arhust. ? P. acuminata, Michx. ! I. c. (charac. bad.)
Cerasus pygmaea, Loisel. ; DC. I. c.

Sandy sea-coast, Massachusetts ! to New Jersey ! 0. Sandy barrens near
the coast or with the preceding, Long Island ! and New Jersey ! to Virginia.
Also Alabama, Mr. Buckley ! April-May. — A low shrub with stout strag-
gling branches. Leaves singly or doubly serrate, sometimes obtuse or with
a slight acumination, frequently acute. Fruit often an inch in diameter
and pleasant to the taste ; and sometimes even on the same stem smaller,
acerb and astringent. — The two forms here described may be traced into
each other with great certainty ; and Bigelow seems to have included both
under his P. littoraUs. The fruit of our /?. is sometimes scarcely half an
inch in diameter, and often pretty well-flavoured ; but it is only on a warm
sandy beach that it arrives to perfection. Pursh has evidently confounded
this plant with P. Americana, as Elliott remarks, and to that the fragments
in his herbarium seem, in part, to belong. — Beach Plum. Sand Plum.

t Introduced Species.

5. P. spinosa (Linn.) : branches thorny ; pedicels solitary ; caly-x cam-
panulate ; the lobes obtuse, longer than ihe tube ; leaves obovate-elliptical or
ovate, pubescent beneath, sharply and doubly toothed ; drupe globose. Ser-
inge.— Vahl, fl. Dan. t. 926 ; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 333 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 532 ;
Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 167.

In hedge-rows and cultivated grounds, introduced from Europe, and na-
turalized in some parts of Penns3dvania, according to Pursh, &c. — Black
Thorn. Sloe.

P. Canadensis (Linn. spec. ed. 2.) must doubtless be suppressed. The specimen
in the herbarium of Linnseus from which the character, as to the leaves, seems to
have been drawn, has neither flowers norfruit, and appears to belong to P. Ameri-
cana, Marsh., but that species has not racemose flowers. The specimen appended
to this, named by the younger Linnaeus " Americana," and referred by some person
to "C. racamosa, foliis amygdalinis Americana," Pluk. aim. t. 158,/. 4, is

Cerasus. R0SACE;E. 400

Ccrasus serotina : but the figure of Plukenet (leaves only) bclonfrs to somolliing ap.
parontly ditTorent, und tlio fipeciin"-?ti is not to bo found in liis hr;rbarinm. An-
other specinion, labelled \>y LinniDus "Canadensis, llort. Ups." is the P. pumiia,
Linn, mant., to which the synonym of Duh;;inel is subsequently referred.

3. CERASUS. Juss. gen. p. 340; DC.jrrodr. 2. p. 535.

Flowers as in Prunus. Drupe globose, flesliy, destitute of blofmi ; the nu-
cleus or stone mostly globose, smooth. — Trees or slirubs. Leaves condupli-
eate in vernation. — Cherry.

§ 1. Flowers from lateral leafiesshuds, appearing before r/r idth the leaves:
pedicels umbellate-fascicled {as in Prunus), or corymbose. — Eucerasus.

Cerasophora and some species of Laurocerasus, DC.

■f~ 1. C. pwmiZa (Michx.) : depressed-proslrate ; leaves oblanccoIale,obovate-
lanceolate, or sometimes oval, acute or ol)luse, sligluly and sjiarseiy serrate,
glabrous, whitish beneath ; umbels sessile, few-flowered ; drupes ovoid. —
Miaix. ! fi. 1. p. 286 ; Scringe, in DC. ! prodr. 2. p. 537 ; Ilooh. ji. Bor.-
Am. 1. p. 1G8. C. depressa,' Scringe, I. c. ; Hook. ! I. c. Prumis puinila,
Linn.! mant. p. 75 (excl. syn. ?) ; Willd. ! spec. 2. p. 990 ; Pursh ! fi. 1.
p. 538; Torr.lfi. I. p. AlO ; Guimp. Otto, &f Hayne, holz. t.Wd. P. de-
pressa, Pursh, I. c. ; Bigcl. ! fi. Bost. ed. 2. p. 192. P. Susquehannae,
IVilld. I enum. 1. p. 519. P. cuneata, Raf. ann. nat. p. 11.

Rocky or sandy shores of lalies and streams, Canada ! as far north as the
Saskatchawan ! and Hudson's Bay ! to Virginia. West to Missouri ! and
Arkansas ! May. — Sterna trailing ; the ascending branches 3 or 4 to 20 inches
high. Leaves variable in form. Fruit about the size of C. serotina, dark
red, etlible. — Sand Cherry.

'" 2. C. Pcnnsylvani.ca{X'0\s,.'\): leaves oval or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate,
membranaceous, finely serrate, tlie teeth mostly glandular, glabrous and
shining when old, mostly biglandular at the base ; umbels somewhat pedun-
culate and corymbose, manv-flowered ; the pedicels long and slender ; drupe
small, ovoid-subglobose.— ".SVr?«^e, in DC. I. c. (cpioad syn.) ; Hook. ! fi.
Bor.-Am. \. p. 168. C. borealis, Michx.! fi. 1. p. 286; Michx.f. sylv. 2.
p. 212, t. 90 ; Se-ringe ! I. c. Prunus Pennsylvanica, Linn. ! suppl. p. 252 ;
Ait.! Keic.{ed. 1.) 2. p. 165; iViUd. ! spec. 2. p. 992; Torr. ! fi. I. c.
P. lanceolata, Willd. ! arb. t. 3,f. 3. P. borealis, Pursh, I. c. ; Bigel. I. c.

Saskatcliawan ! and Newfoundland to Virginia ! North Western States !
to tlie northern part of the Rocky Mountains. April-May.— A small tree,
with reddish bark, marked with white dots, and regular branches. Leaves
when fully grown 2-5 inches long; the margins very glandular. Fruit
small, red, edible, but austere.— The fruit of this species is said by Pursh to
he caWed Choke-cherries : but this name is ordinarily applied to a different
species ; and the present is called Wild Red Cherry or Bird Cherry.

■' 3. C. umbcllata (Ell. under Prunus) : umbels terminal, many-flowered ;
leaves lanceolate, sliglitly acuminate, serrulate, glabrous, with 2 glands at
the base ; calyx pubescent. Ell. sk. I. p. bM.

" In very dry sandy soils. March. (Ripens its fruit in .July and August.) —
A small tree with expanding branches, forming a compact round head. . .
Leaves short, generally with a slight acumination. Flowers in fascicles,
terminating the rigid lateral brandies. Peduncles about an inch long. . .
Fruit small, spherical, red (pleasantly acid, and is employed in preserves)
Its flowers always expand and fall before the leaves unfold." Elliott.

52

410 ROSACEiE. Cerascs.

— This species is wholly unknov/n to us. Elliott compares it with C.
Pennsylvanica, whence we suppose it to be a Cerasus.

4. C. emarginata (Dougl.) : leaves oval or obovate, serrulate, obtuse and
often emar^inate, nearly glabrous, biglandular at the base ; corymbs few-
flowered, glabrous; segments of the calyx ovate, obtuse, reflexed; drupes
globose. — Dougl. ! in Hook. I. c.

Upper part of the Oregon River, Douglas! Nuttall! — Shrub 4-10 feet
high. Fruit somewhat resembling the Garden Cherry {Nutt.), but bitter
and astringent.

5. C. mollis (Dougl.) : leaves oblong or obovate-oblong, mostly obtuse,
tomentose-pubescent beneath, serrulate ; corymbs somewhat racemed, 6-6-
flowered, tomentose ; segments of the calyx very obtuse, reflexed, shorter
than the pubescent tube;" drupes ovoid. — Dougl. ! m Hook. fi. Bor.-Am. 1.
p. 169.

Oregon, common, Menzies ! Douglas! Mr. Tolmie ! Nuttall! — Tree
15-25 feet high, with brownish or purplish branches; the younger ones
down}^

§ 2. Flowers in racemes terminating leafy branches, appearing after the
evolution of the leaves : leaves deciduous. — Padus.

C. C. Virginiana (DC.) : leaves broadly oval or somewhat obovate, with
a short abrupt acumination, often subcordate at the base, very sharjily and
often doubly serrate with subulate teeth, mostly hairy in the axils of the
veins beneath ; petioles with 2 or more glands ; racemes short, erect or
spreading; petals orbicular; drupes subglobose, dark red. — Serin ge, in
DC. ! prodr. 2. p. 539 (excl. syn. Micfix.) ; Spach ! suite Buff. C. densi-
flora & fimbriata, 6jMc/i .' I. c. C. serotina, Lois. ? I. c. ; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-
Am. 1. p. 169. C. obovata. Beck. hot. p. 97. Prunus Virginiana, Linn. I
spec. 1. p. 473 (r^xcl. syn.) ; Willd. ! spec. 2. p. 986, Sf arh. t. 5, /. 1 ;
Gidmp. Otto, Sf Hayne, holz. t. 36. P. rubra. Ait. Kew. {ed. 1.) 2. p. 163.
P. serotina, Pursh ! I. c. ; Torr. ! fl. I. p. 468. P. obovata, Bigel. ! fi.
Bost. ed. 2. p. 192. P. hirsutus. Ell. sk. 1. p. 541 ?

p. low; flowers smaller. — P. nana, Du Roi ; Pott! (v. sp. in herb.
Willd.) Cerasus micrantha, Spach ! I. c.

Canada ! and Newfoundland, Hudson's Bay, and near Great Slave Lake,
lat. 62° {Richardson !) and Northern States! to Louisiana! April-May. —
A small tree or low sbrnb, with grayish bark. Leaves membranaceous,
2-3 inches long when full-grown. Fruit about as large as in C. serotina,
dark red when' fully ripe, edible but very astringent.— C/^o/t-e-C/ierr?/.— This
and the succeeding species are perfectly distinct, and are well characterized
by Ehrhart, who first distinguished them. The confusion respecting them
has resulted from an error of some of the older authors, and the subsequent
transposition of the specific names. The Prunus Virginiana of Linnseus
was founded on the present species (the Choke-Cherry), as appeffrs from his
description and herbarium : but the synonym adduced from Grono%-ius
relates to the succeeding species, that of Plukenet (omitted in ed. 2,) to Ilea
Virginica ! and that of Catesby (which Avas aftei-M^ards erased by Linnajus
in his own copy of the Species Plantarum) to Cerasus Caroliniana. Mi-
chaux having taken the following for the Linnrean species, the present ])lant
came to be erroneously called P. serotina by American botanists, applying
to it, as if to increase the confusion, the character of WiUdenow's P. sero-
tina. It is this species which is so nearly allied to C. Padus of Europe.

■' 7. C. serotina (DC.) : leaves (rather coriaceous) oval, oblong, or lanceolate-

Cerasus. ROSACEiE. HI

oblong, acuminate, glabrous, or bearded along the midrib boneaili, smooth
and shining above, finely serrate with appressed or incurved callous tecili ;
petioles (or base of the leaf) mostly with 2 or more plands ; racemes elon-
gated, spreading ; petals broadly obovate ; drupes globose, purplish-black.

Lois,? I. c. ; Serinffe .' in DC. I. c. ; Spach! L c. C. sylvestris, ice.
Gronov. .' Virg. p. 75. C. Virginiana, Michx. ! Jl. 1. p. 283; Michx. f.
sylv. 2. p. 204, /. 88 ; Hook. I. c. (excl. syn.) ; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 289.
Prunus serotina, Ehrh. beitr. 3. p. 20 ; IVilld. ! arh. t.^ 5, /. 2, S^- spec. 2.
p. 986 ; Guimp. Otto, Sf- Haync, liolz. t. 37 ; not of Pursh, Torr. Sfc. P.
Virginiana, Mill. diet. ; Du'Roi, liarhk. 2. p. 191 ; Wang. Amcr. t. 14, /.
3; Ell. sh. I. c. ; Torr. ! Jl. 1. p. 407; not of Linn., except as to syn.
Gronov. P. cartilaginea, Lvhm.! ind. sent. Hcunh. 183;5.

In woods, Canada ! to Florida and Western States ! May. — Tree 30-80
feet high, with spreading branches; the wood hard and close-grained, valua-
ble to cabinet-makers. Leaves 2-4 inches long. Racemes 2-5 inches in
length, at length nodding. Fruit 2-3 lines in diameter, edible, but slightly
bitter to the taste. — This is the C. Virginiana of Hooker, so far as relates to
the character and a part of the synonomy ; but the subjoined remiuksfrom
Richardson belong to the Choke-Cherrs', as he indeed suggests. In the
Northern States, this species ripens its fruit in August and September, about
a month later than C. Virginiana. — Wild Cherry. Black Cherry.

8. C. demissa (Nutt. ! mss.) : "shrubby; leaves ovate or oval, acute,
sharply serrulate with straight teeth, often cmarginate at the base, more or
less pubescent beneath ; racemes erect [or nodding], longer than the leaves;
calyx hemispherical ; the lobes short and obtuse, giandularly ciliate ; petals
roundish ; drupes red."

Plains of the Oregon towards tlie sea, and at the mouth of the Wahlamet,
Nuttall ! Oregon, Mr. Tohnic ! — This is apparently a quite distinct species,
gro\ving to the height of 5-6 feet, according to NuttalU with astringent fruit.
The petiole is mostly biglandular, the pedicels about the lengtli of the
flowers. To tliis perhaps belong the specimens of " C. serotina," collected
by Douglas in the vallies west of the Rocky Mountains, although it is not
improbable that the true C. Virginiana has this range in tlie north.

§ 3. Flowers in racemes, from the axils of the persistant leaves of the former
season. — Laurocerasus, Tourn. ; DC. (excl. § 1.)

A truly natural section, when properly charfictcrized, as above.

9. C. Caroliniana (Michx.) : leaves on short petioles, oblong-lanceolate,
acuminate, mucron-.Le, entire or sometimes spinulose-serrate, coriaceous,
veinless, smooth and shining above ; racemes dense, shorter than the leaves ;
drupe.-*" black, juiceless, persistent. — Michx. ! fl. 1. j!>. O^S ; DC. ! I. c.
Prunus Caroliniana, Ait. Kew. {ed. 1.) 2. p. 540 ; Ell. sk. 1. p. 540. P.
Lusitanica, Walt. Car. p. 167. Bumelia serrata, Pursh, fl. 1. p. 155,
ex Nutt.

River-banks, S. Carolina ! to Florida ! Louisiana ! and Arkansas !
March-April. — Tree 30-50 feet high. Leaves destitute of glands, almost
veinless. Petals small. Stamens about 15. — The leaves, according to El-
liott, are very poisonous, frequently destroying cattle that are teinpted to
browse freely on them in the spring of the year.

10. C. ilidfolius (Nutt. ! mss.) : leaves on short petioles, roundish-cordate or
broadly oval, spinosely-toothed, veiny, smooth and shining above, coria-
ceous ; racemes dense, about as long as tlie leaves ; drupes black, oval, acu-
minate.— Hook. 4' Arn. ! hot. Bcechey, suppl. p. 340, t. 83.

412 ROSACEiE. Nuttallia.

St. Barbara, California, Douglas ! Nuttall ! On the mountains. — " A
small much branched tree, with rather large bitter and astringent fruit : the
leaves sometimes undulate and very rigid, and sometimes flat." Nutt.

C. CapoUin (DC), which is the same with C. Capuli according to Schlech-
tendal, is cuUivated at St. Barbara, CaUfornia, according to Nuttall, who sends
us specimens under the name of C. longifoHus, Nutt. 7nss., which wholly agree
with those of Schlechtendal and of Bcntham {PI. Hartweg.) It belongs to the
section Padus, not to Laurocerasus, and is allied to C. serotina.

C. Padus, C. semperflorens, C. persicifiora, and Prunus cerasifera, have been
considered natives of North America, doubtless mistakenly.

Suborder III. ROSACEiE Proper.
Rosese, Sanguisorbese, PotcntilleEe, & Spiraeas, Juss.

Calyx (5- or sometimes 3-4-clsft, and often with as many acces-
sary segments or bracteoles) free from the ovaries. Stamens occa-
sionally few in number. Ovaries solitary or several, with 1-2 or
more suspended or ascending ovules, distinct or very rarely com-
bined, sometimes included in the persistent calyx-tube : styles ter-
minal or lateral : stigma simple or slightly dilated. Fruit either
follicular and then 1-10 seeded, or 1-seeded achenia. — Herbs, shrubs,
or very rarely trees (with astringent properties), with simple or
compound leaves.

Tribe I. SPIR^iE. Juss.

Calyx campanulate, imbricate, or sometimes valvate in aestivation.
Carpels mostly 5 (rarely more, or even reduced to 1 or 2), verticil-
late, follicular or 2-valved in fruit : styles terminal. Seeds 1-8 or 10
in each carpel, pendulous or ascending. — Shrubs or small trees,
rarely herbs.

Our Nuttallia forms an interesting transition from Amgydaleae to this tribe
(supposing it to comprise Kageneckia, «&c.) where, on the whole, we prefer to
place it.

4. NUTTALLIA. Torr. 4- Gr. in Hook. S^- Am. hot. Beechey, suppl.
p. 336, t. 82, not of Dick.

Flowers dioecious by abortion. CaljTc campanulate, 5-cleft ; the lobes
imbricate in sestivation, spreading, somewhat petaloid, deciduous. Petals
5, oblong-oval, slightly unguiculate. Stamens 15, in a double series^ of
which 10 are inserted, with the petals, into the margin of the coherent disk
which lines the tube of the calyx, and 5 (opposite the sepals) on its surface
at some distance below ; those of the fertile flowers similar, but all abortive :
filaments short, those of the lower series deflexed : anthers roundish, emar-
ginate at both ends. Ovaries 5, distinct, erect, obliquely obovate, glabrous
(wanting m the sterile flowers) : style somewhat lateral, filifomi, articulated
at the base, at length deciduous : stigma dilated : ovules 2, collateral, sus-

Spirjea. ROSACEiE. 413

pended. Fruit (by abortion) of 1-4 dry, coriaceous, indehisccnt ? obli(|ucly
obovate-oblong, 1-seeded carpels; " the exocarp a blackish-brown scarcely
succulent sldn, furnished with a bloom". {NuU.) Seed obovate, analropous:
albumen none. Cotyledons broadly obovate, compressed. — A small tree,
" exhaling a faint odor of bitter almonds," with obovate-oblong, entire, mem-
branaceous leaves. Stipules none. Flowers (white) in racemes : pedicels
bracteate, and usually 1-2-bracteolate ; the bracts and bracteoles linear,
elongated, persistent.

N. cerasiformis (Torr. & Gr. 1. c.)

Oregon, along the margins of pine woods, &:c., Douglas ! Dr. Scouler !
Dr. Gairdner ! Mr. Tolmie ! NiUtall! also in the back part of N. California,
Douglas ! and near St. Barbara, Nuttall ! — Tree with the habit of Amelan-
chier Canadensis, and about the same size, with smooth brownish branches.
Leaves 3-4 inches in length, apicuJate-mucronatc, tapering towards the
base, more or less pubescent; beneath, on short distinct ])etioles. Racemes
appearing with the leaves, each from the same bud with a branchlet, usual-
ly side by side, drooping, 7-12-flowered : pedicels elongated ; one or both
the bracteoles often arising from the base of the caljTC. The fruit, according
to Mr. Nuttall, is greediiy eaten by birds, although bitter to the taste, and
with the heavy odor of the' bitter almond. — This remarkable genus has been
kno-^^-n to us for several years, through flowering specimens communicated
by Dr. Scouler ; and on Mr. Nuttall's return with fine fruiting specimens,
he acceded to our wish that it should bear the name of Nuttallia ; a name
which, as Sir Wm. Hooker justly remarkc, " could not be attached to any
plant with greater propriety, than to one inhabiting a district of country
where that gentleman has so eminently signalized himself by his recent
laborious researches and discoveries." The Nuttallia of Dick, Barton, &c.,
is in this work reunited to Malva. The affinity of the genus seems to be
with Kageneckia and Us allies. The scarcely drupaceous carpels are per-
haps ultimately dehiscent.

5. SPIRjEA. Linn. ; Geertn.fr. t. 69 ; DC. prod r. 2. p. 541.

Calyx 5-cleft, persistent. Petals 5, obovate or roundish, equal. Stamens
10-50, inserted with the petals into the thin disk w^hich lines the calyx -tube.
Carpels 3-12, distinct, or rarely united at the base, often somewhat stipitate,
follicular, sometimes 2-valved, 1-10-seeded : styles terminal : stigmas ob-
tuse or capitate. — Unarmed shrubs or perennial herbs. Leaves alternate,
various. Flowers white or rose-color, sometimes by abortion dioecious.

§ 1. Flowers perfect : disk wholly coherent to the tube of the calyx : carpels
large, someichal united at the hose, inflated and divergent: one of the ovules
pendulous, the others (1-3) ascending: seeds obovate ; the testa firm, smooth
and shining : shrubs, with somewhat lohed stipulate leaves, and simjyle um-
belliform corymbs. — Puysocarpos, Camb.

-A-1. S. opidifolia (Liim.) : leaves roundish, often subcordate, 3-lobcd, doubly

' serrate, pelioled, nearly glabrous ; corymbs pedunculate, umbel-like, sonie-

what hemispherical, many-flowered ; pedicels filiform, glabrous or slightly

pubescent ; carpels 3-5, at length spreading and nmch larger than the calyx.

^Linn. spec. 1. p. 489 ; Michx. ! fl..\. p. 293 ; Ell. sk. 1. p. 540 ; Sennge,

414 ROSACEA. Spirjea.

in DC! prodr. 2. p. 542 (& 0. tomentella) ; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p.
171 ; Darlingt.fl. Cesl. p. 298.

p. mollis : leaves tomentose beneath with a stellate pubescence ; the lobes
often elongated, acute, and somewhat incised ; pedicels and calyx tomentose.
— Hook. ! I. c, Sc bat. Beechey, suppl. p. 338. S. capitata, Purs/i,fl. l.p.
342. S. ribifolia, Nutt. ! mss.
-f- y. faitciflora : leaves smaller, nearly glabrous ; corymbs few-flowered;
'carpels 2-4, or sometimes solitary, tomentose. — Hook. I. c. S. monoijj'na,
Torr. ! in ann. lye. NeivYork, 2 p. 194. S. pauciflora, Nutt..' mss.

£. ferruginea (Nutt. ! mss.) : leaves and branchlets tomentose throughout
with a brownish stellate pubescence ; carpels glabrous.

Banks of streams, Canada ! (as far north as the Saskatchawan) to Geor-
gia ! and Missouri ! /8. Oregon ! and CaHfcrnia ! y. Rocky Mountains in
about lat. 40°, Dr. James! Blue Mountains, Oregon Territory, Nuttall !
and at Kettle Falls of the Oregon, Douglas, e. Florida and Georgia, Nuttall!
and Alabama, Dr. Leavenworth, ex Nv.tt. June. — Stem 3-5 feet high ; the
old bark loose and detaching itself. Petals white or tinged with purple,
showy. Seeds very bitter. — Nine-bark.

§ 2. Flowers perfect : disk free at the margin, mostly crenate or icith glandu-
lar teeth or lobes : carpels distinct, not inflated : ovules mostly several, pen-
dulous : seeds mostly with a loose membranous testa, attenuate at each end:
shrubs iviih entire or serrate exstipulatc leaves. — EuspiRiEA.

* Flowers in fastigiate compound corymbs : ovules 5-8.

2. S. betulcefolia (Pallas) : leaves broadly oval, or ovate, glabrous, on short
petioles, serrate, ofteu slightly incised, the lower ones sometimes nearly en-
tire ; corymbs compound, fastigiate, many-flowered, often leafy ; segments
of the calyx as long as the tube ; carpels 5, glabrous. — Pall. fl. Ross. t. 16 ;
Seringe, in DC. prodr. 2. p. 554 ; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 172. S. cha-
maedrifolia, Pursii ; Cham. &■ Schlecht ! in Linncea, 2. p. 2 (ex auct. I. c. 6.
p. 589) ; Hook. I. c.

/?. leaves eUiptical (small), glabrous or a little pubescent; ovaries (al-
ways?) pubescent. — S. chamfedrifolia /?. Hook. Sf Am. ! bot. Beechey, p.
123. S. charasedrifolia. Pall. I. c. 1 not oiLinn.!

N. W. Coast ! to the Blue Mountains of Oregon ! and the Rocky Moun-
tains in lat 52°-54°. /?. Kotzebue's Sound, Capt. Beechey! — Stem 8-20
inches high ; the branches erect, reddish or purphsh, glabrous. Leaves 1-2
inches long, often acute at the base, serrate throughout or sometimes entire
towards the base. Flowers white, much crowded on the branches of the
broad and flat corymb. — The S. densiflora, Nutt. ! mss. seems only to differ
from the ordinary forms of this rather variable but well-marked species, in
having pale rose-colored petals. S. chanicedrifolia, Linn, is not a North
American plant. Small specimens of this species have been mistaken for
it, probably on account of their agreement with the figure of Pallas under
this name, but the original plant of Gmelin is wholly dilFcrent, and belongs
to the section Chanifedryon, where Seringe has placed it, having the sim-
ple umbel-like corymbs of S. hypericifolia, &c. We have not at^ hand ihe
figure in the Botanical Register, but conclude from Hooker's remark that Dr.
Lindley has talien the same view of the species.

3. S. corymbosa (Raf.) : minutely pubescent or glabrous; leaves oval or
ovate, on short petioles, whitish beneath, entire towards the base, unequally
and often doubly serrate towards the apex ; corymbs large, pedunculate,
several times compound, fastigiate, many-flowered, often leafy ; segments

Spira:a. rosacea. 4ir,

of the calyx broad, shorter than the tube ; carpels 3-5, glabrous. — Raf. /
prec. decouv., S^' in Deso. jour. hot. 1814, /;. ICH; Ton.! Jl. I. p. 482;
Seringe, I. c. ; not of Mulil. S. clianiffidrifolia, Pvrsh, I. c, not of Linn.
S. ceanotliifolia, Ilorncm. liort. Hafn. ? S. crat;rgifolia, Link, enuin. 7 S.
befulitfolia, Wals. dendrol. t. G7.

Canada? Mountains of Pennsylvania! Virginia! Georgia! and Ken-
tucky ! Maj'-June. — Stem 1-2 feet high, the branciics reddish. Leaves
2—3 inclies long, sometimes innisely tcwthcd above, rarely almost entire.
Coryml) 3-4 inches broad, 4-5 times compound ; tlie flowers (wliite or rose-
color) crowded on the uliimate divisions. — Perhaps not sufVicieiilly distinct
from S. befula}lblia, from which it chiefly difllrs in its larger leaves, more
compound pedunculate corymbs, and sliorter calyx-segments ; but Mr.
Nuttall's s])ecimen of S. densiflora, from Oregon, approaches it ; and a
specimen from Hooker, collected in Franklin's second over-land journey, is
certainly our plant.

* * Flowers in dense panicles : calyx-segments triangular, reflexed : ofw/rs9-ll.

4. iS. salicifolia (Linn.) : nearly glabrous ; leaves lanceolate or obovate-
oblong, simply or doubly serrate ; racemes in a crowded panicle ; car[)el3
5, glabrous.— ^L?«7i. I. c. ; Pall. fl. Ross. t. 21 ; Willd. ! spec. 2. p. 1055.

fi. lanceolata: leaves lanceolate, often entire towards the base; panicle
small, simple, loose ; flowers white.

y. paniculata {Alt.): leaves ovate-oblong ; branches of the panicle divari-
cate or spreading; flowers white. — S. alba, Du Roi ; Ehrh. ; Wats, dendrol.
t. 133.

i5. laiifolia (Ait.) : leaves obovate or «bovate-oblong ; panicle compound,
loose ; flowers while or pale rose-color. — S. salicifolia, Michx. ! I. c. ; Torr. !
fl. 1. p. 481 ; Darlingt. I. c. S. alba, Bigcl. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 197. S.
carpinifolia, Willd.! ennm. 1. p. 540.

Swampy thickets and along streams, Newfoundland ! and the Saskatcha-
wan ! to Georgia ! common. June-July. — Stem 2-5 feet high ; tlie branch-
es usually purplish. Leaves variable in shape, pale or glaucous beneath. —
Queen-rtf-the-incadow. Meadoic-sweet.

-/- 5. S. tomentosa (Linn.) : branches, paaicles, and lower surface of the
leaves lanuginous-touientose and rusty-colored ; leaves ovate or oblong, on
very short petioles, crowded, unequally serrate ; racemes short, dense, very
numerous, aggregated into a close virgate panicle ; carpels 5, tomentose,
si)reading. — Linn.! I. c. Michx.! I. c. ; Willd.! spec. 2. p. 1056; Scringe,
in DC. ! I. c. ; Hook. ! I. c.

Low grounds, Canada ! (from Lake Winipeg) to Georgia! & Kentucky.
July. — Stems 2-3 feet high. Flowers small, flesh-colored or pale purple.
Seeds subulate at each end. — Hard-hack.

•f-" 6. S. Dovglasii (Hook.) : young branches, panicle, and lower surface of
the leaves canescently tomentose; leaves oblong or elliptical, unequally
serrate towards the apex ; panicles dense Ij^-flowered, oblong, obtuse ; flowers
small ; stamens twice the length of the petals ; carpels 5, glabrous and
shining.— i^oot. .' fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 172.

Plains of the Oregon near the sea, and Straits of Da Fuca, Douglas !
Dr. Scolder! Nuttall ! July. — Nearly allied to S. tomentosa, but well
distinguished by the characters indicated by Hooker : the tomentum is al-
ways white.

■4 7. S. Menziesii (Hook.): upper branches, peduncles, and cal^Tc slightly
pubescent ; leaves elliptical, coarsely and unequally serrate towards the

416 R0SACE7E. Spirj;a.

apex, glabrous, of the same color both sides ; panicle dense, oblongs obtuse ;
flower's small ; stamens twice tlie length of the (rose-color) corolla ; carpels
5, glabrous. Hook. ! ji. Bor.-Am. 1. ^;. 173.

Oregon, Mcnzies ! Nutiall! — This species, as Mr. Nuttall remarks, seems
more nearly allied to S. salicifolia than to S. Douglasii : indeed h does not
obviously differ from some states of that species, except in tlie very dense
and obtuse panicle.

• * * Floii-icrs in large and loose compound panicles : calyx deeply 5-cleft,
spreading : disk wholly coherent, entire : ovules 2, collateral !

8. S. ariafolia (Smith) : leaves broadly ovate, petioled, obtuse, pinnati-
fidly incised or somewhat lobed, dentate with mucronate teeth, almost
glabrous above, canescently hairy or tomentose beneath ; panicle large and
loose, much branched, and, with the calyx, tomentose-pubescent ; seginents
of the calyx acute, spreading ; carpels 5, broad, compressed, margined,
very hirsute. — Smith! in Rees, cyd. ; Seringe, in DC. I.e.; Lindl. .' hot.
reg. t. 1365 ; Hook. ! Jl. Bor.-Am. I. p. 173, S^- hot. Beechey, svppl. f.
338.

p. discolor: leaves much smaller, cuneiform at the base, the serratures
scarcely mucronate, silvery-tomentose beneath. — S. discolor, Pursh. ! jl. \.
f. 342 ; Seringe, I. c. ; Torr. ! in ann. lye. New. York, 2. p. 195. S.
dumosa, Nuti. ! mss.

N. W. Coast ! Oregon ! and California ! [Menzies ! Dovglas ! Dr.
Seouler! Nuttall!) ff^ln the Rocky Movmtains, Dr. James! Nuttall J
and on the Kooskoosky River, Lewis ! June-July. — The ordinary form is
freciuently somewhat arborescent, according to Nuttall, with a stout trunk,
rising to the height of 12-14 feet. His S. dumosa is said to be a low shrub,
confined to mountain regions. Douglas's Californian specimens are quite
intermediate between the two, and probably came from the back countty :
the young leaves agree well with the description of Pursh.

§ 3. Floioers ferjeet, sometimes ietramerous : disk obsolete : sepals reftexed :
carpels distinct, straight or sometimes eortorted : ovules about 2, one above
the other, pendulous : stigmas capitate, usually very large : seeds . . . . :
herbs with pinnately divided stipulate leaves: inflorescence paniculate-
cymose. — Ulmaria, Moench.

/ 9. S. lobata (Murr.) : leaves pinnately 3-5-7-foliolate, often with sm.aller
stiijulate leaflets interposed ; lateral leaflets cuneifcmi at the base, palmate-
ly 3-parted or lobed ; the terminal one 7-9 pjuted, very large ; the lobes all
serrate, mostly incised or tootlied ; stipules reniform, persistent ; panicle very
compound, cymosely branched ; flowers large, deep rose-color ; sepals re-
flexed; styles short ; stigma very large; carpels 6-8, glabrous, straight. —
Murr. syst. p. 472: Jacq. hort. Vindoh. t. 88; Michx.! fl. 1. p. 294;
Willd. t spec. 2. p. 1062 ; Ell. I. c. ; Seringe, in DC. prodr. 2. p. 645.
S. palmata, Linn. sup])l. p. 262, not of Thunb.

Moist grounds and prairies, Pennsj^lvania ! and Michigan ! to S. Caroli-
na ! (towards the mountains) and Kentucky ! June-July. — Stem 5-8 ^feet
high, glabrous, striate, and angled. Upper cauline leaves short, 3-lobed.
Flowers numerous, incompletely cymose. — The bruised leaves are said to
exhale an odor similar to that of the Winter green.

10. S. Kamstchatka (Pallas) : leaves simply palmate, the upper ones
somcAvhat hastate or lanceolate ; petioles a])pendiculate ; flowers corymbose ;
sepals hairy, reflexed ; carpels very hirsute, parallel ; styles somewhat capi-

Spir^a. rosace jE. 417

tate. Serins:e.—Pull. Jl. Ross. \. p. 41, t. 94 ^ 48 ; WiLld. L c. ; DC. I. c. ;
Sj'rcmr. sijst. p. 50;J.

Aleutian Islands, ex Sprengd.

§ 4. Flowers dicecious : disk entire, coherent : filaments very long : carpels
distinct : ovules 8-12, pendulous : seeds with a loose membranous testa, at-
tenuate at each end: branching herbs, ivith tripinnately divided exstipulale
leaves: spikes filiform, very numerous, in a large compound panicle: pedi-
cels rcfiexed in fruit. — Aruncus, Seringe.

-^ 11. jS. Aruncus (Linn.) : leaves tripinnate, membranaceous ; leaflets
lanceolate-oblong, acuminate, the terminal ones ovate-lanceolate, sharply and
ineiselv doubly serrate ; flowers very numerous ; carpels 3-5, very glabrous.
—Linn. ! spec. \.p. 496; Pall.fi. Ross. 1. ^ 6 ; Michx.! fl. \. p. '294 ; Ell.
sk. \. p. 561 ; Seringe ! I. c. ; Hook.! I. c. S. acuminata, Dougl. ! mss. ;
Nutt. ! mss.

Pennsylvania ! and on the Cattskill Mountains, New York ! to (ieorgia !
Kentucky ! and Missouri ! mostly in the mountains. Also in the Rocky
Mountains ! and Oregon ! to Sitclia ! on the N. W. Coast. June-July. —
A tall brandling herb ; the panicle of slender splcate racemes large and
compound. Flowers very small, white. — Both Nuttall and Douglas con-
sider llie western ])lant a distinct species; but our opinion coincides with
that ofBongard and Hooker, who are unable to distinguish them. The va-
riety with jierfect flowers, first mentioned by Michaux, is probably Astilbe
decandra (Tiarella biternata, Vent.), wliich in habit strikingly resembles this
plant. — GoaVs-beard.

§ 5. Floicers perfect: disk icholly coherent with the tube of the calyx : fila-
ments united at the base, shorter than the obovate petals : ovaries 5 (4-6),
distinct, woolly along the inside : styles filiform, deciduous : stigma obtuse :
ovules about 6, pendulous from near the summit of the ovary : seeds 4, at-
tenuate at each end : stem nearly herbaceous, low : leaves exstipulate, pal-
mately cleft : raceme or panicle short, crowded. — Lutkea, Bongard.
(Eriogynia, Hook.)

12. .S. pectinata: stems csespitose, creeping; branches short, erect, leeify ;
leaves rigid, much attenuated and linear at the base, twice or thrice 3-cleft ;
the lobes linear, acute ; lower bracts similar to the lea^ es ; raceme woolly
(often compound), somewhat capitate, elongated in fruit — Saxifraga pectinata,
Pursh! fl.. 1. p. 312. Lutkea sibbaldioides. Bong..! veg. Silcha, in mem.
acad. St. Petersb. {ser. 6.) 2. p. 130, t. 2. Eriogynia pectinata. Hook. ! fl.
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 255, t. 88.

Behrin2;'s Straits, Menzies ! Sitcha, Bongard! Norfolk Sound, Esch-
schollz! 'Mount Ranier, Mr. Tolniic! "Height of Land" on the Rocky
Mountains near the sources of the Oregon, Drummond! — This interesting
plant cannot well be distinguished from Spinea, unless that genus should be
broken up into several, as has been proposed. Endlicher, we observe, has
left it in Saxifragaceffi.

§ 6. Flowers jterfcct : disk free above, nearly entire : filaments distinct, rather
longer than the spatulate-oblong {minutely lutiry) petals : ovaries 3-5, dis-
tinct: styles filiform, very hairy below: stigma simple : ovules 2-3, sus-

53

418 ROSACEiE. GiLLENiA.

pended : seeds 1-2 .• stems very shart, ctespitose, woody, imbricated vnth
spatulate entire exstipulate leaves : scapes, or flowering stems, sparsely
leafy : sjnke dense, cylindrical. — Petrophytum, Nutt. rnss.

13. S. ceespitosa (Nutt. ! mss.) : " low, shrubby ; leaves rosulate on the
very short tufted branches, small, spatulatc-oblong, entire, silky-villous ;
those of the scape scattered and much smaller ; flowers white, in a dense
spike ; calyx silky-villous ; the segments ovate, acute.

" On high slielving rocks in the Rocky Mountains, towards the sources of
the Platte. July. — A singular dwarf aljiine plant, with scarcely the habit of
Spiraea. Leaves about one-third of an inch long. Scapes 3—5 inches high ;
the cylindrical spikes an incli or two in length, obtuse. Bracts as long as the
flowers. Carpels linear, a little curved at the apex, dehiscent along the in-
side and 2-cleft. The taste of the plant scarcely percejnible." Nuttall.

S. hypericifolia (Linn.) was erroneously said by Linnaeus to come from North
America. The plant so called by Muhlenberg in his own herbarium is a variety
of S. salicifolia, although we believe a specimen of the true plant, sent by Muhlen-
berg, exists in the herbarium of Willdenow, probably a cultivated plant. Pursh
has committed some error in stating S. hypericifolia to grow in dry swamps of
Canada and New York.

iS. crenata (Linn.) must also be excluded from our flora.

S. sorhifolia (Linn.) is doubtless wrongly given by Pursh as a native of the
North West Coast.

6. GILLENIA. Manch, supiA. p. 286 ; Nutt. gen. 1. p. 307.

Calyx tubular-campanulate, the orifice somewhat contracted, 5-toothed ;
the teeth glandular-ciliate, erect. Petals 5, linear-lanceolate, very lopg,
somewhat unequal, inserted in the orifice of the calyx. Stamens 10-15,
mostly included, 5 of them sometimes shorter. Carpels 5, distinct or at first
connate, follicular or 2-valved : styles filiform, terminal : stigmas subcapi-
tate. Seeds 2-4 from near the base of each carpel, ascending, oval ; the
testa rather crustaceous. — Perennial herbs, with trifoliolate stipulate sub-
sessile leaves : leaflets membranaceous, doubly serrate and incised, petiolu-
late. Flowers (rose-color) axillary and terminal, paniculate-corymbose :
peduncles and pedicels elongated. — Roots emetic and cathartic, also said to
be tonic. — Indian-physic. Boiemati's Root.

•-'1. G. trifoliata {Mcench, \. c.) : stipules linear-setaceous, entire; leaflets
ovate-oblong, acuminate. — Nutt.! gen. I. c. ; DC! prodr. 2. p. 546; Dar-
lingt. fl. Cest.p. 300. Spirfea trifoUata, Linn. ! spec. 1. p. 489 ; Michx. !
fl. 1. p. 294 ; Bot. mag. t. 489 ; Willd. ! spec. 2. p. 1063 ; Mill. ic. t.
252 ; Bigcl. med. bot. 3. p. 11, t. 41 ; Bart. veg. mat. med. 1. t. 5.

Canada and Western part of NewYork ! to the upper districts of Georgia!
in shady woods : scarcely found west of the Alleghany Mountains. (South
Western part of Missouri, Dr. Engelmann.) June-July. — Stem 2-3 feet
high. Flowers large, nearly white. The seeds are intensely bitter to the
taste.

-r" 2. G. stipulacea (Nutt.): stipules ovate, foliaceous, doubly incised;
leaves lanceolate, deeply incised. — Nutt.! I. c, ; Ell. ! sk. 1. p. 562; DC!

Dryas. ROSACEiE. 419

/. c. Spiraea stipulata, W'dld.! enum. 1. p. 542. S. stipulacea, Pursh, fl.
I. p. 343; Bart. I. c. 1. t. G ; Camh. in ami. sci. nat. I. p. 387, t. 28.

Western Stares ! to Arkansas! and Louisiana ! Western part of Pennsyl-
vania ! and New York (not east of the Allei^hany Mountains), and in the
mountains of the Southern States to Ahihama ! June. — Radicle and lower
leaves almost piimatifid. Peduncles few-llowered.

Tkibe II. DRYADEiE.
PotontilleoB &. Sanguisorbcfe, Juss.

Calyx valvate or often imbricate in austivation. Stamens some-
times definite. Carpels (achenia) 1-scedcd and indchiscent, either
few or solitary, or numerous and then collected into a head on a
conical or hemispherical torus : ovules solitary, rarely 2, suspended
or ascending (sometimes amphitropous) : styles lateral or termi-
nal. — Herbs, shrubs, or rarely trees.

The suborder or tribe Sanguisorbcje of Jussieu, De Candolle, Lindlcy, &c.
appears to comprise genera that are not very nearly related, and is circuniscribed
by no constant character. The indurated calyx-tube contracted at the orifice is
perhaps the best character, but this does not well apply to Alciiemilla, Adenos-
toma, or Cercocarpus. Poterium and Cliftbrtia only have unisexual flowers.
Alchemilla has sometimes four ovaries, and Sibbaklia, Chamasrhodos, Wald-
Bteinia, and Dalibarda have often no greater number. If tlie few and definite
stamens be assumed as the leading character of the tribe, Poterium and CliSbrtia
would be excluded, while Horkclia, Sibbaldia, and ChamtBrhodos would be in.
eluded. If the absence of petals be deemed the most important character, we
must include Cercocarpus and exclude Purshia, while Agrimonia, Aremonia, and
Adenostoiaa (in which the calyx-tube is indurated, and the ovaries one or two,)
will be rejected from the tribe. The division wo propose rests upon more im-
portant and constant, although less obvious, characters, and appears to produce
a more natural arrangement. — It appears to us that the genus Cliffortia is incor-
reclly described. In the few species that we have examined, the seed is certainly
suspended, and the radicle superior.

Series 1. Seed attached to the extremity of (he cavity of the ovary
farthest from the insertion of the style. Radicle inferior.

Subtribe 1. Eudryade^:. — Calyx campanulate or turbinate, or rather
flat, valvate in aestivation. Stamens numerous. Carpels numerous, dry:
stj'le terminal. Seed erect. Radicle inferior. — Herbs or sometimes shrubby
plants. Flowers perfect.*

7. DRYAS. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 443 ; Gcertn. fr. i. 74.

Calyx concave at the base, 8-9-parted ; the segments nearly equal and in
a single series. Petals 8-9, large. Stamens numerous. Achenia nume-
rous, aggregated ou the dry receptacle, caudate with the very long persistent

• Coluria, R. Br. and Cowania, Don., also belong to this section.

420 ROSACEA. Geum.

plumose terminal styles : stigmas simple. Seed ascending. Radicle in-
ferior.— Depressed suflfrutescent plants, with simple leaves and large (white
or, yellow) flowers. Stipules adnate to the petiole. Peduncles tenninal,
1 -flowered.

fl. D. octopetala (Linn.) : leaves oblong-ovate, coarsely crenate-toothed,
obtuse at each end, clothed witli a white tomentum beneath, tlie veins pro-
minent; sepals linear ; flowers white. — Linn.! sjJec. 1. ^j. 501; Engl. hot.
t. 31 ; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 350 ; DC. ! prodr. 2. p. 550 ; Torr.! in ann. lye.
New York, 2. p. 195 ; Hook. ! Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 174.

Arctic America, and from Greenland ! and Labrador! to Behring's Straits!
and along the Rocky Mountains (lat. 52°-56°, Drummond !) to lat. 41°,
Dr. .James ! — Pubescence of the calyx and pedunde mixed with dark
glands.

•^2. JD. integrifolia (Vahl) : leaves oblong-ovate, broader and subcordate at
the base, the margin revolute, entire or very slightly toothed towards the
base, clothed with a white tomentum beneath ; the veins inconspicuous ;
sepals linear ; floAvers white. — Vahl! in act. Hafn. 4. p. Ill, ^' fl. Dan. t.
1216; Hook, e.rot. fl. t. 220 ; DC! I. c; Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 174.
D. tenella, Pursh! I. c. D. octopetala, var., Cham. i>f Scjilccht. ! in Lin-
ncea, 2. p. 3.

Arctic America, from Greenland ! and Labrador ! to Kotzebue's Sound !
White Mountains of New Hampshire, Prof. Peck, fide Pursh. Island of
Anticosti, Pursh ! — Chamisso & Schleclitendal view this plant as a more
arctic form of the preceding ; but Hooker considers it perfectly distinct.

7 3. D. Dritmmondii (Hook.) : leaves elliptical, slightly attenuate at the
base, crenate-serrate, clothed beneath, as well as the prominent veins, with
a white tomentum; sepals ovate; flowers yellow. — Hook.! hot. mag. t.
2972, cy fl.. Bor.-Am. I. c. D. octopetala, Richards. ! appx. Frankl. journ.
ed. 2. p. 21.

In the woody country from lat. 54° to 64°, and about Slave Lake to the
Arctic Sea in lat. 68°, Richardson ! Rocky Mountains, Drummond ! Island
of Anticosti, Pursh ! (in herh. Lamb.)

8. GEUM. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 443 ; DC. p)rodr. 2. p. 550.

Geum & Sieversia, JR. Br.

Calyx rather flat or obconic at the base, deeply 5-cleft, usually with 5
exterior alternate segments or bracteoles. Petals 5, obtuse or emarginate.
Stamens numerous, inserted into the disk which lines the base of the calyx
in nearly a single or in several rows : filaments somewhat persistent.
Achenia numerous, aggregated on the conical or cylindrical dry (glabrous or
hairy) receptacle, caudate with terminal persistent styles : stigmas simple or
retuse. Seed erect. Radicle inferior. — Perennial herbs, Avith variously
pinnately divided leaves. Flowers white, yellow, or purplish.

§ 1. Flowers erect {mostly small) : segments of the calyx reflexed: head of
carpels sessile : styles articulated and geniculate above the middle ; the
lower portion glabrous, persistent, uncinate at the apex after the deflexed
and mostly hairy tenninal portion falls away.—l^vGKvyi. (Carj^ophyl-
1 a strum & Calligeum, Fisch. <y Meyer.

Geum. ROSACE/E. 401

-*'■ 1. G. Virginianum (Linn.) : stem somewhat hirsute or sometimes nearly
glahroiis above.; radical leaves pinnate, or lyrately pinnate with the lateral
leaflets minute, or rarely simple and unrlivided ; eauline ones ;}-5-foliolaie or
lobed, toothed or serrate, softly |)ubescent or somewhat glabrous; sti])ules
mostly toothed; ])edimcles diverging and elongated in fruit; bracteoles
minute; petals (white) about the length of the ealyx, cuneate-obovate;
carpels s])aringly hispid ; style glabrous, the u\^\k't joint hairy at the base;
receptacles dens«'ly hirsute. — Linn..' spec. 1. j>. 500 ; Murr. in comm. Gait.
5. p. 30, t. 3; Willd.! spec. 2. p. 1113 ; Michx.! ft. 1. p. 301 ; Bio el. jl.
Bost. ed. 2. p. 206 ; Scnnoe ' in DC. prodr. 2. p. 550 ; Hook. ! Jl. Bor.-
Am. 1. p. 175. (scarcely of Fisch. \- Mej/er, 3id vnd. sem. St. Pelrop.) G.
album, Gmcl. stfst. 2. p. 861 ; li''tlld. ! 'enum. 1. p. 556 ; Fisch. iy Mei/er,

1. c. G. Canadense, .facej. Iiort. yindoh. 2. f. 275, not of Murr. G. lacini-
atum, Murr. (. c. t. 2 1 G. Carolinianum, Walt. 1

Woods and along streams, Canada! to Georgia! Missouri! and Ar-
kansas ! June-Aug. — Stem 1-3 feet high. Leaves exceedingly various in
their mode of division; the radical ones on long petioles; the upper eauline
nearly sessile ; the stipules also vary much in size. — We are not accjuainted
with any white-flowered American species that has a glabrous recej)tacle.
Perhaps the G. Virginianum of Fischer (a Meyer (G. heterophyllum, Desf.')
is not a native of this country. It certainly is not the original Linnsan
plant. — White Avens.

•^ 2. G.macrophijllwnl^\\\(\.): hispid; stem stout ; radical leaves lyrately
and interruptedly pinnate ; tlie lateral leaflets obovate or roundish, unequally
toothed ; the terminal one much larger, roundisli-cordate ; eauline leaves
•with 2-4 mostly minute lateral leaflets, the terminal one large, roundish,
3-lobcd or parted ; the lobes rounded and very obtuse, cuneiform at the base,
unequally toothed ; stipules toothed or nearly entire ; pedicels rather short ;
bracteoles often wanting; petals (yellow) orbicular-obovate, rather longer
than the calyx ; carpels slightl)^ hispid at the apex ; style glabrous, the
upper joint a little hairy; receptacle nearly glabrous. — Willd. ! enum. 1. p.
557; DC.f I. c. ; Bongard, veg. Sitcha, I. c p. 132; Cham. Sy Schlecht. !
in Linntea, 2. p. 5 ; Fisch. Sy Meyer, I. c. G. strictum 0. Hook. ! Jl. Bor.-
Am. \. p. 175.

Unalaschka, Sitcha, and N. W. Coast, Chamisso ! Tolmie ! &c. Oregon,
Dr.Scouler! Nuttall ! Lake Su\ienoT, Dr. Pitcher .' Canada, Mrs. Pcrd-
val ! White Mountains of New Hampshire, Nuttall ! Dr. Barratt ! June-
July. — Stem 1-2 feet high, very hispid, as well as tlie leaves, when J^oung,
the hairs often reflexed, leafy often to the summit. Caqjels minutely hairy
or pubescent when voung, "and with a few long bristly hairs towards the
apex. — A wholly distinct species. Flowers intermediate in size between G.
Virginianum and the following. The pubescence is variable in degree ; the
leaves being sometimes almost glabrous.

-^- 3. G. strictum (Ait.) : stem and petioles hirsute (hispid at the base), with
'spreading hairs; radical leaves interruptedly and somewhat lyrately pinnate;
the leaflets cuneiform-obovate, ineisely lobed and serrate; eauline leaves
3-5-foliolate ; the leaflets rhombic-ovate or oblong, acute, sharply toothed
and incised ; stipules large, incised ; flowers numerous ; bracteoles shorter
than the calyx-segments; petals (yellow) roundish-oval, longer than the
calyx ; carpels hispid at the apex ; style glabrous, the upper joint hairy ;
receptacle densely pubescent. — Ait. Kew. {ed. 1.) 2. p. 207 ; Willd. ! spec.

2. p. 1113; Bigel. Ji. Bost. ed. 2. p. 207 ; Hook.! I. c. (excl. /?.); Fisch. S^-
Meyer, I. c. G. Canadense, Murr. comm. Gatt. b. p. 34, t. 4 (not of Jacq.) ;
DC. ! I. c. G. Aleppicum, Jacq. ic. rar. t. 93. G. ranunculoides, Seringe!
in DC. prodr. 2. p. 550.

422 ROSACEiE. Geum.

In fields and moist places, New York ! and New England States ! to Canada !
Newfoundland ! Saskatchawan ! and alpine prairies of the Rocky Moun-
tains, Drummond ! July-Aug. — Stem stout, 2-3 feet high, simple, dichoto-
rnous at the summit. Pubescence of the leaves appressed. Flowers rather
large. — The name of Murray is oldest, but it was previously applied by
Jacquin to a different species.

§ 2. Flowers erect, very small : segments of the calyx refiexed : bracteoles
wanting : head of carpels exserted on a slender stipe : styles articulated
and geniculate towards the sumtnit, glabrous, uncinate after the dissimilar
deflexed terminal portion falls away. — Stylipus, Raf.

- -4. G. vernum : somewhat pubescent ; stems ascending, few-leaved,
slender; radical leaves either roundish-cordate and slightly 3-5-lobed, or
pinnate with the leaflets variously incised and lobed ; the cauline mostly
3-5-foliolate or lobed, serrate-toothed, ciliate, the uppermost leaflets lanceo-
late, incised ; stipules ovate, incisely toorhed ; petals (yellow) about the
length of the calyx-segments ; carpels scabrous, in a globose head ; recep-
tacle glabrous. — Stylipus vernus, Eaf. neogen. (1825) «. 3 ; Hook. ! ic. pi.
t. 286.

Border of woods and thickets, Ohio I and Kentucky ! to Arkansas ! and
Texas! April-June. — Stems 6-20 inches high, weak, dichotomous and
few-flowered at the summit. Pedicels elongated m fruit. Calyx-segments
triangular-ovate. Stipe nearly the length of the head of carpels. Seed,
embryo, &c. as in Geum. — This interesting plant accords with the preced-
ing section in habit and character, except in the constant absence of the
bracteoles (which occasionally happens m that section), and in the stipitate
:head of carpels, in which it agrees with G. rivale.

§ 3. Flowers large, nodding or erect : segments of the calyx erect or spread-
ing : head of carpels stipitate or sessile : styles articulated and geniculate
near the middle ; the upper joint mostly plumose and nearly persistent. —
Cartophyllata, Tourn., Seringe {excl. spec.)

"/'*' 5. G. rivale (Linn.): stem erect, nearly simple, pubescent; radical
leaves lyrately and interruptedly pinnate ; the cauline (1-2) trifoliolate, or
•3-lobed ; flowers few, nodding ; petals broadly obovate, emarginate, very
abruptly narrowed into a claw, about the length of the calyx ; head of
carpels stipitate ; achenia very hairy ; lower joint of the persistent style
glabrous above; the upper one joint plumose. — Linn.! spec. 1. p. 501;
Michx.! fl. 1. p. 301 ; Engl. hot. t. 106 ; DC. ! prodr. 2. p. 551 : HooJc. !
f,. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 175.

Bogs and wet meadows. New York ! and Pennsylvania ! to Newfound-
land ! and prairies in the northern portion of the Rocky Mountains ! May-
June. — Stem 1-3 feet high, retrorsely pubescent. Flowers large. Cal'V'x
purplish. Bracteoles minute. Petals light purplish-orange, at length longer
than the calyx. The creeping rhizoma is astringent, and is employed as a
popular remedy. — Water- Avens. Purple Avens.

6. G. geniculatum (Miclrx.) : stem erect, branchmg above, many-flowered ;
cauline leaves 3-parted; petals broadly cuneiform-obcordate, about the
length of the caly^c ; bracteoles reflexed in fruit ; achenia hairy ; the lower
joint of the persistent style hairy throughout, the upper one plumose- —
Michx. ! fl. 1. p. 300.

Geum. ROSACEjE. 423

Canada, Michaiix ! — Stem liirsulc below with rcflexed hairs, pubesrpiif or
villous al)ove ; the lower ])ortiori ami iIk- radical leaves wantiiif; in the spe-
cimen of herb. Michx. Flowers smaller than in G. rivale : petals aiijiarcnt-
ly pale purple.

§ 4. Floicers rather large, erect: segments of the calyx erect or spreading:
head of carpels sessile: style not articulated, wholly persistent. — Sikversia,
(WiUd.) R. Br.

* Styles plumose and much exserted in fruit (leaves not lyratc).

7. G. anemonoides (Willd.) : scape 1 -flowered, nearly nalted ; stolons
creeping; radical leaves pinnate, glabrous; leaflets about 7-9, narrowly
cuneiform, toothed at the apex ; stipules tiliform ; jjctals roundish, twice the
length of the calyx-segments ; styles elongated in fruit, plumose. — Willd.!
spec. 2. p. 1117 ,• Pursh ! I. c. ; DC. ! prodr. 2. p. 553. Sieversia anemon-
oides, Willd.! in Berl. mag. 3. p. 398; R. Br. ! I. c. Drj-as pentajietala,
Linn.! spec. 1. p. 501. Carjophyllata Kamstchatica, Lam. diet. 1.
p. 395.

"Islands towards the coast of America," Pallas! in herb. Willd.
" Unalaschka," Pallas ! in herb. Lamb. — Petjxls white. — Pursh quotes
Egede, descr. of Greenland , t. 2, as a figure of this plant. Willdenow found-
ed the genus Sieversia on this species, but erroneously stated the styles to be
lateral, as Mr. Brown has remarked.

~— 8. G. friflorum (Pursh) : villous-liirsute ; stem erect, nearly naked, about
3-flowered at the summit ; radical leaves interruj)tedly pinnate ; leaflets nu-
merous, crowded, cuneifonn-oblong, dee])ly incised and toothed ; pedicels
elongated ; bracteoles linear, longer thaii tlie proper calj-x-segments, as long
as the oblong petals ; styles very long and filiform in fruit, plumose. — Pursh !
Jt. 2. J). 736 ,- Seringe, in DC. prodr. 2. p). 533. Sieversia triflora, R. Br. !
in Parry's 1st voy. appx. p. 276; Richards. ! appx. Frank, journ. ed. 2. p.
21 ; Hook. ! hot. mag. t. 2858, S^fl. Bar.- Am. \. p. 176. S. rosea, Graham,
in Edinb. phil.jour. 1831.

On rocks &;c. Labrador! Newfoundland! Saskatchawan ! dec. Canada,
Pursh ! AVhite Mountains of New Hampshire (ex Hook.) Watertown, New
York, Dr. Crawe! Banks of the Ohio, Mr. Goldie! Illinois! Missouri! and
in the vallies of the Rocky Mountains ! May-.Iune. — Scape 6-10 inches
high, the upper part clothed, like the pedicels and calyx, with a soft villous
pubescence, with 2 opposite im])erfect laciniate leaves near the middle, and a
similar involucral pair at the origin of the inflorescence and about the middle
of each elongated lateral peduncle. Outline of the radical leavesoblong; the
tenninal leaflet not larger than the others ; the lower ones gradually
decreasing in size, with minute interposed leaflets. Flowers large.
Calyx purplish. Petals white, tinged with jmrple. St>-les at length 2
inches long.

fi G. glaciale (Adams) : clothed throughout with long silky fulvous hairs ;
scape 1-flowered ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate-oblong, the upper and lower
ones very small, the others often 1-2-toothed ; persistent styles very villous.
— " Adams, act. Mosk. 5. p. 96" ; DC. ! I. c. Sieversia glacialis, R. Br.
I. c; Cham. ^- Schlecht.! in Linnrea, 2. p. 5; Hook! fl. Bor.-Am. 1.
p. 176,

Shores of the Arctic Sea west of Mackenzie River {Sir J. Franklin !)
and Behring's Straits ! — Flowers very large, yellow.

424 ROSACEiE. Geum.

* * Styles naked, not exserted in fruit (leaves not lyrate).

10. G. Rossii (Seringe) : scape 1-flowered, slightly pubescent above,
somewhat 2-leaved ; radical leaves interruptedly pinnate, rather glabrous,
minutely ciliate ; leaflets ovate or cuneiform, 2-3-lobed or entire ; petals
roundish, longer than the ovate segments of the calyx (the veins all distinct) ;
carpels minutely hirsute; styles not exserted in fruit, glabrous. — DC. inodr.
2. p. 653. Sieversia Rossii, R. Br. ! in Parry's 1st voy. appx. j). 276, t. C. ;
Cham, if Schlecht. ! I. c. ; Hook. ! I. c. Potentilla nivalis, Torr. ! in ann.
lye. New York, 1. p. 32, t. 3,/. 2.

p. more pubescent, almost silky when young, somewhat larger; leaflets
more numerous and crowded; scape sometimes 2-flowered. — S. humilis,
R. Br. ! I. c. (without a description) ; Cham. 6f Schlecht. ! I. c. Geum tri-
florum, Torr.! in ann. lye. New York, 2. ^j. 195.

Melville Island, Mr. James Ross! Capt. Parry! Sfc. On .Tames' Peak
of the Rocky Mountains, about lat. 42° (at an elevation of 10,000 feet). Dr.
James! Also Bay of St. Lawrence, Chamisso ! 0. Unalaschka, Mr. Nel-
son! Chamisso! Rocky Mountains, Dr. James! — The specimen of Dr.
James, on which Potentilla nivalis, Torr. was founded, differs from the
Sieversia Rossii, R. Br. from Melville Island only in the more nume-
rous and crowded leaflets, which are a little more strongly ciliate : the
scape is scarcely 3 inches high. A larger specimen, collected by Dr.
James, probably in a less elevated region, is about 5 inches high, with
more pubescent leaves and a 2-flowered scape, and is nearly intermediate
between the former plant and the Sieversia humilis from Unalaschka. The
pedicel of each flower bears a bract near the middle, resembling the cau-
line bracteiform leaves, and consisting, like tliem, of a small incised lamina
with the stipules adnate to its base. Petals yellow. CaXys. obconic and
hairy at the base.

* * * Styles partly exserted in fruit, hairy below the middle : radicle leaves
lyrate: the terminal leaflet large and dilated, radiately veined; the lateral
few and minute or wanting.

11. G. PeeMi {'Pxxr^h) : nearly glabrous; scape paniculately branched
above, several-flowered, scarcely leafy ; radical leaves lyrately pinnate ; the
terminal leaflet very large, roundish-reniform, somewhat truncate at the base,
crenately toothed and somewhat incised ; the lateral ones minute ; peduncles
and calyx clothed with a minute soft pubescence ; petals broadly obovate ;
twice the length of the ovate-triangular calyx-segments ; bracteoles minute ;
styles in fruit about twice the length of the calyx, hairy towards the base.
—Pursh ! fl. I. p. 352 ; Bigel. ! fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 208 ; DC. ! x>rodr. 2. p.
554. Sieversia Peckii, R. Br. ! in Parry's 1st voy. appx. p. 276 ; Hook. !
lot. mag. t. 2863.

On the White Mountains of New Hampshire ! where it was discovered
by the late Prof. Peck of Harvard University. July. — Scape 12-18 inches
high (4-5 inches, ex iJ?'^eZo7«), furnished A\-ith 3 or 4 small and sessile incised
leaves, about 4-flowered. Terminal leaflet of the radical leaves often 4-5
inches in width. Flowers as large as those of G. montanum.

. 12. G. radiatum (Michx.) : very hirsute or hispid ; scape leafy, panicu-
culately branched at the summit, many- (5-1 0-) flowered ; radical leaves
lyrately pinnate ; the terminal leaflet very large, broadly renifonn, with an
open sinus, incisely doubly toothed and somewhat lobed ; lateral leaflets few
and minute ; cauline leaves (4-6), sessile, laciniate-toothed ; petals deeply

CJelm. ROSACEiE. 1J5

obconlatf, lonj^rr tliaii t}ic triaii^iular calyx-pri^nienls ; bractcoles niiniilo ;
styles in fruit not twice tlie liiiffth of the liirsutc ealyx, liairy at the l)a.se»
—Mkhx. ! Ji. I. J). 300 ; Ell. sk. 1. j>. 57.3. Sieversia radiaia', li. Br. I. <-.,
not of Hook.

On the Roan Mountain, N. Carolina, Michaux ! Mr. Curtis! .lulv.
— Abundantly distinct from the allied species of the N. W. Coa.st, wiih
which Pursh and some succeedinii botanists have confounded it. Ayjparent-
ly 1—2 feet high. Leaves hispid on the veins beneath, at length almost gla-
brous above. Pubescence of the ])eduncles <^:c. of" hirsute and downy hairs
intermixeil. Flowers large. Petals broadlv and deeply obcordate, yellow,
with a fulvous sj)ot at the base. Car|)els hirsute, as in the allied s|)ecies, and
also the b;ise of the stvle. — Mr. Curtis has rciliscovered this interesting ])l.ant
in the same locality where (as appears from his herbarium) Michaux had
collected it about 40 years before.

13. G. collJiiJollum ' {Smhh) : hirsute-pubescent; scajjc sim])le, 1-3-
leaved, 1-4-fIowered ; leaves lyrately j)innate ; the lateral leaflets few and
minute, or ot'ten none ; terminal leaflet cordate-orbicular, with a deep and
narrow sinus, crenately doubly toothed or somewhat incised ; the caulinc
leaves small, sessile ; petals obovale, emarginate or slightly obcordate, long-
er than the ovate-triangular calyx-segments ; bracteoles small : styles in
fruit about twice the length of the hairy calvx, hairy except near the summit.
— (t. Canitschaticuni, Pallas! in hrrh. Lamh. S^'c. (t. radiatinn, Pursli !

1. c. not of Mich.v. Sieversia rotundifiilia, Cham. ^' Schlecht.! in Linn tea,

2. p. 4. S. radiata, Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. l.j^. 177, not of E. Br.

a. dilntatum : less hairy ; leaves somewhat reniform, the sinus eitiier open
or closed, rather evenly doubly crenate ; the segments of the calyx lanceo-
late-ovate, entire. — G. calthitbliuni, Smith ! in Rees, cyclop. ; DC. I. c.
Sieversia dilatata, JR. Br. ! I. c. (without a cliaracter.) S. caltliifoUa, Z>.
Don ! in herb. Lamh.

p. rotunclifolium : more hirsute ; leaves nearly orbicular, with the dee])
sinus closed, incisely dentate-crenate ; segments of the calyx often with 2
small lateral teeth. — G. rotundifolium, Langsd. ! in DC. I. r. Sie\'ersia
rotundifolia, D. Don ! in herb. Lamh.

y. congestum : dwarf, more hirsute. — Sieversia congesta, A'. Br. ! I. c.
(without a character.)

North "West Coast, Unalaschka, &c., Pallas ! Langsdorff! Mcnzies !
Chamisso ! Mertens ! Mr. JXclson ! Mr. Tolnne ! — Caudex creeping or
prostrate. Scapes 3-8 inches high, ascending at I lie base or erect, slender :
the cauline leaves clasi)ing. Flowers as large as in G. montanum, yellow.
— We have examined, in different herbaria, many specimens apparently
wholly intermediate between these three varieties of what we consider a sin-
gle species ; and Pallas, Chamisso, and Hooker seem to have adopted ilic
same view.

X Doubtful Species.

14. G. ciliatum (Pursh) : pubescent ; stem simple; leaves rather glabrous,
ciliate, tlie lower ones pinnate, the cauline pinnatifid, the uppermost jialmate ;
segments linear, incised ; flowers somewhat corj'inbose. Purah, Jl. 1.
p. 352.

Banks of the Kooskoosk5% Leicis. An elegant sj)ecies ; flowers resembling
tliose of G. rivale. Pursli. — We do not find this species in Pursh's ])roper
herbarium ; but in his Canadian herbarium, formed subsequently to the pub-
lication of his Flora, this name is applied to a specimen of G. triflorum. — In
Hooker's Flora, this species is by a typographical mistake introduced undei
the name of G. pubescens.

54

426 ROSACEiE. Waldstkima.

9. WALDSTEINIA. Willd.nct. nat. cur. Berol. 2. ;;. 103; Tratt. Eos.

Waldsteinia & Comaropsis, DC. (excl. spec.)

Tube of the calyx turbinate or obconic ; the limb 5-cleft, with 5 alternate
sometimes minute and deciduous bracteoles, which are occasionally wanting.
Petals 5, sessile, decidtious. Stamens numerous, inserted into the throat of the
calyx above the glandular and somewhat crenated border of the disk which
lines the calyx-tube : filaments filiform, rather persistent. Achenia few
(2-6), dry or somewhat fleshy, minutely pubescent or hairy, inserted on a
short (glabrous or villous) rece])tacle : styles terminal, filiform, deciduous
frona the carpel by an articulation : stigma simple. Seed erect. Radicle
inferior. — Low perennial herbs, with a prostrate or creeping rhizoma, and
mostly radical roundish 3-5-lobed or divided leaves. Scapes bracteate,
several-flowered. Petals yellow.

The calyx of Dalibarda fragarioides, Michx., is (perhaps always) bracteolate ;
but the bracteoles are minute and deciduous. Tliis plant, and the nearly allied
Siberian species (which we have only seen in the Royal Herbarium at Berlin),
with D. lobata, Ell., do not differ from Waldsteinia gcoides of Hungary in any im-
portant character, except that tlie receptacle is villous in the former, and glabrous
in the latter species, wliich also has a somewhat leafy scape. The genus Co-
maropsis, therefore, will form at most only a section of Waldsteinia.

1. W. fragarioides (Tratt. 1. c.) : somewhat hairy ; rhizoma rather thick ;
leaves trifoliolate, with the leaflets broadly cuneiform and petiolulate (or
rarely somewhat united), crenate-toothed and incised ; scapes erect, bracte-
ate, several-flowered ; segments of the calyx shorter than iheobovate petals ;
carpels 4-6, minutely hairy. — Dalibarda fragarioides, Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 300,
t. 28 ; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 3.51 ; Bof. mag. t. 1567 ; Ton: ! fl. 1. jy. 491. Co-
maropsis fragarioides, DC! inodr. 2. p. bob; Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p.
177. C. Doniana, DC. I. c.

Shady woods and hill-sides, Canada ! and Northern States ! and on the
Alleghany Mountains to Georgia (ex Elliott). May-June. — Leaves and
scapes 4-8 inches high. Leaflets rarely 5. Bracts rather small, foliaceous.
The C. Doniana is certainly only a state of this plant with smaller petals.
— Barren Straxchemj.

2. W. lobata : hirsute ; stems somewhat flagelliform ; leaves nearl}^ orbi-
cular, cordate with a narrow sinus, incisely crenate, mostly 3-5-lobed ; scapes
filiform, ascending, somewhat cymosely 4-8-flowered, bracteate ; tube of the
calyx narrow ; the segments rather longer than the oval petals ; carpels
mostly 2, canescent. — Dalibarda lobata, Baldw. ! in Ell. sk. 1. ji. 571;
Hook. ! ic. pi. t. IQ.

Hills near Flint River, Georgia, Baldwin ! Near Augusta, Dr. Wray ! and
near Columbus in the same State, Dr. Boijkin ! April-June. — Rhizoma
slender. Leaves and scapes 4-8 inches high. Leaves hirsute on the veins,
clothed with a soft pubescence beneath. Bracts small, foUaceous.

Subtribe 2. Cercocarpej';. — Calyx tubular, sometimes imbricate in
aestivation. Stamens numerous. Carpel solitary, dry: style terminal.
Seed erect. Radicle inferior. — Shrubs or small trees. Flowers perfect.

Cercocarpus. ROSACEjE. 427

10. CERCOCARPUS. //. B. (f^- K. nov. gen. 6, p- 2'23, t. 659.

Tube of llie calyx f ylinclrical, very Ions; and ])edicellirorm, more or less
persistent ; tin; limb hemisi)1ierical-campanulate, 5-l(ibeil, deciduous : esti-
vation valvate ? Petals none. Stamens 15-25, inserted in 2-3 series on
the limb of ilic calyx: filaments short : anthers oval or roundish, deeply
emargiiiate or cleft at each end, often pubescent. Ovary solitary, free, with
a simple erect ovule : style terminal, filiform, villous : stigma obtuse. Ache-
nium linear-oblong, coriaceous (membranaceous, Kuntli.), caudate with tlie
long persistent plumose stj'le, which is more or less included in the slender
persistent tube of the calyx. Seed linear, witli a membranous testa, desti-
tute of albumen. Cotyledons long and linear. — Shrubs or small trees.
Leaves alternate, straight-veined, coriaceous, serrate or entire, on short pe-
tioles. Stii)ules wholly adnate to the base of the petiole. Flowers axillary
or terminating short leafy branches, sessile, or on short pedicels, mostly
fascicled.

-r^l. C. j)arvifoUiis (l^uH.l riiss.) : leaves cuneiform-obovate, silky-pubcs-
'cent or at length nearly glabrous above, tomentose-canescent beneath, coarse-
ly toothed towards the apex ; flowers solitary or in pairs, on short pedicels,
recurved ; tail of the fruit very long, densely ])luniose. — Hook. S^' Arn. ! bot.
Beechey, siippl. ]>• 337 ,• Hook. ! ic. pi. {inecl.) t. 323. C. folhergilloides,
Torr. ! in ami. bjc. New York, 2. p. 198, not of H. B. S^- K. !

Rocky Mountains, in busliy ravines near the sources of the IMatte, Dr.
James ! Nuflall ! California, Douglas ! .June. — A low shnib. Leaves
scarcely an inch in length, much smaller and less coriaceous than the C.
fothergilloides, which has numerous erect sessile flowers, fascicled in the
axils, &c.

2. C. hctidoides (Nutr. ! mss.) : " somewhat glabrous ; lea\'cs broadly obo-
.vate, shining and nearly glabrous above, jjubescent on the (not very promin-
ent) \'eins beneath, serrate-toothed towards the a])ex ; flowers 2-6 in a fasci-
cle, on short pedicels, recurA^d ; fruit unknown." — Hook. ! ic. j^l- (• 323.
{ined.)

" Mountains of St. Barbara, California ! Ajiril. — " A shrub, with the
leaves about twice as large as the ])receding, to which it is allied, resembling
those of Alims serrulata, but smaller." Nitftall. — We much doubt if this be
sufficiently distinct from tlie foregoing species, of which our specimen in
fruit, from Douglas's collection, has tlie leaves almost as large and nearly as
smooth.

3. C. ledifolius (Nutt. ! mss.) : leaves lanceolate, entire, veinless, revolute,
at length nearly glabrous above, tomcntose beneath, much crowded on the
short flowering branches ; flowers erect, sessile, 2-3 in a fascicle ; tail of the
fruit very long and tortuous. — Hook.! ic. p>l. t. 324. {ined.)

" Rocky Mountains, in al])ine situations on the summits of the hills of Bear
River of Timpanagos, near the celebrated " 2feer K^^mwfis," which abound
with carbonic acid. A sliridj, or small tree, G-10 feet high, with wliite
tough wood; the branches gray, terete, covered with circular cicatrizations.
Leaves resembling those of Ledum latifolium, very coriaceous, on ^■e^y short
petioles. Stamens and inner surface olllie flowers smooth. Tlic aclicniuni,
which with its tortuose and plumose tail almost exactly rescml)les the fruit
of some species of Stipa, is coriaceous, and 2-seeded. Testa of the seed

428 ROSACEiE. Sanguisorca.

tliin and brown. Embryo straight ; the radicle towards llie base ol" the calyx :
albumen none." Nuttail.

11. PURSHIA. DC. h) Linn, trans. 12, 2^.157 ; Hool: f. Bor.-Jm. 1.

2^. 170, t. 58.

Cal3^x tubular-infundibuliform, jtersisteni, fi-cleft at the siimiiiit ; the lobes
ovate, obtuse, sj)reading, imbricate in aestivation. Petals .5, o])ovatc, ungui-
eulate. Stamens 25, in a single series, inserted with the petals into the
throat of the calyx : filaments filiform : anthers roundisli. Ovary solitary
(2 ex R. Br. fide Hook.), free, slightly stipitate, with a single erect ovule,
attenuate into the subulate style : stigma lateral, extending nearly the
whole length of the style. Achenium oblong, attenuate at each end (glan-
dular-pubescent, as well as the calyx), coriaceo-membranaceous, striate,
crowned with the persistent glabrous style. Seed obovate : testa merabrana-
ceous, separated from the inner coat (albumen, Hook.) by a layer of deep
purple, resin-like, intensely bitter, granulated matter. Cotyledons broadly
oval, flat. — A shrub, with erect branches and numerous very short branch-
lets : buds scaly. Leaves very small, crowded and fascicled, cuneiform,
subsessile, 2-^-toothed at the apex, tomentose-canescent beneath. Stipules
minute, triangular. Flowers subsessile, solitary or crowded in the fascicles
of leaves : petals j^ellow ?

' ' P. tridenlata (DC. ! 1. c.) — Tigarea tridcntata, Pursli. ! fl. 1. p. 33,
t. 15.

Plains of the Rocky Mountains, principally on the western slopes, and on
the Oregon, Lewis ! Douglas ! Nuttail ! On the Flat-Head River, Mr.
Wyeth! " Almost the only shrub to be seen through an immense tract of
barren sandy soil from the head-waters of the Missouri to the Falls of the
Columbia, and from 38° to 48° of north latitude." Douglas, in Hook. I. c.
" Not prevalent or abundant as far south as lat. 42"=," Nuttail. — We have
never seen more than a single carpel ; and this is to all appearance indehis-
cent ; although DeCandolle describes it as opening by a longitudinal fissure.

Series 2. Seed attached next to the insertion of the style, either
ascending or suspended. Radicle always superior.

Subtribe 3. Sanguisorbe^. — Calyx-tube mostly indurated and contract-
ed at the mouth ; the segments valvate or rarely imbricate in aestivation.
Petals often wanting. Stamens few or definite (1-15, rarely more, as in
Poterium). Carpels 1-2, or rarely 3-4, dry : styles terminal or lateral :
stigma often plumose. Seed suspended, very rarely ascending. Radicle
superior. — Herbs or sometimes shrubby plants. Flowers occasionally poly-
gamous or dia^cious.

22. SANGUISORBA. Linn. ; Lam. ill t. 85.

Flowers perfect, or rarely polygamous. Tube of the calyx quadrangu-
lar, 2-3-bracteolate ; the limb 4-parted. Petals none. Stamens 4, oppo-

AcjENA. ROSACE /E. 4>0

site the calyx-segments: filaments often dilated upwards. Carpels l-'2 :
style filifonu : stigma penicilliform or fimbriate. Achenium dry, iiKliidcd
in the indurated 4-\vinged calyx-tid)e. Seed suspended. Perennial, rarely
annual herbs, with une(|ually piimale loaves, and foliaceous persistent sti-
pules: leaflets jiefiolulate, serrate or ])innalifid, often stipellale. Flowers
in very dense ovate or cylindrical spikes.

/' 1. .S. Canadensis (Linn.): perennial, glabrous; spikes elliptical when
young, cyUndrical and often much elongated in fruit ; stamens much longer
than^lie ealyx ; filaments flattened and dilated upwards; leaflets ovate or
oblong, serrate, obtuse, cordate, usually slipellafe ; carpel solitary. — S.
Canadensis and S. media, Linn, f^' authors.

a. leaflets lanceolate, oblong, or oblong-ovate ; spikes white. — S. Cana-
densis, Michx.! fl. 1. x>- 100 »• Torr. ! Ji. 1. p. 176,- DC! prodr. 2. p.
594 ; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 198. Piinpinella maxima Canadensis,
Cornuti, Canad. t. 174.

/3. leaflets ovate; spikes reddish or purple, at least when young. — S.
media, DC! I. c. ; Hook. I. c. S. Canadensis, Cham. &f Schlecht. in
Limuea, 2. /;. 32 ; Bongard, vcg. Sitcha, I. c. p. 133. S. Canadensis /?.
latifolia. Hook. I. c.

Wet meadows and borders of swamps, Newfoundland! Unalaschka,
Sitcha, &c. to the mountains of Georgia. West to Oregon ! fi. Oregon ! <te
N. W. Coast. Aug.-Oct. — Stem 1-4 feet high. Achenium .solitary. Calyx
3-bracteolate. — Burnet- Saxifrage.

-7-2. S. annua (Nutt. ! mss.) : annual, glabrous; stem branching; leaflets
4-6-pairs, oval, deeply peetinate-pinnatifid ; the segments linear and very
narrow ; heads elliptical ; bracteoles 3, large and scarious ; filaments short,
not dilated. — Poterium annuum, Nutt. ! mss. in Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p.
198.

Plamsof Red River, Arkansas, abundant in denuded situations, Nuttall !
Dr. Leavenworth ! and on rocks and moist places. Grand Ra])ids of the
Oregon to the Wahlamet, Douglas! i\"M/ta//.'— May-.Tuly.— Stem 10-20
inches high, slender, leafy. Leaflets cleft nearly to the midrib ; the seg-
ments obtuse or rather acute. Stii)ules resembling the leaflets. Heads at
length oblong. Flowers all perfect, brownish-green. Lobes of the calyx
broadly ovate, scarious, thickened at the base. Stamens 4, at length ex-
serted. — Mr. Nuttall distinguishes the Oregon plant, under the name of S.
occidentalis, on account of its more simple stems and more acute segments
of the leaves; but our specimens from Dr. Leavenworth seem wholly
similar. It is truly a Sanguisorba, although the habit is somewhat pe-
culiar.

^' Poterium Sanguisorba, Linn. {Burnet, of the gardens) is said by Hooker to
grow near Lake Huron, on the authority of a specimen from Dr. Todd. We
suspect, however, that it is not a native, but has escaped from a garden.

13. ACiENA. Linn. ; Vahl, enum. 1. p. 273.

Calyx with 2-3 scaly bracteoles at the ba.se ; the tube oblong, constricted
at the throat, armed with glochidiate bristles ; the limb .3-5-parted. Petals
none. Stamens 3-5, inserted on the throat of the calj^x. Ovaries 1, or
rarelv 2 : stvle temiinal : stigma cristate or multifid. Aclienium enclosed

430 ROSACEA. Agrimonia.

in the iiiduratod glofhi(li;ilc-ef;hinato calyx-tube. Seed suspended. — Peren-
nial lierLs or low sutthitescent plants. Leaves unequally pinnate : leaflets
serrate or incised. Flowers in crowded racemose .spikes or heads.

1. A. jnnnaiijic/a (Ruiz & Pav.) : flowers in a cylindrical crowded spike,
the lower ones somewhat remote; stem erect; leaflets linear-lanceolate,
incised [sometimes deeply pinnatifid], hirsute beneath. DC. — Euiz
Pav. Jf.. Per. 1. p. 68, t. 104, /. 1 ; Lindl. hot. reg. t. 1271 ,• Hook.
Am. ! in hot. misc. 3. p. 307, &f hot. Beechey, siqypl. p. 339.

California, Douglas! — The Califoniian plant is said by Hooker & Ar-
nott to accord with their var. y. of the Cliilian A. pinnatiflda, which seems
(o vary greatly in its foliage. The leaflets in this form are deeply pinnatifid,
with very narrow segments, and the upper i)art of the stein is almost
lomentose. The 5 calyx-segments are articulated with the tube, thick and
coriaceous : the stamens are usually 3.

14. ADENOSTOMA. Hook. S; Am. hot. Beechey, p. 139, t. 30 ; S^-p. 338.

Calyx infundibuliform-campanulate, 10-striate, 5-toothed ; the teeth
colored, short and broad, mucronulate-acute, spreading ; the throat scarcely
contracted, furnished with 5 transverse oblong fleshy glands. Petals 5,
orbicular, scarcely unguiculate, spreading. Stamens 9-15, erect-spreading,
inflexed in aestivation : filaments filiform : anthers roundish. Ovary obo-
vate, with a single or 2 collateral suspended ovules, obliquely truncate and
pubescent at the summit : style terminal or nearly so, flexuous, included :
stigma thickened, obtuse. Achenium coriaceous, 1 -seeded, included in the
indurated tube of the calyx. — -A rigid glabrous evergreen shrub, with nume-
rous branches. Leaves sessile, densely fascicled, rigid, linear-acerose, uith
minute scale-like stipules. Flowers small (while), clustered in short spikes,
which are disposed in compound dense terminal panicles : bracts numerous,
minute.

A. fasciculata (Hook. & Am. ! 1. c.)
a. leaves mostly acute, slightly petioled.

iS. leaves shorter and thicker, sessile, usually obtuse. — A. brevifolia,
Mitt.! viss.

On the declivities of mountains, St. Barbara, St. Francisco, and Monterey,
California, Beechey, Douglas! Nuttall! /?. St. Diego, Nuttall! May. —
This singular shrub has somewhat the habit of Tamarix, as Mr. Nuttall
remarks. The rigid somewhat triangular leaves are about half an inch in
length (m var. /?. shorter), and are inclined to fall in dried specimens. Mr.
Nuttall proposes to form a distinct section or tribe for its reception (Adeno-
stomaceee, Nutt.) ; but we leave it for the present in Sanguisorbe<"B, wiih
which it has many points of resemblance : in foliage it is not unlike
Margyricarpus.

15. AGRIMONTA. Town. inst. t. 155 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 587.

Calyx turbinate, armed with hooked bristles above, contracted at tlie
throat; the limb 5-cleft, connivent after flowering. Petals 5. Stamens

AoKiMo.MA. HOSACK/K. .l.jl

12-15, inserted with llie petals into the glandular ring in tlio tliroat of the
calyx. Ovaries 2 : style terminal. Aehenia included in the indurated tube
of the calyx. Seed suspended. — Perennial herbs, with pinnate leaves, and
yellow flowers in slender spicatc racemes. IJracts 3-clefl: ])editels 2-lirac-
teolate. — Agrimomj.

-f~ 1. A. Eiq)a((ma (Linn.) : stem and jjelioles liirsule ; leaves interruptedly
' pinnate: leatleLs oblong-obovate, 5-7, wiili minute ones intermixed, coarsely
toothed, hirsute-pubescent or nearly glalirous beneath ; sli|>ules with a few
coarse teeth ; calyx sulcate towards the base ; petals twice tlie length of the
calyx.— Fwrs/i / //. \. p. 335; Engl. hof. /. 1335 ; Torr.! fi. 1. 7?. 473,•
Z)C..' /. c; Honk.! J!. Bor.-Am. I. p. 19G.

fi. hirsuta (Torr. 1. c.) : smaller and more hairy.

y. wollis : up})er part of the stem, petioles, and lower surface of the leaves
clothed with a dense and soft ajipressed ])ubescence.

6. parviftora : smoother ; racemes more slender, with the flowers rather
remote. — Hoolc. I. c. (excl. syn.) A. striata, Michx.! ft. 1. p. 287. A.
parviflora, DC. ! I. c.

Borders of woods, Canada ! to Georgia ! Kentucky ! and Louisiana !
y. Red River, Dr. Pitcher! .Tidy. — Stem 2-4 feet high. Spikes virgate.
Flowers variable in size, rather distant in fruit. — Thepetals in Michaux's
specimen of A. striata are not white, as he has stated tliem to be, but
yellow.

. ' 2. A. parviflora (Ait.) : stem and petioles ver}^ hirsute with brownish
spreading hairs; leaves interruptedly ])innate ; leaflets numerous (11-19),
crowded, with smaller ones intermixed, lanceolate, acute, deepl}^ serrate-
incised with numerous and regular teeth, scabrous above, pid)escent beneath ;
stipules acutely incised : ?-;ieemes virgate ; flowers small. — Ait. ! Keu\ (ed.
1.) 2. p. 130 ;' Pursh ! ft. 1. p. 336. A. suaveolens, Pursh! I. c. ; Ell. sk.
1. p. 636 (ex descr.) A. Eu])atoria, Michx. ! ft. 1. p. 287 (chiefly).

Woods and dry meadows, Pennsylvania to Virginia ! and the upper dis-
tricts of S. Carolina ! and Georgia ! west to Kentucky ! and Tennessee.
July-Aug. — Stem 4-5 feet high. Leaflets 2-3 inches long, narrow, often
nearly linear, serrate with 10-12 deep acute teeth on each side. Racemes
many-flowered : pedicels distinct, longer than the bracts. Petals small,
pale yellow. — The resinous dots, whicli are to be found on the lower surface
of the leaves in nearly all the species, are in this particularly abundant
throughout, among tiie hairs, rendering the plant somewhat viscous, and
giving it an agreeable balsamic scent. In foliage it somewhat resembles
A. repens ; but the leaflets are still narrower, the flowers about half the
size, and the bracts inconspicuous ; the raceme loose, &c.

3. A. incisa : stem and petioles clothed with a soft ajipressed pubescence,
and liirsute spreading hairs intermixed ; leaves inteniptedly pinnate ; leaf-
lets 3-5 pairs, with smaller ones interj)Osed, oblong, short, deeply incised
with 3-6 spreading unequal teeth on each side, nearly glabrous above, can-
escently hairy beneath ; stipules deeply cleft ; racemes Virgate ; die flowers
small and remote, on veTy short pedicels.

N. Carolina? Georgia, Le Conte ! Alabama, Dr. Gates ! Tampa Bav,
V\or'u\ii, Dr. Bvrroics ! — This seems to be a very distinct species, and to
prevail in the southern Atlantic States; while the preceding prefers the
mountains, and has a more western range. The flowers are rather larger
than in A. parviflora ; the lobes of the calyx very short ; the leaflets not
half the length of that species, incisely puinatifid. A fragment exists in
Michaux's herbarium, confounded with his A. Eupatoria.

432 ROSACEiE. Alchemilla.

16. ALCHEMILLA. Tourn. ; DC. prodr. 2. ;;. 589.

■' Calyx-tube obronic, contracted at tlic throat by an annular disk ; the limb
4- (rarely -5- ) parted, with as many smaller alternate lobes (bracteoles).
Petals none. Stamens 1-4. Ovaries 1-4, stipitate or sessile in the bottom of
the calyx : style arising from near the base of the ovary, filifonn : stigma
mostly capitate. Achenia 1-4, included in the persistent calyx. Seed fixed
near the base of the carpel (at the origin of the style), ascending, almost
orthotropous. Radicle superior. — Low herbs, mostly with palmately lobed
or compound leaves, adnate stipules, and small corj'mbose flowers.

§ 1. Perennial : alternate lohes of the calyx or bracteoles smaller than the
others : stamens 2-4. — Alchemilla, Linn.

1. A. vulgaris (Linn.) : leaves radical, reniform, 7-9-lobed to about one-
third their depth ; the lobes somewhat semi-orbicular, serrate throughout ;
flowers in terminal dichotomous corymbs. — Fl. Dan. t. 963 ; Engl. hot. t.
597 ; DC! jjrodr. 2. p. 589 ; Hook. 1 fl,. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 197.

Greenland ! and Labrador ! but not elsewhere detected in N. America.

2. A. alpina (Linn.) : leaves radical, 5-7-parted to the base; the seg-
ments cuneiform-oblanceolate, incisely serrate with appressed teeth at the
apex, silky beneath ; flowers corymbose. — Fl. Dan. t. 49 ,• Engl. hot. t.
244 ; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 112.

Greenland : also on the summits of the "White Mountains, New Hamp-
shire, and Green Mountains, Veniiont, according to Pursh ; but this is ex-
tremely doubtful.

§ 2. Annual : alternate lohes of the calyx minute : fertile stamens 1-2 ;
anthers {hy confluence) nearly 1-celled. — Aphanes, Linn.

3. A. arvensis (Scopoli) : leaves puhescent, petioled, 3-paited; the seg-
ments 2-3-cleft; flowers axillary, glomerate. DC. — Scop. fl. Cam. 1. p.
115 ; PursJi, I. c. ; DC. ! I. c. Aphanes arvensis, Linn. .' I. c. ; Fl. Dan.
t. 973 ; Lam. ill. t. 87.

Virginia, in fields, Clayton ! probably introduced. — We have seen no
American specimens except those in the herbarium of Claj-ton. The two
following species of Mr. Nuttall are extremely near the present.

^ ' A. A. occidentalis (Nutt. ! mss.) : "somewhat hirsute; leaves smaller,
smoothish, petioled, 3-parted ; the segments 2-3-clefl ; flowers axillary,
clustered ; calyx 4-eleft, with 4 intermediate teeth ; the lobes acute and
much shorter than tlie tube.

" Rocky plains of the Oregon, towards the sea; common. — Closely allied
to A. arvensis, but a much smaller plant ; the limb of the calyx shorter,
with the intermediate teeth more conspicuous. The seed is also smaller and
paler." Nuttall.

5. A. cun eifoli a {Nntt. I mss.): "somewhat hirsute; leaves cuneiform,
cleft and lobed at the sunmiit only, 3-clelt; the segments short; flowers
axillary, clustered ; calyx 5-cleft, the intermediate teeth obsolete.

" Dry plains, St. Barbara, California. — A slender species, with the leaves
much longer than broad. Segments of the calyx acute, with now and then
a rudimentary or solitary intermediate tooth." Nuttall.

Chamairhodos. ROSACEiE. 433

Subtribe 4. Cham^rhode^.. — Calyx campanulate or rather flat, valvate
in aestivation. Stamens 5-10. Carpels 5-10, or sometimes numerous, dry
(as well as the receptacle) : styles lateral or terminal. Seed ascending or
suspended. Radicle superior. — Herbs or low suflTrutescent plants.

.J^ 17. SIBBALDIA. Unn. (pnrtly) ; Lchh. Jl. Alt. 1. p. 480.

Calyx ra'hcr flat, 5-ck'ft and 5-bracteolale. Petals 5, linear-oblong,
minute. Slaincus 5, alternate with the petals, inserted into the margin of
the villous disk which lines the base of the calyx : filaments short. Achenia
5-10, on very short hairy stipes : styles lateral : stigmas capitate, depressed.
Seed ascending, ampliitroixms. Radicle superior. — Procumbent or de-
pressed sufTruticose j)laiil.s, not glandular. Petals white or yellow.

The genus difFers from Potentilla only in the fewer stamens and pistils, and
minute petals.

1. S. jyrocvrnbens (Linn.): leaves tri(()liolate, on long ])etioles ; leaflets
cuneiform, 3-toothed at the summit, glabrous above, pubescent beneath ; pe-
tals acute, shorter than the eah^ (\-ello\v). — Ensl- hot. t. 897 ; Fl. Dan. t.
32 ; Pursh,Ji. l.p. 211 ; DC.'l. c.) Cham. S^- Schlecht. in Linnfea, 2. p. 28;
Hook. ! I. c.

Greenland ! Labrador ! Unalaschka ! and on the summits of the Rocky
Mountains, lat 52°-56°, Drumnwnd ! Doitiiicis ! to lat. 42° (near perpetual
snow). Dr. James! Nuttall ! Also on tlie Mountains of Canada and Ver-
mont, according to Pursh : but this is very doubtful.

18. CHAM.^RHODOS. Bunge, in Ledeb.fl. Alt. 1. p. 431.

Calj'^x campanulate, deeply 5-cleft, ebracteolate ; the base lined with a
membranous disk, which is very" densely bearded at the margin. Petals 5,
obovate. Stamens 5, opposite the petals ! and inserted with them into the
sinuses of the calyx above the disk : filaments subulate, short, persistent.
Achenia 5-10 or more : styles arising near the base of the ovaries, subulate.
Receptacle conical, villous. Seed ascending, nearly orthotropous. Radicle
superior. — Small erect and branching glandular-pubescent herbs ; perennial
or biennial. Leaves many-cleft ; the segments linear. Inflorescence di-
chotomously cymose. Petals white or purplisli.

— 1. C. erecta (Bunge) : stems slender, ])aniculately branched ; radical
leaves rosulate, ternately or biternately maiiy-eleft ; the segments very nar-
row, obtuse ; the upper cauline ones 3-5-cicfi ; petjds (wliite) longer than the
calyx; ovaries 5-20. — BunQe, in Ledeh. ! I. c. ; Hook. ! Jl. Bar. -Am. 1.
p. 196. Sibbaldia erecta, Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 221, f. 2 ; DC. ! prodr. 2.
p. 587.

/?. Nuttallii : flowers smaller ; petals scarcely longer than tlie calyx. — C.
Nuttallii, PicArcrin^/ ?nss. Sibbaldia erecta /(?. parviflora, Nutt. ! gen. 1.
p. 207.

Rocky Mountains, lat. 52°-56=', J)r«/w»io«J/ and on the Saskatchawan,
Richardson. 1^. Missouri, near tiie Mandan villages, Nuttall ! — The plant

55

434 ROSACA/E. Horkelia.

of Druiuniond exactly acconis witli Altaic spccinn'iis, some of the forms of
which we cannot well distinguish from Mr. Nuttall's plant.

19. HORKELIA. Chrmi. S^' Schlecht. in Linntea, 2. p. 2G.

Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft, and with 5 alternate segments or bracteoles.
Petals 5, inostly longer than the calyx, obovate or cuneiform, unguiculate.
Stamens 10, in 2 series : filaments shorter than the calyx-segments, dilated,
often deltoid, persistent ; those opposite the petals rather smaller and inserted
lower down. Ovaries numerous, fixed by their middle to the dry conical
villous receptacle : styles filiform, terminal, articulated with the ovary by a
broad base, at length deciduous : stigmas obtuse. Achenia smooth, rcniform-
ovate. Seed suspended, obovate, with a thick and firm brownish testa.
Colyledons oval, flat : radicle slightly incurved, superior. Perennial
herbs, Avith somewhat the aspect of Potentilla. Leaves pinnate or pinnately
parted : the leaflets incised, the upper stipules and bracts mostly in-
cised or niultifid ; the lower stipules mostly adnate to the petiole ; the upper
ones usually free. Flowers (white or rose-color) in crowded or subcapi-
tate cymes.

Tlie filaments which are opposite the petals fall away with them : the others
are wholly persistent.

1. H. Californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) : villous-pubescent, somewhat
viscid at the summit ; radical and lower caaline leaves about 11-foliolate ;
leaflets roundish-cuneiform, deeply incised and toothed ; stipules incised or
pinnatifid ; cyme expanded, loose, the flowers all pedicellate; segments of
the caljx large, nearly twice the length of the oblong petals; the outer or
bracteolar ones ovate-oblong, mostly 2-3-toothed, equalling or ratlier longer
than the triangular-lanceolate acute inner or true ones. — Cham. ^Schlecht. !
I. c. H. grandis, Hook. ^* Am. hot. Beechey, siippl. p. 339.

St. Francisco, California, Chamisso! Douglas. — Root thick. Stem 1-2
feet high. Leaflets mostly somewhat alternate, as is often the case in all the
species. Flowers about twice as large as those of H. congesta: segments of
tlie calyx foliaceous. — We have not examined the specimens of H.
grandis, Hook. SfArn. ; but from a comparison of their description with the
plantof Chamisso, are satisfied that it is identical with this species. In a
cymose inflorescence of this kind, no great dependence is to be placed on the
length of the alar peduncles ; and besides, those of the lower flowers are of
considerable length in Chamisso's plant.

2. H. congesta (Hook.) : lower part of the stem and the 13-1.5-foliolate
leaves very hirsute with long hairs, nearly glabrous at the summit ; leaflets
narrow, cuneiform, incised chiefly at the apex; stipules almost filiformly
many-parted ; flowers more or less crowded on the branches of the large
dense, or at length spreading, fastigiate cyme ; peduncles and pedicels gland-
ular; bracts very short, 3-5-parted ; bracteolar calyx-segments lanceolate,
much shorter and smaller tlian the triangular true ones, mostly entire ; petals
very broadly cuneiform, longer than thie calyx. — Hook. ! hot. mag. t. 2880,
Sf ji. Bor.-Am. I. p. 196 ; Hook. S^- Am. ! hot. Beechey, suppl. p. 339. H.
hirsuta, Lindl. ! hot. reg. subfol. 1997. H. pilosa, Ntitt..' mss.

Interior of Oregon, and on the low hills of the Umtqua River, lat. 41°-42°,
Douglas ! Plains of the Wahlamet, Nuttall .' — Root thick, fusiform. Stem

IIoRKELiA. ROSACEiE. 435

1-2 feet higli. Cyme naked, many-flowerod, at lenjith expanded and ratlier
loose, for this penus; the flowers (whicli are larger than any other species
except H. Cidilornica) all distinctly |)cdicellate. The bracteolcs are usually
entire ; but \vc find them occasionally 'J-tooihed or even divided to the base,
affording a confirmation of the view, that these organs are the stipules of tlie
sepals united two and two.

3. H. fusca (Lindl.) : viscous-pubescent; radical leaves 12— 19-foIiolate;
leaflets cuneate-oblong, i)innatifid or palmatifid and incised ; stijmles deei)ly
laciniate ; llowers crowded on tlie branches of the compound cyme ; bracts
palmatifid, much sliorter than the glomerules ; bracteolar calyx-segments
linear, shorter and much smaller than the triangular-lanceolate true ones;
petals cuncifonu-obcordate, nmch longer than the calyx. — Lindl.! but. reg.
t. 1997 ; Hook. 8^-Arn.! I. c.

Interior of Oregon, J)«»:f/</i' / — Stem 2-3 feet high. Cymes many-flow-
ered.— The figure cited above does not well represent the outer calyx-seg-
ments, nor the dilated filaments of the native dried specimens.

4. H. cunrota {hmW.): villous-pubescent ; radical leaves 15-25-foliolate ;
leaflets roundish-cuneili)rm, deeply incised ; stipules ovate-lanceolate, mostly
entire ; flowers subcapirate on the brandies of the cyme ; bracts 3-cleft,
shorter than the villous heads ; bracteolar calyx-segments lanceolate-ovate,
entire, about the length of tlie lanceolate-triangular true ones, shorter than
the obovate-oblong petals. — Lindl. ! I. c. subfol. 1197 ; Hook. S^' Arn. ! I. c.
H. Douglasiana, ISutt. ! mss.

St. Francisco & St. Barbara, California, Douglas! Nuttall! — Stem (5-18
inches high. Petals white. Anthers at length dark brown.

5. H. parvifiora (Nutt. ! mss.): tomentose ; upper part of the stem vis-
cidly villous ; radical leaves 9-13-foliolate ; leaflets short, roundisli, the up-
per ones cuneiform, incised ; stipules ovate-lanceolate, small, entire or
toothed ; flowers much crowded on the branches of the fastigiate cyme ; bracts
3-5-cleft, much shorter llian the glomerules; bracteolar calyx-seginents
linear-subulate, shorter than the narrowly triangular true ones ; petals spalu-
late, longer than the calyx.

" Plains of the Oregon towards the Rocky Mountains, in bushy places :
common. July-Aug. — About a foot liigh. Root thick, fusifonn. Flowers
small : petals narrow, rose-color." Nuttall. — A distinct species, allied to H.
cuneata.

6. H. cajntata {TiimW.): somewhat glabrous ; stem viscous-pubescent to-
wards the summit; radical leaves about 13-foliolate ; leaflets laciniate-in-
cised, the lower ones roundish-cuneiform, the upper oblong and attenuate at
the base ; stipules entire or 3-part('d ; head of flowers dense, shorter tJian the
laciniate bracts ; bracteolar calyx-segments lanceolate-subulate, about the
length of the true ones, shorter than the broadly cuneiform petals. — Lindl. !
I. c. suh fol. 1197 ; Hook, i)' Am. ! I. c.

Cascade Mountains of the Oregon, Douglas! — Leaflets, as also the bracts,
pretty large, and mostly pinnately incised.

Subtribe 5. FRAGARiEie. — Calyx flattish, valvate in aestivation. Stamens
oumerous. Carpels numerous, dry, crowded on a conical or hemispherical
(dry or fleshy) torus : styles lateral or nearly terminal. Seed suspend-
ed or ascending. Radicle superior. — Herbs, or very rarely shrubby
plants.

436 ROSACEiE. Pote.ntilla.

20. POTENTILLA. Linn. gen. p. 255 ; Juss. gen. p. 338.

Fotentilla &- Tormentilla, Linn. Potentilla, Nestl. <J- Lehm. excl. Comarum,

Calyx concave at tlie bottom, deeply 4-5-clett, with 4-5 alternate exterior
segments or bracteoles. Petals 4-5, obtuse or obcordate, deciduous. Sta-
mens numerous, inserted into the inargin of the usually hairy disk which
lines the base of the calyx : filaments filifomi or subulate. Ovaries numer-
ous, collected into a head on the flattish persistent dry villous receptacle :
styles either lateral or nearly terminal, deciduous : stigmas obtuse or some-
what capitate : ovule always inserted next the insertion of the style, and ac-
cordingly either suspended or ascending. Achenia numerous. Radicle
always superior. — Herbaceous or suffruticose plants, with ])innately or pal-
mately compound leaves. Stipules of the lower leaves adnate to the petiole.
Flowers solitary or cymose, yellow or white, rarely red or purple.

This genus presents some diversities in respect to the style and ovule, which
eeem to have escaped notice hitherto.

§ 1. Style terminal or nearly so, or inserted above the 7nid die of the ovary i
seed anatropous, susjjended or p)endulous. — Eupotentilla.

Tliiss division, w'nich comprises by far the greater part of the genus, contains two
obvious sections, viz : Potentillastrum, Seringe (excl. spec), including the species
with glabrous carpels (which are sometimes hairy at the insertion) and mostly yel.
low flowers: and Fragariastrum, iSen'w^e (excl. spec), including those with vil.
lous or comose carpels, the receptacle being also densely villous, and chiefly white
or reddish flowers. There are, we believe, no true species of the latter section in
North America. The former might perhaps be best subdivided by means of char-
acters taken chiefly from the style ; which in P. Pennsylvanica and all its allies,
P. recta, and tbe allied species, P. Norvegica, supina and many others, is short,
rather fleshy or perhaps glandular, and thicker at the base where it is articulated
with the apex of the ovary, or is slightly lateral. In P. verna, aurea. Canadensis,
and the species most resembling these, the style is longer, filiform, and more per-
sistent, not thickened but usually attenuated at the base, and inserted below the
apex of the ovary. A pretty complete series may however be traced between
these and the preceding forms : and P. Anserina is intermediate in structure be-
tween them and those with almost basal styles, and ascending nearly orthotropous
ovules. The character of: Style lateral and seed suspended, generally given to Po-
tentilla, is almost wholly incorrect ; for whenever the insertion of tbe style is deeply
lateral, the seed is ascending. — All our species of this section have yellow flowers.

* A7inual or biennial (achenia mostly striate or ribbed).

--/ — 1j p. Norvegica (Linn.): hirsute; stem erect, at length dichotomous
' above ; leaves palmately 3-foliolate, the cauline ones on very short petioles ;
leaflets obovate-oblong, the uppermost lanceolate, coarsely and incisely ser-
rate ; stipules ovate-lanceolate, mostly entire ; cyme leafy ; the alar i)edicels
elongated ; calyx-segments longer than the obovate emarginate (pale yellow)
petals ; achenia rugose-cost ate or striate, sometimes almost even. — ~Linn. !
spec. 1. p. 449 ,- Fl. Dan. t. 171 ; Michx. ! fi. 1. p. 302 ; DC. ! I. c. ; Hook. !
I. c. ; Darlingt. ! fl. Cest. p. 303.

p. stem less branched, leafy ; petals very pale yellow. — P. Monspeliensis,
JLinn. P. hirsuta, Michx. ! I. c. ; Pursh .' I. c. ; Hook. ! 1. c. P. Morisoni,
DC! I.e. ■

POTKNTILI.A. ROSACE^E. 437

Pastures, road-sides, and waste places throii^lioiit the Northrrn nnd INlKidlo
States! as a weed; also in S. Cnrolina, Ellinlt ; apparrntly inirodiicrd ;
but indifrenoiis in the northern part of New 'N'ork ! and throii<;hoiit (Canada!
to Labrador ! Aretie America, Oregon, Norll)lU Sound I and Silelia. -Inly-
AujT. — N(.'iiher the mode of ijrowlli, nor the 1(K)thin£j of the h-avcs iiirnisli any
constant cliaraetcr to (Hstins^nish ihe P. hirsula. The achenia in some siicei-
mens an? ahuost even, in others strongly striafe-nifrose or rilibed ; hui l)oth
forms occur as well in the true P. Ncjrvegiea as in the P. hirsuta. Koch de-
scribes the radical leaves as pinnate with 2 pairs ; but this we have never
observed.

--*■■ 2. P. rivalis {NiWt.l mss.) : " elotlied with soft somewhat viscous pubes-
cence; stem erect, much branched ; radical leaves piimately 5-lbliolaie ; the
leaflets crowdeil, and the .'3 up])er ones confluent; those of tlie cauline leaves
3, often confluent, oblong, cuneit()rm at the base, coarsely serrate ; stipules
ovale, nearly entire ; flowers numerous, small, on rather short pedicels;
calvx-segments acute ; petals inconspicuous ; achenia smooth and even.

"'in alluvial soil along the Lewis River." July. — A very distinct species,
allied to P. Norvegica. Cauline leaves small. Flowers inconspicuous,

-^"" 3. P. paradoxa (Nutt. ! mss.) : " decumbent at the base ; pubescent ; leaves
■ pinnate ; leaflets 7-9, obovate-oblong, incised, the upper ones confluent; sti-
pules ovate, mostly entire ; peduncles [alar] solitary, recurved in fruit;
calyx-seginents all nearly e(|ual, acute, about the length of the obovate pe-
tals ; receptacle villous ; achenia striate, 2-Iobed ; the lower portion (the en-
larged base or insertion fil[e<l with starch) as large as the proper carpel.
P. supina, Mkhx. Jl. 1. p. 304 ; Huoh. l. c. ; not nC Linn."

Banks of tiie great western rivers, the Ohio I Mississippi ! Missouri ! &c.
to Oreaon. {?suttaU) — We observe tlie curious dejjosition of starchy matter at
the base of the carpels, pointed out by Mr. Nutlall, forming, as it were, a kind
of albumen exterior to the seed : but otherwise our plant minutely resembles
the European, and especially the Siberian forms of P. supina ; except that it
is usually smaller, and Mr. Nutlall suspects it to be perennial.

* * Perennial (achenia smooth) : leaves pinnate ; the leaflets sometimes crowded
or almost palmate,

4. P. sericea (Linn.) : flowering stems ascending, 1-2-leaved, few-flow-
ered ; leaflets 9-11, crowded, oblong, pinnatifld, silky-tomentose on both
sides, whitish beneath ; stipules lanceolate, mostly entire. — Lehm. ! Pot. p.
66, t. 6 ; DC. ! prodr. 2. p. 582. P. dasyphylla,"^ Ledeb.Jl. Alt. ?

0. glahrnta (Lehm.) : older leaves much less tomentose. — Lehm. ! in
Hook.fl. Bar.- Am. 1.2}- 1B9.

Rocky Mountains between latitude 52'' and 5G°, Drummond ! {fi. only)
— A Siberian species.

5. P, ejfusa (Dougl.) : canescently tomentose ; stem ascending, weak ;
leaves interruptedly pinnate ; leaflets ol)long, incisely serrate ; flowers di-
chotomously cymose ; stipules lanceolate, acuminate, entire ; segments of the
calyx acuiiiinate; e(|uaUing the obcordate petals. — Lehm. ! stirp. pug. 2. p.
8, Sf in Hook. I. c.

p. Jiiicaulis {Suit. \ mss.): "flowering stems filiform (about 3 inches
high), few-flowered ; leaflets unequally incised."

y. gossypina (Nvitt. ! mss.) : "very tomentose and soft; stem nearly erect,
leafy ; leaflets incisely but not deeply serrate."

On the Assiniboin River, &c., Douglas ! 0. Rocky Mountains towards
the sources of the Platte, Nutlall ! July. — Stem about a foot high. Brae-

438 ROSACEiE. Potentilla.

teolar calyx-segments very small. Receptacle villous. Achenia very gla-
brous.— The var. y. of which Mr. Nuttall collected but a single specimen,
not (juite in flower, will probal)ly prove to be a distinct species, as the dis-
coverer supposes.

~ 6. P. Pennsylvanica (Linn.): stem erect, softly tomentose or rather vil-
lous ; leaves pinnately 5-9-foliolate, canescently tomentose, as also the pe-
duncles and calyx ; leaflets oblong, obtuse, pinnatifid or pinnately incised ;
the superior ones larger, often confluent at the base, and mostly crowded ;
the inferior pair often very small ; stipules entire or incised ; cyme at length
dichotomous and exjianded, fastigiate ; petals ruundish-obovate, emarginate,
slightly exceeding the ratlier acute segments of the calyx. — Linn.! mant. p.
76"; Jacq. hort. Vindoh. 2. /. 189 ; Willd.! spec. 2. p. 1099 ; Mkhx. ! fl.l.
p. 304 ; Pursh,Jl. I. p. 356.

a. communis : leaflets almost glabrous above when old, with elongated
lanceolate rather spreading lacinife ; the lowest ones rather distant, very
small, entire or toothed. — P. Pennsylvanica, Lelim. ! Pot, p. bb, Sf in. Hook.
I. c. 1. J}. 188 ; and of autliors. P. Missourica, Hornem. ; Bot.reg. t. 1412.
1/ p. strigosa (PuTshl) : smaller ; leaflets mostly tomentose on both surfaces,
deeply pectinate-pinnatifid ; the segments linear, with revolute margins, en-
tire; stipules laciiiiate. — P. pectinata, Fischer. P. absinthiifolia, X?o(/oL .'
mss. P. holosericea, Niitt. ! mss. P. Pennsylvanica, 0. strigosa, Lchm. ! I. c.

y. bipinnatifida : leaflets crowded (3-5) and often almost palmate, deeply
pinnatifid (silky-pubescent but not canescent above) ; the segments linear,
elongated, mostly spreading. — P. bipinnatifida, Dougl. ! in Hook. I. c. P.
arguta, Lehm. ! i. c, not of Pursh.

i. pulchcrrima: leaflets much crowded (the lower minute ones wanting),
elliptical-oblong, pinnalifid-serrate, with lanceolate-oblong scarcely spreading
teeth (silkv-pubescent or nearly glabrous above) ; stipules mostly entire.
—P. pulcherrima, Lehm. I I. c.

e. H'ppiana : leaflets narrowly oblong, approximate but scarcely crowded
(silky above, silvery-canescent beneath), pinnatifid-serrate ; the teeth slightly
spreading, connivent when young ; stipules ovate or lanceolate, entire or
somewhat toothed. — P. Hippiana, Lehm.! stirp. pvg- 2. p. 7, 8f in Hook.
I. c, t. 64. P. leucophylla, Torr. ! in ami. bjc. NewYork, 2. p. 197, not of
Pallas. P. dealbata, Dougl.! mss. not. oi Led eh.

Canada! and throughout British America to Kotzebue's Sound ! Also a
native of Siberia; but not found within the limits of the United States east
of the Mississippi. /?. Rocky Mountains to lat. 42°, Nuttall! On the Mis-
souri, Bradbury ! y. Saskatchawan ! &c. &. & t. Saskatchawan ! and in
the Rocky Mountains to the sources of the Platte, Dr. James ! — "We know
not whether the botanists who have paid greatest attention to this genus will
coincide with our views respecting the species here united with P. Pennsyl-
vanica ; but the examination of an extensive series of specimens seems in-
evitably to lead to this result. The stems are usually several from the
same root, 1-2 feet high.

7. P. rubricaulis (Lehm.) : stem ascending ; leaves digitate-pinnate ; the
radical ones 5-foliolate, the cauline 3-foliolate ; leaflets oblong, approximate,
pinnatifid-serrate, glabrous above, tomentose beneath; stipules entire ; petals
obcordate, rather longer than the calyx; receptacle somewhat glabrous.
Lehm. ! I. c, Sfin Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 191

About Bear Lake in lat. 66, Richardson. — Stems a foot high, pubescent,
purplish. Lacinise of the leaflets linear-lanceolate, obiuse. Segments of
the calyx ovate-lanceolate, twice the size of the bracteoles. — We have not
examined this species. It appears to be nearly related to P. pulcherrima of
,^he same author.

PoTENTiLi.A. ROSACE;E. 439

8. P. Dnimihondii (Lchm.) : stem 1ici1);i(toiis, nearly oroct, lax; radical
leaves irrciiularly and somewhat vrrtirillaiely ]>innal(', 7-11-lbliolatf ; the
cauline S-foliolale ; leaflets ohovale, tnmeale, eiirieitijrm at the liase, deejjly
incised, nearly tilahroiis, ciliate ; stipules (lar^e) ovale, entire ; petals oheor-
date, veiny, twice the lengtlx ol" the calyx. Lthm.l I. c, c^ in Hook. Ji.
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 189, t. 65.

Alpine woods in the Rocky Mountains noiih of the Smokinr; River, in lat.
56°, scarce. Drummond ! (v. sp. in herb. Huok.) — Stem li f(K)t hiph, some-
what hairy, few-leaved. Radical leaves on lom;; jjctioles : those oi' the stem
1-3, distant, on short petioles. Flowers somewhat panicled at the summit
of the stem : pedicels long and slender, very hairy towards the summit.
Lchni.

9. P. Plfit.tr7isis (Nutt. ! mss.) : "stems decumbent, clothed, as well as
the leaves, with minute strigose appressed hairs ; radical leaves pinnately 7-
11-foliolate; tlie cauline (ai)out 2) 3-5-foliolale ; leaflets cuneiform, deeply
plnnatifid-inciscd, the segments oblong or linear ; those of the cauline leaves
much crowded ; stipules large, broadly ovate, entire; panicle few-flowered,
the pedicels elongated; petals obcordate, a little longer than tin? acuminate
calyx-segments."

Plains of the Platte ; conmion, Nuttall ! — Stems 6-12 inches higli,
weak. Mr. Nuttall compares this species with P. diversifolia, which" it
indeed resembles, but is very distinct, ft is, judging from the figure,
much more nearly allied to P. Drummondii, but is a'siiialler plant, the pe-
dicels are not clothed with long bristly hairs, and the flowers are smaller.

—; 10. P. diversifolia (Lehm.) : more or less silky-pubescent with long
white hairs ; stems ascending : radical leaves 5-7-foliolate ; the caulii^e sub-
sessile (1-2), 3-5-foliolate ; all either pinnate with the leaflets much crowded,
or pedate, or even palmate ; leaflets unequal, cuneiform, incisely toothed or
lobed, the lobes silky-villous at the apex ; stipules ovate-lanceolate, entire ;
flowers few or several, on very long divaricate or erect pedicels; petals
obcordate, nearly twice the length of the calyx. — Lehm. ! I. c. 6^- in Hook,
fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 190. P. glaueophylla, Lehm. delect, sem. Hamh. 1836?
P. campcstrls. Null. ! mss. P. dissecta ? Nutt. in jour. acad. Philad. 7.
p. 20, fide Nutt.

Alpine prairies, as well as the higher summits of the Rocky Mountains
between lat. 52'' & 56°, Drummond! Plains of the first chain of the
Rocky Mountains called the Black Hills, frequent, Nuttall! — Stems 3-12
inches high, many from the same root. Radical leaves on long ))etioles.
Flowers pretty large. — The same specimen frequently presents boUi jiinnate
and completely palmate leaves : they are all palmate in our specimens of
P. campestris, Nutt. and of P. glaueophylla, Lehm., but we observe no
other clifFerence.

r ^11' P' lyfilchella (R. Rrown) : dwarf; stems procumbent, about 1-
flowered ; leaves pinnately 3-5-foliolate, silky-tomentose beneath ; leaflets
pinnatifid, the lower pair smaller and often entire; the lobes lanceolate-
linear; stipules sheathing ; petals rather longer than the calyx. — Ji.Br.f
in Ross's vol/., S^- in Parry's 1st voy. suppl. p'. 277 ; Hook. ! in Parn/s 2nd
voy. Sf fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 191. P. sericea, Grcville, ex B. Br.

Islands of the Arctic Sea! Arctic shore between the 3Iackenxie Sc
Coppermine Rivers, Richardson ! — The style, which is said to be " basi
glanduloso-dilatato," has the same structure with numerous species of thi&
section.

440 ROSACEA. POTENTILLA.

* * * Perennial : leaves pulmately 3-1-foliolate,

t Flowering stems erect or ascending, not sarnientose.

_/=> 12. P. gracilis (Doucl.) : stem erert, tall, villous-piibescent ; leaves
' palmately 5-7-foliolate, the radical ones on long petioles; the cauline 1-2,
often subsessile; leaflets oblanceolate, deejily pinnatifid-serrate with trian^ju-
lar-lanceolate spreading teeth, canescently tomentose beneath ; stipules
large, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, entire ; cyme fastigiate, loose, the
primary branches elongated ; petals obcoi'date, much longer than the ovate-
lanceolate very acute or acumiuate segments of the calyx ; bracteolar
segments linear, shorter. — Hook..' hot. mag. I. 2984, S^' JL Bar.- Am. 1.
p. 192.

/?. flahelliformis (Nutt. ! mss.) : leaves 5-9-foliolate ; leaflets much
crowded, deeply pinnatifid ; the lobes linear-lanceolate. — P. flabellifonnis,
Lehm. ! stirj). 2nig. 2. ^^. 12, 4* in Hook. I. c. t. 66, c^ suppl. Pot. p.
13, i.Q.

Oregon! common. /?. Plains of the Saskatchawan, ii?"c7?rt)'c?.so?? .' Drum-
mond ! Plains of the Oregon (with a.), NtitfnU ! — The inflorescence of P.
flahelliformis is at length expanded, and the primary branches elongated, as
in P. gracilis. The difference between the extreme forms of the two is
striking, but numerous intermediate states were found by Mr. Nuttall. The
stem is tall and slender, about 2 feet high, and mostly unbranched, except
at the summit.

13. P. fastigiata (Nutt. ! mss.) : " canescently silky-tomento?e ; stem
erect, leafy ; leaves palmately 5-7-foliolate ; leaflets cuneate-oblong, in-
cisely or pinnatifid-serrate ; stipules mostly entire : flowers crowded, fasti-
giate ; segments of the calyx lanceolate, the outer ones much smaller ;
petals obovate, a little longer than the calyx ; achenia smooth.

/?. " larger, more densely clothed with soft silky hairs.
" Plains of the Rocky Mountains. — Plant 7-8 inches high. Flowers
much smaller than in P. rigida." Nuttall.

14. P. rigida (Nutt.) : hirsute with short appressed hairs, and minutely
glandular, not canescent ; stem erect, stout, leafy ; leaves palmately 5-7-
foliolate ; leaflets cuneiform-oblong ; deeply pinnatifid-toothed ; the teeth
lanceolate-linear, approximate ; stipules short, mostly entire ; flowers
rather crowded ; petals broadly obcordate, much longer than the ovate-
lanceolate calyx-segments ; achenia smooth, slightly margined. — Nutt. ! in
jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 20. P. recta ? Nutt. gen. 1. j}- 310. P. chrj's-

antha, Lehm. in Hook. I. c. 1

On the Missouri, from Fort Mandan to the Rocky Mountains, Nuttall !
{Drummond /) — Resembles P. recta, but apparently distinct from that
variable species. Dr. Short has sent us specimens of P. recta, which occurs
' as a weed in his garden, but we do not learn that it is anywhere naturalized
in the United States. We find the achenia perfecth- smooth in all our
European specimens of that species, except when fully mature.

15. P. Salishurgensis (Hjenke) : caudex prostrate, somewhat rooting ;
stems decumbent at the base, pubescent ; radical leaves palmately 5-folio-
late ; leaflets obovate, glabrous, the margin and veins beneath pubescent
with spreading hairs, incisely serrate towards the apex with about 3 spread-
ing teeth on each side of the same length with the tenninal one ; stipules all
ovate [petals obcordate, safl"ron-color, twice the length of the calyx] ;
achenia obsoletely rugose. Koch. — Hanke, in Jacq. coll. 2. p. 68, "4* '^•
rar. 3. t. 490 ; Koch. syn. p. 216. P. maculata, Pourret ; E. Meyer, pi.

POTKNTILLA. ROSACE^. 'J4l

Lnhrad. p. 75. P. aurea, Fl. Dan. t. 114. P. crocca, Hallrr, f. in
Schlekh. cat. (1807) ; Lchm. ! Pot. p.\U.

Greenland, Homemaym ! (v. sp. in herh. Lchm.)

*■ 16. P. argcntea (Linn.): stems asccndinc;, cory'mbosc at the siimmii,
tomenlose; leaves palniately 5-foliolatc ; leaflets oblonif-cuneit()rni, hicini-
ately pinnalifid or incised, entire towards tlie base, tlic niarain revoluic,
glabrous above, eanescent beneath; flowers crowded; ])etais obovate, retuse,
longer tlian the obtusisii calyx-segments. — Linn..' spec. 1. ^;. 497 ; Enf>l,
hot. t. 289 ; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 355 ; ^Torr..' fl. 1. p. 497.

Barren fields and rocky places, Canada ! and Northern Slates ! June-
Sept. — Stems numerous, 4-10 inches long, rather woody at the base.
Flowers small.

17. P. minima (Haller, f.) : stems ascending, pubescent, mostly 1-flowered;
leaves Irifoliolate ; leaflets obovate, very obtuse, glabrous, but liairy on the
margin and the veins of the lower surface, the hairs erect-si)readiMg, incisely
serrate towards the apex, with about 4 teeth on each side and a nearly e(iual
terminal one (petals obcordatc, longer than the calj^x ; exterior calyx-seg-
ments oval, obtuse, narrowed at the base. Lchm.) Koch. — Haller, f. in
Schleich. ])l. exsic. 1. no. 59 ; Serinffc, mus. Helv. 1. ]J. 51, t. 8, S^in DC.
I. c. : Koch, fl. Germ. S^ Helv. p. 218. P. Brauniana, Hoppe, tausch. ;
Lchm. ! Pol. p. 179, not of Nestl. ex Scringe.

0. flowering stems very short, but somewhat elongated in fruit. — P. Rob-
binsiana, Oakes ! niss.

Al])ine region of the White Mountains, New Hampshire, Nuttall ! Mr.
Oakes! Mr. Tuckerman! (P.) June-July. — Root fusifomi. Leaves and
stems crowded, 1-3 inches high. Flowers small. — Our plant agrees well
Nvith the character of P. minima (taken chiefly from Koch), and with Euro-
pean specimens.

18. P. nana (Lehm.) : stem erect, 1-flowercd ; leaves trifoliolate ; leaf-
lets roundish-obovate, obtusely toothed, hairy on both sides or ratlicr canes-
cent beneath ; petals obcordate, thrice the length of the calyx ; exterior
calyx-segments roundish, very obtuse. Lehm.! Pot. p. 181, t. 17, <^ in
Hook. I. c. ; DC. j^rodr. 2. p. 573.

Labrador, Kohlmeister ! On the highest Rocky Mountains, Drummond !
Kotzebue's Sound ! &c.— Flowers large. Petioles elongated. This is per-
haps the P. emarginata, Pursh, which is the oldest name.

~f- 19. P. nivea (Linn.) : villous or tomentose ; stems ascending, few-flowered ;
leaves (mostly radical) palmately 3- (rarely 5- ) foliolate ; leaflets oval or
obovate-cuneiform, pinnatifid-toothed or incised, silky-hirsute or nearly gla-
brous above, canescent-tomentose beneath; stipules lanceolate, entire; petals
broadly obcordate, longer than the acute calyx-segments. — Vahl. fl. Dan. I.
1035 ,• Pursh! fl. 1. p. 353; '' Rottb. in act. Hafn. 10. ^^. 451, t.7, ex R.
Br. ! in Parnfs 1st voy. appx. p. 211 ; DC. ! prodr. 2. p. 572 ; Richards. !
appx. Frankl. journ. eel. 2. p. 20 ; Hook. ! I. c.

p. " leaves sparsely villous and of the same color on both surfaces" [seg-
ments of the calyx all very obtuse !] R. Br. I. c. ; Hook. ! in Parry's 2nd
voy. appx. p. 395. P. frigida ? Grev. in mem. Wern. soc. 4. p. 430, ex R. Br.
P. Grcenlandica, R. Br. in Ross's voy. (ed. 2.) 2. p. 193. P. verna. Hook,
in Scoresb. Greeril. p. i31.

y. stems 1-2-flowered ; flowers large ; petals very broadly obcordate.—
P. hirsuta, Vahl ! fl. Dan. t. 1390 ; DC. I. c. P. Vahliana, Lchm. ! Pot.
p. 172, Sf-in Hook. I. c. P. Jamesoniana, Grcv. I. c. t. 20, fide Hook.

Greenland ! and Labrador ! Shores and Islands of the Arctic Sea ! to
Behring's Straits! and along the Rocky Mountains to lal. 52°, and to

56

442 ROSACEiE. POTENTILLA.

Carlton House ! — This species varies considerably. Other varieties are
described by Hooker in Bot. mag. fol. 2982, and by Chamisso & Schlech-
tendal in Linneea, 2. p. 21. P. macrantha, & uniflora of Ledebour are
forms of it. Our specimen of var. /?. from the Arctic Islands (Parry's 2nd
voyage) has the very obtuse sepals of P. nana, and indeed wholly resembles
that species, except that the petioles are shorter.

20. P. villosa (Pallas) : densely silky-tomentose ; caudex very large and
thick ; stems ascending, several-flowered ; leaves (mostly radical) trifolio-
late ; leaflets broadly cuneiform, very silky above, densely toirientose-can-
escent beneath, coarsely toothed towards the apex ; stipules ovate, entire ;
petals obcordate, nearly twice the length of the ovate calyx-segments.—
Pall, in herb. Lamb, ex Pursh, fl. 1. p. 353 ; Lehm. ! Pot. j)- 166, t. 16;
Hook. ! Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 194. P. Incida, Willd. ! in Bcrl. mag. 7. p.
296.

Unalaschka, on high mountains, and at Sandwich Sound, Pallas ! N. W.
Coast, Menzies! About Behring's Straits, &c. Chamisso! Capt. Beechey !
Sitcha, Bongard ! Dundas Island, &c. Dr. Scouler ! Mount Ranier, Mr.
Tolmie! — A striking species. Flowering stems 6-10 inches high, 1-2 leaved.
Flowers and leaves rather large.

21. P. biflora (Lehm.) : stem erect, about 2-flowered, leaves trifoliolate,
slightly hairy ; the terminal leaflet 2-parted, the lateral ones deeply 2-parted ;
segments linear, entire, ciliate. Lehm. ! conspect. Pot. herb. Willd., Sf Pot.
J}. 192, t. 20 ; Richards. a^JjJX. FranM. journ. ed. 2. p. 21 ; Cham. Sf
Schlecht. ! in Linncea, 2. jk 24 ,- Hook. ! jl. Bor.-Am. 1 f. 195.

Barren grounds from lat 64° to the Shores of the Arctic Sea, Richardson!
Kotzebue's Sound, Capt. Beechey! Island' of St. Lawrence, Chamisso!—
Densely cgespitose. Young leaves rather silky-villous. Petals obcordate,
citron-yellow, with an orange-yellow spot on the claw, twice the size of the
calyx. Ovaries rugulose. Receptacle densely villous. Richardson.

22. P. flabcllifolia (Hook. ! mss.) : stem erect, slender, slightly pubes-
cent towards the summit, few-flowered ; leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets broadly
cuneiform, nearly glabrous, entire towards the base, slightly petiolulate,
rounded and deeply toothed or incised at the apex with 7-9 mostly equal
spreading teeth ; stipules oval, membranaceous, entire ; pedicels slender ;
petals broadly obovate, longer than the ovate acute calyx-segments.

Summit of Mount Ranier, Oregon, Douglas ! — Root tliick, descending.
Flowering stems about 8 inches high, slender, 1-2-leaved, 3-4-flowered.
Leaflets scarcely an inch in length, minutely pubescent and ciliate with
short appressed hairs, nearly evenly incisely toothed ; the lateral ones mostly
dilated and unequal at the base; the terminal decidedly petiolulate. • Calyx
and pedicels pubescent : bracteolar segments nearly the length of the true
ones, oval or obovate, obtuse. Petals apparently yellow. Ovary glabrous :
style filiform. Achenia not seen.

23. P. brevifolia (Nutt. ! mss.) : minutely glandular- pubescent, dwarf;
stems slender, nearly erect, few-flowered ; leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets roundish
or slightly cuneiform at the base, 2-3-lobed, crenately toothed, the terminal
one distinctly petiolulate ; stipules ovate, mostly entire ; petals obovate,
scarcely longer than the ovate-lanceolate calyx-segments ; achenia even.

"Near the summit of mountains, within the perpetual snow line, near
Goodier River of the Oregon. Root dark brown, very long, and thickly
clad with stipular vestiges. Whole plant not more than 2-3 inches long,
turning blackish in drying. Flowers small, pale yellow. A very distinct
species." Nuttall ! — The terminal leaflet is so distinctly petiolulate and
often deeply 3-lobed, that the leaf might be said to be pinnate, with the

POTENTILLA. ROSACEiE. 443

three upper leaflets confluent, and so Mr. Nuttall has described it in hi3
manuscript notes. But its resemblance to P. flabcllifolia renders it proper
to characterize it as above. It is not more than lialf the size of that species;
the leaflets and flowers also much smaller, the pedicels short, the minute
pubescence wholly glandular, &c.

24. P. concinna (Richards.) : stems short, few-flowered ; radical leaves
palmately 5-7-foliolate ; leaflets cuneate-obovate, serrate at the apex, dense-
ly tomentose and white beneatli ; petals obcordate, exceeding the calyx.
Lehm. — Richards. ! appx. Frankl. journ. cd. 2. p. 20 ; Lehm. ! in Hook,
fl. Bor.-Am. I. p. 193, /. G7.

Plains of the S;uskatchavvan about Carlton House, Richardson ! Drum-
mond ! — Stems numerous from the same roof, 2-3 inches high, difluse,
silvery-tomentosc or silky. CauUnc leaves 1-2. Leaflets 3-5 lines long,
pale green and somewhat silky above ; the lateral ones often entire. Pe-
duncles 2-3, slender. Ovaries smooth. Recei)tacle hirsute. — Ai)i)arently
very near P. humifusa. Null., and perhaps only a state of that plant.

t + Flowering stems prostrate or sarmentoso : pedicels solitary, axillary (or
radical), elongated, 1-flowcred.

25. P. humifusa (Nutt.) : somewhat caespitose ; leaves all radical, pal-
mately 5-foliolate ; leaflets cuneate-oblong, obtuse, incisely toothed, white
and tomentose beneath, green and pubescent above ; flowering stems short
and filiform, procumbent, flagellate, but not creeping, leafless, few-flowered.
Nutt. gen. 1. p. 310.

On high gravelly hills near Fort Mandan, Missouri, Nuttall. — Flowering
stems 4-5 inches long. — We have seen no specimens of this apparently very
distinct species.

26. P. Canadensis (Linn.) : hirsute-pubescent ; stems sannentose, procum-
bent and ascending ; leaves palmately 5-foUolate ; leaflets obovate-cunei-
form, silky beneath when young, incisely serrate-toothed towards the apex ;
stipules entire or 2-3-cleft ; pedicels axillary, solitary, elongated ; calyx-
segments ovate-lanceolate, shorter than the lanceolate bracleolar segments,
and rather shorter than the broadl^^ obovate or obcordate petals ; achenia
somewhat rugose. — Linn. ! spec. 1. p>- 498 ; Michx. ! jl. 1. p. 303 ; Nesll.
Pot. t. 10, /.'l ; Lehm. ! Pot. p. 118; Torr. ! fi.l.p. 426 ; Ell. sTc. 1. p.
573 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. bib ; Darling t. Jl. Cest. p. 303. P. sarmentosa,
Willd.! enum. 1. p. 554 ; Bigel.! fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 204.

0. pumila : very small. — P. pumila, Poir. diet. 5. p. 594 ; Pursh, fl. 1.
p. 354.

y. simplex : less hirsute ; stems erect or ascending at the base, often sar-
mentose towards the apex ; leaflets cuneiform-oblong, at length nearly gla-
brous above. — P. simplex, iVf?c/i.r. .' /. c. ; Nestl. I. c. t. 9,/. 2; Lehm.!
I. c. ; Ell. I. c. ; DC. ! prodr. 2. p. bib ; Darlingt. I. c. P. Caroliniana,
Poir. I. c.

Dry fields and border of woods, Canada ! to Georgia, and west to Arkan-
sas ! April-Aug. — P. pumila is a starved state of P. Canadensis, growing
in very sterile soU. P. simplex is a more luxuriant summer state of the
same species, growing in richer soil or shady places ; when the stems often
attain the length of 2 feet or more, and the leaves become larger, more
membranaceous, and less pubescent ; but the radical ones reseinble tliose of
the ordinary P. Canadensis. We have an imperfect specimen from Arkan-
sas, which presents the leaves of the var. simplex, except that the upjier
one is trifoliolate, and the plant is very hirsute. — Cinque-foil. Five-Finger
Barren Strawberry.

444 ROSACEA. POTENTILLA.

27. p. Durandii : hirsute-pubescent ; stems procumbent, sarmentose ;
leaves 3-foUolate ; leaflets roundish, incisely crenate-toothed, hirsute with
appressed liairs, especially beneath ; stipules ovate, entire ; pedicels axillary,
solitary, elongated, petals obovate, rather longer than ovate acute or acu-
minate calyx-segments ; bracteolar segments larger and foliaceous, 2-4-
toothed or incised ; achenia

Georgia, Mr. Durancl ! — Leaflets about half an inch in length and
breadth, obtuse and entire at the base, incisely crenate with 11-13 approxi-
mate equal teeth, with scattered short appressed hairs, particularly on the
veins. Flowers large. Ovaries glabrous : style filiform, elongated. Fruit
not seen. — The bracteoles, which are large and toothed like tlie leaflets, are
perhaps in an abnormal state in our single specimen ; but the plant is quite
different from any species with which we are acquainted.

28. P. nemoralis (Nestl.) : petals, calyx-segments, and bracteoles usually
4 ; stems filiform, procumbent ; leaves palniately 3-foliolate, the lowest
mostly 5-foliolate ; the cauline ones petioled ; leaflets obovate-cuneiform,
incisely toothed towards the apex ; stipules entire or toothed ; flowers solitary
on long axillary pedicels ; petals obcordate, longer than the calyx ; achenia
siriate-rugose.— iVesiZ. Pot. p. 65 ; Lehm. ! Pot. jj. 147, t. 13. P. Tor-
mentilla, var. nemoralis, Seringe ! in DC. inodr. 2. p. 574. Tormentilla
reptans, Linn. ; Engl. hot. t. 864.

Labrador ! (v. sp. in herb. Hook.)

29. P. opaca (Linn.) : stems decumbent, filiform ; lower leaves palmate-
ly 5-7-foliolate ; leaflets narrowly cuneiform ; very deeply serrate, pilose on
both sides ; petals obcordate, equalling the calyx. Lehm. — Jacq. ic. rar. t.
91 ; Pursh, Jl. 1. p. 355; Lehm. Pot. p. 105.

Labrador ex Pursh. May-June. — Flowers small.

§ 2. Style inserted below the middle of the ovary: seed ascending, a^nphi-
tropous or nearly orthotrofous.

* Style inserted scarcely below the middle of the ovary, filiform ; seed amphitro.
pons : carpels glabrous, very villous at the insertion (receptacle very villous :
ste7ns creeping and proliferous : pedicels solitary, very long, l-floivered). —
Anserina.

30. P. Anserina (Linn.) : creeping ; ascending stem none ; stolons slen-
der, rooting and proliferous ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets 9-19, with several
minute pairs interposed, oblong, sharply pinnatifid-serrate, nearly glabrous
above, silvery-canescent beneath ; stipules multifid ; pedicels scape-like,
solitary, as lonff as the leaves. — Linn..' spec. 1. p. 495; Michx. ! I.e.;
Lehm. ! Pot. p. 71 ; BC. ! I. c. ; Hook. ! ft. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 189.

fi. grandis : leaves very large (12-20 inches long), 21-31 -foliolate.

y. Granlandica (Hook.) : very small and slender, neai'ly glabrous ; leaf-
lets oval or obovate, 5-7, silvery beneath, often reddish above. — Hook. ! in
Parrfs 3d voy. apijyx. p. 12b.

6. Egedii : very small ; leaflets glabrous and greenish on both sides ;
stipules entire; pedicels longer than the leaves. — P. Egedii, Wormsk. fl.
Dan. 9. t. 1578 ; Le/im. .' I. c.

Banks of streams, &c., Pennsylvania ! and New England States ! to
Arctic America ! west to Oregon ! and California ! 13. Oregon, Dr. Scouler f
y. Greenland, and Whale-Fish Islands ! Sandy borders of brackish ponds,
Massachusetts, Dr. Pickering ! Mr. Oakes ! <5. Greenland ! June-Sept. —
Flowers large. Widely dispersed throughout the colder portion of the whole

POTK.NTILLA. ROSACE.E. 445

Nortlicrn hemisphere, and presenting;, in eonsequence, many varieties. Tlie
variety from Oregon is extremely large in all its parts ; the pedieels are
often a fool long ; and the root is said to be eaten by the natives. — Silver-
weed.

* * Style filiform, inserted helow the middle of the ovary : seed amphitropous
or almost orthotropous : carpels and receptacle clothed with very long villous
hairs. — Comocarpa.

31. P. fndkosa (Linn.): slirubl)y, mueh branched; leaves pinnately
5-7-foliolate, on short petioles; leaflets crowded, oblong-lanceolate, entire,
silky especially beneath; stipules scarious; petals (yellow) nearly orbicular,
longer than the calyx. — Linn.! spec. 1. }). 495 ; IVilld. ! spec. 2. p. 1094 ;
Mich.v. ! Jl. 1. 1?. 304 ; Nestl. Pot. t. 1 ; Engl. hot. t. 88 ; Pursh ! Ji. 1. p.
355 ; Lehm. ! I. c. p. 31 ; DC. ! prodr. 2. p. 679 ; Hook. .' Jl. Bor.-Am. 1.
p. 186. P. floribunda, Pursh ! I. c.

Bog meadows, and along streams, Arctic America ! Newfoundland ! and
Kotzebue's Sound ! to Canada ! and the Northern States ! Also along the
Rocky Mountains to lat. 42°, Dr. James! June-Sept. — Shrub 2-3 feet
liigh, with large flowers terminating the numerous branchlets. Leaves very
variable in size. Disk, receptacle, and aclienia extremely villous with very
long stiif hairs.

32. P. tridentata (Ait.) : stems woody and creeping at the base, branched ;
flowering stems ascending ; leaves palinately trlfoliolate ; leaflets oblong-
cuneiform, 3-toothed at the apex, nearly glabrous and somewhat shining
above, pale and minutely pubescent beneath ; stipules lanceolate ; petals
(white) obovate-oblong, nearly twice the length of the calyx. — Ait. ! Kew.
{ed. 1.) 2. p. 216, t. 9 ,• Michx. ! Jl. 1. 304 ; ^Engl. hot. t. 2389 ; Lehm. ! I.
c. ; Torr. ! Jl. 1. p. 495 ; DC. ! I. c. ; Hook. ! jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 195. P.
retusa, Retz ; Fl. Dan. t. 799, Sf 1875.

Greenland! Labrador! Newfoundland! and Canada! to the mountains of
the New England States ! New York ! and the higher peaks m Virginia and
North Carolina, and from Lake Superior ! to lat. 64'^. June-July. — Stems
4-10 inches high. Flowers small, few. Acheiiia roundish-ovoid, at length
rather sparsely villous.

* * * Style fusiform, attenuate at the base, fleshy or apparently glandular,
large, rather persistent : seed nearly orthotropous : carpels glabrous. — Clos.

TEUOSTYLES.

p. rupcstris belongs to this section, but the style is less thickened than in P.
arguta.

33. P. arguta (Pursh) : stem erect, very pubescent, villous and viscid at
the summit, "as also the peduncles and calyx ; radical leaves pinnately 7-9-
foliolate, on long petioles ; the cauline ones few, 3-7-foliolate ; leaflets round-
ish, ovate, or somewhat rhomboid, oblique at the base, incised or doubly ser-
rate, pubescent esjjecially beneath ; stipules tootlied or entire ; flowers in a
more or less crowded terminal cyme ; segments of the calyx ovate, acute,
shorter than the roundish-obovate yellowisli-white petals ; disk glandular
thickened, somewhat 5-lohed.— Pursh! Jl. 2. p. 636; Richards.! appx
Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. 20 ; Lindl. ! bat. reg. t. 137 ; Hook.Jl. Bor.-Am. 1
p. 186, t. 63. P. conferliflora, Torr. ! fl. 1. p. 449 ; Lehm. ! stirp. pug. 3
^.24. P. Pennsylvanica /?. arguta, Torr.! in ann. lye. New York, 2. p
197, not of DC. Geum agrimonioides, Pwrs/i .' ^. 1. ^. 351. Boottia syl-
vestris, Bi<rel. ! fl. Bast. ed. 2. p. 351.

446 ROSACEA. POTENTILLA

Hills and dry hanks of streams, Canada ! (from lat. 65°, Richardson) to
Pennsylvania ! Illinois ! Missouri ! and west to the Rocky Mountains in lat.
42°, Dr. James ; June-July. Stem mostly simple 1-2 and often 3-4 feet
high, stout, clothed with a soft brownish pubescence, which is glutinous wlien
young. Flowers aggregated in usually dense clusters at the extremity of the
dichotomous branches of the cyme ; the alar flowers on rather slender pedicels.
— The petals are white or ochroleucous, not yellow as is sometimes stated.
The figure of Hooker is excellent, except tiiat it does not well represent the
disk of our plant. It better represents that of the very nearly allied P.
glandulosa, to which the Oregon plant cited in that work belongs. This spe-
cies varies greatly in size.

34. P. fissa (Nutt. ! mss.) : " viseidly pubescent ; stem erect, branching,
leafy; leaves pinnately 9-11-foliolate, on short petioles; leaflets unequal,
roundish or oval, deeply incised or incisely toothed, the teeth entire ; stipules
entire or toothed ; flowers rather crowded ; segments of the calyx ovate,
acute, shorter than tlie roundish (sulphur-yellow) petals."

/?. major: larger m all its parts ; flowers more crowded. — P. arguta, iVw^i./
in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 21, not o{ Pursh. P. glutinosa, Nutt. ! mss.

Plains of the Rocky Mountains towards the Oregon, Nuttall ! July.
/?. Head waters of the Oregon, Caj)t. Wyeth! — " Stem about a span high.
Leaflets small, the lower ones roundish ; those of the upper cauline leaves
ovate. External sepals much smaller, often toothed. Flowers rather large."
Nutt. — The plant which we have joined as a variety of this species seems to
be a larger plant, and bears more resemblance to P. arguta.

/ 35. P. glandulosa (Lindl.) : stem erect, branched above, villous-pubes-
cent, viscid towards the summit, as also the peduncles and calyx ; radical
leaves pinnately 5-9-foliolate ; leaflets ovate or roundish, those of the nearly
sessile cauline leaves obovate or oblong, all deeply and usually doubly ser-
rate-toothed and often incised ; stipules mostly entire ; branches of the cj^me
elongated and rather loosely-flowered ; segments of the calyx ovate, acute,
as long as the broadly oval (yellow) petals. — Lindl. ! hot. reg. t. 1583 ;
Hook. Sf Am. ! hot. Beechey, supj)l. p. 338. P. Oregana, Nuit.mss. P.
arguta, Hook.fi. Bor.-Am. partly.

i8. incisa (Lindl.) : leaflets incised ; petals longer than the calyx. — Lindl.
hot. reg. t. 1973.

Oregon and California, Douglas ! Nuttall ! — Flowers about half the size
of those of P. arguta; the stem more slender and branching. The stamini-
ferous disk is conspicuous, but not glandular.

X Douhtful or little-known Species.

36. P. emarginata (Pursh) : assurgent, hirsute ; stipules ovate, entire ;
leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets sessile, approximate, incisely toothed, hirsute on
both sides ; pedicels few, terminal, elongated, 1 -flowered ; petals cuneate-
oblong, emarginate, twice the length of the calyx. Pursh, fl. 1. p. 353.

Labrador, Kohlmcister. — A small species. Flowers large in proportion.
Pursh. — This species has not been identified. It may be, as Hooker suggests,
the P. nana of Lehmann, which Hooker found among the plants collected by
Kohlmeister. But E. Meyer {pi. Lahrad. p. 74) has described under this
name a plant apparently different from P. nana.

■ 37. P. dissecta (Pursh) : erect, branched, rather glabrous ; leaves digi-
tately 5-foliolate ; leaflets pinnatifid ; the lobes entire, acute ; flowers termi-
nal, somewhat corymbose. Pursh, fl. I. p. 355.

Near Hudson's Bay. Perennial. — Described by Pursh from a specimen
in the Banksian herbarium.

Fragaria. rosacea. 447

38. P. pentandra (Engelmann, mss.) : hirsute ; stem erect (3-4 feet high) ;
lower leaves palinately S-foliolato, on long petioles; the upper leaves 3-fnIif)-
late, on .siiort petioles; leaflets oblanroolatr, obtuse, cuueate at the base,
coarsely and often doubly toothed, pubescent beneath, liairy above ; stipuU's
lanceolate, acute, incisely toothed ; flowers (very small) in lar2;e (H( lioio-
mous cynics; peduncles filifonu, hirsute ; segments of the calyx longer than
the spatulale (pale yellow) petals, and sliorter than the bracteolar segments ;
etamens 5—6; achenia very small, smooth.

Shady moist places, near Fort Gibson, Arkansas. June. — This species
we have not seen : the description is furnished by Dr. Engelmann. The
habit of tlic ])lant is said to be like P. recta, but the flowers more like P.
supina.

21. COMARUM. Linn. gen. p. 257 ; Lam. ill. (. 444.

Calyx flat, deeply 5- (rarely 6-7-) cleft, colored within, willi as many
much smaller alternate deflexed bractcoles. Petals 5, ovate-lanceolate, acute
or acuminate, very small, somewhat persistent. Stamens numerous, insert-
ed into the thickened and hairy slightly lobed disk which lines the bottom of
the calyx : filaments subulate, persistent. Achenia aggregated on the convex,
at length very large and fleshy or spongy, hairy persistent receptacle : styles
filiform, at length deciduous, inserted below the apex of the ovary : stigmas
simple. Seed inserted next the insertion of the style, pendulous. Radicle
superior. — A perennial herb, creeping at the base, with pinnate leaves.
Stipules of the lower leaves scarious and wholly adnate to the petiole. Pe-
tals, stamens, and styles, as well as the upper side of the sepals, dark
purple.

C.paliisfre (Linn. !)— F/. Dan. t. 636; Miclix.! Jl. 1. p. 302; Engl. hot.
t. 172 ; Pursh ! Jl. 1. p. 156 ; Richards. ! oppx. Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. 21 ;
Bigel. ! jl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 203. Potent ilia palustris, Scopoli, fl. Cam. (ed.
2.) 1. p. 359 ; Lchm. 1 Pol. p. 62 ; 7brr. .' Jl. 1. p. 498 ; DC. ! prodr. 2.
}). 583 ; Hook. ! fi. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 187. P. Comaruin, Ncstl.

In sphagnous swamps. Northern States ! and Canada ! Labrador ! and
Greenland ! to the Arctic Circle, Kotzebue's Sound ! &c. June-July. — Root
astringent. Stems 1-2 feet high. Leaflets 5-7, crowded, lanceolate-oblong,
mostly obtuse, minutely silky. Flowers large. Segments of the calyx
ovate, acuminate. Achenia glabrous. — Marsh Cinque-foil.

22. FRAGARIA. Tourn. ; Linn. gen. p. 255.

Calj'x, corolla, and stamens the same as in Potentilla. Achenia dry, scat-
tered on the enlarged succulent or pulpy receptacle, which at length often
separates from the conical central portion of the torus : styles deeply lateral,
attenuate at the insertion, rather thickened upwards : stigma depressed. Seed
inserted next the base of the style, amphitropous, ascending. Radicle supe-
rior.— Perennial stoloniferous herbs, with trifoliolate leaves ; tlie leaflets
coarsely toothed. Scajies cymosely several-flowered. Petals (mostly)
white. Receptacle red, or whitish ; when ripe, edible. — Strawberry.

• 1. F. Virginiana (Ehrh.) : fruit roundish-ovoid; the aciienia imbedded
in the deeply pitted receptacle ; calyx spreading in fruit ; peduncles coni-

448 ROSACEA. Fragaria.

monly shorter than the (rather coriaceous) leaves ; the direction of the pubes-
cence variable. — Ehrh. beitr. 7. p. 24 ; IVilld. ! spec. 2. p.1091 ,• Pursh, fl.

1. p. 357 ; Torr. ! fl. I. p. 500 ; Scringe ! in DC. prodr. 2. p. 570 ,• Hook. !
fl. Bar.- Am. 1. p. 184 ; Darlingt. fl. Ccst. p. 304. F. Canadensis, Michx. !
fl. 1. 2>- 299 ; Richards. ! appx. FranM. journ. ed. 2.^?. 20. F. glabra &c.,
Duhain. arh. I. p. 181, I. 5. F. vesca, var. Virginiana, Ait. Kew. {ed. 1.)

2. p. 211.

Fields and meadows throughout the United States (in the South common
only in the woody and somewhat elevated districts) and Canada ! extending
to Newfoundland ! and to Arctic America, lat. 64°, Richardson! April-
May. — The deeply pitted fruit affords the only character for this species that
can be wholly relied upon. The pubescence is sometimes appressed or as-
cending on both the petioles and the peduncles, but as often spreading on one
or both: and neither is the length of the peduncles, or the firm texture of the
leaves very constant. F. elatior was doubtless erroneously given by the
older authors as an American species. F. Virginiana and F. Canadensis
were both manifestly founded upon the species here described. — Wild
Strawberry.

2. F. vesca (Linn.) : fruit conical or hemispherical, the achenia superfi-
cial ; calyx much spreading or reflexed in fruit ; peduncles commonly longer
than the leaves ; the direction of the pubescence variable. — Linn. ! spec.
(excl. var.) ; Engl. hot. t. 1524 ; DC. ! I. c. ; Hook. I. c.

p. fruit elongated-conic, acute.

y. " leaves and scapes usually more silky." Nutt. ! m,ss.

Northern States ! Subarctic America and the N. W. Coast ! y. Oregon,
Douglas ! Nuttall ! May. — This species is certainly native in the northern
portions of the United States ; the variety with narrow and elongated fruit is
common in the northern portions of New York and the New England States.
The species, though generally confounded with the preceding, is readily dis-
tinguished by the carpels not being imbedded in the receptacle. It is also
more stoloniferous.

3. F. Chilensis (Ehrh.) : flowers (large) spreading ; leaflets coriaceous,
broadly obovate, very obtuse, coarsely serrate, rugose, very silky-villous be-
neath ; peduncles and calyx silky. Hook. — Ehrh. I. c. ; Willd. ! I. c. ; Se-
ringe, in DC. prodr. 2. p. 571 ,- Cham. <^- Schlecht. ! in Linncea, 2. p. 20 ;
Hook. .' I. c, Sf in bot. Beechey, p. 140. F. sericea, Dougl. mss. ex Hook.
F. Chiloensis &c. Dill. Elth. t. 120. (cult.) F. vesca, var. Chiloensis,
Linn.

0. " peduncles longer than tlie leaves, many times dichotomous ,with a pe-
dicel in the axils." Hook. I. c.

y. peduncles 1 -few-flowered, often shorter than the leaves ; leaflets smaller
and less silky, more cuneiform. — F. Chilensis, a. (in part). Hook. ! I. c. F.
Californica, Cham. Sf Schlecht. I. c. F. cuneifolia, Nutt. ! mss.

Western Coast from Puget Sound ! to California ! — Mr. Nuttall's speci-
mens have smaller flowers and more acuminate sepals ; but corresponding
ones from Dr. Scouler have very large and mostly solitary flowers. The
fruit, according to Mr. NiUtall, "is smaller than in F. Virginiana, and al-
though palatable, the pulp is so covered with villous hairs as to render it as
uncomfortable to the palate as a woolly peach."

Subtribe 6. Dalibarde^. — Calyx flattish, 5-parted, mostly imbricate in
aestivation. Stamens numerous. Carpels numerous, or rarely few, drupa-
ceous, juicy, crowded on the conical receptacle : ovules 2, collateral : styles
terminal or nearly so. Seed suspended. Radicle superior. — Herbaceous or
mostly somewhat shrubby often prickly plants.

IluBus. KOSACEyE. 4 »9

23. DALIBARDA. Linn.; Richanls. in Nestl. Pot. ]>• lH, I. 1 ; DC.jrrodr.

Calyx concave at tlie base, deeply 5-6-parted ; the segments imbricate in
festivation : three of them larger and 3-5-t(X)thed or serrate. Petals 5, sessile,
deciduous. Stamens numerous, inserted into the border of the disk : fila-
ments filiform, deciduous. Ovaries 5-10, willi 2 collateral susjiended ovules,
one of them abortive : styles filiform, deciduous : stigma nearly simple.
Achenia 5-10, dry or slightly drupaceous (the endocarp cartilaginous),
sessile in the bottom of the calyx. Seed suspended. Radicle superior : co-
tyledons tliick. — Small perennial herbs, with creeping stems, and roundish-
cordate crenate leaves, on slender petioles. Scapes 1-2-flowercd. Petals
white.

*-^\. D. repens {L'lim.) : dlfluse, creeping, i)ubescent ; liairs of flic petioles
reflexed ; stipules setaceous ; sepals spreading in flower, converging in fruit,
not bristly ; young ovaries villous-tomento.sc. — Linn. ! sjjcc. 1. ]>• 491 ;
Fursh ! fl.l. p. 350 ; Ton: ! jl. 1. p. 491 ; DC. ! prodr. 2. p. 5G4 ; Hook. !
Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 184. D. violaeoides, Michx. ! fl. 1. p. 299, /. 27. Rubus
Dalibarda, Linn. ! spec. ed. 2 ; Smith I ic. incd. t. 20 ; Willd. ! sp)ec. 2.
p. 1090.

Moist shadv places, Canada ! and New England States ! New York ! and
Pennsylvania ! June-Aug. — Petals ovate, obtuse, twice the length of the
calyx. Achenia white, nearly glabrous when old. The sjiecific name
of Michaux is very expressive of the habit of the plant. — D. caly-
cina of Nej)aul is a congener of our species : D. geoides doubtless is not.
The genus differs essentially from Rubus (in which the ovaries are occa-
sionally few in number) only in the nearly dry achenia.

24. RUBUS. Tourn. ; Linn. gen. p. 254 ; La7n. ill. t. 441.

Calyx concave or flattish at the base, 5-parted, wdthout bracteoles ; the
segments mostly imbricate in a2stivation. Petals 5, deciduous. Stamens
numerous, inserted into the border of the disk. Ovaries numerous (very
rarely few), with 2 collateral suspended ovules in each cell, one of which is
abortive : styles temiinal or nearly so, filiform, deciduous ; stigma simple or
obtuse. Achenia pulpy and drupaceous, aggregated on a conical or cylin-
drical spongy receptacle, either persistent or deciduous. Radicle superior. —
Perennial mostly suffruticose or shrubby plants, with erect or procumbent
mostly prickly and biennial stems. Leaves pinnately or pedately com-
pound, often simple. Flowers white or reddish (inflorescence centrifugal).
Fruit eatable. — Raspberry, Blackberry, Sfc.

§ 1. Carpels forming a somewhat hemispherical fruit., con'cave beneath and
falling away from the dry receptacle when ripe, sometimes few in number
and falling away separately. — (Raspberry.)

* Leaves simple (flowers large),

1. R. odaratus (Linn.) : hispid with glandular hairs, especially the pedun-
cles and calyx ; stem shrubby, branched ; leaves large, 3-lobed (the lower

57

450 ROSACEiE. Rubus.

ones 5-lobed), the middle lobe prolonged, all acute or acuminate, mu-
cronately serrulate-toothed ; stipules nearly free, deciduous ; peduncles
many-flowered, compound ; flowers very large ; sepals appendiculatc with a
very long cusp, shorter than the obovate-orbicular (purplish rose-color) pe-
tals; fruit very broad and flat. — Linn. ! spec. 1.^;. 494 ; Michx. ! Ji. 1. p.
297 ,• Bot. mao;. t. 150 ; Ell. sk. 1. p. 570 ; Torr. ! ji. 1. p. 490 ; Seringe !
in DC. prodr. 2. p. 566 ; Bart.Jl. N. Amcr. t. 42 ; Audvh. birds of Amer.
t. 133 ; Hook. ! Jl Bor.-Am. I. p. 183 ; Darlingt. jJ. Ccst. p. 309.

Rocky places, Canada, as far north as the Saskatchawan ! and North-
ern States! to tlic mountains of Georgia! June— Aug. — Stem erect, 3—4 feet
high. Leaves pubescent beneath, cordate at the base. Peduncles and up-
per part of the stem &c. densely clothed with purplish very clammy
glandular hairs. Cusjis of the calyx as long as the segments, sometimes di-
lated. Fruit yellowish, or red when mature, well-flavored, but many of tlie
carpels usually abortive. — Rose-Jlowering Raspherry.

2. R. NutJmnus (Mogino) : sliglitly hirsute with glandular hairs, naked be-
low ; stem shrubby, flexuous ; leaves 5-lobed ; the lobes nearly equal, broad,
unequally and coarsely toothed ; stipules somewhat adnate to the petiole and
united with each other ; peduncles rather few-flowered ; flowers very large ;
sepals glandular but not hispid, with very long cusps, scarcely tlie length of
the broadly oval (white) petals. — Mogino, pi. Nutk. ic. ; Seringe, in DC.
I. c. ; Lindl. ! hot. reg. t. 1368 ; Bongard ! veg. Sitcha, l. c. p. 131 ;
Hook. ! hot. mag. t. 3453, Sf jl. Bor.-Am. l. c. ; Don, in Brit. jl. gard.
{ser. 2) t. 83.

0. Nuftallii : flowers mostly smaller ; petals longer than the calyx. —
R. parviflorus, Nutt. ! gen. 1. p. 309.

North West Coast, from lat. 51°, Menzies .' Nootka, Moqino ! (ex icon.)
to Oregon, Douglas.' Dr. Scouler! Nut t all ! and California in lat. 43°, ex-
tending to mountain Avoods east of the Rocky Mountains, Drummond ! fi.
Island of Michilimackinack, Ntittall! Shore of Lake Superior, rather abun-
dant. Dr. Pitclier ! Dr. Houghton! June-July. — Resembles R. odoratus,
but readily distinguished by the characters pointed out : it is also more slen-
der, often 4 to 10 feet high on the coast, but in the Rocky Mountains it
dwindles to 12-18 inches, according to Douglas and Drummond. Fruit
red. Petals often crenulate or emarginate. — Specimens from the Rocky
Mountains wholly agree with Mr. Nuttall's R. parviflorus, of which fine
specimens, with very large flowers, have been sent us by Dr. Houghton.

-'3. R. deliciosus (Torr.): stem shrubby, branched, erect; the branches,
young leaves, and calyx tomentose-pubescent, not glandular ; leaves reni-
form-orbicular, rugose, slightly 3-5-lobed, finely serrate-toothed ; stipules
persistent ; peduncle 1-7-flowered ; sepals oval-oblong, with a dilated acu-
mination, shorter than the (purple) oval petals. — Torr..' in ann. lye. New
York, 2. p. 196.

Rocky Mountains, in about lat. 41°, Dr. Ja)nes ! — Leaves about 2 inches
in diameter. Flowers smaller than in R. odoratus. Fruit, according to Dr.
James, large and delicious.

4. R. velutinus (Hook. & Arn.) : stem shrubby, unarmed, erect, flexuous,
pubescent, naked at the base ; leaves large, deeply cordate, acutely 5-lobed,
serrate, reticulated, densely tomentose-ptibescent, paler and velvety be-
neath ; stipules ovate, acuminate, silky ; corymbs few-flowered ; calyx vel-
vety; sepals obtuse, with a long cusp, shorter than the (white) corolla.
Hook. 6f Arn. ! bot. Beechey, p. 140.

St. Francisco, CaUfomia! (v. sp. in herb. Hook.)

5. R. vitifolius (Cham. & Schlecht.) : stem shrubby ; branches aculeate-

RuBus. ROSACEif:. 451

pruinose, puberulent ; peduncles, calyx, and veins of the leaves ariile-
ate with siniijjht weak and somewhat rellexed i)rickles ; leaves ;3-lol)cd,
unequally senate, nearly glabrous ; lobes acute, the lateral ones diverging,
the middle one longest; stijjules setaceous, hairy ; Uowers termiiud, on some-
what corymbose branches ; sepals lanceolate, the apex produced into a very
long linear or dilated and somewliat foliaceous acuminution, longer than tlie
obovate })etals. Cham, c^ Schleclit. in LintKea, 2. i'- 1^-

St. Francisco, California, Chamis.so. — No otlier collector seems to have
found this species. It is said to be canescent when young, and the filaments
equal the petals in length.

' 6. R. Cham(emorus (Linn.) : dicrcious ; stem nearly herbaceous, creeping
at the base, simple, 1-flowereil ; leaves cordate-reniform, somewhat j)licate
and rugose, 5-lobed, serrate ; the lobes short and rounded; stipules ovate, ob-
tuse ; sepals ovate, obtuse, shorter than the sjireading obovate (white) petals;
fruit red. very large. — Linn. ! Jl. Lapp. p. 163, t. 5, /'. 1, 6^- spec. 1. p. 494 ;
En si. hot. t. 506 ; Michx. .' Jl.l. p. 298 ; Pursh ! fi'.l. p. 349 ; DC. ! I. c. ;
Hook. ! I. c.

In sphagnous swamps, throughout Arctic America, from Greenland ! to
Behring's Straits ! and Unalaschka! and from the shores of the Arctic Sea to
Newfoundland! Labrador! Lake Winipeg ! and on the Rocky Mountains
in lat. bi^. Also at Lubeck, Maine (about lat. 44°,) Mr. Oafces ! and on the
White Mountains of New Hampshire, Oafces .' .lune-July. — Flower large.
Fruit large, delicious, composed of few aud large carpels, ripe in
August.

7. it. stellatus (Smith) : stem licrbaceous, simple, 1-flowered, leaves cor-
date, rugose, deeply 3-lol)ed or 3-parted, serrate ; stipules ovate, obtuse ; pe-
duncle short; segmeuts of the calyx linear-subulate; petals (red) oblong,
erect. Hook. — Smitk ! ic. ined. t. 64; Pursh! ji. 1. p. 349; Hook. ! jl.
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 183. R. stenopetalus, Fisch, in Choris, voy. pitt. p. 10,
fide Bons^nrd.

N. W. Coast, near Foggy Harbor, Menzies ! — Resembles R. arcticus ex-
cept in the division of the leaves. E. Mej-er {pi. Labrad.) refers it to R.
Cham?Bmorus, but erroneously.

8. a. nivalis (Dougl.) : small, frutescent ; leaves cordate, 3-lobed, sharply
toothed, glabrous, the petioles aud veins of the leaves anned with recurved
prickles ; stipules ovate, acute ; peduncles short, 2-flowered ; segments [of
the calyx?] lanceolate, hair^'. " Dougl. ??;5S." ex Hook. l. c.

On the high snowy ridges of the Rocky Mountains. — Fruit red. Flowers
red ? Seeds few, large, and wrinkled. A low species, not more than 6 inch-
es high. Douglas, l. c. — Hooker has no specimen of this plant. Perhaps
it is a species of the succeeding section, with the leaflets confluent, which is
sometimes the case.

* * Leaves {pinnately or pedaiely) 3-5-foliolate.

+ Stems mostly herbaceous and annual (fruit usually of few grains).

_.' 9. R. arcticus (Linn.) : stem low, herbaceous, sometimes dicrcious, un-
armed, somewhat pubescent ; mostly erect, 1-2-llowcred ; leaves trifbliolate ;
leaflets rhombic-ovate or obovate, coarsely and often doubly serrate, petiolu-
late ; stip,ules ovate ; sepals lanceolate, acute, often shorter than the obovate
entire or emarginate (reddish) petals. — Linn. ! Jl. Lapp. p. 162. t. 5, f. 2, 8f
spec. I. c. ; Fl. Dan. t. 488 ; Ensl. hot. t. 1685; Bot. mag. t. 132 ; Pursh !
fl. I. p. 349 : DC. ! I. c. Cham . &,- Schlecht. ! I. c. ; E. Meyer, pi. Labrad.
p. 79; Hook. ! fl. Bar.- Am. 1. p. 182.

452 f ROSACEiE. Rubus.

13. stem shorter ; petals obovate-oblong ; sepals rather narrower. — R. acau-
lis, Michx.! Jl. I. p. 298; Hook..' I. c. R. pistillatus, Smith! e.rot. bat. 2.
p. 53, t. 86 ; Pursh ! I. c.

y. Stem flagelliform, erect at the apex (sometimes 2-flowerecl). — R. propin-
quus, Richards, appx. FranM. journ. ed. 2.^.'. 19.

Throughout Arctic America i'rom Greenland ! &c. to Kotzehue's Sound !
Also Labrador ! Newfoundland ! Saskatchawan in lat. 53°, and Rocky
Mountains! — " Berries amber, very deliciou?," Pursh. (The fruit seldom
ripens in Lapland.) — The remarks of Chamisso and of E. Meyer are con-
firmed by the specimens before us. The pistils, according to the latter, are
approximate in the sterile plant, and the filaments somewhat dilated.

' 10. R. pedatus (Smith) : stem creeping and flagelliform, branching from
the base, herbaceous, filiform ; leaves 3-foliolate, or i)edately 5-foliolate by
the division of the two lateral leaflets, membranaceous, nearly glabrous ;
leaflets obovate, incised and serrate ; stipules roundish, scarious, persistent ;
peduncles filiform, mostly bibracteate, 1-flowered; sepals ovate-lanceolate,
entire or serrate-incised, at length reflexed, nearly the length of the obovate-
oblong often crenulate sessile (white) petals ; carpels 3-C, large and pulpy
(red) in fruit. — Smith! ic.ined. t. 63 ; Pursh ! I. c. ; Hook. ! Jt. Bor.-Am. 1.
p. 181, t. 62. Dalibarda pedata, " Steph. mem. soc. Mosc." Comaropsis
pedata, DC. prodr. 2. p. bbb ; Bon gar d ! veg. Sitcha, I. c. p. 134.

On prostrate trunks of rotten trees, m shady woods, &c. N. W. Coast,
Menzies ! Eschscholtz! Mr. Ihlmie ! Sitcha, Bongard! Oregon, Douglas !
Dr. Scouler ! and in the Rocky Mountains between lat. 52° and 56°, Drum-
mond ! — Differs from the present genus only in the few carpels, and in want-
ing the protuberant receptacle ; and from Dalibarda only in the pulpy fruit
and divided leaves : but several species of Rubus of very different habit
among themselves also have the carpels reduced to about 6 or 8. It differs
essentially from Comai'opsis. There are 2 suspended ovules in each ovary,
one of which is abortive, as in the rest of the genus.

11. R. saxatiiis (Linn.): herbaceous; flowering stems simple, erect;
stolons prostrate and sterile ; leaves 3-foliolate, on long petioles, somewhat
pubescent ; leaflets rhomboid-ovate, mostly obtuse at both ends ; ^^eduncle
3-8-flowered ; pedicels short, and, with the calyx, pubescent, but not glan-
dular; sepals at length reflexed, as long as the petals; fruit red, composed
of few very large grains. — Linn.! spec. 1. p. 494; Engl. hot. t. 232; DC.
prodr. 2. p. 564.

Greenland, Hornemann ! — This species seems not to have been found in
any part of the American continent proper.

-' 12. R. trijiorus (Richards.): unarmed; stem suffiutescent at the base,
ascending, the branches herbaceous, often flagelliform ; leaves 3- (sometimes
pedately 5- ) foliolate, on slender petioles ; leaflets membranaceous, almost
glabrous, or pubescent beneath, rhombic-ovate or somewhat ovate-lanceolate,
acute at both ends, often acuminate, coarsely doubly serrate, often somewhat
incised ; the terminal one petiolulate ; stipules ovate, entire ; peduncle termi-
nal, 1-3-flowered ; the pedicels elongated, and, as well as the calyx, minutely
glandular; sepals (5-7) lanceolate, acute or acuminate, at length reflexed,
rather shorter than the spatulate-oblong erect (white) petals ; fruit small,
red. — Richards. ! appx. Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. 19 ; Hook.! Jl. Bor.-Am.
I. p. 181, t. 62. R. saxatiiis a. Canadensis, Michx.! fl. 1. p. 298;
Richards. I. c. ed. 1. R. saxatiiis, Bigel. I. c, R. saxatiiis H. Americanus,
Seringe ! in DC. I. c. R. flagellaris, £. Meyer, pi. Labrad. 1 R. segopo-
dioides, Seringe ! in DC. I. c. R. mucronatus, Seringe, in DC. I. c. (ex
descr.) R. Canadensis ? Torr. ! fl. 1. p. 488, not of Linn. Cylactis mon-
tana, Raf. in Sill. jour. l.p. 377.

RuBUs. ROSACEiE. A',?.

Moist woods and shady liill-sides, Canada, from Hudson's Bay! and ihf
Saskatcliawan ! to tlie New Kntjlanil Slates! the Northern |)art of Now
York! and Pennsylvania. June. — Stems, hrauehes, 6cc. minutely |)uhes-
cent ; the summit of the sterile i)ranehes beeoming stoloniferous ami often
rooting at the extremity. Leallets sometimes deeply incised. Fruit com-
posed of few grains, reddish })ur]ile when fully ripe, sour, but wlien they
ripen in less shady situations raiher pleasant, having nearly the flavor of K.
occidentalis. — Dr. Ricliardson has well distinguished this species from R.
saxalilis, the oidy one with wliich it can l)e confounded, and Hooker has
given a good figure, but witli the leaflets less acuminate and less acute at
the base than is usual as it occurs in the United Slates.

t t Stems biennial, somewhat slirubby.

1.3. R. strigosus (Michx.) : stem erect, suflruticose, armed, as well as the
petioles, peduncles, and calyx, with straight spreading rigid bristles (some of
whicli become weak hooked prickles) which are glandular when young,
slightly glaucous ; leaves pinnately 3-5-foliolate ; leaflets oblong-ovate,
acuminate, incisely serrate, canescenlly tomentose beneath ; the terminal one
often cordate at the base, the lateral sessile ; stipules setaceous, deciduous ;
peduncles 4-G-flowered; petals (white) erect, about the length of the spread-
ing sepals ; fruit light red, very juicy. — Michx:! fi. 1. p. 297 ; Pursh! Jl.
I. p. 346 ; Torr.! Jl. I. p. 488; Richards. ! ajypx. Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p.
19 ; Hook. ! jl. Bor.-Am. 1 . p. 177. R. Pennsylvanicus, Poir. diet. 6. p.
246. R. Idaeus, Nutt. gen. 1. p. 308. R. Wseus P. Canadensis, Richards.
I. c. ed. 1.

Hill-sides and rocky places, Canada ! and from Newfoundland ! and
Saskatcliawan ! to Pennsylvania ! Oregon, Menzies, Douglas. May. —
Stems liglit brown, shining. Flowers rather larger than those of R. Idseus ;
the fruit resembling that species, and scarcely inferior in flavor ; the
carpels pruinose. The berries ripen from .lune to August. The leaflets are
often narrow, but sometimes broadly ovate, and are occasionally conflu-
ent. The jx'duncles are axillary as well as terminal, and often aggregated
at the summit of the branches so as to form a leafy panicle. — The true R.
IdsDus of Europe we believe is not indigenous even in the northern portion
of this continent ; but this species resembles it very much, and has some-
times been mistaken for it. — Red Raspherry.

14. R. occidentalis (Linn.) : glaucous, armed with hooked prickles (not
hispid) ; stems shrubby, recurv^ed ; leaves pinnately 3- (rarely 5- ) foliolate ;
leaflets ovate, acuminate, coarsely doubly serrate, somewhat incised, canes-
cently tomentose beneath ; the lateral leaflets somewhat petiolulale; stipules
setaceous ; terminal peduncles several-flowered, the pedicels sliort ; petals
(white) shorter than the reflexed sej)als ; fruit dark purple. — Linn. ! spec. 1.
p. 493 ; Michx. ! jl. 1. p. 297 ; Pursh, I. c. ; Torr. ! jl.l.p. 489 ; Richards.
I. c. ; Hook. ! I. c. (excl. P.) ; Darlingt. jl. Cest. p. 306. R. Idaeus /?.
Americanus, 2''orr. ! in ann. lye. New York, 2. p. 196. R. Idaeus, fructu
nigro, &c. Dill. Elth. t. 247.

Borders of woods &c., Canada ! and Northern States ! to the mountaijis
of Georgia, and west to Council BlufTs, Missouri, Dr. James ! and sources
of the Oregon, Douglas. Abounding where woods have been recently cut
down. May. — Stems 5-8 feet long, redilish-brown, sparingly branched.
Leaflets seldom cordate. Axillary peduncles 1-3-flowered, the upper ones
clustered. Fruit roundish, nearly black when ripe, glaucous, composed of
numerous small grains, well-flavored, ripening in June and July. — Black
Raspberry. Thimble- Berry. — Resembles the preceding in its foliage, but
the mode of growth is very different, as also is the fruit. Yet Mr. Cakes

454 R0SACE7E. Rubds.

sends specimens, collected by Mr. Robbins at Cambridge, Vermont, which
are said to bear fruit intermediate between the two, and the liabit of the
plant is apparently intermediate. " It is distinguished by the inhabitants,
and was pointed out by them." The specimens seem to belong rather to
R. strigosus. R. occidentalis, Schlecht. ! (in Lirineea, 13. p. 271) from Mexi-
co, is a different species.

1.5. R. leucodermis (Dougl. ! mss.) : glaucous, armed with very strong
recurved prickles; stems erect; leaves 3-foliolate or sometimes pedately
5-foliolate ; leaflets broadly ovate, incised and serrate, acute, canescently
tomentose beneath; stipules setaceous; peduncles axillary and terminal,
few-flowered ; petals nearly the length of the sepals ; fruit large, brownish-
black with a white bloom. — R. occidentalis 0. Hook. fl. Bar. -Am. 1. p.
178.

Oregon, Douglas ! Nuttail ! — The specimens received from Dr. Lindley
and from Mr. Nuttail appear to differ from R. occidentalis in the numerous
and remarkably strong prickles, larger, broader, and more incised leaflets ;
the latter when more than three being pedate, with the 3 upper leaflets
much petiolulate, the two k)wer smaller and nearly sessile. The fruit, ac-
cording to Nuttail, has the same flavor as R. occidentalis, but is covered with
a copious bloom.

16. R. spectahilis (Pursh) : unanned or with deciduous prickles, erect ;
stem and branches terete ; leaves nearly glabrous, 3-foliolate ; leaflets ovate,
acuminate, membranaceous, somewhat pinnatifid-incised, serrate ; the lateral
leaflets distant from the terminal one, subsessile, often deeply 2-lobed ; sti-
pules setaceous ; peduncles solitary or in pairs, 1-2-flowered ; sepals hairy
at the base, broadly ovate, with a short acumination, much shorter than the
oblong (bright red) petals; fruit large, yellowish or red. — Pursh! fi. 1. p.
348, t. 16 ,- Cham. Sf Schlecht. ! I. c. ; Bongard ! veg. Sltcha, I. c. p. 131 ;
Hook. ! fi. Bor.-Am. \. p. 178 ; Lindl..' hot. reg. t. 1424. R. stenopetalus,
Fisch. fide Hook.

In shady woods near streams, Oregon ! and N. W. Coast ! to Unalaschka !
& Sitcha ! common near the ocean. — Shrub 6-10 feet high. Flowers very
large. Fruit ovoid, red, more than twice the size of that of R. Idaeus, but
much inferior in flavor, Chamisso, (oblong yellowish-white and well-flavored,
Douglas : " varying from amber-yellow to cherry -red, highly translucent,
but neither abundant nor very finely flavored, being rather watery and acidu-
lous." Nuttail.) Styles long and somewhat persistent.

§ 2. Carpels 2>ersistent on the someivhat juicy receptacle {fruit mostly ovate or
oblong.) — (Blackberry.)

17. R. villosus (Ait.) : stem erect or reclined, angular, armed (as well as
the petioles and often the midrib of the leaflets) with stout cur^-ed prickles ;
branches, peduncles, and lower surface of the leaves tomentose-villous and
glandular; leaves 3-foliolate or pedately 5-foliolate; leaflets ovate or oblong-
ovate, mostly acuminate, doubly or unequally serrate ; the terminal one con-
spicuously petiolulate and mostly subcordate ; stipules linear or subulate ;
peduncles many-flowered, the flowers racemose ; bracts many times shorter
than the pedicels ; sepals with a linear acumination, much shorcer than the
obovate spreading (white) petals; fruit large, black. — Ait..' Kew. (ed. 1.)
2. p. 210 ; Michx. ! fl. 1. p. 297 ; Bigel. ! med. hot. t. 38, S^-fl.. Bost. ed. 2.
p. 199 ; Ell. ! sk. 1. p. 567 ; Hook.! I. c. ; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 307. R.
fruticosus, Walt.

P. frondosv-s (Torr.) : much less glandular, smootJier ; stems erect or

RuBUs. ROSACEiE. 455

icd; leaflets incisely serrate; flowers fewer, corymbose, with leafy
•«. — Torr.f Ji. \. ]}• 487. R. froiulosiis, Bis^eL! I. c. ; Beck, hoi. p. lo.'j.

reclined :

bracts.

R. subereetus, Hook. I. c. 1 R. ineriiiis, Willi/, cnum. I. p. 549 / (si)ce,

in herb. WUUt.)

y. Jiuiiiifusus: steins procumbent or trailing; leaves smaller ; peduncles
1-5-flowcred. — R. Enslcnii, Trail. Kosar. 'd. p. G3 .' R. floridus. Trail.
I. c. 1

Borders of woods and old fields, Canada ! and throughout tlie United
States! iMay-.Tune. — This species varies mucli in its mode of growth and
appearance ; tlie tall erect forms (4-8 feet high) are often accomi)anied bv
prostrate stems, tlirowing up short few-flowered branches; and the raceme^s
of the larger and more villous plant are often leafy below. The inflorescence,
however, even in this form of the species, is not strictly a raceme, since the
terminal flower (contrary to the diagnosis of Bigelow) always expands first,
as it does in all the species of the genus, and the others follow irregularly.
All the forms are glandular, but the R. frondosus of Bigelow much less so.
The fruit is the sanu; in all, ovoid-oblong, sometimes acute, half an inch
to nearly an uich in length, purple, turning nearly black when fully ripe,
when it is sweet and well-flavored. In tlie Northern States it ripens in July
and August: in the Southern as early as June. — Blackberry-bush. High
Blackberry.

_L-18. R. Canadensis (Linn.): stem shrubby, ascending at the base, trailing
' or procumbent, somewhat prickly ; leaves .3-fr)liolate or pedately 5-6-folio-
late, glabrous or pubescent ; leaflets oval, rhombic-ovate, or almost lanceo-
late, mostly acute or acuminate, membranaceous, sharply and uneriuallv
serrate, often somewhat incised ; petioles and peduncles naked, or armed witli
bristly prickles ; stijiules linear, entire or serrate ; flowers racemose or some-
what corymbose, With leafy bracts, the lower peduncles distant, the uj)per
crowded ; ])etals (white) twice the length of the mucronafe sepals; fruit very
large, black. — Linn.! spec. 1. p. 494. R. procumbens, Muhl. cat., &f Ji.
Lancastr. ined. R. trivialis, Pursh ; Torr. ! Ji. 1. p. 489; Bigel. I. c. ;
Hook. ! I. c. ; Darling t. ! ji. Cest. p. 308 ; not of Michx. R. flagellaris!
Willd. ! enum. 1. p. 549. R. argutus. Link, eiium. 2. p. 60.

Fields and barren or rocky soils, Canada ! Newfoundland ! and Northern
States ! to the Alleghany Mountains in Virginia. May. — Flowers smaller
than in R. villosus. Pedicels and calyx often slightly glandular ; sepals to-
mentose inside and along the margin. Fruit roundish or oblong, obtuse, half
an inch to an inch in diameter, with large grains, black, very svveet and juicy
when mature ; ri})ening in July and August. When it grows in shady oV

moist places, the fruit is smaller fmd sour. — Low Blackberry. Dewberry.

It is not easy always to distinguish this species from tlie smoother and
prostrate forms of R. villosus, and yet no one can doubt that they are distinct
species. The leaflets arc frequently 5 in number, and are then narrower ;
but we have never observed as many as 7 or 10 ; neither are tliey to be
found in Linna^us's specimen of R. Canadensis, which was erroneously de-
scribed in this respect from the circumstance of two leaves overlvin'' each
other. Hence the Linutuan species has not been recognized by succeeding
botanists.

--^19. R. hispidus (Linn.) : stems slender, jjrostrate, soinewhaf shrubby,
clothed with retrorse bristles or weak jirickles ; leaves 3- (rarely pedately 5-)
foliolate, mostly persistent ; leaflets rather coriaceous, obovate, conmionly
obtuse, coarsely and unequally serrate, entire towards the base, glabrous ;
stipules Hnear ; peduncles naked, mostly corymbosely several-flowered, often
bristly; pedicels filiform; flowers small ; petals (white) obovate or oblonir-
obovate, twice the length of the very spreading sepals ; fruit small, blackish.

456 V ROSACKtE. Rublh.

—Linn. ! spec. 1. ;;. 4!)3, not of DC. R. obovalis, Michx. ! jl. 1. p. 298 ;
Pursh. ! Jl. 1. p. 349 ; DC. I. c. R. obovatus, Tratt. Rosac. 3. p. 95 ;
ffooA:/ ^. Bar.- Am. \. p. 180, <. 60 ; Darlingt.fi. Cest.p. 308. R. fragi-
formis, Muhl. in herb. Willd. ! no. 9909. R. frivialis, Torr. ! fi. 1. p. 39
(excl. syn.) ; Willd. ! cnum. (partly.) R. sempervirens, Bigel. fl. Bost.
ed. 2. p. 201.

/?. setosus : stems reclining -, leaflets oblong-obovate, narrowed at the base ;
branchlets and pedicels bristly, fruit (ex Bigel.) red. — R. setosus, Bigel. ! Jl.
Bost. ed. 2. p. 198.

In shady swamps and wet woods, Canada ! and Northern States ! to the
mountains of S. Carolina ! May-June. — Stem extensively prostrate among
mosses &c., with short erect branches, thickly clothed with strong bristles, a
few of which at length become i)rickles and are more persistent : the petioles
and peduncles are commonly more or less armed with tlie same rigid bris-
tles. The leaves are persistent until after those of the succeeding year are
j)roduced. Fruit sour, composed of few large grains. — We have specimens
from Mr. Oakes which are quite intermediate between the ordinary forms of
this species, and the R. setosus of Bigelow.

20. R. trivialis (Michx.) : sarmentose-procumbent, shrubby, armed with
bristles and strong at length uncinate prickles ; leaves (persistent) 3- (or pe-
dately 5-) foliolate ; leaflets ovate-oblong or almost lanceolate, acute (rare-
ly obtuse and slightly obovate,) sharply serrate, nearly glabrous ; stipules
subulate ; peduncles 1-3-flowered ; flowers large ; petals broadly obovate,
more than twice the length of the reflexed sepals; fruit large, black.
—Michx. ! fi. 1. p. 296/ Ell. ! sk. 1. p. 569 ; IIool: Sf- Am. ! compan. to hot.
mag. 1. p. 25 («. Sf P-) ; not oi other authors. R. flagellaris. Hook. Sf-Arn.!
I. c, not of Willd. R. hispidus, Willd. ! I. c. ; Seringe ! in DC. I. c.
(excl. syn.)

ff. branches erect ; leaves (larger) oblong-ovate, mostly acuminate.

Pennsylvania ? S. Carolina ! to Florida ! Louisiana ! Arkansas ! and
Texas ! in dry soil. March-May. — The leaves are more coriaceous and
often smaller than in any other N. American species, the young stems very
hispid as well as prickly, the flowers large in proportion, on long hispid or
prickly peduncles. It is very different from the Dew-berry of the Northern
States, which has been called R. trivialis. It ripens its fruit in May, and is
called Low Bush-Blackberry.

21. R. cuneifolius (Pursh) : shrubby, low, armed with stout recurved
prickles ; stems mostly erect ; young branches and lower surface of the 3-foli-
olate leaves pubescent-tomentose ; leaflets cuneiform-obovate, rather coria-
ceous, with the veins prominent beneath, serrate towards the apex, the mar-
gin revolute near the base ; stipules linear-setaceous ; peduncles few-flow-
ered ; petals obovate (white or rose-color), much longer than the tomentose
oblong mucronate sepals ; fruit ovoid, black. — Pursh ! fi. 1. p. 347 ; Nutt. !
gen. \.p. 308 ,• Ell. sk. \. p. 586 ; Torr.! fi. 1. p. 483 ; Darlingt.fi. Cest.
p. 306. R. parvifolius, Walt. Car. p. 149.

Sandy woods and fields, Long Island ! and New Jersey ! to Florida !
May-June. — Stem 1-3 feet high. Leaves rarely pedately 5-foliolate : the
terminal leaflet petlolulate. Pedicels diverging. Fruit about half an inch
long, ripening in June in the Southern States (farther north in July and Au-
gust), juicy and well-flavored.

22. R. ursinus (Cham. & Schlecht.) : stem procumbent, terete, aculeate;
branches, petioles, midrib of the leaflets, and calyx prickly and tomentose ;
leaves 3-foliolate (the uppermost often simple) ; the leaflets broadly ovate,
somewhat petiolulate ; the terminal one subcordate, somewhat lobed, unequal-
ly serrate, hirsute above, tomentose beneath ; stipules linear, small ; pedun-

Rosa. ROSACEiE. 467

cles fcw-flowcred ; sepals ovale, inucrnnate or acumliiaic, shorter ilian the
(red. Hook.) ])etals. — Cham. <.y Sclderlit. ! in Linn/ea, 2. p. 11. R, Mcn-
zicsii, HooTc. ! Jl. Bor.-Ain. 1. p. 141, (.y W. Beechcy, i. c.

California, Mcnzies ! Chamisso ! — Probably not a native of the North West
Coast, as the specimen of Mr. Menzies in the Banksian lierbarium is stated
to come from California. The ]>lant of Chamisso is the same : the species
is a Blackberry, nearest allied, perhaps, to our R. cuneifolius.

--"23. R. macropdalus {Do\\a\.) '. hirsute-pubescent, " diitscious" ; stem tail,
shrubby ; branches and petioles, as also tlie midrib of the leaflets and the
calyx, armed with setaceous ])rickles ; leaves 3-foliolate, the lower ones often
))iniiately o-foliolate ; leaflets ovate, incised and serrate, the terminal one ra-
ther distant; stipules lanceolate ; peduncles axillary and terminal, 2-7-flow-
cred ; sepals acuminate, nearly e(|ualling the oblong spreading petals; fruit
oblong, black.— Z)oM»L in Hook.! fi. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 178, <. 59; Hook. S;
Arn.! hot. Bccchcy, p. 140. R. myriacantluis, Dougl. ! mss.

Along rivers and in low woods, Oregon, Douglas ! Dr. Scouler ! Nultall!
Mr. Tolmie ! and in California. — Branches often glaucous. Leaves on the
sarmentose branches often 5-foliolnle ; the lower pair distant, conspicuously
petif)lulalc, and often 2-lobed. There are two forms, one with the leaflets
mostly acute; the other {IS. mollis. Null. R. myriacantha, Dougl.) with the
leaflets mostly obtuse and more pubescent, and the prickles nearly straight :
the ui)permost leaves often simi)lc. Mr. Nuttall remarks that the flowers are
dicEcious, or rather dia3cio-polygamous. " The figure of Honker represents
the sterile plant. In the fertile, the flowers are not half the size, and want the
stamens altogether. The flowering branches are all trifoliolatc, and the leaves
are often persistent. The fruit (a blackberry) is cyiindric-oval, brownish-
black, juicy, and sweeter than our common blackberry (R. villosus)." Nutt.

Tribe III. ROSEjE. Juss.

Calyx urceolate ; the tube contracted at the niouth, at length
fleshy or baccate, including the numerous distinct ovaries ; the seg-
ments somewhat spirally imbricated in gestivation. Carpels (ache-
nia) l-seeded and indehiscent, crustaceous, hairy, with 2 suspended
ovules, one above the other, inserted on the whole inner surface of
the thickened torus or disk which lines the tube of the calyx : styles
terminal or nearly so, somewhat exserted, distinct, or connate above,
rather persistent. — Shrubby and prickly plants, with pinnate leaves,
rarely reduced to a single leaflet, and mostly adnata stipules.

25. ROSA. Tourn. ; Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 440; Lindl. monogr. Ros. (1820.)

Character same as of the tribe. Stipules present.

* Styles coherent into a column.

^ \. R. sdigera (Michx.) : branches elongated, ascending, glabrous, armed
with a few stipular or scattered stout somewhat uncinate prickles ; leaflets
(large) 3-5, ovate or oblong-ovate, acute or acuminate, sharply serrate, gla-
brous and rather shining above ; stipules narrow, the free apex lanceolate or
subulate; petioles, peduncles, and calyx glandular; flowers corymbose;
calvx-segments acuminate or attenuate-cuspidate, entire, or commonly with
2 or more lateral setiform appendages ; petals obcordate, rather caducous ;

58

458 ROSACEiE. Rosa.

styles cohering in a column as long as the stamens ; fruit globose, smooth
{red).— Michx. ! fl. 1. p. 295, R. rubifolia, R. Br. in hort. Kew. {ed. 2.) 3.
p. 260 ,• Seringe, in DC. I. c.

a. glabra : leaves 3-foliolate, glabrous beneath.

p. iomentosa : leaves 3- (sometimes 5-) foliolate, tomentose beneath. — R.
rubifolia, iZ. Br. I. c.

Southern and Western States, from Michigan ! and Ohio ! to Arkansas !
Louisiana ! and Georgia ! June-July. — This beautiful species is capable o f
being trained to a great extent : it bears a profusion of large but nearly in-
odorous reddish flowers. The petioles are usually a little pricklj'. The
name of R. rubifolia must yield to the prior one of Michaux, and it is be-
sides too similar in sound with R. rubrifolia.

* * Styles not coherent.

2. R. Carolina (Linn.) : stem smooth, armed with stout recurved mostly
stipular prickles, not bristly ; leaflets 5-9, elliptical, often acuminate, finely
serrate, petiolulatc, not shining above, the lower surface as well as the pe-
tiole puberulent and pale ; stipules long and narrow, the margins involute ;
flowers corymbose ; calyx and peduncles glandular-hispid ; the sepals most-
ly entire, with foliaceous terminations ; fruit depressed-globose (dark red and
shining when mature), mostly a little glandular-hispid. — Linn. ! sp>ec. {ed. 2.)
1. p. 703 ; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 341 ; Ell. sk. 1. p. 565 ; Lindl. Ros. p. 23,
t. 4 ; Torr. ! fl. 1. p. 486 ; Seringe, in DC. I. c. ; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1.
p. 199 ,- Darlingt. fl. Cest. jy. 311. R. corjanbosa, Ehrh. hcitr. 4. p. 21 ;
Muhl. cat. R. Virginiana, Duroi. R. Pennsylvanica, Michx. fl. l.p. 296
(partly). R. Caroliniana, Bigel.

In low swampy grounds and thickets, Canada ! and Northern States ! to
Ohio ! and in the Southern States towards the mountains. July. — Stem
4-6 feet high, with very smooth purplish branches. Leaflets acute at the
base, sometimes obtuse and a little obovate. Petioles a little bristly and
glandular. Petals large, reddish, mostly obcordate. — Elliott is quite right in
the suggestion that R. lucida, or at least some other than the present species,
was the original R. Carolina. The species was entirely founded on " Rosa
Carolina fragrans" &c. Dill. Elth. t. 245, /. 316, in the first edition of the
species Plantamm, which certainly was not intended for the present plant.
In the second edition, Linnsus has described from the specimen in his own
herbarium (from the Upsal garden), which belongs to the present species, and
has adduced the synonym of Dillenius with a mark of doubt. Hence it
would be improper to restore the name to the original plant, which cannot be
identified from the figure. — Swamp Rose.

3. R. lucida (Ehrh.) : stems armed with numerous scattered unequal
setaceous at length mostly deciduous prickles ; those of the flowering branches
stipular, slender, straight or slightly recurved, or sometimes wanting r leaf-
lets 5-9, elliptical, sharply serrate, glabrous and shining above, the lower
pair commonly approximate to the stipules ; the petioles somewhat glandu-
lar or hispid; stipules dilated; flowers 1-3; the peduncles and entire or
laciniate-appendiculate elongated calyx-segments glandular-hispid ; the tube
sometimes glabrous ; petals obcordate or emarginate, about the length of the
calyx-segments ; fruit (small, red) depressed-globose, mostly glabrous when
mature. — R. lucida & parviflora, Ehrh. ; Willd. ! ^- authors.

a. leaflets crowded, elHptical-oblong or lanceolate-ovate, scarcely paler
and glabrous or slightly pubescent on the veins beneath; petioles mostly
glabrous. — R. parviflora, Ehrh. beitr. i. p. 11 ; IVilld. ! spec. 2. p. 1068 ;
Jacq. fragm. t. 107, /. 3 ; Ell. sk. 1. p. 563 ; Lindl. ! Rus.p. 17 ; Hook.

Rosa. ROSACE iE. 459

I. c. R. Carolina, Duroi. R. Carolina Cragrans, &r., D'dl. Ellh. t. 245, /.
316 ? R. rajja, Bosc. ; Pair, suppi. R. Caroliniana, Michx. ! Jl. 1. j). 295.
R. parviflora, Torr. ! Jl. 1. 2>- 484.

/?. Ieafl(!t3 less crowded, oval, mostly very obtuse, paler but often nearly
f;lal>n)u.s beneath ; petioles pubescent or glabrous. — R. parviflora, Ehrh. I. r. ;
Wdld. ! 1. c. ; Lindl. ! Ros. p. 20. R. liuniilis. Marsh. R. Pennsylvanica,
Wang. Amer. p. 113. R. lucida, Torr.! I. c.

y. leaflets (5-7) not crowded, shining above, much paler and pubescent
beneath ; petioles pubescent, and often with the midrib of the leaflets glan-
dular; stijjules scarcely dilated; flowers smaller. — R. parviflora. Ell. L c?
R. Lvoni, Pursh, jl. 1. p. 345.

In "dry places and also along the margin of swamps, Newfoundland and
New Enirland States ! to Georgia ! y. Western States from Ohio ! to Lou-
isiana! Arkansas! and Alabama! May-.Tune. — .Stem 1-2 (or sometimes
3) feet high, with greenish branches ; the sti|)ular prickles straight and slen-
der, horizontal or deflexed, sometimes a little recurved. Flowers rather
large, pale red. — We have various intermediate forms of this common
and widely diffused Rose, which, we are confident, belong to a single
species.

4. R. nitida (Willd.) : stems low, and, with the branches and pedtmcles,
densely armed wnth straight and slender prickles or strong bristles; leaflets
5-9, rather rigid or coriaceous, very glabrous and shining, lanceolate or lan-
ceolate-oblong, serrate ; stipules dilated, reaching to the lowest pair of leaf-
lets ; flowerssolitary ; calyx hispid, witli the bristles somewhat glandular ;
petals (red) obcordate ; fruit (scarlet) shining, globose. — Willd. enum. \. p.
554; Lindl.! Ros. p. 13, t.2; DC. prodr. 2. p. 603; Hook.! I.e. R.
blanda, Pursh, ft. 1. p. 344, Sf2. p. 749, not of Ait.

Newfoundland ! to Massachusetts, Mr. Oakes ! — Resembles some forms
of R. lucida, but appears to be an entirely distinct species. The specimen
named R. nitida in Willdcnow's herbarium is R. laevigata, Michx. .'

5. R. cinnamomea (Linn.) : prickles of the young sterile stems crowded,
straight, and unequal, the larger ones subulate, the smaller setaceous and
not glandular; those of the branches stouter, stipular, and arcuate; leaflets
5-7, oval-oblong, simply serrate, cinereous-pubescent beneath ; stipules of
the sterile branches linear-oblong, ^vith the margins tubulose-connivent ; those
of tlie flowering branches dilated above, with ovate acuminate spreading
auricles ; segments of the calyx as long as the corolla, entire, lanceolate-
acuminate ; peduncles short, straight in fruit, and, as well as the calyx-tube,
glabrous; fruit globose, smooth, pulpy, crowded with tlie connivent persistent
calyx-segments. Koch.— Engl. hot. t. 2388; Lindl. Ros. p. 28, t. 5 ; DC
prodr. 2. p. 605 (excl. (i.) ; Hook. I. c. ; Koch,fl. Germ. Sf Helv. p. 224.

/?. lower ; prickles of the flowering branches solitary, recurved. — R. ma-
jalis, " Retz. ohs. ;" Lindl. ! Ros. p. 34 ; Hook. I. c.

Shores of the Oregon, Dr. Scolder, (ex Borrcr in Hook. I. c.) p. From
the Saskatchawan to Mackenzie River, Dr. Richardson. — We have a spe-
cimen from Dr. Scouler, labelled R. cinnamomea, which appears to be R.
fraxinifolia. We have no wild spechiiens of R. majalis; but a cultivated
one from, the garden of the London Horticultural Society has wholly the
dilated stipules of R. cinnamomea.

6. R. blanda (Ait.) : stems and sterile branches (reddish) armed with
scattered unequal straight and slender deciduous prickles, the flowering
branches and petioles "mostly naked ; leaflets 5-7, oval or oblong, obtuse,
equally serrate, not shining above, pale and usually minutely pubescent
beneath, the petioles tomentose-pubescent or sometimes glabrous ; stipules
much dilated, with entire or glandular-serrulate margins ; flowers 1-3, on

460 ROSACEiE. Rosa.

short glabrous peduncles; segments of the calyx entire, shorter than the
corolla, oltcn glandular, the tube glabrous and glaucous ; fruit globose,
crowned with tlie persistent at length connivent calyx-segments. — Ait. Kew.
(ed. 1.) 2. 2)- 202 ; Jacq. fragm. l 105 ; Willd. I. c. ; Lindl. Ros. p. 25 ;
Hook. ! Jl. Bar.- Am. 1. j). 199. R. Pennsylvanica, Michx. I. c. (partly, ex
spec!) R. gemella, Willd. enum. 1. 2>- 344. (partly, ex spec.!); Smith!
in Rees, cyd. R. fraxinifolia, Seringe, in DC. I. c. R. Lindleyi, Spreng.
syst. ? Seringe, I. c. ?

p. leaflets 7-9, smaller. — R. Woodsii, var. Boner, in Hook. ! L. c.

Newfoundland ! Hudson's Bay, Saskatchawan ! (as far north as Bear
Lake, Richardson!) to the northern portions of t?ie New England States I
New York! and Pennsylvania (on rocks). Blay-June. — Stems 1-3 feet
high. Flowers rather large, rose-color : petals obcordate. — This can-
not readily be confounded with any other American species (at least on
this side of the Rocky Mountains) except, perhaps, with R. cinnamomea.
From that species it is distinguished by the smaller bracts, shorter sepals
as compared with the petals, and in having no stipular prickles ; the more
persistent ones moreover being always straight. It is often almost entirely
unarmed. It is the earliest-flowering indigenous species in the Northern
States.

7. R. fraxinifolia (Bork.) : stems armed with scattered bristly prickles, or
at length unarmed ; the branches strict, naked, somewliat glaucous ; leaflets
5-7, oval, not shining, sharply and rather coarsely serrate, slightly hairy
beneath, or glabrous ; stipules dilated, sometimes serrulate and glandular;
flowers corymbose, on short glabrous jieduncles ; segments of the calyx a
little glandular, appendiculate, entire ; the tube glabrous and a little glau-
cous ; fruit (large, red) ovoid, crowned with the persistent calyx-segments. —
" Bork. holz. 301" ; Seringe, I. c. (excl. a. blanda) ; Bot. reg. t. 458 ; Hook. !
fl.. Bor.-Am. l.p. 199. R. megacarpa, ISuit. mss.

Oregon, near the sea, Menzies ! Dr. Scouler ! Nuttall. — This is doubtless
distinct irom R. blanda, and is, we suspect, confined to the Pacific coast.
The petioles in the younger shoots are sometimes a little prickly, and the
teeth of the leaflets serrulate. — To this species apjtarently belongs the Rosa
blanda? Hook. &^' Am. hot. Beechey, suj^j^l. p. 338, from California; but
the R. Californica indicated by Chamisso & Schlechtendal is probably
different.

8. R. fVoodsii (Lindl.) : armed with numerous straight and weak prick-
les ; leaflets 7-9, oblong, obtuse, approximate, glabrous, shining ; tlie petioles
often leafless at the base ; stipules connivent, distant from the lower pair of
leaflets, glandulose-fimbriate on the margin ; sepals short, naked, ovate ?
Seringe, l. c. — Lindl. Ros. p. 21, Sj' bot. reg. t. 976.

On the Missouri River. Sepals connivent. Allied to R. cinnamomea.
Lindl. — We have no authentic specimens of this species. The so-called
variety of Mr. Borrer, with opaque leaves quite downy beneath, we refer to
R. blanda.

' 9. R. foliolosa (Nutt. ! mss.) : branches slender, glabrous, armed with
very weak scattered deciduous bristly prickles, and sometimes with persis-
tent short and_ nearly straight stipular prickles; leaflets 7-11, linear-oblong,
glabrous, shining above, sharply serrate, crowded, the lower pair close to tlie
narrow glandular-ciliate stipules ; the petiole and midrib often setose and
pubescent ; flowers mostly solitary and almost sessile ; calyx glandular-
hispid ; the segments reflexed, often with lateral appendages ; "fruit sub-
globose, somewhat hispid.

Prairies of Arkansas, Nuttall ! Dr. Pitcher ! Dr. Leavenworth ! Texas,
Vrnmmond ! East Florida ? — A remarkable species, with the leaves much

Rosa. ROSACEiE. 461

crowded on tlie flowering branches and often fascicled : leaflets somotiiiit-s
only luilf an inch in length. Flowers small, apparently rose-color; the ))c-
d uncles i-i an inch in length.

■J 10. R. gynmocarpa (Nutt. ! mss.) : " branches glabrous, furnished wiih
scattered slender and straight weak deciduous jjrickles ; leaflets 5-9, glabrous,
rather distant, oval, sharply doubly serrate ; the serratures, as well as the
l)eti()les antl peduncles, glandular ; stipules broad and short, glandular-ser-
rulate ; flowers (very small) solitiyy or sometimes in pairs ; segments of the
calyx ovale, witli a simple acumination, deciduous; the tube glabrous; fruit
oval (red), smc^jth and naked."

Oregon, in sliady woods, common, Nultall ! Douglas ! — This species
belongs to the X)ti if- 7iwe section. The flowers are remarkably small, red ;
and the fruit about the size of a small pea. The slender petioles are often
slightly bristly.

11. R. stricta (Lindl.) : much branched ; stems armed with numerous
setaceous scattered, often deciduous prickles ; flowering branches mostly
naked ; leaflets 7-9, oval, firm, glabrous, not shining, the petiole glandular-
hispid ; sti])ulcs lanceolate, mostly glandular-ciliate ; flowers 1-3, on gla-
brous or glandidar-hispid peduncles ; calyx-segments spreading ; fruit ovoid,
pendulous. — Lindl.! Ron. p. 42, t. 7 ; Scringe, in DC. I. c. R. pendulina,
Ait. ?

/?. lower surface of tlie leaves pubescent. Hoolc. Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. j). 200.

On the Saskatchawan (/?.), Drummond. — This species is perhaps too closely
allied to R. alpina. We are confident that it has never been found within
the limits of tlie United States. For this species Lindley rpiotes Muhlen-
berg's Catalogue : but Muhlenberg seems not to know the ])lant (giving no
locality or observation), and refers to Donn for the name. The species was
established on garden specimens, which may or may not have been of
American origin. It is uncertain whether the plant figured by Dillenius
{Elth. t. 24.5, /. 317) belongs to R. alpina or the present species. On it R.
pendula of Linna;us (wlio states it to be a native of Europe), is founded,
and doubtless R. pendulina, Ait., which Seringe considers a variety of R.
alpina.

t Naturalized Sj)ecies.

12. 7?. ruhiginosa (Linn.) : branches (yellowish-green) armed with scat-
tered very strong somewhat recurved prickles ; leaflets 5-7, roundish-oval
or obovate, sharply serrate, the margins, with the lower surface and stipules,
more or less clothed with ferruginous glands; flowers mostlj^ solitary, on short
bristly-hispid peduncles; fruit ovoid or obovate (reddish-orange when ma-
ture), somewhat hispid or unarmed when young. — Linn.! manf. j^;. 564 ;
Jacq. fl. Austr. t. 50 ; Willd. ! spec. 2. p. 1073 ; Engl. hot. t. 991 ; DC. !
I. c. R. suaveolens, Pursh, Jl. 1. j^- 346.

In waste places, road sides, and cultivated grounds throughout the United
States ; perfectly naturalized in many places. June-July. — Leaves some-
what viscid, and very fragrant. Calyx-scgmcnts either laciniate or entire.
Petals pale red, turamg white, emarginate. — The R. suaveolens is only a
variety of this species with nearly straight and more slender prickles. —
Eglantine. Sweet Brier.

13. R. lesvigata (Michx.) : very glabrous; branches armed -vvith very strong
often geminate curved prickles ; leaves 3- (sometimes 5- ) foliolate ; leaflets
coriaceous, shining, sharply serrate ; stipules setaceous, deciduous ; flowers
solitary, terminal; tube of the calyx ovoid, muricate with long prickly
bristles.— M?c/?.r. / Jl. 1. p. 295; Ell. sk. 1. p. 566. R. Sinica, Ait. Kew.

462 ROSACEtE. Rosa.

{ccl. 2.) 3. 1). 2G1 ,- Bot. mas;, t. 2487 ; Lindl. ! Ros. p. 127, t. 6, Sf- hot. reg.
t. 1922; not of Linn. R. nivea, DC! hort. Monsp., Sfprodr. 2. p. 598.
R. hystrix, Lindl. Ros. t. 17 ; DC. I. c. R. Cherokeensis, Donn, cat. R.
temata, Poir. ex DC. R. Irifoliata, Bosc.

S. Carolina ! to Louisiana ! cultivated in gardens and extensively
naturalized. April. — Stem with long flexible branches, capable of being
trained to a great length. Flowers very large, white. — This evergreen
species has been cultivated for many years in the Southern States, under
the name of Cherokee Rose. It is doubtless of Chinese origin ; but as it is
not the R. Sinica of Linnaeus, we continue to use the name of Michaux,
which is several years older than the second edition of the Hortus Kewensis.
According to Elliott it is well adapted for hedges. It is certainly too tender
to endure the winter of the Northern States ; hence the plant from Lake
Huron referred to tliis species by Mr. Borrer, in Hooker's Flora, must be
very different.

14. R. bracteata (Wendl.) : branches erect, tomentose, amied wiih strong
recurved often geminate prickles ; leaflets 5-9, obovate, slightly serrate, cori-
aceous, shining, glabrous ; stipules nearly free, setaceous, fimbriate ; flowers
solitary, terminal, on short peduncles ; bracts large, surrounding the base of
the calyx ; peduncles and calyx densely tomentose ; fruit globose, large,
orange-red. Seringe. — " Wendl. obs. hort. Herrenhaus. p. 7, t. 22 ;" Re-
dout. Ros. 1. i. 35 ; Seringe, in DC. prodr. 2. p. 602.

Naturalized in hedges near New Orleans, Dr. Riddell ! — Flowers large,
white. This species is also of Chinese origin.

% Doubtful Species.

15. R. lutescens (Pursh) : fruit globose and, with the peduncles, glabrous;
branchlets hispid-prickly ; leaflets 7, oval, serrate with acuminate teeth, gla-
brous ; petioles unarmed ; flowers solitary ; segments of the calyx lanceolate,
cuspidate ; petals oval, very obtuse. Pursh, Ji. 2. p. 736 ; Lindl. Ros. p. 47,
t.9.

Described by Pursh from a garden specimen said to come from Carolina.
Flowers white with a faint tint of yellow. Pursh. Fruit black, crowned with
the connivent sepals ; peduncle thickened at the apex. Lindl. — Probably
not American.

R. Californica (Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnaa, 2. p. 35.) — Under this name a
supposed new species is indicated but not characterized, the specimen being in-
sufficient. The branches are said to be glabrous, with slightly recurved stipular
prickles, otherwise unarmed : the leaflets 5-7, ovate, obtuse, sharply serrate, to.
mentose beneath, pubescent above, not glandular, the terminal one largest, about
9 lines in length : the flowers somewhat corymbose, about the size of those of R.
pimpinellifolia : the peduncles furnished with spreading hairs : the calyx-tube
ovoid, glabrous ; the segments ovate, with a long dilated spatulate acumination,
&c. St. Francisco, California.

The following North American species of Rosa are proposed by Rafinesque in
his monograph (published in Ann. sci. phys. Par., and afterwards in a separate
form), viz : R. Kentuckensis, trifoliolata, elegans, globosa, cursor, ohovata,
nivea (R. Rafinesquii, Seringe), pusilla, enneaphylla, Jiezuosa, acuminata, pra.
tensis, riparia, and dasistema.

SUBOKDER IV. POME^. JUSS.

Calyx campanulate or urceolate, more or less globose in fruit,
when it becomes extremely thick and juicy, including and cohering

Crat^gus. ROSACEjE. 463

with the ovaries. Ovaries 2-5, or sometimes solitary, mostly coherent
with each other, with 2 collateral ascending ovules : styles tcn-rninal,
sometimes colierent : stigma simple or emarginate. Fruit a porno, 1-
S-celled ; the cells sometimes spuriously divided by the inflexion of
the dorsal suture. Seeds 1-2 in each carpel (many in Cydonia).
— Trees or shrubs (confined to temperate climates), with simple or
sometimes pinnate leaves, which, except in Cotoneaster, do not con-
tain hydrocyanic acid. Fruit usually eatable.

2G. CRATiEGUS. Linn. (excl. spec.) ; Lindl. in Lin. Irans. 13. ;;. 105.

Calyx-tube urceolate; the limb 5-cleft. Petals 5, orbicular, spreading.
Stamens numerous. Styles 1-5, glabrous, or hairy at the base. Pome
fleshy or baccate, crowned with the teeth of the calyx, containing 1-5 bony
1 -seeded carpels ; the summit contracted or closed by the disk. — Thorny
slirubs or small trees, with sinij)le often incised or lobed leaves. Flowers in
tenninal corymbs, or rarely solitary, usually white. Bracts linear or subu-
late, deciduous. Fruit often eatable. — Thorn-tree.

The fruit is sometimes more or less concave and open at the summit, as in Mes-
pilus Germanica, which perhaps is not gencrically distinct. — The leaves are subject
to considerable variation in aliiiost every species; and those of the young and
vigorous shoots are longer, mor.' incised or lobed, and often quite different in form
and appearance from those of the flowering branches: the stipules in the former
are much larger and foliaccous, and perhaps always glandular ; hut no depend-
ence can be placed on them for specific characters. The same may bo said of the
glands on the margin of the leaves and calyx. segments ; they may be observed in
all our species (except C. cordata, and even on the stipules of that plant) and they
are not uniformly present in any. The styles vary from 1 to 3, and from 3-5, in
many species ; and the fruit which would be globose when 5 carpels ripen, is
sometimes ovoid when 2 or 3 of the carpels are suppressed. Good characters
may, however, be derived from the fruit, as also from the calj'x, the inflorescence,
and, to a certain extent, from the leaves. Notwithstanding these difiiculties, we
consider the North American species as mostly well characterized. The uncer-
tainty which has prevailed concerning them, is to bo attributed in no small degree
to the confusion in the synonomy ; and this we have fortunately had the moans of
rectifying to a considerable extent.

* Corymbs many-flowered.

■■^- 1. C. Oxyacanth a {hirm.) : leaves obovate, 3-5-lobed, incised and serrate,
' cuneiform at the base, shining, and, with the branchlets and peduncles, gla-
brous ; segments of the calyx ovate, acute or acuminate, not glandular ;
styles 1-3; fruit (deep red or purple) ovoid, small. — Linn. I spec. 1. p. 477;
F'l. Dan. t. 334; Engl. hot. t. 2054 ; Schk. handb. t. 132; Darlingt.fl.
Cest.p. 294.

Road-sides, fence-rows, &c., introduced from Europe and sparingly natu-
ralized. It also exists in Newfoundland, but was probably introduced.
— Haivthorn. English Thorn.

-^ 2. C. Crus-galli (Linn.) : leaves obovate-cuneiform, shining, coriaceous,
glabrous, nearly sessile, serrate, entire near the base ; si)ines very long ; pe-
duncles and pedicels glabrous or nearly so ; styles 1-3 ; fruit (red) somewhat
pyrifonn. — Linn.! spec. I. p. 47G ; Ait. ! Keic. {ed. 1.) 2. p. 170 ; Willd. !
spec. 2. p. 1004 ; Michx. ! ft. 1. j}- 288 ; Pursh,fl. l.p. 338 ; Ell. sk. l.p.

464 ROSACEA. - Crataegus.

548 ; Torr. ! Jl. 1. j?. 476 ; Wals. dendrol. t. 56 ; Scringe ! in DC. ! prodr.
2. p. 626 ,- Hook. ! Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 200 ; Darlingt. fl. Ccst. p. 290 ;
Loudon, arh. Brit. 3. p. 820. C. lucida, Wang..Amer. t. 17, /. 42 ; Mill.!
diet. Mespilus lucida, Ehrh. heitr. 4. p. 17. M. Crus-galli, Lam. diet. 4.
2^. 441 ; Willd.! cnum. 1. p. 523. M. cuneifonnis, Marsh, arhust. p. 88.'

0. pyracanthifolia (Ait.!): leaves cuneiform-oblanceolate. — C. Crus-
galli y. salicifolia, Ait. ! I. c.

y. oval) folia (Loudon) : leaves broadly oval, slightly cuneiform at the
l)ase, often with a more distinct petiole. — Loudon, arb. Brit. t. 31 ; Lindl. !
bat. reg. t. 1860. C. ovalifolia, Hornem. hort. Hafn. ; Seringe, I. c.

i. linearis (Seringe) : leaves linear-oblong ; spines rather short ; cory'inbs
minutely pubescent ; segments of the calyx mostly glandular. — C. linearis,
Pers. syn. 2. p. 37. Mespilus linearis, Desf. arh. 2. p. 156 ; Poir. ! I. c. p.
70 (ex spec. hort. Par.); Sjyach ! suite Buff. M. nana, '■'■ Dum.-Caurs.
suppil. JJ. 386" ?

£. prunifolia : leaves oblong or oval, with rather distinct petioles ; corymbs
minutely pubescent; segments of the calyx often glandular. — C. prunifolia,
Bosc. ! in DC. ! I. c. ; Lindl. ! bot. reg. t. 1868. Mespilus prunifolia,
Poir. ! I. c. ; Spach ! I. c. M. Boscii, Spaeh, I. c. ? M. cuneifolia, Ehrh.

I. c. ? (v. sp. in herb. Berol.)

Thickets &;c. Canada! to Florida! west to Indiana! and Missouri!
May-June. — Stem 10-20 feet liigh. Spines often 2-3 inches long, sharp
and rather slender. Leaves usually obtuse, paler and dull beneath. Seg-
ments of the calyx linear-lanceolate, rather shorter than the petals, occasion-
ally glandular-sen^ate, as are nearly all the species. — The varieties 6. & r.
which we only know from cultivated specimens, are somewhat peculiar ; but
we have apparently intermediate indigenous forms. — CocTc-spur TJiorn.

3. C. rivularis (Nutt. I mss.) : " arborescent, nearly glabrous ; leaves
ovate or obovate, obtuse or sometimes acute, simply or somewhat incisely
serrate, attenuate into a short petiole ; spines long ; corymb many-flowered,
glabrous ; flowers small ; segments of the calyx obtuse and very short, not
glandular ; fruit black."

Oregon, along rivulets in the Rocky Mountains, Nuttall ! Interior of Ore-
gon, Douglas ! — We have good specimens of this apparently very distinct
species from Douglas's collection. The leaves are, as Mr. Nuttall remarks,
" about as entire as those of the Apple," to which they bear some resem-
blance, serrate with short and broad teeth, sometimes a little incised toward
the apex, mostly obtuse, shining and minutely pubescent on the upper sur-
face. The young branches are reddish-brown. We have only seen the
very young fruit.

4. C. sanguinea (Pallas) : leaves broadly obovate, somewhat cuneate at
the base, incised and serrate, often slightly 5-7-lobed, a little pubescent when
young, on short petioles, at length coriaceous and shining ; corymbs glabrous
or somewhat pubescent ; segments of the calyx entire, and, as also tlie pedi-
cels, not glandular; styles 3-4; fruit globose. — Pall. Jl. Ross. 1. j^- 25, t.

II, ex Willd. Mespilus purpurea, Poir. ex Spach J

13. Douglasii : spines short and stout (sometimes long in cultivation, ex
Loud.) ; fruit small, dark purple, juicy and sweet. — C. punctata /?. brevi-
spina. Dough in Hook. Jl. 1. p. 201. C. glandulosa (3. brevispina, Nutt. !
mss. C. glandulosa, Pursh, I. c. as to the Rocky Mountain plant? C.
Douglasii, Lindl. ! bot. reg. t. 1810 ; Loudon, arb. Brit. 3. p. 823.

Banks of streams (/?.) Oregon, Douglas ! Nuttall ! — A small tree, with
reddish branchlets. — The Oregon plant agrees well with our specimen of
C. sanguinea, Pall, from Altaic Siberia, from which we have dra\\Ti the
character here given. Not having access to the work of Pallas, we know

Cratjecus. ROSACE/E. 4G5

not the color of the fruit. It sccnis sutTirienily disiiiict from C. corcinea ; in
our specimens of the American phini, the calyx-sefnr>f''it'^ fire free from
glands, and this is also remarked by Nutlall. Dr. Lindley, however, de-
scribes it otherwise ; an4 there is scarcely a species in which these glands do
not sometimes appear. We find 3-4 styles, while Mr. Nuttall states it to be
I)entag}'noiis. The spines, it seems, do not aBurd a constant character in
this, or indeed in any other species.

.5. C. cocclnea (Linn.) : leaves roundish-ovate (membranaceous) acutely
incised or angulale- (5-9-) lobed, sliarply serrate, truncate or often acute
(those of the steril(^ branches mostly cordate) at the base, on slender petioles,
at length nearly glabrous; spines stout; corymbs and calyx pubescent or
glabrous; styles 5 (often 3 or 4) ; fruit laraje (bright red) globose. — Linn..'
horl. Cliff', iysjjec. I. c. ; Ait. ! I. c. ; Willd. ! I. c. (excl. syn.) ; Michx. ! fl.
1. p. 288 ; Eil. sk. 1. p. bb^i : Torr.! fl. \. p. 474 ; Seringe ! in DC. I. c. ;
Hook. .' fl. Bor.-Am. \.p. 201 ; Loudon, arb. Brit. I. c. ; Lindl. ! hot. reg.
t. 1957. C. glandulosa, Willd. ! I. c. (excl. syn.) ; DC. I. c. ; Hook. ! I. c. ;
Loudon, I. c. ; Lindl. ! I. c. {(i. macracantlia) 1. 1912, not oi Ait. C. Crus-
galli, Bigel. ! fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 194. C. flabellata, Bosc. ! (ex spec.
hort. Par.)

p. viridis : glabrous ; leaves smaller and less incised, acute at the base ;
fruit of 3 carpels and then oval or pyriform, or of 5 carpels and globose. — C.
viridis, Linn.! spec. I. c. ; Ell. I. c. ?

y. populifolia : glabrous ; leaves smaller, on very slender petioles, deltoid-
ovate, niostly cordate at the base ; corymbs small ; fruit globose, of 5 car-
pels.— C. populifolia. Ell. ! I. c, not of Walt.

^. oligandra : nearly glabrous ; cor^nnbs few-flowered ; stamens 5 ;
styles 2-4.

f. ? mollis : leaves large, incised and very acutely serrate, more scabrous
above, the lower surface, branchlets, peduncles, and calyx canescently to-
mentose when young; fruit large, globose, pubescent when young, of 5 car-
pels.— C. subvillosa, Schrad. hort. Goett. (v. sp. hort. Par.)

Borders of thickets and streams, Canada! to Florida! and Louisiana!
6. New Albany, Indiana, Dr. Clapp ! (shrub G-9 feet high.) e. Oiiio, Mr.
Lea! Indiana, Dr. Clapp! Kentucky, Dr. Shart ! Texas, Drummond!
May. — Shrub or small tree 10-25 feet high ; the thorns often short and a
little curved, sometimes very long and large. Leaves usually cut into 3-4
small acute or acuminate serrated angulate lobes on each side. Segments
of the calyx lanceolate, denticulate, and mostly, but not always, glandular;
as also are the bracts, and occasionally the ])etioles. Fruit from one-third to
half an inch in diameter, red or reddish-purple when fully ripe, eatable. —
We have distinguished only the more marked varieties, as thej^ occur in a
wild state; but several others are knowni in nurseries, &:c. In an extensive
suite of specimens, every intermediate form may be obsers'ed. Our var.
mollis (of which C. subvillosa of the gardens seems to be a cultivated and
less tomentose state) is the most peculiar, and may perhaps rank as a spe-
cies ; but it differs only in the much more copious pubescence. The leaves
of the growing shoots are as large as in C. tomentosa, very broad, and
mostly cordate, and the pubescence is nearly permanent on the veins of the
lower surface. — White Thorn.

6. C. tomentosa (Linn.) : leaves ovate-elliptical or oval, abruptly nar-
rowed at the base into a short margined petiole, somewhat plicate or fur-
rowed above from the impressed veins, mostly acute, doubly serrate, mostly
incisely toothed towards the apex, somewhat glabrous above, the lower
surface especiciUy the veins softly pubescent-tomentose when young ; spines
rather large ; corymbs large ; the peduncles and calyx villous-tomentose ;

59

466 ROSACEiE. Crat.egus.

segments of the calyx linear-lanceolate *, styles mostly 3 ; fruit (orange-red)
pyriform. — Linn. ! sjjec. 1. p. 476 (excl. syn. Gronov.) ; Ihiroi, harbk. 1.
p. 183. C. pyrifolia, Ait.! Kew. {ed. 1.) 2. p. 168; Willd. I. c. ; Pursh,
fl. 1. p. 337 ; Seriv,i(c, in DC. I. c. ; Loudon, nrh. Brit. t. 31 (/?.) ; Lindl.!
hot. reg. t. 1877. C. leucophajos, Mcsnch, hart. Weiss, t. 2, ex Ait. C.
latifolia, Pers. syn. 1. p. 36. C. lobata, Bvsc! in DC. I. c. C. flava,
Hook. fl. Bar.- Am. 1. p. 202? (excl. syn.); Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 292.
Mespilus Cal])odendron, Ehrli. heitr. 2. j'- G7. M. latifolia, Poir. diet, (ex
spec. hart. Par.) ; Spacli ! I. c. M. cornifolia, Poir. I. c. ? Mespilus pyri-
folia, Willd.! enum. l.p. 523.

P. leaves strongly furrowed, nearly glabrous, smaller.

Swampy thickets &c. Canada ! and New England States ! to Indiana !
Kentucky ! and S. Carolina towards the mountains. 0. Bellows Falls,
Vermont, and near Auburn, New York, Mr. .John Carey ! Maj—June. —
Shrub 10-20 feet high, with large fragrant (lowers. Leaves mostly' large,
3-5 inches in length and 1-3 in breadth, (the petiole margined rpiite to the
base), seldom fascicled, falling early in autumn, the upper surface pubescent
with very short appressed hairs, glabrous when old ; clothed beneath with a
short velvety tomentum, which is mostly persistent and often somewhat
rusty on the veins. Corymb large, leafy. Segments of the calyx as long
as the ovary, pectinately serrate and glandular. Fniit obovoid or globose-
pyriform, rather large, eatable but rather insipid. — We have restored the
Linnfean name to this species, which- is by no means inapplicable to the
more common forms. It was wrongly referred (o C. parvifolia by Willdenow,
and appears to have been overlooked by succeeding authors. It was des-
cribed from the specimen in his own herbarium ; but the synonym of Gro-
novius belongs to Amelanchier Canadensis. Our more glabrous and smaller-
leaved forms approach C. punctata, but certainly belong to the present
species. The figure in the Botanical Register well represents the ordinary
form.

7. C. punctata (Jacq.) : leaA'es obovate-cuneiform, decurrent into a slender
petiole, entire near the base, doubly serrate and often somewhat incised
towards the apex, somewhat plicate from the strongly marked straight veins,
pubescent with appressed hairs when young, especially on the veins beneath ;
spines stout, often wanting; corymbs and calyx villous-pubescent when
young ; styles 3 (often 1-2) ; fruit (dull red or j^ellowish) dotted, globose. —
Jacq. ! hort. Vindoh. l.p.lQ.t. 28 ; Ait. ! Keu: (cd. 1.) 2. p. 169 ; IVilld. (?)
I. c. ; Michx. ! fl.l. p. 289 ; Torr. ! fl.l. p. 476 ; Seringe, I. c? C. Crus-
galli, Wang. Amer. ex Willd. C. latifolia, Seringe! in DC. I.e., not of
Poir. Mespilus punctata, Spach ! I. c. M. cuneifolia, Ehrh. heitr. 3. p.
21. (ex descr.)

Borders of woods, Canada ! and throughout the United States! ver^'^ com-
mon in the northern portions. May. — Tree 12-25 feet high (the trunk some-
times 6-8 inches in diameter near the base), with numerous rugged spread-
ing ash-colored branches. Leaves light green, membranaceous, but rather
thick and firm, 2-3 inches in length, but often much smaller and fascicled ;
the veins passing straight from the midrib to the margin, imjjressed above,
prominent beneath and usually hairy even when old. Fruit large (half an
inch or more in diameter) umbilicate, eatable and rather pleasant, but tough.
— Not easily confounded with any other species, except, perhaps, with some
small-leaved states of C. tomentosa. — Thorn.

8. C. arhoresccns (Ell.) : unarmed ; leaves lanceolate, acute at each end,
deeply serrate, glabrous on the upper surface, hairy underneath at the divi-
sion of the veins, sometimes slightly lobed towards the summit ; corymbs

CRAT.EGUS. ROSACEyE. 467

many-flowered ; ralyx Iiairy, tlie segments subiilulc, entire ; flowers j)cii-
tagyiious. Ell. sk. 1. p. 5o0.

Near Fort Argylc on the Ogeechee River ((Jcorgia), Ellioll. New Or-
leans, Drummond ! Rio Brazos, Texas, Berlinirlkr ! Mar( h-April. — Tlicrc
seems to be no .speciimn of Elliott's |>lant in Iiis lierbarinin. lie clesfribcs
it as a small tree, '20— 30 leet hii:li, wilii leaves resemblini;: those of C. |)yri-
folia (('. tomentosa, Linn.) but smaller, less disiiiietly ])laite(l, and glabrous.
To this species we refer, with some (•onhdence, the Crataegus marked no. lO.'J
in Drummond's New Orleans eoUeetion (named " C. punctata, in fl. l()liis
angustioribus," in Hooker and Arnott's account of lliese plants) ; and we
have the same species from Texas. The s})eciinen.s are unarmed, and have
the same asli-eolored biirk with C. punctata; but the leaves are smaller and
narrower, not cunei(i>rm, ghabrous, not at all plaited or furrowed; the flowers
also much smaller, in fewer-flowered eorynd)s, on filiforni less hairy pedicels.
It appears to be a very distinct species. " No. 103 bis, in fruit," of the
same collection, is perhaps the same j)lant : the fruit is quite snudl (about
one-fourth of an inch in diameter), globose or a little depressed, and ajj-
parently red.

9. C. apufol'ia (Miclix.) : leaves deltoid, somewhat cordate, pubescent, on
long and Hliform ])ctioles, deeply and pinnately 5-7-cleft or parted, the seg-
ments incisely lobed and serrate ; spines stout ; cor^■mbs villous-])ubescent,
somewhat simple, rather few-flowered; segments of the calyx lanceolate;

styles 2-3 ; fruit small (scarlet).— M/f/i.r. .' fi. 1. ;?. 287 ; Pursh .' Jl.

1. p. 336; Nutt. ! gen. 1. ^?. 305 ; Ell. I. c. ; Seringe! in DC. I. c. ; Lou-
don, arh. Brit. I. c. C. Oxyacantha, Walt. ! Car. p. 147.

AVoods and banks of streams, Virginia ! to Florida ! and Louisiana !
March-A])ril. — Shnib 4-12 ft'et high, much branclied, and well adapted for
hedges. Leaves fascicled, on very long petioles. Flowers small. Segments
of the calj'x usually glandular-serrate.

10. C. cordata (Ait.) : glabrous, destitute of glands; leaves mostly deltoid-
ovate and subcordate, on long and slender j)etioles, acuminate, incised and
serrate, mostly 3-lobed near the base ; spines slender; segments of the calyx
very short, glandless ; styles 5; fruit very small, depressed-globose (bright
reddish-purple).— yli7. .' Kew. (ed. 1.) 2. JJ- 168 ; Willd. ! spec. 2. ;;. 1000 ;
Pers. sijn. 2. p. 36 ; Ell. I. c. ; Seringe! in DC. I. c. ; Lindl.! hot. reg. t.
1151. "C. poi)ulifolia. Wall. Car. p. 149 ,• Pursh, fi. I. p. 337 ; not of Ell.
Mespilus cori\n\n, Mill. ! dict.ic. t. 179; Willd.! enum. 1. p. 523. M.
acerifolia, " Burgsdorf' ; Lam. diet. 4. jJ- 442. M. corallina, Poir. (v. s]).
horf. Par.) M. Pha-nopyrum, Ehrh. I. c. 2. p. 67.

Banks of rivers &c. Virginia ! to Georgia ! near the mountains. June. —
Stem 15-20 feet high, armefl witli long very slender and sharp s])iues.
Leaves 1 to 2 or more inches in length, opaipic, very glabrous excejit th(>
veins above, which are minutely pubescent, often deeply and equally 3-lobed
like Acer rubrum, somethncs with a sliglitly rhombic outline and a little
tapering at the base : a few glands are occasionally observed on the leaves
of the vigorous branches. Lobes of the calvx pubescent witliin, very broad,
deciduous. Fruits numerous, scarcely larger than the common currant ; the
carpels naked at the summit. — According to Dr. Darlington {fi. Ccst. p.
293) this species was introduced into Chester Countj'-, Pennsylvania, from
the neighliorhood of Washington City, and is much employed for hedges,
under the name of Washington Thorn.

' 11. C. spathulata (Michx.) : glabrous, desthute of glands ; leaves rather
coriaceous and shining, cuneiform or oblong-spatulate, crenate ; the low-er
ones fascicled, very small, spatulatc, much attenuate at the base, nearly
sessile, sometimes 3-lobed at tJhe summit ; those of tlie young sterile branches

468 ROSACEA. Crataegus.

scattered, often much larger, roundish, variously lobed or incised, atten-
uate into a more or less margined petiole ; segments of the calyx triangular-
ovate, very short, glandless; styles 5; fruit very small (bright red) ovoid-
globose.— Mjr/;x. / j^. 1. -p. 288 ,• Pcrs. I. c; Ell. sk. 1. p. 55-2 ; Loudon,
arb. Brit. t. 31 ; Hook. Sf Am. ! conqmn. to hot. mag. 1. p. 25. (excl. remark
concerning the fruit) ; not of Pursh, Seringe, or Lindl. C. microcarpa,
Lindl..' hot. reg. t. 1846.* Mcspihis spathulata, hort. Par. ! Spach ! I. c.

Virginia! to Georgia I Florida! Louisiana! Arkansas! and Texas! not
uncommon. May— Jime. — Shrub, or small tree, 12—15 feet high; the leaves
of the flowering branches fascicled on short lateral spurs, all greatly inclined
to vary in form ; those of the sterile and vigorous branches sometimes 2
inches in length and breadth, 3-cleft or undivided. Spines few and short.
Flowers small and pumerous, in nearly simple glabrous corymbs. Fruit
smaller than in C. cordata; the carpels thin and scarcely bony.

* * Corymbs simple, few. (l-G.) foioered.

12. C. eestivalis : flowers ajipearing rather before the leaves ; spines few^
or none ; leaves elliptical or oblong-cuneiform (those of the sterile branches
often obovate), slightly petioled, somewhat sinuate-toothed or angled towards
the summit, or irregularly crenate, rarely 3-lobed or incised, tomentose when
young, at length glabrous above, clothed especially along the veins beneath
with a rusty pubescence ; corymbs 3-5-flowered, glabrous ; flowers rather
large; segments of the calyx short, triangular, glabrous, glandless; styles
4-5 ; fruit (red) very large, globose. — Walt. Car. p. 148 (under Mespilus.) ;
Ell. I. c. (under C. elliptica.) C. opaca. Hook. Sf Am..' compan. to hot.
mag. 1. p>. 25. C. nudiflora, Nutt. ! mss.

p. leaves at length glabrous, except the midrib beneath, shining above. —
C. lucida. Ell. I. c. ? not of Wang.

Along the low wet banks of ponds and rivers, S. Carolina ! and Georgia!
to Florida! Louisiana! and Arkansas! Feb.-March. — Stems branching
from the base, often 20-30 feet high. Leaves 2-3 inches in length when
mature ; the margin sometimes a little sinuate or angled and scarcely ser-
rate, sometimes irregularly crenate, occasionally a little glandular. The
fruit ripens in April and May or June : it is half an inch or three-fourths of
an inch in diameter, ijuite juicy, of an agreeable acid taste, and is much
esteemed for making tarts, jellies, &c. — May Haw. Apple-Hatv.

i 13. C. flava (Ait.): leaves obovate-cuneiform or somewhat rhomboid,
acute at the base, attenuate into a glandular petiole, serrate, mostly incised
or slightly lobed towards the apex, glabrous ; spines straight or arcuate ;
corymbs 1-4-flowered ; pedicels and caljTC glabrous ; flowers large ; styles
4-5 ; fi-uit large (greenish-yellow), turbinate or pyriform. — Ait. ! Ketc. {ed.
1.) 2. p. 169; Pursh! fl. 1. p. 338; Seringe, I. c. ; Loudon, arb. Brit. 3. p.
823, t. 31 (L) ; Lindl. ! hot. reg. t. 1939 ; not of Ell. nor Hook. 1 C. flava,
/?. lobata, Lindl. .' hot. reg. t. 1932. C . lobata, Loudon, I. c, not of Bosc ?
C. glandulosa, Ait. ! I. c., not of Mcznch, Willd. nor Michx. C. Carolini-

* Pursh, who altogether mistook Michaux's plant, added to tho character of
C. spathulata the phrase '■'■ corymbis paucifloris, pedicellis brevibus, calycibus to-
nientosis" ; which is copied in De Candolle's Prodromus. Dr. Lindley's criticisms
on some manuscript observations of one of the authors of this work respecting
the species in question (in the Botanical Register, fol. 1957) proceed on the
supposition that this interpolated phrase forms part of the specific character given
by Michaux.

CuATJEGUs. ROSACEjE. 4fi9

ana, Pers. I. c. C. turbinata, Pursh, I. c. 2. j'- 7~5- MespUus flexispina,
Ma-nch, hort. Weiss, t. 4, ox Ail. M. Caroliniana, Poir. I. c.

In sandy shady places, Virginia to Florida ! May. — Tree 15-20 ^{>ot
high. Leaves 2-3 inches long; the margins, <is well as of the slij)ules,
bracts, calyx-segments, &c. often marked with roimd dark ghmds, ;i.s in
numerous other sjiecics. Flowers as large as those of C. coccinea, or even
larger. Fruit yellow or greenish-jellow, sr;iiify, not well-flavored. — Well
distinguished by the fonn nnd color of the fruit, and the few (large) flowers.
The C. flava and C. glandulosa of Alton (fide spec, in herb. Bunks) fliller
only in the thorns, which are large and stout in the latter, and slender in the
former species. The leaves, petioles, calyx, &c. of this and the following
are comnionly more glandular than in the other species.

14. C. elliptica (Ait.) : leaves oval-obovate or roundish, cuneate at the
base, or abruptly narrowed into a margined glandular petiole (coriaceous),
shining above, finely serrate, incisely toothed and often slightly lobed towards
the apex, pubescent when young ; spines long and slender ; corj-mbs 3-6-
flowered, and, with the calj'x and young brjuiches, tomentose-pubescent ;
flowers small ; pedicels short ; segments of the calyx incised or serrate ;
styles 5; fruit subglobose, rather large (red). — Ait.! Kew. {eJ. 1) 2. p.
168 ; Seringc, I. c? not of Ell. C. glandulosa, Michx. ! fl. 1. p. 288, not
of Ait. or Willd. C. Michauxii, Pers. si)n. 2. p. 38. C. viridis, Walt, ex
Ell.: also " Summer Haw," Ell.! I. c. under C. flava.

0. minor: leaves (smaller) broadly obovate or roundish; fruit green
(always ?). — C. Virginica, Locldiges ; Loudon, arh. Brit. 3. p. 482, t. 560.
C. spathulata, Pursh, I. c. ; Scringe, I. c. (ex char.) ; Lindl. hot. reg. t.
1890, not of Michx. ! C. parvifolia, Willd. herb. ! fol. 2.

Virginia and N. Carolina! to Georgia! and Florida ! April. — Resembles
C. flava in many respects, but distinguished by the characters given above :
the smaller-leaved forms bear more resemblance to C. parvifolia. In the
wild state the fruit is said to be red, oval or globular, and well-flavored ; but
the C. Virginica bears a green pome in the English gardens, perhaps from
the want of sufficient heat and light. The name imposed l)y Alton is re-
tained on account of its priority ; but it is not well chosen.

. / 15. C. parvifolia (Ait.) : leaves spatulate-obovate or oblong-cuneiform
(coriaceous), nearly sessile, crenatcly serrate and rarely somewhat incised
towards the apex, pubescent, the upper surface at lengtla shining and nearly
glabrous ; spines slender ; flowers mostly solitary' ; the short pedicels, calyx,
and branclilets, hirsute-tomentose ; segments of the calyx lanceolate, incised,
foliaceous, as long as the petals; styles 5 ; fruit roundish-pyriform (jjale
ereenish-yellow) large, somewhat hairy. — Ait.! Keu\ (ed. 1.) 2. p. 169;
^lVilld.!'l. c. ; Pursh! I. c. ; Ell. sk. 1. ^x 547; Seringe! in DC. I. c;
Darlingt.fi. Cest. p. 291 ; Loudon, arb. Brit. 3. p. 841. C. uniflora, Duroi,
ex Ait. C. torneutosa, Michx.! fl. 1. p. 289, not oi Linn. Mespilus
xanthocarpus, Linn.f. suj}pl. M. laciniata, Walt. Car. p. 147. M. axil-
laris, Pers. I. c. M. flexuosa, Poir. ! I. c.

In sandy soil, New Jersey! to Florida! and Louisiana! April-May. —
Stem 3-5 or 8 feet high, much branched, with a few long thorns. Leave*
1-2 inches in length, mostl}' obtuse and rounded at the summit, rough but
shining above. Segments of the calyx about the length of the half-grown
fruit ; which when ripe is eatable, but rather drj', one-third to near half an
inch in diameter, deeply umbilicate at die apex. — The serratures of the
calyx-segments, bracts &cc. are glandular ; but the leaves have no glands.

16. C. bcrberi folia: leaves spatulate or narrowly oblong-cuneiform (those
of the sterile branches often broadly obovate), decurrent by a long tapering
base into a short petiole, minutely and evenlj'^ serrate toward the suminitr

470 ROSACEiE. Pyrus.

scabrous above, not shining, scabrous-pubescent beneath; spines wanting ;
corymbs (in (iuit) 2-4-floweretl, tomcntose-])ubcscent; segments of the calvx
small, triangular-lanceolate, entire ; styles 2-4; fruit (immature) subglobose,
rather large. •

Prairies of Opeloiisas, Louisiana, Prof. Carpenter ! — This species bears a
strong resemblance to C. parvifolia ; but the leaves are larger (particularly on
the young branches) and much more attenuate at the base ; the specimens are
thornless ; the corymbs often at least 4-ilowercd ; and the calyx-segments
are entire, not glandular, and not half the size of those of C. [)arvifolia. It
forms a tree from 20-25 feet high, according to Prof. Carpenter. We have
no flowers, and, although collected in July, the fruit is still unri})e.

X Douhtful Species.

17. C. unilateraLis (Pers.) : leaves cuneiform or oblanceolate, obtuse,
crenate, undivided, corymbs unilateral ; fruit urceolate. Pers. syn. 2. p. 37.

Carolina, in herh. Lamarck, without flowers. Persoon. — It is impossible
to identify (his species. It is perhaps C. parviflora, or C. spathulata.

C.;3rwneZZ(/b/za (Bosc), of which a specimen without fruit or flowers is in tho
herbarium of De Caiulolle, is iis likely to be a Pruiius as a Cralfegus.
C. hetcrophylla (Flugge) is not a North American plant.

27. PYRUS. Linn. ; Lindl. in Lin. tratis. 13. p. 97.

Pyrus &, Sorbus, Li7in. Pyrus, Malus, & Sorbus, Tourn.

Calyx-tube urceolate ; the limb 5-lobed. Petals roundish. Styles 5, or
sometimes 2-3, distinct or often united at the base. Pome fleshy or baccate,
closed: carpels 2-5, cartilaginous or nearly membranaceous. Seeds 2 in
each cell : testa chartaceous or cartilaginous. — Trees or shrubs, with simple
or pinnate leaves. Flowers (white or rose-color) in spreading terminal sim-
ple or compound corymbose cymes. Fruit mostly eatable.

The genus is more commonly retained in the form adopted by Lindley,
in his revision of the tribe. But it will probably be again divided, perhaps as
has been done by Koch. {Fl. Germ, et Helv.)

§ 1. Leaves simple, not. glandular :_cijmes si7np)lc ; the pedicels mostly umbel-
late : petals spreading, flat : styles (3-5) united at the base : jwmc mostly glo-
bose or depressed, umbilicate at the base : carpels {jnitamen) cartilaginous.
— Malus, Tourn. {Ajjple.)

1. P. coronaria (Linn.) : leaves ovate, on very slender petioles, obtuse or
subcordate at the base, incisely serrate, often lobed, glabrous when old ; pedi-
cels glabrous ; styles united and woollv at the base ; fruit small, fragrant.
—Linn. spec. 1. p. 480 ; Ait. ! I. c. ; Willd. ! spec. 2. p. 1019 ; DC. U. c. ;
Hook. ! bot. mag. t. 2009 ; Lindl. ! bot. res. t. 651. Malus coronaria, Mill,
diet. ; Michx. ! ft. 1. p. 292 ,• Michx.f. sylv. 2. p. 67, t. 65.

Borders of woods, Michigan! (and" near Lake Superior, Dr. Pitcher .')
and western part of New York ! to Louisiana, and the upper districts of S.
Carolina and Georgia ! sometimes cultivated. April-May. — A small tree,
10-20 feet high. Corymb few-flowered : the flowers pale rose-color, very
large, fragrant: petals somewhat unguiculate. Fruit depressed-globose,

Pyrus. ROSACEyE. 471

(1-li imli in diameter) gTPfinish-yellnw and snmewliat iranslufeiil when
ripe, firm, extremely aciil, ripe in September. — Crab-Aj)plf. Swrcf-scentcd
Crab-tree.

J D- P. angustifolia (Ait.) : leaves lanecokite-oblong, often aeute at ilie base,
dentate-serrate or almost entire, t^labroiis, sliininn; above ; pedieel.s glabrous ;
stvies dislinet and glabrous ; fruit small. — Ait ! Kew. (ed. 1.) 2. j). 273 ,• IV/jts.
dendrol. t. 132 ; Ell. sk. 1. p. 559 ; Lindl. ! hot. rei{. I. 1207. P. coronaria,
Walt. ; Wamr. Amer. p. 161, t. 21, f. 47. Mains ani^uslifolia, Mirlix. ! I. c.
Pennsylvania ! to Georgia and Louisiana ! 3Iareli-3ray. — Resembles
the preceding; the fruit smaller, tec.

■' — 3. P. rivularis {J)oug\.): leaves ovate, acute, undivided or often some-
what 3-Iobed, acutely serrate, j)ubescent, especially beneall; ; calyx and
pedicels tomentose, or at length oidy pube«-ent : styles (3-4) glabrous, united
below the middle ; fruit very small, ovoid-globose (not umbilicate at the
base?) ; the lobes of the calyx at length deciduous. — Dougl. ! in Hook. Jl.
Bor.-Am. 1. j). 303, t. 68. P. diversifolia, Bongard ! veg. Sitclia, I. c.
p. 133.

Banks of streams, Oregon and N. W. Coast, Menzies .' Douglas ! Dr.
Scouler ! Nutlall ! Sitcha, Bongard ! April-May.— Tree 20-2.5 feet high.
Flowers rather large. Lobes of the calyx woolly wiihin, as in other species
of this section. Fruit red or yellow (scarcely as large as a cherry, and of a
pleasant flavor, ?\v.tt.), used as an article of food by the Chenook Indians-
The wood is verj^ hard, capable of receiving a high polish, and is employed
by the natives for making wedges. This species belongs to the section Ma-
lus, rather than to Toniiinaria.

Pyrus Mains (the Apple) is occasiona'Iy found in hedge-rows and neglected
fields, but is scarcely naturalized in any part of the country.
Pyrus Michauxii (Bosc) is not a North American species.

§ 2. Leaves simple : the midrib glandular along the upper side : cymes com-
pound : petals spreading, concave : styles (3-5) united at the base : pome
turbinate or globose : carpels (putamen) somewhat cartilaginous. — Ade.vo-
RACHis, DC. (Aronia, Pcrs. partly.) J

' -4. P. arbutifolia (Linn, f.) : leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse, acute, or acu-
minate, crenately serrulate, attenuate into a short petiole, shining above,
veiny beneath; fruit pyriform, or nearly globose when ripe. — Linn./.!
suppl. p. 256 ; HooTc. ! I. c.

4- a. erythrocarpa : caljx, peduncles, and lower surface of the leaves, at least
when young, tomentose; fruit dark red. — Hook:.' I. c. P. arbutifolia, DC. !
I. c. ; Willd. ! spec. 2. p. 1012. P. floribunda, Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1006.
P. depressa, Lindl. in hort. trans.? Mespilus arbutifolia, Linn..' spec. 1.
p. 478; Michx. .' I.e. {a. erythrocarpa.) Aronia pjrifolia & arbutifolia,
Pers. syn. 1. p. 39. A. arbutifolia. Ell. sk. 1. p. 556; Spach ! suite Buff.
Crataegus pyrifolia. Lam. ex DC.

j.^. melanocarpa : calyx, peduncles, and leaves glabrous or nearly so ; fruit
purplish-bliick. — Hook..' I.e. P. melanocarjja, Willd.! enum. 1. 525;
DC! I. c. P. grandifolia (&pubens?), Lindl. I. c, S^' bot. reg. t. 1154.
Mespilus arbutifolia /?. melanocarpa, Michx. ! I. c. Aronia melanocarpa,
Ell. I. c. A. arbutifolia /?. melanocarpa, Torr. ! Jl. 1. p. 470. A. glabres-
cens, 8pach ! I. c.

In low thickets or on the borders of swamps, Canada ! from Newfound-
land ! and the Saskatchawan ! and throughout the Northern States ! to

472 ROSACEiE. Piiotinia.

Georgia ! and Louisiana ! May-June. (March-April, in the Southern
States.) — A low much-branched shrub, producing a profusion of white flow-
ers, often with a tinge of purple, with purple or brownish anthers. Leaves
1—2 or sometimes 3 inches in length ; the serratures mucronate with an in-
curved callous or glandular point ; the midrib with a row of purplish glands
along the u))])er side. Styles villous at the base. Fruit about 3 lines in di-
ameter, turbinate when young, nearly globose and dark reddish-purple or
almost black when ripe, sweetish and astringent. — Many intermediate fomis
between these two varieties, as we confidently consider them, occur in
a wild state, and others are common in the European gardens. The glabrous
form is more common in the Northern States, or on mountains. — Choke-
berry.

§ 3. Leaves pinnate or pinnately lohed : cymes compound : petals spreading :
styles (2-5) distinci : pome globose or turbinate : carpels {putamen) not
cartilaginous. — Sorbus, Linn.

6. P. Americana (DC.) : leaves pinnately 13-15-foliolate, glabrous (pu-
bescent as well as the petiole when very young) ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate,
acuminate, sharply serrate with mucronate teeth ; cymes large, compound ;
fruit (bright red or scarlet) globose. — DC. ! prodr. 2. p. 637 ; Hook. ! I. c.
Sorbus Americana, Willd.! enum. 1. p. 520 ; Pursh,fl. 1. p. 341 ; Torr. !

fl. 1. p. 447. Sorbus aucuparia /?. Michx. .' fl. I. p. 290.

0. microcarpa: fruit smaller. — P. microcarpa, DC. I.e. Sorbus micro-
carpa, Pursh, I. c. S. aucuparia a. Michx. I. c.

Shady swamps or moist woods, Pennsylvania ! New York ! and New
England States I mostly in mountainous regions, to Labrador! Greenland?
Subarctic America, and the N. W. Coast ! P. On the high mountains of
Virginia and N. Carolina! On the Grandfather Mountain, Mr. Curtis!
May-June. — A large shrub or small tree. Flowers white. Styles 3-5.
Fruit moderately acid, turning to light bright red when fully ripe, remaining
on the tree during the winter. — Very nearly allied to the European P. aucu-
paria, and certainly not to be distinguished by the color of the fruit (which is
neither purple nor fulvous when fully ripe) : the more sharply serrate and
acuminate leaflets may not provdia constant distinction. It is a very orna-
mental tree, especially in winter, %n account of its large clusters of scarlet ber-
ries.— Mountain-Ash. .^

7. P. sambucifolia (Cham. & Sehlecht.) : leaves pinnately about 11-folio-
late ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, sharply serrate, acuminate, hairy along the
midrib and margins, bearded at the fepex ; stipules \'illous ^\^th reddish hairs.
— Cham. (^- Sehlecht. ! in Linneea, 2. p. 36 ; Bongard, vcg. Sitcha, I. c.

Sitcha, Bongard. — Young fruit ovate. Bongard also notices a smaller-
leaved variety.

28. PHOTINIA. Lindl. in Lin. trans. 13. p. 103, <^- bot. reg. fol. 1956.

Calyx 5-toothed. Petals reflexed. Ovary partly coherent with the calj'x-
tube (of 2 combined carpels), hairy, either completely or incompletely 2-
celled: styles 2, distinct or coherent, glabrous. Pericarp included in the
fleshy calyx. Testa cartilaginous. — Trees, with coriaceous and persistent
entire or serrate leaves. Flowers (white) in corymbose terminal panicles.
Fruit small.

Amela-ncuier. ROSACETE. 473

§ Ovary completely 2-celled. — Euphotinea, Lindl.

1. P. arhutifolia [lAnAh): leaves oblonjr-lanceolate, acute, distinctly ser-
rate ; pedicels shorter than the calyx. — Lindl. ! I. c, Sf h(jt. rcg. t. 491 ;
DC. ! prodr. 2. p. 631 ; Honk. Sf Am. ! hat. Bcechcy, p. 139, 4' svjrpl. p.
340, P. nudillora & foliolosa, Nutt. ! mss. Cratsegus arbutifolia, Ait. ! Kew.
{ed. 2.) 3. /;. 202.

Calitornia, ATenzics ! Douglas ! Nuttall ! Scc. — Leaves very rii^d, sharp-
ly serrate, the teeth mostly tipped withglaiids ; the margin revolute. " Sta-
mens about 10. Style 1 ; stigmas 2. Ovary tomcntose, obliijue, exserted
beyond tlic calyx." Nutt. — IJy a tyi)Ograpliical error in Dc CandoUe's Pro-
dromus, the pedicels are said to be longer than the calyx.

29. AMELANCHIER. Medic. ; Lindl. in Lin. trans. 13, p. 100.

Calj'x 6-cleft. Petals obovate-oblong or oblanceolate. Stamens short.
Styles 5, more or less united. Pome 5- (or by abortion 3-4-) celled, each
cell imperfectly divided by a spurious dissejnment, with a single seed in
each division :' endocarp cartilaginous. — Small trees or shrubs, with simple
serrated leaves, and racemose (while) flowers.

1. A. Canadensis: leaves, as well as the racemes and calyx, tomentose-
lanuginous when very young, glabrous when mature, ovate, elliptical, or
oblong, sometimes cordate at tlie base, often slightly acununafe or mucro-
nate ; segments of the calyx triangular-lanceolate, about the length of the
tube ; fruit globular (edible) purplish. — Mespilus Canadensis, Linn. 1 spec.
1. p. 478 (excl. syn. Gronuv.) ; Michx. .' Jl. I. p. 291. Pyrus Botryapium,
Linn. f. suppl. it. 255.

a. Bolryujn^im : arborescent ; leaves ovate-oblong, very sharply serrate,
mostly subcordate when young, acuminate and cuspidate ; petals oblong,
four times the length of the calyx. — Mespilus Canadensis 0. cordata, Michx.
I. c. M. arborea, Michx. f. sylv. 1. p. 33G. t. G6. Pyrus Botryaiiium,
Willd. ! spec. 2. p. 1013 ; Pursh, I. c. Crataegus racemosa, Lam. did. 1.
J). 74. Aronia Botryapium, Pers. syn. \ p. 39 ; Ell. sk. 1. j)- 357. Ame-
lanchier Botryapium, DC. ! prodr. 2. p. 632. A. Botryapium, & ovalis.
Hook. ! jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 202.

;. (i. ohlongifolia : shrubby; leaves oval-oblong, mucronate, serrate with
short acute teeth, the tomentum of the lower surface often remaining during
llowering ; racemes shorter ; flowers smaller ; petals obovate-oblong, about
thrice the length of the calyx. — Mcsinlus Amelanchier? Walt. Car. jj. 148.
M. Canadensis a. obovalis, Michx. / Amelancluer ovalis. Hook. ! I. c.
(j)arlly.) A. intermedia, Spach ! suite Buff.

y. rotundifolia : siu^ubby or arborescent ; leaves roundish-oval, often some-
what acummate or cuspidate, very shar])ly serrate ; racemes 6-10-llowered ;
petals narrowly oblong, rather small. — M. Canadensis y. rotundifolia,
Miclix. I.e. Pyrus ovalis, Willd.! I.e. (i)ar(ly.) P. sans;u'mca, Pursh, Jl.
1. p. 340 ? Aronia ovalis, Pers. I. c. ; Ell. I. c. Amelanchier ovalis,
DC. ! I. c.

. S. alnifolia : shrubby or arborescent ; leaves roundish or broadly ellipti-
cal, very obtuse or retuse at each end, serrate near the summit only ; ra-
cemes densely-flowered ; petals linear-oblong, 3-4 times the length of the
calyx; stamens very short. — Aronia alnifolia, Nutt.! gen. 1. p. 306.
Amelanchier alnifolia, Nutt. ! in jour. acad. Jr*hilad. 7. p. 22. A. ovalis /i.
semiintegriiblia, Hook. ! I. c. A. florida, Lindl. ! hot. reg. t. 1589.

60.

474 ROSACEA. Peraphyllum.

t.pumila: "dwarf; leaves small, roundish-oval, obtuse at both ends,
coarsely and sharply serrate from near the base, glabrous when young;
petals oblong, about twice the length of the calyx." A. pumila, Nutt. !
mss.

(f. oligocarpa : shrubby ; leaves mostly glabrous even when young, nar-
rowly oval or oblong, cuspidate, finely and sharply serrate ; racemes 2-4-
flowered ; petals obovate or obovate-oblong, about twice or thrice the length
of the calyx. — Mespilus Canadensis i. oligocarpa, Miclix. ! I. c. Pyrus
sanguinea, Pursh, I. c. ? Aronia sanguinea, Nutt. I. c. Amelanchier san-
guinea, DC. I. c ; Lindl. hot. reg. t. 1171 ; Hook. ! I. c.

Along streams and in swampy grounds, sometimes in dry rocky places,
throughout the United States! and Canada! to Newfoundland ! and Subarc-
tic America. 6. Northern and Western States ! to Oregon ! e. Near the
sources of the Platte in the Rocky Mountains, Nuttall! <". Wet mountain
swamps. New York ! and New England States! to Newfoundland! Labra-
dor ! Hudson's Bay ! Saskatchawan ! &c. April-May. (February and
March in the Soutliern States.) — Fruit red, turning blackish-purple when
fully ripe, somewhat pruinose, sweet, ripening in July and August :
it is used by the aborigines in the Northern regions as an article of food.
Numerous forms intermediate between those here described constantly occur,
rendering it impossible to distinguish any of them as species, although the
last mentioned is the most peculiar. Indeed, except in the shorter and less
subulate calyx-segments, it is difficult to distinguish the American species'
from A. vulgaris. — Shad-floiver.

30. PERAPHYLLUM. Natt. mss.

" Calyx-tube urceolate ; the limb 5-lobed. Petals 5, broadly obovate, un-
guiculate. Stamens about 20, exserted. Styles 2, rarely 3, coherent below.
Pome small, nearly dry, containing 2 (rarely 3) almost distinct carpels, each
2-celled by a spurious dissepiment ; the cells 1 -seeded : endocarp cartilagin-
ous. Seeds angular, compressed : testa cartilaginous. — A low exceedingly
branched shrub, with rigid lanceolate much crowded leaves terminating the
branchlets. Corymbs 2-4 -flowered : petals white ?"

P. ramosissimum (Nutt. ! mss.)

" Dry hill-sides near the Blue Mountains of the Oregon. An exceedingly
branched shrub, 4-6 feet high, with hard white wood and greyish bark.
Branches short and tortuous, not thorny, covered with circular scars, the ci-
catrices of the fallen clustered leaves. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, an
inch or more in length, entire or obsoletely serrulate, smooth and shining
above, very minutely pubescent beneath. Stipules obsolete. Calyx urceo-
late, the tube wholly adnate to the ovary ; tlie border small ; segments reflexed,
tomentose within. Styles filiform, thickened towards the summit, longer
than the stamens, united and pubescent below. Fruit nearly globose, about
the size of a pea, dry (perhaps not always so, somewhat gelatinous when
steeped), with a brownish yellow vesicular epidermis : caqiels conic, pubes-
cent along the inside nearly to the base. Seeds dark brown, about half the
size of those of the Apple, but with a rather thicker testa, gibbous and
somewhat triangular, compressed at the sides. Seed erect. Radicle at the
base of the seed." Nutt. — Mr. Nuttall compares this curious plant -with
Purshia, which it is not unlike in habit. Its nearest affinity is doubtless
with Amelanchier, but it forms a very distinct genus. We have not seen
flowering specimens.

Calycanthus. CALYCANTHACEiE. 475

Order L. CALYCANTIIACEiE. Lindl

Sepals and petals indefinite, confounded, combined in a fleshy
tube : estivation imbricated. Stamens indefinite, inserted on the
fleshy border at the mouth of the tube, the inner sterile : anthers ad-
nate, extrorse. Ovaries several, with a terminal style, inserted on
the inner surfixcc of the concave disk or torus which lines the tube of
the calyx : ovules solitary, or 2 one above the other, ascending.
Achenia enclosed in the fleshy tube of the calyx, 1-seeded. Seed
solitary, anatropous, without albumen. Cotyledons convolute. —
Aromatic shrubs (natives of North America and Japan) ; the stems
at length having four imperfect external axes of growth. (Cf.
Mirhcl, in aim. sci. not. 14, t. 13.) Leaves opposite, scabrous, en-
tire, without stipules. Flowers axillary and terminal, solitary.

1. CALYCANTHUS. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 445; Lindl. hot. reg. (1819.)

Lobes of the calyx imbricated iu several series, lanceolate, colored, all
more or less coriaceous or flesh}'. Stamens unequal, deciduous, about 12
of the outer ones fertile. — Shrubs (North American); the bark and leaves
exhaling a camphoric odor. Flowers lurid purple, expanding after the
leaves. — Carolina Allspice. Sweet-scented Shrub.

1. C.Jloridus (Linn.) : leaves oval or ovate-lanceolate, often pubescent or
tomentosc beneath ; peduncles very short.

a. leaves oval, mostly acute or acuminate, tomentose beneath,, as well as
the branchlets ; branches spreading. — C. floridus, Linn. ! spec. cd. 2. p. 718 ;
Bot. mag. t. 503 ; Michx. ! jl.l. p. 305 ; Willd. ! hart. Berol. 1. p. 80 ;
Nutt.! gen. l.p. 312,- Ell. sk. 1. p. 576; Guimp. Otto, Sf Hayne, Jiolz. L
4 ; DC. prodr. S. p. 3. C. sterilis, Walt.

/3. inoclorus : " segments of tlie calyx linear-lanceolate, pubescent ; leaves
lanceolate, scabrous and shining on the upper, smooth on the lower surface ;
branches expanding." Ell. — C. inodorus. Ell. sk. 1. p. 576.
^ y. lievigatus : leaves oblong or ovate-lanceolate, gradually acute or acu-
'minate, glabrous beneath; branches erect. — C. leevigatus, Willd.! hort.
Berol. t. 80 ; Nutt. ! gen. 1. p. 312 ; Ell. I. c. ; Chiimp. Otto, 4- Hayne,
I. c. t. 6 ; DC. I. c. C. feitilis, Walt. C. ferax, Michx.! I. c. (Varies with
the leaves scabrous and sometimes almost smootli above.)
.i-^^. glaucus : leaves oblong or ovate-lanceolate, gradually aeuniinate, glau-
cous and glabrous or somewhat pubescent beneath ; branches spreading. —
C. glaucus, Willd. ! hort. Berol. p. 80 ; Nutt. ! I. c. ; Ell. I. c. ; Gump.
Otto, cV Haytic, holz. t. 5 ; DC. I. c.

Hill-sides, and in fertile soil along rivulets, Virginia ! to Georgia ! nearly
confined to the vicinity of the mountains (common in gardens). March-
June. — We have arranged tlie several -species of Willdenow and Elliott as
varieties of C. floridus, it ajipearing to us that they do not ofter sufficient and
constant characters, although they doubtless preserA'e their characteristics

476 MELASTOMACEiE. Rhexia.

when propagated by cuttings. They are said seldom to ripen their fruit in
their native situations.

,J«e^ 2. C. occidentalis (Hook. & Am.) : leaves ovate-lanceolate, somewhat
cordate at the base, acuminate, rigid, scabrous, glabrous and shining, and of
the same color on both sides ; peduncles elongated. — Hook. Sf Am. ! hot.
Beechey, suppl. i^. 340, t. 84.

California, Douglas ! (v. sp. in herb. HooJc.) — Leaves about 6 inches long
and 2 in width. Peduncles terminal, or from the forks of the branches,
2-3 inches in length when the flower is expanded.

t Order (LI.) MYRTACE^. Juss.

We have received from Southern Florida very imperfect specimens of two or
three Myrtaccous plants, probably species of Eugenia ; but have not sufficient
materials for their identification.

Order LII. MELASTOMACE^. Jiiss.

Sepals combined into a 4-6-Iob3d persistent calyx ; the tube uri.
ceolate, cohering more or less with the angles of the ovary.
Petals equal in number with the lobes of the calyx and alternate
with them, inserted on its throat : sestivation twisted. Stamens as
many as the petals and alternate with them, or more commonly
twice as many, those opposite the petals often differently shaped
and sterile : filaments inflexcd in aestivation : anthers adnate or
fixed by the base, introrse, l-2.celled, often appendiculate, usually
opening by one or two terminal pores ; before flowering contained
in the tubular interstices formed by the cohesion of the ovary with
the nerves of the calyx. Ovary 3-6-cellcd, with the placentas in
the axis, large and thick : ovules indefinite : style 1 : stigma capi-
late or minute. Fruit capsular and then at length nearly free from
the persistent tube of the calyx, the dehiscence loculicidatf or bac-
cate and wholly coherent with the calyx, 3-6-celled. Seeds very
numerous, minute, anatropous, often curved or cochleate, destitute
of albumen : testa brittle. Embryo conformed to the shape of the
seed : cotyledons equal or unequal. — Herbs, trees, or shrubs (all
tropical except Rhexia), with opposite mostly entire 3-9-ribbed
leaves, not dotted. Stipules none. Flowers terminal, solitary or
cymose.

1. RHEXIA. Linn. ; R. Br. in Tuckey's voy. (1818) p. 436.

Tube of the calyx ventricose at the base, narrowed above the ovary ; the
limb 4-cleft, persistent. Petals 4, obovate or roundish. Anthers 8, uniform,

Rhexia. MELASTOMACEiE. 477

vvitli a ratlier thick connectivum, not a]i])cndac;ccl, 1-cclled ! Style somewhat
declined : stjijma ohtuse. Capsule nearly free from the invci«tin<!; calyx-
tube, 4-ccllcd ; die placenta; nuich projecting into the cells. Seeds coch-
leate ; the hilum very large. — Perennial herbs. Leaves mostly sessile, 3-
nerved, ciliate-serrulate or entire. Flowers showy, purple or yellow ; the
petals rather caducous.

The onccellcd anthers of Rhexia were pointoH out to us by Mr. Brown ; who
many years since stated that the genus sliouUi be restricted to the North Amer-
ican species, but without mentioning its distinctive marks. The anthers be-
come onc-celled by the obliteration of the partitions : at an early period wo
find four parallel cells. The species are nearly confined to the vicinity of the
sea-board.

§ 1. Anthers long and linear, arcuate, more or less j^roduced or saccate at the
base ; the connectivum furnished with a minute setaceous process at the in-
sertion of the filament : style somewhat curved above : tube of the calyx
mostly elongated and campanulate-infundibuUform above the ovary : leaves
lanceolate or linear : flowers j^urjjle, rarely almost white. — Eurhexia.

—f— 1. R. Mariana (Linn.) : stem terete, hispid, mostly simple ; leaves linear-
oblong or lanceolate, attenuate at the base and slightly petioled, sparsely his-
pid on both sides, setaceously ciliate-serrulale ; calyx hispid with scattered
bristly and somewhat glandular hairs. — Linn. spec. 1. p. ti-iG ; Lam. ill. t.
283,/. 1 ; Michx. ! fl.\. ji. 221 (cxcl. y.) ; Ell. sk. 1. jj. 437; DC! prodr.
3. p. 121. R. Ludoviciana, Baf. ?

Moist sandy soil, New Jersey ! to Florida ! and Kentucky ! to Louisiana!
June-Sept. — Stem 1-2 feet high, slender. Petals large, obliquely obovate,
light purple, often liispid externally.

2. R. lanceolata (Walt.) : stem nearly terete, much branched, hirsute ;
leaves linear or lanceolate, attenuate at the base and slightly petioled, slight-
ly liis])id on both sides, setaceously ciliate-serndate ; calyx glabrous. — Walt.
Car. p. 129 ,• Pair. suppL? R. Mariana y. cxalbida, Lam. ill. t. 286,/. 3 ;
Michx.! I. c. R. anguslifolia, Nuti.! gen. I. p. 244 ; Ell. I. c. ; DC! I. c.

Damp soil, N. Carolina ! to Florida! and Louisiana. .Tune-Aug. — Stems
1-2 feet high, growing in large clusters or patches, very leafy. Flowers nu-
merous, smaller than in R . Mariana, pale purple or nearly wliite.

^T — 3. R. Virginica (Linn.) : stem sparsely hispid, quadrangular, the angles
narrowly winged ; leaves oval-lanceolate, acute, si)arsely hispid above and
on the ribs of the lower surface, serrulate-ciliate ; calyx liLspid, the tube
above the ovary h)nger than the segments. — Linn. ! sj>ec. 1. p. 34 G ; Lam.
ill. t. 283, / 2 ,• Mwhx. ! I. c. ; Bot. mag. t. 9G8 ; Ell. I. c. ; DC. ! prodr.
3. p. 121. R. septemnervia, Walt. Car. p. 130.

Moist places, Massachusetts ! and Connecticut ! near the coast, to Louisi-
ana ! and Arkansas ! July-Sept. — Leaves sometimes 5-7-ribbed, longer
than the internodes. Flowers large, numerous : petals often hispid exter-
nally . — Deer- grass.

4. R. stricta (Pursh) : glabrous ; stem (tall) quadrangular, the angles
strongly winged, minutely bearded at the nodes; leaves ovate-lanceolate,
gradually acuminate, setaceously serrulate, often slightly hispid above ; calyx
glabrous, the tube scarcely prolonged above the ovary. — Pursh, fl. 1. p.
258 ; DC. I. c.

^

478 MELASTOMACEiE. Rhexia.

Georgia! Alabama! and Florida ! (on the margin of pine-barren ponds,
generally in water, Dr. Chapman). Aug.-Sept. — Stem 3-4 feet iiigh.
Leaves (two inches or more long) about the length of the mternodes, the
lowermost ovate, the uppemiost narrowly lanceolate. Flowers resembling
R. Virginica.

I-- 5. R. glabella (Michx.) : stem nearly terete, simple, and, as also the
leaves, glabrous, slightly glaucous ; leaves lanceolate, entire or very minute-
ly denticulate, rather thick, obscurely 3-nerved, veinless ; calyx glandular-
hispid.— Mic/?.r./j^. 1. x>. 222,- Nutt. ! gen. 1. p. 244 ,- Bonpl. Rhex. t. 44 ;
Ell.sk. l.p. 438,- DC. I.e.

p. leaves somewhat ovate. DC. — R. Alifanus, Walt. Car. p. 131 ?

Damp woods, N. Carolina ! to Florida ! Alabama ! and Louisiana !
June-Aug. — Stem 2-3 feet higli. Leaves about the length of the iuternodes,
sweet to the taste. Calyx infundibulifomi-campanulate above tlie ovary.
Petals very large, pale purple, glandular externally before their expansion.
— Deer-grass.

§ 2. Anthers oblong, straight, with no setaceous process at the insertion of the
filament {sometimes ivith a very minute obsolete spur) : tube of the calyx
short and campanulate above the ovary : leaves ovate, sinall : flowers sessile,
( few) violet-p urple. — C alorhexia.

; 6. R. ciliosa (Michx.) : stem simple, quadrangular, glabrous ; leaves
broadly ovate, slightly petioled, glabrous beneath, sparsely hispid above, the
margin serrulate and ciliate with long spreading bristles ; flowers nearly
sessile, 1-3 together, involucrate by the upper pair of leaves ; calyx gla-
brous, the lobes acute.— Mic/;.r. .' fl. 1. p. 221 ; Nutt..' gen. 1. p. 343;
Pursh, fl. 1. p. 258, t. 10 ; Ell. sTc. 1. p. 348; DC. ! jrrodr. 3. p. 122.
R. petiolata, Walt. Car. p. 130 ?

Damp pine-barrens, Delaware ? and N. Carolina ! to Florida! and West-
ern Louisiana ! June-Aug. — Stem simple, 1-2 feet high. Flowers large
(li inch in diameter when the petals are fully expanded) : the cah-x wholly
glabrous, or with a few scattered caducous hairs.

' 7. R. serrulata (Nutt.) : small ; stem quadrangular, glabrous, simple ;
leaves (very small) ovate or oval, slightly petioled, glabrous on both sur-
faces, serrulate and ciliate with long spreading bristles ; flowers somewhat
pedicelled, 1-3 together ; calyx glandular-hispid, the teeth obtuse. — Nutt. !
gen. l.p. 243; DC. I. c.

Open swamps, Georgia! to Florida! June-July. — Stem 6-10 inches
high. Leaves scarcely half an inch in length, much shorter than the inter-
nodes. Flowers smaller than in the preceding species, but large for the
size of the plant ; the calyx more constricted above the ovary.

§ 3. Anthers linear-oblong, straight and erect, tcith no process at the insertion
of the filament : calyx much constricted immediately above the ovary, the
upper portion campanulate: stems brachiately branched: leaves linear:
florvers yellow. — Rhexantha.

8. R. lutea (Walt.) : stem quadrangular, sparsely hispid ; leaves linear
and oblanceolate, rather thick, obscurely ribbed, entire, the surface and mar-
gins beset -with scattered bristles, the up]5€rmost mucronate with a long
bristle; calyx smooth and shinuig, or hispid Avith a few scattered bristles;
the teeth cm])idate.— Walt. Car. p. 130; Michx.! fl. 1. p. 222; Pursh, fl.
l.p. 258, t. 10; Nutt. gen. l.p. 244 ; Ell. sk. l.p. 440; DC! I. c.

IIypobriciha. LYTIIRACEvE. 479

Damp pine barrens, N. Carolina ! to Florida ! and Louisiana I Juiic-
Aug. — Flowers rather small : petals setaceously mucronate.

R. lincarifolia (Poir.) is Ludwigia altornifolia, fide DC.

Order LIII. LYTHRACEiE. Juss.

Sepals combined into a 4-7-tootlicd or lobcd calyx ; the lobes
valvato or distant in sestivation ; the sinuses sometimes produced
into accessory lobes or processes. Petals alternate with the proper
lobes of the calyx and inserted on its throat, very deciduous, some-
times wanting. Stamens inserted into the tube of the calyx below
the petals, equal to them in number, or 2-4 times as many, rarely
fewer : anthers short, introrse. Ovary enclosed in but free from
the calyx, 2-4-celled, with numerous ovules in each cell ; the
placentce in the axis : style filiform, sometimes short or almost
none : stigma usually capitate. Capsule membranaceous, surrounded
by the calyx, often 1-celled by the obliteration of the dissepiments,
dehiscent either longitudinally or irregularly. Seeds numerous and
small, or rarely few and large, anatropous, destitute of albumen.
Cotyledons fiat and foliaceous. — Herbs, rarely shrubs or trees, with
usually 4-sided branches, and opposite or seldom alternate entire
exstipulatc leaves, without glands or dots. Flowers axillary, or
(by the reduction of the leaves) in terminal racemes or spikes.

Lagerstr<Eniia Indica occurs in Drummond's New Orleans collection ; but the
plant has probably escaped from the gardens.

1. HYPOBRICHIA. M. O. Curtis, mss. (1836)

Ptilina, Nutt. mss. (1838)

Calyx hemispherical-campanulate, not bracteolatc at the base, 4-lobed :
accessory teetli none or mere callous points. Petals none. Stamfens 2-4.
Ovary globose, 2-cclledr style almost none: stigma 2-lobed. Capsule
globose, very lliin and membranous, 2-celled, bursting irregulaily : placenta
globose, thick. Seeds numerous (rather large for the size of the capsule),
obovate-oblong, ascending; the testa membranaceous. — A submersed aquatic
herb (with somewhat the habit of Callitriche autumnalis), witli ojjposite
and crowded linear pellucid leaves, and minute axillary sessile Howers.

Except in its peculiar habit, this plant differs very little from Ammannia. Mr.
Curtis sent us specinens several years since, under the present name, and with
an accurate description ; but he was not aware of its identity with the Pcplis
diandra of Nuttall.

480 LYTHRACE^. Ammannia.

- ' H. Nuttallii.—F c\)\is 1 diandra, Nuit. ! in DC. prodr. 3. ^;. 77. Ptilina
aquatica, Nutt. ! mss.

In slow-flowing streams and ponds, Arkansas, Nuttall ! Texas, Drum-
moncl! Lincolnton, N. Carolina, Mr. Curtis! lllinoh, Mr. Buckley .' June-
Aug. — Stems 1-2 feet in length, very leafy, wlioUy immersed, or with the
summit floating. Leaves about an inch long, narrowly linear, acute ; the
uppermost, when floating, rather shorter and broader, obtuse, indistinctly
veined. Flowers not larger than a pin's head. Calyx slightly plaited
between the lobes. Stamens 2, or frequently 4, shorter than the calyx.

2. AMMANNIA. Houst. in Linn. gen. ; Lam. ill. L 77 ; W. Sf Am.
jnodr. Ind. Or. l.p. 304 (excl. § 1 c^S?)

Calyx more or less campanulate, 4-5-toothed or lobed ; the sinuses usually
expanding into spreading accessory teeth or horns. Petals as many as the
lobes of the calyx, or often wanting. Stamens as many or sometimes twice
as many as the lobes of the calyx. Ovary 2-4-celled : style short, or rather
long : stigma capitate. Capsule globose or ovoid, included in the calyx,
either bursting transversely or opening by valves. Seeds numerous, attach-
ed to thick central placenta3. — Herbaceous mostly glabrous annual plants,
growing in wet places, with square stems, and opposite entire leaves. Flow-
ers axillary, sessile or somewhat peduncled, bracteolate : petals small.

§ Calyx ^-angled or plaited, ivitli 4 short lobes and as many small spread-
ing horn-like processes : pietals 4 {purplish) caducous : stamens 4 : capsule
^-celled. — Ammannla propter, Am.

/'\. A. latifolia (JAxm.) : stem erect; leaves linear-lanceolate, elongated,
' acute, dilated and obtusely cordate-auriculate at the base, closely sessile ;
flowers 1-5 in each axil (somewhat pedunculate, at least when solitary) ;
style more than half the lengtli of the capsule. — Linn. spec. l.p. 119; Lam.
ill. t. n,f. 1; Willd.! spec. 1. p. 678; DC. prodr. 3. p. 78; Hook. cV
Am.! in compan. to hot. mag. 1. p. 46. A. ramosior, Linn. mant. j)' 332 ?
Willd. ! I. c. not of Linn. spec.

Wet places, Illinois, Mr. Buckley! St. Louis, Drummond! Louisiana,
Dr. Ingalls ! Arkansas, Dr. James ! Dr. Pitcher ! July-Sept. — Stem
6-24 inches high, branching. Leaves 2-3 inches long; the uppermost often
narrowly linear. Bracteoles minute. We suspect this also occurs in the
Southern Atlantic States.

2. A. hiimilis (Michx.) : stem branched from the base, ascending ; leaves
linear-oblong or lanceolate, obtuse, tapering at the base into a short petiole ;
flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves, closely sessile ; style very short,
or almost none.— Michx. ! fl. 1. p. 99 ; Ell. sk. 1. p. 218 ; Torr. ! fl. 1. p.
189; DC! I.e. A. ramosior, Linn. spec. \. p. 120; Walt. Car. p. 88;
not of Linn. mant. Sf subsequent authors.

0. leaves mostly sessile, narrowed below, but more or less cordate-sagit-
tate at the base ; flowers about 3 in each of the lower axils, solitary above. —
A. ramosior, Michx. ! I. c. (at least partly) ; Ell. I. c. ; DC. ! I. c. A. pur-
purea, Lam. diet. 1. p. 131, fide DC.

In wet places, Connecticut! and New York! (near the coast) to Georgia!
and Louisiana ! Also Oregon, on the Wahlamet, Nuttall ! P. New Jersey !

LvTimuM. LYTHRACEiE. 481

and Southern States. Aug.-Sept. — Tliis species in thcNorlliern States does
not exceed 6 to 10 inches in heiiihi. We have seen no Southern six-eiuicns
of our var. 0. wliich in New Jersey grows in company wilii the A. iiiiiiiihs
ofMichaux, and the two appear to pass into each otiier. Linnaus cstnh-
lishcd his A. r.amosior wholly upon Clayton's plant, which is clearly ihc A.
humilis, Mich.v. ; hut sul)se(|uenl!y (in the Mantissa) he totally changed hoth
the character and description, and addnces llie synonj'in of Clayton wiili a
mark of doubt. We cannot certainly determine whether the ])lant whicli
Linn;pus lastly had in view, is our variety of the present species (in which
case his name, though not very ai)])licahle, should be retained), or his own A.
latifolia. The latter is far most j)robable ; since he states the flowers to be
three in each axil, and the style to be longer than the ovary. Hence, to
avoid confusion, we are obliged to suppress the name A. ramosior, Linn.
— Elliott was certainly mistaken in supposing the calyx to cohere with the
ovary. In the plant from Oregon, the lower leaves are sometimes alternate,
and the upper 3 togetlier.

3. LYTHRUM. Linn, (partly) ; .Juss. gen. p. 332.

Calyx cylindrical, striate ; teeth short, 4-6, usually with as many minute
intermediate teeth or processes. Petals 4-6. Stamens as many or twice as
many as the petals, inserted about the middle or near the base of the calyx,
nearly equal. Style filiform : stigma capitate. Capsule oblong, 2-celled,
many-seeded, enclosed in the cal^^. — Herbs, or rarely suffruticose plants,
with opposite or scattered entire leaves, and purplisli or white flowers.

§ 1. Stamens mostbj equal in number ivith the petals : floivers solitary in the
axils of the leaves {glabrous). — Hyssopifolia, DC. (PytJiagorea, Raf.)

'"" 1. L. Hyssojyifolia (Linn.) : annual; leaves opposite or alternate, linear
or oblong, obtuse ; flowers nearly sessUe, shorter than the leaves ; bracteoles
minute or none ; calyx obscurely striate ; petals (pale purple) and stamens
5_6,— Lm?i. / sjjcc. 1.^.447; Jacq. fl. Austr. t. 133; DC ! prodr. 3. p.
81. L. hyssopifolium, Engl. hot. t. 292 ; Bigel.fl. Bosl. ccl. 2. p. IRS.

In (salt ?) marshes, Massachusetts ! and New York ! July. — Branches
quadrangular, very slightly margined. Leaves pale green, somewhat atten-
uate or acute at the "base. Flowers small. — This is by no means common
in this country, and has perhaps been introduced. A variety of L. alatum
is frequently mistaken for it.

-2. L. alatum (Pursli) : perennial ; stem and branches quadrangular, the
angles margined or very slightly winged ; leaves varying from oval or ob-
lon^-ovate to lanceolate, mostly' acute ; the lower ones opposite, ternatcly ver-
ticiflate, orscattered; those of the virgate branches alternate ; flowers slightly
pedicelled or nearly sessile, minutely bibracteolate ; calyx deeply striate or
furrowed, the teeth shorter than the at length spreadmg subulate accessory
processes ; petals (deep violet-purple) and stamens 6.

a. leaves slightly cordate at the base, closely sessile ; the upper ones about
the length of the flowers. — L. alatum, Pursh! fl. 1. p. 334 ; Nutt. gen. 1.
p. 303 ,• Bot. mag. t. 1812 ; Ell. sk. 1. p. 545 ; DC. ! prodr. 3. p. 81. L.
vulneraria, Schrank. pi. rar. hart. Moriac. I. 27, fide DC. L. Kcnnedyanum,
H. B. S^- K. nov. gen. fide DC.

fi. leaves lanceolate or ellii)tical, mostly opposite or whorled, acute at the
base, often a little petioled, the upper ones much crowded , often shorter than

61

482 LYTHRACEiE. Decodos.

the flowers. — L. virgatum ? Waif. Car.j}- 120. L. lanceolatum, Ell. sk. 1.
p. 544 ; DC. ! I. c.

y. leaflets lanceolate, closely sessile ; the upper ones linear, mostly oppo-
site, about the length of the flowers.

<!. leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, the upper ones much longer than
the flowers.

Wet places. Upper Canada ! to Louisiana ! and Arkansas ; but not in the
New England States, y. Te\afi, Drummond ! Arkansas, Dr. James! July-
Aug. — Stem 2-5 feet high. Flowers numerous, rather large. — A very va-
riable species, at least in the leaves, which extends into Mexico, and has
probably been described under several names.

3. L. Californicum : perennial, much branched ; the branches quadrangu-
lar, with slightly margined angles ; leaves linear, sessile, obtuse, nearly all
alternate, those of the branches small, linear, about the length of the distinctly
pedicellate flowers ; bracteoles 1-2, minute ; calyx clavate-oblong, 12-striate;
the teeth very short and broad, the accessory ones obsolete ; petals (violet-
purple) and stamens 6. — L. lineare, Hook. S^ Am.! bat. Beechey, suppl. p.
343, not oi Linn.

California, Douglas ! — Flowers nearly as large as in L. alatum ; the pe-
dicels, in fruit, about half the length of the calyx. Leaves nearly opaque.

4. L. lineare (Linn.) : perennial ; stem slender, virgate, branched at the
summit, somewhat 4-angled, two or four of the angles slightly margined ;
leaves linear, opaque, mostly opposite ; the lower ones obtuse ; the upper
narrow, acute, scarcely longer than the slightly pedicellate flowers ; brac-
teoles minute ; cal3rx obscure!}^ striate ; the teeth triangular, shorter than the
erect accessory processes ; petals (nearly white) and stamens 6. — Linn. !
spec. l.p. 447 ,- Michx. ! fl.l.p. 280 ; Ell. sk. l.p. 545 ; DC.! prodr. 3.
p. 81.

Brackish swamps, New Jersey ! to Florida and Louisiana. July-Sept. —
Stem 3-4 feet high. Leaves slightly succule-nt. Flowers small.

§ 2. Stamens twice the number of the petals : flowers numerous, and (by the re-
duction of the leaves to bracts) someichat verticillate in an interrupted virgate
spike. — Salicaria, DC.

5. L. Salicaria (Linn.) : leaves lanceolate, cordate at the base ; flowers
(large) nearly sessile, in a long spike ; petals (purple) 6-7. — Engl. bot. t.
1061; DC. prodr. 3. p. 82; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. l.jj. 219. L. Salicaria
0. pubescens, Pursh,fl. l.p; 334. Salicaria spicata. Lam. ill. t. 408./. 1.

Wet meadows, Canada! Maine! and Massachusetts! probably native.
July-Aug. — The American plant, like the European, is sometimes very pu-
bescent, but often only slightly so. — Loosestrife.

4. DECODON. Gmel. syst.p. 677 ; Ell. sk. I. p. 543; DC. prodr. 3. p. 90.

Calyx short, broadly campanulate, not bracteolate at the base, with 5 erect
teeth, and 5 accessory elongated spreading horn-like processes. Stamens 10;
those ■ opposite the proper teeth of the calyx very long, the alternate ones
somewhat included. Style filiform : stigma small. Capsule globose, in-
cluded in the calyx. Seeds numerous, minute, wingless. — A perennial herb,
with recurved or reclining stems, and opposite or verticillate lanceolate entire
leaves, on short petioles. Flowers axillary, purple : peduncle very short.

CuPHEA. LYTHRACE^. 483

umbellately S-several-flowered at tlio summit : jiedicels slender, not brac-
teolate.

D. vcrlidllatum (Ell. 1. c.) — D. aqiiaticus, Gmel. I. c. Lyilirum verlicil-
latum, Linn.! spec. 1. p. 446; Michx.! Jl. I. p. 281; Pursh! jl. l.p. 334;
Torr.! Jl. 1. p. 471. Anonynios aquatica, Walt. Car. p. 137. Nesa;a ver-
ticillata, H. B. Sf K. nov. gen. G. j'- li^l-

a. pubcscens: stem and lower surface of the leaves more or less tomen-
tose-puhescent.

p. l^vigalum: glabrous; leaves bright pjccn.

Marsliy places, Canada! and throughout the United States! the smooth
variety occurring in the Northern, and tlie pubescent fomi in the Southern
States. July-Sept. — Stems 3-8 feet in length, 4-G-sidcd, often prostrate
and rooting at tlie summit. Leaves 3-5 inches long, acute at the l)asp, gradu-
ally attenuate and acute at the summit ; those of the branches often oi)posite,
sometimes scattered. Flowers rather large, showy.

5. CUPHEA. Jacq. hort. Vindob. 2. p. 83 ; DC. prodr. 3. p. 83.

Calyx tubular or ventricose, gibbous or sometimes spurred at the base on
the upper side, with 6 erect teeth, and usually as many accessory processes.
Petals 6-7, unequal. Stamens 11-14, rarely 6-7, unequal. Ovary with a
gland at the base next the gibbosity of tlie calyx : style filiform : stigma some-
what capitate or 2-lobed. Capsule membranaceous, 1-2-celled. Seeds seve-
ral, mostly large, orbicular, compressed, wingless. — Herbs or suffruticose
plants, with opposite or rarely verticillate entire leaves. Peduncles axillary
or between tlie petioles, mostly 1-flowered. Calyx colored. Petals violet
or white.

.i-^l. C. viscosissima (Jacq.): herbaceous, annual, viscid-pubescent ; stem
erect, branching ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, on slender petioles, scabrous ; calyx
1 2-ribbed, ventricose, gibbous at the base, very viscid ; petals (violet) ungui-
culate; stamens 12; seeds few. — Jacq. I. c. t. 177; Michx.! jl. 1. p. 281;
Nutt. gen. l.p. 304; DC! prodr. 3. p. 85; Bart. Jl. N. Amer. 1. t. 18;
Darlingt.! Jl. Cest. p. 284. Lythrum petiolatum, Linn.! spec. 1. p. 446.
L. Cuphea, Linn.f. suppl. p. 249.

Fields, Pennsylvania ! to Georgia ! and Arkansas ! extending to Brazil.
July-Sept. — Stem a foot or more high. Capsule, with the csdyx, opening
longitudinally before the seeds are ripe.

Order LIV. RHIZOPHORACEiE. R. Br.

Sepals united into a 4-13.1obed calyx : aestivation valvate or ca-
lyptriform. Petals inserted on the calyx, alternate with its lobes,
and equal to them in number. Stamens inserted with the petals,
twice or several times as many : filaments distinct : anthers erect,
straight or incurved. Ovary coherent with the tube of the calyx,
2-celled, or 1-celled with a central columella: ovules 2 in each cell,
or several when 1-celled, pendulous. Fruit indehiscent, l-celled.
Seed pendulous, solitary : albumen none. Radicle long : cotyledons

484 COMBRETACEiE. Conocarpus.

Hat. — Trees or shruba, with simple opposite leaves, and stipules
between the petioles. Am.

1. RHIZOPHOPvA. Linn. ; Gcertn.fr. t. 45; Lam. ill. t. 396.

Tube of the calyx obovate, coherent with the ovary; the limb divided into
4 oblong persistent segments. Petals oblong, emarginate, coriaceous, condu-
pUcate, and when young embracing the alternate stamens, the margins each
with a double row of long woolly hairs. Stamens twice as many as the
petals : anthers nearly sessile, large, linear-oblong. Ovary 2-celled, with 2
ovules in each cell: style conical, short, 2-furrowed: stigma 2-toothed.
Fruit ovate or oblong, crowned near the base with the persistent segments of
the calyx, longer than the tube, at length perforated at the apex by the radi-
cle of the germinating embryo. — Trees, with entire leaves, and axillary
inflorescence. Am.

1. R. Mangle (Linn.) : leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse ; peduncles 2-3-flow-
ered, longer than the petiole; germinating embryo subulate-clavate. — Catesh.
Car. 2. t. 63; DC.prodr. 3. j;. 32.

Maritime swamps of Louisiana! Florida! &c. Flowers pale yellow.—
Mangrove. — The species of Mangrove abound on the tropical shores of the
ocean ; tlie embryo germinating while within the pericarp, takes root in the
mud, and dense maritime thickets are produced.

Order LV. COMBRETACEiE. R. Br.

Sepals united into a 4-5-lobed calyx ; the limb deciduous. Petals
4-5, inserted on the calyx alternate with its lobes, often wanting.
Stamens inserted with the petals, twice or sometimes thrice as many
as the lobes of the calyx, or rarely equal to them in number : fila-
ments distinct. Ovary coherent with the tube of the calyx, 1-celIed,
with 2-5 suspended ovules in each cell : style 1, slender : stigma
simple. Fruit drupaceous, baccate, or dry and indohiscent, and often
winged. Seed by abortion solitary, anatropous, without albumen.
Cotyledons foliaceous, convolute or variously folded, rarely fleshy and
plano-convex. — Trees or shrubs, (tropical) with alternate or oppo-
site mostly entire exstipulate leaves. Spikes axillary or terminal.

1. CONOCARPUS. Gcertn.fr. t. 177; DC. prodr. 3. p. 16.

Flowers densely aggregated on a globular or oblong receptacle. Calyx-
tube about the length of the ovary, or longer, persistent ; the limb 5-cleft.
Petals none. Stamens 5-10, exserted: anthers cordate. Ovary compressed,
2-ovuled. Fruits coriaceous and scale-like, closely imbricated, indehiscent.
Cotyledons spirally convolute. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire.
Heads of flowers peduncled.

Terminalia. COMBRETACE^. 485

1. C. erccta (Jacq.) : fruits rctrnrscly imljricatetl in a subglobosc lioa<l,
somewhat boat-shapod, scarcely winded; tuljc of the calyx not produced
beyond tlie ovary; leaves coriaceous, oval-lanceolate, mostly acute or acumi-
nate at each end, usually with 2 glands at the base; heads paniclcd. — Jucr/.
Amer.p. 78, I. 52. {Catesh. Car. t. 33) ; DC. I. c.

Alons^ the shore, Key West, Mr. Bennett. ' Southern Florida, Dr. Has-
ler ! Tampa Bay, Dr. Leavenworth ! — A shrub or small tree.

2. TERMINALIA. Linn.; W. Sf Arn. lyrodr. Ind. Or. 1. p. 312.

Flowers often polygamous from abortion. Limb of the calyx deciduous,
camjianulate, 5-cleft; the lobes acute. Petals wanting. Stamens 10, in a
double row, longer tlian the calyx. Ovary 2-3-ovuled : style filiform, some-
what acute. Drupe not crowned by the calyx, often dry, indehiscent,
1-seeded. Seed almond-like. Cotyledons spirally convolute. — Trees or
shrubs. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, sometimes crowded towards
the extremities of the branches. Flowers spiked : spikes racemose or pani-
cled, bisexual in the lower part, sterile in the upper. Arn.

1. T. Catappa (Linn.) : leaves about the extremities of the branches, on
short petioles, obovate, cuneate and attenuated, but at the same time slightly
cordate at the base, a little repand, witli a large depressed gland on each
side of tlie midrib near the base ; racemes axillarj', solitary, simple, shorter
than the leaves; drupes oval, compressed, glabrous, with elevated navicular
margins, convex on both sides. Arn. — Linn. manl. p. 619 ; Lam. ill. t. 848,
/. 1; DC.prodr. 3. p. 11.

Soutliern Florida, Dr. Hosier ! — We have the leaves only.

Order LVI. ONAGRACEiE. Juss.

Sepals united into a tubular calyx ; the limb 4- (rarely 2-3-5-6- )
parted, with a valvate aestivation. Petals usually as many as the
lobes of the calyx and alternate with them, inserted on the summit
of the tube, with a twisted aestivation, sometimes wanting. Stamens
as many or twice as many as the lobes of the calyx, or rarely half
as many, inserted with the petals : filaments distinct : anthers
introrse, often versatile : pollen triangular. Ovary coherent with
the tube of the calyx, 2-4- (or by abortion 1-2- ) celled : ovules
definite or indefinite : placenta in the axis : style elongated or
filiform : stigma capitate or 4.1obed. Fruit capsular with mostly
loculicidal dehiscence, or dry and indehiscent, or sometimes baccate.
Seeds indefinite or solitary in each cell, anatropous, destitute of
albumen. Embryo straight : radicle usually longer than the coty-
ledons.— Herbaceous or sometimes shrubby plants, with entire or
toothed (alternate or opposite) leaves. Flowers axillary, or in
terminal spikes or racemes.

486 ONAGRACEiE. Epilobium.

Tribe I. ONAGRE^.

Petals as many (sometimes wanting in Ludwlgia) and stamens
twice as many (except in Eucharidium and Ludwigia) as the lobes
of the calyx (which are mostly 4), regular. Pollen connected by
cobweb. like threads. Ovules indefinite, rarely few and definite.
Fruit capsular, or rarely dry and indehiscent. — Herbs or slightly
shrubby plants.

Subtribe 1. Epilobine^;. — Calyx deciduous from the summit of the
ovary after flowering. Seeds comose. — Lower leaves often opposite.

1. ZAUSCHNERIA. PresU rel. Hank. 2. p. 28, t. 52.

Tube of the calyx much produced beyond the ovary, from which it finally
separates by an articulation, colored, infundibuliform, globose-inflated at the
base ; the segments spreading, much shorter than the tube. Petals 4, obcor-
date, or rather deeply 2-cleft, rather longer than the lobes of the calyx.
Stamens 8, slightly exserted ; the alternate ones a little shorter : filaments
filiform : anthers linear-oblong, fixed by the middle. Ovary 4-celled : style
filiform, erect, exserted : stigma cajiitate, 4-lobed. Capsule linear, short,
4-sided, imperfectly 4-celled, 4-valved. Seeds numerous, with a coma or
tuft of long hairs at the chalaza. — A much branched low or decumbent
canescently pubescent somewhat shrubby plant, with crowded lanceolate
entire or denticulate sessile leaves, the lower ones opposite, those of the
branches alternate. Flowers in loose spikes terminating the branches, large,
erect-spreading, with short foliaceous bracts : calyx and petals bright red.

A remarkable genus, with flowers resembling a Fuchsia, but with the fruit
of an Epilobium. We find the ovary 4-celled, not 1-celled as described by Presl.

' Z. Californica (Presl I 1. c.) — Hook. 4* Am.! bat. Beechey, p. 140 Sf
supjd. p. 340. Z. Californica & Mexicana, Presl, I. c.

a. leaves lanceolate-linear, narrow, canescently pubescent.

p. leaves rather broader and, with the branches, villous-canescent ; flowers
rather smaller ; the calyx dull red.

Monterey and St. Francisco, California, Menzies .' Hanke ! Douglas !
&fc. — This genus is first noticed in Koenig & Sims' Annals of Botany (vol. 1.
p. 543), but not named or described.

2. EPILOBIUM. Linn.; G^srtn. fr. t. 31.

Tube of the calyx not prolonged beyond the ovary ; the limb deeply
4-cleft, campanulate or infundibuliform, or 4-parted to the base witli the
segments spreading, deciduous. Petals 4, spreading or rather erect. Stamens
8, the 4 alternate often a little shorter : anthers elliptical or roundish, fixed
near the middle. Stigma clavate (the lobes connivent), or with 4 spreading

Epilobium. ONAGRACEyE. 487

or revolute lobes. Capsule linear, 4-sidcil, 4-celled, 4-valve(I. Seeds nu-
merous, ascending ; the clialaza furnished with a coma or tuft of long hairs.
—Perennial herbs, with alternate or opposite nearly sessile denticulate or
entire leaves, often fascicled. Flowers rose-color, purple, or white, very
rarely yellow, nodding before expansion.

§ 1 . Flowers large, {purple or violet) : limb of the calyx divided nearly to
the apex of the ovary, often colored, spreading : petals spreading, entire :
stamens and style declined or dejlexed : lobes of the stigma linear {ovules
in 2 rows, Spach) : leaves scattered. — Chamjenerion, Touni.

•"l. E. angustifolium (Linn.) : stem erect, simple, mostly glabrous ; leaves
sessile, lanceolate, nearly entire or with slightly undulate margins, the veins
pellucid ; flowers in a long spicate raceme, bracteate ; petals unguiculate,
obovate ; st^le at length deflexed. — Linn.! spec. 1. p. 347; Engl. bot. t.
1947; Michx.! fl. 1. p. 223; Lehm.! in Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 205.
E. spicatum, Lam. diet. 2. p. 273, Sfill. gen. t. 278 ; Torr.! fl. 1. p. 391 ;
DC! prodr. 3. p. 40.

In waste places and along streams, especially where forests have been
recently cut down. Pennsylvania! and New England States! to New-
foundland ! Arctic America to lat. 69°, N. W. Coast and Islands ! and
Oregon! July. — H Stem often 4-6 feet high. Flowers large, in a virgate
raceme, purplish-lilac-color (sometimes white, Pursh). Style about the
length of the stamens, hairy at the base, or glabrous. Capsules canescent.
Willoiv-hcrb.

'/"'2. E. latifolium (Linn.) : stem ascending, often branched ; leaves ovate
or ovate-lanceolate, sessile, nearly entire, somewhat pubescent, rather thick
and rigid, the veins not apparent; flowers axUlary and terminal, on short
pedicels ; style somewhat erect, glabrous, shorter than the stamens.
—Linn. ! siyec. \.p. 347 ; Fl. Dan. t. 365 ; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 259 ; Lehm. !
in Hook. I. c.

p. leaves narrowly lanceolate, entire ; stem and flowers smaller. Pursh, I. c.

Throughout Arctic America from Greenland ! and Labrador ! to Sitcha!
and Kotzebue's Sound ! and on the Rocky Mountains to lat. 52°, Douglas !
— 11 Flowers larger than in E. angustifolium, pur])le. Capsules canescent.

3. E. opacum (Lehm.) : stem erect, pubescent ; leaves nearly sessile, nar-
rowly lanceolate, mostly entire; the veins opaque ; flowers (few) axillary,
solitary, peduncled ; style reflexed, glabrous, shorter than the stamens. —
Lehm. ! in Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 205.

Banks of the Oregon, Douglas ! Dr. Scouler ! — The flowers and capsules,
according to Lehmann, resemble those of E. latifolium, but the leaves are
more like E. angustifolium.

§ 2. Flowers large, yelloic : limb of the calyx divided to the apex of the ova-
ry, erect-spreading : petals somewhat spreading, obcordate : stamens erect,
included : style filiform, exserted, slightly declined : stigma thick ; the
lobes o'oal, dilated : coma of the seeds short, ferruginous : loiver leaves op-
posite, the upper alternate. — Chrysonekion.

4. E. luteum (Pursh) : stem erect, marked with 2-4 decurrent pubescent,
lines ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, sessile, membranaceous, glabrous, denticulate

488 ONAGRACE^. Epilobium.

with rigid teeth ; the lowermost opposite ; flowers axillary, at length pedicel-
late ; lobes of the calyx lanceolate, acute, rather shorter than the obcordate
petals ; style filiform ; stigma with 4 spreading lobes ; capsules linear.
— Piirsh .' Ji.l' p- 259 ; DC. ! 2^rodr. 3. ]). 44 ; Chaju. Sf Schlecht. ! in Lin-
ntea, 2. p. 553 ; Bongard ! veg. Sitcha, I. c, p. 135.

N. W. Coast, Pallas ! Sitcha, Bmgard ! Unalaschka, Chamisso ! Ore-
gon, Mr. Tolmic ! — IX Stem 1-2 feet high. Leaves 2-3 inches long.
Flowers as large as in E. latifolium. Anthers oblong. Capsule a little
pubescent.

§ 3. Flowers small {white) : limb of the calyx campanulale at the base: j)e-
tals slightly spreading, obcordate : stamens erect, included : style filiform,
much exserted, erect : stigma thick, ivith 4 spreading oblong lobes : capsule
slwrt, clavate-oblong : coma very long : leaves opi^osite. — Cordtlopho-
RUM, Nutt. mss.

5. E. suffruticosum (Nutt. ! mss.) : " stems numerous, decumbent, much
branched ; leaves opposite, linear-lanceolate, enthe, rather obtuse, somewhat
canescent; flowers axillary ; calyx deeply cleft ; the segments rather shorter
than the (white) petals ; capsules clavate, narrowed at each end, on very
short pedicels.

" Gravelly banks of streams, east of Wallawallah. — A very remarkable
species, spreading out in tufts on the ground ; the young leaves hoary, nearly
an inch long, and about 3 lines wide. Flowers near the ends of the branches.
Style much exserted, erect [a little declined in the dried specimens] . Cap-
sule canescent, less than an inch in length, thickened in the middle." Nuttall.
— The flowers of this curious species are scarcely larger than those of E. pa-
lustre ; the base of the calyx campanulate ; the ovary ovoid-clavate, and
about the length of the style ; but the mature fruit resembles that of a Go-
detia, is attenuate towards the apex, slightly incurved, rather obtuse at the
base, and borne on a short filiform pedicel.

§ 4. Flowers mostly small {reddish or white) : limb of the calyx campanulate
or infundibuUform : petals and stamens erect: style erect, included: stig-
ma clavate {the lobes connate or at length rarely expanding) : ovules in a
single roio: lower leaves commonly opposite, the upper- often alternate.
— Epilobium proper. (Lysimachion, Tausch.)

6. E. alpinum (Linn.) : stem creeping at the base, usually with 2 pubes-
cent lines ; leaves opposite, ovate or ovate-oblong, sessile, or slightly pe-
tioled, obscurely denticulate or nearly entire, glabrous ; stigina undivided ;
capsules mostly pedicelled. — Linn.! sp)ec. 1. p. 348; Willd. ! spec. 2.
p. 318.

a. small ; leaves mostly sessile, nearly entire; flowers at first sessile. — E.
alpinum, Fl. Dan. t. 332 ; Engl. hot. t. 2001 ; Pursh, fi. 1. p. 3G0 ;
DC! prodr. 3. p. 41 ; Lchm.. ! in Hook. ! jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 205.

/?. stem larger, nodding at the summit ; leaves oblong, denticulate. Lchm. !
I. c. E. alpinum var. nutans, Horncm. in fl. Dan. t. 1387, ex Lehm.
E. Hornemanni, Rcichenb. ic. ])l. rar. t. 180 ; DC. I. c, ex Lehm.

y. stem taller (G-12 inches) ; leaves slightly petioled, denticulate, some-
what ovate, the uppermost acuminate ; flowers larger. — E. alpinum /?. ma-
jus, Wahl. fl. Suec. 1. jy. 234. E. alpinum, Bigel. ! fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 147.

Epilobium. ONAGRACEiE. 489

E. origanifolium. Lam. did. 2. p. 37f) ; DC. t. c. : Lrhni. .' I. r. E. alsiui-
fbliuin, FUL ; E)ts(t. Bol. t. 2000.

Arctic America from (Trenilaml ! to llio N. W. Coast ! and on tlic ivocky
Mountains to the sources of tlic Platic! ft. 6c y. ('anada, Airs. Pfrri ail'.'
White Mountains of New IlMm])sliire, Mr.Oalces! Moimtains of Essex
County, New York ! — H Flowers small, pale rose-color. Fruit almost ill-
ways ])edicellatc. — We have seen no specimens corresponding with the
larger Euro|ieMn t()rms of E. origanilolium, but the American sjiccinicns
appear intermediate betweiMi this and E. Mlpinmn.

7. £. ({^'rtf (Bongard) : >lcm erect, slightly branciied ; leaves oj)posiie,
sessile, ovate-lanceolate, irregidarly serrulate-foolhed, slightly jiubescent;
flowers small, sessile; petals obcordate, 2-cleft, scarcely longer than the
calyx ; stigma clavate, undivided. Bonsard, res;. SilcJta, I. c. j). 1:35.

fi. ? fasiigiafum {Nuit.i mss.) : " smaller, glabrous; stems several from
the same root, simple ; leaves l)arUy clasjiing, irregularly and minutely den-
ticulat(>."

Sitcha, Bovgard. P. Plains of the Oregon, Nuttall ! — Tlie plant of Bon-
gard is said to be li-2 feet high: that of Nuttall about half tlic size.

8. E. roseum (Schrcb.) : stems cccspitose, erect; leaves on sliort somewhat
clasping petioles, oblong, acute at each end, closely dendculate-serratc, jiu-
berulent along the margin and veins, the lower ones opposite ; flowers sub-
sessile, the fruit pedicelled; petals much longer than the calyx ; stigma un-
divided.— SrJirch. ji. Lips. p. 147; Rcichenb. ic. rar. 2. t. 190; DC. I. c;
Bo7i£rard, rcg. Sitdia, I. c. p. 135.

Sitcha, Bongard. — H Stem branching, many-flowered, with 2-4 decurrent
pubescent lines, a foot or more high. Petals 2-cleft.

'f 9. E. telragonum (Lirni.) : stem erect, branciiing, 4-sided, nearly glabrous;
leaves opposite, oblong-lanceolate, glandularly denticulate-serrulate; the mid-
dle ones more or less decurrent along (lie angles of tlie stem, the lower slightly
petioled; petals emarginate ; stigma clavate ; capsules })edicelled, minutelv
pubescent.— i'no-/. io/. t. 1948; Fl. Dan. t. 1029; DC I. c; Lehnu! in
Hook.Jl. Bor.-Ani. 1. p. 20(5.

ft. giandidosum : stem simjile or nearly so, a little cree])ing at the base,
the angles slightly ])ubescent. — E. glandulosum, Lehm.! I. r.

Canada! to lat. 64°, and Oregon! and N. W. Coast! On the high moun-
tains of Carolina, Michaux. — li Stem 1-2 feet high, nearly terete above.
Flowers small, rose-color. — Hooker remarks that lie cannot distinguish un-
branehed specimens of E. tctragonum from E. glandulosum, Lehm., and
Nuttall has observed that tiie mature capsules of the latter are not sessile, but
have slender pedicels. He thinks, however, that E. glandulosum is annual,
and inclines to think it distinct.

10. E. coloratum (Muhl.) : stem nearly terete, erect, much branched, \m-
berulent; leaves mostl}' opposite, lanceolate, acute, on very short petioles,
denticulate-serrulate, the veins often reddish; petals 2-cleft at the apex; stig-
ma clavate; caj^sules on short pedicels, slightly pubescent. — Muld.! in
Willd. enum. I. p. 411 ; Ntdt. gen. 1. p. 250; Torr.! fl. 1. p. 392; Lehm.!
in HooJc. I. c.; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 239. E. tetragonum, Pursh,fl. 1. p.
259 ; Ell. I. c.

Swampy thickets and ditches, from the Saskatchawan ! and Northern
States! to the mountains ot Georgia, and west to Missouri and Oregon ! July-
Aug. — U Stem 1-3 feet high, at lengtli greatly branched. Flowers smeill,
purplish. Stamens unequal. Stjde almost exserted. — The whitish dots,
both linear and roundish, on the cuticle of the leaves are very distinct in this

62

490 ONAGRACE^. Epilobium.

species, but they also exist in many others, as well as in Oenothera and
Ludwigia. This species is very nearly allied to E. tetragonuni.

^'11. E. molle (Torr.) : clothed with a very soft and dense velvety pubes-
cence ; stem terete, strict, at length much branched above ; leaves alternate
and opposite, crowded, sessile, lanceolate or oblong-linear, rather obtuse,
mostly entire; petals deeply emarginate, twice the length of the calyx;
stigma large, turbinate-clavate ; capsules elongated, on very short pedicels. —
Torr..' fl. 1- JJ. 393, not oi Lam. E. strictum, Muld. cat. ; ^'prtng. syst. 2.
p. 233; Beck, hot.jJ- 117.

In sphagnous swamps, Western part of New York ! to New Jersey ! and
Pennsylvania. Sept. — (i) Stem at first nearly simple. Flowers larger than
in E. coloratum, pale purple or rose-color. Capsules about 3 inches long. —
A very distinct species.

12. E. palustre (Linn.): stem terete, (at length) branched, clothed with a
minute crisped pubescence ; leaves lanceolate, rather acute, attenuate at the
base, nearly sessile, entire or obsoletely denticulate, the lower ones opposite ;
petals rose-color, about twice the length of the calyx ; stigma clavate ; cap-
sules pubescent, on short pedicels. — Linn. spec. \.p. 348; Engl. hot. t. 346;
Lehm. in Hook.fl. Bor.-Am. l.p. 207.

/?. albifloru7n (Lehm. ! 1. c.) : stem slender, at first simple, minutely pubes-
cent; leaves linear, slightly denticulate; capsules canescent. — E. palustre
var. albescens, Walil. Jl,. Suec. 1. p. 234; Richards. ! appx. Franld. journ.
eel. 2. p. 12. E. oliganthum, Michx.! jl. 1. p. 223. E. rosmarinifolium,
Pursh! jl. 1. ]). 259. E. lineare, Muhl. cat. p. 39. E. squamatum, Nutt.!
gen. 1. p. 250; DC! I. c. E. Dahuricum, Fischer; DC. I. c. ex Lehm.
E. tenellum, densum, & leptophyllum? Raf. in Desv.jour. hot. : DC. I. c.

In swamps, Labrador and Northern States ! P. In sphagnous swamps,
Northern parts of New York! Pennsylvania! and New England States! to
Arctic America! and Oregon! Aug. — 11 1 Stem 1-2 feet high, at length
much branched. — Dr. Richardson and Prof. Lehmann we think correctly
refer this plant to E. palustre. As commonly met with in Pennsylvania and
New Jersey, it differs from the European E. palustre only in its somewhat
narrower leaves ; the flowers being frequently rose-color. In deep sphagnous
swamps and more northern regions, it is a smaller plant, often unbranched,
with white or very pale rose-colored flowers. According to Lehmann, a
similar variety is found in Northern Germany. The base of the stem often
bears small scale-like bulbs, as observed by Nuttall.

13. E. minutum (Lindl.) : stem erect or ascending, branching, puberu-
lent; leaves mostly alternate, elliptical-lanceolate, rather obtuse, nearly en-
tire, slightly pubescent; flowers minute, nodding before expansion; stigma
clavate, at length expanded and fimbriate ; petals (pale rose-color) obcordafe ;
capsules short, somewhat pedicelled, slightly arcuate, at length erect. Lindl. !
in Hook.Jl. Bor.-Am. l.p. 207. Crossostigma Lindleyi, Spacli, Onagr. p. 84.

0 ? foliosum : leaves linear-spatulate, nearly glabrous, Avith smaller ones
fascicled in the axils; petals nearly white. — E. foliosum, Nutt.! ?nss.

On moist rocks, Oregon, Menzies, Dr. Scolder! Douglas! Nuttall!
/?. Dry rocks, Oregon and the Rocky Mountains of California, Nuttall! — (T)
Stem 8-12 inches high, often branched from the base. Leaves small, rather
thick, with pellucid dots. Petals a little longer than the calyx. Capsules
about an inch long.

. • 14. E. paniculatum (Nutt. ! mss.) : glabrous, or glandular-pubescent above ;
stem erect, slender, terete, dichotomous above ; leaves narrowly linear, ob-
scurely serrulate, acute, attenuate at the base, mostly alternate and lascicled;
the uppermost subulate ; flowers few, terminating the spreading filiform and

CEnotiikua. ONAGRACEiE. 491

almost leafless branrhes; pedicels pubescent ; tube of the calyx infundibuli-
forni ; petals obcoidate, nearly twice the leugth of tiic calj'X-lobes ; capsules
short, acute al each end, straight or a little curved, erect or spreading.

Oregon, near Fort Vancouver and Straits of Da Fuca, Dr. Scouler! Mr.
Tobnie! Plains of the Oregon and Rocky Mountains, common, Nutlnll ! —
(l) Stem 1-3 feet high, very much branched ; the brandies naked and very
slender. Flowers nearly as huge as in K. palustre, pale red. Stigma
at length 4-lobed. Capsules abuut an inch long. — A very remarkable spe-
cies, wliicii we first received from Dr. Scouler several years since ; but it Ls
omitted in Hooker's Flora. Some of our specimens from Mr. Tolmie,
kindly comnmnicated by the generous Hooker, are glabrous throughout ;
while others have a fine glandular pubescence.

E. rosmarinifolium (Hnenkc) is not a North American plant.

E. puhescens (Koi\\), wliich Koch refers to E. parviflorum, Schreb., is given by
PresI in the Reliquaj Htenkeanaj as a native of Nootka. His plant is perliaps our
E. palustre /3. albiflorum.

E. divaricatam (Rsif.) (Stem with spreading branches, glabrous ; leaves oppo.
site, petiolcd ; petals lanceolate, acute, glabrous, unequally denticulate. Raf. in
Desv. Jour. hot. ; DC. I. c.) is too imperfectly characterized for identification ; and
if the description be correct as far as it goes, the plant probably belongs to some
other genus.

Subtribe 2. Q^^notherea:. — Calyx deciduous from the summit of tlie ovary
after flowering. Seeds naked. — Leaves alternate. The stamens opposite
the petals sometimes imperfect.

3. (ENOTHERA. Linn. ; Juss. gen. p. 319.

Tube of the calyx prolonged beyond the ovary, deciduous; the segments 4,
reflexed. Petals 4, equal, mostly obcordate or obovate, scarcely unguiculate.
Stamens 8^ nearly equal, or unequal. Ovary 4-celled, with numerous hori-
zontal or ascending ovules in each cell : stigma 4-lobed or capitate. Capsule
various in form and texture, 4-valved, many-seeded ; the dissepiments
sometimes evanescent : placenta either persistent in the axis, or cohering
•vsath the dissepiments. Seeds naked, rarely margined at the chalaza or
with a cristate appendage. — Herbs or sometimes suffrutescent plants (chiefly
American), with alternate leaves, and axillary or terminal (often nocturnal or
vespertine) flowers.

In the arrangement of this large genus, we have derived much assistance from
Mr. Spach's minute Monographia Onagreariim (published in tlie fourtli volume of
the Nouvelles Annales du Museum, a synopsis of which appeared in the Annales
des Sciences Nuturelles for lS3^i), althougli we do not adopt any of that author's
genera, except as sections. The seeds of tE. (Megapterium) Missouriensis, which
appears not to have ripened its fruit in Europe, have a curious membranous crest,
which, wi'.h the broadly winged capsules, give this species perhaps a better claim to
the rank of a genus than Godctia with its minutely bordered chalaza ; but there is
no otlier peculiurity, and an approach to this appendage is seen in CE. (Lavauxia)
triloba. '1 he genus Sphasrostigma is adopted by excellent botanists ; but if the
species with a globose stigma ere to be separated, they should form at least half a
dozen genera, and basides, we have a gradual transition to the ordinary stigma
of (Eoothera.

492 ONAGRACE.E. CEnothera.

§ 1. Stigma cruciately i-jmrted, the lobes mostly elongated: tube of the calyx
much 'produced, linear, cylindrical, or somewhat A-angled, slightly dilated at
the summit : ^-'ctoZs mostly obovate or ohcordate {never lilac or purple) :
stamens scarcely unequal, often a little declined: anthers linear or linear-ob-
long, fixed near the middle, versatile : ccqjsules thick and coriaceous or some-
what ligneous. — Eu(enothp:ra.

* Annual or biennial caulescent herbs : flowers {mostly large) erect before ex-pan.
sion, nocturnal, fugacious, yellow, usually turning to rose-color or violet in
fading : capsule coriaceous, sessile, more or less cylindrical or oblong-conic, 4-
ribbed, somewhat A-sided : seeds very numerous, arid arranged in two rows iii
each cell, nearly horizontal or ascending. — Onagra, Tourr,. (CEnothera & On-
agra, Spach.)

1. CE. biennis (Linn.) : stem erect, mostly simple, usually hirsute ; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, repandly denticulate, acute, more or less pubescent ; flowers
in a terminal somewhat leafy spike ; tube of the cah'x much longer than
the ovary, and from one-half to 2-3 times longer than the segments ;
stamens slightly declined ; capsules oblong, slightly tapering above, obscurely
4-sided or almost terete; the valves 1-ribbed. — Onagra vulgaris & chry-
santha, Spach, I. c.

a. vulgaris : petals a little longer than the stamens, slightly obcordate. —
CE. biennis, Linn. ! spec. 1. p. 346 ,• Michx. ! fl. 1. p. 224 ,- Engl. bot. t.
1534 ; DC! prodr. 3. p. 46 ,- Hoolc. ! fl.. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 209. CE. gauroi-
des, Hornem. hort. Hafn.

p. muricata : petals a little longer than the stamens ; stem and ovaries
strigose-hirsute. — CE. muricata, Murr. in comm. Goett. 6. t. 1 ; Pursh, I. c. ;
FL Dan. t. 1752 ,• DC. I. c.

y. grandiflora : petals large, much longer than the stamens, rather deeply
obcordate. — CE. gi-andiflora. Ait. Kew. {ed. 1.) 2. p. 2 ; Bot. mag. t. 2048.
CE. suaveolens, Desf. cat. (E. Lamarkiana, Seringe, in DC. I. c.

d. parviflora : petals small, about the length of the stamens ; tube of the
calyx 2-3 times the length of the segments ; ovaries slightly hirsute. — CE.
parviflora, Linn..' spec. (ed. 2.) 1. p. 492.

e. cruciata : petals (abortive) linear-oblong, shorter than the stamens;
tube of the calyx 2-3 times the length of the segments ; capsules nearly
glabrous. — CE. cruciata, Nutt. ! in DC. I. c. (under CE. parviflora.)

^. canescens : petals longer than the stamens : stem and leaves canescently
hairy ; capsules canescent.

Throughout N. America from lat. 56° to Florida ! Arkansas ! and Oregon !
and naturalized in Europe. June-Aug. — Stem 1-5 feet high. Flowers
mostly pale yellow. — Many other varieties of this common and variable
species might be given : certainly none of them deserve the rank of species. —
Evening Primrose.

2. CE. bifrons (Don) : pubescent ; stem erect, often branching above ;
leaves oblong or ovate, the upper ones short, closely sessile and somewhat
cordate, denticulate ; spikes elongated ; bracts ovate-cordate ; tube of the
calyx very slender, much longer than the segments and many times longer
than the slightlj^ hairy ovary ; petals (rather large) entire, about the length
of the stamens ; capsules prismatic-cylindrical, nearly glabrous. — Don, in
Brit.fl. gard. {ser. 2) t. 386; Hook.! bot. mag. t. 3764. CE. heterophylla,
Spach, Onagr. p. 28 ?

Texas, Drummond ! — This species is allied to CE. biennis, but appears to

CEnotiif.ra. ONAGRACE^. 493

be distinct. Tlie youna; fruit is more slender, sometimes ineiirved, and of
tlie sjmie diameter tliroiiyhoiil. It is |)rol)al)ly tlie (K. lieterojiliylla of
S])aeli ; but we do not ol)serve tlie deejjly siuuate-toullied lower leaves, nor
the hirsute-lomentose ovaries.

3. CK. Drummondii (Hook.) : elothed with a soft pubescenee ; stem de-
cumbent ; leaves ovate-elliptieal or oblonjr, rather obtuse ; the lower ones
tapcrini!; into a petiole, somewhat sinuately tooliied, the upi)er ones obseurely
denticulate ; flowers {very larsje) axillary ; tube of the calyx equalling in
length the segments and the hirsute ovary; petals much longer than the
slightly declined stamens, a little exceeding the calyx-segments ; capsules
(iminature) cylindrical, elongated, hirsute-i)ubescent, slightly pedicelled. —
Hot)]:. ! hut. muff. I. 3.3G1 ; Spach, Onaar. p. 28.

Texas, Drummnnd ! — Stem about 2 feet long, thick. Floral leaves as
long as the tube of the calyx. Corolla about 3 inches in breadth. Ovary
an inch long : style about the length of tlie petals.

4. CE. Jaincsii: canescently strigose; stem decumbent; leaves oblong-
lanceolate, rcpandly denticulate, acute ; flowers (ver^^ large) ]taniculate at
the summit of the stem ; tube of the calyx (very long) more than twice the
length of the segments and many times longer than the ovary ; petals
scarcely longer than the slightly declined stamens ; anthers very long, fixed
below the middle ; style exseried ; ovary cylindrical.

On tlie Platte or Canadian Kiver, Dr. James ! — Leaves (upper ones) 3-5
inches long, clothed ecpially on both sides with a short appressed rough
pubescence. Bracts rat lier sliortcr than the ovary. Calyx eaiieseent : the
tube rather stout, 3-4 inches long, a little curved, slightly dilated at the
summit. Petals apparently' yellow, turning to rose-color. Anthers three-
fourths of an inch in length. Stigmas linear, rather thick. Ovary less than
an inch in lengUi, canescent. Fruit unknown. — ^Wc have only an imperfect
specimen of this apparently very distinct species.

5. CE. HooJceri: canescently pubescent and somewhat villous; stem
erect, angled ; leaves lanceolate, sessile, rather acute, obseurely denticulate,
not undulate ; flowers (large) sessile, in a leafy spike ; calyx villous ; the
tube twice the length of the ovarj', rather shorter than the slightly acuminate
segments; petals obcordate, about the length of the style; siignias linear,
somewhat thickened; capsules short. — CE. odorata? Hook. S^' Am..' lot.
Beechei/, suppl. p. 343, scarcely of .Jacq.

California, Douglas ! — Stem stout and tall, strict, strongly angled: pubes-
cence soft and minute, with long and coarser hairs intermixed. Petals
apparently yellow, turning to rose-color. Ripe fruit unknown. — This plant
differs from CE. odorata (which is said to be a native of Patagonia) in its
plane leaves, which are not attenuated to a sharp point, its perfectly sessile
ovaries, &c., and is besides more hairy. In the collection of Dr. James,
made near the sources of the Platte or Canadian, we have a fragment ap-
parently of the same species.

-f- — 6. CE. rhombipetola (Nutt. ! mss.) : minutely pubescent ; stem tall,
erect ; leaves linear-lanceolate, obscurely denticulate, acute ; the lower ones
elongated, tapering into a short petiole ; the radical ones somewhat jMnnatifid
or sinuate; spike strict, elongated ; bracts foliaceous, much shorter than Uie
(rather large) flowers; tube of the calyx very slender, rather longer than
the segments and several times longer than the ovary ; petals rhombic-
obovate, acute or acuminate, shorter than the style and about the length of
the stamens ; anlliers inserted near the base ; capsules very small, cylin-
drical.

Plains of Red River, Arkansas, Nuttall ! Dr. Engelmann. Woods near

494 ONAGRACEiE. CE.nothera.

Fort Gibson, Dr. Leavemvorth ! June. — A remarkable species, with some-
what the habit of Q5. biennis. Flowers very numerous. Petals narrowed
at the base. Filaments and style almost capillary. Anihers linear.

J- 7. CE. sinuata [Ijinn.) : pubescent or villous ; stems ascending or decum-
! bent, simple or branching from the base ; leaves oblong or lanceolate,
sinuate-toothed or often pinnatifid, the lower ones petioled ; flowers (small)
axillary ; calyx villous ; the tube longer than the very hairy ovary, and twice
or thrice the lengtli of the segments ; petals al)out tlie length of the stamens
and style (pale yellow, turning to rose-color) ; capsules cylindrical or slightly
prismatic, elongated, straight or often arcuate. — Linn. ! niant. p. 228 ; Murr.
in comm. Goctt. 5. t. 9 ; Willcl. ! spec. 2. p. 309 ; Michx.! fl. 1. p. 224 ;
Ell. sTc. 1. p. 443 ; DC. prodr. 3. p. 48 ; Spach ! I. c. Lysimachia comi-
culata maritima, &c., Pluk. aim. t. 203, f. 3.

p. minima (Nutt.) : stem small, 1-flowered ; leaves denticulate or nearly
entire. — Hook. ! bat. mag. t. 3392. ffi. minima, Pursh, fl. 1. p. 262, t. 15.

y. hirsiita : canescently hirsute throughout ; stem stout, erect or ascend-
ing.— CE. Mexicana, Spach! Onagr. p. 17.

6. humifusa : canescent, procumbent ; leaves smaller, sinuate-toothed or
almost entire. — QE. humifusa, Nutf. ! gen. 1. p. 245, not oi' Lindl. hot. reg.!

In fields and grassy places. New Jersey ! to Florida ! Louisiana ! and
Texas. /?. In sandy fields, New Jersey ! and Southern States ! y. Texas,
Drummond! S. On the sea-shore, Florida, Dr. Baldicin ! Mr. Cozzens !
Dr. Leavenworth ! May-June. — Flowers about the size of those of CE. pu-
mila. Calyx-segments often toothed near the tip. Ca])sules 1-li inch in
length, obtuse or truncate. Seeds minutely favose. — The var. /?. is a vernal
form of the species, growing in barren soil ; y. is a more hairy state, of which
we have numerous intennediate forms ; and i. is a maritime variety.

* * Annual or perennial caulescent herbs : flowers {rather large) nodding before
expansion, diurnal, white or flesh-color, turning to rose-color, odorous : tube of
the calyx linear, slender : capsule rather coriaceous, linear, prismatic-cylindri.
cal, sessile : seeds terete, ascending, arranged in a single row in each cell. —
Anogra, Spach.

8. CE. pinnatifida (Nutt.) : annual, decumbent, jiubescent or puberulent;
leaves deeplj'' pinnatifid, with linear or lanceolate acute segments ; the radi-
cal ones often nearly entire ; flowers axillary, very large ; segments of the
calyx rather shorter than the tube, and much shorter than the broadly obcor-
date petals ; style filifonn, shorter than the petals but exceeding the stamens ;
stigmas filiform, divaricate, as long as the anthers ; capsules prismatic-cylin-
drical, striate-grooved, somewhat tapering towards the apex. — Nutt. ! gen. 1.
p. 247, not of 'if. B. Sf K. CE. albicaulis, Pursli, fl. 2. p. 274, not of Nutt.
CE. Purshii, Don, syst. gard. Sf hot. 2. |?. 688.

a. minutely puberulent, and slightly canescent when young.

p. minutely puberulent and hirsutely pubescent ; floAvers a little smaller.

Plains of the Platte and Missouri, Bradbury ! Nuttcdl ! Dr. James !
May-June. — Stem low, or sometimes 1-2 feet long. Corolla 2-3 inches in
diameter. Anthers long and slender. Capsules about an inch long. " Seeds
ovoid, gi'ooved and punctate." Nutt. — Mr. Nuttall now supposes that he
formerly confounded two species under this name, and proposes the name of
CE. Bradburiana for our var. a. from which the original description seems to
have been chiefly taken ; but we are confident that they are foiTns of the
same species.

9. CE. trichocalyx (Nutt. ! mss.) : " perennial or biennial, somewhat ca-
nescently puberulent ; stem nearly simple, erect ; leaves all pinnatifid ; the

CEnothera. ONAGRACEiE. 495

segments short, entire, obtuse ; flowers axillary (rather small) ; calyx when
young villous with very long flat hairs ; the segments shorter than the tube
and the roundish petals; stamens and style shorter tlian the petals; stigmas
short ; capsules cylindrical.

" Plains of the Platte in the Rocky Mountains. June. — Stem about a
foot high. Leaves crowded, the younger ones somewhat canescent [and
sprinkled wiili hirsute flattish hairs] ; tin- terminal lobe of the lower leaves
oblong and entire. Flowers white, turning lo rose-color. Seeds not punc-
tate." JXutUtU.

■i — 10. CE. roronnpifolia : perennial? niiruitely ])ul)esrenl and strigose; stem
ascending or erect ; leaves i)ectinate-pinnatilid, with linear acute segments ;
the lowermost somewhat entire ; flowers (small) axillary; tube of the calyx
filiform, abru])tly dilated at tiie summit, villous in the throat ; the segments
linear-lanceolate, shorter than the tube, longer than the entire roundish pe-
tals ; stamens shorter than the petals ; style exserled ; stigmas rather short
and thick ; ovaries hirsute. — GE. pinnatifida, Torr. ! in ann. lye. New York,
2. p. 201, not of Nut t.

Forks of the Platte, Dr. James! — Leaves crowded. Corolla about an inch
broad when expanded. Fruit unknown.

11. CE. j^aUida (Dous^i.) : perennial, glabrous; root creeping; stems as-
cending, very smooth, whitish, branched above ; leaves lanceolate or linear,
acute, entire or remotely serrulate or denticulate ; the radical ones sometimes
runcinately toothed or pinnatifid towards the base ; flowers (rather small)
axillary and terminating the branches ; calyx glabrous or with scattered
hairs ; the tube much longer than the ovary, and about twice the lenjjth of
the segments; petals retuse or erose-crenulate, scarcely longer than the sta-
mens and style ; capsules cylindrical (v.hite), somewhat contorted. — Dougl.
in hot. rcg. t. 1142 ; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. \. p. 210.

0. lej)tophrjlla : leaves narrowly linear. — CE. leptophylla, Nutt. .' 7nss.

Conmiou in dry sandy soil west of the Rocky mountains, Douglas ! Mr.
Tolmie! P. Plains near the sources of the Platte, Nuttall ! — Stem 6 inches
to 2 feet high, rather woody at the base, with numerous spreading branches.

-^12. CE. alhicaulis (Nutt.) : perennial ; stem erect, branched above, very
smooth and shining, white ; leaves linear or somewhat lanceolate, mostly en-
tire, acute, minutely pubescent beneath ; flowers axillary (rather small) ;
tiibe of the calyx longer than the ovary, and rather longer than the segments;
petals "roundish, entire, shorter than the calyx segments and ab(jut the
length of the stamens ;" style exserted ; capsules prismatic-cylindrical,
straight, truncate, nearly glabrous. — Null, in Fraser, cat., S^-gen.\.p. 245;
Torr. ! in arm. bjc. NewYork, 2. p. 201 ; Hvok.jl. Bor.-Am. \. p. 210 ; not
oC Pursh. Anogra Nuttalliana, Spach, I. c.

Barrens along the Platte, Nuttall, Dr. James! Saskatchawan, Drummond.
— Calyx puberuleut.

* * * Annual, biennial, or mostly perennial caulescent kerbs : flowers mostly di.
urnal : tube of the calyx linear-clavate : capsule obovate or clavate, often pedi-
cellate, with 4 carinate or winged angles and 4 intermediate ribs, tardily de.
hiscent, cartilaginous, the dissepiments often etanescent : seeds very numerous,
irregular or in several rows, horizontal ; testa membranaceous : leaves marked
with minute linear and roundish pellucid dots. — CEnotherium, Seringe, (excl.
spec.)

t Flowers (large and showy) nodding before expansion, fragrant, white turning to
rose-color in fading : capsule almost ligneous. (Xylopleurum, Spach.)

496 ONAGRACE^. CEnotheka.

13. CE. s27cdosa (Nutt.) : perennial, piiberulent ; stems erect or ascend-
ing, flexuoiis, olten branching; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, atten-
uate at the b;ise; the radical and lower caulinc ones pinnatifid, or pinnalely
toothed towards tiie base, petioled ; the uppermost denticulate or remotely
toothed; Howers (large) in a loose at length elongated sj)ike ; tube of the
calyx longer than tlie ovary, but shorter than tlie conspicuously acuminate
scnnents ; capsules slightly pedicelled, thick and almost ligneous, clavate-
obovatc, rather acute, strongly 8-ribbed, the alternate ribs cristate. — Nutt. !
in jour. acad. Phllad. 2.p'. 119 ; Hook. e.rot.Jl. t. 80 ; DC! j'rodr. 3. p. 60.
Xylopleurum Nuttallii, Drummondii, and obtusifolium, Spach .' Onagr.
p. 51.

a. puberulent or canescently pubescent ; bracts shorter than the slightly
pedicelled capsules. — GE. speciosa, Nutt.! I.e.; Don, in Brit. Ji. gard. ser. 2.
t. 253 ; Hook. hot. mag. t. 3189/ Spach! I. c.

p. bracts foliaceous, the lowermost as long as the tube of tlie calyx ; cap-
sules slightly pedicelled.

y. minutely puberulent ; bracts mostly foliaceous, shorter than the tube of
the calvK ; pedicels in the lower flowers as long as the capsules.

Eed' Iliver, Arkansas, Nidtall ! Dr. Pitcher! Texas, Drummoid ! —
Stem often a little woody at the base, varying from 6 inches to 2-3 feet high.
Petals very large and broad, slightly obcordate, " yellow at the base, with
several yellowish-green veins." {Hook.) Stamens a little shorter than the
petals. Style longer than the stamens : stigmas linear-filifonn. Alternate
ribs of the capsule almost winged. — The leaves vary considerably in the de-
gree of division, as well as in the pubescence : they exhibit round pellucid
dots under the microscope. The size of the bracts and the length of the pe-
dicels are also variable.

t t Flowers (scarcely odorous) erect before their expansion, diurnal, yellow, un-
changed in fading. (Knciffia, Spach.)

] 14. CE. fruticosa (Linn.) : perennial, hairy or almost glabrous ; stem sim-
' pie or branching above (often purplish), erect; leaves lanceolate or obloug-
lanceolate, re])andly denticulate ; cor^^ml) peduncled, naked below, elongated
in fruit ; tube of the calyx uuich longer than the ovary ; petals (large) broad-
ly obcordate, longer than the acuminate calyx segments and stamens ; cap-
sules oblong-clavate, 4-winged, with intermediate ribs, longer than the pedi-
cels.—Lmra. .' spec. l._25. 456 ; Nutt. gen. 1. p. 247 ; Torr. ! ft. 1. p. 389 ;
DC. ! I. c. ; Hook.! ft. Bor.-Am. 1. j). 212, <^- lot. mag. fol. 3548, (excl.
y. & i.) CE. hybrida, Miclix. ! Ji. 1. p. 225. Kneiffia suffruticosa & flori-
bunda, Spach! I. c.

p. ambigua: corymbs peduncled, sometimes leafy; leaves (membranace-
ous) oblong-lanceolate ; tube of the calyx longer than the segments ; petals
(smaller) longer than broad.— Nutt. ! I. c. ; Torr. ! I. c. ; Hook. ! hot. mag.
i. 3548. CE.^ambigua, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 229 ; DC. I. c. CE. Canadensis,
Gotdie, in Edinh. phil. jour, fide Hook.

y. phijUopus : corymbs sessile, leafy. Hook. I. c. CE. fruticosa. Bat. mag.
I. 332.,' fide Hook. CE. serotina, Don, in Brit. fi. gard. {ser. 2 ) t. 184 ;
Lindl! hot.reg. t. 1840.

,5. incana: leaves elliptical-lanceolate, canescently hairy; corymbs few-
flowered. — Hook.! I. c. CE. incana, Nvtt. I. c.

e. hirsuta: clothed with ^^llous-hirsute hairs; peduncles 1 -few- flowered:
petals longer than broad. — Nutt.! mss. CE. pilosella, Baf. ann. nat. p. 15.

In dry sterile soil, Canada? New York! and Ohio! to Florida and Louisi-
ana! June-Aug. — Stem (1-3 feet high, rigid but not shrubby), leaves, ^c,
varying exceedingly in the degree of pubescence, sometimes almost glabrous.

CEnothera. ONAGRACEiE. 40?

Leaves sessile or slii;htly petioled, marked with minute translucent linear
dots, as in many otiicr species, sometimes memlirauaeeous, olien Hrm.
Flowers hirire : petals ratlier paU; yellow. Capsules sometimes elusicreil,
very short, mostly glabrous, twice the lenglli of the pedifcls, 4-wini;eil (pihe
to the hasc ; the intermediate ril)s strong but not projectini;. — Wc fully airrec
witli Hooker as to the limits of this ]i()lymorplious species, except tliat CK.
Fraseri seems to us a ditlerent sjjecies (aliiioui^di (K. Iruticosa is sometimes
cultivated under tliis name). CR. linearis, which Hooker inclines to consi<ler
a variety, is certmnly distinct, although the jiresent species sometimes Jias al-
most linear-lanceolate leaves.

-'--15. CE. niaiica (M'lchx.) : perennial, very glaijrous and a little glaucous;
stem erect, branching above ; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, sessile, repand-
dcnticulate, mostly obtuse ; flowers (large) in short leafy corj^mbs ; tube of
tlie calyx many times longer than the ovary; petals broadly obovate, emar-
ginate and erosely crenulate at the summit, much longer than tiie acuminate
calyx-segments ; capsules ovoid-oblong, 4-winged, tapering at the base into
a very short pedicel. — Miclix. ! Ji. 1. p. 2124 ; Bot. mag. t. IGOG ,• Lindl. ! hot.
reg. t. 1511. KncifTia glauca, Spark! I. c.

0. Fraseri: leaves ovate-lanceolate, sometimes slightly peliol(;d. — CE.
Fraseri, Pursh,fl. 2. p. 734 ? CE. fruticosa c. Fraseri, Hook. ! bot. mag.fol.
3548. Kneiffia Fraseri, Spach. ! I. c.

"Woods in the valley of the Mississipjii, Micliavx ! Kentucky, Dr. Short !
and in the mountainous portion of Virginia ! and Carolina ! May-Tuly. —
•Stem 2-3 feet high. Leaves 1^-3 inches long, mostly obtuse, sometimes
attenuate to a narrow apex and rather acute, marked with linear dots.
Flowers nearly sessile, very showy. — This is a perfectly glahrous and more or
less glaucous plant, with broader leaves and larger flowers than G5. fruticosa.
It is apparently almost confined to the neighborhood of tiie Alleghany
mountains.

■ 16. CE. r?p«nrt (Nutt.) : biennial, sliglitly pubescent ; leaves linear-lanceo-
late, elongated, attenuate at the base and somewhat petioled, remotely and
obscurely glandular-denticulate or entire; flowers (large) in a somewhat
leafy at length elongated raceme ; tube of the calyx much longer than the
ovary; petals sliglitly obcordatc, longer than the statnens and the acuminate
calyx-segments; cajisulcs oblong-clavate, often shorter than the jjcdicels,
slightly 4-winged, with 4 strong intermediate ribs. — Nutt.! gen. 1. p. 247.

Swamps and river-banks, Quaker-bridge, New Jersey! and from North
Carolina ! to Florida ! June-July. — Stem 2-3 feet high, slender, often vir-
gately branched. Leaves rather thick, mostly obtuse, 2-4 inches long, pubes-
cent along the midrib and margins. Flowers fully as large as in CE. fruti-
cosa. Pedicels of the lower flowers often an inch in length.

■^ T7. CE. linearis (Michx.) : ])erennial? erect; stem slender and often
branched ; leaves linear or narrowly lanceolate, rather obtuse, remotely den-
ticulate or entire; flowers (rather large) somewhat corymbose at the extremity
of the branches; tube of the calyx slender, longer than the ovary, but scarce-
ly exceeding the segments; petals longer than the stamens and calyx-seg-
ments; capsules clavate-turbinate or obovate, mostly pubescent or canescentj
with the alternate angles slightly winged above, tapering at the base into a
slender pedicel. — Michx. ! Ji. 1. p. 225 ; Pursh, I. c. ; Nutt. ! gen. \. p. 248 »
Ell.! sk. 1. p. 444. Kneiffia angustifolia, Spach! I. c. K. maculata,
Spach, I. c. 1

&. stems often decumbent at the base, at length much branclied ; leaves
smaller.

In dry sandy jjlaces, Virginia! to Florida! and Louisiana. 0. Montauk
Point, Long Island! and North Carolina towards the mountains! Aprils

63

498 ONAGRACEiE. CEnothera.

July. — Stems 10-15 inches, or sometimes 2 feet high; the whole plant com-
monly more or less canescently puberulent, at least when young. Leaves
sometimes narrowly linear, sometimes linear-oblong, tapering at the base
and slightly petioled. Flowers at least twice the size of those of OE. pu-
mila ; the fruit corymbose at the summit of the stem or branches, not in an
elongated spike like that species.

18. CE. chrysantha (Michx.) : biennial? pubescent; stem ascending;
leaves lanceolate, rather obtuse, attenuate at the base, entire or obscurely
denticulate, the radical ones obovate-spatulate ; flowers (small) in a rather
crowded spike ; tube of the calyx as long as the ovary and longer than
the segments; petals (orange-yellow) broadly obovate, emarginate, longer
than the stamens ; capsules (nearly glabrous) clavate-oblong, distinctly pedi-
celled; the alternate angles very narrowly winged. — Michx. ! jl. 1. p. 225;
DC. I. c. OE. riparia, Lehm.! 'in HooTc.fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 212, not oi Nutt.
Kneiffia clirysantha, Si^ach ! I. c.

Canada! from Hudson's Bay, Michaux .' Michigan! &c. Near Niagara
Falls, Mr. John Carey! June-July. — Stem a foot or more high, slender,
purplish and glabrous towards the summit. Flowers usually rather smaller
than in (E. pumila, more crowded in a terminal somewhat pedunculate
spike; the capsules less clavate, &c. — The lower capsules of CE. pumila are
not unfrequently pedicellate ; but in this species they are uniformly so, and
the lower pedicels are often as long as the capsules themselves. Michaux
describes the capsules as sessile ; but Mr. Spach remarks that they are pedi-
cellate in the plant of his own herbarium. (E. pusilla, Michx. may also
belong to this species, but Michaux's specimens want the flowers.

19. CE. 2}umila [hinn.): biennial, minutely pubescent ; stem ascending;
leaves lanceolate, mostly obtuse, entire, acute or attenuate at the base, the
radical ones obovate-spatulate; flowers (small) in a loose elongated leafy
spike, the apex nodding before expansion ; tube of the calyx shorter than the
ovary and about the length of the segments ; petals (pale yellow) obcordate,
scarcely longer than the calyx-segments and stamens ; capsules (glabrous)
oblong-clavate, almost sessile ; the alternate angles narrowly winged. — Linn. !
spec. (cd. 2) I. p. 493; Bot. mag. t. 335; Pursh! Jl. 1. p. 262; Seringe!
in DC. jyrodr. 3. p. 51 ; Hook.ji. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 212. Kneifl[aa pumila,
Spach! Onagr.p. 48.

13.? jJusilla: smaller and more pubescent; cajisules a little shorter. — (E.
pusilla, Michx. ! Jl. 1. p. 225. (in fruit only.)

Dry fields, Canada (Hudson's Bay!) and Northern States! to the moun-
tains of South Carolina! June-July. — Stem commonly simple, 6-12 inches
high, minutely puberulent, as also the calyx, capsules, and sometimes the
young leaves ; the latter slightly petioled. In fruit the leafy loose spike is
often 6-8 inches in length, the flowers sometimes commencing near the base
of the stem.

20. CE. Spachiana : annual, minutely pubescent ; stem simple or branch-
ing from the base ; leaves lanceolate or linear, obtuse, entire, attenuate at the
base; flowers (rather small) axillary; tube of the calyx shorter than the seg-
ments ; petals nearly entire, much longer than the calyx-segments and sta-
mens ; capsules (canescently pubescent) obovate-clavate, the alternate angles
carinate or slightly winged towards the summit, tapering to a slender base,
nearly sessile.

Texas, Drummond! — In Sir Wm. Hooker's herbarium this plant is la-
belled "Blemnoderma Drummondii, Spach''' ; but we know not where it is
described, and there is no genus of that name in Mr. Spach's Monagraphia
Onagrearum. It resembles Q3. pumila, and is about the same size, although
the flowers (apparently yellow) are larger, and the fruit resembles that of CE.

CE>oTHKRA. ONAGRACEiE. 499

lint^aris, but is sessile, allliouf^li mufh attenuate at the base. The lobes of tlie
stigma are connivem, but tliis perhaps is nut a constant character.

21. CE. linij'olia (Nutt.) : biennial; stem strict, simple or branched above;
radical leaves oblonjj-spatiilate, petioled ; the cauline ones linear-fililbnn,
crowded and fascirhnl; spikes slender, loosely-flowered; bracts shorter than
the ovary, persistent; (lowers very small; tube of the calyx rather shorter
than the ovary; the segments shorter than the petals; lobes of the stigma
very short; capsules obovate, 4-carinate, nearly sessile, hispidly puberu-
lent. — Null. I in. jour. acad. Philad. 2. 7;. 120,- DC! j^rodr. 3. p. 50.
Knoirtia linifolia, Spach! I. c.

R<xjks and dry hills, Arkansas, NuUall! Dr. Pitcher! Dr. LeavenuorOi !
Western Louisiana, Dr. Hale! Texas, Drummondl Mny-Julv. — Stem
about a foot high, gla1)rous excejjt near the apex. Ca])sules 2-3 Tines long,
slightly 4-carinate when mature, with 1-2 scarcely prominent intermediate
ners-es. — Diflers from tlie other species of the section in its peculiar foliage
and slightly lobed stigma.

* » » * Nearly acaulescent caspitose perennial kerbs, often becoming an.
nual : flowers (rather large) nearly radical, erect before expansion, noctur.
nal, pale yellow {turning to violet or rose.color ?) : tube of the calyx fili.
form, very long, somewhat expanded at the summit : capsules sessile, oval
or obovate, cartilaginous, reticulated, with 4 cristate icings, tardily dehis-
cent, at length both septicidal! and loculicidal: seeds obovate, horizontal,
in two rows in each cell; the testa granulose and variegated, crustaceous. —
Lavauxia, Spach. (partly ?)

22. CE. triloba (Nutt.) : densely caespitose; stems very short; leaves runci-
nate-pinnatifid, petioled, nearly glabrous ; the segments linear-lanceolate,
often toothed ; the terminal lobe elongated, acute, toothed ; tube of the calyx
very long, filiform, dilated at the summit ; the segments linear-lanceolate,
acuminate, rather longer than the 3-ner\'ed and somewhat 3-lobed petals ;
stamens and style somewhat declined, shorter than the j)etals ; capsules
(numerous) sessile, ovoid, 4-winged, apiculate or at length 4-loothed at the
apex, reticulated. — Nutt.! 771 jour. acad. Philad. 2. p. 118; Hook. hot.
mag. t. 2566 ; Bart. fl. N. Arn. t. 37 ,- DC. ! prodr. 3. p. 49. CE. rhizocarpa,
Spreng. syst. 2. p. 230 ; DC. I. c. Lavauxia Nuttalliana, Spach! Onagr.
p. 38, i!. 31,/. 1.

Arid plains, Red River, Arkansas, Nuitall! Dr. Piteher! Dr. Leaven-
worth!— Leaves large, membranaceous. Flowers smaller than in CE.
fruticosa. Tube of the calyx 3-5 inches long, shorter than the radical
leaves. Capsules nearly an inch in length, almost ligneous. Seeds slightly
ascending, granulose. — The capsules are so numerous and form such large
and dense clusters at the surface of the ground, that, according to Nuttall,
the growth of the plant is often stifled and it becomes annual : otherwise it
is perennial.

« * « * * Mostly acaulescent caspitose perennial herbs : flowers {very large)
radical, erect before expansion, nocturnal, fragrant, fugacious, flesh-colored or
white, turning to rose-color: tube of the calyx very long, rather thick, ex.
panded at the summit : capsule pedicellate or nearly sessile, cartilaginous or
coriaceous, oblong-conic or cylindraceous, ^.ribbed, more or less cristate at the
sutures, which are sulcate and often tuberculate, loculicidal: seeds nearly
horizontal, arranged in two rows in each cell, oval-obovate, with a austaceous

500 ONAGRACEiE. CEnothera.

even testa, sulcate and vnth a double crustaccous incurved crest-lihe appendage
along the inner side. — Pachylophis, Spach. (Descr. of the seed from ffi.
marginata.)

X-^3. CE. c(Cspitosa (Nutt.) : almost stemless, caespitose; leaves lanceolate,
•acute, repandiy toothed or nearly entire, attenuate into a long margined
petiole, nearly glabrous; tube of fhe calyx 4 times the length of the carinate
acuminate segments ; petals (very large) deeply obcordafe, longer than the
declined stamens and style; anthers as long as the filaments; capsules,
nearly sessile, oblong-conical, somewliat 4-anglod ; tlie margin of the valves
tuberculate-cristate. — Nutt. ! m Fraser, cat. ; Bot. mas;, t. 1593; Pursh,Jl.
2. p. 735,- Nutt..' gen. 1. p. 246. CE. scapigera, Pursh, fl. 1. p. 263.
Pacliylophis Nuttallii, Spach, Onagr. j)- 36, t. 30,/. 1.

Dry and denuded argillaceous hills, on the banks of the Missouri and
Platte, Lewis, Nuttall ! June-July. — Root very large- and succulent.
Corolla often 3 inches in diameter : the petals very broad, white, with yel-
lowish veins, reddish in withering. Seeds cylindric-ovate. {Nutt.)

24. CE. montana (Nutt. ! mss.) : " stemless, somewhat c«>spitose ; leaves
broadly lanceolate, sinuate-toothed, pubescent on the margins, tapering into
a short petiole ; tube of the calyx about twice the length of the linear-
lanceolate acute (scarcely carinate) segments ; petals (large) broadly obcor-
date ; capsules sessile, cylindrical, conic, striated, even.

"Plains of the Platte in the Rocky Mountains. — Nearly allied to CE.
CEespitosa ; but the petioles and margin of tlie leaves jiubescent, the capsules
not muricate, &c. Tube of the cal^'x about the length of the leaves,"
Nuttall.

J'" 25. CE. marginata (Nutt. ! mss.) : almost stemless, casspitose, villous-
'pubescent, especially along the margin of the leaves ; leaves lanceolate, on
long petioles, pinnatifid-toothed or runcinate ; tube of the calyx longer than
the segments : petals (large) dilated ; capsules pedicellate, oblong-cylindri-
cal, obscurely 4-sidod, ribbed, the margin of the valves slightly tuberculate.
— Hooli. (^' Am. hot. Beechey, suppl. ]). 343.

Rocky Mountains in Upper California, about lat. 42°, Nuttall! Near
the Blue Mountains and on Snake River, Mr. Tolmie. — Leaves sometimes
toothed only towards the base, about the length of the calyx-tube. Flowers
large and handsome. Capsules an inch long (the pedicel about the same
length) coriaceous, hairy. Seeds ovoid, gibbous, appearing grooved along
the inner side by the appendage or fold of the testa on each side of the-
rajihe, extending from near the hilum to the chalaza.

#***«» Decumbent caulescent perennial herbs : flowers (very large) erect
before expansion, diurnal, yellow, scarcely odorous : tube of the calyx very
long, thick, slightly and gradii,ally. dilated near the summit : capsule pedicel,
late, smooth and shining, veinless, coriaceo-membranaceous, tardily dehiscenty
somewhat compressed, very broadly A-winged : seeds ascending, in a single-
row in each cell, oval-obovate, with a crustaceo-membranaceous testa, appendi.
culate with a double membranaceous crest along the inner side from near the-
base to the chalaza. — Megapterium, Spach.

26. CE. Missouriensis (Sims) : stems simple, decumbent : leaves coria-
ceous, lanceolate, acute, tapering into a short petiole, obscurely denticulate,
somewhat canescent when young ; flowers axillar}^ (very large) ; segments
of the calyx much shorter than the tube, about the length of the roundish-
ftabelliform mucronulate petals; stamens and style arcuate-declined; cap-.

fENOTiiERA. ONAGRACEiE. 501

sules pcdicelled, very large, soniewliaf comprossrd, with 4 brnad winps.

Sims, hoi. mair. t. 1592. G*] . inacrof-arpa, Pursli,JI.. 2. p. 734 ; DC. jnodr. .'!.
p. 47 ; Sweet, Brit.jl. frard. t. 5. CE. alata, ISult. I fren. \.p. 248. Mcga]»-
teriiim Missoiiriciiso & NiUtallii, SpitcJi, Oiuifir. p. 31.

Dry liills, tliroii<,di()ut Missouri ! and on the Canadian River, Dr. .Tames t
•Tuly-Oct. — Stems low. Tube of the calyx 4-7 inrhcs in lenjrth; the sec;-
ments acuminate, often spoiled with purpU;. Corolla 4-(j inches in di-
ameter; the ])Ctals very ])road, light yellow, with orange veins. Capsule 2
inches in lengili, and about the same breadth, including the wings ; but
exclusive of the wings only a quarter of an inch in diameter. Seeds large;
the undulate crest conspicuous, especially at the chalaza.

§ 2. Sligma dilated, disciform, obscurely 4-lohcd : tube of the calyx much
produced, trumpet-shaped ; the segments short, not carinate : petals broadly
rhombic-ovate, erose-crenulate : stamens erect, slightly unequal : anthers ob-
long-linear, fixed near the middle, versatile : capsules short, cylindrical,
sessile : seeds in a double series, horizontal : stems svffrutesccnt : flcnvers
(rather large, nocturnal?) yellow turniyig to rose-color, erect before expa7i-
sion. — Salpingia.

27. CE. lavandultefolia : suffruticose, low, decumbent, somewhat canescent ;
leaves crowded, linear, entire, obtuse; tube of the calyx tubular-infundibuli-
form, many times longer than the ovary and the ovate-lanceolate slightly acu-
minate segments ; petals rhombic-ovate, crenulate, longer than the stamens ;
stigma discoid; capsules sessile, C3'lindrical, canescent.

Plains of the Platte, Dr. James ! Nultallf (" near Scott's Bluffs.")— Root
large, woody. Stems simple, about a span in length. Tube of tlie calj-x
about 2 inches long. (Seeds in two rows in each cell, horizontal. Null.)
— Very nearly allied to the Mexican Q£.. Hartwegi, BenOi., which is a more
glabrous ])lan't, with narrower leaves, a more slender calyx tube, and subu-
late-acuminate segments : the stigma however is similar. We have not
seen the fruit of either species.

§ 3. Stigma disciform, crenulate: tube of the calyx infundibuliform, strongly
A-nerved, shorter than the ovary : the segments carinate with the mid-nerve :
petals obovate, erose-crenulate : stamens short, erect : the f laments opposite
the j)etals shortest : anthers oblong, fixed by the middle, versatile : capsules
cylindrical, linear, sessile, coriaceous, nearly even : seeds ascending, in a
double series: the testa thin: stems svffrutescent at the base: flowers {rather
small, diurnal ?) yellow, erect before expansion. — Calylophis, Spacli.

7^28. CE. serrulafa (Nutt.) : stems suffruticose, slender, ascending ; leaves,
rigid, linear, lanceolate or oblanceolate, attenuate at the base, irregularly and
sharply denticulate-serrate : flowers axillary ; petals obovate, undiilate-
crenulate, inserted by a broad base, much longer than the statnens and the
carinate calyx-segments; stigma discoid; capsules cylindrical or slightly
prismatic, slender, somewhat 4-grooved. — Calylophis ISuttallii ! Druni-.
mondiana ! & Berlaqdieri ? Spach, Onagr. p. 17.

a. NuttaUii : low, simple or branched ; young shoots, leaves, and capsulea
minutely canescent ; leaves oblong-linear, somewhat acute, with short irre-
gular serratures ; capsules pubescent. — CE. serrulata, Ntitt. ! gen. 1. p. 246;
Torr.! in ann. lye. NeioYork, 2. j). 201.

502 ONAGRACEtE. CEnothera.

P. Douirlasii : low, minutely canesccnt when young ; stems mostly sim-
ple ; leaves lanceolate or s])atulate-lanceolate, shorter, serrulate, the lower-
most nearly entire ; flowers smaller ; capsules canescent. — CE. leucocarpa,
Lehm..' in Hook. jl. Bor.-Am. \. p. 210.

y. Drummondii : low, minutely pulterulent ; stems simple ; leaves linear-
spatulate or spatulate-oblong, une(|ually and rather coarsely serrulate, the
teeth sometimes obtuse ; flowers larger ; capsules puberulent. — Calylophis
Drummondiana, Spach ! I. c.

6. sjnnulosa : taller, often branching, almost glabrous ; leaves linear, elon-
gated, acute (sometimes obtuse), spinulose-serraie ; flowers rather large;
capsules minutely pubescent. — (E. spinulosa, Nutt. ! ined. CE. serrulata,
NuU. ! in jour. acad. Philad. 2. p. 120 ; Hook.! exot.Jl. t. 140.

Dry hills and plains, from the Platte River to the mountains, Nuttall !
Dr. James ! On the Red R-iver and the Missouri, Nuttall ! On the Missis-
sippi above the Falls of St. Anthony, Dr. Houghton! fi. Saskatchawan &c.
Douglas ! Drummond ! y. Texas, Drummond ! S. Arkansas, Nuttall !
Dr. Leavenworth ! June-July. — Stems 6-12 inches high. Petals about half
an inch in length, twice as long as the stamens, bright yellow. — Mr. Nuttall
considers his CE. spinulosa to be a very distinct species ; but our suite of spe-
cimens furnishes numerous intermediate forms between this and CE. leuco-
carpa, which are the two extremes.

§ 4, Stigma with 4 short linear or roundish lobes : tube of the calyx obconic
or infundibuliform, mostly shorter than the ovary : petals fiabelliform, erose
at the summit : stamens short, erect : the filaments (flat) opposite the petals
much shortest : anthers oblong, fixed near the base, erect, or at length arcu-
ate : capsules cylindrical or oblong-conical, mostly sessile, coriaceous : seeds
ascending or horizontal, in a single series, uith a crustaceous testa : the
chalaza large, bordered with a very minute denticulate membranaceous bor-
der : stems annual : flowers diurnal, inodorous, lilac-purple or rose-color,
erect before exjmnsion. — Godetia, Spach.

* Lobes of the stigma linear (yellow) : capsule elongated, attenuate at the base,
canescent or puberulent : seeds ascending (flowers large).

29. CE. Lindleyi (Dougl.) : stem diffuse, ascending, branched ; leaves
linear-lanceolate, mostly entire, acute at each end, nearly glabrous ; tube of
the calyx obconic, much shorter than the segments ; petals (large, lilac-purple
wdth a deep red spot) twice or thrice the length of the stamens and stjde ;
capsules elongated, attenuate at each end, puberulent. — Dougl. ! in Hook,
hot. mag. t. 2832; Lehn.! in Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 211; Don, in
Brit, fl: gard. {ser. 2) t. 19 ; Lindl. ! bot. reg. t. 1405. (var.) CE. ma-
crantha, Nutt. ! mss. Godetia Lindleyana, Spach ! I. c.

Oregon and California, Douglas! Nuttall! — Flowers large and show^.
Capsules 1-2 inches long. — This and the tliree succeeding species, now in
common cultivation, are perhaps^oo nearly related.

30. CE. rubicunda (Lindl.) : stem erect ; leaves linear or lanceolate, den-
ticulate or entire, acute or acuminate, nearly glabrous; tube of the calyx ob-
conic, much shorter tlian the segments ; jpetals (large, purplish-rose-color,
not spotted, bright orange-red at the base) twice or thrice the length of the
stamens and style ; anthers (orange) with empty yellow tips ; cajisules linear,
truncate. — Godetia rubicunda, Lindl. ! bot. reg. t. 185G.

California, Douglas ! — Capsules nearly sessile, somewhat 4-sided.

OENOTHERA. ONAGRACEiE. 503

• 31. CE. vinosa (Li'indl.) : stem erect ; leaves lincar-obloiif;, si if;litly toothed,
glabrous; tube of the calyx about one-third the biifjlli of the seianenis; j)e-
tals roundish-cunciforiii, not spotted (white, tinircd with i»iir|tlc) ; anilicrs
dark red, with empty yellowish ti])s; seeds dark brown, uniform. Lindl. !
hot. reft. I. 18H0, under Godetia.

California, Dou<rias, (v. sp. cult.) — A more slender plant than CE. rubicuii-
da, with ratlier smaller Howcrs, dec. Lindl.

32. GB. omtt«« (Lehm.) : stem erect; leaves oblong or lanceolato-obloiin;,
obtuse, entire, puberulent ; tube of the calyx obconic, about halfiiie length
of the segments ; petals (large, rose-color and white, with a red sjjot at the
base) much longer tlian the stamens ; capsules linear, attenuate at each end.
— Lchm.! ind. son. Havib. 18"20, S^' pufr. jA. S^- act. nut. cur. 14, I. 45.
CE. roseo-alba, Bernh. cat. son. hort. Krfurt. 1824 ; Rcichcnh. icon. cxot. t.
47. Godetia Lehmanniana, Spach, I. c.

California, (v. sp. cull.) — We know not by whom this sj)ecies was
discovered.

* * Lobes of the stigma oval, short {comvionlij dark pvrple) : capsule sessile,

usually tapering towards the summit : seeds ascending.

^—33. CE. viminea (Dougl.) : glaucous, nearly glabrous ; stems ascending or
■ erect, with slender branches ; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, almost
entire, nearly sessile ; tube of the calyx infundibuliform, about the length of
the segments ; petals (lilac or rose-color) twice the length of the stamens;
style exserted beyond the anthers ; lobes of the stigma oval ; caj)sules cylindri-
cal, slightly 4-sided, tapering to the apex, canescently puberulent. — Dmigl. !
in Hook. bat. mag. t. 2873 ,* Lindl. ! hot. reg. t. 1220 ; Lehm. in Hook. fi.
Bar.- Am. l.p.2\\.

/?. ? jyarvijiora (Hook. & Arn.) : flowers much smaller; tube of the calyx
longer tlian the ovary, the segments as long as the petals. Hook, df Arn.
hot. Beechey, suppl.p. 342.

California about lat. 43°, Douglas! 0. St. Francisco? Douglas. — Stem
2-3 feet high. Petals 7-8 lines long. Anthers lanceolate. Capsules an
inch or more in length, glauccjus-pubescent, somewhat B-grooved.

34. CE. Arnottii : nearly glabrous, slightly glaucous, stem and branches
erect, strict, angled above, densely-flowered at the summit ; leaves lanceo-
late, rather acute or acuminate, obscurely denticulate; tube of the c;Uyx
broadly infundibuliform, about the length of the nearly glabrous ovary, short-
er than the segments ; petals (lilac ? with a jjurple spot near the middle)
longer than the stamens, and nearly twice the length of the calyx-segments ;
style exserted beyond the linear-lanceolate anthers ; lobes of the stigma oval,
very short ; capsules cylindrical-conic, somewhat grooved, glabrous. — CE.
viminea, var. 1 Hook. S^' Arn. ! hot. Beechey, suppl. p. 342.

California, Douglas ! — The habit of this species is quite difTerent from CE.
viiTiinea, and much like CR. purpurea, as the authors above-cited remark : but
it appears abundantly distinct li-om either. The flowers are about as laige
as in CE. Lindleyi, and apparently as showy.

35. CE. Romanzovii (Ledeb.) : stem andt'branches erect, and, with the
young leaves and calyx, silky-canescent ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, obtuse,
entire, narrowed at the base; tube of the calyx obconic, about lialf the length
of the segments; petals (lilac variegated with white) about twice tlie length
of the calyx-segments and stamens; style included in the tube of the calyx ;
lobes of the stigma oval ; capsules cyhndrical, somewhat tapering to each end,
canescent when young. — Ledeh. in Hornem. hort. Hafii. 1. p. 133 ; DC.
prodr. Z.p. 49 ; Dm, in hot. reg. t. 562. Godetia Romanzovii, Spach, I. c.

504 ONAGRACEiE. CEnothera.

N. W. Coast (or California), Chamisso. (v. sp. cult.) — There is some con-
fusion respecting this species : it seems, however, well distinguished by the
very sliort style (scarcely longer than the stigma), which is wholly included
in the tube of the calyx.

36. CE. quadrivulnera (Dougl.) : puberulent ; stems simple or branched,
ascending, long and slender ; leaves linear or lanceolate-linear, mostly entire ;
tube of the calyx infundibuUform, about half the length of the segments ;
petals (pale lilac with a purplisli-red spot near the base) tvvdce the length of
the stamens and pistils ; style about the length of the stamens ; lobes of the
stigma very short; capsules oblong-linear, pointed, somewhat hairy. —
Dougl. ! in hot. reg. t. 1119 ,• Lehm. ! in Hook. I. c. p. 213. Godetia quad-
rivulnera, Spach I. c.

Banks of rivers and plains, Oregon, Douglas! Dr. Scouler! Nuttall! — •
Stems 12-20 inches in length. Flowers small. Stigma whitish. Capsules
6-10 lines long, straight or a little curved.

37. CE. tenella (Cav.) : stem erect, branching ; leaves spatulate-linear or
oblong-linear, nearly sessile, obtuse, entire; tube of the calyx obconic, about
one-third the length of the segments ; petals (purple) commonly variegated,
twice the length of the stamens ; style exserted beyond the anthers ; stigmas
(dark purple) elliptical ; capsules oblong-linear, pointed, straiglit or curved,
somewhat glabrous. — Cav. ic. 4. t. 396, /. 2 ; Euiz Sf Pav. ji. Peruv. 3. ti
316 ; Brit.ji. gard. t. 167. Godetia Cavanillesii, Spach, I. c.

p. tenuifolia ? {Liindl.) : leaves narrow ; capsules canescently puberulent.
— Hook. Sf Am. hot. Beechcy, suppl. p. 342.

Cahfornia, Douglas, {,'i.) — Hooker & Arnott notice two forms in Doug-
las's Californian collection, which they somewhat doubtfully refer to CE.
tenella 13. tenuifolia, Lindl.

* * * Lobes of the stigma short, purple : capsule short, closely sessile (hairy), ta-
pering from the base to the summit: seeds horizontal.

38. OE. purp-drea (Curtis): stem and branches erect; leaves oblong or
oblong-lanceolate, sessile, obtuse or acute, entire, glaucous, often canescently
puberulent ; tube of the calyx infundibuliform, about the length of the seg-
ments, and of the conical-oblong hirsute ovary ; petals (purple) much longer
than the stamens ; anthers yellow ; capsules cylindrical-conic, grooved, hir-
sute.— Curtis, hot. mag. t. 352; Willd. I spec. 2. p. 311 ; Seriiige! in DC.
prodr. 3. p. 49 ; Hook. S^- Am. ! hot. Beechey, suppl. p. 342. Godetia
Willdenowiana, Spach, I. c.

California, Menzies ! Douglas ! S{c. — This and the two following species
are somewhat nearly related.

39. CE. lepida (Lindl.) : stem erect ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, entire,
glabrous or slightly hairy ; tube of the calyx obconical, much shorter than
the conical ovary and about half the length of the segments ; petals (pale
purple, with a deep purple cuneate spot at the summit) roundish-cuneiform,
thrice the length of the stamens ; anthers purplisli ; capsules ovate-oblong,
villous. — Lindl.! hot. reg. t> 1849 (under Godetia); Hook. Sf Am.! hot.
Beechey, suppl. p. 342.

California, Douglas! — This species is allied to CE. purpurea and CE. de-
cumbens : the flowers are rather larger than in the latter.

40. CE. decumbens (Dougl.) : stems ascending, diffuse, much branched;
leaves glaucous, mostly entire, somewhat pubescent, the lower ones ovate,
the upper ovate-lanceolate, slightly petioled ; tube of the calyx obconic,
about half the length of tlie segments, much longer than the canescently

GEnothera. ONAGRACEJE. 505

tomentosc ovary ; petal*! (lilac-rolor) rmareinafp, longer than the sfnmens ;
lobes of (he stigma reflextd ; lapsulcs ohloiiij-conifai, ohliisily 4-anplf'fI,
villous-canescent. — Doiigl. ! in Hook. bol. niasr. t. 2889 ; Lindl. ! hot. refr.
t. 1221 ; Leiuti. .' in Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 211. Godotia dccumbens,
Spach, I. c.

Northern California, Dotislas ! Oregon, Mr. lUinie ! — Petals about
half an ineh in length. Anthers oblong. Style about the length of the
longer stamens.

* * * • Lobes of the stigma obovate, sJiurt : capsule distinctly pedicellate :
seeds ascending.

41. CE. Bnllfe (Spach): stem and branches virgate, nearly glabrous;
leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, much attenuate at the base and apex,
acute, deeply denticidate, petioled, nearly glabrous ; segments of the calyx
much longer than the obconic tube, and rather shorter than the petals ;
ovary scarcely longer than the stipe. Spach, Onagr. p. 73, (under Go-
detia.)

Southern California, BoUa, ex Spach.— Stem 2 feet long. Petals 12-15
lines long, purple. Style a little exceeding the anthers of the longer
stamens. Stamens more than half the length of the petals: anthers all
longer than the filaments. Spac]i.

§ 5. Stigma uith 4 very short lobes : tube of the calyx infnndibuliform, as
long as the ovary ; the segments rather erect : petals ohovate-cuneiform,
2-lobed, erect-spreading: stamens erect: the filaments (fdiform) opposite
the petals much shorter and usually inserted loiver cloivn: anthers mostly
short, fixed below the middle : capsules oblong or cylindrical, short, sessile,
nearly membranaceous, commonly uith a large and thick A-angled pla-
centa : seeds feio (4-6 in each cell), in a single series, ascending, not
appendiculate ; the testa somewhat crustaceous : stems annual : flowers
{rather small) diurnal, purple or rose-color, usually 2-5 together in the
axils of the floral bract-like leaves. — Boisduvalia, Spach.

42. CE. densiflora (Lindl.) : somewhat canescently pubescent ; leaves
lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute, denticulate; the floral leaves crowded,
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, closely sessile, mostly entire ; tube of
the calyx obconic, a little longer tlian the ovary, scarcely the length of the
triangular-lanceolate segments ; alternate stamens much shorter ; anthers
elliptical ; placenta large, acutely 4-angled ; the angles reaching to the
valves. — LindL bot. reg. t. 1593. Boisduvalia Douglasii, Spach ! Onagr.
p. 80.

/?. leaves longer, linear-lanceolate; flowers sometimes white. — (E. sali-
cina, Nutt. ! mss.

Oregon, Douglas ! Mr. Tolmic ! On the Wahlamet and Wallawallah,
Nuttail ! — A variable plant, as well in its native situations as in cultivation.
The valves fall away, leaving the dissepiments wholly united with the thick
placenta, in depressions of which the ovules are partly imbedded.

43. CE. glabella (Nutt. ! mss.) : " glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, acumi-
nate, serrulate ; the floral ones ovate-lanceolate, nearly similar ; capsules
slightly hairy, cylindrical, striated, the valves septiferous ; seeds oblong."

Plains of the Oregon east of Wallawallah, Nuttail ! — We have not seen

64

506 ONAGRACEiE. CEnothera.

the flowers; but the species certainly belongs to this section, as Mr. Nuttall
remarks, notwithstanding the dehiscence; the placenta usually separating
into 4 pieces and remaining attached to the valves. The capsules are
in sessile clusters, 4-5 together in the axils of the leaves.

§6. Stigma capitate : tube of the calyx infundibuliform, rather shorter than
the conspicuously pedicellate ovary : petals ohovafe, entire : sta?nens erect ;
the alternate filaments shorter: anthers ohlong, fixed bcloto the middle,
versatile : capsules cylindrical, somewhat membranaceous, A-nerved, on a
slender pedicel: seeds oblong-obovate, ascending, in a single series; the
testa membranaceous : stem annual : leaves usually all radical, ovate,
petioled, fleshy : scape tcith several {small, yellow, diurnal ?) flowers. —
Chylismia, Nutt.

,' 44. CE. scapoidea (Nutt. ! mss., under Chylismia) : glabrous ; leaver
ovate or ovate-oblong, entire or obscurely denticulate, the limb about the
length of the petiole ; scape naked or rarely 1—2 -leaved, 3-8-flowered ;
bracts minute, many times shorter than the pedicels ; segments of the calyx
ovate-lanceolate, about the length of the tube and ihe broadly obovate entire
petals ; stvle and longer stamens nearly the length of the petals ; capsules
oblong, cylindrical, very obtuse, acute at the base, longer than the pedicels.

Clay hills in the Rocky Mountains, Nuttall ! — Scape 2-4 inches high.
Leaves small. Corolla bright yellow, unchanged in fading, about 2 lines in
diameter. Capsule half an inch in length,

§ 7. Stigma capitate : tube of the calyx filiform or subulate, elongated, in-
fundibuliform at the summit, marcescent : stamens erect ; the alternate
filaments shorter : anthers oval, fixed near the base : capstdes {radical}
conical-subulate, 4-sulcate, coriaceous, sessile : seeds somewhat ascending,
in a double series, oblong, terete, with a crustaceous testa: acaulescent
annuals: leaves pinnatifid : flowers {small) ichite or pcde yellow, turning to
rose-color. — Taraxia, Nutt.

45. CE. brevifl.ora : sf emless, minutely pubescent or somewhat canescent ;
leaves lanceolate, interruptedly pinnatifid, somewhat petioled; the segments
short, obtuse, 1-2-toothed or entire ; flowers (small) scarcely longer than the
petioles ; tube of the calyx subulate, rather longer than the linear-lanceolate
segments; style shorter than the calyx-segments; capsules ovoid-oblongr
deeply 4-grooved, subulate with the persistent calyx-tube. — Taraxia brevi-
flora, Nutt. ! mss.

Plains of the Rocky Mountains, with the succeeding. Leaves 3-4 inches
long, in a crowded tuft. Capsule, with the persistent calyx, about an inch long.
Seeds very numerous, oblong, terete, slightly incurved, smooth and even, or
obscurely striate.

46. CE. NuttaUii: stemless, pubescent; leaves lanceolate, pinnatifid,
acuminate, petioled; tube of the calyx filiform, rather shorter than the
leaves ; the segments linear-lanceolate, acuminate, about the length of the
petals ; style longer than the calyx-segments ; capsules (very numerous)
subulate-conic, terete. — Taraxia longiflora, Nutt. ! mss.

Plains in the Rocky Mountains, near Blackfoot River. July. — Leaves
crowded. Flowers larger than in Q2. breviflora : the ovary gradually atten-
uate into the very slender tube of the calyx ; which is 1-2 inches in length,

CEnothkra. ONAGRACE/E. 507

tlie funnel-shaped summit rather shorter than the segments. The whole
calyx is marcescent-persistent for a considerable period, but apparently less
so than in the ])receding species, where it is entirely persistent until the ralvx
is almost mature. On account of this remarkable peculiarity, Mr. Nuitall
proposes these two plants as a new genus (Taraxia; in allusion to the re-
semblance wliich their leaves bear to those of Lcontodon Taraxacum), and
perha})s very justly ; but the flowers and fruit agree so nearly in structure with
the succeeding section (in which the calyx-tube is more or less marces-
cent) that we are unwilling to separate them, especially since the present
species is somewhat intermediate. The persistent calyx is certainly a very
remarkable character in this liunily.

§ 8. Stigma capitate or subclavale: tube of the calyx filiform, very long {tar-
dily deciduous), slightly dilated at the summit : stamens erect ; the alternate
filaments usually shorter: anthers oblong and fixed near the base, or linear,
fixed near the middle, and versatile: capsules (radical) sessile, short: acau-
lescent : flowers {rather small) yellow. — Primulopsis.

* Perennial: fiowers bright yellow, unchanged in fading : leaves oblong,
lanceolate, denticulate, petioled. (Heterostemon, Nult., not of Wight ^ Arn.)

47. CE. heterantha (Nutt.) : stemless, glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate,
tapering into a slender petiole, the margin repand or nearly entire ; tube of the
calyx much shorter than the leaves ; the segments linear-lanceolate, about
the length of the broadly obovate retuse petals ; alternate stamens much
shortest ; anthers oblong, fixed near the base ; " capsules ovate-elliptic,
pointed, smooth" {Nutt.); stigma large. — Xutt. .' in jour. acad. Philad.7.
p. 22. Jussiaea acaulis, Pursh ! fl. i~ p. 304 (locality doubtful).

Dry plains, sources of the Oregon, Mr. Wyeth ! "June. — Leaves resem-
bling those of Primula lanccolata, attenuate at each end. Tube of the calyx
about 2 inches long. Petals rather smaller than in CE. ovata. — We have
not seen the fruit.

48. CE. ocata (Nutt. ! mss.) : stemless, pubescent ; leaves ovate or oblong,
erose-denticulatc, tapering into a slender petiole ; tube of the calyx nearly as
long as the leaves ; the segments oblong-lanccolate, shorter than the roiand-
ish entire petals; stamens almost eciual; anthers linear, nearly as long as
the filaments, fixed near the middle ; stigma small, somewha.t clavate.

" In moist plains in the immediate vicinity of Monterey, California :
comnwn. March. — Leaves almost exactly those of Viola primulasfolia.
Flowers bright yellow, about an inch in diameter. Ovaries radical, obtuse :
the capsules unknown. Stigma somewhat clavate. Nutt. — Mr. Nuttall
justly remarks, that the present plant shows the insertion of the anthers and
the relative length of the filaments t-o be of less consequence in this genus
than has been supposed.

• • Annual : flowers yellow, turning to green in fading : leaves spatulate.

linear, sessile.

49. CE. graciliflora (Hook. & Arn.) : stemless, very hairy : leaves linear,
tapering towards the base, mostly entire ; tube of the calvx ra'ther shorter than
the leaves ; the segments much shorter than the broadly obcordate petals ;
alternate stamens shorter ; anthers oval, fixed near the base ; ovary ovate,
4-angled. — Hook, i^ Arn. .' hot. Beechey, suppl. p. 341.

508 ONAGRACEJE. CEnothera.

California, Doiarlas! — A very distinct small species; the leaves 1-2
inches long and scarcely a line in breadth ; the flowers large for the size of the
plant (about 10 lines in diameter when expanded). From'the appearance
of the ovary, we suspect the capsule is somewhat 4-winged, or perhaps
4-grooved.

§ 9. Stigma capitate : tube of the calyx ohconic or infunclihuliform, usually
much shorter than the ovary : petals ohovate, entire or emarginate : stamens
erect ; the alternate filaments mostly shorter : anthers linear-ohlong or
roundish : ca2)sules subulate, oblong or linear, mostly sessile, membrana-
ceous, often curved or contorted; the dissejnmoits thin and often evanescent :
seeds ascending, in a single series, oval or oblong, ivith a membranous
testa : caulescent : floioers diurnal. — Sph^rostigma, Seringe. (Holo-
stigma, Spach.)

* Mostly annual : floioers {mostly rather large) axillary, yellow turning to
hluish-green in fading : tube of the calyx infundibuliform or obconic, shorter
than the segments : stamens unequal, shorter than the petals : anthers short,
or often oblong-linear and fixed near the tniddle : capsules acutely quadran.
gular, attenuate at the apex, usually curved or spirally contorted lohen
mature.

50. CE. viridcsccns (Hook.) : sufFruticose, densely tonientose-canescent ;
stems much branched from tlie base, ascending ; leaves ovate or oblong, en-
tire or slightly serrulate (" coarsely toothed," Hook.), sessile; flowers large;
tube of the calyx -much shorter than the segments ; petals cuneiform-obovate,
very broad, emarginate (golden yellow with a brownish spot at the base),
twice the length of the slightly unequal stamens ; anthers oblong-linear, fixed
near the middle ; style longer than the stamens ; capsules hairy, acutely
quadrangular, recurved, rather acute. — Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 214.
OE. maritima, Nutt. ! mss.

California, on the sandy beach near St. Diego, Nuttall! N. W. Coast (ac-
cording to Hooker, but probably California), Menzies. April-May. — " Ap-
parently a perennial, with large and showy flowers about the size of those of
ffi. biennis; the plants spreading out so as to make a wide silvery carpet.
Leaves about half an inch long, acute or obtuse. Seeds numerous, small,
ovate-oblong, acute at the base." Nutt. — Our description is wholly drawn
from Mr. Nuttall's plant, which Hooker (hot. Beechey's voy. suppl. 2}' ^-^l-)
pronounces to be identical with ffi. viridescens, although we should have not
supposed it from the description, which was doubtless made from imperfect
materials. We see no approach to coarsely serrate leaves. The base of the
stem is decidedly shioibby.

51. CE. historta (Nutt. ! mss.) : somewhat hirsute ; stems decumbent,
much branched from the base ; radical leaves spatulate-linear, petioled ;
cauline ones lanceolate, mostly sessile, acute or acuminate, sharjjly denticu-
late ; flowers (rather large) axillary ; tube of the calyx infundibuliform,
rather shorter than the segments ; petals broadly obovate, entire, more than
twice the length of the longer stamens ; anthers oblong, fixed near the
middle ; style longer than the stamens ; stigma large and thick ; capsules
acutely quadrangular, attenuate at the summit, somewhat pubescent or
hirsute, spirally contorted or coiled. — ffi. heterophylla, iYwii. .' «!S5., not of
Spach. Holostigma Bottae, Spach, Onagr. p. IQ?

CE.NOTiiKRA. ONAGRACEiE. 509

/?. leaves rather smaller and more sfronirly toothed ; capsules completely
coiled when niatiirc. — (K. bisturta, IS'iilt.! riitis.

St. Diego, Calilbrnia, Nuttall! (Souilicrn California, Bolta?) — In loliajic
this species resembles CE. micraiitlia; l)iit tiie leaves are aeuie and mostly
smaller, the capsules shorter, and the llowers about as larjre as in G<^.
cheirantliifolia, from Avhich it dilH-rs in its smaller and toothed leaves, nuich
contorted capsules, &c. The flowers, according to Nuttall, are golden yellow,
usually with a bright brown spot at the base of each petal. Ilolostigtna
Bottas of Spaeh, according to the description, accords for the most part with
this plant, but not completely. We have not adopted the si)ecific name
because there is another (JL. (Godetia) Botta*. We have taken the name
given by Nuttall to a mere variety of his Q^]. hcterophylla, since the latter
name has alreaily been employed, and there is also a Ilolostigma hetero-
phyllum of Spach.

._f— 62. CE. cheiranthifoUa (Homem.) : stems branching from the base, as-
•'cending, pubcndent ; leaves somewhat canescently ])nbescent, nearly entire,
obtuse, petioled ; the lower ones oblong-spatidate, with slender petioles ; the
upper ovate-oblong; flowers (rather small) axillary ; calyx hairy ; the tube
infundibuliform, as long as the ovate-lanceolate segments ; petals broadly
obovate, longer than the stamens and style ; anthers cordate-oval ; capsules
short, acutely quadrangular, attenuate at the point, hairy, recurved or con-
torted.— Hornem. liort. Hnfn. ; L'auU.! hot. reg. 1. 1040 ; DC. prodr. 3. p. 46.
CE. spiralis, Hook. ! Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. j)- 214, Sfhol. Beechey, sujyjil. p. 341.
Holostigma cheiranthifolium, Spach! Onasr. p. 15. Sphsrostigma cheiran-
thifolium, FiscJi. S^' Meyer, ind. son. St. Petersb. (excl. [i.)

California, Douglas! &c. N. W. Coast, Menzies, according to Hooker,
but perhaps from California. — The original ffi. clieiranthifolia is said to
come from Cliili; but this is possibly a mistake. The plant is not uncom-
mon in cultivation.

53. CE. micrantha (Hornem.) : hirsute; stems ascending, flexuous; leaves
linear-oblong, acutely denticulate, rather obtuse ; the radical ones spatulale,
petioled ; flowers (\ery small) axillary ; calyx hirsute ; the tube obconic,
about half llie length of the linear-oblong segments ; petals obovate, twice
the length of tlie longer stamens ; anthers roundish ; capsules elongated,
slender, acutely quadrangular, acute, hirsute with spreading hairs, much
contorted. — Hornem. hort. Haj'ii. ; Hook. Sf Am. I hot. Beechey, stippl. p.
341. G2. hirta, Link, enum. 1. p. 378. Gi. asperifolia, Nutt. ! mss.
Holostigma micranthum, Spach, I. c.

California, Douglas! S^'c. Nuttall! — Leaves (1-2 or 3 inches long) and
upper part of the stem strigose-hirsute and somewhat canescent. Flowers
(about 2 lines in diameter) beginning to appear at the very base of the stem,
as in most of the allied species. Capsules almost an inch long, variously
curved, and often spirally coiled.

* * Perennial : flowers (^small) in a close secund circinate spike, white, odorous:
tube of the calyx linear-infundibuUform, as long as the ovary : stamens
slightly unequal, as long as the petals: anthers oblong, fixed near the
middle : capsules short, cylindrical, pointed, slightly curved. (Gyranthus,
Nutt.)

54. CE. Boothii (Dougl.) : viscidly pubescent above; stem decumbent,
branched ; leaves ovate, acute or acuminate, denticidate-serrate, nearly
glabrous above, somewhat hirsute beneath, petioled ; flowers ninnerous, in
a crowded unilateral spike ; calyx viscidly hairy ; the tube slender, as long

510 ONAGRACEiE. CEnothera.

as the ovary, longer than the lanceolate-oblong segments ; petals obovate,
entire, rather shorter than the sHghtly unequal stamens and style ; anthers
linear-oblong, fixed near the middle ; stigma subglobose ; capsules cylindri-
cal, viscid-pubescent, striate, attenuate above, arcuate-recurved. — JJougl. I
in Hook. fi. Bor.-Am. \. p. 213. ffi. lithospermoides, Nvtt.! mss.

/?. 'pysf;m(ea : smaller ; upper leaves lanceolate, sessile. — (E. pj^gmsea,
Dougl. I. c. (tide Hook.)

Low gravelly hills near tlie branches of Lewis and Clarke's River, lat.
46°, and in barren sands near the Utalla River (/?.), Douglas! On the
sides of basaltic hills east of Wallawallah, rare, Nuttall ! Aug.-Sept. —
Stem 8-10 inches high. Spike 2-3 inches long; the lower bracts resem-
bling the leaves, but smaller; the others minute. Tube of the calyx, with
the ovary, nearly an inch long. Style about the length of the stamens.
Capsules about half an inch long. — The aspect of the plant, as well as the
inflorescence, is strikingly like that of a Boragineous plant.

* * * Perennial : flowers in a dense spike {which is sometimes drooping at the
apex), yellow, unchanged in fading : tube of the calyx tubular.infundihuli-
form, nearly the length of the ovary : stainens nearly equal, about the length
of the petals : anthers oblong, fixed by the middle : capsules subulate, ob-
tusely quadrangular, somewhat recurved.

65. CE, gaur(efiora: glabrous; stem erect, "suffruticose at the base,"
glandular-puberulent at the summit ; leaves linear-lanceolate, attenuate at
each end, entire or somewhat toothed, slightly pubescent when young;
flowers (small) numerous, spicate ; tube of the calyx tiibular-infundibuli-
form, nearly the length of the linear ovary, as long as the lanceolate seg-
inents ; petals obovate, slightly unequal, about the length of the calyx-seg-
ments, the nearly equal stamens, and the style ; anthers oblong, fixed by
the middle ; stigma subglobose ; capsules subulate from a ratlier broad
base, somewhat quadrangular, at length more or less arcuate-recurved.^
Gaura decorticans, Hook. S^'Avfi.! hot. Bcechey, suj)pl. p. 343.

California, Douglas ! — Stem with a white loose bark, like that of CE.
albicaulis. Leaves 1-3 inches long, veinless, except the midrib. Spike
dense, obtuse, elongated in fruit : bracts linear or subulate, shorter than the
ovary. Flowers, including the ovary, about half an inch long; the calyx
yellowish ; the petals (2 lines in length) apparently bright yellow. Style
at length a little longer than the stamens. Capsules an inch long, glabrous,
with a long attenuate point, dehiscent ; the valves 1-nerved. Seeds nume-
rous, linear-oblong. — The fruit appears to have been wanting in the speci-
mens which Hooker and Arnott described, although it is nearly mature in
one of ours. We have not seen the base of the stem.

* * * * Annual: flowers (small, often minute) axillary or towards the sminnit of
the branches, yellow, unchanged in fading : tube of the calyx usually very
short : stamens unequal, shorter than the petals : anthers roundish : capsules
usually linear and slender, sometimes subulate, straight or soinewhat contorted.

56. CE. dentata (Cav.) : slightly pubescent ; stem slender, simple or
branched, erect or ascending ; leaves linear or lanceolate-linear, very nar-
row, acutely and remotely denticulate, attenuate at the base ; tube of the
calyx infundibuliform-obconic, about half the length of the segments, many
times shorter than the filitbrm ovary; petals (about 4 lines long) broadly
obovate, nearly entire, about twice the length of the style and longer stamens ;

CEnothera. ONAGRACEiE- 611

capsules very slender. — Cmi. ic. 4. jj. C7, I. 398, not of Hnnl: 8^- Jrn. ex
Fisch. Sc Meyer, acarcely ol' Seringe. Holosti^ma arguluni, ^Jyjar//, Onagr.
p. 13. (ex deser.)

California, Douglas ! — This species is not noticed in Hooker and Arnotl's
account of DonijUis's Caiilinnian collfftion : our specimen is from a set pre-
sented l)y the London llorticulturat Society. It is a slender plant, scarcely
a foot high ; the leaves and ovaries pubescent with minute s])readin£j hairs;
the llowcrs few (yellow) and near the summit. It seems rather ditHcult to
ascertain which is the true ffi. denlata of Cavanillcs; but our plant airees so
minutely with the description of Mr. Si)nch (from a specimen of Dombey)
that we can hardly sn])pose it to be a ditlc'rent species. We want the fruit,
but it is evident tluit the capsule is linear. Tiie leaves are about half an inch
long, and less than a line wide.

57. CE.parvula (Nutt. ! mss.) : almost <,dal)n)us (minutely puberulent with
spreading hairs) ; stem much branched, slender; leaves very narrowly linear,
obtuse, nearly entire ; (lowers (very small) mostly towards the end of the
branches; tube of the calj^x infundibulifi)rm-obconic, about the length of the
lanceolate-oblong segments, many times shorter than the filiform f)vary; pe-
tals (scarcely a line long) obovate, entire, about tlirice the length of the longer
stamens and" the large stigma; capsules linear, elongated, slightly 4-sided,
torulose, nearly straight.

Plains of the Rocky Mountains towards Lewis's River, Nuttall ! — Plant
4-8 inches high. Leaves nearly an inch long, scarcely half a line wide.
Capsules almost filiform, 6-10 lines long, apparently not attenuated towards
the summit. Stigma very large for the size of the flower.

58. CE. contorta (Hook.) : glabrous; stem weak, branching ; leaves linear,
entire; flowers numerous, minute; tube of the calyx infundibuliform, as long
as the segments ; capsules cylindrical, elongated, curved or contorted, torulose.
Lclim. in Hook.Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 214.

Sandy barren soil on the interior banks of the Oregon River, X)oM£-^as. —
Plant .3-5 inches high, with the habit of Ejiilobium : the stem liranching
from the base. Petals scarcely a line long, ecjualling the tube of the calyx.
Capsules an inch or more in length, similar to those of Epilobium. Seeds
ovate, angled. Leiim. — This sjiecies is unknown to us, and seems difierent
from any of Mr. Nuttall's extensive collection in this genus, unless it should
prove to be the same with his CE. parvula, in which the capsules may be-
come curved when old.

59. CE. abjssoides (Hook. & Am.) : low, branched from the base, puberu-
lent ; lower leaver much largest, oblong-lanceolate, unecjually toothed, at-
tenuate into a petiole, rather shorter than the stems, the ujjper ones linear ;
spike leafy, unilateral, circinate ; ovaries very slender, sessile ; petals about
the length of the filaments, shorter than the style ; capsules contortuplicate,
striate, lorulose. Hook. Sf- Arn., hot. Beechey,'suppl. p. 340; Hook. ic. pi.
ined.

California, Dottglas. — We have not seen tliis species. The stems are
said to be 3-5 inches long, ascending ; the central one erect and floriferous
from the base ; the flowers copious, retaining their color (pale yellow) when
dry; the upper portion of the raceme recurved until the flowers expand ; the
capsules about an inch long, and not half a line thick at the base, somewhat
terete, slightly attenuate at the summit. The size of the flowers and the
form of the calyx-tube are not mentioned.

60. CE. epilobioides (Nutt. ! mss.) : almost glabrous ; stem slender, erect,
branching above ; leaves linear-oblong, obtuse, remotely denticulate, attenu-
ate into a short petiole ; flowers few, towards the summit of the branches ;

512 ONAGRACE^. (Enothera.

tube of the calyTC obconic (very short), many times shorter than the linear
ovary ; petals (" ochroleucous," Nuit., about 2 lines long) broadly oval, en-
tire, rather acute, twice the length of the longer stamens and the style ; stigma
capitate, somewhat 4-lobed ; capsules erect, nearly straight; linear, slightly
quadrangular, scarcely attenuate at either end, on a short but distinct
pedicel.

St. Diego, California, Nuttall ! May. — Plant a foot or more high, with
the habit of an Epilobium, very minutely puberulent. Leaves scattered,
about half an inch long and 1-2 lines wide. Tube of the calyx minute.
Anthers oblong, attached near the base ; those of the shorter stamens smaller.
Capsules an inch long and about half a line in diameter, cylindrical, but
slightly angled.

61. CE. strigulosa : pubescent with minute hairs, at length nearly glabrous ;
stem slender, branched near the base ; leaves linear, denticulate, attenuate
towards the base ; flowers (very small) axillary ; tube of the calyx obconic,
very short, about half the length of the oblong-lanceolate (reddish) segments;
ovary filiform ; petals (a line long) broadly obovate, entire, exceeding (by
one-third) the longer stamens and the large stigma ; capsules elongated and
very slender, slightly quadrangular, torulose, sessile, of nearly the same
diameter throughout, at length incurved or somewhat contorted. — QL. siliquo-
sa, Nutt. ! mss. Sphaerostigma strigulosa, Fisch. Sf Meyer, ind. sem. St.
Petersb. (1833) p. 50. (ex descr.)

Near St. Diego, California, Nuttall! (California, Fisch. Sf Meyer.) Also
in the Rocky Mountain plains near Lewis's River, Nuttall! — Stem 8-12
inches high. Leaves scarcely an inch long, less than a line -wide. Capsules
an inch long, scarcely half a line wide. Seeds oblong, terete. — The plant,
as Mr. Nuttall remarks, has wholly the appearance of a small Epilobium.

62. CE. Andina (Nutt. ! mss.) : " very small, depressed, canescently
puberulent ; leaves linear-spatulate, attenuate into slender petioles, entire,
obtuse ; flowers minute, axillary, very nuinerous ; tube of the calyx infun-
dibuliform, rather shorter than the segments, many times shorter than the
subulate ovary ; petals (less than half a line long) obovate, entire, scarcely
exceeding the longer stamens, shorter than the st34e ; stigma large ; capsules
canescent, somewhat 4-sided, attenuate-subulate above, straight.

" Dry plains in the Rocky Mountains, near the Black-Foot River. — A
very remarkable and distinct species. Stem about an inch and a half high,
sending off decumbent branches from the base. Leaves less than a line
wide, half an inch or more in length. Flowers commencing with the lowest
leaves. Capsules large for the size of the plant, 3-4 lines long : the dissepi-
ments almost wanting. Seeds cylindrical, on a filiform placenta." Nutt.

(E. media (Link. enum. Bcrol.) appears from the description to be CE. linearis,
except that the capsules are said to be sessile.

(E. (etragona (Roth) is doubtless CE. fruticosa.

(E. alata, Raf. fl. Ludov.

ffi. viscosa, Raf. fl. Ludov.

4. GAYOPHYTUM. Adr. Juss. in ami. sci. nut. 2b. p. 18, t. 4.

Tube of the calyx not at all produced beyond the ovary ; the limb 4-parted,
reflexed. Petals 4. Stamens 8 ; the alternate ones (opposite the petals)
minute and mostly sterile : filaments filiform : anthers subglobose, fixed
above the middle ; those of the shorter stamens minute. Ovary oblong or

Gayophytcm. ONAGRACEiE. 513

linear, compressed, 2-cclleil : style short : stijin^i l«irf,'C, ca])Uate, rarely cla-
vate. Capsule iiieinbraiiaceous, linear or linear-davate, 2-cellefl, 4-valved,
many-seeded ; the valves revohite, the 2 opposite ones bearing the nar-
row dissepiment, which is at length se])arable ; the 2 others rather (smaller.
Seeds naked, obovate or oblong, ascending, imbricated in a single series in
each cell. Cotyledons oval : radicle obtuse. — Small and miieli branched
annual herbs, (natives of the Western portion of America) with linear
entire nearly sessile veinless (often revolute) leaves, and minute flowers.
Petals (pale yellow, Juss. but this is doubtful) rose-color, (tide Aiilt. cS: spec.)
Cai)sules pedicellate.

Tlic discovery of several additional species of Gayophytum certainly tends to
confirm tlie genns; but some species of CEnothera (Sphajrostigina) with minute
flowiMP and very short ciilyx-tube approacli it soinowhal loo closely. Sphmrostig-
ma minulifiorum, Fisch. tj- Meyer, judging from a specimen in flower only, belongs
to this genus.

• Stigma small, clutate {flowers larger): pedicels as long as the linear. clavate
torulose capsules : seeds 6-10 in each cell,

1. G. diji'usuin : nearly glabrous; stem divaricately and dichotoniously
much branched above ; flowers terminating the branches ; segments of the
calvx more than half the length of the linear-subclavate minutely canescent
ovars', shorler than the petals : stamens all fertile ; the longer ones about the
length of the petals, with roundish-oval anthers; the shorter with smaller
globose anthers ; style longer than the stamens; stigma small, subclavate ;
capsules obloug, acute at the base, about the length of the capillary pedicels.
QSnothera (Trichomeria) diffusa. Null. ! mss.

Rocky Mountains and plains of Oregon, NutlalJ ! July. — Stems 6-12
inches high, with numerous filifornT branches. Flowers nearly 2 lines in
diameter. Capsules about one-fourth of an inch in length. Radicle shorter
than the oval cotyledons. — The shorter filaments are more than half the
lenffth of the longer ones, with nearly similar, but smaller, apparently pol-
leniferous anthers. Excepting the larger flowers, it wholly accords with the
succeeding species in appearance.

* * Stigma large, capitate (flowers minute).

t Capsules short, linear-clavate, on slender pedicels: seeds 6-10 in each cell.

-2. G. ramosissimum : glabrous, divaricately branched; flowers (very
minute) towards the extremity of the branches ; segments of the calyx
lanceolate-oblong, acute, as long as the petals, rather shorter than the clavate-
oblong ovary ; longer stamens rather shorter than the petals (the 4 alternate
ones wanting?); capsules oblong, acute at (he base, few-seeded, shorter
than the capillary pedicels. — CEnothera (Trichomeria) ramosissima, yult. !
mss.

" Rocky Mountains &c., with the j)rece(ling, from which it is distinguished
principally by its smaller flowers and larger round stigma." yiif/ulL —
This species, "judging from an imperfect Chilian specimen, nearly resembles
the original G. micranthum, H ok. Sf Am. (G. humile, Ailr. Juss.), and
the flowers are about the same size (scarcely a line in diameter) ; but it is
readily distinguished by the capillary pedicels. The flowers in our speci-

65

514 ONAGRACEJE. Eulobus.

men are not in a good state for examination, and we do not observe the
smaller stamens.

t t Capsules linear, on short pedicels : seeds numerous : flowers axillary.

3. G. cfes'nnn: clothed throughout with a minute soft spreading pubescence ;
stem ascending, much branched from the base ; leaves linear-spatulate,
short ; flowers (minute) axillary throughout the branches ; segments of the
calyx about the length of the petals ; longer stamens one-third shorter than
the petals; the 4 alternate ones ver^- short, with minute sterile anthers;
capsules twice the length of the leaves, linear, obtuse, attenuate into a short
pedicel. — (Enothera (Trichomeria) ceesia, Nutt. ! mss.

Oregon, on dry open plains near Wallawallah, Nuttall ! — Stems about a
foot high, producing flowers from near the base to the summit : pubescence
soft and dense. Leaves of the branches 3 lines long. Capsules 6-8 lines
long, slightly torulose, tapering to the base. Seeds linear-oblong, very
small.

4. G. racemosum: glabrous, branching from the base; the branches
mostly simple, ascending ; leaves short, linear, rather obtuse ; flowers (very
minute) axillary throughout the branches ; segments of the calyx about the
length of the petals, slightly exceeding the longer stamens ; shorter stamens
with minute sterile anthers"; capsules'longer than the leaves, linear, rather
obtuse, straight or slightly curved, tapering at the base into a very short
pedicel. — (Enothera (Trichomeria) racemosa, Nutt. ! mss.

Elevated plains of the Rocky Mountains near Black-Foot River, Nuttall!
July .—Stems 4-8 inches high. Capsules half an inch long, very slender,
minutely torulose. — Resembles the preceding.

/ 5. G. Nuttallii: glabrous, stem erect, branching; leaves linear, rather
acute; flowers (minute) axillary, but mostly towards the extremity of the
branches ; segments of the calyx as long as "the petals and style, rather ex-
ceeding the longer stamens ; the alternate stamens very short, with minute
sterile anthers; "capsules shorter than the leaves, linear, slender, 2-grooved,
rather acute at each end, slightly pedicellate, at length often curved. —
CEnothera (Trichomeria) micrantha, Nutt. ! mss., not Gayophytum micran-
thura. Hook. Sf Am.

Rocky Mountains, Nuttall! Douglas .'—Stem 6-12 inches high, branching
above. Leaves 1-2 inches long. Capsules 8-10 lines in length, minutely
torulose, slender, subsessile, very many-seeded.

5. EULOBUS. Nntt. mss.

Tube of the calyx scarcely produced beyond the ovary ; limb 4-parted,
reflexed ; the very short campanulate base invested with a thickened disk.
Petals 4, rhombic-obovate. Stamens 8, inserted into the margin of the disk,
shorter than the petals, the alternate ones much shorter : filaments filiform :
anthers oblona;, fixed below the middle, at length versatile; those of the
shorter stamens roundish and much smaller, fixed by the middle. Ovary
linear-filiform, 4-celled : style somewhat exceeding the longer stamens : stig-
ma rather large, capitate. Capsule linear, very long and narrow, 4-sided,
nearly sessile, straight, refracted, imperfectly 4-celled ; the dissepiments very
thin and narrow, adherent to the valves. Seeds very numerous, obovate-
oblong, naked, erect. — A rather large virgately branched annual herb, with

Clarkia. ONAGRACE^. 515

fistulous stems. Leaves scattered ; the lower ones oblong, unequally pin-
nately lobed; tlic upper linear, nearly sessile, few, denticulate. Flowers
(rather large) axillary along the virgaie branches: petals white changing to
red, evanescent.

E. Californkus (Nutt. ! niss.)

California, Douslas! Bushy plains near St. Diogo, California, NiilUill!
April. — Stem (about 2 feet high) and branches thick, glabrous, with few
scattered leaves. Calyx-segments lanceolate-linear; the extremely short
tube lined with an orange-red disk. Petals about half an inch long, rather
obtuse. Cajjsules 3 inches or more in length, very narrow, obtusely quad-
rangular, strongly refracted ; the valves somewhat membranaceous. — This
plant is not noticed in Hooker and Arnott's account of Douglas's Californian
collection. It is so remarkably like some Cruciferous plant in appearance,
that we were about to describe it under tlie name of Turritopsis, doubting
however whether it should not rather form a subgenus of CEnolhera, notwith-
standing its peculiar habit. It has been cultivated in the garden of the Lon-
don Horticultural Society.

6. CLARKIA. Pursh,Jl. l.p- 2G0, /. 11.

Tube of the calyx slightly prolonged beyond the o^■ary, infundibuliform,
and, with the 4-parted limb, deciduous. Petals 4, unguiculatc, dilated,
3-lobed or entire ; the claw with 2 minute teeth. Stamens 8 ; those opposite
the petals shorter: anthers oblong or linear, fixed near the base, revolute
after impregnation ; those of the alternate shorter stamens smaller, often de-
formed and sterile. Style filiform, surrounded at the base by an annular
epigynous disk : stigma with 4 obovate or oval cruciate lobes. Capsule
4-sided or somewhat cylindrical, attenuate at the summit, 4-celled, 4-valved.
Seeds numerous, ascending, in a single series, obovate, minutely granulose. —
Annual herbs (natives of Oregon and California), with opposite or alternate
entire or slightly denticulate leaves, more or less pctioled. J'lowers axillary,
large, purple or lilac-color, rarely white.

1. C. pulcJieUa (Pursh) : leaves linear or lanceolate; petals large, broadly
cuneiform, tapering into a long claw, which is furnished near the middle with
a small refiexed tooth on each side ; the lobes spreading and denticulate ; al-
ternate stamens abortive ; tlie perfect ones with a glandular scale at the base
of each; lobes of the stigma much dilated, glabrous; capsules pedicelled. —
Pursh! I. c; Lindl.f hot. reg. t. 1100; Hook.! bot. mag. t. 2916, Sf Ji.
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 2U.

P. petals less deeply lobed and more denticulate. HooTc. I. c.
Dry sandy soil, Oregon ! & Northern California ! towards the Rocky
Mountains. — Flowers lilac-purple, sometimes white. Stigma white.

2. C. elegans (Lindl.) : leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, remotely den-
ticulate, on short petioles; petals undivided, rhombic or triangular-ovate,
with a very slender toothless claw; stamens all fertile, those opi)osile the
petals shorter, with a hairy scale at the base of each ; lobes of the stijrma
short and hairy; capsules nearly sessile, hairv. — Lindl. ! hot. reg. t. 1575;
Don, in Brit. ji. gar d. {ser.2) «. 209 ; Hook.' &f Am.! hot. Beechej/, suppl.
p. 340. Phffiostoma Douglasii, Spach, Onagr. p. 74. (excl. syn. C. rhom-
boidea.)

516 ONAGRACEJE. Eucharidium.

Northern California, Dous>;las ! — Flowers smaller than in C. pulchella,
purple : the scales at the base of the filaments clotiied with deep red hairs.
Stigma purjile.

3. C. rhomhoidea (Dougl.): leaves ovate or oblong, on slender petioles;
petals rhomboidal, undivided, the claw short and 2-toothed ; stamens all fer-
tile, with a villous scale at the base of each, those opposite the petals shorter;
lobes of the stigma short and hairy; capsules on short pedicels, nearly gla-
brous.— Dougl. ! in Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 214; Lindl. ! hot. res. t'
1981 ; Hook. S^- Arn. I. c. C. gauroides, Don,in Brit.fi. gard. {ser.2) ^.379.

Oregon ! and Northern California, at a distance from the coast. — Flowers
small. Petals about the length of the calyx, lilac-purple, pale and blotched
with purple near the base. Stigma purple.

4. C. unguiculata (Lindl.) : leaves oblong, sessile, toothed ; ovaries and
calyx villous; petals unguiculate; the limb somewhat sagittate, rounded,
half the length of the claw. Lindl. hot. reg.fol. 1981.

California, Douglas. — Hooker and Arnott liave not noticed this' species in
the Supplement to Capt. Beechey's Voyage, where they observe that C.
elegans varies much in the hairiness of the ovary and calyx.

7. EUCHARIDIUM. Fisch. cV Meyer, 2nd ind. sem., St. Petersb. 1835 ;
Lindl. hot. reg. t. 1962.

Tube of the calyx prolonged beyond the ovary, filifonn, deciduous ; the
limb 4-parted. Petals 4, unguiculate, 3-cleft. Stamens 4, opposite the sepals :
filaments filiform-subulate, shorter than the petals : anthers oblong, fixed
near the base (revolute when dry). Style filiform, surrounded at the base
by a short cylindrical disk : stigma 4-lobed, 2 of the lobes smaller. Capsule
oblong-linear, somewhat cylindrical, 4-celled, 4-valved. Seeds numerous,
in:ibricated upwards, with a narrow membranaceous wing-like margin. — A
small annual ascending herb, with opposite or mostly alternate ovate petio-
late entire leaves. Flowers axillary, sessile, about the length of the leaves :
petals purplish-rose-color, marked witli 3 white lines and 2 purple spots.

E. concirmum (Fisch. & Meyer, 1. c.)

California, at the Russian colony Ross (v, sp. cult.) and St. Francisco,
Douglas. — Plant with much the appearance of Clarkia rhomboidea, but
with smaller flowers.

Subtribe 3. Gaurine^, Spach. — Calyx deciduous from the summit of
the ovary after flowering. Petals somewhat unequal or turned to one side.
Fruit dry and indehiscent or nearly so, 1-celled (usually by abortion), 1-4-
seeded. Seeds suspended, naked. — Leaves alternate.

8. GAURA. Linn. ; G(ertn. Jr. t. 127 ; Lam. ill. t. 281.
Gaura &l. Schizocarya, Spach.

Tube of the calyx much prolonged beyond the ovary, cylindraceous or
sometimes infuridibuliform, deciduous ; the segments 4, or rarely 3, about

Gacra. ONAGRACE^. 617

the leriijtli of the tube, reflexed. Petals 4, rarely 3, ungiiiciilaip, mostly a
little unequal or one-sided. Stamens 8, rarely 6, somewhat declined ; those
opposite the petals a little shorter : anthers fixed near the middle. Ovarj' 4-
(rarely 3-) celled, with 1-2 suspended ovules in each : style filiform, de-
clined or deflexed, thickened at the apex ; stigma 4- (rarely 3-) lobed. Fruit
3_4.ribbed or angled, somewhat ligneous, indohiscent and nut-like, or some-
times 2-4-clcft at the apex, usually by abortion 1-celled and 1-4-seeded.
Seeds not appendiciilate or comose. — Perennial, or sometimes annual or
biennial, lierbs, or suflruticose plants, with entire or toothed mostly sessile
alternate leaves. Flowers in terminal S[)ikes or racemes : petals white or
rose-color, usually changing to red.

"f" 1. G. biinnis (Linn.) : stem villous-pubescent ; leaves oblong-lanceolate,
acute, repand-dcnticulatc, j)ubcscent, or at length glabrous above; seg-
ments of llic calyx about the length of the tube, rather longer than the
spatulale-elliptical slightly declined petals ; fruit oval-oblong, with 4 strong
obtuse ribs, and 4 inconspicuous intermediate ones, slightly acuminate, taper-
insr at the base, almost sessile. — Linn. ! spec. 1. p. 347 ; Lam. ill. t. 281 ;
Michx. ! fl. 1. p. 286 ; Bot. mag. t. 389 ; Ell. sk. 1. p. 346 ; DC. ! prodr.
3. p. 44.

p.Pitchcri: stem somewhat canescently pubescent; the leaves clothed
with a very minute appressed pubescence. — G. Pitcheri, Pickering! in herb,
acad. Phi lad.

In dry soil, along rivers, &c., Canada ! to Georgia, and west to Missouri !
p. Arkansas, Dr. Pitcher! July-Aug.— Stem 3-5 feet high. Bracts cadu-
cous. Flowers crowded. Calyx a little colored. Petals at first white or
pale rose-color, turning to red. 'Anthers oblong-linear. Fruit maturing 1-3
or 4 seeds, minutely villous when young.

' 2. G. angustifolia {Michx.) : stem herbaceous, pubescent; leaves linear
(often fascicled in the axils) undulate, denticulate, acute, slightly pubescent,
the lovvennosl oblong-lanceolate ; segments of the calyx much longer than
the tube and the spatulate-petals ; fruit sessile, ovate, scarcely acute at either
end, with 3-4 strong acute or somewliat winged angles. — Michx. ! fl. 1. p.
226 ,• Ell. sk. 1. ^9^445; Seringe! in DC. prodr. 3. p. 44 ; Spach! Onagr.
p. 58. G. biennis, Walt. ! Car. p. 128. G. undulata, !>«/. cat. ex Spach.
G. fruticosa, Jaccp ic. rar. t. 457, ex Scringe.

In sandy soil, S. Carolina ! Georgia ! and Florida ! July-Aug.— Stem
2-3 feet hi'gh, sparingly branched. Spikes slender. Flowers small. Petals
white. Anthers oval.

3. G.^;//Jf5 (Spach) : stem suflruticose at the base, glabrous or puberu-
lent ; leaves linear or oblong-linear (often crowded and fascicled in the axils),
acute or attenuate at the base, remotely sinuate-toothed or denticulate, some-
times almost pinnatifid, nearly glabrous, often obtuse, mucronate ; branches
of the panicle very slender;"^ calyx and ovary canescent ; the segments
longer than the tube, and exceeding the oblong-obovate or spatulate petals ;
fruit on a filiform pedicel thickened at the apex, obovale-clavate, 4-angled
towards the summit. — Spach ! Onagr. p. 59. G. Michauxii, Spacli, /. c.

H. major: flowers larger; leaves acute, denticulate. — G. longiflora,
Spach ! I. c. ?

In dry mostly barren soil, Virginia, to Georgia ! Florida ! and Alabama I
and from Ohio 1 to Arkansas I ^.Kentucky, Dr. Short! and Florida, Dr.
Chapman! July-Aug. — Stem 2-4 feet high, virgate, branching above,

518 ONAGRACEiE. Gaura.

paniculate at the summit ; the branches of the panicle often leafless and
almost filiform. Flowers loose, rather smaller than in G. biennis : petals
white, turning reddish. Anthers linear-oblong. — In this, as in the other spe-
cies, the form of the fruit varies considerably in the different stages of growth.
In our var. 0. the flowers are nearly as large as in G. biennis, and the leaves
often assume a reddish tint. It differs from G. longiflora, Sjmcli, only in the
larger flowers and the shorter tube of the calyx as compared with the seg-
ments. The length of the pedicel is somewhat variable.

^ 4. G. sinuata (Nutt.) : stem suffruticose and branching at the base, naked
above, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate-linoar, acute, remotely and acutely
sinuate-toothed, glabrous; flowering branches slender, nearly simple, naked ;
flowers loose, pedicelled ; segments of the calyx much longer than the ob-
conic tube ; petals oblong-obovate, on very slender claws, much shorter than
the calyx-segments. — NulL! in DC. 2>Todr. 3. p. 44 ; Spach ! I. c.

Arkansas! Nuttall! T e-aas, Dru7nmond ! — Leaves rather thick, veinless,
with one or two salient teeth on each side. Bracts minute, cuspidate. Ovary
linear-oblong. — The stems are short, diffiise or decumbent, and very leafy,
sending off" slender and quite naked flowering branches 8-12 inches in length.
We have not seen the fruit. Mr. Nuttall states it to be lanceolate, and acu-
minate at each end.

5. G. villosa (Torr.) : stem suffruticose and with numerous short branches
at the base, canescently puberulent, witla villous hairs intermixed ; leaves of
the short sterile branches very numerous, tomentose-canescent, lanceolate,
remotely and acutely toothed, or rarely entire, acute ; flowering branches
naked and elongated, glabrous, often paniculate; bracts subulate, minute,
much shorter than the ovary ; calyx canescent ; the segments twice the
length of the somewhat ventricose tube, much longer than the petals; young
fruit linear, 4-sided, slightly attenuate at each end, on a filiform pedicel, at
length reflexed. — Torr. ! in anv. lye. New York, 2. p. 200.

Near the sources of the Canadian River, Dr. James ! Arkansas? 3Ir.
Beyrich ! — Stem about 3 feet high. Leaves an inch or more in length,
equally pubescent on both sides. Flovv-ering branches often virgately
branched above, perfectly leafless. Racemes loosely flowered ; the flowers
as large as in G. sinuata. Ovary longer than the free portion of the calyx-
tube, about the length of the pedicel ; the calyx-segments about the length of
the tube taken with the ovary. Petals rose-color, with very slender claws.
Anthers linear. Immature fruit very slender, about 4 lines long. The
floral organs are sometimes ternary.

6. G. coca'nea (Nutt.) : somewhat canescent ; stems suffruticose and fas-
tigiately branched from the base, very leafy, ascending ; leaves lanceolate,,
repand-denticulate or entire, closely sessile ; flowers in simple spikes termi-
nating the leafy branches ; bracts linear, rather persistent, longer than the
ovaries ; segments of the calyx linear-oblong, rather shorter than the narrow-
ly infundlbuliform tube, about the length of the roundish unguiculate petals;
fruit elliptical, sessile, short, terete, 4-sided above. — Nutt. ! in Frasefs cat.,
cV gen. 1. p. 249 ,• Pursh, fl. suppl. 2. p. 733 ; DC. I. c. ; Torr. ! in ann.
lye. New York, 2. p. 200 ; Lehm. ! in Hook. I. c. Schizocarya? crispa,
Spaefi, I. c.

13. puberulent, but not canescent ; leaves mostly smaller, often entire ;
segments of the calyx Unear; petals spatulate-obovate. — G. coccinea /?. inte-
gerrima, Torr.! I.e. G. marginata, Lehm.! I.e.

y. stem glabrous below ; leaves Unear, mostly entire, small, and, with the
branches, puberulent. — G. parvifolia, Torr. ! I. c.

6. almost glabrous ; leaves narrowly lanceolate, undulate ; ovaries nearly
glabrous. — G. glabra, Lehm. ! I. c.

Gaura. ONAGRACE^. 519

Arkansas! to the plains of tlie Saskatcliawan ! and to (ho Rorky Moun-
tains! y. On tlie Canadian, Dr. ./t//H^.v / i'. On lliu Saskatcliawan, Drum-
■niond ! — This species has a more nortliern raniie even than G. biennis. The
(i. glabra, Ltlim. appears to us merely a glabrous form, and G. parvifolia,
Torr. a small-leaved state, of this .K])ecies. Stems fi-l'-' inches high. Leaves
small. Flowers rose-color turning to scarlet. Tiiix- of the calyx much
longer than the ovary. Fruit small. — Perhaps not suflieiently distinct from
G. epilobioides.

-/— 7. G. Iripctala (Cav.) : stem erect, fasligiately branched above, somewhat
hirsute, leafy; leaves lanceolate, the radical ones spatulate-lanceolate and on
long petioles, repand or denticulate, acute, clothed with api)ressed pubes-
cence ; spikes slender ; brads carinate, longer tiian the ovaries ; segments of
the calyx and ])etals usually .3 ; the segments about the lengih of the tube,
longer "than the spatulate-oblong jielals ; stamens mostly 6; fruit closcdy ses-
sile, triipietrous (rarely 4-angied), the sides 1-ribbed and plicate-rugose.
Spach.—Cav. ic. 4. j;."66, I. 39(j, /. 1 ; DC. I. c ; i<2^ach, Onagr. p. 56.
G. hexandra, Ortega.

Texas, Drummond, fide Spach. — We have not seen this species, and the
description given above is condensed from JNIr. Spach's Monograph.

8. G. JDrummondii : stem suffruticose at the base, a little hairy below,
virgately branched above ; leaves somewhat canescently puberulent, lanceo-
late, acute, denticulate or somewhat sinuate; spikes slender, few and loosely-
flowered ; bracts ovate, caducous, about the length of -the ovary ; tube of the
calyx about the lengih of the segments and rather shorter than the ovary ;
petals spatulate-oblong ; fruit sessile, very abruptly narrowed at the base
and terete wlien mature, ovate-pyramidal abo^•e, acute, with 4 strong carinate
angles. — Schizocarva Drummondii, Spach ! Onagr. j^. 62 (v. sp. in hcrh.
Webb.) ' ^

Texas, Drummond ! — There are apparently several forms of lliis species in
Drummond's collection : the fruit does not assume its peculiar form until it
is nearly mature. None of our specimens have sessile spikes, and in some
other respects they do not wholly agree with Mr. Spach's detailed de-
scription.

9. G. parvijlora {'Dou^\.): stem tall, erect, and, with the margin of the
. leaves, villous with very soft white hairs ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute or

acuminate, repand-denticulate, clothed with a very short velvety pubescence
on both sides ; spikes virgate, strict, very many-flowered, much elongated in
fruit; bracts lanceolate-subulate ; flowers very small ; tube of the calyx shorter
than the glabrous ovary and longer than the segments ; fruit sessile, oblong-
clavate, 4-nerved, slightly 4-angled (between the nerves) at the apex. —
Lehm. .' in Hook. fi. Bor.'-Am. 1 . ]>. 208, S^' sfirp. pug. 2. p. 58. G. mollis,
Nutt. ! ined. ; Torr. I in ann. hjc. New York, 2. p. 200 ; not of H. B. (^' K.
Schizocarya micrantha, Spach ! Onagr. p. (i2.

Arkansas to the sources of the Platte, Nutlall! Dr. James ! and on the
Wallawallali, Oregon, Douglas! Texas, Drummond ! and near New Or-
leans, Dr. Ingalls ! — Stem somewhat branched, 2-5 feet high, clothed,
besides the long hairs, with a minute slightly glandular pubescence. Leaves
1-3 inches long ; those at the base of the spikes small. Spikes dense, in
fruit often a foot or more long. Petals spatulate-oblong, scarcely unguicu-
late, shorter than the calvx-segments, rose-color. Anthers oval. Lobes of
the stigma very short. Fruit 3-4 lines long, obtuse when fully grown, and
with 4 inconspicuous angles at the summit, nearly terete towards the base,
about 2-seeded. — In the most mature fruit we perceive no disjiositiiMi to be
dehiscent at the apex. Tliis species has a considerable geographical rauge,
and was first described from imperfect specimens.

520 ONAGRACEiE. Jcssi^ia.

9. STENOSIPHON. Sjmch, monog. Onagr. p. 64.

Tube of the calyx filiform or almost capillary, much prolonged beyond
the ovary, recurved or declined after flowering, at length deciduous ; the
limb 4-parted, much shorter than the tube. Petals 4, unguiculate, unequal.
Stamens 8, erect, the alternate ones a little shorter : filaments capillary :
anthers oblong, fixed by the middle. Ovary oval, 1-celled, with 4 sus-
pended ovules : style erect, filiform, dilated at the apex : stigma 4-lobed.
Fruit (very small) coriaceous and indehiscent, ovate, convex externally,
flattish within, about 8-ribbed, 1-seeded. — A tall perennial herb, with virgate
branches, and scattered linear-lanceolate sessile acute nerveless entire leaves,
gradually reduced to bracts. Flowers (white) sessile, crowded, in long and
strict virgate spikes.

S. rirfia^M."! (Spach ! I.e.) — Gaura linifolia, Nutt. ! in James' account of
hong's exped. 2. p. 100 ; Torr. ! in ann. lye. New York, 2. p. 200 ; DC!
prodr. 3. 2^- 45.

On Salt River, Arkansas, Nuttall ! On the upper part of the Canadian,
Dr. James ! Texas, Drummond ! — Spikes in fruit sometimes nearly a foot
long. Bracis subulate, longer than the ovary, rather persistent. Calyx
pubescent; the tube exceedingly slender, 4-5 lines long. Petals rather large
in proportion. Ovary tomentose-pubescent.

Subtribe 4. Jussie^, DC. — Calyx not prolonged beyond the ovary ; the
limb persistent. Seeds very numerous, naked. — Leaves opposite or alter-
nate. Petals sometimes wanting. Capsules tardily dehiscent.

10. JUSSI^A. Linn. gen. p. 215 ; Gcertv. fr. t. 31 ; La)yi. ill. t. 280.

Calyx-tube prismatic or cylindrical, not prolonged beyond the ovary ; the
lobes 4-6, persistent. Petals 4-6, spreading. Stamens twice as many as
the petals. Ovary either flattish at the apex, or crowned with the conical
furrowed base of the style : stigma capitate, 4-6-grooved. Capsule mostly
elongated, 4-6-celled, often ribbed, opening between the ribs. Seeds very
numerous. — Herbaceous or rarely slightly shrubby plants, growing in
marshes. Leaves alternate, mostly entire. Flowers yellow (rarely white)
axillary, often bibracteolate.

1. J. repens (Linn.): perennial, nearly glabrous; stem creeping at the
base, ascending ; leaves lanceolate-oblong or oval, mostly obtuse, tapering at
the base into a slender petiole ; flowers (large) on long pedicels, nodding
before their expansion, with 2 small fleshy bracteoles at the base of the
ovary ; calyx, with the summit of the stem, slightly villous when young
with viscid hairs ; the lobes 5, lanceolate, acute, shorter than the obovate
emarginate petals; stamens 10; capsules cylindrical, slightly attenuate at
the base, much shorter than the pedicels. — Linn, ma.nt. p. 381 ; Swartz, obs.
p. 172 ; DC. prodr. 3. p. 54 ; W. 6^- Am. prodr. Ind. Or. 1. p. 335, Sfin

Jussii:A. ONAGRACE^E. 621

Ilnok. hot. misc. svppl. I. 40. J. Swart/iana, DC. I. c. J. grandiflora, 0.
Hook. S^' Arn. ! in compan. to hot. man;. 1. p. 25.

In ponds, Lonisiana I and Arkansas! Juno-Ang. — Strms rxtrnsively
creeping and floating ; asrending branches l-'J feet liigli. Leaves very
sinootli, veiny ; the petiole about the length of the limb. Pedicels 2 inches
or more in length. — This plant is certaiidy the same with the Ea><t Indian
and S. American J. repens, to which mimorous synonyms are to be referred.
Some of its forms are noticed by Hooker dc Arnott (Bot. misc. 3. p. 312).
The petals in our plant are yellow throughout, not at the base only, as is
represented in the figure cited above.

2. J. grandiflora (Midix.) : jjcrennial, mostly iiirsute or villous ; stem
creeping at the base, erect ; leaves lanceolate, nearly sessile, acute at each
end, the low^er ones spatulate-oblong ; flowers (large) nodding before their
expansion, on short ebracleolate or minutely bracleolate ])edicels ; lobes of
the calyx 5, lanceolate, very acute, hairy, about half the length of the
obovate emarginate jjctals ; stamens 10; ovary about the length of the
calyx-lobes, rather shorter than the pedicels. — Michx. ! fl. 1. p. 207 ; Bot.
mas. t. 2122 ; Ell. si: 1. p. 480 ; DC. ! jnodr. 3. p. 53 ; Hook, c^ Am. I. c.
(excl. 0.)

In bogs and ditches, S. Carolina! and Georgia! May-Aug. — Stem
creeping" extensively, 2-3 feet high, villous when young. Ovary 5-angled.
— We iiave not seen the fruit, whicli, according to Elliott, seldom ripens in
its native situations. It is naturalized in tlie streams around Montpelier in
tJie 9outh of France.

3. J. occidenfalis (Nutt. ! mss.) : perennial ? pubescent ; stem erect,
angled ; leaves lanceolate, acute at each end, sessile or with short petioles ;
flowers (rather large) on very short mostly bracteolate pedicels; lobes of the
calyx 4, ovate, acute, shorter than tlie obovate emarginate petals ; stamens
8; capsules elongated, 4-sided, tlirice the length of the pedicels.

Margin of jionds, Arkansas, Nutfall ! Texas, Drummond /—We adopt
Mr. Nuttall's name for this species, but it will probably prove to be already
described ; perhaps it is .T. angustilblia, Lam. We have the same or a
nearly allied species from the Sandwich Islands.

4. J. Icptocarpa (Nutt.) : annual, mostly hirsute; stem erect or ascending;
leaves lanceolate, nearly sessile ; flowers (small) on short ebracteolate pedi-
cels ; lobes of the calyx usually 6, lanceolate, acuminate, hairy, as long as
the petals; stamens 10-12; capsules linear, almost cylindrical, much longer
than the pedicels.— iN"M«. / gen. 1. p>. 279; DC. prodr. ^. p. 53; Hook. Sf
Am.! in compan. to hot. mag. l.p. 25.

Missouri! to Louisiana! and Arkansas! common, klahiimn, Mr. Buck-
ley! Florida, Mr. Ware! Dr. Chapman! .Tune-Aug.— Stem simple or
sparingly branched, 1-2 feet high. Capsule about li inch or more in length,
straight "or a little arcuate, at length almost glabrous.

/_-5. J. decurrens (DC.) : perennial? glabrous; stem erect, branching, winged
/^ the decurrent leaves ; branches slender ; leaves lanceolate, acute, closely
sessile; flowers almost sessile; lobes of the calyx 4, ovate-lanceolate, acute,
about the length of the obovate petals, shorter than the capsule; stamens 8;
capsules subclavate-oblong, 4-sided, with the angles slightly winged, twice
or thrice the length of the' pedicels. — DC! jrrodr. 3. p. 56. J. erecta, Ab-
bott, insect. Gcorg. t. 40; Hook. Sf Am. in compan. to bot. mag. 1. p. 26;
not of Linn. J.' tenuifolia, Nutt. in Sill. jour. 5. p. 294.' Ludwigia de-
currens, Walt.! Car. p. 89; Ell. sk. \. p. 217. L. jussiaeoides, Michx.! fl.
\. p. 89, not of Lam. 7
a. stem 2-3 inches high, 1-2-flowered. — L. uniflora, Raf.?

C6

522 ONAGRACE^. Ludwigia.

In swamps, 6cc. Virginia! and N. Carolina! to Florida! Louisiana!
and Arkansas ! July-Sept. — Stem about 2 feet high. Leaves mostly biglan-
dular at the base. Pedicels with 2 cordate glands near the middle. — The
depauperate variety was collected near Fayetteville, N. Carolina, by Dr.
McRea.

Jussiaa subacaulis of Pursh is QCnothera hoterantha, Nutt.

11. LUDWIGIA. Linn. gen. jJ- 60 ; Lam. ill. t. 77 ; Ell. sic. 1. p. 214.

Ludwigia & Isnardia, Linn. <^c. (also Ludwigia, DC.)

Calyx-tube prismatic or cylindrical, or somewhat turbinate, mostly short,
not prolonged beyond the ovary ; the lobes 4, mostly persistent. Petals 4,
often minute or wanting. Stamens 4, opposite the lobes of the calyx.
Apex of the ovary either truncate or flattish, or crowned with the pyramidal
or often depressed persistent 4-lobed base of the style (stylopodium) : style
short: stigma capitate, often 4-furrowed or lobed. Capsule short, or rarely
elongated, 4-celled, often opening by the separation or perforation of tlie
stylopodium, at length 4-valved. Seeds very numerous. — Perennial or
rarely annual herbs, growing in wet places. Leaves alternate or opposite,
entire ; the veinlets often confluent along the margins, so as to formi an
intramarginal vein. Flowers axillary, or sometimes spicate or capitate at
the extremity of the stem or branches.

§ 1. Leaves alternate, sessile : capsules short, truncate at the apex, or crowned
with a depressed stylopodium. — Euludvdgia. (Isnardia, DC. partly).

* Flowers large, pedicellate : petals conspicuous : stylopodium large, depressed.

1. L. alternifolia (Linn.): minutely puberulent or almost glabrous;
stem erect, slightly angled, branching ; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate,
rather acute, attenuate at the base and almost petioled ; flowers axillary,
solitary, pedicelled ; pedicels bibracteolate above the middle ; petals scarcely
the length of the large ovate acuminate spreading lobes of the calyx ; cap-
sules shorter than the calj^x, subglobose-cubical, with winged angles. —
Linn. spec. 1. p. 118 ; Lam. ill. t. 77 ; Ell. sk. 1. p. 217 ; Bigel. ! fi. Bost.
ed. 2. p. 60. L. ramosissima, Walt. Car. p. 89. L. macrocarpa, Michx. ! fl.
1. p. 89 ,• Torr. ! fl. 1. p. 180 ; Bart.fl. N. Amer. 1. 14. L. salicifolia, Pair. ?
L. aurantiaca, Raf. in med. rep. 11. pi. 358. L. uniflora, Raf. I. c. ? Isnardia
alternifolia, DC! prodr. "i. p. 122. Rhexia linearifolia, Poir. fide DC.

In swamps, Canada ! to Florida ! and Arkansas ! July-Sept. — Stem
2-3 feet high. Leaves 1-3 inches long, with distinct intramarginal veins.
Pedicels 3-4 lines long. Flowers large, yellow. Calyx-lobes very large
and broad, often purple or reddish within. Anthers very short. Stigma
large. Capsule (as also in L. liirtella and virgata) opening first by a hole
left by the falling away of the style, afterwards by the separation of the
stylopodium or summit of the capsule, which at length often falls in pieces
by loculicidal dehiscence. — Bastard Loosestrife.

-r^~2. L. hirtella (Raf.) : hirsute ; stem erect, scarcely angled ; leaves

' (mostly short) ovate-oblong, the upper ones lanceolate or oblong-linear,

closely sessile, obttise ; flowers (large) axillary, solitarj^ on distinct pedicels,

LuDwiGiA. ONAGRACE^. 523

bibracteolate ; petals scarcely longer than the ovate-lanceolate somcwliat
spreading lobes of the calyx ; capsules villous, subglobosc-cuhical, with
slightly winged angles, e(|ualling or often shorter than the lobes of ilie
caivx. — Rdf. in med. rrp. New York-, 11. 2). .'3o8 ; Ratm. &^' Schull. sifst. 3.
p. 327. L". iiirsuta, Pui\sli,J1. 1. p. 110, not oi' Lam. .' L. pilosa, Ell.' sk.
1. p. 216; Ton.! jl. 1. p. 181; not of Walt.! L. permoUis, Burl. Jl.
Philad. \. p. 52. Isnardia hirsuta, Hook. S^- Am. in compan. lo hot. mag. 1.
p. 26, not of DC. !

In inoist ])laces, sometimes in nearly dry sandy fields. New Jersey ! to
Florida ! and Louisiana ! .Tune-Se))t. — .Stem somewhat woody at the
base, 1-2 feet high, simple or sparingly branched, hirsute with long spread-
ing hairs. Leaves rather crowded, 1-2 inches long, or often smaller, obtuse
or rounded at the base and closely sessile, hirsute on both sides. Flowers
mostly smaller than in L. virgata, bright yellow ; the pedicels shorter than
the capsule. Anihers linear-oblong. — Certainly distinct from L. virgata.
We have ascertained that this species is not the L. pilosa of Walter, as was
supposed, neither is it L. hirsuta of Lamarck (both these authors having
described the L. mollis, Michx.) : hence we are under the necessity of des-
cribuig it under a ditlercut name.

— i^Hj. L. virgata (Michx.) : minutely puberulent ; stem erect, angled above ;
lower leaves oval or oblong; the upper linear, mostly elongated, obtuse,
closely sessile ; flowers (very large) axillary, on slender pedicels, which are
bibracteolate near the summit ; petals larger than the ovate reflexed lobes of
the calyx ; capsules subjjlobose-cubical, with winged angles, about the length
of the lobes of the ca\yi.— Michx. ! fl. 1. p. 89 .'^ Pursh, Jl. I. j). 110 ; Ell.
I. c. ? Isnardia virgata, DC. ! prodr. 3. jj. 60.

In rather dry places, S. Carolina ! to Florida ! and Louisiana ! May-
Sept. — Stem 2-4 feet high, often with virgate branches. Lower leaves about
an inch long; the upper mostly 2-3 inches long and 2-3 lines wide, with dis-
tinct intramarginal veins. Flowers few, yellow. Capsule about 4 lines
broad. — The description of Elliott's L. virgata appears to be taken in part
from L. hirtella.

* * Flowers sessile, mostly small : petals often minute or wanting : stylopodium
small, or none,

-)I— 4: L. linearis (Walt.) : glabrous ; stem erect, slender, sometimes branched,
often stoloniferous at the base, angled above; leaves narrowly lanceolate or
linear, acute at each end; flowers axillary, solitary, sessile, rarely apetalous;
bracteoles very minute; lobes of the calyx triangular-ovate, much shorter
than the capsule, scarcely the length of the oblong-obovate (pale yellow)
petals; capsules elongated-turbinate and 4-sided. — Walt.! Car. p. 89 ; Ell.!
sk. I. p. 214. L. angustifolia, Michx. ! Jl. 1. p. 88. Isnardia linearis, DC. !
prodr. 3. p. 60.

In swamps. Wading River, New Jersey ! to Georgia ! Florida ! and
Louisiana ! July-Sept. — Stem 10-24 inches high ; the stolons bearing obo-
vate leaves. Leaves often crowded or fascicled, with minutely serrulate-
scabrous margins. Style short, very thick. Capsules 3-4 liues long. Seeds
oblong, very smooth.

4--' 5. L. lini folia (Poir.) : glabrous ; stem erect, slender, often branched, and
'stoloniferous at the base, angled above; leaves Hnear, rather obtuse, tapering
at the base ; flowers axillar\-, solitary, sessile ; bracteoles minute ; lobes of
the calvx ovate-lanceolate, nearly as long as the capsule, and about the
lenffth of the petals ; capsules cyUndrical, slender. — Poir. ! suppl. 5. p. 513.
WilmingtOD, N. Carolina, Ddile ! (v. sp. in herb. Desf.) Georgia, Bald-'

624 ONAGRACEiE. Ludw igia.

win! Florida, Dr. Chajman! — Stem 6-18 inches high, branching from the
base, purplisli. Flowers rather larger than in L. linearis, which it much re-
sembles. Capsule 3-4 lines in length, of the same diameter throughout. —
In the fruit this species resembles L. cylindrica, but the flowers are very
diiferent and much larger.

6. L. cylindrica (Ell.): glabrous; stem erect, slightly angled, much
branched ; leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends; flowers (very small) axil-
lary, solitary or somewhat clustered, apetalous, sessile, minutely bibracteo-
late; lobes of the calyx very short ; capsules cylindrical, slightly 4-grooved,
abrupt at each end, rather slender. — JEll. sh. 1. p- 21.3. L. heterophylla,
Pair.! swpj^l. 3. 'p. 512. Isnardia cylindrica, DC! jjrw/r. 3. p. 61.
Jussisea Ijrachycarpa, Lam. fide DC.

0. hrachycarpa : fruit shorter (the length about twice the diameter.)
S. Carolina! to Florida! and Louisiana! ^3. Florida, Dr. Chapman!
Texas, Drummond ! July-Sept. — Stem about 3 feet high. Leaves often ob-
scurely denticulate, with distinct intramarginal veins. Lobes of the calyx
much shorter than the ovary. Capsules 3-4 (in /?. about 2) lines long.
Seeds oblong, slightly curved, shining.

7. L. pilosa (Walt.) : clothed wdth a soft pubescence ; stem erect, much
branched, often stoloniferous at the base ; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceo-
late, mostly acute at both ends ; flowers sessile, axillary and crowded at the
extremity of the branches ; bracteoles lanceolate-subulate, coherent vvdth the
base of the ovary ; petals minute or none ; lobes of the calyx triangular-
ovate, acuminate, nearly the length of the villous-pubescent subglobose
rather 4-sided capsule. — Walt.! Car. p. 89, not oi Ell. ^r. L. hirsuta,
Lam. diet. 3. p. 587 (ex sp. in hcrh. Desf.), not of Pursh, ^r. L. mollis,
Michx.! fl. 1. p. 90 ; Ell! sk. 1. j^- 214! Isnardia mollis, DC! prodr. 3.
p. 60. I. hirsuta, DC. ! I. c, excl. syn. Ell.

In swamps, S. Carolina ! to Florida! and Louisiana ! July-Sept. — Stem
2-3 feet high, almost villous. Leaves of the branchlets short and small;
those of the stems 2-3 inches long ; those of the stolons spatulate. Capsules
a little longer than broad, 2-3 lines in diameter, with a broad and flat
slightly 4-lobcd stylopodium. Seeds oblong-oval, smooth and shining.

' '8. L. alata (Ell.) : glabrous, stem erect, more or less winged by the de-
current base of the lanceolate leaves; flowers axillary, solitary, sessile,
apetalous; bracteoles lanceolate, coherent with the base of the ovar}^ lobes
of the calyx nearly the length of the capsule, broadl}^ triangular-ovate ;
capsules cubical -obconic, the angles slightly winged. — Ell. sk. 1. p. 212.
L. lanceolata. Ell. I. c. Isnardia alata, DC. I. c. I. microcarpa. Hook. Sf
Am.! in compan. hot. mag. 1. p. 26.

In swamps, S. Carolina! and Georgia! to Florida! and Louisiana!
July-Sept. — Stem 1-3 feet high, sparingly branched. Leaves obscurely
and remotely denticulate. Stigma elongated. Capsules small. Seeds
oval. — We have specimens from the late Mr. L. Le Conte, similar, we
presume, to those on which the L. lanceolata. Ell. was founded.

9. L. sph/erocarpa (Ell.) : minutely puberulent or nearly glabrous ; stem
erect, slightly angled; leaves lanceolate, acute, attenuate at the base; flow-
ers axillary, mostly solitary, subsessile, commonly apetalous ; bracteoles
minute or wanting ; lobes of the calyx as long as the capsule, triangular-
ovate ; capsules subglobose, 'small. — Ell. sk. i.p. 214, Isnardia sphasrocar-
pa, DC. ! inodr. 2. p. 61.

In very wet places, near Boston, Mr. Greene ! New Jersey ! to Florida !
and Louisiana ! July-Sept. — Stem 2-3 feet high, at length much branched ;
the lower portion, when growing in water, subject to a peculiar disease of

LuDwiGiA. ONAGRACEiE. 625

the bark, which bocomos very thick and sponjry. Leaves ciliate-scabrrms,
and oficii rcinotclv ;ind oljsciircly ir'andular-denficulafe on the margins. Pe-
tals, when present, small and grcenisli. Capsules 1-2 lines long. Seeds
oval.

-10. L.^)o^/car/9rt (Short & Peter) : glabrous; stem erect, often producing
stolons from tiie base, slightly angled, nuich branched ; leaves narrowly lan-
ceolate, acute, attenuate at the base ; flowers axillary, sessile, solitary, or
clustered, a])elalous; bracteoles linear-subulate, coherent whh the base of the
ovary; lobes of the calvx half the lenmh of the capsule, triangular; capsules
turbinate, 4-sided. — SJiorl cV Pctrr ! '2nd supjA. pi. KcTilurkj/.

In swamps, Michigan, Dr. Pitcher! to Indiana, Dr. Clupp ! Kentucky,
Mr. Gr'tsicold! Dr. Short! S^-c. Aug.-Oct. — Stem 1-3 feel high. Leaves
very miiuitely serrulate-ciliate, with distinct intramarginal veins. Bracteoles
nearly the length of the capsule. Capsules very smooth, about .3 lines long,
crowned with tlie depressed deeply 4-lobed stylopodium. Seeds oblong-
oval.

11. L. microcarpa (jNIichx.) : glabrous; stem procumbent at the base,
often stoloniferous, ascending, often slightly winged ; leaves spatulate-obo-
vate, small, attenuate at the base ; flowers minute, axillary, sessile, bibracteo-
late, apetalous ; lobes of tlie calyx larger than tlie very small somewhat
obpyramidal caiisules. — Michx. ! fl. 1. p. 88 ; Ell. ! sJc. 1^ p. 212. L. glan-
dulosa, Pursh,jl. \. p. 111. Isnardia microcarpa, Poir, not oi DC. I. lan-
ceolata, DC. ! I. c. (ex spec.)

In damp places, S.Carolina I to Florida! July-Sept. — Stem slender,
8-12 inches high, seldom branched, probably perennial. Leaves often ob-
scurely denticulate. Stigma sessile. Seeds obovate, reddish-brown, shining,
very minutely striate.

12. L. cojntata (Michx.) : glabrous; stem slender, erect, somewhat angled,
often stoloniferous at the base ; leaves narrowly lanceolate, obtuse at the base
and closely sessile, acute; the upper ones lanceolate-linear; flowers crowded
in a terminal iiead or spike, sessile ; bracteoles lanceolate, as long as the
ovarj' ; petals very stnall, or none ; lobes of the calyx rather shorter than
the capsule, l)roadly triangular-ovate ; capsules quadrangular and somewhat
turbinate.— il//c/;.r .7 Jl. l^p. 90 ; Ell. ! sk. l.p. 214. L'T suffruticosa, Walt.
Car. p. 90. Isnardia capitata, DC. ! prodr. 2. p. 60.

0. pubens: pubescent; spikes loose ; the bracts longer than the turbinate
capsules.

In wet places, S. Carolina! to Florida! 0. Georgia? Herh. Balduin!
Aug.-Oct. — Stem simple or virgately branched. Cauline leaves with dis-
tinct intramarginal veins ; the upper ones narrow and tnostly elongated, very
acute : those of the stolons obovate, tapering into a short petiole. Seeds
obovate. This species very rarely bears petals.

§ 2. Leaves opposite, mostly petioled . flowers sessile : petals very small or
mostly none : capsule short, tlie apex truncate. — Isnardia, Linn.

13. L. jjalustris (E\\.): glabrous and slightly succulent ; stems procum-
bent and rooting or floating at the base ; leaves opposite, ovate-spatulate,
tapering into a slender petiole ; flowers axillary, sessile, apetalous. or some-
times with small reddish petals ; lobes of the calvx ver}'^ short ; capsules ob-
long, 4-sided, short, not attenuate at the base. — Ell. sk. 1. p. 214. — L. ape-
tala, Walt. Car. p. 89. L. nitida, Michx:.! fl. 1. p. 87. Isnardia palustris,
Linn. ; Hook, in Engl. hot. suppl. I. 2593, &ffl. Bor.-Am. \. p. 215 ; Torr. !

526 ONAGRACEiE. Ludwigia.

jl. 1. p. 182. I. palustris p. Americana, DC! I. c. I. ascendens, Hall, in
Eatoii's man, cd. 8.

In ditches and small streams, Canada ! (from the Saskatchawan !)
and throughout the Northern Sjates ! to Florida, Louisiana, and Oregon !
June-Nov. — Stems purplish, apparently perennial. Flowers very small.
Capsules small. Style almost none. Seeds huff-color, oblong; slightly an-
gled, shining.

^4- 14. L. natans (Ell.) : glabrous, somewhat fleshy ; stems creeping or
^I'sometimes floating ; leaves opposite, ovate-spatulare or oblong, tapering into
a petiole, tlie lowermost sometimes almost sessile ; flowers axillary, sessile ;
petals (yellow, Ell.) as long as the ovate-triangular acute lobes of the calyx,
sometimes none ; ovary bibracteolate ; capsules 4-sided, tapering towards
the base.— -E//. sk. 1. p. 581.

In streams or swamps, S. Carolina, Elliolt ! Florida, Dr. Chapman !
Louisiana, Dr. Hale ! July-Oct. — Differs from the preceding in its larger
flowers ; the fruit twice or thrice the size, usually with 2 conspicuous bracts,
and attenuate from the middle to the base, when young turbinate, at length
quadrangular.

1 5. L. spathulata : finely pubescent throughout, not shining or succulent ;
stem branching from the base, ascending ; leaves opposite, oval, tapering
into a margined petiole ; flowers axillary, sessile, apetalous ; lobes of the
calyx very short ; capsules (small) somewhat ovoid, obscurely 4-sided,
pubescent.

Middle Florida, Dr. Chajyman.'— Stem 8-12 inches high, slender, diffusely
branched from the base, ajiparently annual. Leaves about an inch in
leno-th, the margined petiole about the length of the limb, cl'clied, like the
stems, with a fi^ne appressed slightly hoary pubescence. Flowers very
small. Style very short. Seeds fuscous, shining, minutely striate with dark
brown lines.

§ 3. Leaves opposite, sessile : jioxoers on filiform ])eduncles : petals conspicu-
ous : capsule clavate-turbinate, the apex croivned with a short conical stylo-
podium. — Ludwigiantha.

16. L. arcuala (Walt.) : glabrous or nearly so; stem creeping; leaves
opposite, oblanceolate, sessile ; flowers solitary, on long filiform axillary
peduncles; petals obovate (bright yellow), exceeding the linear-lanceolate
acuminate spreading lobes of the calyx ; capsules clavate-oblong, at length
arcuate, about the le'ngth of the persistent lobes of the calyx. — IValt. Car. p.
89. L. pedunculosa,"M;c/ur. / Jl. 1. p. 88 ; Pursh, fl. 1. p. Ill ; Ell. ! sk.
1. p. 215. Isnardia pedunculosa, DC. ! prodr. 3. p. 60.

In bogs and swamps, near the coast, Virginia to Georgia ! and Florida!
May-July. — Stem 3-10 inches long, rooting at each pair of leaves, some-
times branched. Peduncles twice o"r thrice the length of the leaves, with a
pair of setaceous bracteoles near the summit. Flowers large for the size of
the plant. — The leaves are marked with translucent linear dots, which are
also more or less apparent in most species of this genus, as Avell as in many
of CEnothera and Epilobium.

L glandulosa and L. rudis of Walter cannot be determined by the description
given by that author, and no specimens exist in his herbarium.

L. tuberosa of Rafinesque {ann. nat. p. 15.) appears to be either L. virgata
or L. alternifolia.

CiRC^A. ONAGRACE^. 527

Tribe II. CIRCiEEiE. DC.

Flowers rofrular and symmetrical, with a binary arrangoment,
viz: Lobes of the calyx, petals, and stamens 2. Capsule 2 called,
2-vulved. Seed solitary in each cell, erect. — Leaves opposite,
petioled.

Lopczia, with Pomoianclr.i and Diplandni, Hook. ^- Am., and porlinps Ilauya,
will doubtless form a distinct tribu.

l-,>. CIKCyEA. Tmmu; Lam. ill. I. Id : Garln.fr. l. 24.

Tube of the calyx slightly prodiircd hoyond llic ovary; the free portion
nearly filled whh a cup-shaped disk, deciduous; the limb 2-partcd. Petals
2, obcordate. Stamens 2, alternate with the petals : filaments filiform : an-
thers short. Style filiform : stigma somewhat capitate, emarginate. Cap-
sule obovate, 2-cellcd, at length 2-valved, with a single erect seed in each
cell, hispid with hooked hairs. — Perennial herbs, with opposite petioled
membranaceous leaves. Flowers small (white or pale rose-color), in termi-
nal and lateral racemes. — Enchanter^s Nightshade.

- 1. C. Lutetiana (Linn.) : stem niostly pubescent ; leaves ovate, some-
what cordate, acuminate, slightly repand-toothed, usually longer than the
petiole ; bracts none ; disk projccling beyond the tube of the calvx. — Linn.!
spec. 1. p. 8 {13. Canadensis) ; Michx.! fl. 1. p. 17 ; Torr. ! ft. 1. p. 29.
C. Canadensis, Muhl.

Moist rich woodlands, Canada ! to tlic mountainous portions of the South-
em States. July. — Stem branching, swollen at the nodes, 1-2 feet high.
Petals reddish-wliite. Fruit reflexed. Leaves marked wuh minute Unear
dots (under a lens), as in numerous plants of die family.

y Q. C. alpina (Linn.): glabrous; stem weak; leaves cordate, sliining,
rather coarsely toothed, as long as the petioles ; pedicels subtended by
minute setaceous bracts ; disk scarcely or not at all prf)jecting beyond the
tube of the calvx; fruit pubescent but scarcelv hispid. — Linn..' I.e.; Engl,
hot. t. 1057 ,• Michx.! I. c. ; Torr. ! I. c. ; Hook. ! ji. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 215.

Damp close woods on decayed trunks with mosses, Canada (from the
Saskatchawan !) and Northern States! west to Oregon! .July.— Stems
commonly 3-8 inches high. Flowers and fruit smaller. — The characters
hy wliich we chiefly distinguish tliese two species ajjpear to be constant,
except the toothing of the leaves and the length of the petioles, which are
not gready to be depended on. All the si)ecimpns of C. intemiedia that we
have examined seem to us referible to C. Lutetiana.

Pleurandra, Raf. ft. Ludoviciana (afterwards changed to Pleurostemon), and
Onosuris of the same author (which is not Camissonia, Link) were characterized
from the popuhu- descriptions in Robins' Travels in Louisiana, while the plants
themselves appear never to have been seen by any botanist whatever.

Suborder HALORAGE^. R. Br. ; DC. (cxcl. Callitriche.)

Limb of the calyx 3-4-lobed or entire. Petals 3-4, small, or some-
times wanting. Stamens as many or twice as many as the lobes of tho

528 HALORAGEiE. Proserpinaca.

calyx, or sometimes fewer, inserted with the petals into the summit
of the calyx. Ovary coherent with the calyx, 1-4-cellecl, with a
soHtary pendulous ovule in each cell : style none : stif^mas equal
in number with the cells of the ovary, papillose or penicillate, dis-
tinct. Fruit dry and indehiscent, membranous or bony, 1-4-celled.
Seed anatropous, with a thin fleshy albumen. Embryo straight :
radicle long and tapering : cotyledons minute. — Herbs or sudVuticose
plants, growing in water or wet places. Leaves alternate, opposite,
or verticillate. Flowers very small, axillary, sessile, occasionally
moncEcious or dioecious.

13. PROSERPINACA. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 50 ; Juss. in ann. mus. 3-

J}. 320, t. 30,/. 1.

Tube of the calyx 3-sided ; the limb 3-parted. Petals none. Stamens 3.
Stigmas oblong, papillose. Fruit bony, triquetrous, 3-celled. — Perennial
aquatic herbs ; the stems creeping at the base. Leaves alternate, serrate or
pectinately parted. Flowers axillary (perfect), solitary or 3-4 together.
Parts of the flower rarely quaternary.

--^^ 1. P. palustris {hinn.) : leaves lanceolate or linear, sharply serrate ; the
lowermost (when submersed) pectinately incised or pinnatitid ; fruit acutely
triquetrous.— Z-i««. / act. Ups. 1741, p. 81 ; Michx. ! ft. 1. p. 76 ; Ell. sk.
1. p. 181 ; Tan: ! fl. 1. ^?. 161 ; DC. ! prodr. 3. p. 67. Trixis palustris,
Gcertn. fruct. 1. p. 115, t. 24.

Swamps, ponds, and ditches (Canada, PursJi), Vermont ! and Massachu-
setts ! to Florida ! and Arkansas ! June-Aug. — Stems 6-20 inches in
length. Stigmas (purplish) cylindrical, obtuse.

^-A'2. P. pectinacea (Lam.): leaves all pectinate; the segments linear-
subulate; angles of the fruit rather obtuse. — Lam. ill. t. 50, /. 1 ; Pursh,
fl. 1. p. 92 ;^Ell. I. c. ; Ton: ! fl. 1. p. 162 ; DC. ! I. c. P. palustris /?.
Michx. ! I. c.

Sandy swamps, Plymouth, Massachusetts, Mr. OaJces ! Mr. TucJcerman !
New Bedford, Mr. T. A. Greene! and New Jersey ! to Florida! August.
(May in the Southern States.) — Stigmas attenuate above. Plant smaller
than the preceding species ; the fruit smaller, rather than larger as stated by
Elliott and DeCandoUe. The latter author has inadvertently described the
leaves as opposite in the character of the genus.

14. MYRIOPHYLLUM. Vaill. ; Linn. ; Gcertn. Jr. t. 68 ; Lam. ill.

t. 775 ,• DC. prodr. 3. p. 68.

Flowers monoecious or frequently perfect. Calyx 4-parted in the sterile
flowers, 4-toothed in the pistillate and perfect flowers. Petals 4, frequently
inconspicuous or wanting. Stamens 4 or 8, rarely 6 ? Ovary 4-celled :
stigmas oblong or linear, often compressed, penicillate or papillose along the
inner surface, recurved. Fruit of 4 nut-like indehiscent carpels, cohering
by their inner angles, and enclosed in the adherent tube of the calyx, apicu-
late with the base of the stigmas. — Aquatic usually submersed perennial
plants, the upper part emersed while flowering. Leaves verticillate, some-

Myriopiitllum. HALORAGEjE. 529

times op])ositc or alteniate ; the submersed ones pinnatcly parted, with capil-
lary or filiform scrrnients. Flowers sessile in the axils of the upper loaves
(which are often reduced to bracts), bibracteolatc ; the uppermost usually
staminate, the lower fertile, and the intermediate often perfect. The stami-
nate flowers usually bear abortive pistils, and the pistillate often produce
sterile stamens.

§ 1. Flowers octandrous : petals caducous: carpels not ridged on the lack:
leaves verlicillate. — Sjioiidyloiiliyllum.

^-1. M. spicatum (Linn.) : leaves ternately verticillate, all pinnately parted
'^ with capillary segments; floral leaves (bracts) shorter than the flowers, ovate,
entire, the lowermost larger and serrate ; petals broadly ovate ; carpels
smootli and even. — Linn.! spec. 2. p)- 992; Michx. .' Jt." 2. p). 190; Fl.
Dan. f. 981 ; Engl. hot. t. 83 ; DC. ! prodr. 3. p. 68 ; Hook. ! fi. Bor.-Am.
I. p. 21 G.

Deep ponds, Canada ! (from Bear Lake, Richardson) and Northern
States ! to Arkansas ! July-Aug. — Stem very long and slender, branching.
Floral leaves inconspicuous, whence the inflorescence appears as a terminal
interrupted leafless spike. Bracteoles triangular-ovate, about half the length
of the bract. Lobes of the calyx somewhat ol)tuse. Anthers oblong.
Stigmas short, pubescent along the inner side. — Water-J^lilfoil {Miile-
feuille.)

2. M. vcrticillatum (Linn.) : leaves ternately verticillate, the lower ones
pinnately parted with capillary or setaceous segments ; floral leaves pecti-
nate-pinnatifid, commonly much longer than the flowers; petals oblong-
obovate ; carpels smooth and even. — Linn. ! I. c. ; Michx. ! fi. 2. p. 190 ;
Engl. hot. t. 218; Ell. sk. 2. p. 588 ; DC. I. c.

In ponds and streams, Canada ! to Florida ? and Texas ! Oregon, Nut-
tall ! July-Sept. — Stem stouter than in M. si)icatum. Bracteoles minute-
Lobes of the calyx nearly lanceolate, acute, minutely serrulate. Anthers
oblong. Stigmas linear-oblong, at length woolly. — Water-Milfoil.

§ 2. Flotcers tetrandrous {or hexandrous, according to Michaux and Elliott) :
petals sotnewhat persistent : carpels 1-2-ridged on the back: leaves verticil-
late.— Spondylastrum .

3. M. heterophyllvm (Michx.) : stem tliick ; leaves mostly quinately
verticillate, the lower ones pinnately parted with attenuated capillary seg-
ments; floral leaves ovate or lanceolate (thick), sharply serrate, crowded ;
petals oblong; carpels minutely roughened, slightly 2-ridged and tuberculate
on the \mck.— Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 191 ; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 274; Ell. sk. 2. j?.
588 ; DC. ! prodr. 3. p. 69. Potamogeton vcrticillatum, Walt. Car. p. 90 ?

In ponds and slow-flowing streams, Canada (near the Falls of Niagara !)
and New York ! to Florida! Louisiana! Arkansas! and Texas! June-
Sept. — Stem branching, often more than one-fourth of an inch in diameter
towards the base. Submersed leaves rather small ; the floral ones some-
times scattered, varying from ovate to linear-lanceolate ; the lowest pecti-
nate-pinnatifid. Bracteoles about the length of the petals, serrulate. Lobes
of the calyx minute, acute or acuminate. Petals at length somewhat
scarious and involute. Stamens (6, Michaux) 4 in all our specimens :
anthers linear. Carpels cohering at the axis merely.

-J- 4. M. scabratum (Michx.) : stem rather slender ; leaves quaternately and
' 67

530 HALORAGE^. Mtriophyllum.

quinately verticillate, or often somewhat scattered; the lower ones pinnately
parted, with few and very slender capillary segments ; floral leaves linear,
pectinately tootlied or pinnatilid-serrate ; petals oblong ; carpels strongly
2-ridged on the back, the ridges tuberculate. — Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 190 ; Ell.
I. c. ; DC. x>rodr. 3. p. 69. Potamogeton pinnalum, Walt.! Car. p. 56.

In shallow ponds &c. throughout the Southern and Western States !
April-July. — Stems 6-12 inches" high. Bracteoles ovate, serrulate. Lobes
of the calyx very small, triangular-lanceolate. Petals mostly mucronate.
Stamens 4 (6, Elliott) : anthers oblong. Stigmas linear, heset with long
purple hairs. Carpels cohering at the axis; the tuberculate ridges promi-
nent in the mature fruit, the re-entering angles well defined ; the sides smooth
and even, or minutely scabrous.

5. M. liippuroides (Nutt. ! mss.) : leaves quaternately verticillate; the
lower ones pinnately parted, with capillary segments ; floral leaves linear,
remotely denticulate or serrate ; petals obovate ; carpels nearly even, slightly
2-ridged on the back. — M. scabratum, Cham. 8^- Schlecht. in Linnaa, 4.
p. .50"6.

Oregon, in ponds of the Wahlamet, Nuttall! California, near St. Fran-
cisco, Chamisso (without fruit). — Appears nearly to resemble the preceding;
but the fruit is very different.

§ 3. Flowers tetrandrous : petals someiohat persistent : carpels not ridged on
the back: leaves alternate, or almost wanting: terrestrial or aquatic. —
Ptilophyllum, Nutt. (Purshia, Raf. Hylas, Bigelmo.)

6. M. ambiguum (Nutt.) : submersed leaves pinnately parted into (about
10) much attenuated capillary segments ; the scarcely emersed ones pecti-
nate : the upper floral ones linear, tapering into a short petiole, sparingly
incised or toothed, sometimes entire ; flowers mostly perfect ; petals oblong ;
carpels smooth and even (ndnute), slightly coherent.

a. natans : stems floating ; emersed leaves as in var. y. ; the floating ones
capillary.— I>C..' prodr. 3. p. 70. M. (Ptilophyllum) ambiguum, Nutt..'
gen. 2. p. 212.

/?. capillaceum: leaves all immersed and capillary. — M. capillaceum,
Torr. ! compend.

y. limosum (Nutt.) : small ; stems procumbent and rooting; leaves all linear
(rigid), sparingly toothed or lobed, often entire. — Nutt..' I. c. ; DC. I. c.
M. procumbens, Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. j^. 346. Purshia humilis, Raf. in
New YorJc, med. rep. 2. p>' 361, fide icon, iiied. H^'las pinnatus, Bigel.
ined. fide Hook.

In ponds and ditches (a. & /?.) and in wet miry places (y.) Massachusetts !
and Long Island, New York ! to New Jersey ! and Pennsylvania ! July-
Aug. — Stems much branched (in y. 2-6 inches long) : the leaves scattered.
Flowers minute. Petals (calyx, Nutt.) persistent, purplish. Anthers
oblong. Stigmas penicillate. — Varies greatly in appearance, according to
the situation in which it grows.

*7. M. tenellum (Bigel.) : stems (scapes) almost leafless, simple, arising
from a prostrate rhizoma ; floral leaves or bracts minute, entire ; flowers
(6-15, monoecious) alternate ; petals linear-oblong; carpels smooth and even.
—Bigel..' fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 346 ; DC. ! I. c. ; Hook. .' fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p.
216. M. nudum, LaPylaie! ined. Hylas aphyllus, Bigel. ined.

Borders of ponds, Newfoundland, La Pylaie ! New England States ! and
Northern part of New York ! July. — Scapes slender, 4-10 inches high,
with numerous scale-like rudiments of leaves, often 4-6 from the saiue

HippLRis. HALORAGEif:. 531

slendrr rhizoina, of wliicli sovoral arc infrrlile. Floral Icavos a little longer
than the ))ur])li.sli flowers. Anthers oblong. Sliginas penicillate. — We have,
beautiful specimens from Mr. Oakes and Mr. Tuekerinan, but the ripe fruit
is wanting.

15. HIPPURIS. Linn. ; Grcrln.fr. t. 84 ; .luss. in ami. mus. 3, t. 30,/. 3.

Calyx with a minute entire limb. Pel.-ils none. Stamen 1, inserted on
the margin of the calyx. Style filiform, stigmalie the whole length, received
into a groove of tlie stamen. Fruit cartilaginous, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Seed
pendulous. — Aquatic perennial herbs, with simple stems, verticillate entire
leaves, and axillary minute flowers, which are often polygamous. — Horse-tail.

—4. H. vulgaris (Linn.): leaves in whorls of 8-12, linear, acute, sphace-
late at the apex. Hook. — Linn. spec. 1. jj. 4; Engl. bot. t. 763; Michx. !
Jl. 1. }J. 1 ; Torr. ! ft. 1. ;;. 2 ; Hook. ! Jl. Bor.-Anu \. p. 217.

P. lower leaves much longer, membranaceous, not sphacelate at the apex.
Hook. I. c.

In ponds and borders of lakes, Labrador ! Greenland, and Subarctic
America! Sitcha and N. W. Coast, to New York ! and Pennsylvania? —
Stem a foot or more high. — This ])lant is very uncommon in the United
States, and is only found in the more northern portions. The plant so called
in the late Mr. Drummond's collection, from Quaker Bridge, New .Jersey
{Cotnpan. to hot. mag. 1. j). 46), which it w-as thought might prove a distinct
species, is Sclerolepis verticillata (Sparganophorus, Michx.), without flowers,
in which case it often much resembles Hi{)puris.

—^2. //. maritima (Hellen.) : leaves 4-6 in a whorl, lanceolate, obtuse, not
sphacelate at the apex. Hook. — Hellenius, diss. Hipp. (1786) ; Fl. Dan. t.
1261 ; Reichcnb. ic. bot. t. 86, /. 182 ; DC. I. c. ; Hook. I. c. H. tetra-
phylla, Linn. f. suppl. p. 81 ; Richards, appx. Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. 2.

Subarctic America from Labrador to Kotzebue's Sound. — Probably too
near H. vulgaris.

3. H. montana (Ledeb.) : very small and slender ; leaves about 6 in a
whorl, linear, acute. — Lcdeb. in Reichenb. I. c. f. 181 ; Cham. Sf Schlecht.
in Linncea, 4. p. 507 ; DC. I. c.

Turfy places, Unalaschka, Eschscholtz I Chamisso. — The plant has quite
the habit of a small Galium.

Order LVII. LOASACE^E. Juss.

Sepals united into an equally S-lobed calyx, persistent. Petals o,
sometimes 10, the inner series (transformed stamens ?) mostly dis-
similar or smaller, inserted in the throat of the calyx. Stamens
numerous, rarely few or definite, inserted with the petals ; a portion
of the outer filaments often dilated or petaloid and mostly sterile ;
the others commonly disposed in fascicles opposite the petals and
slightly united : anthers innate or adnate. Ovary coherent with
the tube of the calyx, l-celled, with mostly 3 parietal placentae, "or
with 1 free central lobed one" (Lindl.) : ovules numerous, or some-

632 LOASACE^. Mentzelia.

times few, rarely solitary : styles usually united into one. Fruit
mostly capsular or succulent, crowned with the limb of the calyx.
Seeds anatropous, either numerous, few, or rarely solitary, not aril-
late, usually with more or less fleshy albumen. Cotyledons flat or
plano-convex. — Herbs (all American), sometimes climbing or twin-
ing, mostly armed with bristly stinging hairs, which secrete an acrid
juice, and rough with a barbed pubescence. Leaves alternate or
opposite, lobed or toothed, without stipules. Flowers commonly
large and showy, mostly yellow.

1. MENTZELIA. {Plwnier?) Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 425. Juss. in ann.
mus. 5. p. 24.

Mentzelia & Bartonia, Nutt., Pursh, ^c. — Acrolasia, Presl.

Tube of the calyx cylindrical or clavate ; the limb 5-parted. Petals .5, or
sometimes 10, plane, spreading or erect-sjireading, mostly somewhat ungui-
culate : sestivation convolute. Stamens indefinite (30-200 or more), or rarely
10-20 ; five or more of the exterior filaments often dilated, or petaloid and
sterile, the others filiform and often in 5 or more phalanges : anthers oval,
innate. Ovary coherent with the tube of the calyx, with 3 (rarely more?)
parietal placentae : ovules numerous or reduced to a single one on each pla-
centa : styles 3, filiform, connate so as to appear simple and often spirally
twisted, but usually divisible to the middle : stigmas simple, minute. Cap-
sule crowned with the lobes of the calyx, 1 -celled, 3- (or more ?) valved at
the summit, 3-many-seeded. Albumen thin or almost none : cotyledons
broad and flat. — Branching herbs, more or less rough and tenacious with
rigid barbed hairs. Leaves alternate, coarsely-toothed or sinuate-pinnatifid.
Flowers mostly sessile, 1-3 together, golden yellow, or rarely whitish.

We are constrained to adopt the suggestion of Hooker «fe Arnott (Bot. Beechey,
suppl. p. 343 ; see also Hook. f. Bor.-Am, 1. p. 222,) and to refer Bartonia, Nutt.
as well as Acrolasia, Presl. to Mentzelia. In his manuscript notes recently com-
municated to us, Mr. Nuttall establishes the genus Trachyphytum, to include
Bartonia albicauUs, Hook, and other species which have no inner series of petals
or dilated filaments, and 20 or more cubical seeds arranged in a single series on
each placenta ; while his Bartonia is distinguished by its double rows of com-
pressed or winged seeds, and by having a portion of the filaments dilated or
changed into petals. But Trachyphytum, of which some species have wholly
the habit of the large-flowered Bartonias, is only distinguished from Mentzelia by
the rather more numerous seeds ; and Bartonia micrantha. Hook, t^ Arn., which
has 5 petaloid filaments, has a S.seeded capsule. Could the Bartonia of Nuttall be
retained as a genus, we fear that the name would require to be changed ; as the
Bartonia of Muhlenberg and Willdenow (1801) is much older, and was published
two years before Centaurella, Miehx. (1803)

§ 1. Seeds 3-9, often minutely striate: filaments all nearly equal and filiform,
or 10 of them longer and more or less dilated : flo^ccrs expanding in direct
sunshine. — Eumejvtzelia.

Mentzelia. LOASACEiE. 533

1. M. oUsospenna (Nutt.) : " roimh witli raullibarhc hairs, difhotomous :
leaves lanceolate-ovate, often acuniinatc, on vep>' sliort petioles, euneate at
the base, inci-sely toothed or somewhat lohed ; petals cnneate-oljlon/r, cuspi-
date, entire, a little longer than the [L*0 or more] stamens ; cajjside very
narrow, about 3-secded ; seeds [finely striate with sinuous lines] linear-
oblong." Nutt. ! in hot. mnir. I. 1760 ; DC. ! prndr. 3. p. 343. M. aurea,
Nutt.! gen. I. p. 300,- Torr.! in ann. lye. NcicYork, '2. p. 109.

In rocky places, Missouri ! Arkansas ! anil Tex!i.s ! to the Rocky Moun-
tains. May-.Iuly. — H Root tul)erous and succulent. Flowers deep golden-
yellow, 8-i() lines in diameter, expanding in sinishine, evanescent. Seeds
at lenjTth trianirular, elongated. — Five or more of the filaments are usually
slightly dilated.

2. M. rliomhifolia (Nutt. ! mss.) : " somewhat rough with multibarbe
hairs, dichotomous ; leaves rhombic-ovate, mostly obtuse, almost sessile,
repandly-crenate and angular; petals cuneate-oblong, somewhat pointed;
capsule narrow, about 3-seeded ; seeds angular, oblong.

Plains of Red River, Arkansas. — li Nearly allied to the preceding, but
with very diH'erent foliage, the leaves being nearly as broad as long, clothed
with short appressed luurs, and with few and slight dcnticulations." Nultall.
— We have not seen the flowers.

3. M. Floridana (Nutt. mss.) : slightly roughened, the hairs mostly multi-
barbe, dichotomous; leaves deltoid-ovate, acute, unequally toothed, trun-
cate and 2-lobrd at the base, distinctly petioled ; petals cuneate-oval, obtuse,
a little longer than the (about 30) stamens ; capsules clavate, about 6-seeded ;
seeds oval, flattish, abruptly narrowed towards the base, minutely striate.

East Florida, Dr. Baldwin and Mr. T. Peak, fide Nuttall. Tampa
Bay, Dr. Leavenivorth ! — H Leaves slightly scabrous. Flowers rather
small, golden-yellow. Capsules hispid with nmltibarbe hairs. Seed con-
formed to the shape of the embryo, with scarcely any albumen. Cotyledons
broad and flat, longer than the radicle. The petals, according to Nuttall, are
obtuse, with a small bluut point. — Apparently nearly allied to M. hispida.

§ 2. Seeds 20 or more, in a single series on each placenta, minutely tuhercu-
late-scahrous, someivhat cubical : filaments alljUiform, : petals 5, expanding
in direct sunshine : root annual. — Trachtphytum, Nutt. mss.

4. ]\'I. Lindleyi : muricate-hispid ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, sessile or"
slightly clasping, deeply pinnatifid ; the lobes lanceolate or linear, often
toothed, the terminal one prolonged and mostly acute ; bracteoles at the base of
the cal}^ pinnatifid ; flowers (large) solitary or 2-3 together at the extremity
of the branches ; petals obovate, pointed with a short acumination, twice the
length of the lanceolate acute or acuminate calyx-segments; filaments very
numerous, all filiform ; ca))sules hirsute, elongated, somewhat thickened up-
wards; seeds numerous. — Baitoma aaiea, Lindl. .' bat. r eg. 1. 1831 ; Hook..'
hot. mag. t. 3649.

California, Douglas ! — Stem 2-3 feet high, branched. Petals 1-li inch
in length, deej) golden yellow, expanding in bright sunshine. Capsules 1-2
inches long, arcuate-recurved. — The pubescence consists of hispid hairs,
bulbous at tlie base, and minutely denticulate ; with much smaller very
minutely retrorsely barbate hairs intermixed. — In referring tills species to the
genus Mentzelia, we are unwllingly obliged to change the specific name, to
prevent confusion between it and the Mentzelia aurea of Nuttall's Genera.
We therefore propose that it bear the name of the justly celebrated botanist
who first described it.

534 LOASACEiE. Mentzelia.

5. M. gracilenta : stem pubescent ; leaves lanceolate-linear, sessile, mu-
ricate-scabrous, jiinnatifid, the lobes short, obtuse, mostly entire ; bracteoles
at the base of the calyx pinnatifid ; flowers clustered at the summit of the
stem ; petals cuneiform-obovatc, obtuse or retuse, more than twice the length
of the ovate-lanceolate calyx-segments ; filaments numerous (40 or more),
tiUform-subulate ; ovary obconic ; ovules 20 or more.

California, Douglas! — Since this plant is not noticed in Hooker & Arnott's
account of Douglas's collection, we are led to doubt whether it may not be
considered a slender variety of the preceding species ; but it is much smaller ;
the flowers not half the size ; the petals not at all pointed ; and the outline of
the leaves different. The filaments are dilated and somewhat united at the
base.

6. M. albicaulis (Dougl. mss.) : low, branching from the base; stem
white and polished and nearly glabrous below ; leaves lanceolate, remote,
deeply sinuate-pinnatifid, sessile, scabrous ; flowers (small) solitary or most-
ly in loose clusters, not bracteolate ; petals obovate, scarcely exceeding the
short subulate-lanceolate calyx-segments ; filaments (20-30) all subulate-
filiform ; capsules cylindrical, narrow, elongated ; seeds 20-40. — Bartonia
albicaulis. Hook. ! fi. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 222. Trachyphytum albicaulis &
T. gracile ! Nutt. mss.

Arid sandy plains of the Oregon, under the shade of Purshia tridentata,
Douglas. Plains of the Oregon and Rocky Mountains, Nuttall! June. —
Stern 6-10 inches high. Petals about 2 lines in length, yellow. — The pu-
bescence, although less in degree, is of two kinds, like that ofM. Lindleyi, &c.

7. M. coTi.eesCa (Nutt. ! mss. under Trachyphytum) : " stem dichotomous,
smooth ; leaves short, ovate, somewhat pin!iatifid or incisely toothed, the up-
per ones clasping, bracts membranaceous, toothed, as long as the clusters of
(small) flowers ; capsules clavate-oblong, about 20-seeded.

" Pv-ocky Mountains, on Lewis River, rare. — Flowers in sessile clusters,
3-5 together, enveloped by the membranaceous bracts. Calyx-segments
linear-lanceolate, acuminate. Petals 5, small, yellow." Nuttall. — Our
specimen is in fruit only. The stem is white and polished : the pubescence
as in M. Lindleyi, &c. Besides the sheathing floral leaf, there is a pair of
smaller bracteoles at the base of the calyx.

§ 3. Seeds numerous, in a double series, compressed or winged, jive or more of
the exterior filaments dilated, often sterile and j^etaloid ; petals 5-10 ; the
inner series {transformed stamens ?) usually smaller: root mostly biennial. —
Bartonia, Nutt. not o/Willd.

* Flowers vespertine, yellowish-white.

8. M. ornafa : rough with short barbed hairs ; leaves oblong-lanceolate,
sessile, interruptedly sinuate-pinnatifid ; the segments rather acute ; flowers
(very large) terminating the branches, bracteolate ; petals 10, lanceolate-
ovate, concave and spreading, unguiculate, acute, the 5 inner ones somewhat
smaller, twice the length of the lanceolate calyx-segments ; filaments very
numerous, all filiform; capsules 5-7-valved at the summit; seeds numerous,
on 5-7 placentfE, compressed, scarcely margined. (Character arranged from
Nutt. g-er?.)— Bartonia ornata, Nutt. gen. 1. p. 297; Pursh, ft. 1. p. 326;
Bart. Jl. N. Amer. t. 81 ; DC. prodr. 3. p. 339. B. decapetala, Sims, hot.
inag. t. 1487.

On the Missouri in argillaceous soil, Lewis, Nuttall. Aug.-Oct. — Root
succulent, fusiform. Stem 2-4 feet high, much branched. Flowers odorous,
vespertine : the petals about 2 inches long. Stamens 200-300.

Mentzelia. LOASACE^. 535

e

9. M. mula : rough witli a miiuile barbed ])ubcscence ; leaves somewhat
lanceolate, intcrrii])ieilly i>iiiiiatiti(l, tlie seijnient.s obtuse ; flowers (laryr) ter-
minatinn tlic l)ranehes, not luaeteolate ; j)etuls 10; stamens very numerous;
tlie exterior filaments ])etaloi(l and often sterile, iheoiliers filitifrin ; capsules
3-valved at llie summit ; seed.-? luimcrous, winged. — Jiartouia nuda, ]\utl.
I. c. ; rursh, Jl. 1. p. 328, <^- 2. p. 749 ; DC. I. c.

Gravelly hills of the Missouri, near the Great Bend, Nultall, Dr. .James!
July-Aug. — We have drawn up the character of this, as well as of tlie pre-
ceding species, wholly from the excellent and com])lele descri])tion of Nuttall,
as we possess only an imperfect specimen collected by Dr. James. The
flowers are about half the size of those of M. ornata ; and the rixjt, Mr. Nuttall
tliinks, is triennial or perhaps perennial.

* * Flowers expanding only in bright sunshine, deep yellow.

10. M. Itevicaulis : stem whitisli, smooth and somewhat shining when old ;
leaves lanceolate, sinuate-pinnatifid, sessile, somewhat canescent and sca-
brous -with minute multibarbate hairs ; flowers (very large and showy)
terminating the branches, often ratiier crowded ; bracteoles none, or subu-
late ; petals 5, or rarely 10, erecl-sjircading, lanceolate, acute at each end,
twice the length of the lanceolate-acuminate calyx-segments ; stamens very
numerous ; the 5 exterior filaments dilated and somewhat jjctaloid, but
antheriferous ; the others filitbrm ; seeds numerous, winged. — I'artonia
lajvicaulis, Dougl. I in Hook.fi. Bor.-Am. l.^>. 221, I. 69 ; Hook, if Am.!
but. Beecheij, suppl. p. 343.

On the Oregon, Douglas! Nuttall! California, Douglas! June-.Iul}'. —
Flowers bright yellow, opening in sunshine ; the i)etals fully 2 inclies in
length. The minute tenacious pubescence consists of short and stout bristles,
barbed with recurved verticillate spines along their w hole length, as in M.
oligosperma ; with slender and pungent hairs intennixed, wliich are very
minutely denticulate, with the spines pointed upwards.

11. M. immila (Nutt. ! mss. under Bartonia) : "rough with a minute
barbed pubescence ; stem low and rather stout, whitish, branching towards
the summit ; leavos lanceolate, sinuate-toothed or ])innatifid, the lower ones
somewhat petioled, the uppermost sessile ; flowers (small) solitary or 3
together, terminating the loose flowering branches, slightly pedicellate, with
1-2 linear-setaceous bracts at tlie base ; petals 10, lanceolate, acute, spread-
ing, longer than the lanceolate-subulate calyx-segments ; the inner ones
smaller; stamens very numerous; the outer filaments flat and somewhat
dilated ; capsules clavaie-cylindrical ; seeds numerous, winged." —

" Bare hills on the banks of Ham's Fork of the Colorado of the West,
Oregon. July. — Plant 8-10 inches high. Root fusitbrm, fleshy. Cap-
sules 3-valved." Nuttall. — The flowers are rather larger than those of M.
oligosperma, yellow.

12. M. micrantha (Hook. & Am. under Bartonia) : hispid throughout with
short hairs; stem erect, dichotomous, whitisli; leaves ovate, acuminate,
cuneate at the base, sessile, sinuate-pinnatifid ; flowers glomerate, sborter
than the floral leaf, ebracteolate ; jjetals 3, ovate, exceeding tlie cahx-seg-
ments ; stamens 15-20 ; five of the filaments petaloid and emarginale at die
apex ; capsules oblong-cylindrical, 3-seeded, 3-valved at the summit; style
slightly spirally twisted. Hook. Sf Am. — Bartonia micrantha, Hook. SfAm.
hot. Beechcy, suppl. j). 343, t. 85. (ined.)

California, Douglas. — This species we have not seen, and the figure above-
cited is not yet published. It appears, as the authors who have described
it remark, to form a perfect transition from Bartonia, Nutt. to Mentzelia, as

536 LOASACE^. Cevallia.

ili

well as to Acrolasial PresZ. "The seeds are reduced to one to each pla-
centa, placed one alf3ve the other. The hairs are jointed, and some of them
spinulose at the joints ; the spines verdcillate and reflexed."

2. CEVALLIA. Lagasca, nov. gen. Sfspec. (1816) j)- H? t. 1.

Petalanthera, Torr. mss.

Limb of the calyx 5-parted ; the segments linear, erect. Petals 5, wholly
similar to the segments of the calyx, and inserted in the sinuses between
them, persistent. Stamens 5, inserted into the base of the calyx-segments,
persistent : filaments very short : anthers adnate, introrse, oblong, 2-lobed at
the base ; the connectivum prolonged into a linear tubular petaloid appen-
dage, nearly the length of the calyx-segments. Ovary coherent with the
tube of the calyx, 1-celled, with a solitary ovule suspended from the sum-
mit by a thickened funiculus : style short : stigma ovoid-capitate. Fruit
dry and indehiscent, obovoid, crowned with the persistent calyx and corolla.
Seed oval, filling the pericarp; the testa membranaceous, smooth and even:
albumen none. Embryo oval ; the cotyledons plano-convex, thick and
fleshy : radicle very short. — A branching (biennial or perennial ?) herb,
clothed with barbed and branching pubescence, and scattered pungent
bristles. Leaves alternate, sinuate-pinnatifid. Flowers in globose pedun-
culate heads. Calyx and corolla very villous, glabrous and colored within.

C. sinuata (Lagasca ! 1. c.) — Petalanthera hispida, Nult. ! in jour. acad.
Philad. l.-p- 107.

Sources of the Canadian River, near the Rocky Mountains, Dr. James !
(New Spain, Nee, ex Lagasca !) — This very interesting plant was collected
by Dr. James in Long's Expedition, and was seA'eral years since communi-
cated to Mr. Brown under the manuscript name of Petalanthera. That
most learned botanist recently recognized its identity with the Cevallia
sinuata of Lagasca (described in the little work above-cited, which is ap-
pended to his Elcnchus jylantarum liort. Matritensi), and afforded us the
opportunity of comparing our plant with an original specimen received from
Lagasca himself. That author referred the genus to Boragineas ! The
pubescence consists of scattered rigid bristles, bulbous at the base and
minutely scabrous, small obtuse stiff hairs which are retrorsely barbed,
and very minute hairs with long verticillate branches.

Order LVIII. TURNERACE^.

Sepals united into an equal 5-lobed calyx, imbricated in sestiva-
tion. Petals 5, equal, inserted on the calyx, with a twisted aestiva-
tion. Stamens 5, alternate with the petals and inserted below
them, distinct : anthers introrse. Ovary free from the calyx,
1-celled, with 3 parietal placentae : ovules numerous : styles 3,
commonly branched or many. cleft at the summit, sometimes 6 (or
perhaps rather 3, which are 2-parted). Capsule 3-valved, loculici-

TuRNERA. TURNERACE^. 537

dal. Seeds numerous, anatropous, with a membranaceous arillus
on one side ; the testa crustaccous and reticulated. Embryo in the
axis of fleshy albumen, slightly curved : cotyledons somewhat
plano-convex. — Herbaceous or sometimes sufTrutescent plants (con-
fined, except one species, to tropical America) ; the pubescence
often hispid, but not stinging. Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate,
sometimes with 2 glands at the apex of the petiole. Peduncles
l-flowered : petals mostly yellow.

1. TURNERA. Plumier, gen. p. \b, t.\2; Linn.; Ga^rtn.fr. t. 78.

Calyx infundibuliform or obconic at the base. Petals longer than the
calyx. Styles 3, simple : stigmas flabcllate, many-cleft. Capsule 3-valved
from the apex to the middle.— Herbs or sufTrutescent plants, with the habit
of Cistus.

1. T. cistoidcs (Linn.) : hirsute ^\'^th bristly hairs ; flowers in tlio axils of
the upper leaves, and racemose at the summit of the stem ; pedicel free,
articulated above the middle, but not bractcolate ; leaves lanceolate, the
lower ones oblong, slightly petioled, crenate or obtusely serrate, tomentose
beneath, not glandular at the base. — Plumier, Amer. ed. Burm. t. 150, /. 1 ;
Pursh, fl. I. p. 206 ; Ell. sTc. 1. p. 370.

Fields and barren soil, Georgia ! to Florida ! .Tune-Scpt. — We have
some doubt as to the identity of our plant with that of the West Indies, which
we have not the means of removing by a comparison of specimens. Ours
is apparently a perennial plant, more or less hirsute with rigid fulvous hairs,
and besides the lower surface of the leaves is tomentose with a stellate pubes-
cence ; the upper irdnutely pubescent in the same manner. The lower
leaves are oblong and obtuse, the upper mostly lanceolate, and when the
raceme is elongated, the upper floral leaves are usually bract-like and much
shorter than the pedicels. The flowers are about an inch in diameter when
expanded : the seeds rather large, pale, and slightly curved.

Order LIX. PASSIFLORACE^. Jiiss.

Sepals 4-5, more or less united below into a tube of variable
length, the throat of which is usually lined with a ring of filament-
ous processes. Petals 4-5, arising from tlie throat of the calyx on
the outside of the filamentous crown, sometimes irregular or want-
ing, imbricated in sestivation. Stamens 4-5 (very rarely indefinite),
monadelphous, surrounding the stalk of the ovary : anthers introrse,
but versatile, and at length turned outwards. Ovary free, stipitate,
l.celled, with 3-4 parietal placenta3 : styles 3-4, clavate : stigmas
dilated. Fruit naked or surrounded with the persistent calyx,
sometimes opening by loculicidal dehiscence, often fleshy and inde-
hiscent. Seeds numerous, anatropous, with a brittle sculptured testa,

68

538 PASSIFLORACEiE. Passiflora.

surrounded by a pulpy arillus. Embryo straight, in the centre of a
thin fleshy albumen. — Usually climbing herbaceous or shrubby
plants, with alternate mostly stipulate leaves. Flowers showy,
often involucrate.

The inner series of floral envelopes, which we, following Lindley, consider as
the corolla, is by most botanists termed a second series of sepals, and thus Passiflora
is deemed apetalous.

1. PA.SSIFLORA. Linn. ; Juss. gen. p. 397.

Calyx urceolate or campanulate at the base, 5- (rarely 4-) cleft ; the throat
with a conspicuous often double or triple filamentous crown (transformed pe-
tals ?) ; the inner portion often a membranous disk. Petals 5 (rarely 4),
sometimes none. Stamens 5 (rarely 4), connate with the stipe of the ovary,
free or diverging at the summit. Anthers large, elongated, at length reversed
and turned outwards. Stigmas 3 (sometimes 4), large, clavate-capitate.
Berry pulpy, rarely somewhat membranaceous. — Herbs or shrubby plants,
climbing by tendrils. Leaves undivided or variously lobed : petiole often
bearing glands. Stipules occasionally wanting or minute. Peduncles axil-
lary, solitary or sometimes several together, mostly 1-flowered, articulated
above. — Passion-flower.

§ 1. Pedicels 1-flowered, with a 3-bracteolate involucre near the floicer : ten'
drils simple, from the same axils. — Granadilla, DC.

1. P. incarnata (Linn.) : leaves deeply 3-lobed, membranaceous, gla-
brous, or somewhat pubescent beneath, serrate ; the lobes ovate-lanceolate,
mostly acuminate ; petioles with 2 glands near the summit ; stipules minute ;
involucral bracts obovate, glandular ; ovary villous-canescent. — Linn. ! spec.
2. p. 995 ,• Michx. .' fl. 2. p.-37 ; Ell. sk. 1. p. 154 ; DC. ! prodr. 3. p. 329.

In dry soil, Virginia ! to Florida ! and Arkansas ! May-July. — H Root
sometimes tuberiferous. Stem often climbing to the height of 20 or 30 feet.
Flowers large, on long pedicels. Segments of the calyx cuspidate below
the summit. Petals oval-oblong, white. Crown triple ; the 2 outer series
composed of long radiating filaments, purple, with a nearly white band ; the
inner of short erect flesh-colored rays. Berry as large as a hen's egg, oval,
glabrous, with a leathery coat, pale-yellow when ripe, eatable ; sometimes
with 4 placentas and as many styles.

§ 2. Pedicels 1-floivered ; tvith a simple tendril from the same axils : involu-
cre none, or minute. — Cieca, DC.

2. P. lutea (Linn.) : leaves broad, somewhat cordate at the base, obtusely
3-lobed at the summit, entire, glabrous, not glandular ; the lobes short and
rounded, mucronulate ; petiole glandless ; stijiailes minute ; pedicels mostly
geminate ; petals much narrower than the sepals. — Linn. ! spec. 2. p. 958 ;

Walt. ! Car. p. 223 ; Michx. ! I. c. ; Bot. reg. I. 79 ; Ell. I. c. ; DC. ! I. c.
Thickets, in damp soil, Ohio ! and Virginia ! to Florida ! and Arkansas !
May-July. — U Stem slender, 3-10 feet long. Leaves pale green. Flow-
ers small, greenish-yellow. Fruit scarcely half an inch in diameter, dark

Passiflora. PASSIFLORACE^. 639

purple. Stylos sometimes 4. Crown consisting of a single row of slender
radiatino; Hlaineiits, a second of short clavate creel Hlaments, and wiiliin iliis
a membranous many-cleft disk. Seeds horizontally grooved, and wiili fine
longitudinal ridges.

3. P. an rrustifolia (Swartz) : low, suflrutesccnt ; leaves glabrous, not
glandular, slightlv peltate ; the lowermost ovate, somewhat cordate, 3-loberl ;
the upper lancccjlate, sometimes 2-3-lobed ; petioles sliort, with 2 glands
above t!ie middle ; stijjulcs very small; iiedicels short, solitary or geminate;
petals none. — Sicarlz, procir. p. !)7 ; iVilld. ! spec. 3. p. G16 ; DC. I. c.
P. heterophylla, Ait. ; Jacq. horl. SchoETib. 2. t. 181. P. lougifolia, Lam.

Key West, Mr. Bennett ! — Flowers small, yellowish.

4. P. IVarei (Nutt.) : leaves on short biglandular petioles; the lower ones
3-lobed, acute ; the upper ovate, undivided ; siipules none; peduncles com-
monly geminate, about the length of the petioles; flowers very small ; seg-
ments of the crown few, filiform, shorter than the calyx. Nutt. in Sill. jour.
5. p. 297.

East Florida, Mr. A. Ware. — Lower part of the stem suberose. Leaves
smooth and sliining, thin. Berries about tlie size of a pea, purple. Nutt.—
This species is wholly unknown to us.

P. peltata (Cav.) is doubtless not a native of the United States.

Order LX. CUCURBITACEiE. Juss.

Calyx 5- (rarely 6.) toothed ; the limb sometimes obsolete. Petals 5
(rarely 6), distinct, or commonly more or less united with each other
and coherent with the calyx, very cellular and often marked with
reticulated veins. Stamens 5, sometioies distinct, commonly united
in 3 parcels (two and two, and one separate) so as to appear like 3
stamens only, rarely 3 and diadelphous : filaments of each set some,
times connate : anthers usually long and sinuous, or variously con-
torted or folded, 2- celled, adnate, extrorsc, commonly more or less
connate. Ovary coherent with the tube of the calyx, usually of 3
(rarely of 2 or 4) united carpels, sometimes 1- celled by the oblitera-
tion of the partitions, or often with each carpel spuriously 2- celled
by the introllcxion of the placentae from the axis until it reaches the
dorsal suture. Fruit fleshy or juicy, rarely membranous, usually a
pepo.* Seeds anatropous, compressed, often enveloped by a juicy or

* A pepo is doubtless correctly defined by Arnott to bo " a fleshy inferior fruit,
either indebisccnt or bursting irregularly, and consisting of about 3 carpels, each
of which is divided into two cells by its piaccntiferous margin being so introflexed
as to reach tlie dorsal snturo. Tiie sides of the carpel [the dissepiments], and
even sometimes the introflexed portion, usually become extremely thick and fleshy,
forming the great mass of the ripe fruit, so that by losing the general character of
dissepiments, they might almost be said to disappear; and thus at lirst sight a
pepo would be said to be, and has been so described, a l-celled, fleshy, indehiscent

540 CUCURBITACE^. Melothru.

dry and membranous arillus ; the testa coriaceous : albumen none.
Embryo straight : cotyledons foliaceous, palmately veined. — Herbs,
with succulent stems, climbing by means of tendrils (which are
transformed stipules, according to St. Ililaire). Leaves alternate,
palmately veined. Flowers axillary, monoecious or dioecious, or
rarely perfect.

1. BRYONIA. Linn. ; Gfertn.fr. t. 88 ; Seringe, in DC. prodr. 3. p. 344.

Flowers monoecious or dioecious. Calyx with 5 short teeth. Petals 5,
distinct or united at the base. Sterile Fl. Stamens 5, triadelphous :
anthers flexuous. Fertile Fl. Style mostly 3- cleft. Fruit an ovate or
globose smooth berry, generally few-seeded.

§ Styles united to the summit, surrounded at the base by a conspicuous cup-
shaped disk : stigmas dilated : ovules solitary in each cell, ascending : berry
oval, 3- seeded: seeds {large) compressed, smooth, indistinctly margined, 3-
toothed at the base. — Trianosperma.

1. B. BoyJcinii: scabrous-pubescent; tendrils simple or 2-cleft ; leaves
cordate, 3-lobed, or sometimes almost 3-parted, denticulate ; the middle lobe
longest, acuminate-cuspidate ; the lateral mostly angled or 2- lobed ; sterile
and fertile flowers usually from the same axils, 3-5 together, on very short
simple pedicels ; berries crimson, oval or elliptical.

Low grounds along streams, Georgia, Dr. Boykin! Alabama, Mr. Buck-
ley! Louisiana, Dr. Carpenter! Dr. Hcde ! June-July. — li Root fusiform
or tuberous. Stem climbing over bushes, sometimes ascending to the height
of 15 or 20 feet. Leaves 3-4 inches in diameter. Flowers small, greenish-
white. Fruit 6-8 lines in length, longer than the pedicel, bright crimson,
soon turning to dirty yellow. Seeds broadly oval, 4-5 lines long, abruptly
pointed at the hilum, and with 2 conspicuous lateral teeth. — B. Americana,
Lam. is apparently allied to this.

2. MELOTHRIA. Linn. ; Juss. gen. p. 395.

Flowers polygamous or monoecious. Calyx in the perfect and fertile flow-
ers constricted into a short filiform tube above the ovary, then campanulate,
in the sterile flowers infundibuliform-campanulate ; the segments subulate,
often minute. Petals 5, united into a campanulate corolla ; the perfect flow-
ers sometimes apetalous. Sterile Fl. Stamens 5, triadelphous: anthers
(of the three parcels) connate, at length separate, contorted. A cup-shaped
disk or rudiment in the bottom of the calyx. Fertile Fl. Style surrounded
at the base by a cup-shaped or lobed disk : stigmas 3, dilated. Sterile fila-

fruit, with parietal placentsB that sometimes send out false dissepiments towards
the axis, as the cucumber and gourd." Am. prodr. Ind. Or. \.p. 340. — The exami-
nation of a transverse section of a gourd or melon manifestly shows this to be the
proper view of its carpological structure.

SicTos. CUCURBITACEiE. 541

mcnts 3 (rather 5, triadelplious), sometimes wanting. Perfect Fl. like
the pistillate, but with fertile stamens. Fruit an oval small many-seeded
berry. Seeds (small) obovate, compressed, furfuraceouswith minute matted
hairs. — Tendrils simple.

1. M. pendula (L\nn.) : stems slender, oliinbinjr : leaves (small) roundish-
cordate, repand-toothed, 5-anii;led or o-lobcd ; the middle lobe longest, mu-
cronate; sterile flowers in small racemes; the fertile solitary, on iilifonn
pedicels at lcn2:lh as long as the leaves; teeth of the calyx minute ; style
short, surrounded by a cup-shaped consi)icuous disk ; fruit small, blackish
when ripe. — Linn. ! spec. 1. p. 35. (pi. (ironov.) ; Walt. Cur. p. G6 ; Michx. !
fl. 2. ;7. 21 7; Ell.sk. 2. p. 6G2 : Serin ge ! in DC. prodr. 3. ;;. 313.
M. nigra Baf.! ann. nat. (1820).

Shady places, Virginia ! to Georgia ! Alabama ! and Louisiana ! June-
Aug. — Leaves scabrous, 1-2 inches in diameter. Flowers small, yellowish.

2. M. grandi folia: leaves (thin and membranous) somewhat cordate at
the base, 3-lobed, denticulate; tlie middle lobe much largest, acuminate-cus-
pidate ; both sterile and fertile flowers on simple very short pedicels, several
together in the axils of the leaves ; teeth of the calyx linear-subulate, more
tlian half the length of the petals; style rather long, surrounded at the base
with a 3-lobed disk ; fruit oblong, orange-color, as long as the jjcdiccls.

Low banks of the Mississippi, Dr. Leavenworth I — Stem apparently climb-
ing. Leaves 4-6 inches in diameter, somewhat scabrous, on hairy petioles ;
the lateral lobes often angled near the base or somewhat lobed. Flowers
larger than in M. pendula; the sterile ones largest. — We have not seen the
seeds or full-grown fruit. The fertile flowers have rudimentary stamens.

3. SICYOS. Linn. ; Juss. gen. p. 394; Gcertn.fr. t. 88.

Flowers monoecious. Sterile Fl. Calj'x flattish ; the teeth 5, subu-
late or minute. Petals 5, ovate, combined below into a rotate corolla.
Stamens 5, all cohering in a tube, or at length separating into 3 parcels :
anthers contorted. Fertile Fl. Calyx constricted above the ovary, cam-
panulate. Petals united at the base into campanulate corolla. Disk obso-
lete or none. Ovary 1-celled, with a soUtary suspended ovule : style mostly
slender: stigmas 3, rather thick, revolute. Fruit ovate, membranaceous,
usually hispid or echinate with spiny bristles. Seed large, compressed, smooth
and even ; the testa almost crustaceous. — Sterile and fertile flowers usually in
the same axils; the former in racemes or corj'mbs, the latter in pedunculate
clusters : petals whitish, with green veins. Tendrils compound. Root
annual.

■ 1. S. angidatus (Linn.): stem, petioles, and peduncles somewhat vis-
cidly pubescent with long hairs; leaves roundish-cordate, 5-angled or 5-lobed,
with 5 primary veins ; the lobes denticulate, acuminate, especially the
middle one ; tendrils 3-5-cleft ; sterile flowers in a corymbose (sometimes
branched) crowded raceme, on a very long peduncle ; fertile flowers on a
short peduncle : style slender ; fruit viscidly pubescent and echinate with
retrorsely scabrous prickly bristles. — Linn.! spec. 2. p. 1013 ; Michx.! fl.

2. p. 217 ; Pursh,fl. 2. p. 44 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 663 ; Seringe! in DC. prodr.

3. p. 309. S. vititblia, Willd. spec. 4. p. 626.' S. acutus, Raf.fl. Ludov.
Bryonoides flore & fructu minore, Dill. Elth. t. 51, /. 59.

542 CUCURBITACEiE. Momordica.

Banks of rivers, Canada (Michaux) and New York! to Alabama! and
Arkansas ! June-Sept. — Peduncles of the sterile flowers at length 4-8
inches long; that of the (very much smaller) fertile flowers 1-2 inches long.
Fruit clustered.

2. S. Oreganus : slightly pubescent ; leaves roundish-cordate, 7-9-angled
or somewhat lobed, with as many primary veins arising from the apex of the
petiole, denticulate, the angles or lobes acuminate ; tendrils 3-cleft ; sterile
flowers loosely racemose on a very long peduncle, or partly on slender pedi-
cels clustered in the axils ; petals ovate-lanceolate ; style very short. — S.
angulatus. Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 220, (partly.)

On the Oregon from near its mouth to Kettle Falls, Dr. Scouler ! Douglas,
Mr. Tolmie ! — We have not seen the fruit, and our specimens furnish only
one or two fertile flowers, which are on simple pedicels in the axils (although
others are probably clustered), and in these ^the ovary is scarcely pubescent
and not hispid.

4. ECHINOCYSTIS.

Flowers monoecious. Calyx flattish, in the fertile flowers slightly con-
tracted above the ovary ; the segments 6, filiform-subulate, shorter than the
corolla. Petals 6, lanceolate, united at the base into a rotate-campanulate
corolla. Sterile Fl. Stamens 3, diadelphous, arising from the base of
the calyx: filaments short: anthers sigmoid, connate. Fertile Fl. Abor-
tive filaments 3, very small, distinct. Style very short : stigmas 2, large,
broadly obcordate, connivent. Fruit somewhat globose, inflated, setose-
echinate, membranaceous, at first watery (bursting elastically at the sum-
mit ?), at length dry, 2-celled, 4-seeded ; the cells spuriously 2-celled at the
base ; the 2 carpels at length separable, reticulate-fibrous. Seeds large,
not arillate, erect from near the base of each spurious cell, obovate-oblong,
flat, slightly 2-toothed at the base, the margins obtuse. — An annual climb-
ing herb, with palmately 5-lobed leaves, and 3-cleft tendrils. Flowers
small, greenish-white; the sterile in long compound racemes; the fertile
ones from the same axils, solitary or clustered on a short peduncle.

E. lobata.—Sicyos lobata, Michx. ! fl. 2. ^o. 217. Momordica echinata,
Muhl. ! in Willd. spec. 4. p. 605; Pursh,fl. 2. p. 444 ; DC. prodr. 3. p.
312 ,• Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 220.

Rich soil along streams, Canada ! (from the Saskatchawan) to New York!
Pennsylvania ! and Missouri. July-Sept.— A nearly glabrous vine, climb-
ing over small shrubs. Leaves membranaceous, mucronately denticulate ;
the lobes triangular, acuminate-mucronate. Sterile racemes often a foot
long. Mature "fruit nearly 2 inches in length, armed with weak prickles.
Seeds three-fourths of an inch long, neariy smooth and even.— A very dis-
tinct genus, more nearly allied to Sicyos than to Momordica.

5. MOMORDICA. Linn. ; .Juss. gen. p. 395 ; Gtsrtn. fr. t. 88.

Flowers monoecious or sometimes dioecious. Calyx 5-cleft ; the tube very
short. Petals 5, united at the base. Sterile Fl. Stamens 5, triadel-
phous : anthers connate. Fertile Fl. Style 3-cleft. Pepo fleshy,
usually muricate and bursting elastically when mature. Seeds enveloped

Lagenaria. CUCURBITACEiE. 543

in a fleshy arillus. — Pedicels solitary, l-flowered, fiiiform, furnished with a
cordate bracteole.

1. M. Charantia (Linn.) : stems more or less hairy or villous ; loaves
5-7-lobed, sinuate-toothed, when young more or less villous or hairy on tlie
under side jiarticularly on the veins ; peduncles slender, with a reniform
bracteole, which in the sterile flowers is situated about the middle, and in
the fertile near the base ; segments of the calyx oblong ; ovary slender ;
fruit oblong or ovate, tapering to both ends, more or less tuberculate ; seeds
with a thick notched margin and a red arillus. — Linn. spec. 2. p. 1009 ;
Bot. mag. t. 2455 ; Seringe, in DC. I. c. ; W. &^- Am. ! prodr. Ind. Or. 1.
p. 348.

Near Tampa Bay, Florida, Dr. Burrows ! Dr. Leavenworth ! — " Indi-
genous," according to Dr. Leavenworth ; but we think this somewhat
doubtful.

6. CUCUMIS. Linn. ; G<ertn.fr. I. 88 ; Lam. ill. t. 795.

Flowers monoecious or perfect. Calyx tubular-campanulate ; the segments
subulate, scarcely the length of the tube. Petals (yellow) scarcely combined
or coherent with the calyx. Sterile Fl. Stamens 5, triadel^ihous. Fer-
tile Fl. Style short : stigmas 3 (occasionally 4), thick, 2-parted. Pepo
fleshy, indehiscent. Seeds ovate, compressed, not margined, acute at the
hilum. — Cucumber.

1. C. 1 perennis (James) : perennial ; stems procumbent ; leaves triangu-
lar-cordate, thick, scabrous, the margin sinuate and undulate ; tendrils 3-
cleft ; lobes of the calyx subulate ; fruit globose, smooth, nearly sessile ;
seeds ovate (obovate ?), the margin acute. — E. James, in Long's exped. 2.
p. 345; Torr. in ann. lye. New York, 2. p. 242. Cucurbita foetidissima,
H. B. &; K. nov. gen. 2. p. 123 ?

On the arid and sandy wastes along the base of the Rocky Mountains,
from the confluence of the Boiling-spring Fork to the sources of the Red
River, Dr. James. July-Sept. — Root fusiform, 4-5 inches in diameter, des-
cending perpendicularly into the earth to the depth of 4-6 feet. Flowers
nearly as large as in Cucurbita Pepo. Fruit as large as an orange. The
plant emits a fetid odor. James. — Since Dr. James's account, no farther
information has been received respecting this interesting plant; but speci-
mens of perhaps the same species occur in Drunimond's Texan collection,
without flowers or fruit. It is not cultivated, as Seringe states, but truly in-
digenous.

7. LAGENARIA. Seringe, diss. in mem. soc. Genev., Sfin DC. prodr. I.e.

Flowers monoecious. Calyx campanulate ; the segments subulate or
rather broad, shorter than the tube. Petals (white) obovate, inserted within
the margin of the calyx. Sterile Fl. Stamens 5, triadelphous : anthers
very long and tortuous. Fertile Fl. Style scarcely any : stigmas 3, thick,
2-lobed, granular. Fruit a fleshy or almost ligneous pepo, with a hard rind.
Seeds numerous, obovate, compressed, with a tumid border, 2-lobed at the
base. Root annual.

1. L. vulgaris (Seringe) : clothed with a soft pubescence, and exhaling a

544 GROSSULACE^. Ribes.

fetid musky odor; stem climbing; tendrils 3-4-cleft; leaves cordate, nearly
entire or lobed, with 2 glands at the base ; flowers fascicled ; petals widely
spreading ; fruit clavate-ventricose, pubescent, at length glabrous and very
smooth. — DC. I. c. Cucurbita Lagenaria, Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 795; Null,
gen. 2. p. 228 ; Ell. sk. 2. ]}. 662.

Cultivated by the Indians from the earliest discovery of North America,
and naturalized in many portions of the Southern States. It is the well-
known Calibash or Bottle-Gourd.

Neurosperma, Raf. (in jour. phys. §-c. 1819) is most probably, as Seringe
suspects, nothing more than the Balsam-Apple (Momordica Balsamina), which is
often cultivated, but scarcely naturalized in the United States.

Cucurbita verrucosa (a species of Squash) is mentioned by Nuttall as a plant
which has long been cultivated by the aborigines beyond the Mississippi.

Order LXI. GROSSULACE.^. DC.

Calyx adherent, campanulate or tubular, colored, marcescent, 5-
(rarely 4-) cleft ; the segments mostly equal, imbricate in aestivation,
at length spreading or retlexed. Petals distinct, equal in number to
the segments of the calyx and alternate with them, small, inserted
in the throat of the calyx. Stamens as many as the petals and in-
serted alternately with them : anthers introrse. Ovary coherent
with the calyx-tube, l-celled, with 2 parietal placentae : ovules nu-
merous or sometimes rather few : styles 2 (very rarely 3-4) distinct
or united. Fruit a berry, crowned with the remains of the ilower,
l-celled, many, (rarely rather few.) seeded. Seeds anatropous, the
raphe at length distinct from the gelatinous testa : the inner integu-
ment somewhat crustaceous, adhering firmly to the dense fleshy al-
bumen. Embryo minute, excentric, next the micropyle. — Shrubs
either spiny or unarmed, with alternate (often fascicled) palmately
veined and lobed exstipulate leaves, which are sometimes sprinkled
with resinous dots. Flowers (rarely dioecious) racemose, either pro-'
duced from the same bud with the leaves and terminating the very
short axillary branches, or sometimes from leafless buds.

1. RIBES. Linn. ; Juss. gen. p. 281 ; DC prodr. 3. p. 477.

Grossularia, Tourn. — Ribes & Robsonia, Endl.
Character same as of the Order.

§ 1. Stews armed ivith subaxillary spines and scattered prickles : leaves plicate
in vernation : peduncles 2-3-Jl(noered : segments of the calyx, petals, and
stamens 4 or sometimes 5 : filaments very much exserted : ovules rather few
in number, in a double series: berries prickly. — Robsonia, Berlandier.

RiBES. GROSSULACEiE. 545

1. R. speciosrnn (Pursli) : stem thickly armed witJi bristly prickles, or
rarely naked ; sulcixillary .si)iii(-.s 3, united at tlie base ; h-aves rDuriflisli, 3-
lobed, glaljroiis ; the lobes short ami obtuse, crenafcly toothed; jw-duiicli's 3—
4-flowered, with larne ovate bracts ; calyx tubular, wjmewhat 4-sidfd, deep-
ly 4-5-parted, i:laii(iiilar ; petals cuneirorm, as Irjii;^ as the erect calyx-seq-
ments; siaiiuns very much exscrted ; style as Ion;; as the stamens, minutely
2-cleft at theajKx; ovary and pedicels clotlied with plandular bristles. —
Pursh ! ./?. 2. p. 732 ; DC. prodr. 3. p. 47H ; ]Jon, in Br'd.fl. gard. {.scr. 2.)
M49 ; LindL. hut. rtg. I. 1557; Hoolc. fif Am.! hot. Becrhcy, suppl. p. 345.
R. stamineum, Sniilli ! in Rees cj/clop. ; DC. I. c. p. 477 ; Hook.! jl. Bor.-
Am. 1. p. 229. R. fuschioides, Berliindicr, in mcui. soc. Gcnev. 3. t. 3.

California, Mrnzies ! Douglas! Xuttall ! — Flowers large and showy,
bright red, resembling those of Fuchsia. "The trunk about as thick as a
man's arm." (yull.) — This singular and beautiful sj)ccies is indicated as a
genus by Berlandier. It has recently been taken up by Spach (in Suites d
Buffon) and adopted by Endlicher, chiefly on account of its f<.-w-seeded
berry. The ovary is said by tJie latter authors to bear about three ovules
upon each placenta in a single series. We find however from 8 to 12 upon
each placenta disposed in two rows.

§ 2. Stems usual! ij armed with subaxillary spines, and often prickly : leaves
plicate in vernation : peduncles \-2-jlffivered : calyx more or less campanu-
late: ovules very numerous, in several rows: berries often prickly. — Gros-
SULARIA, A. Richaid. {Gooseberry)

2. R. Menziesii (Pursh) : stems prickly (or naked) ; subaxillary spines 3 ;
leaves cordate, 5-lobed, incisely serrate, veiny and rugose, tomenlose-pubes-
cent beneath ; peduncles 1-2-flowered, as long as the leaf; calyx cylindrical-
campanulate, deeply 5-cleft, glandular ; the segments spreading ; stamens 5,
included ; stylb a little exsertcd, 2-cleft ; ovary and pedicels clothed with
glandular bristles ; fruit densely ecliinate. — Pursh, Jl. 2. p. 132 ; DC. I.e.;
Hook.! Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 220,^ S^ in hot. Beechey, p. 141 4-345. R. ferox,
Smith, I. c; DC. I.e.

California, Menzies, Douglas! Nuttall! — Flowers large, red or deep rose-
color. — Our specimens from Douglas's Califoniian Collection, as well as those
from Mr. Nuttall, have not prickly branches : but neither the prickles nor
the spines aflbrd constant characters in this genus.

3. R. suhvestitum (Hook. & Am.): branches very bristly; subaxillary
spines 3-4, slender ; leaves cordate, roundish, 3— 5-lobed, incisely crenate,
slightly hairy above, the lower surface, as well as the petioles, peduncles
and calyx, glandularly pubescent ; ])eduncles 1-3-flowered ; bracts roundish,
sheathing ; tube of the calyx cylindrical-campanulate, longer than the very
glandular ovary, and shorter tlian the oblong at length rellexed segments ;
stamens twice as long as tlae petals, and shorter than the simple (rarely 2-
clefl, ex Hook.) glabrous style. — Hook. Hf Am. ! I. c.

Ccdifornia, JJouglas! — A fine sjiecies, with flowers half an inch in length;
the segments of the calyx briglit purple on the inside : the half-grown fruit is
very glandular and hirsute. The anthers are large and mucronate.

4. R. Cynosbati (Linn.): stems either unarmed or prickly; subaxillary
spines 1-3 ; leaves cordate, roundish, 3-5-lobed, more or less pubescent, the
lobes incisely serrate ; peduncles slender, 2-3-flowered, the pedicels divari-
cate ; tube of the calyx cjiindrical, very broad and short, slightly contracted
at the mouth ; the segments at length reflexed, shorter than the tube, longer
than the obovate petals ; stamens and styles slightly included ; style undi-

69

646 GROSSULACE^. Riees.

videcl, hairy at the base; fruit prickly or rarely unarmed. — Linn. ! spec. 1.
p. 202; Michr..' fl. 1. p. Ill; Jacq. hort. Vindob. 2. t. 123; Pursh ! fl.
1.^.166; DC! I.e.; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 77. 230 (excl. y.) ; Guivfip.
Otto Sf Hayne, holz. t. 135. R. gracile, Ihrr. ! fl. 1. p. 2G9.

Woods and hillsides, Canada ! and Hudson's Bay to Kentucky ! and to the
Rocky Mountains near the sources of the Platte, Nuttall. May-June. —
Leaves pubescent, particularly on the lower surface : petioles downy. Calvx
greenish-white, broader than the ovary. Fruit brownish when ripe. — This
species, like several others of the section, is occasionally almost destitute of the
subaxillary spines ; and the fruit is sometimes smooth.

5. R. oxyacanthoides (Linn.) : stems usually clothed with bristly prick-
les ; subaxillary spines 1-3, often united at the base ; leaves roundish, sub-
cordate, 5-lobed, pubescent or nearly glabrous, the lobes deei)ly toothed of
crenate ; peduncles very short, about 2-flowered ; calj^x-tube cyiindracecus,
pubescent at the base within ; the segments spreading, rather longer than the
stamens, and about twice the length of the obovate petals ; style cleft to the
middle, hairy at the base, a little exceeding the stamens ; fruit smooth. —
Linn. spec. I. p. 201 ; Pursh, fl. \. p. 165; BC. prodr. 3. p. 478 ; Hook.!
fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 230: Grossularia oxyacanthse foliis, &c. Dill. Elth. t. 139.

p. fruit sparsely hispid. — R. setosum, Dougl. ! I. c. ; Lindl. ! hot. reg.
t. 1237.

y. lobes of the leaves more sharply serrate ; calyx and pedicels pubescent ;
fruit hispid. — R. Cynosbati y. Hook. ! I. c.

On rocks, &c. Newfoundland ! and throughout Canada to the Saskatcha-
wan ! — The young branches are usually thickly clothed with fulvous bristles
or prickles, \vhich sometimes occur also on the petioles. Calyx greenish
tinged with purple. Fruit bluish-purple or reddish. — In the Hortus Upsal-
ensis, Linnfeus states this species to be a native of Virginia ; but in the Spe-
cies Plantarum it is said io come from Canada. We have never met with it
within the limits of the United States.

6. R. liirtellum (Michx.) : stems prickly or naked ; subaxillary spines
usually solitary, and very short ; leaves roundish, cordate, 3-5-lobed,
toothed, pubescent beneath; peduncles very short, deflexed, 1-2-tlowered ;
calyx-tube campanulate, glabrous, hairy at the throat within ; the segments
twice the length of the petals, nearl}' equalling the stamens and 2-cleft hairy
style ; fruit smooth.— Michx. ! fl. 1. p. Ill ; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 1G3. R. sax-
osuni. Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 230. R. triilorum, Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2.
p. 90?

In rocky places, Hudson's Bay ! and Lovv'er Canada ! to Massachusetts !
and on the Alleghany mountains, ex Pursh. West to Saskatcliawan and
Lake Superior ! Ma"y-June. — This species has the same short peduncles as
R. oxyacanthoides, but in the form of the calyx it is n)ore like R. Cynosbati.
The spines are sometimes wanting ; the leaves are quite small and more or
less pubescent. Flowers greenish-white tinged with purple. Fruit (red,
Michx.) bluish-purple.

7. R. gracile (Michx.) : branches slender, seldom a little prickly ; subax-
illary spines 1-3, very small and slender, subulate ; leaves roundish, 3-lobed,
incisely toothed, pubescent, as well as the slender petioles ; peduncles and
pedicels elongated, almost filiform, 1-2-fIowered, pubescent, as well as the
calyx and ovary ; segments of the calyx linear-ligulate, many times longer
than the very short tube, and about the length of the very hairy fila-
ments, at length recurved; petals lanceolate, minute ; anthers ovate-oblong;
style as long as the stamens, 2-cleft at the apex, very hairy below ; fruit
smooth. — Michx.! fl. l.p. Ill, not of Pursh, nor Toir. fl.

Mountains of Tennessee, Micluiux ! In Texas, near St. Augustine, Dr.

RiBEs. GROSSULACE^E. 647

Leavenworth ! April. — A quite distinct species with slender branches and
verv small leaves. We liave drawn our description from Dr. Leaven-
wort ii's plant, which we believe to be the same with that in the herbarium
of Michaux.

8. R. rotundifolium (Miclix.) : sfoiiis not prickly; subaxillary spines short,
usually solitary ; leaves roiuulish, 5-lobct(l, nearly shibrous, .sliininn; above;
the lobes short and obtuse, inci.scly toothed; peduncles slender, l-2-fl(nvcred,
glabrous; calyx cvHudrical and narrow, glabrous, as well as the ovary ; the
segments liuoar-oblonii, a little s]ireadiuir, twice tin- b-nglh r)f the tube ; fila-
ments exseried, glabrous, twice or tlirice the length of the broadly-spatulate
ungiiiculate petals; anthers roundish ; style detply 2-parted, as long as the

'stamens, hairy below; fruit small, smooth. — Michx. ! jl. 1. /;. 110. R. tri-
florum, Willi}. ! hort. Berol. t. 61, c^ cnum. 1. p. 61 ; DC. prndr. 3. p.
479 ; Guimp. Otto, tV Hayne, holz. t. 3 ; Tbrr. .' Jl. I. p. 260 : Ilook. ! Jl.
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 230. R. gVacile, Pursh ! Jl. 1. p. 165, not o^ JMirh.r.

In mountainous and rocky places, Massachusetts! New York ! to the
mountains of N. Carolina! and west to Missouri, and, according to Douglas,
beyond the Rocky Mountains. .Tune. — Shrub 3-4 feet high, with sjjreading
recurved branches ; the spines occasionally absent. Leaves small, truncate
or slightly cordate, or often a little cuneiform at the base ; the lower surface,
as well as the short petioles, often somewhat pubescent. Fruit about the size
of the Black Currant, at length purple, delicious.

9. JR. divaricatum (Dougl.) : branches divaricate, bristly or naked ; sub-
axillary spines 1-3, very stout, at length deflexed ; leaves roundish, 3-6-
lobed, '^incisely toothed, often pubescent ; peduncles 2-3-9owered, slender,
nodding ; calyx-tube funnel-shaped, about half the length of the oblong re-
flexed segments; stamens exserted, more than twice the length of the deltoid
unguiculate petals ; style as long as tlie stamens, deeply 2-cleft, hairy below ;
fruit smooth. — Dougl..' in hort. trans, l.p. 515; LincU..' hot. reg. t. 1359;
Hook.! Jl. Bor. Am. l.p. 231.

Banks of streams, Oregon, Douglas! Dr. Seoul cr ! Nuttall! also in Cali-
fornia ! — Resembles R. rotundifolium, Michx. but has larger and brownish-
purjde flowers of a somewhat ditlerent shape, and remarkably large and
stout spines, although these arc said to be occasionally wanting. The fruit
is said to be black, about one-third of an inch in diameter, and pleasant to the
taste. A specimen in Douglas's Californian Collection, probably the R. tri-
florum mentioned iu the Sirpplement to the Botany of Beechey's Voyage, p.
346, perhaps belongs rather tp the present species.

10. R. xillosum (Nutt. ! mss.) : "stems smooth; subaxillary spines 3,
stout, unequal ; leaves^ 3-cleft (small) with obsolete lateral lobes, incisely
and unequally too!,hed,''cancscently tomentose beneath; peduncles mostly 2-
flowered; bracts roundish-ovate; calyx (brown, hairy) cleft nearly to the
base ; petals short, obtuse ; stamens somewhat exserted ; anthers short and
roundish ; style 2-cleft ; ovary smooth.

" St. Barbara, California ; common near the village on the plain." Nut-
tall. Wc have only seen a very imperfect sijccimen of this species, which

appears distinct, butis perhaps too near R. divaricatum.

11. R. irrisuum (Dougl.): subaxillary spines 3; leaves cordate, about
5-lobed, toothed, ciliate, hairy on bodi sides, veiny ; peduncles 3-flowered,
glandularly hairy ; calyx campanulate; the segments hnear, ecjual to the
tube; fruit smooth. Dougl. in hort. trans. 7. p. 516,- Hook. I. c. ; Lindl.
hot. reg. sub t. 1349.

• Moist mountain-rocks, near springs and streams on the Blue Mountains,
lat. 46°, and on the Spokan River, N. W. America, Dou^la^. —Uookei sus-

548 GROSSULACEiE. Ribes.

pects this plant to be the same as R. triflorum, Willd. "We possess a frag-
ment gathered by Dr. James in the Rocky Mountains (about lat. 41°), which
may be the R. irriguum of Douglas ; but the description of that species is too
imperfect to determine the question. It has slightly pubescent leaves, very
short peduncles ; the narrow calyx-segments are longer than the tube -, the
stamens are included and not longer than the spatulate petals ; the style is cleft
at the summit only, and is a little longer than the stamens ; the fruit is smooth.

12. R. Missonriense (Nutt. ! mss.) : " subaxillary spines 1-3, stout; leaves
roundish or somewhat reniform, cuneate at the base, 3-5-lol)ed, pubescent
beneath ; the lobes nearly equal, short and obtuse, crenately toothed or in-
cised ; peduncles elongated, 2-3-flowered ; tube of the calyx shorter than the
linear elongated at lengtli reflexed segments ; petals very short, retuse ; sta- '
mens glabrous and, with the hairy 2-cleft style, greatly exserted ; fruit brown,
smooth.

" Missouri, common throughout Independence County, where it is some-
times cultivated ; bearing abundance of flowers and fruit ; the latter somewhat
glaucous, and agreeably subacid. Stems smooth, 4-6 feet high ; the
branches also smooth : spines at length very stout, as in R. Uva-crispa.
Peduncles nearly glabrous ; the bracts roundish and glandularly ciliate.
Calyx yellowish-green. Style at length exserted beyound the stamens."
Nuttall. — Flowers rather large. Allied to R. rotundifolium and R. niveum ?

13. R. niveum (Lindl.) : branches spiny, the spines 1-3 ; leaves roundish,
obtusely 3-lobed, crenately incised, entire at the base, glabrous ; peduncles
about 2-flov/ered ; the sepals reflexed ; stamens much exserted, connivent,
hairy, longer than the hairy style ; fruit black, smooth. Lindl. hot. reg. t.
1692.

North West America [Oregon], Douglas. — Berry similar in size and
appearance to R. nigrum, with a rich subacid and perfumed vinous flavor.
Flowers pendulous. Segments of tlie calyx and petals white. Lindl.

14. R. Californicum (Hook. & Arn.) : glabrous; branches not prickly;
subaxillary spines 3, stout ; leaves reniform-cordate, 3-5-lobed, the lobes in-
cisely crenate ; peduncles 1-3-flowered, with roundish bracts ; segments of
the calyx lanceolate, thrice the length of the tube, at length reflexed;
stamens thrice the length of the petals ; style simple, glabrous, much
exserted ; ovary glandular. — Hook. 4* -Am. ! I. c.

CaUfornia, Douglas ! — Leaves very small. Anthers lai-ge, ovate, mu-
cronate.

1.5. R. occidentale (Hook. & Am.): glabrous; branches not prickly;
subaxillary spines 1-3 ; leaves reniform, 3-5-lobed, the lobes crenately in-
cised ; peduncles 1-3-flowered; calyx tubular-campanulate; the segments
spreading, longer than the tube, about the length of the stamens ; style ex-
serted, cleft to the middle, glabrous ; ovary hispid. — Hook. Sf Arn. ! lot.
Beechey, suiipl. p. 346.

California, Douglas! — Leaves very small. Petals broadly obovate, trun-
cate, involute. Anthers ovate, rather large, mucronate.

16. R. lacustre (Poir.) : young stems very prickly ; subaxillary spines
several, weak ; leaves cordate, 3-5-parted, the lobes deeply incised ;
racemes 5-9-flowered, loose ; calyx rotate ; stamens about the length of
the petals ; style short, glabrous, 2-cleft ; ovary glandular-hairy ; fruit
small, hispid.— Poir. supj^l- 2. p. 856; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 165; Nutt.! gen.
1. p. 140; Torr.! fl. 1. p. 270; DC! prodr. 3. p. 478; Hook.! I. c.
p. 232; Guimp. Otto, S^- Haync, holz. t. 136. R. oxyacanthoides, Michx.!
fl,.\.p.\\l. R. oxyacanthoides /?. lacustre, Ptrs. R. echinatum, Dougl. ;
Lindl. hot. reg. sub t. 1349, ex Hook.

RiBES. GROSSULACE^. 549

In mountain swamps &c. New York ! and Massaclmsptts ! north to near
tlie Arctic circle. Also in tlic niountains of CJr('n;()ii and N. California, ac-
cordinc; to Jhtialas. {Hook. I. c.) June. — Stems 3—1 feet liieh ; the Ktdi-
axillary spines scarcely diHerent from the jyrickles. Petioles liairv. Pe-
duncles sleniler, nodding, pubescent. Fruit dark purple, unpleasant to the
taste. — This species ditlers from the others of this section in its many-llowered
racemes.

§ 3. Stems neither prickly nor spiny : leaves plicate in vernation : racemes
several-Jloicercd : calyx campanulate or cylindrical: ovules numerous, in
two or more rows : berries unarmed. — Ribksia, Berlandier. {Currant)

Ribes &. Botrycarpum, ^4. Richard. — Calobotrya, Coreosma, Ceropbyllum tc
Rebis, Spach.

* Flowers greenish.

17. R. fioridum (L'Her.) : leaves sprinkled on both sides with resinous
dots, sliarply 3-5-lobed, subcordate ; the lobes acute, doubly serrate ; ra-
cemes pendulous, pubescent ; bracts linear, lonjjer than the pedicels ; calyx
tubular-cami)anulate, glabrous; the segments oblong-spatulate, about the
length of the tube ; style undivided ; fruit ovoid-globose, black, glabrous. —
L'Her. stirp. 1. p. 4 ; Willd. ! spec. 1. ;;. 116(3 ; Torr. ! fl. l.p. 2G7 ; DC. I
prodr. 3. p. 482 ; Guimp. Otto, S^- Hayne, holz. t. 1 ; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am.
1. p. 233; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 160. R. nigrum /8. Linn. R. recurva-
tum, Michx.! fl. 1. p. 110. R. Pennsylvanicum, Lam. diet. 3. p. 49.
Ribesium nigrum &c. Dill. Elth. t. 224. Coreosma florida, Spach! in
ann. sci. nat. {ser. 2) p. 9.

In woods, from Canada ! (lat. 54^) to Virginia and Kentucky ! April-
May. — Stems 3-4 feet high. Leaves with 3 spreading acute lobes, and
son^etimes two smaller ones near the base, pubescent beneath. Flowers
rather large, yellowish-green. Style sulcate. Berries inferior in size and
flavor to the Common Black Currant of the gardens (which this species
closely resembles).

18. R. Hudsonianum (Richards.): branches erect; leaves .3-5-lobed,
glabrous above, mostly pubescent and sprinkled with small resinous dots
beneath ; the lobes spreading, somewhat ovate, acute, coarsely serrate ;
racemes erect; bracts setaceous, much shorter than the pedicels; calyx
companulate, pubescent externally, deeply 5-parted ; the segments lanceo-
late-oblong; style undivided; ovary obovate, dotted with glands; fruit
globose, black, glabrous. — Richards. ! appx. Frankl. journ. ed. 2. ]). G ;
Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 233. R. nigrum, Richards. I. c. ed. 1. (excl.
syn.)

0. racemes longer ; calyx nearly glabrous. Iluok. I. c. — R. pctiolare,
Dougl. in hort. trans. 7. p. 514, ex Hook.

Hudson's Bay to the Rocky Mountains, north to lat. 57°, Richardson !
Drumniond! &c. /?. Mountains of Oregon above Kettle Falls, Douslas. —
Leaves palmately lobed about to the middle, scarcely ever cordate according
to Richardson, but they are uniformly so in our specimens. Flowers very
small, white. — A very distinct species, resembling R. nigrum in tlie fruit,
the peculiar odor of the plant, &c.

19. R. prostratum (L'Her.) : stems reclined ; leaves deeply cordate, gla-
brous, 5-7-lobed ; the lobes somewhat ovate, acute, incisely doubly serrate ;
racemes erect, slender ; bracts small, much shorter than the bristly-glandular
pedicels ; calyx rotate, the segments obovate ; style deeply 2-cleft ; petals

550 GROSSULACEiE. Rises.

spatulate, very small; fruit (and ovaries) clothed -with glandular bristles,
red, globose.— L' if er. stlrj). 1. p. 3, t. 2 ; Pursh! jl. 1. p. 163 ; Torr.! fl.

1. p. 268 ,• DC. ! prodr. 3. p. 482 ; Hook. ! I. c. (cxcl. IS.) R. glandulosum,
Ait. Kew. [ed. l)\. p- 279; Richards.! i. c. e.d. 1. R. rigens, Miclix. !
fl.p. 110 ,• Bigel.Jl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 90. R. laxiflorum, Richards. ! I. c. ed.

2. (excl. syn.) R. trifidum, Michx. ! I. c.

Hills and rocky places, Newfoundland ! and lliroughout Canada (from
lat. 57°) to Pennsylvania! west to Lake Superior! and the Rocky Moun-
tains, ex Hook. May. — Stems procumbent, rooting; branches erect: the
plant exhaling a faint disagreeable odor, resembling that of Symplocarpus
foetida (Skunk Cabbage). Calyx greenish with purplish veins: the petals
and anthers often purple. Berries rather large, unpleasant to the taste.

20. R. laxiflorum (Pursh): leaves deeply cordate, glabrous, 5-7 -lobed;
the lobes ovate, acute, incised or doubly serrate ; racemes erect, pubescent ;
bracts linear-spatulate, much shorter than the slender glandular pedicels ;
calyx rotate, the segments orbicular ; petals broadly flabelliform ; style
2-parted ; fruit clothed with glandular bristles, red, globose. — Pursh, fl. 2.
p. 731 ,- DC. I. c. R. affine, Dougl. ! mss. ; Bongard ! veg. Sitcha, I. e. j).
138. R. prostratum /?. Hook. ! I. c.

N. W. Coast, Menzies, Douglas, &c. Norfolk Sound, Eschsclvltz !
Sitcha, Bongard! — This plant so closely resembles R. prostratum that we
greatly incline to consider it, with Hooker, as a variety of that species. But
the petals are very different in shape ; the flowers decidedly larger (although
by no means of the size of those of R. floridum, as Pursh states,) and
apparently of a purple color.

■ 21. R. rubrum (Linn.) : leaves subcordate, obtusely 3-5-lobed, pubescent
beneath or at length nearly glabrous, serrate, the teeth mucronate ; racemes
pendulous, produced from'lateral buds distinct from the leaves; calj-x rotate,
the segments roundish ; petals truncate or slightly obcordate ; style very-
short, l^-cleft ; fruit glabrous, red, globose. — Linn. spec. 1. p. 200; Engl,
hot. t. 1289 ; Wahl. fl. Lapp. p. 65; Richards.! appx. Frank!, journ. ed.
2. p. 6 ; Hook. ! fl.. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 232. R. albinervium, 3Iichx. ! fl. 1.
p. 110.

Throughout Canada to the mouth of Mackenzie River, Richardson!
Drummond. In damp woods and swamps, St. Johnsbury, Vermont, Mr.
Carey ! Sault St. Marie, Dr. Pitcher! and at the sources of the St. Croix
River, Dr. Houghton. May-June. — Respecting this species, which appears
to be abundant in our northern latitudes, we wholly accord with Richardson
and Hooker, as our specimens agree in every respect with the European
R. rubrum.

22. R. resinosum (Pursh): plant clothed in every part with resinous
glandular hairs; leaves roundish, 3-5-lobed; racemes erect; bracts linear,
longer than the pedicels; calyx flattish; petals obtusely rhomboidal; fruit
hirsiite. Pursh! fl. 1. p. 163.

" On the mountains of North America. Fraser. April-May." Pursh.—
The mountains of North Carolina are doubtless meant. We have seen a
fragment of this plant in Mr. Lambert's herbarium (under the name of R.
Fraseri), and another in that of Sir Wm. Hooker, sent from the Southern
States by Mr. Parker. — The figure under this name in Bot. mag. t. 1583, is
said by Spach to belong to R. orientale.

23. R. hracteosum (Dougl.): leaves on long petioles, cordate, deeply
5-7 -lobed, sprinkled with resinous dots beneath ; the lobes acuminate, coarse-
ly doubly serrate or incised; racemes (sometimes terminal) very long, erect;
pedicels rather erect, a little exceeding the spatulate bracts; calyx rotate,

RiBES. GROSSULACE.'E. 551

glabrous; fruit black, sprinkled with resinous dots. — Dou<tI. ! I. c. ; lluvk.!
fi. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 233; Bonaurd! veg. Silclia, I. c. p. i:i7.

Oro2;on, Duuislas! ScouLcr I AuttaU! in sliady wwkIs. Sitcha, Bonfiard.'

A striking $|)ecies, 5-8 feet liigh ; the fuil-trrown leaves fre(|ucntly <> inches
in diameter, on petioles about the same length. Racemes often 6-10 indies
long, deflexed in fruit.

' 24. R. cercum (Doufrl.) : leaves (small) roimdish, mostly cordate, 3-5-l()br-d,
incisely crenate, viscid-])ul)orulcni or nearly glabrous, clotbed with white
waxy dots on one or boiii sides; racemes nodding, somewliat ca|)iiate,
3-5-flowered; pedicels scarcely any; bracts ovate, appressed to the ovary ;
calyx tubular, glandular: the segments very short, recurved; petals minute,
orbicular; stvk- undivided ; stigmas 2, capitate; fruit a little glandular, glo-
bose.— Douiil.! in hoTt. Irans.'7. p. 312; Lindl. ! bol. na;. t. 1J(J3; Hook.!
Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 234, S^- bot. mag. t. 3008. R. incbrians, Lindl. hot. rcg.
t. 1471. R. pumilum, Autf.! wss.

0. flowers smaller; leaves renifbrm-cordate, scarcely lobed. — R. reniforme,
Nutt..' in jour. arad. Philad. 7. p. 26.

Banks of the (Jregon and its tributary streams, from the Great Falls to the
Rocky Mountains, Douglas! H. Rocky jMountains, Mr. Wyeth ! Nuttall! —
A low shrub, with small \iscid leaves, and rather Inrge greenish-wiiitc flowers.
Bracts sometimes crenate or incised. — In the character of Nuttall's K. reni-
forme the bracts are said, doubtless by an error of the pen, to be nmch shorter,
instead of longer than the pedicels.

25. R. viscosissimum [Vuxih): viscid-pubescent; leaves cordate, roundish,
obtusely 3-5-lobed ; tlie lobes short, rounded, doubly crenate, somewhat in-
cised ; racemes erect, somewhat corA'mbose ; bracts spatulate, rather shorter
than the glandular pedicels; calyx cam])anulate, the segments shorter than
the tube; stvle 2-cleft at the apex; fruit ovoid, black, viscid-pubescent.—
Pursh,fl. I.'p. 163; DC. I. c. ; Dougl.! in hori. trans. 7. p. 511 ; Hook.!

fi. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 234, t. 76. Coreosma viscosissima, Spach, I. c.

Rocky Mountains near the sources of the Oregon, Lewis, Douglas! Nutt-
all! Also on hills near the Spokan River and Kettle Falls, at an elevation
of 8000 feet, Douglas. June. — Flowers large, greenish-yellow. Berries
unpleasant to the taste.

* * Flovjers red: fruit destitute of pulp,

26. R. glutinosum (Benth.) : leaves cordate, about 3-lobed, serrate, nearly
glabrous, somewhat viscous, veiny; racemes 30-40-flowered, pubescent and
viscous, much longer than the leaves ; pedicels longer than the flowers ; calyx
tubular-campanulate ; the segments oblong, obtuse, spreading, longer than
the obovate (red) petals; style 2-cleft at the apex; fruit ovoid, glandular-
hirsute and viscid. — Benth. ! in hort. trans, {n. ser.) 1. j). 476 ; Hook. ffArn. !
hot. Beechey, suppl. p. 345.

California, Douglas! — Flowers as large as in R. sangiiineum; the ra-
cemes much longer than in that species. Petioles dilated and membranous
at tlie base, pectinately ciliate, glandular.

•^ 27. R. sangiiineum (Pursh) : young branches and petioles glandularly
puberulent; leaves cordate, 3-5-lobed, doubly serrate, glabrous above, veiny
and tomentose-canescent beneath; racemes puberulent and glandular, loose,
about twice the length of the leaves ; peilicels about the length of tlie flower,
rather shorter than the obovate-spatulate (red) bracts; calyx tubular-cam-
panulate ; the segments obovate, spreading, as long as the tube, and a little
exceeding the spatulate petals; style minutely 2-cleft at the apex; fruit sub-
globose, sparsely glanduleur-hirsute.— Pwrs/i .' fi. 1. p. 164; Smith, l. c. ;

552 GROSSULACEyE. Ribes.

Vouffl! in hort. trans, l.f. 509, U 13; Lindl! hot. reg. t. 1349; Hook.!
fl. Bor.-Am. 1.' p. 234 (excl. syn.), Sf hot. mag. t. 3335. Calobotrya san-
guinea, Spach, I. c.

Throughout Oregon ! abundant in rocky situations along streams. — The
most ornamental species of the genus, bearing a profusion of deep rose-colored
flowers; now common in cultivation. " Berries insipid, covered with a dense
bloom." {Nutt.)

26. jR. malvaceum (Smith) : young branches and petioles villous with a
viscid pubescence and glandular; leaves cordate, 3-5-lobed, doubly serrate,
very rugose and hispidly scabrous above, veiny and villous-tomentose be-
neath; racemes scarcely longer than the leaves; flowers nearly sessile,
crowded; bracts ovate, sometimes incised; calyx tubular; the segments
ovate, shorter than the tube, spreading; petals very short, obovate-orbicular ;
style minutely 2-cleft at the summit; fruit ovoid, hairy. — Smith, in Rees,
cyclop. ; DC. jrrodr. 3. p. 383; Bentli.! I. c. ; Hook. S^'Arn.! I. c. R. san-
guineum. Hook, is^' Am. I. c. p. 141. R. tubulosum, Eschs.! in mem. acad.
St. Petersh. (1826) 10. p. 282. R. tubiflorum, ''Meyer, in mem. acad. Mosc.
7 ;" Don. syst. gard. Sj- hot. 3. p. 137.

California, TkZfflzies/ Douglas! Nuttall! — Avery distinct species. The
flowers are apparently not so brightly colored as in R. sanguineum. The
middle lobe of the leaves is ordinarily longer than the lateral ones. — The de-
scription of R. tubulosum of Eschscholtz accords pretty well with this species,
except that the petals are said to be oblong and longer than the calyx-
segments.

§ 4. Stems neither prickly nor spiny : leaves convolute in vernation: racemes
many-floivered : bracts foliaceous : calyx long and tuhular {bright yellow):
berries unarmed. — Siphocalyx {Symphocaly.r, Berlandier), Endl. (Chry-
sobotrya, Spach.)

27. R. aureum (Pursh) : glabrous; leaves 3-lobed, ciliate when young;
the lobes divaricate, incisely few-toothed ; calyx tubular, long and slender;
the segments spreading, much shorter than the tube, about twice the length of
the truncate eroselv denticulate petals; fruit glabrous. — Pursh! fl. 1. p). 164 ;
Bot. reg. t. 125; Berlandier, I. c. t. 2,/. 23 ;^ DC! j^rodr. 3. p. 235; Hook.!
I. c. p. 235. R. longiflorum, Nutt. ! in Fras. cat.

a. fruit oblong or turbinate. — R. palmatum, Desf. ! cat. hort. Par. Cliryso-
botrya revoluta, Spach ! I. c.

0. fruit smaller, globose. — R. flavum, Colla, hort. Rip. ex Spach; Berlan-
dier, I. c. ; DC. I.e. R. fragrans, Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1533? Chrysobotrya
intermedia, Spach ! I. c.

Banks of streams, Arkansas! and Missouri! to the Great Falls of the Ore-
gon ! now abundant in cultivation. April-May. — Flowers bright golden
yellow. Berries yellow, at length turning brownish or black, pleasant.

28. R. tenuiflorum (Lindl.) : glabrous; leaves when young covered with a
mealy bloom, roundish, 3-lobed ; the lobes entire or obtusely 2-3-toothed at
the apex; calyx tubular, very slender; the segments shorter than the tube,
longer than the spatulate nearly entire petals ; fruit glabrous. — Lindl. ! in
hort. trans. 7. p. 242, 4' bot. reg. t. 1274 ; Hook. ! I. c.,\ bot. Beechey, suppl.
p. 345. Chrysobotrya Lindleyana, Spach! I. c.

With the preceding; also in N. California, Douglas! April-May. —
Flowers much smaller than those of R. aureum: the fruit also smaller, glo-
bose.— " The fruit is the size of the Red Currant, with a thick skin and a
dense mucUaginous pulp, of an agreeable flavor, but possessing little acidity.

Mammilaria. CACTACE/E. 553

There are two varieties, the one bearing black, tlic otlicr yellow fruit : the
former changes from yellow lo red, and finally ae(|uircs a deep blackish pur-
ple hue, tlie latter always retains its yellow color." Lindl.

Order LXII. CACTACEiE. Juss.

Sepals numerous, usually indefinite, und confounded with the
petals, imbricated, either coherent with and crowning the ovary, or
covering its whole surface. Petals numerous, usually indefinite, in
several sericB, arising from the orifice of the calyx. Stamens indefi-
nite, cohering more or loss with the petals and sepals : filaments long,
filiform : anthers ovate, versatile. Ovary lleshy, coherent with the
calyx, 1-celled, with numerous parietal placentae : ovules indefinite :
styles united in a long tube or column : stigmas as many as the pla-
centae. Fruit succulent, 1-celled, many-seeded. Seeds, after having
lost their adhesion nestling in the pulp, ovate or obovate, anatropous,
destitute of albumen. Embryo cither straight, curved, or spiral :
radicle thick, obtuse : cotyledons (in the leafless species) often obso-
lete.— Succulent shrubby plants (American) ; the stems usu.illy an-
gular, or two-edged, or foliaceous. Leaves almost always wanting ;
when present fleshy or spine-like. Flowers (mostly large and showy)
sessile.

East of the Mississippi, Opuntia vulgaris extends as far north as lat. 41° or 42° ;
but along the Rocky I\Iountains and on the Missouri several species occur as far as
the 45th or 4Glh degree of north latitude, and are found at a considerable elevation
on the mountains. Farther south on both sides of the mountains, Cactaccffl
doubtless occur in considerable numbers : but on account of the extreme difficulty
of preserving and transporting specimens, it is almost impossible to obtain materi-
als for their study.

1. MAMMILARIA. Hmvorth, syn. p. 177; DC. prodr. 3. p. 458.

Tube of the calyx adherent to the ovary ; the lobes 5-6, crowning the
young fruit, colored. Petals 5-6, scarcely distinct from the calyx, longer
than the sepals and united with tliem into a tube. Stamens filiform, in
several series. Style filiform : stigma 5-7-clefi, radiate. Berry smooth. —
Plants roundish or somewhat cylindrical, destitute of a woody axis, often
with a somewhat milky juice, covered with conical or mammaeform crowd-
ed spirally disposed tubercles, which bear deciduous spines and tomentum
at their extremity. Flowers sessile among the tubercles, usually in a trans-
verse zone. DC.

1. M. simplex (Haworlh) : simple, obovate, the axils glabrous ; tubercles
ovate, bearing spines at the apex ; spines rigid, straight, radiating, red ; flow-
ers whitish. DC. — Haw. syn. pL succ. p. 177 ; DC. prodr. 3. p. 459.
Cactus mammilaris, Linn. ! DC pi. grass, t. 3 ; Nutt. gen. 1. p. 295.

70

554 CACTACEiE. Cereus.

High hills of the Missouri, Nuttall. — Berry scarlet, about equal with the
tubercles. Nidt. Tubercles in 18-20 series, turning to the left, about 20 or
25 in each series : the axils at first somewhat tomentose. DC. — It is singu-
lar, if Mr. Nuttall's plant be the same with the tropical species, that it should
be found so far north.

2. M. vivipara (Haworth) : csespitose, the glomerules subglobose ; tuber-
cles cyhndric-ovate, bearded, marked above with a proliferous groove ; flow-
ers (bright-red) central, large, exserted ; exterior segments of the calyx ciliate ;
fruit fitiform, greenish. Nuit. — Hatv. I. c. p. 42 ,- DC. I. c. Cactus (Melo-
cactus) viviparus, Nutt. gen. l.p. 295.

Summits of gravelly hills, Missouri. June-Aug. — Flowers large, almost
similar to those of C. flagelliformis. Roots long and fusiform, penetrating
deep into the soil. Plants sometimes fonning masses 2 or 3 feet broad.
Berry about the size of a grape, smooth mid eatable. Nutt.

2. ECHINOCACTUS. Link S^- Otto, diss. (1827) ; DC. prodr. 3. p. 461.

Sepals numerous, imbricated, adnate to the base of the ovary and united
in a very short tube ; the exterior involucriform, the inner petaloid. Stamens
numerous. Style filiform, many-cleft at the apex. Berry somewhat squa-
mose with the vestiges of the sepals. — Plant simple, ovate or globose, leafless,
with akernate vertical ribs and furrows; the former bearing fascicles of
spines. Spadix none. Flowers from the clusters of spines ax the summit
of the ribs, similar to those of Cereus, but with scarcely any tube. DC.

1. E. 1 viridescens (Nutt. mss. under Melocactus) : " large and nearly
globose, with 20 or more angles ; spadix none ; flowers (rather large) yellow-
ish-green, from the upper clusters of spines ; spines radiating, unequal ;
three of them usually larger, broad, acuminate, transversely striate ; fruit
green and smooth.

" Arid hills &c. near St. Diego, California. — Sometimes afoot high and 9-
10 inches in diameter; seldom if ever laterally clustered. Segments of the
calyx ciliate, nearly the length of the linear-lanceolate petals. Berry about
the size of a gooseberry." Nuttall. — We have not seen the plant, but it
seems to be an Echinocactus rather than Melocactus.

3. CEREUS. DC. cat. liort. Monsp. (1813) S; prodr. 3. p. 462.

Sepals [and petals] very numerous, imbricated, adnate to the base of the
ovary, united in a long tube ; the exterior shorter and calycine, the middle
ones longer and colored, the interior petaloid. Stamens very numerous,
coherent with the tube. Style filiform, many-cleft at the apex. Berry
somewhat tuberculate or squamose with the vestiges of the sepals. — Fleshy
elongated shrubs, with a ligneous axis and an internal pith, grooved verti-
cally ; the angles bearing fascicles of spines, either numerous or few, or
rarely only 2. Flowers from the clusters of spines. DC.

There is a large columnar species in Key West (perhaps C. Peruvianus), and
several Cacteffi noticed by Dr. James along the base of tlie Rocky Mountains (C.
cylindricus, James, in Long's exped. &c.) appear to belong to this genus, but we
have not the means for characterizing them. To this genus the following species
seems to belong.

Opuntia. CACTACEiE. 555

1. C. ? Californicus (Nutt. mss. under Cactus) : "erect ami slirul)l)y, wiili
numerous clusters of long anil short spines ; tlie branches somewhat cylin-
(Iric, repandly grooved, reticulated ; flowers small, yellow ; fruit dry and
spiny.

"Arid hills and denuded tracts near St. Dieijo, California, common."
Nutt.

4. OPUNTIA. Tmm. inst. I. V22 ; Han-orth, sijn.p. 187; DC. I. r.

Sepals and petals numerous, adnate to the ovary, not produced into a tube ;
the interior jietaloid, obovate, spreading. Stamens numerous, shorter than
tlie petals. Style cylindrical, constricted at the base: stigmas numerous,
tliick, erect. Berry umbilicate at the apex, luberculate, often prickly. Em-
bryo somewhat spiral, nearly terete : plumule small. — Shrubby ]ilants, with
articulated branches; the joints (rarely terete) mostly compressed and dilated,
bearing fascicles of prickles or bristles arranged in a (juincuncial or sjiiral
order. Flowers (yellow or red) arising from the clusters of ]mckles or along
the margin of the joints. Stamens somewhat irritable. DC.

-^1. O. vulgaris {Mill.) : diffusely prostrate, creeping ; joints ovate ; prick-
les short and very numerous, usually with several strong and su])ulat(' (yel-
low) spines; flowers yellow; fruit crimson, nearly smooth. — Mill. diet. t.
191 ,- Haw. I. c. ; DC. I. c. ; Hook. hot. mag. t. 2393. Cactus Opuntia,
Linn.; jWchr. fl. 1. p. 282 ; Pursh, ft. 1. p. 327; Nutt. gen. 1. p. 296;
Ell. sk. 1. p. 537 ; Torr. ! Jl. 1. p. 4G7. C. humifusus, Raf. ami. nat. p. 15.
Sandy fields and on rocks. New York ! to Florida. — Fruit obovate, um-
bilicate, eatable. Petals much longer than the calyx. In the Northern
States tlie plant seldom produces the stronger spines. — Prickly Pear.

2. O. Ficus-lndica (Ilaworth) : joints ovate-oblong, obtuse at each end (a foot
in length) ; prickles very short, setaceous, immersed in wool ; flowers sul-
phur-color. DC. I. c. — Cactus Ficus-lndica, Linn. spec. 1. p. 468 ; Willd.
spec. 2. p. 944.

Key West, Mr. Bennett /—Fruit large, eaiahle.— Indian Fig.

3. O. Missouriensis (DC): joints large, nearly orbicular, very spiny;
spines of two kinds ; the larger radiate, persistent; flowers numerous, aggre-
gated (pale sulphur-yellow, rose-color towards the base) ; fruit dry and
spiny. Nutt.—DC.prodr.^.p.A12. O. polyacantha, J/a»or</(. Cactus
ferox, Nutt. gen. I. p. 296; Torr. in ann. lye. NeivYork. 2. p. 202; not
of Willd.

Arid plains of the Missouri, common. Nut tall. Also on the Platte and
Arkansas, and on tlie Rocky Mountains, Dr. James. July. — This is said to
be a much larger plant than the common Prickly Pear. "Thorns formida-
ble. Fruit deep purple, as large as a hen's egg." Stigmas 8-10, greenish.
Nutt.

4. O. rutila {Nutt. mss.) : "spines strong and numerous, as well on the
fruit as the joints ; flowers carmine-red.

" Arid clay hills in the Rocky Mountain range, near the Colorado of the
West, about lat; 42°." Nuttall.

5. O.fragilis (Nutt. under Cactus) : joints short, oblong, somewhat terete,
very frat'ile ; spines of 2 kinds; flowers solitary at the summit of the jomts,
small ; fruit dry and spiny.— .Ym^?. gen. 1. p. 296 ; DC prodr. 3. p. 472 ;
Torr. in ann. lye. NewYork, 2. p. 202.

556 SURIANACE^. Suriana.

Sterile but moist situations on the Missouri, the Platte &c., from the
Mandans to the mountains, Nuttall, Dr. James. — A very peculiar species.

Order (LXIII.) MESEMBRYANTHEMACE^. Lindl.

Ficoideae, Juss., DC. partly.

Two or more species of Mesembryanthemum are said to be naturalized in Call-
fornia, and one Mr. Nuttall suspects to be native; but there is no account of the
species in his notes ; and we have seen no specimens.

Order LXIV. SURIANACE^. Am.

Sepals 5, persistent : aestivation twisted, imbricated. Petals 5,
alternate with the sepals, distinct, inserted into the bottom of the
calyx. Stamens 5, alternate with the petals, sometimes with 5 al-
ternating ones that are occasionally abortive, all inserted with the
petals : filaments persistent, distinct, subulate from a broad base,
hairy below : anthers 2-celIed, bursting longitudinally. Torus
fleshy, filling up the bottom of the calyx, supporting the ovaries on
its middle and the petals and stamens on its margin. Ovaries 5,
opposite to the petals, distinct, each with a long style arising from
the inner angle near the base : ovules in pairs, collateral, erect,
straight, with the foramen at the opposite extremity from the hilum
[id est, orthotropous]. Fruit of 5 coriaceous pyriform indehiscent
carpels. Seeds solitary, uncinate, attached to the base of the car-
pels : albumen none. Embryo of the same shape as the seed : radi-
cle as long as the cotyledons, at the opposite end from the hilum ;
cotyledons oblong, fleshy, incumbent. — Sea-side shrubs. Leaves
simple, oblong-spatulate, thickish, pubescent, crowded at the apices
of the branches, exstipulate. Flowers yellow, bracteate, somewhat
terminal. Am.

1. SURIANA. Plumier, gen. 37 ; Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 389.

Character the same as of the Order.

jS. maritima (Linn.) — Plum. Amer. ed Burm. t. 249 ; PluTc. aim. t. 241.
/. 5; DCinodr. 2. p. 91 ; W. S; Am. prodr. fi. Ind. Or. 1. p. 361.

Key West, Mr. Bennett! Southern Florida, Dr. Hasler .'—This plant is
found on the sea-shores of almost every quarter of the globe, within the
tropics.

Order LXV. CRASSULACEiE. Juss.

Sepals 4-5, or rarely 3-20, imbricated in aestivation, more or less
united at the base, persistent. Petals as many as the sepals and al-

TiLLJEA. CRASSULACE/E. 657

ternate with them, not unguiculate, imbricate in xstivation, inserted
on the base of the calyx, sometimes connate into a monopctaloug
tube. Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them, or
twice as many, inserted with the petals or adnato to their base :
filaments subulate or linear-filiform : anthers introrsc. A hypogy-
nous scale usually at the base ot" each carpel. Ovaries always
equal in number to the petals and opposite them, distinct, or rarely
more or less united, with numerous (or rarely few) ovules in 2 rows,
subulate with the persistent styles. Carpels follicular in fruit,
usually many-seeded, opening by the inner suture ; when combined,
the dehiscence anomalous. Seeds anatropous, with a membrana-
ceous often loose testa. Embryo straight in the axis of a thin
fleshy albumen. — Succulent or fleshy herbs, or sometimes sufiVuti-
cose plants, with simple exstipulate (rarely membranaceous) leaves.
Flowers usually cymose.

Tribe I. CRASSULE^. DC.
Carpels (follicles) distinct, dehiscent by the inner suture.

1. TILLiEA. Mich. gen. t. 20; Linn.; Endl. gen. p. 809.

Sepals 3-4, united at the base. Petals 3-4, distinct. Stamens 3-4. Car-
pels 3-4, 2-many-seeded. — Small more or less a(|uatic annual herbs, with
opposite leaves, and small axillary (mostly wliite) flowers.

§ 1. Parts of the floicer 3-4 : petals acuminate: hypogynous scales minute or
none: carpels 1-2-seeded, often constricted in the middle. — Till^ea, DC.

1. T. minima (Miers) : stems diffuse, branching; leaves minute, connate,
oval-oblong; flowers vcrticillate and crowded in the axils of the leaves, on
short pedicels; petals 4, acuminate, shorter than the calyx; carpels 1-2-
seeded. Hool:. !<f Am.— ''Miers, Chil. 2. p. 530"; Hook. Sf Arn. hot. misc.
3. p. 338. T. erecta, Hook. S^- Am. hot. Bcechey, p. 24.

St. Diego, California, Nuitall! — A few of I he pedicels are elongated so as
to exceed the leaves in length. Perhaps not different from T. rubescens,
H. B. &; K.

§ 2. Parts of the flower \ : petals oval or oblong: hypogynous scales linear:
carpels Q-20-seeded. — Bulliarda, DC.

■ 2. T. simplex (Nutt.) : stem erect or ascending, generally simple, rooting
at the base ; leaves linear-oblong, acutish or rather obtuse, connate at the
base; flowers solitary, nearly sessfle; petals (greenish-white) ami narrow
carpels twice the length of the sepals.— Nutt. ! in jour. acad. Philad. \. p.
114, S^- gen. appx. ; DC! j^rodr. 3. p. 381. T. ascendens, Eaton.

Muddy banks of rivers, near New Haven, Connecticut! and Philadelphia!
July-Sept.— Stems 1-3 inches high. Leaves 2-3 lines long, at length
shorter than tlie internodes. Flowers the size of a small pin's head. Car-

558 CRASSULACE^. Sedum.

pels 8-10-seeded : styles none. — Near T. aquatica, Linn., as Mr. Nuttall
remarks : perhaps not distinct.

3, T. Drummondii: stems diffuse, dichotomous; leaves oblong-linear,
rather obtuse, somewhat connate ; flowers nearly solitary, on pedicels at
length as long as the leaves; petals (reddish) and obtuse carpels twice the
length of the sepals.

Texas, Drummond! Feliciana, Louisiana, Prof. Carpenter! in damp
prairies and along the margin of ponds. April. — Plant about an inch high,
slightly succulent. Leaves longer and narrower than in T. Vaillantii. Car-
pels 12-20-seeded: styles almost none. Seeds oval.

4. T. angusti folia (Nutt. ! mss.): "branching from the base, rooting;
leaves linear, acute, connate ; flowers axillary, nearly solitary, on very short
pedicels; segments of the calyx 4, ovate, about half the length of the ovate
obtuse petals; carpels broad, obtuse, many-seeded.

" Muddy banks of the Oregon and Wahlamet. — Plant 1-2 inches high.
Styles none : stigma minute. Petals as long as the carpels. Seeds small,
linear-oblong." Nuttall.

2. SEDUM. Linn.; Gtertn.fr. t. 65; DC. prodr. 3. p. 401, Sfmem. t. 4-9.

Sedum & Rhodiola, Linn.

Sepals commonly 5, more or less united at the base, usually turgid. Petals
distinct, mostly spreading. Stamens twice the number of the peials. Car-
pels as many as the sepals, many-seeded, with an entire scale at the base of
each. — Herbs or rarely sufTrutescent plants, mostly branching from the base.
Leaves alternate or scattered, sometimes opposite or verticillate, usually
crowded on the sterile branches. Flowers cymose, sometimes with 4 or 6-7
sepals and petals, and consequently 8 or 12-14 stamens.

* Leaves flat.

' 1. S. Rhodiola (DC): glabrous; leaves oblong, serrate, or sometimes al-
most entire ; root tuberous T stem simple ; flowers (yellow) in a crowded and
nearly sessile corymbose cyme, mostly tetramerous and by abortion dioeci-
ous.— DC! fl. Fran., ^pl. grass, t. 143; Torr.! in ann. lye. NeivYork, 2.
p. 206; Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 227. Rhodiola rosea, Linn.! spec. 2. p.
1035 ; Engl. hot. t. 508. R. odorata. Lam. ill. t. 819.

Arctic America, from Greenland ! to Kotzebue's Sound ! Newfoundland J
and on the Rocky Mountains to lat. 41°, Dr. James! — U Flowers small.
The root exhales the odor of the rose.

,'- 2. S. telephioides (Michx.) : leaves ovate or oval, attenuate at the base,
somewhat toothed, glabrous; stem erect; cymes paniculate-corymbose,
dense ; stamens 10, "scarcely exceeding the ovate-lanceolate (pale purple)
Y,eta\s.— Michx. ! fl. 1. p. 277 ; Pursh, fl.l.p. 324 ; Nutt. ! gen. 1. p. 293 ;
DC. prodr. 3. p. A02.

On rocks in the mountainous region of the Southern States ! Harper's
Ferry, Virginia, and near the Great^Fallsof the Potomac, Mr. Rich! Rocky
hills near Sparta, New Jersey, Nuttall. Shore of Seneca Lake, New York,
Mr. Hall. Limestone clitls nearUfica, Indiana, Dr. Clapp! June-Aug. —
U Stem a foot high. Leaves 1-2 inches long. — Closely resembles S. Tele-
phium (the common Orpine or Live-for-ever of the gardens), which is begitt-
ning to be naturalized in a few places.

Sedum. CRASSULACEiE. 559

~U^ 3. S. sparsiflorum (Nutt. ! mss.) : " glabrous, branched from the base,
erect or decumbent; leaves all scattered, oblong, small ; cyme compound;
the flowers sessile, scattered along the circinato l)ninches, mostly dfcandrous;
petals (yellow) lanceolate, acute, rather longer than the ovale sepals; biyles
short.

Plains of Red River, Arkansas, Nvttall! Dr. James! Dr. Pitcher! Dr.
Leaveiiworlk ! Texas, Drummond! May. — (l) Stems 2-4 inches liigh.
Leaves about 2 lines long. Flowers small.

/ 4. S. spathulifoUum (Hook.): glabrous, glaucous or pulvendent; leaves
broadly spatulate, obtuse ; the upi)ermost small; stems decumbent at the
base; cyme compound; (lowers slightly pedicellate, decandrous; petals
(yellow) linear-lanceolate, acute, much longer than the calyx, scarcely ex-
ceeding llie stamens. — Hook.fl. Bor.-Am. I. p. 227.

Oregon, on rocks, Douglas, JSutlall! May. — H Steins about 6 inches
high. Flowers rather large.

5. .5*. Oregamtm (Nutt.! mss.) : "glabrous, not glaucous; leaves all scat-
tered, spatulate, rounded at the summit ; stems erect, simple ; cyme com-
pound ; the flowers on very short pedicels, decandrous ; petals (pale rose-
color) linear-lanceolate, much acuminate, 3-4 times the length of the ovate-
lanceolate acuminate sepals, and about twice the length of the stamens."

Rocks, near the mouth of the Oregon, Nuttall ! — H Petals more than
half an inch long.

.< 6. S. ternatum{^l\chx.): leaves glabrous, entire ; the lower ones ternately
'verticillate, broadly cunciform-obovate, attenuate at the base ; the upper-
most scattered, oval or lanceolate, sessile ; stems low, creeping at the base,
assurgent ; cyme 3-spiked, with the flowers unilateral and octandrous, sessile,
about the length of the leafy bracts; the solitary central flower decandrous ;
stamens shorter than the linear-lanceolate acute (white) petals. — Michx. ! ji.
1. ;;. 277 ,• Pumh, I. c. ; Ell. sk. l.p. 529 ; Turr. ! Jl.l.p. 463 ; Bot. mas. t.
1977 ,• Bot. reg. t. 142 ; DC! prodr. 3. p. 403 ; Darlingt. Jl. Cest. p. 482.
S. annuum, <5cc. Gronov.! Ji. Virg. ed. 2. p. 71. S. portulacoides, Muhl. !
in W'dld. enum. l.p. 484.

Rocky banks of streams, Upper Canada ! and Pennsylvania! to the moun-
tains of Georgia, and throughout the Western States ! May-June. — U Stems
branching from tlie base, 3-8 inches long. Branches of the cyme spreading
or recurved, loosely flowered. Sepals linear-oblong, obtuse. Anthers pur-
plish-b rown. — Stone-crop.

7. S. pidchelhim (Michx.) : leaves glabrous, linear, obtuse, flattish, closely
sessile and more or less auriculate at the base, very numerous, scattered ;
stems assurgent, often branching from the base ; cyme of several umbellate
spikes, which arc spreading or recurved in flower, but straight and rather
erect in fruit; the flowers crowded, closely sessile, unilateral, somewhat ex-
ceeding the linear bracts, octandrous ; the solitary central one commonly
decandrous; petals (pale purple or rose-color) lanceolate, acute, about twice
the lensth of the lanceolate obtuse sepals. — Michx.! jl. \. p. 277 ; Muhl. !
cat.p.AG ; Nutt. gen. l.p. 292? S. pulchrum, DC. I. c.

/?. flowers rather larger ; petals pale rose-color ornearly white. — S. lini-
folium, Null.! 7nss.

On rocks, in the mountainous portions of Virginia ! to Georgia ! and west
to Kentucky ! Tennessee ! Arkansas ! and Texas ! 0. Arkansas, Nuttall !
May-June.— K? or (T) Stems 4-12 inches long. Branches of the cyme
rarely somewhat scattered. Anthers brown. Styles slender.

8. S. Douglasii (Hook.) : glabrous ; leaves linear-subulate, crowded, very
acute, flat on the upper side, carinate below, with membranaceous margins

660 CRASSULACEiE. Echeveria.

when dry ; stem erect, often with proliferous shoots ; cyme dicliotomous ;
flowers sessile, decandrous ; petals narrowly lanceolate, twice the length of
the calyx.— Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. l.p. 228.

Oregon, on rocks, Douglas, Nutlall ! — (i) Stems a span high. Leaves
with scarious margins towards the base, thickened in the middle.

* * Leaves terete.

: 9. S. stenopetalum (Pursh) : glabrous, branching from the base ; stems
assurgent ; leaves crowded, compressed-subulate, closely sessile, acute ;
cymes 2-3-chotomous ; the flowers crowded on the short branches, nearly
sessile, decandrous; petals linear, acute, much longer than the calyx. —
Pursh, fl. l.'p. 234 ; DC. prodr. 3. p. 408; Hook.! fi. Bor.-Am. I. p. 228.
S. lanceolatum, Torr. .' in ann. lye. Neiv York, 2. p. 205.

Along both sides of the Rocky Mountains. {Lewis, Dr. James ! Drum-
mond! NuttalU) — H Stems 4-6 inches high. Leaves short. Flowers
rather large, yellow.

10. S. edide (Nutt. ! mss.) : "caespitose; leaves terete, subulate at the
apex, dilated at the base, glaucous; scape paniculately branched above, the
branches cymose ; flowers nearly sessile, decandrous ; petals lanceolate,
acute, about twice the length of the lanceolate sepals.

"Edges of rocks and ravines, St. Diego, California. — li Scapes a foot
high, with a few short and distant subulate leaves ; the radical leaves 3-4
inches long, succulent. Flowers numerous, rather large. Scales at the
base of the carpels none. — A remarkable species, allied apparently to Eche-
veria teretifolia, but with white flowers tinged with green, the petals wholly
distinct, &c. The numerous scapes are gathered and eaten while young by
the savages." Nuttall.

t Doubtful Species.

11. ,S». hfematodes (Mill, diet.): stems erect, fleshy; leaves ovate, entire,
the uppermost clasping; corymb terminal. DC. prodr. 3. p. 404.

Louisiana. — If Varies with white and purple flowers. DC. — Possibly
S. telephioides.

3. ECHEVERIA. DC prodr. 3. p. 401, S^- mem. Crass, t. 5 4-6.

Sepals 5, somewhat united at the base. Petals 5, erect, connivent, united
below, carinate. Stamens 10, shorter than the petals. Carpels 5, many-
seeded, tapering into subulate styles, with a short obtuse scale at the base
of each. — Shrubby or herbaceous (Mexican and Califomian) fleshy plants ;
the cauline leaves alternate or rosulate and somewhat opposite, entire.
Flowers scarlet and yellow.

1. E. ccespitosa (DC): leaves rosulate-crowded, obscurely opposite,
tongue-shaped, very thick, glaucous ; corymb panicled ; the flowers nearly
sessile along the branches. DC. I. c. — Cotyledon cffispitosa, Haiwrth, misc.
p. 180. C.linguiformis, ^ii. Kew. {ed. 2) 3. p. 109. Sedum Cotyledon,
Jacq. eclog. 1. t. 17.

California. — H Flowers yellow.

2. E. pulverulenta (Nutt.! mss.): "leaves spatulate, acuminate, very
pulverulent; those of the leafy stem gradually diminishing to bracts, broadly
cordate, clasping ; panicle dichotomous, fastigiate ; the pedicels rather longer
than the (pale scarlet) flowers ; calyx about half the length of the connivent
petals.

Penthorum. CRASSULACE7E. 561

"St. Die£;o, California. — K. 1 Flovverinp; the second year, in May. Stem
2-3 feet hij^li, leafy. Pcdieels ruxkiin^. Petals ]inlc scarlet or eoral-color.
Carpels linear-lanceolate. Seeds numerous, subulate." Nuttatl.

-■' — "3. E. lanccola la (Nun. \ nisa.): "rosulatc radical leaves lanceolate, acu-
minate, a little pulverulent; stem scapiform, with small and distant claspinij
cordate leaves; panicle fastin^ate, dichotomous; the flowers (red and yellow)
on very short pedicels: segments of the calyx ovate, obtuse, much shorter
than the petals. ^

"St. Diego, CaUfomia, with the preceding. — U A smaller plant."

Trirk ri. DIAMORPHE^E.

Carpels more or less united, dehiscent by the separation of the
dorsal portion.

4. DIAMORPHA. Nutl. gen. 1. p. 293; DC. prodr. 3. p. 414, c^ viem.

Crass, t. 1,/. 9.

Sepals 4, very short and obtuse, united at the base. Petals 4, oval, con-
cave, inserted by a broad base. Stamens 8: filaments subulate, rather
shorter than the petals : anthers roundish, purple. Scales at the base of the
carpels minute, obcordate. Carpels 4, united below the middle, tapering
into short styles, when old divergent above, not dehiscent by either suture,
but by the vertical separation of the dorsal portion (nearly half) of each car-
pel in a valvular manner; the style remaining. Seeds 4-8. — A very small
succulent biennial herb, branching from the base (2-4 inches high), with
white flowers in small corymbose cymes, and alternate (oblong or oval)
nearly terete leaves.

--D. pusilla (Nutt. ! 1. c.)— Sedum pusillum, Michx.! f. 1. p. 276. Til-
laea ? cymosa, Nutt. gen. 1. j^- 210.

On " Flat Rock," Camden, North (?) Carolina, Michaux ! NuttuU ! (South
Carolina, Elliott.) Abundant on flat rocks in the upper part of Georgia,
Dr. Leavenworth ! March. — Mr. Nuttall obtained this little plant in winter,
witli only the persistent remains of the fruit of the fonner season ; and from
these specimens his description and the figure of De Candolle were taken;
whence its remarkable dehiscence, so analogous to that of Penthorum, has
escaped notice, as the valvular dorsal portion by which each carpel opens
early falls away, when the dehiscence might readily be supposed to bo
simply loculicidal. The fine specimens of Dr. Leavenworth have enabled
us to complete the history of this interesting genus. — The Sedum jiusillum
of Pursh, from the "banks of the Shenandoah River, Virginia," is doubtless

5. pulchellum, as Mr. Nuttall has long ago remarked : Pursh's specimens
.of the latter plant, from that same locality, are still preserved in tlie late
Prof. Barton's herbarium.

5. PENTHORUM. Gromv.fl. Virg.; Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 390.

Sepals 5, united at the base. Petals 5, or sometimes wanting. Stamens
10. Scales at the base of the carpels none? Carpels united into a S-angled

71

662 SAXIFRAGACE^. Leptarrhena.

5-celled capsule, with 5 diverging beaks, dehiscent by the separation of the
beak with a part of the back of each carpel. Seeds numerous, minute. —
Erect perennial (N. American and Chinese) herbs, not succulent, with alter-
nate membranaceous and serrate leaves, and yellowish flowers, unilateral on
the simple branches of the cyme.

1. P. sedoides (Linn.) : stem somewhat branched, angular above; leaves
lanceolate, acute at each end, almost sessile ; branches of the cyme many-
flowered ; seeds scobiform, elliptical. — Gronov. ! I. c. ; Linn. act. Ups.
(1774) p. 12, t. 2; Michx..' fl. 1.^.278; Pursh.' fl. I. p. 328; Twr. !
ft. 1. p. 463; DC. ! prodr. 3. p. 414 ; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 281.

Ditches and wet places, Canada! to Georgia and Louisiana; common.
July-Sept. — Flowers pale greenish-yellow, the petals often wanting. —
Virginia Stone-crop.

Order LXVI. SAXIFRAGACE^. Juss,

Sepals 4-5 (very rarely fewer or more numerous) united or nearly
distinct, imbricate or valvate in aestivation. Petals as many as
the sepals and alternate with them. Stamens as many (very rarely
fewer) or twice as many as the petals, rarely more numerous or in-
definite, and inserted with them into the throat of the calyx : anthers
introrse. Ovary either free from the calyx or coherent with its
tube, of 2, or sometimes 3-5 or more carpels, which are either
partially or completely united, l-celled with parietal placentae, or
with as many cells as carpels and the placentae in the axis : ovules
mostly numerous : styles distinct or more or less united. Fruit cap-
sular, with septicidal or rarely loculicidal dehiscence. Seeds ana-
tropous, usually small and numerous. Embryo straight, in the
axis of fleshy albumen, which it usually nearly equals in length :
radicle cylindrical : cotyledons short. — Herbs or shrubs, with alter-
nate or opposite (sometimes stipulate) leaves. Inflorescence various,
often cymose.

Suborder I. SAXIFRAGES. DC.

^Estivation of the petals imbricate. Capsule usually beaked
with the distinct summits of the carpels, opening along the inner suture
of each, or septicidal. — Herbs, with alternate or opposite leaves ;
the base of the petioles sometimes dilated and stipuliform.

1. LEPTARRHENA. R. Br. in Parry's 1st voy. suppl. p. 273 ; Hook,
fl. Bor.-Am. l.p. 256, t. 89.

Calyx campanulate, 5-parted, the base adherent to the ovary. Petals 5,
entire. Stamens 10, inserted into the calyx-tube : filaments subulate :

Saxifraga. SAXIFRAGACEiE. 663

anthers 1-celled, 2-valved. Ovary of 2 nearly distinct carpels, tapering into
very short styles, dehiscent longitudinally witliin. Seeds numerous, ascend-
ing, scobiform ; the testa loose, elongated and subulate at both ends, includ-
ing tlie oval nucleus. — An herb, with somewhat the habit of Pyrola. Leaves
coriaceous, persistent, obovate, serrate, crowded at the base of the nearly
naked scape : petioles dilated and sheathing at tlie base. Flowers racemose-
paniculate.

L. pyrolifolia (R. Brown ! 1. c.) — L. pyrolifolia & araplexifolia, Seringe!
in DC. prodr. 4. ^>. 48. Saxifraga pyrolifoha, Don ! Saxifr. in Linn, trans.
13. p. 389. S. amplexifolia, Stcrnb. rev. Saxifr. suppl. p. 2, t. 2.

N. W. Coast : Unalaschka, Mr. Nelson ! Chamisso I Bchring's Straits,
Menzies ! and on the west side of tlie Rocky Mountains in about lat. 52°,
Drummond, Douglas ! Also in Kamtschatka. — Stem short, ascending, mostly
simple, clotlied with tlie membranaceous sheadiing bases of the jjetioles.
Leaves elliptical-obovate, with oblique veins, very smooth and shining
above, pale beneath. Scape 8-16 inches high, rigid, a little pubescent or
glandular towards tlie summit. Flowers small. Petals linear, scarcely
longer than the calyx, white.

2. SAXIFRAGA. Linn. ; R. Br. in Parry's 1st voy. sujypl. p. 273.

Calyx free, or coherent with the base of the ovary ; the sepals 5, more or
less united, imbricate in aestivation. Petals 5, inserted on the tube of tlie
calyx, entire. Stamens 10, or very rarely 5 : anthers 2-celled, opening
longitudinally. Styles 2 (rarely 3, or even 4-6) : stigmas slightly capitate
or truncate. Capsule (adnate to the calyx below, or free) of 2, or sometimes
more, more or less united (rarely almost distinct) carpels, 2-beaked, 2-celled
below, many-seeded, opening by a roundish hole between the diverging
beaks. Seeds smooth or rugose ; the testa conformed to the nucleus. — Peren-
nial (rarely annual) herbs. Radical leaves usually rosulate; the cauline
mostly alternate. Peduncles 1-many-flowered.

§ 1. Caudex perennial., l^ofy - leaves opposite, persistent, thickened towards
the apex and punctate with 1-3 impressed dots or pores, the cilia not articu-
lated : flowering stems annual, peduncle-like : sepals coherent to the middle,
erect. — Porphyrion, Tausch.

, 1. S. oppositifolia (Linn.) : leaves of the sterile branches imbricated in 4
rows, or rarely remote, obovate, carinate, ciliate, obtuse or obliquely truncate
at the apex, and generally perforated by 1-3 small pores ; flowers solitary ;
calyx free from the ovary ; stamens shorter than the large obovate (lilac-
colored) 5-nervcd petals; seeds rugose. — Linn.! spec. 1. p. 402, Sf fl. Lapp,
t. 2, /. 1 ; Fl. Dan. t. 34 ; Engl. bot. t. 9 ; Pursh ! fl. 1. p. 311 ; Don !
Saxifr. in Linn, trans. 13. p. 400 ; Seringe ! in DC. prodr. 4. p. 17 ; Hook. !
fl. Bor.-Ani. 1. p. 243. S. retusa, Sternb. in Linnaa, 6. p. 556. Anti-
phylla spathulata. Haw. enum, Saxifr. p. 45.

Newfoundland ! Labrador ! and the Island of Anticosti ! to the shores of
the Arctic Sea! west to the Rocky Mountains! (lat. 52°-5G°) and to
Kotzebue's Sound. — Plant purplish. Flowers occasionally white.

564 SAXIFRAGACE^. Saxifraga.

2. .S. EscJischoUzii (Sternb.) : small, densely cacspitose; leaves closely
imbricated, obovate, concave, pectinafely ciliate ; flowers solitary' on very
short peduncles; petals (calyx, Sternb.) cochleate, ciliate. Hook. — Sternb.
rev. Saxifr. suppl. p. 9, t. 10, /. 2; Seringe, in DC. I. c. ; Hook. fl. Bor.-
Am. 1. p. 243. S. fimbriata, Don, Saxifr. I. c. p)' 404.

N. W. Coast, lat. 59°, Mr. Nelson! Bebrin,^'s Straits, Menzies, and
Arctic sea-shore west of Mackenzie River, Capt. Franklin, ex Hook. — Stems
an inch high, silvery gray. Leaves somewliat 3-nerved.

§ 2. Caudex perennial, leafy : leaves flat, mostly j^eTsistent, often hristly-
ciliate, the margins not punctate nor cartilaginous : flowering stems annual,
leafy: sepals united at the base, slightly colierent with the ovary. — Hirculus,
Tausch.

.. 3. iS. Hirculus (Linn.): stem 1-6-flowered; leaves lanceolate, nerved,
' not ciliate ; pedicels hairy ; sepals usually ciliate, obtuse, much shorter than

the obovate many-nerved petals ; styles very short ; stigmas spatulate, at

first inflexed, at length divaricate. — Linn. ; Engl. bot. t. 1009 ; Don, Saxifr.

I. c. p)- 372 ; R. Br. ! in Parry's 1st voy. suj^j^l. p. 273 ; Seringe ! in DC.

prodr. 4. p. 45 ; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Ani. 1. p. 252. S. propinqua, R. Br. in

Ross' voy. {ed. 2) 2. p. 192.
Arctic Sea-shore and Islands, from Melville Island ! to Behring's Straits !

south to the Saskatchawan. — Flowers very large, yellow.

4. S. flagellaris (Willd.) : glandularly pubescent ; stem simple, leafy ;
' stolons from the axils of the radical leaves very long and filiform, naked,

bearing a rooting bud or leafy tuft at the extremity ; leaves obovate-spatulale,
ciliate, the radical and lower cauline ones much crowded, the uppermost
oblong or linear ; flowers large (yellow) ; calyx very glandular ; petals per-
sistent, longer than the capsule. — Willd. ex Sternb. rev. Saxifr. p. 25, t. 6 ;
R. Br. ! in Parry's 1st voy. supipl. p. 273 ; Don, Saxifr. I. c. p. 373 ; Se-
ringe! in DC. I. c. ; Torr. ! in ami. lye. NeivYork, 2. p. 203 ; Hook.! fl.
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 253, t. 87. S. setigera, Pursh! fl. 1. p. 312.

a. stem 1-5-flowered; sepals oblong ; ovarv nearly free. Hook. — S. flagel-
laris, Willd. I. c; Ledeb.! fl. Alt. 2. p. 121, c^ ic. pi. Ross.-Alt. t. 321.
S. aspera, Bieberst. S. rayosotifolia. Pall, in Spreng. syst. ? ex Hook.

0. stem about 1-flowercd ; calyx adhering to the base of the ovary ; the
segments ovate. Hook. — S. flagellaris, R. Br. I. c. ; Hook. Sf Am. bot,
Beechey, p. 154.

Arctic America, from Greenland ! Baffin's Bay, and Melville Island ! to
Kotzebue's Sound and tlie N. W. Coast ! and on the Rocky Mountains to
lat. 41°, Dr. James ! — This singular plant is also found on the Caucasian
Alps. S. stenopelala, Royle, and tw^o or three other species of the Himalaya
Mountains collected by Jacquemont, are allied to it.

5. S. bronchialis (Linn.) : stems ascending, slender, producing short
branchlets ; leaves linear, rather coriaceous, finely ciliate, mucronate ;
flowers corymbose or solitary ; peduncles long and weak ; sepals lanceolate,
rather acute ; petals obovate-oblong, marked with numerous saffron-colored
spots ; styles and stigmas convergent during flowering. Seringe. — Linn. ;
Pursh! fl. 1. p. 310 ; Sternb. rev. Saxifr. p. 13, t. 10} Don! Saxifr. I. c.
p. 376 ; Seringe! in DC. I. c. ; Torr.! in ann. lye. New York, 2. p. 204;
Hook.fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 255.

N. W. Coast ! and Rocky Mountains, at the Portage of the Oregon,
Drummond; and to lat. 41°, Dr. James ! — Flowers small, yellowish-white.

/ 6. S. tricuspidata (Retz) : stem strict, thick ; lower leaves dense, oblong,

Saxifraga. SAXTFRAGACEyE. 565

3-cuspiclate, witli cartilag^inous points, the margins very sliglitly ciliatc ;
flowers somewhat corymhose, tlie pedunrles rather sliort and ripid ; sepals
ovate, somewhat eoriaceous ; jjetals ol)ovale-()l)lc)ii2, not sjmtted [puiuiate
with numerous dots in speeimens, and acrordiii!! to Pursh iff Jkni], longer
than the calyx ; cai)sule ovoid, apicuhite with tin- eonieal diverging styles;
stigmas somewhat capitate. Serin <re. — " Rdz,])rudr.Jl. Srand. ; liottb. art.
Hufn. 10. j}' 44G, t. (J;" Pursh! Jl. 1. p. 312; Fi. Dan. t. 970; Don!
Saxifr. I. c. 2>- 440; Scringe, in DCprodr. 4. p. 47 ; Hook.! Jl. Bor.-Am.
I. p. 254.

fi. smaller in all its parts. Hook. I. c. — S. Clianiissoi, Sternb. rev. Saxifr.
suppl. p. 12, /. 10.

Arctic and Suharctic America, from Greenland ! and Hudson's Bay ! to
the N. W. Coast ! south to Lake Winipep, lat. 50°, ex Hook. fi. Unalasch-
ka, Chamisso ; and on iNIonnt Hooil, Doualas, ex Hook. — Flowers large,
white according to Pursli and Seringe ; yellow according to Don.

7. S. Pseudo-Burseriana (Fischer ! mss.) : ca-spitose, much branehefl from
the base; sterile branches short and crowded; leaves flat, linear-s])atulate,
raucronate, strongly ciliate, densely imbricated ; tliose of the flowering
branches numerous, scattered ; sepals nearly distinct, ovate, rather obtuse,
glabrous, shorter than oval-obovate not unguiculate somewhat 3-nerved pe-
tals ; ovary short ; styles very' short, stiginatic along the inside.

Unalasclika and Bay of St. Lawrence, Chamisso. — Stems 3-4 inches
high. Leaves 2-3 lines in length, very densely imbricated on the sterile
stems, coriaceous, obscurely l-ners^ed, glabrous. Flowers few, small. — We
know not whether any description of this species has been published: ours
is drawn from a speciinen collected in Kamtschatka. It is enumerated
among the plants of Chamisso's collection in the Linneea, 6. p. 555.

8. S. aizoides (Linn.) : stems cfcspitose, leafy ; leaves linear, more or less
^ ciliate, slightly mucronate, thick ; flowers jjaniculate, sometimes solitary' ;
sepals ovate ; petals oblong, longer tlian the calyx, yellow or orange-color,
often dotted ; stigmas depressed ; capsule rather thick, as long as tlie styles ;
seeds ovate-triqiietrous, minutely rugose. Seringe. — Smith, Engl. hot. t. 39 ;
Wahl.fl.Lapp.p.llb; Pursh ! jl. 1. p. 312; Don, Saxifr. I. c. p. 376;
Seringe! in DC. prodr. 4. p. 47; Hook.! jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 255. S.
autumnaUs, Linn. ! I. c. ; Fl. Dan. t. 72.

Arctic America! and from Greenland to Labrador! Newfoundland!
and the Island of Anticosti. Alpuie rivulets on the Rocky Mountains,
Drummond !

§ 3. Caudex perennial, leafy : leaves persistent, the margins not punctate nor
cartilaginous: jloicering stems annual, somewhat leafy: sepals united
below and coherent with the base of the ovary : cilia of the leaves articulated.—
Dactyloidcs, Tausch.

9. 6'. cfEspitosa (Linn.) : caespitose ; leaves 3-5-cleft, the uppermost linear

' and entire, glandularly pubescent ; the segments broadly linear, obtuse, not

pointed : flowering stems Avith a few scattered leaves, glandular, 1-4-flow-

ered ; tube of the calyx adherent to tlie ovary ; petals obovate, 3-nerved,

twice the length of the calyx. Hook. ! jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 244.

a. stems 2-3-flowered. ' Hook.! I. c.—S. caespitosa, Linn; Don, Saxifr.
I. c; Pursh! jl. 1. p. 312; Wahl. Jl. Lapp. p. 119. S. Gra^ilandica,
Linn. ; Seringe, in DC. prodr. 4. /;. 27.

fi. stems 1-flowered. Hook. I. r.— S. uniflor? R. Br. in Parrfs 1st voy.
suppl. p. 274. S. caespitosa, Engl. hot. t. 764 ; Seringe, I. c. S. venosa,
Haw. enum. Saxifr. p. 28.

X

566 SAXIFUAGACEjE. Saxifraga.

Arctic America ! from Greenland to Kotzebue's Sound. /?. Arctic Isl-
ands.— Flowers white, rather large.

10. S. exarata (Villars) : cscspitose ; leaves 3-5-cleft, the uppermost lin-
ear and entire, glandularly pubescent ; segments linear, rather acute ; flow-
ering stems slender, with a few scattered leaves, 3-5-flowered ; flowers
(small, white) in corymbose racemes ; tube of the calyx adherent to the
ovary ; petals obovate, 3-nerved, scarcely twice the length of the calyx.
Hook.— Vill. Dauph. 3. p- 674, t. 4; Don, I. c. ; Seringe .' in DC. prodr.
I. c. S. nervosa, Lapeyr. Saxifr. t. 39. S. pubescens, Sternb. in Linnaa,
6. p. 5561

Rocky Mountains between lat. 52° & 56°, Drummond !

11. S. sileniflora (Sternb.) : stems caespitose, sometimes producing short
stolons ; leaves in dense rosulate tufts, rigid, shining as if varnished, many-
nerved, puberulent, 3-7-cleft; the segments linear, rather acute; flowermg
stems elongated, glandularly puberulent, paniculate at the summit, 2-3-
flowered ; flowers rather large (white) ; tube of the calyx glandularly pu-
berulent, adherent to the ovary ; the segments much shorter than the obovate
3-nerved petals. — Sternb. ! in Linnaa, 6. p. 567 ; Cham. ! I. c. ; Hook. ! fi.
Bar- Am. 1. p. 245. S. hypnoides /?. condensata (in part) Seringe?

0. uniflora [Hook. \ I.e.): stems elongated, 1-flowered. — S. csespitosa /?.
uniflora. Hook. 8c Am. ! bot. Beechey,p. 123.

y. minor (Presl ! mss.) : stems very short, 2-3-flowered.

UnalaschkaandBayofEschscholtz, Chamisso! Behring's Straits, Menzies.
p. Kotzebue's Sound! y. Unalaschka, Hanke! — Flowering stems strict,
about 5 inches high, nearly naked, or with a few very small leaves ;_ the
uppermost simple, the lower ones 3-4-cleft. Seeds oblong, faintly striate,
the striffi minutely papillose.

§ 4. Caudex perennial, leafy: leaves persistent, the margins cartilaginous
and with a line of impressed dots: flowering stems annual, the leaves alter-
nate : sepals coherent at the base, adherent to the base of the ovary : fila-
ments subulate. — Aizoonia, Tausch.

12. S. Aizoon (Jacq.) : peduncles and calyx viscid with glandular hairs ;
leaves rosulate, spatulate, obtuse, with white cartilaginous teeth ; flowers
corymbose-paniculate ; segments of the calyx broad, as long as the hemi-
spherical tube ; petals obovate, contiguous, usually spotted with red or yellow
at the base ; styles divergent, longer than the calyx ; seeds ovate-triquetrous,
rugose-punctate. Seringe.— Jacq. fl. Austr. 5. t. 438 ; Pursh,fl. 1. p. 310;
Sternb. rev. Saxifr. t. 3; Don, I. c. ; Seringe! in DC. I. c. ; Hook..' fl.
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 243. Chondrosea Aizoon, Haw.

Greenland, Labrador! & Nova Scotia to the Saskatchawan, Richardson!
8(V. Also on shady moist rocks, southern shore of Lake Superior, Dr.
Pitcher ! July.— Stems 5-10 inches high. Cauline leaves few and short,
obovate. Flowers white.

13. S. serpyllifolia (Pursh) : shoots creeping ; leaves rosulate, imbricated,
' somewhat reflexed, oblong, obtuse, coriaceous, very smooth, attenuated into

a petiole ; stem filiform, few-leaved, glandularly pubescent, one-flowered ;
calyx not adherent to the ovary, the segments obtuse ; petals broadly obovate,
about 3-nerved. Hook.—Pivrsh! fl. 1. p. 310 ; Dm! Saxifr. I. c. p. 4 05 ;
DC. I. c. ; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 243. S. Fischeri, Seringe! in DC.
prodr. 4. p. 22. S. planifolia, Sternb. in Linncea, 6. p. 555, ex Cham.

N. W. Coast, at Cape Newnham, Nelson! and Behring's Straits, Men-
zies. Unalaschka and Island of St. Lawrence, Chamisso .'—'' A singular

Saxifraga. SAXIFRAGACEjE. 567

and well market! species, cvulcntly allied to S. diapensioides and S, ra;sia
wanting, however, idlogetlier the reinarkahle glaucous incrustation of ihose
species and being destitute of pores." Hook. — Flowering stems about 'J inclios
high. Flower large, apparently yellow. J'etais nnich longer llinn the
calyx, 3-6-nerved, not unguiculate. Filaments subulate filiform. Styles
very short.

§ 5. Caudcx perennial. Leaf If, commonly subterranean : leaves sometimes per-
sistent : stem {scape) annual, mostly leafless : calyx nearly free from Uie
ovary ; the sepals almost distinct, reflexed : filaments dilated upwards or
clavale. — Hydatica, Tausch.

14. S. TolmfEi : stems prostrate, diffusely brandling ; leaves spatulate,
subscssilc, coriaceous, nerveless, the margins (not cartilaginous) revolute ;
tliose of the creeping shoots scatterr-d ; those of the short flower-bearin"
branches imbricated and partly reflexed; flowering stems (i)eduiicles) nearly
naked, somewhat glandular, 1-3-flowered ; calyx deejily ])arte(l, nearly free
from tlic ovary ; the segments ovate, obtuse, shorter tlian the unguiculate
about 1-ncrved petals; filaments much inflated above; styles almost none.

North West Coast, Mr. Tolmie ! (The specimen communicated by Sir
Wm. Hooker.) — Stems branching and producing many creejjing slioots, ap-
parently forming csespitose tufts. Leaves }jersistent, 3-4 lines long, obtuse,
obscurely 1-nerved, nearly flat; the margin, especially toward tlie base,
fringed ^vith 1-3 long cilite on each side. Flowering stems about 3 iiiclics
high. Segments of the calyx 3-nerved. Petals ovate or lanceolate-oblong,
1-nerved, with one or two indistinct branches toward the apex, ajiparently
white. Filaments short : anthers roundish. Carpels often (by accident) 3
or 4. — This apparently very distinct species has the same habit witli S. srr-
pyllifolia ; but, in the structure of the flower, it accords with the section Hy-
datica, although diftereut in appearance.

15. iS. spicata (Don) : somewhat pubescent ; leaves radical, on long pe-
tioles, orbicular-cordate, coarsely and sharply serrate, the petiole dilated up-

— — 16. (S. aestivalis (Fischer) : pubescent with soft villous hairs, or nearly
' glabrous; leaves radical, on long petioles, roundish-reniform, or nearly orbi-
cular, with a deep closed sinus, membranaceous, equally and deeply dentate
with coarse and separate mostly acute and entire teeth, not margined ; scape
naked ; the peduncles and pedicels gkuidular ; bracts small, linear ; petals
oval, unguiculate, obtuse, thrice the length of the obtuse (ovate or ovate-
oblong) reflexed segments of the calyx ; a portion of the filaments often abor-
tive or petaloid ; ovaries distinct below the middle.

a. flowers in a loose panicle ; pedicels slender. — S. aestivalis, Fischer! in
herh. DC. S^ Hook., Sf ind. sem. St. Petersb. (1835) p. 37. S. foliis renifor-
mibus, &c. Gmel. fl. Sibir. 4. j). 161, t. 65, /. 1. S. punctata, Sternh.
Saxifr.p. 18, Sf suppl. p. 7, t. 4 ; Ledeb.! fl. Alt. 2. p. US ; Hook. Sf Am.
hot. Beechey, p. 114, <^ 124 ,• Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. I. p. 251 ; not of Linn.
S. gracilis, Sternh. I. c. suppl. t. 5,/. 1, fide Hook. S. argula, Don, Saxifr.
I. c. p. 356.' S. hirsuta 3. punctata, Seringe, in DC prodr. 4. p. 42.
S. semidodecandra, Wormskiold, fide Fisch. S. denudata, Nutt. .' mss.,
not of Don.

568 SAXIFRAGACE^. Saxifraga.

/?. panicle contracted into an ovate thyrsus ; pedicels rather short ; petioles
long and slender. — S. Nelsoniana, Don ! Saxifr. I, c. p. 355.

y. much smaller ; stems creeping at the base ; flowers nearly capitate.

6. panicle diffuse ; the branches 1 -flowered at the summit, bulbiferous
below ; filaments partly or sometimes almost entirely sterile and petaloid ;
the teeth or lobes of the leaves either entire or 3-toothed at the apex. —
S. heterantha, Hook. I. c. p. 252, /. 78, B.

North West Coast, from Kotzebue's Sound ! to Unalaschka ! and Sitcha !
and on the Rocky Mountains ! Also on the Blue Mountains of Oregon, Nut-
lall ! 0. & y. Kotzebue's Sound ! Rocky Mountains, between lat. 52° &
56°, Drummond! y. Moist rocks of the Oregon, Douglas, ex Hook. Nutlall!
Mr. Tohnie! — This species cannot be the original S. punctata of Linna3us
(which is perhaps S. Davurica, Willd. as Fischer suggests), and probably is
not the plant of the second edition of the Species Plantarum ; and hence we
have adopted the name long since proposed by Fischer, wlio was the first to
rectify the synonymy. The name S. arguta, Don, has the priority, if we
are correct in adducing it here ; but of this there is some doubt. To the va-
riety with compact inflorescence, we refer the S. Nelsoniana, Don, as well
from the description, as on the authority of Fischer, who has labelled the spe-
cimen in the Banksian herbarium, " S. semidodecandra, Wormskiold,'''' which
he adduces as a synonym of his S.. gestivalis. S. heterantha appears to be a
bulbiferous variety of the same species. — Flowers small : petals 1-nerved, or
occasionally with two indistinct branches. Styles very short.

17. <S. arguta (Don) : leaves roundish-reniform, incisely serrate, glabrous ;
petioles filiform ; scape slender, smooth ; segments of the calyx oblong,
acute. — Don, Saxifr. I. c. p. 356 ; Seringe, I. c. ; Hook.! fi. Bor.-Am. 1.
p. 252.

N. W. Coast, Menzies. — Panicle very simple. Flowers white, the size
of those of S. stellaris. Segments of the calyx oblong, acute. Petals oval,
unguiculate, many-nerved. Pistils very short, Don. — Probably S. aestivalis.

18. S. nudicaulis (Don) : leaves reniform, palmate, glabrous ; flowers
paniculate; segments of the calyx acute; scape naked. — Don, Saxifr. I. c.
p. 366 ; Seringe, I. c. ; Hook. I. c.

N. W. Coast, Mr. Nelson. — Scape 4-5 inches high, nearly glabrous.
Lobes of the leaves ovate, mucronate. Flowers as large as in S. rivularis,
white. Calyx and pedicels clothed with glandular hairs. Petals small,
obovate, 3-nerved, a little longer than the calyx.

19. S. Mertensiana (Bongard) : scape nearly naked ; leaves roundish, in-
cisely somewhat lobed; the lobes slightly 3-toothed ; peduncles glandularly
pubescent ; sepals ovate, rather acute ; petals ovate, acute, \vith very short
claws, 3-nerved. — Bongard, veg. Sitcha, I. c. p. 141.

Sitcha. — Leaves cordate at the base, and cuneately decurrent into the
petiole, li-2 inches broad. Scape simple, about a foot high. Flowers
panicled : pedicels filiform. Ovary ovate, about the length of the styles.
Bongard.

20. S. neglccta (Bray) : stems numerous, filiform, glabrous, nearly leaf-
less ; radical leaves on long petioles, cuneiform at the base, deeply toothed
at the apex, glabrous ; bracts linear, obtuse, minute ; sepals lanceolate-ovate ;
petals lanceolate, scarcely longer than the calyx. Seringe. — Bray, ex Sternb.
rev. Saxifr. supijl. 1. p. 9, t. 6, /. 1 ; DC. prodr. 4. p. 43 ; Cham, in Lin-
neea, 6. p. 556.

Bay of St. Lawrence, Chamisso. — Flowers small, white.

21. S. rejlcxa (Hook.) : canescently pubescent; leaves ovate, rather coria-
ceous, opaque, incisely serrate, attenuate into a petiole ; scape naked ; pani^

Saxifraga. SAXIFRAGACEiE.

569

cle glabrous, compact, corymbose ; petals obovatc, marked with two orango
spots, scarcely twice the length of tlie obtuse reflexed calyx-segments ; fila-
ments dilated or petaloid, often abortive ; ovary free. — Hook. ft. Bor.-Am. 1.
p. 249, /. 85.

Shores of the Arctic Sea between the Mackenzie and Coppermine Rivers,
Richardson. — " Togctlier with the harsh and rigid foliage of S. nivalis, tlic
present species has a panicle nir)re resembling that of S. vernalis; but the
petals have two orange spots similar to those of S. Icucanthcinifolia, and the
free calyx is at all times remarkably reflexed. Hook.

22. 5. Davurica (Willd.) : very glabrous; leaves ciincate-flabelliform,
decurrent into a petiole, dec])ly incisely toothed, entire towanls the base;
scapes leafless, loosely panicled, bracteate; bracts linear, entire; petals obo-
vate, bipunctate, nearly twice the length of the reflexed calyx-segments;
filaments often petaloid. Hook. — Willd. spec. 2. p. G45; Don, Sarifr.
I. c.p. 388; Stcrnh. rev. SaxlJ'r. suppl. t. 5,/. 2; Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. I. p.
250. S. punctata (Davurica, an punctata?) Pall. it. 3. appx. no. 91, t.
P. f. 2.

Behring's Straits, &c. Menzies, Chamisso, Capt. Beechey. Alpine rivu-
lets of the Rocky Mountains, between lat. 52° & 5G°, lyrummond ! — This
and the preceding belong to the section Hydatica, rather than to Micranlhes.
The lamina of the leaf is sometimes shorter (as in the figure of Pallas), but
often longer than the petiole, and in our specimen the ovaries are 3 or even
4 in number.

23. S. Jlobellifolia {R. Jirownl mss.) : " ovaries 3-6, superior ; leaves di-
lated-cuneiform, longer than the petiole, serrate-incised beyond the middle;
scape naked, or with a single leaf nearly similar to the radical ones; flowers
corj'mbose.

" Unalaschka, Mr. D. Nelson, [v. sp. in herb. Banks.] — Radical leaves
numerous, often rather broader than long, nearly glabrous. Scape scarcely
a span high, pubescent, somewhat woolly at the apex; the corymb scarcely
divided. Stamens 10. Petals oblong, with short claws, exceeding the gla-
brous calyx." R. Br. — The description has been obligingly communicated
by Mr. Brown. We are uncertain respecting its proper station in the genus,
but suspect it is nearly allied to the preceding species, in which we observe
3-4 ovaries.

24. S. Wolleana : leaves all radical, membranaceous (veiny) oblong, ta-
pering at the base into a short winged petiole, sinuate-toothed, ciliate ; scape
striate, viscous-pubescent above; branches of the panicle rather loosely-
flowered, from the axils of leaflike bracts ; pedicels slender ; sepals nearly
distinct, glabrous, ovate, obtuse, 3-nerved, reflexed, free from the ovary,
about the length of the oval obtuse petals; styles none.

On a mountain near Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, Mr. Wolle! (in wet
places?) — Root fibrous. Leaves 8 inches or more in length, thin and mem-
branaceous, mostly obtuse, coarsely toothed ; the teeth near the apex repand,
the others somewhat sinuate. Scape rather slender, 12-18 inches high: the
lower branches of the panicle from the axils of obovate foliaceous bracts.
Petals (small) white with a yellowish spot near the base, slightly uiiguicu-
late, obtuse at each end, with a central nerve, from near the middle of which
two indistinct lateral ones arise. Filaments shorter than the petals, usually
much dilated upwards, acute at the apex: anthers roundish, yellow. Stig-
mas minute, sessile. — This plant cannot be the S. erosa of Pursh (which is
doubtless nearly allied to S. Pennsylvanica), nor probably of Don, and
certainly not of Seringe. It has somewhat the habit of S. Pennsylvanica ;
but the flowers are those of the present section.

72

570 SAXIFRAGACE-iE. Saxifraga.

§ 6. Caudex above the ground scarcely any : stem (scape) annual, mostly leaf-
less : calyx free from the ovary ; the sepals nearly distinct, reflexed : petals
with slender claios, often unequal : filaments filiform : seeds longitudinally
striate. — Arabidia, Tausch.

i'-25. .S. stellaris (Linn.) : leaves rosulate or a little scattered, obovate-

fcuneiform, almost sessile, dentate-serrate at the apex; scape corymbose at
the summit ; calyx free, reflexed ; petals S})reading, lanceolate, all attenuate
into a claw. Koch. — Linn.! spec. 1. p. 400,- Pursh,fl.. l.p. 310; Engl,
hot. t. 167; Seringe! in DC. prodr. 4. p. 40; Hoo1c.fi. Bar. -Am. 1. p. 250;
Koch,fl. Germ. S^^Helv.p. 271.

Greenland and Labrador! Also in Canada according to Pursh : but this
is doubtful. — Peduncles filiform, ascending, a little hairy. Petals white,
with 2 yellowish spots near the base. Seeds marked with indistinct elevated
toothed strias.

26. S. foliolosa (R. Br.) : radical leaves cuneiform, slightly toothed ;
scapes divided ; the branches 1-flowered at the summit, and at their base
clothed with a cluster of minute fascicled leaves; calyx inferior, obovate;
limb of the petals cordate-lanceolate. R. Br. ! in Parrfs \st voy. suppl. p.
275; Hook.! in Parry'' s 2nd voy. suppl. p>. 13, S^'fi. Bar. -Am. 1. p. 251. S.
stellaris y. Linn.fl. Lapp, [ed. Smith) p. 144, t. 2,f. 3, ex R. Br. S. stel-
laris /?. comosa, Willd. ; Seringe in DC. I. c.

Arctic Islands, Capt. Parry! Sfc. — Seems to be distinct from S. stellaris
(which has not been found in Melville Island) by the dense clusters of little
leaves on the scapes, the flowers very few (or none), the obovate calyx,
and particularly by the lamina of the equal petals being cordate at the
base. jR. Br.

27. iS. leucanthemifolia (Lapeyr. ?): more or less viscidly pubescent;
/' leaves radical, oblong-cuneiform, attenuate into a petiole, incisely toothed ;

scape corymbose or panicled, many-flowered, the pedicels capillary; calyx
free, reflexed ; petals spreading, unequal, unguiculate ; the three larger ones
cordate-lanceolate or abrupt at the base, marked with two yellow spots ; the
two smaller lanceolate, attenuate at the base, not spotted; seeds marked
with regular crested strias.

a. villous with viscous hairs; leaves spatulate, attenuate into a long
margined petiole, coarsely and very sharply toothed ; scape more or less
leafy; paniclfe very much branched, diffuse. — S. leucanthemifolia, Michx.!
fl. l.p. 268; Pursh! fl. 1. p. 311 ; Ell. sk. l.p. 512.

/?. leaves less coarsely toothed ; scape naked. — S. leucanthemifolia. Hook. !
fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 250, Sf hot. mag. t. 2959. S. ferruginea, Graham, in
Edinh. phil. jour. July, 1828, ex Hook.

y. leaves linear-spatulate, toothed at tlie apex only ; scape nakeil.

^. leaves much shorter, incisely serrate-toothed, scarcely petioled ; scape
naked, many-flowered, smoothish. — S. stellaris /? Brunoniana, Bongard!
veg. Sitcha, p. 140. S. Nootkana, Mocino, ic. ined.? in DC.

On the mountains of North Carolina ! and Georgia (a.) June-Sept. —
P. Rocky Mountains, Oregon ! and N. W. Coast ! y. Norfolk Sound, Esch-
scholtz ! J. Sitcha, Bongard ! Norfolk Sound, Eschscholtz ! — The plant of
the mountains of N. Carolina is from 12-20 inches high, with a large very
diffuse panicle, continuing to flower through the summer : the leaves are
deeply and pectinately toothed. The Oregon plant we believe to be the
same species, but the leaves are less deeply toothed and the panicle is more
corymbose in all the specimens we have seen. It passes by several grada-
tions into our var. 6. which is scarcely different from S. foliolosa, R. Br. ; a
species which will perhaps prove to be an arctic variety of the present, rather

Saxifraga. SAXIFRAGACE;E. 671

than of S. stellaris. We have not boen able to rompare tlio Amcriran plant
with tlie European S. leucantlicinilblia (S. Clusii, Ci'ouan.), wliicli appears
from the description to be llie same.

§ 7. Caudex above the ground none : stem {scape) annual, leafless : floivers
small, glomerate or cymose : calyx adherent to the ovary at Oie base: petals
scarcely unguiculatc : filaments short, subulate. — Micrantties, Tausch.

■^ 28. S. 7iivalis (Linn.) : leaves ovate or obovatc, coriaceous, crenatc, atten-
uate into a broad petiole ; scape naked ; flowers cajiitate, sessile ; the capitu-
lum sometimes branched ; ovary half inferior ; segments of the calyx erect,
obtuse ; petals persistent, obovate, scarcely twice the lengtli of the calyx.
Hook.

a. flowers in a dense head. Hook. — S. nivalis, Linn. ! spec. I. p. 401 (excl.
syn. Gronov. .') ; Engl. hot. t. 440 ; Pursh,fl. \.p. 310 ; 7^. Br. ! in Parry's
2nd voy. suppl. p. 275 ; Scringe! in DC prodr. 4. p. 38; Hook.! fl. Bor.-
Am.l.p. 248.

0. heads loose, branched. Hook.fl. Bor.-Am. I. c.

Arctic America, from Greenland ! Labrador and Melville Island ! to Una-
laschka. Also on the Rocky Mountains (Drummond) to lat. 41°, Dr. James!
Canada, Pursh. — Hooker remarks that the American specimens often ap-
proach so closely to some of the varieties of the succeeding species that it is
difficult to distinguish them. Flowers white. Capsules deep purple.

- '29. S. Vir gini ensis {Michx.) : leaves oblong or ovate, or spatulate-obovate,
thickish but scarcely coriaceous, crenately toothed, attenuate into a broad pe-
tiole ; scape mostly naked, panieulately branched at the summit ; flowers in
dense, or at length open, cymose clusters ; calyx adhering to the base of the
ovary only ; the segments erect, obtuse, not half the length of the oblong ob-
tuse petals ; carpels (purple) united at the base only, at length divaricate. —
Michx.! fl. \.p. 269; Pursh, fl. I. p. 310 ; Don, Saxifr. I. c. p. 386; Ell.
sk. \.p. 311 ; Torr. ! fl. 1. p. 444 ; Hook.fl. Bor.-Am. \.p. 248 ; Darlingt.
fl. Cest.p. 270. S. Virginica, Pers. ; Nutt. gen. 1. p. 285. S. vernalis,
Willd.! hort. Berol. t. 43; Bigel. fl. Bast. ed. 2. p. 177; Hook.! I. c.
S. nivalis, Muhl. cat.! P. elongata, Stcrnb. Saxifr. p. 9. t. 4.

On rocks and dry hills, Canada ! to the Mountains of Georgia : west to
the Mississippi. Also on the Saskatchawan, Richardson! and along the
Oregon River, Douglas, ex Hook. April-June.— Scape 4-12 inches high,
viscous-pubescent or a little glandular. Bracts linear, the lower ones some-
times leaf-like. Petals white, sometimes, as well as the calyx-segments,
ti]iped with purple. — We perceive no essential difference between the S.
Virginicnsis & S. vernalis of Hooker. When the plant commences to flow-
er, the cymose clusters are short and dense ; but in their farther deyelope-
ment these clusters assume that form of centrifugal inflorescence which we
perceive in Penthorum sedoides and other Crassulacea;, as also in Hyperi-
cum angulosum (See p. 1C4 of this volume). We have sometimes observed
a 6-cleft calyx, 6 petals, and 12 stamens.

30. S. Pennsylvanica (Linn.) : leaves oblanceolate or oval, attenuate
/ into a short riiargined petiole, obsoletely denticulate, slightly pubes-
cent; scape naked, striate, viscous-pubescent; cymes in a large oblong
panicle, at length rather loose ; the flowers pedicellate ; segirients of the
calyx triantrular-lanceolate, recurved, scarcely as long as the linear-lanceo-
late 1-nerved petals ; the tube adherent to the base of the ovary only; stig-
mas globose, subsessile ; ovary at first depressed ; carpels at length distinct
above, divertrent.— Li?m. .' s])ec. 1. p. 399 (excl. syn. Pluk.) ; Michx. ! fl. 1.
^.269; Pursh! fl. I p. 211; Don! Saxifr. I.e. p. 384; Torr.! fl. 1. p.

672 SAXIFRAGACEiE. Saxifraga.

444 ; Bigel. ! Jl. Bost. ed. 2.j5. 177 ; Seringe! in DC. I. c. ; Hooh.fl. Bor.-
Am. \.p. 249 ; Darlingt. fl. Cest.p. 270. S. Pennsylvanica, floribus mus-
cosis &c. Dill. Ellh. t. 253, /. 328. S. sfemipubescens, Don. L c. ? Mi-
cranthes Pennsylvanica, M. hieracifolia, & M. semipubescens ? Haic. enum.
Saxifr. I. c.

a. eymes dense, the flowers at first conglomerate.

p. cymes loose, forming an open panicle.

In bogs, Canada! and Northern States! to Virginia! and Ohio. May. —
Leaves 4-8 inches long, rather membranaceous, pale green, slightly ciliate.
Scape sometimes weak, about 2 feet high, but commonly stout and at length
3-4 feet high. -Flowers small, greenish ; the petals yellowish : anthers pur-
plish-orange color.

31. (S. erosa (Pursh) : nearly glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute,
erosely-toothed ; stem naked ; panicle oblong, with divaricate loosely-
flowered branches; pedicels filiform. — Pursh, fi. 1. p. 311; Don, Saxifr.
I. c. p. 360 ?

"In stony rivulets on the high mountains of Virginia and Carolina. June
—July. — Resembles the foregoing (S. Pennsylvanica) in some respects very
much." Pursh. — We have seen a mere fragment of Pursh's plant in the
herbarium of the late Prof. Barton, and a still more imperfect specimen in
Mr. Lambert's herbarium, from which it appears that the species is much
more allied to S. Pennsylvanica than to any other ; but we greatly doubt
whether the cultivated plant described by Don, (or by Seringe in De Can-
doUe's Prodromus) is the same with that of Pursh. Hence we have retained
the original phrase of the latter author, and leave the species for farther ob-
servation.

'!■ 32. S. hieracifolia (Waldst. & Kit.) : scape strict, a little hairy ; leaves
petioled, obovate-spatulate, repandly-toothed, ciliate, coriaceous ; flowers
spicate, subsessile ; lobes of the calyx ovate, broad, as long as the tube ;
petals ovate (reddish), marcescent, scarcely as long as the calyx ; filaments
purple ; capsules prominent, purple ; carpels divaricate at the apex ; styles
very short ; stigmas somewhat hemispherical. Seringe. — " Waldst. S^' Kit.
fl. rar. Hung. 1. p. 17, <.18"; Stcrnb. rev. Saxifr. p. 9, Sf suppl. p. 5 ,- Don,
Saxifr. I.' c. p. 383; Seringe, in DC. prodr. 4. p. 38. S. plantaginifolia,
HooJc. ! in Parrfs 2nd voy. supj)l. p. 394.

Arctic America, from Greenland and the Arctic Islands ! to Kotzebue's
Sound ! and the Bay of Eschscholtz. — It appears, as Hooker remarks, ex-
actly intermediate between S. Pennsylvanica and S. nivalis, more allied,
however, to the former.

33. iS. integrifoUa (Hook.) : very viscidly pubescent throughout ; leaves
all radical, ovate, very obtuse, entire, or very slightly sinuate-crenate, some-
what membranaceous (copiously retictilately veined) ; scape elongated,
naked, paniculate at the apex ; panicle loose, broad or contracted, bracteate ;
petals obovate, twice the length of the glabrous spreading or at length re-
flexed segments of the calyx ; stamens short ; ovary free ; styles widely
divergent. Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 249, /. 86.

Near the mouth of the Oregon River, i)/-. 6Vo«?e?-/ Mr. Tolmie! Nuttall!
— Caudex somewhat woody. Leaves short in proportion to the height of the
plant. Scape 6-12 inches high, quite leafless. Primary branches of the
panicle elongated, naked; the cymules either compact or quite loose. — Our
specimens all differ from the above specific character, as copied from Hook-
er, in the quite veinless leaves : in this and every other respect they fully
accord with his excellent figure ; whence we conclude that the phrase " copi'
ose reticulatim venosis,^^ was introduced by mistake.

Saxifraga. SAXIFRAGACEiE. 573

§ 8. CaudcT above the ground none : stem annual, Irafy : bracts at the base
of the pedicels often geminate : calyx free, or adherent to the base of the
ovary : the sepals erect or spreading : filaments subulate. — Nephrophyl-
lum, Gaud. ; Koch.

, 34. S. cernua (Linn.): nearly £jlal)roiis, not cliitinnus; stem wr.-ik, siiii])le
or branchinii ; lower leaves renil'orni, broadly t(K)tlied or loheil ; llie uj)per
ones bearinjf little bulbs in tbeir axils; flowers often solitary, terminal, pen-
dulous; sepals oblong-lanceolate, nearly distinct ; petals obovate-oblonc, or
obovate and retuse, longer tban ibe calyx; styles iniperfect, deformed.
Seringe. — Linn.! spec. 1. p. 403, S^' Jl. Lajrp. t. 2, /. 4 ; Engl. bot. I. (JG4 ;
Wahl.ji. Lapp. 21. 116 ; Don, Saxifr. I. c. p. 3G4 ; Seringe .' in DC. prodr.
A. p. 2ij ; R. Br.! in Parry's 1st toy. suppl. ji- 275 ; Hook! Jl. Bor.-Am. 1.
p. 245, cV bot. Becchcy, p. 124. (excl. (i.)

Islands and shores of the Arctic Sea! from Greenland to Behring's Straits;
and on the Kocky Mountains, {Drunimond). — Flowers white.

35. S. Sibirica (Linn.) : stem filiform, ascending, weak ; radical leaves
reniform, palmately 7-lobed, petiolate, a little hairy, the lobes ovate ; those
of the stern sessile ; peduncles elongated, naked ; segments of the calyx
linear-ovate, striate, glabrous ; petals cuneiform-obovate ; styles shorter than
the ovary. Seringe. — Linn. spec. {ed. 2) p. 577 ; Sternb. rev. Saxifr. t. 25;
Don, Saxifr. I. c. p. 365 ; Seringe, in DC. I. c. S. cernua fi. mulliflora,
Hook. S^' Am. ! bot. Beechey, p. 124, ex Am. mss.

Labrador & Newfoundland, Pursh. Kotzebue's Sound, Capt. Beechey !
— Flowers white.

36. S. elcgans (Nutt. ! mss.) : " annual, glabrous ; stem erect, with
numerous slender branches, leafy ; leaves (small) ovate or oval, 2-3-toothed ;
the lowermost roundish, on short petioles ; the upper ones acute at the base,
.tjcarcely pctioled; flowers paniculate, numerous; the peduncles slender,
divaricate, naked ; tube of the calyx about the length of the lanceolate-ovate
segments, coherent with the base of tlie ovary ; petals oblong (white with
delicate red veins), sessile, more than twice the length of the calyx-segments ;
styles shorter than tlie ovary ; seeds striate with scabrous ridges.

" On moist rocks by springs, on the banks of the Oregon below and near
the Wahlamet, abundant. June-July. — A very elegant and distinct species,
the stem about a span high, often branching nearly from the base, with
numerous [rather small] flowers; the pedicels often nearly an inch long."
Nuttall. — The leaves are only 3-4 lines in length ; and tube of the calyx is
in flower almost free from the ovaries, but is adherent when the fruit
ripens.

37. S. exilis (Stephan) : caespitose ; rootlets capillary ; radical leaves
palmately 5-lobed, peiioled ; cauline ones linear, entire ; petals obovate-
oblong, much longer than the 5-cleft calyx. Seringe. — Stephan, in Sternb.
rev. Saxifr. suppl. p. 8, t. 3, /. 1 ; DC. I. c. ; Chamisso, in Linntea, 6.
p. 556.

Island of St. LawTence, Behring's Straits, &c. Chamisso. Kotzebue's
Sound, Fischer (in DC.)— Stem weak, 1-2-flowered. Petals w^hite. Seringe.
— Hooker asks if this may not be a state of S. cernua.

38. S. Laurentiana (Seringe): stems numerous, from one root; radical
leaves on long petioles, reniform, crenately 5-7-lobed, reiiculately veiiied,
glabrous ; flowering stems and peduncles clothed with long intricate hairs ;
flowers few, somewhat capitate ; bracts somewhat involucrate, 3-5-lobed ;

574 SAXTFRAGACEtE. Saxifraga.

segments of the calyx ovate, obtuse, shorter than the petals ; petals 3-nerved
towards the middle. Seringe, in DC. inodr. 4. ji. 35. S. Chamissonis,
Sternb. inecl.
Island of St. Lawrence, Chamisso.

/-39. 5^. rivularis (Linn.) : small ; stems weak, ascending, 3-5-flowered ;
radical leaves somewhat reniform, crenately lobed, with the petioles dilated
at the base ; the cauline ones lanceolate, nearly entire ; lobes of the calyx
ovate, broad, as long as the tube or at length shorter ; petals ovate, scarcely
longer than the calyx ; stigmas depressed-globose ; capsule thick, much
exceeding the calyx, crowned with the very short divergent styles. Seringe.
— Linn. ! spec. 1. p. 404, &fji. Lapp. t. 2, /. 1 ,• Engl. lot. t. 2275 ,• Pursh!
fl. 1. p. 312 ,- Wahl. fl. Lajjp.p. 117 ,- Don, Saxifr. I. c. p. 367 ; Seringe!
in DC. prodr. 4. j). 36 ; Hook. ! I. c.

p. hyperborea (Hook. 1. c.) : stem pubescent, 1-2-flowered. — S.hyperborea,
R. Br. ! in Parry'' s Istvoy. supj)l. f. 274 ; DC. I. c.

Arctic America from Greenland and Labrador! to Kotzebue's Sound!
Also in the Rocky Mountains, Drummond ! and on the White Mountains of
New Hampshire, Mr. Oakes ! P. Melville Island, CajH. Parry ! — Stems
about 2 inches high. Flowers white, bracteate.

40. )S. Cymbalaria (Linn. ?) : stems numerous, weak, few-flowered,
pubescent and glandular above ; leaves reniform, petioled, crenately lobed ;
flowers about 3 ; bracts half the length of the pedicels ; sepals oblong ;
petals obovate, much longer than the calyx ; styles approximate at the base,
diverging at the summit. Seringe, in DC. prodr. A. p. 44.

Chamisso's Island, and the Island of St. Lawrence, Chamisso, ex Sternb.
{Linncea, 6. p. 555.) — This is probably the same with the Siberian plant, of
which we have specimens from the Russian botanists ; but it can hardly be
the S. Cymbalaria of Don (or of Linnseus ?), a Grecian plant, which is said
to have " Flores parvi, aurei, petalis acutis."

41. S. petreea (Linn.) : annual, glandularly hairy ; leaves fleshy, 3-lobed ;
the radical ones cordate, on rather long petioles, with the lobes incised ;
cauline ones somewhat cuneiform ; the uppermost entire ; peduncles and
calyx hispid with glandular hairs ; segments of the calyx oblong, erect ;
petals obovate, retuse. Hook. — Linn. spec. {ed. 2) j^- 578 ; Jacq. ic. rar.
1. t. 81 ; Don, Saxifr. I. c. p. 443 ; Hook. ! bot. mag. t. 3026, S^ fl. Bor.-
Am. 1. p. 245. S. rupestris, Willd. spec. 2. p. 653. S. Ponas, Sternb. rev.
Saxifr. p. 47, t. IS, S^- 1. 11, f. 6.

Alpine rivulets upon the Rocky Mountains, Drumnwnd ! in Hook.

§ 9. Caudex above the ground none : stem annual, more or less leafy : calyx
campanulate, coherent with the base of the ovary ; the segments spreading :
stamens mostly 5. — Isomeria.

42. >§. Jamesii (Torr.) : glandularly puberulent ; radical leaves on rather
long petioles, reniform-cordate, smoothish, obscurely veined, crenately toathed
or lobed ; cauline ones very few, the uppermost bract-like, cuneiforna ;
raceme compound ; calyx (and pedicels) glandular, purplish ; the tube
campanulate, cohering at the base with the ovary ; the segments triangular-
ovate, rather acute, about the length of the unguiculate orbicular or spatulate
petals ; stamens 10. — Torr..' in ann. lye. New York, 2. p. 204 ; Hook. ! fl.
Bor.-Am. 1.^.204, t. 84.

Dry rocky places on the Rocky Mountains in lat. 41°, Dr. James! and
farther north in the same range, Drummond' ! — Rhizoma thick. Stem 2-4
inches high, 5-10-flowered ; the branches of the paniculate raceme subtended

Saxifraga. SAXIFRAGACE;E. 575

by leafy bracts. Flowers larjjo. Petals purplisli. Filaments scarcely lonpcr
than tlie oblor)<T anthers. — The (brm ami si/e of tlie petals seem to be (piitc
variable in this species. In the specimens eoUected bv Dr. .lames iIkv ;ire
orbicular wiiJi very slender daws, as oriyinally descrilM-d, at first a litilo
longer than the calyx-segments, but at lenuth coiisideral>ly exserled. As
described and figured by Hooker from Drummoiid's sjK'cimens, tiiey are
small, sj)atulato and acute. In our specimen, coUectcd l)v Drummond, the
petals are not uniform in shape, but are more commonly obtuse.

43. S. Richardsonii (Hook.) : stem glandidar, pubescent near the summit ;
leaves on long petioles, orbicular-cordate, crenately lobed, veiny, the margins
and veins beneath beset with pedicellate glands; racemf- com|)ound, s^nne-
what spicate ; tlie peilicels and lanceolate bracts glanilular ; petals obovate-
elliptical, with short claws, nerved, very acute, nearly twice the length of
the acuminate segments of tiic calyx; stamens 5. Hook.! fl. Bor.-Ain. 1.
p. 247. S. Nelsoniana, Hook. UfArn.! bol. Beccltey, j). 124, /. 29, not of
Don.

Arctic Sea-shore, near Mackenzie River, Dr. Richardson. Koiy.ebue's
Sound, Capt. Becchey I — A robust and handsome species, often a foot high.
The flowers are large and apparently white.

44. (S. data (Nutt. mss.) : "more or less hirsute with long brownish hairs;
stem leafy, simi)le, tall and erect, smooth and cymosely branched above ;
the branches slender; leaves cordate, roundish, 5-7-lobed, acutely and in-
cisely serrate, petioled, with tufts of long ciiatfy hairs in tlie axils; pedun-
cles bracteate, viscid ; segments of the calyx lanceolate, acute, scarcely half
the length of the cuneate-oblong obtuse petals ; stamens 5.

" In wet places near Chenook Point at the estuary of the Oregon, rare.
June. — A very remarkable robust species, 12-18 inches high, with acutely
lobed many-cleft veiny leaves, similar to some species of Ranunculus ; the
incised and unequal small serratures usually terminated by short, hairs. The
slender axillary flower-branches arise near the summit of the stem, and
tenninate in loose few-flowered cymes of small white pedicellate flowers.
Styles 2, rather short : about half of the ovary free." Nultall. — We have
not seen this species.

45. S. ranunculifolia (Hook.) : somewhat glandularly pubescent, slender;
lower leaves on very long petioles, reniform, .3-parted, the segments broadly
cuneiform and incisely lobed ; those of the stem few ; flowers corymbose,
pentandrous ; petals obovate, twice the length of the glandular acute seg-
ments of the calyx. Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. l.p. 246, t. 83.

Common on the high grounds around the Kettle Falls of the Oregon, and
on the Rocky Mountains, Douglas — Stem nearly a foot high, slender.
Petioles of the radical leaves bulbiferous at the base. Corymb compact.
Flowers white, as large as in S. stellaris. Hook. — This species is only known
to us through the figure and description of Hooker. Possibly a species of
Boykinia ; but it cannot be our B. occidentalis.

46. S. ? Sullivantii : somewhat glandular ; stems or scapes declined,
slender, 1-2-leaved ; radical leaves reniform-orbicular, incisely dentate with
numerous broadly ovate teeth, and slightly lobed, nearly glabrous, veiny, on
long petioles ; cauline leaf similar but smaller, or the upper one nearly
sessile and bract-like ; flowers paniculate-cymose ; calyx glabrous, coherent
only with the base of the ovary ; the segments ovate, rather f)btuse, scarcely
half the length of the oval-spatulate distinctly unguiculate slightly acute
petals ; stamens 5, shorter than the calyx.

Limestone clitTs, Highland County, Ohio, Mr. Wm. S. SuIIivanl ! May-
June.— Stems weak, diffuse or decumbent, about 6 inches in length. Radical
leaves 2 inches or more in widtli, reticulately radiate-veined, llie sinus at

676 SAXIFRAGACEiE. Bovkinia.

the base often narrow : petioles 3-4 inches long, with a few scattered glandu-
lar hairs. Bracts (small, foliaceous), peduncles, and short pedicels, as well
as the upper part of the stem, glandular-pubescent. Flowers smaller than
in S. Virginiensis, white. Ovary 2-celled ; the carpels united nearly to the
summit, free from the campanulate calyx except at the very base : styles
short : stigmas minute. — We have not seen the fruit of this interesting
plant, which its zealous discoverer obtained in flower only. It must doubt-
less rank among the anomalous pentandrous species of Saxifraga, but it is
very different from any other described. It has manifest points of resem-
blance to Heuchera; but the ovary is perfectly 2-celled, with a central
placenta; the petals conspicuous, &c.

S. petiolaris (R. Brown.) — This species is indicated, although we believe not
described, in Ross' \st voy. {ed. 2) 2. p. 192, a work which we regret is not at
present accessible to us. It is again mentioned in the supplement to Parry's Voy-
age under S. hyperborea (which Hooker unites to S. rivularis), where it is said to
be distinguished from both these species " by all the leaves being dotted with sub-
sessile glands, the radical ones equalling or exceeding the scape, the floral leaf
lobed; the petals 3-nerved."— Dr. Richardson {appx. Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. 14)
takes notice of a specimen collected on the Arctic sea-shore, which was thought to
belong to S. rivularis, but which he supposes may be the S. petiolaris, chiefly on
account of the tripli-nerved petals. Neither of these plants is, we believe, taken
up by Hooker.

S. nutans, Don {Saxifr. I. c.p, 368), is RomanzoviaUualaschcensis! (v. sp. in
herh. Banks.)

S. androsacea, Linn., is given by Pursh as a native of the North West Coast,
on the authority of a specimen in the Banksian herbarium. The figure of Jacquin
being cited with a mark of doubt, and as Mr. Don does not notice the plant, it
belongs probably to some different species.

S. spathulata 0. ? arctica, Seringe (Antiphylla, Haw.) from Melville Island,
wo are unable to identify.

3. BOYKINIA. Nutt. in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 113.

Calyx turbinate, at length urceolate, coherent with the ovary ; the limb
spreading, 5-cleft ; segments triangular, acute, valvate in estivation. Petals
entire, longer than the lobes of the calyx, deciduous. Stamens 5, inserted in
the throat of the calyx, shorter than its segments : anthers 2-celled. Styles
2-3, short : stigmas simple. Capsule invested with the coherent urceolate
calyx-tube, 2-3-celled, with a central many-seeded placenta, 2-beaked, de-
hiscent between the beaks. Seeds horizontal, ovoid, glabrous (minutely
marked with elevated dots under a strong lens).— Perennial herbs, with leafy
stems. Leaves alternate, palmately veined and lobed, incisely toothed ; the
teeth mucronate : petioles scarcely stipuliform at the base. Flowers small,
in corymbose cymes.

Intermediate between Saxifraga and Heuchera, as Nuttall remarks, but more
nearly allied to the former ; which has a few pentandrous species. The genus is
dedicated to Dr. Boykin, of Georgia ; whose name frequently occurs as a contnbu-
tor to this work.

1. B. aconitifolia (Nutt.) : glandular ; leaves somewhat glabrous, dilated
and somewhat'truncate at the base, deeply 5-7-lobed ; cyme viscid, fastigi-
ate, the flowers secund ; teeth of the calyx broadly triangular.— iVw«. .' I. c.

Heuchera. SAXIFRAGACE^. 577

Moiinfains of North Carolina, Mr. Kinn (in herb. Muhl.!) Mr. Curtis!
June-July. — Sttm rather stout, 1-J ft-el IukIi. Leaves somewhat like those
of Aconiium Napellus ; the lower ones on loiifj petioles; the u|)periii()st
nearly sessile. Cyme many-flowered ; the hranches somewliat racemose.
Calyx coherent nearly to the summit of the (»vary ; the limb at first spread-
ing; the teeth short, 3-nerved, somewhat acuminate. Petals (often none ?)
spatulate-ohovate, sessile, longer than the calyx, white. Capsule mostly
2-celled : placenta thick, very many-seeded.

2. B. nccidentalis : nearly glabrous ; leaves roundish-cordate, incisely some-
what 5-lobed and toothed ; cyme loose, pubescent and slightly glandular ;
teeth of the calyx triani;ular-lanceolate.

Oregon, Douglas! (1635) — Stem very slender, 1-2 feet high. Lower
leaves li inch in diameter, with very short lobes, on long slender petioles.
Cyme somewhat paniculate ; the peduncles rather few-flowered. Petals
very caducous, white. — Saxifraga ranuiiculifolia is perhaps a third species of
this genus.

4. HEUCHERA. Linn.; Gcertn. fr. t. 177; R.Br, in Richards, appi.
FranU. joum. cd. 2. p. 52, t. 29.

Calyx campanulatc, coherent with the ovary below, 5-cleft (sometimes
unequal); the segments obtuse, imbricate in a;stivation. Petals 5, small,
entire. Stamens 5, inserted alternately with the petals into the throat of the
calyx : filaments exserted or included : anthers 2-celled. Styles 2. Capsule
1-celled, with 2 parietal adnate placenta;, many-seeded, 2-beaked, dehiscent
between the beaks. Seeds horizontal, oval, minutely muricale or bisjjid. —
Perennial mostly acaulescent herbs. Radical leaves numerous, on long pe-
tioles, palmalely-veined, roundish-cordate, lobed and crenate or incised ; the
cauline ones, when present, alternate. Stipules adnate with the base of the
petiole, free at the apex. Scapes mostly panicled ; the peduncles cymosely
dichotomous, commoniy glandular.

§ 1. Filaments and styles filiform, much exserted : calyx short, equal, obconic
or campanulate ; the lobes spreading : petals mostly persistent, at length
ofttn revolute or twisted: panicles effuse. — Euhedchera.

'■" 1. H. Americana (Linn.) : scabrous-puberulent and somewhat viscid ;
scape mostly naked ; leaves roundish-cordate, somewhat 7-9-lobed ; the
lobes very short and rounded, dentate-crenate with short and broad mucron-
ate teeth, ciliate ; panicle elongated, loose, many-flowered ; the pedicels
divaricate ; bracts linear or subulate ; petals spatulate, somewhat une(|ual,
about the length of the calyx-segments; stamens (at first unecjual) at length
mufh exserted; anthers orange-color. — Linn. spec. 1. p. 226; Willd. !
spec. 1. p. 1328 ; Ell. ! sk. I. p. 337 ; Torr. ! fi.l.p. 280 ; DC. ! prodr. 4.
p. 51 ; Darlin^rt. fl. Cest. p. 175. H. Cortusa, Michx. ! fl. 1. p. 171.
H. viscida, Pursh ! fl. I. p. 187. H. glauca, Raf. med. flora, \.p. 244 /

Woodlands and rocky places, Connecticut, Southern part of New York !
and Pennsylvania! to Alabama, and Missouri, Dr. James! May-June. —
Root astringent, as in all tlie other species. Leaves 1-4 inches in width,
slightly hispid with appressed hairs above, pubescent on the veins beneath,
membranaceous : petioles elongated. Scape 2-4 feet high, rarely with one

73

678 SAXIFRAGACE^. Heuchera.

or two small leaves ; the panicle a foot or more in length. Calyx short, pul-
verulent-glandular. Petals purplish or white, about 3-nerved, small. —
Jilum-root.

2. H. caulcscens (Pursh) : scape about 2-leaved or often naked, nearly
glabrous ; the base and the elongated petioles a little villous with deflexed
rusty hairs ; leaves cordate, sharply 5-7-lobed, glabrous (except the veins
beneath) ; the lobes acute, acutely and unequally toothed, hispidly ciliate ;
panicle slender, loose ; the peduncles many-flowered ; bracts linear or sub-
ulate ; petals linear-spatulate, narrow, about the length of the exserted sta-
mens.— Pursh! Jl. 1. p. 188; DC. I.e. H. aceritblia, Raf. med. flora,
no. 49,2}- 241.

/5. scape and petioles glabrous ; radical leaves slightly lobed ; cauline ones
2 from the same point ; branches of the peduncles racemosely elongated,
divaricate, many-flowered.

On the high mountains of Carolina, Lyon, ex Pursh! Table Mountain, N.
Carolina, Curtis! Kentucky, Tennessee, &c. Rafinesque. p. Buncombe, N.
Carolina, Curtis! May-June. — Leaves more deeply and sharply lobed
than any other species of the United States (resembling some species of Ma-
ple) ; the lobes somewhat ovate, acute, divaricate ; the teeth mucronate.
Peduncles minutely glandular. Flowers about the size of H. Americana :
calyx short, a little hairy. Petals nearly thrice the length of the calyx-seg-
ments, white. — The specimens from Karatschatka (in herb. Lamh. !) which
Pursh wrongly refers to the present species, belong doubtless to H. ghibra,
Willd. The name of H. caulescens is not well chosen : it was probably
intended to apply in part to the Kamtschatka plant, as the scape in Pursh's
own American specimen is leafless.

-"■"S. H. villosa (Michx.) : scape 1-3-leaved or nearly naked, the lower por-
tion and the stout petioles very villous with rusty deflexed hairs; radical
leaves (large) roundish-cordate, membranaceous, glabrous above, villous on
the veins beneath, somewhat 7-9-lobed ; the lobes short, acute, somewhat
incised, crenate with mucronate teeth, ciliate ; panicle loose ; peduncles fili-
form, many-flowered ; bracts laciniate or cleft at the apex, ciliate ; flowers
very small ; petals linear-spatulate and extremely narrow, unguiculate,
about the length of the exserted stamens. — Michx. ! ft. l.p. 172 ,- Pursh! fl. 1.
p. 188 ,• DC. ). c. ; HooJc.fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 236. H. squamosa (& fohosa!),
Raf. med. flora, I. c. H. parviflora, Bartl. ind. scm. Gcett. 1838.

Mountains of Maryland ! Virginia ! and N. Carolina, to the Cliffs of Ken-
tucky River, Dr. Short! Also Canada, Mr. Goldie, ex Hook. July. — A
large and well-marked species; the radical leaves sometimes 8 inches in di-
ameter, on long oiout petioles ; the mucronate tips of the teeth attenuate into
a bristle. Scape stout, with 2-3 small leaves, or with squamaceous bracts
(stipules) in their stead, tipped with a minute foliaceous lamina. Peduncles
and calyx more or less hairy, but not viscid. Petals almost like the fila-
m.ents, white.

4. H. glahra (Willd.) : scape 1-3-leaved, or rarely almost naked; leaves
roundish-cordate, acutely 5-7-lobed, incisely toothed, and, with the petioles
and scape, glabrous; the radical ones on long petioles; those of the stem
more deeply and sharply lobed, somewhat incised, on short petioles ; branches
of the panicle loose, divaricate ; lowermost bracts often leaf-hke, the upper
ones linear, mucronate, entire or incised; limb of the petals lanceolate-ovate,
about the length of the claws, nearly equalling the exserted stamens. —
Willd.! in Futm. c^ Schult. syst. 6. p. 216; DC. prodr. A. p. 52; Hook.!
fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 236, t. 79. H. divaricata, Fisch.! in DC. prodr. I. c. ;
Bovgard, veg. Sitcha, I. c. p. 139. Tiarella colorans, Graham, in Edinb.
phil. jour, ex Hook.

Heuchera. SAXIFRAGACE^. 579

N. W. Coast (Pallas!) from Silcha and other islands to Fort Vancouver,
Dr. Scouler ! Douislas. Norliilk Sound, Esclisrlioltz! ]VIi)unt Kaiiicr, Mr.
Tolmic! and on the Rocky IMounlains in lal. 54 "\ DrummontI, ex Honk. —
Rliizoma cloniralt'd, protunihent, sraly- S(.a])cs slcndor, l'J-18 inches liigh,
erect or apparemly sonictinifs recHnctl. Teeth nf tlie leaves, esiiecially tlic
cauline ones, sliarjjly inucronate. Pedunch-s ami filif()rin pedicels pubcru-
lent and a httie sjlandiilar. Calyx pubescent willi appressed hairs ; tlie teeth
short, railu'r obtuse. Flowers scarcely larger tiiati in II. inierantha. Petals
small. Styles at length much exserted. Seeds oblong or oval, minutely
hispid in lines.

-f" 5. H. micranfha (Douel.) : scape nearly naked, the lower portion and tlie
petioles very villous with long s|)reading reddish iiairs; leaves roundish-cor-
date, slightly and obtusely lobed, mucronately crenate; panicle hxise, vir-
gate; the bracts of the lower branches leaf-like, the uppermost setaceous;
petals sjialulate-lanceolate, with (iliforin claws, nearly the lengtli of the much
exserted staniens. — Dousl. ! in hot. rcg. I. 1302 ; DC! prodr. 4. appr. p.
667; Hook.!fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 236. H. Barbarossa, Presl! ret. Htenk.
2. p. 56. H. longipetala, Morinn, ic. ined. ex DC?

p. more glabrous ; petioles and base of the scape pilose with very scat-
tered hairs.

Rocky banks of the Oregon River ^c, Dr. Scouler ! Doufflas ! Nfwtka,
H(i'?ike ! (v. sp. in herb. imp. Vindob.) 0. Rocks of the Oregon, near the
mouth of the Wahlamet, NultalL ! June.

§ 2. Filaments and styles suhulate-fdiform, included or at length scarcely
exserted: calyx campanulate, with the lobes erect; the throat nsually more
or less oblique : petals persistent : JUnvers large : panicles contracted or
thyrsoid. — Heruchea.

-^''*6. H. jmbescens (Pursli) : scape naked, minutely pulverulent-pubescent
'and scabrous, the lower portion, with the leaves and petioles, nearly gla-
brous ; leaves orbicular, cordate, obtusely 5-7-lobed ; the lobes short and
rounded, crenulale with very short and broad obtuse slightly mucro-
nate teeth, hispidly-ciliate ; panicle somewhat thyrsoid, with few-flowered
contracted branches; bracts linear-setaceous; petals spatulate, scarcely
unguiculate, veiny (violet-purple), longer than the includeil stamens, about
the length of the somewhat unequal segments of the calyx ; styles filiform,
at length slightly exserted.— Pwrs/i / ^/. 1. p. 187; DC. prodr. A. p. 52.
H. grandiflora, liaf. ! mss. H. jjulveruleiita, Raf. wed. flora, 1. p. 244.

Blue Mountains of Pennsvlvariia and Virginia, Pursh ! Valleys in the
mountains of Virginia. ProJ\ Dniibcni/ ! Alleghanies of Maryland, Rafm-
esque ! and " on the hills bordering the Mud-licks, Bath, Kentucky," Dr.
Short ! May-June. — Leaves 2-3 inches in diameter, quite glabrous on both
surfaces or a little pubescent beneath: petioles rather short. Scape 8-16
inches high, slender. Bracts entire or laciniate-fimbriate. Flowers about 5
lines in length. Calvx-segments greenish-while ; two of them narrower.
Petals minutely erose and undulate on the margins.— The natne imposed by
Pursh is not appropriate, as this is usually perhaps the most glabrous species
in the United States.

' • 7. H. hispida (Pursh) : scape mostly 1-2-leaved, glabrous; radical kaves
roundish-cordate, rather obtusely 5-7-lobed, crenate with very broad and
short almost retuse mucronate teeth, hispidly ciliate; the ujiper surface
hispid ; the lower, with the petioles, glabrous ; branches of the panicle few-
flowered ; petals broadly obovate-spatulate, unguiculate, veiuy (violet-purple),

580 SAXIFRAGACEiE. Heuchera.

somewhat longer than the nearly equal calyx-segments, a little shorter than
the slightly exserted stamens ; styles filiform, at length exserted. — Piirsh !
fl. 1. p. 188 ; DC. I. c. H. reniformis, Raf. med. flora, I. c. ?

High mountains of Virginia and N. Carolina, Pursh ! May-June. —
Resembles the preceding species ; but the flowers are rather smaller.
Calyx-segments short, obtuse. Limb of the petals undulate towards the
apex, very broadly spatulate or somewhat rhomboid. — We are not aware
that this species has been collected by any botanist except Pursh, (one of
whose specimens is preserved in the herbarium of the late Prof. Barton, and
another very poor one in that of Mr. Lambert), and perhaps Rafinesque.

8. H. Richardsonii (R. Brown) : scape naked, hairy and scabrous; leaves
roundish-cordate, with a deep sinus, somewhat 7-lobed, incised and crenate,
ciliate, nearly glabrous above ; the veins beneath and petioles hairy ; panicle
thyrsoid or racemiform, narrow; bracts lanceolate, laciniate-fimbriate ; limb
of the calyx unequal, oblique ; petals cuneate-obovate or sjiatulafe, ciliolate,
scarcely exceeding the calyx-segments, nearly tlie length of the stamens ;
styles filiform-subulate, included. — R. Br. ! in Richards, appx. Frankl.
journ. p. 53, t. 29 ,• DC. I. c. ; Torr. ! in ann. lye. New York, 2. p. 204 ;
Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. \. p. 237.

Rocky banks of rivers, from lat. 54° to 64°, Richardson ! and west to the
Rocky Mountains, Drummond ! Also on the prairies of the Missouri, Dr.
James ! — Lobes of the leaves short and obtuse ; the obtuse teeth mucronate
with a short bristle. Scape 12-18 inches high. Flowers greenish, larger
than in H. pubescens. Petals somewhat unequal. — In the beautiful figure
cited above, the styles are wrongly represented as united below, the bracts
are not well given, and the plant is represented as perfectly glabrous.
The specimens of Drummond and those of Dr. James are precisely tdike,
but have the scape and petioles quite hirsute.

§ 3. Filaments and styles very short, subulate, included : calyx campanulate ;
the lobes erect arid someivhat unequal : petals minute and often fugacious,
or none : flowers usually large, glomerate or spicate. — Holochloa,
Nutt. mss.

9. H. cylindrica (Dough): scape elongated, wholly naked; the lower
portion, with the petioles and veins of the leaves beneath, very villous
or hirsute with spreading fulvous hairs ; leaves roundish-cordate, glabrous
above, 5-7-lobed ; the lobes obtuse, crenate with mucronate teeth ; panicle
spicate, cylindrical ; bracts scarious, laciniate-fimbriate ; petals minute or
none ; stamens shorter than the rather unequal segments of the calyx ;
styles short. — Dougl. in Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 237 ; Litidl. hot. reg. t.-
1924. Holochloa elata & cylindrica, Nutt. ! mss.

Oregon, on woody hills and the steep banks of streams, Douglas, Nut-
tall ! May-June. — Leaves small ; the crenatures mucronate with a very
short bristle ; the margin very minutely hispidly ciliate. Scape 2-3 feet
high, very glandular above. Flowers rather smaller than in H. Richard-
sonii, on very short pedicels, forming a compact slightly compound spike
3-4 inches long. Bracts lanceolate, the margin ciliate or laciniately fringed.
Calyx glandular and scabrous, cleft to the middle. Petals mere fihform
rudiments, or none. We find commonly one very small spatulate petal,
with glandular inargins, like those of H. Richardsonii but much smaller, and
one or two minute rudiments. The seeds are hispid, as in other species of
the genus. — Mr. Nultall proposes to separate this and the allied species as a
distinct genus, but their close relationship with both H. Richardsonii and the
succeeding section, forbids their separation except as a division or subgenus.

Heuchera. SAXIFRAGACEiE. 581

10. H. glabella : " slightly pulverulent-pubescent, destitute of liirsute
hairs; sra])e naked, the flowers in a conglomerate spike; leaves wttnewliat
elliptical-cordate, obtuse, slii^Iitly lobed and very oliliiscly crenate, minutely
hirsiite-ciliale, the tectli a])iculate." JSult. — ilolocliloa glabra, ISull. viss.;
not Heuchera jrlabra, Willd.

Rocky Mountains towards Oreijon ; in rocky places. — Allied apparently
to Heuchera cylindrica, but without hirsute hairs; liie jjlant almost fjlabrous;
the leaves longer than broad, somcwlial truncate at the base, with a small
sinus, the crcnatures apiculate with hairs." iSuttall. — We have not seen
this species ; it is apparently more allied to the following.

11. H. ovalifolia (Nutt. ! mss. under Holochloa) : " minutely and some-
what glandularly pubescent throughout; scapes naked, slender; leaves
roundisli-oval, not cordate, often slightly cuneiform at the base, doubly
crenate or crenately incised ; flowers few, in a nearly simi)le spike ; petals
none ; segments of the calyx ovate, the two upjier longer."

Blue Mountains, Oregon, on rocks, jXuttaU ! — Scjmewhat ca?spitose. Scapes
about a span high ; the plant wholly destitute of villous liairs. Leaves
about an inch in length, crenately incised and crenate, the teeth very obtuse
and often slightly apiculate, minutely viscid-pubescent on botli sides. — We
have only seen it in fruit.

-A- 12. H. bracteata (Seringe): small, nearly glabrous ; scape leafless; leaves
forming a radical cluster, roundish-subcordate, incisely lobed, glabrous ; the
lobes short, crenately-toothed, subciliate; the teeth setaceously mucronate ;
panicle glomerate ; bracts lanceolate ; flowers small ; petals linear-spatulate,
very narrow, and, with the stamens, about the length of slightly une(|ual
erect se<Tments of the calyx ; styles subulate-filiform, somewhat includeil. —
Serinse^in DC I. c. Tiarclla ? bracteata, Torr. ! in ann. lye. New York,
2. p. 204.

On the Rocky Mountains in about lat. 41°, Dr. James! — Caudex thick
and somewhat ligneous. Leaves scarcely more than half an inch in di-
ameter, cordate or truncate at the base, coriaceous. Scape 3-6 inches high,
slender, naked, or with 2 or 3 entire or laciniate bracts toward the summit.
Flowers in a spicate somewhat compound raceme about an incli long,
crowded. Calyx glandularly puberulenf, campanulate, deeply cleft; the
segments slightly obovate. Petals filiform towards the base, somewhat
persistent; one or two often wanting. — This remarkable alpine species,
much the smallest of the genus, agrees with Holochloa, i\'««. in the structure
of its flowers, which, however, are only about half the size of those of
Heuchera Americana.

§ 4. Filaments and styles subulate, very short : calyx obconic at the base,
rotate, equal : petals small, fugacious : Jlowers sfiiall : panicles narrou;
loose. — Heucherella.

-^ 13. H. parvifolia (Nutt. ! mss.) : scabrous-pubcrulent ; scape naked ; leaves
' forming a small radical cluster, roundish-cordate, crenately 5-7-lobed, at
length "glabrous, ciUate ; the lobes short and rounded; panicle racemose,
rather loose ; bracts small, laciniate-ciliate ; flowers very small; limb of the
calyx flat, dilated; petals minute, caducous; stamens shorter than the
lobes of the calyx ; styles very short, conical.

R(X!ky Mountains, Dr. James! Blue Mountains of Oregon, JSuttall !—
Caudex' somewhat hgneous, thick. Leaves an inch or more in diameter ;
the lobes with one or two crenatures, not mucronate. Sca])e 8-12 inches
high : panicle branching below. Calyx-tube obconic, adherent nearly to the

582 SAXIFRAGACE^. Tolmiea.

summit of the ovary. Filaments very short and thick, subulate : anthers
large for the size of the flower. Seeds hispid. — Mr. Nuttall supposes this
species to be nearly allied to H. Richardsonii. It seems to us, however, to
form, with the succeeding species, a very well-marked section.

14. H. hirtiflora : hirsutely hairy ; scape naked ; leaves cordate, some-
what hairy, obtusely 5-7-lobed, incisely crenate ; panicle elongated, narrow,
loose ; flowers small ; calyx canescently villous ; the limb flat, with short
and broad very obtuse lobes ; petals sjjatulate, unguiculate, somewhat cadu-
cous, and, with the stamens, about the length of the lobes of the calyx ; styles
very short. — H. hispida, Hook. 6f Am. ! hot. Beechey, suppl. p. 347, not of
Pursh.

California, Douglas ! — Leaves about as large as in Tiarella cordifolia,
cordate -ovate, rather obtuse. Scape 8-12 inches high. Calyx-tube ad-
herent to the base of the ovary. Filaments subulate : anthers roundish.

15. H. pilosissima (Fisch. & Meyer) : subcaulescent, very villous with
long spreading glandular hairs ; leaves ovate-cordate, ratlier obtusely lobed,
toothed ; pedicels shorter than the flowers ; petals nearly linear, twice the
length of the connivent teeth of the subglobose calyx ; stamens slightly ex-
serted ; styles rather included. Fisch. S^' Meyer, ind. sem. St. Pttersh. (5)
1838, (^ in Linncea, suppl. 13. p. 106.

California, at the Russian colony Ross, Fischer Sf Meyer. — This plant is
compared with H. Americana and H. micrantha ; but it is apparently allied
to the preceding.

5. TOLMIEA. Torr. S^- Gr. (not of HooTc.)

Calyx infundibuliforra, free from the ovary, somewhat unequally 5-cleft
at the summit, split externally from above downwards and gibbous at the
base : aestivation imbricate. Petals 5, filiform, exserted, recurved, inserted
between the teeth of the calyx, persistent. Stamens 3, scarcely exserted,
inserted into the throat of the caly-x opposite the three superior lobes : fila-
ments subulate : anthers large, reniform, 2-celled ; the cells confluent at the
apex. Ovary oblong, attenuate at the base, 1-celled, with 2 parietal pla-
centae: styles 2, subulate: stigmas obtuse. Capsule oblong, membranaceous,
1-celled, many-seeded, 2-valved at the apex; the valves equal. Seeds
globose, very small, muricate-hispid. — A perennial herb, with fibrous roots.
Leaves cordate, incised ; the cauline ones alternate. Stipules adnate, scarious.
Flowers (rather large) in a slender elongated raceme. Bracts minute,
scarious. Pedicels with 2 setaceous opposite deciduous bracteoles, erect-
spreading in fruit.

- T. Menzfmi.— Tiarella Menziesii, Pursh, fl. I. p. 313; DC. prodr. A. p.
50. T. stenopetala, Presl, rel. Hcenk. 7 Heuchera Menziesii, Hoolc. ! fl.
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 237, t. 80.

Shady woods. Banks Island, N. W. Coast, Menzies ! and from Puget
Sound to the Oregon River, Douglas ! Scouler ! Nuttall .' — Stem 1-2 feet
high, mostly simple, slender, 3-5-leaved, hairy, as well as the leaves and
petioles. Leaves ovate-cordate, on slender petioles, somewhat 5-7-lobed,
acute, sharply incisely serrate. Raceme elongated in fruit : pedicels scarce-
ly as long as the flowers, recurved-spi'eading, rather erect in truit. Calyx
tubular-infundibuliform, with a saccate projection at the base on the lower
side, cleft on the same side from an early period ; the lobes rather unequal,

LiTHOPHRAGMA. SAXIFRAGACE7E. 683

ovate, veined. Petals filifonn, much lonn;er than the lobes of the calyx,
very slightly dilatcil and flattened toward ihe summit. AntlierH peltate and
4-lobcd after tlie emission of the jMillen. Ovary pubescent. CapsuU; tsub-
stipitate, emerijin;^ during its growth from the lis>ure in llie persistent r alvx-
tube, which partly surrounds iis base. — Tlie Tulmiea of II(j<jker being iden-
tical with the earlier-published Cladothamnus of JJongard, we have dedicat-
ed this well-marked genus, as we consider it, to Mr. Tolmie, the surgeon of
the Hudson's Bay Com])any at Puget Sound; in order that his name, like
that of Men/ies, Douglas, Drummond, and .Scouler, may be permanently
associated with the plants of the region in which \iiey have all made so
many interesting discoveries.

6. TELLIMA. R. Br. in Richards, appx. p. 53; Lindl. hot. reg. t. 1178.

Tellima § Amilleta, Endl.

Calyx campanulate, obconic and coherent with the ovary at the bjtse,
free and inflated above, 6-toothed : aestivation valvate. Petals 5, inserted in
the throat of the calyx, laciniate-pinnatifid, sessile. Stamens 10, included:
filaments sliort : anthers ovate, i-cclled. Styles 2, short, distinct : stigmas
capitate, obscurely 3-lobsd. Capsule 1-cellcd, with 2 parietal many-seeded
placentae, 2-beaked, opening (prematurely ?) between the beaks. Seeds
horizontal. — A perennial herb, with roundish-cordate palmately-lobed incise-
ly toothed leaves ; the cauline ones similar, 2-4, alternate : petioles somewhat
stipuliform at tlie base. Flowers large, in an elongated simple somewhat
spicate raceme. Petals small, greenish. Pedicels nodding in flower, at
length erect. Bracts minute.

— r. grandijlora (Dougl.) — Lindl. ! I. c. ; DC. ! prodr. 4. p. 49 ; Bon gar d !
veg. Sifcha, I. c. p. 139 ; Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 239. Mitella grandi-
flora, Pursh ! fl. 1. p. 314. Tiarella alternifolia, Fisch. ! in DC. I. c.

Shady woods, N. W. Coast, Menzies ! Eschschollz J Siteha, Bon gar d !
Oregon, Douglas ! Dr. Scouler ! Mr. Tolmie ! Nuttall ! — Stem stout, about
2 feet high, and, with the petioles and leaves, somewhat hirsute. Raceme
many-flowered. Flowers about half an inch in length and breadth. — We
have not examined this plant in a living state ; but in our numerous dried
specimens we observe that the ovary, when only half grown, o])ens at the
top by a longitudinal fissure, which extends along the inside of the styles
quite to the summit, so that these may be laid open. We notice the same
thing to some extent in Lithophragma beterophylla. We have not seen the
mature fruit.

7. LITHOPHRAGMA. (Tellima § Lithofragma, Nutt. in jour. acad.

Philad. 7. p. 26, excl. syn. Mitella trifida.)
Tellima § AUetima, Endl.
Calyx cyathiform or campanulate, not inflated, coherent with or free from
the lower part of the ovary ; the limb short, 5-cleft, valvate in aestivation.
Petals 5, inserted in the sinuses of the calyx just below the margin, cunei-
form, unguiculate, much exserted, 3-cleft, or rarely entire, deciduous. Sta-
mens 10, included, inserted in the throat of the calyx : filaments very short :
anthers cordate, 2-celled. Styles 3, short : stigmas obtuse or somewhat di-

584 SAXIFRAGACEiE. Lithophragma.

lated. Capsule 1-celled, with 3 parietal many-seeded placentae, 3-valved at
the apex. Seeds horizontal, ovate, with a distinct raphe ; (he testa smooth
and memhranaceous. — Small and slender herbs (natives of Oregon and Cali-
fornia), annual or perennial ? with fibrous at length grumous roots, and
lobed or divided leaves. Cauline leaves few, commonly alternate : petioles
stipuliform at the base. Racemes simple, few-flowered : pedicels erect in
fruit. Bracts minute. Petals rose-color or nearly white, mostly rather
large for the size of the flower.

§ 1. Petals 3-cleft or 3-lobed. — Lithophragma, Nutt. mss. (Tellima §
Lithofragma, Nutt. in jour. acad. I. c. partly.)

* Calyx mostly cyathiform, adherent to the lower part of the ovary.

1. L. parviflora (Nutt.): canescenlly hirsute; leaves temately divided or
parted, the segments 3-cleft ; raceme at first short, elongated in fruit ; calyx
cyathiform, attenuate into the short pedicel ; petals much exserted, deeply
3-cleft. — Nutt.! in jour. acad. Philad. I. c. Tellima parviflora. Hook. ! jl.
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 239, t. 78, A. T. (Litliophragma) parvifolia. Hook. &^' Am. !
hot. Beechey, suppi. p. 346.

/?. ? micrantha : mucli smaller ; flowers nearly sessile : petals (pale rose-
color) scarcely exserted. — L. micrantha, Nutt. mss.

Woods and stony places, Oregon, Douglas! Dr. Scouler ! Nuttall!
N. California, Menzies, ex Hook. 0. Dry hills on the Flat-head River, near
the Rocky Mountains, Nuttall. May-June. — Stems 8-12 inches high,
simple. Cauline leaves 1-2, similar to the radical ones, or sometimes less
divided, petioled. Pedicels in fruit about the length of the clavate-obconic
calyx. Petals rather large, deep rose-color. — This species has larger flowers
than any other of the genus. We have not seen the L. micrantha of Nut-
tall, which from the description seems to be only a smaller-flowered variety.

2. L. glabra (Nutt. ! mss.) : " nearly glabrous ; leaves reniform-cordate,
3-parted ; the segments 3-lobed at the apex, tiie lateral ones often 2-cleft ;
raceme elongated ; pedicels much longer than the campanulate pubescent
calyx ; petals equally 3-cleft, longer than the calyx.

" Blue Mountains of the Oregon. July-Aug. — Stem slender, about 10
inches high. Raceme few- (3-6-) flowered : pedicels nearly half an inch
long. Calyx as broad as long." Nuttall.

* * Calyx campanulate, free from the ovary.

3. L. tenella (Nutt. ! mss.) ; " scabrous-puberulent ; leaves 3-5-lobed,
somewhat cuneiform, the lobes toothed ; cauline ones minute, 3-cleft ; ra-
ceme few- (3-6-) flowered ; pedicels about the length of the obconical calyx ;
petals equally 3-cleft, rather longer than the calyx.

" In the central range of the Rocky Mountains, on the banks of the Big
Sandy and Siskadee Rivers of the Colorado of the West, about lat. 42°.
June-July. — A diminutive species, 4-5 inches high. Leaves and flowers
small. Teeth of the calyx short." Nuttall. — This species, we find, has the
calyx wholly free from the ovary, as in L. heterophylla.

4. L. heterophjlla (Hook. & Arn.) : scabrous-hirsute ; radical leaves cor-
date, somewhat 3-5-lobed, crenate ; cauline ones deeply 3-5-lobed, the
lobes mostly cleft ; raceme elongated ; pedicels very short ; caljTc short,
broadly campanulate ; petals much exserted, 3-cleft at the summit ; ovary

MiTELLA. SAXIFRAGACE^. 585

nearly free from the calyx. — Tellima (Lithophragma) licteropliylla, Hook.
^' Ant. hot. Bcfchey, suppl. p. 34(>.

In slin'ly jjlaces, St. IJarbara, Califomia, Douglas! NutUilL ! April. —
Stem rj-15 inclics liigli. Leaves varial)lo in size and form; the radical
ones rcsembliiiir tiiose of Mitella niida. Raronio f;-12-f lowered; tlie flowers
rather large. Calyx truncate at the base. Petals pale rose-color.

§ 2. Petals spatulate-cuneiforrn, entire: caljjT cyathifomi-campanulate, ncuThj
free from the ovary. — Lithophragmella.

5. L. Cymbalaria : minutely glandular-scabrous or nearly glabrous; stem
very slender ; radical leaves reniform, slightly 3-6-lobed, the lobes rounded
and entire ; the cauliue 2, nearly opposite, 3-cleft, on slender y)e(ioles; ra-
ceme few--flowered ; the pedicels longer than the calyx; petals much ex-
serted. — Saxifraga Californica, Null. ! mss.

Sfiady woods near St. Barbara, California, Nuttallf — (H Nult.) Stem
weak, G-10 inches in length. Leaves small, membranaceous, glabrous ; the
pair of cauline ones near the middle of the stem. Flowers about as large as
in Saxifraga stellaris. Lobes of the calyx ovate-triangular, obtuse, rather
shorter than the tube. Petals nearly white, thrice the length of the calyx,
inserted in the sinuses, obtuse, taperini; ])elow into a slender claw. Fila-
ments scarcely longer than the cordate-oblong anthers. Styles sometimes 2
(fide Null.), very short. — Mr. Nuttall had remarked the accordance of this
plant with Lithophragma in habit, as appears from his manuscript notes;
but we find a perfect agreement in structure with this genus, excepting the
undivided petals.

8. MITELLA. Tourn. ; Lam. ill. t. 373 ; Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 240.

Mitella & Drummondia, DC. — Mitella & Mitellopsis, Meisn.

CalyTC short, campanulate, more or less coherent with the ovary, 5-cleft :
ffistivatiou valvate. Petals 5, pectinately pinnatifid (rarely 3-cleft), inserted
into the throat of the calyx. Stamens 5 or 10, included : anthers cordate or re-
niform, 2-cellcd. Styles 2, short, distinct. Capsule 1 -celled, with 2 parietal
or somewhat basilar many-seeded placentfc, 2-valved at the summit. Seeds
obovoid, horizontal or ascending : testa crustaceous, smooth and shining, ob-
scurely punctate. — Perennial herbs, with mostly radical cordate somewhat
lobed and crenate leaves. Scapes slender. Flowers small, in a simple
spicate raceme. Bracts scarcely any.

We accord with Hooker as to the extent of this genus, and the discovery of a
true Mitella with only 5 stamens confirms our view. The styles aro not uuitcd
in Mitella proper, as they are said to bo by De Candollo and Endlicher.

§ 1. StamcMS 10 ; filaments short : calyx adherent to the base of the ovary
only : stigmas obtuse or simple : placenta ovuliferoxis toward the base of the
ovary: mature seeds feiv, ascending : scape witJi 1-2 alternate or opposite
leaves., or naked. — Eumitella.

•--^l. M. diphylla (Linn.) : leaves cordate, acute, somewhat 3-5-lobed, ser-
rate-toothed, the radical ones on long petioles ; die cauline 2, opposite, near-
ly sessile ; scape many -flowered ; styles very short. — Linn. ! spec. 1. p. 406 ;

74

586 SAXIFRAGACE^. Mitella.

Lam. ill t. 373,/. 1 ; Michx.!fl. 1. p. 270 ; Pursh! fl.l. p. 313 ; Schk.
handb. 1. t. 120 ; Torr.! Jl. 1. jk 446; Bigei. Ji. Bost. ed. 2. p. 178; DC!
I. c. ; Hook. ! jl. Bor.-Am. \. p. 240; Darlwgt.Jl. Cest. p. 271.

Moist rich woods, Canada ! and Northern States ! to Kentucky. May. —
Leaves slightly hispid with scattered hairs above, pubescent beneath, at
length almost glabrous. Scape pubescent. Raceme 6-8 inches long : pedi-
cels shorter than the flowers. Petals and calyx-segments white. — False
Sanicle.

' 2. M. nuda (Linn.) : often stoloniferous ; leaves roundish-cordate or
somewhat reniform, slightly crenate-lobed, or doubly crenate, the crenatures
somewhat mucronate ; scape filiform, few-flowered, naked or with a single
subsessile leaf; calyx flat; petals filifonnly pectinate-piunatifid. — Linn. !
spec. 1. p. 406, Sf aman. acad. 2. p. 352 ; IVilld. ! spec. 2. p. 660; Rich-
ards. ! appx. Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p>. 14 ; DC. prodr. I. c. ; Hook. ! Jl. Bor.-
Am. l.p. 240. M. scapo nudo, &c., Gmcl. Jl. Sihir. 4. p. 175, /. 68, /. 2.
M. cordifoha, Zam. ill. t. 373, f. 2 ; Michx. ! Jl. l.p. 270 ; Pursh, Jl. l.p. i314 ;
Torr. ! Jl. 1. p. 446 ; DC. ! I. c. M. reniformis, Lam. I. c. t. 373, /. 2.

p. creeping shoots assurgent at the extremity, bearing a terminal raceme.
— M. prostrata, Michx.! I. c.

In deep moist woods. Northern part of the State of New York ! and New
England States! to the shores of the Arctic Sea, and from Hudson's Bay to
the Rocky Mountains ! June. — Caudex slender, sending out, after flowering,
long filiform leafy stolons. Leaves thin and membranaceous, hirsute with
scattered hairs above ; the lobes or crenatures rounded. Scapes 4-6 inches
high, 5-10-flowered. Flowers greenish. The Siberian specimens of M. nuda
in the herbarium of Linnfeus, as well as those of Pallas in the herbaria of
Lambert and Willdenow, are the same with the N. American plant.

§ 2. Stamens 5, alternate ivith the (pinnatijid) iie.tals: Jilaments rather short :
calyx adherent to the base of the ovary : stigmas simple : placenta; parietal,
many-ovuled : scape 2-3-leaved. — Mitellastra.

3. M. caulescens (Nutt. ! mss.) : " leaves roundish-cordate, 3-5-lobed,
obtuse, crenate ; the cauline ones 2-3, alternate, petioled ; raceme many-
flowered ; calyx flat ; petals filiformly pectinate-piunatifid ; stamens 5."

Shady woods of the Oregon, near the mouth of the Wahlamet, Nuttall!
— Plant 10-12 inches high. Leaves sparingly hirsute on both sides, ob-
tusely and rather deeply lobed, the crenatures obtuse and mucronate,
sparingly hirsute on both sides, as large as in M. diphylla. Flowers yel-
lowish-green, larger than in M. nuda : pedicels longer than the flowers.
Styles slender. — Wholly accords with the decandrous species, except in the
number of the stamens and the many-ovuled placentas, which reach nearly
to the summit of the capsule, as in the following sections.

§ 3. Stamens 5, opposite the {pinnatijid) petals : Jilaments very shm-t : calyx
adherent nearly to the summit of the ovary : stigmas subsessile, 2-lobed :
capsule opening long before the ripening of the seeds : placenta parietal,
many-ovuled: scape naked. — Mitellaria. (Drummondia, DC. not of
Hook. — Mitellopsis § Mitellaria, Meisn. ; Endl.)

4. M. pentandra (Hook.) : leaves all radical, cordate, slightly lobed,
crenately serrate, scape slender, nalied ; calyx spreading ; petals pectinate-
pinnatifid.— ifoo^. .' bot. mag. t. 2933, Sf Jl. Bor.-Am. 1.^. 241 ; Graham!

TiARELLA. SAXIFRAGACEii:. 587

in Edinb. phil. jour. 1829. Drummondia mitelloides, DC. prod r. 4. ;>. 40,
excl. syn. MitcUa trifida.

Moist alpine woods in ilip Rocky Mountains, Drummond ! — Flowers about
the size of those of M. nuda, greenish.

§ 4. Stamens 5, alternate with the trifid scarcely exserled petals ; fdamenls
very short: calyx adherent to the middle of the ovary: stigmas somewhat
capitate, undivided: placentae parietal, many-ovuled : scape naked. —
MiTKLLiNA. (Mitcllopsis § MitcUina, Mcisn. ; Endl.)

■ 5. M. trifida (Graham) : leaves all radieal, rordate, slightly lobed, cre-
nate; scape" slender, naked ; calyx canij)anulate, the lobes spreading ; petals
cuneiform, deeply 3-cleft. — Graham! I. c. ; Hook.! I. c. t. 82. Litho-
phrairnia nudicaule, Ault.! mss.

Rockv Mountains, from near Smoking River, on the east side, in lat. 56°
(Drummond) to the Blue Mountains of Lewis and Clarke's River, lat. 46°.
{Dou<rlas.)—lIah[l whollv iliat of the preceding species. Petals scarcely
longer than the lobes of the calyx ; l)oth greenisii-white. — Although tlie petals
of tliis plant are 3-cleft, as in Lithopluagma, yet we conceive it more
properly placed in the present genus.

9. TIARELLA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 373 ; Endl. gen. p. 816.

Calyx campanulate, nearly free from the ovary, 5-parted ; the lobes ob-
tuse, valvate in estivation. Petals 5, entire. Stamens 10, inserted with the
petals into the base of the calyx : filaments filiform, exserted : anthers ovate,
2-celled. Styles 2 : stigmas simple. Capsule membranaceous, 1-celled,
with 2 parietal placentfe, 2-valved ; the valves very une(pial. Seeds few, near
tlie base of the capsule (tlie others abortive), rather large, subglobose : testa
crustaceous, smooth and shining.— Perennial herbs, with simple or trifolio-
late incised and serrate leaves. Pedicels recurved in fruit. Bracts scarcely
any. Flowers white.

§ 1. Scape naked : raceme simple : petals oblong, «ng«ic«ia<e.— Eutiarella.

-,-- 1. T. cordifolia (Linn.) : leaves cordate, acutely lobed, unequally dentate
' with mucronate teeih, hirsute with scaliered hairs above, pubescent beneath ;

stolons creeping.— L?«n. / spec 1. ;'. 405,- Lam. ill. t. 373, /. 1 ; ^]''<^'>^-- J-

1. p. 271 ; Pursh! fl. 1. p. 313 ; Bot. mag. t. 1589 ; lorr. ! Jl. 1. p. 445 ;

Bisel. ! ft. Bost. ed. 2. p. 178 ; DC. ! prodr. 4. p. 50. _ ^ ,.. • ■
Wof)ds, Canada! to Pennsylvania! and the mountams of V irgmia.

April-Mav.— Caudex thick, sending out creeping stolons after flowering.

Scapes 6^12 inches high. Pedicels slender. Calyx and petals white.

Filaments long, flattened and slightly dilated above. Seeds ovoid, brownish.

— Mitre-ivort.

§2. Stem leafy {leaves alternate): flowers paniculate: petals filiform or
««fewZa<e.— Anthonema, Nutt. mss. (Blondia, Necker?)

;^ 2. T. vnifoliata (Hook.): nearly glabrous; stem 1-leaved; leaves all
triangular-cordate, 3-5-lobed ; the lobes rather acute, obtusely serrate-toothed ;

588 SAXIFRAGACEiE. Astilbe.

panicle loose ; petals resembling the filaments. — HooJc. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p.
238, t. 81.

Rocky Mountains near the source of the Oregon, and at Portage River,
Drummond ! — The panicle in the above-cited figure is more compound than
in our specimens, and the leaves less deeply lobed.

_ A - 3. T. trifoliata (Linn.) : hirsutely pubescent or partly glabrous ; stem
2-3-leaved (rarely naked, ex Hook.) ; leaves ternately divided or trifoliolate ;
the terminal leaflet rhomboid-ovate ; the lateral somewhat trapezoidal ; all
incisely toothed ; panicle slender ; petals linear-filiform. — Linn, amcen.
acad. 2. p. 351, 8^-spec. 1. p. 406 ; Pursh .' Jl. 1. p. 313; Willd.! spec. 2.
p. 659 ; Scringe, in DC. I. c. ; Bongard, veg. Sitcha, I. c. p>- 139; Hook.!
jl. Bor.-Am. \. p. 239. T. (Anthonema) rhombifolia, Nutt. ! mss.

N. W. Coast, Menzies! Norfolk Sound, Eschscholtz ! Sitcha, Bongard; and
shady woods of the Oregon, near the coast, Douglas ! Nuttall! Mr. Tolmie!
and on the west side of the Rocky Mountains, Drummond. — This species
was founded on Siberian specimens ; and Mr. Nuttall suspects the American
plant to be a distinct species : but the specimen of Pallas in Willdenow's
herbarium is, if we mistake not, identical with ours ; and Bongard remarks
that he has compared the American plant with that from Siberia and
Sitcha, and finds them wholly the same. He also corrects the mistake of
Seringe in comparing the raceme to that of Mitella diphylla. The upper-
most leaves are sometimes deeply 3-parted or only 3-lobed ; the others with
petiolulate segments or leaflets. Stems often reclined.

4. T. laciniata (Hook.) : scabrous-hirsute ; stem about 3-leaved ; leaves
3-foliolate; the terminal leaflet deeply 3-cleft, the lateral ones 2-cleft; the
segments broadly lanceolate, laciniaie-pinnatifid ; panicle loose ; petals fili-
form and resembling the filaments. Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 239, t. 77.

N. W. Coast, Menzies. — Segments of the calyx acute.

10. ASTILBE. Hamilton, ex Don, prodr. Nepal, p. 210.

Hoteia, Morr. ^- Decaisne.

Calyx campanulate, or somewhat obconic at the base, 5- (rarely 4-)
parted, somewhat coherent with the base of the ovary ; the segments ovate,
erect, imbricate in aestivation. Petals 5 (rarely 4), spatulate, inserted into
the base of the calyx (sometimes none ?), marcescent. Stamens 10 (rarely
8) ; filaments subulate, exseried : anthers cordate, 2-celled. Ovary 2-celled,
with a central placenta : ovules numerous, ascending: styles short, at first
united at the base : stigmas obtuse, papillose. Capsule somewhat coria-
ceous, 2-celled ; the carpels at length separable and opening longitudinally
along the inside. Seeds by abortion few (1-4) in each carpel, scobifonn :
testa membranaceous, loose, attenuate at each end. Embryo cylindrical,
more than half the length of the abundant fleshy albumen : cotyledons
thick, ovate. — Perennial herbs, resembling Spiraea Aruncus. Leaves 2-3-
ternately or somewhat pinnately compound ; the leaflets serrate : petioles
dilated and stipuliform at the base. Racemes spicate, disposed in a crowded
panicle. Flowers small, bracteate, yellowish- white.

We have drawn the character here given from the flowers of A. decandra, Don,
the figure and description of Hoteia Japonica, Morr. ^ Decaisne, and from
speciraens of Spiraea barbata, Wall, from Bot. reg. t. 2011, which Lindley (Bot.

Chrtsosplenium. SAXIFRAGACEjE. 589

reg. Novein. 1839, appx. p. 83.) now rofors to Hotoia Japonica, and adducos Antilbo
rivularis, Don, as a synonym. If llio tjcniis Aslilbo was tbundod on lliis plant, as
wo liave reason to suppose, tho petals nuist occasionally be wanting, as indeed
Pursh remarks of our species, or they may have been overlooked ; and the " cap.
Bula polyspernia" may liavo been inferred from the numerous ovules. Tho re.
semblance to Spirma Aruncus is so close that, according to Decaisne, tho plant of
Japan is described under this name in Thunborg's Flora Japonica; and our own
species has been confounded with that plant in herbaria.

1. A. decandra (Dun ! I. c.) : caly.x (alway.s 5-parted) nrarly free from
the ovary; Icalk'ts conlato, incist-ly lolx-d and .serrate, the lower .surfare and
petioles somewhat glandular and liairy ; petals linear-spatulato. — Tiarella
biternata, Vent. hort. Malmais. t. 54; Pursh .' Jl. 1. j). 31.3; Ell. s/,: 1. p.
513 ; DC. prodr. 4. p. 51. Hoieia biternata, Murr. Sf Decaisne^ in ann.
sci. nat. {ser. 2) 2. L 11, /. 11. ^y 12. (the seeds.)

On the mountains of N. Carolina ! S. Carolina; and of Georgia, Dr. Mac-
bride ex Ell. June-Aug. — We find the petals in all tlie specimens we have
examined, although they are often small and scarcely exceeding llie calyx.

11. CHRYSOSPLENIUM. Tourn. ; Gtertn.fr. t. 44; Endl. gen. t. 815.

Calyx-tube coherent with the ovary; the lobes 4-5, obtuse, colored within.
Petals none. Stamens 8-10, inserted on the margin of the epigynous disk:
filaments short, subulate : anthers reniform, 2-celled. Styles 2, distinct :
stigmas simple. Capsule obcordate, compressed, 1-celled, with 2 parietal
placentae at the base, 2-valved at the summit. Seeds numerous : testa crus-
taceous. Embryo minute. — Annual or perennial low herbs, growing in
mountain swamps and brooks, with fleshy alternate or opposite crenate leaves,
and small yellowish-green flowers.

1. C. altermfolium (Linn.) : flowering stems erect; leaves alternate, reni-

form-cordate, doubly crenate or somewhat lobed ; flowers corymbose >

Engl. hot. I. 54 ; Fl. Dan. t. 366 ; R. Br. ! in Parry's 1st voy. suppl. v.
275 ; DC. ! prodr. 4. ^, 48 ; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. j9. 241.

British North America to the Arctic Islands ; and on the Rocky Mountains,
Drummond! Bay of St. Lawrence, &c., Chamisso.

Z — 2. C. Americanum (Schwein.) : stems slender, decumbent, dichotomoua
above ; leaves opposite, the upper ones often alternate, roundish-ovate, ob-
scurely crenate-lobed ; flowers dichotomal, distant, sessile. — Schweinitz, in
herb. Hook. ; Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 242 ; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 270.
C. oppositifolium, Michx.! fl. 1. p. 269 ; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 269 ; Torr. ! fl,
1. p. 445, not of Linn.

Shaded springs, &c. from Saskatchawan ! and Northern States ! to the
mountains of Carolina. April-May. — Floral leaves yellowish. Calyx,
usually 4-cleft. Stamens usually 8, very short : anthers reddish-orange-
color. Seeds hispid, reddish-brown. Certainly difterenl from the C. oppo-
sitifolium of Europe, and a much less conspicuous plant. — Golden Saxijrage,
Water Carpet.

3. C. glechomeefolium (Nutt. ! mss.) : " stems slender, ascending ; leaves
(deep-green) opposite, roundish, abruptly cuneiform at the base, crenate-
dentate with numerous teeth ; flowers [dichotomal or] somewhat co-
rymbed, somewhat peduncled, ratlier distant ; segments of the calyx short
and obtuse." — C oppositifolium (i. Hook. ! I. c.

690 SAXIFRAGACE^. Itea.

Oregon, Dr. Scolder ! Nuttall ! — Hooker remarks that the leaves are ex-
actly similar to those of C. Nepalense, Don ; wliich (with C. Camtschati-
cum, Fisch., C. dubium, Gay, and C. repens, Link) Chamisso and Schlecht-
endal think should not be separated from C. oppositifolium.

12. LEPUROPETALON. Ell. sk. 1. p. 370.

Lepuropetalum, DC; Endl. — Cryptopetalum, Hook. ^ Am.

Calyx-tube turbinate, coherent with lower portion of the ovary ; the limb
6-parted ; lobes ovate, obtuse. Petals 5, minute, spatulate, inserted into the
tube of the calyx, persistent. Stamens 5, inserted alternately with the petals;
filaments very short : anthers subglobose (orange-color), 2-celled. Ovary
free at the summit, 1-celled, with 3 parietal bilamellate placentae : styles
short, distinct : stigmas simple. Capsule globose, 1-celled, many-seeded,
loculicidally dehiscent at the free apex by 3 valves. Seeds numerous, oval,
punctate with elevated dots : " albumen thin, fleshy. Embryo straight^
central." — A very small annual herb (half an inch high), forming little hemi-
spherical tufts, somewhat succulent, branching. Leaves alternate, spatulate,
entire, almost veinless, marked (as also the calyx-segments) with minute
brownish oblong dots. Flowers terminal, rather large for the size of the
plant.

i- "L. spatliulatum (Ell. ! 1. c.) — DC. prodr. 4. p. 53. Cryptopetalum pusil-
'lum. Hook. Sf Am. in hot. misc. 3. p. 344. Pyxidanthera spathulata,
MiM. cat.

In close soils, S. Carolina ! and Georgia ! to Texas ! (Also at Quintero iu
Chili, Bridges, ex Hook. Sf Am.) March-April — Elliott, and also End-
licher, describe the placentee as attached to the margins of the valves, instead
of their middle as is really the case. It is in the loculicidal dehiscence of
the capsule, as Hooker and Arnott remark, that it chiefly differs from the
other plants of the order.

Suborder II. ESCALLONIEiE. DC. 7

13. ITEA. Linn. ; Richard, in Michx.fl. 1. p. 156 ; Gcerln. fr. t. 209.

Calyx campanulate, short, free from the ovary, 5-eleft ; the segments subu-
late. Petals 5, inserted on the tube of the calyx and much longer than its
segments, lanceolate-linear, 1-nerved, erect-spreading, the points incurved,
valvate in sestivation. Stamens 5, shorter than the petals, inserted alternate-
ly with them into the calyx : filaments subulate : anthers introrse, cordate-
oblong, minutely apiculate, 2-celled. Ovary oblong, 2-celled, with a
central placentae : ovules numerous : styles short : stigma capitate, 2-sulcate.
Capsule 2 celled, 2-sulcate, compressed, 2-partible with septicidal dehis-
cence. Seeds several (8-12), subcordate, flattish, with a thickish reticu-
lated testa and a prominent raphe. Embryo cylindrical, in the axis of fleshy
albumen. — A shrub, with simple alternate serrulate exstipulate ? (minutely

Htdr.\soba. SAXIFRAGACE^. 691

bistipulafe, ex Richard) leaves, and simple terminal spicate racemes. Bracts
subulate, caducous. Flowers white.

J. Virginica (Linn. !) — Lam. ill. l.t. 147 ; L'Hcr.stirp. \.p. I.*]? ; Mirhx.!
I. c. ; PurshI fl. 1. y^. 171 ; Ell. sk. 1. ;;. 293 ; Ton: ! Jl. l.j). 248 ; DC!
jrrodr. 4. p. G.

In wet places, New .Jersey ! and Peimsylvania ! to Florida ami Louisia-
na! May-.Iune. — Shrub 4-8 feet high. Leaves alK)Ut 2 inches loni;, on
short ])etioles, oblong or oval, acuminate. Ovary and inside of the jictnls
pubescent. Capsule oblong, acuminate with the style. Style furrowed,
separating in two with the dehisce:.''',' of the cajjsule. — In the (lowers and
fruit, Itea seems to be related not so much to Escallonia as id Wcinmannia
and the allied genera, one of which (CaJdcluvia, Don !) haa simjilc undi-
vided leaves.

Suborder III. HYDRANGEA. DC.

Estivation of the petals valvate, with the margins sometimes in-
duplicate. Capsule dehiscent at the summit between the styles
when the latter are distinct, opening irregularly when these are
united (rarely baccate). — Shrubs, with opposite simple exstipulate
leaves.

14. HYDRANGEA. Gronav. ; Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 307 ; Garln. fr. I. 30.

Flowers all fertile, or commonly the marginal ones sterile. Sterile Ft.
Calyx membranaceous, colored, veiny, flat and dilated, 4-5-parted. Petals,
stamens, and pistils rudimentary or none. Fertile Fl. Tube of the calyx
hemispherical, coherent with the ovary, 8-10-ribbed; the limb 4— 6-toothed,
persistent. Petals ovate, sessile. Stamens twice as many as the petals, and
inserted with them into the margin of an epigynous ring : filaments filiform.
Styles 2, distmct : stigmas small. Capsule crowned with the styles and the
limb of the caly^c, 2-celled (1 -celled at the top), opening by a foramen
between the styles. Seeds numerous, ascending ; the testa conformed to the
nucleus, striate or ribbed, membranaceous. — Shrubs (natives of N. America,
Japan, Nepaul, and Java), with opposite mostly toothed or serrate leaves,
and white or rose-color cymose flowers ; the marginal ones usually sterile
and radiant, showy.

-*^ 1. H. arboresccns (Linn.) : leaves ovate or cordate, mostly acuminate,
serrately toothed, puberulent or nearly glabrous; cymes fasdgiate ; flower-
buds very obtuse. — Linn. ! spec. 1. p. 397 ,• Lam. ill. t. 370 ; Bot. nia<r. t.
437 ; Willd. ! spec. 2. p. 633 ; DC. ! prodr. 4. p. 14. H. vulgaris, Michx. !
Jl. \. p. 268; PuTsh! fi. 1. p. 300; Ell. sk. 1. p. 509; Torr.! Jl. 1. p.
442 ; Darlingt. fi. Cest. p. 269.

a. vulgaris : leaves ovate, obtuse at the base ; flowei's commonly all fer-
tile.— H. arborescens, Linn..' {pi. Gronov..') H. vulgaris, Michx.! Sfc,

p. cordala : leaves broadly ovate, more or less cordate, large; a few of the
marginal flowers radiate, sterile. — H. cordata, Pursh! I. c ; DC. I. c.

y. oblonga : leaves ovate-oblong, mostly acute at the base ; a few of the
marginal flowers radiate, sterile.

3. sterilis : flowers all sterile and radiate.

692 SAXIFRAGACEiE. Decumaria.

Shady banks of streams, Pennsylvania ! to the mountains of Georgia !
west to Missouri ! S. Wysox, Pennsylvania, Mr. Julin Carey ! June-July. —
Shrub 4-8 feet high ; the young branches and cymes pubescent. Leaves
3-6 inches long; the veins pubescent on both sides. — Common Hydrangea.

2. H. radiata (Walt.) : leaves ovate, mostly cordate, acuminate, sharply
serrate; si 1 very -tomentose beneath ; cymes fastigiate ; flower-buds depress-
ed; a portion of the marginal flowers radiate and sterile, — Walt.! Car. p.
251 ; Willd. ! sjiec. 2. 2J- 634. H. nivea, Michx..' I. c. ; Pursh ! I. c. ; Ell.
I. c. ; DC. ! prodr. 4. p. 14.

In the upjier country of S. Carolina! and Georgia! also in Tennessee.
May-June. — Shrub 6-8 feet high. Sterile flowers large. In cultivation
the flowers are said to become wholly sterile, and the leaves to lose a por-
tion of the white tomentum of the lower surface.

3. H. quercifolia (Bartram) : leaves deeply and somewhat sinuately 3-5-
lobed, somewhat serrate, tomentose beneath ; cymes thyrsoid-paniculate ;
sterile flowers very large, numerous. — Bartr. ! trav. p. 336, t. 7 ; Willd!
spec. I. c. ; Pursh ! I. c. ; Ell. I. c. ; DC! I. c. H. radiata, Smith, ic. not of

IValt.

Banks of streams, Georgia! to Florida! May-June. — Shrubs 4-5 feet
high, showy. Leaves very large, variously lobed or sinuate, minutely ser-
rate with salient teeth, when young tomentose ; the upper surface at length
nearly glabrous. Flowers in a large crowded thyrsus ; the branches simple
or dichotomous, bearing here and there little clusters of fertile flowers, and at
its extremity a very large sterile flower. Sterile flowers often starainate ;
the sepals orbicular, dull wliite changing to reddish. — A showy species, not
uncommon in gardens.

15. DECUMARIA. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 403; DC. prodr. 3. p. 206.

Flowers all fertile and uniform. Tube of the calyx turbinate-campanu-
late, coherent with the ovary, 7-10-toothed ; the teeth at length deciduous.
Petals as many as the teeth of the calyic, narrowly oblong, somewhat atten-
uate at the base, valvate in sestivation, with the margins more or less indu-
plicate. Stamens thrice the number of the petals, inserted in a single series
into an epigynous ring: filaments subulate-filiform. Ovary 5-10-celled,
with numerous suspended scobiform ovules: stigmas thick (5?) 7-10,
united in a disk, radiate. Capsule turbinate, 10-15-ribbed, the conical apex
free, crovraed with the persistent style, 5-7-celled (or as many cells as stig-
mas?), opening irregularly between the ribs; the endocarp and dissepiments
thin, composed of fasciate oblique fibres : placenta persistent in the axis.
Seeds numerous and imbricated, suspended from the inner angle of each
cell by a subulate-attenuate base : testa membranaceous, reticulated, pro-
duced at the extremity opposite the insertion into a thickened obtuse and
entire cellular appendage, about the length of the oblong nucleus. Embryo
oblong-linear, terete, surrounded with a very thin granular albumen : coty-
ledons semiterete, nearly as long as the radicle ; the latter directed towards
the subulate extremity or hilum. — A samientose shrub, with opposite entire
or somewhat toothed glabrous leaves (more or less marked with minute
linear dots), and numerous white fragrant flowers, in compound terminal
cymes.

Jamesia. SAXIFRAGACEiE. 593

This g'^nus is allioil, not so niucli to Pliiladclphus as to Doutzii (wliicli Prof.
Zuccaririi lias rncenlly so ably illustrated in his and Siobold's Flora Japonica, and
which ho justly retains in Ilydranirca'), and especially to the intProHliiifr Scliizo.
phragnia of iho same author, (/'7. Japan. I. IJG.) whicli is very nearly allied to
Hydrangea itself, and yet does not dilfur essentially from iJecuniaria except in its
radiate sterile llowers, if they may so bo called, the rather smaller number of the
floral organs, and the erect seeds. — In examining the contents of the capsule, with
a good lens, we discovered an abundance of very minute acicular bodies, lying
loose among the seeds and the fibrous portions of the dissepiments, which liavo
entirely the appearance of acicular raphidos. Wo have only examined dried speci-
mens, and are unable to determine what is the organic situation of these bodies.

D. burhara (Linn.! spec, appx.) — Willd.! spec. 2. p. 850; DC..' I. c.
D. barbara &c sarmenlosa, Bosc, act. soc. hist. nut. Par. I. p. 76. t. 13 ;
Pursh, ft.. \.p. 3-28; Ell.! sk. 1.^;. 533. D. radicans, Mrtnclt. meth. p. 17.
D. Forsythia, Mickr.! jl. I. p. 282. Fonsythia scandcii-s Walt.! Car.
p. 154.

In shadv places along the maripn of swamps, North Carolina! to Florida!
and western Louisiana, Dr. Hale! May-.Iune. — Stem rliml)ing by rootlets,
often ascending trees to considfrable height. Leaves pi.-tiolfd, either broadly
or oblong-ovate, rather variable in form, either acute at each end, or often
rounded at the base, sometimes coarsely repand-toothed towards the apex.
Stamens as long as the petals. Capsule strongly ribbed ; the endocarp
with the dissepiments separating from the chartaceous exocarp, thin and
scarious, but rather firm, splitting when mature into innumerable band-like
fibres, as in Schizophragma, Zucc, exce])t that the fibres jiursue an obliciue-
ly descending course from the dorsal suture to the axis.* Placenta attenuate
below, dilated (and when dry liollow) towards the summit of the capsule.
Integument of the seed (arillus, DC.) aj)i)arently simple, and ccriauily the
testa, not an arillus.

IG. JAMESIA.

Flowers polygamous ? Calyx campanulate, deeply 5-cleft, coherent wth
the ovary at the base only ; the segments ovate-lanceolate, somewhat une-
qual, persistent. Petals 5, oblong, obtuse, narrowed at the base, concave,
minutely pubescent within ; the margins induplicate in aestivation. Stamens
as many or twice as many ? as the petals : filaments subulate, longer than
the petals. Ovary ovoid-conical, 3- (or sometimes 4-5- ) celled, at first in-
completely (the dilated placentas being scarcely coherent in the axis) : ovules
numerous, linear-oblong, ascending, imbricated : styles long, more or less
united at the base, much exserted : stigmas small, terminal, truncate. Fruit
unknown. — A shrubby plant, with opposite serrate pelioled leaves, and
small few-flowered axillary and terminal cymes ; the branchlets, as well
as the peduncles and calyx, clothed witli simple soft hairs ; the leaves can-
escent beneath. Flowers small.

^4^ J. Americana.

' Along the Platte or the Canadian River, near the Rocky Mountains ? Dr.
James .'—Shrub erect? with terete branches. Leaves, including the petioles.

» Nearly the same structure is obsorvablo both in Hydrangea and in Philadel-
phus, but in these the fibres do not separate spontaneously.

75

594 SAXIFRAGACE^. Philadelphus.

1-2 inches long, ovate, simply serrate with broad mucronate teeth. Cymes
shorter than the leaves : bracts subulate. Calyx ])ersistent, cleft rather
below the middle ; the segments mostly acute, two of them somewhat nar-
rower ; one of the broader ones sometimes minutely 3-toothed at the apex.
Petals twice or more the length of the calyx. Stamens deciduous. Styles
more than twice the length of the ovary, much exserted beyond the calyx.
Ovary free, except the base, the parieties rather thick and firm ; the dis-
sepiments very short ; the placentae lunate, at first distinct, many-ovuled. —
We much regret that we have not more adequate materials for describing
this plant. Our specimens were collected by Dr. Edwin .Tames (in Long's
Expedition), but the particular locality is not recorded. It is probably rare
or very local, as no other botanist seems to have met with it. It appears to
be an entirely distinct genus, to which we have applied the present name in
commemoration of the scientific services of its worthy discoverer, the bota-
nist and historian of ' Major Long's Expedition to the Rocky Mountains, in
the year 18-20,' and who, during that journey, made an excellent collection of
plants under the most unfavorable circumstances.

Suborder IV. PHILADELPHEiE.

Ord. Philadelpheae, Don, DC, (excl. gen.)

^Estivation of the petals convolute. Capsule opening by locu-
Hcidal dehiscence. — Shrubs, with opposite and simple exstipulate
leaves.

17. PHILADELPHUS. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 420 ,• Geertn.fr. t. 35.

Tube of the calyx obovate-turbinate, adherent to the ovary ; the limb
4-5-parted, persistent. Petals 4-5, broadly obovate, convolute in festivation.
Stamens 20-40, shorter than the petals: filaments filiform. Styles usually
4, more or less united, sometimes nearly to the summit : stigmas oblong or
linear. Capsule mostly 4-celled, free at the summit, 4-valved, loculicidal ;
the placenta projecting into the cells, many-seeded. Seeds pendulous and
densely imbricated downwards on the thickened placenta, scobiform ; the
testa membranous and loose, subulate-attenuate at the apex, and with a short
lacerate appendage next the hilum. Embryo nearly the length of the thin
fleshy albumen : radicle cylindrical, much longer than the oval flattish
cotyledons. — Shrubs (natives of North America and Japan ? or Central
Asia?), with opposite often serrate exstipulate leaves, and large racemose-
cymose or solitary (white) flowers.

-f 1. P. inodorus (Linn.) : glabrous; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse at
' the base, acute or somewhat acuminate, triplinerved, entire or very nearly
so ; flowers (rather small) 1-3 at rhe extremity of the branches ; segments of
the calyx triangular-ovate, acute, about the length of the tube ; style longer
than the stamens.— Z-inn. sjyec. 1. p. 470 {Catesb. Car. 2. t. 84) ; Walt. Car.
p. 146,- Willd. spec. 2. p. 948; Bot. mag. t. 1478.

Carolina to Alabama, apparently confined to the upper country and some-
what rare. Near Milledgeville, Georgia, Dr. Boykin ! Upper part of

PiMLAUKLPHus. SAXlFRAGACEiE. 595

Alabama, Mr. Bucldey ! May. — Whole jjlaiit glabrous. Flowers scent-
less.— Tills sjiecirs a|)pears to be little known in tultivation. The (lowers
are smaller and much less showy than P. grand illorus.

-^ — 2. P. irrandijlnrus (Willd.) : more or less pubescent; leaves ovate or
ovate-oblont;, acuminate, dentate or denticulate with sharp teeth, triplinerved ;
flowers (large) 1-3 or more at the extremity of the branches, on slender
pedicels; segments of the calyx ovale or ovate-lanceolate, conspicuously
acuminate, much longer than the tube ; style eciualling or longer than the
stamens.— I'TiW J..' enum. 1. ji. 511 ; Pursh! jl. 1. j). 3'29 ; Ell. sk. 1. ;;.
538 ,• Guinq). Otto, Sy Hiujne, holz. t. 44 ; Schrad.! in DC. prodr. 3. p. 206,
^- in Linntea, 12. p. 43. P. inodorus, Miclti:.' Jl. 1. p. 283. P. speciosus,
iSchrad. ! I. c.

p. laxus : branches weak and pendulous ; leaves (especially of the young
branches) shar|)ly toothed, the upper ones acute at the base and often entire;
segments of the calyx much elongated and spreading in fruit ; flowers 1-3,
or'^often G.— P. laxus, Schrad.! L c. ; Lindl. ! hot. re<r. (*er, 2) t. 39.

y. Jloribundus : flowers 5-7. — P. floribundus, verrucosus, latifolius, Sc
Zeyheri ? Schrad. I. c. P. grandiflorus, Bot. reg. t. 570.

Along streams, Virginia ! to (Georgia I mostly in tlie upper country. April-
May. — Shrub G-10 feet high; the young branches long and flexible. Flowers
nearly inodorous, showy, usually only 3 together in a wild state. — The
several species of Schrader cited above, are certainly only varieties of our
p. grandiflorus.

3. P. hirsutus (Nutt.) : leaves ovate, acuminate, sharply serrate-dentate,
3-nerved from the base, scabrous-pubescent a])ove, canescently hirsute with
appresscd hairs beneath, as well as the pedicels and calyx ; flowers (small)
1-3, terminating the short branchlets, on very short pedicels ; segments of
the calyx triangular-ovate, about the length of the tube; style shorter than
the stamens; stigmas short, connate. — Nutt. ! gen. \. p. 301 ; DC. ! prodr. 3.
p. 206. P. truiervius, Schrad., in Linneea, 12. p. 47. P. pubescens, Bosc.

Tennessee, " on tlie rocky banks of French IJroad River, near the Warm
Springs," Nuttall ! — A small slirub, with virgate branches ; the flowers in a
wild stale smaller than in P. coronarius. Styles connate to the summit, but
when old separable for one-third tlieir length.

4. P. Lewisii (Pursh) : leaves ovate, acute, 3-5-ner\'ed from the base, the
adult ones nearly entire and somewhat glabrous ; flowers (small) racemose,
on short pedicels ; segments of the calyx ovate-lanceolate, acute, twice the
length of the tube ; style about the length of the stamens; stigmas 3-4, very
long.— Pursh .' fi.l. p. 329 ; Hofjk. ! % Bar. -Am. 1. p. 220 (partly).

Oregon, Lewis! Douglas! Nuttall! Mr. Tolmie ! in open pine woods.
Also near St. Barbara, California, fide Nuttall.— \ low shrub, with slender
branches spreading horizontally, somewhat hairy when young. Leaves
small, the younger ones loothed ; the adult ones often with a woolly tuft at
the axils of the nerves beneath. Flowers much smaller than in P. ino(loru8,
scentless. Fruit turbinate, 4-celled ; but one of the stigmas often abortive.

5. P. Gordonianus (Lindl.) : leaves ovate, acuminate, triplinerved, ser-
rate-toothed, hairy ; flowers (rather large, numerous) in 5-9-flowered com-
pact racemes ; segments of the calyx ovate, acuminate ; style shorter than
the stamens, deeply-cleft; stigmas short. — Lindl.! bot. reg. {misc. 1838. no.
23, S^-) ser. 2. t. 32. P. Oreganus, Nutt. ! mss.

Shady woods, Oregon, common near the coast, Douglas! Nuttall! Mr.
Tolmie'! July.— Shrub 4-6 feet high. Flowers inodorous. Fruit large,
more than half superior. Leaves often very coarsely serrate and more or
less liirsutc.

596 HAMAMELACE^. Hamamelis.

Order LXVII. HAMAMELACE.^. R. Br.

Calyx 4-5-cleft, or truncate with 5-7 obscure callous teeth ; the
tube more or less adherent to the ovary. Petals 4-5, long and
linear, inserted into the calyx alternate with its segments, with a
valvate aestivation at the base, the apex spirally involute ; some-
times none. Stamens either twice the number of the petals, those
opposite the calyx-segments fertile, those opposite the petals sterile
and scale-like ; or (in Fothergilla) somewhat indefinite and all fer-
tile : anthers innate or introrse, the cells usually opening by valves.
Ovary composed of 2 coherent carpels, adherent at the base to the
tube of the calyx, 2-celled, with usually a solitary pendulous ovule
in each cell (rarely with several, of which all but one are deformed
and sterile) : styles 2 (sometimes by accident 3), distinct : stigmas
simple. Capsule coriaceous or somewhat ligneous, 2-beaked, 2-
celled, dehiscent at the summit. Seeds anatropous. Embryo
straight, in the axis of the fleshy albumen : cotyledons foliaceous.
— Shrubs with alternate petiolate feather. veined leaves ; the veins
running from the midrib straight to the margin. Stipules deciduous.
Pubescence mostly stellate. Flowers in axillary or terminal nearly
sessile fascicles or heads, sometimes polygamous.

Tribe I. HAMAMELE^. DC.

Petals 4-5. Stamens 8-10, of which the alternate ones only are
fertile : filaments very short. Ovules solitary in each cell.

1. HAMAMELIS. Linn. ; Juss. gen. p. 288; E. Br. in Abel, China,
p. 374 ; Endl. gen. p. 804.

Calyx 2-3-bracteolate at the base, 4-parted. Petals 4, ligulate, very long
and narrow, marcescent. Fertile stamens 4, alternate with the petals : an-
thers adnate, introrse, 2-celled ; the cells opening by an operculate valve.
Sterile stamens 4, scale-like, opposite the petals. Styles 2, short. Capsule
coriaceous or almost bony, the base coherent with the persistent calyx-tube,
2-celled, opening at the top by locuUcidal dehiscence, the valves at length
2-cleft : endocarp coriaceous, separating and enclosing the seed, at length
bursting elastically into 2 pieces. Seed one in each cell, oblong : testa shin-
ing, crustaceous. — Shrubs or small trees. Leaves on short petioles repand-
ly crenate or entire. Glomerules axillary, nearly sessile. Petals yellowish.
Flowers often polygamous.

FoTHERoiLLA. HAMAMELACE/E. 597

-i^ 1. H. Virffiniana (Linn.): heads of flowers surrounded with a sralc-like
3-leaved involucre: leaves obovatc or oval, repaiidly simiate-crenatc, uiie(|ual
or obliquely sulxordate at the base, scabrous with minute elevateil spots be-
neath, when voiinii stellately pubescent. — Linn. spec. 1. p. 116; Catesb.
Car. 3. t. 2: Michx.! f. 1. ]}. 11)0; Purshjl. l.j). Ufj; EU.sk. I. p. 219;
Nutt. gen. 1. p. 107 ; DC. prodr. 4. p. 2V>S ; Bart. J}. .Y. Anitr. t. 78 ; Dar-
lingt.Ji. Cest. p. 114 ; Guinip. Odo, S^' Ilai/iie, liolz. I. lb. W. niacrophylla,
Pursh, I. c. H. dioica, nioiioica, ic androfiyna, Wall. Car. p. 255.

/?. parvifolia (Null. I. c.) : leaves much smaller and more pubescent
beneath.

In moist woods, Canada ! to Louisiana ! 0. Mountains of Pennsylvania,
Nuttall. New Orleans, Drummond ! Oet.-Nov. — Stem H-12 feet lii<rh :
branches flexuous. Leaves > .i short petioles. Petals a little crixped, three-
fourths of an inch in length. Ovary hirsute. — The flowers usually aj'pear
late in autunm, after the leaves have fallen (although sometimes not until
the ensuing spring,) and its fruit is perfected the following year. Darlington
remarks that the plant is generally polygamous, and that the flowers which
want tlie stamens are generally apetalous also. — Wilck-Hazel.

Tribe IL FOTHERGILLEiE. DC.

Petals none. Stamens somewhat indefinite (in Parrottia as many
as the calyx-segments only), all fertile: filaments very long. Ovules
solitary in each cell.

2. FOTHERGILLA. Linn. f. suppl. ; Lam. ill. t. 840 ; Juss. gen.
p. 408 ; Michi. fi. 1. p. 312.

Calyx campanulate, truncate, repandly 5-7-tootlied. Petals none. Sta-
mens about 24, inserted in a single series upon the very margin of the calyx :
filaments long, somewhat clavate : anthers innate, 2-celled ; the cells open-
ing by 2 valves. Ovary adnate with the base of the calyx : styles 2 (rarely
3), filiform, distinct. Capsule cartilaginous, the base cohering with the calyx,
2-lobed, opening by 2 valves at the top ; the valves 2-cleft. Seed one in each
cell, bony. — A shrub, -with somewhat the habit of Alnus. Flowers (white,
odorous, appearing before the leaves) in short terminal amentaceous spikes.
Bracts scale-like, imbricated, each covering a single sessUe flower, at length
deciduous.

F. alnifolia (Linn. f. ! 1. c.)—Willd. spec. 2. p. 1224 ; Duham. arh. 4. t.
26 ; Bot. mag. t. 1341 Sf 1342 ; IS'ult. gen. 1. p. 304 ; Ell. sk. 1. p. 547;
Guimp. Otto, Sf Hayne, holz. t. 16; DC. prodr. 4. p. 270. F. Gardeni,
Michx. ! I. c. ; Jacq. ic. rar. 1. t. 100. Hamamelis monoica, Linn, ex
Smith.

Margins of swamps and shady woods, Virginia ! to Florida ! March-
April. — Shrub 2-4 feet high, with virgate branches. Leaves oval or obovate,
acute or obtuse, more or less crenate near the summit, nearly glabrous or
etellately-pubescent beneath. Stamens white, sometimes tinged with pink.
Bracts in the lower part of the spike 3-cleft. Capsule cancscently hirsute.
— Several varieties have been distinguished from the form of the leaves,
which vary greatly. We do not comprehend the meaning of the character
" a«?/?er<?7i?;>/90crepic«" of De Candolle. The anthers are short, roundish,
or very sliglitly cordate ; the cells open by a longitudinal cleft from top to
bottom with two valves, which are easily separable from the connectivum.

598 UMBELLIFER.E. Hydrocottle.

Order LXVIII. UMBELLIFER^. Juss.

Calyx adherent to the ovary ; the limb very small, 5-toothed or
entire. Petals 5, inserted on the outside of the epigynous disk,
usually inflexed at the point, the inflexed portion cohering with the
lamina : aestivation somewhat imbricate or rarely valvate. Stamens
5, alternate with the petals, inflexed in aestivation : anthers ovate,
introrse. Ovary composed of two (very rarely more) united carpels,
invested with the coherent calyx, 2-celled, with a solitary suspended
ovule in each cell : styles 2 ; their bases dilated and thickened into
a fleshy body (^stylopodium) which covers the top of the ovary : stig-
mas simple. Fruit consisting of 2 dry carpels (often termed tnericarps),
which adhere by their faces [commissure) to a common axis {carpo-
phore), at length separating from each other, and suspended from the
summit of the carpophore ; each carpel indehiscent, marked with 5
longitudinal primary ribs, one opposite each petal and each stamen,
and often with 5 alternating secondary ones : in the substance of the
pericarp are usually several longitudinal canals or receptacles
(vittcs), filled with a colored aromatic oil or turpentine, which are
commonly lodged in the spaces (intervals) between the ribs, but some-
times opposite them. Seed anatropous, usually coherent with the
carpel, rarely loose. Embryo minute at the base of the copious
horny albumen. — -Herbs, or rarely suflrutescent plants ; the stems
usually fistular and furrowed. Leaves alternate (or very rarely
opposite), usually pinnately or ternately divided ; the petioles most-
ly dilated and sheathing at the base. Flowers in umbels, usually
with an involucre.

Series I. The inner face of the seed and albumen plane, neither
convolute nor involute. (Subord. Orthospermje, DC.)

Tribe I. HYDROCOTYLE^. Spreng. ; DC.

Fruit laterally compressed. Carpels convex or (rarely) acute on
the back : primary ribs 5, sometimes obsolete ; the lateral ones
either marginal or on the face of the commissure ; the intermediate
ones most prominent : secondary ribs sometimes persistent and
filiform, sometimes almost or entirely wanting. Vittae very seldom
present. Seed flattish on the face. — Umbels simple or imperfectly
compound.

Htdrocottle. UMBELLIFER/E. 699

1. HYDROCOTYLE. Toum. ; Lam. ill. t. 1^^ ; DC. prodr. 4. j>. 59.

Margin of the calyx obsolete. Petals ovate, entire, acute, spreading ; the
point straight. Fruit flattened laterally. Carpels without vittn- : primary
ribs 5, filiform ; the dorsal and lateral ones often obsolete ; the inteniifdiate
ones enlarged. Seed carinately compressed. — Herbaceous (rarely suflrutes-
cent) plants, usually slender and aquatic, wiili creeping stems, and peltate or
cordate leaves. Umbels simple. Involucre lew-leaved. Flowers sessile
or pedicellate, white. — Natel-wort.

^^1. H. Americana (Linn.) : very glabrous and shining ; leaves orbicular-
renifomi, somewhat lobed, doubly rrenate; umbels nearly sessile, capitate,
3-5-flowered ; fruit orbicular, 2-ribbed on each side. — Linn. I spec. 1. p.
234 ; Michx. ! fl. I. p. 162 ; Rich. Hydr.f. 10 ; EU. sk. 1. p. 34« ; Torr.!
fi.l. p. 303 ; DC. ! prodr. 4. p. 64.

Wet shady places, Canada ! and Northern States ! to the mountains of
S. Carolina. June-Aug. — Stems filiform. Leaves thin, an inch or more
in width, obscurely 7-lobed. Flowers in very small axillarj' umbels, green-
ish, often tinged with purple. Fruit very minute ; the ribs filiform : inter-
vab smooth and flat.

•'' 2. H. interrupta (Muhl.) : glabrous ; leaves orbicular, peltate, slightly
doubly crenate ; flowers in small capitate nearly sessile proliferous umbels ;
fruit acute at the base, 2-ribbed on each side. — Muhl. cat. p. 10 : Ell. ! sk.
1. p. 345: DC.f prodr. 4. p. 59. H. vulgaris, Michx.! Jl. 1. p. 161;
Pursh, fl. 1. p. 190 ; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 2o7.

Wet places, common in the Southern States ! Ne^' Bedford, Massachu-
setts, 3/r. T. A. Greene! California, CAam mo. — Stems creeping. Leaves
thin, 8-12 lines in diameter, sometimes with a slight sinus at die base :
petioles 2-3 inches long. Peduncles longer than the petioles: whorls or
umbels 4—8 flowered, on very short pedicels. Fruit nearly twice as broad
as long, abruptly acuminate at the base. — DistinguLshed from H. vulgaris
by the form of the fruit, which in that species is emarginate at the base.

— ^ 3. H. umhellata (Linn.) : glabrous : leaves peltate, orbicular, emarginate
at the base, doublv crenate ; scape usually longer than the petioles: umbel
20-30-flowered, sometimes proliferous ; pedicels slender ; fruit dirlymous,
2-ribbed on each side. — Linn.! spec. 1. p. 234 : Rich. Hydr. t. 52, /. 3 ;
Ell! sk. 1. p. 346; Bigel Bost. ed. 2. p. 109; DC! p.odr. 4. p. 60.
H. umbellulata, Michx. ! fl. 1. p. 161.

Overflowed boggy places, and around ponds, Massachusetts {Bieelow)
ai;d New York (near Albany, Beck c^ Tracy !) and on Long Island I to Flori-
da I and Louisiana I April-.June. — Stems creejjing or floating. Leaves 1-2
inches in diameter, coarsely crenate : petioles 2-8 inches long. Pedicels
3-5 lines long. Fruit somewhat tumid, emarginate at the base and sura-
mil. — To this doubtless belongs H. incrassatum, Raf. (not of Ruiz &(■ Pat.
H. fluitans, DC. I. c.)

4. H. natans (Cyrillo) : glabrous, floating ; leaves orbicular-reniform,
with a narrow cordate sinus, obtusely and unequally 7-9-lobed, crenate ;
peduncles much shorter than the petioles : umbel capitate, .5-6-flowered ;
flowers on short pedicels. — " Cyr. pi. rar. Seap. 1. ^ 6" ; Rich. Hydr. t. 95,
/. 20 ; Cham, i^- Schlecht. in Linnaa, 1. p. 273 ; DC prodr. 4. p. 62.

St. Francisco, California, Chamisso, Douglas ! — Leaves about an inch in
diameter, excentrically peltate, repandly toothed : petiole stout, about 6
inches long. Umbel one-third of an inch in diameter : peduncle at length
curved. — We have not seen the fruit.

600 UMBELLIFER^. Crantzia.

4 ■ 5. H. repanda (Pers.) : leaves reniform-cordate, repandly toothed ; the
younger ones and the petioles hairy, but at length glabrous ; peduncles near-
ly half as long as the petioles, hairy ; umbel capitate, mostly 3-4-flowered ;
involucre 2-leaved ; fruit reniform, truncate, 4-ribbed on each side. — Nutt. !
gen. Pers. syn. 1. p. 302; Rich. Hydr. f. 14 ; Ell. ! sic. 1. p. 347 ; DC. !
prodr. 4. p. 62. H. reniformis, Walt. Car. p. 113? Poir. suppl. 3. p. 21.
H. ficarioides, Michx. fl,. 1. p. 160, not of Lam. Glyceria repanda, Nutt.
gen. 1. p. 177.

Margin of ponds &c. often in rather dry places, South Carolina ! to Florida I
and Louisiana ! — Stem creeping, throwing up several leaves from each node.
Leaves 1-2 inches long, somewhat coriaceous, often truncate at the base :
petioles 3-6 inches long. Involucre of 2 concave bracts, nearly as long as
the almost sessile flowers. Stamens shorter than the petals : anthers brown.
Fruit with prominent ribs, somewhat reticulated. — According to Chamisso,
this species is not distinct from H. Asiatica ; but our specimens of the latter
have thinner and broader leaves, very short peduncles, and more reticulated
orbicular and emarginate fruit.

-/' 6. H. ranunculoides (Linn, f.) : glabrous ; leaves orbicular-reniform,
3-5-lobed, the lobes crenate ; peduncles much shorter than the petioles ;
umbels 5-10-flowered ; pedicels very short ; fruit orbicular, smooth, very
obscurely 2-ribbed on each side. — Linn. f. ! suppl. p. 177 ; Rich. Hydr. f.
18 ,- Cham. &; Schlecht. in Linneea, I. p. 373 ; DC. prodr. 4. p. 65. H.
cymbalarifolia, Muhl. Cat. ; Ell.! sk. I. p. 346. H. Americana, Walt.?

In water, Pennsylvania [Muhlenberg) and Virginia [Mr. Ruffner !) to
Georgia! and Louisiana! July-Aug. — Stems creeping or floating. Leaves
1-2 inches in diameter, usually deeply 3-lobed ; the middle lobe narrower
and a little longer than the others : petioles 4-12 inches long. Peduncles
1-3 inches long : pedicels 1-2 lines in length. Fruit about a line and a half
in diameter.

H. cor data of Walter appears, from a leaf in his herbarium, to be Villarsia
trachysperma, Ell. (Limnanthemum, Gmel.)

2. ? CRANTZIA. Nutt. gen. 1. p. 177 ; DC. prodr. 4. p. 70.

Calyx-tube subglobose ; the margin obsolete. Petals roundish, entire,
obtuse. Fruit subglobose ; the commissure excavated, nearly orbicular, with
2 vittae. Carpels unequal, with 5 filiform ribs ; 3 of them dorsal and narrow,
the others marginal and united with the thick corky margin which surrounds
the fruit : intervals with single vittae. Carpophore adflate, indistinct. Trans-
verse section of the seed orbicular. — Very smafl glabrous creeping herbs,
(natives of the United States and Buenos Ay res), with linear entire succulent
leaves (or rather petioles without a lamina), marked with transverse lines.
Umbels few-flowered, simple, involucrate. Flowers white or rose-color,
perfect, pedicellate.

-^ 1. C. lineata (Nutt.) : leaves cuneate-linear, obtuse, shorter than the
peduncles. — Nutt. ! I. c. ; DC. ! prodr. 4. p. 71. Hydrocotyle lineata,
Michx. ! fl. 1. p. 162 ; Rich. Hydr. f. 38 ; Ell. sk. 1. p. 347 ; Torr ! fl. 1.
p>. 304. H. ligulata, Bosc. ' Elatine foliis oppositis, Gronov. ! Virg.
p. 62.

Muddy banks of rivers, near salt water, Massachusetts, Rhode Island !
and Connecticut ! to Louisiana ! May-July. — Stems creeping and rooting

SamculA. UMBELLIFER-^. COl

in mud. Leavps erect, 1-2 inches lone, about a line and a half wide at
the summit, marked witli 4-G transverse lines. Umbels 8-l'J-tlo\vcred.
Involucre 5-G-leaved. Fruit a line in diameter : e<jnmiissurc with a broad
while corky marijin. Vitue red, conspicuous. — This genus does not accord
with the present tribe except in habit ; yet wc are unwilling to establish
a peculiar tribe for its recei)tion.

3. BOWLESIA. Ruiz cV Pav. prodr. j,. 44, /. 34 ; DC. j'rodr, 4. p. 75.

Calyx-tube compressed, somewhat 4-an2;led ; the limb 5-toothed. Petals
elliptical, entire, acute. Styles filiform. Fruit didymous, much contracted
at the commissure, turgid, somewhat pyramidal and 4-angle<l. Carpels
without vittfE ; the back flattened, with an oval outline : ribs obsolete. Seeds
plane internally, slightly convex externally. — Slender herbs (mostly South
American), scabrous with a stellate or simple pubescence. Leaves opposite !
simple, lobed or toothed. Stipules lacerate, scarious. Umbels axillary,
simi)le, few-flowered : flowers minute.

1. B. lobata (Ruiz & Pav.) : decumbent, thinly clothed witli fasciculate
and stellate hairs ; leaves reniform, 5-7-lobed ; the lobes entire, rather ob-
tuse ; umbels with very short pedicels, 1-3-flowered. — Ruiz {)' Pav. Jl.
Peruv. 3. t. 251, /. 6, ex DC. j^rodr. 4. p. 75; Hook. 4* Am..' lot.
Beechey, suppl. p. 347.

Dark moist places about streams, California, Douglas ! Nutfall ! April.
— (1) Stem 6-15 inches long, nearly simple; the nodes producing short
branches. Leaves about three-fourths of an inch in diameter ; the sinuses
acute : lower petioles 1-2 inches long. Fruit densely hirsute witli stellate
hairs. Carpels rather smaller than a mustard seed, at first inflated, the
calyx not adliering at the back, an empty space being left between it and
the pericarp; the seed also occupies but a part of the car])el (the inner
portion), so that a transverse section exhibits two cells, one formed by the
non-adherence of the calyx at the back, the otlier the cavity of the inflated
pericarp which is only partially occupied by the seed. At rnaturity the seed
fills the cavity of tlie carpel,- and the exterior cavity collapses, but the dorsal
part of the calyx never adheres to the fruit. — We strongly suspect tliat B.
tenera, Sprtng., to which Hooker & Arnott (in But. misc. 3. p. 346) refer B.
geraniifolia, Cham. &f Schkcht. and B. nodiflora, Presl, is not distinct from
this plant.

Tribe IL SANICULE^. Koch ; DC.

Transverse section of the fruit somewhat orbicular. Carpels
with 5 equal primary and no secondary ribs, or covered with scales
or prickles, when the ribs are obliterated. Vittse none, or numerous
when the fruit is prickly. Seed flatfish on the face.— Umbels
fascicled or capitate, simple, or somewhat irregularly compound.

4. SANICULA. Tourn. ; DC. prodr. 4. p. 84.

Calyx-tube echinate ; the teeth somewhat foliaceous and persistent*
Petals obovate, erect, connivent, with a long inflexed point. Fruit subglo''
bose ; the carpels not separating spontaneously, densely clothed with hooked

7&

602 UMBELLIFER^. Sanicula.

prickles. Carpels without ribs : vittse numerous. Carpophore indistinct.
Seeds semiglobose. — Perennial herbs. Radical leaves with long petioles,
palmately lobed ; the lobes cuneate, incised and toothed towards the apex.
Stem naked or nearly so. Umbel with few rays. Umbellets with numerous
rays ; the flowers polygamous. Leaflets of the involucre few and often
lobed. Involucel of several entire leaflets.

y- 1. <S. Marilandica (Ijinn.) : leaves digitately 5-parted; the segments
incisely and mucronately serrate ; middle one distinct to the base ; the lateral
ones slightly confluent at the base ; sterile flowers pedicellate ; teeth of the
calyx entire. — Linn. ! spec. 1, p. 235 ; Michx. ! fl. 1. p. 162 ; Ell. sic. 1. p.
348 ,• Torr. .' fl. 1. p. 302 ,• DC. ! prodr. 4. p. 84 ; Hook. ! ji. Bor.-Am. 1.
p. 257. S. Canadensis, Linn..' I. c.

Woods and thickets, Canada! and Newfoundland! to South Carolina;
and west to Arkansas ! Oregon, Douglas. June-July. — Stem about 2 feet
high, dichotomously branched at the summit. Middle segment of the leaves
petiolulate. Unibel somewhat compound and proliferous. Flowers white
or .rarely yellowish : fertile ones nearly sessile, on pedicels 1-2 lines long.
Calyx-tube echinate on every part.

2. S. Menziesii (Hook. & Arn.) : leaves cordate, deeply 3-parted ; the
segments obovate-cuneate, variously lobed and incisely serrate ; serratures
mucronate and terminating in short hairs; umbels somewhat compound;
sterile flowers subsessile. — Hook. S^- Arn. ! hot. Beechey, j)- 142, iif suppl. p.
347 ,- Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 258, t. 90. P. Liberia, Cham. 6f Schlecht.
in Linncea, 1. p. 253?

Borders of woods, (fee. Oregon, Dr. Scouler I Nuttall! California, Menzies,
Douglas. — Root long and somewhat fusiform. Stem stout, branching above.
Leaves 2-2i inches in diameter : segments usually dilated and rounded, but
sometimes rather acute. Flowers yellow. — Very nearly allied to S. Liber-
ia, and scarcely distinguishable except by its nearly sessile sterile flowers.
The Oregon plant differs from tlie Californian (on which the species was
founded) in the leaves being more obtuse, with shorter hairs at the point of
the serratures ; but in other respects we can discover no essential difference.
Mr. Nuttall, however, considers the Oregon plant as a distinct species, which
he calls S. obtusa.

3. <S. laciniata (Hook. & Arn.) : stem branching from near the base »
leaves deeply 2-parted, with a cordate outline ; segments laciniately pinnati-
fid, narrow, setosely acuminate ; umbels compound ; involucre and involu-
cels bipinnatifidly laciniate. — Hook. Sy Arn. ! hot. Beechey, sujypl. p. 347.

California, Douglas ! — Stem divided into several spreading branches.
Radical leaves on rather long petioles, much dissected ; the ultimate lobes
narrow, very acute and spreading : cauline leaves pinnatifid, with narrow
subulalely toothed segments.

4. S. nudicaulis (Hook. & Arn.) : caulescent ; leaves mostly radical, on
very long petioles, cordate, 3-parted ; segments broadly obovate, somewhat
lobed, setosely toothed ; the lateral ones 2-cleft ; cauline leaves similar, two
opposite ones at the base of the 3-rayed umbel; calyx-tube ecliinate. — Hook.
6f Arn. hot. Beechey, suppl. p. 347.

California, Douglas. — Among our Californian specimens of this genus,
collected by Mr. Douglas, is one which we think must be this species ; but
it seems to be a variety of S. laciniata, with less divided leaves. We have it
also from the same country, collected by Mr. Nuttall, under the name of
S. palmata.

Ertngium. UMBELLIFERyE. 603

5. jS. hipinnalifida (Dougl.) : leaves bi])innatifirl ; the lower cauline ones
opposite, on loii^ petioles ; segments remote, iiirisely serrate, (Iccurreiil on
the acutely toothed rachis; peduncles elonijated ; umbels compound and
soniewliat" proliferous; umbellets uiany-flowered ; iuvoluccls very short. —
Hook. ! Jl. Bur.- Am. 1. p. 358, t. 9-2.

Oregon, Dr. Scouler, Nultall ! Mr. Tolmie ! June. — About a foot high.
Leaves mostly radical, or springing from an elevated caudex, 3-4 inches
long : segments narrowed at tlie base ; the rachis winged and consjjicuously
dentate with mucronate salient teeth. Umbellets in very compact lieads.
Flowers all nearly sessile, purple.

6. 5?. hipinnata (Hook. & Arn.) : stem slender; leaves bipinnately part-
ed ; divisions remote ; the segments oblong, cuneate at the base, incisely and
mucronately toothed ; involucral leaves deeply 3-cleft; the segments narrow,
toothed or laciniate ; calyx-tube echinate above the middle, naked towards
the base. — Hook. S^-Arn. ! hot. Bcechey, svppl. p. 347.

California, Dou'-las ! — Stem a foot or more in height, much more slender
than in any other North American species. Segments of the leaves about
half an inch long, very acute. Umbellets about 3 lines in diameter, 6-6-
flowered ; the sterile flowers pedicellate. — S. graveolens of Chili is allied to
this species ; but differs in the obtuse segments of the leaves, much larger
heads of flowers, &c.

7. .S. arctopoides (Hook. & Am.) : stems very short, with several scapiform
branches ; leaves deeply 3-parted ; the divisions pinnatifid or bipinnatifid ;
segments narrow and si)reading ; peduncles elongated; involucels 8-10-
leaved, longer than the umbellets ; calyx-tube naked towards the. base. —
Hook. S^- Aim. ! hot. Beechcy, p. 14-2, 8^- sujypl. p. 347 ; Hook. jl. Bor.-Am.
1. p. 258, t. 91.

Grassy plains near Monterey, Cahfornia, Douglas! NuttaU .' North
West Coast, Menzics. March-April.— Plant 6-10 inches high. Leaves
usually much dissected, with widely spreading lobes. Umbels simple.
Leaflets of the involucel linear-lanceolate, spreading or reflexed. Sterile
flowers numerous, pedicellate. Fruit armed with a few strong hooked
prickles above the middle. — A remarkable species, with the habit of Arctopus
Capensis.

5. ERYNGIUM. Tourn. ; Lam. ill. t. 187 ; Laroche, hist. Eryng. 1808.

Flowers, sessile, collected in dense globose or cyhndrical heads. Cal3rx-
tube roughened or papillose with scale-like vesicles ; the lobes somewhat
leafy. Petals connivent, oblong-obovate, emarginate, with a very long in-
flexed point. Styles fiUform. Fruit obovate, nearly terete, squamate or
tuberculate. Carpels semilerete, without vitta- or ribs. Carpophore adnate
throughout with the carpels.— Herbaceous or sometimes suffruticose plants ;
the leaves often prickly. Flowers mostly blue or white, bracteate; the
lower bracts mostly larger and involucrate ; the others intermixed with the
flowers and converted into paleaj or scales.

1. E. diffusum (Torr.) : leaves all sessile and palmately parted ; segments
oblono-, incisely serrate and spinose ; stem dichotomously branched, diHuse ;
heads^subglobose, nearly sessile ; leaflets of the involucre 4-6, 3-cleft, a little
longer than the heads; scales lanceolate, entire.— Torr..' in ann. lye. JSew
York,2.p. 207; DC. prod r. 4. p. 91. , ., o

On the Canadian River, Arkansas, Dr. James !— U Stem about a span

604 UMBELLIFERiE. Eryngium.

long, branching from the base, thick and rigid, deeply striate. Leaves three-
ourths of an inch long, coriaceous, the midrib very prominent underneath.

Heads on very short peduncles in the forks of tiie stem, about half an inch
n diameter. Calyx-tube clothed with minute vesicular pointed scales.

2. E. coronatum : cauline leaves palmately .5-7-parted ; divisions pinna-
tifid-laciniate, with narrow spinose segments ; leaflets of the involucre 9-12,
lanceolate with 2-4 remote spiny teeth, twice as long as the globose heads;
scales lanceolate, entire, spiny at the tip, twice as long as the flowers ; the
terminal ones leafy and crowning the head.

Texas, Dnmimond ! — Stem apparently 3 feet or more in height, with
erect branches. Radical leaves not seen : cauline ones 2-4 inches in di-
ameter ; the middle division considerably longer than the others. Heads
about half an inch in diameter, crowned with several foliaceous spinose-
dentate scales. Calyx-tube clothed with acute vesicular scales.

3. E. Leavenwarihii: cauline leaves palmately 5-7-parted ; the segments
incisely and spinosely serrate ; involucre about as long as the heads; the
leaflets incisely pinnatifid ; heads oblong-ovate, pedunculate, crowned with
a leafy tuft ; scales 3-7-cuspidate ; lobes of the calyx pinnatifidly 3-5-cus-
pidate.

Red River, Arkansas, Dr. Leavenworth! Texas, Druinmond! — Stem
stout and apparently 1-2 feet high. Radical leaves wanting in our speci-
mens : cauliue ones about 2 inches long with spreading pungent segments.
Peduncles an inch long. Heads (exclusive of the crown) an inch and a half
long, and nearly an inch in diameter ; the axis proliferous and bearing a
tuft of leaves at the summit resembling those of the involucre. Calyx-tube
clothed with obtuse scales. — The heads and upper part of the stem are usually
of a bright violet-purple color.

^-~ 4. E. aromaiicum (Baldw.) : decumbent; leaves pinnately parted ; seg-
ments cuspidate, entire, cartilaginous on the margin ; the 3 u]jper ones re-
mote and broader ; leaflets of the involucre 3-cleft; heads globose, peduncu-
late ; scales tricuspidaie. — Baldw.! in Ell. sk. 1. p. 344; DC. prodr. 4.
p. 94.

Dry pine woods. East and Middle Florida, Baldwin! Dr. Leavenworth f
Mr. Alden ! Aug.-Nov. — Stems 10-18 inches long, several from one root,
branching towards tlie summit. Leaves an inch long : segments usually in
3 pairs, spreading and somewhat recurved ; the 2 lowest pairs setaceous and
approximated to the stem. Heads nearly half an inch in diameter. Invo-
lucre 5-6-leaved. Calyx-tube covered witli spherical vesicles.

5. E. petlolatum (Hook.) : leaves lanceolate, attenuate into a long petiole,
remotely oiliate-spiny ; the uppermost narrow and sessile ; stem dichoto-
mous above or dwarfish and diffuse ; involucral leaves and scales ciliate-
spiny, rigid, both much longer than the subsessile globose heads. — Hook. fl.
Bar. -Am. 1. p. 250.

Moist soils on the plains of the Wahlamet, Oregon, Douslas, Nuttall! —
H 1 Stem about 10 inches high, (or sometimes only 2-3 inches and branched
from the base). Leaves somewhat coriaceous, with the veins nearly parallel,
but anastamosing. Petioles 1-3 (6, Hooker) inches long. Heads (including
the projecting scales) nearly an inch in diameter. Scales 2-3 times as long
as the flowers. Calyx-tube clothed with imbricated acute scales.

6. E. aquaticum (Linn.) : leaves broadly linear, with straight and simple
parallel veins, remotely cihate with soft spines ; leaflets of the involucels
(7-9), mostly entire, shorter than the ovate-globose pedunculate heads ; scales
entire. — Liiin. .spec. ed. 2. p. 336 (var. a.) ; Jacq. ic. rar. t. 347 (ex DC.) ;
Pursh, fi. 1. p. 189 ; Ell. sk. 1. p. 342; BoL reg. t. 372; DC! prodr. 4.

Eryngium. UMBELLIFERiTK. C05

p. 95. E. yuccaefolium, Michx. .' JI.l. p. 1(54. E. Vlrginianum 6cr., Plvk.
aim. I. 175, /. 4.

Swamps, Virginia I to Florida I Illinois! Texas I — @? Varial)lo in sizo
and in tiie brcadiii of the leaves; wjuiotimcs scancly a l(X)t hiph, with leaves
2-3 lines wide ; and in favorable siluaiions aitaininp the heisilil of 4-G feet,
and the leaves an inch or more in breadth. Heads thre^'-foiirths of an inch
long. Loaliets of the invohuels rarely t(x)ihed. Calyx-tube with acute
scales. — Button Snake-root. — Root bitter, aromatic and pungent, reseinblinj^
in its medicinal properties the Seneca Snake-rciot, and highly esteemed as a
diapiioretic and expectorant in the Southern States. Ell.

•y — 7. E. Vlrginianum (Lam.) : leaves linear-lanceolate and linear, iincin-
ately (rarely spinulose-) serrate ; leaves of tlie involucre 7-8, usually longer
than the heads, 3-cleft, or dentate-spiny ; scales tricuspidate. — Lam. diet. 4.
p. 759; Laruchc, Eryng. p. 48, t. 19 ; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 189 ; EU. sk. 1. p.
343; DC.'prodr. 4. p. 95. E. acpiaticum, Michx.! Jl. 1. ;;. 1G3. E.
Plukenetii, Ell. I. c. p. 582. E. aquaticum, 0. Linn. spec. {ed. 1.) 1. ]>. 232.
Eryngium &:c., Plvk. aim. t. 396, /. 3.

Swam])s, New Jersey ! to Florida! and west to Texas! — (5) Stem 1^—5
feet high, cymosely branclied and often compound at the summit, fistidous.
Radical and lower cauliiie leaves usually 5-10 lines wide, hut sometimes
very narrow, tapering at eacli end ; llie teeth often very remote and indis-
tinct. Heads numerous, three-fourths of an inch in diameter, pale i)lue or
nearly white. Scales sometimes entire, or with only a single lateral cusp.
Calyx-tube imbricated with acute lanceoLite vesicles. — This and the jjreced-
ing species were confounded by Linna?us, and were first distinguished by
Lamarck.

-/— 8. E. virgatum (Lam.) : leaves oval, membranaceous; the cauline ones
otj short petioles, toothed or acutely serrate ; involucre (6-8-leaved) longer
than the subglobose heads ; scales tricuspidate. — Lam. diet. 4. p. 757 ;
Pursh, fl. 1. p. 189 ; DC. prodr. 4. p. 94. E. ovalifoHum, Michx. ! fl. 1. p.
163; Ell. sk. \. p. 343.

Damp places in pine barrens. South Carolina ! to Florida ! and west to
Louisiana. .luly-Sept. — li Stem 1-3 feet long, erect or decumbent,
dichotomously branched at the summit. Leaves reticulately veined : radi-
cal ones with petioles 1-2 inches long, entire or crenately toothed ; cauline
ones often subcordate ; the serratures with a narrow cartilaginous border.
Involucral leaves linear-lanceolate, either entire or with 2-4 spiny teeth.
Heads half an inch in diameter. Flowers white or pale blue. Scales of the
calyx-tube acute.

9. E. Baldicinii (Sprang.) : stem prostrate, and often creeping, filiform,
branching ; leaves membranaceous ; radical and lower cauline ones ovate,
petiolate, entire or somewhat lobed, remotely and acutely toothed ; upper
cauline ones 3-cleft or 3-parted, usually sessile ; the lateral segiiients nar-
rower (often linear) and entire, middle one 2-3-loothed or entire ; heads
(very small) ovate, on axillary peduncles ; involucre much shorter than the
heads; scales subulate, entire. — Spreng. ! syst. 1. p. 871 ; DC. prodr. A. p.
92. E. gracile, Baldw. ! in Ell. sk. 1. p. 345; JSutt.! gen. I.p. 175 ; not
of Laroche. E. integrifolium, IFa//. C«r. p. 112 .'

ff. involucre longer than the heads. — E. prostratum, Nutt..' in DC. prodr.
4. p. 92.

Pine woods from St. Mary's, Georgia, to St. Augustine, Florida, Balduin!
Southern Florida, Dr. Burrows! Mr. F. Cozzens! /?. Moist soils, Milledge-
ville, Georgia, Dr. Boykin! Middle Florida, Mr. Croom! and Dr. Chap-
man ! Kentucky, Short! Arkansas, ?s'uttall .'— (D ? Stem 6-18 long, branch^
ing from the base. Leaves 8-12 lines long; the lower cauline ones often

606 UMBELLIFERjE. Helosciadium.

opposite, furnished with several salient teeth : upper ones with the lateral
segments approximated to the stem. Peduncles usually longer than the
leaves. Heads about the size of a pepper-corn, when old somewhat cylin-
drical-ovate : involucre variable in length ; in /?. often several times longer
than the head. Flowers blue. Calyx-tube vesicular-papillose. — Allied to
E. Cervantesii, Laroche.

E.foetidvm (Linn. excl. syn. Pluk.) is not a native of the United States.
Strebanthus, Raf. ! (in Seringe, bulletin,) is founded on Eryngium Baldwinii,
and is incorrectly described, as the parts of the flower are not quaternary.

Tribe III. AMMINE^. Koch.

Fruit evidently compressed laterally, and usually somewhat didy-
mous. Carpels with 5 equal filiform and sometimes slightly winged
primary ribs ; the lateral ones marginal : secondary ribs none.
Vittce various. Seed gibbously convex on the back, and flattish on
the face, or terete. — Umbels perfectly compound.

6. AMMI. Tourn. ; Koch, Umb. p. 122 ; DC. prodr. 4. p. 112.

Margin of the calyx obsolete. Petals obovate, with an inflexed point,
emarginate, or with 2 unequal lobes ; the exterior ones frequently larger.
Fruit laterally compressed, ovate-oblong. Carpels with 5 filiform equal ribs ;
the lateral ones marginal. Intervals with single vittae. Commissure with 2
vittse. Carpophore free, 2-parted. Seed terete-convex, flattish on the face.
— Herbs, with a fusiform root, and pinnately divided or many-parted leaves.
Umbels compound, many-rayed. Involucre many -leaved; the leaflets 3-
cleft or pinnatitid. Involucels many-leaved ; the leaflets undivided.

1. A. majus (Linn.) : stem glabrous; leaves pinnately divided ; segments
cartilaginous on the margin, acutely serrate ; lower ones lanceolate ; the
upper ones many-cleft, linear. — DC. prodr. A. p. 112.

Newfoundland, Pylaie, fide De Candolle.

7. HELOSCIADIUM. Koch, Umb. p. 125; DC. mem. Umb. p. 21.

Margin of the calyx obsolete or 5-toothed. Petals ovate, entire, with a
straight or inflexed point. Styles short. Fruit laterally compressed, ovate
or oblong. Carpels with 5 filiform slightly prominent ribs ; of which the
lateral ones are marginal. Intervals with single vittse. Carpophore entire, free.
Seed gibbously or teretely convex, flattish on the face. — Herbaceous.
Flowers white.

§ 1. Aquatic, procumbent or creeping: leaves pinnately divided: involucre
1-3-leaved {rarely none) : involucels 5-6-leaved. — Mauchartia, Necker.

1. H. nodiflorum (Koch) : stem procumbent, striate ; leaves pinnately di-
vided ; segments oblong, equally serrate ; umbels opposite the leaves, sessile
or on short peduncles ; involucre none, or few-leaved, deciduous. DC.

DiscoPLEURA. UMBELLIFER;E. G07

prodr. 4. p. 105. Sium nodlflorum, Linn. spec. 1. p. 251 ; Walt. Car. p.
115 ; Ell. sk. 1. p. 355.

Wet places, very abundant around Cliarleston, South Carolina : prol)a-
bly introduced from Europe. Stem weak, dilliise, about 2 feet Ion;;;. I']>per
leaves freciuently lernate ; leaflets acute. Involuero 1-3-leaved, sometimes
wanting : leaflets lanceolate, reflexed : involucels G-8-leaved. Elliott. — We
have seen no specimens of this plant from any part of North America.

2. H. ? Califomicum (Hook. & Arn.) : procumbent ; leaves pinnately di-
vided ; segments 8-10, ovate, acute, incisely serrate ; the lower ones piimatitid
or j)innate, with few segments; umbels lateral and terminal; involucres and
involucels many-leaved ; styles elongated. Hook. &f Arn. bol. Beechey,
p. 142.

California, Cai^t. Beechey. — Habit of H. n^pcns of Europe, but is much
larger, with more numerous and more divided piim;e. It appears to depart
from the generic character in having several leaves to the involucre and a
long stj'le. The fruit is essentially tlie same in both. Hook, d^* Arn.

§ 2. Leaves ternatebj or hipinnately divided : involucre and involucels none :
fruit glabrous. — Cycloseermum, DC.

~J- 3. H. leptophj/lltan (DC.) : glabrous, diffuse or somewhat erect ; leaves
temately divided with narrowly linear segments; cauline ones subsessile ;
umbels opposite the leaves, subsessile ; primary rays 2-3 ; partial umbels
pedunculate ; involucres and involucels none. — DC. I mem. soc. Genev. 4, i^'
prodr. 4. p. 105. Sison Ammi, Linn. spec. 1. p. 252, ex DC. Pimpinella
leptophylla, Pers. syn. 1. p. 324. iEthusa leptophylla, Spreng. Umh. prodr.
p. 22 ; ^Nutt. ! gen. 1. p. 190.

/?. 7 latifolium : segments of the leaves broader. — Hook. S^- Arn. hot.
Beechey, suppl. p. 347.

Alluvial soils, Louisiana, Dr. Hale ! Dr. Riddell ! Drummond ! 6cc.
Arkansas, Nuttall! P. California, Douglas. — (I) Stem 6 inches to 2 feet
long, often divaricate, slender. Segments of the leaves almost capillary.
Pedicels i-i inch long. Fruit about the size of a mustard seed.

8. DISCOPLEURA. DC. mem. Umh. p. 38, t. 8 <^-9.

Caly^-teeth subulate, persistent. Petals ovate, entire, vnth a minute in-
flexed point. Fruit ovate, somewhat didymous. Carpels with the 3 dorsal
ribs filiform, prominent and rather acute ; the 2 lateral ones united with a
thick corky accessory margin. Intervals with single vittse. Carpophore
bifid. Seed somewhat terete. — Annual glabrous (North American) herbs.
Leaves much dissected, with setaceous segments. Leaflets of the involucre
pinnately 3-5-parted, or nearly entire. Flowers while.

—f—\. D. capillacea (DC.) : erect or procumbent ; umbels 3-10-rayed ; leaf-
lets of the involucre 3-5, usually 3-cleft ; fruit ovate. — DC ! I. c. t. 8, A, S{
prodr. A. p. 106. Ammi majus, Walt.! Car. j^- 113, notofL//in. A. capil-
laceum, Michx.! ft. 1. p. 164 ; EU. sk. 1. p. 349; Nut(. ! gen. 1. p. 179.
Sison capillaceus, Spreng. ! in Schult. syst. 6. p. 411 ,* Torr. ! Jl. 1. p. 306.

&.? coslata (DC.) : larger; stem simple below; segments of the leaves
somewhat verticillate ; involucre 10-12-leaved ; fruit deeply sulcate. DC.
I. c. t. 8, B. Ammi costatum. Ell. sk. 1. p. 350.

Brackish swamps, rarely far from salt water. Long Island ! to Georgia !
0. Swamps on the Ogeechee River, Georgia, Elliott. July-Oct. — About a

608 UMBELLIFERiE. Leptocaulis.

foot high (/?. 4-5 feet, Ell.). Stem often much branched. Leaves ternately
dissected, with numerous spreading segments. Involucral leaves sometimes
2-3-pinnatifid. Rays of the umliel seldom more tliau 8, an inch or
more long. Umbellets shorter than the involucel. Fruit ovate, rather acute,
about a line and a half in length. — We have not seen the Ammi costatum of
Elliott.

2. D. Nuttallii (DC): erect; umbels about 20-rayed ; leaflets of the
involucre mostly entire ; fruit orbicular. — DC. I. c. t. 9, Sf prodr. 4. p. 107.

Wet prairies, Kentucky [Short!) to Louisiana! and Tampa Bay, East
Florida! west to Texas ! — Plant 2-6 feet high, branching above. Divisions
of the leaves somewhat verticillate. Involucre commonly less than lialf the
length of the rays ; the leaflets sometimes 3-cleft. Fruit smaller than in the
preceding species, rather broader than long.

9. LEPTOCAULIS. Nutt.in DC.mem. Umb.p.39,t.-iO,S^'prodr. A. p. 107.

Margin of the calyx obsolete. Petals elliptical, entire. Fruit crowned
with the styles, laterally compressed, ovate. Carpels with 5 slightly promi-
nent ribs; the lateral ribs marginal. Intervals with single vittse. Commis-
sure with 2 vittse. Carpophore slightly 2-cleft at the summit. Seed convex
on the back, flat on the face. — Erect very slender (North American) glabrous
herbs, with terete stems. Leaves many-cleft ; the segments linear. Um-
bels pedunculate, opposite the leaves and terminal, with few rays. Invo-
lucre none. Rays of the umbellets few and unequal, with a short few-
leaved involucel. Flowers small, white.

* Fruit neither scabrous nor echinate.

1. L. inermis (Nutt.) : fruit unarmed, somewhat rugulose. — Nutt. .' in
DC. mem. I. c. t. 10,/. 2, S^- prodr. 4. p. 107.

Prairies of Arkansas, Nuttall! — Stem about a span high. Involucre
wanting : involucels of 4-6 leaflets, as long as the partial rays. Rays of
the umbel unequal, the longest scarcely half an inch in lengtli, with 1 or 2
short-pedicellate flowers in the centre. Rays of the umbellets 2-3 lines
long. Fruit rather smaller than a mustard seed, slightly ribbed, with minute
intermediate rugse.

* * Fruit muricate or echinate.

7"^' 2. L. diffusus (Nutt.) : fruit muricated with very short somewhat appress-
ed scales ; umbels and umbellets 3-4-rayed ; pedicels filiform, two-thirds as
long as the rays of the umbel. — -Nutt. ! in DC prodr. 4. p. 107.

Prairies of Arkansas, Nuttall ! Texas, Drummond ! — Plant 8-15 inches high,-
very slender and divaricately branched. Rays of the umbel an inch or more
in length. Fruit roughened with minute tubercles, which terminate in short
scales or bristles.

',^3. L. divaricatus (DC.) : fruit muricated with very short somewhat ap-
pressed scales ; umbels 3-6-rayed ; pedicels filiform, half the length of the
rays of the umbel. — DC. mem. I. c. t. 10./. A, Sf prodr. 4. p. 107. Daucus
divaricatus, Walt. Car. p. 114. Sison pusillum, Michx. fl. 1. p. 168 ; Ell.
sk. 1. p. 356. Ammi divaricatum & Ligusticum pusillum, Pers. syn. 1.
p. 308 c!^ 315. ^thusa divaricata, Nutt. ! gen. 1. p. 190.

Dry sandy soils, South Carolina ! and Georgia ! March- April. — Stem 1-2-

CituTA. UMBELLTFER^E. G09

feet liigh, with spreadinc; branches. Involucre wantinc;. Invnluccl of 2-3
minute leaflets. Rays of the unihel 8-14 lines long. Fruit muriratLd, as in
the preceding species.

4. L. pnlcns (Nntt.) : mnrioatc with niiiiutc tul)erclo.s ; rays of the uniln-I
and unibelli'ls (4-d) very unccjual, erecl-sinx-adiiii,'. — Nut(..' in DC. prmlr.
4. ]>. 107.

Prairies of Arkansas, Nuttall ! Louisiana, Dr. Leavenworth! Tc'xa<i,
Drutnmond ! — Stem \-2 feet high, branching above. Rays of tlic umbel
5-10 lines long, of the umbellets 2-4 lines.

'T'S. L. ecJtinaliis (Nniu): fruit echinatc with spreading uncinate bristles;
rays of the umbel 4-6, of the umbellets 6-10, slightly diverging. — NuU. in
DC. prodr. A. p.lQU.

Arkansas, NuUall. Texas, Drummond! About a span high; the branches
somewluu rigid. Rays of the umbel .5-6 lines long, of the umbellets 2-3
lines. Fruit armed with stifl' whitish bristles, which are distinctly uncinate.

10. BUPLEURUM. Tourn. ; Linn.; Koch, Umb. p. 114. /". 51 cV .52;
DC. jfrodr 4. p. 127.

Margin of the calyx obsolete. Petals somewhat orbicular, entire, with a
broad closely inflexed refuse point. Fruit laterally compressed or somewhat
didymous, crowned with the depressed stylopodium. Carpels with 5 ribs,
which are either winged, acute, filiform, or obsolete ; the lateral ones margi-
nal. Intervals with or without viftfc, smootli or graiuilatcd. Seed teretely
convex, flattish on the face. — Herbaceous or shrubby glabrous plants.
Leaves rarely divided, usually by the abortion of the limb and dilatation of
the petiole, changed into entire phyllodia. Involucres various. Flowers
yellow.

1. B. ranunculoides (Linn.): radical leaves linear-lanceolate; cauline
ones clasping, cordate-oblong, striate; involucre about 3-leaved, unequal;
leaflets of the involucel 5, ovate, rnucronate, nerved, distinct. DC. — Linn,
spec. 1. p. 237 ; DC. prodr. 4. ^;. 131 ; Hook.fl. Bor.-Am. 1. /;. 263. B. an-
gulosum, Spreng.; Hook. S^ Am. hot. Bccchey, p. 124.

Cape Mulgrave in Behring's Straits, Lay Sf Collie.

-J- 2. B. rotundifolium (Linn.) : leaves broadly ovate, entire, perfoliate ; in-
' volucre none; "involucels of 5 ovate mucroiiate leaflets; fruit with very
slender ribs; intervals smooth, mostly without vitt;c. — Linn. spec. 1. p. 236 ;
Ensl. hot. t. 99 ; Beck, hot. p. 145 ; Darlingt. Jl. Cest. p. 191.

Fields and cuhivated grounds. New York ; Chester County, Pennsylvania,
Darlington ; Orange County, North Carolina, Schweinitz. — (T) Stem 1-2
feet high, branching. Leaves 1-2 inches long, glaucous beneath, perlbrated
by the^stem excenlrically. Umbels of 5-9 rays. Involucels rather longer
\han the umbellets. Flowers greenish-yellow.— il/o(/es/^. Thorough-wax.

11. CICUTA. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 195 ; DC. prodr. 4. p. 99.

Margin of the calyx 5-ioothed ; tlie teeth somewhat foliaceous. Petals ob-
cordate ; the point inflexed. Fruit roundish, laterally contracted, didymous.
Carpels with 5 flattish etpial ribs ; the lateral ones marginal. Intervals filled
with single vittffi. Commissure ^vith 2 vittae. Carpophore 2-parted. Seed

77

610 UMBELLIFERiE. Sium.

terete. — Aquatic perennial glabrous (poisonous) herbs, with terete fistulous
stems. Leaves 3-pinnately or 3-ternately divided. Involucre few-leaved
or none. Involucels many-leaved. Flowers white.

1. C. virosa (Linn.) : trunk of the root and lower part of the stem hollow
and divided by transverse partitions ; leaves tripinnately divided ; segments
lanceolate, serrate ; umbels opposite the leaves and terminal. DC. — Linn,
spec. 1. p. 255 ,• Engl. hot. t. 1191 ; DC.prodr.4. p. 99 ; Hoolc. fl. Bor.-
Am. l.p. 259.

Woody country, British America, between lat. 54° and 64°, Dr. Richard-
son, Drunwiond. — We have no North American specimens. Like the fol-
lowing species, it is exceedingly poisonous.

.- 2. C. maculata (Linn.) : root with thick oblong fleshy fibres ; stem
streaked with purple ; leaves biternately divided ; segments lanceolate, mu-
cronatelv serrate ; uinbels terminal and axillary. — Linn.! I.e.; Pursh, Ji.
1. p. 195 ; Ell. sk. l.p. 357 ; Bigd.lfl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 115, S^-med. hot. 1.
t. 12; Torr.! fl.l. |>. 308.

Swamps, Canada ! to Georgia ! and Louisiana ! West to Oregon. July-
Aug. — Stem 4-8 feet high, finely striate with green and purple, and some-
times spotted (in the shade often wholly green). Lower leaves on long
petioles ; the terminal division quinate or pinnate ; segments more or less
broadly lanceolate, all of them petiolulate, the primary veins running to the
notches (instead of the ptoints) of the serratures (as first noticed by Dr.
Darlington). Rays of the umber long and slender. Involucre usually
none, or of 1-2 small leaflets. Involucels of 5-6 short linear leaves. Fruit
about a line and a half in diameter, aromatic and somewhat resembling
anise. Ribs broad, filled with a white cellular substance ; the lateral ones
much broader than the others. — Water Hemlock. Spotted Cowbane. Beaver
Poison. Musquash. — The root is highly poisonous to men and cattle: the
herb also is said to be poisonous.

f" 3. C. hulhifera (Linn.) : root with thick oblong fleshy fibres ; axils of the
branches bulbiferous ; leaves biternately divided ; segments linear and linear-
lanceolate, remotely toothed ; umbels terminal and axillary. — Linn. ! spec.
1. p. 255 ; Michx. .' Ji. I. p- 165 ; Nult. gen. I. p. 192 ; DC. .' prodr.
4. p. 99.

Swamps, Canada ! to Pennsylvania ! August. — Stem 2-4 feet high,
slender; the axils of the branches bearing small verticillate bulbs. Leaves
usually very finely divided (especially in the infertile stems), with linear
segments scarcely a line wide. Umbel with rather short slender rays. Fruit
(according to Nuttall) scarcely distinguishable from that of the preceding
species. — A somewhat rare plant, often sterile, and sometimes also without
bulbs.

12. SIUM. Linn, (partly) ; Koch, Umb. p. 117; DC. prodr. 4. p. 124.

Margin of the calyx 5-toothed or obsolete. Petals obovate, emarginate,
with an inflexed point. Fruit ovate, or subglobose and compressed at the
sides, or contracted and somewhat didymous, crowned with the depressed
stylopodium and recurved styles. Carpels with 5 rather obtuse ribs. Inter-
vals usually with several vittae. Carpophore 2-parted. Seed somewhat
terete. — Perennial mostly aquatic herbs. Leaves pinnately divided ; the
segments usually ovate or lanceolate, toothed or serrate : submerged leaves
aivided into numerous capillary segments. Umbel many-rayed. Umbellets

SiuM. umbellifer;e. ,;ii

with numnrou9 flowers. Involucre many- (or rarely 1-) Icavrti. Flowers
white. — Water Parsnep.

1. S. lalij(jliuni (h'lnu.): root creepine; ; stem sulcate-aiicnlar ; sepinenfa
of the leaves lanceolate, acuminat*-, serrate, rarely pitinatifid; involiirre
many-leaved; teeth of the calyx elon^^aled. DC. — Linn. sprc. 1. p. 'jr,l ;
Bi^el.fi. Bast. ed. 2. p. Ill ; Torr. ! J\. 1. ;;. ;ni ; DC. prudr. 4. p. lu'4 •
Hook. Ji. Bor.-Am. \.p. 2(i2. S. occideiUale, ISutt. mss.

0. leaflets deeply incisely serrate. Hook.! I. c. — S. argrmim, T^'utt. mss.

Swamps, liriti.sh America (Saskatchawan), to New Jersey ! and Penn-
sylvania [Muhlenberg). Oreeon, IS'uttall. (i. Straits of J)a Kuca, Dr.
Scolder ! — We have not recently had an opportunity of examining; this plant
in a livinc; state, and, unfortunately, our specimens are without fruit. Mr.
Nuttall distinguishes the American plant from the Euroj)ean species by its
minute calyx-teeth, much smaller fruit, and acuminate leaflets ; hut in our
(flowering) specimens the calyx-teeth are not much smaller tJian in the
European plant, and the leaflets are not more acuminate.

-r- 2. S. lineare (Michx.) : stem sulcate-ansjular ; segments of the leaves (4-
6 pairs) linear-lanceolate and linear, acutely and Hnely serrate ; leaflets of
the involucre 5-6, linear-lanceolate ; calyx-teeth minute ; fruit obovate. —
Michx. ! Jl. I. p. 167 ; Null. gen. I. p. 186 (excl. syn. Pursh) ; Torr. I fl. 1.
p. 311 ; DC. ! prodr. 4. p. 125 ; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 262. S. tenuifij-
lium, Muhl.! cat. S. latifolium, Dnrlingt. fl. Ccst. p. 190.'

p. intermedia : leaves rather broadly lanceolate.

Swainps, Canada ! to New Jersey ! and Pennsj'lvania ! Indiana, Dr.
Short ! Lake Huron, Dr. Todd. Oregon, Dr. Scoultr ! Douglas. H. Middle
Florida, Dr. Chapman ! — Stem 2-5 feet high. Segments of the leaves usu-
ally linear-lanceolate,^ but often linear and 1-3 lines wide. Rays of the
umbel about 20. Leaflets of the involucre sometimes 2-cleft. Calyx-teeth
very minute and partly concealed by the projecting margin of the stylopo-
dium, sometimes nearly obsolete. Petals broadly obcordate, with a rather
blunt inflexed point. Fruit strongly ribbed. Intervals usually with single
vittae, but sometimes with 2, which are closely approximated or confluent.
Commissure with 2 vitt». — This species is by many botanists considered as
a variety of S. latifolium ; but our European si)ecimens of that plant difl'er
in the broader segments of the leaves, the elongated lanceolate calyx-teeth,
broader (almost orbicular) fruit, and in the greater number of vitta". The
S. lineare, in its few vittte, deviates indeed from the generic character of Slum,
as given by Koch and De CandoUe. It nearly approaches S. lancifolium,
Bieberst, but diflfers in the fruit.

3. S. pusillum (Nutt. ! mss.) : " root creeping; segments of the lower leaves
oblong or ovate ; of the upper ones linear, short, incisely serrate, with few
scrraturcs ; involucre few^-leaved ; rays of tlie umbel 6-7 ; calyx-teeth
obsolete.

" Wappatoo Island, Oregon. — Plant 6-8 inches high. Segments of the
leaves about 4 pairs ; the terminal one sometimes 3-lobed." Nuttall. — Our
spechi],en is w'ithout fruit.

t Doubtful Species.

4. iS. ? Douglasii (DC.) : stem terete ; lower segments of the leaves 3-cleft ;
the others petiolulate, ovate-oblong, coarsely serrate ; umbels ojjjiosite the
leaves and terminal, pedunculate, many-rayed; involucre none. — DC. prodr.
A. p. 125 ; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. I. p. 263.

North West America, Douglas. Lower leaves a foot and a half long. —

612 UMBELLIFEUiE. Neuropiiyllum.

Described by De Candolle from sperimens (without mature fruit) collected
in the garden of the London Horticultural Society. Hooker asks wliether it
may not be Cicuta maculata in a luxuriant state.

13. EDOSMIA. NiM. mss.
Atasnia, Hook. ^ Am.
Margin of the cah'x distinctly 5-toothed ; the teeth lanceolate, persistent-
Petals broadly obcordate, with a long inflexed point. Stylopodium small,
depressed. Styles filiform, deflexed. Fruit oblong or roundish-ovate,
laterally compressed. Carpels Avith 5 filiform equal slightly prominent
ribs ; the lateral ones marginal. Intervals filled with single thin vittae.
Commissure narrow, Avith 2 vittEe. Carpophore free, 2-cleft. Seed semi-
terete, nearly plane on the face. — Glabrous perennial herbs ; the root bearing
several oblong edible tubers. Stem terete, slender, with few ternately or
simply pinnately divided leaves ; the segments narrowly linear. Involucre
none or minute. Involucels very small, of several setaceous leaflets. Fruit
resembling in taste that of Cicuta maculata.

" Allied to Carum, particularly to C. Bulbocastanum." Nutt. — We have scarcely
a doubt of the identity of this genus and Ataenia of Hooker and Arnott ; but wo
know not how these acute botanists ovei'looked the vittte (which in our specimens
are abundantly distinct), unless they examined very immature fruit. The name
Atsenia being therefore altogether inapplicable, we have felt obliged to adopt
that proposed by Mr. Nuttall ; trusting that our esteemed friends who first des-
cribed the genus, will accord with us as to the propriety of doing so.

- ' E. Gairdneri.

a. fruit broadly oval. — Ataenia Gairdneri, HooTc. S^' Am. hot. Beechey,
suppl. J)- 349. Edosmia montana & praealta, Nutt. ! mss.

0. fruit ovate-oblong. — Edosmia Oregana, Nutt. ! mss.

California, Douglas! Plains of the Oregon and Wahlamet, and Rocky
Mountains, Nuttall! Wappatoo Island, Oregon, Nuttall! — " Root bearing
1—2 (in p. 3—4) oblong-cylindrical tubers, which are sometimes pendulous by
a narrow neck." Nutt. Stem 1^-4 feet high, in the tallest specimens
scarcely as large as a goose-quill at the base, somewhat branched above, the
upper part nearly naked, very smooth and even. Lower leaves on petioles
of inoderate length, which are somewhat dilated and sheathing at the base ;
the upper ones often undivided : segments almost filiform-linear. Umbels
on long slender peduncles ; the rays 6-12, an inch or more in length. Invo-
lucre either none, or consisting of several short subulate leaflets. Involucel
of 7-9 leaflets, about two-thirds the length of the pedicels. Flowers white,
slightly tinged with yellow or red. Fruit rather more than a line long (in /?.
longer), contracted at the commissure. Vittte broad, filling up the whole
space between the ribs, in p. often tumid.

14. NEUROPHYLLUM.

Margin of the calyx 5-toothed ; the teeth lanceolate, persistent. Petals
obovate, with an inflexed point. Stylopodium conical. Styles short, diverg-
ing. Fruit ovate, laterally compressed : dorsal ribs filiform, scarcely promi-
nent : lateral ones marginal and keeled. Intervals with 3 Adttae;- Commissure

Cryptotje.ma. UMBELLIFERiT:. 013

v-ith 4 vittje. Seed teretely convex, nearly plane on the face. — A tali ami
slender perennial glabrous herb. Leaves simply teniately divided ; the
segments very long, linear, entire ; the under surface prominently 3-.5-nerved :
upper ones undivided. Umbels with lon^i; slender rays. Involucre of 2-4
subulate leaves, or nearly wanting. Involucels 5-G-leaved. Flowers
white.

N. longifulium.

Swamps near Newbem, North Carolina, Mr. Cromn ! Dr. Loomis !
Middle Florida, Mr. Croom! Sept. — Sitrns ,'5-4 feet hich, smaller in
diatnetcr than a crow-quill at the base, ])rominently striate al)ove. Radical
leaves on narrow petioles, which are a f(X)t or more in length, and scarcely
at all dilated at the base : segments 5-8 inches long, and l-2i lines wide,
tapering at each end, strongly margined, and marked with (usually 3) thick
pale nerves underneath. Rays of the umbel 10, about 2 inches long. Fruit
(not mature) about li line in length, glabrous, crowned with the large stylo-
podium, and persistent calyx-teeth. — Except in the fruit, this |»lant agrees so
minutely with the descii])tion of Pcucedanum ternatum, JShH. fitti. 1. p.
182 (now referred to Archemora), and being also abundant near iN'ewbern,
the original locality of that plant, that we had supposed it must be the same,
aTtributinff the discrepancy in the fruit to our specimens not being suffi-
ciently mature ; but Mr. Nuttall and Dr. Pickering, having compared the
two plants, assert that they are totally distinct. We have not seen the
Archemora ternata ; but the present plant cannot belong to that genus, nor to
any other with which we are ac(|uainied. Perhaps it rather belongs to the
tribe Seselinea- than to Ammineie.

1.5. CRYPTOTjENIA. DC. mem. Umh. p. 42, S^- x>ro(lr. 4. ;?. 118.

Margin of the calyx obsolete. Petals obcordate, with an indexed narrow
point. Fruit linear-oblong, or ovate-oblong, contracted at the sides, crowned
with the short stylopodium and straight styles. Carpels witli 5 equal fili-
form obtuse ribs ; the lateral ones nearly marginal. Vittae very narrow, one
beneath each rib and one in each interval. Seed somewhat teretely convex ;
the face slightly concave. Carpophore free, 2-cleft. — Perennial glabrous
erect herbs. Root consisting of fasciculate fibres. Leaves 3-parted ; the
segments ovate, entire, or (particularly the radical ones) 2-3-lobed, doubly
serrate, with coarse mucronate teeth. Umbels numerous, somewhat pani-
cled. Pi-ays of the umbel and umbellets very unequal. Involucre none.
Involucels few-leaved. Flowers white.

•^ 1. C. Canadensis (DC.) : umbels opposite the upper leaves and terminal;
fruit oblonsr-elliptical.— X)C. .' frodr. 4. p. 119; Hook. .' Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p.
262 ,• Darlinst.fl. Cest. p. 169. Sison Canadense, Linn.! spec. 1. p. 252;
Michx. I Jl. 1. p- 168 ; Bigel. Jl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 114. Slum Canadense,
Lam. diet. 1. p. 407. Chaerophyllum Canadense, Pers. sijn. 1. p. 320 ;
Pursh, Jl. 1. f. 195 ; Ell. sTc. 1. p. 358. Myrrhis Canadensis, yutt. ! gen.
1. p. 192 ; Spreng. in Schult. syst. 6. p. 516 ; Torr.! Jl. 1. p. 310. Myrrhis
Canadensis trilobata, iV/om. //ts<. 9. <. 11, /. 4.

Woods and shady rich soils, Canada! to Georgia and Louisiana! June-
Sept.— Stem 2 feet high, branching above. Leaves membranaceous ; the

614 UMBELLIFER^. Zizia.

segments 2-4 inches long and 1-2 inches wide, acute. Fruit one-third of an
inch long, dark olive when mature, with paler slightly prominent ribs,
crowned with the styles, which are about one-third the length of the carpels.

16. ZIZIA. Koch, Umb. p. 129 ; DC. inodr. 4. p. 99. (excl. spec.)
Pentacrypta, Lehm. ?

Margin of the calyx obsolete, or with 5 very short teeth. Petals oblong,
with a long inflexed point. Fruit contracted laterally, somewhat didymous,
roundish or oval. Carpels with 5 filiform more or less prominent (but not
winged) equal ribs ; the lateral ones marginal : intervals with 1-3 vittae.
Commissure with 2-4 vittaBi Carpophore 2-parted. Seed very convex on
the back, flat on the face. — Perennial (North American) herbs. Leaves
ternately or biternately divided; the segments oblong or ovate. Involucre
none. Involucels few-leaved. Flowers yellow.

§ 1. Carpels with prominent ribs: intervals with single vittae: commissure
with 2 vitM. — EuziziA.

1, Z. aurea (Koch) : segments of the leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrate; the
terminal one attenuate at the base. — DC. ! prodr. 4. p. 100 ; HooTc. ! ji.
Bor.-Am. I. p. 260; Dariingt.! ji. Cest. p. 185. Smyrnium aureum,
Linn. spec. 1. p. 262; Michx. ! fl. 1. p. 171; Ell. sk. 1. p. 359. Sison
aureus, Spreng. in Schvlt. syst. 6. p. 410 ; Torr. ! fl. 1. p. 305.

Woods and'rocky hill-sides, Canada ! to Georgia! and Louisiana! May.

Stem 1-2 feet high, branching towards the summit. Segments of the

leaves 1-3 inches long ; the lateral ones abruptly narrowed at the base ; the
serratures with callous points. Umbel 10-15-rayed : partial rays 2-3 lines
in length. Involucels of 2-3 very small leaflets. Fruit elliptical, blackish
when'mature ; the ribs angularly elevated. — We have from Mr. Nuttall and
Mr. Schweinitz specimens of a Zizia (without fruit) from North Carolina,
which they suppose to be the Sison trifoliatum of Michaux, and which the
former botanist considers a distinct species (Z. trifoliata, Nutt. mss.) ; but we
cannot distinguish it from some forms of undoubted Z. aurea. The S. trifo-
liatum, Michx., according to his own herbarium, seems not to be distinct from
his Smyrnium aureum.

§ 2. Carpels with slightly prominent ribs : intervals with-3 vittce : cominissure
with 4 vitt(S. — T^NiDiA.

r 2. Z. integerrima (DC): segments of the leaves oblong-ovate, entire.—
DC. ! in mem. hist. nat. Gencv. 4, S^- jnodr. 4. p. 100 ; Dariingt. fl. Cest. p.
187. Smyrnium integerrimum, Linn. ! spec. 1. p. 263 ; Michx. ! I. c. ;
Ell. I c. ; Nutt. gen. 1. p. 195. Sison integerrhnus, Spreng. l. c. ; Torr. !
fl. 1. p. 305. ^ . , »

Rocky woods and hill-sides, Michigan ! New York ! to Georgia and Ar-
kansas ! May-June.— Plant glabrous and slightly glaucous, 1-2 feet high.
Leaves 2-3-ternately divided ; the segments about an inch long, sometimes,
especially the terminal one, 2-3-lobed. Umbels on slender peduncles; the
rays long and slender. Involucels minute, of 1-3 subulate leaflets. Calyx
minutely 5-toothed ; the teeth at length deciduous. Fruit roundish-ovate,
dark brown, nearly two lines long ; the ribs very slightly prominent except

TiiASPiuM. UMBELLIFERiE. (ila

in the dried state. — The fruit of this s])eeies, as well as its general appear-
ance, diflers so much from the preceding that it should probably be Bcim-
rated as a distinct genus.

Tribe IV. SESELINE/E. Koch ; DC.

Transverse section of the fruit orhieuhir or n(>arly so. Carpcia
•with 5 filiform or winged ribs, of which the lateral ones arc mar-
ginal, and either equal with or a little broader than tiic others.
Intervals with one or more vittie, very rarely without any. Scrd
somewhat teretely convex on the back, llattish on the face. — Umbels
perfectly compound.

17. THASPIUM. Null. gen. 1. 'p. 19G ; DC. i^rodr. 4. p. 153.

Calyx-teeth lanceolate, or nearly obsolete. Petals elliptical, attenuated
into a long jnflexed point. Styles slender, as lono; as the ovary, somewhat
diverging. Fruit not contracted at the sides, elliptical. Carpels convex,
with 5 winged mostly equal ribs. Intervals striate, with single vitts. Com-
missure with 2 vittas. Seed somewhat. terete. — Perennial herbs. Leaves
ternately or biternately divided ; the radical ones sometimes undivided.
Umbels terminal and opposite the leaves, without an involucre. Involucels
.3-leaved, lateral. Flowers yellow or purple.

These plants accord in habit with Zizia (Z. aurea), from which Thaspium
aureum is only to be distinguished by the fruit. Should the character of tlio genus
be extended so as to include Zizia aurca, the latter name (Koch's cliaracter being
changed), miglit be retained for Z. (Ttenidia) integerrima, which on this account
we have still left in connexion with Zizia.

1. T. cordatum: radical leaves usually simple, cordate, crenalely toothed;
cauline ones ternately divided ; the segments ovate or ovate-oblong, serrate ;
winged ribs of the carpels ecjual.

a. flowers yellow. — Smyrnium cordatum, Walt. Car. p. 114: Michx.f
Jl. 1. p. 170 ,• EU. sic. 1. p. 359 ; Torr. ! Jl. 1. p. 307. S. trifoliatum, Null,
gen. 1. p. 195, excl. syn. Linn. Zizia cordata, Koch, Umb. p. Ii29, ex DC.
prodr. 4.7>. 100; Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. l.p. 260 ; Darlingt. Jl. Cest. p. 18G;
Hook. Sf Am. hot. Beechcy, siippl. p. 347.

I3. flowers dark purple.— Thapsia trifoliala, Linn..' spec. 1. p. 262.- Smyr-
nium atropurpureum, Lam. diet. 3. p. G67 ; Pursh.Jl. 1. p. 196. Thas[)ium
atropurpureum, Nutt. ! gen. 1. p. 196; DC. prodr.^ 4. p. 154. Cnidium
atropurpureum, Spreng. in Schull. syst. 6. p. 418 ; Torr.! Jl. 1. p. 307.

Woods, particularly along the banks of rivers, and in fields, Canada !
and Saskatchawan, to Florida ! and Louisiana ! Oregon, Mr. Tolmir. /?.
New Jersey ! and Pennsylvania ! May-Jiuic.— Plant 1-2 feet hi-h, usually
glabrous, but sometimes minutely puljesceut- Radical kcivcs 1-4 inches in
diameter, sometimes lobed or 2-:3-parted, on long petioles; tlie lower cauline
ones on petioles 1-2 inches long; the uppermost ones nearly sessile : segments
1-3 inches long. Umbels with 9-12 rays, which are thick anil scarcely
more than an inch in length. Umbellets crowded. Involucels of 1-3 minute
leaflets. Flowers in /?. at tirst greenish, but at length dark purple. Fruit
broadly ovate, dark purple with pale marginal ribs; tiit conuni-vsurc broad.

616 UMBELLIFER^. CEna.nthe.

with 2 conspicuous vitt;e. — The two varieties of this plant are generally con-
sidered as distinct species, and have even been referred to different genera
by many botanists ; but a careful examination has convinced us that they
scarcely differ except in the color of the flowers. The specific name of
Linnaeus is so inapplicable tbat we have thought it inexpedient to substitute
it for the very appropriate one given by Walter, which has been generally
employed.

-'^'^2. T. aureum (Nutt.) : stem "rlabrous at the nodes ; leaves all bitemately
' divided ; segments oblong-lanceolate, cuneate at the base, dentate-serrate ;
the margin of the serratures cartilaginous ; carpels with the winged ribs near-
ly equal. — Nutt. gen. 1. |?. 196. (excl. syn. ?)

Pennsylvania ? Springfield, Ohio, Mr. T. G. Lea ! — Plant apparently
3-4 feet high, glabrous. Stem branching, finely sulcate. Cauline leaves on
short petioles; the segments somewhat rhombic-lanceolate, 2-2^ inches
long; the lateral ones sessile; the terminal one on a long petiolule. Princi-
]ml umbel of about 10 rays; the rays ^n inch or more in lenglh. Involucel
of 2-3 short setaceous leaflets, or none. Fruit about li line long: all the
ribs conspicuously winged. — This species agrees minutely with the descrip-
tion of Nuttall's T. aureum (the locality of which is not given), and more-
over appears to be a genuine Thaspium. It is probably rare, as we have
only received it from a single locality.

-^' 3. T. harhinode (Nutt.) : stem pubescent at the nodes ; leaves 2-3-ter-
' nately compound ; segments cuneate-ovate, unequally and incisely serrate,
entire at the base ; fruit elliptical or ovate ; the 3 dorsal wings usually alter-
nately narrower. — Nutt.! gen. 1. p. 196; DC! j^rodr. 4. p. 154; Dar-
lingt.fi. Cest. p. 192. Ligusticum barbinode, Miclix. ! fi. 1. p. 167 ; Pursh,
fl. l.p. 193. Thapsia trifoliata, {Mill.?) Spreng. iri Schult. syst. 6. p. 615 ;
Torr. fl. 1. p. 317. Apii species fl. luteis, Gronov.! Virg. ed. 1.
/?. leaflets small ; fruit narrowly and equally winged.
Banks of rivers, Chippewa, Upper Canada ! to Georgia ! Kentucky !
and Arkansas ! Florida, Dr. Chapman. ! June. — Plant yellowish-green.
Stem about 2 feet high, branching above ; the nodes and base of the
petioles usually more pubescent. Leaves mostly bilernately divided ; the
upper ones usually opposite : segments 1-2 inches long, (in li. about half an
inch) ; the base, particularly of the terminal one, more or less cuneate, but
sometimes obtuse. Umbels terminal (alar) as well as opposite the upper
leaves, on peduncles 1-3 inches long : rays half an inch in length. Involucre
usually wanting, but sometimes of 1-2 linear leaflets : involucels 3-4-leaved.
Flowers deep yellow. Styles nearly erect, as long as the ovary. Fruit 2-3
lines long : one of the carpels usually with only the dorsal and the marginal
ribs strongly winged ; the other with the two intermediate and the marginal
ribs winged : sometimes, however, all the ribs are equally winged.

18. CENANTHE. Linn, (partly) ; Lam. ill. t. 203 ; DC. prodr. 4. p. 136.

CEnanthe & Phellandriuni, Linn.

Calyx-teeth lanceolate. Petals obcordate, with an inflexed point. Fruit
cylindrical-ovate, crowned with the straight styles. Carpels more or less
corky, with 6 convex obtuse ribs ; the lateral ones marginal and broader. In-
tervals with single vittse. Carpophore indistinct. — Glabrous herbs. Involucre
various, often none. Involucels many -leaved. Flowers wliite ; those of the
circumference sterile and on long pedicels ; the central ones sessile or near-
ly so, and fertile.

./Etiiusa. I'MHELLlFERiE. tiiy

1. CE. sarmcntosa (Nutt. ! mss.) : " root fibrous; stem weak, stolonir»roiis ;
leaves bipiniiately dividod ; segments ovate, acute; ineisely si-rratc ; ilic
lower and terminal ones often 8-cleft ; umbels terminal, and (ipprisite the
leaves, many-rayed; involucre none or fow-Uavcd ; fruit cylindrical-ob-
long; styles long and somewhat diverging. — j'licllandrium a(|uaticum,
Pursh,Ji. 1. p. 195? excl. syn.

" Ponds and inundated places, Oregon, abmidant.— Tiie stalks when young
are eaten raw by the Indians, and liave a i;(K)d deal the taste of Celery."
NitttalL. — Fruit about 2 lines long, somewhat corky; Commissure with 2
vitta;. Styles nearly as long as the carpels. Styloptidium small, conical.

19. CYNOSCIADIUM. DC viem. Umh. j). 44, /. 11, S^-jnodr. 4. Jb. 160.

Calyx-teeth subulate, persistent. Petals ovate or nearly orbicular, entire,
with a short inflexed point. Styldpodiurhi conical. Styles very short, re-
curved. Fruit ovate. Carpels with 5 thick obtuse ribs, of whicii the lateral
ones are united with a thick corky accessory border. Intervals witli single
vittie. Commissure with 2 \ittaj. Seed tcrelely convex on the back, rather
flat on the face. Carpophore free, 2-parted. — Glabrous (North American)
annuals, with angular stems. Cauline leaves pinnately or palmately divid-
ed ; the segments linear or linear-lanceolate : radical leaves undivided.
Involucre aud involucels few-leaved. Flowers white.

'^ 1. C. digitatum (DC): lower leaves digitately 6-parted ; upper one.4
3-parted ; petals ovate, with an inflexed point ; fruit contracted into a nbek
near the summit ; dorsal ribs very prominent. — DC. ! man. I. c. t. 11, f. A,
Sf])rodr. 4. p. 141.

Borders of ponds, and wet prairies, Arkansas, Nuttali ! Louisiana, Dr.
Hale! Prof. Carpenter! Texas, Dr. Leavenworth! May-.lune. — Stem
1-2 feet high, slender, somewhat branching above. Radical leaves often
entire, and narrowly lanceolate. Umbels G-lO-rayed. Involucre of 5-6
linear leaflets. Fruit about 2i lines long; the accessory margin very con-
spicuous. Intervals deep and narrow.

— 2. C. jnnnatum {jyC): leaves pinnately divided; segments 2-."3 pairs;
distant ; the terminal one very long ; petals nearly orbicular, obtuse ; fruit
dvate-oblong ; the ribs slightly elevated. — DC. ! I. c. t. 11, /. B, &(■ prodr.
A. p. 141.

Wet prairies, Arkansas, Nuttali ! Dr. Pitcher ! Dr. Leavenworth ! Texas,
Drummond ! — Radical leaves often entire, or with 1-2 small pairs of seg-
ments. Flowers larger than in the preceding species. Fruit not attenuated
at the sununit ; the ribs convex, with shallow intervals.

20. ^THUSA. Linn.; Koch, Umh. p. Ill ; DC. prodr. 4. p. 141.

Calyx-teeth obsolete. Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point.
Fruit ovate-globose. Carpels witli 5 acutely cju-inaled ribs ; the lateral ones
marginal and a little broader. Intervals deeply acute-angled, witli single
vittse. Commissure with 2 vitta;. Seed teretely-convex an the back, rather
flat on the face. Carpophore 2-parted. — Annual erect poisonous herbs--
Leaves many-cleft. Involucre none, or 1-leaved. Involucels 1-3-5-leaved;

lateral, spreading or pendulous. Flowers white.

78

618 UMBELLIFER^. Ligusticum.

f" 1. ^i. Cynapium (Linn,) : segments of the leaves rather obtuse; involu-
' ere none ; involucels 3-leaved, mostly lono;er than the partial umbels, pen-
dulous; vittse of the commissure distant at the base. DC. — Linn, sjjec. I. p.
256 ; Engl. hot. t. 1192 ; Bigel. Jl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 113 ; Beck, hot. p. 145 ;
DC. prodr. 4. p. 141.

Road sides and cultivated grounds, near Boston, Bigelow ! Essex County,
Massachusetts, Mr. Oakes ! Amherst, in the same State, Rev. Mr. HoltonJ
July-Aug. — Stem about 2 feet high, striate, not spotted. Leaves 2-3-pinnate-
ly divided, with narrow cuneate segments. Leaflets of the involucels linear.
— The whole plant has an unpleasant smell, and is said to be poisonous. —
FooVs Parsley.

21. LIGUSTICUM. Linn.; Koch, Umh. p. 104,/. 44-47 ; DC. prodr. I.e.

Calyx-teeth minute or obsolete. Petals with very short claws, obovate,
eraarginate, with an inflexed point. Fruit somewhat terete or slightly com-
pressed laterally. Carpels with 5 acute equal somewhat winged ribs ; the
lateral ones marginal. Intervals and commissure with numerous vittee.
Carpophore 2-parted. Seed somewhat semiterete. — Mostly perennial herbs.
Leaves ternately or 2-3-temately divided. Involucre various. Involucels
many-leaved. Flowers white. — Loveage.

1. L. Scoticum (Linn.): stem nearly simple, striate; leaves biternate ;
segments rhombic-ovate, coarsely dentate-serrate ; involucre 4-6-leaved ;
calyx distinctly 5-toothed. — Linn. sped. p. 250 : Engl. Bot. t. 1424 ; Michx.
fl.l.p.l66 ; Pursh, ft. 1. p. 166 ; Bigel. ! jl. Bost. ed. 2. p. Ill ; Torr. !
Ji. I. p. 312 ; DC. prodr. i. p. 157; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 265.

Borders of salt marshes, Labrador! Newfoundland! and Canada! to
Massachusetts ! North West Coast, from Behring's Straits to the mouth of
the Oregon ! — Root fusiform, perennial. Stem 1-2 feet high, flexnous.
Leaflets l-2i inches long, entire and cuneate at the base, somewhat shining.
Fruit about 4-5 lines long, narrowly elliptical ; the intervals with 3, the com-
missure with 6 vittffi. Styles very short, diverging.

■■' "2. L. actmfolium (Michx.): leaves triternately divided; segments ovate,
■ equally dentate-serrate ; umbels numerous, forming a loose naked somewhat
verticillate panicle ; involucre and involucels of 2-4 short subulate leaflets ;
fruit ovate-oblong ; intervals with 3 vitta; ; the commissure with 6 vittse ;
calyx-teeth minute ; styles very short. — Michx. ! Jl. I. p. 166 ,• Pursh, Jl,
Jl. 1. p. 193. Thaspium actc-eifolium, Nutt. ! gen. 1. p. 196 ,• DC. prodr.
4. p. 155. Angelica lucida. Ell. sk. 1. p. 35? not of Linn. A. lobata,
Walt. Car. p. 115/ Ferula Canadensis, Linn. spec. l.p. 247. {fl. Grvnov.!
not oihort. Ups.) Angelica lucida Canadensis, &c. Gronov. ! Virg. ed. 1.

Banks of the St. Lawrence, Mc/ja^a-/ Virginia, near Staunton, Pursh.
Woods near Salem, North Carolina, Schweinitz! Milledgeville, Georgia,.
Dr. Boykin! Mountains of Rock Castle River, Kentucky, Dr. Short.'—
Plant 3-6 feet high. Root large, " with the strong odor of Angelica." Short.
Leaves mostly radical : primary divisions of the petiole elongated and naked
at the base (3-4 inclies long) ; segments broadly ovate, 2-3 inches long, the
terminal one often 3-parted. Umbels on long verticillate peduncles, all but
the terminal one usually abortive or nearly so (as in Peucedanum verticil-
lare, Koch). Fruit (immature) about 2 lines long.— The Southern plant is
possibly distinct from that of Canada; but the two agree minutely m the
fruit. Mr. Schweinitz thinks it is the true No7ido or White-root of the
Southern States, the roots of which are a favorite food of hogs.

CoMOSELiNUM. UMBELLIFERil!. (;19

22. CONIOSELINUM. Fij^ch. iii Hoffm. Umb. al. 2. p. IHo. /,/./'. 6.
(ex DC. jtrodr. 4. ]). 1C3.)

Calyx-teeth obsolete. Petals obcordatc or oI)f)v:ite, with ;ui inllexcd jio'mi.
Styles slender, at length reflcxed. Fruit convex, or compressed on the back.
Carpels witli 5 winfred ribs ; the lateral ones twice as broad as tlje olliers and
marginal. Lateral intervals with3vhUE: dorsal ones often with 2 villa-.
Commissure wilh 4-8 unequal vitta;. Carpophore 2-parted. Seed flat on
the face. Biennial glabrous herbs, with branching and fislidous stems.
Leaves with very large inflated petioles, teriiately divided ; the divisions bi-
pinnately parted, with oblong-linoar lobes. Involucre none, or few-leaved.
Involucels of 5-7 linear-subulate leaflets. Flowers white.

1. C. Fischeri (Wimm. 6c Grah.) : fruit elliptical-oblong; dorsal ridges
broadly winged, the dorsal intervals with 2-3 vittie. — " Wimm. (Jj- Grnh. ex
Flora, Apr. 1828, p. 215"; DC. jjrodr. 4. p. 26G. Ligiisticum (uneleni,
Cham. ^" Schlecht. in Linntea, 1. j^' 391. Angelica ibliolis ])ennati(idis,
Gmel.fl. Sibir. 1. j). 195, t. 44.

Labrador, Arctic America, Kotzebue's Sound, and Straits of Da Fuca,
Hooker. Sitcha, Bonsard. — We have seen no American specimens of this
plant. C. Ingricum, Fisch. viss. (which is doubtless tlie same species, and
of which we have an authentic specimen) is a stout plant wilh the habit of
Conium maculatum; the rays of the umbel verv' numerous; the fruit de-
cidedly longer and narrower than in C. Canadense ; with smaller and flatter
vittffi ; of wiiich there are 2-3 in each inter^'al, and 4-G in the conmiissure.

-l- 2. C. ? Canadense : fruit broadly oval ; dorsal ridges narrowly winged ;
vittae 2-3 in the lateral intervals, solitary in the dorsal ones. — Sclinum Cana-
dense, Michx.! fl. l.p. 165; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 192. Cnidium Canadense,
Spreng. in Schult. syst. 6. p. Alb (excl. syn.) ; DC. ])rodr. 4. p. 153.

Shady wet places^ Oneida County, New York, Dr. Kneiskern ! Castlcton,
Vermont, Dr. Tally! Southern Shore of Lake Superior, Dr. Pitcher!
Mouth of the River St. Lawrence, Michaux ! Aug.-Se])t. — Stem 3-5 feet
high, terete, finely striate. Leaves with inflated sheathing petioles; the
divisions pinnately compound; segments pinnatifid ; the lobes linear-oblong.
Umbel of 10-lG rather slender spreading rays, which are about 2i inches
long. Involucre none, or of 2-3 subulate leaflets. Involucels 5-()-leaved,
nearly as long as the umbellets. Styles slender, diverging. Calyx-teeth
nearly obsolete. Petals much spreading, emarginate and somewhat ungui-
culate; the point short and inflexed. Fruit about 2 lines long, much com-
pressed on the back ; the lateral ribs dilated into a conspicuous wing. \'itta'
of the lateral intervals sometimes solitary, but usually 2 and rarely 3. often
anastamosing; those of the commissure at least 4, but often several other shorter
ones, and occasionally another at the margin of the wing. — We refer this
plant to Conioselinum with some doubt ; as the dorsal ribs are but slightly
winged, and the vitta? are less numerous than in the species on which the
genus was founded.

Tribe V. ANGELICEiE. Koch; DC.

Fruit dorsally compressed, with a double winged margin. Carpels
with the 3 dorsal ribs filiform or winged ; the lateral ones dilated

620 UMEELLIFERiE. Angelica.

and forming the winged margins. Seed convex on the back, flattish
on the face. — Umbels compound.

23. ANGELICA. Linn, (partly) ; Hoffm. Umh. 1. j). 158 ; Koch, Umb.
p. 99, /. 20, 21 ,• DC.i->rodr. A. p. 167.

Calyx-teeth obsolete. Petals lanceolate, entire, acuminate ; the point
straight or incurved. Fruit dorsally compressed. Carpels with 3 elevated
filiform dorsal ribs : lateral ribs forming marginal wings. Intervals with
single vittce. Commissure with 2-4 vitt<e. Carpophore 2-parted. Seed
semiterete. — Perennial or biennial herbs. Petiole 3-parted; the divisions
bipinnately divided. Umbels terminal. Involucre none, or few-leaved.
Involucels many-leaved.

1. A. arguta (Nutt. ! mss.) ; " stem striate and glabrous ; divisions of the
leaves pinnately, and some of them bipinnately, divided ; the segments
ovate, glabrous, rather acute, serrate, the terminal one 3-cleft or deeply
3-parted ; involucre and involucels none ; fruit (large) oblong-elliptical."

Wappatoo Island, and near Fort Vancouver, Oregon, Nuttall! — Segments
of the leaves 1-li inch long, sessile, or slightly petiolulate. " Raj^s of the
umbel 50-60. Petals short, elliptical, with a conspicuous inflexed point."
Nutt. Fruit greenish- white, 3 lines long ; the dorsal ribs slightly elevated,
not winged ; lateral ones with wings as broad as the seed. Intervals with
single conspicuotis vittre. Commissure with 2 distant vittre. — Nearly allied
to A. sylvestris, but differs in wanting the involucre and involucels.

2. A. genufiexa (Nutt. ! mss.) : " stem striate and glabrous ; divisions of the
leaves pinnately or bipinnately divided ; the segments ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, unequally and coarsely serrate, sessile ; involucre none ; invo-
lucels about 7-leaved ; fruit nearly orbicular."

With the preceding ; also in mountain rivulets east of Wallawallah,
Nuttall ! — Stem apparently 4-5 feet high. Sheaths of the leaves somewhat
dilated. " Divisions of the leaves, particularly of the lower ones, often angu-
larly deflexed." Leaflets 2-4 inches long, membranaceous, almost incisely
serrate. Umbel of 30-40 elongated slender rays ; the raN's and peduncle
pubescent. Petals obovate, with an inflexed point. Fruit about 2 lines
long ; dorsal ribs slightly elevated ; the lateral ones dilated into . a broad
wing. Commissure with 2 distant vittEe. — We have a specimen (without
fruit) of what appears to be the same plant, collected in Oregon by Dr.
Scouler.

3. A. lucida (Linn.) : leaflets ovate, equal, incisely serrate. Linn, [liort.
Cliff.!) spec. 1. J). 251 ,• Jacq. hort. Vindoh. 3. t. 24, fide Spreng. in Schult.
syst. 6. p. 604 ; DC. prodr. 4. p. 168. Angelica lucida Canadensis, Cornnt.
Canad. t. 197.

Canada, Cornuti. {v. s^i. in herh. Vaillant !) — " Wholly glabrous. Root
an inch thick, with the odor of Parsley, acrid, perishing the second or third
year. Stem 1-2 feet high, about as thick as one's finger, erect or flexuous,
branched, fistulous, striated above. Radical leaves 3-, the cauline 2-pinnate;
leaflets lanceolate or ovate, rather acute, dark green and shining on the upper
surface, very smooth underneath ; the terminal ones confluent. Umbels
and umbellets convex, dense; the rays striated. Involucre of 5 narrow
lanceolate leaflets; those of the involucel equal in number to the rays,
subulate, acuminate. Petals equal, widely spreading, ovate, ^^"ith the

Archanoelica. UMBELLIFKR/E, C21

point acute and inflexetl, of ri dirty white color. F'ilament.s twice as long as
the corolla. ()var\' dee]) frrucii at the suinmil. .Seeds [carpels] ruscoiis. of
a hot tasli', with 3 elevated nearly parallel stria' on one side ; the ixirder
winijed and nicnibraiiaeeoiis." Jdcq. ex Sclnilt. I. c. — This plant has beon
common in the gardens of Europe for 'JOO years, and a])pears to have i)ccr»
introduced by Cornuti, on whose authority alone if stands as a North Ameri-
can species. It is a genuine Anpeliea, aeeordinj; to authejitic speeiniens
whicii we examined in the herbarium of tlu; llurtus CUiJ/'orlianiis, and that
of Vaillant. The segments are ovate, about an inch long, sessile, unc(|ually
serrate, and mostly decurrent or confluent at the base. The rays of the
umbel are unusually thick; the involucels of about 8 lanceolate-spatulate
leaflets. Fruit (immature) ovate : dorsal ribs slightly winged ; the lateral
ones dilated into a distinct wing. Vittiu very large and filled with a pungent
oil. Commissure witii 2 vitta;.

24. ARCHANGELICA. Hoffm. Umb. 1. p. IfiG. /. til. 19, 20; Koch,
nmb. p. 98, /. 17-19, ex DC. j)roilr. 4. p. 1G9.

Calyx-teeth short. Petals elliptical, entire, acuminate, with the ])oinl in-
curved. Fruit somewhat dorsally compressed. Carpels with 3 rather thick
carinated dorsal ribs : lateral ribs dilated into marginal wings. Albumen
not adhering to the pericarp. Vittas very numerous, entirely surrounding
the seed. — Perennial herbs. Leaves usually with large inflated petioles, 3-
parted, with the divisions pinnately or bipinnately divided ; the segments
ovate, toothed or serrate. Involucre almost none. Involucels many-leaved.
Flowers white or greenish.

1. ^. officinalis (Hoffm.): stem glabrous, terete, striate; leaves bipin-
nately divided ; segments subcordate, lobed, acutely serrate, the temiinal
one 3-lobed ; sheaths loose and saccate ; involucel as long as the umbellets.
nC— Hoffm. I. c; DC. prodr. 4. 2^. 169 ; Hook. ft. Bar. -Am. 1. p. 267.
Angelica Archangelica, Linn. ! spec. \. p. 160 ; Engl. hot. t. 2561 ; Cham.
S^' Schlecht. in Linntea, 1. p. 394.

Greenland! and Labrador; also Unalaschka and Bay of Eschsclioltz,
Chamisso. — The plant is not uncommon in gardens.

i — 2. A. Gmelini (DC.) : stem glabrous, terete, striate ; leaves temately
' divided ; segments 3-parted ; the lobes ovate, serrate, cuncate at the base ;
sheaths moderately large ; involucels as long as the flowering umbellets.
DC. prodr. 4. p. 170 ^ Hook. ft. Bor.-Am. \. p. 267. Angelica Gmeleni,
Wormskiold, ex Fisch. Apiuni tcrnatum. Pall, in Spreng. si/st. 1. ;;. 890 .i*
Pleurospermum Gmeleni, Bongard, veg. Sitcha, in mem. acad. St. Petersh.
{ser. 6) 2. p. 141.
Kotzebue's Sound, Fischer, ex DC. Sitcha, Bongard.

-^. A. atropurpurea (HoflTm.) : stem sulcate-striate (dark ])urple); divi-
sions of the leaves bipinnately divided ; segments of the secondary divisions
5-7, the three terminal ones confluent and decurrent at the base, somewhat
acuminate, unequally serrate, membranaceous ; petioles very large and in-
flated ; peduncles nearly glabrous ; fruit glabrous. — Hoffm. umb. 1. p^ 169.
Angelica atropurpurea, ^Linn. ! spec. 1. p. 231 ; Pursh,fl. 1. p. 193 ; Schrdt.
sysi. 6. p. 603 ; Torr. ! ft. 1. ja 316 ; DC! prodr. 4. p. 168 ; Hjok. ft.
Bor.-Am. 1.^. 267; Darlingt. ft. Cest. p. 193. A. triquinata, Michx.! ft.
.1. p. 167 ; Bigcl. ! ft. Bost. ed. 2. p. 110. Imperatoria lucida, Nutt. gcn^
1. p. 181.

622 UMBELLIFERiE. Archangelica.

Moist, low grounds, Canada ! to Pennsylvania ! west to Ohio ! and West-
ern Missouri, Dr. Englemann. May-June. — Stem 4-6 feet high, l-2i
inclies in diameter at the base, fistulous, glaucous. Leaflets 2 or 3 inclies
long and 1-2 inches wide, paler and somewhat glaucous beneath ; the termi-
nal one united with the upper pair, or deeply 3-parted, sessile or abruptly and
slightly petiohdate. Petioles 1-2 inches in diameter. Umbels somewhat
globose after flowering, 6-8 inches or more in diameter ; the ra3^s and pe-
duncle minutely pubescent. Involucre wanting. Involucels of 8-12 short
subulate leaflets. Petals greenish-white, oval, with a subulate reflexed or
incurved point. Fruit nearly 3 lines long, frequently tricarpellary ; the dor-
sal ribs prominent but not winged. Vittaj about 24 ; 8 of which belong to
the commissure. — Common Angelica.

/-- 4. A. hirsuta: stem striate, the summit, with the peduncle and rays of the

' umbel, tomentose-pubescent ; leaves bipinnately divided ; the divisions usu-
ally quinate ; segments ovate-oblong, acute, or somewhat obtuse, equally
serrate, rather thick ; the upper pair connate, but not decurrent at the base ;
lower petioles elongated, dilated at the base ; umbels spreading ; fruit pu-
bescent.— Angelica" hirsuta, Muhl ! cat. ed. 2. 2^. 30. A. triquinata, NutL
gen. 1. jj. 186 ; Schult. syst. 6. p. 604 ; Ell. sk. 1. p. 352 ; IWrr. ! fl.l. p.
315 ; DC. ! prodr. 4. p. 168 ; Hook. fi. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 267 ; DarUngt. Jl.
Cest.p. 193. " Pastinica triquinata, Spreng. Umb. sj^ec. p. 68, t. 6, /. 2."
Ferula villosa, Walt. Car. p. 115 ,• Pursh, fl.l. p. 192, excl. syn, Ange-
lica sylvestris alta, &c., Gronov. .' Virg. cd. 1.

Dry woods and thickets, New York! to South Carolina, not found west of
the Alleghany Mountains ? July-Aug. — Stem 2-5 feet high, simple,
straight, i-i inch in diameter at the base. Leaves distant : lower ones on
slender petioles 6-10 inches long ; the uppermost bhernately divided, with
shorter petioles, which are dilated the greater part of their length : segments
usually about li inch long, sliglitly and evenly but somewhat doubly ser-
rate ; the lower exterior one often 1-2-lobed at the base, so as to appear auri-
culate. Umbels on long peduncles, which are clothed with a dense white
pubescence ; rays about" 2 inches long. Involucels about as long as the um-
bellets, 6-10-leaved, often unilateral. Petals ovate, wuh an incurved point.
Fruit with 3 acute dorsal ribs. Vitta? usually 20 ; 8 of which belong to the
commissure. — Tins plant has much the appearance of the European An-
gelica sylvestris.

-7-— 5. A. per egrina {^Vitt.\ mss.) : stem striate, pubescent at the summit;
leaves ternately divided, the divisions quinate; segments ovate, acute, in-
cisely serrate and somewhat lobed ; sheaths moderately dilated ; umbel
loose, with many slender rays ; involucre none ; involucels 9-14-leaved,
about as long as the umbellets ; fruit with the lateral ribs very thick and
scarcely winged.

Grassy plains of Wappatoo Island, Oregon, Nuttall ! Sea Coast of Massa-
chusetts, Dr. Pickering! (fruit and flowers only.) "Differs from A. atro-
purpurea in its long many-leaved involucels, much larger flowers, and inthe

> fruit, the dorsal ribs of which are much more prominent and the marginal
ones thick and obtuse, instead of thin and winged." Nutt.— Our Oregon spe-
cimen, received from Mr. Nuttall, resembles A. atro])urpurea in its thin
leaves with acute deeply serrated lobes, but differs in the characters pointed
out by Nuttall, and also in the more slender stem and smaller petioles. We
have not compared complete specimens from Maine and Oregon ; but the
fruit from the former locaUty seems to be quite diflTerent from that of A. atro-
purpurea.

6. A. dentata (Chapman ! mss.) : stem slender, glabrous, finely striate ;
petioles long and slender ; lower leaves ternately divided ; the divisions ter-

CvMOPTERUs. UMBELLIFKRyi*:. (i-iH

nate and quinate ; segments ovale-lanceolate, coarsely and sparsely toothed,
prominently veined on both surfaces, cuneate and somewhat eon(hiriii ni th^
base; the upper leaves with narrower sesinieiiis, and iiinnatilid-tooihcd ; um-
bel few- (8-10-) rayed; involucre none, or of 1 -2 minute leaflets; itivoUuf I
4-G-lcaved, about as lon^ as the undjcllets ; fruit broadly oval ; dorsal ridj^es
carinated ; the lateral ones broailly winijed.

Sandy pine barrens, (ladsden County, Middle Florida, Dr. Chopnuin !
Dr. Alexander ! Jiily-Sejjt. — Stem 2-3 feet high, scarcely iia thick as a
crow(|uill at the base. Radical leaves on petioles (i-8 inches loni; ; the seg-
ments nearly an inch lonff, with 3-4 strong acute teeth on each side ; the up-
per leaves ternatel}' divided, with small dce])ly toothed segments : petioles
slightly dilated at the base. Rays of the umbel l-lj inch long. Petals
broadly ovate, with a short incurved point. Styles half as long as the ovary,
recurved. Fruit 2i lines long ; the wings thin and nearly as broad as the
seed. VittK about 20 (8 on the commissure). — A very distinct species.

25. CYMOPTERUS. Raf. in jour. phjs. 1819 ; DC. prodr. 4. p. 203 ;
NuU. in jour. acad. Philud. 7. p. 28.

Margin of the calyx 5-toothed. Petals ovate or oblong, the ]ioint inflexed.
Fruit elliptical or oval. Carpels much compressed dorsally : the dorsal ribs
winged and undulate ; the alternate ones often obsolete or only slightly ele-
vated. Intervals with 2-4 vittffi. Commissure with 4-8 vittie. Carpophore
free or adnate. — Perennial glabrous herbs (natives of the Rocky Mountains
and the adjacent country), usually low, with short stems or root-stocks.
Leaves decompound ; the segments narro^v. Involucre usually none. In-
volucels many-parted, often unilateral. Flowers white or yellow.

§ 1. Calyx-teeth subulate: pericarp thin: commissure uith about 8 vittee :
carpophore none. — Eucymopterus.

1. C. glomeratus (DC.) : caudex somewhat elevated, bearing the leaves
and peduncles at the summit ; segments of the leaves oblong-linear ; invo-
lucels palmately 5-7-parted. — DC. j)rodr. 4. j)- ~^'^- Selinum acaule,
Pursh, Jl. 2. p. 732. Thapsia glomerata, NuU.! gen. 1. j). 184. Ferula
Palmella, Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 268.

Plains of the Missouri (Bradbun/ .') and Arliansas; and on the Rocky
Mountains towards the sources of the Platte, Nuttall! Saskatchawan,
Drunmwnd ! April-May. — Root thick and fusiform. Plant 3-8 inches
high : caudex about an inch high, sometiines divided. Leaves on long
petioles, ternately divided, and bipinnatifiil. Rays of the umbel 4-f),
scarcely a quarter of an inch long. Flowers white; those of the centre
abortive, pedicellate ; the fertile ones nearly sessile. InvoluccUate leaflets
cohering at the base, and partly adnate to the rays of the umbeliets. " Petals
roundish-oval." Nutt. Fruit elliptical, nearly one-third of an inch long
when mature: wings thickened and somewhat spongy; the intermediate
ones of one carpel, and the central one of the other obsolete. Y\\\rv. 3-4
in each interval, and 8 or sometimes more in the commissure, frequently
anastomosing.

§ 2. Calyx-teeth minute : pericarp somewhat corhy : commissure tcith 4 ntta >
carpophore none. — Phellopterus, Nutt. mss.

624 UMBfiLLIFER^. Cymopterus.

2. C. montanus (Nutt. ! mss. under Phellopterus) : " somewhat s;laucou3 ;
leaves bi])innately divided ; segments oblong-linear, rather obtuse ; involucels
7-9-parted, membranaceous; the segments oblong, obtuse."

High bare plains of the Platte, towards the Rocky Mountains, Nuttall ! —
Plant 2-3 inches high ; the caudex about an inch long. Leaf with an ovate
outline ; the segments rather few and distant. Peduncles shorter than the leaves.
Flowers white, nearly sessile in the umbellets, many of them abortive.
Involucels nearly as long as the umbellets. Fruit 3i lines long ; the integu-
ments thick and opaque, so as to conceal the vittcE : wings rather thin ; the
alternal dorsal ones often defective, as in the preceding species : intei-vals
with 2-^3 vittae.

3. C glaums (Nutt.) : " glaucous ; sheaths at the base of the caudex
wide and inflated ; leaves bipinnately divided ; the segments crowded,
ovate, toothed ; involucels about 3-parted, the segments linear-subulate. —
Nutt.! in jour, acncl. Philad. 7. p. 28. Phellopterus glaucus, Nutt..' mss.

Borders of Flat Head River, towards the sources of the Oregon. Mr. ■
Wyeth! April. — Plant 3-4 inches high. " Root large, descending." Caudex
l-2i inches high, usually clothed with large sheathing stipules without
leaves ; the summit bearing the leaves and ftowers. Leaves with a some-
what cordate outline, about twice the length of the peduncles. Flowers
yellowish when dry (probably white in the living state). Fruit not seen.

§ 3. Calyx-teeth minute : involucels minute : wings of the fruit someivhat
thickened and sjmigy, the alternate ones obsolete : commissure uith 6 vittte:
carpophore free, 2-parted. — Leptocnemia, Nutt. mss.

4. C. campestris (Nutt. ! mss. under Leptocnemia) : leaves 3-parted ; the
divisions remote, bipinnatifid ; segments oblong.

Plains of the Platte, near the Rocky Mountains. Nuttall. — " Root tube-
rous. Plant about 2 inches high. Caudex one-third of an inch high.
Umbel 3-4-rayed. Peduncle scarcely as long as the leaves." — Scarcely
differs from some of the smallest specimens of C. glomeratus, except by the
broader segments of the leaves, and the free carpophore.

§ 4. Calyx-teeth distinct, lanceolate: wings of the carpels broad : commissure
uith 4-10 vitt^ : carpophore free, 2-parted. — Pteryxia, Nutt. mss.

5. C. terebinthimis : leaves pinnately decompound, rigid, glaucous ; the
segments short, deeply and acutely lobed and toothed ; peduncles elongated ;
carpels with 5 perfect wings ; vittse of the commissure 8-10, of the intervals
4.— Selinum terebinthinum, Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 266, t. 95. Pteryxia
terebinthacea, Nutt. 1 mss.

Sandy grounds on the Wallawallah River, Oregon, Douglas. Rocky
places towards the Blue Mountains, Nuttall! — "Root fusiform, thick, exud-
ing a copious turpentine." Dougl. Caudex short, firm, scarcely branched.
Leaves 6-8 inches long. Peduncles (in fruit) nearly a foot long. Rays of
the unlbel about 10, unequal ; the longest nearly 2 inches in length. " Teeth
of the calyx somewhat foliaceous, deciduous." Hook. Fruit oval, about
one-third of an inch long : wings thin ; the dorsal about half as broad as the
marginal ones. Flowers not seen.

6. C. fceniculaceus (Nutt. ! mss. under Pteryxia) : " leaves pinnately de-
compound ; the segments short and linear, acute ; carpels ^vith 5 perfect
wings ; vittae of the commisstire 4-6."

On rocks. Blue Mountains df Oregon, Nuttall ! — " Less than a foot high.

Peuckda.mjm. UMBELLIFERyE. 626

Leaves witli narrow sheailis, on ralhor lontj ])oiiolrs. Umbel 5.mall, of 8-10
rays. Petals lanceolate, willi a lonix incurved point. Involneels verv short.
Flowers yellow. Wings of the carpels thin, scarcely nniUilated ; the in-
tervals with 3-4 viit;e. — Scarcely distinct from ihe preceding speci<!s.

7. C. albijlorus (Nutt. ! mss. under Pteryxia) : "somewhat glaucous;
stem low, branching at the base ; leaves |)iiniately dcconii)ound ; the ulti-
mate segments divaricate and often .■3-clefi, short, acute; involneels about
7-parted, nearly as long as the flowering umbels ; carpels with 5 undulate
wings ; vittie of the commissure tJ."

"llillsof Bear River, in the Rocky Mountain range. — Allied to the pre-
ceding; but the segments of the leaves arc much wider and divaricate; the
flowers arc also white, and the involneels conspicuous. Petals lanceolate
with an acuminate point. Styles long and iiliform. Fruit roundish-oval;
the wings undulate, ihickish and corky, so as almost to conceal the intervals."
Nultall.

8. C. thapsoides (Nutt. mss. under Pteryxia) : glaucous; leaves [(innately
decompound, the divisions confluent; segments short, linear, obtuse, not
wider than the rachis ; involneels 5-7-i)arted, the lobes lanceolate ; fruit
oblong-oval, willi narrow dorsal wings; vitta^ of the commissure 8.

" Rocky places in the Blue Mountains of Oregon. — Allied to C. firnicu-
laecus, but witli A'cry different fruit. About a span high ; the root tuberous
and tap-shajjcd. Petals lanceolate, with an inflexed point. Wings of the
fruit yellowisli. Vitta; of the lateral intervals 4, of the dorsal ones 3. The
plant exudes an aromatic resin." Nuttall. — We have received no specimens
of this Species, which is perhaps too near C. terebinthinus.

Tribe VI. PEUCEDANE^. DC.

Fruit mofc or less compressed dorsally, surrounded with a
single dilated entire smooth margin, wliich is flattened or sligiitly
convex, but not thickened at the edge. Carpels with .5 filiform or
rarely winged ribs, of which the lateral ones are contiguous to the
dilated margin or unitedwitli it. Seed flattened, or convex on the
back.

26. PEUCEDANUM. Kodi, Umh. f. 28 c^ 29 ; DC prodr. 4. p. 17G.

Margin of the calyx minutely .5-toothed. Petals obovate, emarginate or
entire, the point inflexed. Fruit flatly or lenficularly compressed on the
back, with a flat dilated or winged border. Carpels with 5 equidistant ribs ;
the 3 dorsal ones filiform; the lateral ones indistinct, contiguous to the
margin, or dilated into the wings. Intervals usually with single vitt;c ; the
lateral ones sometimes with 2 or 3 vittae. Commissure with 2-4- (rarely G-)
vittae. Carpophore 2-parted. Seed flat or slightly concave on tlie face. —
Herbaceous mostly perennial and glabrous plants. Leaves temately or
pinnately divided or decompound. Involucre various. Involucels many-
leaved. Flowers white, yellow, or yellowish-green.

* Involucre and involucels none : flowers yellow : calyx-teeth obsolete : leaves
temately or 2-3-ternately divided.

1. P. latffoUum (Nutt.! mss.): stemless and dwarfish; leaves temately
or biternately divided ; segments broadly ovate, obtuse, toothed at the apex,

79

626 UMBELLIFERtE. Peuckuanum.

the lateral ones slightly petiolulate ; rays of the umbel elongated, rather
slender ; peduncle short and very thick ; friiit eUipticai-oblong, with a very
narrow winged border; dorsal ribs slightly prominent; intervals with 2-3
minute vittsc ; commissure with 6 distant vittfe.

Plains east of Wallawallah River, Oregon, Nuttall! — Leaves with rather
long narrow sheathing petioles : segments about an inch and a half long and
an inch broad ; the terminal one cuneate at the base and almost retuse ; the
summit witli 3-8 broad raucronate teeth. Peduncles 4-5 lines in diameter,
somewhat thickened at the summit. Rays of the umbel 2-5 inches long.
Fruit about 3i lines long, rather acute : vitt;e scarcely visible through the
cuticle.

2. p. leiocarpum (Nutt. ! mss.) : nearly stemless, somewhat glaucous ;
leaves triternately divided ; segments petiolulate, oblong, entire or toothed at
the apex ; rays of the umbel slender and elongated, unequal ; fruit shorter
than the pedicel, narrowly elliptical, with a narrow winged border ; dorsal
ribs slightly prominent ; intervals with single vittse ; commissure with . 4
(rarely 6) closely approximated vittte. — Seseli leiocarpum. Hook. ! fl. Bor.-
Am. 1. 2J. 262, t. 93.

/?. camiiestre (Nutt. mss.) : segments of the leaves linear-oblong ; fruit
longer than the pedicel.

Plains of the Oregon near Fort Vancouver &c. Douglas, Dr. Scouler!
Nuttall! On Lewis River, Mr. Tolmie! June-July. — "Root long and
fusiform," Nutt. Leaves with long narrow sheaths; the segments about an
inch long, narrower in the sterile than in the fertile plant, often 2-3-toothed
towards "the apex. Peduncle about a foot in length, stout ; in the fructiferous
plant tumid at the summit. Rays of the umbel 1-5 inches long. Fruit
half an inch long ; the border much narrower than the dorsal disk. Vittse of
a light brown color ; sometimes 2 in the lateral intervals, one of them much
smaller than the other.

3. P. ambiguum (Nutt. mss.) : caulescent and somewhat branching, glab-
rous ; leaves triternately divided ; segments linear-lanceolate, entire, obtuse ;
sheaths large and ventricose. — Eulophus ambiguus, Nutt. ! in jour. acad.
Philad. 7. p. 27.

Borders of Flat-Head River, Oregon, Mr. Wyeth. April. — About a span
high (when in flower). " Root consisting of smaU'round edible tubers," Nutt.
Middle division of the leaf sometimes pinnately 5-7-parted. Umbels lateral
and terminal. Flowers polygamous. Fruit unknown.

* * Involucre none : involucels of numerous setaceous leaflets : calyx-teeth obso-
lete : flotoers yellow : leaves 1-3-ternately divided ; the segments narrow, elon.
gated and entire.

-/"' 4. P. triternatum (Nutt.! rass.) : peduncle, petioles, and margin of the
' leaves minutely pubescent ; leaves sometimes simply but usually 2-3-ter- .
nately divided ; the segments lanceolate-linear, or narrowly linear, attenu-
ated at each end ; sheaths somewhat inflated^ fruit twice as long as the pedi-
cels, narrowly elliptical ; the winged margin half the breadth of the disk ;
intervals with single vittEE ; commissure with 2-vittfe. — Seseli biternatum,
Pursh. fl. 1. p. 197; DC. prodr. 4. p. 196; Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p.
204, t. 94; Hook. ^- Am. hot. Beechey, sujopl. p. 348. Eulophus triternatus,
Nutt.! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 21.

/?. leptocarpum : glabrous ; fruit lanceolate-elliptical, narrowly Avinged ;
pedicels very short. — P. leptocarpum, Nutt.! mss.

Plains of the Rocky Mountains ! and throughout Oregon to the Pacific !
/?. plains of the Oregon near the confluence of the Wahlamet, Nuttall ! July.

Peucepanum. UMBELLIP^ER;E. C27

— Root tuberous, large and somewhat fusiform. Stem of the fertile plant 1-2
feet high; of the sterile one very short. (Segments of the leaves 1-3 inches
long, petiohikile, 1-3 lines wide. Peduncles usually a foot or more in lengtii.
Rays of the umbel 8-12. Flowers polygamous, or dia>eious. Fruit about
5 lines long, somewhat attenuated upward in 0. ; the ribs promiuiui and
pale : vittie dark brown. — The roots of this and tlie preceding species, after
having been fermented by heat, are used as food by the aborigines.

5. P. /rtfi7if«/«m (Nutt. mss.) : "glabrous; stem low and slender, mostly
simple; leaves biternalely divided ; segments linear and rather long, obtuse;
sheaths small ; involnere and involucel? none; fruit oblong-elliptical ; inter-
vals with single vittiB ; commissure with 2 vittjc.

" Blue Mountains of Oregon, — Petioles about 4 inches long. Segments of
the leaves all ternatcly divided, narrowed towards the base. Rays of the
umbel 12-14. Fruit about as long as the jjcdicels, the border rather wide.
Flowers not seen." NuUaLl. — We have not seen this species.

* * * Involucre none : involucel unilateral, palmately cleft : flowers white : Iraves
tripinnately divided.

—/—€•. P. nudicaulc (Nutt. mss.) : nearly stemless; glabrous and somewhat
'glaucous; rachis of the leaves narrowly winged ; segments oblong, ])innati-
fid ; the lobes lanceolate and acute ; involucel 7-9-parted, membranaceous :
fruit ovate; the winged margin about half as wide as the disk; intervals
with single vitttc ; commissure with 4 vitta). — Smyrnium nudicaule, Pursh,
fl. I. ]). 196. Ferula nudicaulis, NuU..' i^cn. 1. p. 182, not ol' Sj)reng.
F. Nuttallii, DC. prodr. 4. p. 174 ; Hook. 'jl. Bor.-Am. l.p. 268.

High plains, on the upper part of the Missouri, Arkansas, and the Rocky
Mountains, Bradbury, Nuttall ! On the Oregon, Lewis, Douglas.

* * * * Involucre none : imolucels unilateral, palmately cleft, or of 6-9 oblong
or obovate leaflets : flowers yellow : calyx-teeth minute : leaves ternatcly and
pinnately decompound.

7. P. fceniculaceum {Nutt. \ mss.): nearly stemless and minutely pubes-
cent; ultimate segments of the leaves narrowly linear, short ; involucel 5-7-
cleft; fruit broadly ovate ; the winged border about half the breadth of the
disk ; ribs prominent ; vittaj 1-2 (rarely 3) in the intervals, 2-4 in the com-
missure.— Ferula freniculacea, Nult. I gen. 1. p. 183 ,* DC. prodr. 4.^.174.
Pastinaca fu-niculacea, Sprcng. in Schult. syst. 6. p. 587.

0. daucifolium: rays of tlie llowering umbel and involucels hoary-tomen-
tose. — P. daucifolium. Null. I mss. Ferula fcrniculacea. Hook. ! fi. Bor.-
Am. 1. p. 268, partly, (sp. from Saskatchawan !)

y. tomeutose-pubescent, nearly stemless ; segments of the leaves linear-
oblong, much crowded ; fruit (inmiature) and involucels pubescent.

Upper part of the Missouri and Arkansas, Nuttall! Sandstone hills on the
prairies of Grand River, Dr. James! fi. on the Platte, Nuttall ! Saskatclia-
wan, Drummond ! April-May. — Root fusiform. Petioles large and sheath-
ing at die base. Leaves finely dissected ; die ultimate segments 1-3 lines
long and almost capillary. Peduncle 8-12 inches long. Princijial rays of
theumbel l-2i inches long ; several short abortive ones. Involucel nearly
as long as die flow^ering umbel, at first densely tomentose, but at length some-
what glabrous ; the lobes oblong-lanceolate, acute. Flowers polygamous.
Calyx distinctly 5-toothed. • Petals oval ; the point cuspidate. Fruit about
2 lines in length : dorsal intervals with seldom more than 2 vittae ; die lateral
ones with 2 or 3.

8. P. macrocarpum (Nutt. ! mss.) : minutely pubescent ; stem short ; ul-

628 UMBELLTFERJE. ■ Peucedanum.

limate segments of the leaves narrowly linear, short ; involucel 7-9-cleft ;
fruit narrowly elliptical (twice as long as broad) ; the winged margin as wide
as the disk ; ribs nearly obsolete ; intervals with single vittse ; commissure
with 4 vittffi. — Ferula fcsniculacea, Hook. I. c. partly (the Oregon plant).
Ferula niacrocarpa, HooJc. Sf Am. hot. Beechey, suppl. p. 348 ?

Barren hills on the Oregon, Nuttall ! Dr. Scouler .' Douglas. California,
Douglas. — Stem 1-3 inches, and the peduncle 8-12 inches long. " Flow-
ers white," Nutt. Fruit nearly three-fourths of an inch in length, with a
thin pale border. — Differs from P. foeniculaceum chiefly in the fruit, which
is much larger and proportionally narrower, and the wings nearly twice as
broad. We have described this plant from specimens collected by Mr. Nut-
tall. It may not be identical with Ferula macrocarpa. Hook. Sf Am.

9. P. dasycarpum : nearly stemless, pubescent ; leaves ternately decom-
pound ; the ultimate segments oblong-linear, short, rather obtuse ; involucre
of 1-2 lanceolate leaflets ; involucels deeply 4-6-parted ; the segments obo-
vate-oblong ; fruit nearly orbicular, tomentose-pubescent, about the length of
the pedicel ; vittfe single in the dorsal intervals, 2 in the lateral ones ; com-
missure with 4 vittffi.

California, Douglas! — Leaves 2-3 inches long; the lamina about the
length of the petiole, the ultimate segments 1-2 lines long, rather crowded.
Peduncle of the fructiferous umbel 6-8 inches long, stout. Rays 4-5 princi-
pal, and several shorter abortive ones. Involucel (colored?) strongly veined.
Fruit one-third of an inch in diameter, when young broadly ovate, but in the
mature state nearly as broad as long : the vittae not perceptible externally.
A very distinct species, which is not described in Hooker & Arnott's account
of Douglas's Califbrnian collection. Our specimens Avere received from the
London Horticultural Society, through the kindness of Mr. Bentham.

10. P. parvifoliwn : somewhat caulescent, glabrous ; lamina of the radi-
cal leaves as long as the petiole, the circumscription deltoid, tri]iinnatifid ; the
segments ovate, acuminate, incised, spreading ; involucels of about 8 lanceo-
late-subulate leaflets ; fruit elliptical-obovate, the wing as broad as the disk ;
ribs slightly prominent ; intervals with single vittxe ; commissure with 4
vittae. — Ferula parvifolia, Hook. S^- Am. ! hot. Beechey, suj)pl. p. 348.

California, Douglas ! — Plant about a foot high when in fruit. Stems very
short, several from a single root. Lamina of the leaf about li inch long:
segments incised, with short acute lobes. Flowers bright yellow. Fruit
one-third of an inch long ; the ribs nearly obsolete.

11. P . carui folium : minutely pubescent, stemless or nearly so; leaves
ternately decompound, with long narrowly linear acute segments ; petioles
very short, with a large very broad inflated base; involucel 9-12-leaved ; the
leaflets distinct, broadly obovate, petiolulate ; fruit broadly elliptical, with
scarcely prominent ribs ; the wing about half the breadth of the disk ; vittas
very indistinct, apparently 1-2 in the dorsal intervals and 2-3 in the lateral
ones. — Ferula caruifolia. Hook. 6f Am. ! hot. Beechey, siq^pl. pi. 348. Peu-
cedanum Californicum, Nutt. ! mss.

California (plains of St. Barbara, Nuttall!), Douglas! — About a span high.
Ultimate segments of the leaves nearly half an inch in length and half a line
wide. Flowers bright yellow. Fruit one-third of an inch long. Vitta3 mi-
nute and empty in Douglas's specimens, so that the fruit is nearly tasteless.

12. P. utriculatum (Nutt. ! mss.) : glabrous, branching from the base ;
leaves ternately decompound ; ultimate segments narrowly linear, loose ; in-
volucels about 7-leavcd ; the leaflets distinct nearly to the base, broadly-obo-
vate, petiolulate, nearly as long as the umbellet ; fruit obovate-elli'ptical,
with a broad winged margin ; intervals with single vittae ; conmiissure with
4-6 vittse.

Leptot.enia. UMBELLIFERi^.

C29

Rocky plains, particularly near the confluence of the Wahlamet and Ore-
gon Rivers, Nullall! Mr. Tnlwie! — Root ful)r'rous. Stern from a few inches
to a foot or more in Ifiiijih, (]ecunil)oiit. Pe(ir)lf ternately (hvidcil down to
the dilated hasc. Peduncles terminal and opposite the leaves, rniljcl of
from 12 to 20 very uneciual rays. Leaflets of the involucel often toothtil ai liie
suinmit. Flowers bright yellow. Petals ohcordate, with an indexed [lolnt.
Fruit about one-fourtli of an inch long, about the len;,nli of the perlieel : dorsal
ribs prominent. Intervals filled with broad thin vitt<c. — The root is used as
food by the aborigines. Auttall.

P. Ludovicianuin, Raf. fl. Ludov.

27. EURYPTERA. NuU. mss.

Margin of the calyx 5-loothed ; the teeth lanceolate, deciduous. Petals
cuneate-oblong ; the point cuspidate and inflexed. Fruit reniform-orbicular,
emarginate at each end, flat ; the margin very broad and tliin ; tlie disk im-
pressed. Carpels with 5 obtuse slightly prominent approximated e(|uidistant
ribs. Intervals with single large vitla;. Commissure with 2 vitt<T. Seed
flat, somewhat concave on the back. — A perennial glabrous herb. Leaves
ternately divided ; the segments broadly cordate, somewhat lobed, coarsely
and mucronately toothed. Involucre none. Involucels unilateral, many-
parted. " Flowers yellowish."

E. ludda (Nutt. ! mss.)

Woods of St. Diego, California, Nuttall! April. — Root tuberous.
Leaves all radical or nearly so, simply ternately divided : segments an incli
or more in diameter, somewhat coriaceous ; the teeth widely spreading :
petioles with a large ovate sheathing base. Fructiferous peduncle very stout,
8-10 inches long. Rays of the umbel 10-14. Involucel 6-7-parted; the
segments lanceolate. Fruit about 5 lines wide, the breadth exceeding the
length, glabrous and somewhat sliining.

28. IMPERATORIA. Linn. ; DC. prodr. A. ^j. 183.

Flowers and fruit the same as in Peucedanum ; but the margin of the
calyx obsolete. — Perennial glabrous herbs. Stem terete, striate. Leaves
2-3-ternately di\dded; the segments ovate or oblong, serrate. Umbels
larger, compound. Involucre none. Involucel few-leaved. Flowers
white. DC.

1. /. Oslruthium (Linn.): leaves ternately divided; segments broadly
ovate, 3-lobed, inciscly serrate ; the lateral ones unequal at the base; sheaths
large. DC. — Linn. spec. 1. p. 25!); Lam. ill. t. 199, /. 1.; Engl. hoi. t.
1380 ; DC. 2}rodr. 4. p. 183 ; Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. l.p. 269. Peucedanum
Ostruthium, Koch, Umb. p. 95 ; Hook. Brit. Jl. p. 118.

Newfoundland, Pylaie, ex DC. — Master- Wort.

29. LEPTOTiENIA. Nutt. mss.

Calyx-teeth nearly obsolete. Petals obovate or oblong, with an acumi-
nate inflexed point. Styles slender, diverging. Stylopodium inconspicuous.

G30 . UMBELLIFER7E. Tiedmannia.

Fruit oblong-elli]itical, flat, with a thickish corky winged margin: ribs very
slender, filiform ; the lateral ones united with the winged margin. Inten^als
broad, without true vitta3, but marked with 6-8 vittee-like lines. Commis-
sure without vittaa. Seed flat. Carpophore 2-parted. — Perennial (North
West American) glabrous herbs (1-3 feet high), with tuberous roots, and bi-
ternately much divided leaves. Involucre none. Involucels unilateral,
many-parted, with narrow segments. Flowers brown or yellow.

-- 1. L. dissecta (Nutt. ! mss.) : *' umbels radical and terminal; flowers
dark brown ; segments of the leaves ovate, incisely pinnatifid ; the lobes
lanceolate, entire or 2-3-toothed ; fruit many times longer than the pedicels.
"Plains of the Oregon near the confluence of the Wahlamet. — Root large.
Stem about 3 feet high, glaucous, terete. Secondary divisions of the leaves
bipinnatifid; Peduncle very long. Involucels shorter than the many-flow-
ered umbellets; the segments subulate. Rays of the umbel 12-24, slender,
2-4 inches in length. Fruit three-fourths of an inch long, nearly tasteless,
owing to the absence of vitt36." Nuttall.

2. L. muUifida (Nutt. mss.) : " stem low ; umbel terminal ; flowers yel-
low ; segments of the leaves pinnately parted ; the lobes linear ; fruit a little
shorter than the pedicels.

" Plains of the Oregon, east of Wallawallah, and in the Blue Mountains.
— Root a roundish white tuber, almost like a turnip. Plant 1-2 feet high,
somewhat spreading. • Fruit very similar to that of the preceding species."
Nuttall.

3. L.? Californica (Nutt. mss.): "nearly stemless: leaves biternately
divided ; segments pinnatifid, obtuse, acutely and incisely serrate, the termi-
nal one 3-lobed ; petals (yellow) lanceolate, with a long inflexed point.

" St. Barbara, Upper California.^ — Leaves on long petioles, ^yith very few
rather small divisions. Rays of the umbel 10-12. Calyx minutely 5-tooth-
ed. Fruit not seen. — ^Perhaps' a species of Polytfenia ; the leaves being
similar, but thinner. It differs from the two preceding species in the sum- .
mit of the petals being long and subulate, instead of short and broad.'*
■ Nuttall.

30. TIEDMANNIA. DC. mem. Umh. p. 51, t. 12, &; prodr. 4. f. 187.

Margin of the calyx 5-toothed. Petals broadly ovate, with a narrow in-
flexed point. Fruit much compressed dorsally, obovate. Carpels with 5.
filiform somewhat carinate approximated equal ribs ; the lateral ones dilated
into a membranaceous margin nearly as broad as the dorsal disk. Intervals
with single large vittte. Commissure with 2 vittEe. Carpophore 2-parted.
Seed flat. — A glabrous biennial ? herb, with a fistulous stem ; and leaves
reduced to terete nodose petioles. Involucre and involucels of 5-6 subulate
leaves. • Flowers white.

The insertion of the anthers in this plant does not differ from that of other
UmbeilifersB.

' T. teretifolia (DC. ! 1. c.)— (Enanthe filifbrmis, Walt. Car. p. 113, not of
Lam. CE. Caroliuensis, Pers. syn, l.p.SlS; Pursh, fl. 1. j;. 194. CE.
teretifolia, Muhl. ! cat. ed. 2. p. 31. Slum teretifolium, Ell. sic. 1. p. 354.
Ponds and swamps, Harper's Ferry, Virginia, {Dr. Aikin !) to Florida I

Archkmora. UMBELLIFKR/E. (;3l

and west to Louisiana. Au/i^.-Sejit. — Stem 'J-fi feet hii^li, rrort, fistulous,
branching abovp. Leaves, or rather iictiolos, ■l->i inehes lon^ and 'J— 1 lints
in diameter, tajjering to the sununit, (hvidc<l l)v tuiinerous transverse nieni-
l)raiioMs partitions. Principal umbel of 10-15 slrndcr rays. Fruit about 3
lines long, " the vitta; tilling the dorsal intervals." J)C.

31. ARCHEMORA. DC. mem. Umh. p. 53, S^- prndr. 4. ;>. 1H8.

Margin of the calyx 5-toothed. Petals obcordate, with an inflexcd point.
Fruit lenticularly compressed, oval or obovate. Carpels with 5 fililt^rm
obtuse ai)proximated equidistant ribs; the lateral ones dilated into a llritlish
margin nearly as broad as the disk. Intervals with single large vitlfi'.
Commissure with 4-G vitta^. Carpoj)liorc 2-parted. Seeil Hat. — Perennial
glabrous herbs (natives of the United States), growing in swamps. Leaves
pinnately or temately divided ; the segments entire or remotely toothed.
Involucre none, or few-leaved. Involucels of numerous leaflets. Flowers
while.

-i— 1. A. rigida (DC.) : leaves j)innatcly divided.

a. segments of the leaves ovate, oblong, or lanceolate, remotely toothed or
denticulate, often entire. — A. rigida, tricuspidata, 6c dcnticulata, DC. !
prodr. 4. p. 188. A. rigida, Darlingt. Jl. Ccst. p. 195. Slum rigidius,
Linn.! spec. I. p. 251. S. rigidius, triciis])idatum & denticulatum. Ell. sk.
1. p. 354. Sison marginatum, Michx. ! ji. 1. p. 1G8. Gi^nanlhe rigida,
Nutt..' gen. \. p. 189. Pastiuaca rigida, Sprcng. in SchuLt. syst. 6. p. 586;
Torr.! Ji. l.p.314.

(i. segments of the leaves linear, elongated, mostly entire. — A. ambigua,
DC! I.e. Slum longiiblium, PMr,s/i, jl. 1. p. 194. CEnantlie ambigua,
Ntitt. ! I. c. Paslinaca ambigua, Spreng. I. c. ; Torr. ! I. c.

Swamps, Michigan ! New York ! to Florida ! and to Louisiana I Sept.
— Stem 2-5 feet high, erect, slender, terete. Leaves usually with 3-5 psurs
of segments, sometimes willi 2, or even a single pair, variable in lorm, occa-
sionally obovate, but more commonly oblong-lanceolate, somewhat rigid, and
the margin cartilaginous ; in var. a. more or less toothed ; the teeth often
very large, and sometimes reduced to two near the summit, or suiall and
scaltereil. Umbel of many slender rays. Fruit 3 lines long ; the dorsal
ribs slightly elevated and greenish ; the lateral ones united with the rather
thin white and somewhat corky margin. Vitta3 dark purple, filling the in-
tervals. Commissure white.

2. A. ternata (Nutt. mss.) : " leaves ternately divided, with very long
petioles; segments linear. — Peucedanum ternatum, Nutt. gen. 1. ;?. 182;
DC. jnodr. 4. p. 182.

" Margin of swamps in the pine forests of North and South Carolina ; not
uncommon near Ncwbern. — Stem 2-3 feet high, slender. Leaves few; the
petiole of the lowermost nearly 2 feet long ; segments ])etiolidate, or
filiformlv attenuated downwards, 4-6 or 8 inches long, and scarcely 3 lines
wide. Rays of the umbel 6-9, elongated. Pedicels (frtictilerous) more
than an incli long. Mature fruit as large as that of a parsneji (Pnstinaea
sativa), surrounded with a thick winged somewhat fungous margin, which is
continued internally over the whole commissure, and conceals the 4 vitta?.
Wing of the carpels about half die breadth of the dorsal disk. Flowers not
seen." Nult. I. c. Sf mss. — It is singular that no specimen of this plant ha»
yet reached us.

632 UMBELLIFER^. Hkracleum.

32. PASTINACA. Tourn. ; Linn.; DC. prodr. 4. p. 188.

Calyx-teeth obsolete or minute. Petals somewhat orbicular, entire, invo-
lute ; the point broad and retuse. Fruit much compressed, with a dilated
flat margin. Carpels with 5 very slender ribs ; 3 of them dorsal and equi-
distant ; the lateral ones remote, contiguous to the margin. Intervals with
single vittse. Commissure with 2 or more vitta;. Carpophore 2-parted..
Seed flat. — Perennial or biennial herbs, with fusiform often fleshy roots.
Leaves pinnately divided ; the segments toothed, incised, or lobed. Involucre
and involucels few-leaved or none. Flowers yellow. — Parsnep.

1. P. saliva (Linn.) : stem sulcate, glabrous ; leaves minutely pubescent;
segments ovate-oblong, obtuse, unequally toothed and serrate, incised at the

base ; the terminal one 3-lobed ; fruit oval ; the commissure with 2 vittje.

lAnn. spec. I. p. 262 ,• Engl. hot. t. 556 ; Pursh,jl. 1. p. 196 ,- DC. ]?rodr.
4. p. 188.

Fields and waste places. Introduced. July-Sept. — Plant yellowish-green.
Root biennial, fleshy. Stem 2-5 feet high. Leaves somewhat shining ;
the segments sessile. Umbels large, fastigiate. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit
about one-third of an inch long, emarginate ; the border somewhat thickened.
Vittaj dark purple. — Common Parsnep. Wild Parsnep.

33. HERACLEUM. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 200; DC. prodr. 4. p. 191.

Calyx-teeth distinct, or sometimes obsolete. Petals obcordate, with an in-
flexed point ; in the exterior flowers often radiate and apparentl}"- deeply
2-cleft. Fruit much compressed on the back, with a broad flat margin :
ribs slender ; 3 of them dorsal and equidistant ; the 2 lateral more remote,
and contiguous to the dilated margin. Vittae mostly clavate, shorter than
the fruit ; one in each interval, and usually 2 in the commissure. Seed flat.
Stout herbs, with pinnately or ternately divided or lobed leaves : petiole
large and sheathing. Umbels with numerous raj's. Involucre caducous,
mostly few-leaved. Involucels many-leaved. — Coio-Parsnep. Master-
Wort.

1. H. lanatuni (Michx.) : stem sulcate, pubescent; leaves ternately
divided, tomentose-pu])escent beneath ; the segments petiolulate, roundish-
cordate, lobed; fruit oval or obovate. — Michx."! fl. 1. p. 166; Pursh, fi. 1.
p. 181 ; Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 110 ; Torr. ! fl. 1. p. 313 ; DC! inodr.
4. p. 192; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 270; Bongard, vcg. Sitcha, in mem.
acad. St. Pctersb. {ser. 6) 2. p. 142 ; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 196.

/?. vestitum : upper part of the stem and petioles densely woolly ; leaves
somewhat obtusely lobed and toothed. — H. vestitum, NiUt. ! mss. H.
Douglasii, DC. I. c. ; Hook. L c.

Wet meadows, Newfoundland ! and Canada ! as far north as lat. 58°
{Richardson) ; to Pennsylvania and Kentucky. Oregon, Dr. Scoulcr,
Douglas. Sitcha, Bongard. /?. Wappatoo Island, Oregon, Nuttall ! — U
Stem 4-8 feet high, an inch or more in diameter at the base. Leaves very
large : the principal divisions 4-10 inches in diameter, unequally lobed ; the
lobes acuminate, nearly glabrous on the upper surface. Umbels widely
spreading, 6-10 inches or mtore in diameter. Involucre of 6-10 oblong-

roLy'ivf:.MA. UMBELLIFER;E. f,33

lanceolate caducous leaflets. Leaflets of the iuvolucel lanceolate, attenuatt;
into a lone; point. Flowers white; tiie petals of the exterior ones very une-
qual, a|)pearuitf (lf'C])ly and often in)e(|uallv •J-dcft l)y the eidart;fnicMi of the
lobes on eacii side of the inflcxed point. Kriiit nearly half an inch lonj;, often
emarginate. Vilt?e of the intervals clavate, extending otdy about half way
down the carpels. Commissure usually with "J vitt;e, but sometimes with

1 or 2 imperfect ones. — H. Douirhusii, DC. was founded on a specimen
raised in the garden of the Horticultural Society of London, from seed
collected in Oregon by the late Mr. J)ouglas. H(X)ker thinks it is only a
variety of \l. lauatum, but Mr. Nuttall considers it a distinct species.

34. EURYTiENIA.

Margin of the calyx 5-toothed. (Petals unknown.) Stylopodium de-
pressed. Styles slender, recurved. Fruit ovate, lenticularly compressed on
the back, glabrous, with a narrow winged margin : dorsal ribs approxinriated,
filiform ; the middle one carinate or very narrowly winged ; the lateral ones
remote, thick and corky, united with the thin margin. Intervals filled with
single vitta?. Commissure with 2 very broad contiguous vitla;. Carpophore
2-cleft. — A glabrous herb, with 2-^3-pinnately dissected leaves; the segments
distant, narrowly linear, acute. Umbels terminal ; the rays numerous'
Involucre and involucel of several 3-5-cleft leaflets. Flowers not seen.

E. Texana.

Texas, Drummond ! (Coll. II. [or III.] no. 24.) — Plant apparently about

2 feet high. Stem slender, finely striate, branching above. Cauline leaves
on short petioles ; the segments long and slender, scarcely half a line wide.
Umbel of 10-15-rays. Leaflets of the involucre and involucels cleft about
half way down ; the segments narrowly linear and diverging. Calyx-teeth
lanceolate. Fruit nearly 2 lines long, broadly ovate : dorsal ribs distinct ;
the 2 exterior generally appearing double or furrowed longitudinally : lateral
ribs much larger, obtuse, surrounding the fruit, but not extending to the edge
of the wing. Commissure Avith the disk almost wholly occupied by the
broad vitta).

35. POLYTiENIA. DC. mem. Umh. _?;. 53, t. 13, cV prodr. 4. jj. 196.

Margin of the calyx 5-toothed. Petals oblong, with a long inflexed emar-
ginate point. Fruit oval, lenticularly comjjressed on the back, glabrous,
with a broad and even tumid corky margin ; the dorsal disk impressed : ribs
obscure, nearly immersed in the corky pericarp. Intervals with 2 vittae.
Commissure with 4-6 vittae ; the thickened corky margin also filled with
resiniferous tubes. Carpophore free, 2-cleft. Seed plano-convex. — A glab-
rous herb, with bipinnately divided leaves; the v, ipermost opposite and
often 3-clefr. Umbels terminal and opposite the leaves. Involucre none.
Involucel of several setaceous leaflets. Flowers bright yellow.

T^P. NuttaUii (DC. 1. c). — Ferula Drummondii, Hook Sf Am. in compan.
to hot. mag. p. 47 .''
p. Itevis : stem smooth or very nearly so.

Prairies and barrens of the Western States^ Indiana ! to Louisiana : west

80

634 UMBELLIFERiE. Trepocarpus.

to the plains of the Platte ! and Texas ! P. Michigan, Dr. Wright ! May.—
Plant 2-3 feet high. Root somewhat fusiform. Stem rather stout, sulcate,
usually scabrous, leafy. Leaves mostly on long petioles ; the segments
pinnately incised or toothed ; those at the base of the peduncles often only 3-
cleft, with entire or sparingly toothed lobes. Rays of the umbel 12-20,
about an inch in length. Fruit nearly 3 lines long, entire at each end ; the
border tumid quite to the edge ; whence the area of the disk appears very
much depressed, especially in the dry state. Transverse section of the fruit
oblong-elliptical, exhibiting the seed closely invested with numerous vittse
and inclosed in the corky pericarp ; the vittffi and tubes of the border filled
with a terebinthine oil or turpentine.

Tribe VII. CUMINE^. BC.

Fruit contracted at the sides. Carpels with 5 primary filiform
ribs, of which the lateral ones are marginal ; and 4 more prominent
secondary ones ; all of them wingless. Seed straight, iiattish on
the face. Umbels compound.

36. TREPOCARPUS. Nutt. in DC. mem. Umh. p. 56, t. 14.

Caljrx-teeth subulate, at length deciduous. Petals obcordate, with an in-
flexed point. Fruit linear-oblong, pyramidal at the summit, S-angled:
primary ribs indistinct: secondary ribs 4, elevated, obtuse, with a single
vittffi beneath each. Commissure thick and spongy, grooved in the middle,
with 2 minute approximated vittse next the seed. Seed straight, convex on
the back. — A glabrous annual. Leaves many-parted; the segments of the
cauline one narrowly linear. Umbels opposite the leaves, of 3-5 rays.
Umbellets few-flowered. Involucre aud involucels of few filiform leaflets.
Flowers white.

^t- T. jEiliusee (Nutt. ! 1. c.)— T. ^thusfB & brachycarpus, DC. I. c, S^
'prodr. 4. p. 202.

Prairies of Arkansas, Nuttall! Dr. Engiemann! Louisiana, Dr. Hale!
if Prof. Carpenter! June. — Plant about 2 feet high, "with a very strong
odor of Carrot," Dr. Engiemann. Stem striate, slender, branching. Leaves
very thin, tripinnately divided ; the rachis very narrow and winged : lower
ones with the segments broader, pinnatifid-toothed. Primordial leaves nar-
rowly linear. Umbels on peduncles longer than the leaves. Fruit 4-5 lines
long, thick and rigid; the primary ribs scarcely perceptible except in the dry
state. Vittae not visible externally. — T. brachycarpus, DC. only differs in
shorter fruit, and in the fewer rays of the umbel ; which are inconstant
characters.

Tribe VIII. THAPSIEiE. Koch; DC.

Fruit either dorsally compressed or nearly terete. Carpels with
5 filiform often bristly primary ribs ; of which the lateral ones are
placed on the face of the commissure : secondary ribs 4 ; the dorsal
ones filiform and the lateral ones winged ; or all of them winged
(hence the fruit is either 8-winged, or only 2.winged on each side).

Daucus. UMBELLIFER;E. 635

Seed flattish, or somewhat teretely convex, plane on the face. —
Umbels compound.

37. LASERPITIUM. Tourn. ; DC. prodr. 4. j^. 204.

Margin of tlie calyx 5-tooUied. Petals obovate, eraargiuate, the ]»)\n{
inflexed. Fruit dorsally compressed, or somewhat terete. Primary ribs of
the carpels filiform : secondary ones all winged, with single vitta; beneath
them. Carpophore free, 2-partc'd. — Perennial herbs. Leaves 2-3-pinnato-
ly divided; the segments entire, toothed, or incised. Involucre ami involu-
cels many-leaved. Flowers white, or rarely yellow.

1. L. hirsutum (Lam.) : leaves supradecompouud, liirsiite ; segments nar-
row, pinnatitid ; the lobes short, linear, c-usi)idat(; ; leatlels of the involucre
meml)ranaceons, mostly 3-cleit at the summit, ciliate ; wings of the fruit
slender, fiat. DC.—Lam.Jl. Fr. 3. i>. G48; DC. prodr. 4. p. 205 ; Hook. &;
Am. hot. Beechctj, p. 125,- Hook. jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 270.

Kotzebue's Sound, Lay t^ Collie. — An alpine plant in Europe.

Tribk LX. DAUCINE/E. DC.

Fruit lenticularly compressed on the back, or somewhat terete.
Carpels with 5 filiform bristly primary ribs, of which the lateral are
placed on the flat commissure ; and 4 more prominent prickly se-
condary ones ; the prickles distinct or united into a wing. Seed
flattened or convex on the back, liattish on the face. — Umbels
compound.

38. DAUCUS. Town.; Linn. ; DC. prodr. 4. p. 209.

Margin of the calyx 5-toothed. Petals obovate, emarginate, with an in-
flexed point ; the exterior ones often larger than the others and deeply 2-cleft.
Fruit somewhat dorsally compressed, ovate or oblong. Carpels with 5 pri-
mary filiform bristly ribs, of which 3 are on the back and 2 on the flat com-
missure : secondary ribs 4, equal, more prominent, winged, divided into a
single row of prickles. Intervals with single vitta; under the secondary
ridges. Carpophore free, entire.— Mostly biennial herbs. Leaves 2-3-pin-
nately divided. Involucre of several trifid or pinnatifid leaflets. Leaflets of
the involucel entire or 3-cleft. Flowers white or yellow; the central one
often fleshy and sterile.

-A 1, D. Carota (hiun.) : stem hispid ; leaves 2-3-pinnatifid ; segments pin-
natifid ; the lobes lanceolate, cuspidate ; leaflets of the involucre pinnatifid,
nearly the length of the umbel ; prickles about equal to the diameter of the
oblong oval fruit. DC— Linn. spec. 1. p. 242 ; Engl. hot. t. 1174 ; Pnrsh,
fl.\. p. 191 ; Torr. ! fi. 1. p. 308 ; DC. prodr. 4. p. 211.

Fields, road-sides, &c. ; naturalized throughout the United States. July-
Sept.— Root fusiform. Stem 2-3 feet high^ branching. Umbels concave.
Flowers white, or sometimes ochroleucous, the solitary central one of each
umbellet abortive and colored. — Carrot. Wild Carrol.

G3G UMBELLIFERjE. Caucalis.

^I"- 2. D. pusillus (Michx.) : stem (especially the lower part) retrorsely muri-
cate-hispid ; leaves blpinnately divided ; the segments pinnatifid, with nar-
row linear lobes; leaflets of the involucre bipinnatifid, nearly as long as the
(small) umbel; prickles equalling tlie breadth of the ovate fruit, distinctly
barbed at the summit.— Mic/m / fl. 1. p. 164 ; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 19-2 ; Ell.
sk. I. p. 349 ,- DC. ]3roclr. 4. p. 213.

p. microphyllus : lower part of the stem and petioles villous with retrorse
or spreading rather soft hairs. — D. microphyllus, " Presl, in herb. Hanke ;"
DC. prodrTi.p. 213 ; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. \. p. 271.

y. scaber : stem hirsute with short retrorse hairs, scabrous-aculeolate above.
— D. scaber, Nutt. ! mss.

Fields and prairies, South Carolina ! to Louisiana and the Southern part
of Arkansas. /?. Plains of the Oregon, Dr. Scouler! Douglas! Nuttalll
Nootka Sound, Htenke. y. California, Nuttall ! May.—® or (2) Stem 1-2
feet high, scabrous (as are also the petioles and rachis) with sharp elevated
papillae at the base of the hairs. Rays of the umbel about an inch long.
Flowers ochroleucous. Fruit about half as large as in D. Carota ; the
prickles confluent and a little dilated at the base, minutely scabrous. Vittae
large aud filled with a pungent oil.

Series 2. Seed with the margins involute, or deeply furrowed on the
face. (Subord. Campylospeum^, DC.)

Tribe X, CAUCALINE^. Koch; DC.

Fruit laterally contracted or somewhat terete. Carpels with 5
primary bristly or prickly ribs, of which the lateral ones are on the
commissure : secondary ribs 4, more prominent and prickly, or
sometimes obliterated by the copious prickles filling the entire
intervals. Seed involute, or with the margin inflexed. — Umbels
compound.

39. CAUCALIS. Linn. ; Hoffm. Umb. p. 54. t. 1, /. 14 ; DCinodr. I. c.

CalyTc-teeth ovate-lanceolate. Petals obovate, emarginate, with an in-
flexed point; the exterior ones deeply 2-cleft and larger. Carpels with 5
primary filiform bristly or prickly ribs, and 4 more prominent secondary ones,
divided into a single row of prickles. Intervals with single vittae under the
secondary ridges. Commissure with 2 vittae. Carpophore rigid, 2-cleft at
the summit. Seed involute or the margin inflexed. — Annual herbs with
many-cleft leaves. Involucre none, or 1-2-leaved. Involucel of 3-8
lanceolate spreading leaflets. Flowers white ; the central ones staminate,
sterile. DC.

§. Petals oval, incurved, but scarcely emarginate at the apex: involucral
leaves 3-i-4, bipinnatifid (or the umbel sessile, leafy at the base?). — Cau-
CALIUM, Nutt.

1. C. microearpa (Hook. & Am.) : sparsely-pubescent; leaves blpinnate-
ly divided ; the segments pinnatifid, with linear lobes ; leaves of the invo^
lucre resembling those of the stem; umbel of 3-5 somewhat elongated rays^

CiiiEROPHYxxuM. UMBELLIFERiK. C37

sometimes proliferous; umbellets 5-8-flowerecl ; fruit elliptical; jirickles in-
curved and siiiiple at the apex. — Ilvok. Sf Arn. ! but. Beecheij, sujijji. jt. 348.
Caucalium dauccndes, Null. ! mss.

California, Douglas ! Nuttall ! — Plant about a span long, somewhat
branching:, slender. Leaves finely divided, with short linear ultimate lobes.
Rays of the umbel slender, 1 or 2 of iliem often proliferous (or [iroducing a
seeond compound umbel). Flowers while, very minute. Leaflets of the
involucel about 5, short, occasionally 3-eleft, but usually entire. Fruit about
2i lines long ; prickles slender, tlieir lenglli rather less than the diameter of
tlie carpels. Seed deeply sulcaic by the inflexion of the margin, but not in-
volute.— The fruit of this plant is exactly that of some species of Caucalis ;
but the jietals are ditlercnt, and the habit is somewhat peculiar, on which
account Mr. Nuttall considers it a distinct genus. He regards the umbel as
sessile at the summit of a leafy branch.

Tribe XL SCANDICINEiE. Koch; DC.

Fruit compressed or contracted laterally, usually rostrate. CarpelB
with 5 equal filitbrm or winged ribs, of which the lateral ones are
marginal ; all of them sometimes obliterated at the base and only
conspicuous at the apex. Seed teretely convex, either furrowed on
the face or involute. — Umbels compound.

40. CH^ROPHYLLUM. Linn. ; Hoffm. Umb. \. p. 33 ; DC. yrodr,

4. p. 224.

Margin of the calyx obsolete. Petals obovate, emarginate, with an in-
flexed point. Fruit not rostrate, compressed or contracted laterally. Carpels
with 5 obtuse equal ribs. Commissure deeply furrowed. Intervals with
single vitta;. Carpophore 2-clefl;. Seed teretely convex; the transverse
section semilunar. — Perennial, biennial, or annual herbs. Leaves decom-
pound, the segments toothed or many-cleft. Involucre none, or few-leaved,
Involucel many-leaved. Flowers white or occasionally rose color, rarely
yellow.

W''!. C. procumbens (Lam.) : stem decumbent or nearly erect; leaves bipin-
nately divided ; segments pinnatifid ; the lobes oblong or lanceolate-oblong,
rather obtuse; umbels opposite the leaves, usually sessile, of 2-3 (rarely 4)
rays ; involucre none ; involuccls of 4-5 ovate-oblong leaflets ; fruit nar-
rowly oblong, abruptly contracted at the summit ; ribs scarcely as broad as
the intervals.— Lam. diet. 1. p. 685; Pursh, Jl. 1. p. 195 ; Nutl. ! gen. 1.
p. 194 ; EU. sk. 1. p. 357 ,• Darlingt.fl. Cest. p. 198. Scandix procumbens,
Linn. spec. 1. p. 257. Mvrrhis procumbens, Sprcng. Umb. prodr. p. 29, 4*
in Schult. syst. 6. p. 516 ;^ Torr. ! Jl. p. 309.

/?. Shortii : umbels pedunculate ; fruit oblong, not contracted at the
summit.

Moist shady places, particularly along rivers. New Jersey I to North
Carolina! South Carolina, £//?o«. Arkansas, .Vw^aZL Kentucky (as also /?.)
Dr. Short ! April-May.— ® or (f) Stem 6-18 inches long, usually decum-
bent, but sometimes erect or oblique, when young more or less hairy, but
often nearly glabrous except the sheaths and margin of the leaves. Lobes
of the leaves 1-2 lines wide, mostly obtuse. Umbel (except in /?.) either
entirely sessile or on a ver\^ short peduncle. Involucel at first equal to tlie
umbellets, but by the growth of the pedicels becoming much shorter. Petals

638 UMBELLIFERiE. Osmorhiza.

oval, entire, sometimes cuspidate ; the point extended or incurved. Fruit
about one-third of an inch long, and the length 4-5 times greater than the
breadth (in /?. about 3 times) : ribs rather flat.

"^ 2. C. Tamturieri (Hook. & Am.) : stem decumbent or erect ; leaves
bipinnately divided ; segments pinnatifid ; the lobes linear-oblong, rather
acute ; umbels opposite the leaves, usually sessile ; umbel of 2-3 rays ;
involucel of 4-5 ovate leaflets ; fruit linear-oblong, attenuated upwards ;
ribs very prominent, mucli broader than the intervals. — Hook. Sf Am. in
compan. to hot. mag. 1. p. 47.

a. fruit glabrous. Hook. Sf Arn. I. c. — C. daucophyllum, Nutt. ! mss.

0. fruit pubescent. Hook. Sf Am. I. c. — C. dasycarpum, Nutt.! mss.

Prairies and along rivers, Louisiana! Arkansas! Texas! — (T) ? Stem
slender, branching, usually more or less retrorsely hirsute. Leaves more
finely divided and the ultimate segments shorter than in the preceding
species ; the fruit also narrower and attenuated into a kind of beak.

C. arborescens (Linn.) was founded on " Cicuta arbor Virginiana," Banist. ex
Pluk. mant., a plant which is neither described nor figured in that work, and is
now altogether unknown. It is possibly Aralia spinosa.

41. OSMORHIZA. Raf. in jour, pliys. 1821 ,■ DC. prodr. 4. p. 232.

Uraspermum, Nutt.

Margin of the calyx obsolete. Petals oblong, nearly entire ; the point
cuspidate and incurved. Stylopodium conical. Fruit linear-elongated,
acutangular, solid, attenuated at the base, contracted at the sides. Ribs of
the carpels acute, upwardly bristly. Intervals without vittse. Commissure
with a deep bristly channel. Seed somewhat terete. — Perennial herbs
(natives of North America and Nepaul), with fusiform aromatic roots.
Leaves biternately divided ; the segments ovate or ovate-oblong, incisely
toothed. Umbels opposite the leaves. Involucre of 2-4 linear-lanceolate
leaflets. Involucel about 5-leaved. Flowers white. — Sioeet Cicely.

I 1. O. longistylis (DC.) : styles filiform, nearly as long as the ovary ;
fruit clavate.— J>C. prodr. 4. p. 232; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 271. t. 96 ;
Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 199. Uraspermum Claytoni, Nutt..' gen. 1. p. 193
(excl. syn.) ; Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 112; Sprcng. in Schult. syst. 6. j^-
508. Myrrhis foliis trilobatis, Gronov. ! Virg. pi. 148.

Rich moist soils, throughout Canada ! {Hooker) to New York ! and
Virginia ! west to Saskatchawan & Oregon. May. — Root fasciculate and
somewhat fleshy, of a sweet spicy flavor, resembling Anise., as is the rest of
the plant, though in a less degree. Stem 2-3 feet high, often pubescent
when young, as well as the petiole and peduncles ; at length nearly glabrous.
Radical and lower cauline leaves on long petioles ; the segments broadly
ovate, slightly pubescent both sides, shining underneath, somewhat lobed
towards the base. Umbels about 4-rayed, pedunculate ; the raj^s 1-2 inches
long. Involucre of 1-3 narrowly lanceolate and ciliate leaflets. Umbellets
3-6-flowered. Involucels of about 5 lanceolate cuspidate leaflets. Flowers
twice as large as in the succeeding species. Petals with a very long in-
curved point. Fruit dark green or blackish, hispid and much attenuate
below, rather obtuse at the summit, crowned with the slender and at length
diverging styles.

J-" 2. O. brevistylis {DC): styles conical, their length scarcely equal to the

Glycosma. UMBELLIFER;E. 639

breadth of tho ovary; fruit soniowhal lapcrinfj; at llio suinniit. — DC! jtrodr.
4. p. 232; Hook.! Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. ;>. 271, /. «)7 ; Bononrd, rffi. Sitcha,

1. c. p. 142 ; Darlingl. Jl. Crsl. p. 200. Myrrliis Claytoni, Michx. ! Jl. 1.
p. 170; Torr. ! Jl. l.p.SOS. Chrcropliylluin C'layloni, Pcrs. sijn. 1. p.

320; Ell. sk. 1. p. 358.' Uraspcnnum hirsutuin, Bigcl. Jl. Host. rd.

2. p. 112.

Rocky moist woods, Canada! to Pennsylvania! and South Carolina?
and west to Oregon, Dr. •SroM/er.' Nuttall! '':i\U•\\?^, Boui^ard. May. — KcK)t
of a sweetish but rather disagreeable taste, and without the anise flavor of
the preceding species. Stem pale green, when growing in dry and exposed
situations hoary-pubescent in the young state, but in shady jdaces nearly
glabrous. Leaves sprinkled with short hairs on both surfaces, somewhat
shining beneath ; secondary divisions piniiatifid ; the segments oblong, in-
cisely and sharply serrate. Umbel with longer rays than in tho jireceding
species. Involucre and involucels at length deciduous. Petals with a short
incurved point. — The Oregon ])lant Mr. Nuttall considers a distinct species,
which he calls O. divaricata.

42. GLYCOSMA. Nutl. viss.

Margin of the calyx obsolete. Petals obovate, emarginate, witJi a short
inflexed point. Styles very short. Stylopodium depressed. Fruit linear-
oblong, compressed at the sides, solid, glabrous. Carpels with 5 acutely
carinate ribs. Intervals without vittre. Carpophore 2-cleft. — A large peren-
nial herb, with the sweet anisate odor of Myrrhis. Leaves bitcrnately di-
vided; the segments incisely serrate. Umbels opposite the leaves, and
terminal. Involucre and involucel none. Flowers white.

Nearly allied to Myrrhis & Osmorhiza, differing from tho latter in its glabrous
fruit ; from the former in its solid fruit, extremely short styles, as well as in liabit ;
and from both, in the depressed (not conical) stylopodium, and the absence of in.
volucels.

G. occidentalis (Nutt. ! mss.)

Western side of the Blue Mountains of Oregon, Nuttall! In the interior
country of Oregon, Douglas !—P\anl slightly ])ubescent, 2-3 feet high, stout._
Stem terete, fistulous, branching. Lower leaves on long petioles ; those of
the stem sessile: segments about 2 inches long, lanceolate-oblong; the ter-
minal one usually 3-parted or lobed. Umbels on long peduncles, solitary
in the axils of the upper leaves, or 2-3 together at the summit of the branches,
about 8-rayed ; tlie rays unecjual, several of them bearing only abortive
flowers. Fruit blackish-green and shining, about as large as in Osmorhiza,
somewhat rostrate, crowned with 2 very minute diverging styles. Seed
adhering to the integuments, so that the fruit is solid : albumen ^\^th a deep
furrow in front.

Tribe XII. SMYRNIEiE. Koch; DC

Fruit turgid, mostly laterally compressed or contracted. Carpcia
with 5 ribs ; the lateral ones marginal or placed opposite the mar-
gin, sometimes nearly obliterated. Seed involute, or sulcatc on the
face. — Umbels compound.

640 UMBELLIFER^. Cynapium.

43. CONIUM. Linn. ; DC. prodr. 4. ^a 242.

Margin of the calyx obsolete. Petals obcordate, with a short inflexed
point. Fruit ovate, compressed at the sides. Carpels with 5 prominent
equal undulate-crenulate ribs ; the lateral ones marginal. Intervals with-
out vittse. Seed with a deep narrow groove on the face. — Biennial poison-
ous herbs. Root fusiform. Stem terete, branched. Leaves decompound.
Involucre and involucels 3-5-leaved ; the latter unilateral. Flowers white-
— Poison Hemlock.

f 1. C. maculatum (Linn.): stem glabrous, spotted ; segments of the leaves

lanceolate, pinnatifid, the lobes acute ; leaflets of the involucel lanceolate,

shorter than the umbel. — Linn. spec. 1. p. 243 ; Engl. bat. t. 1191 ; Pursh,

fl. 1. p. 195 ; Bigel. fl. Bost. eel. 2. p. 110, Sf mecl. hot. 1. p. 113, t. 11;

Torr.! fl. 1. p. 312; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 272.

Road sides and waste places, common in the Northern and Middle States :
introduced from Europe. July. — Root white and fleshy. Stem 2-5 feet
high, often spotted with purple. Leaves bright green, with long sheathing
petioles. Flowers in terminal umbels. Involucre about 5-leaved. Fruit
somewhat gibbous ; the ribs distinctly undulate. — The plant is a powerful
narcotic, and the leaves exhale a disagreeable odor when bruised.

44. EULOPHUS. Nutt. in DC. mem. Umb. p. 69, t. 2, f. M.

Perideridea, Reichenb.

Margin of the calyx 5-toothed, at length deciduous. Petals broadly obo-
vate, emarginate, Avith a long closely inflexed point. Fruit contracted at the
sides and somewhat didymous. Carpels with very indistinct ribs, surrounded
with contiguous large vittte. Commissure with 4 vittse. Transverse section
of the seed semilunar. Carpoiihore 2-parted. — A perennial glabrous herb.
Leaves biternately divided, with long narrow segments. Involucre none, or
of 1-2 setaceous leaflets. Involucels of several linear leaflets. Flowers
apparently white.

Differs from Physospermura, to which it is nearly allied, in its numerous vittse.

• ^ E. Americanus (Nutt. ! 1. c.) — DC. ! I. c, ^* in prodr. 4. j). 248.

Arkansas, Nuttedl! — Root thick and fusiform, 3-4 feet high. Stem terete,
finely striate, sparingly branched above. Cauline leaves with long clasping
sheaths ; the ultimate segments lanceolate-linear, acute, half an inch to an
inch or more in length : uppermost leaves ternately divided, with long nearly
entire segments. Umbels on long slender peduncles, 7-10-rayed, Fruit
about 2 lines long, ovate ; the pericarp separating from the seed at the com-
missure, leaving a considerable cavity. Vittas in a close row, completely
surrounding the seed, so that the ribs can scarcely be seen, filled with a
strong terebinthine oil.

45. CYNAPIUM. Nutt. mss.

Margin of the calyx obsolete. Petals broadly obovate, emarginate ; the
point inflexedi Stylopodium minute, depressed. Styles nearly as long as

Deweva. UMBELLIFER^.. C41

llie ovary, rcflexed. Fruit oval, moderately contraetetl at the sides. Carpels
with 5 aciuely carinate equidistant ribs. Vitl;e 3-5 in the intervals, 4-8 in
the comniissiire. Transverse section of the seed deeply reniforni, with a
central projection. Carpophore 2-partcd. — A tall perennial iierb. Leaves
biternately dissected. Involucre none. Involucel few-leaved, lateral.
Flowers white.

Allied to Eulophus and Physospermum, but differs in tho carinatcly ribbed
fruit, as well as in other cliaractcrs : tlio pericarp, as in those genera, separates
from the seed at the commissure, leaving a wide cavity.

-"-^C apiifolium (Nutt. ! niss.)

a. stem leafy ; segments of the leaves incisely serrate or toothed towfirds
the apex. — C. apiifolium, jSuU. ! mss.

(i. stem nearly naked above ; segments of the leaves entire or lobcd. —
C. nudicaule, Nutt. ! mss.

Plains of Oregon, near the confluence of tiie Wahlamet, Nuffall ! June-
July. — Stem 3-4 feet high, terete, braneiiing only towards the summit. Um-
bels 3-4, on long peduncles. Cauline leaves with tiie petiole ternately
divided to the short dilated slieath : secondary divisions pinnatifid ; the seg-
ments three-fourths to li inch long and half an inch or more in breadth ; the
serratures large and imicronate. Rays of the umbel 15-24, long and slender.
Fruit about 2i lines long, dark brown : ribs wide at the base, but strongly
keeled. Seed broadly and rather deeply grooved, with a longitudinal
projection or blunt ridge down the middle of tlic face, so that it is only im-
perfectly campylospermous.

46. DEWEYA.

Calyx-teeth 5, subulate, persistent. Petals obovate and obcordate, with a
long inflexed point. Styles long and slender. Stylopodium depressed.
Fruit oblong-elliptical, laterally compressed, glabrous, with 5 primary ele-
vated and somewhat winged ribs; the lateral ones marginal. Intervals with
3 vitta;. Commissure with 4 vitta;. Seed free ; the transverse section semi-
lunar.—A perennial glabrous herb. Leaves all radical, simply pinnately
divided; the segments broadly ovate and cordate, acutely and numerously
toothed. Umbel with many rays. Involucre none. Involucel 4-5-leaved ;
the leaflets lanceolate, entire, or Avith 2-3 cuspidate teeth. Flowers pale
yellow.— Taste of the fruit similar to that of Ligusticum Scoticum.

We dedicate this genus to our highly valued friend Professor C. Dewey, author
of an excellent monograph of Nortli American Carices, and of numerous memous
on various branches of natural science.

D. arguta. — Ligusticum argutum, Nutt. ! mss.

Woods of St. Diego, California, Nultall! April.—" Root large, tuberous
and somewhat fusiform." Leaves including the petioles, 6-8 inches long ;
the segments an inch or more in length, and nearly orbicular, of a tirm tex-
ture ; "the lowest pair distinctly peliolulafe ; terminal one often 3-lobed : all
sharply dentate completely round with numerous mucronate spreadmg
teeth. Peduncle \-\h foot long, sometimes bearing two umbels, terete, stout.
Rays of the umbel erect in fruit, 2-3 inches long ; of the umbellets 1-2 hues
long, crowded. Fruit neatly oiie-tliiid of an inch in length, moderately com-

81

642 UMBELLIFERjE. Musenium.

pressed, but not contracted at the commissure. Intervals broad and a little
convex, dark green. Seed free, but without any cavity between it and the
pericarp,

47. MUSENIUM. Nutt. mss.

" Margin of the calyx 5-toothed ; the teeth persistent. Petals obovate ; the
point inflexed. Styles slender, reflexed, rather long. Fruit ovate or ovate-
oblong, laterally compressed. Carpels more or less minutely scabrous, with
6 filiform acute slightly prominent ribs. Intervals with 2-3 vittae. Com-
missure with 4 vittfe. Carpophore 2-cleft. Seed with the sides moderately
incurved. Perennial dwarf rather foetid resiniferous (North American) herbs,
with fusiform roots, and a short caudex, or branching dichotomously from the
base. Leaves 2-3-pinnatifid. Involucre none. Involucels unilateral, of a
few rather rigid narrow leaflets. Flowers yellow or white." Nutt.

§ 1 . Stem dichotomous : floivers yellow.

1. M. divaricatum (Nutt. ! mss.) : decumbent ; stem short, dichotomously
branching from the base ; leaves bipinnatifid ; divisions confluent with the
winged rachis ; segments short, rather acutely toothed ; fruit somewhat gla-
brous.— Seseli divaricatum, Pursh, ft. 2. p. 1Z2? ; Nutt. gen. 1. p. 194 ;
DC. prodr. 4. p. 146.

/?. Hookeri : rachis narrow ; fruit scabrous, with elevated points. — M.
Hookeri, Nutt.! mss. Seseli divaricatum. Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 264;.
Sims, hot. 7nag. t. 1742. (ex Hook.)

Naked and arid hills and plains of the Upper Missouri, Nuttall ! ft. Plains
of the Upper Platte, near the Rocky Mountains, Nuttall! On the Saskatch-
awaii, Drummond! Douglas. May. — Plant about a span long. Leaves all,
except the radical ones, opposite, glabrous and shining : petiole and rachis
distinctly winged : lamina with an ovate outline ; primary and secondary
divisions 3-4 pairs ; the segments about one-third of an inch long, 3-4-
toothed. Peduncles 4-5 inches long, scabrous, naked, rigid, stout. Umbels
10-20-rayed ; the rays (in fruit) about half an inch long. Fruit 2 lines long,
oblong-ovate : pericarp thin : vittce filled with a strong terebinthine oil. —
The plant exudes small drops of resin spontaneously.

2. M. trachyspermum (Nutt. mss.) : "decumbent; leaves bipinnatifid;
segments pinnatifid, rather obtuse, the lobes often 2-3-cleft and very short ;
rachis ^vide ; fruit short, oval, pulverulently scabrous."

" With the preceding, to which it is nearly allied, but diff'ers in the fruit;
which is only half as large, the breadth nearly equalling the length. Invo-
lucel about 8-leaved, short." Nuttall.

3. M. angustifolium (Nutt. ! mss.) ; " decumbent, with several stems from
one root ; leaves bipinnatifid, with a wide rachis ; the uppermost almost sim-
ply pinnatifid ; segments lanceolate, entire, or acutely denticulate ; fruit ellip-
tical, slightly scabrous.

" Plains of the Upper Platte, witliin the Rocky Mountains. — Differs from
the preceding species in the longer leaves, and distant, narrow, less divided
segments." Nuttall.

§ 2. Stemless : flowers ivhite. — Daucophyllum, Nutt. mss.

4. M. tenuifolium (Nutt. ! mss.) : erect and somewhat cffispitose ; leaves

Apiastrum. UMBELLIFER^. 643

all radical, tripinnafcly divided ; the segments narrowly linear, acute ; fruit
nearly £;lal)n)iis.

Rocky Mountains, Ntdlall ! — Plant about a span liigli, of a glaucous hue,
growinc; in tufts. Leaves divided like those of the Carrot, but niucli smaller.
Peduncle much longer than the leaves, with a small crowded umliel of 12-
20 rays. Involucel T-O-parted ; the seijments lanceolate. Kruit (immature)
oblong-elliptical ; the ribs nearly obsolete : iiUervals with 'J-J conspi<uou8
vittai, which are filled with a more aromatic oil than in the species of ilie
preceding section.

Series 3. Seed with the base and tJie apex curved inwards, or sac
cately concave. (Subord. C(ELosrERMiE, DC.)

Tribe XIII. CORIANDREiE. Koch; DC.

Fruit globose ; or the carpels subglobose and didymous : primary
ribs of each carpel 5, depressed and ilcxuous, or nearly obsolete ;
the secondary ones 4, more prominent : all wingless. — Umbels
compound.

48. ATREMA. DC. mem. Umb. p. 71, t. 18, S^- prodr. 4. p. 250.

Calyx-teeth 5, acute, small, persistent. Petals obovate, deeply emar-
ginate. Fruit didymous. Carpels subglobose, ventricose, with 4 some-
what prominent ribs. Vittae none. Commissure closed. Seed conspi-
cuously involute at the base and summit. — An annual herb, with angular
stems; the angles, as well as the rays of the umbels and margin of the
leaves, muricate-scabrous. Leaves many-cleft, with linear segments.
Umbel and umbellets 5-8-rayed. Involucre and involucels of several
3-cleft or entire leaflets. Flowers white. Fruit w'lih but little taste, from
the absence of vitta;.

'A. Americana (DC. ! 1. c.)

Prairies of Arkansas, Nutlall! Dr. Leavenworth! Dr. Hale! Texas,
Drummond /—Plant 12-18 inches high, every part, particularly the angles
of the stem near eacli leaf and below the umbel, roughened with minute
callous points. Segments of the leaves almost capillary. Rays of the
umbel about an incli long. Involucellate leaves 2-4, ("entire," DC, but
trifid in his figure!) divided to the middle; the segments subulate. Fruit
resembling that of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), but rather smaller :
the primary ribs shghtly prominent and somewhat flexuous.

49. APIASTRUM. Nutt. mss. .

Margin of the calyx nearly obsolete. Petals somewhat orbicular, entire,
concave (not inflexed at the apex). Styles very short. Stylopodium minute.
Fruit didymous, much contracted at the commissure. Carpels ovate-
globose, with 5 slightly elevated rugulose ribs, and single vittae in the in-

644 UMBELLIFERtE. Ekigenia.

tervals. Carpophore 2-cleft. Seed excavated in front, and incurved at the
apex and base. — Small glabrous dichotomously branched (Californian)
annuals. Leaves many-parted, with narrow linear segments. Umbels
axillary, sessile, of few rays. Involucre and involucels none. Flowers
white. " Fruit with the taste of Sison Amomum." Nutt.

Perhaps not of this tribe ; but the seed is ccelospermous. The habit of the
genus is that of Leptocaulis.

1. A. an gusti folium (Nutt.! rnss.): "leaves triternately divided ; the
divisions of the upper cauline ones simply 3-parted ; segments narrowly
linear."

/8. tenellum (Nutt. mss.) : " stem dichotomous from the base ; leaves less
divided ; rays of the umbel very slender ; umbellets 1-2-flowered ; seed
more rugulose."

St. Diego, California, Nuttall ! April. — Stem about a span long, erect or
spreading. Segments of the leaves about half a line in breadth. Rays of
the umbel 2-4. Umbellets 3-4-flowered ; the pedicels slender, about one^
third of an inch long. Fruit scarcely half the size of a mustard seed ; the
ribs, especially in the dry state, distinctly rugulose.

2. A. lali folium {l^ntt.\ mss.): " leaves biternately divided ; the divisions
of the lower cauline ones 2-3-cleft ; segments oblong. — Leptocaulis inermis,
Hook. Sf Am. hot. Beechey, su])j)l. p. 347 ? not of Nutt.

With the preceding, Nuttall! Douglas .'—This seems to differ from A.
angustifolium chiefly in the leaves being less divided, and the lobes broader.
The plant of Hooker & Arnott here cited, is probably the same as ours ;
for it exists in Douglas's Californian collection; while the Leptocaulis
inermis does not. Hooker & Arnott also state that the fruit is much broader
than in the other species (of Leptocaulis), and rugulose, or very slightly
tuberculate ; in which respects it agrees with Apiastrum.

60. ERIGENL\. Nutt. gen. 1. p. 187; DC. prodr. 4. p. 71.

Margin of the calyx obsolete. Petals obovate-spatulate, flat, entire.
Stylopodium depressed. Styles filiform, longer than the ovary, recurved.
Fruit contracted at the commissure, didymous. Carpels ovate-reniforin (one
of them often abortive) : ribs filiform; the 3 dorsal ones slightly prominent ;
the lateral ones near the commissure and indistinct. Intervals without
vittEe. Seed with a deep broad cavity on the face, gibbously convex on the
back. — A small glabrous vernal perennial, with a globose tuberous root, and
a short caudex. Leaves 1-2, nearly radical, 2-3-ternately divided ; the
segments pinnately 3-5-parted. Peduncle elongated. Umbel of 3-4 rays,
compound, subtended by a involucre of a single bipinnatifid leaf; or the
peduncle may be regarded as a branch, bearing a single sessile leaf and a
compound sessile umbel at the summit. Involucel of 3-6 linear-oblong
entire leaflets. Umbellets 3-5-flowered. Flowers white.

This genus has no affinity with Hydrocolylc, as Mr. Nuttall has correctly re-
marked, although it was left in that genus by Richard, and referred, though doubt-

Erige.ma. UMBELLIFER/E. 645

fully, to the tribo Hydrocotylcoj by Do Candolle. Tho sood is certainly coilo.
Bporinoiis. It does not, however, well agree wilii tho tribo Coriandreif : perliapH a
distinct tribe should be established for its reception.

E. bulhosa (Nutt. ! 1. c.) — DC. ! prodr. I. c. Sison bulbosimi, Mirhx. !

Jl. 1. p. IGO. Hyilrocotylo coin|)<isitu, Pursli, Jl. 1. p. I'JO ; Spreni^. in
SchuU. syst. 6. p. ;355 ; Torr.! Jl. 1. p. 304. 11. aiiibigua, Fursit, I. c. 2.

p. 732. II. bipiiiiiata, Miilil. cat. cd. 2. p. "29.

Shady alluvial soils, Biillalo, New York ! and western parts of Pennsyl-
vania ! and (in llic Ohio ! iNIissonri and oilier rivers of the Westfrn Stales.
Mareli-Ai)ril. — Tubenms root about half an ineh in diameter. Caudex l-'J
inches lii2;h. Leaf .solitary < the petiole twice ;5-])aried : secondary <livisions
bipinnatciy dissected; the lobes linear-obloni,', mostly obtuse. Veduucles
solitary, or sometimes 2 or even 3, from the sheathing base of the petiole,
2-6 inches long. Involucral leaf resembling the radical one, but sessile and
much smaller. Umbellcts usually 3, at length shorter than the leaflets of
the involucel. Petals exj)anding. Antljers dark purple. Styles tapering,
with very minute stigmas.*

* The Tribes in this Order are so numerous that a conspectus or analysis, liko
the following, will probably be useful to tho student :

Ser. I. ORTHOSPERM^.— Albumen flat or flattish on the face.

Umbels simple or imperfect : vittae usually none.

Fruit laterally compressed 1. IIvoRocoTYLEiE.

Fruit ovate-globose 2. Sanicule.e.

Umbels compound or perfect : vitta; various.

Fruit with primary ribs only, compressed laterally or didymous. 3. AsiMiXEiE.
Fruit with primary ribs only ; the transverse section orbicular. 4. SeselinejE.
Fruit with primary ribs only, compressed dorsally.

Margin of the carpels dilated into a double wing. . . 5. Angelice.b.
Margin of the carpels dilated into a single wing. . . 6. PEUcEDANEiE.
Fruit with both primary and secondary ribs.

Ribs all wingless : fruit somewhat laterally contracted. . 7. Cumixe^e.
Secondary ribs mostly winged : fruit terete or some-
what compressed dorsally.

Wings unarmed 8. THASPiEiE.

Wings prickly, or the secondary ribs armed with prickles.

9. DaucinejE.

Ser. 2. CAMFYLOSPERI\LE.— Albumen with a longitudinal groove
internally, or the margins involute.

Fruit with both primary and secondary ribs, all prickly. . 10. Calcali.ne.e.
Fruit with primary ribs only, laterally compressed.

Fruit elongated H- ScANDiciNEiE.

Fruit turgid 12. Smvrme.e.

Ser. 3. CCELOSPERMiE.— Albumen involute at the base and apex.
Fruit laterally compressed, didymous, or globose. ... 13. Cori.\.ndrex.

646 ARALIACE^. Aralia.

Order LXIX. ARALIACEiE. Jtiss.

Calyx adherent to the ovary ; the limb usually very small, entire
or toothed. Petals 5-10, valvate in aestivation, very rarely none.
Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them : filaments
short (2-parted in Adoxa) : anthers introrse. Ovary crowned with
an epigynous disk, 2-15-celled, with a solitary suspended ovule in
each cell : styles erect and connivent, or spreading : stigmas simple.
Fruit drupaceous, or baccate, sometimes nearly dry, but the carpels
not separating : endocarp chartaceous or membranaceous. Seed
solitary in each cell, anatropous. Embryo short, at the base of the
copious fleshy albumen. — Shrubs, trees, or perennial herbs, with com-
pound or simple exstipulate leaves ; the petioles thickened and
dilated at the base. Flowers mostly umbellate ; the umbels often
paniculate or racemed.

1. ARALIA. Limi. ; Don, prodr.fl. Nep. ; DC. prodr. 4. p. 257.

Flowers mostly perfect. Limb of the calyx short, 5-toothed or entire.
Petals 5, spreading. Stamens 5, alternate with the petals : filaments short.
Styles 5, at length divaricate. Drupe baccate, 5-lobed, 5-celled ; the endo-
carp chartaceous. — Shrubs, trees, or perennial herbs, with mostly compound
leaves. Petioles sheathing at the base. Umbels often panicled.

* Unarmed, mostly herbaceous.

'■■ 1. ^. racemosa (Linn.) : stem herbaceous, divaricately branched; leaves
ternately and quinately decompound ; leaflets cordate-ovate, acuminate,
doubly serrate, slightly pubescent ; umbels (small) numerous, disposed in
large doubly compound racemose panicles; involucre minute or almost none.
—Linn. ! spec. I. p. 273 ; Michx. ! fi. l.p.lSb; Sclik. handb. t. 86 ; Bigel.
fl. Bost. ed. -2. p. 122; DC! prodr. 4. p. 257; Hook. ! fi. Bor.-Am. 1. p.
174; Darlimrt. fl. Cest. p. 209.

Rich woodlands, Canada ! from the Saskatcbawan to the mountains of
Georgia, and west to the base of the Rocky Mountains, Dr. James! July. —
Root large and thick, strongly aromatic, as well as the wliole plant. Stem
3-5 feet high, widely spreading. Leaves and panicles very large. Flowers
small, greenish-white. Styles united below. Fruit small, dark-purple.
— Spikenard.

2. A, nudicaulis (Linn.) : stem very short or none ; leaf mostly solitary,
radical ; the petiole elongated, 3-cleft, each division pinnately 5-foliolate ;
leaflets oblong-ovate or oval, acuminate, serrate ; scape shorter than the leaf;
umbels 3, not involucrate. — Linn. ! spec. 1. ^j. 274 ; Michx. ! fl. 1. p. 185;
Torr. ! fl.l. p. 327 ; Raf. med. hot. 1, <. 8 ; Bigel. ! fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 122 ;
DC! prodr. 4:. p. 257 ; 'Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 274 ; Darlingt. l. c.

Rich rocky woodlands, Canada ! from lat. 64°, and the Rocky Mountains,
and Labrador ! to the mountainous portions of the Soudiern States ! May. —
Root very long, prostrate, aromatic. Scape sheathed at the base by scarious

Panax. ARALIACEiT!. 647

scales. Umbels globose ; the pedicels slender. Flowers greenisli-whitc.
Fruit purplisli-lilack when mature, juicy ; ihc cndocarp strongly 3-anpled.
— Sarsapar'illa. — The root is em|)loyed as a substitute for llie otficinal Sar-
saparilla : it is also used medicinally by the aborigines.

-j—Z. A. hispida (Michx.) : stem a little shrubby at tlie base and very hispid
with rigid bristles ; leaves bipinnatcly compound ; the petiole often hispid;
pinnEC about 3 pairs with a terminal one ; leadets oblong-ovate, acute, iu-
cisely serrate, glabrous; umbels several, in a terminal pedunculate corymb;
involucre of numerous setaceous leaflets. — M'lclix. ! Jl. 1. p. Ido ; Vent. hart.
Cels. t. 41 ; Sims, hot. mao-. t. 1041 ; LodJ. Lot. cah. I. 1.3()(; ; Torr. ! fl.
I. c. ; DC. ! I. c. ; Hook. I. c. A. Muhlonbergiana, Schidt. sifst. fi. p. 704.

In rocky places, Canada ! from Hudson's Bay, Newfoundland ! and tlie
New England States! to the mountains of Virginia. .Tune-July. — Stem
1-2 feet liigh. Leaflets small. Flowers white, in rather large umbels: pe-
dicels filiform. — Wild Elder.

* * Shrubby or arborescent, prickly.

~j^- A. spinosa (Linn.) : stem arborescent, prickly, as also the petioles ;
leaves bipinnately compound; leaflets ovate, acuminate, serrate, mostly gla-
brous, glaucous beneath; umbels in a very large and much branched (pube-
rulent) panicle, somewhat racemose on the branches; involucre very small
and few-leaved. — Linn..' spec. 1. p. 273 ; Miclix. .' Jl. 1. jJ. ISG > Pursh,
fl. l.p. 209; Ell. sk. 1. p. 373; VC. ! I. c.

0. petioles not prickly. — A. spinosa (i. ineniiis, Pursh, I. c.

y. " entirely glabrous ; leaflets cordate-ovate, slightly serrulate or near-
ly entire ; the lower leaves mostly unarmed." — A. spinosa /?. glabra,
Nutt. ! mss.

Rich damp woods, Virginia ! to Florida ! Louisiana ! and Arkansas !
June-Aug. — " Plant shooting up many straight shrubby unbranched stems,
naked and prickly below, with the leaves crowded at the summit of the
stems, like the palm-trees" {Ell.) : often forming a tree, which " in rich
soils attains the height of 30-40, or even GO feet, with a diameter of 3-12
inches." {Prof. Carpenter.) Petioles 2-4 feet long : a pair of leaflets usually
subtends each pair of pinnae. Petals white. Styles at first connivent. The
flowers are ajjparently sometimes polygamous : at least many do not become
fertilized. (The bark of tlie fresh root is employed medicinally, being both
emetic and cathartic, &;c. It is also one of the popular remedies for the bite
of the Rattlesnake.) — Prickly- Ash. Angelica-tree.

2. PANAX. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 860 ; Endl. gen. p. 793.

Flowers polygamous. Limb of the calyx very shori, obscurely 5-(oothed.
Petals 5, spreading. Stamens 5, alternate with the petals: filaments short.
Fruit fleshy, drupaceous, compressed, orbicular or didymous, 2-3-celled ;
the endocarp coriaceo-chartaceous. — Perennial herbs, shrubs, or trees, some-
what diverse in habit. Petioles sheathing at the base.

§ 1 . Herbaceous, unarmed : root tuberous : leaves {ternalebj) verticillate al
the summit of the stem, palmately compound : umbel solitary, simple, on a
long peduncle. — Eupanax. (Aureliana, Calesh.)

K

-' "l. P. quinquefolium (Linn.) : root fusiform, often branched; leaflets 5, or
6-7, much petiolulate, obovate-oblong, acuminate, the midrib and nerves
mostly glabrous ; the lateral ones smaller ; peduncle about as long as the

648 ARALIACEiE. Adoxa.

petioles; styles and cells of the ovary 2. — Linn. ! spec. 2. p. 1058 {Catesh.
Car. appx. t. 10) ; Michx. ! fi. 2. p. 256 ; Pursh! fl. 1. p. 191 ,- Bot. mag.
t. 1333 ; Bigel. mcd. bot. 3. p. 82, t. 29 ,• Bart. veg. mat. med. t. 45 ; Torr.!
ji. 1. p. 292 ; DC. ! prodr. 4. p. 252 ; Hook. ! jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 273 ;
Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 181.

Rich woods, Canada ! to the mountains of the Southern States. July. —
Root 3-6 inches in length, transversely wrinkled, aromatic (slightly stimu-
lant). Petals yellowish-green. Fruit haccate and bright crimson when

ripe. The P. pseudo-Ginseng, Wall, of Nepaul (beautifully figured in the

Plantce Asiaticce Rariores) exceedingly resembles our own well-known
Ginseng.

' 2. P. trifolium (Linn.): polygamo-dioscious ; root globose; leaflets 3-5,
' lanceolate-oblong, not petiolulate ; peduncle nearly as long as the leaves ;
styles and cells of the ovary mostly 3. — Lin7i. I. c. ; Michx.! I. c. ; Torr. !
fl. l.p. 291 ,• DC. ! I. c. ! Hook. ! I. c. ; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 182. P. pu-
silla, Sirns, hot. mag. t. 1334.

Shady woods along streams, Canada ! to the mountains of the Southern
States ! April. — Tuber deep in the ground, pungent to the taste. Stem 4-8
inches high. Flowers white. Fruit yellowish-green. — Dicarf Ginseng.
Ground-Nut.

§ 2. Shrubby or arborescent, prickly : leaves pabnately lobed, scattered :
umbels mostly racemcd or fanicled. — Oplopanax.

p. horridum (Smith) : creeping at the base, very prickly in every part ;
leaves roundish-cordate, palmately lobed, incisely serrate ; umbels capitate
(the flowers often scattered), ]ieduncled, disposed in a long raceme ; styles
and cells of the ovary 2. — Smith ! in Bees, cyclop. ; DC. -prodr. 4. p. 252 ;
Bongard, mg. Sitcha, I. c. p. 143 ; Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 273, t. 98.
Araiia erinacea, Hook. ! in Edinh. phil. jour. 1827 ,- DC p>rodr. 4.
p. 259.

Shady fir woods, N. W. Coast and Islands, from Sitcha [Bongard), Char-
lotte Sound, &c., to the Oregon, the interior of California, and the Rocky
Mountains, Mcnzies ! Dr.Scoulcr! Douglas! Nuttall! Drummond ! and
occasionally found on the east side of the Rocky Mountains, according to
Drummond. — Stem thick, 6-12 feet high : prickles acicular, yellow. Leaves
very large. — The entangled stems are a great impediment to travellers in
the woods of the North West Coast.

3.? ADOXA. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 320 ; Koch,fl. Germ. S^ Helv. p. 323 ;
Endl. gen. p. 793.

Flowers perfect. Tube of the calyx coherent with the lower part of the
ovary ; the limb slightly 2-3-cleft. Petals 4-5, inserted on the limb of the
calyx, united at the base, spreading. Stamens 4-5, each filament 2-parted ;
the divisions bearing each a single-celled peltate anther. Styles 4-5, subu-
late. Fruit an herbaceous and juicy berry, 4-5-celled ; each cell with a
single suspended seed. Seeds compressed, with a membranaceous margin.
— A small and slender perennial herb (indigenous to the north of Europe,
Asia, and America), with the odor of musk : root tuberous. Radical leaves
2-ternately compound, on long petioles ; the cauline solitary, 1-2-ternate or
incised. Flowers 4-6 (greenish), in a terminal capitulum ; the lateral ones
mostly pentamerous, the terminal tetramerous.

CoRNUs. CORNACEiE. Mtf

A. Moschatcllina (Linn.) — Fl. Dan. t. 94 ; Enfrl. hot. l. 453; Gttrtn. fr.
t.l\2; Schk. hamlb. I. \m ; D^ / ;;rw/r. '2. ;;. 451 ; Richards. ! appx.
Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. 13; Torr. .' in ami. lijQ. New York, 1. p. 32;
Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 273.

In the woody country between lat. 54° and 04°, Richardson! and on the
Rocky Mountains as far south as about lat. 42^, Dr. James! Drummond!
but only on the higher peaks. — Koch, who seems first to have described
Adoxa correctly, refers it to Caprifoliace.e.

Order LXX. CORNACE^. DC.

Calyx adherent to the ovary ; the limb 4-5.toothcd, minute, or
4-5-lobed, with a valvate ajstivation. Petals distinct, equal in num-
ber to the teeth of the calyx, and inserted alternately with them
into the margin of the epigynous disk, broad at the base : aestivation
valvate. Stamens 4-5, inserted with the petals and alternate with
them : anthers introrse, mostly cordate. Ovary 1-2-celled, with a
solitary pendulous ovule in each cell : styles single. Drupes bac
cate, with a 1-2. celled nucleus, crowned with the remains of the
calyx. Seeds anatropous. Embryo nearly the length ol" the lleshy
albumen ; the radicle shorter than the oblong cotyledons. — Trees or
shrubs, rarely herbaceous, with a bitter bark. Leaves opposite (or
rarely somewhat alternate), mostly entire, exstipulate, pinnately
veined. Flowers cymose ; the inflorescence sometimes capitate
and involucrate, rarely dioecious. Hairs centrally affixed.

The centrally affixed bicuspidate hairs, like those of IMalpighia, which are
noticed by De Candolle in one or two species of Cornus, are common to tlio whole
genus* as well as to Benthamia, and Mastixia pentandra, Blume. The latter (a
epecimen of which we have examined in the herbarium of the Lyceum of Natural
History, New York,) is a true Cornaceous plant, and the loaves are, at least
sometimes, opposite.

1. CORNUS. Toum. ; Gcertn.fr. t. 26 ; DHcr. Com. ; Endl. gen. p. 798.

Limb of the calyx 4-toothed, minute. Petals oblong, spreading. Fila-
ments filiform. Style subclavate : stigma obtuse or capitate. Drupes not
connate into a syncarpium. — Leaves entire, minutely scabrous with the
appressed bicuspidate hairs. Flowers white, rarely yellow. (Bark very
bitter, tonic.) — Dogwood.

§ 1. Flowers cymose : involucre none.
-^ — 1, C. alternifolia (Linn, f.) : branches alternate (greenish) ; leaves more

» They are noticed, we find, by Prof. Zuccarini, in the Flora Japonica, now
publishing.

82

650 COKNACEiE. Cornus.

or less alternate, broadly oval, acuminate, glabrous above, the lower surface
whitish and scabrous with a minute appressed pubescence ; cymes loose,
spreading ; drupes deep blue. — Linn. f. suppl. 2J. 125 ; UHer. ! Corn. p.
10, <. 6 ,• Willd. ! spec. 1. p. 664 ; Michx. ! fl. 1. ^?. 93 ; Torr..' fi.l. p.
100 ; Guimpel, Otto, S^- Hayne, holz. t. 43 ; DC! prodr. 4. p. 271 ; Dar-
lingt. Jl. Cest. p. 108. C. alterna, Marsh, arhust.

In moist woods and thickets, Canada ! and Northern States ! and along
the AUeghanies to the mountains of S. Carolina, and west to Kentucky !
May-June. — A small tree (10-20 feet), with a widely spreading depressed
top, and a smooth yellowish-green bark, which is generally streaked with
oblong white spots or warts. Petioles slender. Flowers cream-color.

2. C. circinata (L'Her.) : branches (greenish) spotted, verrucose ; leaves
(large) very broadly oval or orbicular, abruptly acuminate, tomentose be-
neath with a soft whitish pubescence; cymes rather small, depressed;
drupes ovoid-globose, light blue. — L'Her. ! I. c. p. 9, t. 3 (bad) ; Willd. !
I. c. ; Guimpel, Otto, S^- Hayne, holz. I. 86 ,• Torr. ! fl.l. p. 179 ; Bigel.fl.
Bost. ed.2. p. 276. C. ragosa, Lam. diet. 2. p. '[lb? C. tomentulosa,
Michx.! fl. 1. p. 91.

Shady banks of streams, Canada ! to the mountains of Virginia, and west
to Indiana I not abundant. June. — Shrub 4-8 feet high, with straight slen-
der branches. Leaves 4-5 inches in length, and nearly of the same width,
scabrous above, the veins prominent beneath and sometimes rusty-colored.
Petals ovate, white. Drupe at length whitish (ex L'Her.), small, tipped
with the persistent style.

3. C. siolonifera (Michx.) : stems often reclined and stoloniferous ; the
shoots virgate, bright reddish-purple ; branches glabrous, a little spreading ;
leaves ovate, slightly acuminate, obtuse at the base, scabrous with a minute
appressed pubescence on both sides, whitish beneath; cymes small, flat,
rather crowded, nearly glabrous ; petals ovate; drupes wliite. — Michx. ! fl.
1. p. 92. C. alba, Wang. Amer. p. 91; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 109; Bigcl. fl.
Bost. cd. 2. p. 58 ; Richards, appx. FranM. journ. ed. 2. p. 5 ; Hook. ! fl.
Bor.-Am.. I. p. 276 (partly). C. alba, partly, VHer. I. c. ; Willd.! I. c. ;
DC. ! I. c. C. sanguinea, Pursh, I. c. ? not oi Linn. C. Purshii, Don, syst.
gard. Sf hot. 3. p. 399.

Banks of streams and in sphagnous swamps, Newfoundland! and through-
out Canada! (from lat. 69°, ex Richards.) and the Northern States! to about
lat 42° : west to Ohio ! and Missouri. May-June. — Stems sometimes erect,
5-10 feet high; but usually prostrate and rooting, sending up numerous slen-
der shoots, clothed with a red si^arsely punctate bark. Drupes globose,
white (lead-colored when fully ripe, ex Richards.) : according to Nuttall they
are eaten by the Missouri Indians, and Dr. Richardson remarks that the
bears fatten upon them. — The Cornus alba of Linnteus was established on
the Siberian species, which is quite distinct from the North American plant.
The former (of which we have examined a specimen cultivated in the Gar-
den of Plants at Paris, under the name of " C. Sibirica, Loddig. C. alba,
Pallas.^'') has lanceolate petals, and thick divaricate or recurved branches.
The latter character has been copied by succeeding authors in their descrip-
tion of the North American plant, although it is quite inapplicable. Accord-
ing to Michaux, this species is called " Osier rouge" by the Canadians. C.
sanguinea is mentioned by Linnteus and other authors as indigenous to North
America also : we have never seen a native specimen, neither is it found in
any of the collections from British America; and we presume this to be the
species intended.

4. C paniculala (L'Her.): branches (grayish) erect, glabrous; leaves
ovate-lanceolate or oval, finely acuminate, acute at the base, scabrous with a

CoR.NL's. cornace;e. esi

very minute appresscd pubescence, whitisfi beneath ; cymes loose, convex or
usually paniculate, glabrous; |)etals lanceohile ; drupes small, depressed-
globose, wliite. — Utitr. ! I. c. p. 9, I. 5 ; WilLd. ! spec. 1. p. GfJ4 ; J'ursh, ft,.
1. p. 109; Ell. sk. 1. p. 209?; Torr.! Ji. I. c. ; DC! L c. ; Hook. Jl.
Bor.-Am. \. p. 'lib; Darlingt. Jl. Cesl. p. 108. C. racemosa, Lam. did. l.
c? C. candidissinia. Marsh, arbust. ex Darlin^t.

Tliickets and hill-sides and banksof streams, Canada and Northern Slates!
to Carolina (ex Pursh, S^r.): west to the Mississippi. May-June. — Stem
erect, 4-8 feet higli, covered with a light grayish bark : that of the young
branches i)ale purplish-brown, dotted. Cymes very numerous, thyrsoid,
elongated in fruit. Calyx-teeth triangular, very short. Ovary canescent.
Anthers yellowish. Drupes about the size of a small j)ea, whun fully
ripe ac(piiring a slight leaden tinge. — This is a very beautiful plant when in
flower: it is much (and somewhat fastigiately) branched, and bears the
greatest profusion of small pure white blossoms. Notwiihstanding the opinion
expressed bv Hooker and Darlington, we are confident that no two species of
the genus are more distinct than this and C. stolonifera. It is much more
nearly allied to the succeeding species, which seems to take its place in the
Southern States; where we doubt if C. paniculata occurs, except perhaps in
the mountains.

_/— ^. C. stricta (Lam.): branches erect (fuscous), glabrous; leaves ovate or
' ovate-lanceolate, nearly glabrous and of the same color both sides, conspicu-
ously acuminate, rather acute at the base; cymes loose, sometimes a little
paniculate, glabrous; calyx-teeth linear-subulate; petals ovate-lanceolate,
acute; anthers pale blue; drupes subglobose, pale blue. — Lam. diet. 2. p.
116 ; L'Her. I. c. p. 8, t. 5 ; Pursh, I. c. ; Ell. sk. I. p. 209 ; DC. prodr. 4.
p. 272. (sub nom. C. striata.) C. sanguinea, Walt. Car. p. 88 ? C. cya-
nocarpus, Ginel. syst. veg. 1. p. 2bl. C. fastigiata, Michx. ! jl. \.p. 92.

In swamps, Virginia' to Georgia! April. — Shrub 8-15 feet high, with
brownish branches: branchlets (piadrangular. Leaves when young more or
less pubescent, at lengtli glabrous, liglit green on both surfaces, but very
slightly paler beneath. Cymes more flat than in C. paniculata; and the
flowers larger: the calyx-teeth are also longer. Drupes (ex descr.) blue ex-
ternally, the pulp white. — Pursh erroneously gives Canada as a habitat of
this species. We believe it is confined to the Southern States. De Candolle
states it to be also a native of Mexico.

'"^ 6. C. asperifolia (Michx.): branches erect, scabrous-pubescent; leaves
' oblong-ovate or mostly oval-hmceolate, on very short petioles, acimiinate,
hispicUy scabrous above, tomentose-pubescent beneath; cymes fastigiate,
scabrous with a minutely hispid pubescence; calyx-teeth minute; petals
oblong-lanceolate (fruit unknown).— M/c/u-. .' fl. \. p. 93; Ell. sk. 1. p. 209.
C. sericea, y. DC! jrrodr. 4. p. 272.

/?. ? branches spreading ; leaves mostly larger and ovate ; petioles a little
longer.

Dry sandy soil, S. Carolina! Georgia! and Florida! /?. Kentucky, Dr.
Short! June.— This appears to be a" very distinct species, resembling C
stricta rather than C. sericea (but our P. again is near the latter), with small
and usually quite narrow rough leaves. The anthers are blue, or, according
to Elliott, purple.
^- 7, C sericea (Linn.) : branches spreading (purplish) ; the branchlets, cymes
and petioles lanuginous; leaves ovate or elliptical, acuminate, nearly gla-
brous above, silkv-pubescent beneath; cymes depressed, crowded; calyx-
teeth lanceolate ; petals lanceolate-oblong, obtuse ; drupes subglobose, pale
blue— I-inn. mant. p. 199, 6; syst. veg. ed. Murray, p. 159; L'Her.! I. c.
p. 5, t. 2 ; Wind. ! spec. I. c. ; Pursh, I. c. ; Ell. I. c. ; Torr. ! fl.l. p. 178 ;

652 CORNACEiE. Corn us.

DC! prodr. 4. p. 472; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 107. C. alba? Walt. I. c.
C. cserulea, Lam. I. c? C. rubiginosa,' £/ir/i. heitr.? C. lanuginosa,
Michx! fl. \. J)- 92- C. cyanocarpus, Mcench, not of Gmel. C. obliqua,
Raf. ! ann. nat. p. 13.

0.? occidentalis : leaves larger, more tome ntose beneath. — C. circinata,
Cham. Sf Schlecht. in Linncea, 3. p. 139. C. alba /?. Hook.! I. c. C.
pubescens, Nutt. 7nss.

Banks of streams and in wet meadows, Canada! to Georgia! and Louisia-
na. May-June. 0. N. W. Coast, Douglas, Mr. Tohnie! Dr. Scouler! and
St. Francisco, California, Chamisso. — Stem 6-10 feet high ; the bark greenish-
purple or usually brownish-purple. Leaves pale green, commonly narrowly
ovate and conspicuously acuminate ; sometimes almost lanceolate ; some-
times large, broadly ovate, and at length nearly glabrous (except the
veins) beneath : pubescence of the lower surface soft, either whitish or
rusty-colored, especially the veins. Petals yellowish-white. Stigma thick,
capitate. — A well-marked species, although exhibiting many diversities in
foliage.

§ 2. Flowers capitate, surrounded by a petaloid involucre : trees.

' •' 8. C florida (Linn.) : leaves of the involucre 4, obcordate, or with a callous
notch at the apex; drupes oval; leaves ovate, acuminate. — Linn. ! hort.
Cliff, p. 38, 6^- spec. I. p. 117,- Willd.! spec. 1. p. 661 ; VHer. I. c. p. 4 ,•
Michx.! fl,. 1. 1J. 91 ; Bot. mag. t. 526; Michx. f. sylv. t. 48; Bigel. med-.
hot. 2. t. 73 ; Bart. veg. mat. med. 1, t. 3; Ml. sk. 1. p. 207 ;' Darlingt. fl,
Cest. p. 107 ; Guimp. Otto, Sj' Hayne, holz. ;. 19.

Woods and low grounds, Canada! to Florida and Louisiana! May-
June : in the Southern States, March-April. — Tree 15-30 feet high, with
expanding branches ; the bark grey: wood hard and close-grained. Leaves
ovate or elliptic, acute at the base, whitish beneath ; when young pubescent,
especially on the veins. Involucre about 3 inches in diameter, white, often
with a tinge of red. Petals greenish-yellow. Drupes bright red. — Common
Dogwood. Flowering Dogwood.

9. C Nuttallii (Audubon) : leaves of the involucre 4-6, obovate, acute or
acuminate, narrowed at the base; drupes oval; leaves oval, scarcely acu-
minate.^Audubon ! birds of Amer. t. 367. C. florida, Hook. fl. Bor.-Am.
1.7). 277, partly.

Oregon, Dr. Scouler! Mr. Tohnie! Nuttall! — Mr. Nuttall considers this a
very distinct species, and we incline to this opinion, although the involucre is
not constantly 6-leaved. The heads and involucres are usually considerably
larger than in C. florida.

§ 3. Floicers in contracted umbel-like cyjnes, surrounded by a petaloid
involucre : stems herbaceous.

•'"' 10. C Canadensis (Linn.) : flowering steriis simple, ascending, the subter-
ranean trunk creeping, a little woody.; upper leaves verticillate, on very
short petioles; involucre 4-leaved, much longer than tiie flowers; petals
greenish-white ; drupes bright red, subglobose. — Linn. aman. acad. 1. p.
157, l<fspec. I. c. ; L'Her. I. c. p. 2, t. 1; Bot. mag. t. 880 ; Michx.! fl. 1.
p. 91 ; Bigel.! fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 57; Torr. ! I. c. ; DC. ! prodr. I. c. ;
Cham. Sf' Schlecht. in Linncea, 3. p. 138 ; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 277.

Damp woods and shady swamps, Pennsylvania and New England States
to Labrador ! and Newfoundland ! and nearly to the Arctic Coast, (as far as
the Pine woods extend, Richardson) : west to Oregon ! Unalaschka and
Sitcha! May-June. — Flowering stems about 6 inches high, with one or

Corn us. CORNACEiE. f]53

two pairs of opposite leaves, or somctimps bracts, and a whorl of about G
oval or ovate acuminate leaves at the summit. Those leaves arc iidt strictly
verticillate, but the apparent whorl arises from the development i)f a very
short branch (producing usually a pair of leaves only) in the axils of the
upper pair of cauline leaves. Leaves of the involucre broadly ovate, green-
ish-white and pptaloid, surrounding the inconspicuous uml)el-lii\e cyme of
flowers. Ovary turbinate, caiiescently hairy. Drupe baccate, rather large,
sweetish : a botanical friend informs us that in the northern ])ortions of the
New-England States, the fruit is employed as an ingredient in plum-pud-
ding, and is called Pudiima-hernj. — The more arctic forms of this species,
particularly those from the North West Coast, as Ciiamisso remarks,
often approach C. Suecica in ajjpearance. — We possess an interesting
specimen of C. Canadensis, from St. Lawrence County, New York, in
which the cyme is more developed than usual, divided into four primary
branches, each arising in the axil of an involucral leaf and adnate to its
short petiole : the secondary branches of the cj'me are in like manner fur-
nished with similar, though smaller, involucral leaves.

-11. C. <S«ecJca (Linn.) : flowering stems sometimes branched ; leaves all
opposite, sessile, the nerves all arising from the base ; petals dark puqile ;
drupes red, globose. — Linn. ! fl. Lapp. n. 65, t. 5, /. 3, S^' spec. 1. p. 118 ;
FL Dan. t. 5 ; Engl. lot. t. 310 ; Wahl. Jl. Lapp. p. 50; VHer. I. c. p. 2,
t. I ; DC. ! prodr. 4. p. 274 ; Cham. Hf Schlecht. ! in Linnaa, 3. p. 138 ;
Hook. ! jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 277.

In shady damp woods, Greenland ! Labrador ! and Newfoundland ! to
Kotzebue's Sound ! Sitcha ! &c. : south to Brandy-Pots Island in the St.
Lawrence (Hooker), and on the Pacific Coast to Fort Vancouver.

Order LXXI. LORANTHACE.^. Jitss.

Perianth in the unisexual flowers sometimes none, or often sim-
ple (calyx), adnatc to the ovary in the fertile flowers, 3-5.cleft in
the sterile flowers ; in the perfect flowers double, viz : Calyx ad-
nate to the ovary ; the limb entire or denticulate, or often obsolete.
Corolla of 3-4 or 8 petals, either distinct, or more or less coherent in
a tube, inserted into the epigynous disk : aestivation valvate. Sta-
mens equal in number with the petals and opposite them, or as
many as the segments of the calyx and inserted upon them when
the perianth is simple. Ovary 1. celled, with a single suspended
ovule: style simple, or none. Fruit baccate, 1-celled, l-seeded.
Seed anatropous ; the membranous testa often adhering to the walls
of the fruit. Embryo in a superficial cavity of the fleshy albumen :
radicle clavate, often exserted : cotyledons obtuse, sometimes con.
jiate. — Parasitical half-shrubby evergreen plants, with dichotomous
stems. Leaves mostly opposite, fleshy or coriaceous, almost vein-
less ; sometimes reduced to scales or entirely wanting. Stipules
none. Flowers unisexual and small (whitish or greenish-yellow), or
perfect and very showy.

654 LORANTHACEiE. Viscum.

1. VISCUM. Tourn. ; Gartn. Jr. t. 27 ; Endl. fren. p. 801.

Flowers monoecious or difEcious. Sterile Fl. Perianth simple, coria-
ceous-fleshy, 4- (or rarely 3-5-) parted ; the segments triagular, erect, valvate
in aestivation. Anthers as many as the lobes of the perianth, and inserted on
them near the middle, many-celled, opening by numerous pores. Ovarv a
glandular rudhnent, or none. Fertile Fl. Limb of the calyx obsolete.
Petals 4, rarely 3-5, coriaceous-fleshy, epigynous. Rudiments of stamens
none. Stigma sessile, obtuse. Berry pulpy. (Embryos often several.) —
Branches often articulated, terete, 4-sided, or compressed. Leaves opposite
or very rarely alternate, sometimes scale-like or none. Flowers spicate or
fascicled. — Misseltoe.

1. V. flavescens (Pursh) : branches terete, opposite, and sometimes verti-
cillate ; leaves cuneate-obovate, obtuse, 3-nerved ; spikes axillary, interrupt-
ed, mostly shorter than the leaves ; berries yellowish-white, pellucid. —
Pursh, fl. 1. f. 114 (excl. syn. which relates to V. flavens) ; DC! prodr.
4. p. 280. V. album, Walt. ; Muhl. cat. V. verticillatum, Nutt. ! gen. 2.
p. 235 ,• Ell. sk. 2. p. 677, not of Linn.

On branches of mostly old or decaying trees, sometimes on the pine and
cedar, New Jersey I and Ohio ! to Florida and Lousiana ! April--3Iay. —
Perianth usually 3-cleft in the sterile flowers.

2. V. villosum (Nutt. mss.) : " villous with a close soft pubescence ;
branches terete, opposite ; leaves cuneate-oblong, obtuse, scarcely nerved ;
spikes axillary, interrupted, much shorter than the leaves. — V. tomentosum,
X>C. prodr. 4. suppl. p. 670.''

" On oak trees in the woods of the Wahlamet, Oregon. — Allied to V. fla-
vescens ; but with narrower leaves, &c. Calyx of the fertile flower 2-3-
cleft. Berries white." Nuttall.

V. rubrum and V. purpureum of Linnaeus are natives of the Bahama Islands,
but not ofthe United States.

V. terrestre (Linn.) is, according to Willdenow, a bulbiferous state of Lysima.
chia stricta.

2. ARCEUTHOBIUM. Bieberst. fl. Taur.-Cauc. suj^pl. p. 629 ; Hook.fl.

Bor.-Am. 1. p. 278, t. 99 ; Endl. gen. jJ- 800.

Flowers dioecious. Sterile Fl. Perianth simple, between corneous and
fleshy, 2-3- or rarely 4-cleft ; the segments ovate, concave, spreading. An-
thers as many as the lobes of the perianth, and inserted on them near the
middle, sessile, subglobose, 1 -celled, dehiscent by a transverse line, mem-
branaceous. Rudiment of the ovary glandular, 2-3-lobed. Fertile Fl.
Perianth simple ; the tube oval, compressed, connate with the ovary ; the
limb 2-toothed. Rudiments of stamens none. Stigma sessile, small, ob-
scurely lobed. Berry somewhat terete, pulpy. A small much-branched
parasitic shrubby plant, leafless ; the branches opposite, articulated ; the

Arceuthobium. LORANTHACETE. 655

joints dilated at the summit into a truncate sheath. Flowers small, terminal
and lateral, 3 or more together. — The plant grows only on trees of tlie order
Conifene.

A. Oxycedri (Bieberst. 1. c.)—IIook. ! jl. Ror.-Am. \.p. 278, l. 99. A.
Americaniim, ISuU. mss. 1 Viscum Oxycedri, DC, jl. Ft. ed. 3. p. 901 ;
Bieberst. Jl. Taur.-Cauc; DC. jrrodr. 4. ^>. 2H3.

On pine trees, Oregon, Dou>rlas ! and east to Hudson's Bay in lat. 57'',
Dous^las Sf Drummond, fide Hook. — We have not seen specimens of Mr.
Nuttall's A. Ainericanum, and his notes leave us uncertain whetlier he con-
siders his plant (from the Blue Mountains of Oregon) a ditli'rcnt species from
that of Hooker, or views the American plant generally as distinct from that
of the Old World. His character accords for tlie most part with specimens
received from Hooker, in which the sheaths are almost all truncate. Mr.
Nuttall's plant is said to have a white berry : the fruit of Viscum Oxycedri
is said by De CandoUe to be blue.

SUPPLEMENT.

ADDITIONS AND EMENDATIONS

Order RANUNCULACE^E.

1. CLEMATIS, p. 7-11.

2. C. ovata. — We have a specimen from Tennessee (collected by Dr.
Currev), which proves that tliis species is at least sometimes climbing,
and the lower leaves compound : hence it should probably stand next to
C. Viorna.

4. C. Douglasii (Hook. !) — Carpels villous, with long plumose tails; stem
and peduncle strongly striate. — We have specimens in fruit from Douglas's
last Oregon Collection.

5. C. Virginiana. — The syn. C Catesbyana, Pursh, must be excluded.
The leaves are trifoliolate, or rarely pinnately 5-foliolatc. — Virgin's-
bower.

6 («). C. Cateshyana (Pursh): minutely pubescent; panicles divaricate-
dichotomous; the flowers mostly ditrcious (small) ; leaves biternate or pin-
nately 5-foliolate ; leaflets ovate, often slightly cordate, 3-nerved at the base,
mostly 3-lobed ; the lobes entire; sepals hncar-oblong ; carpels with rather
short plumose tails. — Pursh! fl. 2. p. 736; DC. ! prodr. I. p. 4. C.
Plukenetii, DC. I. c. p. 7 ?

S. Carolina, Cateshy ! (v. sp. in herb. Lamb.) Georgia, Le Conte! — The
leaflets are smaller than in the preceding, acute or acuminate, and often
narrow ; the pedicels tomentose-pubcscent, 6cc. It is perhaps too near C-
dioica, Linn. — The very poor specimen (in herb. Banks. !) on which C.
Plukenetii was founded, seems to belong to tliis species.

7. C. holosericea (Pursh !) is very different from C. Virginiana, and nearly
related to our C. Drummondii (which sometimes bears entire leaflets), and
perhaps not specifically distinct from it. (v. sp. in herb. Lamb.)

10. C. 2^auciflora is, by an error of the press, printed C. parvijlora.

11. C.lasiantha. — CaUfornia, Douglas!

13. C. cylindrica. — Carpels silky-villous when young, but not plumose,
at length only pubescent. — Add syn. C crispa, Ell. ! sk. 2. p. 49, which

S3

658 SUPPLEMENT— RANUNCULACE^.

must be erased under C. crispa. — /?. Walleri. C. Walteri, Pursh ! (v. sp.
in herh. Wall.)

15. C. reticulata (Walt. !) The specimen in Walter's herbarium, which
is clearly the plant described by himself and Pursh, is labelled ' C. crispa.''

2. ANEMONE, p. 11-14.

10. A. Virginiana (Linn. !) Flowers from June-August.

11. A. mnltifida (DC!) consists of the original A. multifida. Pair.!
siqyjjl., which is founded entirely on a plant collected at the Straits of Magel-
lan by Commerson (v, sp. in herb. mus. Par.) ; and of the fi. Hvdscniana
(A. multifida, herb. Banks ! A. sanguinea, Pursh .'), a North American
plant ; which is doubtless a different species, (as we had already suggested)
with flov.'ers only half the size ; the sepals red (not ochroleucous) &c. Our
plant must consequently bear the name of A. Hudsoniana, Richardson.

5, RANUNCULUS, p. 15-25.

1. R. aquatilis. — To this must be added :

s. brachypus : leaves all filiformly dissected ; peduncles shorter than the
leaves. — Hook. S^' Am. ! bot. Beediey, sup)pl. p. 316. — California, Douglas !

2. R. glacialis, — Collected in Greenland by Capt. Scoresby ! (v. sp. ia
herb. Hook.)

13. R. cardiophyllus (Hook.)— Add syn. Bot. mag. t. 2999.

15. R. glaberrimus (Hook. !) — In the ' Snake Country,' along Snake or
Lewis River, Mr. Tolmie !

28. R. repens. — To this several described species must be referred. R.
tomentosus DC. (as to spec, in herb. Lamb.! R. lanuginosus, var. Pursh!)
and R. < arolinianus, DC. ! (as to the specimen accompanying R. lanugi-
nosus, Pursh, in herb. Lamb, and probably entirely, altliough we have
not seen Bosc's plant) are vernal states of our R. repens, resembling
those we frequently meet with in rather dry and sterile soil. R. Belvisii,
DC. ! is a larger state of the same S])ecies, nearly the same as R. niiidus,
Muhl. and Ell. ! R. hispid us, Michx. ! (and of this work, excluding the
appended remark respecting the leaves) is the same with the R. Marilan-
dicus, Pair. ! (fide spec, in Mus. Par.), our own R. repens y. To this also
belongs R. Philonotis, Pursh! — Among the very numerous European forms
of R. repens in Prof. Schlechtendal's herbarium, we recognized most of the
American varieties which we have referred to that species.

29. R. hispidus (Michx.) must accordingly be referred to R. repens y.
(which should bear this name instead of Marilandicus.)

30. R. occidentalis. — Add syn. R. recurvatus ;5. Nelsonii, DC! syst. 1.
p. 290. (v. sp. in herb. Banks.) ; which must be erased from no. 32. R.
recurvatus, p. 23.

33. R. Carolinianus. — The plant we have described under this name is
not the R. Carolinianus of De Candolle. (Vid. remarks under R. repens.)
It is apparently the R. palmatus, Ell. which name must be substituted, and
all the other synonymy excluded. — The species should stand to R. repens,
with which it has many points of resemblance.

SUPPLEMENT— RANUNCULACE^.. 659

34. R. tomcntosus, must be referred to R. repens. (Vid. note upon that
species.)

37. JR. Schlcchtendnlii (Hook.!) appears to ditlcr chiefly from R. nivalis
in wanting the black hairs on tlif calyx.

38(a). R. dclphintfolius / (11. B. & K.) : stem erect, nearly glabrous,
branched ; radical and hmcr leaves on very lon<; petioles, 2-3-pinnatcly
divided, [scarcely] hirsute ; the uppernujst less divided ami sessile ; tlic
segments linear-lanceolate, acute, decurrent at the base; the sheathing base
of the petiole elongated, sulcate, very hisi)id ; flowers Miniewhat panieled ;
calyx reflexed, very hispid; jietals 11-14, oliovate-oblong : ovaries with a
short recurved style. Hook. A- Arn. — K. dissect us, Hoolc. S^' Am..' hot.
Beecherj, suppl. ^.316, not of Bicbcrst. R. delphiuifolius, 11. li. ^' K. nor.
sen. Sfupec. 5. p. 48 .' R. dichotomus, " Mocino Sf Scssc, pi. Mcx. ined ;"
DC. prodr. 1. p. 39.?

California, Douglas ! — We have copied tlie character given by Hooker «5c
Arnott ; bul are obliged to change the name, as there is a prior R. disscclus;
and, as we strongly suspect that it is the same with both the R. delphini-
folius of Humboldt and Bonpland, and the R. dichotomus of iMcxiuo and
Sesse, we have refrained from introducing a new specific name.

41. R. parvijlorus. — To var. y. add syn. R. hebecarpus. Hook. S^- Arn. !
hot. Bcechcy, suppl. p. 316.— The Calitbriiian plant is certainly the same
with that of the United Slates, R. trachyspermus. Ell. ; which name must
be adoi)led should the plant prove to be different from R. parviflorus. To it
doubtless belongs the var. aculilobus, DC

D. TROLLIUS, p. 27.
1. T. laxus. — Add syn. Bol. mag. t. 1988.

9 {a). HELLEBORUS. Adans. ; DC. prodr. 1. ;». 46 ; Endl. gen. p. 848.

Sepals 5, persistent, mostly greenish. Petals 8-10, very short, tubular,
2-lipped. Stamens numerous. Stigmas orbicular. Follicles 3-10, slightly
cohering at the base, coriaceous, many-seeded. Seeds elliptical, fungous at
the hilum.— Perennial herbs (natives of Europe and Asia). Leaves coria-
ceous ; the radical ones palmately or pedately divided. Flowers large,
nodding. — Hellebore.

1. H. viridis (Linn.) : radical leaves glabrous, pedately divided ; the
cauline few, nearly sessile, palmately parted; peduncles often geminate ;
sepals roundish-ovate, green. DC — Jacq. jl. Austr. t. lOG ; Engl. bot. t.
200 ; Schk. handh. t. 154 ; Muhl. cat. ed. 2. p. 56.

' New York,' Muhlenberg. In an old field near Brooklyn, Long Island,
and on the plains near Jamaica, Long Island, New York ; abundant, -Wr.
Halsey ! Mr. Brownne ! April.— Doubtless introduced, but fully naturalized.
— Green Hellebore.

11. ENEMION [Raf.) p. 29.

The generic and specific character must be cancelled, and the following
inserted in its place.

660 SUPPLEMENT— RANUNCULACE^.

n. ISOPYRUM Linn. hort. Ups., Sf gen. no. 701; Geertn. Jr. t. 65;

Sclik. handb. t. 153.

Sepals 5, petaloid, deciduous. Petals 5, small, tubular or conchiform,
sometimes wanting. Stamens 10-40. Ovaries 3-20 : ovules few or numer-
ous: stigmas lateral. Follicles ovate or oblong, S'-several-seeded, sessile or
slightly stipitate, acuminate with the style. Seeds smooth or granulated.—
Annual or perennial slender herbs, with 2-3-ternately divided membrana-
ceous leaves ; the segments 2-3-lobed. Flowers axillary and tenninal,
rather small, white, on slender petioles.

§ Petals none. — Enemion, Raf.

1. I. biternatum : petioles auricled at the base ; carpels 3-6, broadly ovate,
divaricate, sessile, strongly nerved with 3-4 oblique veins on each side,
2-seeded ; seeds obovate, compressed, with a conspicuous cord-like raphe,
and a smooth and shining (very minutely pubescent) testa. — I. thalictroides,
(var.) Short! cat. fl. Kentucky, 1. p. 8; Hook.! in jour, hot. p. 187,
(note). Enemion biternatum, Raf. ! in jour. ph/s. (1820) 2. p. 70.

Add to the localities already cited ; Middle Florida, Dr. Chapman ! —
This is certainly a distinct species, and not an apetalous state of I. thalictroi-
des, the young fruit of which we have at length been able to examine : but
the structure of the seed in that species is nearly similar to ours, except that
the raphe is not prominent, and the ovules vary from 4-6 in number. — The
following s]iecies accords with the Enemion of Rafinesque in wanting the
petals; while in the form of the carpels, the number of the seeds, and the
granulate testa, it approaches the original Isopyrura (Leptopyrum, Reichenb.),
I. fumarioides, Linn.

2. I. occidentale (Hook. & Arn.) : petioles slightly dilated at the base;
carpels 6-7, oblong, sessile, at length spreading, marked with numerous
transverse veins, 8-9-seeded ; seeds oval, gibbous, with a minutely granu-
lated testa. — Hook. Sf Am.! hot. Bcechey, suppl. p. 316.

California, Douglas .'—Root unknown. Flowers smaller than in the
preceding species.

12. AQUILEGIA, p. 12.

1. A. Canadensis. — On limestone cliffs, Florida, Dr. Chapman ! — Stem
a little pubescent, as is often the case in the Northern States.

2. A. c(erulea. — Add syn. Hook. Sf Arn. ! bot. Beechey, suppl. p. 317, t.
72. (A. macrantha in the plate.) — Flowers very large.

13. DELPHINIUM, p. 30-33.

3. D. Californicwn.^-Add syn. D. exaltatum. Hook. Sj- Arn. ! hot. Beech-
ey, suppl. p. 317.

5. D. Menziesii. — Our plant (the D. simplex. Hook. ! ) is not the D. Men-
ziesii of De Candolle or Hooker, which is the same with D. pauciflorum,
Nutt. Of the present plant we have numerous forms which we cannot
distinguish from D. azureum. Our description should therefore be cancelled.

6. D. azureum. — To var. y. add syn. D. Menziesii P. ochroleucum,
Nutt. — The other forms of D. simplex (our D. Menziesii, p. 31), of which

SUPPLEMENT— RANUNCULACEiE. g61

additional ones are noticed in the Supplement to Becchey's Voyapc, Kliould
also be arrani^ed anionic the varieties of this si)ecies. The D. simplex i3.
calcare calycem sub;L'(|uantc, HuoJc. ^- Ani. I. c. appears like a diJKreiit
species, but our specimens are very imperfect. Add to the locality Orcon !
and Calilbruia ! *

9. D. varicgatum. — Add. syn. D. grandiflorum /?. variegatum, Hoi,lc. A*
Am. I. c. — It appears to us dilleront from the Siberian D. grandillorum.
Lower petals either 3-lobed or entire, sometimes variegated, sometimes all
blue.

II. D. jMuciJlorvm (Nutt.) — Tlils is a somewhat depauperate form of D.
Menziesii, DC. (not no. 5, of this work.) In its i)lace the iijllowing should
be inserted.

11. D. Menziesii (DC.) : pubescent; petioles scarcely dilated at the base ;
leaves 5-parted ; the divisions 2-3-cleft; lobes mostly linear, entire ; lower
bracts 3-clcft; raceme 3-6-flowercd ; spur strai^'ht, as long as the sepals;
ovaries somewhat tomentose ; root grumous. — JJC. ! syst. 1. p. 35.5, (fide
STp. in herb. Banks.); Hook..' Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 25, Sf in but. Bcichcy,
suppl. p. 317 ,• Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1192. D. pauciilorum, JSull. ! (a smaller
form.)

In pine woods, from Kotzebue's Sound to Oregon, Douglas ! Mr. Tolmie!
Nutlall! California, Douglas, Mr. Tolmie! and tlic Rocky Mountains, Xul-
tall ! — Stem 6 inches to a foot or more liigh. Pedicels elongated. Flowers
large, violet-blue, the upper petals whitish. — Allied to D. bicolor.

12 {a). D. decorum (Fisch. & Meyer) : pubescent or rather glabrous ;
leaves 3-parted ; the lateral divisions 2-cleft or undivided; lobes oblony,
3-toothed or entire ; bracts and floral leaves somewhat oblong, mostly entire ;
spur curved, as long as the sepals. Fisch. S^ Meyer, 3rd ind. sem. St.
Petersb. (1837), 8f in Linnrea, suppl. 12. p. 92.

California, at the Russian colony Ross. — Resembles D. Menziesii and
D. elegans, but the leaves are quite dillerent. Flowers showy, violet-blue
turning to violet-purple. Fisch. 6f Meyer.

13. D. nudicaidc. — Add syn. D. sarcophyllum, Hook. S^'Arn.! bot. Beech-
ry, suppl. ]}. 317. — There are two states of this in Douglas's collection ; one
with a simple stem or scape, the leaves all nearly radical, and the flowers
in a pyramidal raceme, the lower pedicels very long, 6cc. We were ac-
quainted with this form only when our description was pul)lishcd. We have
now the other form (from which the character of D. sarcophyllum, Hook, c^-
Arn. is drawn; tlie stem is more or less branched, and there is a small leaf
at the base of each branch, and the raceme thus becomes paniculate. Still
the name of D. nudicaule is not inappropriate to this form. We had neg-
lected to notice the singularly fleshy leaves. The species is in every re-
spect a remarkable one.

20. HYDRASTIS, jj. 40.

H. Canadensis. — To the synonymy add HooJc. ! bol. mag. t. 3019, S{
t. 3232 (fruit).

21. PiEONIA, p. 41.

1. P. Brorcnii. — Add syn. Lindl. bot. reg, {ser. 2) ^ 30. — Our two species
*' form a section of Pa^onia (§ Onftpia, Lindl.) cliaraotori/.cd by short
leathery petals, a lobed fleshy disk, and a dry, not succulent, seed-coat.''
Lindl. I. c.

662 SUPPLEMENT.— MAGNOLIACE^.

17. TRAUTVETTERIA, p. 37.

1. T*. palmata. — Thalictrum ranunculinuin, Muhl. ! tide sp. in herh.
Willd. — Thalictrum rotunditblium, Wall. pi. Asiat. rar. t. 264, is perhaps
a species of this genus.

Order MAGNOLIACE^.

1. ILLICIUM, p. 42.

2. /. parviflorum. — Add syn. Vent. hort. Ccls. t. 22;

2. MAGNOLIA, p. 42.

1. M. grandiflora. — Add syn. Bot. mag. t. 1952;

3. M. Umbrella. — Add syn. M. tripetala, Guimp. Otto, S^- Hayne,
holz. t. 18.

4. M. acuminata. — Add syn. Guimp. Otto, 8^: Hayne. I. c. t. 17. — " Fruit
6-8 inches long." Dr. Sartwell.

6. M. Fraseri /?. j^yramidata. — Add syn. M. pyramidata, Bot. reg, I. 407.

7. M. macrophylla. — Add syn. Hook. hot. mag. t. 2189.

3. LIRIODENDRON, p. 44.

L. tulipifera. — Add syn. Bot. mag. t. 275 ; Guimp. Otto, S^ Hayne,
holz. t. 29.

Order SCHIZANDRACE^.

1. SCHIZANDRA, p. 46.— To the gen. char, add :

Carpels baccate, 1-2-seeded. Seeds lateral, reniform, compressed: testa
crustaceous and brittle. Embryo very minute, at the base of the homogene-
ous whitish fleshy albumen.

5. coccinea. — Add syn. Bart. fl. N. Amer. t. 13. — From Dr. Hale, of
Western Lousiana, we have received fine specimens of tliis interesting plant
both in flower and fruit.

Order BERBERIDACE^.

There are specimens of a singular Berberis with palmately compound leaves in
Drummond's Texan Collection, but without flowers or fruit.

7. PODOPHYLLUM, ^?. 54.

There is a hexandrous species of Podophyllum, a native of the mountains of
Nepaul. (P. hexandrum, Royle, illustr. pi. Himal. ; Camb. voy. Jacquemont .' t. . .
P. Emodi, Wall.) Hence the character of the genus must be modified accord-
ingly, and a diagnostic character inserted for our species :

SUPPLEMENT.— BERBERIDACEil^.. 663

1. P. pcltatiiin (Linn.) : stamens 12-18; loaves 5-7-|)artetl ; the scgiiiputs
cuneilbrm-obIonl,^ .somewhat lobed or toollied al llic aj>ex.

8. CROOMIA. Torn in ann. hjc. NcwYork, 1. p. . , (.7. (ine.l.)

Sepals 4, broadly oval, somewhat eoriaeeous, persistent. Petals none.
Stamens 4, opposite the sepals : filaments thicU : anthers oblong, ()bli(|urly
introrse, immovable ; the cells somewhat separate, opening; longitudinally
their whole length. Ovary globose-ovate, with 4-fi suspended ovules : stig-
ma sessile, capitate, minute. Fruit dry and indehiscent ? coriaceous, ovate,
compressed, attenuate into an obtuse beak. Seeds 1-2, suspended from the
summit of the cell, nearly covered with a copious fimbriated arillus ; tho
testa crustaceous, rugose longitudinally. — A perennial herb, with a horizontal
branching rhizoma (like that of Leontice thalictroides), throwing up .several
short simple stems, with membranous sheaths at the base. Leaves oblong-
ovate, cordate at the base, membranaceous, entire, approximate or crowded
at the summit of the stem, o-9-ribbed ; tlie ribs convergent to the apex; the
veinlets reticulated. Peduncles axillary, 2-3-flowercd : pedicels filiform,
articulated in the middle. Flowers small, greenish-white and purplish.

C. yaudjlora (Torr. ! 1. c.) — Cissamjielos jjaucidora. Null. I in jour,
acad. Plillad. 7. p. 115. Auonymos discoroides, doom. ! in Sill. jour.
28. p. 165.

Aspalaga, Middle Florida, on the Apalachicola P-iver, under the shade of
Torreya taxifolia, Mr. Croom! Dr. Cluqmian! April. — Root of thick
fibres from a slender yellowish rhizoma. Stem erect, slender, 8-12 inches
high : tlie whole plant glabrous. Leaves alternate, but usually ap])roxi-
mated so as to appear verticillale : petiole about an inch long ; the lamina
2-4 inches, acute, with the venation of Dioscorea or Sniilax. Peduncles re-
curved, about the length of the petioles : pedicels 2-3, or sometimes solitary.
Flowers about 2 lines in diameter. Sejials concave, rather obtuse, persistent
until the fruit is ripe, purplish towards the base, obscurely 3-5-nerved, im-
bricated. Filaments about half the length of the sepals, semiterote, purplish :
anthers yellow, inserted by a broad base on the summit of the filament, some-
what between innate and adnate, the face directed upwards and inwardly.
Ovary simple, marked with a slight sutural groove on each side opposite the
exterior sepals, with 6-8 anatropous ovules susjjcnded from the summit of
the cell: stigma a glandular entire protuberance. Fruit about one-third of
an inch long, compressed laterally, with an abrupt curved beak ; the ventral
suture marked with a deep groove, which extends to the summit of the beak.
Seeds ovoid : raphe and chalaza evident : arillus large, divided into innume-
rable terete processes, which envelojje the seed. Embryo very minute, at the
base of copious fleshy albumen. — We consider this plant as a reduced form
of Berberidaceaj : it Is however remarkable for its persistent sepals, suspend-
ed seeds, and in being apetalous. Nandina agrees with it in the dehiscence
of the anthers. It would be impossible to determine from the habit of the
plant whether it were dicotyledonous or monocotyledonous ; and the embryo
is so minute that the cotyledons cannot be distinguished ; but the structure of
the rhizoma is exogenous, a circle of spiral vessels surrounding the central
pith. — The genus was established several years since, in a paper read before
the Lyceum of Natural History, New York ; and named in honor, now alas !
in memory, of its discoverer, the late Henry B. Croom, Esq., author of a mo-
nograph oV Sarracenia, and of other papers on the plants of Florida and the
Southern States.

664 SUPPLEMENT.— PAP AVERAGES.

Order NELUMBIACEiE.

NELUMBIUM, p. 56.

1. N. luleum. — Add. syn. Hook. hot. mag. t. 3753. Cyamus luteus, Bart,
fl. N. Amer. t. 63. — The plant is not found at Haddam, Connecticut, accord-
ing to Prof. TuUy ; but at Lyme (Seldon's Cove) 10 miles below Haddam.
Itis also found at Swedesborough Creek in New Jersey, 40 miles below
Philadelphia.

Order SARRACENIACE.^.

Mr. Bentham has recently described a new genus of this order (Heliamphora,
Benth.), founded on a plant discovered by Mr. Scliomburgk in Guiana, at an ele-
vation of 6,000 feet. It differs from Sarracenia chiefly in wanting the petals and
the dilated stigma, in the smaller number of cells to the ovary, and in bearing
several flowers on the scape.

Order PAPAVERACEiE.

7. CHRYSEIS, p. 63. (Eschscholzia, Cham.)

We are informed by several distinguished German botanists that the Elscholtz
to whom the genus Elscholtzia was dedicated by VVilldenow, and Eschsckoltz,
the companion of Chamisso, were not father and son, nor of the same family or
name. If this be the case, it becomes a question whether the similarity between
Elscholtzia and Eschscholtzia is so great as to justify the change proposed by Dr.
Lindley, and which we have adopted.

In the Supplement to the Botany of Capt. Beechey's Voyage, as well as in a
previous letter to us, Flooker & Arnott have sliown that the original Eschscholtzia
Californica of Chamisso is the E. crocea of Bsntham and other authors. This is
evident as well from the figure published by Chamisso, which represents the dila-
ted limb of the torus, as from tlie fact that this species is found in California;
while the E. Californica of English botanists (the plant introduced by Douglas) is
a native of Oregon exclusively. This view we were last summer enabled to verify
by an examination of Chamisso's original specimen. If then the two species are
really distinct (and we think that the dilated torus will distinguish the Californian
plant) it becomes absolutely necessary to transfer the name ' Californica' to Cha-
misso's plant. This Hooker and Arnott have done, proposing also to distinguish
the Oregon plant by the name of Chryseis (Eschscholtzia) Douglasii. Adopting
this view, the synonymy of the two species will stand thus :

1. C. {Eschscholtzia) Douglasii (Hook. & Am. 1. c.) (Add the character
under our C. Californica) — Chryseis Calitbrnica, Lincll.-, and of this icork^
p. 63; wotoi Hook. Sf Am. Eschscholtzia Californica, Lindl.l hot. reg. t.
1168; Hook. I hot. mag. t. 2887, &; fi. Bor.-Am. 1. ^a 34.— Oregon! (not
California.)

2. C. (Eschscholtzia) Californica (Hook. & Arn.) (Character under C.
crocea, p. 63.) — Chry.seis crocea, Lincll.! hot. reg. under t. 1948. C. com-
pacta, Lindl.! hot. reg. t. 1948. Eschscholzia Californica, Cham.! ^' Nees,
horcephys. Berol. Sj- Bonn, p. 73, t. 15; Cham. Sf Scldccht. ! in Linnaa, I. p.
554 ; not oi Lindl., Hook. S^-c. E. crocea, Benth.! in hort. trans, [ser. 2) 1.,
p. 407 ; Lindl.! hot. reg. t. 1677 ; Brit. fl. gard. {ser. 2) t. 299— California*.

Chamisso! Menzies! Douglas! &c.

SUPPLEMENT.— FUMARIACE;E. CG5

11. PLATYSTEMON, j). 66.
P. Californicum y. leiocarpum. — Add syn. Hook. hot. mag. t. 3750.

Order FUMARIACE^E.

1. DIELYTRA, p. 66. (Diclytra, [Diccnira?] Borkh. V id. Bernh. tn
Linneea, 8. p. 401.)

2. D. Canadensis. — Add syii. Hook. I hot. maif. t. 3030.

3 & 4. D. formosa & T). saccata. — We were mistaken in supposing both
the Funiaria formosa and F. eximia to be founded on the phini of the United
States. The former was estabUshed by Dryander upon specimens brouglit
from Oregon by Mr. Menzies. The name and synonymy of tlieso two spe-
cies must stand thus :

3. D. eximia (DC.) — Fumaria eximia, Ker, hot. reg. t. 50. Cofj-dalis for-
mosa, Pursh! Jl. 2. p. 462 (exci. Canad. var.), not Fumiuia formosa,
Dnjand. Dielytra formosa, EIL sk. 2. p. \11 ; Thomas, in Sill. jour. I. c,
and of this work, exckidinii the remainins; synonymy. — We liave recently
received specimens from the Peaks of Otter, Virginia, collected by Mr. Buck-
ley. Also from Yaies County, New York, wlicre it was discovered by Dr.
Sartvvell. It was originally found in Georgia by Lyon, (fide Bol. reg.)

4. D. formosa (DC. 1. c.) — Fumaria formosa, Dryand. ! in Iiort. Kew. {cd.
2) 4. p. 239 ,- Andr. hot. rep. t. 393 ; Bot. mag. t. 13-35. Dielytra saccata,
Nutt. in this work. — On p. 68 (under this species), instead of ' D. formosa,' read
D. eximia.

5. D. lachenaliafolia (DC!) is very diifcrent from the preceding species*
(v. sp. Pall, in herb. Willd.) — Next to this species add :

6. D. chrysantha (Hook. & Am.): stem tall, leafy, branching; leaves
2-3-pinnately divided, glaucous; the segments linear, acute; panicle elon-
gated; bracts and sepals broadly ovate, obtuse; petals spatulate ; the two
exterior scarcely gibbous at the base ; the inner broadly winged on the back
for nearly their whole length ; stigma very broad, truncate. Hook <^' Am. !
hot. Beechey, suppl. p. 320, t. 73. (v. sp. in herb. Hook.)

California [Douglas! or in the interior?] Stem 2-3 feet high, erect.
Flowers large and showy, golden yellow.

3. CORYDALIS, p. 69.

1. C. aiirea (Willd.!) — Add the following:

/?. ? crystallina : pods oval or cylindrical, covered with pellucid vesicles.-—
C. crystallina, Enselmann! wiss.— Arkansas, Nultall! Dr. Engelmannl (ift
rich prairies.) The pods appear as if they were hispid or pubescent when
dry. It is probably a distinct species.

3. C. Scouleri (Hook. !)— Excl. syn. C pseoni*folia, Pers. S^. (fide spec.
Pall, in herb. Willd.)

4. C. macrophylla (Nutt.) is wholly C Scouleri.

84

666 SUPPLEMENT— CRUCIFERiE.

Order CRUCIFER^.

1. CHEIRANTHUS, p. 71.

1. C. capitatus Dougl. ! (C. asper, Cham. Sf Schlecht. .' fide sp. in herb.
Berol.) is the same plant with our Erysimum grandiflorum, Nutt., in which
the radicle is certainly incumbent I

2. C. 1 Pallasii (Pursh !) — A comparison of the specimen in Mr. Lam-
bert's herbarium, with Hooker's figure of Hesperis pygma^a, enables us to
confirm the correctness of his suggestion. The two plants are certainly
identical. The specimen is not in fruit ; hence De Candolle's character
' siliqua teretiusciila,' which seemed to forbid their union, was taken from the
appearance of the ovar}'. It must bear the name of Hesperis Pallasii,
which has the priority : there is besides another H. pygmsea.

2. NASTURTIUM, p. 72-75.

1. N. officinale. — Tampa Bay, Florida, Dr. Leavenworth ! Probably in-
digenous. Naturalized in many places.

2. N. tanacetifolium. — Add syn. N. micropetalum, Fisch. Sf Meyer, ind.
sem. St. Petersb. (3) 1837.

3. N. lyratum. — Oregon, Douglas ! Probably too near N. curvisiliqua ;
but the leaves are rather different, and the pedicels shorter.

4. N. sessilifiorum. — Radical leaves pinnatifid; the lobes somewhat toothed.
— Banks of the Ohio, &c. Indiana, Dr. Clapip!

5. N. sinuatimi. — Add /?. st3de almost none. — Oregon, Mr. Tolmie !
Near N. curvisilitjua, but has larger flowers, longer pedicels, &c.

4. STREPTANTHUS, p. Ib-ll.

3. 5. sagittatus. — Instead of ' petals oblong-ovate,' insert, petals cuneate-
oblong.

4. S. angustifolius. — Add syn. S. sagittatus. Hook. Sf Am. ! bot.
Beechey, suppl. p. 322, not of Nutt. — Snake Country (Lewis River), Mr.
Tolmie ! The specimens are rather larger and more branched than Mr.
Nuttall's, and the lower leaves larger ; but there is no other difference.

10. S. heterophyllus (Nutt.) — Siliques refracted, straight. — It should stand
next to S. glandulosus.

5. TURRITIS, p. 78.

1. T. glabra P. ? (as well as our plant from the Shore of Lake Superior)
is the same with T. stricta, Hook, or very nearly so. — The following species
is to be added at the end of the genus.

10. T. ? lasiophylla (Hook. & Arn.) : stem simple, elongated, strict,
hispid below with simple rigid hairs, nearly glabrous above ; leaves oblong-
lanceolate, pinnatifid, petioled ; the uppermost linear, entire, attenuate at the
base ; calyx rather hairy ; petals linear (yellow), unguiculate ; siliques
long, narrowly linear, straight, strongly deflexed. Hook. Sf Arn. bot. Beechey,
suppl. p. 320.

SUPPLEiVIENT.— CRUCIFER E. 6( 7

California, Douglas. — Plant 1-2 feet high. Petals about lialf as long
again as the calyx. Hovk. ^- Am.

6. ARABIS, 2). 79-83.

1 (fl). A. hU phnrophyUa (Honk. cV Arn.) : jifronnial ; leaves naked, ex-
cept the niargiiis, wiiich are ciliate witii very rigid simple or forked white
hairs; the radical ones ohovate-spaiulate, the caiiline oblong and sessile;
sepals elliptical, obtuse, pubescent above with stellate liairs ; petals (purple)
obovate, with slender claws. Hook. S^' Arn. ! hot. Becclinj, suppl. p. 321.

California, Duitnlas ! [probably from the interior.] — Stem 3—4 inches
high. Calyx half the length of tlic petals. — A very distinct species.

14. A. laevigata 0. laciniata. — Kentucky, Dr. Peter! Dr. Short.'

7. CARDAMINE, ]). 83-86.

1. C. rhomboidea y. — Louisiana, Prof. Carpenter !

4. C. purpurea (Cham. & Schlechf. !) — We have this fine species from
Douglas's collection, (communicated by Mr. Bcnthaiii) probably from the
interior of Oregon, but the locality is not recorded. The leaflets of the
radical leaves are all obtuse, as indeed they are described by Chainisso and
Schlechtendal, but some of them are acute at the base.

10. PHCENICAULIS, p. 89.

P. cheiranthoides. — Add syu. Hespcris Menziesii, Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1.
p. 60, ty hot. Beechey, suppl. p. 322, t. lb. California, Menzies ! Pine
Creek, in the Snake Country, Mr. Tolmiel

12. HESPERIS, p. 90.

2. H. minima is Cheiranthus Pallasii, Pursh .', and must be called H.
Paiasii. — (Vid. notes upon Cheiranthus.)

3. H. Menziesii is Phcenicaulis cheiranthoides, Nutt.

13. SISYMBRIUM, p. 91-93.

3. S. linifolium. — Add syn. Erj-simum ? glaberrimum, Hook. Sf Am. !
hot. Beechey, suppl. p. 323. (Snake Country, Mr. Tolmie.) Flowers pale

yellow.

4. S. pygmaum (Nutt.) is only a dwarf form of tlie preceding.
8. jS. humile. — Add syn. Ledeb. ic. pi. Ross.-Alt. t. 147.

15. ERYSIMUM, 2?. 94.

3. E. asperum. — Add syn. Hook. Sf Arn. ! hot. Beechey, suppl. p. 323.
E. elatum, Nutt. no. 5. (certe.) — Interior of California, Douglas I Mr.
Tolmie !

4. E. Arkansanum. — Rocky banks of the Scioto, near Columbus, Ohio,
Mr. Sullivant I

8. E. grandiflorum. — Add syn. Cheiranthus asper, Cham. S; Schlecht. !

668 SUPPLEMENT— CRUCIFERiE.

in Linntea, 1. p. 14, (excl. syn.) C. capitatus, Dougl. ! in Hook. ji. Bor.~
Am. 1. J). 38. (Vid. notes upon Cheiranthus.)

16. PACHYPODIUM. (Thelypodium, Endl. gen. p. 876.)

There is an earlier Pacliy podium, by Webb & Berthelot, founded on Sisym.
brium Columnae, S. Pannonicum, &c. ; but we suspect it is not sufficiently dis,
tinctfroni Sisymbrium.

2. P. integrifolium. — Add syn. Hook. Sf Am. ! hot. Beechey, suppl. p.
321, t. 74, (Blackfoot River, Mr. Tolmie. .')

21. VESICARIA, p. 100-102.

2. V. Ludoviciana.'^Add syn. V. globosa, Desv.jour. hot. 3. p. 181 4' 184,
fide Arnott.

3. V. grandiflora. — To this species belongs V. brevistyla, no. 7. Our /?.
pallida, and the remarks that relate to it, should be excluded : it is a distinct
species, which may be called V. jmllida. We were misled by the figure in
Brit.jl. gard., which represents the style too long.

8. V. gracilis. — Add syn. Hook. ! hot. mag. t. 3533.

23. DRABA, p. 103-109.

17. D. ? lavigala (Cham. 6c Schlecht. !) is Eutrema Edwardsii, R. Br.

19. D. arabisans. — Add syn. D. Henneana, Schlecht.! in Linneea, 10. p.
100. (Labrador) D. glabella, Pursh! fl.2. p. 434 (a dwarf form), fide
spec, in herb. Banks, The D. glabella of Hooker (fide spec.) appears to be-
long to D. iiicana.

28. EUTREMA, p. 112.

E. Edivardsii. — Add syn. Ledeb. ic. pi. Ross.- Alt. t. 255. Draba? laevi-
gata, Cham. Sf Schlecht .' in Linncea, 1. p. 25. (Island of St. Lawrence.)

30. PLATYSPERMUM, j). 112.

From Douglas's last Oregon collection, made in the interior, we have beautiful
specimens o^ Platyspermum scapigcrum (kindly communicated both by Sir Wm.
Hooker and Mr. Bentham), with mature fruit. In this state, the silicle is almost
exactly orbicular; the seed with a very broad winged margin, and the cotyledons
accumbent ! The genus must therefore be removed to the Tribe Alyssineae.

36. LEPIDIUM, p. 114.

2. L. Virginicum. — Add syn. Cynocardamum Virginicum, Wehh Sf Ber^
thelot, hist. nat. Canar.

7. L. nitidum. — Add svn. L. leiocarpum. Hook. S^' Am..' hot. Beechey,
suppl. p. 324. (not of DC.)

8. L'. oxycarpum. — Add syn. Hook. Sf Am. ! hot. Beechey, p. 323. — Ra-
cemes loose : pedicels somewhat flattened.

SUPPLEMENT.— RESEDACE.*:. 609

11. L. Tnontanujyi {Nun.) — Add tii ilu; charactor : Stems mucli hranrlird
above ; flowers and fruit densely eoryiiiljose ; silieles ovat(> (hiennial).

0. stem creel, tnueh lirtuielied above ; flowers very nuineroiis (l)ieimia!).
— L. coryinbosLim, Hook, ii^- Am. ! hot. Bieclinj, sii/y/il. I. r. (Snake River,
Mr. Tolinie .') — This and Mr. Nuttall's jjlant are dillerent states of the sujue
species.

38. HYMENOLOBUS, ;». 117.

1. H. divarkalus. — Add syii. Hook.! ic. pi. I. 277.

Order CAPPARIDACEiE.

4. POLA.MSIA, p. 1-22.

1. P. graveolens. — To the spec. char, add : Sepals longer than the claws
of the petals; stamens mostly raiher lons;er than the petals; seeds flaltish,
smooth and even. — Add svn. Delcss. ic, 3. t. 4. Cleome violacea, Gtertn.
ft. t. 76 (excl. syn.) ; Lam. ill. t. b07,f. 2, ex DC. in Dcless. I. c.

1 (rt). P. trachysperma: viscidly pubescent; leaves 3-foliolate ; leaflets
lanceolate-oblong, tajiering at the base, sliortcr rhan the petiole; se])als lance-
olate, attenuaie-acuminale, shorter than the capillary claws of the emargin-
ate petals ; stamens usually 16 ; the filaments (deep purple) twice or thrice
the length of the petals ; style about the length of the glabrous ovary ; pods
linear-oblong, turgid, abruptly attenuate al the base, reticulated, glandular-
scabrous; seeds turgid, verrucose-muricate.

Texas, Druinmond ! — An interesting species belonging to the same section
(Eupolanisia) with P. graveolens and P. uniglandulosa, and in many re-
spects intermediate between the two. The petals are larger and more
showy than in the former (and like that species cuneate-obcordate), but
smaller than in the latter and of a diflerent shape. Besides the characters
given above, the pods are usually larger than in P. graveolens ; the nectary
is cyathiform, but compressed, with a thin margin; and the filaments and
seeds are very different ; yet it is perhaps the P. graveolens which is said
to grow in Mexico. We have not seen the seeds or pods of C. uniglandulosa ;
but the flowers are quite diflerent from this species.

Order RESEDACE^.

1. ELLIMIA, p. 125. (Oligomeris, Camb. ! pi. .lacquemont. — Resedella,
Webb 8^' Berlhelot ! hist. nat. Canar.)

This plant has recently been published under three different names, from as
many collections made in widely (lifTiTcnt parts of the world, viz: in the interior
of India, where it was collected by Jacqnemont ; in the Canary Islands, by Webb
& Bf^rthelot ; and in Cilifornia, by Nuttall. It was previously collected in Ej^ypt
by Delile, and is his Reseda suhulata (fide sp. in herb. Delile, &c,) Mr. Nuttall
assures us that it is an indigenous plant in California, but we incline to think it
may have been introduced from the Canary Islands. For our iiifbrfnatinn respect,
ing tlie synonymy, we arc originally indebted to Mr. Gay, and to Mr Webb, who
has given a figure in his and Borlhelot's very interesting Histoire Naturelle des
lies Canaries, which wc are unable to quote, as wc do not possess the work and
have mislaid our reference to it. The name given by Cambesscdes has the priority,
and must be adopted.

670 SUPPLEMENT.— POLYGALACEiE.

Order POLYGALACE^.

1. POLYGALA, 2^- 126.

1. P. sanguinea. — This, the P. sanguinea of Nuttall, is not the plant of
Linnaeus. It is also the P. fastigiata, Nutt. ! according to specimens in
Hooker's herbarium, and therefore oi' Hook. S^'Arn.! in jour. hot. 1. p. 195;
but not the P. fastigiata which Mr. Nuttall communicated to us, which is
only a form of P. cruciata. It is not improbably the plant figured by Plu-
kenet {Mant. t. 438, /. 5.) As a new name seems to be necessary, it may
be called P. NuttaUii.

2. P. purpurea. — This is the original P. sanguinea, Linn..' (fide sp.
Kalm in herh. Linn.) as well as of the earlier American authors. It is also
P. viridescens, Linn.! spec. 2. p. 705 (a young state), excl. syn. Gronov.!
which relates to P. In tea.

3. P. cruciata, Linn. {pi. Gronov. !) — Linnaeus had never seen this plant,
but founded the species on P. foliis quafernis, Gronov.! Ji. Virg. (which
is just P. cuspidata. Hook. S^-Arn.!), and P. (juadrifolia seu cruciata, <5cc.,
Pluk. aim. p. 301. Of this last we could find no specimen in Plukenet's
herbarium; but, as he states it to come from Virginia (Banister), it cannot be
the exclusively northern form (Massachusetts) which Hooker (in^. Bar.- Am.
1. p). 85.) takes for the true P. cruciata. The plant of the Southern States
is the original species ; but Hooker's plant cannot be separated, as we have
numerous intermediate forms in which the point of the viings is nearly
wanting.

5. P. corymhosa. — Having ascertained that Walter's P. cymosa is identical
with this, his name must be adopted.

6. P. acutifolia. — We are now convinced that this plant is only a larger
form of the preceding, with narrower leaves. It is also P. graminifolia,
Poir. ! (fide sp. in herb. Mus. Par.)

7. P. cymosa. — As Walter's name is transferred to P. corymbosa, that of
Nuttall must l)e adopted for this species. — The synonymy of these species
will therefore stand as follows :

P. cT/?ftosa, Walt. ! — P. corymbosa, Michx.! (in part,) Nutt.! DC. I. c.
P. ramosa. Ell. !
0. graminifolia. — P. graminifolia, Poir.! DC! P. acutifolia, Torr. ^' Gr.

P. attcnuata, Nutt. — P. corymbosa, Ell.! P. cymosa, Torr. Sf Gr. excl.
syn. Walt. S^- Poir.

13. P. bicolor. — The plant described by Hooker & Arnott under this name
is P. Boykinii, Nutt., but not of Kunth, as we have ascertained by a careful
comparison of authentic specimens. The exterior sepals in P. Boykinii are
nearly equal, and destitute of the "2 thick parallel nerves" which are so con-
spicuous in P. bicolor; the wings also are broader, and the flowers do not
turn orange wlien decaying, as in the latter species. It is jnuch more nearly
allied to P. asperuloides, Kunth! from which it chiefly differs in the denser
spike, broader wings and white (not rose-colored) flowers.

21. P. grandiflora. — This is either the same with P. violacea of Aublet,
or exceedingly near that species, as was obligingly pointed out to us by Mr.
Bennett, who showed us a Brazilian specimen in the Banksian herbarium.

SUPPLEMENT— VIOLACKJE. «1

We have also seen Mexican specimens. Our sjwcies is railed by the
aborigines ' ClincUna' (tide Vr. (Junltn, tnss. SolaniJ. in herb. Bankn.) Mr.
Brown lias noticed that a Chilian species is figured in Feuillo under tl>e
native name of ' Clin-Clin.'

fi. angustifolia : leaves linear, somewhat glabrous.

Southern Florida, Dr. Ltavemvorth ! Middle Florida, Dr. Ottipman. —
Leaves scarcely half a line in breadth, tapering to a sharp jwint. Flowers,
&c. as in the more common fonn of the plant.

23. P. Xutkana. — Mr. Nultall has recently sent us a brief description of
a Polygala which he collected in California (P. Californica, yutt. mss.),
which is doubtless the P. Nutkana, judging fmm the character of De Can-

^olle, and our recollection of Mcxinu's drawing in that author's |iossessinn.
It is thus described by Mr. Nuttall : " Perennial, somewhat pubescent, de-
cumbent : leaves elliptic-oblong, obtuse, apjiroximate ; racemes few-flowered ;
flowers greenish; crest none; calyeine wings oblong, obtuse; the fertile
flowers nearly all ujkiu radical sarments, apetalous; caj)sules almost circular,
flat ; root bitter." J\'«/^

24. P. adenuala (Hook. & Arn., not of Nutt.) — We have examined an
authentic specimen of this species, and think it distinct from both P. sangui-
nea and P. ambigua, tliough much nearer the latter. The caruncle is as
long as the seed. As the name is pre-occupied, the species may be called
P. Hookcri.

2. KRAMERIA, p. 134.

For additional remarks upon the structure of the flower, vid. Bentham, pi. Hart,
tceg. p. 13. Mr. Bentham justly considers tlie ovary as monocarpellary. Our K.
lanceolata is not K. secundillora, DC, (judging from an inspection of ]\Iocino'a
drawing), as has been supposed ; but to this last apparently belongs the K. Ixina,
Benth. I. c. (not oi Linn.)

Order VIOLACE^.
1. NOISETTLV, p. 135.

1. -Y. acuminata (DC.) is apparently a state of Solea conrolor, in fruit,
with longer pedicels, (v. sp. in herb. vuis. Par.)

2. VIOLA, p. 136-145.

9. J', rotundifolia. — Add syn. Reichenb. ic. aot. t. 124.

18. V. rostrata. — Add syn. Reichenb. I. c. t. 131.

29. V. Canadensis.— Add syn. Brit.fl. gard. {ser. 2) t. 62.

31. V. chri/santha. — Add syn. Hook. ScArn. ! bot. BeecJiey, suppl. p. 325. —
There is a prior V. chrysantha of Schrader (in Reichenb. ic. exot. t. 114.) but
that is probably only V . calcarata or V. lutea.

Order HYPERICACEiE.

1. ASCYRUM. i>. 156.

When the first edition of the Species Plantarum was published, Linntens seem*
to have had no specuuens of this genus in his herbarium, and in consequence the

672 SUPPLEMENT.— HYPERICACE^.

synonymy of his A. Crax-Andreee and A. hypericoides was greatly confused. The
name Crux {Sancti) Andrea, commenced with Banister {cat. stirp. Virg.), which
is referred to Hypericum pumilum sempervirens &c. Pluk. mant. p. 104; — the
plant of Plukenet proves to he A. stuns, Michx. (fide herb. Pluk. I) Here Lin-
naeus obtained the name Crux-Andrea, but he does not adduce that plant of Pluk-
enet to his A. Crux-Andreffi, but establishes it wholly upon " Hypericoides ex terra
Mariana, floribus exiguis luteis,' Pluk. mant. ; which plant proves on inspection
to be Hypericum mutilum ! Linnaeus founded his A. hypericoides upon A. foliis
ovalis, Hort. Cliff, (of which no specimen is preserved in herb. hort. Cliff.) a.nd
of Gronov. Virg. (which is A. Crux-Andreae of this work and of American
authors); Hypericoides frutescens erecta &,c. Plumier, gen. p. 51, (a West
Indian plant) ; and to these is added, Hypericum pumilum sempervirens &c. Pluk.
I. c. (which is A. stans, Michx. as we have stated above.) Thus far the first edi-
ion of tho species Plantarum. In the second edition the chiiracter of A. Crux."
Andres is changed, and the .synonyms of Hort. Cliff, and Gronov. Virg. are trans-
ferred from A. hypericoides to this species; so that the A. Crux-Andrese, Linn,
spec. ed. 2, may be said to be our plant of that name, and should therefore doubtless
be retained, notwithstanding the earlier confusion. The A. hypericoides is like-
wise modified, the syn. of Gronovius &c. excluded, and a Jamaica plant of Browne
introduced, so that this species may be said to rest chiefly on the West Indian plant ;
which being probably different from ours, the name, A. stans, Michx. ! should
be continued for our plant.

1. A. Crux-Andrece (Linn.! spec. ed. 2, not of ed. 1. vid. supra.)— Add
syn. A. linifolium, A. oblongifolium, A. spathulatum, & A. helianthemi-
folium, Spach! consp. Hyper, in ann. sci. nat. 1836.

2. A. p>umilum (Michx.!)— This species we have recently received from
Georgia and liave seen in many collections: it is well distinguished by the
slender peduncles, which are elongated and refracted after flowering.

3. A. stans.— Md syn. A. hypericoides, Linii. spec. ed. 1. (partly.)

After no. 4, add :
§ Sepals small and somewhat equal; styles elongated.— IsoFnYhhvm,
Spach.

5. A. microsepalum. — Add syn. Isophyllum Drummondii, S^ac/i.' inarm,
sci. nat. I. c. p. 19.

2. HYPERICUM, p. 157-167.

1. H. pyramidatum. — Add syn. Roscyna Americana, Spach! conspect.
Hyper, in ann. sci. nat. 1836.

3. H.prolificum (Linn. ! Lam.)— Add syn. Myriandra prolifica, Spach ! I.
c. M. spathulata, Spach! I. c.

6. H. galioides. — Excl. syn. H. rosmarinifolium, Ell. I. c. Add syn.
H. fasciculatum, Michx. ! I. c. ; Willd. ! I. c. H. axillare, Lam. ! I. c.
(fide sp. in herb. Juss.) H. Michauxii, Desrouss. ; Pair. ! I. c. Myriandra
Michauxii & M. galioides, Spach! I. c.

7. H. fasciculatum (Lam.! fide sp. in herb. Desf. !) not of Michx.!—
Excl. syn. MicJiX. : also H. Michauxii, Pofr.— Transfer syn. H. aspalathoi-
des, Willd. & H. tenuiiblium, Pursh, to var /?.— Add syn. A. nilidum, Lam. !
in herb. Juss. Myriandra nitida, Spach! I. c.

/?. (aspalathoides)— Excl. syn. H. axillare. Lam. Add syn. B.. aspala-
thoides, Willd. (H. rosmarinifolium, KiJin, in herb. Willd. !) H. tenuifolmm,
Pursh ! I. c. Myriandra brachyphylla, Spach ! I. c. ' ,

SUPPLEMENT— HYPERICACEiE. $73

10. H. corymhosum. — Add syn. H. inicranthum, Oiois.! wliich is wrongly
cited under II. inaciilatiiin. II. j)uiictauim, Kcichcixh. ic. trot. t. fcit).
H. maculatuni, Michx. ! l. c.

11. II. macidatum. — Excl. syn. II. micranlhuni, Chois. — Texas, Drum-
raond. — Capsule strongly marked with glandular vesicles along the sides of
each carpel.

12. H. aureum. — H. frondosum, Michx.! — Tennessee, Dr. Currey ! &^x.
Alabama, Mr. Buckley!

13. //. myrtifolium (Lam.! fide sp. inhcrb. Jus.i.) — II. glaucum, Michx. !
H. sessiliflorum, i^prcng. ! fide sp. in herb. WUU. Myriandra glauca,

^_l)ach ! I. c.

14. H. dolabrijormc (Vent.! fide sp. in hcrh. Dckss.) — Add syn. Ikathy-
dium grandiflorum, ii/jac/t / I. c.

15. H. amhiguum (Ell. ! ex herb.) — Mr. Elliott's specimen somewhat re-
sembles our H. rosmarinifolium.

16. H. niulijlorum (Michx.! not oi Rcichcnh. ic. exol. t. 87.) — Add syn.
Myriandra nudiflora, Spach ! I. c. — Florida, Dr. Chapman !

17. H. spheerocatfon (Michx.!) — Add syn. Brathydium sphffirocarpon,
Spach! I. c. B. Chanifcnerium, Spach! I. c. (excl. syn.)

18. H. opacum is H. cislifolium, Lam. ! (fide sp. in herh. Juss.) This
name being substituted, add syn. H. rosmarinifolium, Ell. ! sic. 2. p. 29.
(a narrow-leaved stale.) H. nudiflorum, a. Hook. Sf Am. ! in jour. hot.
Brathydium hyssopitblium, Spacli ! I. c. — S. Carolina ! to Florida ! and
Louisiana ! ratlier common. Possibly this is llie original II. rosmarinifolium
also. A well-marked species.

19. H. pilosum. — Add syn. Brathys tomentosa, Spach ! I. c

20. H. angulosum (Michx. !) — Add syn. H. virgatum, Lam.! (fide sp. in
herb. Juss.), a narrow-leaved form : this name should in strictness be adopt-
ed for the species. H. hedyotifolium, Poir. ; DC. ! I. c. H. acuiifolinm, Ell. !
sk. 2. p. 20. (a narrow-leaved state.) Bralliys linoides, B. Erythreie, <?c B.
lanceolata, Spach ! I. c. — Extremely variable as to fohage, yet a well-
marked species.

22. H. mulilum (Linn. I) — Add syn. H. quinquenervium ( Walt. !)
Reichenh. ic. cxot. t. 9G. — Brathys (juinciuenervia, Spacli! I. c.

23. H. Canadcnse (Linn. !) — Add syn. Brathys Canadensis, Spach! I. c.

24. H. Sarothra (Michx. !) — Add syn. Brathys gentianoides, Spach ! I. c.

25. H. Drummondii. — Add syn. Brathys Drummondii, Spach! I. c.

26. H. elatum (Ait. not of Juss.) — We have not been able to find any
specimen of the plant published in tlie Hortus Kewensis ; which seems to
belong to the same group with A. hircinum, &c. But in the Koyal Herba-
rium at Berlin (in the general collection) we met with a i>lant sent by Mr*
Kinn (doubtless from the mountainous portion of the Southern States) under
the name of " Hypericum grandillora", which is entirely new to us, and
seems to be Alton's II. elatum. It is a large flowered species, belonging to
the same section with H. hircinum and H. Canariense.

27. H. foMigiatum (Ell. ! fide hcrh.) is a form of II. adpressum, with
longer and more acute leaves, and a larger and more fastigiate cyme than
usual. It may be appended as a variety of that species. (/J. fastigialum.)

86

674 SUPPLEMENT.— CARY0PHYLLACE7E.

are forms of H. angulosum. Vid. supra.

29. H. sessilifiorum (Spreng. !) is II. myrtifolium, Lwin. Vid. supra.

30. H. virgatum (Lam !)

32. H. hedyotifolium (Poir.)

31. H. cistifolium (Lam. !) is to take the place of our H. opacum. Vid.
supra.

33. H. triplinerve (Vent. !) is not an American plant, and luust be excluded.

34. H. anagalloides (Cham. & Schlecht. !) — Add syn. Hook. Sf Am. hot,
Beechey, p. 136.— Oregon, Douglas! Nuitall. — The original description ia
not very good : the plant is nearly allied to H. mutilura, and should be
placed next that species. The cyme is sometimes nearly naked, with nume*
rous flowers.

35. H. acutifolium (Ell. !) is a variety of H. angulosum. (H. virgatum,
Lam.) Vid. supra.

Order ILLECEBRACEiE.
6. LGEFLINGIA, p. 174.

L. squarrosa. — Add syn. L. Texana, Hook. ! ic. pi. t. 285. — Texas,
Drummond !

Order CARYOPHYLLACE^.

The Alsines are now in the course of elaboration by Mr. Fenzl, of the Imperial
Museum at Vienna, who has the most ample materials at his disposal. A portion of
his truly excellent monograph is already published (in Annal. Wiener. Museum.),
and considerable alterations are made in the arrangement of the tribe. As bis
work is still unfinished, we shall, to prevent confusion, make very few notes upon
the tribe at present, but may hereafter give a notice of his arrangement, and make
the necessary changes in the synonymy.

2. MERKIA, p. 176.

M. pliysodes {¥iBc\i. \) — Add syn. Stellaria ovalifolia,- l/boZ:. .' jl. Bor.-
Am. 1. p. 97. (Kotzebue's Sound.)

5. ARENARIA, p. 178-182.

4. A. nardifolia.— Add syn. Ledeb. ! ic. pi. Ross.-Alt. t. 6. — Sepals not
very obtuse.

6. A. juniperina of Pursh! is A. verna. The former species should pro-
bably be excluded from the American flora.

10 {a). A. (Alsine) Douglasii, Fenzl ! — A. verna 0. parce pilosa, glandu-
losa, capsula majore, Hook. Sf Am. ! hot. Beechey, suppl. p. 325. — Cali-
fornia, Douglas ! — Appears to be a distinct species, and may stand between
A. tenella, Nutt. (which is A. tenuifolia /?. Americana, Fenzl! i.e.) and
A. Pitcheri.

11. A. Pitcheri. — Add syn. Alsine microsperma, Fenzl! I. c.

14. A. Crrcenlandica (Spreng.!) — Add syn. Alsine glabra, Fenzl! I.e.
partly.

SUPPLEMENT— CARYOPHYLLACEtE. G75

"' 15 (a). A. Benthamii (Fen/.l ! in hcrh. Rentli.) : nnnual, nearly plnbrous,
branched from tin; base ; stems slciuler ("2-4 Indies liigli), l-5-lluwere<l ; leaves
linear-ol)lon2;, cuspidate-acute, much siiorter than tlie internodes ; the lowest
spalulate, attenuate into a short petiole ; sepals ovate, acute, 1- (rir slightly
3-) nerved, as long as the capsule ; petals spatulate-obovate, shorter than the
calyx.

Texas, Drunwwnd ! — This is loo insiijnifieant a species to bear the name
of such an excellent botanist. The leaves and stems are sometimes very
slightly hairy ; the petals inconspicuous. The leaves are i)unetate under a
lens, and cuspidate, just as in Stellaria lanuginosa ; the calyx is the same,
and so is the sliLjlit pubescence ; and hence we were inclined to consider it a
very diminutive or starved state of that species : but the testa of the seed is
tuberculate in this plant ; in the other, smooth and even.

21. A. arclica (Steven!) — Add syn. Ledeh.! ic. pi. Ross.-All. t. 413.
Alsiue arclica, Fenzl ! I. c.

22. A. macrocarpa (Pursli ! fide sp. in hfrli. Jianls.) — Alsine macrocarpa,
Fenzl ! I. c. A. hetcromalla, RudiAplii. (N. W. Coast ! Arctic sea-shore,
&c.) — Allied to A. arctica, but a distinct and remarkable species. Flowers
very large.

25. A. Purshiana, Seringe, (A. thymifolia, PuTsh!) is Stellaria humifusa.
(v. sp. in herb. Banks.)

26. A. lateriflora (Linn. !) — Add. syn. A. Ha^nkeana, Prcsl, rcl. Hfenk.,
fide Fenzl. A. buxifolia, Poir.! (v. sp. in herh. Juss.), which therefore is to
be erased from the doubtful species (29). Mocheringia lateriflora, Fenzl ! I. c.

6. STELLARIA, _?;. 183.

5. iS. Nuttallii. — Add syn. Alsine Drummondii, Fenzl! I. c.

12. iS. nitens. — Add syn. S. mcenchioides, Fenzl! I.e. S..6tricta (in
part), Hook.

16. <S. crispa (Cham. &. Schlecht. !) is S. borcalis ft. crispa, Fenzl! I. c.

19. S. lanuginosa. — Spergulastrum lanuginosum, Michx.! I. c. — A native
also of South America.

7. CERASTIUM, p. 187-189.

9. C. nutans. — What we consider a slender form of this is C tcnellum,
Fenzl! I. c. (Texas, Drummond ! Coll. III. no. 30.)

8. SILENE, p. 189-194.

8. .S. qninquevidnera. — The Californian plant is said to be ratlier S. Gal-
lica {Hook. iifArn. I. c), which howe'<'er is scarcely deemed a distinct species.

10. .S. Drummondii (Hook.!) — To this S. multicaule. Null. (no. 13.)
must be united, as a less pubescent and glandular variety.

15. S. Virginica (Linn. !) was founded on both S. Virginica and S.
Pennsylvanica ; specimens of the two are in his herbarium, but chiefly the
latter : the synonym of Gronovius belongs to the former.

18 («). S. ^^u/c/ira : glandular ; stem erect ; leaves (upper ones) nar-
rowly linear, acute, 1 -nerved, closely sessile; flowers (several, large) on

676 SUPPLEMENT.— PORTULACACEiE.

rather long peduncles ; calyx cylindrical, elongated ; the teeth oblong, with
broad membranaceous margins ; petals (deep red) nearly equally 4-cleft. —
Lychnis pulchra, var. Hook. SfArn.J lot. Beechey, suppl. p. 3^6 (an Cham.
Sf Schlecht. ?)

California, Douglas! — Lower part of the stem wanting in our speci-
mens ; the summit naked, sparingly paniculate, 5-9-flowered, or more.
Upper leaves 2-3 inches long, 1-2 lines wide. Calyx about an inch long,
slightly clavate in fruit. Petals exserted scarcely one-third their length;
the limb deeply 4-cleft to the same point ; the segments linear, the lateral
ones a little smaller : crown small, erose-toothed. — The specimens agree
pretty well with the description of Lychnis pulchra, except in the narrower
leaves ; but there are only 3 styles I

20. S. Menziesii (Hook. !) — The specimen of Menzies (in herb. Banks..')
is just the S. stellarioides of Nuttall. Hooker's species includes the two;
but if they be distinct, the name of 5^. Menziesii ought to be retained for the
plant of Menzies. It is evident, however, from the specimens now in our
possession, that they are only varieties of the same species.

23. S. axillaris (Leavenworth) is most probably Cuphea viscosissima.
11. DIANTHUS, p. 195.

J). Caroliniana (Walt.)— The specimen in his herbarium consists of an
umbel of Dodecatheon Meadia ! in fruit.

Order PORTULACACE.^.
3. CALANDRINA, p. 197.

2. C. speciosa (Lindl. not of Hook. lot. mag. t. 3379) is a synonym of C.
Menziesii.

5. CLAYTONIA, p. 198-202.

4. C. alsinoides. — The syn. C. Unalaschkensis is correctly added to this
species. — The C. Sibirica of Linnaeus (as appears from the specimen inhis
herbarium, which however wants the root) is the same with the S. Sibirica,
Pallas ! in herh. IVilld. ; and to it belong C. arctica, Adams, S^-c, C. Joan-
niana, Roim. Sf Schult., C. Chamissoi, DC. ! (excl. syn.) and C. acutifoUa,
Ledeb. fl. Alt. not of herl. Willd. ! (pi. Pall.) which is very different. It
has been collected on the islands between Asia and the North West Coast,
and probably exists upon the American Continent.

6. C. perfoliata. — In cultivated specimens, the raceme is often elongated,
and the cauline pair of leaves occasionally almost distinct.

9. C. exigua. — Add syn. C. spathulata, /?. major and y. exigua, iibo^.
S(Arn.! lot. Beechey, suppl. p. 344. (Both forms appear quite different
from the original figure of C. spathulata.)

10. C. gypsophiloides (Fisch. & Meyer!) should be placed between C.
perfoliata and C. parviflora, from which last perhaps it is not sufficiently
distinct.

12. C. aquatica (Nutt.) is the same with C. Chamissonis, Eschs. .' Sf
Ledeb. in Spreng. syst. 1. p. 790; Cham. S^' Schlecht.! in Linncea, 6. p.
562 (not of DC), which name must accordingly be adopted. The stolons
bear little bulbs, which are noticed by Chamisso, but are not observable in

SUPPLEMENT— LRWISIEiE. G??

Nuttall's specimens. Cliainisso's plant is from Unalasrhka I — " C. stoloni-
fera," mcntionotl umlcr tliLs species, slioiild liavc been C. sariiienlosa.

14. C. porvifulia. — The drawin"; of Mo(ino, in l*rof. DeCandollc's pos-
session, accurately represents our plant.

G. MONTIA, p. 202.

M. fontana. — Add syn. i\I. lamprosi)cm]a, Cham. S^- Srhlcrhl. .' in f/,n-
naa, 6. p. 5G4. (Seeds larger, less tuberculate, shining. — Unalaschka.) —
Add also, Newfoundland, Ft/laic !

SuiioRDEu LEWISIEiE. Hook.

Ord. SpaDlalumetc, Nutt.

Sepals 6-8. broadly ovate, slightly united at the base, potaloid,
convolutn-imbricatc in a;stivation, persistent. Petals 8-lU (10-12,
Null.), imbricate in a;stivation, oblong-linear, or some of the outer
ones ovate, spreading, marcescent and at length twisting around the
stamens and pistil. Stamens numerous, inserted with the petals at
the base ot^ the calyx : filaments slender, shorter than the petals :
anthers linear-oblong, cleft at each end, introrse. Ovary globose-
ovoid, slightly stipitatc, striated, 1-ccllcd, with a free central pla-
centa, niany-ovuled : style persistent, short : stigmas 6-8, filiform,
downy. Capsule globose, coriaceo-membranaceous, l-cellcd, sepa-
rating transversely at the base, and there somewhat 6-valved. Seeds
numerous, campulitropous, reniform-globosc, on long funiculi, which
arise from the base of the cell : testa crustaceous, smooth and
shining. Embryo terete, curved around the outside of mealy
albumen : cotyledons long, unequal. — An herb, with large and thick
fusiform roots, which branch below : the bark (brownish externally)
bright red withiti : the inner portion white and farinaceous. Leaves
densely imbricated on the short thick caudex, linear-oblong, thick
and succulent. Scapes (short) fleshy, articulated above the middle,
where they arc involucrate with 5-7 subulate membranaceous
scales, 1-flowered. Flower large : petals rose-color.

7. LEWISIA. Pursh, Jl. I. p. 3C8 ; Nutl. in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p.
23, t. 2; Hook. hot. misc. 1. p. 344, t. 70, ty hot. Bcecheij, suppl. p.
334, t. 86.

Character same as of the Suborder.
L. rediviva (Pursh, 1. c.)

Throughout the interior of Oregon, near the mountains, in dry prairies
along n\'er»^ Leivis, Douglas! Drummond ! Mr. IVijelh ! J\Ir. Tohnic ! —
This very singular plant has been examined by Nutfall, who received rather
imperfect specimens from Mr. Wyeth, and recently by Hooker (who had
previously figured the llower-liud-^, &c.), whose excellent specimens were
furnished by Mr. Tolmie. The ])lant proves, as Hooker long ago suspected,
more nearly allied to Porlulacaceae than to anv otiier family, (iiiiic too
nearly, wc are convinced, to render its complete separation allowable ; and

G78 SUPPLEMENT.— GERANIACE^.

hence we have followed the suggestion of the latter author in respect to its
arrangement, — Tlie jilant is called Spatulum or S-paClum by the natives,
who gather the rools and employ them largely as an article of food.. The
bark being stripped off", the white inner portion is boiled in water, when it
forms a substa,nce similar to Salep or boiled Arrow-root. The dead root,
according to Nuttall, almost dissolves into starch by . maceration in cold
water. The roots are so tenacious of life, that specimens in Lewis's herba-
rium, as Pursh records, showing some signs of vegetation, were planted in a
garden at Philadelphia, where they grew for a year ; and Douglas's speci-
mens, treated in tlie same way, vegetated for a short time in the garden of
the London Horticultural Society.

Order ELATINACE^.

1. ELATINE, J}- 203— Add sp. :

2. E. (Merimea) Texana (Hook.) : diffusely branched, ascending, pube-
rulent; leaves oblong-spatulate, rather acute, serrate, tapering at the base
into a slight petiole, bistipulate ; flowers pedicellate, mostly solitary in the
axils of the leaves ; sepals (ovale-acumioate), petals, stamens, and short
styles or stigmas 5 ; seeds marked with dotted lines. — Merimea (an Bergia?)
Texana, Hook. ! ic. pi. t 278. .

Texas, Drummond! — Stems 6-10 inches in length, minutely pubescent
with short and thick spreading hairs. Sepals denticulate, rather longer than
the narrowly oblong obtuse petals. Stigmas, or short styles, distinct. — This
plant certainly falls into Elatine, as characterized by Arnott, whose views we
had adopted in ;the body of this work ; and we know not how Merimea of
Cambessedes is to be sufficiently distinguished. The dehiscence in this
plant is not loculicidal, which Arnott states to be the character of the order,
nor is it truly septicidal, but septifragal.

Order LINAGES.

1. LINUM, 2^- 204.

The Texan species (no. 37, of Drummond's 2d Collection) which we had
doubtingly. referred to L. selaginoides, proves to be a different species. The fol-
■ lowing should be substituted in place of our character, &c.

5. L. multicaule ,(Hook. ! mss.) : annual; stems (5-10 inches high) usually
much branched from the base, rigid ; leaves subulate, mucronate-cuspidate,
1-nerved, closely appressed and imbricated ; flowers somewhat corymbed ;
pedicels very short ; sepals ovate, rigid, obscurely 1-nerved, strongly cuspi-
date, with broad scarious staiewliat ciliate-serrulate margins ; ovary com-
pletely 10-celled; styles united above the middle.

Order GERANIACE.^.

1. GERANIUM, >. 206.

2. G. alhijlorum. — This species was first published by Ledebour, under
the same name {Fl. Alt. 2. p. 230, S^'ic-i^l. Ross.-Alt. t. 18. Add syn. G.
Kichardsonii, Fisch. Sf Meyer, ind. sem. 1837; who have changed the name
on the supposition of its being different from the Siberian species.

SUPPLEMENT— 0CHNACE;E. G7'J

2. ERODIUM, p. 207— Add:

2. E. macrophyllum (Hook. 6c Arn.) : j)ubcsccnt; leaves cordate, on loii;^
petioles, S-T-lobed ; the lobes short, croiiate-serruie ; pediincirs as loni; an
the leaves, and, as well as the calyx, glaiuiidar-hairy ; umbels y-5-ilii\v( nd;
sepals elliptical, niucronate-aeuniiuate, with inenibraDaccous niar;;ins; car-
pels oblong, atleiniate at tiic base, truiieate at the summit, silky-villous.
Hook. S^'Arn.! supjd. hot. Bcccltci/, j). 3'i7.

California, Douglas! — Leaves "J-'Ji inches long. Awns of the fruit spiral-
ly twisted, and bearded iiilernally with red hairs.

Order OXALIDACEiE.

4. OXALIS, p. 210.

4 (a). O. vespertilionis : stemlcss; bulb solitary, scaly ; leaves 3-foliolate,
and, with the whole plant, glabrous; leaflets dilated, broadly euneate at the
base, 2-lobed; the lobes oblong, divaricate; scape S-S-flowered, longer than
the leaves; pedicels 2-3 times as long as the flowers; sepals linear-oblong,
with 3-4 glands at the tip; petals (violet) narrowly oblong, entire; filaments
glabrous, toothless, the longer ones much shorter than the hairy styles.

Texas, Drummmul ! — Bulb about the size of a ha7.el-nut, clotiied with
brown scales. Petioles 3-5 inches long. Leaflets about an inch wide and
scarcely one-third of an inch froni the base to the inner angle of the notch;
the lobes rather obtuse. Peduncle 5-8 inches long : longer pedicels an inch
or more in length. Flowers smaller than in O. violacea. Se])als witli
several confluent orange-colored glands at tlie tip. — Apparently allied to
O. latifolia, Kunth, but differs in being quite glabrous in the narrow lobes of
the leaves, and in the toothless filaments. From O. violacea it is readily
distinguished by the form of the leaves.

Order XXXI (a). OCHNACEiE, DC.

Sepals 4-5, persistent: aestivation imbricate. Petals hypogy-
nous, as many as the sepals or rarely more numerous, deciduous,
spreading, imbricate in estivation. Stamens as many or twice
as many as the petals, or sometimes indclinite, inserted on the
hypogynous disk : filaments persistent : anthers innate or introrse,
usually opening by pores. Carpels equal in number with the
petals, distinct or sometimes more or less combined, seated on the
enlarged tumid fleshy disk (gynobase) ; tlieir styles combined into
one, which springs directly from the disk between the bases of the
ovaries : ovules solitary, erect or sometimes pendulous. Fruit of 4-5
or more drupaceous carpels, articulated with the torus. Seed
anatropous, destitute of albumen. Radicle short : cotyledons thick.
— Trees or shrubs, (natives of the tropics), witii simple alternate
stipulate leaves.

680 SUPPLEMENT— ANACARDIACEiE.

1. CASTELA. Turpin, in ann. mus. 7. t. 5; HooJc. hot. misc. 1. 2^- 271,

t.55.

Dioecio-polygamous. Calyx small, 4-cleft. Petals 4, oval, concave,
spreading. Stkrile Fl. Stamens 8, inserted on a small hypogynous disk:
filaments filiform : anthers introrse, opening longitudinally nearly their whole
length ? Ovaries abortive. Fertile Ft. Stamens 8 : filaments short :
anthers mostly sterile. Ovaries 4, united in the axis : style very short :
stigmas 4, recurved. Drupes 4, at length distinct and spreading. Seed
pendulous, with a small quantity of albumen. — Evergreen (West Indian)
shrubs, with somewhat thorny branchlets, and alternate entire (thick) leaves.
Stipules none. Flowers small, axillary.

This genus varies from the character assigned to the order Ochnaceae in several
points, some of which we have introduced into the ordinal character. It doubt-
less forms a distinct tribe or section.

1. C. Nicholsoni (Hook.) : leaves elliptical, coriaceous, mucronulate, the
lower surface as well as the branchlets silky-canescent ; spines axillary ;
stamens hirsute. Hook. I. c.

(S. Texana : leaves lanceolate or oblong-linear.

Texas, Drummond I (/?.) A native also of Antigua (where it is called
Goat-hush by the negroes), whence it was sent to Sir Wm. Hooker, by Dr.
T. Nicholson. The Texan plant accords with the figure, except that the
leaves are mostly narrower.

Order ZANTHOXYLACEiE.

1. ZANTHOXYLUM, _p. 214.
§ 3. Sepals, petals, and stamens 4 ; ovaries 2. — Fagara, Jacq.

3. Z. Pterota? (H. B. & K.) : prickly; leaves unequally pinnate ; leaf-
lets 3-4 [-6] pairs, obovate-oblong, obtuse, emarginate, glabrous, the mar-
gins crenate and glandular-punctate ; petiole winged, aculeolate ; spikes
axillary, solitary or geminate, shorter than the petiole ; ovaries 2 ; capsule
solitary, pisiform (prickles geminate, stipular, uncinate). Kunth, syn. 3. p.
325; DC. prodr. 1. pi. 725. Fagara,Pterota, Linn. ammn. 5. p. 393.

Texas, Drummond ! (Without flowers or fruit.) — The leaflets in the Texan
plant are small, mostly 6 pairs, and the petiole is unarmed.

2. PTELEA, p. 214.

1. P. trifoliata. — Add syn. Guimp. Otto,Sf Hayne, Jwlz.t. 74.

0. mollis : branchlets, petioles, and lower surface of the leaves clothed
with a soft tomeutose pubescence, even when old. (Texas, Drummond!)

Order ANACARDIACE^.

1. RHUS, p. 216—219.

1. R. typhina. — Upon an abnormal state of this (according to Mr. Ben-

SUPPLEMENT.— MALVACEiE. 681

netl), the Datisca liirta of Linnajus is founded. Vid. PL Javan, rariarea,
J}. 80.

5. R. venenata. — The R. Vernix, Lirm. was oriijinnlly founded entirely
on the N. American species ; hence the Linna.aii name ought to have been
continued for our plant.

For the name of the subgenus 4. {p. 219) ' Malsosma, Nutf.,^ the ])rior
name of Lithrea, Miczs ; Hook. &^' Arn. bot. misc. 3. p. 175, must be
substituted.

' 8. R. aromatica. — The ])lant from the western coast of Mexico, which
Hooker Ac Arnott have noticed as a variety of this species {Bot. Bcechey, p.
284,) seems to us a distinct species.

Order MALVACEAE.

2. MALVA, p. 225-227.
3. M. Houghtonii. — Upper leaves sometimes palmately 2-4-lobed at the base.

3 (a). M. malachroides (Hook. & Am.) : herbaceous, erect, pilose-liispid ;
leaves on long petioles, membranaceous, deeply cordate, obtusely G-7-lobed,
coarsely and somewhat acutely toothed ; stipules subulate ; peduncle tenni-
nal ; flowers in a spike ; bracteoles 3, setaceous, and with the calyx very
hispid ; petals 2-cleft. Hook: ^' Am. ! hot. Bccchey. suppl. p. 326.

California, Douglas ! — Leaves 2 inches or more in diameter ; the petiole
longer than the lamina. Flowers apparently jjurple, in a dense spike.
Fruit not known.

8. M. Papave.r. — Add syn. Nuttallia rordifolia, Bart. Jl. N. Anicr. t. 62.
N. cordata, Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1938. The plant fiirurcd in llie Botanical Regis-
ter appears to be one of the numerous forms o'L M. Papaver. It was described
from specimens raised from seeds collected by Mr. Drummond, probably in
Texas.

9. SIDA, p. 231-235.

2. S. Elliottii. — Add the locality : Louisiana, Prof. Carpenter!

p. Texana : leaves small ; petiole about one-third liie length of the lamina ;
stem much branched.

Texas, Drummond I — Except in the characters here given, w;e discover
no other diflerence between this plant and the common form of S. Elliottii.

"We have not seen the fruit : but there are 10 styles.

%■
5. S. hispida.— Add syn. Hook. S^- Am. in jour. hot. 1. p. 198. (St.
lioxiis, Drmnynond .')— Carpels 5, pubescent, obtuse. This is probably the
plant of Elliott, but perhaps not of Pursh.

9. S. ohliqua.— Add syn. Malva Califomica, PresL! rel. Hank. 2. p.
121. (v. sp. in herb. Imp. Vindob.) California, Hanke !

12. S. dioica. — Alluvial grounds, Columbus, Ohio, Mr. Sullivant! Cincin-
nati, Mr, Lea ! July. — Plant 3-4 feet high. Lower leaves a foot or more
in diameter; lobes incisely pinnatifid and iregularly toothed. Flowers white,
in a large leafy panicle, sometimes with 6 petals and a 6-cleft calyx. Petals
obovate. Carpels usually about 8, transversely wrinkled on the back, and
somewhat scabrous, with a very short mucronate point.

13. S. alcceoides.— Add to the character : Carpels 10, ovate, acute, hispid
below, with a transverse spur-like process in the upper part of the cell.

86

682 SUPPLEMENT.— BYTTNERIACE^.

Hills, Tennessee, April-May, Dr. Cnrrey ! — Flowers apparently wMte,
or pale rose-color. The transverse process in the fruit is like that of Modiola,
except that it is situated near the summit of the cell.

14. S. malvteflora. — Atld syn. Hooh.S^'Arn. hot. Beechey , svppl. j^?. 326.
Nuttallia malvasflora, Fisch.. t^ Trautv. inch sem. St. Petersb. 1838. —
Our specimen from Mr. Douglas's Californian collection is probably the
species referred to in the work cited above ; but the flowers are more than
twice as large as even in our cultivated specimens of S. malvreflora received
from Sir Wm. Hooker. We strongly suspect that S. Oregana, Nutt. and
even S. delphinifolia, Nutt. are only varieties of this species.

16. 6'. diijloscypha. — Add syn. Hook. ^* Am. ! hot. Beechey, suppl. p.
326, t. 76.— Tlie plant is annual.

16 («). S. grossulariafolia (Hook. & Am.) : hoary with a stellate pubes-
cence; leaves cordate, 3-5-parted ; the segments cuneiform, 2— 3-cIeft ; pe-
duncles axillary, 3-5-flowered ; calyx 5-cleft, with 2-3 subulate deciduous
leaflets at the base. Hook. S^' Arn. ! I. c.

Bamcock River, (Snake Country), Oregon, Mr. Tolmie ! — Flowers large,
red, resembling those of S. coccinea and S. dissecta, but quite different in the
foliage. Hook. Sf Am.

19. S. dissecta. — Add syn. Hook. 8^' Arn. ! hot. Beechey, suppl. p. 326. —
Bear River (Snake Country), Oregon, Mr. Tolmie!

11. PAVONIA. Cavan. diss. 3. p. 132 : Lam. ill. t. 585.

Calyx 5-cleft, surrounded by a few- or many-leaved involucel. Ovary 5-
(rarely 4-) celled ; with a single ovule in each cell : style 8-10-cleft at the
summit. Carpels united into a 5-lobed 5-celled capsule; each 2-valved, one-
seeded. Radicle inferior. Frutescent, or rarely herbaceous plants.

1. P. Drummondii : leaves roundish-cordate, somewhat 3-lobed, rather
obtuse, crenately toothed, pubescent above, velvety-tomentose beneath ;
flowers 4-6 together, clustered at the summit of elongald axillary peduncles
and flowering branches ; leaflets of the involucel 8-10, linear-spatulate,
rather shorter than the calyx ; carpels glabrous.

Texas, Drumjnond I — Stem shrubby and apparently tall, softly pubescent.
Leaves 2-3 inches in diameter, with 3 short lobes. Flowers scarlet, about
an inch long. Stamineal column at length much exserted. Capsule red,
formed of 5 ovate very obtuse carpels, which finally separate and split into 2
valves. Seeds glabrous. — Allied apparently to P. paniculata of Cavanilles.

Order XXXVIII (a). BYTTNERIACEtE. R.Br.

Sepals 5, more or less united at the base, naked or involucellate :
aestivation valvate. Petals hypogynous, equal in number with the
sepals, often saccate at the base and variously lengthened at the
apex, with a twisted or convolute aestivation, sometimes M'anting.
Stamens hypogynous, as many as the petals or more numerous, more
or less monadelphous ; some of them often sterile : anthers 2-celled,
extrorse. Ovary of 5 or rarely fewer carpels, which are more or less

SUPPLf:MENT.— A(ERACE;E. fi83

united : styles as many as the carpels, distinct or united : ovules 2-
3 or more in each carpel, ascending. Capsule 3-5-ccllfd, 3-.").
valvcd. Seeds anatropous, often strophiolate or winged : albumen
oily or fleshy, sotnelimcs none. Embryo usually straight : cotyjc.
dons foliaceous, Hat and plaited, or rolled round the plumule. —
Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple, exstipulatc : pubescence
often stellate.

1. MELOCHIA. Linn. (cxcl. spec.) ; //. B. S^-K. nov. firm. 5. p. 322.

Calyx S-cleft, persistent, naked or witli 1-3 bractcolcs at the base. Petals
5, spreading. Stamens 5, opposite the petals, short, monadclphous at llio
base. Styles 5 : stigmas slightly clavate. Carpels united into a 5-angled
5-celled loculicidal capsule. Seeds 1-2 in each cell. Cotyledons flat, folia-
ceous, reniform. — Shrubby plants (nearly confined to tropical America), with
alternate serrated leaves. Peduncles several-flowered, terminal, axillary,
or opposite the leaves. Flowers violet or white.

1. M. pyrnmidata (Linn.): leaves ovate-lanceolate, toothed, glabrous;
peduncles 5-6-flowered, longer than the petioles ; petioles and branches pu-
berulent. DC.—Cav. diss. 6. t. 172,/. 1 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 490.

Texas, between San Felipe and IJrazos, Drummond I — Stem branching ;
the branches marked with a broad ])ubescent longitudinal Hue contiinied from
the base of each petiole. Lower leaves ovate; the upper ones narrower,
about an inch long. Flowers 3-4 lines in diameter. Angles of the carpels
compressed, cuspidate : cells 2-seeded.

Order VITACE.-E.

1. VITIS, p. 242-245.

9. V. Caribtea 1 (DC.) : young branches, leaves and peduncles, tomen-
tose ; leaves roundisli-cordate, 3- or obscurely 5-lobed, coarsely serrate,
somewhat coriaceous, with a deep sinus, glabrous above, tomentose with a
whitish pubescence beneath. Hook. ^- Am. ! hot. Bccchej/, suppl. p. 327,
scarcely of DC. V. ludica, Sicarlz, obs. hot. p. 95 1 ; H. B. 6f K. nov. gen.
5. p. 227.

CaUfornia, Doufi(las I — Fruit the size of a currant.— This is doubtfully re-
ferred to V. Caritea by Hooker & Arnott ; but to us it seems that it cannot
be the plant of De Candolle, although it may of Swartz, while it is very pro-
bably die V. Indica of Kunth.

Order ACERACE.E.

1. ACER, p. 246-249.

2. A. spicatum. — Add syn. A. montanum, Guimp. Otlo, Sf Hayne,
Mz. t. 48.

G84 SUPPLEMENT.— HIPPOCASTANACE^.

. 5. A. glahrum. — We have the same species from Douglas's collection.
It is said to come from the Blue Mountains of Oregon. The specimens are
more perfect than those of Dr. James (but like them are in fruit only) : the
wings of the fruit are a little longer in proportion, and erect rather than
divergent.

8. A. saccharinum was wholly established by Linliseus upon a specimen
(leaves only) received from Kalm ; which specimen, we find on inspection,
belongs to A. dasycarpum ! Still as the A. saccharinum of Wangenheim,
Michaux, and all succeeding autliors, is the true Sugar- Maj^le^ a change in
the application of .the name would be unwarrantable.

10. A. rubrum. — The A. rubrum of Spach is a form of this species with
the leaves rather more deeply lobed and incised than usual, and the flowers
only reddish ; while his A. sangujneum is the A. rubrum as figured in the
Sylva of the younger Michaux. — After our var. /?. add :

y. leaves rather large, rigid, cordate at the base, densely tomentose beneath,
the tomentum somewhat persistent.^A. rubrum y. ? (Drummondii), Hook.
Sf Am. ! in. jour. bat. p. 199. — (Louisiana, Drummond! Prof. Carpenter!)
This and our /?. are certainly only forms of this somewhat polymorphous
species.

11. A.harhatum (Michx.!) should be discarded as a species, it having
been founded (as we had indeed long suspected) upon the flowers of A. sac-
charinum, the fruit of A. rubrum, and a leaf of something else, apparently
of A. spicatum, (v. sp. in herb. Michx. 2^ropr. 6^- herb. Richard.)

2. NEGUNDO, p. 249.

1. N. aceroides. — Add syn. N. fraxinifolium, Guimp. Otto, S^ Hayne,
holz. t. 95.

2. N. Californicum : leaves 3-foliolate, pubescent-tomentose especially
beneath ; the petioles and young branches very velvety ; leaflets ovate,
acuminate, 3-lobed, incised and serrate ; fruit oblong, pubescent, rather
shorter than the obliquely obovate almost erect wings. — Hook. Sf Am. J bot.
Beechey, suppl. p. 327, t. 77. — Fine specimens in fruit having been found in
Douglas's collection, a more complete character is given of this species, which
is proved to be totally distinct both froip N. aceroides and N. Mexicanum,
which Hooker has also received from Andrieux.

(Order MALPIGHIACE^.)

Banisteria microphylla (Jacq.) is said to be a native of Carolina, we think in.
correctly. Yet there is a Malpighiaceous plant from Fraser in Mr. Bentham's
herbarium, said to come from Carolina, which Mr, Adr. Jussieu informs us is
Heteropteris purpurea, H. B. ^ K., and probably also Banisteria microphylla,
Jacq.

Order HIPPOCASTANACE^.

2. UNGNODIA, p. 253, should be UNGNADIA. ,

Ungnadia speciosa, was so called by Endlicher in memory of Baron
Ungnade, many years since Aiistrian Ambassador at Constantinople, who
was the first to introduce the Horse- Chestnut into Western Europe.

SUPPLEMENT— C'ELASTRACK/E. C83

Order SAPINDACE^.

2. SAPINDUS, p- 254.

1. 5. marainatus (Willd. !)— A.I.I syn. 8: Driimmonclii (a.) lluok. A-
Arn.! hot. Btcchcij, p. 289; not fi. which is jjrobably a diflereul species.

Order CELASTRACE^.
2. CELASTRUS, p. 257.

Celastrus bullatus of Linnosus is founded on a figure of Plukenct, which repre-
sents C. scandens ! But Plukonct's pliraso ' Euonyiiuis Virginianus rotundifolius,
capsuljs . . . elegantcr bullalis', &,c. is taken Irom Banister, wiioso j)lant in Spirffia
opulilblia !

Order RIIAMNACEiE,
1. BERCHEMIA, p. 260.

1. B. volubilis is said hy Prof. Carpenter and others to climb (o the height
of lOU feet or more."

. h
. 2. RHAMNUS, p. 2G0.

6. R. parvifolius. — We have reason to suspect that tliis plant is not ilis-
tinct from R. lanceolatus.

13. R? obtusifolius {Hook. me(\.) : somewhat thorny, glabrous ; branches
whitish ; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, obtuse, about 3-norved from the base,
obscurely serrate, (or sometimes with distant rather conspicuous teeth), rather
shining above (apparently deciduous) ; fascicles of flowers shorter than the
petioles.

Texas, Drummond ! — The si)ccimens are destitute of flowers, the persis-
tent base of the caljx only remaining on the pedicels, so that it mav be a
Ceanothus; but Hooker, whose man uscrijit name we adopt, has ])robably
referred it correctly to tliis genus. The leaves vary from 1 to 2 inches in
length and i-1 inch in width, on rather slender petioles.

2 (a). CONDALIA. Cav. ic. 6. p. 16, /. 525 ; Brongn. I. c. p. 48.

Calyx spreathng, 4-5-cleft, adherent to the base of the ovary. Petals
none. Stamens 4-5, alternate with the segments of the calyx, inserted into
the margin of the flat 4-5-angled disk which surrounds the ovary : anthers
2-celled. Ovary 2-3-cellcd : style short : sligmsis 2-3, minute; Fruit a
1-celled 1-seeded drupe. Seed ovate, not furrowed. — Smooth much branch-
ed shrubs, witli spiny branclilets. Leaves alternate, almost sessile, obovate-
oblong, entire. Flowers axillary, minute.

1, C. obovata (Hook.) : leaves obovate-spatulato, tajicring at the base and
slightly petiolcd, obtuse, mucronulate, coriaceo-mcmbrauaceous ; flowers

686 SUPPLEMENT.— RHAMNACE^.

nearly sessile, somewhat clustered ; calyx persistent, 4-5-cleft ; stigmas 3. —
Hook. ! ic. fl. i. 287.

Texas, Drummond f — Branches rigid, flexuous, grayish. Leaves about
an inch long. Flowers in small axillary fascicles. Drupe the size of a
pepper-corn, on very short pedicels. — Very different from C. microphylla;
tJie leaves very much larger, and not cus])idate, the pedicels very short, &c.

4. CEANOTHUS, p. 264-268.

1. C. Americanus y. — Excl. syn. C. ovatus, Desf.

2. C. ovalis, — To this belongs C. ovatus, Desf. ! which is the prior name,
but less appropriate, as the leaves are never ovate.

5. C. velutinus (Hook. !) — Add var.

0.1 leevigatus: leaves glabrous beneath. — C. Isevigatus, Hook.! fl. Bor.-
Am. 1. p. 125. (Nootka, Menzics !) This was omitted by accident. — The
following may stand between this and C. incanus.

5 (a). C. sorediatus (Hook. & Arn.) : branches terete, verrucose with
resinous dots ; branchlets spreading, somewliat silky ; leaves elliptic-ovate,
obtuse, somewhat coriaceous, glandular-denticulate, 3-ribbed, glabrous above,
canescent beneath, silky on the veins ; clusters many-flowered, dense,
scarcely longer than the leaves (flowers blue). Hook. S^- Am.! hot. Beechey,
suppl. p. 328.

California, Douglas ! — Ovary without lobes.

12. C. divaricatus. — Add syn. Hook. Sf Am.! hot. Beechey, suppl. p.
328. — Branches terete, often pruinose ; panicles elongated and spicate-race-
mose, densely flowered. (California, Douglas ! and Snake Country, Mr.
Tolmie !) — Tlie specimens are much more complete than those of Mr.
Nuttall, and Hooker has properly amended the specific character. In some
cases the leaves are rather conspicuously serrulate.

12 (a). C. integerrimus (Hook. & Arn.) : glabrous; branches somewhat
angled, slightly resinous-viscous ; leaves 3-ribbed, rather membranaceous,
oblong-elliptical, obtuse, entire, paler beneath ; panicles elongated, many-
flowered ; flowers glomerate, white. Hook. S^- Am. I. c. p. 329.

California, Douglas! — Panicles very long and narrow. Plant entirely
glabrous, except the very youngest leaves or branches. Ovary without pro-
jecting lobes. Hook. 4* Am.

14. C. cuneatus. — Vid. Hook. S^' Arn. I. c. for remarks in confirmation of
our own suggestions respecting this and the following species. (California,
Douglas !)

17. C. rigidus. — Add syn. Hook. Sf Am.! I. c. (California, Douglas!)

19. C. papillosus. — Add syn. Hook. Sf Am. ! I. c. ; Hook. ic. pi. t. 272.

Order LEGUMINOSiE.

6. VIGNA, p. 281.

V. glabra. — Plant more or less hirsute, as also the legumes ; the latter
•often torose. — New Orleans, Dr. Riddell! Tampa Bay, Florida, Dr.
Leavenivorth !

SUPPLEMENT.— LF.r;rMTNOS;F:. C87

11. RHYNCHOSIA, p. 283-285.

1. R. C(trih(en.—Om plant is not the R. Caribica, DC (Clvcinp Caribrra,
Jacq.) wliirh is a rather larjje-flowercd species. It is R. minima ui \.\\v. same
author, -vvhicli name should be substituted, and the synonymy corrected
accordingly.

1 {a). R. Texana : minutely velvety-pubescent ; stems diffuse, mu<li
branched from tlie base ; stipules setaceous, minute ; leaflets (smjill)
rhombic-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, mueronulafe, rounded or sliulitiv
cordate at the base, pubescent and dotted wirh ininute resinous ftlands
beneath, the upper surface reticulated and nearly glabrous ; j)eduncles
axillary, mostly 1-flowered, much shorter than the petioles ; teeth of the
calyx attenuate-subulate, rather shorter than the corolla; legumes i)ubesceiii,
oblong, narrowed at the base, nearly straight.

Texas, Drummond ! — Stems decumbent, scarcely twining. Leaflets about
half an inch in length. Flowers small. The lower tfjoth of the calyx
is nearly as long as the corolla.

3. R. tomentosa 6. erccta. — Add syn. Glycine Caroliniana, Sjrrenp. sysl.
3. p. 197.

13. GALACTIA, p. 287-289.

5. G. canescens. — The peduncles towards the summit of the stem bear
linear several-seeded (canescent) legumes ; but those of the prostrate or radi-
cant peduncles are roundish and only 1-scedcd, and the flowers apparently
apetalous. The specimens from which the plant was first described were
imperfect.

8. G. [Galactella) sessilijlora. — Add to the character: Legimies linear-
oblong, about 6-seeded. — Add sj'n. Glycine stricta. Hook. Sf Arv. ! in
compav. to hot. mag. 1. p. 22. (Covington, Lousiana, ami New Orleans,
Drummond .') — This, with the preceding species, and also G. ancustifolia,
Kunth, and perhaps G. brachystachys, Benth., have a peculiar habit, and
are nearly erect plants ; they probably funn a distinct sectiou of the
genus.

9. G. marginalis (Benth.l) — Add syn. Cologania ? heterophylla. Gillies;
Hook. Sc Am. ! in hot. misc. 3. p. 181, fide sp. in herb. Arn. (Extra-tro-
pical, South America.)

10. G. {Galadopsis) Elliotlii. — Tami)a Bay, Florida, Dr. Leavenirorth !
p. Leavenworthii : silky-pubescent throughout. (East Florida, Dr. Lea-
venworth .')

15." SESBANIA, p. 293.

1. iS. macrocarpa. — Add syn. Bart. Jh N. Amcr, t. 28. — The calyx at
length separates from the base, and remains for a considerable time on the
pedicel.

16. DAUBENTONIA, p. 293.

1. D. longifolia (DC. I)— The Texan plant accords with that of Dc
CandoUe.

688 SUPPLEMENT— LEGUMINOS^.

18. ROBINIA, _2J..294. — Add to the generic character :

The petioles are dilated at the base and include the buds of the succeeding
year..

. 2. R. viscosa. — Add syn. Guimp. Otto, <^- Hayne, holz. t. 65.

3. R. hisjjida. — Add syn. Guimj). Otto, Sf Hayne. .holz. t. 60.

' 24. INDIGOFERA, p. 298.

1. I. Caroliniana. — Texas, Drummond !

2. /. leptosepala. — Texas, Drummond! — Add syn. I. tinctoria, Hook. 4*
Am.! in compan. to hot. mag, 1. ^?. 22.

25. PSORALEA, p. 299-305.

3.- P. tenuijlor a -{PnxBh !)— The specimen in Mr. Lambert's herbarium is
a very poor one, and the flowers have nearly all fallen off. It is very possi-
bly the same with P. obtusiloba, although that species is canescently hairy
(when young) and very slightly .glandular ; while Pursh's plant is gla-
brous and the glands are conspicuous.

4. P. longifolia should be stricken out : the synonym is already adduced
under Phaca longifolia, p. 346, where it properly belongs.

8. P.florihunda, and 9. P. ohtusiloha. — Notwithstanding the manifest dif-
ference in the calyx between this and the succeeding species, we have speci-
mens so nearly intermediate in this respect, that we have good reason to
doubt whether P. obtusiloba is more than a variety. The racemes of the
latter are however much fewer-flowered, and the leaflets shorter and broader.
The fruit of P. floribunda is oval, pointed, not wrinkled, but covered with
glandular dots. .The habit of P. obtusiloba is not unlike Baptisia tinctoria ;
and we suspect' it may prove to be P. tenuiflora, as remarked above.

13. P. cryptocarpa is the same with P. aisjndata of Pursh ! {Jl. suppl. 2.
27. 741), from " Upper Louisiana," now Missouri, Bradbury ! a species
which had by accident escaped our notice ; that name must therefore be
substituted.

14. P. brachiata (Dougl. !) must be united with P. esculehta. The spe-
cimen "of Lewis (in herb. Lcmib.) is just the P. brachiata, as figured by
Hooker; but is in fruit. The figure of Pursh is taken from a flowering spe-
cimen of Nuttall's in the same' herbarium (although Pursh makes no men-
tion of having seen any specimen besides that of Lewis), which is only a
different state, and scarcely to be distinguished as a variety.

23. P. rhdrnbifolia should have been placed after P. physodes.

24. _ P. Onobrychis. — Add syn. Bot. reg. t. 453. — Near Spartanburg, S.
Carolina, Mr. E. Rowland ! — Listead of the remark : ' Very nearly to the
two preceding species', read : Allied to P. melilotoides and P. eglandulosa.
— Add to the character : Stipules linear-subulate.

24 (a). P. stipulata: nearly glabrous, not glandular; stems ascending;
leaves pinnately 3-foliolate ;. leaflets ovate-elliptical, obtuse, mucronulate,
longer than the petiole ; stipules ovate ; spikes capitate, on peduncles about
the length of the leaves ; . bracts minute, caducous ; calyx much shorter than

SUPPLEMENT.— LEGUMIN0S;F:. 689

the corolla, sflandlcss ; llic lowest tiH)ih a little longest, aetitp ; the othors
efjiial, oblonir, obtuse.

Falls of the Ohio, ]\fr. Win. Jours! (corninuiiicaled hy Dr. Clapji.)
June. — Stems al)oiit 2 feet in lenu;!!), rather stout, hrancheil from the \m»c,
ditliise or aseeiulini;;; the young braneiies, j)etioles, ealyx, Are. a littb; pubes-
cent with ap|)ressed iiairs. Lower petioles about th<! leii'ith of the leaflets
(an inch or more) ; the upper ones very short. Letifleis reticulated, some-
times reiuse, entirely destitute of fjlands, as is the whole plant. Sii|)ules of
the lower leaves al)out halt the let)!:;th oi' the petioles, obtuse ; the up]iermost
as long as the petioles, acuminate. Flowers rather large, apparently jinle
blue, the keel and wings ti]>ped with violet-purple. Fruit not seen. — A
very distinct species. Tlie habit of tlie plant is somewhat like Trifolium
pratensc.

24 (bis). P. pln/so(/es (Dougl. I) — Add syu. Hook, i^ Ani.! hot. Brrrhry,
suppl. p. 333. — Our ])lant is the same with Hooker's, whicii was deserilied
from specimens in an advanced state, when the inflated calyx becomes as
long as the withered corolla.

25. P. orbicularis (Lindl. I) — Add syii. Ifook. Sf' Arn. .' I.e. — Leaflets
roundish-cuneiform, dolled. Stipules small, membranaceous.

Under the name of P. macrostachya two speeies have been confounded, as
we had sus])ectc(l. Tiiese Hooker has recently distinguished, and we there-
fore substitute the following amended characters.

26. P. macroslacliijd (DC): pubescent; stem, petioles, anrl ])edunrles
scabrous with elevated glands ; leaves piunately 3"foliolale ; leaflets laneco-
late-ovale, thickly doited on both sides, acuminate, acUle at the base; sti-
pules small, lanceolate ; spikes cylindrical, dense, very long, on peduncles 4
times the length of the leaves; the rachis, calyx and bracts very villous
Avilh mostly blackish hairs; cah'x not glandular, longer than the rhombic
acuminate-cuspidate bracts, the lower tooth nearly as long as the corolla. —
DC! prodr. 2. p. 220 ; IIool:. S^- Arti. ! hot. Bcechey, suppl. p. 332; not
of Lindl.

Nooika, Lagasca, ex Dc Candolle ! California, Dovf^las! — The spikes
are often 4 inches in lenglli, and narrow; the villous ])ubescence which is
blackish in Douglas's plant, is whitish in the specimen of De Candolle, bflt
there is no other difference.

26 {a). P. slrohilina (Hook S^- Arn.) : stem, petioles, slijjules, peduncles,
and bracts hirsute, and scabrous with fuscous siipitale glands; leaves pin-
nately 3-foliolatc ; leaflets broadly rhoud)ic-oval, nearly glabrous above,
dotted with glands, clothed with a soft pubescence beneath; petioles elonga-
ted; stipules large, broadly ovate, cuspidate-acuminate, membranaceous;
spikes oblong, large and thick, on iiedunclcs scarcely longer than tlie leaves;
bracts broadly ovate, acuminate, glandular, larger than the flowers; calyx
hirsute with mostly blackish hairs; the lower tooth as long as the corolla, tjte
others unequal. — 'Hook. S; Am.! hot. Bcecheij, suppl. p. 332, t. 80. P.
macrostachya P. ? of this work.

0. stipules and bracts much smaller. — P. macrostachya, Lindl. ! hoi. rrff.
t. 1769, not o( DC.

California! Douglas .'—Stem striated, tall. Leaflets 2-3 inches long.
Spikes thick, about 2 inches long; the bracts conspicuous, and often almost
concealing the large purple flowers. Ovary and style clothed with villous
hairs. — Very different from the original P. macrostachya, which we had not
seen when our account of the genus was published. The P. macrostachya
of Lindley we have seen in cultivation, but have no specimen. Judging

87

690 SUPPLEMENT— LEGUMlNOSiE.

from the figure, we think Hooker has correctly referred it to the present
species : it certainly is not De Candolle's plant.

26. AMORPHA, p. 304.

1. A. fruticosa. — Excl. /?. (A. glabra, Desf.) A. nana, Nutt.! in Fras.
cat. (not oi gen. pi.) &■ Bot. mag. t. 2112, is a mere variety of this species.

2. A. CaroUniana. — This is A. glabra Desf. ! (fide herb. DC), which
name must be restored, although the character is not perfectly applicable to
our specimens.

4. A. nana. — Some confusion has arisen respecting this species, which
seems to require explanation. — The plant which Mr. Lambert obtained of
Eraser as the Amorpha nana of his Catalogue, which has been in cultivation
in England ever since under that name, and which is figured in the Botani-
cal Magazine (t. 2112), is a mere variety of A. fruticosa. This is most pro-
bably the plant which Nuttall had originally in view, as it accords very well
with the wild specimens in Lambert's herbarium, and the A. nana is said in
Eraser's Catalogue to be " a very elegant dwarf shrub, with highly odorous
purple flowers, &c. ... It appears intermediate between A. fruticosa and
A. pubescens, from both which it is evidently distinct." There is besides an
"A. microphylla, Nuttall, " m Lambert's herbarium, on which Pursh has
founded his A. microphylla, and which is the A. nana of Nuttall's Genera,
of Hooker, and of this work.

26 (a). EYSENHARDTIA, H. B. S^- K.

There are leafy branches of a shrub or tree in Druinmond's Texan Collec-
tion (no. 162 of the 2d? Coll.) which appear to belong to this genus, but do
not entirely accord with the Mexican E. amorphoides. Should it prove to
belong to this genus, as is most probable, the Texan plant may be called
E. Drummondii.

27. DALEA, p. 307.

2. D. lanuginosa (Nutt.) is D. lanata, Spreng. {syst. 3. p. 327), which
name should be adopted. — Missouri, Dr. Engelmann !

28. PETALOSTEMON, p. 309.

4. P. macrostachyum. — Add syn. Dalea compacta, Spreng. syst. 3. p.
327 ? — The spikes when young are capitate or oblong merely; but when old
they are often much elongated.

5. P. villosum. — Add syn. Dalea villosa, Spreng. I. c.

29. TRIFOLIUM, p. 312-320.

3. T. crioceplialum. — Oregon, Douglas!

5. T. albopur])ureum is T. Macrcei, Hook. & Arn. ! {hot. misc. 3. p. 179, Sf
hot. Beechcy, suppl. p. 330) : the Californian specimens agree exactly with
those from Chili, as Hooker observes. — Flowers dark purple, pale at the tips.
Stipules often ovate.

5 {a). T. dichotomum (Hook. & Am.): erect, dichotomous, pilose with
spreading hairs ; leaflets narrowly obovate, denticulate ; stipules broadly

SUPPLKMENT.— LEGUMLNCSyE. 691

ovate, acuminata, half as lone; as tlie loaflets; heads broadly ovale, o hi use,
on lono: pt'dtiiiclfs; flowers sessile; ealyx densely clothed with silky hairs;
the teetii long, si'taeeous, slraif;ht, nearly c(|ual, as hmg as the curolla. —
Hook. (^' Am.! hot. Becchei/, .sujrpl. j>. .'J.'JO.

California, Douglas! — A larcer and stonier plant than the preceding; ilie
stipnles i to } of an inch in length; the heads more than an inch long. Co-
rolla apparently purple. Hook, t^- Arn. — We fear this may prove to be only
a luxuriant variety of T. Macra-i.

8. T. longipes. — Oregon, Douslas!

13. T. rt'Jle.ru7n.— K\cl. syn. T. Pennsylvanicum, IVilUL, which, from
the specimen in his herbarium, may, we think, be referr<;d to T. medium.
We do not find suflicient proof of its American origin.

20 (a). T. macrocali/x (Hook.): slightly hairy; stems ascending, slender;
leaves on slender petioles; leaflets obovate-cuneiform, retuse, serrulate; sti-
pules ovate-lanceolate; heads rather few-flowered, subglobose, on long pe-
duncles; flowers at length deflexed, pedicellate ; calvx broad, persistent, reti-
culated, very deeply bilabiate; the lower lip minute, linear-subulate; the
upper 4-cleft, nearly as long as the persistent and scarious corolla; vexillum
and wings laciniate-dentioulate at the apex; the keel very small ; legume
7-9-seeded, ciliate above. — Hunk. ! ic. pi. t. 275.

Texas, near Bexar, Berlandier I — A singular species, apparently annual,
about a span or sometimes nearly a foot high. Flowers large in projjortion,
brown when dry: vexilkmi sessile, broadly ovate; the sides deflexed, so as
nearly to cover the other petals. — A very singidar species.

22. T. variegalum. — Oregon, Dow g-/as .' — To var. /J. add syn. T. melan-
anthum. Hook. Sf Am. ! hot. Beechcy, supjjl. p. 331. — A larger plant than
the T. variegatuin, with the flowers apparently dark jjurple throughout ;
perhaps a distinct species.

23. T. fimbriatum. — This, with T. spinulosum, Doiis^l. and our T. hetero-
don (which w'ould be the most appropriate name liir the species) with its
varieties, are all forms of one s])ecies. This view is tfiken by Hooker, who
(in hot. Beccliey, suppl.) has characterized several varieties.

25 (a). T. microdon (Hook. & Arn.) : glabrous, somewhat decumbent,
branching; leaflets obcordate, sharply serrate ; stipules ovate, acuminate,
entire; involucre hemispherical, many-cleft, nervose, rather shorter than
the dense head ; the segments 3-5-clelt, spinulose-serrate ; teeih of the
calyx very short, triangular-ovate, acute, ciliate-serrulate; legume obliquely
obovate, 1-seeded. Hook. Sf Am.! hot. misc. 3. p. 180, if hot. Beechey,
suppl. p. 330, /. 79.

California, Douglas ! — Stems a foot or more in length. Also a Chilian
species.

25 {h). T. ohlusijlorum (Hook.): pubescent; stem elongateil ; leaflets
obovate-lanceolate, spinulose-denticulate; sti])ules lanceolate, deeply incised,
the teeth spinosc ; peduncles axillary, twice the length of the leaves; involu-
cre small, rather flat, reticulated, incisely spinose, one-third the length of the
rather large and loose head ; teeth of the calyx subulate-si)inose, entire, as
long as the tube, much shorter than the corolla; vexillum obi use, somewhat
toothed at the apex, ovary obliquely obovate, 1-2-seeded. Hook. ic. pi. t.
281 ; Hook. <.V -'^>''^- ^^'' Beechey, suppl. p. 331.

California, Douglas. — A foot or more high. Corolla long, pale, with a
dark spot on the keel. Wings very narrow, almost as long as the vexillum.
Flowers large in proportion to the involucre. Hook, t^ Arn.

692 SUPPLEMENT.— LEGUMINOS^.

26. T. involucratum. — We believe the specimen of Willdenow to be the
same with the T. involucratum, Benth. ! pi. Hartw., and that it is probably-
distinct from the Caiifornian plant, which must in this case bear the name
of 2\ tridentatum,, and the synonyms of Willdenow, Sprengel, &c. be
excluded.

30. T. fucatum. — Add syn. T. physopetalura, Fisch. Sf Meyer, ind. sem.
Si. Petersb. 1837. p. 18.

31. T. amplcctens. — Add syn. Hook. Sf Am.! hot. Beechey, suppl. p.
330, t. 78.

34. T. Wbrmskioldii {hehm.) : heads subglobose, involucrate ; involucres
palmately many-cleft; teeth of the calyx nearly equal, as long as the corolla;
stipules broad, fimbriate-ciliate ; leaflets obovate, ciliate-serrulate. Spreng.
•^Lehm. ind. sem. Hamb. ; Spreng. syst. 3. p. 209.

Greenland, Wormskiold. — This species would seem from the description
to belong to the section Involucrarium, yet we cannot suppose one of this
section to be a native of Greenland. We have barely seen a specimen in
Sir Wm. Hooi\er's herbarium, and considered the species as nearly allied to
T. medium and T. reflexum.

32. HOSACKIA, p. 322-327.

§ 1. EuHOSACKiA. — Add to the character : Legume several-seeded.

7. H. ochroleuca (Nutt.) is the same as H. grandiflora, Benth.!

§ 2. Drepanolobus, Nutt. accords with Syrmatium, Vogel, in Linneea,
10. p. 591, which must therefore be adopted either as a genus or subgenus. —
Add to the character : Legume mostly 1-3-seeded.

10. H. tomentosa. — Add syn. Syrmatium tomentosum, Vogel! I.e.

15. H. crassifolia (Nutt. ; not of Benth. nor of this work, p. 323) appears
to be the same with H. cytisoides.

16. H. scoparia (Nutt.) is the same as Syrmatium glabrum, Vogel! I. c.

§ 3. MicROLOTUS. — Add to the character : Legume several-seeded. Add
syn. Anisolotus, Bernh. select, sem. hort. Erfurt. 1837.

24. H. suhpinnata. — Add syn. Anisolotus anthylloides, Bernh. I. c.

25. H. Wrangeliana. — Add syn. Anisolotus Wrangeliana, Bernh. I. c.
§ 4. PsYCHOPsis. — Add to the character : Legume 4-8-seeded.

29. H. pilosa (Nutt.) is too near H. suhpinnata.

Tribe ASTRAGALEtE, p. 328.

The stamens are by mistake said to be ' monadelphous' instead of diadel-
phous.

33. ASTRAGALUS, p. 328-388.

1. A. Hypoglottis. — Add s\m. Hook. ^* Am. ! bot. Beechey, suppl. p.
334. (Interior of California) A. goniatus, Nutt. !

10. A. Mlssouriensis. — Excl. syn. Oxytroj)is argentata, Pursh. Add syn.
A. melanocarpus, Richards. aj)px. Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. 28. A. melano-
carpus, Fras. ! cat.

SUPPLEMEiNT.— LEGUMINOSiE. C93

11. A. argaphyllus (Niitt.) is A. glareosus, Dougl. I in Hook. Jl. Bar.-
Am. 1. p. 152, excluding the synonym.

15. A. tricJiocabjx (Nutl.) — This is the s.'inic with A. Mfxicanv.s Alnh.
DC. (in bine notice pi. rar. Geneve.) from Mexico (Texas?), Berlanaier
(v. sp. in herb. Hook.), which being the earliest name must be adopted.

22. A. glareosus (Dougl.! — Add syn. Hook. !^' Arn. ! hot. Beechei/, supj)l.
p. 334. A. argophyllus, i^^utt. ! in tliis work no. 11. (rxcl. syn.), where tlie
plant is more lully described. (About Snake-Fort, on Lewis River,
Mr. Tolmie!)

25. A. leptocarpus. — Also Texas, Berlandicr !

25 {a). A. did ;/mocarpus {llook. 6c Xrn.): somewhat enet, rather hairy ;
leaflets about 8 pairs, obovate-oblong, enuirgiiiate [often 2-clefi at the apex] ;
stipules small, ovate, niembranaeeous, slightly connate at the base of the
petiole; peduncles longer than the leaves; (lowers small, capitate ; teeth of
the hirsute calyx subulate, straight, as long as the tube ; legumes [very
small] coriaceous, didymous, rugose, the lobes 1-seeded. Hook. \ Am. I
hot. Beeclieij, su])2)l. p. 334, /. 81.

California, Douglas! — Stem 6-10 inches high; the root apparently
annual. Hairs of the calyx &c. mostly black. Legumes deeply divided
into 2 one-seeded lobes, strongly rugose transversely.

28. A. multicaulis (Nutt.) — This name is preoccupied by Lcdebour for a
species of Altaic Siberia. Our plant may therefore bear the name of A.
pubentissimus.

34. A. leiLcophyllus is Phaca Icucophylla, Hook. S^- Arn. ! I. c.

35. A. Purshii (Dougl. !) is Phaca moUissima, Nutt. — Douglas's speci-
mens were not in fruit.

34. OXYTROPIS, p. 336-342.

5. O. Lamhertii. — To this we think Oxyfropis argentata, Pursh ! should
be referred, judging from the specimen of Lewis in Mr. Lambert's herba-
rium. The plant is not Astragalus argentatus, Pallas! nor is it A. melan-
ocarpus, JSutt. ! in Fras. cat.

35. PHACA, p. 342-350.

4 (a). P. Hookeriana : low, canescently pubescent; stems much branch-
ed from the base, ascending ; leaflets 7-9 ])airs, oblong or linear-oblong,
slightly petiolulale, rallier rigid ; stipules lanceolate, membranaceous; spikes
short, on peduncles scarcely the length of the leaves; bracts setaceous, about
the length of the verv short jjcdicels; teeth of the calyx subulate, shorter
than the tube, and about half the length of the (ochroleucous ?) corolla;
legumes very large, inflated, obovoid, obtuse, tapering into a very short
stipe, mottled with purple.

Interior of Oregon, probably near the Rocky Mountains, Douglas! —
Stem 5-6 inches Ingh, perenniah Flowers rather small ; the bracts, calyx,
and pedicel pubescent with whitish and black hairs intermixed. Ovary
canescent. Legumes jierfectly glabrous, thin and membranaceous, obovoid
or obovoid-oblong, neariy 2 inches long, whitish and beautifully mottled
with purple. — Our specimens are nearly out of flower, but finely in fruit;
when the large mottled legumes present a very striking appearance.

5. P. Nuttallii, is P. densifolia, Smith ! in Rees, cyclop. S(c. (as we indeed

694 SUPPLEMENT.— LEGUMINOS^.

than in Hooker's figure, and not always emarginate.

^ canescens (Nutt.) ; not of Jfoo^. Sf Arn. hot. misc., a Chilian species;
e the name of Nuttall's plant may be changed to P. leucopsis.

had suspected), and of Hook. ! ic. pi. t. 282, Sf bat. Beechey, suppL p. 334
(where it is by mistake called P. densiflora) excl. syn. P. canescens, Nutt.
for which P. Nuttallii was doubtless meant). The leaflets are often nar-
rower than in Hooker's figure, and not always emarginate.

7. P.
whence the name

10. P. neglecta. — The specimen of Astragalus Canadensis in the Lin-
nasan herbarium marked ' H. U.' (Hortus Upsalensis) belongs to Phaca
neglecta ; but the specimens from Kalm are the proper A. Canadensis.

11. P. astragalina.—T\ie Californian plant which we have alluded to
under Astragalus leptocarpus, is considered by Hooker (Z. c.) as a variety of
P. astragalina, with smaller flowers and leaflets ; but it will perhaps prove
to be different when the fruit is known.

12. P. elegans (Hook. !) — P. parviflora, Nutt. does not differ from this.

14. P. Ahoriginorum (Hook.), the Astragalus Aboriginorum of Richard-
son, should have been A. ahoriginum. We had inadvertently adopted the ,
name as given by Richardson without observing the grammatical error.

20. P. podocarpa (Hook. !) — Stem flexuous, rather rigid. Petioles rigid
and somewhat persistent. Legumes when mature arcuate-curved, tumid ;
but the younger ones are quite flat as described. — A very singular species,
which connects Phaca with Homalobus, if indeed it should not be referred to
the second section of that genus ; but the mature legumes are very tumid.

• 23. P. parviflora (Nutt.) is P. elegans, Hook.

26 (a). P. macrodon (Hook. & Arn.) : erect, densely canescent-pubescent,
at length rather glabrous; stem angled ; leaflets 11-13 pairs, oblong-lanceo-
late, obtuse, apiculate, very slightly petiolulate ; stipules small, lanceolate,
acuminate, persistent ; peduncles rather shorter than the leaves ; racemes
elongated, many-flowered ; bracts subulate, membranaceous, as long as the
pedicels ; tube of the calyx oval ; the teeth filiform-subulate, flexuous, as
long as the tube, rather shorter than the corolla. — Hook. 4* Am. ! hot.
Beechey, svppl. p. 333.

California, Douglas! — A tall species. Leaves 6 inches long. Flowers
apparently yellow, at first spreading, then reflexed ; the corolla a good deal
curved upwards. Calyx with singularly long and flexuous narrow teeth.
Ovary linear, compressed, silky. Hook. S^ Am.

26 (h). P. leucophylla (Hook. & Arn. 1. c), our Astragalus leucophyllus,
p. 336, is more probably a Phaca. We have a nearly allied species, if not
the same, from Oregon, in fruit only ; with ovoid, pointed, thick and coria-
ceous legumes.

30. P. mollissima. — Add syn. Astragalus Purshii, Dougl. ! in Hook. fl.
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 152.

37. KENTROPHYTA, p. 353.

K. montana. — Interior of Oregon, Douglas ! probably in the Rocky
Mountains.

40. CHAPMANNIA, p. 354.— Add to the character :

Flowers of two kinds ; the one kind complete but sterile ; the others desti-
tute of calyx, corolla, and stamens, but fertile. Style in the fertile flowers

SUPPLEMENT— LECJUMIxNOSiE. 695

very short, incurverl. Legume l-3-j()inled ; ilie joints iniieliiscrnt, oblong,
turgid, hispid, 1-seedcd. Radicle straight.

Since our account of the genus was puhlLslicd, wo luivo neon spcciinenH with
fertile tlowi rs, and also tlic fruit. It is noticed by Mr. liontliam, in a paper on
the Affinities and Structure of Aracliis and Voandzeia, where he huH (,'iven a
detailed generic character. — Wo observed u lipecinicn of this plant in ii Kinall col.
lection made by the elder Burtram, in Georgia or Florida, now belonging to the
British Museum.

43. DESMODIUM, ;n 357-3G5.

10. D. Icevigalum (Nutt.) proves, from the examination of an original spe-
cimen, to be the same with I), rhombilblium. Our notice of D. laevigatum
should therefore be erased and the name adopted in place of D. rlionibifolium.

48. BAPTISL\, ;>. 383-387,

14. B. moUis (Michx. under Podalyria) : minutely pubescent, at length
almost glabrous (not turning blacki.'<li in drying) ; leaves on rather slender
petioles ; leaflets cuneiform-oblong or oval-lanceolate ; stipules foliaceous,
lanceolate or oblong-ovate, the lower ones often as long as the petiole; the
uppermost much smaller ; racemes short, on short peduncles (flowers yel-
low) ; pedicels as long as the calyx, but rather shorter than the ovale or
ovate-lanceolate persistent bracts, erect in flower ; upper tixjth of the calyx
obtuse or emarginate ; the others triangular-subulate ; style much shorter
than the ovary; immature legumes cylindrical, minutely pubescent, the
stipe shorter than the calyx.-^Michx. Jl. 1. p. 264 ; Nult. I gen. 1. p. 281.
B. fraxinitblia, Nutt. .' 7nss.

In Mecklenburg County, N. Carolina, Michaux. Near Salem, N. Caro-
lina, ScJnceinitz ! On the Catawba Ridge, in the same State, Nuttali ! —
We have drawn the above description from the specimens preserved in the
herbarium of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Pliilarlel[)hia, which we
have recently had the opportunity of examining. We have scarcely a doubt
that it is the Podalyria mollis of Michaux (a species which we were unable
to identify when our account of the genus was printed, not having seen this
plant), and it comes from the same region. Nuttali describes the stipules as
small and linear-lanceolate; but this is only the case with the uppermost.
The species should be placed next to B. alba and B. megacarpa, which agree
with it in habit, and in not turning blackish when dry ; from both of which it
is distinguished by its foliaceous persistent stipules and bracts, the very acute
teeth of the calyx, &c. The half-grown legumes are almost an inch long,
and only about 3 lines in diameter.

66. VACHELLIA, p. 404.

1. V. Farnesiana. — Add syn. Famesia odora, Gasparini, descr. nvov.
gen. 1839, fide Linneea, suppl. 1839.

After Vachellia, at the end of the order, the following note should be in-
troduced :

LEPTOGLOTTIS, DC. mem. Leg. p. 451.—" Flowers polygamous. Calyx
colored, 4-tootlicd, valvate in testivalion. Petals 4, strip-shaped, or none (perhapa
caducous). Stamens 8 : filaments distinct ; in the lower flowers strap-shaped, flat and
sterile ; in the upper ones filiform, crisped, antheriferous. Style filiform. Legume

696 SUPPLEMENT.—CUCURBITACEiE.

unknown. — An erect glabrous herb, armed with small uncinate prickles along the
petioles and peduncles. Stipules subulate. Leaves bipinnate ; the pinnse 5-6
pairs; the leaflets numerous, oblong, mucronate, distinctly and singularly reticu-
lated beneath with a few elevated anastomosing nerves. Peduncles axillary, an
inch and a half long, solitary. Head globose. Flowers while. — " L. Nuttallii.
— Arkansas, Nuttall, (in herb. Mercier.)" DC — The plant thus described (after
the publication of the second volume of tiie Prodromus,) is indicated either as age.
nus, or as a section of either Desmanthus or Schrankia, according as the fruit,
when known, shall warrant. The plant is wholly unknown to us, and nothing
agreeing with the description is to be found either among our specimens of Nut-
tail's Arkansas plants, nor in other coUecLions from the same region. From the
description of the leaflets, they would seem to resemble those of Schrankia unci-
nata. Our Desmanthus Jamesii is not prickly, and the leaflets not reticulated.

Order ROSACE^E.

2. PRUNUS, p. 406-408.

3. P. glandulosa. — On receivinG; the letter-press of tlie 6th part of the
Icones Plantariim,'we perceive that Hooker has described this plant under the
name o^ Amygdalus glandulosa, doubtless on account of its resemblance ta
A. microphylla, H. B. <^" A'., although tlie genus cannot be determined for
want of the fruit, and it is not improbable that both plants belong to Prunus.
Having examined an original specimen of Amygdalus micropliylla, we may
confidently state the Texan plant to be distinct from that species, although it
much resembles it.

Order LOASACEiE.

2. CEVALLIA, p. 536.

C. sinuata. — Add syn. Hook, ic.pl. t. 252. (Texas, Berlandier.) The
6th part of the Icones Plantarum, in which Hooker has figured this species,
reached us after the foregoing sheets were printed. Sir William Hooker
adopting the suggestion of Dr. Arnott, is inclined to refer the genus to Thy-
meleae; an opinion which these distinguished botanists will probably recon-
sider, since they have recently described Gronovia as a Loasaceous plant
{Supi^l. hot. Beechey, p. 426), which genus accords with Cevallia in the
1-celled ovary, with a single .suspended ovule. Hooker, like ourselves, found
the seed destitute of albumen, although both Lagasca and Nuttall have
described it otherwise.

Order CUCURBITACE^.

4 (a). DISCANTHERA.

Flowers monoecious. Sterile Fl. Calyx obsolete. Petals 5, ovate,
United at the base into a flatfish nearly rotate corolla. Stamens (probably)
2 : filaments very short, connate ; the anthers forming a flat peltate disk,
opening all round the even continuous margin ; both the superior and the in-
ferior surface (within the margin) furnished with a minute ciliate fringe.
Disk and rudiment of the ovary none. Fertile Fl. Calyx produced be-
yond the ovary into a filiform tube ; the teeth obsolete. Petals nearly as in

SUPPLEMENT— CRASSULACE;E. 697

the sterile flowers. Rudimentary stamens none. Disk none. Ovary 3-CPlIed,
with apparently about 6 erect or ascending ovules. Immature fruit ovoid
(somewhat fleshy?), gibbous, densely echinate witli weak prickles, at length
1-celled? Seeds 3-4 or G, large, flat. — A slender trailing or climbing herb,
with pedately dissected leaves, and simple tendrils. Flowers (while) very
small; the sterile in filiform often somewhat compound racemes; the fertile
ones solitary in the same axils, on short peduncles.

D. disseda.

Texas, Drummond ! — Plant nearly glabrous. Stem slender. Leaves
ternately divided ; the divisions attenuated and linear at the base, or petiolu-
late, the petiolules slightly margined; tiic terminal division 3-parIod; the
lobes irregularly toothed or sinuate ; the middle one oblong, conspicuously
mucronate; the lateral ones shorter, and often 2-3-lobed : lateral divisions
2-parted; the segments deeply U-S-lobed, and sinuate-toothed. Sterile ra-
cemes as long as tlie leaves; the flowers (scarcely 3 lines in diameter) on
short pedicels. The colunm consists of a very short flat filament (of 2
united), bearing a peltate Hat disk, which probably is composeil of 2 united
anthers, opening by a continuous even line all around the margin, with no
interruption to mark the points of connexion; neither is the antlicr in any
degree tortuous, but the disk, after the pollen is slicd, is slightly folded up-
wards: the anther is manifestly 2-celled : within the margin, both on the
upper and lower side of the disk, is a circle of minute radiating cilia", borne
apparently by the margin of a disk which is closely api)licd to the faces of
the anllicr. Peduncleof the fertile flowers scarcely as long as the half-
grown fruit. Ovary 3-celled ; the cells probably disappearing during the
growth of the fruit : style and stigmas not observed: ovules erect from near
the base of the cell; the young fruit tiiickly clothed with long, weak, and
soft smootli i)rickles. Seeds apparently large and flat, erect from near the
base of the fruit. — This plant, which we have in Drummond's Texan col-
lection, had escaped our notice until after our account of this family was
printed. Our specimens are unfortunately somewhat incomplete. The
genus belongs to the same division with Cyclanthera of Schrader (founded on
a Mexican plant), with which it accords in the remarkable structure of the
anthers, and in some other respects; it is also allied to Elateriuni. This
last genus appears to need revision, and some of the described species may
be found to agree either with Discanthera or Cyclanthera. The fruit of
Elaterium pubescens is 3-, or perhaps by suppression 2-celled, and the
seeds erect as in the present plant. Does E.? hastatum, H. B. S^' K., which
is said to have minute campanulate-rotate flowers and a 6-seeded fruit,
belong to the same genus with the plant here described ?

Elaterium trifoliatum (Linn, manliss.) is founded on a description of a plant
of Clayton's, which we did not find in his herbarium, and are unable to identify
it by the characters given, unless it should bo Sicyos angulalus. Clayton does
not describe the leaves as trifoliolate, but as 3-Iobcd.

Order CRASSULACE.^.

1. TILL^A, p. 557.

1. T. minima. — We have it also from Douglas's Californian collection.

88

698 SUPPLEMENT— SAXIFRAGACE^.

Order SAXIFRAGACE^.

3. BOYKINIA, p. 576.

2. B. occidentalis. — Since the preceding sheets were printed, we have seen
a fragment of Mr. Nuttall's Saxlfraga data, which proves to be a true Boyki-
nia, only differing from B. occidentalis (as far as the imperfect specimen af-
fords the means of comparison) in the brownish chaffy hairs which clothe the
petioles and base of the stem, but which are, we suspect, deciduous. The
flowers are in better state than those of our B. occidentalis. The turbinate-
campanulate calyx is coherent with the ovary nearly to the base of the styles,
which are not longer than the free portion of the tube ; the teeth about one-
third the length of the oblong-spatulate petals; the calyx in fruit urceolate.
The stamens do not exceed the short calyx-teeth in length.

Note. — The name of Mr. Nuttall's genus Cristatclla is changed by Endlicher
{gen. pi. p. 891) to Cyrhasium, the rebeing a prior Cristatella in Zoology; but
this is not, in the present state of the science, a sufficient reason for the change.

INDEX,

Obs. — The names of the Orders and Suborders are in full capitals : those of
Tribes, Subtrihes, <^-c. in small capitals : those of admitted Genera in Roman
letters ; of synonymous Genera, t^c. in Italic : those of Subgenera or sections of
Genera, in Roman letters spaced. Genera, dec. which are noticed or referred to,
but not described, have the mark ( t ) prefi.\ed.

Abelmoschus 237

Abutilon 230

Acacia 403

Acacia 401, 405

Acsena 429

Acanthonychia 172

Acer 246, 683

Acer 250

ACERACEiE 246, 683

Achania 229

Achlys 53

Achyranthcs 171

Aconituni 34

Acrolasia 532

Acta-a 35

Act^a 36, 37

Adenarium 176

Adenorachis 471

Adenostoma 430

Adlumia ()S

Adonis 15

Adoxa .648

^jnoplia 260

JEschynomene . . . . : 355

JEschjnomcne 293, 294

iEscuJus 250

yEthusa 617

^thusa 608

Agati 292

Agrimonia , 430

Agrostema 194

Aizoonia 566

Alchemilla 432

Algarobia 399

Alsinastrum 201

Alsine 181, 183, 674

Alsine^ 175

Althffia 229

Alyssinej: 100

Alyssoides 102

Alyssum 102

Alyssum 100, 101, 106, 110

Amelancliicr 473

Ammanuia 480

Ammi 606

Ainmi 607, 608

Ammine.e 606

Amorpha 305, 690

Ampelidece 242

Ampelopsis 245

Ampelopsis 243

AmphicarpKa 291

700

INDEX.

AMYGDALE^ 406

Amygdalus 696

AMYRIDACEiE 220

Amyris 221

ANACARDIACEiE 216, 680

Anemone 11, 658

Anemo7ie 15, 39

Anemonantliea 12

Anemones 7

Aneraonospermos 13

Angelica 620

Angelica 618, 621

Angelicej: , 619

Anisolotus . .: 692

f Anona 44

Anona 45

ANONACEiE 44

Anogra 494

Anserina 444

Antiphylla 563

Anthonema 587

Anychia 172

Anychia 171

Aphanes 432

Aphragmus 112

Apiasirum 643

Apios 282

Apios 283

Aquilegia 29, 660

Arabide^ 71

Arabidia 570

Arabidopsis 92

Arabis 79, 667

Arabis 79, 83, 93, 109

fArachls 369

Arachis 354

Aralia 646

Aralia 648

ARALIACE.E 646

Arenaria 178, 675

Arenaria 175, 176, 184

Arceuthobium 654

Archangelica 621

Archemora 631

Arcyphyllum 284

Argemone 61

Aronia 471, 473

Aruncus 417

Asimina 44

Ascyrum 166

Ascyrum 163

Astilbe 588

ASTRAGALE^ 328, 692

Astragalus 328, 692

Astragalus, 338, 340, 342, 345, 346,
349, 351, 693

Astrophia 278

Atcenia 612

Atalanta 122

Atocion 194

Atragene.. 10

Atrema 643

AURANTIACE^ 221

Aureliana 647

BALSAMINACE^ 208

f Banisteria 684

Baptisia 383, 695

Barbarea 75

Bartonia 534

Bastardia 231

Batrachium 15

Behenantlia 189

jBenthamia 649

BERBERIDACE^ 49

Berberide^ 49, 662

Berberis. 49

Berchemia 260

Bergia 678

Blondia 587

Boisduvalia 505

Botrophis 36

Botrycarpum 549

Bowlesia 601

Boykinia 576, 698

Brachylobos 72

Brasenia 55

Brassica 76

BrassicejE 99

Braj'a Ill

Braya Ill

Brissonia 295

INDEX.

701

Bryonia 540

Bupleurum 609

Bulliarda 557

Bumelia 411

Bunias 119

BYTTNEKIACE;E G82

Caboniba 54

CABOMBACEiE 54

CACTACE.E 553

Cactus 553-555

Ca;salpinia 397

Cakile 119

CAKILINKiE 119

Calandrinia 197, G7G

Calandrinia 1 98

Callirhoe 227

Calohotrya 549, 652

Calorhexia 478

Calothyrsus 251

Caltha 26

CAL YCANTHACE^ 475

Calycanthus 475

Calycocarpum ,48

Calylophis 501

Calyptridium 198

Camelina 110

Cameline^ 110

Campylosperm-e 636

C apnit e s .68

CAPPARIDACE.E 120, 669

Capsella 116

Cardamine 83

Cardamine 88, 89-93

Cardaminum 72

Cardiolepis 261

Cardiospermiim 254

CARYOPHYLLACEiE..175, 674

Caryophyllata 422

Casalea 15

Cassia 393

Gassier: 392

Castela .....680

Caucaline^ 636

Caucalis 636

Caucalium 636

Caulophyllum 52

Cavlophyllum 52

Ceanothus 264, 686

CEDRELACE^ 241

Cedrus 242

CELASTRACEyE 255, 685

Celastrus 257. 685

Centroscraa 290

Cerasus 409

Cerasus 407

Cerastium 187,675

CERATOPHYLLACE^E 55

Ceratoj)hyllum 55

Cercis 391

CERCOCARPEif. 426

Cercocarpus 427

Cereue . , 554

Cerophyllum 549

Cevallia 536, 696

ChfErophyllurn 637

ChcLTophyllum 613, 639

Chsctonychia 170

Chamsebuxus 132

Chamae fistula 394

ChamiEnerion 487

Cham5:rhoi)ej3 , 433

Chamserliodos 433

C h a m fE s e n n a 395

Chapmannia 355, 694

Chasmalobus 320

Chelidonium 62

Chdidonium 61

Cheiracthus 71, 666

Cheiranthus 90, 91, 95

Chondrosea 566

Chryseis 63, 664

CHRYSOBALANEiE 405

Chrysobalanus 406

Chrysohotrya 552

Chrysocoptis 28

Chrysonerion .487

Chrysosplenium 589

Chryza 28

Chyiismia 506

Cicuta 609

Cieca 538

702

INDEX.

Ciniicifuga , 35

Cimicifuga 37

ClMICIFUGE^ 34

Circaea 527

CiRc^E^ 527

Cissampelos 49, 663

Cissus , 243

CISTACE^ 150

Cistus 151, 152

f Citrus 222

Cladrastis , 390

Clarkia 515

Claytonia 198, 676

Clematis 7, 657

Clematis 11

Cleome , 121

Cleome 97, 98, 121, 123, 6G9

Cleome^ 120

Cleomella 120

fClifTortia , 419

fCliftonia 256

Clitoria 289

Clitoria 290

Clitorie^ 289

Closterostyles 445

tClusia : 168

Cnidiwn 615, 619

Cocculus 47

Cochlearia 109

Cochlearia 114

CoelospermjE 643

fColuria 419

Comarojjsis 426, 452

Comarum 447

COMBRETACEiE 484

Comocarpa 445

Condalia 685

Conioselinum 619

Coniuin 640

Conocarpus 484

Consolida 30

f Cojpisma 283

Coplis 28

Corallodendron , 282

Corchorus 239

Cordylophorum 488

Coreosma 549, 551

CORIANDRE^ 643

CORNACE^ 649

Cornus 649

Coronopus 114

Corydalis 68, 665

Corydalis 66-68, 665

Cotinus 216

Cotyledon 560

fCowania 419

fCrafordia 405

Crantzia 600

CRASSULACE^ 556

Cbassulj;^ 557

CratcBgus 463

Cratcegus 473

Cristaria 235

Cristatella 123, 698

Croomia . , 663

Crossostigma 490

Crotalaria 369

Crotalaria 383, 386

CRUCIFER^ 70, 666

Cryfta 203

Cryptolobus 292

Cryptopetalum 590

Cryptotoenia 613

Cucubalus 190

Cucumis 543

Cucurbita 543, 544

CUCURBITACEtE 539, 696

CUMINE^ 634

Cuphea 483

Cyamus 56

f Cyclanthera 697

Cyclospermum 607

Cylop)ogon 307, 308

Cymopterus 623

Cynapium 640

Cynocardamum 668

Cynosciadium , , 617

f Cypselea 196

Cyrbasium 698

Cyrtorhyncha 26

fCyrilla 256

Cytisus 388

INDEX.

703

Dactyloidcs 5G5

Dalea 307, GOO

Dalen 309, 311, 3:2!)

Dalibanla 449

Dalibarda 42G, 452

Dalibarde.e 448

Darlingtonia 401

Daubeiitonia 293, G87

Daucine.e G35

D a u c o p li y 1 1 u m G42

Daucus 635

Daucus G08

Decodon , 482

Decumaria 592

D c 1 p h i n a s t r u m 31

Delphinium 30, 6fi0

Dendromecon 64

Dentaria 86

Dentcria 84

Desmanthea 402

Dcsmanthus 401

Desmodium 357, 695

Deweya 641

Diamorpha 561

DlAMORPHE-E 561

Dianthus 195, 676

Didylra 66

Dielytra 66, 665

Dionaea * 147

Diphyllcia 52

jDiplandra 527

Discantliera 696

Discoi)leura 607

f Discoviura 120

Dodonaca 255

DODONEACEJE 255

Dolichos 281

Dolichos 279, 281

Draba 102, 663

Drepanolobus 324

Drepanospron 279

Drosera 145

DROSERACE^ 145

Drummondia .585, 586

Dryade^: 419

Dryas 419

Dryas

.423

Echeveria 660

E c h i II e 1 1 a 24

Ecliinocactus 554

Echinocystis 542

Edosmia (i rj

tEhrenbergia 213

tElalfTium (i'J7

ELATINACEiE 203, 678

Elatine 203, 678

Ellimia 125, 6G9

tEllioltia 25G

Elodea 1G7

Eneniion 29, 659

Enemion 6G0

Epilobine^ 48G

Epilobium 48G

Epimedlum 52

Erigenia 644

Eriogynia 417

Erodium 207, 679

Erophila 109

Ervum.... 273

Ervum 272, .351

Eryngium 603

Erysimiim 94, 667

Erysimum 75, 91, 92

Erythrina 281

Escalloxiea: 590

Eschsclioltzia 63, 664

Eschscholzia 63

Eucerasus 409

Eucharidium 516

Eucymopterus 623

EuDRYADEiE 419

Eugeum 420

12 u h e u c h e r a 577

Euhosackia 322

Euklisia 77

Eulespedeza 3G6

Eiilobus 514

Eulophus 640

Eulophus 626

Euludwigia 522

Euraentzelia 532

704

INDEX.

Eumitella 585

Eunychia 170

Eucsnothera 492

EUONYME^ 257

E uonymus 257

Eupanax 647

Euphaseoieje 278

Euphotinea 473

Eupotentilla 436

Eurhexia 477

E u r h y n c h o s i a 284

Euryptera 629

Eurytsenia 633

Eusophora 389

Euspirsea 414

Eutiarella 587

Eutrema 112, 668

Euzizia 614

fEysenhardtia 690

Fagara 214

Fagara 680

Farnesia 695

Ferula.. 618, 622, 623, 626, 627, 633

FICOIDE.^ 556

Flcerkea 210

Forsythia 593

FoTHERGILLEiE 597

Fragaria 447

Fragarie^ 435

Frankenia 168

FHANKENIACE^ 168

Franklinia 223

Fumaria 70

Fumaria 66, 67, 665

FUMARIACE^ 66, 665

Furcaria 236

Galacda 287

Galactia 365, 687

Galega 296, 297

Galege^ 292

Galvesia 215

Gaura 516

Gaura 510, 520

Gaurineje 516

Gayophytum 512

Genista 369

Geniste^ 369

GERANIACEiE 205, 678

Geranium 206, 678

Gcum 420

Gillenia 418

f Ginginsia 196

Githago 194

Glaucium 62

Gleditschia 398

Glottidium 294

Ghjcine 279, 280, 282-285, 292

Glycines. . . c 286

Glycosma 639

Glycyrrhiza 297

Godetia 502

Gordonia 223

GoRDONIEa: 220

Gossypium 230

Granadilla 538

GROSSULACEiE 554

Grossularia 545

Guiiandina 397

Guilanclina 398

fGUTTIFER^ 168

Gynandropsis 125

Gymnocladus 397

Gymnogonia 121

Gyranthus 509

Halticosia 69

HALORAGE^ 527

HAMAMELACE^ 596

HamamelEjE 596

Haraamelis 596

Hamavielis 596

f Hauya 527

Hecatonia 16

Heeler a 256

HedtsarejE 353

Hedysarum 356

Hedysaru7)i... 354, 356, 356, 358-368

fHeliamphora 664

Helianthemum 150

Hellebores 26

INDEX.

705

Helleborus G69

Hellehorus 28

Helosciadium GOG

Hepatica 14

Heraclcum G32

Heruchea 579

Hesperis 90, G67

Hesperis 72

Heteromeris 151

f Heleropteris 684

Heuchera 577

Heuchera 582

Heucherella 581

Hibiscus 235

HIPPOCASTANACEiE..249, G84

Hippocaslanum 250

Hippuris 531

Hirculus 564

Hoffmanseggia 392

Hoffm anseggiaria 393

Horkelia 434

Holochloa 580

Holosteum 183

Holostigma 508

Homalobus 350

Honckenya 17G

Hosackia 322, 691

Hoteia 589

Hudsonia 155

Hutchinsia 1 114

Hutchinsia 117

Hydatica 5G7

Hydrangea 591

Hydrangea 591

Hydrastidex 40

Hydrastis 40

Hydrastis 37, 661

Hydrocotyle 599

Hydrocotyle 600, 645

Hydrocotyleje 598

HYDROPELTIDEu^ 55

Hydropeltis 55

fHydropyxis 196

Hylas 530

Hymenoiobus 117,669

HYPERICACEiE 155,671

Hypericeje 157

HypL-ricuin 157, G72

Hypericum 157, 1C7, 223

Hypobricliia . . . , 479

Hyesopi folia 4ttl

Hex 259

ILLECEBRACEiE 169,674

Illicie.e 42

Illiciiim 42, 6G2

Impatiens 208

Iniperaloria ^ 629

Iiiiperatvria 621

Indigufera 298, C88

Involucrariuiii 317

lodanthus 72

lonidium 144

lonidium 144

Irio 52

ISATIDE* 117

Isnardia 525

Isnardia 422-525

Isopyrum 660

Isopyrum 29

Isomeria 574

Isomeris 124

Isophy Hum 672

Itea 590

Jamesia 593

JefTersonia 53

Jussi^ea 5C0

Jussitea 507, 524

JussiEiE 520

fKadsura 46

Kallstrocmia 213

Kampmnnnia 214

Kcntrophyta 353, 694

Kneiffia 496-499

Krameria 134, 671

KRAMERIE.E 133

Kuhnistcra 311

Lacathea 223

Lagenaria 543

89

706

INDEX.

f Lagerstroemia

Larhreea 184,

Laserpitium ,

Lasianthus ,

Lasiorhegma

Lathyrus

Lavauxia

L aurocerasus , ,

Leavenworthia

Lechea .9

Lechidium ,.

LEGUMINOS^. 268,

Leiolobium

Leontice

Leontice

LEPIDINEiE

Lepidium 115,

Leptarrhena ,

Leptocaulis

Leptocaulis ,

Leptocnemia

Leptoglottis

Leptotsenia

fLeptrina

Lepuropetalon

Lespedeza

Lespedezaria

Lewisia

LEWISIE^

Ligusticum

Ligusticum 608, 616, 619,

LIMNANTHACE^

Limnanthes

L i m n i a

Limonia

LINACEiE . , 203,

Linum 204.,

Liriodendron 44,

Lithophragma ,.., .

Lilhofragma • 584,

Lithophragmella ,

LOASACEiE 531,

Lobadiuni ,

Loefiingia , 174,

f Lopezia , ,

LORANTHACEiE . . ,,

479

186
.635
.223
.395
.273
.499
.411
..89
.152
.154

686
.356
. .52
..53
,114

668
,562
,608
,644
,624
,695
,629
,196
,590
,366
,368
,677
,677
,618
641
,209
,.209
,199
221
679
679
662
,583
587
585
696
219
674
527
653

Lotus. 323, 326, 327

Ludwigia 522

Ludwigia 521

Ludwigiantha 526

Lv]')inaster 315

Lupinus 371

Lutkea 417

Lychnis 194, 676

Lychnis 674

Lysimachion 488

LYTHRACE^ 479

Lytlirura 481

Lythrum 483

Macropodium 96

Macrotfiyrsus 251

Macrotys 36

Magnolia 42, 662

MAGNOLIACEiE 41, 662

Magnolieas 42

Mahonia 50

Malachodendron 223

Malope 224

tMALPIGHIACE^ 684

Malosma 219

Mains..... '. 470

Malva 225, 681

Malm 225, 229, 235

MALVACEiE 224, 681

Malvaviscus 229

Mammilaria 553

Manihot .236

fMastixia 649

Mauchartia 606

Meconella 64

Meconopsis • 61

Medicago 321

M e g a p t e r i u m 500

MELASTOMACEiE 476

Melia 241

MELIACEiE 240

Melilotus -. . . .320

Melilotus 303

Melocactus 554

Melochia 683

Melothria .540

INDEX.

707

MENISPERMACE7E 46

Menispermum 47

Menispermum 47

Mentzelia 532

Merimea 678

Merkia 17G, 674

tMESEMBRYANTHEMACEyE

556

Mespilus 464-469, 471, 473

M i c r a n t li e s 571

Micropetalon 184-187

Microlotus 325

Mimosa 399

Mimosa 400, 401, 403

MIMOSEtE 399

Mitella 585

Mitella 583

Mitellaria 586

Mitellastra..: 586

Mitellina 587

Mitellopsis 586, 587

Modiola 228

Mancltia 177

Mollugo 176

Momordica 542

Momordica 542

Montia 202

Museniuni .642

Myagrum 101, 110

Myginda., 259

fMylocarium 256

Myosurus 25

Myriophyllum 528

Myrrhis 613, 637, 639

tMYRTACEiE 476

Naiocrene ..201

Nandineje 51

Nanosilene 189

Napaa 233, 234

Nasturtium 72, 666

Nasturtium 91

Nectris .55, 210

Negundium 249

Negundo 249, 684

NELUMBIACEiE 56, 664

Nelunibium 56, 664

Nelumbo 56

N e p li r o p h y 1 1 u 111 573

Neptunia 402

Nesaca 483

Neuroloma 88

Ncuropliyllum 612

fNeurosperma 544

Noisettia 135, 670

Norta 91

Nuphar 57

Nuttallia 412

NuUaUia 226, 681

Nympha?a 57

Nymphcca 56, 58

NYMPHiEACEiE 57

OCHNACEiE 679

Ochroxy lum 214

CEnanthe , . . . . , 616

CEnanthe 630, 631

CEnolhera 491

CEmihera 513, 514

CE.nothkrejE 491

Q<^ notherium. 493

Oligomeris 669

Omalocarpus 14

Onagra 492

ONAGRACE^ 485

Onagre-E 486

Oncolobium 394

fOnosuris 527

Oplopanax 648

Opuntia 555

Orchidocarpum 45

Oreas 112

Oreophila .258

Orohus 346, 350

Orophaca 342

O r t h o d o n 187

Ortiiosperm-C 598

Osmorliiza 638

Otites 191

fOtotropis 365

OXALIDACE^ 210, 679

Oxalis 210, 679

708

INDEX.

Oxytropis 338, 693

Oxytropis 331

P achy lop his 500

Pachypodiuin 96

Padu3 410

Pseonia 41, 661

PiEONIEiE 40

Panax 647

Papaver 60

PAPAVERACE.E 60, 664

PAPILIONACE^ 269

Parnassia ., 148

PARNASSIE^ 148

Paronychia 169

PARONYCHIE^ 169

Parrya 88

Passiflora 538

PASSIFL0RACE.5: 537

Pastinaca 632

Pastinaca 622, 626, 631

Pavia 251

Pavonia 682

Pentaccena 172

P e n t a s p e r m u m 236

PepLis 480

Peraphyllum 474

Periderea 640

Peri torn a 121

Petalanthera 536

Petalostemon 309, 690

Petalostemon 308

Petrophytum 418

Peucedane-« 625

Peucedanum 625

Peucedanum 629, 631

Phaca 342, 693

Phaca 294, 351, 693

PluEostoma 515

PhaseolejE 278

Phaseolus 278

P h e 1 1 o p t e r u s 623

Phemeranthus 196

PHILADELPHE^ 594

Philadelphus 594

Phoenicaulis 89, 667

Photinea 473

Physaria 102

Physocarpos 413

Pickcringia 388

f Pickeringia 256

Pitavia 215

Pitcheria 285

Platypetalum Ill

Platyspermum 112, 668

Platystemon 65, 665

Platystigma 65

Plotlzia 171

fPleurandra 527

f Pleurostemon 527

Podalyria 383-387

PoDALYRIEa: 382

PODOPHYLLACE^ 49

Podophyllum 54

Podophyllum 53

Poinciana 397

PoMEiE 462

Polanisia 122, 669

Polycarpon 173

Polygala 126, 670

POL YGAL ACE^ 125, 670

Polytsenia 633

Poniaria 393

Porcelia 45

Porphyrion 563

Portulaca 196

PORTULACACE^ 195

Potamogeton 529, 530

PotentiUa 436

Potentilla 424, 447

f Poterium 429

Polerium 429

Preonanthus 11

Primulopsis 507

Proserpinaca 528

Prosopis 399

Prososperma 394

Prunus 406, 696

Primus 409-411

Pseudacacia 294

Pseudosophora 390

Psoralea 299, 688

INDEX.

709

Psoralea 308, 346, 369

Psychopsis 327

Ptelea 214, 680

Pterophy Hum 28

Pteryxia 624

Ptilina 479

Ptilophylluni 530

Pulsatilla 11

Purshia 428

Purshia 530

Pyrus 470

Pyrus 473

Pylhagorea 481

Pyxidanthera 590

Queria 172

Rafnia 383

RANUNCULACEiE 7, 657

Ranuncule-e 15

Ranunculus 15, 658

Raphaneje 119

Raphanus 119

Pebis 549

tReseda 125

Reseda 669

RESEDACEiE 124

Resedella 669

RHAMN ACE^ 259, 685

Rhamnus 260, 665

Rhamnus 260, 263, 267

Rhexia 476

Rhexantha 478

Rhizophora 484

RHIZOPHORACE^ 483

Rhodiula 556

Rhus 216, 680

Rhynchosia 283, 667

Rhynchosia 283

Ribes 544

Ribesia 549

Robinia 294, 668

Robinia 294

Robsonia 544

ROSACETE 405

RosK.K 457

Rubus 449

Rubus 449

Rupifraga 191

Sagoretia 263

Sagina 177

S a 1 i c a r i a 482

S a 1 p i n g i a 501

Sanguinaria 62

Sanguisorba 428

Sanguisorbka: 428

Sanicula •. . .601

Samculf„« 601

SAPLNDACE^E 253, 685

SAPlNDEi 254

Sapindus 254, 685

Saponaria 195

Sarotlira 165

Sarracenia 59

SARRACENIACE^ 58, 664

Saxifraga 563

Saxifraffa 417, 563, 698

SAXIFKAGACEtE 562, 698

SAXIFRAGEiE 562

ScANDiciSE^: 637

Scandix 637

Schizandra 46, 662

SCHIZANDRACEiE 45, 662

Schizocarya 518, 519

j Schizophragma 593

Schmalzia 219

Schrankia 400

Sedum 558

Sedum 561

Selenia 99

Sei.eme* 99

Selinum 019, 624

fSemeiandra 527

Senebiera 114

Sesbania 293, 687

Sesbania 294

Scseli 626, 642

fRomanzovia 576 Sibbaldia 433

Rosa 457 Sibbaldia 433

710

INDEX.

Sicyos 541

Sicyos 542

Sida 231, 681

Sida 228,230

Sieversia 423

Silene 189, 675

SlLKNK^ 189

Sinapis v . .99

Siphocalyx 552

Siphonomorpha 132

Siphonychia 173

Sison.. 607, 608,' 613, 614, 631, 645

Sis YMBREiK 90

Sisymbrium 91, 667

Sisymbrium 72-75, 80, 81, 85

Simn. 610

Siurn 607, 613, 630, 631

Smyrnie^ 639

Smyrnium 614, 615, 626

Solea 144

Sophora 388

Sophora 383-387

SophorejE 382

Sorbus 472

SPET^LUME.^ 677

Spergula ..174

Spergula 177, 178

Spergularia 175

Spergulastrum 184-187, 674

Spergule^ 1 73

Sphseralcea 228

f SphcErosteraa 46

Sphserostigma 508

Spira3a 413

Spireea 418

SPIRjEiE i .412

Spondylastrum 529

S p 0 n d y 1 o p h y 1 1 u m. . . ^ 529

Stanleya 97

Stanleya 76, 98

Staphylea 256

Staphylea^ ► 256

Staphylodendron 256

Stachymorpha. .• , .191

Stellaria 183, 675

Stellana 180, 182, 674

Stenosiphon 520

Stipulicida 173

f Strebarithus 606

Streptanthus 75, 666

Strephodon 187

S trophosty les ^279

Stuartia 223

Stylipus 422

Stylophorum ,...61

Stylosanlhes 354

Styphonia .220

S t y p h n o 1 o b i u m 390

Subularia 113

Sumac 217

SURIANACEyE 556

Swietenia 241

Symphocalyx 552

S y r m a t i u m 692

Ta;nidia 614

Talinum 196

Talinum 198

Taraxia 506

Tellima 583

Tcllima 584

Terminalia 485

TERNSTRffiMIACE^ 222

Tephrosia 295

Tlialictrum 37

Thalictrwii 14, 37, 662

Thapsia- 616

Thaspieje 634

Thaspium 615

Thaspium 618

Thelypodium 668

Thlaspi 113

Thlaspi 117

ThLASPIDE32 113

Thermia 387

Thermopsis 387

Thyrsanthus 283

Thysanocarpus 117

Tiarella 587

Tiarella 578, 581-583, 589

Tiedmannia 630

Tigarea 428

INDEX.

711

Tilia 239

TILIACE^ 238

Tillaea 557, 698

TiUaa 561

Tolmiea 582

Trachyphytum 533

Trautvetleria 37, 662

Trepocarpus 634

Trianosperina 540

fTrinanthema 196

Tribule^e 212

Tribulus 213

Trichomeria 513, 514

TricUsperma 133

Trifolieje 312

Trifolium 312, 690

Trifolium 284, 285, 303, 321, 354

Trigonella 327

Trixis 528

Tropidocarpum 94

TroUius 27, 659

Turnera 537

TURNERACEiE 536

Turpinia 219

Turritis 78, 666

Turritis .80, 82

Ulmaria 416

UMBELLIFER^ 598

Ungnadia 253, 684

Uraspennum . , , 638

Uvaria 44

Vacbellia 404, 695

Vancouveria 52

Velarum 91

relezia 169

Vesicaria 100, 668

V e s i c a r i a n a 1 00

Vicia 2G9

Vicia 273, 277

Viciea: 269

Vigna 281, 686

Viola 136, 670

VIOLACEiE 135, 670

Virgilia 391

Viscum 654

Viscum 655

VITACE^.. 242, 683

Vitis 242, 683

Waldsteinia 426

Warea 98

Warneria 40

Wcndlandia 47

WINTERACEuE 41

Wistaria 283

Xanthorhiza 40

Xylopleurum 493, 494

Zanthorhiza 40

ZANTHOXYLACE^ ...213, 680

Zanthoxylum 214, 680

Zauschneria 486

Zizia 614

Zizia 615

Zizyphus 260

Zornia 353

Z YGOPHYLLACEiE 212

[J. P. Wright, Printer, 18 New Street, New-York.]

^^J

Bound b.

OK 110 .T6 V.I 9«"

Torrey, John/A flora of North America: c

3 blH'