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FLORA OF PERU
D
H
V
U
i
BY
J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE
CURATOR, PERUVIAN BOTANY
BOTANICAL SERIES
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
VOLUME XIII, PART VC, NUMBER 1
OCTOBER 18, 1961
PUBLICATION 930
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FLORA OF PERU
BY
J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE
CURATOR, PERUVIAN BOTANY
BOTANICAL SERIES
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
VOLUME XIII, PART VC, NUMBER 1
OCTOBER 18, 1961
PUBLICATION 930
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 86-10^6
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BY CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PRESS
. /3
5d -
' FLORA OF PERU
J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE
BIGNONIACEAE [Juss.] Persoon. Bignonia or
Trumpet Vine Family
References: Bureau & K. Schumann in Mart. Fl. Bras. 8, pt. 2.
1896; Sandwith, Fl. Suriname 4, pt. 2: 1-86. 1938.
Erect or scandent, rarely herbs, ordinarily ligneous, the usually
lenticellate branches often closely glandular in vicinity of nodes, the
leaves often immersed glandular, these commonly opposite or nearly,
rarely spiralled, simple or frequently and variously compound, but
mostly conjugate or ternate. Axillary buds (outer scales) if obvious
stipuliform, small or more or less foliaceous, sometimes seriate. In-
florescence terminal or /and axillary, a raceme or thyrse, somewhat
compound or now and then 1-few-flowered. Flowers hermaphrodite,
little or rarely distinctly zygomorphic; calyx truncate, denticulate to
lobed or spathe-like, then early or tardily split; corolla in general
funnelform, tube more or less defined, lobes rarely valvate. Fertile
, stamens 4, didymous, the staminode sometimes reduced or obsolete,
the anther cells parallel or divaricate, one rarely imperfect. Disk if
present annulate, cupulate or solid. Ovary bicelled or 1-celled, the
few to usually many ovules on 2 (rarely 1) commonly axial placentae.
v Fruit if capsular with 2 valves either parallel or at right angles to the
septum, sometimes baccate and indehiscent. Seeds exalbuminous,
clearly or little compressed, thinly or stoutly alate, infrequently not
alate, sometimes marginate, and included in a pulp.
For convenience the bud scales that, developed, simulate stipules
may be so termed hereafter to avoid the accurate but clumsy name
"pseudo-stipules;" anyone wishing to emphasize the obvious may
read "bud scales."
It is fortunate that the studies of Sandwith see, especially, be-
sides Fl. Suriname, I.e., Recueil Trav. Bot. Neerl. 34: 205-232. 1937,
i.e. Meded. Bot. Mus. Rijksuniv. Utrecht, and Kew Bulletin 1932-
1959 have permitted the preparation of the following synopsis with
many problems of nomenclature and classification clarified; it is un-
fortunate that he himself declined to present an account. However,
except for my own phrasing, his published work has been copied or
at least his judgments. I am indebted also to the considerate pre-
4 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
sentation of the family as it occurs in the Mayan area by Russell J.
Seibert, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Misc. pap., no. 21: 377-434. 1940,
and for his paper on glands, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 35: 123-136.
1937. A morphological study of the various types of staminodia was
made by Josef Rohrhofer (under Wettstein), Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr.
80: 1-30. 1931, with many drawings and a bibliography; he found
the sterile stamen similar in genera considered related. Significant
studies of the pollen grains were done by Urban (Berichte Deutsch.
Gesellsch. 34. 1916), by Pichon (Bull. Soc. Bot. France 92: 1946),
by J. C. Gomes, Jr. (Rodrigu).
Stipules often foliaceous; leaflets cusped, rather opaque, strongly
nervose A. chrysoleucum.
36 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Stipules never foliaceous; leaflets acuminate, lustrous, slender-nerved.
A. floridum.
Anemopaegma chrysoleucum (HBK.) Sandw. Kew Bull. 1953:
470. 1954. Bignonia chrysoleuca HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 134. 1819.
A. paraense Bur. & Sch. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 8, pt. 2: 131. 1896, fide
Sandwith.
Branchlets in age lacquered with a yellowish-brown cortex that
ultimately cracks along the prominent ribs (Sandwith), sometimes
puberulous only at nodes; pseudostipules, if developed, may attain
2 cm., are usually much smaller, pubescent, venose, punctate to
densely scutellate-glandular; leaflets ovate or obovate- or elliptic-
oblong, or on young branchlets even lanceolate, rounded or obtuse
at base (rarely subcuneate), shortly cuspidate or subacuminate, the
lower to nearly 2 dm. long, at least half as wide, firm chartaceous to
coriaceous, in age often lustrous, somewhat bullate, puberulous or
glabrate on nerves above, punctate lepidote especially beneath, the
6 or more pairs of nerves raised above, reticulation rather open be-
neath; axillary inflorescences scarcely or little longer than stipules;
calyx campanulate, to 12 mm. long (type 6 mm. long), occasionally
split, ciliolate at truncate apex, minutely lepidote, usually glabrous;
corolla yellow or yellow and white, thick in bud, 4-8 cm. long, tube
quite glabrous without, limb to 4.5 cm. across, ciliolate and closely
lepidote within, eglandular or at least without regular series without;
disk to 2.5 mm. high, often much shorter; ovary lepidote, ovules
6-seriate; capsule valves coriaceous, lustrous, glabrous (minutely lepi-
dote), smooth, midrib very thin, scarcely raised, attenuate to tip,
8 cm. long. After Sandwith, Fl. Suriname, 35, who noted: extremely
variable in texture and size of leaflets, corolla length, the diagnostic
features being roundish stipules, short indument, 6 or more lateral
nerves (each side rib), glabrous corolla tube. A. Parkeri Sprague,
also Amazonian, has conspicuously impressed venation, the corolla
tube densely lepidote without. Type (HBK. species) from Rio Mag-
dalena. Determinations by Sandwith.
Loreto: Fortaleza near Yurimaguas, Klug 2827. Florida, Rio
Zubineta, Klug 2005. Balsapuerto, Klug 2973? (may be Petastoma
Poeppigii).
Anemopaegma floridum Mart, ex DC. Prodr. 9: 1845; 134.
Flowering branches rather stout, terete or subtetragonous, gla-
brous as the leaves and inflorescence except for minute lepidosity,
FLORA OF PERU 37
this conspicuous even on corollas under a lens; tendrils rarely per-
sisting and trifid; leaflets oblong or ovate-oblong, shortly but very
acutely acuminate or subcaudate, 5-15 cm. long, 3-6 cm. wide, rigid-
membranous or subcoriaceous, lustrous above, opaque beneath, cas-
taneous or dark in drying, usually with 5 nerves prominent on both
sides as the transverse veins; stipules small or obscure; racemes axil-
lary or from old wood, rachis scarcely more than a cm. long, 4-6-flow-
ered; peduncles, pedicels, calyces 5-7 mm. long, the last coriaceous,
cupulate, truncate; corolla 5 cm. long, campanulate-funnelform, pu-
berulent within near stamen insertion; disk shallow (2.5 mm. high),
narrowed into ovary stipe, ovules in 4 series.
Loreto: Near Iquitos, Klug 1098 (det. Sand with). Balsapuerto,
King 3 101.
7. PSEUDOPAEGMA (Bur. & Sch.) Urban
Similar to Anemopaegma and also probably with both simple and
trifid tendrils but pollen grains 5-10-sulcate (Urban) ; branches not
angled and nodal glands present, sometimes hidden by indument,
according to Sandwith, who, I.e. 610, has given a key to the six known
species and remarked: "presence, absence and quality of indument is
likely ... to prove only of varietal significance, while length of calyx
teeth is suspect as a specific character." This statement may be
found to apply also to glandular development.
Pseudopaegma insculptum Sandw. Kew Bull. 1954: 608.
1955.
Branchlets, petioles (3-5 cm. long), and petiolules puberulous;
stipules not foliaceous; leaflets ovate (not broadly), rounded or sub-
truncate at base, acute or cuspidate, about 1-1.5 dm. long, 6.5-
8.5 cm. wide, coriaceous, glabrous (unless midrib above), punctate-
lepidote especially beneath, the 7-9 primary nerves prominent be-
neath, several with veinlets intricately impressed above giving a
smooth shagreened appearance; inflorescence short, many-flowered,
densely crisped puberulous; calyx 5-6 mm. long, 9 mm. across at
apex, papillose, puberulous and glandular, minutely denticulate; co-
rolla yellow, 4.5 cm. long, tube 1.5 cm. long, apex 1.6 cm. across,
glabrous except glandular papillose at insertion of filaments, limb
2-2.5 cm. across, lobes, especially marginally, pubescent and gland-
ular; ovary ellipsoid, compressed, densely lepidote; ovules about 6-
seriate. Near P. oligoneuron Sprague & Sandw. I.e. 88. 1932, of
east-central Colombia, with broadly ovate leaflets, veinlets not im-
38 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
pressed, corolla lobes glabrous (author). Type from Rio Caqueta,
Colombia, an area with many species also found in adjacent
Peru.
Peru (probably). Colombia; Brazil.
8. CLYTOSTOMA Miers
Scandent, the leaves simple or trifoliate, or bifoliate and the ten-
dril simple; flowering or younger branchlets with conspicuous cata-
phylls toward base; gland areas none. Stipules small, usually
subulate-lanceolate. Inflorescence ordinarily small (2 to few flow-
ers), in one species abundantly floriferous and terminal. Calyx
broadly campanulate, distinctly ribbed and venose, unevenly lobed
or subulate-denticulate, the teeth from below the margins, rarely
cleft. Corolla funnelform, thin, delicate, lepidote or (and) crisped
pubescent. Anthers glabrous. Disk platter-shaped, sinuate. Ovary
obtusely tuberculate or lepidote, ovules 2-4-seriate. Capsule short,
oblong-ellipsoid, not alate, densely echinate, the valves parallel.
Seeds broadly oblong, rather corky, the somewhat thinner wings
same color but not membranous. Pollen not sulcate (Gomes, Rodri-
gue"sia20: 130,.%. 25).
Flowers few.
Flowers decussate-paniculate, 5.5-6 cm. long; calyx cleft or (and)
minutely dentate C. sciuripabalum.
Flowers 2-5-umbellate, rarely peduncle 3-flowered; calyx teeth
minute, conical C. binatum.
Flowers many in terminal panicles; calyx teeth minute, membranous
at base C. Uleanum.
Clytostoma binatum (Thunb.) Sandw. Recueil Trav. Bot.
Ne"erl. 34: 231. 1937; 37. Bignonia binata Thunb. PI. Bras. 35.
1821. B. purpurea Lodd. Hook. Bot. Mag. ser. 3, 25: pi. 5800. 1869.
C. noterophilum (DC.) Bur. & Sch. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 8, pt. 2: 153.
1896.
Quite glabrous except corolla, the short flowering branches tetrag-
onous, older nodes lenticellate; leaves simple or the upper bifoliolate,
the tendrils long, flexuose, the oblong-elliptic shortly petioled leaflets
obtuse or shortly cuspidate, rounded at base where somewhat 3-
nerved, 8-13 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide; flowers binate or ternate in
FLORA OF PERU 39
axils or terminal, the 1-3 cm. long peduncles with minute basal
bractlets; calyx tubular-campanulate, obscurely denticulate or un-
evenly lobulate, 5-8 mm. long, slightly lepidote; corolla mauve with
white eye, 5.5-6.5 cm. long, tube funnelform, 2.5 cm. long or longer,
sparsely pilosulous, sometimes puberulous at base of included sta-
mens; ovary muricate, the ovules biseriate; capsule ligneous, 7 cm.
long, 4.5 cm. broad, densely conico-setulose. Similar to C. callistegi-
oides Bur. of Brazil, the calyx teeth subfiliform, more than half as
long as the tube. Perhaps not this species, generic determination
by Standley; flowers lilac, rose and yellow (Klug). Illustrated, Bot.
Mag. pi. 5800.
San Martin: Chazuta, Klug ^138? Paraguay to Venezuela and
Guianas.
Clytostoma sciuripabalum Bur. & Sch. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 8,
pt. 2: 149. 1896.
Terete branches striate, the older subquadrate copiously lenti-
cellate; tendrils often weak and caducous; leaflets oblong or sub-
oblong, shortly and subobtusely acuminate, sparsely lepidote both
sides, herbaceous, 6-9 cm. long, about half as wide, nerves 6-8, not
at all clearly 3-nerved from base; panicles sessile, bracts caducous;
calyx cleft on one side, 8-9 mm. long, teeth 1 mm. long, coriaceous;
corolla lilac, campanulate-funnelform, minutely lepidote, 5.5-6 mm.
long, puberulent within at stamen insertion; disk scarcely 0.5 mm.
high; ovary linear-oblong, muricate, ovules 2-4-seriate; style pilos-
ulous below. Collection det. Sandwith with remark "apparently,
but fruits are needed; flowers pure lavender" (Seibert).
Loreto: Reddish sandy clay, 330 meters, Iberia, Seibert 19^9.
Brazil (Sao Paulo).
Clytostoma Uleanum Kranzl. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 374.
1915. Macfadyena violacea Rusby, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 7: 356.
1927, fide Sandwith.
Glabrous; leaves bifoliolate, the tendril (to 14 cm. long) often
fallen, the leaflets oblong-elliptic, obtuse or acute, lustrous, espe-
cially beneath, in type 10-13 cm. long, 8 cm. wide; panicles terminal,
large, purplish in drying, pedicels 5-8 mm. long; calyx membra-
nous between the minute teeth, 6-7 mm. wide and long, lightly
squamulose; corolla violet, funnelform from base, puberulent, bi-
labiate, 5.5-6 cm. long, the tube 3.5 cm. across above, the throat
oblique; longer stamens half as long as tube; disk crenulate.
40 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Seems very distinct on account of the large terminal panicles (to
4 dm. long), showy light violet or lilac flowers, large leaflets; calyx
with a purplish truncate membrane (this pubescent like corolla with-
out) between the thick shortly deltoid acuminate teeth; capsule
oblong, echinate, 1.5-2 dm. long, excluding the prickles, these 6-9
mm. long, 5-8 mm. broad at base; seeds 2-2.5 cm. long, 5-6.5 cm.
broad, pale brown, the wing on one side reduced (subevanescent;
embryo appears placed at one end), the other wing very broad, firm-
membranous with a narrow membranous whitish hyaline margin,
according to Sandwith, Kew Bull. 1954: 605. 1955, who also observes
that Sandeman's plant has much smaller calyx teeth, corollas and
conspicuously cordate leaflets; he suggests it may be at least a dis-
tinct variety.
San Martin: Juanjui, King 3818 (det. Standley, as ined. Adeno-
calymma). Huanuco: Tingo Maria, (Asplund 122^3). Ganso Azul,
Rio Pachetea, (Sandeman 3376?}. Bolivia; Brazil (Rio Acre).
9. SCOBINARIA Seibert
Scandent shrub, the subterete slender lenticellate branches am-
pliate and complanate at nodes with many interpetiolar glands.
Leaves bifoliolate, marked by terminal scar of caducous tendril.
Thyrse axillary or terminal, few-flowered. Calyx narrowly tubular-
campanulate, membranous, sub-bilabiate or lobulate-serrate. Corolla
purple, funnelform, pilose. Stamens included, cells divaricate, nar-
row. Disk annular. Ovary oblong, 4-angled. Capsule compressed,
elongate-linear, densely verrucose-tuberculate; seeds suboblong, the
broad membranous wings hyaline-margined. The capsules of other
genera which are compressed-linear are quite smooth; Adenocalymma
and Martinella have no interpetiolar glands; Arrabidaea has smooth
capsules, a short-pubescent more or less coriaceous calyx (author).
The leading characteristics are the large tubular-campanulate bilabi-
ately split calyx and the remarkable long compressed linear closely
prickly capsule (Sandwith).
Scobinaria japurensis (DC.) Sandw. Kew Bull. 440. 1959.
Tabebuia japurensis DC. Prodr. 9: 214. 1845. Arrabidaea japuren-
sis (DC.) Bur. & Sch. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 8, pt. 2: 65. 1896. A. lenti-
cellosa Bur. & Sch. I.e. 64, at least as to Peru. Adenocalymma verru-
cosum Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 323. 1929. Martinella verrucosa
Standl. Contr. Arnold Arb. 5: 138. 1933. Arrabidaea belizensis
FLORA OF PERU 41
Standl. I.e. 8: 48. 1930. A. nicotianaeflora Kranzl. Notizbl. Bot. Gart.
Berlin 6: 369. 1915.
Upper branches soon glabrous and smooth above, dark, more or
less lenticellate-tuberculate below, a few simple trichomes early pres-
ent as on the petioles, petiolules (1-3 cm. long) and leaflets, these
elliptic-oblong or subovate, shortly and obtusely or acutely acumi-
nate, or subobtuse, often 7-10 (15) cm. long, 3-5 (7) cm. wide,
sparsely lepidote, papillose, lustrous, especially above, more or less
obviously reticulate-veined, concolor and opaque beneath where bar-
bellate in the axils of the 4-5 larger nerves; racemes shorter than
leaves, axillary or terminal, few-flowered, the bracts minute; pedi-
cels (with peduncles) 10-18 mm. long (shorter in Peru); calyx in
Peru early 6-8 mm. long, in type to 1.5 cm. (DeCandolle), 2.5-3 cm.
long (Schumann), finally to 1.5 cm. across above, subevenly bilabiate
or often later cleft, coriaceous and dark at base, membranous and
paler above; corolla roseate (Schunke), dark violet, white within or
deep red-wine (Klug), 5- nearly 8 cm. long including the rounded
lobes (3 cm. long, DeCandolle), puberulent tomentulose also within
near stamen-insertion; disk solid, to 17 mm. long; ovules 24 per cell,
biseriate; capsule prickly, drying dark; seeds pale brown except the
sordid white narrow hyaline wing margin. The fruit, rough like a
wood rasp, and the seeds, agree exactly with those of S. verrucosa
(Standl.) Seibert, type of the genus from Central America (Sand-
with).
The plant resembles Phryganocydia Mart, to which Martius in
herb, referred it, but the disk is well-developed. A. lenticettosa Bur.
& Sch. seems to be material with closely tuberculate branches, smaller
leaflets, subcoriaceous calyx, 25-28 mm. long, orange (?) corolla (type
from Mato Grosso, Brazil); to it Seibert referred the Schunke collec-
tion; the species is probably variable. The extra-Peruvian synon-
ymy, after Seibert, is given in deference to the final decision of
Standley which seems to suggest that he questioned the logical but
probably unnatural classification in the family. A photo of the Vitoc
specimen in the U. S. National Herbarium has been seen, courtesy
of the staff. Illustrated, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 522: 434, pi. 5
(S. verrucosa).
Junin: Vitoc, Ruiz & Pavon, fide Schumann. Loreto: Balsa-
puerto, Klug 1143 (det. Sand with). Mouth of Rio Santiago, Tess-
mann 4347. Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 86. Madre de Dfos: Rio
Tahuamanu, Iberia, Seibert 1953 (det. Sandwith). Bolivia to Cen-
tral America; Venezuela.
42 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
10. MARTINELLA Baillon
Trichomes (if present) of branchlets, often petioles, racemes, mi-
nutely glandular; immersed nodal glands and lenticels usually none.
Leaves bifoliolate, tendril trifid, the short branches recurved but
often caducous (or tendril simple), stipules obsolete. Racemes rarely
branched toward base. Flower buds obovoid, apiculate. Calyx un-
evenly (slightly bilabiately) 2-3-lobed. Corolla more or less funnel-
form, the tube glabrous as the divaricate-celled anthers. Ovary
sparsely if at all lepidote, ovules 4-seriate (biseriate, Sampaio).
Capsule linear, attenuate both ends, compressed, the parallel valves
thickened marginally, the middle nerve obscure. Seeds oblong,
broadly membranous-alate. The Peruvian liana may be referable
to the entity of Sampaio, who distinguished two species as follows;
but the characters may not be constant.
Corolla 2.8-3 cm. long, lilac; tendrils trifid; leaflets herbaceous,
9-13 cm. long, 4-7 cm. wide; calyx glabrous M. obovata.
Corolla 4.5-5 cm. long, dark purple; tendril simple; leaflets coria-
ceous, 14-17 cm. long, 8-9 cm. wide; calyx (lens) densely scaly
and sparsely pilosulous M. iquitosensis.
Martinella iquitosensis Sampaio, Ann. Acad. Bras. Sci. 7: 122.
1935.
Branches stout, glabrous but immersed dark glandular at base of
nodes; leaves conjugate; leaflets yellowish-green, concolor, ovate-
elliptic, acute or obtusely acuminate, acute at base, glabrous, sparsely
black glandular beneath, the principal nerves usually 5; inflorescence
lax, few-flowered, 8-12 cm. long, dark glandular at nodes, the ped-
icels strongly pilosulous; calyx drying black, in bud obconic-elliptic,
becoming 3-lobulate, glabrous within, lepidote and sparsely pilose
without, 16-18 mm. long; corolla arcuate, glabrous about two-thirds
below, the lobes puberulous, 4-8 mm. long, the tube 1.5 cm. long; sta-
mens subequal, pollen trisulcate, exine reticulate; disk 1 mm. high;
ovary narrowed at both ends, glabrous; ovules biseriate, about 36.
If this is distinct from M. obovata, as seems probable on the basis
of the biseriate ovules (accurately observed?), probably all the Peru-
vian specimens, at least those from the region of Iquitos, belong to it.
Loreto: In high woods near Iquitos, (Kuhlmann 11+92, type).
Martinella obovata (HBK.) Bur. & Sch. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 8,
pt. 2: 161, pi. 84. 1896. Spathodea obovata HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3:
FLORA OF PERU 43
(115) 147. 1819. Anemopaegma leptosiphon Rusby, Mem. N. Y. Bot.
Gard. 7: 354. 1927, fide Sandwith.
Glabrous, glabrate or puberulent, often some of the minute
trichomes gland-tipped; branchlets striate; leaflets ovate- to rounded-
elliptic, or lanceolate, rounded to subcordate at base, cuspidate-
acuminate, to about 1.5 dm. long, usually more than half as wide,
firm-chartaceous, slender; lateral nerves 6 or more, rather noticeable as
the venation especially on the paler under surface; racemes lax, about
a dm. long (sometimes much longer), flexuose as often the slightly
reflexed short or elongate pedicels; calyx 12-17 mm. long, the broad
lobes 3-9 mm. long; corolla 3.5-7 cm. long, obscurely lepidote; ovary
constricted-stipiform above the pulvinate disk; capsule brown, 4-8
dm. long, about 1.5 cm. broad; seeds 10-14 mm. long, 4-6 cm. wide,
yellowish as the wings. Flowers said to be dark purple north of Peru
but Klug noted them as pale and dark violet or white; these collec-
tions, violet and yellow, determined by Standley may be distinct as
M. iquitoensis Sampaio, Ann. Acad. Bras. Sci. 7: 122. 1935.
San Martin: Chazuta, Klug ^128. Juanjui, Klug ^3^8. Loreto:
Yurimaguas, Killip & Smith 29073 (det. Seibert). Balsapuerto,
Klug 8106. Bolivia to Central America; Trinidad.
11. PITHECOCTENIUM Mart.
Scandent by trifid tendrils replacing the terminal leaflet of some
of the trifoliate leaves, the foliose branchlets strongly fibrous, the
prominent fibrous ribs effaceable. Nodal gland areas obsolete; pseu-
dostipules often obvious. Inflorescence terminal. Calyx coriaceous,
campanulate, truncate. Corolla funnelform or rather so, densely
tomentose or furfuraceous. Anthers glabrous; cells divaricate. Ovary
contracted above the conspicuous pulvinate disk, ellipsoid, softly
appressed spinulose; ovules pluriseriate. Capsule ligneous, flattened-
ellipsoid, densely echinate with a subquadrangular apical appendage,
the prickles more or less persisting; seeds oblong, the body thin, the
hyaline wings very broad. Sandwith well describes the pod; sterile
part of septum thin, flattened and with broad margins flattened at
right angles; these are formed by the seminiferous borders bent at
right angles to the septum proper, thus coming to be in the same
plane so that the entire structure resembles two shallow trays back
to back. Pollen not sulcate (Gomes, Rodrigue"sia 20: 130, fig.
25).
44 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Pithecoctenium echinatum (Jacq.) Schum. Pflanzenfam. 4,
Abt. 3b: 218. 1894; 45. Bignonia echinata Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib.
25. 1760.
Lepidote with lustrous white scales and more or less pubescent
with simple trichomes on younger branchlets, petioles and leaflets;
pseudostipules (if evident) oblong-spatulate; leaflets ovate, some-
times suborbicular, basally rounded to clearly cordate, cuspidate,
5-13.5 cm. long, 4-10 cm. wide, thin-papery (drying greenish), lateral
nerves 4 at or near base on each side of midrib, intricate reticulation
often scarcely apparent; calyx 7-10 mm. long, obscurely denticulate,
tomentulose and with gland areas on upper half; corolla white or
yellowish, frequently curved, 4-6 cm. long, tomentose with simple
trichomes, the limb to 4 cm. across, very pubescent within, the seri-
ate glands below lobes not visible; capsule 10-22 cm. long, 4.5-6.5 cm.
broad, prickles deltoid-subulate, acute, to 4 mm. long; seeds 2.5-
3 cm. long, 6-8 cm. broad, nitid, the embryo yellowish, the hyaline
wings whitish. Clambering, forming large leafy masses at forest
edge (Vargas, etc.). P. cynanchoides DC. of Argentina, much culti-
vated, has a denticulate calyx, a shortly echinate smaller capsule.
Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 8, pt. 2: pi. 86; Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 80.
pi. 2, fig. 8 (staminode) .
Cuzco: Valle de Santa Ana, 1,250 meters, Herrera 985. Conven-
tion, Soukup 898. Echarate, Goodspeed Exped. 10^66 (det. Standley).
Paraguay to Colombia and some of the West Indies. "Espiguilla."
12. DISTICTELLA Kuntze
Vegetatively resembles Pithecoctenium but the branchlets terete,
without detachable fibrous ribs. Inflorescence terminal or axillary,
often a thyrse. Corolla with a villous-tomentose ring below the in-
sertion of the stamens. Disk pulvinate or annular-cupulate. Ovary
tomentose, the ovules in 4 rows on each of the 2 distinct placentae
in each cell. Capsule smooth, oblong-ellipsoid, attenuate both ends,
not appendiculate, the valves with a distinctly raised midrib; seeds
of the related genus. Was included by Bureau and Schumann at least
more conveniently in Distictis Bur. with paniculate inflorescence.
Leaves in herbaria brown or greenish-brown.
Distictella racemosa (Bur. & Sch.) Urban, Repert. Sp. Nov.
14: 310. 1916; 42. Distictis racemosa Bur. & Sch. in Mart. Fl. Bras.
FLORA OF PERU 45
8, pt. 2: 179. 1896. B. Rusbyi Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 27: 71.
1900, fide Sandwith.
Branchlets finely striate, early densely pulverulent or pubescent,
usually glabrate and lenticellate in age; leaflets ovate- or elliptic-
oblong, obtuse or rounded at base, shortly acuminate, a dm. or two
long, about half as wide, finally coriaceous, glabrous but punctate-
lepidote, often slightly shagreened and lustrous above, dull below,
the 4-5 lateral nerves typically arcuate-ascending, the veinlet-reticu-
lation impressed on both surfaces; thyrses or racemes narrow, 1-2 dm.
long, branches 1- or 3-flowered; calyx subcampanulate, 9-14 mm.
long, minutely tomentulose, often purplish (dried) and with large
gland areas above; corolla white, campanulate-funnelform, 5-6 cm.
long, limb about 5 cm. across; style pubescent; capsule tomentulose
and with many impressed platiform glands, 12-14.5 cm. long, 4-5 cm.
broad. After Sandwith (as most descriptions), who notes (as Brit-
ton) Spruce 1721 as conspecific but leaves more oblong, broadly
rounded at base, the nerves more spreading. Collected in Bolivia
on the Rio Madre de Dios it is to be expected within Peru on the
same river. Similar, but less likely to be encountered is D. magno-
liifolia (HBK.) Sandw. Lilloa 3: 460. 1938, the veinlets elevated both
surfaces (Sandwith, Kew Bull. 1953: 477-479. 1954); if this charac-
ter does not hold, this is the older name. D. pulverulenta Sandw.
Brittonia 3: 91. 1938, found as near as Paulo Olivenca, has leaflets
pulverulent beneath.
Loreto: Rio Ucayali, Seibert 1891; 2233 (det. Seibert). Mishu-
yacu, King 707; 758 (det. Sandwith). Rio Mazan, Jost Schunke 79
(det. Killip). Bolivia to Colombia and Guiana.
13. PARAGONIA Bur.
Scandent by bifid or trifid tendrils that consistently replace the
terminal leaflet of the ternately compound leaves. Branchlets sub-
terete, obviously lenticellate as capsules but immersed nodal glands
obsolete. Stipules subulate, lanceolate, usually striate in age. Thyrse
terminal, many-flowered. Calyx campanulate, subtruncate or lobed
unevenly. Corolla funnelform, in bud velvety, in anthesis more or
less scurfy tomentose. Anthers glabrous, cells divaricate, connective
produced. Disk cupulate. Ovary lepidote, thick- walled ; ovules bi-
seriate. Capsule elongate-linear, acuminate, the parallel valves
densely tuberculate, the midrib raised, the broadly and thinly alate
seeds narrowly oblong. One of the black sheep, so to speak, in the
46 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
taxonomic setup; it appeared in litt. in at least four different groups
and was logically in any case placed by Bureau in a genus by itself,
following the redefinition of Bignonia L. Sprague observed that in
flower it may be identifiable by the velvety corolla, the large cupular
disk and the very thick walls and small chambers of the ovary. Her-
barium leaves dry unevenly gray-greenish brown or rarely darken,
usually only in part, somewhat lustrous or subopaque.
Paragonia pyramidata (L. C. Rich.) Bur. Vidensk. Meddels.
Naturh. Foren. 104. 1894. Bignonia pyramidata L. C. Rich. Act.
Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 110. 1792.
Branchlets finely striate, minutely lepidote as leaflets, those sub-
oblong to elliptic, obovate or ovate, obtuse or rounded basally,
shortly acuminate or cuspidate, often 1-1.5 dm. long, 4-8 cm. wide,
thin-coriaceous, closely reticulate both sides, often as branchlets and
calyces drying darker unevenly or grayish-brown; lateral nerves 5-7;
thyrse 1.5-2 dm. long or longer, densely puberulent and lepidote;
calyx 6-10 mm. long, coriaceous, usually (rarely obscurely) obtusely
papillate or beneath tuberculate; corolla pink or purple, 3-7 cm. long,
limb 2.5-^4 cm. across, pubescent within; capsule obtusely tubercu-
late, strongly attenuate, to about 2.5 cm. thick, 4 dm. long or longer;
seeds to 1 cm. long, 3.5 cm. broad, the wings sordid white to dark
brown. The var. tomentosa Bur. & Sch. has leaves merely lepidote
or glabrous only above. After Sandwith, who, curiously, in listing
the range does not include Peru; he notes that Urban erred in sug-
gesting that the fruit illustrated by Hooker (pi. 2772} does not be-
long here; he adds three names to Sprague's synonymy in Hooker's
Icones PI. pis. 2771, 2772. Flowers blue-pink (Mexia); all parts of
corolla within white, without purplish or wine-red, calyx red-dotted,
leaf nerves pale (Woytkowski).
Stems used for lashings (Mexia).
San Martin: Near Tarapoto, Woytkowski 35010; 35164. Zepela-
cio, King 3^09. Pongo de Cainarachi, King 2623 (det. Sandwith).
Junin: La Merced, Weberbauer; 283. Loreto: Rio Pachitea,
Killip & Smith 26825 (det. Killip). Rio Ucayali at Rio Maquia,
Seibert 1890 (det. Seibert). Mazan, Jose Schunke 31; Mexia 6^71.
Florida, Rio Zubineta, King 1996. Rio Itaya, Killip & Smith 29535.
Yurimaguas, Mexia 6077. Pongo de Manseriche, Mexia 6181; 6369
(det. Sandwith). Madre de Dios: Maldonado, Seibert 2010 (versus
var. tomentosum Bur. & Sch., Sandwith). Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia
to Mexico and the West Indies. "Huachamosa" (Mexia).
FLORA OF PERU 47
14. TANAEGIUM Sw.
Branchlets subterete, with or without nodal glands, the leaves
trifoliate or bifoliolate and terminating in a simple tendril. Stipules
not foliaceous. Calyx tubular-campanulate, truncate, sometimes
slightly lobed or split and denticulate. Corolla white or sordid yel-
low, more or less hypocrateriform, the narrow cylindric tube gradu-
ally enlarged near the apex into the limb. Stamens inserted above
the middle of the tube, the glabrous anthers usually somewhat ex-
serted from the throat, the cells divaricate to arcuate. Disk pulvi-
nate-cupulate. Ovary ovoid-oblong, lepidote; ovules pluriseriate.
Capsule ellipsoid-subcylindric, ligneous, the smooth very convex
valves sometimes with a well-defined longitudinal groove; septum
margins flattened at right angles; seeds oblong, thick, corky, the
wings as thick as the nucleus for a distance but apparently with a
membranous hyaline deciduous margin. After Sand with (as most
generic descriptions), who aptly describes the capsule as almost sau-
sage-shaped, although Ducke notes that it is fat and woody; striking
in the long corollas (Peru).
Tanaecium nocturnum (Barb. Rodr.) Bur. & Sch. in Mart.
Fl. Bras. 8, pt. 2: 185. 1896-7. Osmohydrophora nocturna Barb.
Rodr. Vellosia ed. 2, 1: 49. 1891.
Glabrous except minutely lepidote on the finely striate nitid
branchlets, leaves and the long (to 1.5 dm.) terminal thyrse of white
or dull yellow flowers; leaflets mostly about ovate, some suborbicu-
lar, rounded or slightly cordate at base, acutely cuspidate-acuminate,
to about 1.5 dm. long, a dm. or so wide, mostly much smaller, papy-
raceous, prominently 3-5-nerved at or close to the base, the very fine
intricate venation visible both sides; lower thyrse branches 3-, upper
1-flowered; calyx 13-18 mm. long (Sandwith), early truncate, finally
lobed or split, copiously lepidote and with narrow vertical gland-
areas on the lower half; corolla 8 or 10 cm. long (Sandwith), to
16 cm. (Schumann), the strongly arcuate tube glabrous, the limb
4-5 cm. across, covered within with small raised glands, stamens in-
serted above the middle, exserted from the throat, the cells falcate-
divaricate; ovary costate, the ovules 4-6-seriate, the 4-6 series of
ovules on two widely separated placentas. T. cyrtanthum (Mart.)
Bur. & Sch. of Brazil and Paraguay has few greenish-white flowers,
the corolla tube little curved, stamens included (illustrated, Miers,
Contr. Bot. 2: 88, pi. 6D). Illustrated, Vellosia, I.e. 3, pt. 2: pis. 8, 9,
48 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
flowers from old wood in contrast to those of the common T. jaroba
Sw. of the West Indies.
Peru (fide Sandwith). To Surinam.
15. MACRANTHOSIPHON (Baillon) Bureau
Pyrostegia sect. Macranthosiphon Baillon, Hist. PI. 10: 31. 1891.
Similar to Pyrostegia but calyx coriaceous, 5-costate, obtusely
dentate, and, especially, aestivation of corolla lobes evidently imbri-
cate. Baillon's disposition seems to be more useful.
Macranthosiphon longiflorus (Cav.) Sch. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 8,
pt. 2: 188. 1896. Bignonia longiflora Cav. Icones 6: 58, pi. 581. 1799.
Early more or less lepidote, including leaves both sides and
truncate calyx without, this about 6 mm. long; leaflets oblong-
lanceolate, obtuse, obtusely and shortly narrowed, not pellucid but
puncticulate-glandular, 5-10 cm. long, 1.5^4 cm. wide; stipules folia-
ceous; corolla gradually long-funnelform, glabrous, 7-9 cm. long, tube
1.5-2 cm. long, lobes 12-17 mm. long; capsule 1.5 dm. long, 10-12
mm. broad, seeds 3 cm. long, membranous wing often lacerate.
Type from Guayaquil. F.M. Neg. 18486.
Piura: Amotape Hills, Haught 122. Ecuador.
16. TYNNANTHUS Miers
Schizopsis Bur. Monogr. Bignon. 44. 1864; Adansonia 5: 369.
1865, fide author.
Scandent, the branchlets subterete, striate, interpetiolar ribs V-
shaped (Seibert), the leaves 3-2-foliolate, the latter with simple ten-
dril, the stipule (caducous) often foliaceous. Panicles, rather thyrses
(or dichasia), axillary or terminal, the small (less than 1 cm. long)
flowers distinctly bilabiate; calyx turbinate, campanulate, truncate,
denticulate, sometimes bilabiate; corolla funnelform, arcuate, tomen-
tulose. Stamens visible, anthers glabrous, ovary conical, pubescent;
capsule elongate linear with smooth valves, midrib nerves small,
hyaline, alate (known) ; seeds thus, according to Sandwith, substan-
tiating the validity of the genus. Bureau, Adansonia 8: 271-274.
1868, in accepting the generic description of Miers, Proc. Roy. Hort.
Soc. 3 : 179. 1863, adopted the name as feminine, listing examples by
Linnaeus. Sandwith, Kew Bull. 1953: 464. 1954, followed Schumann
FLORA OF PERU 49
in treating Miers' spelling Tynanthus as an orthographic error (name
derived from Greek "small") ; in courtesy this correction may be ac-
cepted but simplification in spelling rather than indication of deriva-
tion should be the desire of all; word origins are rightly destined to
become a specialized study or hobby for minds so interested.
Glabrous except inflorescence T. Weberbaueri.
Puberulent, at least upper stems, leaf-nerves.
Leaves drying light; indument of stems canescent; calyx bi-
labiate T. polyanthus.
Leaves drying dark; indument obscure, fulvous; calyx not
bilabiate T. myrianthus.
Tynnanthus myrianthus [Poeppig] Bur. & Sch. in Mart. Fl.
Bras. 8, pt. 2: 197. 1896.
Resembles T. polyanthus; indument rather obscure or fulvous;
stipules 1-1.5 cm. broad and long; leaflets somewhat ovate, often
larger, darkening; panicles ample, divaricately branched, sometimes
2 dm. long, pedicels finally 5 mm. long, calyx about 1.5 mm. long,
hypocrateriform, scarcely curved, denticulate; corolla 6 mm. long.
Flowers white (Klug 4065) or violet-striped or bright blue (Klug).
San Martin: Chazuta, Klug 4065 (det. Standley). Loreto: Yuri-
maguas, Poeppig 2388, type; Klug 2778 (det. Sandwith). Balsa-
puerto, Klug 2886. Madre de Dios: Seibert 1899. Bolivia.
Tynnanthus polyanthus (Bur.) Sandw. Kew Bull. 1953: 465.
1954. T. laxiflorus Miers, nomen nudum, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. 3:
1. 1863; 193. Schizopsis polyanthus Bur. Adansonia 5: 378. 1865.
Slender (finally quadrate) branches, especially at the complanate
nodes, as the leaves, at least on the nerves beneath, and the often
ample narrowly pyramidal panicles including the corollas more or
less grayish or slightly fulvous puberulent-tomentulose; stipules 7-8
mm. across, suborbicular; leaflets rather inequilateral, oblong-elliptic,
obtusely acuminate, mucronate, mostly about 8-10 cm. long, half
as wide, with scattered minute trichomes both sides and pellucid-
punctate, concolor, the 6 larger nerves and transverse veins prom-
inent; bracts, bractlets persisting; calyx clearly bilabiate, 2.5 mm.
long; corolla 6.5-7 mm. long, puberulent also within except at stamen
insertion, the stamens basally pilosulous; disk none; ovary sub-
tomentose, ovules 4-seriate, 24-28 (Schumann). Schumann in def-
erence to his collaborator accepted Miers' ined. name (also another),
50 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
realizing the action unjust. Dr. Sand with admirably commented, I.e.
Flowers yellow or red-yellow (Klug). F.M. Negs. 22126; 26214
(both Spruce 4895).
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 1+895, type. Juanjui, Klug
+ Huanuco: Tingo Maria, Allard 21811 (det. L. B. Smith).
Tynnanthus Weberbaueri Sprague, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 176. 1908.
Glabrous except puberulent inflorescence including calyx and
corolla without, the branchlets densely lenticellate; leaflets elliptic-
oblong (terminal obovate), rounded to acute or cuneate at base,
obtuse or shortly and acutely acuminate, 8-12 cm. long, 4.5-6 cm.
wide, subcoriaceous, densely reticulate both sides, the 5-7 lateral
nerves arcuate-ascending; panicles axillary in branchlet tip, shorter
than leaves (drying dark) ; pedicels to 4 mm. long; calyx campanulate,
obliquely truncate (posterior teeth obvious); filaments pubescent
at base, staminode glabrous; corolla pale yellow, to 6.5 mm. long,
glabrous within except simply pilose at stamen insertion and ante-
riorly with capitate trichomes from there to lobes; disk obsolete;
ovary ovoid, tomentulose, style glabrous, ovules 4-seriate, about 20
per cell. In Peru differs from T. myrianthus in its glabrous not at
all cordate leaves; from T. Goudotianus in the glabrous staminode
and pilose (anteriorly) corolla tube (author).
Junin: La Merced, Weberbauer 1896, type; 283.
17. MUSSATIA Bureau
Scandent, the tendrils simple and the acutely quadrate branchlets
with thick ribs, these separating, gland areas lacking. Leaves bi-
foliolate; stipules foliaceous (always?). Flowers usually crowded,
many in a terminal thyrse, the very short calyx unevenly lobed or
split, the funnelform corolla clearly bilabiate, with yellowish, brown,
red or blue marks or stripes (purple-lined within dried), thin, only
glandular and lepidote without and at stamen insertion toward
base; anthers glabrous, short arcuate cells finally subdivaricate.
Disk fleshy, shallow, undulate-crenulate. Ovary broadly oblong,
grooved, lepidote, the 4-6-seriate ovules on 2 distinct placentae;
capsule thick-oblong, ligneous, the parallel valves compressed, gla-
brous or scaly, rugulose to rugose-warty (not tuberculate or echinate) ;
seeds 2.5-3.5 cm. long, 6-8.5 cm. broad, glabrous, brown, except
the narrow pale hyaline membranous margin of the wings (Sand-
with, Kew Bull. 1953: 464. 1954). Pollen grains have the same
FLORA OF PERU 51
form as those of Tynnanthus but the exine is uniformly reticulate
(Pichon, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 92: 229. 1945) instead of smooth
(Urban) as in the other genus, and the grains are trisulcate, which
character together with distinctly bilabiate corolla, short disk, curved
anther cells favors alliance with Tynnanthus to which Schumann,
Standley and Sprague at different times referred specimens, but
branchlets, pseudostipules, lack of indument within, peculiarly col-
ored lepidote corolla (except on limb), and shorter calyx make actual
identification with Miers' group inadvisable (Sandwith). In many
families, may I venture to remark, the four characters mentioned
first would be considered as more indicative of natural generic char-
acterization than the latter.
Mussatia hyacinthina (Standley) Sandw. Recueil Trav. Bot.
Ne"erl. 34: 218. 1937. Tynnanthus hyacinthinus Standley, Carnegie
Inst. Wash. Publ. 461: 87. 1935.
Stipules (i.e. bud scales) ovate, about 1.5 cm. long, 1 cm. wide;
leaflets ovate-oblong to elliptic, rounded or truncate at base, acute
or shortly acuminate, mostly 1-1.5 dm. long, about half as wide,
papyraceous, many suboviform glands beneath, the nerve axils bar-
bellate; calyx broadly campanulate, spreading, truncate or obscurely
lobulate, glandular-lepidote to sparsely pubescent, 1.5-2.2 mm. long;
corolla 1.5-2 cm. long, stipitately glandular-lepidote, the tube ab-
ruptly expanded at base; capsule (immature?) 17.5 cm. long, 5.5 cm.
broad, broadly attenuate-acuminate, thin valves lustrous, smooth
but obviously undulate-rugulose (Sandwith from Philipson 21 -40,
probably this species). Well-developed corollas scarcely to 2 cm.
long, often much shorter, longer stamens less than 1.5 cm. long,
anther cells hardly 1.5 mm. long; the Peruvian record is by Pav6n
without data in Herb. Dunant, Paris, according to Sandwith, who,
I.e. 217, observes that the species may prove to be a small-flowered
variant of M . Prieurei (DC.) Bur. of Suriname and British Guiana,
corollas 3.5-5 cm. long, but leaflets tend to be more ovate, thyrse
laxer. However, there may be a difference in capsules at least
as to size (see Sandwith, I.e.), that of the eastern ranging plant
apparently being much larger, roughly and conspicuously rugose-
warty (Krukoff 5080, Rio Jurua Basin, Brazil, M . Prieurei?, Sand-
with). The Philipson collection was from Sierra de La Macarena,
Colombia, directly north of Loreto, Peru. Illustrated, Oesterr. Bot.
Zeitschrift. 80. pi. 2, figs. 11>, 15 (flower).
Peru (cf. note above). Bolivia to Central America, Venezuela.
52 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
18. AMPHILOPHIUM HBK.
Scandent shrubs, the leaves trifoliolate, or bifoliolate and with a
simple tendril, the branchlets strongly 6-costate, the ribs finally
separating. Calyx limb somewhat doubled, the outer slightly 3-5-
lobed, the inner appressed bilabiate. Corolla subcoriaceous, the tube
short, the large throat ventricose, the limb bilabiate. Staminode
rudimentary. Anther cells divaricate. Ovary tomentose or glabrous.
Capsule ovate or oblong, more or less ligneous, smooth or rugose-
tuberculate, the seeds seriately imbricate, membranous-alate.
Handsome plant, the limb of the corolla more or less curled ; species
not understood or tenuous.
Leaflets pubescent at least beneath, often concolor; sub-basal nerves
usually 5-7, widely arcuate.
Inner calyx lobules (epicalyx) enlarged, reflexing as a collar; leaves
pilose-hirsute; ovary glabrous A. Aschersonii.
Inner calyx appendages various, less enlarged; ovary hirsute-
tomentose.
Leaflets scabrous (sometimes also subhirsutulous) above, tri-
chomes minute or few, often branched; calyces tomentose
or little hirsute A. macrophyllum.
Leaflets pilose-hirsute, trichomes mostly long, simple; calyx
densely hirsute A. Jelskii.
Leaflets glabrate or glabrous (types), lepidote, cinereous or greenish
beneath; nerves often many and more crowded toward base,
ascending A. Mutisii, A. paniculatum.
Amphilophium Aschersonii Ule in Urb. & Graebn. Festschr.
Aschers. 549. 1904.
Conspicuously hirsute-pilose, especially the flowering branches
and leaves beneath, the latter at maturity bullate and sparsely
hirsute above, a dm. or so long, 8-10 cm. wide, shortly acutely cus-
pidate, cordate, subcoriaceous, the 5-7 principal nerves connected
by many transverse and reticulate veins; stipules foliaceous or ob-
scure or caducous; panicles often 3-4 dm. long, the peduncles and
pedicels about 1 cm. long or longer; calyx 3-lobed, 12-15 mm. long,
the undulate bullate appendages finally recurved like a collar; corolla
glabrous, viscid, about 3 cm. long, tube 16 mm. long, limb 9 mm.
long; ovary glabrous, style tomentulose, stigma lobes oblong, 4 mm.
wide; capsule 10-12 cm. long, 3-4 cm. broad, strongly rugose.
The pubescence, the large cordate leaflets and the extraordinary
FLORA OF PERU 53
calyx appendages are the notable characters; the corollas, as in all
species, are closed at tip and cleistogamous (Ule). Named, of course,
to honor the highly revered co-author of a flora of Europe. F.M.
Neg. 18445.
Loreto: Fortaleza near Yurimaguas, Klug 2818 (det. Sand with).
Iquitos, (Ule 6813, type). Mishuyacu, Klug 767; 1280 (both det.
Killip, A. macrophyllum).
Amphilophium Jelskii Zahlbr. Ann. Naturh. Hofm. Wien 7:
9. 1892.
Branches, leaves above, peduncles, pedicels (both to about 1 cm-
long) densely more or less softly hirsute; leaflets cordate, acuminate*
to 13 cm. long, 6-10 cm. wide, basally 5-nerved, lateral nerves 4,
veins lineate, coriaceous, densely stellate-floccose beneath, nerves
ochraceous hirsute; panicles ample; calyx hirsute, 7-8 mm. long,
8-10 mm. across, the lobes rounded, undulate, the 2 inner lobes
broadly rounded, forming a short cylinder little exceeding the calyx
limb; corolla red, glabrous or sparsely hirsute, about 2.5 cm. long,
the tube cylindric, the broader posterior lobe of limb minutely cleft,
anterior acutely 3-lobed; ovary densely hirsute, style less so, stigma
lobes broadly triangular, subcordate at base; capsule oblong-elliptic,
sulcate, acuminate, tuberculate and densely hirsute, 1 cm. long, 3 cm.
broad; seeds hirsutulous, amply alate. After author, who regarded
indument and short lobes of limb as notable. This is one of the
four types in the National Herbarium at Washington which I have
seen, thanks to the courtesy of Lyman B. Smith and associates; and
much other material has been sent me, selected by C. V. Morton.
F.M. Neg. 32843.
Cajamarca: Tambillo, Jelski 9b, type.
Amphilophium macrophyllum HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3:
150. 1819.
Younger branches sulcate-angled ; leaflets 2, rounded-ovate, cor-
date, acuminate, longer (medial) nerves 5, reticulate-veined, mem-
branous, lustrous both sides, above hirtellous, softly so beneath
(stellate-tomentose), and the nerves and veins prominent, 1.5 dm.
long or longer, 1 dm. wide; panicles fuscous-tomentose, axillary and
terminal; flowers pedicellate, 3.5 cm. long or longer, the pedicels
and calyces tomentose, the latter 10-12 mm. long, bi- (-4) lobed,
appendages crisped-undulate, 4-5 mm. long, lepidote; corolla gla-
brous, at least 3 cm. long, reddish, tube to 7 mm. long, limb bilabi-
54 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
ate, inner lobe trifid, upper bidentate (after authors). Leaves above
scabrous, often also with some scattered trichomes, floccose tomen-
tose beneath. A. pannosum Bur. & Sch. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 8, pt. 2:
209. 1896, from Guayaquil, Pavon, type, "leaves manifestly bullate"
(entire description), is, according to authors themselves, probably the
same. F.M. Neg. 26184 (A. pannosum).
Junin: Near La Merced, Killip & Smith 23882 (det. Killip).
Cuzco: Santa Ana, Cook & Gilbert 1557; 1558; 1565. Turbaco,
Colombia; Ecuador. "Tsarqui sacjta," "espejilla" (both Cook &
Gilbert).
Amphilophium Mutisii HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 116, pi.
219. 1819.
Branches early lepidote-tomentulous; tendrils slender, usually
caducous; leaflets ovate, rounded or acute at base, acutely acumi-
nate, 6-10 cm. long, 4-8 cm. wide, lustrous above, opaque and paler
beneath, lepidote both sides, veins and nerves puberulent, basal
nerves 4-6, impressed above; panicles terminal, strict, 1-1.5 dm.
long, lepidote and puberulent including flowers; bracts 4 or 5 mm.
long; pedicels 3 mm. long; calyx 11 mm. long, acutely 3-lobed, mar-
gin scarcely labiate, the appendages about 3 mm. long; corolla 3 cm.
long, deeply bilabiate, sparsely lepidote, puberulent within near base;
disk pulvinate, pilose as style; ovary subtomentose, sulcate. Scarcely
differs from A. paniculatum (Schumann, from whom description is
taken), a suggestion worthy of investigation; possibly it represents
A. paniculatum as to Peru, the latter, distinguished by Schumann in
his key as 5-nerved, cinereous or subferrugineous beneath.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4420 (det. Schumann); det. Bureau,
A. paniculatum. Colombia.
Amphilophium paniculatum (L.) HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3:
149. 1819. Bignonia paniculata L. Sp. PI. 869. 1753.
Vigorous, densely and minutely glandular lepidote laxly branched
liana, the branchlets early brownish-puberulent (ribs ciliate) as at
least the nerves of the broadly rounded or cordate-ovate acuminate
leaflets (both sides), these to a dm. long, often smaller; panicles ter-
minal or reduced, axillary; calyx shortly campanulate or nearly glo-
bose, to 13 mm. long, with a spreading undulate or crisped limb,
lobulate within; corolla purple (whitish-blue or fading white), gla-
brous or limb and lobes pulverulent, about 3-4 cm. long; capsule
usually about 1 dm. long or longer, at least 3 cm. broad. The vari-
FLORA OF PERU 55
ety molle (Schlecht. & Cham.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 18: 1114.
1938 (type, Vera Cruz, Mexico) is marked by more or less developed
stellate indument, the variations in indument sometimes occurring on
the same plant (Standley) ; but at least some West Indies specimens
(Linnaeus' type from the Caribbean, Plumier)
