UNIVERSITY Oh
ILLINOIS LIBRARY
AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
NATURAL HIST 8URV[
FIELDIANA
Botany
FLORA OF PERU
) COLLABORATORS
ADDITIONS TO TRIBE VERNONIEAE
(COMPOSITAE): I
MICHAEL O. DILLON
Publication
FLORA OF PERU
ADDITIONS TO TRIBE VERNONIEAE
(COMPOSITAE): I
FIELDIANA
Botany
Published by Field Museum of Natural History
New Series, No. 11
FLORA OF PERU
J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE
AND COLLABORATORS
ADDITIONS TO TRIBE VERNONIEAE
(COMPOSITAE): I
MICHAEL O. DILLON
Assistant Curator
Department of Botany
Field Museum of Natural History
Accepted for publication March 31, 1982
September 24, 1982
Publication 1336
Library of Congress Catalog Card No.: 80-66384
ISSN 0015-0746
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
CONTENTS
Additions to Tribe Vernonieae (Compositae) 1
Pacourina 1
1 . Pacourina edulis 2
Stilpnopappus 2
1 . Stilpnopappus aquaticus 4
Trichospira 4
1. Trichospira verticillata 6
Acknowledgment 7
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
1. Pacourina edulis 3
2. Stilpnopappus aquaticus 5
3. Trichospira verticillata 6
Additions to the Tribe VERNONIEAE (Compositae)
Since the recent treatment of the tribe Vernonieae (Compositae) by Samuel B.
Jones (1980), three genera new to Peru have surfaced from recent collections. All
have previously been reported from adjacent countries (e.g., Brazil), and con-
tinued botanical exploration in poorly known Amazonian Peru will undoubt-
edly yield further additions.
REFERENCE
JONES, SAMUEL B. 1980. Family Compositae: Part I. Tribe Vernonieae. Field Mus. Nat.
Hist., Bot. Ser. 5:22-73.
Pacourina Aubl., Hist. PI. Guiane 2: 800. 1775. TYPE: P. edulis Aubl.
Pacourinopsis Cass., Bull. Soc. Philom. 1817: 151. 1817. LECTOTYPE: 1 P. dentata Cass.,
nom. illeg. = Pacourina edulis Aubl.
Erect, aquatic herbs; glabrous. Leaves alternate, amplexicaul or decurrent on the
petiole, the blades spinose-dentate to repand-dentate. Inflorescences of solitary capitula
in upper leaf axils or opposite the leaves. Capitula discoid, homogamous; involucres
hemispheric to depressed-globose; phyllaries multiseriate, imbricate, the margins scari-
ous, apically spinulose; receptacles flat, epaleate; florets hermaphroditic, the corollas
white to pale purple, tubular, actinomorphic, the tube slender, basally dilated , the limb
narrow, 5-lobed; anthers basally sagittate, the auricles subobtuse, the terminal append-
ages acute, the style branches linear, subulate, hirtellous. Achenes cylindrical-fusiform,
10-ribbed, glandular; pappus 2-serate, the outer bristles caducous, the inner coroniform
entire or denticulate, caducous.
This genus is monotypic and ranges from the West Indies (Dominican Re-
public) and Central America (Guatemala, Nicaragua) to tropical and subtropical
South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina).
This study was assisted by National Science Foundation Grant DEB-78-05078 (Alwyn
H. Gentry, principal investigator).
'Pfeiffer (Nom. 2: 565. 1874) designated Pacourina cirsiifolia H.B.K. (Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 4:
24. ed. fol. 1818) the type, it being the basionym of Pacourinopsis dentata Cass., and also
placed the genus in synonymy under Pacourina.
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
1. Pacourina edulis Aubl., Hist. PI. Guiane 2: 800. 1775. TYPE: French Guiana,
near Kourou, Aublet s.n. (?BM, not seen).
Pacourina cirsiifolia H. B. K., Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 4: 24. ed. fol. 1818. TYPE: Ecuador,
Guayas, "crescit in humidis prope Guayaquil Quitemsium," Humboldt & Bonpland
3839 (P, holotype, not seen, IDC Microfiche 6209. 91: I. 5).
Pacourinopsis dentata Cass., Diet. Sci. Nat. 37: 212. 1825. TYPE: based upon Pacourina
cirsiifolia H. B. K.
Pacourinopsis integrifolia Cass., Diet. Sci. Nat. 37: 212. 1825. TYPE: French Guiana, near
Cayenne, Martin (FI or P, not seen).
Pacourina edulis Aubl. var. spinosissima Britton, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 7: 132. 1893. TYPE:
Paraguay, Asuncion, Morong 224 (NY, holotype, not seen).
Erect, aquatic herbs to 2 m tall; stems unbranched, hollow, striate, 1-3 cm in diameter at
the base. Leaves broadly to narrowly oblong-elliptic, 10-20(-25) cm long, 1-5 cm wide, the
margins subentire or remotely repand-dentate, the teeth spinulose, apically attenuate,
basally narrowed into a broad, petioliform base, 2-3 cm long, asperous and glandular-
punctate above, glabrous and glandular-punctate below. Capitula solitary in the upper
leaf axils or opposite the leaves, sessile, 1-2 cm high, 1-2 cm wide; phyllaries multiseriate,
narrowly ovate to broadly ovate-oblong, 7-20 mm long, 6-8 mm wide, apically dilated,
squarrose, spinulose, glandular, the margins scarious; corollas ca. 11 mm long, the lobes
4-5 mm long, the anthers ca. 6.5 mm long, the style branches 6-7 mm long. Achenes 8-10
mm long, 1.5-2.0 mm wide; pappus 2-seriate, the outer bristles 2-3 mm long, the inner
corona ca. 0.3 mm high.
This species inhabits aquatic to semi-aquatic sites associated with rivers and
lakes. While it appears rare in Peru, it is widely distributed throughout tropical
and subtropical South America.
This taxon is readily distinguished from all other Peruvian Vernonieae by its
large capitula, with broad spinulose-tipped phyllaries, and large achenes
(greater than 2x the length of other Vernonieae).
The present collection has narrow leaves that lack the pronounced spine-
tipped teeth common to material examined from Central America and northern
South America.
MADRE DE DIGS. Tambopata: ca. 30 air km or 70-80 river km SSW of Puerto
Maldonado at effluence of Rio La Torre (Rio D'Orbigny)/Rio Tambopata (SE
bank); Tambopata Nature Reserve; tropical moist forest, ca. 260 m, Barbour4866
(F, MO).
Stilpnopappus Martius ex DC., Prodr. 5: 75. 1836. LECTOTYPE (here desig-
nated): S. trichospiroides Mart, ex DC.
Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, linear or linear-lanceolate to ovate, sessile
or petiolate, usually entire or remotely denticulate, usually glabrate above, pubescent to
tomentose below. Inflorescences spicate, racemose, corymbose, or solitary; sessile or
pedunculate. Capitula discoid, homogamous, 6-50 florets; involucres campanulate or
turpinate to subhemispheric; phyllaries multiseriate, imbricate, subherbaceous, the mar-
gins densely ciliolate, apically spinulose; receptacles flat, alveolate, epaleate; florets her-
maphroditic, the corollas actinomorphic, red to white, the tube slender, the limb narrow,
5-lobed; anthers basally sagittate, the auricles obtuse, the terminal appendages acute, the
style branches linear, subulate, hirtellous. Achenes narrowly obconical, truncate, 10-
ribbed, densely villous, glandular; pappus 2-seriate, the outer squamaform, ciliolate, the
inner of subulate bristles, usually longer, ciliolate.
A genus of some 20 species, previously known from Brazil and Venezuela,
usually occurring in cerrado or savanna habitats (500-1,200 m). The following
species is somewhat unusual through its occurrence in moist, lowland sites in
the Amazonian basin.
FIG. 1. Pacourina edulis. A,
habit; B, achene. (From Barbour
4866, F.)
4 FIELDIANA: BOTANY
1. Stilpnopappus aquaticus (Poepp. & Endl.) Dillon, comb. nov.
Xiphochaeta aquatica Poepp. & Endl., Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 3: 44, t. 250. 1843. TYPE: Brazil,
Alto Amazonas, "in ripis paludosis sylvaticis fluminis Teffe," Poeppig 2811 (W,
holotype, not seen; F, isotype).
Stilpnopappus viridis Benth. ex Baker in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6: 137. 1873. TYPE: Brazil, Para,
"ad cataractas fluv. Aripecuni," Spruce [554] (K, holotype, not seen; M, isotype, F
photo).
Annual herbs to 0.5 m tall, suberect, much-branched; stems puberulent. Leaves oblong
to lance-oblong, 3-5 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, apically rounded to obtuse, basally cuneate,
sparsely strigillose above, puberulent and punctate-glandular below, the margins entire
or remotely denticulate; petiolate, 2-4 mm long, or sessile. Inflorescences of solitary
capitula, opposite leaf axils, rarely in groups of 2-3, sessile. Capitula with ca. 30 florets,
3-4 mm high, 4-6 mm wide; involucres subhemispheric; phyllaries 3-4-seriate, the outer
subulate to lanceolate, the inner lanceolate to oblanceolate, 1-4 mm long, pulose, glandu-
lar; corollas white, 2.5-3.0 mm long, the lobes ca. 0.8 mm long, apically glandular.
Achenes obconical, 1.5-2.0 mm long; pappus irregularly 2-seriate, the outer 0.4-0.8 mm
long, the inner 1.5-2.0 mm long.
This species was previously known from Venezuela and Brazil. It is usually
found in open habitats at the margins of lowland rain-forest rivers. Stilpno-
pappus aquaticus appears related to the Brazilian species S. pratensis Mart., but
the latter species is readily distinguished by its linear-elliptic leaves with to-
mentum beneath and red corollas. Within the genus, S. aquaticus is unique in
lacking tomentum on the underside of the leaves, possessing white corollas,
and occupying moist lowland habitats.
LORETO. Maynas: lower Rio Itaya, near Iquitos, Davidson & Jones 9924 (F).
Trichospira H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. PL 4: 21. ed. fol. 1818. TYPE: T. methoides
H.B.K. = T. verticillata (L.) Blake.
Annual or perennial herbs, occasionally suffrutescent; stems erect or procumbent, often
forming mats, much-branched, usually pubescent, glandular. Leaves alternate or the
upper subopposite to opposite, sessile, often subariculate, the basal leaves petiolate, the
blades punctate-glandular, sparsely sericeous to glabrate above, densely tomentose
below, the margins of the cauline leaves crenate or dentate, the basal leaves deeply
recnate or shallowly pinnatifid. Inflorescences of solitary or paired capitula, sessile in the
axils of upper opposite to subopposite leaves. Capitula discoid, homogamous; involucres
glomerulate; phyllaries weakly 1 -seriate, membranaceous-scarious, usually viscid api-
cally, the inner ones longer, subtending the outer florets; receptacles flat; paleae mem-
branaceous, narrow, flat; corollas tubular, actinomorphic, blue to purple, the tube slen-
der, the limb narrowly campanulate, deeply 4-5-lobed, the lobes narrow, usually viscid;
anthers basally sagittate, the auricles obtuse, the terminal appendages obtuse, the style
branches linear, subulate, hirtellous. Achenes dorsally compressed or rarely triquetrous,
oblong-cuneate to narrowly oblanceolate, apically truncate, 2-3-<-4)-costate, puberulent,
glandular; pappus 2-comicuIate from the margins of the achene, sometimes with 3-5
small, intermediate comiculate squamellae.
This genus is monotypic and ranges throughout Central America and tropical
South America.
REFERENCE
ROBINSON, H., AND R. D. BRETTELL. 1973. Tribal revisions in the Asteraceae. II. The
relationship of Trichospira. Phytologia 25: 259-261.
2cm
FIG. 2. Stilpnopappus aquaticus. A, habit; B, capitulum. (From Davidson & ]ones 9924, F.)
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
2cm
B
FIG. 3. Trichospira verticillata. A, habit; B, capitulum. (From Diaz et al. 655, F.)
1. Trichospira verticillata (L.) Blake, Torreya 15: 106. 1915.
Bidens verticillata L., Sp. PI. 833. 1753. TYPE: Mexico, Veracruz, Houston s.n. (BM, not
seen).
Trichospira menthoides H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 4: 21. 1918. TYPE: Venezuela, Barines,
Rio Apure, Humboldt & Bonpland 810 (P, holotype, not seen, IDC Microfiche 6209. 91.
1.3).
Trichospira biarista Less., Linnaea 4: 343. 1829. TYPE: Brazil, Sello (B, presumably de-
stroyed, F, photo).
Trichospira pulegium Mart, ex DC., Prodr. 5: 91. 1836. TYPE: Brazil, Rio Negro, Japura,
Martins s.n. (M, not seen).
Trichospira prieurei DC., Prodr. 5: 91. 1836. TYPE: French Guiana, Rio Ouessa, Leprieur
4 (G-DC, holotype, not seen IDC Microfiche 800. 786: I. 1; G-BOIS, isotype, not seen,
fragment & photo F).
Annual or perennial herbs. Cauline leaves obovate-oblong, (l-)2-5(-6) cm long, 0.5-
2.5(-3.0) mm wide, apically obtuse to rounded, basally cuneate or dilated and sub-
amplexicaul. Capitula 4-5 mm high, 3-4 mm wide; phyllaries 2.5-3.5 mm long, 0.5-0.7
mm wide, lanceolate to oblong, apically acute to rounded, villose, glandular, reddish;
paleae oblong, ca. 3.5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, apically rounded to truncate, villous,
glandular, reddish; florets ca. 10, the corollas 1.5-2.0 mm long, blue to purple, the tube ca.
MACBRIDE: FLORA OF PERU 7
0.7 mm long, the limb ca. 1 mm long, the lobes glandular apically. Achenes 2.5-3.0(-4.0)
mm long, densely puberulous; pappus 2-comiculate, 2.0-2.5 mm long, the comiculate
squamellae 0.2-0.4 mm long.
This species is quite common, being widely distributed throughout northern
South America. Its subopposite to opposite leaves in the region of the in-
florescence, and bicomiculate pappus serve to distinguish this taxon from all
other Peruvian Vernonieae. These two characters have caused some confusion
concerning the tribal placement of this taxon; however, its position within the
Vernonieae seems appropriate (Robinson & Brettell, 1973).
LORETO. Maynas: Rio Itaya, 10 min arriba de San Juan de Muniches, margen
izquierda, Diaz et al. 655 (F, MO).
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Figures were prepared by Marlene Werner, Department of Exhibition, Field
Museum of Natural History.
1 TUMBES
2 PIURA
3 CAJAMARCA
4 AMAZONAS
5 LORETO
6 SAN MARTIN
7 LAMBAYEOUE
8 LA LIBERTAD
9 ANCASH
10 HUANUCO
1 1 LIMA
12 PASCO
13 JUNIN
14 HUANCAVELICA
15 ICA
16 AYACUCHO
17 APURIMAC
18 CUZCO
19 MADRE DE OIOS
20 AREOUIPA
21 PUNO
22 MOOUEGUA
23 TACNA
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