y OF
ILLINOIS LIBRARY
AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
BIOLOGY
06 1996
BOTANICAL SERIES
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
FOUNDED BY MARSHALL FIELD, 1893
VOLUME XIII
FLORA OF PERU
PART VI
BY
J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE
ASSISTANT CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
B. E. DAHLGREN
CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
EDITOR
PUBLICATION 364
S NATURAL
HISTORY
CHICAGO, U.S.A
SEPTEMBER 18, 1W
TV,p nerson charging this material is re-
Ip h ons P iblefor its rlt/rn to the Hbragrfrom
which it was withdrawn on or before the
Latest Date stamped below.
the University.
L161 0-1096
BOTANICAL SERIES
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
FOUNDED BY MARSHALL FIELD, 1893
VOLUME XIII
FLORA OF PERU
PART VI THE uBRARY OF THE
OCTS-1936
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
BY
J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE
ASSISTANT CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
B. E. DAHLGREN
CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
EDITOR
PUBLICATION 364
CHICAGO, U.S.A.
SEPTEMBER 18, 1936
PRINTKD IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS
FLORA OF PERU
J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE
RUBIACEAE. Coffee Family
By Paul C. Standley
Trees, shrubs, or herbs with stipules; leaves opposite or verticillate,
entire or rarely pinnatifid; flowers small or large and showy, perfect
or rarely unisexual, usually regular; calyx tube adnate to the ovary
(hypanthium), the limb of the calyx usually dentate or lobate, one
or more of the lobes occasionally enlarged and foliaceous; corolla
gamopetalous, variable in form; stamens as many as the corolla
lobes, inserted commonly in the tube or throat of the corolla, the
anthers 2-celled; ovary 1-10-celled, inferior; fruit 1-10-celled, usually
baccate, drupaceous, or capsular; seeds 1 to many, small or large,
often winged.
The family is represented generously in most tropical regions,
and it is one of the largest of the Peruvian flora. Most of the Peru-
vian plants of the family are confined to the eastern slopes of the
Andes. Those occurring in the temperate regions belong chiefly to
the genera Galium, Relbunium, and Arcytophyllum.
Key to the Tribes
Ovary with 3 or more ovules in each cell.
Fruit dry.
Flowers in very dense, globose heads. Plants armed with
hooked spines, more or less scandent, woody . . I. Naudeeae.
Flowers not in dense globose heads.
Seeds winged, vertically imbricate II. Cinchoneae.
Seeds not winged or, if winged, horizontal.
Corolla lobes imbricate or contorted, never valvate.
IV. Rondeletieae.
Corolla lobes valvate.
Seeds horizontal; stipules entire or bifid; trees or large
shrubs III. Condamineae.
Seeds peltately attached; stipules often fimbriate; plants
commonly herbs or low shrubs V. Hedyotideae.
3
4 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Fruit fleshy.
Corolla lobes valvate in bud VI. Mussaendeae.
Corolla lobes imbricate or contorted in bud.
Seeds many, minute, pitted or rarely tuberculate.
VII. Hamelieae.
Seeds usually few and large, the testa smooth or fibrous.
VIII. Gardenieae.
Ovules 1 or 2 in each cell of the ovary.
Ovules 2 in each cell of the ovary. Fruit drupaceous, 5-7-celled.
IX. Retiniphylleae.
Ovules 1 in each cell.
Ovules pendulous.
Stamens inserted in the throat of the corolla tube.
X. Guettardeae.
Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla tube.
XL Chiococceae.
Ovules erect or ascending.
Corolla lobes contorted XII. Ixoreae.
Corolla lobes valvate.
Ovules affixed to the base of the ovary.
Ovary 1-celled, or 2-celled but with a very thin septum.
XIII. Coussareae.
Ovary with two or more cells, the septum thick.
Flowers commonly dioecious; stamens usually inserted
at the base of the corolla; plants chiefly herbaceous
and prostrate XVI. Anthospermeae.
Flowers perfect; stamens inserted usually in the throat
of the corolla; plants usually trees or shrubs,
sometimes scandent.
Fruit drupaceous; plants not scandent.
XIV. ' Psychotrieae.
Fruit dry, dehiscent; plants scandent.
XV. Paederieae.
Ovules affixed to the septum. Stipules fimbriate or leaf-like;
plants herbaceous or chiefly so.
Stipules fimbriate, not leaf -like XVII. Spermacoceae.
Stipules resembling the leaves and forming whorls with them.
XVIII. Galieae,
FLORA OF PERU 5
I. NAUCLEEAE
A single genus in Peru 1. Uncaria.
II. CINCHONEAE
Corolla lobes valvate.
Placenta pendulous from the apex of the cell; flowers in elongate
spikes, the corolla small 2. Alseis.
Placenta ascending or erect, or adnate to the middle of the septum;
flowers not spicate.
Placenta ascending or erect from the base of the septum ; plants
scandent, chiefly or wholly herbaceous 3. Manettia.
Placenta adnate to the middle of the septum; plants not
scandent.
Leaves varnished, with a metallic appearance.
4. Stilpnophyllum.
Leaves not varnished, not with metallic appearance.
Flowers solitary. A low shrub; corolla with a very long
and narrow tube 5. Lecanosperma.
Flowers numerous, in several- or many-flowered inflores-
cences; trees or large shrubs.
Capsule splitting from below upward ... 6. Cinchona.
Capsule splitting from above downward.
Corolla lobes bifid ; fruit dehiscing by 4 spirally coiled
valves 7. Joosia.
Corolla lobes entire; fruit not dehiscent by 4 spirally
coiled valves.
Capsule loculicidal 8. Macrocnemum.
Capsule septicidal.
Valves of the capsule bifid 9. Remijia.
Valves of the capsule entire.
Capsules small, barely 1 cm. long; flowers
densely clustered 10. Pimentelia.
Capsules large, commonly more than 2 cm.
long, often much larger; flowers rather
loosely clustered and usually pediceled.
11. Laderibergia.
6 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Corolla lobes imbricate or contorted.
Calyx lobes unequal, one of them expanded into a large red limb.
12. Capirona.
Calyx lobes equal or nearly so, none of them expanded into a
colored limb.
Corolla lobes contorted, or one external in Calycophyllum.
Calyx caducous; seeds not winged, bearing a tuft of hairs at
one end 13. Hillia.
Calyx persistent; seeds winged.
Plants epiphytic; corolla tube 6-9 cm. long; leaves fleshy.
14. Cosmibu&na.
Plants terrestrial trees or shrubs; corolla smaller; leaves
not fleshy.
Corolla lobed to the middle or more deeply.
15. Calycophyllum.
Corolla with short lobes much shorter than the tube.
Stamens equal, the anthers included .... 16. Loretoa.
Stamens unequal, the anthers exserted.
17. Ferdinandusa.
Corolla lobes imbricate.
Corolla regular, with a slender tube 18. Exostema.
Corolla somewhat zygomorphic, with broad tube.
19. Coutarea.
III. CONDAMINEAE
Calyx lobes unequal, one of them in some of the flowers expanded
into a large red limb 20. Pogonopus.
Calyx lobes equal or nearly so, none of them expanded and colored.
Calyx deciduous; corolla large 21. Condaminea.
Calyx persistent; flowers small 22, Chimarrhis.
IV. RONDELETIEAE
Corolla lobes imbricate.
Calyx lobes unequal, one of them expanded into a large red limb.
23. Warscewiczia.
Calyx lobes equal or nearly so, none of them expanded into a
colored limb.
Leaves densely white-tomentose beneath 24. Rondeletia.
FLORA OF PERU 7
Leaves not tomentose.
Flowers in terminal trichotomous cymes. Leaves subsessile;
corolla 12-15 mm. long 25. Dolichodelphys.
Flowers in usually large and many-flowered panicles.
Seeds large; capsule loculicidal 26. Sickingia.
Seeds small; capsule septicidal 27. Bathysa.
Corolla lobes contorted.
Plants low herbs 28. Sipanea.
Plants shrubs or trees.
Flowers large, the green corolla almost 5 cm. long. Plants
glabrate 29. Macbrideina.
Flowers small, the colored or white corolla less than 2 cm. long.
Stipules persistent, exuding resin; leaves glabrate.
30. Elaeagia.
Stipules caducous, not resinous; leaves densely hairy.
31. Phitopis.
V. HEDYOTIDEAE
Seeds angulate; plants annual 32. Oldenlandia.
Seeds plano-convex; plants chiefly perennial and often suffrutescent.
33. Arcytophyllum.
VI. MUSSAENDEAE
Inflorescence terminal.
Flowers arranged in involucrate heads; plants epiphytic.
34. Schradera.
Flowers paniculate; plants not epiphytic.
Panicles spike-like; flowers small 35. Gonzalagunia.
Panicles thyrsiform; flowers large 36. Isertia.
Inflorescence axillary.
Plants creeping herbs. Flowers usually in dense heads.
37. Coccocypselum.
Plants shrubs or trees, or sometimes herbaceous and scandent.
Leaves with many close striolae in the meshes of the veins.
Inflorescences 1-3-flowered 38. Hippotis.
Inflorescences few-many-flowered.
Leaves small and thin; plants much branched.
39. Sommera.
8 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Leaves very large, coriaceous; plants chiefly simple or
nearly so 40. Pentagonia.
Leaves without striolae in the meshes of the veins. Plants
scandent 41. Sabicea.
VII. HAMELIEAE
Ovary 2-celled 42. Hoffmannia.
Ovary 4-5-celled.
Corolla lobes contorted in bud 43. Bertiera.
Corolla lobes imbricate in bud.
Corolla tubular 44. Hamelia.
Corolla short-funnelform 45. Bothriospora.
VIII. GARDENIEAE
Corolla somewhat irregular, the buds curved 46. Posoqueria.
Corolla regular, the buds not curved.
Flowers perfect.
Inflorescences terminal or terminal and axillary.
Flowers in few- or many-flowered cymes 47. Tocoyena.
Flowers mostly solitary or fasciculate.
Corolla tube equaling or scarcely exceeding the limb,
usually shorter 48. Sphinctanthus.
Corolla tube usually much longer than the limb . 49. Randia.
Inflorescences lateral.
Corolla tube villous in both throat and base; stigma tapering;
testa of the seeds fibrous; trees 50. Genipa.
Corolla tube villous in throat or base but not in both; stigma
not tapering; shrubs or small trees.
Ovary 2-celled; native species .49. Randia.
Ovary 1-celled; cultivated species 51. Gardenia.
Flowers dioecious.
Stipules forming a conic cap, connate into a sheath, deciduous
above a circular slit, leaving a persistent basal caruncle.
Staminate flowers in cymes, the pistillate usually solitary,
rarely 2-3 in a head 52. Duroia.
Staminate and pistillate flowers both in cymes . 53. Amaioua.
FLORA OF PERU 9
Stipules free or united only near the base, not forming a cap
that is dehiscent by a transverse slit.
Staminate flowers lateral; plants usually armed with spines.
49. Randia.
Staminate flowers terminal ; plants unarmed . . 54. Alibertia.
IX. RETINIPHYLLEAE
A single genus in Peru 55. Retiniphyllum.
X. GUETTARDEAE
Corolla lobes imbricate in bud.
Fruit separating into 2 narrow dry cocci 56. Machaonia.
Fruit drupaceous, indehiscent 57. Guettarda.
Corolla lobes valvate.
Tube of the corolla short and thick 58. Malanea.
Tube of the corolla slender and elongate.
Corolla lobes corniculate outside at the apex 59. Chomelia.
Corolla lobes not corniculate 60. Anisomeris.
XL CHIOCOCCEAE
A single genus in Peru 61. Chiococca.
XII. IXOREAE
Calyx calyculate at the base; cultivated plants 62. Coffea.
Calyx naked at the base; native plants 63. Ixora.
XIII. COUSSAREAE
Seeds vertical; ovules connate, borne on a common basal column.
64. Coussarea.
Seeds horizontal; ovules separate in a 1-celled ovary, collateral,
basilar 65. Faramea.
XIV. PSYCHOTRIEAE
Ovary partly or almost wholly superior 66. Pagamea.
Ovary inferior.
Flowers in elongate, interrupted spikes, crowded in dense groups
at the nodes of the spikes, each group surrounded by a short
involucre of united bracts 67. Stachyococcus.
10 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Flowers not in interrupted spikes.
Inflorescence an involucrate head (heads often compound in
Cephaelis).
Plants creeping herbs; seeds flat on the ventral side.
68. Geophila.
Plants usually large shrubs; seeds deeply furrowed on the
ventral side 69. Cephaelis.
Inflorescence not involucrate, or very rarely so.
Fruiting carpels much compressed laterally, the fruit didy-
mous; plants low, herbaceous or suffrutescent.
70. Declieuxia.
Fruiting carpels not compressed laterally; plants mostly trees
or shrubs.
Seeds with inrolled ventral surface; stipules pectinately
lobed or with setiform appendages 71. Rudgea.
Seeds not with inrolled ventral surface; stipules mostly
entire or bilobate.
Corolla tube straight, not gibbous at the base.
72. Psychotria.
Corolla tube elongate, more or less curved, gibbous at
the base. Branches of the inflorescence usually
red or yellow 73. Palicourea.
XV. PAEDERIEAE
A single genus in Peru 74. Paederia.
XVI. ANTHOSPERMEAE
Fruit leathery, pyriform, deeply costate, splitting into 2 cocci.
75. Corynula.
Fruit a succulent, red, berry-like drupe 76. Gomozia.
XVII. SPERMACOCEAE
Flowers in panicled umbels; plants scandent 77. Emmeorrhiza.
Flowers not umbellate; plants usually not scandent.
Fruit not separating into cocci, the whole fruit circumscissile.
78. Mitracarpus.
Fruit separating into cocci.
Cocci indehiscent.
Cocci 3-4 . . . . 79. Richardia.
FLORA OF PERU 11
Cocci 2 80. Diodda.
Cocci, at least one of them, dehiscent.
Cocci opening only at the base. Flowers axillary.
81. Hemidiodia.
Cocci opening at the apex.
Cells of the fruit unlike, one opening, the other remaining
closed 82. Spermacoce.
Cells of the fruit alike, both opening 83. Borreria.
XVIII. GALIEAE
Calyx lobes developed, lanceolate 84. Sherardia.
Calyx lobes obsolete.
Flowers surrounded by a calyx-like involucre 85. Relbunium.
Flowers not involucrate 86. Galium.
1. UNCARIA Schreb.
Scandent or trailing shrubs, armed with stout recurved spines;
stipules interpetiolar, entire or bifid; leaves opposite, petiolate;
flowers sessile or pedicellate, in solitary or racemose, pedunculate,
spherical heads, 5-parted; calyx tubular or funnelform, dentate;
corolla funnelform, the throat glabrous, the short lobes valvate in
bud; stamens inserted in the corolla throat, exserted; fruit 2-celled,
dry, fusiform, septicidally bi valvate; seeds few or numerous, winged
and bicaudate.
Flowers pedicellate; leaves glabrous U. guianensis.
Flowers sessile; leaves tomentulose beneath or strigose on the veins.
U. tomentosa.
Uncaria guianensis (Aubl.) Gmel. Syst. 370. 1796. Ourouparia
guianensis Aubl. PI. Guian. 177. pi. 168. 1775.
A large shrub with scandent or recurved branches; leaves short-
petiolate, the blades oblong to broadly elliptic, 6-12 cm. long,
obtusely short-acuminate, truncate to obtuse at the base; flower
heads 2.5 cm. in diameter; calyx 4-5 mm. long, turbinate, tomen-
tulose; corolla white, 11 mm. long, densely pilose, the lobes obtuse;
fruit 3.5-4 cm. long, glabrate. "Unganangi."
Ayacucho: Choimacota Valley, 800 meters, Weberbauer 7537.
Cuzco: Cosnipata, 700 meters, Weberbauer 6953. Loreto: Yuri-
maguas, in forest, Williams 4170, 7844. La Campuya, W. Fox 94.
Rio Itaya, Williams 251. Puerto Arturo, in pasture, Williams 5193.
12 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 6525. Bolivia to Brazil and the
Guianas.
Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC. Prodr. 4: 349. 1830. Nauclea
aculeata HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 382. 1819, non Willd. A 7 , tomen-
tosa Willd. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 221. 1819. Ourouparia tomentosa
Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 132. 1889.
A large, more or less scandent shrub, armed with stout spines;
leaves short-petiolate, the blades thin, oval to ovate or broadly
oblong, 10-15 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate, usually pale
beneath and minutely tomentulose, often glabrate and strigose on
the veins; flowers whitish, fragrant, the dense heads 2 cm. in diam-
eter; corolla 8-10 mm. long, densely tomentulose; capsule 6-8 mm.
long.
Loreto: Mouth of Rio Santiago, Tessmann ^663. Also in Colom-
bia, the Guianas, Trinidad, and Central America.
Of the collection cited I have seen only a fragment. Evidently
it represents a species distinct from U. guianensis, but I do not feel
certain that it is U. tomentosa, which is not known to occur between
northern Colombia and Peru.
2. ALSEIS Schott
Trees or shrubs with opposite leaves; stipules short or elongate;
flowers small, white or yellow, spicate, the spikes simple or branched,
axillary and terminal; hypanthium obconic; calyx 5-lobate, the lobes
broad or narrow, deciduous; corolla cylindric, short, pilose within,
the limb 5-lobate, the lobes valvate; stamens inserted at the base
of the corolla tube, the filaments villous; capsule oblong- turbinate,
2-celled, septicidally bivalvate from the apex; seeds linear-fusiform,
the testa produced at each end.
Alseis peruviana Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 179. 1936.
A tree, the branchlets fulvous-hispidulous; stipules deciduous,
ovate, acuminate, 1-1.5 cm. long; leaves short-petiolate, membrana-
ceous, the blades rhombic-oblanceolate or cuneate-obovate, 21-37
cm. long, 7-18 cm. wide, acute or acuminate, long-attenuate to the
base, short-pilosulous above, densely hispidulous beneath; spikes
6-17 cm. long; calyx 1.2 mm. long, glabrate, the lobes unequal, lance-
oblong, acute; corolla 2.5-3 mm. long, minutely fulvous-hispidulous.
Loreto: Puerto Arturo, Yurimaguas, 200 meters, in forest,
Williams 5030, type. San Martin: Juan Guerra near Tarapoto,
Williams 6916. "Mishu-quiro," "palo bianco."
FLORA OF PERU 13
3. MANETTIA L.
Plants scandent, herbaceous or suffrutescent; stipules inter-
petiolar, sometimes dentate or fimbriate; leaves opposite, herbaceous
or coriaceous; flowers 4-parted, solitary and axillary or disposed in
cymes or panicles, often brightly colored ; calyx with 4 or 8 segments,
these equal or unequal, persistent; corolla tubular or funnelform,
the lobes valvate in bud, the tube usually pilose within above the
base, the throat glabrous or villous; stamens included or exserted,
the anthers linear; capsule 2-celled, septicidally dehiscent; seeds
small, discoid, winged.
Calyx lobes 8, usually broad and foliaceous, united at the base into
a short tube.
Leaves glabrous or practically so.
Corolla glabrous M. glandulosa.
Corolla sparsely or densely pubescent outside.
Capsule pyriform, acute at the base; leaf blades rounded at
the base M. tarapotensis.
Capsule globose, rounded at the base; leaf blades acute at
the base M. coccinea.
Leaves copiously pubescent beneath, at least when young.
Plants villous-pilose throughout with long, weak, shaggy hairs.
Corolla tube dilated above; calyx lobes broad; capsule
globose M. hispida.
Plants short-pilose.
Corolla tube dilated above; leaves soon glabrate.
M. vacillans.
Corolla tube cylindric; leaves permanently pubescent.
Calyx lobes narrowly lanceolate, long-attenuate; capsule
obovoid, acute at the base; flowers racemose.
M. racemosa.
Calyx lobes lanceolate or ovate; capsule globose, rounded
at the base; flowers subumbellate M. Schunkei.
Calyx lobes 4.
Leaves tomentose beneath with matted hairs.
Calyx lobes minute, scarcely 1 mm. long M. tomentulosa.
Calyx lobes 1.5-4 mm. long.
Corolla glabrous outside M. poliodes.
14 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Corolla villous or tomentose.
Calyx lobes triangular-ovate, 1.5-2 mm. long, in fruit as
much as 4 mm.; tomentum of the lower leaf surface
yellowish M. peruviana.
Calyx lobes lanceolate, 2-4 mm. long, in fruit as much as
1 cm. ; tomentum whitish M. Weberbaueri.
Leaves not tomentose.
Corolla large, 3-5 cm. long M. cordifolia.
Corolla usually less than 1.5 cm. long.
Calyx lobes minute, ovate to lanceolate, erect or suberect, less
than 2 mm. long, inconspicuous, never much thickened.
Young branches glabrous. Corolla tube 3 mm. long;
flowers laxly paniculate M. paniculata.
Young branches pilose or villous.
Calyx lobes broadly ovate, obtuse M. thysanophora.
Calyx lobes triangular or lanceolate, acute or acuminate.
Capsule obtuse at the base; flowers racemose-paniculate.
M. veronicoides.
Capsule acute at the base; flowers subumbellate.
M. modica.
Calyx lobes large or elongate, usually much more than 2 mm.
long, sometimes recurved, often conspicuous and leafy,
frequently much thickened.
Corolla villous or pilose outside.
Tube of the corolla about 6 mm. long; leaves oblong-
lanceolate M. acutifolia.
Tube of the corolla 12 mm. long; leaves elliptic.
M. asclepiadacea.
Corolla glabrous outside.
Calyx lobes united at the base into a short tube, recurved.
M. divaricata.
Calyx lobes free or nearly so, not recurved.
Calyx lobes ovate or orbicular, obtuse or rounded at
the apex.
Corolla tube 12-14 mm. long M. dubia.
Corolla tube 5-6 mm. long M. umbellata.
Calyx lobes lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute or
acuminate.
FLORA OF PERU 15
Leaves large, about 6 cm. wide M . glandulosa.
Leaves smaller, 3 cm. wide or less.
Calyx lobes 6-10 mm. long; leaves coriaceous.
M. Albert-Smithii.
Calyx lobes 3-3.5 mm. long; leaves thin.
M. leucantha.
Manettia acutifolia R. & P. Fl. 1: 58. pi. 89, f. b. 1798. M.
acutiflora Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 134. 1805. Lygistum acutifolium Kuntze,
Rev. Gen. 1:287.1891.
A large, slender vine; stipule lobes short, acute; leaves short-
petiolate, thin, the blades 1.5-3 cm. wide, long-acuminate, rounded
or obtuse at the base, glabrous or nearly so; flowers congested in the
leaf axils; hypanthium pilose, the calyx lobes linear-lanceolate or
linear-oblong, long-attenuate, erect; corolla purple or white, densely
pilose outside, the tube 6 mm. long. Neg. 218.
Cuzco(?): Type collected between Acomayo and Pati, Ruiz &
Pavdn (photo, and fragm. of authentic material seen, ex hb. Berol.).
Huanuco: Rio Huallaga Canyon below Rio Santo Domingo, climbing
over shrubs, 1,200 meters, Macbride 4255.
Manettia Albert-Smithii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 151. 1930.
A scandent herb, the stems glabrous; stipules acute, sometimes
fimbriate, 2-2.5 mm. long; leaves short-petiolate, coriaceous, the
blades oblong-lanceolate to ovate, 1.5-3 cm. wide, acuminate, obtuse
at the base, glabrous; inflorescence racemiform, the flowers short-
pedicellate; hypanthium glabrous; calyx lobes erect, green, coriaceous,
lanceolate, acute or acuminate; corolla white, glabrous outside,
the tube 6-7 mm. long, the lobes 6-7 mm. long, long-villous within;
capsule subglobose, 6-7 mm. long, obtuse or abruptly contracted at
the base.
Ayacucho: Carrapa, 1,200 meters, wooded hillside, Killip &
Smith 22418, type. Aina, 750-1,000 meters, in thickets, Killip &
Smith 23104.
Manettia asclepiadacea Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 332. 1931.
Stems retrorse-pilosulous; stipules setulose-pectinate; leaves
petiolate, the blades membranaceous, elliptic, 4.5-5.5 cm. wide,
long-acuminate, acute at the base, glabrous, the veins obscure, paler
beneath ; flowers umbellate in the leaf axils, the pedicels 5-9 mm. long;
hypanthium densely pilosulous; calyx lobes lanceolate or narrowly
ovate, 8-10 mm. long, green; corolla white-pilose outside, the white
16 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
tube 12 mm. long, the lobes yellow with purple tips, 4.5 mm. long;
capsule obovoid, acute or attenuate at the base.
Loreto: San Antonio, Rio Itaya, 110 meters, dense forest, Killip
& Smith 29476, type. Also in Ecuador.
Manettia coccinea (Aubl.) Willd. Sp. PL 1: 624. 1797. Nacibea
coccinea Aubl. PL Guian. 96. pi. 37, f. 1. 1775.
Stems usually glabrous; stipules truncate, denticulate; leaves
herbaceous, petiolate, the blades lanceolate to ovate, 3-10 cm. long,
acute or acuminate, acute to obtuse at the base; flowers chiefly
axillary; calyx lobes 8, linear or oblanceolate, 4-14 mm. long, foli-
aceous, ciliate, recurved; corolla red, 17-25 mm. long, more or less
pilose; capsule subglobose, 6-12 mm. long, rounded at the base.
Huanuco: Posuso, 600 meters, over sunny shrubs, 4592. Loreto:
Between Rio Nanay and Rio Napo, in forest, Williams 686. Widely
distributed in the lowlands of tropical America, ranging northward
to Mexico.
Manettia cordifolia Mart. Denkschr. Acad. Muench. 9: 95.
pi. 7. 1824. Guagnebina ignita Veil. Fl. Flum. 45. pi. 115. 1825.
M. ignita Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 170. 1889.
A large, herbaceous vine; leaves short-petiolate, membranaceous,
ovate to lance-oblong, long-acuminate, rounded or obtuse at the
base, finely pubescent beneath; flowers chiefly axillary and solitary,
long-pedicellate; calyx lobes 4, oblong or lanceolate, usually unequal,
large and foliaceous; corolla bright red, glabrous outside, 3-5 cm.
long, the tube dilated above, the lobes very short. Neg. 193.
Huanuco: Posuso, Lopez to Cueva Blanca, Pearce 215 (teste
Wernham). San Martin: San Roque, abandoned land, Williams
7773, 7479. Department unknown: Without locality, Weberbauer
6560; Pav6n; Mathews 1343. Andes at 1,500-2,400 meters, Pearce
590 (teste Wernham). Bolivia to Brazil and Argentina.
Manettia cordifolia var. attenuata (Nees & Mart.) Wernham,
Gen. Manettia 20. 1919. M. attenuata Nees & Mart. Act. Soc. Nat.
Cur. 12: 14. 1825.
Similar to the species, but the upper leaves, at least, narrowly
lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute at the base, finely pubescent
beneath.
San Martin: Lamas, Williams 6406. Near Tarapoto, Spruce
3929. Also in Brazil.
FLORA OF PERU 17
Manettia cordifolia var. glabra (C. & S.) Standl. Field Mus.
Bot. 7: 263. 1931. M. glabra C. & S. Linnaea 4: 159. 1829. M.
micans P. & E. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 24. 1845.
Like the species, but the leaves glabrous. Neg. 192.
Huanuco: Posuso, rocky wooded slopes, 600 meters, 4722.
Puerto Victoria, 300 meters, wooded river banks, Killip & Smith
26823. Junin: La Merced, 600 meters, river cliffs, 5585. Vitoc,
Ruiz. Chanchamayo Valley, 1,800 meters, Schunke 480, 1519,
1430. San Ramon, 900-1,300 meters, edge of woods, Killip & Smith
24748. Huacapistana, Weberbauer 1967. La Merced, Killip &
Smith 28519. Rio Peren4, 600 meters, in forest, Killip & Smith
25213. Loreto: Type of M. micans from Yurimaguas, Poeppig.
Yurimaguas, 135 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 27990. Bal-
sapuerto, 220 meters, King 3080. San Lorenzo, Killip & Smith
29200. Madre de Dios(?): Seringal San Francisco, Rio Acre,
Ule 9864. San Martin: Between Moyobamba and Tarapoto,
Raimondi 490. Tarapoto, Mathews 1343. Rio Huallaga, Spruce
4592. Zepelacio, 1,200-1,600 meters, King 3541- Pongo de Cai-
narachi, 230 meters, Klug 2606. Ranging to Brazil and Argentina.
The variety is much more frequent in most parts of the range
than the typical form of the species. It must be a handsome and
showy plant, with its large and brilliantly colored flowers.
Manettia divaricata Wernham, Gen. Manettia 41. 1919.
A large, herbaceous vine, glabrous throughout or nearly so;
stipules small and inconspicuous, deciduous; leaves slender-petiolate,
blackish when dried, papyraceous, the blades elliptic to ovate-
oblong, acutely acuminate, acute at the base; flowers few, axillary
and solitary or in 3-flowered cymes; calyx lobes fleshy, ovate or
lanceolate, acuminate, 3-5 mm. long; corolla lilac-rose or with
purplish green tube and dull pink lobes, the stout tube 15 mm. long,
the rather short lobes recurved; capsule large, obovoid, acutish at the
base or obtuse.
Junin: Puerto Bermudez, 375 meters, dense forest, Killip &
Smith 26615. Loreto: Lower Rio Nanay, Williams 564- Masisea,
275 meters, open woods, Killip & Smith 26848. Mishuyacu, 100
meters, in clearing, Klug 849. Iquitos, in forest, Killip & Smith
29858. Also in Bolivia.
Manettia dubia Wernham, Gen. Manettia 31. 1919.
Stipules deltoid, acuminate; leaf blades elliptic, 6.5-8.5 cm. long,
obtuse or acuminate, rounded at the base, glabrous; calyx lobes
18 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
ovate-orbicular, mucronate-acute, 6 mm. long; corolla blue, glabrous
outside, the tube 12-13 mm. long, the lobes 4-5 mm. long.
Ayacucho: Type from Puitac, at 3,000-3,300 meters, Pearce.
Known to the present writer only from description.
Manettia glandulosa P. & E. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 24. 1845.
Lygistum glandulosum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 287. 1891.
Stipules deltoid, glandular-ciliate; leaves glabrous, subcoriaceous,
the blades as much as 12.5 cm. long, acuminate, shining, especially
beneath; peduncles axillary, 1-several-flowered; calyx lobes 4 or
8, lanceolate, half as long as the corolla; corolla small, glabrous, pink;
capsule oval, didymous, glabrous.
Loreto: Type from forests of Yurimaguas, Poeppig. Reported by
Wernham (Gen. Manettia 38. 1919) from Rio Huallaga, Yurimaguas,
Spruce 3874- Known to the present writer only from description.
Manettia hispida P. & E. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 24. pi. 228. 1845.
Lygistum hispidum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 287. 1891.
A large, suffrutescent vine, villous-pilose throughout with long,
spreading, whitish hairs, the stems straw-colored; stipules oblong,
acute; leaves on short, stout petioles, the blades broadly elliptic to
oblong, acuminate, acute at the base; flowers few and axillary, long-
pedicellate, often umbellate; calyx lobes 7, oval-spatulate; corolla
red or pinkish red, copiously long-pilose, the tube 15 mm. long;
capsule ovoid or globose, villous. Neg. 216.
Huanuco: Cerro de San Cristobal, near Cochero, Poeppig.
Loreto: Yurimaguas, Poeppig 2321 (photo, and fragm. ex hb. Berol.).
Fortaleza, Yurimaguas, edge of forest, Williams 4299. Puerto Arturo,
in forest, Williams 5315. Balsapuerto, 220 meters, Klug 3024-
Santa Rosa, 135 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 28906. Yuri-
maguas, 135 meters, in forest, Killip & Smith 29115. San Martin:
Lamas, in forest, Williams 6483. Department unknown: Without
locality, Poeppig 235; Pavdn (labeled "Besleria sp. nova")-
Manettia leucantha Krause, Repert. Sp. Nov. 19: 308. 1924.
A slender, herbaceous vine, the stems glabrous or nearly so;
stipules subulate-aristate; leaves short-petiolate, the blades lanceo-
late or ovate-lanceolate, 5-8 cm. long, long-acuminate, acute or obtuse
at the base, glabrous; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, acute, 3-3.5 mm.
long; corolla white, the tube 4-6 mm. long, the lobes acute, slightly
shorter than the tube; capsule subglobose, glabrate. Neg. 210.
FLORA OF PERU 19
Huancavelica: Rio Mantaro, below Huancamayo, in forest, 1,500
meters, Weberbauer 6573, type collection.
Manettia modica Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 275. 1929.
Suffrutescent, with stramineous branches, the young branchlets
villosulous; stipules truncate, bearing a few subulate setae; leaves
short-petiolate, the blades lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 2-3.5
cm. long, long-acuminate, obtuse at the base, sparsely villous, pale
beneath, the margins revolute; flowers umbellate-paniculate, pedi-
cellate; calyx lobes broadly ovate, acute; capsule obovoid, 5 mm. long,
acute and long-attenuate at the base.
Huanuco: Vilcabamba, Rio Chinchao, 1,800 meters, climbing
over shrubs, Macbride 5154, type.
Manettia paniculata P. & E. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 24. 1845.
Lygistum paniculatum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 288. 1891.
A slender, herbaceous vine, glabrous; stipules broad, short,
acutish; leaves on short, slender petioles, the blades lance-oblong,
about 7.5 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, acuminate, acute to rounded at
the base, glabrous, paler beneath; flowers arranged in lax, open
panicles, the flowers long-pedicellate; calyx lobes oblong, obtuse,
thick, half as long as the corolla, somewhat spreading; corolla tube
3 mm. long. Negs. 25688, 202.
Loreto: Forests of Yurimaguas, Mainas, Poeppig 2462 (photo,
and fragm. of type material, ex hb. Berol.). Wernham (Gen. Manet-
tia 30. 1919) reports also a specimen collected by Poeppig at Casapi
(Huanuco).
Manettia peruviana Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 274. 1929.
A scandent shrub, the branchlets densely villous; stipules tri-
angular, acute, 2.5 mm. long; leaves almost sessile, the blades thick,
oblong-ovate, 2.5-4.5 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate, rounded
at the base, scabrous and villosulous-puberulent above, densely
tomentose beneath; flowers umbellate, long-pedicellate; calyx lobes
triangular-ovate, 1.5-2 mm. long; corolla dark red, short- villous, the
tube 8 mm. long, the obtuse lobes 2 mm. long; capsule didymous-
globose, 5-6 mm. wide. "Pushpu-hoirer."
Huanuco: Mito, 2,700 meters, twining on shrubs of sunny slopes,
Macbride & Featherstune 1395, type. Tambillo, 2,400 meters, 3571 .
Junin: Mountains west of Huacapistana, 2,400 meters, Weberbauer
2287.
20 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Manettia poliodes Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 151. 1930.
A large vine, the young branchlets densely villosulous-tomentose;
stipules 2 mm. long, 3-denticulate; leaves short-petiolate, the blades
membranaceous, ovate-elliptic or oblong-ovate, 4-8 cm. long,
acuminate, rounded or obtuse at the base, green above, sparsely
villosulous, densely tomentose beneath; flowers umbellate-cymose,
slender-pedicellate; calyx lobes ovate, acute or acuminate; corolla
violaceous, the tube 7-10 mm. long, the triangular-ovate lobes
2-2.5 mm. long; capsule subglobose, 5 mm. long, obtuse at the base.
Cuzco: Marcapata Valley, near Chilechile, 2,500 meters, in
thicket, Weberbauer 7863, type. Below Lares, 3,100 meters, in
thicket, Weberbauer 7890. Valle del Apurimac, Mollepata, 2,750
meters, Herrera 1230.
Manettia racemosa R. & P. Fl. 1: 58. pi. 89, f. a. 1798. M.
mutabilis Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 134. 1805. Nacibea mutabilis Poir. in
Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 4: 55. 1816. Lygistum racemosum Kuntze, Rev.
Gen. 1: 288. 1891.
A large, herbaceous vine; stipules acuminate, ciliate; leaves
slender-petiolate, the blades membranaceous, ovate to elliptic-
oblong, more or less villous or pilosulous, at least beneath along
the nerves, acute or acuminate, acute to obtuse at the base; flowers
few, cymose or axillary and short-racemose; calyx lobes usually
8, linear or lanceolate, large and elongate, herbaceous, often re-
curved; corolla purplish or red-violet, villous; capsule ellipsoid,
sparsely villous or pilosulous, 12 mm. long, acute at the base.
Neg. 221.
Huanuco: Described from Cochero, Chinchao, Cassape, Macora,
Marimarchahua, and Hualqui, Ruiz & Pavdn (photo, and fragm.
seen, ex hb. Berol.). Loreto: Mishuyacu, 100 meters, in marsh,
Klug 116 If. Locality unknown: Pawn; Dombey 553. San Martin:
Zepelacio, 1,200-1,600 meters, mountain forest, Klug 3609.
Manettia Schunkei Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 273. 1929.
Plants scandent, herbaceous or suffrutescent, the slender stems
at first reflexed-hirtellous; stipules triangular, acute; leaves short-
petiolate, firm-membranaceous, the blades lance-ovate or ovate-
elliptic, 2.5-5.5 cm. long, acuminate, rounded or obtuse at the base,
sparsely scaberulous above, densely scaberulous beneath; cymes
axillary, umbelliform, the flowers slender-pedicellate; calyx lobes 8,
foliaceous, lanceolate or ovate, 3-4 mm. long; corolla red, sparsely
FLORA OF PERU 21
puberulent, the tube 13 mm. long, the ovate lobes 6 mm. long;
capsule small, didymous-globose, obtuse or rounded at the base.
Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1,200 meters, Schunke 362, type;
at 1,200-1,500 meters, Schunke 1428, 1461, 1444- Colonia Perene",
600 meters, in forest, Killip & Smith 25202.
Manettia tarapotensis Wernham, Gen. Manettia 38. 1919.
A large, herbaceous vine, the stems puberulent; stipules truncate,
glandular-denticulate; leaves slender-petiolate, the blades sub-
coriaceous, ovate or ovate-elliptic, acuminate, rounded at the base
and abruptly contracted, glabrous, 6-9 cm. long; flowers in rather
dense and many-flowered umbels, long-pedicellate; calyx lobes 8,
linear, 5-6 mm. long or more; corolla puberulent, the tube 12-13
mm. long; capsule pyriform, 1 cm. long or larger, thinly tomentulose.
San Martin: Type from Tarapoto, Spruce 4076, 4426. Rumizapa,
Williams 6764. Tarapoto, in forest, Williams 6105, 6528.
Manettia thysanophora Wernham, Gen. Manettia 28. 1919.
A rather coarse vine; stipules united, reflexed, fimbriate; leaves
short-petiolate, membranaceous, the blades elliptic or broadly ovate,
3.5-5 cm. long, acuminate, acute at the base, glabrate and green
above, pale beneath and when young sparsely hirtous; flowers
numerous, subumbellate in the axils, slender-pedicellate; calyx lobes
4, broadly ovate, usually obtuse, glabrous, 1 mm. long; corolla
glabrous outside, the tube 5 mm. long, the lobes 2 mm. long.
Peru, without locality, Mathews 1501, type collection.
Manettia tomentulosa Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 273. 1929.
Young branchlets densely puberulent or short- villous; stipules
subtruncate, laciniate-dentate; leaves petiolate, thick-membrana-
ceous, the blades oblong-ovate to lance-oblong, 3-7 cm. long, acumi-
nate, rounded or obtuse at the base, sparsely appressed-pilose above
or glabrate, minutely and densely tomentulose beneath; flowers in
axillary umbels, slender-pedicellate; capsule subglobose, 3.5 mm. long,
minutely puberulent, rounded at the base; calyx lobes oblong or
ovate, obtuse.
Junin: La Merced, 1,200 meters, climbing over bushes, Mac-
bride 5772, type. Huacapistana, 1,800-2,400 meters, in thickets,
Killip & Smith 24141.
Manettia umbellata R. & P. Fl. 1: 58. pi. 90, f. a. 1798. Lygis-
tum umbellatum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 288. 1891.
22 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
A large, glabrous vine, herbaceous or suffrutescent; stipules short,
triangular-apiculate; leaves short-petiolate, subcoriaceous, the blades
ovate to oblong or elliptic, acuminate, obtuse or rounded at the
base; flowers umbellate or short-racemose in the leaf axils, slender-
pedicellate; calyx lobes 4, ovate, obtuse or acute, thick; corolla blue,
glabrous, the stout tube 6-7 mm. long, the lobes short, triangular-
ovate; capsule globose-ovoid, 7 mm. long. Neg. 199.
Ayacucho: Choimacota Valley, 2,800 meters, Weberbauer 7572.
Huanuco: Described from Muna, Ruiz & Pavdn (photo, and fragm.
of authentic material seen, ex hb. Berol.; labeled as from Parrasa-
huas). Vilcabamba, 1,800 meters, 5153. Panao, 2,700 meters, a
vine over shrubs, 3614- Pampayacu, Kanehira 104. Madre de
Dios: Seringal San Francisco, Rio Acre, Vie 9863.
Manettia vacillans Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 272. 1929.
Scandent, suffrutescent, the young branchlets densely puber-
ulent; stipules acute, 2 mm. long; leaves short-petiolate, membra-
naceous, the blades elliptic or broadly ovate, 2.5-3.5 cm. long,
short-acuminate, rounded or obtuse at the base, sparsely appressed-
pilose above at first, beneath sparsely tomentulose on the veins
or almost glabrous; inflorescences subumbellate, axillary, few-
flowered; hypanthium tomentulose; calyx lobes unequal, lanceolate
or ovate, 2.5-5 mm. long, acuminate, spreading or recurved; corolla
reddish white, turning rose, the tube 11-12 mm. long, the ovate,
obtuse lobes 3-5 mm. long.
Ayacucho: Mountains northeast of Huanta, 3,100 meters, moist
ravine, Weberbauer 7509, type.
Manettia veronicoides Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 272. 1929.
A slender vine, the young stems sparsely puberulent; stipules
broadly triangular, acuminate; leaves almost sessile, the blades
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2.5-4.5 cm. long, long-acuminate, rounded
or obtuse at the base, glabrous above, sometimes tomentulose
beneath along the nerves; flowers umbellate-paniculate, short-
pedicellate; calyx lobes oblong- triangular, acute, 1-1.5 mm. long;
corolla glabrous, the tube 2.5 mm. long, the lobes of the same length;
capsule obovoid-globose, 3-4 mm. long, obtuse at the base.
Cuzco: Between the tambos Tres Cruces and Tambomayo, 2,400
meters, Weberbauer 6971, type.
Manettia Weberbaueri Krause, Repert. Sp. Nov. 19: 309. 1924.
Stipules acuminate; leaves short-petiolate, the blades lance-
oblong to ovate or elliptic, 2-4 cm. long, short-acuminate, acute or
FLORA OF PERU 23
acutish at the base, sparsely appressed-pilose or glabrate above,
pale-tomentose beneath; flowers loosely cymose; calyx lobes lanceo-
late or ovate-lanceolate, acute, pilose, at first 2-4 mm. long, later
accrescent; corolla pink, the tube 6-9 mm. long, appressed-pilose,
the lobes 2-2.5 mm. long; capsule subglobose, 5 mm. long, broadly
obtuse at the base, sparsely pilose or almost glabrous. Neg. 222.
Cajamarca: San Pablo, 2,400-2,700 meters, Weberbauer 3808,
type collection (photo, and fragm. seen, ex hb. Berol.).
4. STILPNOPHYLLUM Hook. f.
Glabrous shrubs; stipules caducous; leaves opposite, petiolate,
coriaceous; flowers small, in small, axillary panicles, 5-parted;
calyx cupular, 5-dentate, eglandular, persistent; corolla campanu-
late-funnelform, coriaceous, the tube villous within at the base, the
lobes half as long as the tube, valvate in bud ; stamens inserted in the
corolla throat, the anthers linear; ovary 2-celled, with numerous
ovules in each cell. The genus consists of a single species.
Stilpnophyllum lineatum Hook. f. Icon. PI. pi. 1147. 1873;
Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 158. pi. Ill, f. 2. 1889. Elaeagia
lineata Spruce ex Schum. loc. cit.
A shrub 3 meters high; leaf blades oblong-lanceolate orobovate-
oblong, 5-9 cm. long, short-acuminate, acute at the base, lustrous;
panicles 2 cm. long, much shorter than the leaves; hypanthium
turbinate; calyx 1 mm. long, the teeth ovate-triangular, minutely
pilosulous; corolla 5-6 mm. long, minutely puberulent, the lobes
oblong, acute, recurved.
San Martin : Summit of Cerro Pelado near Tarapoto, Spruce 4568,
type collection.
5. LECANOSPERMA Rusby
Stiff, much branched shrubs; stipules short, persistent; leaves
opposite, small, short-petiolate ; flowers terminal, solitary; calyx
5-parted, the lobes narrow, foliaceous; corolla salverform, with a
slender, elongate tube and broad, spreading lobes, the tube villous
within at the insertion of the stamens; stamens inserted in the throat
of the corolla, the anthers sessile; capsule subglobose, loculicidally
bivalvate; seeds rather few, compressed, imbricate, narrowly winged.
The genus consists of a single species.
Lecanosperma lycioides Rusby, Bull. Torrey Club 20: 431.
pi. 168. 1893.
24 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
A dense shrub 2 meters high or less, the branchlets often sub-
spinose; leaf blades elliptic-oblong, 3-12 mm. long, glabrous or nearly
so; corolla white, the tube nearly 2 cm. long; capsule 6 mm. long.
Apurimac: Between Amorayana and Sanaica, 2,700 meters,
Weberbauer 7174- Also in Bolivia.
6. CINCHONA L.
Trees or shrubs, glabrous or variously pubescent; stipules large,
distinct, caducous; leaves opposite, petiolate; inflorescence terminal,
paniculate, with opposite branches, usually many-flowered; flowers
5-parted; calyx campanulate, dentate or lobate; corolla salverform,
pubescent outside, the spreading lobes valvate in bud, more or less
villous within along the margins; stamens semi-exserted or included,
with short or elongate filaments, the anthers linear; capsule ovoid
or oblong to subcylindric, bisulcate, dehiscent from the base to apex,
many-seeded; seeds broadly winged.
The genus contains some of the most important drug plants of
the world, the source of quinine, the universal remedy for malaria.
In former years large amounts of cinchona bark were exported from
Peru as well as from other regions of the Andes, particularly Bolivia
and Ecuador. The gathering of the bark involved the destruction
of the trees, and the supply of wild trees was finally almost exter-
minated. The greater part of the quinine now used in medicine is
obtained from trees cultivated in the East Indies.
There is a vast literature relating to the taxonomy and economic
applications of the genus. Those interested particularly in medicinal
properties of the plants made intensive studies of them, describing
a great number of forms as species. Many forms of the trees were
distinguished by the men who collected the bark, and various races
that differ but slightly in characters of foliage and flowers seem to
vary greatly as to their quinine content. Because of the large number
of names concerned, the synonymy of the genus is exceedingly
involved. The differences between the supposed species are poorly
marked and imperfectly understood, or perhaps rather confused by
the excess of attention paid to the forms. It is, therefore, dis-
couraging to attempt to present a reasonable account of the species.
The following enumeration of the Cinchona species is far from
satisfactory, but it will perhaps permit a sufficiently fine segregation
of the species. The greater number of the names in the genus relate
to forms of C. officinalis and C. pubescens. The species vary greatly,
FLORA OF PERU 25
but even after the examination of a large amount of authentic
material of their segregates, it does not seem possible to recognize
more than a few true species in the genus. The writer believes that
the greater part of the names published under the genus pertain to
forms of scarcely or not at all more significance botanically than
horticultural varieties of common garden vegetables.
Because of the involved synonymy, it is by no means certain that
all the names listed below are correctly placed. The most of them,
however, are of little importance, and it matters little what disposal
is made of them.
Leaves hirsute, hispid, or hispidulous beneath, at least on the costa
and nerves, the hairs stiff and spreading.
Leaves firm-membranaceous or subcoriaceous, usually dull, hirsute
or hispidulous beneath over the whole surface.
Leaves glabrate on the upper surface, long-hirsute beneath.
C. Humboldtiana.
Leaves appressed-pilose or glabrate on the upper surface, densely
short-pilose beneath C. Delessertiana.
Leaves mostly thick-coriaceous, lustrous, hirsute or hispid chiefly
on the costa and nerves.
Calyx 1.5-2 mm. long, densely appressed-pilose.
C. glandulifera.
Calyx 4-5 mm. long, glabrous or glabrate C, hirsuta.
Leaves glabrous beneath, or pilosulous or villosulous with weak or
short, often appressed hairs, never hirsute or hispid.
Corolla 14-17 mm. long; leaves mostly firm-coriaceous, relatively
small C. officinalis.
Corolla 6-12 mm. long; leaves comparatively thin and large.
Corolla 10-12 mm. long; leaves usually copiously pubescent
beneath C. pubescens.
Corolla 6-8 mm. long; leaves glabrous or glabrate beneath except
along the costa.
Calyx lobes linear-subulate C. amazonica.
Calyx lobes deltoid C. micrantha.
Cinchona amazonica Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 334. 1931.
A medium-sized tree; leaves petiolate, the blades thick-mem -
branaceous, obovate-elliptic, 15-25 cm. long, 8-12 cm. wide, obtuse
or acutish and abruptly short-acuminate, narrowed to the base,
26 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
glabrous above, beneath sparsely and minutely sericeous or almost
glabrous; panicle large and broad, the branches densely puberulent
or sericeous, the flowers mostly sessile; hypanthium densely seri-
ceous; calyx 5-parted, 1.5-2 mm. long, minutely sericeous, the lobes
linear-attenuate; corolla 3.5-4 cm. long, densely tomentulose, the
lobes equaling the tube.
Loreto: Pebas, on the Amazon, Williams 1747, type. Also in
adjacent Brazil.
Cinchona carabayensis Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10: 9. 1848.
C. Pahudiana Howard, Nueva Quinol. Pav. pi. 21. 1862. C. cara-
bayensis var. lanceolata Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 4: 270.
1868-69. (?) C. Hasskarliana Miq. op. cit. 4: 266. 1868-69.
A shrub 1-3 meters high, the trunk 3-4 cm. thick; stipules obo-
vate-oblong, much longer than the petioles; leaf blades ovate-elliptic
or lanceolate, 8-12 cm. long, 4-7 cm. wide, acute at each end or
rarely obtuse, coriaceous, glabrate above, pubescent-tomentose
beneath; calyx teeth triangular-lanceolate, acute; capsule oblong-
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, pubescent.
Puno : Described from thickets on the summits of the mountains
between the valleys of the Province of Carabaya, especially near San
Juan del Oro. Formerly, at least, planted in Java as a source of
quinine.
Weddell did not describe the flowers of this species, and its
position is consequently uncertain. It may be only a form of
C. officinalis, although in that species the leaves ordinarily are nearly
glabrous. Weddell states that the plant is called "cascarilla de las
lomas," and that it probably withstands a greater degree of cold
than any other member of the genus.
Schumann in the Flora Brasiliensis (6, pt. 6: 141. pi. 97} describes
and illustrates C. carabayensis, but since the writer has seen no
material of the species, even with his account of it there is difficulty
in placing the plant. If his description of the flowers is correct, the
species is close to C. pubescens, differing principally in its smaller
leaves.
Cinchona coronulata Miq. Journ. Bot. Neerl. 1: 140. 1861.
Described from Peru, but of uncertain status.
Cinchona Delessertiana, Standl., sp. nov.
Ramuli crassi obtuse tetragoni densissime brunneo-pilosi, inter-
nodiis elongatis; stipulae late ovali-ovatae 12 mm. longae deciduae
FLORA OF PERU 27
obtusae extus densiuscule hispidulae intus glabrae, erectae; folia
mediocria petiolata subcoriacea, petiolo crasso 1-2 cm. longo densis-
sime pilis brunnescentibus hispidulo-tomentoso; lamina ovalis ad
rotundato-elliptica 6.5-17 cm. longa 5-8.5 cm. lata apice rotundata
vel obtusa et subapiculata, basi truncata vel late rotundata, supra
primo sparse adpresso-pilosa cito glabrata nervis nervulisque pro-
funde impressis, subtus undique pilis brevibus patentibus brun-
nescentibus vel flavidis dense hispidula, costa crassa elevata, nervis
lateralibus utroque latere circa 14 prominentibus fere rectis, infimis
angulo recto superioribus angulo paullo angustiore divergentibus,
venulis paucis elevatis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentiae terminales et
ex axillis superioribus nascentes densissime multiflorae longe pedun-
culatae basi foliaceo-bracteatae, floribus dense aggregatis sessilibus,
bracteis ultimis linearibus vel lanceolatis 5-8 mm. longis; hypanthium
2.5 mm. longum dense fulvo-tomentosum; calyx 3-3.5 mm. longus
dense adpresso-hispidulus, ad medium dentatus, dentibus triangular-
ibus erectis acutis; corolla aperta non visa, in alabastro fere 1 cm.
longa dense fulvo-strigosa; capsula immatura anguste lanceolato-
oblonga 1.5 cm. longa sparse fulvo-hispidula.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews (Herb. Delessert, type).
In a genus in which very numerous species have been described,
based upon differences of slight importance, a group to which much
attention has been given because of its economic importance, it is
surprising to discover a form so conspicuously distinct from other
species of the genus as this. It is hard to understand why this
Mathews collection, made long ago, has not been named, but I can
find no mention of it in literature. The species is a well-marked one,
characterized by the very dense pubescence of short, spreading hairs
that covers all parts of the plant.
Cinchona glandulifera R. & P. Fl. 3: 1. pi. 224. 1802. C.
undulata Pa von ex Howard, 111. Nueva Quinol. Pav. 2. pi. 6. 1862.
A shrub 2-4 meters high with 2-4 trunks, these as much as 7 cm.
thick; bark ashy gray, the branchlets pilose or hirsute ; stipules oblong,
obtuse or acutish, villous; leaves short-petiolate, the blades ovate-
lanceolate to lanceolate or oblong-elliptic, 8-12 cm. long, acute at
each end, glabrous and shining above, hirsute beneath, especially
on the nerves, the hairs somewhat glandular at the base; panicles
leafy, terminal and axillary, many-flowered, the flowers short-
pedicellate; calyx lobes subulate, short, both calyx and hypanthium
densely pilosulous; corolla pinkish white, 6-7 mm. long, tomentose
outside; capsule oblong, 1.5 cm. long. Neg. 102.
28 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Huanuco: Described from the mountains of Chicoplaya, Ruiz &
Pavdn; photo, and fragm. of authentic material seen ex hb. Berol.,
also material in hb. Deless. Reported also from Monzon, Panata-
huas, and Cochero. "Cascarilla negrilla."
Cinchona govana Miq. Journ. Bot. Neerl. 1: 140. 1861. The
status of this species, described from the Department of Puno, is
uncertain.
Cinchona hirsuta R. & P. Fl. 2: 51. pi 192. 1799. C. pubescens
var. hirsuta DC. Prodr. 4: 353. 1830. C. pelalba Pa von ex DC. Bibl.
Univ. 41: 152. 1829. C. pubescens var. heterophylla DC. Prodr. 4:
118. 1830. C. heterophylla Pavon ex t)C. loc. cit. in syn.
A slender tree 4-5 meters high, the trunks usually several, com-
monly 15 cm. or less in diameter; leaves on stout petioles, the blades
ovate or ovate-elliptic, 6-10 cm. long, obtuse, cuneate to obtuse or
rounded at the base, shining above, more or less hirsute beneath;
panicles corymbiform, usually rather few-flowered, but sometimes
many-flowered, the branches pubescent; calyx deeply lobate, the
lobes linear-lanceolate, glabrate; corolla purplish, as much as 2 cm.
long, tomentulose; capsules about 3 cm. long (described by Weddell
as 10-14 cm., probably in error), ovoid-oblong, Negs. 91, 94, 95, 98.
Huanuco: Described from the mountains near Pillao and Aco-
mayo, Ruiz & Pavon; authentic material seen in hb. Deless., also
photo, and fragm. ex hb. Berol. Authentic material of C. pelalba
and C. heterophylla represented in hb. Field Mus. by photos, and
fragm. ex hb. Berol. "Cascarilla delgada," "cascarilla delgadilla."
Cinchona Humboldtiana Lamb. 111. Cinch. 7. 1821. C. villosa
Pavon ex Lamb. loc. cit. in syn. C. conglomerata Pavon ex Howard,
111. Nueva Quinol. Pav. pi. 15. 1862. C. Humboldtiana var. con-
glomerata Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. V. 12: 45. 1869.
Branchlets pilose or hirsute; leaves short-petiolate, the blades
rather thin, elliptic to lance-oblong, 8-13 cm. long or larger, acute or
acutish at each end, glabrate above, long-hirsute beneath; panicles
mostly small and rather dense, pilose; calyx small, shallowly lobate,
the lobes broadly triangular, acute, the hypanthium densely tomen-
tose; corolla 1 cm. long; capsule ovate or oblong, 1.5-2.5 cm. long,
tomentose-pilose or glabrate. Negs. 101, 105.
Cajamarca: Type from Jae*n, Pavdn; photo, of authentic specimen
seen, ex hb. Berol. Also in Bolivia, and perhaps in Ecuador. "Cas-
carilla colorada."
FLORA OF PERU 29
In the herbarium of Field Museum there is a photograph of a
specimen in hb. Berol, " Kunth 23," from Jauja, Junin, labeled
Cinchona purpurascens Wedd., that may be referable to this species.
Cinchona legitima Ruiz ex Lamb. Bull, de Pharm. 293. 1810.
Described from Peru; a species of uncertain position.
Cinchona micrantha R. & P. Fl. 2: 52. pi. 194. 1799. C.
affinis Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10: 8. 1848. C. micrantha var.
rotundifolia Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 11: 270. 1849. C. micrantha
var. oblongifolia Wedd. loc. cit. C. Reicheliana Howard, Nueva
Quinol. Pav. pi. 5. 1862. C. micrantha var. huanucensis, C. mi-
crantha var. affinis, C. micrantha var. Reicheliana, C. micrantha var.
calisayoides Howard, op. cit. 1862. C. Pavoniana Kuntze, Monogr.
Cinch. 29. 1878.
A medium-sized tree, the branchlets sericeous or glabrate;
stipules ovate, obtuse, glabrous; leaves petiolate, large, oval to
obovate, rounded, or elliptic, obtuse to rounded at the apex, acute
to rounded at the base, nearly glabrous but usually pilose beneath
along the costa; panicles large and many-flowered, rather open,
puberulent or tomentulose, often leafy; hypanthium minutely
tomentulose; calyx minute, the teeth acute, purplish; corolla pink,
about 6 mm. long, densely tomentulose, the lobes much shorter than
the tube; capsule oblong, acute, about 1.5 cm. long. Negs. 108, 109.
Huanuco: Type from San Antonio de Playa Grande, Tafalla;
photo, and fragm. of authentic material seen, ex hb. Berol. Type of
C. Reicheliana from the region of Huanuco. Cochero, Poeppig
1339, 1737, 1708. Cajamarca: Valley of Rio Tabaconas, 1,200
meters, Weberbauer 6271. Junin: La Merced, 1,000 meters, Weber-
bauer 1843. San Ramon, 900-1,300 meters, edge of woods, Killip
& Smith 24767. San Martin: Zepelacio, 1,100 meters, King 3650.
-Without locality: Mathews 1953; Poeppig 3047, 1707, 2834.
Reported by Weddell from Carabaya, Department of Puno. The
type of C. affinis is from Peru. Also in Bolivia and Ecuador.
"Cascarilla provinciana," "cascarilla provinciana blanquilla," "cas-
carilla provinciana negrilla," "motosolo." "Quepo cascarilla,"
"cascarilla verde" (Bolivia).
Weddell states that immediately after the bark is removed from
the tree it assumes a blood-red color, and that it is exceedingly
bitter. This species was formerly a more or less important source
of the drug cinchona.
30 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Cinchona officinalis L. Sp. PI. 172. 1753. C. land/olio, Mutis,
"Periodico de Santa Fe," 465. 1793. C. nitida R. & P. Fl. 2: 50.
pi. 191. 1799 (type from Pampamarca, Chacahuassi, Casape, Casa-
pillo, Cayumba, Sapan, Cochero, Ruiz & Pavdn; authentic material
seen ex hb. Berol. and hb. Deless.). C. lanceolata R. & P. Fl. 2: 51.
1799 (described from Mima, Panao, Pillao, Cochero, Ruiz & Pavdn;
authentic material seen, ex hb. Berol. and hb. Deless.); 3: 1. pi.
223. 1802. C. angustifolia Ruiz, Quinol. Suppl. 14. 1801. C. Con-
daminea H. & B. PI. Aequin. 1: 33. pi. 10. 1808. C. colorata Lamb.
Bull, de Pharm. 294. 1810. C. Condaminea var. lanceolata Lamb.
111. Cinch. 2. 1821. C. stupea Pavon ex Lamb. loc. cit. in syn. 1821;
Lindl. Fl. Med. 416. 1838. C. lancifolia var. nitida R. & S. Syst.
Veg. 5: 9. 1825. C. lancifolia var. lanceolata R. & S. loc. cit. C.
macrocalyx DC. Bibl. Univ. 41: 150. 1829 (authentic material seen,
ex hb. Deless.). C. coccinea Pavon ex DC. Prodr. 4: 353. 1830, in
syn. (authentic material seen, ex hb. Deless.). C. macrocalyx var.
obtusifolia DC. loc. cit. C. obtusifolia Pavon ex DC. loc. cit. in syn.
(authentic material seen, ex hb. Deless.). C. macrocalyx var. lucumi-
folia DC. loc. cit. C. lucumifolia Pavon ex DC. loc. cit. in syn.
(authentic material seen, ex hb. Deless.). C. macrocalyx var. Uritu-
singa DC. loc. cit. C. Uritusinga Pavon ex DC. loc. cit. in syn.
C. Bonplandiana Klotzsch in Hayne, Arzneigew. 7: pi. 37. 1846
(photo, of authentic material seen, ex hb. Berol.). C. Calisaya Wedd.
Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10: 6. 1848. C. amygdalifolia Wedd. loc. cit.
(described from Bolivia and Peru). C. boliviana Wedd. op. cit.
7. 1848. C. Calisaya var. Josephiana Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 11:
269. 1849. C. Condaminea var. lanceolata Wedd. loc. cit. C. crispa
Tafalla ex Howard, Nueva Quinol. Pav. pi. 2. 1862. C. Palton
Pavon ex Howard, op. cit. pi. 13. 1862. C. parabolica Pavon ex
Howard, op. cit. pi. 16. 1862. C. violacea, C. suberosa Pavon ex
Howard, loc. cit. 1862. C. officinalis var. Uritusinga Howard,
Rept. Internat. Bot. Congr. 201. 1866. (?)C. euneura Miq. Ann.
Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 4: 265. 1868-69 (type from Rio Grande,
Carabaya, Department of Puno, Hasskarl). C. lucumifolia var.
stupea Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. V. 11: 358. 1869. C. Calisaya var.
boliviana Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. V. 12: 55. 1869. C. elliptica Wedd.
op. cit. 60. 1869 (type from Province of Carabaya, Department of
Puno). C. Weddelliana Kuntze, Monogr. Cinch. 29. 1878. Hindsia
subandina Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 431. 1908, nomen.
A large or medium-sized tree or sometimes only a shrub, the
trunk rarely as much as 1.5 meters in diameter, the bark rugose,
FLORA OF PERU 31
fuscous, the branchlets strigillose-pilosulous; stipules lanceolate or
oblong, acute or obtuse, glabrous; leaves petiolate, lanceolate to
elliptic or ovate, small, acute, acuminate, or obtuse, at the base
rounded to attenuate, coriaceous, glabrous above and often lustrous,
glabrous beneath or puberulent or short-pilose, especially on the
veins, usually about 10 cm. long and 3.5-4 cm. wide, often scrobicu-
late beneath; panicles terminal, leafy, rather small and dense,
many-flowered; hypanthium strigose; calyx glabrous or nearly so,
reddish, the teeth triangular, acute; corolla pink or red, sericeous,
the lobes ovate, acute, the tube about 1 cm. long; capsule oblong,
commonly 1.5-2 cm. long, glabrate. Negs. 96, 110, 112, 114-121, 572.
Amazonas: Reported from Chachapoyas. Huanuco: Pam-
payacu, Kanehira 352. Pan de Azucar, Sawada 69, 72. Junin:
Jae"n, Rivera 588. Loreto: Canela Ucsha, 1,000 meters, Ule 6767
(type of Hindsia subandina). Puno: Reported from the Sandia
Valley. San Martin: Monte Campana near Tarapoto, Spruce
4832 (det. doubtful). Reported to grow at 1,600-2,700 meters.
Ranging from Bolivia to Colombia. "Cascarilla verde," "cascarilla
verde morada," "cascarilla crespilla," "cascarilla calisaya," "ichu
cascarilla."
This species was formerly an important source of cinchona bark
in the Andean region, and it was also the one first used in medicine.
It was first made known from the region of Loja, in southern Ecua-
dor. The species as treated here is a variable one, at least as regards
leaf form, but no clear lines can be drawn to separate the forms into
groups. It may well be, however, that with ample material available
for study, if it ever can be brought together, there may be found
some means of distinguishing several species in the material now
referred to C. officinalis.
Cinchona pubescens Vahl, Skrivt. Naturh. Selsk. 1: 19. 1790.
C. Morado Ruiz, Quinol. 67. 1792. C. purpurea R. & P. Fl. 2: 52.
pi. 193. 1799 (type from Pati, Ruiz & Pavdn; authentic material
seen, ex hb. Berol. and hb. Deless., from Chinchao, Pillao, etc.).
C. ovata R. & P. op. cit. 52. pi. 195. 1799 (described from Posuso
and Panao; authentic material seen, ex hb. Berol.). C. grandifolia
Mutis ex Humb. Ges. Naturf. Freund. Berlin Mag. 1: 117. 1807.
C. scrobiculata H. & B. PI. Aequin. 1: 165. pi. 47. 1808 (type from
Jae"n, Department of Junin, Humboldt &Bonpland; type material seen
in hb. Deless.). C. rotundifolia Pavon ex Lamb. 111. Cinch. 5. 1821.
C. pubescens var. ovata DC. Prodr. 4: 353. 1830. C. pallescens Ruiz
ex DC. loc. cit. in syn. C. tennis Ruiz ex DC. loc. cit. in syn. C. dis-
32 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
color Hayne, Arzneigew. 14: sub pi. 14- 1846. C. Delondriana Wedd.
Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10: 7. 1848 (type from Peru). C. rufinervis Wedd.
op. cit. 8. 1848 (type from Peru). C. Pelletieriana Wedd. loc. cit.
1848 (described from Bolivia and Peru). (?)C. purpurascens Wedd.
loc. cit. 1848 (described from Bolivia and Peru). C. scrobiculata
var. genuina Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 11: 270. 1849. C. scrobicu-
lata var. Delondriana Wedd. loc. cit. 1849. C. pubescens var. pur-
purea Wedd. loc. cit. 1849. C. ovata var. vulgaris Wedd. loc. cit.
1849. C. ovata var. erythroderma Wedd. loc. cit. 1849, nomen nudum.
C. Lechleriana Schlecht. Linnaea 26: 728. 1853-55 (type from San-
gaban, Department of Puno, Lechler 2347; type material seen in lib.
Deless.). C. succirubra Pavon ex Klotzsch, Abh. Akad. Berl. 1857: 60.
1858 (type material (?) seen in hb. Berol., from Tucora in the hills of
San Antonio). C. lutea Pavon ex Howard, Nueva Quinol. Pav. pi. 14
1862. C. obovata Pavon ex Howard, op. cit. pi. 18. 1862 (type from
region of Huanuco, Pavdri). C. decurrentifolia Pavon ex Howard,
op. cit. pi. 23. 1862. C. peruviana Howard, op. cit. pi. 27. 1862
(type from Cochero). C. subcordata Pavon ex Howard, loc. cit.
1862. C. viridiflora Pavon ex Howard, loc. cit. 1862. C. subsessilis
Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 4: 272. 1868-69 (type from Peru,
Hasskarl). C. caloptera Miq. op. cit. 273. 1868-69 (grown in Java
from Peruvian seed). C. erythroderma Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. V. 11:
362. 1869 (type from Rio Vilcomayo north of Cuzco). C. platy-
phylla Wedd. loc. cit. 1869. C. elliptica Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. V.
12: 60. 1869. C. Howardiana Kuntze, Monogr. Cinch. 30. 1878.
A medium-sized tree, the trunk about 30 cm. in diameter, the
branchlets pubescent; stipules large, ovate, obtuse or acute, sericeous
or almost glabrous; leaves slender-petiolate, the blades usually
large, commonly broadly ovate to orbicular, rounded to acute at
the apex, cordate to acute at the base and often decurrent, usually
glabrate above, beneath densely short-pilose or tomentose to glabrate,
often scrobiculate; panicles usually large, often leafy, many-flowered,
open, the flowers subsessile; hypanthium densely sericeous; calyx
appressed-pilosulous, the teeth short and broad, acute; corolla red
or pink, sericeous, 10-12 mm. long, the lobes half as long as the tube;
capsule lanceolate or oblong, glabrate, commonly 1.5-2.5 cm. long.
Negs. 93, 103, 106, 107, 571, 22802.
Cajamarca: Huambos, 2,400 meters, Weberbauer 4202, 4195.
Cuzco: San Miguel, Urubamba Valley, 1,800 meters, Cook & Gilbert
1173,1781. Torontoy, 2,400 meters, Cook & Gilbert 1 099. Huanuco :
Pan de Azucar, Sawada 75. Rio Posuso, 2,300 meters, Weberbauer
FLORA OF PERU 33
6782. Casapi, Mathews 1952. Junin: Jae"n, Bonpland. Chan-
chamayo Valley, 1,600 meters, Schunke 1490, 546. Puno: Mountains
near Sangabdn, Lechler 2347. Province of Carabaya, Weddell 4353.
Bolivia to Colombia. "Cascarilla," "cascarilla boba," "cascarilla
delgada," "cascarilla pata de gallinazo," "cascarilla fina," "cascarilla
morada," "cascarilla pata de gallareta," "palo bianco," "quina de
Chito y Ynta," "quina blanca," "cascarilla colorada," "cascarilla
de Santa Ana," "quina amarilla," "carua-carua," "cargua-cargua,"
"cascarilla mula," "cascarilla zamba morada," "cascarilla de
Carabaya."
This species is almost as variable as C. officinalis. It is and has
been one of the most important sources of the cinchona bark
employed in medicine, if not the principal one.
Cinchona umbellulifera Pavon ex Howard, 111. Nueva Quinol.
Pav. pi. 22. 1862. Described from Peru, the type collected by
Pavon. I have seen no material of the species, whose status is
uncertain.
7. JOOSIA Karst.
Trees with bitter bark; stipules caducous; leaves opposite,
petiolate, herbaceous; inflorescence cymose or verticillate-umbellate,
the flowers white, 5-parted; calyx large, 5-dentate, in bud open or
subvalvate; corolla salverform, deeply lobed, each lobe provided
with 2 petaloid, crispate appendages, the tube glabrous within;
stamens inserted in the tube, the filaments short, the anthers linear;
capsule linear, bisulcate, 2-celled ; seeds numerous, imbricate, winged.
The genus consists only of the three species listed here.
Capsule valves 1.5-2.5 cm. long, not spirally twisted after dehiscence.
J. Dielsiana.
Capsule valves 3.5-6.5 cm. long, spirally twisted after dehiscence.
Leaves glabrous on the upper surface; inflorescence cymose-
umbellate; capsule appressed -pilose J. umbellifera.
Leaves appressed-pilose on the upper surface; inflorescence strictly
dichotomous; capsule glabrous J. dichotoma.
Joosia dichotoma (R. & P.) Karst. Fl. Columb. 1: 9. 1858.
Cinchona dichotoma R. & P. Fl. 2: 53. pi. 197. 1799. Ladenbergia
dichotoma Klotzsch in Hayne, Arzneigew. 14: sub pi. 15. 1846.
Cosmibuena dichotoma G. Don, Hist. Dichl. PI. 3: 479. 1834.
A nearly glabrous shrub or tree 2-8 meters high; stipules oblong-
obovate, obtuse, longer than the petioles, caducous; leaves short-
34 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
petiolate, oblong-lanceolate to elliptic, acute, at the base acute or
obtuse, sericeous-pilose beneath; inflorescence rather few-flowered,
the flowers secund, short-pedicellate; corolla about 17 mm. long,
with a slender tube. Neg. 6641.
Huanuco: Type from Chicoplaya, Tafalla in 1797. Loreto:
Pampas de Ponasa, 1,200 meters, Ule 6795.
Joosia Dielsiana Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 219. 1936.
A tree 6 meters high, the trunk 12 cm. in diameter; stipules
narrowly oblong, 1 cm. long, obtuse, glabrate, deciduous; leaves
9-18 cm. long, petiolate, elliptic-oblong or narrowly elliptic, acutely
acuminate, acute at the base, glabrous above, at first laxly appressed-
pilose beneath, soon glabrate; inflorescence long-pedunculate, rather
laxly few-flowered; corolla densely appressed-pilose, the slender
tube greenish yellow, 11-12 mm. long, the lobes of equal length;
capsule oblong, subterete, glabrate.
Loreto: Upper Maranon, mouth of Rio Santiago, in upland forest,
160 meters, Tessmann 4478, type.
The fruit is so unlike that of the other species that the tree might
be considered worthy of generic segregation, but the curious corolla
is very similar to that of the other species, and quite unlike the corolla
of any other genus of the family.
Joosia umbellifera Karst. Fl. Columb. 1: 9. pi. 5. 1858; Schum.
in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 159. pi. 100. 1889.
A medium-sized tree; stipules linear-oblong, acute or subobtuse,
1.5 cm. long; leaves short-petiolate, oblong to obovate-oblong or
oblong-lanceolate, 10-22 cm. long, long-acuminate, acute to rounded
at the base, appressed-pilose beneath on the veins; inflorescence
15 cm. long; calyx lobes triangular-ovate, acute; corolla subsericeous,
12-14 mm. long, the lobes ovate, each bearing at the apex 2 large,
oval appendages; capsule 3.5-6.5 cm. long, 3 mm. wide.
San Martin: Reported by Schumann from Tarapoto, Spruce
3944. Loreto: Balsapuerto, 220 meters, King 2943. Also in
Colombia.
The plant is described as a shrub of 2-3 meters or as a tree of
7-11 meters. The .flowers are pure white and sweet-scented.
8. MACROCNEMUM L.
Shrubs or trees; stipules usually caducous; leaves opposite,
petiolate; inflorescences axillary, often leafy, paniculate, the flowers
FLORA OF PERU 35
usually showy, 5-parted; calyx persistent, short or elongate, 5-den-
tate or lobate; corolla salverform or funnelform, the lobes valvate
in bud, the tube pilose at the insertion of the stamens; stamens
unequal, attached to the middle of the tube, exserted; capsule 2-
celled, oblong or cylindric, bisulcate, loculicidal; seeds numerous,
minute, compressed, narrowly winged.
Leaves glabrous beneath but barbellate in the axils of the nerves,
sometimes minutely appressed-pilose when young, but soon
glabrate M . roseum.
Leaves more or less densely pilose beneath with short, spreading
hairs.
Calyx lobes obtuse M. cinchonoides.
Calyx lobes acute M. pilosinervium.
Macrocnemum cinchonoides Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 1:
76. 1854. Lasionema cinchonoides Wedd. Hist. Quinquin. 99. 1849.
Leaves short-petiolate, the blades obovate or oblanceolate-
oblong, acute, narrowed to the base, glabrous above, short-pilose
beneath, the veins glabrate; calyx lobes short, obtuse; branches of
the panicle densely rusty-pilose; capsule linear-clavate, arcuate,
1.5-2 cm. long. "Cascarilla bruta." Neg. 183.
Puno: Humid forests, Tambopata, Province of Carabaya,
Weddell 4349, type material.
Probably both this and M. pilosinervium are only variants of
M. roseum, and not worthy of specific rank.
Macrocnemum pilosinervium Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4:
326. 1929.
Branchlets densely appressed-pilose; leaves short-petiolate, the
blades obovate or oblong-obovate, 15-22 cm. long, acute, acute at
the base or attenuate, glabrous above, densely spreading-pilose
beneath and with dense, subappressed hairs along the veins; inflo-
rescences long-pedunculate, densely many-flowered, the branches
appressed-pilosulous; corolla glabrous, the tube 1 cm. long, the
rounded lobes 2-2.5 mm. long; immature capsule 8 mm. long.
Type from Peru, without locality, Mathews in 1862.
Macrocnemum roseum (R. & P.) Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV.
1: 76. 1854. Cinchona rosea R. & P. Fl. 2: 54. pi. 199. 1799. C.
fusca Ruiz ex Vitm. Summa Suppl. 1 : 262. 1802. Lasionema roseum
Don, Edinb. Phil. Mag. 2: 377. 1833. C. Tarantaron Pav. ex Wedd.
36 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Hist. Quinquin. 64. 1840, in syn. M. Sprucei Rusby, Mem. Torrey
Club 6: 44. 1896.
A shrub or tree, as much as 15 meters high and probably larger,
nearly glabrous; leaves petiolate, the blades obovate to oblong,
obtuse, cuneately narrowed to the base, firm, mostly 6-15 cm. long
and 3-7 cm. wide; inflorescence rusty-pilosulous or sometimes
glabrate; corolla pink, glabrous outside, about 12 mm. long; capsule
1.5-2 cm. long. Negs. 185, 564, 6643.
Amazonas: Mouth of Rio Santiago, Tessmann 3509. Maranon
Valley, Tessmann 3835. Huanuco! Described from Posuso and San
Antonio de Playa (type material seen). Posuso, 600 meters, Mac-
bride 4588. Pampayacu, Sawada 15. Rio Posuso, Weberbauer
6751. Loreto: Lower Rio Huallaga, 200 meters, Williams 1+957.
Cahipuerto, 250 meters, Klug 3123. Puerto Arturo, 135 meters,
dense forest, Killip & Smith 27898. Pumayacu, 600-1,200 meters,
Klug 3202. Madre de Dios(?): Seringal San Francisco, Rio Acre,
Ule 9862. San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 5468; Spruce 3972.
Campana, near Tarapoto, Spruce 4367. Pongo de Cainarachi, 230
meters, Klug 2631. Juan Jui, Alto Rio Huallaga, 400 meters,
Klug 3788. Without locality, Pavon. Also in Bolivia and Brazil.
"Palo de San Juan," "asmonich," "cascarillo pardo." Ruiz and
Pavon state that the flowers were used for decoration in the
churches.
9. REMIJIA DC.
Shrubs or trees; stipules binate or quaternate; leaves opposite
or verticillate, petiolate, usually coriaceous; inflorescence axillary,
paniculate, with opposite branches, 5-parted; calyx dentate or
lobate; corolla salverform, the tube glabrous within, the lobes mostly
coriaceous, glabrous on the margins, valvate in bud ; stamens inserted
on the tube, included or subexserted, the anthers linear; capsule
2-celled, loculicidal, the valves woody, bifid; seeds peltately attached,
winged.
Capsules 8-10 mm. long; leaf blades attenuate to the narrow base;
hypanthium glabrous or nearly so R. megistocaula.
Capsules 12-15 mm. long; leaf blades merely acute at the base or
often obtuse; hypanthium densely appressed-pilose.
R. peruviana.
Remijia megistocaula Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 319. 1908.
A tree up to 30 meters high, the branchlets puberulent; stipules
3-3.5 cm. long, ovate, acuminate, glabrate, soon deciduous; leaves
FLORA OF PERU 37
short-petiolate or almost sessile, the blades coriaceous, lanceolate
to obovate-lanceolate, 25^10 cm. long, 12-16 cm. wide, or sometimes
smaller, glabrate, short-acuminate; inflorescences large and many-
flowered, ferruginous-pilose; capsule narrowly pyriform, glabrous.
Negs. 161, 162.
Huanuco: Between Monzon and Rio Huallaga, 700 meters,
Weberbauer 3687, type collection.
Remijia peruviana Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 156. 1930.
A shrub or tree as much as 10 meters high; stipules deciduous,
oval or oblong, obtuse or rounded at the apex; leaves opposite,
short-petiolate, the blades coriaceous, elliptic or broadly ovate,
8-17 cm. long, 4-9 cm. wide, acute, beneath minutely appressed-
pilosulous, especially on the veins, or glabrate; panicles long-peduncu-
late, many-flowered, about equaling the leaves, densely fulvous-
pilosulous; calyx lobes ovate or lanceolate, acute; corolla white,
densely fulvous-sericeous, the tube 8-11 mm. long, the attenuate
lobes 5-6 mm. long; capsule narrowly oblong, sparsely appressed-
pilosulous. "Cascarilla," "asar lisa," "collar lisa." "Quina"
(Colombia).
Loreto: Balsapuerto, 220 meters, King 3072. Near Marana,
vicinity of Iquitos, Williams 1512 (type), 1511. Forest between
Nanay and Napo rivers, Williams 675. Punchana, Williams 1333,
8022. San Juan, in forest, Williams 3738. Morona-cocha, 115
meters, Mexia 651 2a. Palta-cocha, Alto Nanay, Williams 3190.
Nauta, Rio Ucayali, Spruce 3857. Mishuyacu, 100 meters, Klug
1340, 1203. Iquitos, Tessmann 3661, 5095; Killip & Smith 26973,
27296. Rio Nanay, Williams 340. San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce
4581, 4263; Williams 6107, 6670, 6322. Also in Colombia.
10. PIMENTELIA Wedd.
Trees; stipules free, covered at the base with resin; leaves oppo-
site, short-petiolate, subcoriaceous; inflorescence axillary, paniculate,
small, the flowers sessile; hypanthium turbinate, puberulent; calyx
short, persistent, the teeth triangular; capsule linear-oblong, short,
2-celled, septicidally dehiscent from apex to base, the valves entire;
seeds numerous, minute, linear-lanceolate, winged.
The genus was named for Don Pablo Pimentel, once governor of
the Province of Carabaya. It consists of a single species.
Pimentelia glomerata Wedd. Monogr. Cinchon. 94. pi. 27,
B. 1849.
38 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
A tree 5-6 meters high, the trunk 20-30 cm. in diameter, the
branchlets glabrous, resinous; stipules ovate, obtuse, glabrous; leaf
blades oblong-obovate, 20-25 cm. long, 10-13 cm. wide, rounded to
short-acuminate, acute at the base, pilosulous beneath in the axils
of the nerves, otherwise glabrous; panicles opposite, rounded, many-
flowered, the short branches glabrate; capsule 1 cm. long, 3 mm.
wide, glabrate. Neg. 160.
Puno: Type collected in the mountains of Carabaya, growing
with various species of Cinchona and Ladenbergia, Weddell; photo,
seen of specimen in hb. Berol. "Ueno-ueno," "beno-beno."
11. LADENBERGIA Klotzsch
Shrubs or small trees, pubescent or almost glabrous; stipules
free or united, caducous; leaves opposite, petiolate, small or large,
often coriaceous; flowers large or medium-sized, disposed in terminal
panicles, these leafless and with opposite branches; calyx commonly
5-dentate or 5-lobate; corolla salverform, pilose, the lobes valvate,
short-papillose on the margins or over the inner surface; stamens
included, the anthers linear; capsule usually cylindric, dehiscent
from the apex, woody or coriaceous; seeds broadly winged.
The species of this genus, closely related to Cinchona, are almost
as difficult of discrimination as in the latter. Since they are of little
economic importance, less attention has been given to them by
botanists and pharmacists, and their synonymy is, therefore, far less
involved.
Corolla 7-10 mm. long;' capsule 1-2 cm. long. Leaves acuminate,
pilose beneath in the axils of the nerves, otherwise glabrous or
nearly so L. pedunculata.
Corolla 1.8-5.5 cm. long; capsules usually larger.
Leaves conspicuously bullate, oblanceolate-oblong, short-hispid
beneath on the veins. Capsules about 4.5 cm. long .L. bullata.
Leaves not bullate, not short-hispid beneath, usually broadest at
or below the middle.
Calyx 7 mm. wide or more in anthesis; corolla tube very thick
and broad ; stipules connate into a cap. Leaf blades acute
at the base, densely pubescent beneath L. crassifolia.
Calyx much narrower; corolla tube slender; stipules free or
nearly so.
Leaves densely pubescent or tomentose beneath, the pubes-
cence persistent.
FLORA OF PERU 39
Leaf blades acute at the base, oblong or obovate-oblong.
L. Riveroana.
Leaf blades rounded or subcordate at the base, broadly
oval to elliptic or rounded.
Lobes of the corolla almost equaling the tube, the corolla
less than 2 cm. long L. gavanensis.
Lobes of the corolla much shorter than the tube, the
corolla more than 3 cm. long.
Corolla 3.5 cm. long L. malacophylla.
Corolla 4.5-5 cm. long L. Carua.
Leaves glabrous or glabrate beneath except sometimes on the
veins, the pubescence, if any, chiefly deciduous.
Calyx repand-dentate or shallowly lobate, the lobes shorter
than the tube.
Leaves glabrous, paler beneath, 2-4.5 cm. wide.
L. discolor.
Leaves pubescent beneath on the veins, broader.
L. ferruginea.
Calyx deeply lobate, usually to below the middle.
Calyx lobes rounded-ovate, obtuse. . . .L. heterophylla.
Calyx lobes ovate or lanceolate, acuminate to acutish.
Hypanthium glabrous. Leaf blades 5-6.5 cm. long,
rounded-obovate, glabrous L. coriacea.
Hypanthium densely pilose or sericeous.
Corolla 2 cm. long or less.
Leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, acute at the base.
L. stenocarpa.
Leaf blades chiefly elliptic or ovate and obtuse to
rounded at the base L. magnifolia.
Corolla 3-3.5 cm. long.
Leaf blades rounded at the base; pubescence of
the hypanthium spreading. . . .L. acutifolia.
Leaf blades acute or obtuse at the base; pubescence
of the hypanthium appressed . .L. graciliflora.
Ladenbergia acutifolia (R. & P.) Klotzsch in Hayne, Arznei-
gew. 14: sub pi. 15. 1846. Cinchona acutifolia R. & P. Fl. 3: 1.
pi. 225. 1802. Cascarilla acutifolia Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10:
11. 1848. Buena acutifolia Wedd. Journ. Linn. Soc. 11: 186. 1869.
40 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
A shrub or tree 3-7 meters high, the branches glabrate; stipules
ovate, acute; leaves petiolate, the blades ovate-lanceolate to lance-
oblong, sometimes 20 cm. long, acute or acuminate, rounded at the
base, coriaceous, glabrous and shining above, pilosulous beneath on
the veins; inflorescence long-pedunculate, small, many-flowered,
the branches tomentulose, the flowers subsessile; calyx lobes lan-
ceolate; corolla white, 3 cm. long, the lobes shorter than the tube;
capsule oblanceolate, about 3 cm. long, pubescent. Negs. 136, 6642.
Huanuco: Type from Chicoplaya, Ruiz & Pavon; authentic
specimen seen in hb. Deless., and photos, ex hb. Berol. "Cascarilla."
Ladenbergia bullata (Wedd.) Standl. Trop. Woods 34: 41. 1933.
Cascarilla bullata Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10: 11. 1848. Buena
bullata Wedd. Journ. Linn. Soc. 11: 187. 1869.
A shrub or tree 3-5 meters high, the branchlets glabrate; stipules
oblong; leaves short-petiolate, the blades oblanceolate-oblong, 15-20
cm. long, 4-8 cm. wide, acute or acutish at each end, conspicuously
bullate, almost glabrous, coriaceous, shining above; panicle few-
flowered, corymbose, the branches ferruginous-pilose; calyx lobes
lanceolate; capsule oblong, 4-8 cm. long, 6-10 mm. wide, glabrate.
Negs. 127, 25714.
Puno: Described from the valleys of Tambopata and San Juan
del Oro, at 2,000-2,500 meters, Weddell; authentic material seen in
hb. Deless. Between Yuncacoya and Ramospata, Raimondi 10068.
"Cargua-cargua," "cargua-cargua chica."
Ladenbergia Garua (Wedd.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 274.
1931. Cascarilla Carua Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10: 12. 1848.
Cinchona Carua Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 4: 275. 1868-69.
Buena Carua Wedd. Journ. Linn. Soc. 11: 187. 1869.
A tree, the branchlets ferruginous- tomentose; stipules large,
obtuse or rounded, tomentose; leaves short-petiolate, the blades
oblong or oval, very large, 30-40 cm. long and more, obtuse or
acute, cordate or rounded at the base, pubescent or glabrate above,
ferruginous- tomentose beneath; panicles large, rather few-flowered,
the white flowers very fragrant; calyx teeth short, triangular;
corolla densely sericeous, 4.5-5 cm. long, the lobes more than half
as long as the tube; capsule 3.5-5 cm. long, tomentose.
Reported by Weddell from the departments of Cuzco and Puno
(Province of Carabaya). Also in Bolivia. "Cargua-cargua," "car-
gua-cargua grande." "Carua," "cascarilla de mula" (Bolivia).
FLORA OF PERU 41
Ladenbergia coriacea Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 318. 1908.
A shrub or small tree 4 meters high; stipules triangular, acute,
4-6 mm. long; leaves short-petiolate, stiff-coriaceous, the blades
rounded-obovate or broadly elliptic, 5-6 cm. long, 3-3.5 cm. wide,
obtuse to rounded and apiculate at the apex, acutish to rounded at
the base, glabrous; panicles many-flowered, rather dense; hypan-
thium glabrous, the triangular calyx lobes acute; corolla puberulent,
the tube 15-18 mm. long, the lobes oblong, 8-10 mm. long; capsule
rather broadly oblong, 15-18 mm. long, glabrous. Neg. 128.
Amazonas: Molinopampa east of Chachapoyas, 2,000-2,300
meters, Weberbauer 4331, type; photo, and fragm. seen, ex hb. Berol.
Chachapoyas, Mathews.
Ladenbergia crassifolia (Pa von) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7:
200. 1931. Cinchona crassifolia Pavon ex DC. Bibl. Univ. 41: 150.
1829; Prodr. 4: 354. 1830. Cascarilla calyptrata Wedd. Ann. Sci.
Nat. III. 10: 13. 1848. Buena crassifolia Wedd. Journ. Linn. Soc.
11: 187. 1869.
A tree, the branchlets densely ferruginous-tomentose; stipules
connate into a cap that encloses the buds; leaves petiolate, the
blades coriaceous, oblong to narrowly elliptic, mostly 15-20 cm.
long, acutish, attenuate to the base, glabrous and lustrous above,
densely puberulent beneath; panicles corymbiform, few-flowered,
the branches ferruginous-tomentose; calyx short, the broadly tri-
angular lobes acute or obtuse; corolla tube thick, densely sericeous,
2.5 cm. long, the narrow lobes slightly shorter; capsules 4-7 cm.
long, 1 cm. broad, becoming glabrate. Neg. 25716.
Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1,500 meters, Schunke 297.
Without locality, Pavdn. Also in southern Ecuador, where it was
first collected by Ruiz and Pavon in the region of Loja.
The Peruvian plant has been confused with the closely related
L. macrocarpa (Vahl) Klotzsch, and the latter has been reported
from Peru, apparently in error, the collections so reported being
really from southern Ecuador.
Ladenbergia discolor Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6:
146. 1889.
A shrub 1-4 meters high, the branchlets at first ferruginous-
tomentulose, soon glabrate; leaves short-petiolate, coriaceous, the
blades oblong or ovate-oblong, 7-10 cm. long, 2-4.5 cm. wide, acute
or subobtuse at each end, lustrous, glabrous, paler beneath; inflores-
42 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
cence dense, 4-5 cm. long, the branches pilosulous, the flowers sub-
sessile; calyx repand-dentate or undulate; corolla white, sericeous,
18 mm. long, the lobes half as long as the tube, linear, acute.
Neg. 140.
Loreto: Canela Ucsha, 1,000 meters, Vie 6767. San Martin:
Near Tarapoto, Spruce 4%47, type collection. Between Tarapoto
and Chasuta, Raimondi 1195.
Ladenbergia ferruginea Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 336. 1931.
A shrub 4 meters high, the branchlets densely ferruginous-his-
pidulous; leaves slender-petiolate, subcoriaceous, the blades oblong-
elliptic or lance-oblong, 14-25 cm. long, 5.5-9 cm. wide, acute or
short-acuminate, narrowed to the acute base, ferruginous-pilose
beneath on the veins; panicles dense and many-flowered, the branches
ferruginous- tomentose, the flowers pedicellate; calyx 3.5 mm. long,
sparsely pilose, the teeth triangular, acute or apiculate; corolla
white, appressed-pilose, the tube 10-12 mm. long, the lobes 6-7 mm.
long.
Puno: Chunchusmayo, in forest near the river, 900 meters, Weber-
bauer 1175, type.
Ladenbergia gavanensis (Schlecht.) Standl., comb. nov.
Cascarilla gavanensis Schlecht. Linnaea 26: 730. 1854.
Leaves petiolate, subcoriaceous, the blades rounded-oval, 25
cm. long or more, obtuse or rounded at each end or sometimes
acutish, densely ferruginous-tomentose beneath; panicles rather open,
many-flowered, the branches puberulent; hypanthium densely
pubescent, the calyx teeth broadly triangular, acute; corolla densely
tomentose, the tube 8 mm. long, the narrow lobes 7 mm. long.
Neg. 126.
Puno: Mountains near Sangaban, Lechler, type; photo, seen ex
hb. Berol.
The species was based upon scant material and its status is
uncertain.
Ladenbergia graciliflora Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6:
145. 1889.
A small tree, the branchlets rufous- tomentulose; stipules lance-
oblong, more than 2 cm. long, attenuate; leaves slender-petiolate,
subcoriaceous, the blades oblong or ovate, 11-13 cm. long, 5-6.5
cm. wide, acute or acuminate, obtuse or rounded at the base, lustrous,
at first puberulent but soon glabrate; panicles 6-8 cm. long, dense,
FLORA OF PERU 43
many-flowered, the branches puberulent, the flowers short-pedicel-
late; calyx lobes triangular-lanceolate, glabrous or nearly so; corolla
white, 3-3.5 cm. long, tomentulose, the narrow lobes less than half
as long as the tube; capsule linear, glabrous, 4-5 cm. long. Negs.
154, 141.
San Martin: Near Tarapoto, Spruce 4581, type collection. Also
in Goyaz, Brazil.
Ladenbergia heterophylla (Wedd.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot.
7: 18. 1930. Cascarilla heterophylla Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10:
10. 1848. Buena heterophylla Wedd. Journ. Linn. Soc. 11: 186. 1869.
Branchlets pubescent; stipules ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse;
leaves short-petiolate, submembranaceous, the blades rounded-
ovate, 10-30 cm. long, obtuse or acutish, glabrate above, pilosulous
beneath in the axils of the nerves; panicle corymbose, the branches
tomentulose; calyx lobes rounded-ovate, obtuse; corolla twice as
long as the calyx, tomentulose; capsule 10-15 cm. long, 12-15 mm.
wide.
Reported by Weddell from Peru, without indication of the local-
ity; also in Colombia.
I have seen no material representative of this species.
Ladenbergia magnifolia (R. & P.) Klotzsch in Hayne, Arz-
neigew. 14: sub. pi. 15. 1846. Cinchona magnifolia R. & P. Fl. 2:
53. pi. 196. 1799. Cinchona grandifolia Poir. Encycl. 6: 38. 1804.
Cinchona caduciflora H. & B. PI. Aequin. 168. 1813. Cascarilla
magnifolia, C. caduciflora, C. rostrata Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10:
10. 1848. Cascarilla magnifolia var. vulgaris, var. caduciflora, var.
rostrata Wedd. Hist. Nat. Quinq. 79. 1849. Cinchona lutescens Ruiz
ex Vitm. Summa, Suppl. 1: 262. 1802.
A small or medium-sized tree with cinnamon-brown bark;
stipules 2-3 cm. long, acute, sericeous; leaves long-petiolate, cori-
aceous, the blades elliptic to oblong-ovate, 10-30 cm. long, 7-20 cm.
wide, acute or obtuse, acute to rounded at the base, glabrous above
and often shining, beneath pubescent or usually almost glabrate but
barbellate in the axils of the nerves; panicles usually large and open,
many-flowered; calyx lobes triangular-ovate, acute, tomentulose;
corolla white or pink, sericeous, 1.5 cm. long, the lobes about equaling
the tube; capsule linear-oblong or lanceolate, 2.5-7 cm. long, 7-10
mm. broad, glabrate. Negs. 156-158, 575.
Huanuco: Described from Chinchao, Cochero, and Chacahuasi,
Ruiz & Pavdn; authentic material seen, ex hb. Berol. Posuso, 600
44 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
meters, 4705. Cajamarca: Jae"n, Humboldt & Bonpland, type
material of C. caduciflora; seen in hb. Deless. Junin: La Merced,
1,200 meters, 5759, 5725. Chanchamayo Valley, 1,500 meters,
Schunke 270. Loreto: Balsapuerto, 220 meters, Klug 3035. Puma-
yacu, Klug 3142. Iquitos, in forest, Williams 3781. Mishuyacu,
Klug 1345, 1387; Killip & Smith 29952. San Martin: Tarapoto,
Mt. Campana, Spruce 484$- Bolivia to Colombia. "Cascarilla boba,"
"cascarilla amarilla," "cascarilla flor de azahar."
The tree once was believed to furnish quinine, but it was found
later that its bark possessed no value as a drug. The tree is said
to be highly ornamental when covered with its handsome white
flowers, which exhale an odor suggestive of orange or jasmine
blossoms.
Ladenbergia malacophylla Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 157.
1930.
A tree 6-12 meters high, the branchlets densely tomentose; leaves
petiolate, firm-membranaceous, the blades broadly oval or elliptic,
22-26 cm. long, 14-18 cm. wide, obtuse or almost rounded at the
apex, broadly rounded or shallowly cordate at the base, pilosulous
above, velutinous-pilose beneath; panicles rather large and many-
flowered, the branches fulvous-tomentose, the flowers sessile or
short-pedicellate; hypanthium densely pilose, the calyx 2-2.5 mm.
long, the lobes ovate or triangular, acute or subobtuse; corolla white,
densely sericeous, the slender tube 22-24 mm. long, the lobes half
as long; capsule oblong, 2.5-4.5 cm. long, sparsely puberulent or
pilosulous.
Junin: Porvenir, Pichis Trail, in dense forest, 1,500-1,900 meters,
Killip & Smith 25914, type; 25434- Ecuador.
Ladenbergia pedunculata (Karst.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras.
6, pt. 6: 146. 1889. Cinchona pedunculata Karst. in Koch & Fint.
Wochenschr. 2: 30. 1859; Karst. Fl. Columb. 1: 53. pi. 36. 1859.
Remijia pedunculata Flueck. Chinarinde 17. pi. 6. 1883.
A small tree 3-4.5 meters high, the young branches sericeous;
stipules obovate, sericeous-pilose; leaves petiolate, coriaceous,
the blades lanceolate to elliptic or ovate, 6-17 cm. long, 3-8 cm. wide,
acuminate, at the base attenuate to subcordate, when young minutely
appressed-pilose, pilose beneath in the axils of the nerves; inflores-
cences terminal and axillary, long-pedunculate, the branches pilo-
sulous, the flowers subsessile; calyx lobes ovate or subulate, glabrous,
sometimes ciliate; corolla white, 7-10 mm. long, appressed-pilose,
FLORA OF PERU 45
the lobes equaling the tube; capsules 1-2 cm. long, 6 mm. broad,
glabrous.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4263. Also in Colombia.
Ladenbergia Riveroana (Wedd.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 201.
1931. Cinchona oblongifolia Lamb. 111. Cinch. 12. 1821, non Mutis,
1793. Cascarilla Riveroana Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10: 11. 1848.
A tree, the branchlets ferruginous-tomentose or finally glabrate;
stipules ovate-oblong, tomentose; leaves thin-coriaceous, short-
petiolate, the blades oblong-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, 15-25 cm.
long, 9-15 cm. wide, acute at each end or more rarely obtuse, puberu-
lent or glabrate above, tomentose or puberulent beneath, with rusty
pubescence; panicles rather large and many-flowered, ferruginous-
tomentose; hypanthium tomentose, the calyx teeth ovate, acutish,
tomentulose; corolla pilose, the tube 7-15 mm. long, the lobes 6-8
mm. long; capsule linear-lanceolate, 4-6 cm. long, ferruginous-
tomentose. Neg. 113.
Junin: Huacapistana, 1,800-2,400 meters, Killip & Smith 24214,
a shrub or tree 3-3.5 meters high. San Martin: Zepelacio, 1,200-
1,600 meters, Klug 3515. Bolivia to Ecuador. "Azahar macho,"
"azahar hembra."
Klug describes the species as a tree of 5 meters with white flowers.
Ladenbergia stenocarpa (Lamb.) Klotzsch in Hayne, Arz-
neigew. 14: sub pi. 15. 1846. Cinchona stenocarpa Lamb. 111. Cinch.
13. 1821. Cascarilla stenocarpa Wedd. Hist. Nat. Quinq. 81. 1849.
Buena stenocarpa Wedd. Journ. Linn. Soc. 11: 186. 1869.
Branchlets glabrate; stipules ovate; leaves short-petiolate, sub-
membranaceous, the blades oblong-lanceolate, acute at each end,
12-15 cm. long, glabrous or pilose beneath along the costa; panicle
open, many-flowered, the branches puberulent; hypanthium tomentu-
lose, the calyx teeth ovate, acutish; corolla puberulent, the tube 13-
15 mm. long, the lobes 9-10 mm. long; capsule linear, 3.5 cm. long.
Neg. 135.
Cajamarca: Type from Jae"n, Pavdn; photo, of authentic material
seen, ex hb. Berol. "Cascarilla azaharito."
12. C API RON A Spruce
Trees with large stipules; leaves large, opposite, petiolate;
inflorescence terminal, paniculate, the flowers showy, 5-parted,
zygomorphic; calyx cupular, 5-dentate, one of the teeth often
46 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
expanded into a large, foliaceous, colored limb; corolla somewhat
gibbous from a tubular base, the limb campanulate and subbilabiate,
the short lobes contorted in bud ; stamens inserted above the base of
the tube, the filaments villous at the base, the anthers linear; capsule
clavate or obovate, 2-celled, septicidally bivalvate; seeds numerous,
winged.
Capirona decorticans Spruce, Journ. Linn. Soc. 3: 200. 1859;
Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 195. pi. 107. 1888.
A tree 13-16 meters high with reddish brown bark; stipules more
or less foliaceous, acute or acuminate, 3-6 cm. long; leaves almost
sessile, oblong to oval, 22-45 cm. long, obtuse or short-acuminate,
very obtuse to subcordate at the base, almost glabrous; panicles
15-20 cm. long or more; calyx 3-4 mm. long, the expanded lobe obo-
vate-spatulate, 5-7 cm. long, red, attenuate at the base; corolla
2.5-3 cm. long, the lobes ovate, obtuse; capsule 2-3 cm. long, woody.
"Capirona negra."
San Martin: Near Tarapoto, Spruce 4202, type collection.
Tarapoto, in forest, Williams 6070. Also in Colombia.
13. HILLIA Jacq.
Shrubs, usually epiphytic, glabrous, with thick branches; stipules
membranaceous, caducous; leaves opposite, fleshy, drying thick and
hard; flowers large and showy, solitary or clustered, surrounded by
an involucre of leaves or bracts, 4-6-parted ; calyx none or composed
of 2-6 free or short-connate segments, persistent or caducous; corolla
salverform or funnelform-tubular, the lobes contorted, the throat
glabrous; stamens inserted below the throat of the corolla, included,
the anthers oblong; fruit a cylindric capsule, somewhat attenuate
at each end, septicidally bivalvate; seeds fusiform, bearing a tuft of
hairs at one end.
Leaves small, mostly 7-8 mm. wide -. H. Macbridei.
Leaves comparatively large, commonly 2-8 cm. wide.
Corolla tube conspicuously dilated in the throat and 1.5-2.5 cm.
wide ; calyx lobes persistent.
Leaf blades rounded or very obtuse at the base, mostly 2-3.5 cm.
wide; corolla about 4 cm. long H. Ulei.
Leaf blades acute at the base, 4-7 cm. wide; corolla about 5.5
cm. long H. illustris.
Corolla tube slender, scarcely dilated in the throat and less than
1 cm. wide; calyx lobes deciduous.
FLORA OF PERU 47
Veins of the leaves conspicuous; lobes of the corolla about half
as long as the tube H. Killipii.
Veins of the leaves obscure or obsolete; lobes of the corolla less
than one-third as long as the tube.
Leaf blades elliptic or oblong-elliptic, rounded to acute at the
base H. parasitica.
Leaf blades narrowly oblanceolate-oblong, attenuate to the
base H. Weberbaueri.
Hillia illustris (Veil.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 202.
1889. Saldanha illustris Veil. Fl. Flum. 3: pi. 157. 1827; text, ed.
Netto 134.
Leaves short-petiolate, thick and hard when dried, the blades
elliptic or broadly elliptic-ovate, 10-16 cm. long, abruptly acuminate;
flowers solitary, subtended by 2 large stipules, these 1.5-2 cm. long,
obtuse; calyx lobes 6, linear-subulate, herbaceous, 1.5-2 cm. long;
corolla white, the short lobes ovate-rounded, recurved; capsule 10
cm. long and 1 cm. thick. Neg. 234.
Loreto: Rio Itaya, in forest, Williams 99. Extending to Brazil
and the Guianas.
Hillia Killipii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 159. 1930.
Described as a tree 3-4.5 meters high; stipules narrowly oblong,
rounded at the apex, 2.5 cm. long; petioles slender, 1-1.5 cm. long;
leaf blades comparatively thin, elliptic-oblong, 7.5-9.5 cm. long,
3-3.5 cm. wide, abruptly long-acuminate, acute at the base; flowers
terminal, solitary, sessile, subtended by 2 stipules; calyx obsolete;
corolla white, the slender tube 8 cm. long, the 6 lobes lance-linear,
4-4.5 cm. long.
Junin: Between San Nicolas and Azupizu, in dense forest, 650-
900 meters, Killip & Smith 26085, type. Loreto: Pumayacu,
100-600 meters, a liana on a tree, Klug 3145.
Hillia Macbridei Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 277. 1929.
A small epiphytic shrub; stipules lanceolate or linear-lanceolate,
caducous, 1.5-2 cm. long; petioles 3-5 mm. long; leaf blades lanceo-
late, 2-3 cm. long, narrowed to the subobtuse apex, acute at base,
the veins obsolete; flowers terminal, solitary, sessile; calyx persistent,
the 5 lobes oblong-ovate, obtuse, 5 mm. long; capsule narrowly
clavate, 5.5-6.5 cm. long, 1 cm. wide.
48 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Junin: La Merced, 1,200 meters, Macbride 5760, type. Chan-
chamayo Valley, 1,500 meters, Schunke 436. Above San Ramon,
1,300-1,700 meters, Schunke AlOO.
Hillia parasitica Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 18. 1760. Cosmibuena
acuminata R. & P. Fl. 3: 4. pi. 226. 1802. Buena acuminata DC.
Prodr. 4: 356. 1830. H. odorata Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 321. 1908.
A glabrous, epiphytic shrub, sometimes as much as 2 meters high,
with stout branches; stipules 8-12 mm. long or more, obtuse; pet-
ioles thick, 2-7 mm. long; leaf blades mostly 5-11 cm. long, short-
acuminate; flowers solitary, sessile; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate,
obtuse, 4 mm. long; corolla white, the tube 6.5-12 cm. long, the 6
lobes linear-lanceolate to oblong; capsule cylindric, 7-9 cm. long.
Negs. 235, 236 (H. odorata}.
Amazonas: East of Chachapoyas, Weberbauer 4364- Huanuco:
Type of Cosmibuena acuminata from Chicoplaya, Ruiz & Pavon.
Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, Schunke 290. Huacapistana, 1,800
meters, Weberbauer 2152, type of H. odorata (photo, and fragm. seen,
ex hb. Berol.). Ranging to Brazil, Mexico, and the West Indies.
Hillia Ulei Krause, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 50: 97. 1908.
A glabrous epiphyte with stout branches; leaves short-petiolate,
the blades broadly ovate or elliptic, 4-6.5 cm. long, obtusely short-
acuminate or acute, rather conspicuously palmate-nerved, very
thick; flowers terminal, solitary, pedicellate; calyx lobes 6, linear,
10-12 mm. long; corolla grass-green, the tube gradually narrowed
from throat to base, the lobes short and broad ; capsule 8-10 cm. long.
Neg. 237.
Loreto: Near Yurimaguas, Ule 6303, type (photo, and fragm.
seen ex hb. Berol.). Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, Klug
1182.
Hillia Weberbaueri Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 214. 1936.
A glabrous epiphyte with stout branches; stipules oblong,
obtuse, 18 mm. long; leaves short-petiolate, the blades narrowly
oblanceolate-oblong, 8.5-13.5 cm. long, 2.5-3.5 cm. wide, abruptly
rather long-acuminate, long-attenuate to the base, with about 8
pairs of lateral nerves; flowers terminal, solitary; calyx none or
caducous; corolla 6-parted, the very slender tube 7 cm. long, the
lobes oblong, obtuse, 1.5 cm. long.
Without locality: Weberbauer 6955, type.
FLORA OF PERU 49
14. COSMIBUENA R. & P.
Glabrous shrubs, usually epiphytic, often scandent; stipules
caducous; leaves opposite, thick and fleshy; flowers large and
showy, pedicellate, solitary or clustered, 5-6-parted; calyx 5-6-
lobate, circumscissile at the base; corolla salverform, the lobes
contorted, fleshy, the tube rather slender and much elongate; stamens
inserted below the throat of the corolla, the anthers linear; capsule
oblong or cylindric, 2-celled; seeds numerous, oblong or lanceolate,
winged, the wings fimbriate or erose at the apex.
Cosmibuena grandiflora (R. & P.) Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot.
Card. 4: 368. 1907. Cinchona grandiflora R. & P. Fl. 2: 54. pi.
198. 1799. C. obtusifolia R. & P. Fl. 3: 3. pi. 198. 1802. Buena
obtusifolia DC. Prodr. 4: 356. 1830.
A small or large, epiphytic shrub; leaves on stout petioles, the
blades elliptic to obovate, 8-13 cm. long or larger, rounded at the
apex, acute at the base, very thick, the nerves inconspicuous; calyx
10-12 mm. long, tubular below, soon deciduous; disk large and
conspicuous; corolla white, the tube 6-9 cm. long, the lobes oblong,
obtuse, about 2.5 cm. long; capsule 4-5 cm. long. Neg. 240.
Huanuco: Type from Posuso, Ruiz & Pavon. Monzon, 900
meters, Weberbauer 3502. Junin: Reported by Ruiz and Pavon
from Pueblo Nuevo de San Antonio de Chicoplaya. Loreto:
Moyobamba, 800 meters, Weberbauer JtflS. San Martin: Near
Tarapoto, Spruce 4179. Department uncertain: Without locality,
Pavdn; Maclean. Ranging from Colombia to Bolivia.
15. CALYCOPHYLLUM DC.
Trees with opposite leaves; stipules caducous; flowers small,
4-8-parted, arranged in terminal cymes, the bracts and bractlets
large and membranaceous and enclosing the buds; calyx almost
obsolete or of short segments, one of the segments in some of the
flowers often expanded into a large, colored limb; corolla short-
funnelform, lobed to the middle or more deeply, the segments
imbricate in bud, the throat villous; stamens inserted in the throat,
long-exserted ; capsule costate, elongate, 2-celled, septicidally bival-
vate; seeds small, winged.
Calycophyllum Spruceanum (Benth.) Hook. f. ex Schum. in
Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 191. pi. 106. 1889. Eukylista Spruceana
Benth. Kew Card. Misc. 5: 230. 1853.
50 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
A tree 15-27 meters high, with brown bark; leaves petiolate,
the blades oblong to oblong-ovate, acute or obtuse, acute to obtuse
at the base, 9-17 cm. long, minutely puberulent beneath at first but
soon glabrate, barbate in the axils of the nerves; cymes dense and
many-flowered, the inflorescences at first wholly enclosed by the
thin bracts; calyx 6-9-dentate, the lobes all minute; corolla white,
6-7 mm. long, the lobes spreading; hypanthium densely white-
pilosulous; capsule oblong, 8-11 mm. long, densely appressed-
pilose. Neg. 8601.
Loreto: La Victoria on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 3010,
2855. Lower Rio Nanay, Williams 455. Iquitos, Williams 8033.
Yurimaguas, Williams 4486. Rio Huallaga, Spruce. Rio Ucayali,
Tessmann 3378. Balsapuerto, 220 meters, Klug 3005. Rancho
Indiana, 110 meters, Mexia 6458. Florida, Rio Putumayo, riverside
forest, 180 meters, Klug 2190. Fortaleza, 140 meters, Klug 2814.
Also in eastern Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil.
"Capirona." Huber reports the tree as common along the
lower Ucayali, where it forms forests known as capironales. The
Brazilian name is "pao mulato." The wood is said to be strong,
yellowish blackish, and useful for making various utensils and for
construction purposes. It also is used extensively as firewood. Mrs.
Mexia states that the bark is glossy and dark red, and that the
flowers are slightly fragrant.
16. LORETOA Standl.
Large, glabrous trees; stipules large, persistent; leaves opposite,
petiolate, coriaceous; flowers large, 5-parted, sessile or pedicellate,
arranged in a large, terminal, sessile panicle composed of numerous
open cymes; calyx cupular, shallowly 5-6-dentate, densely sericeous
within; corolla clavate-funnelform, the short lobes contorted; anthers
basiflxed, on slender filaments inserted above the base of the tube;
ovary 2-celled, the ovules peltately imbricate, winged. The genus
consists of a single known species.
Loretoa peruviana Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 222. 1936.
A tree 20 meters high; stipules 3.5 cm. long, very obtuse or
acutish; leaf blades broadly elliptic or suborbicular, 15-18 cm.
long, 12 cm. wide, rounded at the apex, very obtuse or rounded at
the base; panicle 25 cm. long, with numerous large, spreading bracts,
the pedicels bracteolate; calyx 3 mm. high and 7-10 mm. wide;
corolla rose-garnet, almost 4 cm. long, the tube 12 mm. wide near the
middle, the rounded lobes 8 mm. long.
FLORA OF PERU . 51
Loreto: Florida on the Rio Putumayo, 200 meters, in forest,
King 2022, type.
Called "meta guais." The fruit of this tree is not known, and
there is consequently some doubt regarding the proper position of the
genus.
17. FERDINANDUSA Pohl
Trees or shrubs, glabrous or sparsely pubescent; stipules caducous;
leaves opposite, often coriaceous, short-petiolate; flowers 4-5-
parted, cymose-paniculate; calyx cupular, shortly dentate; corolla
funnelform, the lobes sometimes recurved, bifid at the apex, con-
torted in bud, glabrous; anthers sessile, exserted or included; ovary
turbinate or oblong, 2-celled ; capsule globose to cylindric, bisulcate,
bivalvate from the apex; seeds winged.
Corolla tube 3-4.5 cm. long; leaves with short scattered hairs on the
lower surface F. loretensis.
Corolla tube less than 1.5 cm. long; leaves glabrous. . .F. chlorantha.
Ferdinandusa chlorantha (Wedd.) Standl. Trop. Woods
34: 41. 1933. Gomphosia chlorantha Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10:
14. 1848. G. laxiflora Benth. in Hook. Kew Journ. 5: 232. 1853. F.
andina Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 1: 78. 1854.
A shrub or tree 3-20 meters high or more, glabrous throughout;
stipules lanceolate; leaves very shortly petiolate, the blades coria-
ceous, ovate to oblong, 7-12 cm. long, acuminate, rounded to acutish
at the base; panicles small and dense, leafy at the base; calyx lobes
very short, acute or acuminate; corolla glabrous, white or greenish,
the lobes short, rounded; capsule oblong, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, 5-7 mm.
wide. Neg. 249.
Loreto: Forest between Rio Nanay and Rio Napo, Williams
697. Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, in forest, Killip & Smith
29902; King 294, 139.Puno: Province of Carabaya, Weddell (photo,
of type seen, ex hb. Berol.). Perhaps also in Bolivia.
"Louro-micuna," "guacamayo." It is somewhat uncertain
whether the tree of Loreto (which seems to be F. Paxii Winkl.) is
really identical with F. chlorantha, but a reading of Weddell's descrip-
tions and examination of a photograph of the type reveal no impor-
tant differences. Weddell states that the tree. is a typical one of the
regions in which it grows, its clean, silvery trunk rising well above
the surrounding trees.
52 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Ferdinandusa loretensis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 337. 1931.
A tree 6 meters high, the branchlets sparsely puberulent or
glabrate; leaves coriaceous, short-petiolate, the blades oblong-
elliptic, 11-15 cm. long, abruptly short-acuminate, rounded at the
base or abruptly contracted; inflorescence small and few-flowered,
short-pedunculate, the flowers pedicellate; calyx teeth triangular,
acute; corolla white, glabrous, the 4 lobes 8-10 mm. long; capsule
oblanceolate-oblong, 3.8 cm. long, 1.4 cm. wide.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, in forest, Klug
1348, type.
18. EXOSTEMA Rich.
Shrubs or trees; stipules distinct or short-connate, persistent or
deciduous; leaves opposite, petiolate; flowers small or large, axillary
and solitary or arranged in panicles, 5-6-parted ; calyx campanulate,
lobate; corolla salverform or funnelform, the tube long or much
elongate, glabrous or pilose in the throat, the lobes linear, imbricate
in bud; stamens exserted, the anthers linear; capsule 2-celled, cori-
aceous or woody, cylindric to obovate, septicidally bivalvate; seeds
imbricate, winged.
Corolla 10-12 cm. long E. maynense.
Corolla 1.5-2.5 cm. long.
Leaf blades truncate or subcordate at the base . . . . E. peruvianum.
Leaf blades mostly acute or acutish at the base . .E. corymbosum.
Exostema bicolor P. & E. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 32. 1845.
A small tree; leaf blades very broadly ovate or elliptic, acuminate,
about 10 cm. long and 7.5 cm. wide, glabrous; flowers pubescent, in
terminal, trichotomous corymbs; calyx lobes linear; corolla purplish
green, pubescent, about 2.5 cm. long, the lobes oblong, equaling the
tube; capsule rounded, compressed. Neg. 8603.
Huanuco: Type from Cerro San Cristobal, near Cochero,
Poeppig. Without locality: Poeppig 1352 (probably the original
collection).
The species is not included in the key because I am unable to
separate it, by description, from E. peruvianum and E. corymbosum.
Probably it is not specifically distinct from E. peruvianum.
Exostema corymbosum (R. & P.) Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 706.
1825. Portlandia corymbosa R. & P. Fl. 2: 49. pi. 190, j. a. 1799.
FLORA OF PERU 53
A tree 4-6 meters high ; leaves short-petiolate, subcoriaceous, the
blades ovate to oblong, mostly 7-10 cm. long, acute or acuminate,
glabrous or sparsely pubescent beneath; flowers in terminal, leafy,
many-flowered corymbs; calyx lobes elongate, linear; corolla white or
purplish white, pubescent outside, about 2 cm. long, the lobes linear,
equaling the tube; capsule ferruginous, 8 mm. long. Neg. 8602.
Cajamarca: Province of Hualgayoc, Weberbauer 1+166. Huan-
cavelica: Tayacaja, Weberbauer 6482. Huanuco: Described from
Chaclla and Muna, Ruiz & Pavdn. Mufia, 2,100 meters, dry steep
slope, 3972.
Exostema maynense P. & E. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 31. 1845.
A tree, sometimes 20 meters high, with red wood ; leaves petiolate,
rather thin, oblong to broadly ovate, acuminate, glabrous, 7-15
cm. long; flowers cymose-corymbose, terminal; calyx 5-6-dentate,
the teeth broad, short-acuminate; corolla 10-12 cm. long, the lobes
linear, one-third as long as the tube; capsule obovoid, acute at the
base, 3 cm. long. Neg. 251.
Loreto: Forests of Mainas near Yurimaguas, Poeppig (photo, of
type seen, ex hb. Berol.). Mainas, Poeppig D2392. Middle Mara-
fion, Tessmann 4888. Balsapuerto, 220 meters, Klug 3064; a tree of
15 meters with white flowers. Without locality: Poeppig 3076,
probably the type collection.
"Puca yanta." Poeppig reports that the very bitter bark was
used in domestic medicine. The flowers are said to have the odor
of orange blossoms.
Exostema peruvianum Humb. & Bonpl. PI. Aequin. 1: 133. pi.
38. 1808.
A shrub 3-3.5 meters high, the trunk 10 cm. in diameter; leaves
ovate or broadly oblong, coriaceous, acute, 5-7.5 cm. long, glabrous,
the upper ones sessile and cordate at the base; flowers fragrant,
in dense, leafy, terminal corymbs; calyx lobes lanceolate, acute;
corolla pink, pubescent, 2 cm. long, the lobes linear, spreading, equal-
ing the tube. Neg. 563.
Huanuco: Casapi, Mathews 1450. Type from the Andes of Peru
(photo, seen, ex hb. Berol.). Department uncertain: Callcate,
Jelski 366.
Probably this is not distinct from E. corymbosum.
54 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
19. COUTAREA Aubl.
Shrubs or trees, the branches with conspicuous elevated lenticels;
stipules persistent; leaves opposite, short-petiolate, rather thin;
inflorescence terminal or axillary, the flowers mostly solitary or
ternate, usually large and showy, asymmetric, 5-8-parted; calyx
cupular, lobate; corolla tubular-campanulate, often gibbous and
somewhat bilabiate, the lobes contorted or imbricate, the throat
glabrous; stamens inserted at the base of the tube, included or
exserted, the anthers linear; capsule compressed contrary to the
partition, obovate, woody or coriaceous; seeds broadly winged.
Coutarea hexandra (Jacq.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6:
196. 1889. Portlandia hexandra Jacq. Sel. Stirp. 63. pi. 182, f. 20.
1763. C. speciosa Aubl. PI. Guian. 1: 314. pi. 122. 1775. Bignonia
triflora Pav. ex DC. Prodr. 9: 148. 1845, in syn.
A shrub or small tree; leaves lanceolate to ovate or elliptic,
mostly 7-13 cm. long, acute or acuminate, acute to rounded at the
base, nearly glabrous; flowers chiefly in terminal clusters of 2-3;
corolla whitish or greenish, 4-5 cm. long; capsules 2-3.5 cm. long,
broadly rounded at the apex, marked with numerous pale lenticels.
Loreto: Rio Masana, Williams 158. Without locality, Pavdn;
type material of Bignonia triflora. Widely distributed in tropical
America.
The bark is bitter, and in some regions it has been employed in
domestic medicine as a substitute for quinine. In Brazil the species
is called "quina do Piauhy," "quina do Pernambuco," and "murta
do mato."
Coutarea hexandra var. tarapotensis Schum. (in Mart. Fl. Bras.
6, pt. 6: 198. 1889) was based upon Spruce 4&43 from Tarapoto. It is
merely a form with unusually large leaves.
20. POGONOPUS Klotzsch
Shrubs or trees; stipules almost free, deciduous; leaves opposite,
herbaceous, petiolate; flowers showy, in opposite-branched panicles,
5-parted ; calyx tubular, lobate, one of the lobes often expanded into
a large, brightly colored limb; corolla tubular, the short lobes
valvate in bud, the tube somewhat curved, pilose within above the
base; stamens inserted in the upper part of the tube, unequal, the
anthers sagittate; capsule subglobose, 2-celled, loculicidally bival-
vate; seeds numerous, minute, horizontal, compressed and marginate.
FLORA OF PERU 55
Pogonopus tubulosus (DC.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6,
pt. 6: 265. 1889. Calycophyllum tubulosum DC. Prodr. 4: 367. 1830.
A shrub or tree 2-5 meters high or larger; leaves short-petiolate,
the blades ovate, obovate, or elliptic, large, short-acuminate, densely
pubescent or glabrate; stipules 3-4 mm. long; calyx 2 mm. long, the
lobes subulate; corolla pale lilac, 3.5 cm. long, minutely puberulent or
glabrate; enlarged sepal with a rounded, pink blade as much as 12.5
cm. broad ; capsule woody, 7 mm. long.
Cuzco: Chanchamayo, Lares Valley, 1,000 meters, Weberbauer
7940. Junin: La Merced, 700 meters, in thickets, Killip & Smith
23811. Madre de Dios: Seringal San Francisco, Rio Acre, Ule
9848. Also in Brazil, Bolivia, and Argentina. "Quina" (Bolivia).
The tree is an exceedingly showy one when in flower, because of
the enlarged and brilliantly colored calyx lobes.
21. CONDAMINEA DC.
Shrubs or trees; stipules often bipartite; leaves opposite, often
large and coriaceous; flowers mostly large, 5-parted, disposed in
large, terminal panicles; calyx campanulate, truncate or dentate,
deciduous; corolla salverform, pubescent in the throat, the lobes
valvate; stamens inserted in the corolla throat, the filaments subulate,
pilose at the base; capsule usually pyriform and truncate at the
apex, bisulcate, loculicidally bivalvate, more or less woody; seeds
horizontal, minute, angled, compressed.
Calyx scarcely 1 mm. long. Leaves petiolate C. microcarpa.
Calyx 5-7 mm. long.
Leaves sessile or nearly so, acuminate C. corymbosa.
Leaves long-petiolate, very obtuse C. macrophylla.
Condaminea corymbosa (R. & P.) DC. Prodr. 4: 402. 1830;
Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 257. pi. 124. 1889. Macrocnemum
corymbosum R. & P. Fl. 2: 48. pi. 189. 1799.
A shrub or small tree 1-6 meters high, glabrous or nearly so, with
stout branches; leaves mostly sessile and clasping, oblong to obovate,
20-60 cm. long or larger, cordate at the base, coriaceous; cymes
corymb-like, large, long-stalked, many-flowered; corolla 2.5 cm. long,
reddish outside, whitish or cream-colored within; capsules about
1.7 cm. long, obtuse or acutish at the base. Neg. 567.
Huanuco: Described from Chinchao, Acomayo, Pillao, and
Muna, Ruiz & Pavdn. Yanano, 1,800 meters, open hillside, 3662.
56 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Pampayacu, Kanehira 107. Junin: Huacapistana, 2,000 meters,
Killip & Smith 24130. Chanchamayo, Martinet 1412. La Merced,
700 meters, wooded valley, Killip & Smith 23506. San Martin:
San Roque, 1,400 meters, in forest, Williams 7794- Bolivia to
Panama.
"Sauco" (Williams) ; "ccaratu" (Ruiz & Pavon). Ruiz and Pavon
state that the bark, although not very bitter, was used as an adulter-
ant of cinchona bark.
Condaminea corymbosa var. pubescens Spruce ex Schum. in
Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 258. 1889. C. angustifolia Rusby, Mem.
Torrey Club 6: 45. 1896.
Leaves densely and finely pubescent beneath, often short-petiolate;
inflorescence finely and densely pubescent.
Ayacucho: Carrapa, 1,000 meters, wooded hillside, Killip &
Smith 22449. Cuzco: San Miguel, Urubamba Valley, 1,800 meters,
Cook & Gilbert 913. San Martin: Near Tarapoto, Spruce 4579, type.
Zepelacio, 1,100 meters, a tree of 5 meters, Klug 3672. Also in
Bolivia.
Condaminea glabrata DC. Prodr. 4: 402. 1830. Macrocnemum
glabratum Bartl. ex DC. loc. cit. as syn.
Leaves obovate, short-acuminate, cuneate-attenuate at the base,
glabrous; panicle glabrous, the flowers glomerate.
Huanuco: Type from the mountains of Huanuco, Haenke.
The species is known to the writer only from the brief original
description.
Condaminea macrophylla P. & E. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 30. 1845.
A tree 10-13 meters high; leaves long-petiolate, the blades oval,
30-40 cm. long, about 25 cm. wide, very obtuse, rounded or cordate
at the base, glabrous; inflorescence 20-30 cm. long, the flowers
pedicellate; calyx irregularly dentate, sericeous within.
Loreto: Type from forests of Yurimaguas, Poeppig 2463.
Schumann (in Mart. Fl. Bras.) states that this plant may be a
Rustia rather than a Condaminea.
Condaminea microcarpa (R. & P.) DC. Prodr. 4: 402. 1830.
Macrocnemum microcarpum R. & P. Fl. 2: 49. pi. 188, f. a. 1799.
A slender shrub or small tree; leaves petiolate, the blades elliptic
or oblong-elliptic, obtusely acuminate, obtuse at the base, glabrous
above, short-pilose beneath; flowers racemose-paniculate, sessile,
FLORA OF PERU 57
clustered; bracts ovate, obtuse, ciliate; corolla small, white; calyx
cupular, 0.8 mm. long, shallowly dentate; capsule turbinate or oval,
3.5-4 mm. long, the seeds minute.
Huanuco: Described from Chinchao and Cochero, Ruiz & Pavdn.
Although I have seen a specimen of this species, in the Delessert
Herbarium, I am doubtful as to its proper generic position. It is
scarcely a species of Condaminea.
Condaminea venosa (R. & P.) DC. Prodr. 4: 402. 1830.
Macrocnemum venosum R. & P. Fl. 2: 49. pi 190, f. b. 1799.
A shrub 3.5 meters high; leaves petiolate, the blades oblong-
elliptic, acutely acuminate, conspicuously nerved, puberulent on the
nerves; flowers small, white, sessile, in terminal panicles.
Cuzco: Acomayo and Pati, Pavdn.
Scarcely a true Condaminea; perhaps a species of Chimarrhis.
22. CHIMARRHIS Jacq.
Trees; stipules interpetiolar, acuminate, caducous; leaves oppo-
site, short-petiolate; flowers very small, in pedunculate, axillary,
corymbiform panicles, 5-parted; calyx cupuliform, dentate or
truncate; corolla short-funnelform, the lobes valvate, usually
longer than the tube, villous within; stamens inserted in the corolla
throat, the filaments elongate, villous below, the anthers dorsifixed ;
capsule small, oblong or subglobose, 2-celled, septicidally dehiscent;
seeds numerous, minute, horizontal, angulate, reticulate, margined.
Calyx deeply dentate; leaves not barbate beneath in the axils of the
nerves C. dioica.
Calyx shallowly dentate; leaves barbate beneath in the axils of the
nerves.
Stipules glabrous; calyx and hypanthium minutely puberulent.
C. Hookeri.
Stipules densely sericeous outside; calyx and hypanthium glabrous.
C. Williamsii.
Chimarrhis dioica Schum. & Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 312. 1908.
A shrub 3 meters high, probably also a tree ; leaves short-petiolate,
the blades oblong or oblong-elliptic, 8-20 cm. long, 4-12 cm. wide,
acuminate, acute at the base, often bullate and with strongly im-
pressed veins, pilose or subtomentose beneath on the veins; flowers
"dioecious," in panicles 3-6 cm. long; calyx lobes ovate, acute,
58 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
glabrous; corolla yellowish green, glabrous, rotate, 4-5 mm. long;
capsule subglobose, 3 mm. long. Neg. 6.
Cajamarca: Shanyu, Raimondi 4501, 6111, 4842; Jelski 376.
Also in Colombia and Ecuador.
Chimarrhis Hookeri Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 259.
1889.
Stipules 1-3 cm. long; leaves petiolate, the blades oblong or
obovate-oblong, 10-20 cm. long, acute or subobtuse, acute at the
base, glabrous except in the axils of the nerves, subcoriaceous;
inflorescences chiefly terminal, ferruginous- tomentulose; calyx ob-
scurely 5-dentate; corolla glabrous, 2 mm. long, the lobes very short,
obtuse. Neg. 22786.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4930, type collection.
Chimarrhis Williamsii Standl. Field Mus. Hot. 8: 162. 1930.
A tree as much as 25 meters high, with a trunk 50 cm. in diameter,
the young branchlets sericeous or glabrate; stipules 13-15 mm. long;
leaves petiolate, the blades obovate, 5-11 cm. long, acute or short-
acuminate, cuneately narrowed to the base, beneath minutely
appressed-pilosulous at first but soon glabrate; inflorescences terminal
and pseudoaxillary, long-pedunculate, 6-9 cm. wide, densely many-
flowered, the flowers sessile or short-pedicellate; calyx teeth tri-
angular, ciliolate; corolla white, 2.5-3 mm. long, glabrous outside.
"Tuwara," "yacu-caspi."
Loreto: Lower Rio Nanay, Williams 409 (type), 369. Mouth of
Rio Santiago, upper Maranon, 160 meters, Tessmann 4668.
23. WARSCEWICZIA Klotzsch
Shrubs or trees; stipules glandular within at the base; leaves
opposite, large, herbaceous or subcoriaceous; flowers small, 5-parted,
in small, dense cymes, these forming a raceme-like 'panicle; calyx
campanulate or cupular. 5-dentate, one of the teeth often expanded
into a large, colored, foliaceous limb; corolla funnelform, villous in
the throat, the short lobes imbricate; stamens inserted in the corolla
throat, the filaments short or elongate; capsule small, 2-celled, septi-
cidal, the valves entire or short-bifid; seeds minute, numerous,
horizontal, marginate, reticulate.
Capsule 2-2.5 mm. long; few if any of the calyx teeth expanded into
a large, colored limb.
Flowers glomerate and sessile W. Schwackeana.
FLORA OF PERU 59
Flowers not glomerate, pedicellate W. ambigua.
Capsule 4-5 mm. long; many of the calyx teeth expanded into a large,
brightly colored limb.
Leaf blades acute at the base W. coccinea.
Leaf blades cordate or very obtuse at the base W. cordata.
Warscewiczia ambigua Standl., sp. nov.
Frutex vel arbor 3-10-metralis, ramulis subteretibus vel plus
minusve complanatis minute puberulis, internodiis elongatis; stipu-
lae lanceolato-oblongae 1.5 cm. longae acuminatae deciduae scab-
erulae; folia ut videtur parva breviter petiolata subcoriacea, petiolo
crassiusculo 7-8 mm. longo puberulo; lamina elliptica 8.5-10.5 cm.
longa 4.5 cm. lata abrupte subcuspidato-acuminata basi acuta et
obliqua glabra vel glabrata, costa nervisque supra planis, costa subtus
elevata valida, nervis lateralibus utroque latere circa 10 elevatis
gracilibus fere rectis angulo acuto adscendentibus prope marginem
arcuato-conjunctis, nervulis prominulis laxe reticulatis; inflores-
centia terminalis ampla erecta paniculata pedunculata circa 22 cm.
longa, floribus numerosissimis cymulosis, cymulis racemose dis-
positis paucifloris, rhachi complanata puberula, bracteis parvis
triangularibus, pedicellis circa 2 mm. longis, glabris; capsula depresso-
globosa costata 2.5 mm. lata basi rotundata brunnescens glabra,
apice calyce subtruncato margine incurvo coronata, dente uno vel
interdum dentibus 5 calycis in laminam foliaceam lanceolato-
oblongam obtusam petiolatam glabram usque ad 7 mm. longam
expansis; semina pallide brunnea minuta lucida punctata angulata
vel subteretia.
Loreto: Cerro de Cumbasa, Tarapoto, Department of Loreto, alt.
800 meters, Sept., 1902, E. Ule 6375 (Herb. Delessert, type).
There is considerable doubt regarding the true generic position
of the plant here described, but it agrees better with Warscewiczia
than with any other genus with which I am familiar. In many
characters it is similar to W. Schwackei Schum., but in that the
flowers are glomerate and sessile, not pedicellate.
Warscewiczia coccinea (Vahl) Klotzsch, Monatsb. Akad. Berlin
1853: 497. 1853. Macrocnemum coccineum Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 38.
1791. W. maynensis Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 1: 72. 1854. W.
Poeppigiana Klotszch, loc. cit.
A slender shrub or tree 9 meters high or less, with depressed
crown; leaves short-petiolate, the blades membranaceous, elliptic-
60 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
oblong to obovate, 15-50 cm. long, acuminate, softly pubescent or
glabrate beneath; cymes racemose, small, many-flowered, peduncu-
late; one lobe of the calyx in many of the flowers expanded into a
bright red, oblong or elliptic, petiolate limb 4-6 cm. long; corolla
5-8 mm. long, yellow.
Huanuco: Cochero, Poeppig 1491. Pampayacu, Kanehira 37.
Cuzco: Bues 1+2. Junin: La Merced, 600 meters, wooded slope,
5328; Killip & Smith 23808; Weberbauer 1833. Chanchamayo
Valley, 1,200-1,600 meters, Schunke 317, 406. Above San Ramon,
1,300-1,700 meters, Schunke A3 4. Loreto: Type of W. maynensis
from Province of Mainas, Poeppig. Pongo de Manseriche, Tessmann
4783. La Victoria, on the Amazon, in pasture, Williams 2748, 2693.
Caballo-cocha, in forest, Williams 2021. Rio Itaya, Williams 135.
San Antonio, Williams 3438. Yurimaguas, edge of forest, Williams
4720. Iquitos, Williams 8021; Killip & Smith 27162; Huber 1307.
Without locality, Fox in 1911. Florida, King 2121, 2147. Rio
Putumayo, Klug 1626. Ranging to Brazil, the Guianas, and Central
America.
"Puca-lisa." An exceedingly showy and handsome tree when
covered with the brilliant inflorescences. Called "curacy" and
"rabo de arara" in Brazil. Klug reports the Huitoto names of
"rafeicono" and "rafeicono-ey."
Warscewiczia cordata Spruce ex Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras.
6, pt. 6:217. 1889.
A shrub or small tree 3.5-6 meters high; leaves short-petiolate,
often subcoriaceous, the blades broadly elliptic or obovate to oblong,
15-30 cm. long or larger, short-acuminate, softly pilose beneath or
glabrate; inflorescence like that of W. coccinea, the enlarged calyx
lobes as much as 8 cm. long; corolla 5-6 mm. long. Neg. 70.
Junin: Colonia Perene*, in thickets, Killip & Smith 25005.
Loreto: Pongo de Manseriche, Rio Maranon, Tessmann 3902. Yuri-
maguas, in abandoned land, Williams 3852', Mexia 6080. Santa
Rosa, common tree in forest, Williams 4888. San Martin: Type
from Tarapoto, Spruce 4898 (photo, seen, ex hb. Berol.). Tarapoto,
Williams 5862. Zepelacio, 1,100 meters, Klug 3268.
Mrs. Mexia reports the vernacular name of "shambosisa," and
states that the Indians employ the juice extracted from the calyx
lobes for dyeing skin.
Warscewiczia Schwackei Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6:
219. pi. 115. 1889.
FLORA OF PERU 61
A shrub or tree 3.5-10 meters high; leaves short-petiolate,
coriaceous, the blades oblong to broadly elliptic, 15-25 cm. long,
acuminate, acute to truncate at the base, puberulent or glabrate
beneath; inflorescence spicate-paniculate, the flower clusters dense,
head -like, sessile, the flowers also sessile; corolla 2 mm. long; capsule
minutely pilose.
Loreto: Iquitos, in forest, 100 meters, Williams 3701; Killip &
Smith 27213. Florida, 180 meters, in forest, King 2156, 2125. Also
in the Amazon Valley of Brazil.
In aspect this tree is unlike the more common species of the
genus, since the bright-colored, enlarged calyx lobes are very few
mostly at the base of the panicle or altogether absent. Klug
reports the Huitoto name as "jayacoma" or "tayacona." He states
that the flowers are white.
24. RONDELETIA L.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves opposite or rarely verticillate;
inflorescence terminal or axillary, cymose, corymbose, or paniculate;
calyx 4-6-lobate, the lobes sometimes unequal; corolla funnelform
or salverform, the short lobes imbricate; anthers dorsifixed, erect;
capsule 2-celled, usually globose, chartaceous or coriaceous, loculi-
cidally or septicidally bivalvate; seeds minute, compressed or angu-
late, sometimes fusiform, often winged or appendaged.
Leaves white-tomentose beneath R. peruviana.
Leaves appressed-pilose beneath, green R. loretensis.
Rondeletia loretensis Standl., sp. nov.
Frutex 1.5 m. altus, ramis breviter pilis adscendentibus vel
adpressis pilosis gracilibus, internodiis elongatis; stipulae persis-
tentes oblongae suberectae circa 1 cm. longae adpresso-pilosae;
folia majuscula breviter petiolata firme membranacea, petiolo
1-1.5 cm. longo adpresso-piloso; lamina oblongo-oblanceolata vel
anguste elliptico-oblonga 12-19 cm. longa 4-6 cm. lata longiuscule
anguste acuminata basin versus sensim attenuata, supra in sicco
fusca sparse pilis gracillimis longiusculis pilosa, subtus pallidior
ubique sed ad nervos densius pilis longis adpresso-pilosa, costa gracili
elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere circa 16 gracillimis prom-
inentibus subarcuatis angulo subrecto adscendentibus in marginem
desinentibus; inflorescentia terminalis 6.5 cm. longe pedunculata
cymosa 5 cm. lata et fere aequialta sublaxe multiflora, floribus subse-
cundis fere sessilibus, ramis dense pilosis, bracteis parvis lanceolate-
62 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
oblongis; hypanthium anguste clavatum 4-5 mm. longum dense
pilis brunnescentibus pilosum; sepala 2.5-3 mm. longa anguste
oblongo-triangularia suberecta acuminata pilosa; corolla alba 4-loba
extus pilis longis et brevibus intermixtis subsparse pilosa, tubo
gracili 10 mm. longo superne vix dilatato, lobis ovalibus 3 mm.
longis obtusis.
Loreto: Florida, Rio Putumayo, at mouth of Rio Zubineta, 180
meters, in forest, King 2151 (type in herb. Field Mus. No. 668,754).
The collector reports the Huitoto name as "voiguio-ey."
Rondeletia peruviana Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 342. 1931.
A tree 10 meters high, the branches whitish- tomentose; stipules
4-7 mm. long, oblong, obtuse or acutish; leaves short-petiolate,
thick-membranaceous, the blades elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 6-14 cm.
long, 2.5-6.5 cm. wide, acuminate, acute or rarely obtuse at the base,
glabrous above, densely white-tomentose beneath; inflorescence
terminal, cymose-paniculate, 4 cm. long, the flowers sessile or short-
pedicellate; calyx lobes 4, oblong or narrowly triangular, acute or
subobtuse; corolla white-tomentose, the tube 11-15 mm. long, the
lobes rounded, 3 mm. long; capsule 6 mm. long.
Loreto: Mouth of Rio Santiago, upper Maranon, 160 meters, in
upland forest, Tessmann 4223, type.
Corolla described as olive-brown outside, the lobes white within.
This species is the southernmost known in the genus, which attains
its greatest development probably in Mexico.
25. DOLICHODELPHYS Schum. & Krause
Shrubs or small trees with rather large, opposite, subsessile
leaves; stipules short-connate at the base, deciduous; flowers 5-
parted, arranged in terminal, trichotomous cymes; calyx short, the
lobes broadly ovate, acute or obtuse, accrescent in fruit; corolla
funnelform, glabrous, naked in the throat, the lobes rounded, much
shorter than the tube; stamens inserted slightly below the middle
of the tube, the anthers oblong; ovary 2-celled, with several ovules
in each cell; fruit capsular, bearing at the apex the persistent calyx.
Dolichodelphys chlorocrater Schum. & Krause, Verh. Bot.
Ver. Brandenb. 50: 102. /. 1908.
A shrub or tree 2-6 meters high, the branchlets obscurely puberu-
lent or glabrous; stipules ovate-lanceolate, subulate-acuminate,
puberulent outside, 6-8 mm. long; leaves subsessile, rigid-herbaceous,
FLORA OF PERU 63
oblanceolate-oblong, 15-33 cm. long, 4-12 cm. wide, abruptly
acuminate, gradually attenuate to the base, glabrous above and
shining, minutely appressed-pilose beneath on the veins; flowers
pedicellate; calyx lobes 2.5 mm. long; corolla yellow or cream-
colored, the tube 10-13 mm. long, the lobes 2-2.5 mm. long; fruit
oblong-ovoid, 1.5 cm. long, 7 mm. thick. Neg. 953.
Loreto: Cerro de Escalera, 1,200 meters, Vie 67? '4, type (photo,
and fragm. of type seen, ex hb. Berol.). Also in Colombia.
The genus consists of a single species.
26. SICKINGIA Willd.
Trees or shrubs; stipules sometimes large, glandular within at
the base; leaves opposite; flowers small or medium-sized, paniculate,
4-5-parted; calyx cupular or campanulate, truncate or dentate;
corolla tubular or funnelform, usually pilose at the insertion of the
stamens, the lobes short, imbricate or open in bud; stamens exserted,
attached below the middle of the tube; capsule commonly globose,
2-celled, bivalvate; seeds large, horizontal, lunulate or semi-oblong,
broadly winged.
Capsule oval-oblong, 6.5 cm. long; leaves 15-20 cm. wide.
S. Williamsii.
Capsule globose or depressed-globose; leaves mostly 5-8 cm. wide.
S. tinctoria.
Sickingia tinctoria (HBK.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt.
6: 228. 1889. Macrocnemum tintorium HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3:
311. 1820.
A small or medium-sized tree, the young branches somewhat
pubescent or almost glabrous; stipules oblong-subulate, 10-12 mm.
long; leaves short-petiolate, the blades oblong or elliptic-oblong,
mostly 8-15 cm. long, acute or acuminate, acute to cordate at the
base, glabrous or nearly so; inflorescence sessile or short-pedunculate,
dense; calyx lobes ovate or ovate-oblong, acute or obtuse; corolla
7-8 mm. long, yellowish white, turning reddish when dried, puberu-
lent or glabrate, the short lobes rounded; capsule 1.5-2.5 cm. in
diameter. Neg. 6058.
Loreto: Recreo, Yurimaguas, in forest, Williams 4132. Rio
Masana, in forest, Williams 110. Tira Doble, Rio Nanay, Williams
909. San Martin: Rio Mayo, Tarapoto, Williams 6227. Tarapoto,
Williams 6659. Alto Rio Huallaga, Williams 6680. Also in Brazil
and Venezuela.
64 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
"Machu sacha puca-quiro," "puca-quiru." Called "ararina,"
"asarauba," and "pau d'arara" in Brazil. Most of the collections
cited are in fruit or are sterile, and their determination is, therefore,
more or less uncertain.
In this, as in other species of the genus, the fine-grained wood
turns red as soon as cut and exposed to the air. The handsome colora-
tion, unfortunately, disappears after the wood has been exposed for
some time to the sunlight. Krukoff states that the wood is yellow
and very durable. He reports that the flowers have a strong and
agreeable odor of vanilla.
Sickingia Williamsii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 340. 1931.
A glabrous tree; petioles very short and thick; leaf blades thick-
membranaceous, elliptic-obovate, 28-40 cm. long, obtuse, acute at
the base; capsules woody, 3 cm. thick; seeds semiorbicular, thin,
1.5-2 cm. long, with a thin, pale wing. "Puca quiro."
San Martin: Tarapoto, 750 meters, Williams 5531, type.
27. BATHYSA Presl
Shrubs or trees; stipules usually large, persistent or deciduous;
leaves opposite, herbaceous or coriaceous; flowers 4-5-parted, small,
in usually large, terminal panicles; calyx cupular, truncate or den-
tate; corolla funnelform or subrotate, the lobes imbricate, the tube
pubescent within in the throat; fruit a globose or ellipsoid capsule,
2-celled, the valves woody, bifid at the apex; seeds numerous, min-
ute, horizontal, more or less distinctly winged.
Pubescence mostly spreading; calyx truncate B. obovata.
Pubescence closely appressed; calyx deeply dentate. . .B. peruviana.
Bathysa obovata (Ruiz) Schum. ex Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7:
280. 1931. Macrocnemum obovatum Ruiz in herb.
Branches densely fulvous-tomentose; stipules caducous; leaves
short-petiolate, the blades broadly obovate-oblong, about 30 cm.
long and 13 cm. wide, obtuse or rounded at the apex, obtuse to
rounded at the base and often short-decurrent, hispidulous-pilose
above, densely spreading-pilose beneath; inflorescence long-pedun-
culate, cymose-paniculate, many-flowered, 14 cm. long and broad;
corolla 6-7 mm. long, glabrous outside, densely barbate in the
throat, the lobes equaling the tube. Neg. 33.
Huanuco: Chicoplaya, in 1798, Tafalla, type. Also in Bolivia.
FLORA OF PERU 65
Bathysa peruviana Krause, Verb. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 50:
96. 1909.
A shrub or tree 3-15 meters high; stipules about 4 mm. long,
decidous; leaves short-petiolate, the blades obovate, 14-25 cm. long,
obtuse and short-acuminate at the apex, acute at the base, sparsely
appressed -pilose or sericeous beneath; flowers in rather large, long-
pedunculate panicles 8-10 cm. long; calyx lobes unequal, sericeous
outside; corolla white or ochroleucous, glabrous outside, the tube
as long as the calyx. Neg. 32.
Amazonas: Pongo de Manseriche, Rio Maranon, Tessmann 1+178.
Junin: San Nicolas, Pichis Trail, 1,100 meters, in dense forest,
Killip & Smith 26060. Loreto: Yurimaguas, Vie 6768, type.
Pumayacu, 600-1,200 meters, in forest, a tree of 5 meters with cream-
colored flowers, Klug 3222. Balsapuerto, in forest, a tree of 6
meters with white flowers, Klug 3058.
28. SIPANEA Aubl.
Annual or perennial herbs with terete stems; stipules connate
with the petioles; leaves opposite, short-pet'olate, narrow; flowers
small, commonly in terminal cymes, 5-parted; calyx divided almost
to the base into narrow lobes; corolla salverform, pilose or villous
in the throat, the lobes contorted in bud ; stamens inserted near the
middle of the corolla tube, the anthers linear; capsule 2-celled,
loculicidally dehiscent from the apex; seeds numerous, minute,
foveolate.
Sipanea hispida Benth. ex Wernham, Journ. Bot. 55: 173. 1917.
S. pratensis Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 249. 1889, ex parte,
non Aubl.
A slender, erect, rough-hirsute herb, apparently annual, 60 cm.
high or less, branched; leaves elliptic-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate,
acute or acutish, sessile or short-petiolate; cymes dichotomous,
sparsely branched, the branches often spike-like; calyx lobes linear,
3-4 mm. long; corolla pinkish or white, pilose, the tube 6-9 mm. long;
capsule covered with slender hairs having enlarged bases. "Pupa
quihua." Neg. 25757.
Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1,000-1,200 meters, Schunke 383,
1487, 1390, 1414, 353, 352, 1524. Puerto Yessup, 400 meters,
Killip & Smith 26270. Porvenir, 1,500-1,900 meters, Killip &
Smith 25909. San Ramon, 900-1,300 meters, Killip & Smith 24788.
Loreto: Florida, in clearing, Klug 2285. San Martin: San Roque,
66 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Williams 7409. Zepelacio, 1,200-1,600 meters, King 3543. Also
in Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay.
29. MACBRIDEINA Standl.
Trees; stipules large, caducous; leaves opposite, short-petiolate,
thick-membranaceous; inflorescence terminal, cymose-corymbose,
few-flowered, the flowers large, 5-parted; calyx deeply lobate, the
lobes triangular, deciduous, acuminate; corolla funnelform, glabrous
within, the lobes contorted; stamens inserted in the throat of the
corolla, the filaments very short, the anthers oblong-linear, exserted ;
capsule woody, obovoid, subcompressed, bisulcate, 2-celled, loculicid-
ally bivalvate; seeds numerous, minute, horizontal, compressed,
narrowly winged. The genus consists of a single species.
Macbrideina peruviana Standl. Trop. Woods 20: 25. 1929.
A tree 6-12 meters high, the young branchlets short-pilose, soon
glabrate; stipules oval-oblong, 2 cm. long, rounded at the apex;
leaf blades obovate or obovate-oblong, 13-40 cm. long, obtuse and
apiculate, cuneately narrowed to the base, glabrous above, beneath
hispidulous-pilose when young but soon glabrate; branches of the
inflorescence glabrous; calyx 5-6 mm. long; corolla green, glabrous,
almost 5 cm. long, the lobes 2 cm. long; capsule 3 cm. long and 1.5
cm. wide.
Huanuco: Chinchao, Ruiz & Pavon. Junin: La Merced, 600
meters, 5573, type; Killip & Smith 23783. Above San Ramon,
1,300-1,700 meters, Schunke A32. Chanchamayo Valley, 1,200
meters, Schunke 432.
30. ELAEAGIA Wedd.
Large trees with opposite, glabrous, coriaceous leaves; stipules
deciduous, glandular within at the base and exuding resin; inflores-
cence terminal, often large, paniculate; calyx crateriform, the limb
persistent, 5-dentate; corolla salverform, small, the 5 lobes ovate,
obtuse, imbricate in bud; stamens inserted in the throat of the
corolla, the filaments very short, the anthers broad, subexserted;
capsule globose, costate, loculicidally dehiscent, 2-celled; seeds
numerous, minute, elongate.
Elaeagia Mariae Wedd. Hist. Nat. Quinq. 94. 1849.
A tall tree; leaves short-petiolate or almost sessile, the blades
oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 8-17 cm. long, obtuse to acute at the
FLORA OF PERU 67
apex, acute or attenuate at the base, coriaceous, glabrous; petioles
and branchlets often covered with resin; stipules connate at the base,
finally free and truncate; panicles large and many-flowered, much
branched, longer than the leaves, the flowers very small; calyx
subtruncate; corolla yellowish green, 3 mm. long. Negs. 63, 64.
Puno: Hot forests of the Province of Carabaya, Weddell, type
(photo, seen ex hb. Berol.). San Martin: Zepelacio, 1,100 meters,
mountain forest, a tree of 8 meters with cream-colored flowers, Klug
3635 (determination uncertain). Also in Bolivia.
Weddell reports the vernacular name as "aceite Maria," and
states that the plant was employed in domestic medicine.
31. PHITOPIS Hook. f.
Trees with copious pubescence; stipules caducous; leaves oppo-
site, short-petiolate; inflorescence terminal, cymose or paniculate,
the flowers large, 4-7-parted; calyx campanulate or in bud closed
and irregularly rupturing; corolla funnelform, the lobes contorted
in bud; fruit a 2-celled, loculicidal capsule; seeds numerous, min-
ute, irregular, foveolate. Only the two following species are known.
Inflorescence cymose, dense, few-flowered, congested; corolla 8-10
mm. long P. multiflora.
Inflorescence paniculate, large, open, many-flowered; corolla about
17 mm. long P. sterculioides.
Phitopis multiflora Hook. f. Icon. PI. pi. 1093. 1871. Hip-
potis multiflora Benth. ex Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 244.
1889, in syn.
A tree 8-10 meters high; leaves very shortly petiolate, oblong
or obovate-oblong, 8-20 cm. long, short-acuminate, acute to rounded
at the base, hispid-pilose; inflorescence sometimes spike-like, usually
shorter than the leaves; calyx 7-9 mm. long, the short lobes ovate-
triangular, acute; corolla white, glabrous outside; capsule 5 mm.
long. Neg. 61.
San Martin: Mountains along Rio Mayo, near Tarapoto, Spruce
4319, type collection. Moyobamba, Mathews 1639. Mt. Campana,
near Tarapoto, Spruce 4834. Zepelacio, 1,200-1,600 meters, moun-
tain forest, Klug 3528.
Phitopis sterculioides Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 341. 1931.
A tree 7.5-9 meters high, the branchlets densely fulvous-tomen-
tose and subappressed-hirsute; petioles 2 cm. long; leaf blades oblong-
68 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
obovate, about 26 cm. long and 12.5 cm. wide, rounded and shortly
produced at the apex, narrowed to the acute base, hirsute; panicle
23 cm. long; calyx densely fulvous-tomentose, 1 cm. long; corolla
white, glabrous outside, the lobes rounded-ovate; stamens exserted,
the filaments hirsute below the middle.
Junin: Eneiias, 1,600-1,900 meters, in dense forest, Killip &
Smith 25747, type.
-
32. OLDENLANDIA L.
Annual or perennial herbs; stipules small, acute or acuminate,
sometimes setiferous; leaves opposite, small; flowers small, axillary
and terminal, paniculate, cymose, or solitary; calyx 4-parted; corolla
rotate or funnelform, the throat usually glabrous, the lobes obtuse,
valvate; stamens inserted in the corolla throat, with short filaments,
the anthers usually exserted; fruit a small capsule, 2-celled, contain-
ing few angulate or subglobose seeds, loculicidally dehiscent.
Flowers in few-flowered cymes 0. corymbosa.
Flowers solitary 0. herbacea.
Oldenlandia corymbosa L. Sp. PI. 119. 1753.
A slender, branched annual, erect or decumbent, nearly glabrous;
stipules bearing 1 or more long bristles; leaves sessile or subsessile,
linear or linear-lanceolate, 1-3.5 cm. long, acute to attenuate at
base and apex, 1-nerved, scaberulous on the margins; cymes mostly
3-flowered, the flowers long-pedicellate; calyx lobes triangular,
acuminate; corolla white or lilac, equaling or slightly longer than the
calyx; capsule subglobose, 1.5-2 mm. broad.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, in clearing, Klug
1161, 502. Widely distributed in the tropical regions of both
hemispheres.
Oldenlandia herbacea (L.) DC. Prodr. 4: 425. 1830. Hedyotis
herbacea L. Sp. PI. 102. 1753.
An erect or procumbent annual, glabrous throughout, usually
much branched ; leaves sessile, spreading or reflexed, linear or linear-
lanceolate, 1.5-7 cm. long, attenuate to each end; pedicels 8-25
mm. long; calyx lobes lanceolate, acuminate; corolla salverform,
white, about equaling the calyx; capsule depressed-globose, 2.5-3
mm. long.
Loreto: Caballo-cocha on the Amazon, in clearing, Williams 2297.
Widely distributed in the tropics of both hemispheres.
FLORA OF PERU 69
33. ARCYTOPHYLLUM Willd.
Perennials, woody or suffrutescent, erect or prostrate; stipules
entire, bifid, or dentate, sometimes setiform; leaves coriaceous,
small, opposite; flowers solitary or arranged in heads or cymes,
terminal, usually very small; calyx 4-lobate, the lobes erect, some-
times with minute teeth interposed; corolla funnelform or salver-
form, the tube short or elongate, the 4 lobes valvate, glabrous or
villous within; ovary 2-celled; fruit a small capsule, septicidally
dehiscent; seeds few, concavo-convex, punctate.
Plants prostrate, the branches rooting, suffrutescent; flowers
solitary A. filiforme.
Plants erect, shrubby; flowers solitary, glomerate, or cymose.
Corolla lobes densely short-villous within. Leaves oblong or
lance-oblong, 5-8 mm. long, obtuse or acute. . .A. ciliolatum.
Corolla lobes glabrous within.
Leaves conspicuously mucronate, oblong to elliptic-oblong,
usually 5-7 mm. long A. setosum.
Leaves obtuse or acute, not mucronate.
Leaves small, 1-3.5 mm. long; flowers solitary or in few-
flowered head-like clusters.
Leaves linear, acute or acuminate; flowers mostly solitary.
A. Riveti.
Leaves oblong, obtuse; flowers chiefly in few-flowered,
terminal, head-like clusters A. ericoides.
Leaves larger, 5-15 mm. long; flowers usually in few- or many-
flowered cymes.
Stipules almost completly covering the stems; leaves thick
and rigid; inflorescence head-like A. Macbridei.
Stipules not conspicuous, not covering the stems; leaves
relatively thin; inflorescence not head-like.
Corolla 6-8 mm. long A. thymifolium.
Corolla 10-12 mm. long A. Weberbaueri.
Arcytophyllum ciliolatum Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4:
324. 1929.
A stout, erect shrub 35 cm. high or more, the branchlets bifari-
ously puberulent; stipules broadly triangular, entire or obsoletely
denticulate, puberulent; leaves sessile or subsessile, glabrous, 1-
nerved; flowers terminal, sessile, mostly solitary; calyx lobes 2 mm.
70 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
long, subulate-attenuate from a triangular base, ciliolate; corolla
8 mm. long, the acuminate lobes equaling the tube; capsule sub-
globose, 3 mm. long.
Libertad : Mountains near Tayabamba, Prov. Pataz, 3,900 meters,
Weberbauer 7023, type. Without locality, Lobb.
Arcytophyllum ericoides (Willd.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11:
182. 1936. Hedyotis ericoides Willd. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 3: 527.
1819. Anotis ericoides DC. Prodr. 4: 433. 1830. H. thymifolia var.
ericoides Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 44. 1857. Arcytophyllum parvifolium
Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 313. 1908. Arcytophyllum virgatum Standl.
Field Mus. Bot. 4: 325. 1929.
An erect, stiff shrub as much as 50 cm. high, rather densely
branched, the branchlets minutely puberulent; stipules connate,
minutely puberulent, obtuse or acute, often dentate; leaves minute,
densely fasciculate, 1-2 mm. long; inflorescences mostly 3-6-flow-
ered, head-like; calyx lobes ovate or triangular, 1-1.5 mm. long,
acute; corolla 3.5-5.5 mm. long. Negs. 225, 51.
Amazonas: Prov. Chachapoyas, Mathews 2123, type of A.
virgatum. Cajamarca: Below Hacienda La Tahona, near Hual-
gayoc, in open thickets, 2,600 meters, Weberbauer 4059, type of A.
parvifolium. Also in Colombia and Ecuador.
I have seen a photograph of the type of Hedyotis ericoides, from
the Willdenow Herbarium, and it appears to agree perfectly with
both the recently described species listed in synonymy. It was
collected in the mountains of Colombia by Humboldt and Bonpland.
Arcytophyllum filiforme (R. & P.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot.
11: 183. 1936. Hedyotis filiformis R. & P. Fl. 1: 57. pi 87, f. b.
1798. H. conferta R. & P. loc. cit.'/. a. 1798. H. microphylla HBK.
Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 389. 1820. Anotis conferta DC. Prodr. 4: 431.
1830. A. filiformis DC. loc. cit. A. microphylla DC. op. cit. 432.
1830. Anotis Lechleriana Schlecht. Linnaea 28: 488. 1856. Ereicoc-
tis conferta etE. filiformis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 281. 1891. Mallo-
stoma confertum et M. filiforme B. & H. ex Ind. Kew. 2: 150. 1895.
Oldenlandia Lechleriana B. & H. ex Ind. Kew. 2: 336. 1895. Arcyto-
phyllum confertum Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 282. 1931.
Plants prostrate and matted, the branches stout and woody or
elongate and almost filiform, glabrous, usually densely leafy; stip-
ules triangular, acute, entire or denticulate; leaves linear-lanceolate
or linear, mostly 3-6 mm. long, acute and piliferous at the apex,
glabrous, often ciliate; flowers terminal, solitary; calyx lobes subu-
FLORA OF PERU 71
late to linear-oblong, piliferous; corolla white, 8-10 mm. long. Negs.
22, 47, 48, 55.
Apurimac: Hualgayoc and Micuipampa, Humboldt &Bonpland;
photo, of type of H. microphylla. Cuzco: Pinasniocj, Panticaya
Pass, 3,600 meters, Cook & Gilbert 1302. Paso de Tres Cruces,
Pennell IS 861. Huanuco: Pillao, Ruiz, type material of A. fili-
formis; the species was reported by R. & P. also from Torrehuasi,
Sillcai, and Achapatuma. Playapampa, 2,700 meters, sunny, rocky
places, 4502. Six miles south of Mito, 3,150 meters, grassy hills,
1832. Fifteen miles northeast of Huanuco, 3,660 meters, common
in wetter grasslands, 2185. Junin: Oroya, Kalenborn 44- A.
conferta was described from the mountains of Canta and Tarma,
near Hacaybamba, Collquihirca, and Mineral del Cerro de Yauri-
cocha. Puno: Tabina, Lechler 2091, type material of Anolis pili-
fera; Lechler 2101, type material of Anotis Lechleriana. Between
Tambo de las Vacas and Muna, Raimondi 10030. Without definite
locality, Weberbauer 6108. Also in Bolivia and Ecuador.
Although Hedyotis conferta and H. filiformis were maintained as
distinct species by Weddell in the Chloris Andina, the characters upon
which they were separated do not appear to be trustworthy. I have
seen a photograph of presumably authentic material of H. filiformis
from the Berlin herbarium, and it agrees with the plant described by
Weddell as H. conferta rather than the one which he describes and
illustrates as H. filiformis. Ruiz and Pavon give no distinguishing
characters in their descriptions of the two species, nor do their
illustrations give any clue for determining the differences between
what they assumed to be two species of the genus.
Arcytophyllum Macbridei Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 183.
1936.
A densely branched shrub 30 cm. high or more, the stout branches
densely covered by the large and conspicuous stipules, these usually
with much elongate setae at the apex; leaves subsessile, lance-oblong
or linear-oblong, 3-11 mm. long, glabrous, rigid, acute, lustrous, scabe-
rulous-ciliate; flowers sessile, congested to form a small, globose,
rounded head; sepals erect, acute, 2-3 mm. long, ovate-oblong;
corolla 6 mm. long, glabrous outside, the lobes glabrous within;
capsule subglobose, 2.5 mm. long.
Without locality: Weberbauer 6102, type. Amazonas: Trail from
Chachapoyas to Moyobamba, Williams 7576. Tambo de Laurel,
between Dunia and Chachapoyas, Raimondi 1048. Cajamarca:
Cutervo, Raimondi 4968, 4679; Jelski 6266.
72 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Arcytophyllum Riveti Dang. & Cherm. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Paris 28: 434. 1922.
A stiff, erect shrub as much as 40 cm. high, rather densely
branched, the branches pale, puberulent; stipules triangular, dentate;
leaves revolute, 2-3.5 mm. long, glabrous, spreading or ascending
and more or less imbricate; calyx lobes lanceolate, acute; corolla
purplish or white, 5-6 mm. long, glabrous.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews 3129. Apurimac: Hacienda
La Tahona, 3,100-3,400 meters, Weberbauer 4024- Cajamarca:
Hacienda Montana de Nancho, 2,400 meters, Raimondi 5533.
Piura: Below Ayavaca, 2,500 meters, Weberbauer 6359. Also in
Ecuador.
Arcytophyllum setosum (R. & P.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7:
208. 1931. Hedyotis setosa R. & P. Fl. 1: 57. pi. 88, f. a. 1798.
Anotis setosa DC. Prodr. 4 : 432. 1830. Rachicallis setosa Steud. Nom.
Bot. ed. 2. 2: 249. 1840. Mallostoma setosum B. & H. ex Ind. Kew.
2: 150. 1895. Ereicoctis setosa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 281. 1891.
A stout, erect shrub, 60 cm. high or less, glabrous or nearly so,
usually densely branched, the branches suberect; stipules ovate,
glabrous, bearing several long, stiff, yellowish setae; leaves very
thick and leathery, lustrous, spreading or ascending; flowers few,
subcapitate at the ends of the branches; calyx lobes triangular-
lanceolate, acuminate; corolla 8 mm. long, lilac outside, white within.
Neg. 45.
Amazonas: Prov. Chachapoyas, 2,000-2,300 meters, Weberbauer
4337. Ayacucho: Huaicani, 3,300-3,600 meters, Pearce. Caja-
marca: Cerro de Hualgayoc, Raimondi 2215, 837. Huanuco: Mito,
2,700 meters, grassy slope, 1 808. Fifteen miles northeast of Huanuco,
3,660 meters, wet mossy bank, 21 78. Pillao, Ruiz, presumably type
material. Junin: Originally described from Churupayana and
Huasahuasi, Ruiz & Pavdn. Piura: Above Huancabamba, 3,400
meters, Weberbauer 6079. Department unknown: Bajasan (?),
Mathews 1506. Also in Ecuador and Bolivia.
>
Arcytophyllum thymifolium (R. & P.) Standl. Field Mus.
Bot. 7: 40. 1930. Hedyotis thymifolia R. & P. Fl. 1: 56. pi. 88, f. a.
1798. H. juniperifolia R. & P. op cit. 57. pi. 87, f. c. 1798. Anotis
thymifolia et A. juniperifolia DC. Prodr. 4: 432. 1830. Mallostoma
juniperifolium et M. thymifolium B. & H. ex Ind. Kew. 2: 150. 1895.
Ereicoctis juniperifolia et E. thymifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 281.
1891. Anotis thymifolia var. hyssopifolia DC. Prodr. 4: 432. 1830, at
FLORA OF PERU 73
least in part. Arcytophyllum juniperifolium Standl. Field Mus.
Bot. 7: 207. 1931.
An erect, stout, densely branched shrub, sometimes as much as
1 meter high, the branches puberulent; stipules triangular-ovate,
1-3-dentate; leaves linear, usually revolute, spreading or ascending,
glabrous; flowers in small, dense or open, terminal cymes, the
inflorescences sometimes reduced to 3 flowers; calyx lobes linear-
lanceolate; corolla white, glabrous within. Negs. 46, 50, 226.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, 2,700 meters, Williams 7566. Altos
entre Balsas y Celendin, Raimondi 1801. Chachapoyas, in 1835,
Mathews; Mathews 2124. Ancash: Andamayo, Raimondi 1688.
Caraz, 2,200-2,500 meters, Weberbauer 3006. Ayacucho: Coracora,
2,600 meters, Weberbauer 5819. Cajamarca: Cayacati, Jelski 379.
Cuzco: Ollantaitambo, 3,000 meters, open, rocky slope, Pennell
13651; Cook & Gilbert 307, 310, 744- Cuzco, Rose 19073. Dept.
Cuzco, 1839-40, Gay. Lucay, Urubamba Valley, 3,000 meters,
Herrera 2219. La Maquina, Urubamba Valley, 2,050 meters,
Herrera 2660. Hacienda Tilque, Urubamba Valley, Herrera 1 705.
Huanuco: Northwest of Mito, 3,000 meters, rocky, sunny slope,
1927. Huanuco, Kanehira 223. Between Huanuco and Pampayacu,
Kanehira 72. Junin: Hedyotis juniperifolia described from moun-
tains of Tarma and Canta, near Palcamayo, Casacamcha, and
Lauricocha, Ruiz & Pavdn. H. thymifolia described from Tarma and
Caxatambo, Ruiz & Pavdn. Between Tarma and Palca, 2,600-
3,000 meters, Weberbauer 1734. Tarma, 2,100 meters, steep slope in
heavy, stony soil, 1012; open hillside, 3,100 meters, Killip & Smith
21799. Near Huancayo, 3,400 meters, open, rocky hillside, Killip
& Smith 22022. Oroya, Kalenborn 159. Canta, Tarma, and Jauja,
Mathews 813. Lima: Mountains near Chosica, 1,700 meters,
Weberbauer 5322. Matucana, 2,400 meters, in slide rock, 207.
Canta, 2,800 meters, open, rocky slope, Pennell 14341, 14595.
Puruchuca, Mathews 987. Lima et Peruvia septentrionalis, Cuming
1009. Between Matucana and Tambo de Viso, 2,500 meters, Weber-
bauer 166. Obrajillo, WilkesExped. Department uncertain: Without
locality, McLean; Weberbauer 5497. Huancatango, Barclay. Ranging
to Colombia.
The vernacular name "pisgopa-chaquin" is reported by Raimondi.
The plant varies greatly in the length of the leaves, and also in the
size of the corolla. There is some doubt that Hedyotis juniperifolia
really is synonymous with Arcytophyllum thymifolium, for I have
seen no authentic material of it. However, judging from the descrip-
74 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
tion and illustration, it is only a form with few-flowered inflorescence
such as is represented by several of the collections cited above.
Arcytophyllum Weberbaueri Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 54: Beibl.
119: 42. 1916.
An erect, stout shrub, usually less than 50 cm. high, often densely
branched, the young branches glabrous; stipules ovate or triangular,
acute; leaves linear or lance-linear, 7-16 mm. long, rather thin, some-
times revolute, glabrous; flowers fragrant, in dense or rather open
and many-flowered cymes; calyx lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute,
1.5-2 mm. long; corolla white, glabrous. Neg. 53.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews. Ancash: Below Ocros,
2,400-2,900 meters, Weberbauer 2725. Below Pamparomas, 2,400
meters, Weberbauer 3194. Huancavelica : Between Pampano and
Huaitara, 2,100 meters, Weberbauer 5409, type. Huaitara, 1,800-
2,400 meters, Pearce. Lima: Matucana, 2,400 meters, steep, rocky
slope, 267; slide rock slope, 2893. Matucana, Weberbauer 85.
Valley of Rio Rimac, 2,400 meters, in 1882, R. Ward. "Lima,"
Ruiz & Pavdn. Department unknown: Southern Peru, Pearce 867.
It is doubtful whether this plant is more than a large-flowered
form of A. thymifolium.
34. SCHRADERA Vahl
Glabrous, epiphytic trees or shrubs with rooting branches;
stipules large, caducous; leaves opposite, coriaceous; inflorescences
usually terminal, solitary or clustered, capitate and pedunculate,
surrounded by a cup-like involucre; calyx cupular, truncate or
obsoletely lobate; corolla salverform, the 5-10 spreading lobes
valvate in bud; stamens attached at the middle of the tube, the
anthers linear; ovary 2-4-celled; fruit baccate; seeds numerous,
minute, suborbicular, compressed.
Schradera subandina Krause, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 50:
99. 1908.
A glabrous, epiphytic shrub 50 cm. high; leaves short-petiolate,
oblanceolate or oblong-oblanceolate, 8-12 cm. long, 3-4 cm. wide,
acute or acuminate, cuneate at the base; flowers axillary, long-
pedicellate, clustered; calyx truncate, 8-12 mm. long; corolla white,
the tube 14-16 mm. long, the 5 lobes linear-oblong, slightly shorter
than the tube; anthers exserted. Neg. 265.
Loreto: Cerro de Escalera, 1,300 meters, Ule 6680, type.
FLORA OF PERU 75
The plant is quite unlike most other species of the genus, and may
be referable to some other group.
Schradera umbellata Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 81. 1844.
Glabrous; leaves petiolate, the blades elliptic, abruptly acuminate,
acute at the base, 10 cm. long; peduncles terminal, bearing a 4-rayed
umbel ; flower heads surrounded by an involucre of 4 ovate, obtuse or
acutish bracts.
Type from the mountains of Peru.
The plant is referred with doubt to this genus by Presl. I suspect
that it may be a species of Cephaelis.
35. GONZALAGUNIA R. & P.
Shrubs or small trees, often with recurved or long and more or
less pendent branches, the branches terete or nearly so; stipules per-
sistent, sheathing; leaves opposite, short-petiolate or almost sessile;
flowers small, in cymes arranged in spike-like inflorescences, often
secund, 4-5-parted; calyx cupular, dentate or lobate; corolla salver-
form or funnelform, the tube often elongate, the lobes imbricate,
obtuse; stamens included, inserted in the corolla tube; fruit baccate,
2- or 4-celled, lobate, depressed; seeds numerous, minute, foveolate.
Leaves densely white-tomentose beneath, rugose, the veins impressed
above G. dependens.
Leaves green beneath, neither tomentose nor rugose.
Inflorescence very thick and dense, scarcely interrupted ; branches
pilose with long, spreading hairs G. pachy stocky a.
Inflorescence slender and much interrupted; branches strigose or
appressed- or ascending-pilose.
Calyx lobes acute or acuminate; leaves small, mostly 1.5-4.5
cm. wide G. cornifolia.
Calyx lobes obtuse or rounded; leaves large, mostly 6-15 cm.
wide G. bunchosioides.
Gonzalagunia bunchosioides Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 162.
1930.
A shrub, the branches hispid-strigose; stipules 5-8 mm. long,
attenuate-acuminate; leaves short-petiolate, thin, the blades ovate to
broadly elliptic, 11-26 cm. long, acuminate, acute or obtuse at the
base, sparsely hispidulous above, more densely so beneath; panicles
76 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
6-30 cm. long pedunculate; calyx lobes ovate or rounded, unequal;
corolla white, densely appressed-pilose, the tube 4-5 mm. long,
the lobes 2-2.5 mm. long; fruit 4-celled, 3.5-5 mm. wide.
Loreto: Pebas, on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 1772, type;
also Nos. 1597, 1910, 1680, 1756, 1794. Mouth of Rio Santiago,
upper Maranon, 160 meters, Tessmann 4254, 4364- Also in Colombia.
Gonzalagunia cornifolia (HBK.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4:
279. 1929. Gonzalea cornifolia HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 416. 1819.
Gonzalagunia panamensis var. cornifolia Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras.
6, pt. 6: 293. 1889. (?)G. panamensis var. hirsuta Schum. loc. cit. G.
panamensis var. longistipula Schum. loc. cit.
A slender shrub 2-4.5 meters high with elongate branches, the
branchlets densely appressed-pilose or strigose; leaves membranace-
ous, often almost sessile, lanceolate to ovate, usually 6-13 cm. long,
long-acuminate, rounded to acutish at the base, copiously appressed-
pilose; panicles spike-like, short or elongate; calyx lobes deltoid
to lanceolate; corolla white, 8-10 mm. long, densely appressed-
pilose; fruit white. Neg. 270.
Ayacucho: Near Kimpitiriki, 400 meters, in forest, Killip &
Smith 23043. Loreto: Fortaleza, King 2790. Fundo Indiana,
Lower Rio Nanay, in forest, Williams 576, 374, 383, 449, 579, 386,
385, 581, 580. Near Iquitos, common, Williams 8227. Balsapuerto,
Killip & Smith 28450, 28592. Soledad, on Rio Itaya, 110 meters,
Killip & Smith 29679. San Martin: Lamas, near Tarapoto, Wil-
liams 6351. Juan Jui, 400 meters, Klug 3809. San Roque, in
forest, 1,400 meters, Williams 7791. Tarapoto, in forest, Wil-
liams 6316, 6036, 6072, 6098; Mathews 1545. Moyobamba, Mathews
1618. Ranging to Colombia.
"Bochata," "mullaca." Gonzalagunia panamensis var. hirsuta
was based upon Spruce 4863 from Tarapoto, which I have not seen,
but probably it is referable here. Var. longistipula was based in part
upon Spruce 3937 from the same locality, which, also, I have not
seen, but it is almost certainly synonymous with G. cornifolia.
Gonzalagunia dependens R. & P. Fl. 1: 56. pi. 86. 1798.
Gonzalea pendula Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 132. 1805. Gonzalea tomentosa
H. & B. PI. Aequin. 1: 225. pi. 64- 1808. Gonzalagunia tomentosa
Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 284. 1891.
A shrub 2-4.5 meters high with elongate and often drooping
branches, the branchlets densely whitish-tomentose; leaves short-
petiolate, thick, lanceolate or lance-oblong, 8-15 cm. long, long-
FLORA OF PERU 77
acuminate, obtuse or acute at the base, bright green and glabrous
above, whitish beneath; inflorescence a long, narrow, spike-like
panicle, densely tomentose; calyx lobes very short; corolla pink with
white lobes, tomentose, 1 cm. long; fruit 4-celled, purple or red.
Neg. 267.
Ayacucho: Carrapa, 1,500 meters, Killip & Smith 22349, 23227.
Cuzco: Urubamba Valley, Weberbauer 5064. Huanuco: Chin-
chao, Ruiz (photo, and fragm. of type ex hb. Berol.). Junin:
La Merced, 700 meters, Killip & Smith 23541- Dos de Mayo,
1,800 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 25855. Extending to
Colombia and Venezuela.
Gonzalagunia pachystachya Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11:
213. 1936.
A shrub or tree as much as 6 meters high, the branches densely
pilose or hirsute with stiff, spreading hairs; stipules 16-19 mm. long;
leaves very shortly petiolate, ovate or oblong-ovate, 13-18 cm. long,
narrowly attenuate-acuminate, obtuse or rounded at the base,
sparsely short-hirsute above, densely long-pilose especially beneath
along the nerves; inflorescence very dense and spike-like, sometimes
3 cm. thick, 15-22 cm. long; hypanthium densely hispidulous;
sepals broadly ovate, obtuse, 1-1.5 mm. long; corolla white, hispid,
the tube 7 mm. long.
Loreto: Mouth of Rio Santiago, Maranon Valley, in upland
forest, 160 meters, Tessmann 4295, type. Above Pongo de Man-
seriche, on steep hillside, 300 meters, Mexia 6215.
The flowers are white and fragrant, the inflorescences drooping.
36. ISERTIA Schreb.
Shrubs or small trees with thick branches; stipules usually 4 and
distinct, glandular within; leaves large, coriaceous, opposite, petio-
late, often tomentose beneath; flowers showy, arranged in large,
terminal, thyrsoid panicles, usually 6-parted ; calyx cupular, truncate
or dentate; corolla tubular-funnelform, subcoriaceous, the short
lobes imbricate, the tube pubescent in the throat; stamens exserted,
the anthers linear; ovary 2-6-celled; fruit baccate, globose, contain-
ing numerous small, foveolate seeds.
Leaves glabrous I. rosea.
Leaves white-tomentose or pubescent beneath.
Corolla glabrous outside I. Krausei.
78 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Corolla variously pubescent.
Corolla red and yellow, pubescent with short, more or less
spreading hairs.
Corolla tube 2.5-3 cm. long /. Weberbaueri.
Corolla tube 3.5-4.5 cm. long /. Hoehnei.
Corolla white, pubescent with fine, appressed hairs.
Venation of the upper leaf surface conspicuously impressed;
corolla tube less than 2.5 cm. long I. parvifolia.
Venation of the upper leaf surface not impressed; corolla
tube 3-3.5 cm. long /. alba.
Isertia alba Sprague, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 22: 434. 1905.
Creatantha peruviana Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 344. 1931.
A shrub or tree, sometimes as much as 9 meters high; leaves
long-petiolate, membranaceous, the blades obovate to broadly
elliptic, 20-30 cm. long or larger, abruptly acuminate or cuspidate-
acuminate, acute at the base, covered beneath with a very fine and
close, white or grayish tomentum; panicles large and dense; corolla
slender, white, very closely and usually sparsely sericeous, sometimes
glabrate; fruit globose, red, 1 cm. in diameter.
Junin: Puerto Yessup, 400 meters, edge of woods, Killip &
Smith 26331, type of Creatantha peruviana. Pichis Trail, Santa
Rosa, 625-900 meters, Killip & Smith 26202. Loreto: Yurimaguas,
Spruce 3878, type collection; in forest, Williams 7856; Killip &
Smith 27966. Mouth of Rio Santiago, Tessmann 4432. Fortaleza,
200 meters, in forest, Williams 4418, 4381 ; Klug 2792. Sachachoro,
180 meters, in cut-over woods, Mexia 6086, 6086a. Colombia.
"Asaquiro," "asaquiru," "asarquiro."
In the original publication of this species, the locality was given
erroneously as Colombia, but this was corrected later by Wernham
(see Kew Bull. 65. 1914). The plant has been confused with Isertia
hypoleuca Benth. of the northern coast of South America, which
seems not to be represented by Peruvian collections.
When the genus Creatantha was published by the writer, there
was available very ample material of a single collection. In this all
the corollas were uniformly funnelform-campanulate, the tube being
nearly or quite obsolete. The flowers appeared to be normal, and
there was no reason to doubt that a distinct new genus was repre-
sented. Soon after the publication of the genus, the writer received
from Berlin a collection of Rubiaceae in which was the Tessmann
FLORA OF PERU 79
collection cited above. In that there were found upon the same
branch corollas of the type just described and other tubular ones
such as are normal for the genus Isertia. It seems certain, therefore,
that the campanulate corollas are induced by some abnormal con-
dition, probably by insect action, although no proof of insect activity
is apparent in the specimens examined.
Isertia Hoehnei Krause, Archiv. Bot. S; Paulo 1: 115. 1925.
A large shrub or small tree; leaves rather long-petiolate, large,
broadly obovate or oval, abruptly contracted at the apex and short-
acuminate, acute at the base or rounded and abruptly short-decur-
rent, green and glabrous on the upper surface, covered beneath by
a very fine and close, white tomentum; inflorescence large and
many-flowered; corolla red and yellow, the tube relatively stout.
Loreto: Pebas on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 1743. Caballo-
cocha, in forest, Williams 2200. Rio Putumayo, King 1627. La
Chorrera, Fox 18. Also in Colombia.
Isertia Krausei Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 216. 1936.
Branches very stout, glabrous; leaves short-petiolate, the blades
coriaceous, oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, large, acuminate, atten-
uate to the base, glabrous and shining above, short-pilose beneath
on the veins and minutely tomentose in the areoles; panicles large,
rather dense, pedunculate; corolla 3.5 cm. long, with short lobes
and a stout, thick tube.
Libertad: Without locality, Weberbauer 7066, type.
Isertia parvifolia Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 278. 1929.
Sometimes a tree of 6 meters, the branchlets densely puberulent;
stipules 5-7 mm. long; leaves short-petiolate, the blades coriaceous,
oblong to elliptic, 12-25 cm. long, acuminate, acute at the base,
glabrous above, densely and minutely white-tomentose beneath;
panicles usually only 5-8 cm. long, the flowers sessile or short-
pedicellate; corolla tube 22 mm. long, the oval lobes 6-7 mm. long.
Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1,500 meters, Schunke 393, type.
Above San Ramon, 1,300-1,700 meters, Schunke A27. San Martin:
Zepelacio, 1,200-1,600 meters, in forest, King 3456. Rio Mayo,
Spruce 4846.
Isertia rosea Spruce ex Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6:
284. 1889.
A shrub or small tree, glabrous throughout; leaves slender-
petiolate, shining, rather thin, the blades oblanceolate-oblong to
80 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
obovate, 12-35 cm. long, acute or acuminate at the apex, sometimes
rounded and apiculate, acute or cuneately narrowed at the base;
panicles large and dense; corolla rose-purple or "red," 4 cm. long,
with very slender tube; ovary 4-celled; fruit globose, 6 mm. in
diameter. Neg. 280.
Loreto: Manfinfa, Alto Rio Nanay, river bank, Williams 1111.
Puerto Corina, Alto Nanay, Williams 1159. Iquitos, Williams 8239;
Tessmann 3535. Florida, 180 meters, King 2269. Also in Brazil,
Venezuela, and the Guianas. "Isico-ey" (Huitoto name, Klug).
Isertia Weberbaueri Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 277. 1929.
A tree 8 meters high, the branchlets glabrate; stipules 7 mm.
long, the lobes obtuse; leaves rather long-petiolate, coriaceous, the
blades 19-28 cm. long, glabrous above, densely and minutely white-
tomentose beneath, rounded at the apex and abruptly short-acum-
inate, acute at the base; panicles 25 cm. long; corolla dark red with
yellow throat, the tube 27 mm. long, puberulent, the oval lobes
5-6 mm. long.
Libertad : Valley of Rio Mixiollo, 1,400 meters, Weberbauer 7054,
type; 7066. Loreto: Caballo-cocha, in forest, Williams 2071.
37. COGCOCYPSELUM Sw.
Prostrate annual or perennial herbs; leaves opposite, petiolate;
flowers small, blue or purple, capitate, the heads axillary, sessile or
pedunculate; calyx 4-lobate, the lobes narrow; corolla funnelform,
the throat glabrous, the limb 4-lobate, the lobes valvate; stamens
inserted in the corolla tube; fruit baccate, ovoid or globose, 2-celled,
usually blue; seeds minute, numerous, subangulate, granulate.
Heads few-flowered; leaves glabrous or with sparse, appressed
pubescence.
Hypanthium usually glabrous; leaves glabrous or nearly so except
for appressed hairs on the upper surface near the margin.
C. Condalia.
Hypanthium appressed-pilose; leaves more or less appressed-
pilose beneath over the whole surface C. decumbens.
Heads many-flowered; leaves densely pubescent.
Pubescence of the stems spreading; leaves mostly more or less
cordate at the base C. hirsutum.
Pubescence of the stems appressed or ascending; leaves not cor-
date at the base.. . .C. lanceolatum.
FLORA OF PERU 81
Coccocypselum Condalia Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 132. 1805. Con-
dalia repens R. & P. Fl. 1 : 54. pi. 84, /. a. 1798, non Coccocypselum
repens Sw. 1788. Coccocypselum umbellatum Poir. Encycl. Suppl. 2:
308. 1811. C. glabrum Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 18: 108. 1891,
non DC. 1830. C.Brittoni Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 368. 1907.
A prostrate perennial, nearly glabrous, the stems sometimes
sparsely appressed -pilose; leaves short-petiolate, the blades oblong-
ovate or oblong, 2.5-6.5 cm. long, acute, acute or obtuse at the base,
often purplish beneath and usually quite glabrous; peduncles longer
than the petioles, slender; calyx lobes lance-linear, acute or acum-
inate, about equaling the hypanthium; corolla purple; berry deep
blue, usually 6-7 mm. long, glabrous or nearly so.
Huanuco: Condalia repens described from Pillao, Cochero, and
Chinchao, Ruiz & Pavdn. Junin: Dos de Mayo, 1,800 meters,
dense forest, Killip & Smith 25867. East of Quimiri Bridge, near
La Merced, 800-1,300 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 23856.
San Martin: San Roque, 1,400 meters, in forest, Williams 7113,
6994. Ranging to Paraguay, Brazil, and the Guianas.
Coccocypselum decumbens Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 323. 1908.
A much-branched, prostrate perennial, the stems appressed-
pilose with yellowish hairs; leaf blades ovate or oblong-ovate,
2-4.5 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate, rounded or obtuse at the
base, thinly appressed-pilose or sometimes glabrate above; heads
long-pedunculate, with 3 or more sessile flowers; calyx lobes linear-
attenuate, twice as long as the hypanthium; corolla pale blue;
berry deep blue or blackish, 5 mm. long. Neg. 261.
Huanuco: Vilcabamba, 1,800 meters, wet banks, 4974- Puno:
Between Tambo Yuncacoya and Tambo Cachicachi, Weberbauer
1141, type.
Probably this is only a variant of C. Condalia.
Coccocypselum hirsutum Bartl. ex DC. Prodr. 4: 396. 1830.
Branches densely hirsute or hispid; stipules subulate, 3-6 mm.
long; leaf blades oval to rounded-ovate, rounded to acutish at the
apex, hirsute or hispid with long, spreading, yellowish hairs; pedun-
cles 1-3 cm. long; calyx lobes linear, acute, 2.5-5 mm. long; corolla
12-14 mm. long, hirsute; fruit hirsute, 6-10 mm. in diameter.
"Sapu-quina."
Huanuco: Monson, Weberbauer 3478. San Martin: San Roque,
1,400 meters, Williams 7307. Ranging from Bolivia to Mexico
and Trinidad.
82 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Coccocypselum lanceolatum (R. & P.) Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 132.
1805. Condalia lanceolata R. & P. Fl. 1: 54. 1798. Coccocypselum
repens HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 316. 1819, non Sw. 1788. Cocco-
cypselum canescens Willd. ex C. & S. Linnaea 4: 139. 1829. Tontanea
canescens Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 146. 1921.
Plants rather large and much branched, prostrate; stipules linear-
subulate, 3-10 mm. long; leaf blades oblong to ovate, 2-8 cm. long,
acute or obtuse, obtuse or rounded at the base, densely appressed-
pilose on both surfaces with fulvous hairs, or the hairs of the lower
surface somewhat spreading; peduncles 1-6 cm. long; calyx lobes
oblong or ovate, .2-3 mm. long, obtuse; corolla blue, 5 mm. long,
densely pilose; fruit bright blue, densely pilose, 5-7 mm. in diameter.
Ayacucho: Carrapa, 1,000 meters, wooded hillside, Killip &
Smith 22462. Huanuco: Described from forests of Cochero and
Chinchao, Ruiz & Pavon. Vilcabamba, 1,800 meters, steep clay
banks, 4973. La Merced, 1,200 meters, loose soil of open bank,
5762. Chanchamayo Valley, 1,000-1,500 meters, Schunke 1463,
1442, 361, 396, 372, 110. Huacapistana, 1,800-2,400 meters, Killip
& Smith 24132. Above San Ramon, 1,400 meters, Schunke A18;
Killip & Smith 24559. Enefias, 1,700 meters, open sphagnum bog,
Killip & Smith 25697. San Martin: Zepelacio, 1,200-1,600 meters,
King 3393. Widely distributed in tropical America, usually at
middle elevations.
38. HIPPOTIS R. & P.
Shrubs or small trees; stipules large, caducous; leaves opposite,
petiolate, the blades thin; flowers large, solitary or in 2-3-flowered
cymes, 5-parted, often somewhat asymmetric; calyx elongate,
spathaceous or bilabiate; corolla tubular or funnelform, the short
lobes plicate-valvate, the cylindric tube usually curved, glabrous
within or pilose at the insertion of the stamens; stamens usually
unequal, inserted at or below the middle of the tube, the anthers
included ; ovary 2-celled ; fruit baccate, globose, the seeds numerous,
small, foveolate. Two other species are known, in Colombia and
Ecuador.
Calyx bilabiate, the segments not contracted at the apex, 2-3-den-
tate ; corolla glabrous within, the lobes minute . . . . H. tubiflora.
Calyx spathaceous or bifid, the lobes contracted and cucullate at
the apex; corolla pilose within above the base, the lobes one-
fifth to one-fourth as long as the tube.
FLORA OF PERU 83
Peduncles 5-8 cm. long or more H. triflora.
Peduncles 2 cm. long or less H. brevipes.
Schumann (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 297. 1889) states that
" H. peruviana Karst.," in his opinion, is not distinct from H.
albiflora Karst. This seems to be the only publication of the name
peruviana. Hippotis albiflora is a Colombian species, of which I
have seen no Peruvian material.
Hippotis brevipes Spruce ex Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6:
298. pi. 138, f. 2. 1889.
A shrub 1.5-4 meters high or more, the branchlets hispid; stipules
ovate-triangular, 1 cm. long; leaves short-petiolate, the blades
elliptic-obovate to lance-oblong, 8-20 cm. long, abruptly acuminate,
acute at the base, hispid above, rather softly pilose beneath; calyx
2 cm. long, red, hispid; corolla 3 cm. long, densely hispid, the lobes
retuse, glabrous within; fruit hispid, 8 mm. in diameter. Neg. 298.
Loreto: Pumayacu, Klug 3150. Pongo de Cainarache, Vie 6377,
6378; Klug 2760. Balsapuerto, Killip & Smith 28436. Mouth of
Rio Santiago, dense forest, Mexia 6381. San Martin: Rio Mayo
near Tarapoto, Spruce 4375, type collection. San Roque, in forest,
Williams 6945, 7619. Juan Jui, 400 meters, Klug 3882.
Hippotis brevipes var. ucayalina Huber (Bol. Mus. Goeldi 4:
613. 1906) is described as differing from the type in the slender,
longer (5 mm.) pedicels, the less densely hispid calyx and corolla,
and the more slender corolla. Apparently it is a form of slight im-
portance. The type is Huber 1456 from Cerro de Canchahuaya
near Tarapoto. It is described as a shrub with scarlet flowers.
Hippotis triflora R. & P. Prodr. 33. 1794; Fl. 2: 56. pi. 201. 1799.
A shrub 3-4.5 meters high, the branchlets hispidulous or strigose;
stipules broadly oblong, 2 cm. long, subobtuse; leaves on rather short
petioles, the blades obovate-oblong to obovate-elliptic, 10-18 cm.
long or larger, thin, short-acuminate, acute at the base, densely soft-
pilose beneath; inflorescences long-pedunculate, 2-3-flowered, the
flowers short-pedicellate; calyx 1.5-2 cm. long, appressed-pilose;
corolla 2 cm. long, appressed-pilose, the tube pale pink with cream-
colored pubescence, the lobes rich pink; fruit globose, 8 mm. in
diameter, appressed-pilose. Neg. 299.
Huanuco: Described from Cochero, Macora, and Marimarcha-
hua, Ruiz & Pavdn. Cochero, Dombey. Pampayacu, Sawada 25.
Junin: San Nicolas, 1,100 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith
84 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
26000. Loreto: Balsapuerto, 150-350 meters, Killip & Smith
28436 Without locality: Poeppig 1240.
Hippotis tubiflora Spruce ex Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras, 6, pt. 6:
298. 1889.
Branchlets appressed-pilose; leaves short-petiolate, the blades
obovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 8-10 cm. long, acuminate, atten-
uate to the base, sericeous or strigose; inflorescence short-peduncu-
late, 3-5-flowered; calyx 8-9 mm. long, pilose; corolla 3 cm. long,
strigose, the lobes truncate and retuse; fruit globose, 1 cm. in diam-
eter, glabrate. Neg. 297.
San Martin: Near Tarapoto, Spruce 3949, type collection. Pongo
de Cainarachi, 230 meters, in clearing, Klug 2621. Loreto: Balsa-
puerto, 220 meters, in forest, Klug 3084.
Described by Klug as a shrub of 2 meters with bright rose or
flesh-red flowers.
39. SOMMERA Schlecht.
Shrubs or small trees; stipules caducous; leaves opposite, petio-
late, membranaceous, the areoles between the veinlets finely lineo-
late; inflorescences axillary, cymose, the flowers 5-parted; calyx
deeply lobate, the lobes foliaceous; corolla funnelform, the throat
villous, the lobes acute; stamens inserted at the middle of the tube,
included: fruit baccate, 2-celled; seeds numerous, small, smooth.
Sommera sabiceoides Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6:
300. pi. 133,}. 1. 1889.
A shrub or small tree, 1-7.5 meters high, the branchlets strigose;
stipules 1.5-2 cm. long; leaves slender-petiolate, the blades oblong
to obovate, 7-19 cm. long, short-acuminate, acute at the base,
glabrous above, more or less strigose or sericeous beneath; cymes
pedunculate, shorter than the leaves, few-flowered, the flowers
subsessile; calyx lobes lanceolate or oblong, acute or obtuse, green,
9-11 mm. long; corolla white, appressed-pilose, 15-17 mm. long, the
lobes 5-6 mm. long; fruit subglobose, about 8 mm. in diameter.
Loreto: Above Pongo de Manseriche, 200 meters, Mexia 6133,
6304- La Victoria, on the Amazon, edge of forest, Williams 2664,
2862, 2935, 3099. Rio Nanay, Williams 554. Rio Masana, Williams
147. Pebas, in forest, Williams 1810. Caballo-cocha, in forest,
Williams 2167, 2076. Mishuyacu, Klug 740, 785. Fortaleza,
Yurimaguas, Williams 4446. Rio Huallaga, Spruce 1645. Parana
Pura, Yurimaguas, Williams 4603. Iquitos, edge of forest, Williams
FLORA OF PERU 85
8185, 8053; Tessmann 3687; Killip & Smith 27397. Puerto Arturo,
Williams 5236. Lower Rio Huallaga, 135 meters, Killip & Smith
29254. Rio Maranon near mouth of Rio Tigre, wooded bank,
Killip & Smith 27534- Also in Amazonian Brazil.
40. PENTAGONIA Benth.
Shrubs or trees, branched or often simple; stipules large; leaves
ample, entire or pinnatifid, the areoles with numerous fine, parallel
striolations; flowers large, in dense, sessile or pedunculate, axillary,
trichotomous cymes, 5-6-parted; calyx tubular or spathaceous,
persistent; corolla funnelform or tubular, coriaceous, the lobes
valvate in bud; stamens inserted below the middle of the tube, the
filaments equal or unequal, often villous at the base; fruit baccate,
2-celled, ovoid or globose; seeds numerous, small, angulate.
Leaf blades narrowed to the base, the base itself cordate.
P. subauriculata.
Leaf blades acute or acuminate at the base.
Leaves glabrous or practically so P. spathicalyx.
Leaves densely pubescent beneath.
Leaf blades broadly obovate or oblong-obovate, with about 13
pairs of nerves P. velutina.
Leaf blades narrowly oblong-lanceolate, with 30-36 pairs of
nerves.
Corolla glabrous outside; leaves 18 cm. wide. .P. Williamsii.
Corolla pilose; leaves 40-50 cm. wide P. gigantifolia.
Pentagonia peruviana Standl., in spite of its specific name, is
actually a plant of Ecuador.
Pentagonia gigantifolia Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan.
5: 181. 1930.
A simple tree 4-5 meters high; stipules lanceolate, 5 cm. long,
brownish-tomentose; petioles very short and thick; leaf blades
mostly 120-150 cm. long, or as much as 180 cm., long-cuneate at the
base and gradually decurrent, acute or short-acuminate, the nerves
32-36 pairs, glabrous above, pilosulous beneath, villous-tomentose
on the veins; calyx red, with the hypanthium 4 cm. long, the lobes
lanceolate, acuminate, pilose outside, the hypanthium densely
villous-tomentose; corolla yellow, 1.5-2 cm. longer than the calyx,
the lobes broadly ovate, acuminate.
86 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Loreto: In forest, Indiana, near the Amazon above the mouth
of Rio Napo, Ducke 21682, type.
Dr. Ducke states that this plant has the largest leaves of any
dicotyledonous plant with which he is familiar.
Pentagonia spathicalyx Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6:
302. 1889.
A shrub or tree 1-5 meters high; stipules triangular-lanceolate,
3 cm. long or larger; leaves long-petiolate, coriaceous, the blades
oblong-obovate or broadly obovate, 15-45 cm. wide or larger,
acuminate, acute at the base; calyx spathaceous, 2 cm. long; bracts
red ; corolla white or yellowish white, with pink lobes, 3-4 cm. long,
pubescent or glabrate; fruit ellipsoid, 2 cm. long. Neg. 6051.
Loreto: Mouth of Rio Apaga, Tessmann 4831. Mishuyacu, near
Rio Putumayo, King 1610. Iquitos, 100 meters, in forest, Klug
483, 159. San Antonio, 110 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith
294-54- Between Yurimaguas and Balsapuerto, 150 meters, dense
forest, Killip & Smith 28222; Klug 3031. San Martin: Pongo de
Cainarachi, Klug 2670. Also in Amazonian Brazil and Colombia.
Klug describes the flowers as white, rose and white, or yellow
and garnet.
Pentagonia subauriculata Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 347. 1931.
A shrub; leaves sessile, elliptic-obovate, 70 cm. long and 30 cm.
wide, short-acuminate, appressed-pilose beneath on the veins or
glabrate, with about 19 pairs of nerves; bracts red; calyx spathaceous,
2-2.5 cm. long, deeply split along one side, puberulent or glabrate;
corolla white, glabrous outside, the tube 3 cm. long, the lobes ovate-
triangular, 7 mm. long.
Loreto: Santa Rosa, lower Rio Huallaga below Yurimaguas, 135
meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 28959, type.
Pentagonia velutina Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 347. 1931.
A shrub or small tree; leaf blades 40-45 cm. long and 19-25
cm. wide or larger, acute, glabrous above, densely velvety-pilose
beneath; fruit globose, 2 cm. in diameter, glabrate; calyx subspatha-
ceous, 1.5-2 cm. long, bilobate, the lobes oblong, acute.
Loreto: Puerto Arturo, Yurimaguas, in forest, 200 meters,
Williams 5280 (type), 5046.
Pentagonia Williamsii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 167. 1930.
A shrub; leaves very shortly petiolate, the blades 80 cm. long
and 16-18 cm. wide or larger, long-acuminate, long-attenuate to the
FLORA OF PERU 87
base, glabrous above, densely spreading-pilose beneath; flowers
densely cymose-congested in the leaf axils; calyx 2 cm. long, bilobate
to the middle, the segments oblong, obtuse, sparsely pilose or almost
glabrous outside; corolla glabrous outside, the tube 2.5-3.2 cm.
long, the lobes broadly ovate, acute, 4-5 mm. long.
Loreto: Pebas, on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 1949, type.
41. SABICEA Aubl.
Herbs or shrubs, mostly scandent and tomentose or villous;
stipules commonly persistent, often broad; leaves opposite, petiolate;
flowers chiefly 5-parted, small or medium-sized, in axillary heads or
cymes; calyx 3-5-lobate, persistent; corolla funnelform or salver-
form, the throat pubescent, the lobes valvate in bud ; stamens inserted
in the tube, with linear anthers; ovary 3-5-celled; fruit baccate;
seeds small, numerous, irregular, foveolate.
Leaves densely tomentose and usually white beneath.
Inflorescences pedunculate S. Klugii.
Inflorescences sessile.
Corolla tube 5 mm. long S. cana.
Corolla tube 20 mm. long S. amazonensis.
Leaves not tomentose.
Flowers in dense, sessile, axillary heads S. villosa.
Flowers in pedunculate heads or cymes.
Pubescence of the stems and leaves of spreading hairs.
Peduncles shorter than the cymes; bracts small, 5 mm. long
or less S. Pearcei.
Peduncles longer than the cymes; bracts 15 mm. long or
more S. subinvolucrata.
Pubescence of the stems and leaves appressed.
Bracts at the base of the inflorescence large and conspicuous,
more or less connate S. umbellata.
Bracts small and inconspicuous, not connate. .S. paraensis.
Sabicea amazonensis Wernham, Monogr. Sabicea 47. pi. 5, f.
3, 4- 1914.
A suffrutescent vine, the young stems hirsute; leaves short-
petiolate, the blades acuminate, green and long-hirsute above,
densely whitish-tomentose and hirsute beneath; flowers in dense,
88 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
sessile, axillary heads, subtended by large, involucre-like bracts;
calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, 7-9 mm. long; corolla white, the lobes
about 4 mm. long.
Loreto: Florida, Rio Putumayo, 200 meters, in forest, Klug 2085.
Also in Amazonian Brazil and Venezuela.
Sabicea cana Hook. Icon. PL pi. 247. 1840. S. flavida Krause,
Bot. Jahrb. 40: 323. 1908.
A scandent shrub with arachnoid-tomentose branches; stipules
ovate, subobtuse, 8 mm. long; leaves rather long-petiolate, broadly
ovate to elliptic-oblong, acute or acuminate at each end, sparsely
arachnoid and greenish above, white beneath; flowers crowded in
dense sessile heads, whitish-tomentose; calyx lobes triangular;
corolla white, the tube 4-5 mm. long, the lobes 2-3 mm. long; fruit
pale violet.
Huanuco: Chicoplaya, Ruiz & Pawn (ex Wernham, Monogr.
Sabicea 52. 1914). Junin: Near La Merced, 800-1,300 meters, in
forest, Kittip & Smith 23925. Loreto: Balsapuerto, Klug 2882.
Habana, near Moyobamba, 800-900 meters, Weberbauer 4568, type
of S. flavida. Moyobamba, Mathews. San Martin: Cerro de Cam-
pana, Spruce (ex Wernh. loc. cit.). Also in Colombia.
Sabicea Klugii Standl., sp. nov.
Frutex scandens, ramis dense laxiuscule tomentosis et pilis
longis mollibus pilosis, internodiis brevibus vel elongatis; stipulae
5-7 mm. longae late ovatae subobtusae extus dense longipilosae
erectae vel subreflexae; folia mediocria breviter petiolata subcoriacea,
petiolo crasso dense piloso 5-10 mm. longo; lamina ovata, late ovata
vel elliptica 6-10 cm. longa 3.5-5 cm. lata acuta vel subacuminata
interdum obtusa, basi acuta ad rotundata, supra dense molliter
pilosa et laxe tomentosa, subtus dense laxe sordide tomentosa et
praesertim ad nervos longipilosa, nervis lateralibus utroque latere
circa 10 valde arcuatis; flores albi capitati numerosi, capitulis sub-
globosis 2 cm. diam., bracteis inconspicuis, pedunculo crasso dense
pilis ochraceis adpresso-piloso usque ad 2.5 cm. longo; sepala 3
mm. longa extus dense pilosa lineari-triangularia versus apicem
sensim attenuata; corolla non visa.
San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1,200-1,600 meters,
in clearing, Klug 3425 (herb. Field Mus. No. 736,762, type).
Sabicea paraensis (Schum.) Wernham, Monogr. Sabicea 31.
pi. 12. 1914. S. umbellata var. paraensis Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras.
6,pt. 6:304. 1889.
FLORA OF PERU 89
A scandent shrub with strigose branches; stipules brownish,
oblong-ovate, 1 cm. long; leaves short-petiolate, the blades ovate
to oblong, acuminate, acute or obtuse at the base, sparsely hirtous
above, green and appressed-pilose beneath or glabrate; inflores-
cence laxly cymose, 4-5 mm. wide; calyx lobes 2-3 mm. long, sub-
setaceous; corolla white, sparsely strigose, the tube 1 cm. long, the
oblong-linear lobes 2 mm. long; fruit deep red, sparsely strigose.
Loreto: Iquitos, in forest, Williams 3635; open swamp, Killip
& Smith 27210, 26983. La Victoria, on the Amazon, in forest,
Williams 2566; edge of forest, Williams 2907. Mishuyacu, near
Iquitos, 100 meters, King 10-40. Pena Blanca, Rio Itaya, Kittip
& Smith 29666. Florida, 180 meters, King 2160. Also in Amazon-
ian Brazil. "Ruicha-o" (Huitoto name).
Sabicea Pearcei Wernham, Monogr. Sabicea 38. pi. 3,f.l. 1914.
A scandent shrub, the branches softly pilose; stipules broadly
ovate, 11 mm. long; leaves slender-petiolate, the blades oblong-
elliptic, acuminate, acute at the base, spreading-pilose or somewhat
hirsute on both surfaces; inflorescence lax, hispidulous, the bracts
lanceolate; calyx lobes subsetaceous, 4-5 mm. long; fruit white or
deep purple.
Junin: Yapas, 1,350-1,600 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith
25598. Also in Bolivia.
Sabicea pumila Bartl. ex DC. Prodr. 4: 440. 1830.
Type from the mountains of Huanuco, Haenke. Wernham
(Monogr. Sabicea 75. 1914) states that he has examined the type in
the De Candolle Herbarium. The material, which is very scant,
does not represent a Sabicea, but is, perhaps, a species of Hoffmannia.
Sabicea subinvolucrata Wernham, Monogr. Sabicea 38. pi. 3,
f. 2, 3. 1914.
A large vine, the branches densely soft-pilose, finally glabrate;
leaves short-petiolate, the blades elliptic to oblong, about 10 cm.
long and 4.5 cm. wide, long-acuminate, acute at the base, hispidulous
above, strigose beneath; stipules broadly ovate, 8-9 mm. long,
deflexed; inflorescence lax or dense, many-flowered; calyx lobes
linear or linear-lanceolate, 4 mm. long; corolla white, 7-8 mm. long,
sparsely strigose.
San Martin: Type collected near Tarapoto, Spruce 4370. San
Roque, in forest, Wittiams 7106.
90 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Sabicea umbellata (R. & P.) Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 203. 1805.
Schwenkfelda umbellata R. & P. Fl. 2: 55. pi. 200, /. a. 1799. Sabicea,
umbellata var. genuina Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 304. 1889.
A scandent shrub with strigose or glabrate branches; stipules
large, ovate; leaves petiolate, the blades elliptic or ovate, acuminate,
strigose on the nerves, at least beneath, elsewhere glabrate; inflores-
cence lax, many-flowered, the flowers pedicellate; bracts ovate or
lanceolate; calyx lobes linear-setaceous, 5 mm. long or more; corolla
white, strigose.
Huanuco: Originally described from Cochero, Macora, and Chin-
chao, Ruiz & Pawn (specimen collected by Ruiz seen, ex hb. Berol.).
Cochero, Dombey 561 (ex Wernham). Without locality: Mathews
1951. Wernham reports also Poeppig 43 and 1226.
Sabicea villosa R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 265. 1819. S. Ursula
HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 417. 1820.
A large, herbaceous or suffrutescent vine with hirsute branches;
stipules brownish, broadly ovate, reflexed; leaves short-petiolate,
the blades elliptic-oblong to ovate, acuminate, hirsute; flowers
densely crowded in the leaf axils, sessile; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate;
corolla white, strigose, the tube 6 mm. long; fruit oval, purple, 1
cm. long, juicy. "Puchen-mullaca." Neg. 302.
Ayacucho: Prov. Huanta, Raimondi 10420. Huanuco: Pillao,
Ruiz. Junin: San Nicolas, 1,100 meters, in forest, Killip & Smith
26046. Loreto: Santa Ana, Rio Nanay, Williams 1227. Pebas, on
the Amazon, in forest, Williams 1746. La Victoria, in pasture,
Williams 2785. Iquitos, Williams 1408, 7946; open swamp, Killip
& Smith 27211. Puno: Tatanara, Lechler 2510 (ex Wernham).
San Martin: San Roque, Williams 7469. Tarapoto, Spruce 4837
(ex Wernham). Widely distributed in South America, extending
northward to Central America.
Sabicea villosa R. & S. var. adpressa (Wernham) Standl.
Field Mus. Bot. 7: 52. 1930. S. hirsuta var. adpressa Wernham,
Monogr. Sabicea 55. 1914.
Like the species, except that the hairs of the stems and leaves
are more or less closely appressed. "Pulma de mullaca."
Loreto: Rio Nanay, Williams 329, 376, 305. Rio Masana, in
forest, Williams 107. Caballo-cocha, in forest, Williams 2203.
Ranging with the species.
FLORA OF PERU 91
42. HOFFMANNIA Sw.
Herbs or shrubs, simple or branched; stipules interpetiolar, free;
leaves opposite or verticillate, petiolate, herbaceous or membrana-
ceous, often marked with cystoliths; inflorescence axillary, few- or
many-flowered, usually cymose, the flowers sometimes fasciculate
in the leaf axils, 4-parted; calyx short, lobate; corolla salverform or
short-funnelform, the lobes imbricate in bud; stamens inserted in
the mouth of the corolla, the filaments short; ovary 2-4-celled;
fruit baccate, juicy, the seeds numerous, minute.
Leaves glabrous beneath.
Flowers densely fascicled in the leaf axils, sessile or nearly so;
leaf blades oblong-oblanceolate H. aggregata.
Flowers in pedunculate cymes, pedicellate; leaf blades elliptic or
obovate-elliptic H. obovata.
Leaves variously pubescent beneath, at least along the costa.
Calyx lobes linear, 4-6 mm. long H. Mathewsii.
Calyx lobes broader, less than 2 mm. long.
Flowers densely glomerate in the leaf axils. Leaf blades oblan-
ceolate; stems rufous- villous H. Williamsii.
Flowers in long-pedunculate cymes.
Leaves chiefly ternate, the blades oblanceolate or oblanceo-
late-oblong, short-petiolate H. verticillata.
Leaves opposite, the blades chiefly elliptic or obovate, long-
petiolate.
Cymes about 3-flowered; leaves with conspicuous pale
raphids beneath H. villosula.
Cymes several- or many-flowered; leaves without evident
raphids beneath H . latifolia.
Hoffmannia aggregata (R. & P.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6,
pt. 6: 327. 1889. Ohigginsia aggregata R. & P. Fl. 1: 55. pi. 88, f.
b. 1798. Higginsia aggregata Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 133. 1805. Evosmia
aggregata Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 417. 1825. (?) Higginsia angtistifolia
Bartl. ex DC. Prodr. 4: 399. 1830.
A shrub 1-3.5 meters high, simple or often branched, the branches
glabrous; leaves opposite, short-petiolate, long-acuminate, long-
tapering to the base and often almost sessile, paler beneath; calyx
lobes linear or lanceolate, 1.5-2.5 mm. long; corolla reddish yellow,
92 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
6-7 mm. long, the spreading lobes about as long as the tube; fruit
oval or ellipsoid, 5-6 mm. long, reddish or purple. Neg. 372.
Huanuco: Described from Cochero, Chinchao, and Mufia, Ruiz
& Pavdn (photo, and fragm. of authentic material seen, ex hb.
Berol.). Casapi, Mathews 117. Pampayacu and Cochero, Poeppig
1066, 1029B, 1028B. Rio Huallaga Canyon below Rio Santo Do-
mingo, 1,200 meters, in forest, 1+258. Tambillo, Jelski 370. Yanano,
1,800 meters, edge of spring, 4921. Junin: Chanchamayo Valley,
1,800 meters, Schunke 437, 420. Above San Ramon, 1,300-1,700
meters, Schunke A23; in forest, Killip & Smith 24660. Without
locality: Haenke; Poeppig Add. 12.
The type of H. angustifolia was collected in the mountains of
Peru (Huanuco?) by Haenke. I suspect that another synonym of
H. aggregata is Condalia sessilis R. & P. (Fl. 1: 54. 1798; Coccocyp-
selum sessile Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 132. 1805). Although described upon
the preceding page of Ruiz and Pavon's work, the descriptions of the
two plants are much alike. Certainly the plant can not be a species
of Coccocypselum.
Hoffmannia latifolia (Bartl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 284. 1891.
Higginsia latifolia Bartl. ex DC. Prodr. 4: 399. 1830.
A shrub up to 1.8 meters high, or reported, probably incorrectly,
as a tree 6 meters high, the young branchlets minutely villosulous or
glabrate; leaves large, herbaceous, abruptly acuminate, long-
attenuate to the base, ferruginous- villosulous beneath, at least along
the veins, paler beneath ; cymes equaling or shorter than the petioles,
the flowers pedicellate; calyx lobes broadly triangular, obtuse, very
short; corolla obtuse in bud, 5 mm. long or more, glabrous outside;
fruit white, pink, or wine-colored, broadly ellipsoid, 5 mm. long or
more.
Ayacucho: Aina, 750-1,000 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith
22767. Carrapa, 1,500 meters, Killip & Smith 22356. Cajamarca:
Tambillo, Raimondi 5996. Huanuco: Type from the mountains of
Peru, perhaps from Huanuco, Haenke. Pampayacu, Kanehira 102.
Junin: Between San Nicolas and Azupizu, 650-900 meters, dense
forest, Killip & Smith 26106. Also in Bolivia.
Hoffmannia Mathewsii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 328. 1929.
A branched shrub, the branchlets ferruginous-tomentose; leaves
ternate, short-petiolate, the blades elliptic or elliptic-ovate, 3.5-5
cm. long, long-acuminate, narrowed to the base, rusty- villosulous
beneath, especially on the veins; cymes long-pedunculate, laxly
FLORA OF PERU 93
few-flowered, the pedicels 3-6 mm. long; corolla 10-11 mm. long,
sparsely ferruginous- villosulous, the lobes half as long as the tube.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews, type.
Hoffmannia obovata (R. & P.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4:
281. 1929. Ohigginisia obovata R. & P. Fl. 1: 56. pi. 85, f. b. 1798.
Higginsia obovata Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 133. 1805. Evosmia obovata
Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 417. 1825.
A sparsely branched shrub about 1 meter high; leaves opposite,
on rather long petioles, the blades short-acuminate, attenuate to
the base; cymes few-flowered, almost equaling the petioles, usually
clustered, the flowers pedicellate; calyx lobes short; corolla flesh-
colored, obtuse in bud, the tube short; fruits oblong, purple.
Neg. 371.
Huanuco: Type from Mufia, Ruiz & Pavon (photo, of authentic
specimen seen, ex hb. Berol.).
It is probable that a synonym of this, or at least a closely related
species, is Condalia obovata R. & P. (Fl. 1: 54. 1798; Coccocypselum
obovatum Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 132. 1805), which was described from
Chinchao. The descriptions of the two plants certainly are strikingly
similar.
Hoffmannia verticillata (R. & P.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4:
281. 1929. Ohigginsia verticillata R. & P. Fl. 1: 55. pi. 85, f. a. 1798.
Higginsia verticillata Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 133. 1805. Evosmia verticillata
Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 417. 1825.
A slender, branched shrub 1-3 meters high, the branches sparsely
villous; leaves small, the blades acuminate, attenuate to the base and
often almost sessile, glabrous above, puberulent or villosulous
beneath along the veins; cymes mostly 3-flowered, on long, slender
peduncles, usually much longer than the petioles; corolla red, 5-6
mm. long, glabrous or nearly so, the lobes shorter than the tube;
fruit pink, 6-7 mm. long. Neg. 369.
Huanuco: Type from forests of Muna, Ruiz & Pavdn (photo,
seen of authentic specimen, ex hb. Berol.). Haucachi, 1,950 meters,
bamboo thicket, 4164- Muna, 1,800-2,400 meters, May, 1863,
Pearce; in damp woods, 2,700 meters, Pearce 138, 126. Junin:
Carrapa, 2,700-3,200 meters, edge of forest, Killip & Smith 24459.
Hoffmannia villosula Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 167. 1930.
A shrub 1 meter high or less, apparently simple, the young
branchlets sparsely villosulous; leaf blades thin, 9-15 cm. long,
94 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
long-acuminate, acute or attenuate at the base; cymes shorter than
the petioles; calyx lobes linear-attenuate, 1.2 mm. long; fruit pink
or red, oval, 6-7 mm. long.
Junin: Above San Ramon, 1,400-1,700 meters, dense forest,
Killip & Smith 24817 (type), 24544. Huanuco: Moist forest,
Cochero, Poeppig 1445.
Hoffmannia Williamsii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 215. 1936.
Leaves slender-petiolate, the blades thin, 8-13 cm. long, long-
acunainate, long-attenuate to the base, copiously rusty-villous
beneath, especially on the veins; flowers densely clustered in the leaf
axils, sessile or nearly so; calyx lobes very short; fruit ellipsoid,
4-5 mm. long, glabrate.
San Martin: San Roque, 1,400 meters, edge of trail, Williams
7369, type. Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, in mountain forest, 1,100
meters, Klug 3759; flowers cream-colored.
43. BERTIERA Aubl.
Slender shrubs or small trees; stipules interpetiolar, narrow,
united at the base with the petiole; leaves opposite, short-petiolate,
membranaceous; flowers small, in open, terminal panicles, the
branches usually dichotomous, the flowers more or less secund,
5-parted; calyx small, cupular, truncate or dentate; corolla funnel-
form, the lobes acute, contorted in bud; stamens inserted in the
throat of the corolla; fruit baccate, 2-celled, subglobose; seeds
numerous, minute, tuberculate.
Ultimate branchlets of the inflorescence short, usually 4-6-flowered ;
corolla 5-7 mm. long; fruit conspicuously 10-costate.
B. guianensis.
Ultimate branches usually much elongate and 10-20-flowered;
corolla 3 mm. long; fruit not costate -. .B. parviflora.
.Bertiera guianensis Aubl. PL Guian. 180. pi. 69. 1775. Ham-
elia micrantha Poepp. ex Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 324.
1889, in syn.
A slender shrub 2-4.5 meters high, the terete branches strigose or
glabrate; stipules triangular, acuminate, 5-11 mm. long, erect;
leaves short-petiolate, the blades oblong or ovate-oblong, 8-18 cm.
long, acuminate, obtuse or acute at the base, sparsely appressed-
pilose, at least on the veins; panicles narrow, 10-20 cm. long; calyx
lobes triangular; corolla white or greenish white, strigose, the lobes
FLORA OF PERU 95
much shorter than the tube; fruit depressed-globose, 4 mm. broad,
deep blue to almost black.
Loreto: Iquitos, 120 meters, Williams 7944,' Killip & Smith
27128. Punchana, in forest, Williams 3758. Mishuyacu, 100
meters, in forest, Klug 212. Parana Pura, Yurimaguas, in forest,
Williams 4624. Fortaleza, 140 meters, in forest, Klug 2828. Florida,
180 meters, in forest, Klug 2164. Yurimaguas, edge of forest,
Williams 4121. Between Yurimaguas and Balsapuerto, 140 meters,
Killip & Smith 28373, 28246. Yurimaguas, Killip & Smith 29111.
Pebas, on the Amazon, Williams 1 784, 1 776. Caballo-cocha, on the
Amazon, Williams 2045, 2041- San Martin: Tarapoto, 750 meters,
Williams 6117, 6676. Widely distributed in tropical America.
"Ruicha-ey" (Huitoto name).
Bertiera parviflora Spruce ex Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt.
6: 325. 1889.
A shrub 1.5-4.5 meters high, the branches appressed-pilose;
leaves short-petiolate, the blades lanceolate or lance-oblong, 12-20
cm. long, long-acuminate, acute at the base, appressed-pilose
beneath on the veins; inflorescence 10-20 cm. long, long-pedunculate,
the branches slender, often much elongate, the flowers on very short
pedicels; calyx lobes triangular-ovate; corolla white, sparsely and
minutely pilose outside, the lobes much shorter than the tube; fruit
blue or dark purple, 3 mm. broad. "Mullaca grande." Neg. 2774.
Loreto: Santa Rosa, 700 meters, in dense forest, Killip & Smith
26193. Puerto Bermudez, 375 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith
26477. Pongo de Manseriche, Mexia 6358. Puerto Yessup, 400
meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 26233. Loreto: San Antonio,
Alto Rio Itaya, Williams 3442. Lower Rio Huallaga, 200 meters,
Williams 3862. Pebas, on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 1725.
San Antonio, Rio Itaya, Killip & Smith 29532. Mishuyacu, Klug
577. Caballo-cocha, on the Amazon, Williams 2324, 2253. Pinto-
cocha, on the Amazon, Williams 817. Iquitos, Killip & Smith
27271 . Yurimaguas, 135 meters, Killip & Smith 29059. Also in the
Amazon Valley of Brazil.
44. HAMELIA Jacq.
Shrubs or small trees with opposite or verticillate leaves; stipules
inconspicuous, finally deciduous; flowers rather small, often con-
spicuously secund, arranged in cymes, 5-parted ; calyx short or deeply
lobate; corolla tubular or funnelform and ventricose, red or yellow,
96 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
the lobes imbricate in bud; stamens adnate at base to the corolla
tube, the linear anthers more or less exserted; ovary 5-celled; fruit
baccate, juicy, containing many minute, foveolate seeds.
Corolla tubular, orange-red; leaves usually conspicuously pubescent
beneath, mostly ternate H. patens.
Corolla much widened above, yellow or yellow and red; leaves
glabrous or nearly so.
Leaves chiefly ternate; corolla 2.5 cm. long H. Klugii.
Leaves opposite; corolla 1 cm. long H. lutea.
Hamelia Klugii Standl., sp. nov.
Arbor 8-metralis, ramis gracilibus minute puberulis, internodiis
brevibus, stipulis minutis; folia ternata parva petiolata papyracea,
petiolo gracili ad 12 mm. longo; lamina lanceolato-oblonga vel
oblongo-oblanceolata 4.5-9 cm. longa 1.5-3 cm. lata subabrupte
anguste longiacuminata, basin versus longe attenuata, in sicco
fusca, sublucida, supra glabra, subtus ubique minute papillosa, in
axillis nervorum minute barbata, aliter glabra; flores ut videtur
axillares vel terminales et fasciculati pauci, pedicellis gracilibus ad
14 mm. longis minute puberulis; hypanthium oblongum 5 mm.
longum minute puberulum, sepalis lineari-oblongis obtusis viridibus
4-5 mm. longis; corolla "rubra et lutea" ventricosa extus sparse
minute puberula 2.5 cm. longa, tubo 5-6 mm. tantum longo supra
basin constricto, fauce corollae 1 cm. lato; antherae lineares apice
exsertae 1.5 cm. longae; baccae immaturae oblongae 12 mm. longae
fere glabrae.
San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1,100 meters, in
mountain forest, King 3664 (herb. Field Mus. No. 752,938, type).
The species is an exceptionally distinct one because of its com-
bination of ventricose corolla and ternate leaves.
Hamelia lutea Rohr ex Smith in Rees, Cycl. 5: 17. 1811.
A slender shrub 2.5-3.5 meters high; stipules 3-4 mm. long;
leaves long-petiolate, membranaceous, the blades elliptic to ovate or
ovate-oblong, usually 6-15 cm. long, acuminate, nearly glabrous,
barbellate beneath along the costa; cymes terminal, many-flowered;
calyx lobes short, triangular-subulate; corolla 1 cm. long, glabrous;
fruit oblong, 6-8 mm. long. "Juto bianco."
Amazonas: Mouth of Rio Santiago, Tessmann 3986. Loreto:
Puerto Arturo, in forest, Williams 5159, 5179, 4974, 5013; Killip
& Smith 27721. Fortaleza, Yurimaguas, edge of forest, Williams
FLORA OF PERU 97
4399. Portal, Rio Huallaga, 135 meters, KUlip & Smith 29251.
Between Yurimaguas and Balsapuerto, 150 meters, dense forest,
KUlip & Smith 28358. Santa Rosa, 135 meters, in forest, KUlip
& Smith 28735. San Martin: Pongo de Cainarachi, King 2753.
Juan Jui, 230 meters, King 2753. Rumizapa, near Tarapoto,
Williams 6760. Tarapoto, Spruce 4231 ; Williams 6301. Rio Mayo,
Tarapoto, in forest, Williams 6365, 6263. Widely distributed in
tropical America, ranging from Bolivia northward.
Hamelia patens Jacq. Enum. PL Carib. 16. 1760. H. erecta
Jacq. loc. cit. H. sphaerocarpa R. & P. Fl. 2: 69. pi. 221, f. b. 1799.
A shrub 1-4.5 meters high; stipules triangular, 2-4 mm. long;
leaves long-petiolate, membranaceous, the blades oblong-lanceolate
to ovate or broadly elliptic, mostly 8-14 cm. long, acute or acum-
inate, acute at the base, usually copiously short-pilose beneath;
sepals broadly triangular, acute, 1 mm. long or less; corolla usually
orange-red, minutely puberulent, 1-1.5 cm. long; fruit oval to sub-
globose, about 5-7 mm. long, red to purple or almost black.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews. Ayacucho: Aina, 750-1,000
meters, open woods, KUlip & Smith 22844, 22721. Cuzco: Valle
Lares, Diehl 2501d. Huanuco: Pampayacu, Kanehira 197. Posuso,
600 meters, 4679. La Merced, edge of forest, 600 meters, 5417,
5416. Junin: Colonia Perene", 680 meters, KUlip & Smith 24966.
La Merced, 700 meters, in thickets, KUlip & Smith 23814, 23785.
Rio Pinedo, 800 meters, thickets, KUlip & Smith 23574. Loreto:
Iquitos, edge of forest, Williams 3686, 1404, 1435; KUlip & Smith
27132. Puerto Arturo, abandoned lands, Williams 5161; in pasture,
Williams 5188. Florida, King 2062, 2219. Rio Putumayo, King
1645. Santa Rosa, in forest, Williams 4785. Pebas, in forest,
Williams 1775. Mishuyacu, 100 meters, in clearing, Klug 521, 671.
Recreo, Yurimaguas, in forest, Williams 4159. Balsapuerto, Klug
2928. Rio Maranon Valley, 150 meters, dense forest, KUlip &
Smith 29144. San Martin: Zepelacio, 1,200 meters, Klug 3302.
Tarapoto, Williams 5499; Spruce 4188. Lamas, Williams 6336.
Salavera, San Roque, in forest, Williams 7808. Without locality:
Mathews 3135. Generally distributed in tropical America; a fre-
quent weed in cut-over land or second growth. Ranging northward
to Florida. "Usiya-ey" (Huitoto name).
Hamelia sphaerocarpa, described from Chinchao, is maintained
as a distinct species by Wernham (Journ. Bot. 49: 213. 1911), but
it seems to differ only in having spherical rather than ellipsoid fruit,
and is scarcely to be regarded as more than a minor variant.
98 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
45. BOTHRIOSPORA Hook. f.
Trees or shrubs with terete branchlets; stipules free, caducous;
leaves opposite, petiolate; flowers small, 4-6-parted, arranged in
terminal, opposite-branched panicles, short-pedicellate; calyx divided
into 4-5 lobes; corolla short-funnelform or subrotate, the lobes
contorted or imbricate in bud, reflexed, pubescent outside; stamens
exserted; fruit baccate, subglobose, 4-5-celled; seeds numerous.
Bothriospora corymbosa (Benth.) Hook. f. Icon. PI. 11: 55.
pi. 1069. 1870; Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 329. pi. 139. 1889.
Evosmia corymbosa Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 218. 1841.
Branches slender, glabrous; stipules 1 cm. long; leaves slender-
petiolate, the blades oblong-ovate, 4-9 cm. long, acutish, obtuse at
the base, glabrous; panicles pedunculate, corymbiform, 4-6.5 cm.
long, lax; calyx lobes oblong, obtuse; corolla white, 5-6 mm. long,
the lobes obtuse; fruit yellow, 3-5 mm. in diameter.
Loreto: Rio Itaya, Williams 118, 119. Rio Itaya, 100 meters,
on inundated bank, Mexia 6483, 6486. Florida, dense forest, 180
meters, King 2168. Also in Amazonian Brazil and in British Guiana.
"Junuisico-ey" (Huitoto name).
Schumann compares the foliage to that of the pear, and the com-
parison is an apt one. According to Schomburgk, who collected the
original specimens in British Guiana, the wood is considered by the
Indians to be poisonous, and some of them had been poisoned by
using spits made from it for roasting meat over the fire. Recent
collectors describe the plant as a tree of 4-8 meters, with wide-
spreading branches and thick foliage, the flowers white and slightly
fragrant.
46. POSOQUERIA Aubl.
Shrubs or trees; stipules subulate or foliaceous, glandular within;
leaves opposite, petiolate, commonly coriaceous; flowers large and
showy, terminal, cymose-corymbose or umbellate, 5-parted; calyx
lobate, the segments more or less auriculate at the base; corolla
funnelform or salverform, curved in bud, the lobes unequal, the
tube much elongate and slender, glabrous within; stamens unequal,
inserted in the mouth of the corolla, the anthers linear; fruit large,
baccate, 2-celled; seeds numerous, large, irregular.
Corolla commonly 10-17 cm. long; leaf blades ovate-oblong to
broadly ovate, short-acuminate P. latifolia.
Corolla 24-27 cm. long; leaf blades oblong or narrowly oblong,
long-acuminate P. longiflora.
FLORA OF PERU 99
Posoqueria latifolia (Rudge) R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 227. 1819.
Solena latifolia Rudge, PL Guian. 1: 26. 1806.
A glabrous tree 5-15 meters high, or sometimes only a shrub;
stipules triangular and 5-10 mm. long, or sometimes foliaceous and
much larger; leaf blades coriaceous, 10-20 cm. long, acute to sub-
cordate at the base; inflorescence corymbiform, few- or many-
flowered, dense, the flowers fragrant; calyx lobes ovate-triangular,
acute or subobtuse; corolla white, the lobes lance-oblong, obtuse,
1.5-2 cm. long; fruit globose, about 3 cm. in diameter.
Loreto: Manfinfa, Rio Nanay, in forest, Williams 1125. Rio
Nanay, in forest, Williams 852. Timbuchi, Williams 998. La
Victoria, Williams 2533, 2874. Mainas, Poeppig 2067. Fortaleza,
Yurimaguas, edge of forest, Williams 4245. San Antonio, Killip &
Smith 29472. Santa Rosa, 135 meters, Killip & Smith 28979.
Mishuyacu, King 963. San Martin: Tarapoto, Wittiams 6532,
6701, 6545, 6540. Widely distributed in tropical America.
The fruit is sometimes eaten, but its flavor is not attractive.
The tree is an exceptionally handsome one when in blossom.
Posoqueria longiflora Aubl. PI. Guian. 134. pi. 51. 1775.
A tall shrub or small tree, glabrous throughout; stipules subulate,
7-9 mm. long; leaves short-petiolate, 10-20 cm. long, usually acute
at the base; inflorescence few-flowered and umbel-like; calyx lobes
triangular-ovate, acute; corolla white, the lobes linear-lanceolate,
acute or subobtuse, reflexed, 3-5 cm. long; fruit subglobose, yellow,
6-8 cm. in diameter.
Loreto: Iquitos, 100 meters, Mexia 6509. Rio Masana, Williams
28, 168. Mishuyacu, 100 meters, King 1224- Yurimaguas, Poeppig
1809. San Martin: Tarapoto, in forest, Williams 6101; Spruce
4571. Also in Brazil, Colombia, and the Guianas.
The flowers are pendent, as in most other species of the genus.
47. TOCOYENA Aubl.
Unarmed shrubs or small trees; stipules chiefly caducous, glandu-
lar within; leaves opposite, petiolate, usually herbaceous; flowers
large and showy, terminal, cymose, perfect, 4-6-parted; calyx
cupular, dentate, glandular within; corolla funnelform or salverform,
the tube greatly elongate and slender, glabrous or pubescent in the
throat, the lobes obtuse or acute, contorted; stamens sessile in the
corolla throat; fruit baccate, globose or oblong, 2-celled; seeds
numerous, compressed, horizontal.
100 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Leaf blades 3-7.5 cm. wide T. amazonica.
Leaf blades mostly 10-16 cm. wide.
Corolla lobes obtuse, 12 mm. long T. Williamsii.
Corolla lobes acuminate, 25-30 mm. long or more . . . . T. foetida.
Tocoyena amazonica Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 350. 1931.
A shrub, the branchlets puberulent or glabrate; leaves short-
petiolate, membranaceous, the blades elliptic-oblong or oblanceo-
late-oblong, 11-21 cm. long, minutely puberulent beneath on the
veins or glabrate; flowers fasciculate, few, pedicellate; calyx 4 mm.
long, the teeth broadly triangular, acute; fruit globose, 2 cm. in
diameter.
Loreto: Rio Masana, Williams 21, type. Pebas, on the Amazon,
in forest, Williams 1811.
It is doubtful whether this is distinct from T. foetida, but the
question can not be settled until the flowers have been collected.
Tocoyena foetida P. & E. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 25. pi. 229. 1845.
Posoqueria speciosa Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 137. 1907, nomen;
Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 50: 104. 1908.
A shrub or small tree, the branchlets appressed-pilose or glabrate;
stipules 7-10 mm. long, triangular, acuminate; leaves short-petiolate,
blackening when dried (as in other species), the blades oblong-
lanceolate to elliptic or ovate, 20-35 cm. long or larger, acuminate,
acute at the base, pubescent or glabrate beneath; inflorescence head-
like, sessile, few- or many-flowered; calyx 2 mm. long, the teeth
subulate; corolla ochroleucous, pubescent, the very slender tube
about 18-20 cm. long; fruit ellipsoid, 4.5 cm. long or larger. Neg. 317.
Loreto: La Victoria, on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 2617.
Pebas, in forest, Williams 1757. Iquitos, Tessmann 367 J^. Also in
Amazonian Brazil and Venezuela.
Tocoyena Williamsii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. S: 349. 1931.
A medium-sized tree with glabrous branchlets; leaves short-
petiolate, chartaceous, the blades elliptic-obovate, 15-34 cm. long,
short-acuminate, cuneate-acute at the base, glabrous; inflorescence
cymose, densely many-flowered, short-pedunculate, glabrous, the
flowers sessile or short-pedicellate; calyx 2-2.5 mm. long, truncate;
corolla tube slender, 9-9.5 cm. long; fruit globose, 7 cm. in diameter.
Loreto: Iquitos, 120 meters, Williams 8097, type. San Martin:
Pongo de Cainarachi, 230 meters, in forest, Klug 2750; a tree of
20 meters, the flowers golden yellow.
FLORA OF PERU 101
48. SPHINGTANTHUS Benth.
Shrubs or small trees, unarmed; stipules glandular within;
leaves opposite, short-petiolate; flowers large, terminal, perfect,
5-6-parted, solitary or in small cymes; calyx deeply dentate; corolla
salverform, the oblique lobes about equaling the tube, contorted in
bud, the tube indurate at the base, more or less pubescent within;
stamens inserted in the corolla throat, sessile, the anthers linear;
fruit oblong or globose, 2-celled, baccate; seeds numerous, hori-
zontal, compressed.
Sphinctanthus maculatus Spruce ex Schum. in Mart. Fl.
Bras. 6, pt. 6: 356. 1889.
A slender shrub or small tree, 2-4.5 meters high, with glabrous
branches; stipules 2-3 mm. long; leaf blades firm-membranaceous,
oblong to elliptic or obovate, 10-20 cm. long, acuminate, acute or
contracted at the base, glabrous above, barbellate beneath in the
axils of the nerves; inflorescence cymose, few-flowered, the flowers
pedicellate; hypanthium turbinate; calyx 5-6 mm. long, the lobes
subulate; corolla 5-6 cm. long, white, tomentulose, the tube stout,
striate, the spreading lobes rhombic, obtuse or acute; fruit orange
or yellow, globose, 2-3 cm. in diameter. Neg. 314.
Junin: Cahuapanas, 340 meters, in forest, Killip & Smith 26729.
Loreto: Mouth of Rio Santiago, Tessmann 4229. Huallaga, Yuri-
maguas, in forest, Williams 4659. Puerto Arturo, in pasture, Wil-
liams 5198. Yurimaguas, Williams 4730. Balsapuerto, 200 meters,
Killip & Smith 28645. Also in Amazonian Brazil.
49. RANDIA L.
Trees or shrubs, often armed with spines; stipules small, often
subconnate; leaves opposite, sessile or petiolate; flowers small or
large, perfect or unisexual, often dioecious, axillary or terminal,
solitary or fasciculate; calyx lobate, dentate, or truncate; corolla
funnelform or salverform, with short or elongate tube, the lobes
contorted in bud ; stamens inserted in the corolla throat, the filaments
short or obsolete; fruit baccate, commonly 2-celled, globose or oval;
seeds numerous or few, mostly horizontal, compressed.
Plants armed with spines.
Corolla commonly 2-4 cm. long.
Calyx lobes linear or subulate R. armata.
Calyx lobes oblong-obovate, foliaceous R. calgcina.
102 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Corolla less than 1 cm. long.
Leaf blades glabrous or nearly so, elliptic to obovate, mostly
2-3 cm. long R. boliviano,.
Leaf blades densely or sparsely pubescent, sometimes much
larger.
Leaf blades orbicular or nearly so, rounded at the apex.
R. rotundifolia.
Leaf blades obovate, acute or acuminate R. obovata.
Plants unarmed.
Stipules 3 cm. long, persistent, conspicuous R. Tessmannii.
Stipules small and inconspicuous, deciduous.
Corolla glabrous outside, the tube 20 cm. long . . .R. Williamsii.
Corolla pubescent outside.
Corolla tube 17-25 cm. long R. Ruiziana.
Corolla tube 2-3 cm. long.
Flowers pedicellate; leaves tomentose beneath.
R. aurantiaca.
Flowers sessile; leaves not tomentose R. Killipii.
Randia armata (Sw.) DC. Prodr. 4: 387. 1830. Mussaenda
spinosa Jacq. Sel. Stirp. 70. 1763. Gardenia armata Sw. Prodr. 51.
1788. R. spinosa Karst. Fl. Columb. 2: 128. 1869, non Poir. 1811.
Basanacantha spinosa Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 376. 1889.
A shrub or tree 1-6 meters high, armed with stout, sharp spines
1-2.5 cm. long, the spines usually in 4's at the ends of the branch-
lets; stipules 3-8 mm. long; leaves petiolate, usually membran-
aceous, the blades ovate to obovate, mostly 5-10 cm. long, acute or
acuminate at each end, minutely appressed-pilose beneath on the
veins or glabrate; flowers dioecious, pedicellate, clustered; calyx
lobes 4-9 mm. long; corolla white or cream-colored, the 5 lobes
rhombic-obovate, about 1 cm. long, obtuse; fruit oval or globose,
1-2.5 cm. thick, yellowish or greenish.
Ayacucho: Near Kimpitiriki, 400 meters, in forest, Killip &
Smith 22863. Loreto: Puerto Arturo, 200 meters, in forest, Wil-
liams 5165, 5244; Killip & Smith 27904- Santa Rosa, in forest,
Williams 4859; Killip & Smith 28945. Above Pongo de Manseriche,
200 meters, Mexia 6368, 6224. Soledad, Rio Itaya, 110 meters,
Killip & Smith 29708. Balsapuerto, Killip & Smith 28449, 28641-
FLORA OF PERU 103
Upper Maranon, 160 meters, Tessmann 4623. Yonan, Lower
Huallaga, 130 meters, in forest, Tessmann 3772. Schumann reports
also Poeppig 2355 from Yurimaguas. San Martin: Juan Jui, Klug
3848. Tarapoto, in forest, Williams 6700, 6556. Juan Guerra,
Williams 6918. Morales, Tarapoto, Williams 5674; Spruce 4246.
Rio Mayo, near Tarapoto, Spruce 4364- Widely distributed in
South America; ranging northward to Mexico and the West Indies.
"Espuela casha," "espino," "clavo-caspi." The shrub is abun-
dant in many parts of tropical America, sometimes forming dense
thickets. The flowers, although rather large, are inconspicuous,
unless borne in unusual abundance. The fruit is filled with a black,
slimy pulp of repulsive appearance, which nevertheless is sometimes
eaten by people, although of scarcely pleasant flavor. It is much
sought by birds, which extract it from a hole punctured in one side
of the rind.
Randia armata var. pubescens (HBK.) Standl., comb. nov.
Mussaenda pubescens HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 420. 1820. Basana-
cantha spinosa var. pubescens Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6:
378. 1889.
Like the species, but the leaves softly pubescent, at least beneath,
or sometimes subtomentose.
Junin: Colonia Perene', 600 meters, in forest, Killip & Smith
25139. Loreto: Yurimaguas, in forest, Williams 4117; Killip &
Smith 28001. Between Yurimaguas and Balsapuerto, 150 meters,
in forest, Killip & Smith 28083. Distributed with the species.
This probably is a form of only slight importance, and scarcely
deserving of varietal rank.
Randia aurantiaca Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 327. 1929.
A shrub 1-4 meters high; stipules 5-7 mm. long; leaves on short,
slender petioles, membranaceous, the blades oblong-elliptic or
obovate-elliptic, 4-13 cm. long, short-acuminate, usually acute at
the base, pilose or puberulent above, densely tomentose beneath;
flowers terminal, solitary or clustered; calyx lobes linear-subulate,
4-5 mm. long; corolla orange, densely sericeous outside, the lobes
ovate-oblong, long-acuminate, 2.5 cm. long. Neg. 313.
Tumbes: Mountains east of Hacienda Chicama, 600 meters,
Weberbauer 7665, type. Also in Ecuador.
Randia boliviana Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 368. 1907.
A spiny shrub 2 meters high, or sometimes a tree of 6 meters;
leaves short-petiolate, coriaceous, the blades mostly rounded at the
104 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
apex but sometimes even acute; flowers few, perfect, inconspicuous;
corolla white, glabrous outside, 8 mm. long; fruit globose, 1.5 cm.
in diameter.
Cajamarca: Montana de Nancho, 2,300 meters, Raimondi 7638.
Cuzco: Without definite locality, Gay. Also in Bolivia.
Randia calycina Cham. Linnaea 9: 246. 1834. Basanacantha
calycina Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 375. 1889.
A spiny shrub; stipules 4-5 mm. long; leaves petiolate, mem-
branaceous, the blades obovate-oblong to elliptic, nearly glabrous;
flowers dioecious, cymose, terminal, short-pedicellate; calyx lobes
green, 8-12 mm. long; corolla white, glabrous outside, 2-3 cm. long.
Neg. 332.
Junin: La Merced, 1,000 meters, Weberbauer 1946. Also in
Ecuador and Brazil.
Closely related to R. armata, and perhaps better treated as a
variety of that species.
Randia Killipii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 170. 1930.
An unarmed shrub or tree 2.5-9 meters high; stipules ovate-
triangular or lance- triangular, 5-10 mm. long; leaves membran-
aceous, slender-petiolate, the blades elliptic or obovate-elliptic,
11-14 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate, acute or obtuse at the
base, puberulent or pilosulous beneath or glabrate; staminate
flowers capitate; calyx truncate, 1.5 mm. long; corolla white, puberu-
lent or hirtellous, the tube 3 cm. long, the lobes lance-oblong, 3.5
cm. long, acuminate; fruit globose, 2.5 cm. in diameter.
Junin: Enenas, 1,600-1,900 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith
25643. Loreto: San Antonio, Rio Itaya, dense forest, 110 meters,
Killip & Smith 29495, type; Williams 3508. Soledad, Rio Itaya,
Killip & Smith 29730, 29716. Paraiso, Alto Itaya, in forest, Wil-
liams 3372. Also in Colombia.
Randia obovata R. & P. Fl. 2: 68. 1799. R. pubescens R. & P.
Fl. 2: pi. 220, f. b. 1799. Gardenia obovata Dietr. Vollst. Lex. Nachtr.
3: 441. 1821.
A straggling shrub, armed with short or elongate, straight spines;
leaves short-petiolate, membranaceous, mostly 3-10 cm. long, acute
or attenuate at the base, densely pubescent beneath or in age gla-
brate; flowers perfect, axillary or lateral, solitary, sessile; corolla
white or greenish yellow, 5-6 mm. long; fruit globose, yellowish,
1.5 cm. in diameter. Neg. 324.
FLORA OF PERU 105
Huanuco: Described from Muna, Posuso, and Chinchao, Ruiz
& Pawn. Vilcabamba, 1,800 meters, forest slope, 5162. Muna,
2,100 meters, dense forest, 4016. Junin: Vitoc, in 1790, Tafalla
(photo, and fragm. ex hb. Berol.). Also in Argentina.
The specific name pubescens, which was used by De Candolle
in the Prodromus, appears only on the plate, doubtless as a result of
oversight on the part of the authors.
Randia rotundifolia R. & P. Fl. 2: 68. 1799.
A shrub with stout branches, armed with stiff, straight spines;
leaf blades thin, mostly orbicular or obovate-rounded and 1-2 cm.
long, rounded at the apex, obtuse to cuneate at the base, densely
pubescent on both surfaces, or glabrate in age; flowers perfect,
terminal, solitary, sessile; corolla small, white; fruit "as large as a
filbert," yellowish, the pulp black. "Millucassa." Neg. 325.
Junin: Type from Huasahuasi, Ruiz & Pavdn (photo, of authen-
tic specimen seen, ex hb. Berol.). Below Palca, 2,600 meters, on
rocks, Weberbauer 1757.
Randia Ruiziana DC. Prodr. 4: 388. 1830. Randia formosa
(Jacq.) Schum. var. longiflora (R. & P.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras.
6, pt. 6: 343. 1889. Gardenia longiflora R. & P. Fl. 2: 67. pi. 219,
f. a. 1799.
An unarmed shrub or small tree; stipules 2-4 mm. long; leaves
short-petiolate, ovate to oblong, acute or acuminate, acute at the
base, more or less pilose beneath, membranaceous; flowers perfect,
commonly solitary; corolla white, sericeous outside, the narrow
lobes long-acuminate, spreading, sometimes as much as 7 cm. long,
but usually shorter; fruit oblong or ellipsoid, 5-6 cm. long. Negs.
309, 311.
Huanuco: Posuso and Chacahuassi, Ruiz & Pavdn (photo, ex
hb. Berol.; type from Posuso). Loreto: Florida, King 2248, 2272.
Pebas, on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 1921. San Martin:
Tarapoto, Williams 6706, 6551; Spruce 4906. Without locality:
Ruiz & Pavdn 711. Also in Brazil and the Guianas. "Jigu-ey,"
"umruyo" (Huitoto names).
"Iscumnim," "nupchucri" (Ruiz & Pavdn); called "sucena" in
Brazil. The pulp of the fruit is edible. The shrub is remarkable
for the exaggerated size of its flowers, with long and slender corolla
tube.
106 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Randia Tessmannii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 327. 1929.
An unarmed shrub, or sometimes a tree of 5 meters; stipules
oblong-ovate, acute or acuminate, connate at the base, greenish,
longer than the petioles; leaves short-petiolate, thick, oblong or
oblong-lanceolate, 14-20 cm. long, long-acuminate, obtuse or acute
at the base, nearly glabrous; staminate flowers terminal, solitary,
short-pedicellate, subtended by large, stipule-like bracts; calyx 1
cm. long, dentate; corolla white, minutely sericeous, the tube 4
cm. long, the 6-7 lobes oblong or obovate, 5-5.5 cm. long, obtuse
and acuminate-apiculate; fruit globose, 3 cm. in diameter.
Loreto: Rio Ucayali, Tessmann 3246, type. Mainas, Poeppig
2284- Santa Rosa, in forest, Williams 4929. Puerto Arturo, Yuri-
maguas, in forest and at edge of river, Williams 5357, 5249. San
Martin: Juan Jui, 400 meters, Klug 3914- Without locality:
Poeppig 2284.
Randia Williamsii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 169. 1930.
A shrub, unarmed; stipules triangular-ovate, 7 mm. long; leaves
membranaceous, short-petiolate, the blades narrowly oblong or
lance-oblong, 11-23 cm. long, long-acuminate, acute at the base,
glabrous; flowers terminal, solitary, sessile; calyx tube 1 cm. long,
the 5 lobes filiform, 1.5 cm. long; corolla white, the slender tube
glabrous outside, the lobes linear-lanceolate, 6.5 cm. long, long-
attenuate; fruit oblong-oval, 5 cm. long, 2.5 cm. thick.
Loreto: La Victoria, on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 2538
(type), 2531.
50. GENIPA L.
Tall trees; stipules deciduous; leaves rather large, opposite,
petiolate, subcoriaceous; flowers large, in terminal, few-flowered
cymes, 5-6-parted; calyx tubular, truncate or shallowly lobate;
corolla salverform or subrotate, the lobes contorted, coriaceous, the
tube short, villous in the upper half; stamens inserted in the mouth
of the tube, exserted, the anthers linear; fruit baccate, ovoid or sub-
globose, 2-celled; seeds horizontal or oblique, large, compressed.
Genipa americana L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 931. 1759. G. oblongi-
folia R. & P. Fl. 2: 67. pi. 220, f. a. 1799. G. excelsa Krause, Bot.
Jahrb. 40: 327. 1908.
A tree 8-30 meters high, glabrous almost throughout; stipules
broadly triangular, 8-12 mm. long; leaves short-petiolate, oblong to
obovate, 10-35 cm. long, acute or acuminate, acute or attenuate at
FLORA OF PERU 107
the base; calyx 5-8 mm. long; corolla yellowish white, more or less
sericeous, 2-4.5 cm. long; fruit brownish, 6-7.5 cm. in diameter.
Junin: La Merced, 1,000 meters, Weberbauer 1901, type of G.
excelsa. Loreto: Caballo-cocha on the Amazon, in forest, Williams
2147. Manfinfa, Alto Rio Nanay, Williams 1096. La Victoria, on
the Amazon, Williams 2932. Lower Rio Nanay, Williams 607.
Rio Itaya, Williams 142. Puerto Arturo, Yurimaguas, Williams
4998. Sapote Yacu, Santa Rosa, in pasture, Williams 4830. Mishu-
yacu, Klug 690. San Martin: Pampa Hermosa, Ruiz & Pav6n
(photo, of type of G. oblongifolia}. San Roque, Williams 7379.
Widely distributed in tropical America. Negs. 356, 357.
"Jagua," "vito," "yaku-huito," "vitu," "palo Colorado. Known
in Brazil by the names "jenipapa," "jenipabo," "jenipapo." The
wood is strong, resistant, and flexible. Ruiz and Pavon report
that it was employed in Peru for making various utensils, and it is
a favorite wood for construction purposes in many parts of tropical
America. The pulp of the fruit is edible, but not remarkably
palatable. Its dark juice leaves an indelible stain upon every
object that it touches. It formerly was much used by the aborigines
for painting their bodies, yielding a dark blue or black color, and
doubtless it still is employed in the same manner by the uncivilized
Indians of the forests along the eastern slopes of the Andes.
So far as I am able to determine, neither Genipa oblongifolia nor
G. excelsa differ in any respect from the typical form of G. americana.
GenipaCaruto, of northern South America, with soft-pubescent leaves,
is perhaps best regarded as a distinct species, although it differs little
from G. americana except in its copious pubescence.
51. GARDENIA Ellis
Shrubs or small trees, usually unarmed; stipules acute or acu-
minate, triangular; leaves commonly opposite; flowers large, axillary
and solitary or rarely terminal or corymbose; calyx tubular, spatha-
ceous, or parted; corolla salverform or funnelform, with elongate
tube, usually glabrous in the throat, the lobes 5-9; stamens inserted
in the corolla throat, the anthers sessile or subsessile; ovary com-
monly 1-celled; fruit usually fleshy, baccate, the seeds numerous,
horizontal.
Gardenia augusta (L.) Men*. Interp. Herb. Amboin. 485. 1917.
Varneria augusta L. Amoen. 4: 136. 1759. G. jasminoides Ellis,
Phil. Trans. 51, pt. 2: 935. 1761. G. florida L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 305. 1762.
108 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
A stout, densely branched shrub, the branchlets scaberulous-
puberulent; stipules 1 cm. long; leaves short-petiolate, coriaceous,
the blades obovate or oblong-obovate, 4-7.5 cm. long, obtuse or
acute, narrowed to the base, almost glabrous; flowers white, large
and showy, commonly double in the cultivated forms; calyx lobes
foliaceous, triangular-lanceolate, 2-2.5 cm. long.
Loreto (cultivated): Paraiso, Alto Rio Itaya, Williams 3237.
Near Iquitos, Williams 1509. Native of southern China.
"Jazmin," "jazmin de cabo." The plant is cultivated generally
in tropical regions for its handsome flowers.
52. DUROIA L. f.
Shrubs or trees, unarmed, with thick branchlets; stipules usually
united and forming a cap at first, but soon circumscissile or other-
wise deciduous; leaves opposite or verticillate, petiolate, chiefly
coriaceous; inflorescence terminal; flowers dioecious, usually 6-parted,
the staminate clustered or in cymes; calyx cupular or tubular,
truncate or lobate; corolla salverform, the lobes contorted in bud;
anthers sessile or subsessile at the middle of the corolla tube; pistil-
late flowers solitary or clustered, terminal; ovary usually 1-celled;
fruit large, baccate; seeds rounded-trigonous, compressed, with
fibrous-reticulate testa.
Young branches with large, hollow swellings. Leaves and fruit
densely hirsute D. hirsuta.
Young branches slender, not swollen.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so, not hirsute D. longifolia.
Leaves copiously hirsute on one or both surfaces.
Leaf blades narrowly oblong or oblanceolate-oblong.
D. stenophylla.
Leaf blades elliptic D. trichocarpa.
Duroia hirsuta (P. & E.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6:
367. 1889. Amaioua hirsuta P. & E. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 25. pi. 230.
1845.
A shrub or small tree 3-5 meters high, copiously hirsute through-
out; lowest node of each branchlet elongate and fusiform, the upper
ones abbreviated; stipules triangular-subulate; leaves short-petio-
late, the blades rather thin, obovate to oblong, 10-20 cm. long,
acuminate or cuspidate-acuminate, acute at the base; staminate
FLORA OF PERU 109
inflorescence head-like or cymose; calyx lobes linear and elongate;
corolla 2.5 cm. long, white, sericeous outside, the lobes longer than
the tube; pistillate flowers solitary, cream-colored; fruit ellipsoid,
2-celled, long-hirsute, about 3 cm. long.
Loreto: Forests of Rio Nanay, Williams 759. San Antonio, Rio
Itaya, Williams 3501 . Santa Rosa, in forest, 135 meters, Killip &
Smith 28947. Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, Klug 372.
Mouth of Rio Santiago, upper Maranon, Tessmann 4601. Soledad,
Rio Itaya, 110 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 29817. Florida,
180 meters, Klug 2289. Without locality: Poeppig 2823. Also in
Amazonian Brazil and in Colombia.
"Supai-quinilla," "sacha-runa-caspi," "supai-caspi," "palo del
diablo." The large, inflated nodes of the branches are inhabited
by ants.
Duroia longifolia (P. & E.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6:
365. 1889. Amaioua longifolia P. & E. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 26. 1845.
A shrub or small tree, the branchlets ferruginous-strigose or
glabrate; stipules as much as 3.5 cm. long, lanceolate, acute; leaves
short-petiolate, the blades narrowly oblong or oblanceolate-oblong,
10-25 cm. long, acuminate, acute or attenuate at the base, more or
less strigose or almost glabrous; staminate inflorescence cymose;
calyx lobes linear-subulate; corolla white, about 22 mm. long;
pistillate flowers solitary, pedicellate; fruit globose, glabrous, 2 cm.
in diameter. Neg. 336.
Loreto: Forest of Paraiso, Alto Rio Itaya, Williams 3373. Rio
Masana, Williams 162, 30. Also along the upper Amazon in Brazil.
The vernacular name "gurupea" is reported from Brazil.
Duroia stenophylla Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 353. 1931.
A shrub 2 meters high, the branchlets densely fulvous-hirsute;
stipules oblong, 2-3 cm. long, obtuse; leaves short-petiolate, opposite,
the blades about 17 cm. long, 4-5 cm. wide, caudate-acuminate;
staminate inflorescence cymose, pedunculate, rather few-flowered,
the flowers pedicellate; calyx lobes linear-subulate, 8 mm. long;
corolla sericeous outside, greenish white, the tube 13 mm. long, the
linear lobes 23 mm. long.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, in forest, Klug 699, type.
Duroia trichocarpa Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 353. 1931.
A medium-sized tree, the branchlets densely hirsute; leaves
opposite, the blades 14-26 cm. long, 7-16 cm. wide, acute and cau-
110 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
date-acuminate, hirsute or glabrate above, sparsely hirsute beneath ;
pistillate flowers densely fasciculate, sessile or subsessile; calyx
densely rusty-hirsute, the lobes linear; fruit obovoid-globose, 3 cm.
long, densely brown-hirsute.
Loreto: San Antonio, Alto Rio Itaya, in forest, Williams 3470,
type.
53. AMAIOUA Aubl.
Unarmed shrubs or small trees; stipules connate, becoming
cleft on one side or irregularly ruptured, finally circumscissile at the
base; leaves more or less coriaceous, petiolate, opposite, or ternate;
flowers usually 6-parted, dioecious; calyx tubular, the teeth short or
elongate; corolla salverform, the lobes equaling or shorter than the
tube, oblique, contorted in bud, sericeous outside, the tube con-
stricted at the throat, pubescent within near the base; stamens
inserted in the lower part of the tube, the anthers linear, dorsifixed
below the middle; fruit baccate, 2-celled; seeds numerous, horizontal,
rounded-trigonous.
Young branches with short, spreading hairs, becoming glabrate;
corolla 4-5 cm. long A. urophylla.
Young branches sericeous; corolla usually 1.5-2 cm. long.
Lobes of the staminate corolla equaling the tube; leaf blades
mostly oblong to oblong-lanceolate A. guianensis.
Lobes of the staminate corolla much shorter than the tube; leaf
blades usually broadly elliptic A. corymbosa.
Amaioua corymbosa HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 419. pi 294.
1819. (?)A. peruviana Desf . .M<m. Mus. Paris 6: 16. pi 4, / B. 1820.
A shrub or small tree; stipules oblong, acute, 1.5 cm. long,
sericeous outside; leaves short-petiolate, the blades 6-12.5 cm. long,
shortly obtuse-acuminate, short-acuminate at the base, glabrous
above, appressed-pilose beneath along the veins or glabrate; stami-
nate inflorescence corymbose, several-flowered; calyx lobes short or
minute; corolla 18-20 mm. long, the lobes narrowly lanceolate, sub-
falcate; pistillate inflorescence capitate, several-flowered, short-
pedunculate, the corolla about 1 cm. long; fruit ellipsoid, glabrate.
Neg. 339.
Ranging from Bolivia to the Guianas, Cuba, and Panama. A.
peruviana was based upon a specimen believed to have been collected
in Peru. It is referred doubtfully to the synonymy of A. corymbosa
by Schumann, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 360. 1889. It is uncertain,
FLORA OF PERU 111
of course, whether the reference is correct, and A. corymbosa may not
occur in Peru.
Amaioua guianensis Aubl. PI. Guian. Suppl. 13. pi. 375. 1775.
A shrub or tree 2.5-6 meters high; stipules commonly 8-12 mm.
long, sericeous outside; leaves short-petiolate, subcoriaceous, the
blades 10-20 cm. long, abruptly short-acuminate, acute to attenuate
at the base, glabrous above, beneath appressed-pilose or glabrate;
staminate inflorescence corymbose, several-flowered, the flowers
short-pedicellate; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate; corolla white, about
17 mm. long, the lobes acute, lanceolate; pistillate inflorescence
capitate, sessile, usually 5-6-flowered; fruit oblong or ellipsoid, 15-
17 mm. long, glabrate, yellowish to deep purple.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, in forest, Klug 852.
Balsapuerto, in dense forest, Killip & Smith 28398. Ranging to
Brazil and the Guianas.
The fruits are said to be edible.
Amaioua urophylla Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 354. 1931.
A tree 6 meters high; stipules ovate-triangular, 8-12 mm. long;
leaves short-petiolate, coriaceous, the blades oblong-elliptic, 10-20
cm. long, caudate-acuminate, acute to rounded at the base, glabrous
above, puberulent beneath and appressed-pilose on the veins;
staminate inflorescence pedunculate, many-flowered, dense, the
flowers sessile or subsessile; calyx teeth short, triangular; corolla
white, densely sericeous outside, the lobes linear-oblong-attenuate.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, in forest, Klug
419, type.
54. ALIBERTIA A. Rich.
Shrubs or small trees, glabrous or pubescent; stipules distinct;
flowers dioecious, small or medium-sized, the staminate fasciculate
or capitate, the pistillate usually solitary, 4-10-parted; staminate
flowers 4-5-parted, the calyx campanulate or tubular, truncate or
dentate, the corolla salverform, the lobes contorted in bud, usually
more or less oblique, the tube glabrous or puberulent in the throat;
stamens inserted on the corolla tube, the filaments short; fruit
baccate, globose, 2-5-celled, with fleshy pulp; seeds subcompressed,
suborbicular, with subfibrous testa.
Leaves densely pilose beneath. Corolla of staminate flower about
22 mm. long A. claviflora.
112 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Leaves glabrous.
Corolla of staminate flower about 15 mm. long; calyx with con-
spicuous, subulate teeth. Corolla lobes acuminate.
A. stenantha.
Corolla 20-25 mm. long; calyx truncate or with minute teeth.
Corolla straight in bud, the lobes acuminate, about equaling
the tube; calyx several times as long as the disk. . . A. edulis.
Corolla curved in bud, the lobes obtuse, shorter than the tube;
calyx little longer than the disk A. curviflora.
Alibertia claviflora Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 387. 1889.
Cordiera claviflora Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 279. 1891.
Stipules ovate-oblong, acuminate, 17-20 mm. long; petioles 8-20
mm. long; leaf blades oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 12-30 cm. long,
acuminate or cuspidate, subcoriaceous, glabrous above, soft-pubes-
cent beneath; staminate flowers terminal, about 8-fasciculate;
calyx short-pilose outside; corolla sparsely appressed-pilose outside,
the lobes acuminate, about equaling the tube. Neg. 22780.
San Martin: Near Tarapoto, Spruce 4477, type collection.
Alibertia curviflora Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 387.
1889. Cordiera curviflora Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 279. 1891.
Stipules ovate- triangular, 7 mm. long; leaves petiolate, the blade
oblong, 12-19 cm. long, shortly obtuse-acuminate, at the base
rounded and decurrent, herbaceous; staminate inflorescence about
10-flowered, subtended by 2 large, foliaceous bracts; calyx glabrous;
corolla minutely puberulent. Neg. 22781.
San Martin: Type collected along the Rio Mayo near Tarapoto,
Spruce 4806. Amazonian Brazil.
Alibertia edulis (L. Rich.) A. Rich, ex DC. Prodr. 4: 443. 1830.
Genipa edulis L. Rich. Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 107. 1792.
Cordiera edulis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 279. 1891.
A glabrous shrub or small tree; stipules triangular, acute or
acuminate, 6-10 mm. long; leaves short-petiolate, subcoriaceous,
the blades lance-oblong to oval-ovate, 6-20 cm. long, usually short-
acuminate, acute to rounded at the base; staminate flowers usually
6-8, terminal, sessile; corolla white, sparsely or densely sericeous
outside; fruit globose, green or yellowish, about 2.5 cm. in diameter,
containing numerous large seeds.
FLORA OF PERU 113
Loreto: Iquitos, Williams 8061. La Victoria, on the Amazon,
in forest, Williams 2921. San Martin: Juan Guerra, in forest,
Williams 6869. Tarapoto, 750 meters, Williams 6112. Ranging to
Brazil and northward to Mexico. Called "puruf" in Brazil.
All the specimens cited above are in fruit only, and their determi-
nation is open to question.
Alibertia stenantha Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 170. 1930.
A glabrous shrub; stipules lance- triangular, 7-8 mm. long;
leaves short-petiolate, membranaceous, the blades oblong-elliptic
or elliptic, 15-20 cm. long, abruptly caudate-acuminate, acute at
the base or sometimes rounded and decurrent, minutely barbate
beneath in the axils of the nerves; staminate inflorescence terminal,
sessile, many-flowered, the flowers short-pedicellate; calyx minutely
puberulent or almost glabrous; corolla glabrous outside, densely
barbate in the throat; pistillate flowers terminal, solitary; fruit
globose, 1.5-2 cm. in diameter.
Loreto: La Victoria, on the Amazon, Williams 3117 (type),
2941, 3116, 2833, 2848. San Antonio, on Rio Itaya, 110 meters,
Killip & Smith 29481 . Leticia, on the Amazon, in forest, Williams
3154, 3163, 3168. Iquitos, Williams 8046. Caballo-cocha, in
forest, Williams 2225. Santa Rosa, 135 meters, in forest, Killip &
Smith 28831. Amazonian Brazil.
The corollas are described as either yellow or white.
55. RETINIPHYLLUM Humb. & Bonpl.
Shrubs or small trees, the branches often exuding resin; stipules
persistent, united into a subentire or lobate sheath; leaves opposite,
short-petiolate, coriaceous; inflorescences axillary or terminal,
spike-like or raceme-like, the flowers sessile or pedicellate, caly-
culate by 2 bractlets; calyx usually 5-lobate; corolla tubular-salver-
form, the throat naked, the lobes contorted-imbricate; ovary several-
celled, the cells 2-ovulate; fruit fleshy, striate, subglobose, con-
taining 5 nutlets.
Leaves pilose beneath; pedicels 1 cm. long R. fuchsioides.
Leaves glabrous; pedicels much shorter R. angustiflorum.
Retiniphyllum angustiflorum Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 326.
1908.
A shrub 2-3 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, glabrous, the
blades oblong or elliptic-oblong, long-acuminate, acute at the base,
114 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
8-18 cm. long; racemes terminal, pedunculate, with numerous
rather evenly distributed flowers; calyx 5-dentate; corolla white,
minutely puberulent or glabrate, the tube 2 cm. long, the spreading
lobes half as long; fruit ovoid, red, 4-6 mm. long. Neg. 289.
Loreto: Near Rioja, 800-900 meters, Weberbauer 4695, type
(photo, and fragm. seen, ex hb. Berol.). Mishuyacu, near Iquitos,
in forest, 100 meters, King 133.
Retiniphyllum fuchsioides Krause, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb.
50: 101. 1908.
Said to be a scandent shrub; stipule tube 8-12 mm. long; leaf
blades oblong or elliptic-oblong, short-acuminate, acute at the
base, sparsely appressed-pilose above, more densely so beneath;
racemes long-pedunculate, longer than the leaves, rather evenly
many-flowered; calyx lobes triangular, acute; corolla red, glabrate,
the tube 2 cm. long; fruit globose, 6-8 mm. in diameter. Neg. 288.
Loreto: Cerro de Escalera, 1,100 meters, Vie 6544, type (photo,
and fragm. seen, ex hb. Berol.).
56. MACHAONIA Humb. & Bonpl.
Shrubs or small trees, often armed with spines; stipules small,
triangular; leaves opposite; flowers small, 4-5-parted, arranged in
terminal panicles or umbelliform cymes; sepals equal or unequal,
persistent; corolla short-funnelform, villous in the throat, the
lobes imbricate; stamens inserted in the corolla throat, the filaments
short or elongate, the anthers oblong, versatile; fruit dry, laterally
compressed, separating into 2 indehiscent, 1-seeded carpels.
Sepals narrowly lanceolate; leaves glabrate beneath. .M. peruviana.
Sepals broadly ovate or rounded, obtuse or rounded at the apex;
leaves densely velvety-pilosulous beneath M. Williamsii.
Machaonia peruviana Wernham, Journ. Bot. 51: 220. 1913.
A shrub with glabrous branches; leaf blades acuminate, hirtellous
above, glabrate beneath; flowers in lax, few-flowered panicles; corolla
2.5 mm. long, glabrous outside.
Type said to have been collected in Peru by Pavon; it may have
come from Ecuador. Known to the writer only from description.
Machaonia Williamsii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 357. 1931.
A shrub or small tree, the branchlets densely velutinous-pilo-
sulous; stipules 2.5-3.5 mm. long; leaves petiolate, membranaceous,
FLORA OF PERU 115
the blades oblong-elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 5-9.5 cm. long, acuminate,
acute or subobtuse at the base; inflorescence dense and many-
flowered, 2.5-10.5 cm. long; corolla glabrous outside, 2.5-3 mm.
long; fruit cuneate-obovate, 3 mm. long, puberulent.
San Martin: Juan Guerra, near Tarapoto, Williams 6886, type.
Rio Mayo, Tarapoto, in forest, Williams 6255, 6248, 6246, 6256.
57. GUETTARDA L.
Shrubs or small trees, sometimes armed with spines; leaves
opposite or ternate, usually coriaceous; inflorescences axillary,
frequently dichotomous and with secund flowers; calyx tubular, trun-
cate, persistent; corolla salverform, the lobes imbricate in bud;
anthers subsessile, included; ovary 2-9-celled; fruit drupaceous,
the endocarp woody or bone-like, surrounded by scant pulp or often
almost dry.
Fruit terete, not angled; inflorescence cymose or head-like, not
conspicuously dichotomous.
Pubescence of the lower leaf surface of spreading or at least not
closely appressed hairs; plants sometimes armed with spines.
Branches hirsute with long, spreading hairs, unarmed.
G. comata.
Branches not hirsute or, if so, the hairs very short, armed with
spines.
Spines recurved ; leaves short-petiolate G. ferox.
Spines straight; leaves on elongate petioles. . . .G. boliviana.
Pubescence of the lower leaf surface of closely appressed hairs;
plants unarmed.
Branches of the inflorescence elongate and recurved, the flowers
conspicuously secund; leaf blades acute at the base.G. Ulei.
Branches of the inflorescence short, erect, the flowers not evi-
dently secund ; leaf blades obtuse to subcordate at the base.
G. aromatica.
Fruit angled; inflorescence once furcate, with simple branches.
Pubescence of the lower leaf surface closely appressed.
G. ochreata.
Pubescence of the lower leaf surface of long, loosely matted hairs.
Fruit 5-celled G. hirsuta.
Fruit 2-3-celled G. dependens.
116 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Guettarda aromatica P. & E. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 27. pi. 232.
1845. G. nitida Krause, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 50: 107. 1908.
A rather slender shrub 2-4 meters high; petioles short or elongate;
leaf blades oblong to oblong-elliptic or even broader, mostly 10-18
cm. long, obtuse to short-acuminate, rather thin, glabrate above,
thinly sericeous beneath; peduncles equaling or shorter than the
leaves, the cymes dense and often head-like, few- or many-flowered ;
ovary usually 4-celled; corolla white, densely sericeous, the slender
tube 20-23 mm. long, the 5 lobes obtuse, 2-4 mm. long. Neg. 389.
Huanuco: Casapi, Mathews 1944- Loreto: Santa Rosa, in forest,
Williams 4791. Florida, Rio Putumayo, 325 meters, Klug 2051.
Type of G. aromatica from Rio Huallaga (perhaps in San Martin),
Poeppig. San Martin: Tarapoto, Ule 6648, type of G. nitida
(photo, and fragm. seen, ex hb. Berol.). Tarapoto, Williams 6627;
Spruce 4508. Amazonian Brazil.
I have seen no authentic material of G. aromatica, but the original
description and illustration agree well with the material cited above,
and with the type of G. nitida.
Guettarda boliviana Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 289. 1929.
A shrub or small tree 3-5.5 meters high; leaves on short or
elongate petioles, the blades oblong-elliptic to broadly elliptic,
6-13 cm. long, acute or abruptly acuminate, sparsely appressed-
pilose above, pilose beneath with chiefly spreading or at least not
closely appressed, brownish hairs; cymes at first dense, in fruit
more open, many-flowered, long-pedunculate, often much exceeding
the leaves; calyx 1.5-2 mm. long; corolla densely grayish-sericeous,
the tube almost 2 cm. long, the lobes 6 mm. long; fruit broadly
ellipsoid or subglobose, purple, 1-1.4 cm. long, 4-celled.
Junin: La Merced, 700 meters, Killip & Smith 23775. San
Ramon, 900-1,300 meters, open hillside, Killip & Smith 24783. Also
in eastern Bolivia.
There is a possibility that the Peruvian plant may be specifically
distinct from the Bolivian, since its flowers are not known.
Guettarda comata Standl., sp. nov.
Arbor 5-metralis, ramulis cinnamomeis pilis longis patentibus
brunnescentibus longihirsutis, internodiis brevibus vel elongatis;
stipulae 8 mm. longae deciduae brunneae cuspidatae costatae,
extus ad costam dense hirsutae; folia mediocria petiolata firme
membranacea, petiolo gracili 1-1.5 cm. longo hirsute; lamina
FLORA OF PERU 117
oblongo-obovata vel lanceolato-ovata 10-12.5 cm. longa 4-5.5
cm. lata longe anguste acuminata vel interdum abrupte cuspidato-
acuminata, prope basin paullo angustata, basi ipsa rotundata vel
subcordata, supra in sicco brunnescens sparse hirtella, costa venisque
prominentibus, sublucida, subtus breviter hirsuta et strigosa, costa
gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere circa 13 prominenti-
bus obliquis, venulis transversis prominulis laxe reticulatis incon-
spicuis; inflorescentiae axillares subcapitatae dense pauciflorae,
pedunculo gracili 4-9 cm. longo hirsute, bracteis conspicuis brunneis
ovatis vel lanceolatis ad 2 cm. longis hirsutis et longiciliatis; hypan-
thium vix 1 mm. longum hirsutum; calyx anguste campanulatus 5
mm. longus truncatus minute tomentulosus et adpresso-hirsutus;
corolla ochroleuca extus dense pilis longis ochraceis sericea, tubo
crassiusculo 18 mm. longo superne paullo dilatato, lobis 6 late
oblongis vel ovalibus 5 mm. longis.
Loreto: Fortaleza, near Yurimaguas, 140 meters, in forest,
King 2805 (herb. Field Mus. No. 675,994, type).
Guettarda dependens (R. & P.) DC. Prodr. 4: 458. 1830.
Laugeria dependens R. & P. Fl. 2: 23. pi. 145, f. b. 1799. G. crispi-
flora var. dependens Pers. Syn. PI. 2: 201. 1805.
A tree about 10 meters high with grayish trunk; branchlets fer-
ruginous, pubescent; stipules half as long as the petioles, ovate-
lanceolate, acute, deciduous; petioles 1.5-2 cm. long; leaf blades
elliptic-ovate, abruptly acuminate, obtuse at the base and abruptly
contracted, veiny, somewhat shining above, rusty- tomentose be-
neath ; peduncles equaling or longer than the petioles, the 2 branches
short, few-flowered; corolla tomentose outside, 13 mm. long or more,
the tube purplish, the lobes white, crispate; drupes small, oblong,
3-celled, rarely 2- or 4-celled. Neg. 395.
Huanuco: Type from Muiia, Ruiz & Pavdn.
I have seen a photograph (ex hb. Berol.) of presumably type
material of this species, and so far as may be judged from the
photograph, the plant is not specifically distinct from G. hirsuta.
The original description and illustration agree well with material
of G. hirsuta, except in the number of cells in the fruit and ovary,
and that may well be a variable character.
Guettarda ferox Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 171. 1930.
Probably scandent, the stout spines abruptly recurved, 2-3 cm.
long; branchlets velvety-pilose; stipules 8 mm. long, acuminate,
deciduous; petiole stout, 6-10 mm. long; leaf blades oblong or
118 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
elliptic-oblong, 10-15 cm. long, abruptly short-acuminate, obtuse or
narrowly rounded at the base, glabrate above, densely soft-pilose
beneath; cymes subcapitate or short-furcate, densely few-flowered,
much shorter than the blades, the peduncles 1.5-2 cm. long; fruit
oval, 15-18 mm. long, densely brown-tomentose, 4-celled. "Ga-
rrabato."
Loreto: Pinto Cocha, on the Rio Nanay, in forest, Williams 808,
type.
Guettarda hirsuta (R. & P.) Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 200. 1805.
Laugeria hirsuta R. & P. Fl. 2: 22. pi. 11*5, f. a. 1799. Cordia Poep-
pigii DC. Prodr. 9: 492. 1845. C. tarmensis Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 37:
630. 1906. Tournefortiopsis major Wernham, Journ. Bot. 53: 15.
1915.
A shrub or tree as much as 15 meters high, with densely rusty-
tomentose branches; petioles short or much elongate; leaf blades
elliptic to elliptic-oblong, mostly 10-20 cm. long but sometimes much
larger, abruptly acute or acuminate, acute to attenuate at the base,
glabrate above, more or less lustrous and reticulate, beneath densely
tomentose; peduncles longer or shorter than the petioles, the branches
short or elongate, many-flowered; corolla white, 1 cm. long or more;
fruit ovoid or ellipsoid, about 7 mm. long, densely tomentose.
Neg. 396.
Cajamarca: Cutervo, Raimondi 4472, 4776. Huanuco: Chinchao,
Ruiz (photo, ex hb. Berol., probably type material). Described from
Cochero and Chinchao, Ruiz & Pavon. Puyash, Sawada 94-
Junin: Huacapistana, Weberbauer 2045 (type of Cordia tarmensis).
Chanchamayo Valley, 1,200 meters, Schunke 287. Above San
Ramon, 1,300-1,700 meters, Schunke A28. Libertad: Prov. Pataz,
Weberbauer 7065. Huayo, Raimondi. San Martin: Zepelacio,
1,100 meters, in forest, Klug 3660. Without locality: Pavon 457;
Mathews 1938. Also in Ecuador.
Tournefortiopsis major was based upon Poeppig 1300, from
Peru or Brazil, but doubtless from Peru, since the plant is a mountain
species, which scarcely would be expected anywhere along the
Brazilian Amazon. Cordia Poeppigii (of which I have seen a frag-
ment) was collected in subandine Peru by Poeppig.
Guettarda ochreata Schlecht. Linnaea 28: 496. 1856. G.
pichisensis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 172. 1930.
A shrub 3-3.5 meters high, the branchlets griseous-sericeous ;
stipules brownish, deciduous, 1.5-2 cm. long, acute; leaves long-
FLORA OF PERU 119
petiolate, the blades thin, ovate to lance-oblong, 16-25 cm. long,
long-acuminate, attenuate to the base, sericeous above or glabrate;
cymes much shorter than the petioles, the peduncles 7-12 mm. long,
the branches 1-2 cm. long, 5-7-flowered ; fruit 5-6 mm. long, minutely
sericeous, 4-celled. Neg. 25659.
Junin : Between San Nicolas and Azupizu, 650-900 meters, dense
forest, Killip & Smith 26104, type of G. pichisensis. Puno: Sanga-
ban, Lechler 2407, type.
G. pichisensis was described as new before the writer had seen
authentic material of G. ochreata, with access only to its descrip-
tion, which is inaccurate and misleading in several details. Exami-
nation of a photograph and a fragment of an authentic specimen of
G. ochreata leaves little if any doubt that it is identical with G.
pichisensis.
Guettarda Ulei Krause, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 203. 1914.
A tree 6-18 meters high ; leaves short-petiolate, the blades ovate-
elliptic or ovate-oblong, 3-5 cm. long, obtuse to acuminate, 2-3 cm.
wide, pilose beneath, especially on the veins; peduncles slender,
equaling or shorter than the leaves, the cymes with few slender,
elongate, many-flowered, recurved branches; corolla white, the
slender tube 16-18 mm. long. Neg. 388.
Madre de Dios: Seringal Auristella, Alto Rio Acre, Ule 9860,
type (photo, and fragm. seen, ex hb. Berol.). Also in adjacent Brazil.
58. MALANEA Aubl.
Shrubs or small trees, often more or less scandent; leaves opposite,
short-petiolate; flowers small, 4-parted, arranged in axillary panicles
with spike-like branches; calyx short-tubular, truncate or dentate;
corolla subcampanulate, the lobes valvate or nearly so; stamens
inserted in the corolla throat, short-exserted ; ovary 2-celled, the cells
1-ovulate; fruit drupaceous, the endocarp woody or bony, 2-celled or
by abortion 1-celled.
Malanea boliviana Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 295. 1931.
A woody vine, the branchlets densely strigillose; stipules decidu-
ous, ovate-oblong, acuminate, 8 mm. long; leaf blades coriaceous,
elliptic-oblong, 5-7.5 cm. long, acuminate, acute or obtuse at the
base, sparsely strigose above at first but soon glabrate, sparsely
strigose beneath; inflorescences longer than the leaves, simple or
sparsely branched; calyx obscurely dentate; corolla strigose, ochro-
leucous, the tube 2.5 mm. long, the obtuse lobes somewhat shorter.
120 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, in forest, Klug 917.
Iquitos, in forest, Kuhlmann 22937. Also in Bolivia.
59. CHOMELIA Jacq.
Shrubs or small trees, often armed with spines; stipules inter-
petiolar, usually persistent; leaves opposite, petiolate; flowers in
axillary cymes, sessile; calyx 4-lobate; corolla salverform, the lobes
valvate or slightly imbricate, usually much shorter than the tube,
bearing near the apex a dorsal, horn-like appendage; anthers sub-
sessile; fruit drupaceous, the large, bony stone 2-celled.
Leaves subcoriaceous, 8-19 cm. long; stipules 6-7 mm. long.
C. unguis-cati.
Leaves firm-membranaceous, 3-5 cm. long; stipules 2.5-3 mm. long.
C. barbellata.
Chomelia barbellata Standl., sp. nov.
Arbor 5-metralis, ramulis rigidis ochraceis primo sparse incurvo-
pilosulis spinis pallidis gracilibus rigidis ad 15 mm. longis armatis,
ramulis floriferis abbreviatis et dense foliatis; stipulae anguste
triangulari-subulatae 2.5-3 mm. longae persistentes; folia parva
firme membranacea breviter petiolata in sicco fusca, petiolo gracili
pilosulo ad 5 mm. longo; lamina elliptica vel ovato-elliptica 3-5
cm. longa 1.5-2.5 cm. lata acuminata basi acuta vel acuminata,
supra ad venas hinc inde pilosula vel fere glabra, subtus ad nervos
strigosa, in axillis nervorum dense barbellata, nervis lateralibus
utroque latere 4-6 obliquis valde arcuatis prominulis, nervulis ob-
scuris; flores axillares solitarii vel fasciculati sessiles; calyx cum
hypanthio tubuloso-campanulatus 2.5 mm. longus extus dense
minute strigillosus, lobis linearibus 1-1.5 mm. longis; corolla alba
extus dense ochraceo-strigosa, tubo gracillimo 8-9 mm. longo, lobis
apice vix brevissime appendiculatis anguste oblongis intus glabris
apiculatis 4-5 mm. longis patentibus.
San Martin: Juan Jui, Alto Rio Huallaga, 400 meters, in forest,
Klug 3920 (herb. Field Mus. No. 766,412, type).
Chomelia unguis-cati Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 172. 1930.
Branches armed with stout spines, young branchlets appressed-
pilose; stipules triangular, 6-7 mm. long; leaves short-petiolate, the
blades subcoriaceous, ovate-oblong, 8-19 cm. long, acute or acumi-
nate, glabrous and shining above, strigose beneath on the veins;
inflorescence long-pedunculate, head-like, few-flowered; drupes
FLORA OF PERU 121
narrowly oblong, 17-22 mm. long, 6 mm. thick, appressed-pilose.
"Garras de gato," "anzuelo casha."
Loreto: Timbuchi, on the Rio Nanay, Williams 991, type. Also
in eastern Bolivia.
60. ANISOMERIS Presl
Shrubs or small trees, unarmed or often with spinose branchlets;
stipules small, usually persistent; leaves petiolate, membranaceous
or subcoriaceous; inflorescences axillary, cymose and pedunculate or
sometimes reduced to a single flower; calyx 4-lobate or 4-parted;
corolla salverform, the lobes imbricate or subvalvate, naked dorsally,
the tube usually slender and elongate; fruit drupaceous, 1-2-seeded,
the ovary 2-celled.
Inflorescences cymose, pedunculate.
Leaves glabrous beneath or nearly so, barbate in the axils of the
veins; calyx lobes minute; corolla lobes very obtuse.
A. peruviana.
Leaves sericeous beneath, not barbate; calyx lobes elongate; corolla
lobes acute or acutish A. paniculata.
Inflorescence sessile or nearly so, sometimes reduced to a single
flower.
Leaves sericeous or glabrate beneath; flowers solitary or few and
fasciculate A. Klugii.
Leaves pilose beneath with short, spreading hairs; flowers in
dense, sessile clusters A. sessilis.
Anisomeris Klugii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 360. 1931.
A slender shrub 2 meters high; stipules narrowly triangular to
linear-subulate, 2.5-3.5 mm. long; leaves short-petiolate, the blades
oblong-ovate to lance-elliptic, 4-7 cm. long, caudate-acuminate,
acute at the base; flowers sessile or short-pedicellate; calyx sericeous,
the lobes linear, 2-2.5 mm. long; corolla white, densely sericeous
outside, the slender tube 18 mm. long, the 4 lobes linear-attenuate,
4 mm. long.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, in forest, King 661,
type. Santa Rosa, 135 meters, in forest, Killip & Smith 28738.
The determination of the latter specimen is somewhat uncertain.
It is from a shrub whose branches are armed with spines in their
axils.
122 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Anisomeris paniculata (Bartl.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4:
293. 1929. Guettarda paniculata Bartl. ex DC. Prodr. 4: 457. 1830.
Stenostomum paniculatum P. & E. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 27. pi.
232, f. a-e. 1845.
A shrub or small tree, said to be as much as 15 meters high, some-
times armed with spines, the young branches densely appressed-
pilose; leaves short-petiolate, thick-membranaceous, elliptic to
lance-oblong, 6-11 cm. long, acuminate or attenuate, acute or obtuse
at the base, glabrous or glabrate above, sericeous or glabrate beneath ;
cymes dichotomous, usually long-pedunculate, many-flowered and
rather lax; calyx lobes linear or subulate; corolla white, sericeous
outside, 12-18 mm. long; fruit oblong, glabrate, about 8 mm. long.
"Ripari," "cunshi-cashan," "cunshu-huacran."
Department unknown: Type collected somewhere in the moun-
tains of Peru by Haenke. Without locality, Mathews 1944; Poeppig
Add. 13. Loreto: San Antonio, Alto Rio Itaya, Williams 3503.
San Martin: Near Tarapoto, Spruce 4208. San Roque, in forest,
Williams 7142. Tarapoto, Williams 5617. Mainas Alto, Poeppig
1037. Zepelacio, 1,200 meters, in clearing, Klug 3372. Pongo de
Cainarachi, 230 meters, in forest, Klug 2762.
Anisomeris peruviana Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 329. 1929.
Branchlets appressed-pilosulous or almost glabrous; stipules
1.5-2 mm. long, deltoid; leaves short-petiolate, subcoriaceous, the
blades elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 2-7 cm. long, obtuse or acutish,
acute at the base, glabrous above; peduncles 1-2 cm. long, the cymes
densely few-flowered, the flowers sessile or short-pedicellate; corolla
18 mm. long, the slender tube glabrous below, the lobes oval-oblong,
2-2.5 mm. long, densely strigillose outside.
San Martin : Ucayali Valley, Tessmann 3481 , type. Yarina-cocha,
150 meters, Tessmann 3461.
Anisomeris sessilis (Muell. Arg.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8:
361. 1931. Chomelia sessilis Muell. Arg. Flora 58: 451. 1875.
A shrub 1.5-2.5 meters high, unarmed, the branchlets hispidulous;
stipules 2 mm. long; leaves subsessile, the blades broadly ovate or
elliptic, 2-3 cm. long, obtuse or acutish, rounded or obtuse at the
base, puberulent above on the veins or glabrate, densely short-
pilose beneath; cymes dense and several- or many-flowered; calyx
lobes lance-spatulate to obovate-spatulate; corolla 12 mm. long,
hirtellous; hypanthium hispidulous.
Loreto: Seringal Auristella, Rio Acre, Ule 9860. Also in Brazil.
FLORA OF PERU 123
61. CHIOCOCCA L.
Shrubs with small, opposite, leathery leaves; stipules small,
persistent; flowers small, pedicellate, more or less secund, arranged
in axillary racemes or panicles; calyx 5-dentate; corolla funnelform,
the lobes valvate or slightly imbricate in bud; stamens epigynous,
the filaments free from the corolla or united with it only at the base;
fruit 2-celled, somewhat fleshy, laterally compressed and disk-like;
seeds 1 in each cell, compressed.
Chiococca alba (L.) Hitchc. Kept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 94. 1893.
Lonicera alba L. Sp. PL 175. 1753. C. racemosa L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10.
917.1759. C. brachiata R.& P. F\. 2:67. pi. 219.1799. C.anguifuga
Mart. Spec. Mat. Med. Bras. 17. pi. 5. 1824. C. brachiata var.
grandifolia Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 5: 50. 1881.
A slender, glabrous shrub 1-4.5 meters high, the branches often
elongate and subscandent or pendent; leaves short-petiolate, the
blades ovate or oblong-ovate, mostly 4-8 cm. long, acute or acumi-
nate, acute or obtuse at the base; inflorescences usually of small,
lax panicles; corolla 7-10 mm. long, white or yellowish, sometimes
tinged with pink, the lobes very short; fruit white, orbicular, 5-7
mm. broad.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Lobb. Ayacucho: Near Kimpitiriki,
400 meters, edge of forest, Kittip & Smith 22943, 23016. Estrella,
500 meters, thickets, Kittip & Smith 23086. Huanuco: Type of
C. brachiata from Chinchao, Ruiz & Pavdn. Junin: Chanchamayo
Valley, Schunke 351. Enefias, 1,600-1,900 meters, Kittip & Smith
25754- Colonia Peren^, 600 meters, Kittip & Smith 25029, 25146.
Huacapistana, 2,000 meters, thickets, Killip & Smith 24142.
Loreto: Puerto Arturo, Yurimaguas, 200 meters, Williams 5214.
Between Yurimaguas and Balsapuerto, 150 meters, Killip & Smith
28361. Puerto Arturo, Kittip & Smith 27722. San Martin: Tara-
poto, Williams 5519, 5521, 5616, 6534- Zepelacio, 1,200 meters,
King 3340. San Roque, 1,400 meters, in forest, Williams 7788.
Rio Mayo, Tarapoto, in forest, Wittiams 6217. Alto Rio Huallaga,
Williams 6167. Department unknown: Without locality, Weber-
bauer 6018. Forests of the Andes, Ruiz. Widely distributed in
tropical America, ranging to Florida.
Known in Brazil by the names "cepocruz," "raiz preta," "cani-
narca," "cainca," and "caringa." The plant is used in some regions
in domestic medicine, especially as a remedy for snake bites. The
pearl-white, pendent fruits are rather pretty and ornamental, sug-
124 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
gesting the names "lagrimas de Maria" and "lagrimas de San
Pedro" which are applied to the shrub in Central America.
62. GOFFEA L.
Shrubs or small trees, usually glabrous throughout; stipules
triangular, persistent; leaves short-petiolate, usually opposite;
flowers sessile in the leaf axils, 4-5-parted; calyx very short; corolla
salverform or funnelform, the lobes dextrorsely contorted in bud;
anthers subsessile, dorsifixed; fruit fleshy, indehiscent, 2-seeded;
seeds semi-oval, flat and deeply furrowed on the inner face.
No species of the genus are native in America.
Coffea arabica L. Sp. PL 172. 1753.
A shrub or small tree, densely branched; stipules 4-5 mm. long;
leaves short-petiolate, the blades lance-elliptic, 12-16 cm. long,
cuspidate-acuminate, acute at the base, subcoriaceous; flowers in
clusters of 3-7 in the leaf axils, sessile; calyx annuliform, almost
obsolete; corolla white, 17-19 mm. long, the 5 lobes widely spreading;
fruit subglobose, red at maturity, 10-16 mm. in diameter. "CafeY'
Ayacucho: Aina, 750-1,000 meters, Killip & Smith 22823.
Huanuco: Posuso, 600 meters, well established along many trails,
4628. Junin: Colonia Peren^, 600 meters, Killip & Smith 25235.
Loreto:Mishuyacu, Klug 584. La Victoria, Williams 2736. Caballo-
cocha, Williams 2258. Pisco, Alto Nanay, Williams 1294. Pro, on
the Amazon, Williams 1966. lea, Rio Itaya, Williams. Fortaleza,
Yurimaguas, Williams 4222, 4467. San Martin: Tarapoto, 750
meters, Williams 6099. San Roque, 1,400 meters, Williams 7063.
Native of Abyssinia, but cultivated in most tropical and subtropical
regions.
Coffee is grown extensively in Peru at suitable elevations. As
in all regions where the plant is grown, it sometimes escapes to
thickets and forests and tends to establish itself. A coffee plantation
in full flower is a beautiful sight. All the bushes come into blossom
at once, but unfortunately the flowers last only two or three days.
Coffea longifolia R. & P. Fl. 2: 66. pi. 218, f. a. 1799.
A small, glabrous shrub; stipules ovate, connate; leaves opposite,
petiolate, the blades lance-oblong, acuminate, acute at the base,
undulate, shining above, almost 30 cm. long; flowers short-pedicellate,
crowded, paniculate, the panicle sessile; calyx minutely 5-dentate;
corolla white, 8 mm. long; fruit globose, red, 2-seeded.
I
FLORA OF PERU 125
Described from Vitoc, Ruiz & Pavdn. The generic position of
this plant can not be determined satisfactorily from the description
and illustration. In appearance it suggests Coussarea, but it does
not correspond to any species of that genus known from Peru, nor
can it be placed more satisfactorily in the other related groups.
63. IXORA L.
Shrubs or small trees, usually glabrous or nearly so; stipules
more or less connate, often glandular within; leaves mostjy opposite
and short-petiolate; inflorescence terminal or rarely axillary; calyx
tubular, more or less 4-lobate; corolla salverform, the lobes in bud
dextrorsely contorted; stamens inserted in the throat of the corolla,
the anthers subsessile; ovary 2-celled, the cells 1-ovulate; fruit
somewhat fleshy, 2-seeded or by abortion 1-seeded.
Leaves sessile and clasping at base /. coccinea.
Leaves on short or elongate petioles, not clasping at base.
Flowers in panicled or racemose heads, the branches of the inflo-
rescence densely pilose with spreading hairs ... 7. peruviana.
Flowers not in panicled heads, the inflorescence minutely puberu-
lent, glabrous, or with minute, appressed hairs.
Corolla glabrous outside.
Inflorescence lax and open, the flowers slender-pedicellate;
leaves acuminate; native plant 7. Killipii.
Inflorescence dense and compact, often head-like; leaves
obtuse or acute; cultivated plants.
Corolla red or pink; calyx lobes very short, rounded.
7. chinensis.
Corolla white; calyx lobes oblong to linear-lanceolate,
elongate 7. Finlaysoniana.
Corolla minutely puberulent.
Corolla tube 5-6 mm. long; leaves subcoriaceous . .7. escalerae.
Corolla tube 10-15 mm. long; leaves subcoriaceous.
Leaf blades narrowly oblong-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate,
long-acuminate; inflorescence laxly branched, com-
posed of numerous cymes 7. intensa.
Leaf blades oblong or elliptic-oblong, acute or short-
acuminate; inflorescence composed usually of 3 head-
like cymes 7. Ulei.
126 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Ixora chinensis Lam. Encycl. 3: 344. 1789.
A glabrous shrub; leaves short-petiolate or subsessile, the blades
subcoriaceous, oblong or elliptic-oblong, 8-12 cm. long, acute or
subobtuse; inflorescence cymose, sessile, dense and many-flowered,
the flowers sessile or short-pedicellate; calyx minutely puberulent;
corolla red or pink, the filiform tube slightly more than 2 cm. long,
the broadly rounded lobes 6 mm. long. "Buquet de novia rosado."
Loreto: Caballo-cocha, cultivated, Williams 2370. Native of
southeastern Asia, but cultivated for ornament in most tropical
regions.
Ixora coccinea L. Sp. PL 110. 1753.
A small, dense, nearly or quite glabrous shrub; leaves sessile,
broadly oblong to almost rounded, usually conspicuously cordate at
the base, obtuse or rounded at the apex, subcoriaceous; inflorescence
dense and head-like, sometimes axillary, the flowers sessile or nearly
so; calyx lobes broadly ovate, obtuse or acutish; corolla deep red,
minutely puberulent or glabrate, the filiform tube 2.5-3 cm. long,
the spreading lobes acute. "Buquet de novia."
Loreto: Near Iquitos, Williams 1544, 1417. Fortaleza, Yuri-
maguas, Williams 4328. Mishuyacu, in clearing, King 679. Native
of India, but cultivated generally for ornament in tropical regions.
One of the favorite ornamental shrubs of the gardens of tropical
America, because of its brilliant red flowers. It is doubtful whether
it ever escapes from cultivation, although it may persist about
abandoned house sites.
Ixora escalerae Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 173. 1930.
A shrub or small tree, 2-5 meters high, the branchlets strigillose;
stipules 4-5 mm. long, linear-subulate; petioles 1-1.5 cm. long;
leaf blades oblong-elliptic or lance-oblong, 10-18 cm. long, acumi-
nate, acute or acutish at the base, sparsely strigillose beneath on the
veins; inflorescence laxly paniculate, 9 cm. long, the pedicels 3-5
mm. long; calyx remotely and minutely denticulate; corolla white
or cream-colored, the lobes oblong, obtuse, 4 mm. long.
Loreto: Cerro de Escalera, 1,200 meters, Ule 6778, type. Also in
Colombia.
Ixora Finlaysoniana Wall. Cat. No. 6166. 1832, nomen; G.
Don, Gen. Syst. 3: 512. 1832.
A densely branched shrub 1-2 meters, high, nearly or quite
glabrous; leaves on short, thick petioles, subcoriaceous, the blades
FLORA OF PERU 127
oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, obtuse or acute, attenuate to the
base; inflorescence dense and head-like, many-flowered; corolla
white, the filiform tube about 3.5 cm. long, the oblong or elliptic,
obtuse lobes 6-7 mm. long. "Buquet de novia."
Loreto: Caballo-cocha, Williams 2129. Iquitos, Williams 8248,
1545. Mishuyacu, in clearing, Klug 493. San Martin: Tarapoto,
Williams 5924. Native of Siam; cultivated for ornament generally
in tropical America.
The plant is one of the favorite ornamental shrubs of tropical
American gardens.
Ixora intensa Krause, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 205. 1914.
A shrub 1-1.5 meters high with rather stout branches, glabrous
almost throughout; leaves subcoriaceous, on thick, short petioles,
the blades narrow and elongate, very long-acuminate, acute at the
base; inflorescence lax and open, rather copiously branched, the
cymules chiefly 3-flowered, the flowers short-petiolate or sessile;
corolla red or red and yellow, the lobes spreading or reflexed, rounded,
about one-third as long as the tube. Neg. 420.
Loreto: Timbuchi on the Rio Nanay, Williams 1033. Pinto-
cocha, Rio Nanay, in forest, Williams 806. Mishuyacu, 100 meters,
in forest, Klug 23, 697. Also along the Amazon in Brazil.
Ixora Killipii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 174. 1930.
A shrub or small tree, 3-6 meters high, glabrous or nearly so;
stipules short, persistent; leaves subsessile, firmly membranaceous,
oblong or oblong-elliptic, 8-22 cm. long, acuminate, somewhat
narrowed to the base, the base itself usually obtuse or narrowly
rounded; inflorescence lax and open, as much as 12 cm. broad,
sessile or short-pedunculate, the slender pedicels 1 cm. long or
less; calyx lobes triangular, acuminate; corolla cream-colored, the
tube filiform, 2-2.5 cm. long, the lobes linear-lanceolate, acute,
usually 6-10 mm. long; fruit subglobose, 6-8 mm. in diameter, black
or dark purple. "Chimicua."
Junin : Santa Rosa, 625-900 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith
26148, type. Loreto: Florida, 180 meters, Klug 2292. Yurimaguas,
in forest, Williams 4532, 3877; Killip & Smith 27698. Puerto Arturo,
in forest, Williams 5120, 5362, 5310, 5307, 5173; Killip & Smith
27921. Huallaga, Yurimaguas, in forest, Williams 4650. Sapoto
Yacu, Santa Rosa, in forest, Williams 4920, 4916. Without locality:
Poeppig 2242. Also in Bolivia and Colombia.
128 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Ixora peruviana (Spruce) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 217. 1936.
Cephalanthus peruvianus Spruce ex Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras.
6, pt. 6: 129. 1888. C. breviflorus Spruce ex Schum. loc. cit.
A shrub 3 meters high with stout branches, the branchlets
glabrous; stipules persistent, 8-10 mm. long; leaves on rather long
petioles, the blades subcoriaceous, obovate to oblong-oblanceolate,
short-acuminate or rounded and apiculate, long-attenuate to the
base, glabrous; inflorescences sessile, the heads long-pedunculate,
dense, many-flowered; hypanthium densely pilose; corolla white,
more or less pilose outside, 6-10 mm. long, the lobes equaling the
tube or shorter, linear-oblong, spreading; fruit subglobose, 6-7
mm. long, thinly pilose. Negs. 272, 273.
Loreto: Pebas on the Amazon, Williams 1568. San Martin:
Tarapoto, Spruce 4910, type collection of C. peruvianus; Spruce 4175,
type collection of C. breviflorus; Williams 6717, 6716, 6595. Juan
Jui, 400 meters, in forest, Klug 3867. Also in Bolivia and Amazonian
Brazil.
The flowers are said to be strongly sweet-scented. From Brazil
this species is described as a tree of 19 meters, perhaps in error.
Ixora Ulei Krause, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 205. 1914.
A shrub 2 meters high, almost glabrous; leaves on stout petioles
1-1.5 cm. long, the blades subcoriaceous, acute at the base; inflo-
rescence sessile, the flowers sessile or short-pedicellate; calyx puberu-
lent, the lobes ovate, acute; corolla yellow and red, the lobes oval,
obtuse, one-third as long as the tube or shorter. Neg. 421.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, in forest, Klug
1100. Also in Brazil.
In Brazil this species is reported as a tree of 7.5 meters.
64. COUSSAREA Aubl.
Shrubs or trees, usually glabrous; stipules commonly ovate-
triangular, muticous, apiculate, or truncate, never subulate-aristate
nor connate into a long intrapetiolar sheath; leaves opposite or
rarely verticillate, short-petiolate or subsessile, more or less .cori-
aceous ; inflorescence terminal; calyx cupular and truncate, some-
times 4-dentate or rarely with 4 linear lobes; corolla funnelform or
salverform, the throat naked, the 4 lobes valvate in bud; anthers
subsessile in the corolla tube; ovary 2-celled; fruit baccate, by
abortion commonly 1-seeded, longer than broad.
FLORA OF PERU 129
Leaves sessile or practically so, narrowed to an obtuse or cordate
base.
Leaves 3-6 cm. wide, not abruptly contracted at the base; pedicels
4-15 mm. long C. sessilifolia.
Leaves 6-13 cm. wide, abruptly contracted at the base; pedicels
1-2 mm. long C. auriculata*
Leaves petiolate, the blades acute at the base.
Leaves densely short-pilose beneath.
Flowers simply capitate C. megalocarpa.
Flowers in cymose heads C. obliqua.
Leaves glabrous or practically so.
Flowers in heads or head-like umbels.
Flowers capitate or in head-like umbels; corolla lobes equaling
or longer than the tube.
Lobes of the corolla about equaling the tube; leaves sub-
coriaceous C. brevicaulis.
Lobes of the corolla almost twice as long as the tube; leaves
membranaceous C. liliiflora.
Flowers in trichotomous heads; corolla lobes shorter than the
tube.
Calyx deeply dentate, the teeth acute; corolla lobes slightly
shorter than the tube C. flava.
Calyx obscurely denticulate; corolla lobes less than half
as long as the tube C. tricephala.
Flowers in panicles or corymbs.
Corolla lobes much longer than the tube.
Corolla spirally twisted in bud, the lobes twice as long as
the tube; flowers subsessile C. hydrangeifolia.
Corolla not twisted in bud, the lobes less than twice as
long as the tube; flowers pedicellate C. tortilis.
Corolla lobes equaling or shorter than the tube.
Corolla tube 20-35 mm. long.
Calyx minutely puberulent or almost glabrous.
C. tenuiflora.
Calyx hispidulous.
Corolla tube 2 cm. long, the lobes 5-6 mm. long.
C. hirticalyx.
130 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Corolla tube 3-3.5 cm. long, the lobes 2-3 cm. long.
C. macrantha.
Corolla tube 5-10 mm. long.
Corolla glabrous; leaves 2-3 cm. wide.C. longiacuminata.
Corolla minutely puberulent; leaves 5-9.5 cm. wide.
Leaves coriaceous, rounded and abruptly caudate at
the apex C. ovalis.
Leaves thin, acute and gradually caudate-acuminate.
C. rudgeoides.
Coussarea auriculata Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 330. 1929.
Glabrous or nearly so; stipules broadly triangular, 2-3.5 mm.
long, obtuse or almost truncate; leaves broadly elliptic or elliptic-
obovate, 11-19 cm. long, acuminate, narrowly cordate at the base,
subcoriaceous; inflorescence thyrsoid-paniculate, short-pedunculate,
6-7 cm. broad, many-flowered; calyx truncate; corolla tube 7 mm.
long, the lobes oblong-linear, 4 mm. long, obtuse.
Amazonas: Pongo de Manseriche, mouth of Rio Santiago, Tess-
mann 4647, type. San Martin: Pongo de Cainarachi, 230 meters,
in forest, a tree of 5 meters with white flowers, Klug 2728. Also in
Bolivia.
Coussarea brevicaulis Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 142. 1907, no-
men; Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 50: 117. 1908. C. benensis Britton
ex Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 296. 1931.
A shrub 1-4.5 meters high, glabrous almost throughout; stipules
broadly ovate, obtuse, 3-3.5 mm. long; leaves short-petiolate,
coriaceous, the blades elliptic-oblong to lance-oblong, 10-20 cm.
long, long-acuminate, acute at the base; umbels head-like, 3-7-
flowered, short-pedunculate or subsessile; calyx 4-dentate; corolla
white or cream-colored, pruinose-puberulent or almost glabrous, 2-4
cm. long, the lobes and tube subequal; fruit ellipsoid-globose, white,
2 cm. long. Neg. 786.
Loreto: Puerto Arturo, Yurimaguas, in forest, Williams 5258,
5259. Gaballo-cocha on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 2310.
Masana, edge of forest, Williams 8175. Florida, 180 meters, Klug
2362. Balsapuerto, 150-850 meters, Killip & Smith 28566. Soledad,
110 meters, Killip & Smith 29678. Also in adjacent Brazil and in
Bolivia.
FLORA OF PERU 131
Coussarea flava P. & E. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 26. pi. 231. 1845.
A shrub 2 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, the blades lance-
oblong to elliptic-oblong, as much as 24 cm. long and 7.5 cm. wide,
long-acuminate, attenuate to the base, glabrous; stipules ovate,
acute; flowers arranged in 3 pedunculate heads; calyx sericeous,
deeply dentate; corolla sericeous, the lanceolate lobes slightly
shorter than the tube; fruit globose, as large as a walnut.
San Martin: Mision Tocache, Poeppig, type.
I have seen no material of this species, of which C. tricephala
Standl. may be a synonym. The two plants are much alike in gen-
eral appearance but the flower details of C. flava, as described, are
conspicuously different from those of C. tricephala.
Coussarea hirticalyx Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 175. 1930.
A shrub or tree 3-7.5 meters high, almost glabrous; stipules
caducous; leaves petiolate, the blades firm-membranaceous, broadly
elliptic or elliptic-oblong, 14-20 cm. long, 6-9.5 cm. wide, caudate-
acuminate, acute or obtuse at the base, sparsely hispidulous beneath
on the veins; inflorescence ovoid-paniculate, short-pedunculate, 6-9
cm. long and broad, the branches minutely sericeous or glabrate,
the flowers sessile or subsessile; calyx 2-2.8 mm. long, truncate or
obsoletely denticulate; corolla white, minutely puberulent, the tube
2 cm. long, the oblong-linear lobes 5-6 mm. long.
Loreto: La Victoria, on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 2528,
type. Caballo-cocha, on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 2504,
2406. Iquitos, 100 meters, in forest, Killip & Smith 27191, 27198.
Coussarea hydrangeifolia (Benth.) B. & H. ex Muell. Arg. in
Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 5: 94. 1881. Faramea hydrangeifolia Benth.
Linnaea23:451. 1850.
A nearly glabrous shrub 2.5-3.5 meters high; stipules triangular,
acute; leaves short-petiolate, the blades oblong-ovate to rounded-
ovate, as much as 20 cm. long, shortly cuspidate-acuminate, usually
obtuse or rounded at the base; panicles short, ovoid, few- or many-
flowered, the flowers nearly sessile; calyx truncate, sometimes
obscurely denticulate; corolla glabrous, 10 mm. long, the lobes twice
as long as the tube; fruit ellipsoid, 8 mm. long. Neg. 6152.
San Martin: Near Tarapoto, Spruce 4423. Also in Bolivia and
Brazil.
Coussarea liliiflora Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 197. 1936.
A glabrous tree; stipules 1.5-2 mm. long, subulate-mucronate
from a rounded-triangular base; leaves rather long-petiolate, mem-
132 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
branaceous, the blades ovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, 4-7 cm.
long, 2-3 cm. wide, abruptly caudate-acuminate, abruptly con-
tracted and decurrent at the base, with about 6 pairs of lateral nerves;
flowers terminal, solitary or ternate, subsessile or short-pedicellate,
the hypanthium 2-3 mm. long; calyx broadly campanulate, 2.5-3
mm. long, truncate and remotely dentate; corolla narrowly linear
in bud, long-attenuate to the apex, the slender tube 2 cm. long,
the 4 lobes linear, 3.5 cm. long, 2 mm. wide.
Loreto: Mouth of Rio Santiago on the Rio Maranon, upland
forest, 160 meters, Tessmann lf.621, type.
Coussarea longiacuminata Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 330.
1929.
A glabrous shrub or small tree; stipules persistent, 2-2.5 mm.
long; leaves short-petiolate, the blades coriaceous, narrowly elliptic-
oblong, 7-9.5 cm. long, caudate-acuminate, acute at the base;
inflorescence cymose-paniculate, sessile or short-pedunculate, laxly
few-flowered, trichotomous at the base, the pedicels 3 mm. long;
calyx 4-denticulate; corolla tube slender, 9-10 mm. long, the lobes
4-5 mm. long.
Cajamarca; Tabaconas, 2,400 meters, Weberbauer 6117, type.
Coussarea macrantha Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 197. 1936.
A shrub 1 meter high, glabrous except in the inflorescence;
stipules deciduous, 4-5 mm. long; leaves short-petiolate, thick-
membranaceous, fuscous when dried, the blades broadly elliptic or
oblong-elliptic, 17-24 cm. long, 8-13 cm. wide, abruptly attenuate-
acuminate, rounded or acute at the base; inflorescence short-pedun-
culate, cymose-corymbose, trichotomous at the base, 10 cm. long,
the cymes umbelliform, the branches sparsely puberulent; hypan-
thium densely sericeous, the calyx 4 mm. long, remotely denticulate,
sparsely sericeous and hispidulous; corolla white, minutely puberu-
lent, the lobes linear-lanceolate.
Loreto: Florida, on the Rio Putumayo, 200 meters, in forest,
King 2070, type.
Coussarea megalocarpa Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 366. 1931.
A small tree, the branchlets sparsely puberulent; stipules decidu-
ous; leaves short-petiolate, firm-membranaceous, the blades elliptic
or oblong-elliptic, 12-18 cm. long, 4.5-8 cm. wide, long-acuminate,
acute at the base, minutely puberulent above on the veins; inflores-
cence capitate, densely many-flowered, short-pedunculate; calyx
FLORA OF PERU 133
lobes linear or subulate, 12 mm. long or less; fruit oval-globose,
3 cm. long, sparsely puberulent or pilosulous.
Loreto : Rio Masana near Iquitos, 125 meters, Williams 81 71 , type.
Coussarea obliqua Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 199. 1936.
A tree 5 meters high, the branchlets glabrous; stipules 6-7 mm.
long; leaves petiolate, subcoriaceous, fuscous when dried, the
blades oblong or elliptic-oblong, 20 cm. long, 9 cm. wide, cuspidate-
acuminate, acute and oblique at the base, glabrous above, beneath
densely and minutely appressed -pilose; inflorescence pedunculate,
cymose, 9 cm. long, composed of several pedunculate, densely many-
flowered heads; hypanthium minutely puberulent or glabrate, the
calyx rounded-lobulate; corolla cream-colored, glabrous, the slender
tube 2.5 cm. long, the narrow lobes 10-12 mm. long.
Loreto: Florida, on the Rio Putumayo, 200 meters, in forest,
King 1987, type.
Coussarea ovalis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 367. 1931.
Almost glabrous; stipules 8 mm. long, broadly rounded and
subulate-acuminate; leaves coriaceous, short-petiolate, the blades
oval, 14-17 cm. long, rounded at the apex and caudate, obtuse or
acute at the base; inflorescence thyrsoid-paniculate, 5-9 cm. long,
sessile or pedunculate, many-flowered, the flowers sessile; calyx
1.5 mm. long, glabrous, truncate; corolla minutely pulverulent, the
tube 5-6 mm. long, the lobes 4.5 mm. long. "Chorchulla."
Loreto: Paraiso on Rio Itaya, Williams 3355, type. Fortaleza,
140 meters, in forest, a tree of 12 meters with white flowers, King
2777.
Coussarea rudgeoides Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 6: 48. 1896.
A nearly glabrous shrub or tree 2.5-5 meters high with rather
slender branches; stipules 3-4 mm. long, rounded at the apex; leaves
nearly sessile or short-petiolate, the blades elliptic-oblong to lance-
oblong, 12-25 cm. long, 5-10 cm. wide, acute or abruptly acuminate
at the base; flowers cymose-paniculate, the panicles 5-6 cm. long,
pedunculate; calyx truncate, obscurely denticulate; corolla white,
12 mm. long, the lobes half as long as the tube; fruit white, ellipsoid,
about 1 cm. long.
Junin: Puerto Bermudez, 375 meters, dense forest, Killip &
Smith 26450. Loreto: Between Yurimaguas and Balsapuerto, 140
meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 28118. Fortaleza, 140 meters,
134 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Klug 2786. San Martin: Forests of Mount Guayrapurina, Spruce
3918. Also in Bolivia.
It is possible that this may be Coffea acuminata R. & P., since it
resembles the figure of that species in foliage characters.
Coussarea sessilifolia Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 367. 1931.
A glabrous shrub with slender branches; stipules 1 mm. long,
subtruncate and mucronate; leaves sessile or nearly so, elliptic-
oblong or obovate-elliptic, 6.5-11 cm. long, abruptly short-acumi-
nate, rounded or shallowly cordate at the base; inflorescence cymose-
paniculate, long-pedunculate, laxly few-flowered; calyx 2 mm. long,
shallowly dentate; corolla glabrous, 18 mm. long, the linear lobes
almost twice as long as the slender tube.
Loreto: Puerto Arturo, Yurimaguas, 200 meters, in forest, Wil-
liams 5084 (type), 5201.
Coussarea tenuiflora Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 331. 1929.
A nearly glabrous shrub; stipules deciduous; leaves petiolate,
subcoriaceous, the blades ovate-elliptic or broadly elliptic, 12-30
cm. long, caudate-acuminate, acute to rounded at the base; inflo-
rescence cymose-corymbose, subsessile or rather long-pedunculate,
trichotomous, few- or many-flowered, the flowers sessile; calyx 1.6
mm. long, truncate; corolla tube 25-28 mm. long or longer, the
lobes oblong, obtuse, puberulent outside and commonly short-
barbate at the tips; fruit ellipsoid, 1.5-2 cm. long. "Supi caspi,"
"motelo micuna," "ginsira caspi."
Loreto: Yurimaguas, in forest, Williams 7830, 4172. Puerto
Arturo, in forest, Williams 5177. Parana Pura, Yurimaguas, Wil-
liams J^.622. Mainas, Poeppig 2256. Masana, Iquitos, Williams
8152. San Martin: Near Tarapoto, Spruce 4422, type. Rumizapa,
near Tarapoto, Williams 6775. Also in adjacent Brazil.
Coussarea tortilis Standl., sp. nov.
Arbor 10-metralis omnino glabra, ramulis ut videtur gracilibus
in sicco viridescentibus, internodiis elongatis; stipulae virides 7 mm.
longae ovato-o vales obtusae; folia magna breviter petiolata papy-
racea, petiolo gracili circa 1.5 cm. longo; lamina late ovali-ovata
circa 22 cm. longa et 12 cm. lata abrupte caudato-acuminata,
acumine angusto attenuate 2.5 cm. longo, basi late rotundata abrupte
contracta et triangulari-decurrens, supra in sicco laete viridis, ner-
vulis prominulis, subtus paullo pallidior, costa gracili atque elevata,
nervis lateralibus utroque latere circa 9 tenuibus prominentibus
FLORA OF PERU 135
pallidis, in axillis domatiatis, venulis prominentibus laxe reti-
culatis; flores albi cymoso-paniculati, paniculis 1.5-2 cm. longe
pedunculatis laxe multifloris 5-6 cm. longis et fere aequilatis, ramis
pallidis plus minusve compressis, bracteis minutis inconspicuis,
pedicellis ad 4 mm. longis; hypanthium oblongum 1.5 mm. longum,
calyce campanulato 1 mm. longo pallido truncate et minute remote
denticulate; corolla in alabastro anguste linearis spiraliter torta,
tubo gracili 7-8 mm. longo, lobis anguste linearibus 12 mm. longis
intus minute sparse puberulis.
San Martin: Pongo de Cainarachi, Rio Cainarachi, a tributary of
the Rio Huallaga, 230 meters, in forest, King 2700 (herb. Field
Mus. No. 675,992, type).
Coussarea tricephala Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 368. 1931.
A nearly glabrous shrub; stipules broadly ovate, obtuse; leaves
short-petiolate, the blades membrancaeous, elliptic-oblong, 10.5-16
cm. long, 3.5-6 cm. wide, long-acuminate, attenuate to the base,
minutely pilosulous above on the nerves; inflorescence of 3 small,
stalked heads on a common short peduncle, the heads 1 cm. in
diameter; calyx 2 mm. long, obsoletely denticulate; corolla glabrous
or sparsely and minutely puberulent, the tube slender, 2.5 cm. long,
the lobes linear-oblong, obtuse, sparsely hispidulous at the apex, 1
cm. long.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 6533, type.
65. FARAMEA Aubl.
Shrubs or small trees, usually glabrous throughout; stipules
short-triangular and long-aristate, or often long-sheathing; leaves
opposite, petiolate or subsessile, most frequently coriaceous; inflo-
rescences various, terminal or axillary, few- or many-flowered;
calyx tubular or urceolate, truncate or dentate; corolla commonly
salverform, the 4 lobes valvate in bud, the throat naked; anthers
subsessile in the corolla tube; ovary 1-celled; fruit baccate or almost
dry, by abortion 1-seeded, the seed horizontal, deeply excavate on
the lower side.
Flowers densely clustered in the leaf axils F. axillaris.
Flowers in terminal inflorescences, or at least never densely glomerate
in the leaf axils.
Inflorescence with large, brightly colored, foliaceous bracts.
F. anisocalyx.
136 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Inflorescence with small or minute and inconspicuous bracts.
Flowers in simple umbels, these solitary or clustered.
F. quinqueflora.
Flowers numerous, paniculate or corymbose.
Leaves conspicuously 3-nerved, the lateral nerves joined to
form an almost regular, submarginal, collective nerve.
Corolla in bud 5 mm. long; stipules 3.5-4 cm. long.
F. miconioides.
Corolla in bud 10-15 mm. long; stipules small.
Lateral nerves of the leaves perpendicular to the costa;
leaf blades perfectly oblong F. exemplaris.
Lateral nerves of the leaves oblique; leaves oblong-
elliptic F. Harmsiana.
Leaves not at all 3-nerved, the lateral nerves not united to
form a distinct collective nerve.
Leaves cordate or subcordate at the base, sessile.
F. subsessilis.
Leaves acute to obtuse at the base, usually distinctly
petiolate.
Stipules long-connate into a sheath, this with short-
aristate lobes, usually persistent.
Calyx with distinct, subulate-acuminate lobes.
F. phyllonomoid.es.
Calyx truncate or with minute and often obtuse teeth.
F. maynensis.
Stipules short-connate or almost distinct, long-aristate,
not forming a sheath, often deciduous.
Pedicels much elongate, equaling or exceeding the
flowers, often flexuous, capillary . . .F. capillipes.
Pedicels much shorter than the flowers, straight or
nearly so, stouter.
Inflorescence condensed and head-like. .F. congesta.
Inflorescence open, not head-like.
Leaf blades large, commonly 7-13 cm. wide.
Calyx truncate; lateral nerves almost perpendic-
ular to the costa . . .F. rectinervia.
Calyx with conspicuous, subulate teeth; lateral
nerves oblique F. amplifolia.
FLORA OF PERU 137
Leaf blades commonly 3-6 cm. wide.
Lobes of the corolla half as long as the tube or
shorter. Leaves coriaceous; inflorescence
few-flowered F. coerulescens.
Lobes of the corolla about equaling the tube,
sometimes slightly shorter or longer.
Corolla 1 cm. long. F. glandulosa.
Corolla about 2 cm. long F. occidentalis.
Faramea amplifolia Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 177. 1930.
A glabrous shrub or tree with thick branchlets; stipules soon
deciduous; leaves short-petiolate, subcoriaceous, the blades elliptic-
oblong to narrowly oval, 22-28 cm. long, 9.5-13 cm. wide, rounded
and short-cuspidate at the apex, obtuse or acutish at the base, paler
beneath; inflorescence sessile, cymose-paniculate, large and many-
flowered, 12-18 cm. long and broad, the pedicels 2-10 mm. long;
calyx distinctly dentate, the teeth triangular-subulate; corolla in
bud 4-5 mm. long, acutely angulate, the lobes and tube subequal;
fruit depressed-globose, 8-13 mm. wide.
Loreto: Pebas, on the Amazon, in forest, Wittiama 1946 (type),
1575. Puerto Arturo, 200 meters, in forest, Williams 5355.
Faramea anisocalyx P. & E. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 28. 1845.
A glabrous shrub or small tree, 7.5 meters high or less, with
slender branches; stipules short, broadly ovate, long-aristate,
deciduous; leaves thick-membranaceous, short-petiolate or sub-
sessile, the blades oblong or obovate-oblong, caudate-acuminate,
acutish to attenuate at the base, lustrous; peduncles commonly 3
at the end of each branch, the flowers umbellate at their tips, pedicel-
late; bracts large and leaf -like, ovate or elliptic, petiolate; calyx lobes
often unequal, with 2 of them longer than the others; corolla blue
with a whitish tube; fruit reported as white or purple-black. Negs.
805, 8619.
Junin: Cahuapanas, 340 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith
26723. Loreto: Entre Rios, Fox 17. Near Yurimaguas, 180 meters,
Mexia 6084. Caballo-cocha, Osgood 10; Williams 2209. Mainas,
Poeppig 805, 2030 (perhaps the type collections). La Victoria, in
or at edge of forest, Williams 2759, 2967. Yurimaguas, in forest,
Williams 4122; Tessmann 5504- Santa Rosa, Williams 4864- Iqui-
tos, Killip & Smith 27333, 27119. Punchana, in jungle, Williams
1330. Pebas, Williams 1898. Soledad, 110 meters, Killip & Smith
138 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
29797. San Martin: Type from Mision Tocache, Poeppig. With-
out locality, Pavdn. Also in Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil.
"Uchu sanango." The species is easy of recognition because of
the large and brightly colored bracts, which are reported variously
as blue, pink, or white. Some of the specimens have been determined
as Faramea Schwackei Schum. & Krause, a species described from
Amazonian Brazil, which does not seem to differ from F. anisocalyx.
Of the plant Huber (Bol. Mus. Paraense 4: 615. 1906) writes as
follows: "This shrub is one of the most beautiful ornaments of the
Ucayali region because of its bracts, which are of a pure sky blue
and literally cover the plants when in flower. Crossing the forest
west of Sarayacu I was deceived several times by the numerous
shrubs of this species, thinking that I was seeing the sky through
the trees."
Faramea axillaris Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 178. 1930.
A glabrous shrub 1.5 meters high or less, sparsely branched or
almost simple; stipules persistent, broadly triangular, long-aristate;
leaves almost sessile, membranaceous or thicker, oblanceolate-
oblong or obovate-oblong, 8-19 cm. long, abruptly acute or short-
acuminate, narrowed to the acute or obtuse base; flowers densely
fasciculate in the leaf axils or in small, dense cymes, sessile or sub-
sessile; calyx truncate; corolla white, the tube 4 mm. long, the acum-
inate lobes slightly shorter; fruit blue, globose, almost 1 cm. long.
Loreto: Balsapuerto, 150-350 meters, dense forest, Killip &
Smith 28655, type. Santa Rosa, in forest, Williams 4954; Killip
& Smith 28900, 28711, 28939. Yurimaguas, 135 meters, Killip &
Smith 28198. Soledad, Killip & Smith 29643. Puerto Arturo, in
forest, Williams 5103; Killip & Smith 27924. Paraiso, Alto Itaya,
Williams 3368. Amazonas: Mouth of Rio Santiago, 160 meters,
upland forest, Tessmann 4593.
Faramea capillipes Muell. Arg. Flora 58: 474. 1875.
A glabrous shrub 3 meters high with slender branches; stipules
short, triangular, long-aristate; leaves short-petiolate, subcoriaceous,
the blades oblanceolate-oblong to oblong-obovate, 5-12 cm. long,
cuspidate-acuminate, acute or attenuate at the base; inflorescences
terminal and from the upper axils, sessile or pedunculate, few- or
many-flowered, very lax and open, with long, slender pedicels, the
flowers cymose or subumbellate; calyx truncate; corolla 12 mm.
long, the narrow, attenuate lobes much exceeding the thick tube;
FLORA OF PERU 139
fruit globose, 6-8 mm. in diameter. "Chaleta," "kikin-kaka."
Neg. 809.
Amazonas: Mouth of Rio Santiago, Tessmann 1+293. Loreto:
Santa Ana, Williams 1234- Leticia, Ule 6220. Rio Nanay, forest,
Williams 753. Mishuyacu, 100 meters, in forest, Klug 691. Also
in Amazonian Brazil and in Venezuela.
Faramea coerulescens Schum. & Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40:
347. 1908.
A densely branched, glabrous shrub or small tree 3-5 meters
high; stipules triangular, acuminate, 3-4 mm. long; leaves short-
petiolate, coriaceous, the blades obovate or oblong-elliptic, 4-8 cm.
long, 1.5-4.5 cm. wide, obtusely short-acuminate or acutish, acute or
acutish at the base; flowers subcorymbose, few, on short or elongate,
usually stout pedicels, fragrant; calyx 4-dentate; corolla white, the
rather stout tube 1.5-2 cm. long, the lobes ovate, much shorter.
Neg. 811.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews. Without locality: Ruiz &
Pavdn; Weberbauer 7151. Also in the mountains of Ecuador.
Faramea congesta Huber, Bol. Mus. Paraense 4: 615. 1906.
A shrub 1-2 meters high; leaves short-petiolate or subsessile;
stipules short-connate, long-aristate; leaf blades ovate or oblong-
lanceolate, 10-15 cm. long, 3.5-5.5 cm. wide, falcately long-acum-
inate, acute or short-acuminate at the base, glabrous above, pilosu-
lous beneath on the nerves or glabrate, ciliate; inflorescence sub-
sessile, condensed and head-like, hirtellous, 10-20-flowered; corolla
white, 13 mm. long; calyx lobes subulate, recurved or revolute;
lobes of the corolla equaling the tube.
Loreto: Type from Cerro de Chanchahuaya, Huber.
Faramea exemplaris Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 205. 1936.
A shrub or small tree 4 meters high, glabrous throughout, the
branches slender, obtusely tetragonous; stipules deciduous, cuspi-
date-attenuate from an ovate-triangular base; leaves large, short-
petiolate, the blades oblong, 20-26 cm. long, 5.5-8.5 cm. wide,
rather abruptly caudate-acuminate, the tip linear and elongate,
rounded or obtuse at the base or rarely subacute, strongly bullate,
the lateral nerves about 24 on each side, strongly elevated beneath ;
inflorescence large, laxly many-flowered, pedunculate, about 11
cm. long and broad, the pedicels 2-3 mm. long; calyx less than 1
mm. long; corolla in bud 12-13 mm. long, long-attenuate, the lobes
almost twice as long as the tube, yellow.
140 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Loreto: Mouth of the Rio Santiago, upper Maranon, 160 meters,
in upland forest, Tessmann 4562, type.
Faramea glandulosa P. & E. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 29. pi.
234. 1845.
A glabrous shrub or small tree 2-6 meters high, with slender or
rather stout branches; stipules deltoid or ovate, long-aristate, mostly
deciduous; leaves short-petiolate, subcoriaceous or thick-mem-
branaceous, chiefly oblong, gradually or abruptly caudate-acuminate,
acute or obtuse at the base, lustrous; flowers fragrant, cymose-
paniculate, the panicles few- or many-flowered, sessile or pedun-
culate, usually rather open, stiffly branched, the flowers short-
pedicellate; calyx 4-dentate; corolla white or blue, 8-10 mm. long,
the lobes equaling or somewhat longer than the tube; fruit sub-
globose, black or purple. Neg. 818.
Huanuco: Type from Cochero, Poeppig. Junin: San Nicolas,
1,100 meters, Killip & Smith 25976. La Merced, 1,200 meters,
Macbride 5716. Loreto: Yurimaguas, in forest, Williams 3892,
4527; Mexia 6083; Killip & Smith 28053. Mainas, Poeppig 2067,
2124. San Antonio, Williams 3498; Killip & Smith 29451, 29336,
29327. Puerto Arturo, 135 meters, Killip & Smith 27804. Soledad,
Killip & Smith 29799, 29629, 29577. Iquitos, in forest, Williams
3682, 1489; Killip & Smith 27193. Paraiso, Williams 3321, 3370,
3376. Mishuyacu, Killip & Smith 29964; King 444. San Ramon,
in forest, Williams 4571. Rio Itaya, Williams 231, 109. La Vic-
toria, Williams 2525. Manfinfa, Williams 1129. Balsapuerto,
Killip & Smith 28397. San Martin: Near Tarapoto, Spruce 4612;
Williams 6093, 6065. Between Tarapoto and Chasuta, Raimondi
948. Without locality: Poeppig 1444- Also in Amazonian Brazil.
"Charichuela," "situlli caspi." Some of the collections cited
have been referred erroneously toF. candelabrum Standl., a Bolivian
species. Others have been determined as F. amazonica Muell. Arg.,
a species that I do not believe is distinct from F. glandulosa. The
ample material at hand is somewhat variable, however, and it is
possible that it represents more than a single species, although no
lines of segregation are now apparent.
Faramea Harmsiana Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 207. 1936.
A shrub 1.5 meters high, glabrous throughout, the branchlets
acutely quadrangular; stipules sheathing, 1 cm. long, the lobes
obtuse or rounded and mucronate; leaves large, short-petiolate,
firm-papyraceous, the blades oblong-elliptic, 26 cm. long and 11
FLORA OF PERU 141
cm. wide, abruptly short-acuminate, acute or subacute at the base,
the lateral nerves about 16 pairs, diverging at almost a right angle;
inflorescence cymose-corymbose, pedunculate, the flowers short-
pedicellate; calyx cupular, 0.5 mm. long; corolla pale blue, the slender
tube 7-9 mm. long, the 4 lobes lance-oblong, 4-5 mm. long, acute.
Loreto: Upper Maranon, mouth of Rio Santiago, upland forest,
160 meters, Tessmann 4570, type.
Faramea maynensis Spruce ex B. & H. Gen. PI. 2: 121. 1873,
nomen; ex Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 300. 1907. Rudgea
scandens Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 342. 1908.
A glabrous shrub with slender branches, said to be sometimes
scandent; stipules green, connate into a narrow and commonly per-
sistent sheath; leaves short-petiolate, usually thin, oblong or nar-
rowly oblong, less often obovate-oblong, caudate-acuminate, acute
or obtuse at the base; inflorescence usually many flowered, cymose-
corymbose, sessile or pedunculate, the flowers slender-pedicellate;
corolla blue, 12-17 mm. long, the lobes equaling or shorter than the
tube; fruit 10-14 mm. wide. Negs. 687, 836, 22810.
Ayacucho: Kimpitiriki, 400 meters, Killip & Smith 23000.
Huanuco: Below Posuso, Tessmann 3905. Junin: Chanchamayo
Valley, 1,200-1,500 meters, Schunke 322, 428. La Merced, 1,000
meters, open forest, Weberbauer 1814, type of Rudgea scandens.
Loreto: Yurimaguas, Williams 7820. Mainas, Poeppig 2010. La
Victoria, on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 2710, 2766. Fortaleza,
140 meters, King 2783. Balsapuerto, 220 meters, King 2916.
Caballo-cocha, Williams 2208, 2107, 2262a, 2485, 2361. San An-
tonio, 135 meters, Tessmann 3785; Killip & Smith 29441. San
Martin: Near Tarapoto, Spruce 4946, type collection. Rio Mayo,
Spruce 4612. Also in Bolivia, Ecuador, Brazil, and Colombia.
Faramea miconioides Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 178. 1930.
A glabrous shrub 1 meter high with stout branches; stipules
connate into an elongate sheath, 3.5-4 cm. long; leaves short-
petiolate, subcoriaceous, the blades elliptic-oblong or obovate-
oblong, 14-16 cm. long, 5.5-6.5 cm. wide, short-acuminate, acute at
the base; nerves about 19 pairs, divergent at almost a right angle;
inflorescence sessile, cymose-paniculate, many-flowered, 4.5 cm. long,
the pedicels 3 mm. long; calyx lobes linear-oblong, obtuse; corolla
blue, in bud 5 mm. long.
Junin: Dos de Mayo, Pichis Trail, 1,800 meters, dense forest,
Killip & Smith 25808, type. Without locality: Poeppig 2062.
Noteworthy for the extreme development of the stipules.
142 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Faramea occidentalis (L.) A. Rich. M&n. Soc. Hist. Nat.
Paris 5: 176. 1834. Ixora occidentalis L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 893.
1759. F. odoratissima DC. Prodr. 4: 496. 1830.
A slender, glabrous shrub or small tree; stipules small, short,
aristate; leaves short-petiolate, oblong or lance-oblong, short-
acuminate, acute or attenuate at the base, rather thin, usually
blackish when dried; inflorescences terminal and axillary, few-
flowered, usually corymbose, sometimes umbellate, the flowers
long-pedicellate, white, fragrant; corolla glabrous, 2 cm. long, the
linear-lanceolate lobes equaling or longer than the tube; fruit 1.5
cm. broad.
San Martin: Juan Jui, Alto Rio Huallaga, 400 meters, in forest,
Klug 3877. Ranging to Mexico and the West Indies.
Faramea phyllonomoides Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 332. 1929.
A glabrous shrub or small tree with slender branches; stipules
sheathing, persistent; leaves almost sessile, firm-membranaceous,
narrowly elliptic-oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, 6-10.5 cm. long,
1.7-3.5 cm. wide, caudate-acuminate, acute or obtuse at the base;
inflorescence cymose-paniculate, sessile, laxly few-flowered, the
flowers mostly subumbellate, the pedicels 2-6 mm. long; calyx teeth
remote, triangular-subulate.
Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1,500 meters, Schunke 277 (type),
439. Above San Ramon, 1,300-1,700 meters, Schunke A24.
It is questionable whether this is distinct from F. maynensis.
Faramea quinqueflora P. & E. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 28. pi. 234.
1845. Coussarea bryoxenos Schum. & Krause, Verh. Bot. Ver.
Brandenb. 50: 116. 1908.
A glabrous shrub or small tree 1-7.5 meters high, with slender
branches; stipules connate into a narrow, persistent sheath, the
lobes aristate; leaves thin, short-petiolate, oblong or narrowly lance-
oblong, rather small, caudate-acuminate or attenuate-acuminate,
acute or obtuse at the base; flowers umbellate, the umbels few- or
many-flowered, the pedicels slender, elongate; calyx obscurely
4-denticulate; corolla pale blue, the slender tube 5-10 mm. long,
the narrow lobes of equal length; fruit subglobose or depressed,
deep blue to blackish or purple. Negs. 787, 838.
Loreto: Iquitos, edge of forest, Williams 8164; Tessmann 3695;
Killip & Smith 27311, 27028. Soledad, 110 meters, in forest, Killip
& Smith 29740, 29780, 29820. Pampas de Ponasa, Ule 6777, type
FLORA OF PERU 143
of Coussarea bryoxenos. Santa Ana, Williams 1240. Punchana, in
forest, Williams 3760. Santa Rosa, Killip & Smith 28948. Mishu-
yacu, 100 meters, King 1052, 1554. San Martin: Type from forests
of Mision Tocache, Poeppig (photo, seen of Poeppig 2010 ex hb.
Berol.). Tarapoto, Williams 5750; Spruce 4296. Also in Colombia.
Faramea rectinervia Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 177. 1930.
A small, glabrous tree; stipules broadly ovate, 7-9 mm. long,
short-cuspidate; leaves short-petiolate, subcoriaceous, the blades
oval or elliptic-oblong, 15-22 cm. long, 6.5-11 cm. wide, abruptly
cuspidate from the obtuse or rounded apex, obtuse to almost rounded
at the base; inflorescence cymose-corymbose, sessile or pedunculate,
4.5-14 cm. long and broad, the flowers cymulose or subumbellate,
on pedicels 1-5 mm. long; calyx truncate and distantly denticulate;
corolla in bud 11-13 mm. long, the lobes equaling the tube; fruit
depressed-globose, 7-10 mm. broad, bright blue.
Junin: Puerto Bermudez, 375 meters, dense forest, Killip &
Smith 26418, 26582. Loreto: Yurimaguas, in 1830, Poeppig. La
Victoria on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 2962, type. Rancho
Indiana, Distrito de Iquitos, 110 meters, overflowed creek bank,
Mexia 6318; a shrub of 2 meters, the corolla blue.
Faramea subsessilis (R. & P.) Standl., comb. nov. Coffea
subsessilis R. & P. Fl. 2: 64. pi. 21 5 J. b. 1799.
A glabrous shrub 3.5 meters high; stipules connate, acuminate;
leaves subsessile, obovate-oblong, acuminate, coriaceous, subcordate
at the base, shining above, very conspicuously veined; inflorescence
much branched, many-flowered, the flowers ternate, long-pedicellate;
fruit oval, red, turning dark violet, as large as a cherry.
Huanuco: Type from forests of Chinchao, Ruiz & Pavdn.
I have seen no material representing this species, but the original
illustration seems to show a plant almost certainly referable to the
genus Faramea.
66. PAGAMEA Aubl.
Trees or shrubs; stipules connate into a sheath, deciduous; leaves
opposite, petiolate, coriaceous; flowers small, glomerate, the clusters
arranged in spikes or racemes or thyrsiform panicles, chiefly 4-parted ;
calyx tubular-campanulate, persistent, dentate; corolla funnelform,
the tube very short, the lobes spreading, paleaceous-villous within,
valvate in bud; anthers subsessile, linear, semiexserted ; ovary
almost free, 2-5-celled, the ovules solitary; fruit drupaceous, some
of the cells often abortive.
144 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Pagamea guianensis Aubl. PI. Guian. 1: 113. 1775. Psychotria
Macbridei Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 68. 1930.
A shrub 1.5-2.5 meters high, densely leafy; stipules 8-10 mm.
long, subulate-acuminate, brown; leaves on stout petioles, coria-
ceous, the blades usually fuscous when dried, obovate-oblong or
elliptic-oblong, 5-11 cm. long, long-acuminate, narrowed toward
the base and long-decurrent, paler beneath, sparsely pilose or almost
glabrous except for tufts of hairs in the axils of the nerves; inflores-
cence simple or branched, densely many-flowered ; calyx 1 mm. long,
the teeth acute or obtuse; corolla white, 5 mm. long, glabrous out-
side; fruit subglobose, glabrous, usually 2-celled, black at maturity.
Junin: La Merced, 1,200 meters, in forest, 5785, type of Psy-
chotria Macbridei. Loreto(?): Cerro de Isco, Rio Huallaga, Vie
64- Without locality: Poeppig 2984- Brazil and the Guianas.
Although referred by most recent authors to the Rubiaceae, this
genus has been placed more often, perhaps, in the Loganiaceae, and
it is probable that it should be removed permanently from the
Rubiaceae.
67. STACHYOGOCGUS Standl., gen. nov.
Frutices, ramis crassiusculis obtuse tetragonis; folia ampla
opposita breviter petiolata chartacea vel subcoriacea; inflorescentia
terminalis spicata elongata, floribus bracteatis in glomerulos dense
multifloros remotos dispositis, arete sessilibus, hermaphroditis,
paribus glomerulorum bractea breviter vaginante patelliformi
subtectis; hypanthium minutum, calyce campanulato obsolete
denticulate; corolla alba in alabastro obtusa extus minute puberulo-
tomentella, tubo cylindraceo intus glabro, lobis in alabastro valvatis
obtusis apice subcucullatis; stamina prope basin tubi inserta, fila-
mentis brevibus filiformibus glabris, antheris dorsifixis oblongo-
linearibus; ovarium biloculare, loculis 1-ovulatis, ovulis basi locul-
orum fixis erectis; fructus baccatus, pyrenis 2 non connatis; semina
copiose albuminosa facie ventrali profunde anguste sulcata.
Type species, Stachyococcus adinanthus Standl.
Stachyococcus adinanthus Standl., comb. nov. Retiniphyllum
adinanthum Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 355. 1931.
A shrub 3-4.5 meters high, the branches glabrous; stipules
unknown; leaves short-petiolate, the blades oblong-elliptic or
oblanceolate-oblong, as much as 27 cm. long and 11.5 cm. wide but
mostly narrower, somewhat rounded at the apex and abruptly
FLORA OF PERU 145
cuspidate-acuminate, acute at the base, glabrous, paler beneath,
the nerves about 12 on each side; spikes about 13 cm. long and 12
mm. thick, the rachis minutely puberulent; calyx 2.2 mm. long,
minutely puberulent; corolla obtuse in bud, the tube 4.5 mm. long,
the 5 lobes spreading, narrowly oblong, obtuse, 3.5 mm. long.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, in clearing, 100 meters, Klug
988, type. Brazil: Igarape* das Pedras, Rio Tapajoz, State of
Para, Ducke 23125 (Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro). Near mouth of
Rio Embira, Amazonas, Krukoff 4900, 4682.
When this plant was first described by the writer, only flowering
specimens were available for study, and it was impossible to do better
than refer it to Retiniphyllum, a group with which actually it has
no affinities. The fruiting specimens collected by Krukoff show
that it is referable without question to the tribe Psychotrieae. The
fruit is strikingly like that of coffee in general appearance, but the
plant's relationship is with the genus Psychotria. That is so vast a
group, with such a wide range of characters, that it is difficult to
assign distinctive characters to Stachyococcus. However, in its
general appearance Stachyococcus bears no close resemblance to any
species of Psychotria with which I am familiar, the form of the
inflorescence alone being sufficient to distinguish it, and I suspect
that the differences between the two genera are important ones.
68. GEOPHILA Don
Creeping herbs; leaves long-petiolate, ovate-cordate or rounded-
cordate, herbaceous; flowers small, in terminal, pedunculate, few-
flowered heads, the heads subtended by 2 free bracts; calyx dentate
or lobate; corolla tubular-funnelform, pilose in the throat; stamens
4-7, inserted in the corolla tube, the filaments filiform; ovary 2-
celled; fruit fleshy, drupaceous, the 2 nutlets plano-convex, dorsally
compressed, usually costate.
Ovary densely villous. Leaves acute, villous-hirsute on both sur-
faces G. trichogyne.
Ovary glabrous or nearly so.
Leaves broadly rounded or very obtuse at the apex, glabrous
except beneath along the costa G. herbacea.
Leaves acute or acuminate.
Leaf blades glabrous G. macropoda.
Leaf blades pilose on the upper surface G. gracilis.
146 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Geophila gracilis (R. & P.) DC. Prodr. 4: 537. 1830. Psy-
chotria gracilis R. & P. Fl. 2: 63. pi 211, f. c. 1799.
Stems very slender; stipules ovate, acute; leaves long-petiolate,
the blades ovate-cordate, mostly 2-3 cm. long, acute or acuminate,
thin, glabrous beneath; heads 6-9-flowered, the flowers short-
pedicellate; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate; corolla pale violet; fruit
ovate, blackish or red.
Huanuco: Type from Pillao and Pueblo Nuevo, Ruiz & Pawn
(photo, seen, ex hb. Berol.). Loreto: Yurimaguas, Ule 6762. San
Martin: Tocache, Poeppig 1870. Also in Brazil.
It is questionable whether this is more than a form of G. herbacea.
Geophila herbacea (Jacq.) Schum. in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 4, pt. 4:
119. 1891. Psychotria herbacea Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 16. 1760.
Mapouria herbacea Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 5: 427. 1881.
A slender, creeping perennial; stipules 1.5 mm. long, obtuse;
leaves long-petiolate, the blades rounded-ovate or subreniform,
deeply cordate at the base, usually 3-4 cm. long, nearly glabrous;
heads long-pedunculate, usually 3-5-flowered; calyx lobes lanceolate,
acuminate; corolla white or purplish, often 1 cm. long; fruit red or
almost black, 5 mm. long, usually spirally twisted.
Amazonas: Boca de Yarina, Tessmann 3496. Ayacucho: Near
Kimpitiriki, 400 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 22902.
Junin: La Merced, 600 meters, in forest, 5273, 5502. Chan-
chamayo Valley, 1,200 meters, Schunke 355. Loreto: La Victoria,
on the Amazon, in pasture, Williams 2657, 2860. Forest between
Rio Nanay and Rio Napo, Williams 688. Puerto Arturo, along
paths and in fields, Williams 5178, 5324; Killip & Smith 27758.
Santa Rosa, in pasture, Williams 4806. Iquitos, in forest, Williams
8048; Killip & Smith 27404. Mishuyacu, in clearing, King 492,
1147. San Antonio, Rio Itaya, 110 meters, Killip & Smith 29499.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 6009. Generally distributed in
tropical America, usually at low elevations; often a weed in cul-
tivated ground.
Geophila macropoda (R. & P.) DC. Prodr. 4: 537. 1830.
Psychotria macropoda R. & P. Fl. 2: 63. pi. 211,f. b. 1799. P. cordi-
folia Dietr. Gaertn. Lex. 1: 618. 1802-1810. Coccocypselum macro-
podum Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 18: 107. 1891.
A nearly glabrous, creeping herb; stipules ovate; leaf blades
broadly cordate-ovate, acute; petioles at first pubescent; heads
FLORA OF PERU 147
3-6-flowered, the flowers subsessile; calyx lobes subulate; fruit oval,
purplish black, the nutlets smooth.
Huanuco: Type from forests of Iscutuna, near Pillao, Ruiz &
Pav6n.
I have seen no material of this species, which probably is only a
form of G. herbacea.
Geophila trichogyne (Muell. Arg.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot.
7: 423. 1931. Mapouria trichogyne Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras.
6, pt. 5: 426. 1881.
A large, creeping herb, copiously villous-hirsute throughout
with long, slender, spreading hairs; leaves long-petiolate, the blades
oblong-cordate to broadly ovate-cordate, 3-11 cm. long, acuminate
to acutish, deeply cordate at the base, paler beneath; peduncles
usually shorter than the petioles, 5-8-fl owered ; calyx lobes lance-
linear; corolla white; fruit red or orange-red.
Junin: Cahuapanas, 340 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith
26780. Loreto: Caballo-cocha, on the Amazon, in forest, Williams
2110. La Victoria, on the Amazon, edge of forest, Williams 2909.
Fortaleza, Yurimaguas, in forest, Williams 4246. Pisco, Alto Rio
Nanay, Williams 1285. Yurimaguas, Ule 6763. Mishuyacu, 100
meters, Klug 1423. Without locality: Poeppig 2242. Also in
Amazonian Brazil and in Venezuela and Colombia.
69. CEPHAELIS Sw.
Shrubs or small trees, sometimes herbs; stipules free or connate,
usually persistent; leaves opposite; flowers capitate, subtended by
an involucre of usually sessile, free or connate, often colored bracts,
the heads terminal or axillary, simple or branched; calyx short or
elongate, 4-7-dentate, persistent; corolla funnelform or salverform,
the tube straight, commonly elongate, the throat villous or naked,
the lobes 4-5, valvate in bud; stamens inserted in the throat of the
corolla, the filaments usually short, the linear anthers included or
exserted; ovary normally 2-celled; fruit drupaceous, containing 2
hard, smooth or costate nutlets, these usually longitudinally sulcate
on the inner face.
The genus is scarcely a natural one, there being no sharp line of
demarcation between it and Psychotria. For the most part, however,
it is possible to refer a species readily to one or the other group, and
since both genera are large ones, it seems desirable to recognize
Cephaelis as distinct, merely as a matter of convenience.
148 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Flower heads compound or simple and umbellate; bracts subtending
the inflorescence broad.
Leaves densely pubescent beneath C. Schunkeana.
Leaves glabrous beneath except sometimes on the costa.
Leaf blades membranaceous, purple beneath when dry, mostly
9-11 cm. wide C. pebasensis.
Leaf blades thick-coriaceous, not purplish beneath, mostly 6
cm. wide or less.
Inflorescence trichotomous, the bracts at its base 1.5 cm.
long C. Schraderoides.
Inflorescence of 4-5 umbellate heads, the bracts short and
inconspicuous C. umbellata.
Flower heads simple, solitary, the bracts at their base sometimes
linear.
Bracts subtending the heads linear or lance-linear. Plants with
sparse or dense, spreading pubescence.
Leaves glabrous beneath or nearly so, ciliate, often hirsute on
the costa C. blepharophylla.
Leaves copiously hirsute or pilose beneath.
Flower heads sessile C. iodotricha.
Flower heads short-pedunculate C. trichocephala.
Bracts subtending the heads chiefly ovate or broader.
Flower heads axillary, sessile or practically so C. leucantha.
Flower heads terminal or, if axillary, conspicuously pedunculate.
Flower heads small, in flower less than 1.5 cm. broad, com-
monly about 1 cm. broad; leaves glabrous or prac-
tically so.
Leaf blades oblong-linear to linear-lanceolate, 7-17 mm.
wide C. Oleandrella.
Leaf blades oblong to elliptic-oblong, chiefly 2-6 cm. wide.
Stipules deeply bilobate, with subulate lobes. C. Killipii.
Stipules not bilobate.
Heads in flower 6-7 mm. wide, much longer than
broad, slender-pedunculate; petioles 7-10 mm.
long C. Williamsii.
Heads in flower 1 cm. wide or larger, nearly or quite as
broad as long, on thick, stout peduncles; petioles
chiefly 15 mm. long or more C. flaviflora.
FLORA OF PERU 149
Flower heads large, usually much more than 2 cm. wide; leaves
often copiously pubescent.
Leaves purple or purplish beneath C. oinochrophylla.
Leaves green beneath.
Stipules neither bilobate nor biaristate. Leaves glabrous.
Bracts subtending the flower head 3-4 cm. long.
C. dolichophylla.
Bracts about 1 cm. long C. affinis.
Stipules deeply bilobate or at least biaristate.
Stipules ovate, 6-7 mm. long, shortly biaristate at
the apex or truncate and biaristate.
Bracts violaceous, 14-16 mm. long. . .C. acreana.
Bracts green, 20-25 mm. long C. bella.
Stipules deeply bilobate, 1-1.5 cm. long or larger.
Bracts free or nearly so.
Bracts dark red, usually broader than long.
C. rosea.
Bracts whitish, longer than broad. .C. pubescens.
Bracts long-connate.
Hairs along the costa on the lower surface of the
leaf appressed C. barcellana.
Hairs of the costa spreading C. tomentosa.
Cephaelis acreana Krause, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 211.
1914.
A shrub, the branches glabrous; stipules ovate, biaristate;
leaves short-petiolate, firm-membranaceous, the blades lanceolate to
ovate-oblong, 9-12 cm. long, about 4 cm. wide, long-acuminate,
acute at the base, glabrous or almost so; flower heads terminal,
on rather short peduncles; bracts rounded-ovate, short-acuminate,
14-16 mm. long, violaceous when dry; corolla yellowish white, the
tube 8 mm. long; fruit blue, costate, 5-6 mm. long. Neg. 713.
Loreto: Seringal Auristella, Alto Rio Acre, Ule 9856, type
(photo, and fragm. seen, ex hb. Berol.).
Cephaelis affinis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 184. 1930.
A glabrous shrub 1-2 meters high; leaves long-petiolate, the
blades thick, oblong-elliptic, 19-30 cm. long, 8.5-14 cm. wide,
abruptly acuminate, acute at the base; heads terminal, long-pedun-
150 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
culate, 2.5 cm. broad in fruit; bracts green, 8 mm. long and 12 mm.
wide, broadly rounded at the apex; fruits pedicellate, subglobose,
8-9 mm. long, deep purple, the nutlets costate dorsally.
Loreto: Between Yurimaguas and Balsapuerto, dense forest,
Killip & Smith 28329, type.
Cephaelis barcellana (Muell. Arg.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8:
184. 1930. Psychotria barcellana Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras.
6, pt. 5:369.1881.
A shrub 1-2 meters high, or often chiefly herbaceous, the branches
hirsute; leaves short-petiolate, membranaceous, the blades oblong-
elliptic to lanceolate, long-acuminate, acute at the base; heads
terminal, solitary, on short or elongate peduncles; bracts bright
purplish red, 3-5 cm. long, acute or acuminate, sometimes with
green tips, connate, saccate at the base; corollas yellow, sericeous;
fruits bright blue.
Loreto: Lower Rio Nanay, Williams 341, 682, 714- Marana,
Williams 1381. Pinto-cocha, Williams 782. Caballo-cocha, in
forest, Williams 2323, 2069. Pebas, Williams 1690, 1683, 1692,
1624. Florida, 180 meters, in forest, Klug 2227. Punchana, Wil-
liams 1326, 1329. Tira Doble, edge of stream, Williams 1075.
Masisea, Rio Ucayali, Tessmann. Iquitos, edge of forest, Williams
3685; in forest or clearings, Killip & Smith 26970, 27377, 26931.
Ranging to Brazil, Venezuela, and Colombia. "Usiya-puino"
(Huitoto name).
"Awa," "picho sisa." In general appearance the plant is exactly
like C. tomentosa, of which it may be only a form or variety. The
only important differences between the two species are in the nature
of the pubescence. Employed, according to Klug, "as a remedy
for burns."
Cephaelis bella Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 372. 1931.
A glabrous shrub with slender branches; stipules 2-2.5 mm. long;
leaves petiolate, bright green, firm-membranaceous, the blades
elliptic to ovate-elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 9.5-13.5 cm. long, acute,
at the base acute or acuminate; heads terminal, short-pedunculate;
bracts ovate-orbicular, green, acute or rounded and mucronate,
broadly rounded or truncate at the base; calyx obscurely denticulate;
corolla glabrous, the tube 9-13 mm. long.
Loreto: Puerto Arturo, Yurimaguas, in forest, Williams 5207
(type), 5071.
FLORA OF PERU 151
Noteworthy for the bright green color of dried specimens and
for the large, green bracts.
Cephaelis blepharophylla Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 182.
1930.
An herb or shrub 30-50 cm. high, erect or decumbent and root-
ing at the lower nodes, the stems sparsely villous-pilose or glabrate;
stipule sheath truncate, the lobes linear-attenuate, 4-10 mm. long,
ciliate; leaves petiolate, the blades elliptic-oblong to broadly elliptic,
7-15 cm. long, 2.5-7 cm. wide, abruptly acuminate, acute or abruptly
decurrent at the base, long-ciliate; inflorescences terminal, capitate
or densely cymose, the peduncles 5-10 mm. long, the heads 1.5-3
cm. broad; bracts parted almost to the base into linear, villous-
ciliate segments; calyx minutely denticulate; corolla yellowish lilac,
almost glabrous, the slender tube 13 mm. long, not barbate in the
throat; fruit blue, subglobose, 5 mm. long, glabrous.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, in forest, Klug 59.
Soledad, Rio Itaya, 110 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 29798.
Also in Amazonian Brazil.
Cephaelis dolichophylla Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4:334. 1929.
A shrub with thick branchlets; stipules ovate- triangular, acumi-
nate, 2 cm. long; leaves short-petiolate, the blades thick, oblanceo-
late-oblong to elliptic-oblong, 22-30 cm. long or larger, 4.5-15 cm.
wide, long-acuminate or abruptly short-acuminate, attenuate to the
base, glabrous; heads terminal, long-pedunculate, densely many-
flowered; outer bracts broadly ovate, 3-4 cm. long, short-connate,
acute, pink or deep red; fruit black, 5-7 mm. long or larger; calyx
truncate.
Loreto: Near Yurimaguas, Spruce 3876, type; 135 meters, in
dense forest, Killip & Smith 28027. Also in Matto Grosso, Brazil.
Cephaelis flaviflora (Krause) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 184.
1930. Uragoga flaviflora Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 344. 1908.
A glabrous shrub or tree 2.5-6 meters high with rather slender
branches; stipules broadly ovate, connate, 5-6 mm. long, obtuse or
emarginate, persistent; leaves petiolate, coriaceous, the blades
narrowly oblong to elliptic-obovate, 12-17 cm. long, caudate-acumi-
nate, acute to attenuate at the base, with numerous lateral nerves;
heads terminal, on short or elongate, stout peduncles; bracts yellow
or orange, 8-10 mm. long, rounded at the apex or sometimes acutish;
calyx obsoletely dentate; corolla yellow or pale yellow, glabrous,
152 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
16-18 mm. long, sometimes white; fruit brownish red; fruiting
heads as much as 2.5 cm. broad. Neg. 742.
Huanuco: Between Monzon and Huallaga, 700 meters, Weber-
bauer 3686, type (photo, and fragm. seen, ex hb. Berol.). Junin:
Santa Rosa, 625-900 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 26180,
26186. San Nicolas, 1,100 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith
26002, 25982. Loreto: Below Pongo de Manseriche, 155 meters,
Tessmann 3887. Pumayacu, 600-1,200 meters, King 3147.
Cephaelis iodotricha (Muell. Arg.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot.
7: 427. 1931. Psychotria iodotricha Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl.
Bras. 6, pt. 5: 375. 1881.
A shrub 1-3.5 meters high, or sometimes merely herbaceous or
suffrutescent, the branches hirsute with bluish hairs; stipules 4 mm.
long, bifid; leaves subsessile, lance-oblong to ovate-oblong, 5-12 cm.
long, long-acuminate, obtuse to rounded at the base; heads chiefly
terminal, about 5-flowered; bracts deeply 5-8-fid, the segments
setaceous-attenuate, hirsute with long, purplish hairs; calyx seta-
ceous-laciniate like the bracts; corolla greenish white, hirsute. Neg.
22834.
Loreto: Lower Rio Nanay, in forest, Williams 712. La Victoria,
in forest, Williams 2716, 2994- Caballo-cocha, in forest, Williams
2352. Pebas, Williams 1703, 1687, 1630. Between Yurimaguas and
Balsapuerto, 140 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 28697. Also
along the Amazon in Brazil and in French Guiana.
Cephaelis Killipii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 187. 1930.
A shrub 1-3.5 meters high, glabrous except about the inflores-
cence; stipules 4 mm. long, bilobate to the middle; leaves short-
petiolate, the blades oblong to obovate-oblong, 9-18 cm. long,
abruptly acuminate, acute or attenuate at the base; heads terminal,
on peduncles 1.2-2 cm. long, few-flowered, the outer bracts broadly
ovate, 8 mm. long, abruptly long-acuminate, green, ciliate; calyx
tubular, 4 mm. long, 5-fid; fruit red, subglobose, 8-9 mm. long, the
nutlets almost smooth dorsally.
Loreto: San Antonio, on Rio Itaya, 110 meters, dense forest,
Killip & Smith 29303 (type), 29425. Soledad, Killip & Smith
29624. San Antonio, Alto Itaya, Williams 3477, 3394*
Cephaelis leucantha (Krause) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 191.
1936. Uragoga leucantha Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 345. 1908.
FLORA OF PERU 153
A shrub 2.5 meters high, or sometimes lower and herbaceous or
suffrutescent, the stems glabrous; stipules connate into a truncate
sheath 3-4 mm. long; leaves rather short-petiolate, the blades
elliptic-obovate to oblanceolate-oblong, 20-30 cm. long, 6-12 cm.
wide, acute or short-acuminate, acute or attenuate at the base,
sparsely pilose beneath or glabrate, thin; heads axillary, sessile or
short-pedunculate, the bracts broadly ovate, acutish, glabrous;
calyx 5-dentate; corolla white, glabrous, 6-7 mm. long. Neg. 754.
Huanuco: Between Monzon and Huallaga, 600 meters, Weber-
bauer 3668, type (photo, and fragm. seen, ex hb. Berol.). Junin:
Cahuapanas, 340 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 26759.
Loreto: San Antonio, Rio Itaya, 110 meters, dense forest, Killip
& Smith 29527, 29362. Mouth of Rio Santiago, upper Maranon,
160 meters, upland forest, Tessmann 4093, 4330.
The plant should probably be referred rather to the genus
Psychotria.
Cephaelis oinochrophylla Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 372. 1931.
A shrub 1.5 meters high, branched, the branches glabrous;
stipules broadly ovate, 1-1.5 cm. long, abruptly acuminate, glabrous,
short-bifid at the apex; leaves short-petiolate, the blades elliptic-
oblong, 15-20 cm. long, 4.5-7.5 cm. wide, short-acuminate, acute
at the base, glabrous above, beneath red-purple in the dried state,
minutely puberulent on the costa, elsewhere glabrous; inflorescence
terminal, long-pedunculate, composed of 3 dense, sessile or very
shortly pedunculate heads, the outer bracts rounded, 10-12 mm.
long, broadly rounded or apiculate at the apex; corolla tube 8-9
mm. long, the lobes 1 mm. long.
Loreto: Tierra Blanca, lower Rio Morona, middle Maranon, 160
meters, in forest, Tessmann, 4913, type.
The collector supplies the following notes: Bracts more or less
deep brownish lilac; peduncles often almost wholly lilac; lower leaf
surface colored a beautiful lilac; corolla white. The species may be
recognized at once by the brightly colored under surface of the
leaf blades.
Cephaelis Oleaiidrella Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 334. 1929.
A shrub 1-3.5 meters high, glabrous almost throughout, with
slender branches; stipule sheath 1-3 mm. long, the subulate lobes
1-2 mm. long; leaves short-petiolate, the blades 4-8.5 cm. long,
narrowly long-acuminate, the costa beneath bordered by a ribbon-
like, ciliate membrane; heads long-pedunculate, terminal, 7-9 mm.
154 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
wide; outer bracts broadly ovate, 6-7 mm. long, acuminate, ochro-
leucous, ciliolate; calyx 5-lobate; corolla ochroleucous, glabrous,
9 mm. long; fruit orange or red.
Junin: La Merced, 1,200 meters, on montafia slope, Macbride
5635, type. Above San Ram6n, 1,300-1,700 meters, Schunke A30;
Killip & Smith 24606. Dos de Mayo, 1,800 meters, dense forest,
Killip & Smith 25816. Yapas, 1,500 meters, dense forest, Killip
& Smith 25491. Chanchamayo Valley, Schunke 410.
Cephaelis pebasensis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 186. 1930.
A shrub with stout, glabrate branches; stipules persistent, 1.5
cm. long, bilobate, the lobes semiovate, acutish; leaves petiolate,
chartaceous, the blades oblong-elliptic, 14-26 cm. long, 5-11 cm.
wide, abruptly short-acuminate, abruptly decurrent at the base,
glabrous above, sparsely pilosulous beneath along the costa; inflo-
rescence terminal, short-pedunculate, composed of 3-5 umbellate
or short-racemose heads, the basal bracts broadly ovate, obtuse,
1-1.5 cm. long, the heads 1.5 cm. in diameter; calyx 2-3 mm. long,
5-fid; fruit oblong, 5-6 mm. long, sparsely pilosulous.
Loreto: Pebas, on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 1786 (type),
1657.
Cephaelis pubescens Hoffmannsegg ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5:
213. 1819.
A more or less branched shrub; leaves large, thin, narrowly
lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate or long-attenuate, acute
to attenuate at the base, pubescent, especially on the upper surface,
short-petiolate; heads very large, terminal, long-pedunculate, the
outer bracts cordate-ovate or lance-ovate, long-acuminate, usually
pale and whitish near the base, sometimes purple-red, acute to long-
acuminate; corolla 5 mm. long; fruit blue, 3 mm. long. Neg. 764.
Loreto: Florida, Rio Putumayo, 200 meters, in forest, Klug
2038. Colombia, the Guianas, and northern Brazil.
Cephaelis rosea Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 224. 1841.
Psychotria rosea Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 5: 360. 1881.
A nearly glabrous shrub; stipules deeply bifid, with linear-
attenuate lobes; leaves petiolate, the blades ovate-lanceolate to
elliptic-oblong, 12-20 cm. long, long-acuminate, acute or attenuate
at the base; heads terminal, rather short-pedunculate, 2.5-3.5 cm.
wide, the outer bracts often broader than long, cordate-ovate,
FLORA OF PERU 155
acute or obtuse, green or purplish; calyx 5-fid; corolla nearly gla-
brous, 7 mm. long or larger. "Yaku-sisa blanca," "sufia."
Loreto: Rio Nanay, in forest, Williams 765. Timbuchi, Alto
Nanay, Williams 997. Also in Brazil, Venezuela, and the Guianas.
Cephaelis Schraderoides (Krause) Standl. Field Mus. Bot.
11: 191. 1936. Uragoga Schraderoides Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 344.
1908.
A glabrous shrub 2 meters high; stipules connate into a sheath
4-5 mm. long, bifid at the apex; leaves short-petiolate, oblong or
obovate-oblong, 8-13 cm. long, 3.5-5.5 cm. wide, coriaceous, acute
or acuminate, acute at the base; inflorescence terminal, consisting of
3 pedunculate heads; bracts narrowly ovate, acute; calyx lobes
ovate-triangular; corolla white, its tube 6-8 mm. long. Neg. 767.
Loreto: Mountains east of Moyobamba, 1,500 meters, Weber-
bauer 4750, type (photo, and fragm. seen, ex hb. Berol.).
Cephaelis Schunkeana Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 185. 1930.
A shrub 2.5-3.5 meters high, the stout branchlets pilose or
glabrate; stipule lobes semiovate, 1 cm. long; leaves long-petiolate,
the blades firm-membranaceous, elliptic, 27-32 cm. long, 14-15 cm.
wide, abruptly acuminate, acute at the base or abruptly contracted,
glabrous above, velutinous-pilosulous beneath; inflorescence terminal,
pedunculate, composed of 7 racemosely disposed heads 1-2 cm. long;
basal bracts broadly ovate, green, obtuse, 1.5 cm. long; calyx tubular,
4 mm. long or more, glabrous; fruit subglobose, glabrous, 12 cm. long.
Junin: Schunke Hacienda, above San Ramon, 1,400-1,700 meters,
dense forest, Killip & Smith 24658, type.
Cephaelis tomentosa (Aubl.) Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 19. 1796.
Tapogomea tomentosa Aubl. PI. Guian. 1: 160. pi. 61. 1775. Uragoga
tomentosa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 301. 1891.
A shrub 1-3 meters high, or sometimes chiefly herbaceous, copi-
ously hirsute or pilose throughout; leaves thin, short-petiolate,
the blades lanceolate to ovate-elliptic, large, long-acuminate, acute
at the base; heads chiefly terminal, on long or short peduncles,
dense and many-flowered, the bracts chiefly 3-5 cm. long, broadly
ovate, long-connate above the base, deep red, acute or acuminate,
sometimes with long, green tips ; corollas yellow ; fruit blue. Neg. 772.
Cuzco: Marcapata Valley, 1,200 meters, Herrera 1156. Junin:
La Merced, 600 meters, montana slopes, 5530. Santa Rosa, 625-
900 meters, Killip & Smith 26159. Colonia Perene", 680 meters,
156 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
dense forest, Killip & Smith 24947. Above San Ramon, 1,400-
1,700 meters, Killip & Smith 24583. San Ramon, 900-1,300 meters,
edge of woods, Killip & Smith 24750. Near La Merced, Killip &
Smith 23847. Yapas, 1,400 meters, Kittip & Smith 25556. Puerto
Yessup, 400 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 26227. Chan-
chamayo Valley, 1,500 meters, Schunke 449, 242. Loreto: Palta-
cocha, Rio Nanay, in forest, Williams 1258. Between Yurimaguas
and Balsapuerto, 140 meters, Killip & Smith 28239. La Victoria,
Williams 2964. Iquitos, Williams 3656, 3655, 3654, 3764, 3688
San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 5640, 5975. Lamas, Williams
6399. San Roque, 1,400 meters, Williams 7496, 7107. Ranging
from Bolivia and Brazil to southern Mexico.
A handsome plant because of the large flower heads with their
bright red bracts, yellow corollas, and blue berries. The plant is
common in the lowlands of many parts of tropical America.
Cephaelis trichocephala (P. & E.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8:
375. 1931. Psychotria trichocephala P. & E. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 32.
pi. 238. 1845. Uragoga trichocephala Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 301. 1891.
A low or tall shrub, the branches shortly villous-hirsute; leaves
short-petiolate, the blades oblong or lance-oblong, 5-15 cm. long,
acuminate, acute to obtuse at the base, sparsely villous above,
rather densely pilose beneath with short, soft hairs; inflorescences
terminal, solitary, head-like, sometimes trichotomous, the bracts
setaceous, hirsute-ciliate; calyx 5-dentate; corolla violaceous and
yellow, pilose; fruit dark violet. Neg. 775.
San Martin: Type from Rio Tocache, Poeppig 2039 (photo,
seen, ex hb. Berol.). Tarapoto, 750 meters, Williams 5979. Loreto:
Pumayacu, 600-1,200 meters, in forest, Klug 3241; a shrub of 1
meter, the flowers white and red-violet.
Cephaelis umbellata (R. & P.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7:
301. 1931. Coffea umbellata R. & P. Fl. 2: 64. pi. 215, f. a. 1799.
C. Conephoroides Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 372. 1907. Ura-
goga Weberbaueri Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 345. 1908.
A glabrous shrub or tree 5 meters high or less; stipules connate,
5-8 mm. long, rounded at the apex and bidentate; leaves coriaceous,
short-petiolate, the blades obovate-oblong to elliptic-oblong, 10-18
cm. long, abruptly acuminate, acute or obtuse at the base, with
numerous lateral nerves; flower heads umbellate at the end of a long
terminal peduncle, the inflorescence violet; bracts 5-6 mm. long;
fruit subglobose, 6 mm. long. Negs. 824, 845.
FLORA OF PERU 157
Huanuco: Described from Cochero and Chinchao, Ruiz & Pavdn
(photo, of authentic specimen seen, ex hb. Berol.). Loreto: Type
of U. Weberbaueri collected near Moyobamba, Weberbauer 4540.
Also in Bolivia.
Casual reading of the descriptions of Coffea umbellata R. & P.
and C. subsessilis R. & P. will show that the illustrations of the two
are transposed in plate 215. Figure a is evidently the plant described
as Coffea umbellata, and figure b is Coffea subsessilis. This confusion
seems not to have been discovered by earlier writers.
I have seen no material of Uragoga Weberbaueri, but from the
description it can not be separated from Cephaelis umbellata.
Cephaelis Williamsii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 185. 1930.
A glabrous shrub or small tree 2-4 meters high with slender
branches; stipule sheath truncate, 1 mm. long; leaves slender-
petiolate, the blades thick-membranaceous, elliptic-oblong, 5.5-10.5
cm. long, 2-4.5 cm. wide, caudate-acuminate, acute at the base;
peduncles terminal or pseudo-axillary, 12-18 mm. long, the 2 basal
bracts of the head cochleate, 1 cm. long, short-connate at the base;
calyx minute, denticulate; corolla cream-colored; fruit oval-globose,
5-6 mm. long, obtusely costate.
Loreto: Manfinfa, Alto Rio Nanay, in forest, Williams 1114
(type), 1128. Also in Colombia.
70. DECLIEUXIA HBK.
Perennial herbs or small shrubs, usually erect, usually turning
black when dried; stipules subulate-linear, mucroniform, or obsolete,
often decurrent; leaves opposite or verticillate, commonly sessile
and small; flowers small, cymose, 4-parted; sepals free or nearly so
and often distant; corolla funnelform, the lobes valvate; stamens
inserted in the throat of the corolla; fruit didymous, indehiscent,
2-celled, with 1 seed in each cell, the cells laterally compressed.
Declieuxia peruviana Wernham, Journ. Bot. 52: 225. 1914.
Suffrutescent, virgately branched, the slender branchlets nearly
glabrous; leaves linear, subcoriaceous, about 13 mm. long and 2 mm.
wide, obtuse, sessile, glabrous, the margin revolute; stipules tri-
angular, 2 mm. long, acute; inflorescence subcapitate, 1.5-2 cm.
broad, the small flowers scarcely 5 mm. long, glabrous.
Amazonas: Type from Chachapoyas, Mathews. Known to the
writer only from description.
158 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
71. RUDGEA Salisb.
Shrubs or small trees; stipules interpetiolar, bearing on the
margins or at the apex or on the dorsal surface subulate or aculeoli-
form teeth, these commonly pale and somewhat cartilaginous, usually
deciduous, the stipules sometimes laciniate; leaves opposite, short-
petiolate or sessile, commonly more or less coriaceous; inflorescence
terminal, paniculate, cymose, umbellate, or capitate, sometimes
reduced to a single flower; calyx segments almost free or variously
connate; corolla salverform or funnelform, the lobes valvate in bud;
stamens inserted in the corolla tube; fruit baccate, containing 2
one-seeded nutlets.
Calyx enlarged and more or less corolla-like, 1.5-2 cm. long.
R. sororia.
Calyx small and inconspicuous, usually less than 5 mm. long.
Flowers capitate or subcapitate, the heads sessile or stalked.
Heads long-pedunculate R. retifolia.
Heads sessile or nearly so.
Inflorescence not involucrate, not subtended by large stipules.
R. sessiliflora.
Inflorescence subtended by large stipules or by foliaceous
bracts.
Heads subtended by large, leafy bracts . . . .R. justicioides.
Heads subtended by large, pectinate-laciniate stipules.
R. cryptantha.
Flowers not capitate, cymose, umbellate, or paniculate.
Stipules large, usually striate, deeply laciniate on the margins.
Leaves large, distinctly petiolate.
Inflorescence thyrsiform; lateral nerves of the leaves almost
perpendicular to the costa .R. Woronowii.
Inflorescence cymose-corymbose; nerves oblique.
Leaves conspicuously pilose beneath R. Mexiae.
Leaves glabrous.
Corolla tube very thick and stout R. obesiflora.
Corolla tube slender.
Stipules 8-11 mm. long R. psychotriaefolia.
Stipules 4-6 mm. long R. amazonica.
Stipules inconspicuous, comparatively small, neither striate nor
with deeply laciniate margins.
FLORA OF PERU 159
Young branchlets densely pilosulous or hispidulous.
Leaf blades attenuate to the base R. angustissima.
Leaf blades obtuse or rounded at the base.
Corolla 5 mm. long or less; leaves sessile or subsessile.
R. hispidula.
Corolla 2.5 cm. long or larger; leaves conspicuously
petiolate R. insolita.
Young branchlets glabrous or finely puberulent.
Calyx 1 cm. wide, with deep, rounded lobes . . R. ceriantha.
Calyx less than 5 mm. wide, not with large, rounded lobes.
Calyx truncate or with scarcely perceptible, truncate or
rounded lobes, about 4 mm. wide R. loretensis.
Calyx evidently dentate, usually much less than 4 mm.
wide.
Leaves sessile or essentially so R. Poeppigii.
Leaves conspicuously petiolate.
Leaves large, chiefly 7.5-10 cm. wide.
Leaves excavate beneath in the axils of the nerves.
R. foveolata.
Leaves not excavate beneath.
Inflorescence umbelliform, radiately branched.
R. Sprucei.
Inflorescence racemiform, with chiefly opposite
branches R. racemosa.
Leaves relatively small, commonly 3-7 cm. wide.
Leaf blades obtuse, subcoriaceous R. nitida.
Leaf blades acuminate or cuspidate.
Leaf blades rounded at the apex and abruptly
contracted into an elongate, linear acumina-
tion R. acuminata.
Leaf blades gradually acuminate, or abruptly
contracted into a triangular acumi nation.
Corolla and branches of the inflorescence
pubescent.
Nerves of the leaves about 13 pairs.
R. microcarpa.
Nerves of the leaves about 9 pairs.
R. stenophylla.
160 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Corolla and branches of the inflorescence
glabrous.
Corolla about 8 cm. long R. Klugii.
Corolla much shorter.
Corolla 11-13 mm. long.
Leaves gradually long-acuminate.
R. tambillensis.
Leaves rounded at the apex and
abruptly short-acuminate.
R. verticillata.
Corolla 7-8 mm. long.
Leaves firm-membranaceous; inflores-
cence short, about as broad as
long; bracts small but conspicuous.
R. ciliata.
Leaves coriaceous; inflorescence thyr-
soid, narrow; bracts minute and
obscure R. canephorantha.
The key presented above is, in large part, an altogether unsatis-
factory one, but it is the best that can be made with the available
material, which represents all the species listed. All or most of the
species are, I believe, valid ones, but some are known only in fruit
and others only in flower, consequently it is impossible to compare
their corresponding characters.
Rudgea acuminata (R. & P.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 327.
1931. Coffea acuminata R. & P. Fl. 2: 64. pi. 214, /. b. 1799.
A glabrous shrub 3.5 meters high; stipules ovate, acute, caducous;
leaves slender-petiolate, the blades oval-oblong, about 10 cm. long
and 4 cm. wide or larger, rounded and caudate at the apex, with a
long, linear acumination, acute at the base, barbate .beneath in the
axils of the nerves; flowers in small, pedunculate, corymbiform
panicles, subsessile; calyx dentate; corolla white; fruit oval, red, as
large as a cherry. Neg. 801.
Huanuco: Type from forests of Chinchao, Ruiz & Pavdn (photo,
seen of an authentic specimen, ex hb. Berol.).
The Berlin specimen of which I have seen a photograph is in
rather poor condition, with fruit only. It is not at all certain from
examination that the plant is a Rudgea. At Berlin it has been
placed in Faramea, but the fruit appears to be decidedly longer
FLORA OF PERU 161
than broad and, if that is the case, it is not a Faramea. Neither does it
resemble a Coussarea.
Rudgea amazonica Muell. Arg. Flora 59: 449, 460. 1876; in
Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 5: 170. pi. 22, f. 2. 1881.
A nearly or quite glabrous shrub about 3.5 meters high, with
rather stout branches; stipules oblong-ovate, incised-lanciniate,
deciduous; leaves short-petiolate, subcoriaceous, ovate or elliptic-
oblong, 10-17 cm. long, acute or acuminate, acute at the base, the
nerves 6-8 pairs; panicles open, few- or many-flowered, pedunculate,
the flowers sessile or nearly so; corolla 7-8 mm. long; fruit ellipsoid,
usually by abortion 1-seeded, 7-9 mm. long. Neg. 653.
Loreto: La Victoria on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 2813.
Rio Masana near Iquitos, Williams 23. Also in Amazonian Brazil
and in Bolivia.
Rudgea angustissima Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 259. 1936.
A slender shrub 3-3.5 meters high, the branchlets pilose with
minute, spreading hairs; stipules 5-6 mm. long, deeply laciniate, the
few lobes subulate; leaves short-petiolate, firm-membranaceous, the
blades linear-oblong or narrowly linear-lanceolate, 9-11 cm. long,
15-18 mm. wide, long-attenuate, glabrous above, beneath sparsely
and minutely puberulent or glabrate, more densely puberulent on the
costa; inflorescence pedunculate, small and few-flowered, about 1 cm.
long and broad, the bracts obscure, the flowers aggregate, sessile;
hypanthium almost 1 mm. long, glabrate, the calyx minute, remotely
repand-denticulate; corolla in immature buds glabrous.
Junin: Puerto Bermudez, 375 meters, in dense forest, Killip &
Smith 26459, type.
Rudgea canephorantha (Wernham) Standl. Field Mus. Bot.
11: 268. 1936. Psychotria canephorantha Wernham, Journ. Bot.
55: 338. 1917.
A shrub about 3 meters high, glabrous throughout; stipules short
and in age indurate, at first bearing outside below the apex a row of
short, thickened setae, these often deciduous; leaves short-petiolate,
coriaceous, yellowish green, elliptic to oblong, mostly 9-13 cm.
long, acute, obtuse or acute at the base, often lustrous; flowers
sessile in small cymes, the cymes racemose and forming an often
elongate, thyrsoid panicle, the bracts minute and obscure; calyx
teeth broadly ovate, acute, short; corolla white, glabrous, 6-7 mm.
long; fruit globose-oval, 6 mm. long.
162 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
San Martin: Near Tarapoto, Spruce ^120, type collection; Vie
6554; Williams 5389, 5820, 6159, 6110, 6511. Juan Guerra, Williams
6872. Juan Jui, 400 meters, in forest, King 3764.
Rudgea ceriantha Schum. Verb. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 47: 190.
1905.
A shrub or tree 2-8 meters high with puberulent branches; stipules
12-20 mm. long, bifid, the lobes lanceolate, acuminate; leaves short-
petiolate, the blades elliptic-oblong or oblong-obovate, 10-25 cm.
long, 4-12 cm. wide, short-acuminate, acute or somewhat attenuate
at the base, puberulent beneath; panicles corymbiform, sessile, the
bracts ovate, the 5-parted flowers short-pedicellate; calyx lobes
large, suborbicular, obtuse, ciliolate; corolla 32 mm. long, with
short lobes. Neg. 657.
Loreto: Cerro de Escalera, 1,200 meters, Ule 6677, type (photo,
seen, ex hb. Berol.).
Examination of a photograph of the type arouses much doubt in
the writer's mind as to whether the plant is really a Rudgea. It is
more likely to prove to be a Psychotria.
Rudgea ciliata (R. & P.) Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 755. 1825.
Coffea ciliata R. & P. Fl. 2: 65. pi. 216, f. a. 1799.
A glabrous shrub 3-4 meters high; stipules truncate and at first
subulate-ciliate; leaves short-petiolate, thin or subcoriaceous, the
blades oblong to oval or obovate, 7-16 cm. long, abruptly acute
or acuminate, acute at the base, paler beneath; inflorescence small,
paniculate, corymbiform, with opposite or verticillate branches,
the flowers sessile or short-pedicellate; calyx teeth minute, subulate;
corolla white, 7 mm. long, the oblong lobes recurved, almost equaling
the tube; stamens exserted; fruit globose, red, 5-6 mm. long. Neg.
658.
Huanuco: Described from Carpis and Pati, between Chinchao and
Acomayo, Ruiz & Pavdn (photo, of authentic specimen seen, ex hb.
Berol.). San Martin: San Roque, in forest, Williams 7072, 7657.
Also in Bolivia.
Called "sauco del monte" in Bolivia.
Rudgea cryptantha Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 260. 1936.
A glabrous shrub 2 meters high with slender branches; stipules
conspicuous, 1-1.5 cm. long, elliptic, laciniate-dentate, persistent;
leaves short-petiolate, membranaceous, the blades narrowly lanceo-
late or oblong-lanceolate, 9-13 cm. long, 1.5-4 cm. wide, narrowly
FLORA OF PERU 163
attenuate-acuminate, acute at the base; flowers few, white, in
terminal, sessile clusters subtended by large, persistent stipules;
corolla lobes scarcely half as long as the tube; stamens included.
Loreto: San Antonio, Alto Rio Itaya, Williams 8521, type.
Lower Rio Nanay, in forest, Williams, 707. Above Pongo de
Manseriche, Mexia 6374.
Rudgea foveolata (R. & P.) Zahlbr. Ann. Naturh. Hofmus.
Wien 7: 2. 1892. C off ea foveolata R. & P. Fl. 2: 65. pi. 216, f. b. 1799.
A glabrous shrub 3.5 meters high, with rather stout branches;
stipules semicircular, glanduliferous dorsally, short; leaves slender-
petiolate, the blades elliptic or broadly elliptic, about 16 cm. long
and 8.5 cm. wide, abruptly acuminate, obtuse or acutish at the base,
excavate beneath in the axils of the nerves; panicles short-peduncu-
late, 6 cm. long, laxly many-flowered, the flowers sessile; calyx 5-
dentate, the teeth acute; corolla white, purplish outside, 6-8 mm.
long, with short lobes, the throat villous; stamens exserted; fruit
small, globose, red. Neg. 661.
Huanuco: Described from Mesapata and Pueblo Nuevo, Ruiz &
Pavdn (photo, seen of authentic specimen, ex hb. Berol.).
Rudgea hispidula Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 226. 1930.
A slender shrub 1.5 meters high or less, the branchlets densely
hispidulous; stipules persistent, 1-4 mm. long, rounded and mucro-
nate, bearing at first a dorsal cluster of pale setae; leaves subsessile,
firm-membranaceous, the blades lance-oblong to elliptic, 6-11 cm.
long, 2-5.5 cm. wide, obtusely acuminate, often emarginate or sub-
cordate at the base, glabrous; inflorescences small, pedunculate,
corymbiform, few-flowered, the branches sparsely pilose, the flowers
sessile; calyx sub truncate; corolla white, sparsely and minutely
puberulent, rounded at the apex in bud; fruit subglobose, about
5 mm. in diameter, white.
Loreto: Santa Rosa, lower Rio Huallaga, 135 meters, in forest,
Killip & Smith 28981, type; in or at edge of forest, Williams 4753,
4863, 4870. Yurimaguas, 135 meters, in forest, Killip & Smith
27644, 27632; Williams 4663. Puerto Arturo, Williams 5050.
Rudgea insolita Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 153. 1930.
Branchlets densely pilosulous; stipules ovate-triangular, aculeo-
late-ciliate at the apex; leaves petiolate, the blades subcoriaceous,
oval or broadly elliptic, 11-16 cm. long, 6-9 cm. wide, acute, rounded
at the base, pilosulous on both sides along the costa; inflorescence
164 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
pedunculate, cymose-corymbose, densely many-flowered, trichoto-
mous, the branches densely pilosulous, the flowers congested and
sessile; calyx lobes oblong, recurved, 3-5 mm. long, obtuse; corolla
densely hispidulous, the slender tube 23 mm. long or more, the oblong
lobes 7-9 mm. long, obtuse, cucullate at the apex.
Huanuco: Cochero, in forest, Poeppig 1091. Without locality:
Peruvia subandina, Poeppig (hb. Berol.). Also in the mountains of
Colombia.
Rudgea justicioides Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 229. 1930.
A slender glabrous shrub 1.5-2 meters high; stipules 3.5-5 mm.
long, bifid, subulate-ciliate on the basal part, persistent; leaves sessile
or subsessile, firm-membranaceous, elliptic or oblong-elliptic to
lance-oblong, 6.5-12.5 cm. long, 2.5-5.5 cm. wide, abruptly acumi-
nate or acute, acute at the base or narrowed and obtuse; inflores-
cences terminal, capitate, short-pedunulate or subsessile, densely
few-flowered, subtended by several broad, purple bracts 1.5-2 cm.
long; calyx tubular, denticulate; corolla white; fruit deep blue, oval,
7-9 mm. long.
Loreto: Rio Masana, Williams 163, type. San Antonio, Williams
3433; Killip & Smith 29354, 29331. Also in Amazonian Brazil.
Rudgea Klugii Standl., sp. nov.
Arbor 5-metralis omnino glabra, ramulis crassiusculis subtereti-
bus, vetustioribus ochraceis, internodiis brevibus; stipulae deciduae,
supremae 3 mm. longae rotundato-ovatae obtusae apice sparse brevi-
ter aculeolato-ciliatae; folia mediocria breviter petiolata subcoriacea
in sicco fusca, petiolo crassiusculo 1-1.5 cm. longo; lamina elliptico-
oblonga 8-15 cm. longa 4-6.5 cm. lata abrupte acuminata vel apice
subrotundata et abrupte in acumen angustum contracta, basi acuta,
supra lucida nervis vix elevatis, subtus sublucida brunnescens, costa
crassiuscula elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere circa 9 promin-
ulis obliquis remote a margine arcuato-conjunctis, 'venulis incon-
spicuis; inflorescentia terminalis capitato-umbelliformis 3-5-flora
breviter pedunculata vel fere sessilis, pedicellis crassis vix ultra 2 mm.
longis; calyx circa 2 mm. longus profunde lobatus, laciniis ovatis
acutis vel acuminatis; corolla alba extus glabra, tubo gracillimo 6
cm. longo vel paullo ultra 1.5 mm. crasso, lobis 5 oblongo-linearibus
1.5 cm. longis; antherae longe exsertae.
San Martin: Pongo de Cainarachi, Rio Cainarachi, a tributary
of the Rio Huallaga, 230 meters, in forest, Klug 2664 (herb. Field
Mus. No. 675,993, type).
FLORA OF PERU 165
Noteworthy for its very large corollas and its few-flowered
inflorescences.
Rudgea loretensis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 230. 1930.
A glabrous shrub 1-3 meters high (reported in Brazil as 6 meters
high) with rather stout branches; stipules persistent, broadly ovate
or rounded, 6-10 mm. long, obtuse, dorsally aculeolate-ciliate; leaves
short-petiolate, thick-membranaceous, the blades broadly elliptic
to lance-oblong, 11-20 cm. long, 4-11.5 cm. wide, long-acuminate,
acute at the base, excavate beneath in the axils of the nerves;
inflorescence cymose-paniculate, laxly few-flowered, 3-4.5 cm. long
and broad, trichotomous at the base, the flowers sessile; corolla
white, minutely pulverulent or glabrate, the tube 12 mm. long, the
oblong, recurved lobes 7 mm. long.
Loreto: Caballo-cocha on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 2484
(type), 2288, 2505. La Victoria, in forest, Williams 2877, 2618,
2841. Balsapuerto, 150-350 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith
28567; King 3057. Iquitos, 100 meters, Killip & Smith 27450.
Fortaleza, Yurimaguas, edge of forest, Williams 4395. Also in
Amazonian Brazil.
Rudgea Mexiae Standl., sp. nov.
Arbuscula 5-metralis, ramulis crassis primum pilosis cito glab-
ratis, internodiis brevibus; stipulae magnae 2 cm. longae et ultra
dense pilosae fere ad basin in lacinias numerosas filiformes graciles
fissae; folia magna papyracea breviter petiolata, petiolo crasso
3-4.5 cm. longo dense piloso; lamina elliptico-oblonga vel obovato-
oblonga 25-32 cm. longa 9-12 cm. lata abrupte breviter acuminata,
basi acuta vel acuminata, supra in sicco fusca glabra, nervis non
elevatis, subtus multo pallidior ubique subdense breviter pilosa, ad
costam densius longiusque pilosa, costa crassa elevata, nervis later-
alibus utroque latere circa 14, aliis fere aequivalidis interjectis,
angulo lato adscendentibus valde arcuatis prominentibus marginem
attingentibus, venulis inconspicuis paucis; inflorescentia terminalis
12 cm. longe pedunculata capitato-corymbosa 5.5 cm. longa, bracteis
magnis lanceolatis basi latis, ramis crassis sparse pilosis, floribus
numerosissimis dense capitatis sessilibus, capitulis paucis vulgo
ternatis crasse pedunculatis 1-1.5 cm. diam. bracteis erectis lanceo-
latis vel ovatis striatis attenuatis vel acuminatis pilosis fulcratis;
corolla 12 mm. longa extus dense pilosa alba, lobis suberectis brevi-
bus acutis.
166 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Loreto: Above Pongo de Manseriche, at right of the mouth
of Rio Santiago, 210 meters, in dense forest, infrequent, Ynes
Mexia 6366 (herb. Field Mus. No. 718,409, type).
Rudgea microcarpa (R. & P.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 382.
1931. Coffea microcarpa R. & P. Fl. 2: 66. pi. 218, f. b. 1799.
A glabrous shrub or small tree 5 meters high; stipules connate,
truncate and bidentate, with subulate teeth; leaves short-petiolate,
the blades large, lance-oblong to elliptic-lanceolate, long-acumi-
nate, acute or attenuate at the base; inflorescence pedunculate,
paniculate, corymbiform, laxly many-flowered, the flowers sessile,
ternate, the branches minutely pubescent; calyx minute, 5-dentate;
corolla whitish, finely pubescent; anthers scarcely exserted; fruit
reddish, globose, the size of a peppercorn. Neg. 679.
Huanuco: Type from forests of Pillao near Patasaria, Ruiz &
Pavon (photo, and fragm. seen of authentic specimens, ex hb. Berol.).
In Field Mus. Bot. 8: 382 the writer referred to this species
several collections from Peru, but closer study of the type material
shows that this disposition was incorrect. No recent specimens
have been seen that agree exactly with the type of R. microcarpa.
Rudgea nitida (R. & P.) Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 755. 1825.
Coffea nitida R. & P. Fl. 2: 65. pi. 217, f. a. 1799.
A glabrous shrub or small tree; stipules semicircular, bearing
dorsally a cluster of pale, subulate setae; leaves short-petiolate,
subcoriaceous, oblong or elliptic-oblong, 8-12 cm. long, 2.5-5 cm.
wide, obtuse or rounded and shortly produced, acute or obtuse at the
base, shining above, paler beneath; inflorescence small, dense,
paniculate, pedunculate, few- or many-flowered, the flowers chiefly
sessile; calyx minute, 5-dentate; corolla white, 6-9 mm. long, pilose
in the throat; fruit globose, red, 6-7 mm. broad. Neg. 681.
Huanuco: Described from Mufia and Chicoplaya, Ruiz & Pavon
(photo, and fragm. of authentic specimen seen, ex hb. Berol.).
Chanchamayo Valley, 1,200 meters, Schunke 291 . Above San Ramon,
1,300-1,700 meters, Schunke A25.
Rudgea obesiflora Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 265. 1936.
A small tree 5 meters high, the trunk 6.5 cm. in diameter, glabrous
throughout; stipules pale, 12-15 mm. long, broadly oblong or oblong-
cuneate, shortly many-laciniate at the apex; leaves short-petiolate,
elliptic-oblong or lance-oblong, 9-12 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, nar-
rowly long-acuminate, acute or acuminate at the base, with about
FLORA OF PERU 167
8 pairs of lateral nerves; inflorescence terminal, long-pedunculate,
trichotomous, the branches 1 cm. long, 3-flowered at the apex, the
flowers sessile; calyx subrotate, 4 mm. long, 7-8 mm. wide, truncate;
corolla white, in bud obtuse and 5-corniculate at the apex, the tube
10-12 mm. long and 8 mm. thick at the apex, the lobes broadly
triangular, obtuse, 5-6 mm. long.
Loreto: Upper Maranon, mouth of Rio Santiago, upland forest,
160 meters, Tessmann 4070, type.
Easy of recognition because of the curious broad corollas.
Rudgea Poeppigii Schum. in herb., sp. nov.
Frutex vel arbuscula glabra usque ad 4.5 m. alta, ramulis
gracilibis vel crassiusculis; stipulae parvae latae persistentes aculeo-
lato-ciliatae; folia sessilia vel brevissime petiolata membranacea vel
papyracea oblongo-elliptica vel oblonga 8-14 cm. longa 2-6.5 cm.
lata acuminata, basi acuta et saepe obliqua vel sensim versus basin
anguste obtusam vel rotundatam angustata; inflorescentia vulgo
parva et pauciflora corymbiformis, floribus plerumque ternatis
sessilibus vel pedicellatis; calyx parvus truncatus et denticulatus;
corolla alba in alabastro linearis obtusa 9-11 mm. longa, lobis brevi-
bus; fructus albus ovoideus vel ellipsoideus 8-10 mm. longus.
Neg. 686.
Loreto: Yurimaguas, Poeppig 2467 (herb. Field Mus. No. 767,812,
type); Williams 4584; Killip & Smith 27989. Recreo, in forest,
Williams 4162. Between Yurimaguas and Balsapuerto, 140 meters,
Killip & Smith 28078. Puerto Arturo, 135 meters, Killip & Smith
27742. Soledad, Killip & Smith 29695. Puerto MelSndez, Tess-
mann 4578. Soledad, Tessmann 5311. San Martin: Tarapoto,
Spruce 3997. Without locality: Poeppig 2153.
Rudgea psychotriaefolia Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 228. 1930.
A glabrous shrub 3 meters high with stout branches; stipules
persistent, rigid, broadly ovate, 8-11 mm. long, deeply pectinate-
laciniate; leaves short-petiolate, firm-membranaceous, the blades
obovate or oblong-obovate, 9-20 cm. long, 4-8 cm. wide, abruptly
acuminate, cuneately narrowed to the base, sometimes pulverulent
beneath on the veins; inflorescence short-pedunculate, cymose-
paniculate, 2-3 cm. long and broad, the flowers sessile or subsessile,
congested; calyx remotely denticulate; corolla ochroleucous, sparsely
and minutely puberulent, the tube 8 mm. long, the lobes half as long.
168 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Loretor^ Yurimaguas, 135 meters, in dense forest, Killip & Smith
29016, type. Between Yurimaguas and Balsapuerto, 140 meters,
dense forest, Killip & Smith 28270.
Rudgea racemosa (R. & P.) Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 755. 1825.
Coffea racemosa R. & P. Fl. 2: 64. pi. 214, f. a. 1799.
A glabrous shrub or tree 5 meters high; stipules bifid, caducous,
their axils furnished with thick, gland-like setae; leaves petiolate,
the blades broadly elliptic, as much as 16 cm. long and 9 cm. wide,
abruptly acute or short-acuminate, acute or obtuse at the base;
panicles pedunculate, many-flowered, racemosely branched, the
flowers subsessile; calyx 5-dentate; corolla white; stamens exserted;
fruit oval, red, about 1 cm. long. Neg. 839.
Huanuco: Described from Pati and Macora, Ruiz & Pavon
(photo, seen, ex hb. Berol.).
The specimen of which I have seen a photograph is in fruit only,
and it is not possible to determine satisfactorily the generic position
of the plant. It is doubtful whether it really is a species of Rudgea.
In the Berlin herbarium it appears to have been referred to Faramea,
but the form of the fruit excludes it from that genus.
Rudgea retifolia Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 227. 1930. R.
cephalantha Standl. op. cit. 230.
A glabrous shrub or small tree 1-4.5 meters high with stiff
branches; stipules persistent, quadrate or rounded, 2-4 mm. long,
aculeolate-ciliolate; leaves sessile or nearly so, the blades more or
less coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate to ovate-oblong, 6-19 cm. long,
2-6.5 cm. wide, long-acuminate, acute to acuminate at the base;
flowers in small, dense, stiff-pedunculate heads about 1 cm. in diam-
eter, the peduncles 1-3 cm. long; calyx subtruncate or remotely
dentate; corolla white, glabrous or puberulent at the apex, the tube
3 mm. long, barbate in the throat; fruit globose or didymous-globose,
about 5 mm. long and 6 mm. broad, white.
Loreto: Timbuchi, Rio Nanay, in forest, Williams 994, type.
Caballo-cocha, in forest, Williams 2228, type of R. cephalantha.
Rio Nanay, in forest, Williams 756, 766, 729. Yurimaguas, 135
meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 28023. Pena Blanca, 110
meters, Killip & Smith 29646. Iquitos, Killip & Smith 27195.
Also in Colombia.
"Amanga," "sanango de bajo," "pichico runto." The type of
R. retifolia is a fruiting specimen and that of R. cephalantha one in
FLORA OF PERU 169
flower. Although when the two species were published, I thought
them distinct, I can see now no means of separating them.
Rudgea sessiliflora Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 228. 1930.
A glabrous shrub 2 meters high or less with slender branches;
stipules deciduous, 1-2.5 mm. long, bearing at the apex a few pale,
subulate setae; leaves short-petiolate, membranaceous, the blades
oblong-lanceolate or narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, 4.5-8.5 cm. long,
1.5-3 cm. wide, narrowly long-acuminate, narrowed to the base;
flower heads terminal, sessile, dense, few-flowered; calyx cupular,
obscurely denticulate; fruit white, subglobose, 1 cm. long.
Loreto: Soledad, Rio Itaya, dense forest, Killip & Smith 29698
(type), 29575; Tessmann 5303. Fundo Indiana, 110 meters, Mexia
6391 . San Antonio, Rio Itaya, dense forest, Killip & Smith 29524-
Junin: Puerto Bermudez, 375 meters, dense forest, Killip &
Smith 26666.
Rudgea sororia Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 267. 1936.
A glabrous shrub 2 meters high with rather stout branches;
stipules persistent, 1-1.5 cm. long, striate, laciniate; leaves almost
sessile, oblong or elliptic-oblong, 12-15 cm. long, long-acuminate,
acute or obtuse at the base; inflorescence corymbose, short-peduncu-
late, few-flowered, short-pedicellate; calyx green or purplish, cor-
olloid, 1.5-2 cm. long, deeply lobate, persistent; corolla white; fruit
globose, finely tuberculate.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, in forest, Klug
1310, type.
Rudgea Sprucei Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 333. 1929.
A glabrous shrub or tree 3-9 meters high with stout branches;
stipules 5-6 mm. long, broadly ovate, obtuse, aculeolate-ciliate;
leaves large, short-petiolate, subcoriaceous, the blades broadly
oblong to obovate or broadly elliptic, short-acuminate or rounded
at the apex and cuspidate, acute at the base; inflorescence short- or
long-pedunculate, cymose-capitate or umbelliform, small, dense,
few- or many-flowered, in fruit becoming more open, the flowers
sessile and congested; calyx minute, 5-dentate; corolla white, cori-
aceous, 17 mm. long, the lobes and tube subequal; anthers exserted;
fruit ovoid-globose, red, at maturity as much as 3.5 cm. long.
Loreto: Fortaleza, Yurimaguas, edge of forest, Williams 4394.
Pumayacu, 600-1,200 meters, in forest, Klug 3220. Yurimaguas,
in forest, Williams 4096; Killip & Smith 27564, 29084, 29089;
170 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Spruce 3893. San Martin: Forests of Mount Huairapurina, Spruce
3995, type. Tarapoto, Spruce 4056.
Rudgea stenophylla (Krause) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11:
268. 1936. Palicourea stenophylla Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 338. 1908.
A shrub or small tree 5 meters high, the branches sparsely puberu-
lent or glabrate; stipules triangular, acute, 4-5 mm. long, laciniate;
leaves short-petiolate, firm, the blades narrowly oblong or oblong-
lanceolate, 10-14 cm. long, 3-4 cm. wide, acuminate, sparsely pubes-
cent beneath on the veins; inflorescence paniculate, as much as 8
cm. long, open and rather few-flowered, the flowers sessile; calyx
obsoletely 5-dentate; corolla yellowish, pilose, 10 mm. long. Neg. 637.
San Martin: Dry forest near Moyobamba, 1,500 meters, Weber-
bauer 4548, type; photo, and fragm. seen, ex hb. Berol.
Rudgea tambillensis Zahlbr. Ann. Naturh. Hofmus. Wien
7: 2. 1892.
Glabrous, with slender branches; stipules semicircular, dorsally
aculeolate-ciliate; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate,
6-18 cm. long, 3-7.5 cm. wide, acuminate, acute or obtuse at the
base, thin; panicles corymbiform, pedunculate, open, many-flowered,
the flowers sessile or nearly so; calyx acutely dentate; corolla gla-
brous, the tube 5-7 mm. long, the lanceolate lobes of equal length;
stamens scarcely exserted; fruit oval, 1 cm. long. Neg. 692.
Cajamarca: Tambillo, Jelski 74, type (photo, seen, ex hb. Berol.);
Raimondi 4146.
Rudgea verticillata (R. & P.) Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 755. 1825.
Coffea verticillata R. & P. Fl. 2: 66. pi. 217, f. b. 1799.
A glabrous shrub 3.5 meters high; stipules ovate, ciliate, decid-
uous; leaves on rather slender petioles, the blades subcoriaceous,
oblong or obovate-oblong, up to 15 cm. long, rounded at the apex
and with a short, triangular acumination, narrowed to the base;
panicles pedunculate, many-flowered, lax, the flowers sessile; calyx
5-dentate; corolla white, 11-12 mm. long, the throat villous; stamens
exserted. Neg. 696.
Huanuco: Type collected at Playa between Muna and Posuso,
Ruiz & Pavdn. Playa Grande and Chicoplaya, Ruiz (photo, of
specimen in hb. Berol.). Without locality, Ruiz & Pavdn (hb.
Kew.).
FLORA OF PERU 171
Rudgea Woronowii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 155. 1930.
A glabrous shrub with stout branches; stipules persistent, 3-4
cm. long, deeply multilaciniate; leaves short-petiolate, the blades
oblong-obovate, 20-30 cm. long and 10-12 cm. wide, abruptly
short-acuminate or apiculate, narrowed to the acute base, with 20
or more pairs of nerves; inflorescence thyrsoid-paniculate, long-
pedunculate, 7-14 cm. long, many-flowered, the pedicels 1-2 mm.
long; fruit subglobose, 3-3.5 mm. long.
Loreto: Alto Rio Nanay, in forest, Williams 1081, 1077. Also
in Colombia and Venezuela.
72. PSYCHOTRIA L.
Shrubs or small trees, rarely small and only suffrutescent plants;
stipules persistent, and then commonly bilobate, or caducous, and
then usually entire; leaves opposite; inflorescence chiefly terminal,
but in a few species axillary, variable in form, but rather rarely
head-like and then seldom conspicuously involucrate, never with
a showy involucre of partially united bracts, the flowers generally
small, inconspicuous, and white or yellowish; calyx lobes short or
elongate, often obsolete, more or less united; corolla short or elon-
gate, with straight tube, often barbate in the throat, the lobes
valvate; stamens inserted in the corolla tube, included or exserted;
ovary mostly 2-celled but rarely 5-celled (subgenus Nonatelia);
fruit baccate, containing 2 or 5 nutlets.
The genus is the largest and most complicated group of American
Rubiaceae, but the species, although so numerous and often much
alike in general appearance, are separated by constant and prac-
tical characters, except in a few groups in which probably too many
species have been described. The species certainly are much easier
of recognition than those of the genus Palicourea. The key given
below, except for the two primary divisions, is not at all a natural
one, but in view of the fact that so many of the species are known
only in flower or else only in fruit, it has seemed preferable to attempt
to key the species by recognizable even if not systematically im-
portant characters.
Psychotria is only vaguely separable from Palicourea and Cephae-
lis (and not too distinct from Rudgea). It is doubtless more logical
to refer Cephaelis, Palicourea, and Psychotria all to Psychotria, as
was done by Mueller in the Flora Brasiliensis, but all three groups
are large ones, and it is decidedly convenient to maintain all of
them. Although a small proportion of the plants concerned are of
172 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
uncertain generic position, ninety per cent of them can be referred
at a glance definitely to a genus, at least by one who has some
general knowledge of the group.
Mueller, however, maintained as distinct the genus Mapouria,
here merged in Psychotria. The two genera are separable only on
fruit characters, and the fruit of many species still is unknown.
Even if it were known for all, I do not believe that Mapouria is
an important group or worthy of generic rank. Although one group
the species with deciduous stipules can be recognized by gross
aspect, many others those with persistent stipules evidently are
closely related to typical Psychotrias.
The section or subgenus Nonatelia, containing species with
5-celled fruit, does seem to be worthy of generic rank, but it con-
tains only half a dozen species, and would therefore have no prac-
tical value in facilitating determination, especially since it is not
easy in flowering specimens to determine the number of cells. A
larger number of Palicoureas also have 5-celled fruit, and would be
equally worthy of generic rank, but they are quite different in general
appearance from the Psychotrias having similar fruit.
Bremekamp, in his excellent account of the Rubiaceae in Pulle's
Flora of Surinam (1934) has proposed still further segregates from
Psychotria, recognizing, besides Cephaelis and Mapouria, Notopleura,
Ronabea, Gamotopea, Petagomoa, and Nonatelia, all of which are
represented in Peru. While such a division of the genus may be
found altogether satisfactory within a limited area, it can scarcely
accommodate all the South American species of Psychotria, at least
with the material now available for their study. Such a division,
if applied uniformly to the whole genus, would involve the segrega-
tion of still further genera, a treatment that ultimately may be found
most consistent.
Stipules caducous, entire or nearly so, brown or ferruginous. Plants
usually blackening when dried. Subgenus Mapouria in part.
Young branches conspicuously pilose, villous, or hirsute.
Leaves sessile, cordate at the base P. Marcgraviella.
Leaves petiolate, acute at the base.
Flowers slender-pedicellate; leaves almost glabrous.
P. tenuicaulis.
Flowers sessile or nearly so; leaves densely hirsute or pilose.
Flowers in small, long-stalked heads; leaves hirsute on the
upper surface P. villosa.
FLORA OF PERU 173
Flowers not in long-stalked heads, usually ternately clus-
tered, the clusters sessile or short-stalked; leaves
glabrous on the upper surface P. zepelaciana.
Young branches glabrous or merely puberulent.
Flowers glomerate, the glomerules spicate, the spikes paniculate.
Leaves narrow, long-attenuate to the base ... P. viridis.
Flowers glomerulate or scattered, the glomerules not spicate.
Flowers all or chiefly on short or elongate pedicels.
Panicles large, mostly 10-15 cm. long and fully as broad,
lax, open, the lower branches elongate, divaricate
or reflexed.
Stipules 2-2.5 cm. long P. educta.
Stipules much shorter.
Branches of the inflorescence densely pubescent.
P. acreana.
Branches of the inflorescence glabrous or nearly so.
Leaf blades broadly ovate or elliptic, 7-16 cm. wide,
abruptly contracted at the base . P. Weberbaueri.
Leaf blades narrowly lance-oblong or oblanceolate-
oblong, mostly 5 cm. wide or less, long-attenuate
to the base.
Stipules calyptriform, 2-3 cm. long . . P. abdita.
Stipules oblong, acute, 6 mm. long. P. pichisensis.
Panicles small, usually much less than 10 cm. long, open or
dense, the lower branches not markedly elongate,
often shorter than the upper ones, mostly ascending.
Calyx large, about 2.5 mm. wide; branches of the inflores-
cence pruinose-puberulent. Leaf blades obovate.
P. cupularis.
Calyx small, not more than 1.5 mm. wide; branches of
the inflorescence usually quite glabrous.
Corolla 4 mm. long; pedicels usually short, or elongat-
ing only in fruit P. alba.
Corolla 2-3 mm. long; pedicels usually elongate in
flower.
Panicles trichotomous, with elongate, capillary
branches; leaves with a very long, almost linear
acumination P. juninensis.
174 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Panicles usually verticillately branched, with rela-
tively stout branches; leaves acute or short-
acuminate P. marginata.
Flower all sessile or practically so.
Panicles pyramidal, the lower branches elongate, spike-
like, reflexed P. alboviridula.
Panicles not pyramidal, the lower branches not greatly
elongate, not normally reflexed.
Leaves short-pilose or puberulent beneath, at least along
the costa. Leaves small and oblong or oblanceolate-
oblong; stipules obtuse P. carthaginensis.
Leaves glabrous beneath or merely pulverulent.
Inflorescence corymbose, more or less flat-topped.
Leaves oblong or oblong-oblanceolate . P. anceps.
Inflorescence paniculate, not flat-topped.
Leaves conspicuously excavate beneath in the axils
of the nerves, with large and conspicuous
shelters for parasites P. hospitalis.
Leaves not excavate beneath.
Stipules acute P. striolata.
Stipules rounded at the apex.
Leaf blades elliptic or broadly elliptic.
P. Ernesti.
Leaf blades obovate or oblong-obovate.
P. Mathewsii.
Stipules persistent, usually green or greenish, various in form, often
deeply bilobate or connate into a truncate sheath which is
produced into short or elongate lobes.
Inflorescences all axillary. Plants low, often chiefly herbaceous or
merely suffrutescent.
Leaves rounded or very obtuse at the apex, bullate. Flowers in
small, slender-pedunculate heads P. bullatifolia.
Leaves acuminate, not bullate.
Inflorescence sessile, head-like P. emetica.
Inflorescence pedunculate, cymose or paniculate.
P. macrophylla.
FLORA OF PERU 175
Inflorescences all or chiefly terminal.
A. Inflorescence usually open and lax, never with large or
colored or green, conspicuous bracts, never consisting of
few or numerous large or small heads subtended by elongate
or broad bracts.
Branches densely pilose with short or long hairs; leaves densely
pubescent beneath, usually pilose or hirsute.
Stipules 5-6 mm. long, acute; inflorescence umbelliform.
P. candelabrum.
Stipules more than 1 cm. long, subulate or acuminate;
inflorescence not umbelliform.
Leaves conspicuously bullate, with impressed veins.
P. Aschersoniana.
Leaves not bullate.
Branches hirsute with long, straight, spreading hairs;
flower clusters rather conspicuously bracted.
P. pilosa.
Branches tomentose or short-pilose; flower clusters
with inconspicuous bracts.
Branches finely and densely tomentose; leaves
obtuse at the base; inflorescence pyramidal-
paniculate P. reticulata.
Branches short- villous or short-pilose; leaves acute
at the base; inflorescence usually trichotomous.
P. subtomentosa.
Branches glabrous or puberulent or inconspicuously and very
sparsely pubescent; leaves commonly glabrous or nearly
so, at most inconspicuously pubescent.
Flowers in simple, usually sessile but sometimes pedunculate
heads P. nudiceps.
Flowers not in simple heads.
Stipules annular and truncate or with short, obtuse lobes.
Plants epiphytic; leaves thick-coriaceous, somewhat
fleshy when fresh, small; stipules annular and
usually truncate. Plants wholly glabrous.
Leaf blades mostly 3-3.5 cm. wide, often rounded
or subtruncate at the base, with 6-8 pairs of
conspicuous lateral nerves P. epiphytica.
176 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Leaf blades 1-2.5 cm. wide, acute or obtuse at the
base, with about 4 pairs of obscure nerves.
P. semimetralis.
Plants terrestrial; leaves not fleshy; stipules bilobate.
Lower branches of the panicle without bracts at
their base.
Inflorescence ovoid-paniculate, open, the basal
branches spreading P compta.
Inflorescence cyme-like, dense, compact, the basal
branches strongly ascending. . P. rhodothamna.
Lower branches of the panicle bracted at the base.
Branches of the inflorescence refracted.
Leaf blades oblong or lance-oblong, mostly 3-5
cm. wide; panicles small, and thyrsiform.
P. falcata.
Leaf blades broadly elliptic to obovate or ellip-
tic-ovate, mostly 7-16 cm. wide; panicles
large and pyramidal.
Calyx minute, less than 1 mm. long.
P. yapasensis.
Calyx 2.5 mm. long P. latifolia.
Branches of the inflorescence not refracted,
spreading or ascending.
Leaf blades large, mostly 7-16 cm. wide; calyx
2-3 mm. long P. tinctoria.
Leaf blades small, less than 4 cm. wide; calyx
1 mm. long or less.
Young branchlets densely pubescent.
P. retifera.
Young branchlets glabrous.
Leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong, 2-3.5 cm.
wide P. virgata.
Leaves broadly elliptic, 3.5-5 cm. wide.
P. costato-venosa.
Stipules with acute to subulate or linear lobes.
Inflorescence spike-like, elongate, the flowers or flower
clusters sessile or nearly so P. stenostachya.
Inflorescence not spike-like.
FLORA OF PERU 177
Inflorescence a narrow, racemiform or thyrsiform
panicle, normally twice as long as broad or
longer, usually of almost equal width through-
out. Branches of the panicle often refracted.
Leaf blades rounded at the base, oblong, large,
about 25 cm. long. Branches of the panicle
densely pubescent P. limitanea.
Leaf blades acute or acutish at the base, usually
much shorter.
Inflorescence raceme-like, consisting of few
simple, small heads subtended by small
but evident, greenish bracts.
P. racemifera.
Inflorescence not raceme-like or, if so, the flowers
disposed in cymules.
Foliage discoloring in drying, becoming black-
ish or dark reddish P. Tessmannii.
Foliage normally bright green or yellowish
green when dried.
Panicles copiously hirtellous or short-
pilose P. huantensis.
Panicles glabrous or obscurely and minutely
puberulent.
Leaves coriaceous, with conspicuous,
pale, cartilaginous borders, 3-8 cm.
wide, often much elongate.
P. loretensis.
Leaves firm-membranaceous, without
conspicuous borders, mostly 2.5-4
cm. wide P. patens.
Inflorescence various, but not a narrow, elongate,
open panicle.
Fruit 5-celled. Panicles small and shorter than the
leaves; leaves green when dried . . P. racemosa.
Fruit 2-celled.
Inflorescence openly paniculate, the flowers
mostly in cymules, never in distinct heads.
Bracts none at the base of the lower panicle
branches; leaves with very long and
narrow acuminations P. cuspidata.
178 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Bracts present at the base of all the panicle
branches; leaves never with very long
and narrow acuminations.
Leaves almost sessile, the petioles only 1-2
mm. long P. huallagae.
Leaves on elongate petioles.
Calyx obsolete and scarcely perceptible
in fruit; panicles glabrous or prac-
tically so, small and rounded.
P. microbotrys.
Calyx almost 1 mm. long, conspicuous
upon the fruit; panicles copiously
pubescent or puberulent, large, lax,
often pyramidal.
Bracts of the panicle linear, green,
conspicuous P. luxurians.
Bracts of the panicle minute and
inconspicuous P. opima.
Inflorescence condensed or head-like or, if
paniculate, the flowers collected in small,
dense heads.
Inflorescence fastigiately branched, very
dense and compact, many-flowered.
Leaves blackening when dried; inflores-
cence densely pubescent . . P. nigricans.
Leaves green or yellowish green when dried ;
inflorescence glabrous or practically so.
P. cuspidulata.
Inflorescence not fastigiately branched, com-
posed of few or numerous heads or of a
small, head-like cyme.
Leaves densely pilose beneath along the
costa P. trifida.
Leaves glabrous beneath.
Flower heads arranged in a simple umbel ;
leaves all or chiefly broadest above
the middle P. Albert-Smithii.
Flower heads arranged in compound
umbels or in small panicles.
P. pluriceps.
FLORA OF PERU 179
A. Inflorescence composed of one or numerous dense heads
subtended by conspicuous and relatively large bracts, the
heads large or small ; or the inflorescence sometimes rather
open, but then furnished with large or at least conspicuous,
red, purple, white, or pale green bracts.
Lobes of the stipules broad and usually short, rounded to
acutish at the apex.
Flower heads arranged in a simple umbel P. Klugii.
Flower heads arranged in racemes.
Leaves glabrous beneath P. egensis.
Leaves pilose beneath, at least on the costa.
Flower heads 1.5-2 cm. broad P. Victoriae.
Flower heads commonly 1 cm. or less in diameter,
excluding the corollas.
Stipules 1-2.5 cm. long P. pongoana
Stipules less than 1 cm. long.
Panicle several times branched, diffuse, the
branches densely pilose; bracts of the flower
heads only 2-3 mm. long, spreading.
P. nautensis.
Panicle only once or twice branched, usually
narrow, the branches only sparsely pilose or
glabrate; bracts of the flower heads mostly
4-6 mm. long, erect P. brachiata.
Lobes of the stipules narrow and acute or acuminate, usually
linear or subulate.
Primary (lowest) branches of the inflorescence without
bracts at their base, the bracts, if any, inserted some
distance above the base of the branch.
Leaves, at least the uppermost, sessile or essentially so,
obtuse or rounded at the base P. Williamsii.
Leaves conspicuously petiolate or, if subsessile, acute or
acuminate at the base.
Inflorescence normally longer than broad, at least with
an evident elongate rachis, the flower clusters
pinnately disposed.
Leaf blades abruptly contracted and decurrent at
the base ... .P. involucrata.
180 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Leaf blades merely acute or obtuse at the base.
P. moyobambana.
Inflorescence commonly broader than long, with no
elongate rachis, the flower clusters flabellately or
umbellately disposed.
Corolla densely pilose with rather long, spreading
hairs. Leaves sessile or practically so.
P. tarapotensis.
Corolla glabrous, or pilose only at the apex of the
lobes.
Inflorescence when dried green, without any tinge
of red, about 1 cm. wide; leaves pale beneath,
and with whitish veins P. Herzogii.
Inflorescence when dried more or less reddish, at
least about the base of the bracts, often deep
red or purple, commonly 1.5-5 cm. wide;
leaves more or less tinged with red beneath,
at least on the veins.
Larger bracts of the inflorescence commonly
2-2.5 cm. long, usually deep red or purple.
P. rhodophylla.
Larger bracts mostly less than 1.5 cm. long.
Bracts obovate, rounded or very obtuse at the
apex; peduncles commonly shorter than
the inflorescence P. Buchtienii.
Bracts lanceolate to ovate, acute or acumi-
nate; peduncles nearly always longer than
the inflorescence P. lupulina.
Primary branches of the inflorescence with bracts inserted
at their base.
Branches pilose or hirsute with long, spreading hairs.
P. pilosa.
Branches glabrous or nearly so.
Bracts rounded-ovate or rounded-obovate, rounded at
the apex. Inflorescence a small, dense, unbranched
head P. Ruizii.
Bracts linear to lance-ovate, acute or acuminate.
Inflorescence evidently branched or lobate, the
branches suberect or strongly ascending.
FLORA OF PERU 181
Bracts green when dried, mostly linear, small.
P. capitata.
Bracts red or purplish, lanceolate or ovate-lance-
olate, large P. calochlamys.
Inflorescence capitate or, if branched, with widely
divaricate or reflexed branches.
Leaves finely pubescent beneath ... P. japurensis.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so.
Lowest bracts short and inconspicuous, shorter
than the flowers or lower branches. Inflo-
rescence pinnately branched, with an evi-
dent elongate main axis .... P. iquitosensis.
Lowest bracts linear, much elongate, exceeding
the flowers and the lowest branches (if
any) of the inflorescence.
Heads small and few-flowered, the bracts 1 cm.
long or less; leaves small, 2-3.5 cm. wide.
P. Hoffmanseggiana.
Heads larger, many-flowered, the outer bracts
mostly 2 cm. long or more; leaves mostly
3.5-6 cm. wide or larger.
P. santaremica.
Psychotria abdita Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 340. 1929.
A tree 6 meters high with glabrous branchlets; stipules connate,
ferruginous, glabrous, forming a cap over the buds; leaves petiolate,
thick-membranaceous, elliptic-oblong to oblanceolate-oblong, 13-24
cm. long, 2.5-9 cm. wide, long-acuminate, attenuate to the base,
glabrous, with 12-16 pairs of nerves; inflorescence sessile, paniculate,
5 cm. long and 6-8 cm. wide, the branches divaricate or ascending,
very minutely puberulent; pedicels 2 mm. long or less; calyx trun-
cate; corolla white, glabrous, in bud 1.5 mm. long.
San Martin : Forests at the foot of Cerro Campana near Tarapoto,
Spruce 4351, type. Loreto: Pumayacu, 600-1,200 meters, in forest,
Klug 3226; a shrub of 2.5 meters with white and yellow flowers.
The inflorescence when young is enveloped in a large, brown,
cap-like bract having a long, slender beak.
Psychotria acreana Krause, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 207.
1914.
182 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
A shrub or tree 3-12 meters high, the branchlets tomentulose or
glabrate; stipules 6-7 mm. long, ovate, short-acuminate, sparsely
pilose outside; leaves petiolate, the blades herbaceous, obovate-
oblong or obovate-spatulate, 24-27 cm. long, 12 cm. wide or less,
glabrous above, short-pilose beneath especially along the costa,
short-acuminate, rather abruptly narrowed and attenuate to the
petiole, the lowest nerves ascending at a very acute angle; panicle
pedunculate, lax, 20 cm. long and broad, the lowest branches divar-
icate or subrecurved; calyx dentate; corolla bright yellow, 3 mm.
long, the lobes slightly shorter than the tube. Neg. 469.
Type from Monte Mo on the upper Rio Acre in Brazil, Vie
9852 (photo, and fragm. seen, ex hb. Berol.). The locality is near the
Peruvian border, and the species, therefore, is to be expected con-
fidently in Peru.
Psychotria alba R. & P. Fl. 2: 58. pi. 205, f. a. 1799. Mapouria
alba Muell. Arg. Flora 59: 458. 1876. Uragoga alba Kuntze, Rev.
Gen. 1:299. 1891.
A shrub or small tree, 2-6 meters high, the branchlets glabrous
or nearly so; stipules large, brown, obtuse, caducous; leaves short-
petiolate, the blades mostly 7-16 cm. long, elliptic-oblong to obovate,
acute or acuminate, acute or attenuate at the base, glabrous or
sometimes sparsely puberulent beneath, usually darkening when
dried; inflorescence usually pedunculate, ovoid or rounded, little if
at all longer than the leaves, with opposite or verticillate basal
branches, the bracts minute, deciduous; flowers short-pedicellate;
calyx minutely denticulate; corolla white, 4 mm. long, minutely
puberulent or glabrate; fruit subglobose, 4 mm. long, red or blackish.
Ayacucho: Carrapa, 1,000 meters, wooded hillside, Killip &
Smith 22497. Cajamarca: Tambillo, Jelski 371. Huanuco: De-
scribed from Posuso, Muna, and Chinchao (fragm. seen, ex hb.
Berol.). Cochero and Pampayacu, in forest, Poeppig 1342. Junin:
La Merced, 1,000 meters, Weberbauer 1841. Above San Ramon,
1,400-1,700 meters, forest, Killip & Smith 24685. Loreto: Balsa-
puerto, 220 meters, King 2929. Florida, 180 meters, King 2341.
Fortaleza, 140 meters, King 2815, 2768. Rio Masana, Williams 42.
Balsapuerto, dense forest, Killip & Smith 28411- Rio Ucayali,
Tessmann 3377, 3290. Mouth of Rio Santiago, Tessmann 4507.
San Martin: Juan Guerra, in forest, Williams 6848. San Roque,
in forest, Williams 7219, 6959, 7071. Tarapoto, Williams 6506, 6623.
FLORA OF PERU 183
Lamas, Williams 6353. Rumizapa, Williams 6811. Generally
distributed in South America, and perhaps even more widely.
"Ucumi micuna." This species and P. carthaginensis are closely
related and separable only by artificial characters. It seems probable
that ultimately it will be necessary to combine them.
Psychotria Albert-Smithii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 203.
1930.
A shrub or tree 2.5-7.5 meters high, glabrous except for the
inflorescence; stipule sheath 1-1.5 mm. long, the linear-subulate
lobes 1-2 mm. long; leaves short-petiolate, the blades papyraceous,
elliptic-oblong or obovate-oblong, 10-19 cm. long. 4-7 cm. wide,
abruptly acuminate, acute and more or less unequal at the base,
bright green when dried, with about 9 pairs of nerves; inflorescence
composed of a few umbellate heads, the branches glabrous or sparsely
and minutely puberulent, the flowers sessile; calyx acutely 5-dentate;
corolla 2 mm. long, glabrous, white or greenish tinged with pink,
barbate in the throat, the lobes more than twice as long as the tube;
fruit 8 mm. long, deep red.
Loreto: Soledad on the Rio Itaya, 110 meters, dense forest,
Killip & Smith 29766 (type), 29782, 29720. San Antonio, dense
forest, Killip & Smith 29462, 29411. Between Yurimaguas and
Balsapuerto, Killip & Smith 28828. Fortaleza, 140 meters, in forest,
King 2772.
Psychotria alboviridula Krause, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin
6:208. 1914.
A shrub or small tree 1.5-7.5 meters high with glabrous branch-
lets; stipules ovate-lanceolate, acute, 6-8 mm. long; leaves short-
petiolate or almost sessile, blackish or brownish when dried, the
blades elliptic-oblong to lance-oblong, commonly 15-30 cm. long,
usually very long-acuminate, acute to obtuse at the base, glabrous,
with 10-16 pairs of nerves; panicles chiefly large and many-flowered,
open, with few spreading or refracted branches, equaling or longer
than the leaves, long-pedunculate; calyx minutely acute-dentate;
corolla greenish white, the tube 3-3.5 mm. long, the lobes shorter;
fruit deep red or purple. Neg. 468.
Junin: Puerto Bermudez, 375 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith
26462. Loreto : La Victoria, in forest, Williams 2534, 2803. Caballo-
cocha, Williams 2316. Masana, Williams 8178. Fortaleza, Yuri-
maguas, edge of forest, Williams 4484- Parana Pura, Yurimaguas,
in forest, Williams 4604- Santa Rosa, 135 meters, Killip & Smith
184 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
28972. Nuevo Paris, Tessmann 3382. Puerto Arturo, Killip &
Smith 27878. Mishuyacu, 100 meters, Killip & Smith 29888.
Florida, 180 meters, Klug 2303. Iquitos, in forest, Killip & Smith
27050, 27046. Yurimaguas, 135 meters, Killip & Smith 27680.
Type from Seringal San Francisco, Rio Acre, presumably in Brazil,
Ule 9846 (photo, and fragm. seen, ex hb. Berol.). Amazonian
Brazil.
Psychotria anceps HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 360. 1820. P.
lucida HBK. op. cit. 361. pi. 283. 1820.
A glabrous shrub 2 meters high, or sometimes a small tree;
stipules large, ovate, acutish, brown; leaves short-petiolate, cori-
aceous, oblong to lance-oblong or elliptic-oblong, acute or short-
acuminate, attenuate at the base, lustrous, blackish when dried;
inflorescence corymbiform, pedunculate, trichotomous at the base,
the flowers sessile; calyx with triangular, acute or obtuse teeth;
corolla white or greenish, 4 mm. long, glabrous; fruit red, globose,
3 mm. long. Neg. 443.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, in forest, Klug
971. Colombia.
Psychotria Aschersoniana Schum. & Krause, Bot. Jahrb.
40: 330. 1908.
A shrub or small tree with densely yellowish-pilose branch-
lets; stipules biparted, the subulate lobes 10-15 mm. long; leaves
slender-petiolate, large, the blades oblong-lanceolate, very long-
acuminate, acute or attenuate at the base, conspicuously and closely
bullate, densely pubescent; inflorescence much shorter than the
leaves, paniculate, at first very dense but in fruit becoming more
open, the flowers short-pedicellate; calyx obsoletely denticulate;
corolla yellow or white, glabrous outside; fruit black, glabrous, 4
mm. long.
Cajamarca : Tambillo, Raimondi 6785. Ranging to the mountains
of Colombia.
Psychotria brachiata Sw. Prodr. 45. 1788. P. caerulea R. & P.
Fl. 2: 62. pi. 213, f. b. 1799. Palicourea caerulea R. & S. Syst. Veg.
5: 194. 1819. Cephaelis polycephala Schlecht. Linnaea 28: 532. 1856.
A shrub with glabrous branches; stipules short, green, persistent,
bilobate, the broad lobes obtuse or rounded ; leaves on rather slender
petioles, the blades oblong-obovate to oblong-elliptic, short-acumi-
nate, acute or attenuate at the base, glabrous or nearly so, often
FLORA OF PERU 185
pilose beneath along the costa; inflorescence long-pedunculate,
thyrsoid-paniculate or racemose, the opposite branches divaricate,
subtended at the base by long, narrow bracts, the flowers in small,
dense, many-bracted heads; corolla blue or white; fruit blue.
Huanuco: Type of P. caerulea from Vitoc, Ruiz & Pavdn. Prov.
Huamalies, Weberbauer 3593. Loreto: Above Pongo de Manseriche,
200 meters, Mexia 6328. Puno: Sangaban, Lechler 2364, type col-
lection of Cephaelis polycephala. San Martin : Tocache, Poeppig in
1830. Widely distributed in tropical America.
Psychotria Buchtieni (Winkl.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 303.
1931. Uragoga Buchtieni Winkl. Repert. Sp. Nov. 8: 5. 1910.
A stiff shrub 1-4 meters high, glabrous or nearly so except in
the inflorescence; stipules short, bilobate, the narrow lobes 1-2 mm.
long; leaves short-petiolate, ovate-oblong to oblong-elliptic, long-
acuminate, acute or acuminate at the base, sparsely short-pilose
beneath along the nerves; inflorescence pedunculate, small and
compact, rounded, densely short-pilose, radiately branched at the
base, the flowers glomerate and sessile, the bracts foliaceous, as long
as the flowers; calyx truncate and 5-denticulate; corolla white,
pilosulous, 4-5 mm. long, densely barbate in the throat; fruit 4 mm.
long. Neg. 717.
Loreto: Mishuyacu near Iquitos, 100 meters, in forest, Klug 686.
Also in Bolivia.
Psychotria bullatifolia Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 193. 1930.
Plants suffrutescent or herbaceous, simple, the stems 10-12 cm.
long or more, sparsely puberulent or glabrous; leaves few, petiolate,
the blades herbaceous, oblong or oval-oblong, 7-12 cm. long, 3.5-5.5
cm. wide, obtuse or rounded at the apex and short-apiculate, acute
to almost rounded at the base, strongly bullate, sparsely sordid-
pilosulous beneath, with about 13 pairs of nerves; inflorescences
axillary, slender-pedunculate, head-like, densely many-flowered,
almost 1 cm. broad; pedicels in fruit as much as 4 mm. long; fruit
oval, 6 mm. long, glabrous.
Loreto: Pebas, on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 1803 (type),
1 666, 1662.
Psychotria calochlamys Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 199. 1930.
A shrub 1-2 meters high, the branches glabrous or very minutely
puberulent; stipules green or reddish, bifid almost to the base, 1.5-
2.8 cm. long, the lobes long-attenuate; leaves short-petiolate, sub-
186 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
coriaceous or thinner, the blades lance-oblong to elliptic-oblong or
rarely ovate, 7.5-20 cm. long, 2.5-7 cm. wide, very long-acuminate,
acute at the base, glabrous or minutely puberulent beneath on the
costa, with about 15 pairs of nerves; inflorescence long-pedunculate,
consisting of a head-like cyme 2-6 cm. broad, or in fruit more open,
the bracts pink or purple, about equaling the flowers, very showy;
corolla pink, glabrous outside, 12 mm. long, the lobes 2-2.5 mm.
long; fruit deep purple, oval, 6-7 mm. long.
Loreto: Santa Ana on the upper Rio Nanay, Williams 1226,
type. Rio Nanay, Williams 752, 839. Timbuchi, in forest or inun-
dated places, Williams 1042, 1041. Rio Itaya near Iquitos, 110
meters, Killip & Smith 29387. Mouth of Rio Santiago, 160 meters,
Tessmann 3952. Soledad, 110 meters, Tessmann 5296. Mishuyacu,
King 730, 829, 688, 357. Iquitos, Williams 1502, 3679; Killip &
Smith 27194, 27000, 27002.
"Chirapa shacha," "shuturi." The shrub must be a handsome
one when growing because of the brightly colored inflorescences.
Tessmann reports that the bracts are sometimes white.
Psychotria candelabrum Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 207. 1930.
A shrub with velvety-pilosulous branchlets; stipule sheath 1-1.5
mm. long, the triangular, acute lobes 4-5 mm. long; leaves short-
petiolate, firm-membranaceous, the blades obovate-elliptic, 20-24
cm. long, 9-10 cm. wide, caudate-acuminate, cuneately narrowed to
the base, puberulent or minutely pilosulous on the veins; inflor-
escence cymose-umbellate, pedunculate, small and dense, 3.5 cm.
wide, the pale branches velvety-pilosulous, naked at the base, the
small, dense cymes almost head-like; bracts linear or subulate, 3-6
mm. long; calyx acutely dentate, pilosulous.
Loreto: La Victoria on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 2702,
type.
Psychotria capitata R. & P. Fl. 2: 59. pi. 206, f. a. 1799.
Cephaelis peruviana Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 749. 1825. P. inundata
Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 229. 1841. P. arcuata Benth. loc. cit.
A shrub 1-3 meters high, glabrous except in the inflorescence;
stipules green, biparted, with long, subulate lobes, those near the
ends of the branches lanceolate and longer; leaves short-petiolate,
lanceolate to oblong-elliptic or oval, acuminate, acute or obtuse
at the base, dull green when dried, with numerous pale nerves;
inflorescence pedunculate, paniculate, rather dense, shorter than
the leaves, small, the branches pubescent, opposite or verticillate;
FLORA OF PERU 187
bracts lanceolate or linear, green or whitish, about equaling the
flowers; calyx teeth unequal; corolla white or ochroleucous, glabrous,
8-9 mm. long, the lobes almost equaling the tube; fruit subglobose,
4 mm. long, coarsely costate, black. Neg. 510.
Huanuco: Type from Chinchao, Ruiz & Pav6n. Cochero,
Poeppig 2035. Junin: La Merced, 1,200 meters, sunny thickets,
5750. Above San Ram6n, 1,400-1,700 meters, Killip & Smith
24707. Chanchamayo Valley, 1,200-1,800 meters, Schunke 427,
263, 1378, 327. Loreto: La Victoria, in forest, Williams 2960.
San Antonio, 110 meters, Killip & Smith 29355. Mouth of Rio
Tigre, wooded bank, Killip & Smith 27520. Paraiso, Williams 3304.
Mishuyacu, King 973. Mainas, Poeppig. Alto Rio Itaya, Williams
3429. San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 6593, 5875, 6091, 6068,
6113; Vie 6555. Lamas, Williams 6345. Ranging from Bolivia
and Brazil to the Guianas, Trinidad, and Central America.
"Cucha caspi," "trompetero caspi." If I have interpreted
P. capitata correctly, as I think is the case, P. inundata is a clear
synonym. It appears likewise that P. chlorotica Muell. Arg., a name
under which some of the Peruvian material has been distributed,
should be reduced to synonymy under P. capitata. The characters
used by Mueller in separating P. chlorotica and P. inundata are
certainly of little or no importance.
Psychotria carthaginensis Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 16. 1760.
P. foveolata R. & P. Fl. 2: 59. pi. 207, f. b. 1799. Uragoga foveolata
Gomez, Anal. Hist. Nat. Madrid 23: 294. 1894.
A nearly glabrous shrub 1-3 meters, high; stipules large, thin,
obovate, obtuse, brownish; leaves short-petiolate, the blades lance-
elliptic to oblong-obovate, broadest at or above the middle, acute or
acuminate, acute to attenuate at the base, puberulent beneath
along the nerves or glabrate; inflorescence pedunculate, paniculate,
open, usually radiately branched at the base, many-flowered, the
minute bracts deciduous; calyx obsoletely denticulate; corolla white,
glabrous or minutely puberulent, 4 mm. long; fruit red, 4 mm. long.
Neg. 483.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews. Huanuco: Type material
from Chinchao and Cochero, Ruiz & Pav6n (photo, and fragm. of
authentic specimen seen, ex hb. Berol.). Posuso, 600 meters, 4677.
Cuschi, 1,500 meters open forest, 4854. Yanano, 1,800 meters,
sunny slope, 3718. Rio Huallaga Canyon below Rio Santo Domingo,
1,200 meters, in forest, 4196. Junin: Chanchamayo, Raimondi 2757 .
188 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Loreto: Ucayali Valley, Tessmann 3382, 3302. Puno: Near Sandia,
1,500-2,000 meters, Weberbauer 1073. San Martin: Tarapoto,
Williams 5809; Spruce 4288. Rio Mayo, Spruce 4350. Widely dis-
tributed in South and Central America.
The determinations of some of the specimens cited are more or
less uncertain. In this species the leaves often are domatiate beneath,
that is, provided along the costa with small, sack-like structures that
house parasites.
Psychotria compta Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 202. 1930.
Plants shrubby or only suffrutescent, 0.5-3.5 meters high, simple
or branched, glabrous outside the inflorescence; stipules 7 mm.
long, connate into a sheath 2 mm. long, the lobes broadly ovate-tri-
angular, obtuse; leaves large, short-petiolate, the blades firm-mem-
branaceous, broadly elliptic or ovate-elliptic or rarely oblong-ovate,
13-26 cm. long, 6-15 cm. wide, cuspidate-acuminate, acute or obtuse
at the base and often abruptly decurrent, bright green when dried,
paler beneath, with about 12 pairs of nerves; inflorescence peduncu-
late, cymose-paniculate, broadly ovoid, about 5-6 cm. long and
broad, the branches not bracteate at the base, often reflexed in fruit,
the flowers sessile or nearly so; corolla ochroleucous, minutely puberu-
lent, the tube 5-8 mm. long, the lobes 2.5-3 mm. long; fruit pale blue
or white, didymous-globose, 6-9 mm. wide.
Ayacucho: Near Kimpitiriki, 400 meters, dense forest, Killip &
Smith 22903. Junin: Enenas, 1,700 meters, dense forest, Killip &
Smith 25633. Above San Ramon, 1,500 meters, Killip & Smith
24584, 24601. Loreto: Yurimaguas, 135 meters, in forest, Killip
& Smith 29098 (type), 27590, 27968, 29038; Williams 3881.
Psychotria costato-venosa Schlecht. Linnaea 28: 497. 1856.
Branches glabrous; stipules connate into a sheath 4 mm. long,
obtusely bilobate at the apex; leaves short-petiolate, the blades
broadly elliptic, 7.5-10 cm. long, 3.5-5 cm. wide, acute at base and
apex, pilose on both sides along the costa, coriaceous, with 12-14
pairs of lateral nerves; inflorescence paniculate, terminal, few-
flowered, glabrous, the bracts elongate- triangular; calyx lobes
ovate, acutish; corolla puberulent at the apex, the lobes longer
than the tube; fruit nearly 12 mm. long and 8 mm. wide, 8-costate.
Neg. 25777.
Puno : Type from Tabina, Lechler 2077. Known to the writer only
from the original description and a leaf; probably a species of Pali-
courea. The inflorescence is not shown in the photograph cited.
FLORA OF PERU 189
Psychotria cupularis (Muell. Arg.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot.
8: 210. 1930. Mapouria cupularis Muell. Arg. Flora 59: 459, 465. 1876.
A shrub or small tree, glabrous or nearly so; stipules brownish,
obtuse; leaves on short or somewhat elongate petioles, the blades
subcoriaceous, dark when dried, oblong-obovate or elliptic-obovate,
3-7 cm. wide, rounded or obtuse at the apex and shortly cuspidate-
acuminate, acute to long-attenuate at the base; inflorescence small,
umbel-like or paniculate, the bracts small and inconspicuous, the
flowers sessile or almost so; calyx obscurely denticulate; corolla white,
6-7 mm. long, barbate in the throat, the lobes almost equaling the
tube. Neg. 6066.
Loreto: Pebas on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 1749. Also in
Amazonian Brazil.
Psychotria cuspidata Bredem. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 192.
1819.
A slender, glabrous shrub or small tree, 1-5.5 meters high ; stipules
green, persistent, short, bicuspidate: leaves thin, short-petiolate,
bright yellowish green when dried, the blades ovate to elliptic or
oblong-elliptic, very narrowly long-acuminate, usually with a
curved acumination, acute to obtuse at the base; inflorescence
pedunculate, thyrsoid-paniculate, much shorter than the leaves,
rather few-flowered, the few pale branches sometimes reflexed, not
bracted at base; calyx minute, truncate; corolla glabrous, 5 mm.
long, pale yellow or white; stamens exserted; fruit didymous-globose,
smooth. Neg. 534.
Cajamarca: Tambillo, Raimondi 6201 , 7427. Huanuco : Cochero,
Poeppig 1598. Junin: Puerto Yessup, 400 meters, dense forest,
Killip & Smith 26267. Loreto: Manfinfa, Alto Rio Nanay, Williams
1128. Sierra del Pongo, 500 meters, Mexia 6268. Timbuchi, in
forest, Williams 948. Iquitos, 100 meters, Killip & Smith 27023,
27003; Tessmann 3696. Caballo-cocha, in forest, Williams 2262.
Pefia Blanca, 110 meters, Killip & Smith 29656. San Martin:
Tarapoto, Williams 6114, 5884, 5879; Spruce 4903. San Roque,
Williams 7510, 6947. Widely distributed in tropical America.
"Yaku shuturi." Tessmann 3696 is referable to the var. compacta
Muell. Arg., in which the inflorescence is dense and compact, rather
than open, as is more usual for the species.
Psychotria cuspidulata (Krause) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8:
201. 1930. Cephaelis cuspidulata Krause, Notizbl. Bot. Gart.
Berlin 8: 102. 1922.
190 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
A glabrous shrub 3 meters high; stipules 4-6 mm. long, bidentate;
leaves short-petiolate, thick-membranaceous, yellowish green when
dried, the blades ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, 15-20 cm. long,
5.5-7 cm. wide, narrowly long-acuminate, obtuse or acutish at the
base; inflorescence pedunculate, small, cymose but dense and almost
head-like, many-flowered; calyx lobes lanceolate, acute; corolla
whitish, sparsely whitish-pilose, the tube 5-7 mm. long. Neg. 718.
Loreto: Cerro de Escalera, 1,200 meters, Ule 6551, type (photo,
and fragm. seen, ex hb. Berol.).
Psychotria educta Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 237. 1936.
A shrub 3 meters high, the branches glabrous; stipules deciduous,
very broadly ovate or elliptic, 2-2.5 cm. long, acute or acuminate,
sparsely ferruginous- villosulous, equaling or longer than the petioles;
leaves very shortly petiolate, chartaceous, oblanceolate, oblong-
oblanceolate, or rhombic-oblanceolate, 23-33 cm. long, 7-10 cm. wide,
gradually acuminate, gradually long-attenuate to the base, glabrous
above or nearly so, beneath at first ferruginous- villosulous or puberu-
lent, soon glabrate, the lateral nerves about 16 pairs; inflorescence
terminal, pedunculate, laxly paniculate, large, the slender branches
mostly verticillate, spreading or subreflexed, sparsely puberulent or
glabrate, bracteate at the base, the flowers umbellately clustered,
the pedicels 1-2 mm. long; calyx 1.2 mm. long, truncate, remotely
repand-denticulate; corolla ochroleucous, glabrous outside, 2.5 mm.
long, the throat not barbate, the lobes glabrous within; anthers
exserted.
Loreto: In upland forest at the edge of a stream, mouth of the
Rio Santiago, upper Rio Maranon, 160 meters, Tessmann 4057, type.
Psychotria egensis Muell. Arg. Flora 59: 542, 545. 1876.
A shrub 1 meter high with rather stout, glabrous branchlets;
stipules short, persistent, shallowly bilobate, the lobes rounded;
leaves short-petiolate, yellowish green, the blades thick, oblong or
oblong-elliptic, acute or short-acuminate, acute at the base; inflo-
rescence terminal, pedunculate, the flowers in head-like, long-
pedunculate clusters racemosely arranged along a stout rachis, the
stout branches opposite, glabrous; bracts broad, conspicuous, as
long as the flowers, ciliate, none present at the base of the branches;
corolla white, glabrous outside.
Junin: La Merced, 1,200 meters, 5748. San Martin: Mountains
along the Rio Mayo near Tarapoto, Spruce 4347. San Roque,
Williams 7416. Amazonian Brazil.
FLORA OF PERU 191
Psychotria emetica L. f. Suppl. PI. 144. 1781. Cephaelis emetica
Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 203. 1805. Uragoga emetica Baill. Hist. PI. 7: 371.
1880. C. plagiantha Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 190. 1936.
Stems usually simple, woody or only suffrutescent, 30 cm. high
or more, puberulent; stipules free, 3-4 mm. long, triangular-lanceo-
late, acuminate; leaves short-petiolate, dark when dried, the blades
elliptic-oblong to oblanceolate-oblong, acute or acuminate, acute to
long-attenuate at the base, glabrous above, puberulent beneath;
inflorescences axillary, about as long as the petioles, solitary or
geminate, bearing a few capitate, subsessile flowers, the bracts
minute; calyx obscurely dentate; corolla white, 5 mm. long, glabrous;
fruit 6 mm. long, bright blue.
Ayacucho: Near Kimpitiriki, 400 meters, dense forest, Killip &
Smith 22876. Loreto: Florida, King 2045, type of C. plagiantha.
San Antonio, Ule 6769. Bolivia to Central America, in lowland
forests.
Called "ipecacuana falsa" in Bolivia, and "raicilla" in Panama.
The roots, which have a strong and somewhat nauseous odor, are
one of the sources of the drug ipecac, but they are said to be much
inferior to those of Cephaelis Ipecacuanha.
Psychotria epiphytica Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 430. 1908, nomen;
Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 50: 108. 1908.
A small, glabrous, epiphytic shrub; stipules united below, the
free portion entire, ovate, acute, 4-5 mm. long; leaves short-peti-
olate, thick-coriaceous, fleshy when green, the blades oblong-ovate
to oblong, 6-8 cm. long, 3-3.5 cm. wide, acute or acuminate, obtuse
to subtruncate at the base; inflorescence paniculate, pedunculate,
very lax and open, many-flowered, equaling or much exceeding the
leaves, the pedicels 2-4 mm. long; calyx obsoletely dentate; fruit
black, 3-4 mm. in diameter. Neg. 462.
Loreto: Cerro de Escalera, 1,400 meters, Ule 6692, type (photo,
and fragm. seen, ex hb. Berol.).
Psychotria Ernesti Krause, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 50:
109. 1908.
A nearly glabrous shrub or small tree, 1-3 meters high, with stout
branchlets; stipules oblong-ovate, obtuse or acutish, 2 cm. long or
less; leaves large, short-petiolate, often darkening when dried, the
blades elliptic to rounded-elliptic, 9-13 cm. wide, acute, rounded to
acute at the base, with 15-19 pairs of nerves; inflorescence peduncu-
late, large but usually shorter than the leaves, radiately branched
192 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
at the base, many-flowered and rather dense; calyx obsoletely 5-den-
tate; corolla white, glabrous outside, the tube 2-2.5 mm. long, densely
barbate in the throat. Neg. 459.
Loreto : Florida, 180 meters, in forest, Klug 2327. Rio Sungarosa,
200 meters, stream border, Mexia 6305. Fortaleza, Yurimaguas,
edge of water, Williams 4341, 4445, 4242. Middle Rio Ucayali,
150 meters, Tessmann 3302. Also in Brazil along the upper Amazon,
and in Colombia.
Psychotria falcata Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 3, pt. 3: 47. 1893.
An almost glabrous shrub; stipules 3-4 mm. long, united below,
bilobate, the very short lobes obtuse; leaves short-petiolate, olive-
green when dried, the blades oblong or elliptic-oblong, medium-
sized, long-acuminate, acute at the base; inflorescence long-peduncu-
late, cymose-paniculate, narrow but open, many-flowered, the
branches puberulent, some of them often reflexed, the bracts minute;
flowers sessile or nearly so; calyx acutely dentate; corolla glabrous,
7 mm. long, the short lobes obtuse.
Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, Schunke 409. Above San Ramon,
1,400-1,700 meters, Killip & Smith 24596. San Martin: Tarapoto,
Williams 5962. Also in Bolivia.
Psychotria Herzogii S. Moore, Med. Rijks Herb. 46: 25. 1922.
A slender, glabrous shrub 1 meter high or less; stipules biparted,
6-8 mm. long, with subulate segments; leaves firm-membranaceous,
green when dried, subsessile, ovate-oblong, 2-4 cm. wide, acuminate
to obtuse, obtuse or rounded at the base; inflorescences cymose-
paniculate, pedunculate, dense, few-flowered, much shorter than the
leaves, the bracts equaling the flowers; calyx obscurely denticulate;
corolla white, almost 1 cm. long, glabrous outside; fruit blue, didy-
mous, glabrous, 5 mm. in diameter.
Loreto: Yurimaguas, Poeppig 2124- San Antonio, in forest,
Williams 341 3 . Fortaleza, Yurimaguas, edge of forest, Williams 4393,
4218. Soledad, 110 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 29699,
29569. Mouth of Rio Santiago, 160 meters, Tessmann 4264- Santa
Rosa, 135 meters, Killip & Smith 28712. Also in Bolivia.
Psychotria Hoffmannseggiana R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 214. 1825.
A small, slender shrub with glabrous or obscurely puberulent
branchlets; stipules 1 mm. long, biparted, with narrow lobes; leaves
small, membranaceous, very shortly petiolate, the blades lance-
oblong or elliptic-oblong, 3-8 cm. long, acute or acuminate, acute
FLORA OF PERU 193
and oblique at the base, glabrous or nearly so; flower heads short-
pedunculate, few-flowered, small, subtended by 2 conspicuous,
narrow, elongate bracts; calyx minutely 5-dentate; fruit 3 mm. long.
Neg. 745.
Loreto: Rio Nanay, in forest, Williams 832, 853. Amazonian
Brazil and the Guianas.
Psychotria hospitalis Standl. Field Mus.- Bot. 8: 199. 1930.
A nearly glabrous shrub 3 meters high; stipules 5 mm. long,
triangular-ovate, acute; leaves blackish when dried, short-petiolate,
the blades thick-membranaceous, oblong or obovate-oblong, 7-11
cm. long, 2-4.5 cm. wide, abruptly acuminate or long-acuminate,
attenuate to the base, furnished beneath along the costa with large
and conspicuous shelters for parasites; inflorescence pedunculate,
cymose-paniculate, lax and open, many-flowered, 2.5-3 cm. long and
broad; corolla white; calyx 5-dentate; fruit 6 mm. long, glabrous,
coarsely costate.
Loreto: Rio Nanay, in forest, Williams 845, type. Puerto Arturo,
Yurimaguas, in pasture, Williams 5189. Pongo de Manseriche,
Mexia 6337. Also in Colombia.
Psychotria huallagae Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 376. 1931.
A glabrous shrub; stipules bifid, the segments linear-filiform;
leaves subsessile, membranaceous, dull green when dried, the blades
oblanceolate-oblong or narrowly elliptic-oblong, 6-11 cm. long, 2-4
cm. wide, abruptly acute or short-acuminate, slightly narrowed to
the acute base, the lateral nerves about 12 pairs; inflorescence
pedunculate, half as long as the leaves, cymose-paniculate, broadly
pyramidal, 2 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide, the flowers sessile or nearly
so; calyx 5-dentate; fruit 5 mm. long, glabrous, obscurely costate.
Loreto: Puerto Arturo, Yurimaguas, 150-200 meters, Williams
5265, type. Amazonian Brazil.
Psychotria huantensis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 196. 1930.
A shrub 3-3.5 meters high, the branchlets sparsely hirtellous;
stipules short-connate, the segments lance- triangular, 4-5 mm. long;
leaves short-petiolate, green when dried, thin-coriaceous, the blades
oblong or lance-oblong, 16 cm. long and 5.5 cm. wide, short-cuspi-
date, subobtuse or rounded at the base, sparsely hispidulous beneath
on the veins or glabrate; inflorescence pedunculate, paniculate, nar-
rowly pyramidal, 13 cm. long and 10 cm. wide, the branches spreading
or subreflexed, densely pilosulous, much elongate, the flowers more
194 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
or less secund, sessile; calyx minute, truncate; fruit subglobose, 4
mm. long, hirtellous.
Ayacucho: Estrella, in dense woods, 500 meters, Killip & Smith
22633, type.
A relative of Psychotria patens Sw.
Psychotria involucrata Sw. Prodr. 45. 1788.
A nearly glabrous shrub or small tree, 1-6 meters high; stipules
short, green, truncate and bicuspidate; leaves petiolate, firm,
medium-sized, lanceolate to ovate or oblong-elliptic, long-acuminate,
abruptly contracted and decurrent at the base, dull green when
dried; inflorescence pedunculate, less than a third as long as the
leaves, commonly 1-2 cm. long, dense and contracted, rather few-
flowered, the short branches purplish, pubescent, the flowers sessile
or nearly so; outer bracts narrow, much longer than the flowers;
calyx denticulate; corolla creamy or greenish white; fruit globose,
4 mm. long, variously described as purple, purple-black, light blue,
or white. "Yaku shuturi."
Huanuco: Reported from Chicoplaya, Ruiz (teste Urban).
Junin: Yapas, 1,400 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 25501,
25605. Loreto: Rio Nanay, in forest, Williams 1056. Timbuchi,
Williams 862, 1037, 874, 869. Iquitos, 100 meters, Williams 8091;
Killip & Smith 27350, 29745. Punchana, Williams 8006. Mainas,
Poeppig Add. 28. La Victoria, Williams 2705. Fortaleza, Yuri-
maguas, in forest, Williams 4252. Santa Rosa, Williams 4842.
Yurimaguas, Williams 4110. San Martin: San Roque, Williams
7311. Lamas, Williams 6394. Widely distributed in tropical
America.
Psychotria iquitosensis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 195. 1930.
A shrub 3.5 meters high or less, glabrous except in the inflores-
cence; stipules green, connate into a short sheath, the linear-sub-
ulate lobes 3-4 mm. long; leaves short-petiolate, thick-membran-
aceous, bright or yellowish green when dried, the blades lance-oblong
or ovate-oblong, 7-17 cm. long, 2.5-6 cm. wide, very long-acuminate,
acute at the base or abruptly contracted and decurrent; inflorescence
pedunculate, cymulose-racemose, about 1.5-3.5 cm. long and broad,
the branches divaricate or subreflexed, sparsely and minutely pilose
or glabrate, simple or trifid at the apex, the lanceolate, persistent
bracts 2-5 mm. long; calyx minutely denticulate; corolla white,
glabrous, the tube 2.5-3 mm. long, barbate in the throat, the lobes
1.5 mm. long; fruit purple or deep blue, 3-3.5 mm. long.
FLORA OF PERU 195
Loreto: Near Iquitos, Williams 1391 (type), 1524, 3633; Killip
6 Smith 27244, 27208, 26926, 27019. Punchana, Williams 1337.
Santa Rosa, 135 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 28746, 28792.
Florida, 180 meters, riverside forest, Klug 2271. "Mitir-ey" (Hui-
toto name).
Psychotria japurensis Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 5:
328. 1881.
A shrub, the branchlets minutely puberulent or tomentulose;
stipules 3 mm. long, the lobes linear-subulate, rigid; leaves firm-
membranaceous, short-petiolate, yellowish green when dried, the
blades ovate to elliptic-oblong, 10-17 cm. long, long-acuminate,
cuneate-acute at the base, finely puberulent beneath; inflorescence
capitate-umbellate, short-pedunculate, the heads small and dense,
short-stalked, the linear bracts conspicuous and greatly exceeding
the flowers; calyx obtusely dentate; corolla rufous-hirtous, 4 mm.
long; fruit globose, costate, 3-4 mm. long. Neg. 6085.
Loreto: Pebas on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 1681. Also in
Amazonian Brazil.
Psychotria juninensis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 206. 1930.
A slender, glabrous shrub 1.5-2 meters high; stipules small,
acuminate, deciduous; petioles short and slender, the blades mem-
branaceous, pale-marginate, oblong-elliptic, 7-9.5 cm. long, 2-3.5
cm. wide, caudately long-acuminate, acute at the base, with about
7 pairs of nerves; inflorescence almost equaling the leaves, slender-
pedunculate, cymose-corymbose, 5 cm. wide, the bracts minute, the
pedicels 3 mm. long; calyx truncate or remotely denticulate; corolla
greenish white.
Junin: Puerto Bermudez, 375 meters, dense forest, Killip &
Smith 26525, type. Above Pongo de Manseriche, 200 meters, dense
forest, M exia 6230.
Psychotria Klugii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 377. 1931.
A shrub 1.5 meters high, the branches glabrous; stipules per-
sistent, oval-ovate, 1 cm. long, acutish, glabrous; leaves short-
petiolate, narrowly lance-oblong, 23-31 cm. long, 7-8.5 cm. wide,
narrowly attenuate-acuminate, long-attenuate to the base, thick-
membranaceous, glabrous, the lateral nerves about 12 pairs; inflores-
cence terminal, pedunculate, composed of umbellately disposed
heads on peduncles 6-10 mm. long, the heads 1 cm. in diameter,
dense, few-flowered, the outer bracts broadly ovate or oval, obtuse,
196 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
6-8 mm. long, glabrous; flowers white, sessile; calyx 0.6 mm. long,
obsoletely repand-denticulate.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, in forest, Klug
835 (type), 519.
Psychotria limitanea Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 197. 1930.
A shrub, glabrous except in the inflorescence; stipule lobes
linear-subulate, 2 cm. long; petioles short and stout, 7 mm. long or
less; leaf blades green when dried, coriaceous, narrowly margined,
narrowly oblong, 26 cm. long, 8 cm. wide, acuminate, rounded at the
base; inflorescence long-pedunculate, cylindric-paniculate, 20 cm.
long and 4 cm. wide, the branches more or less reflexed, hispidulous-
puberulent, not bracted at the base, the flowers often secund; calyx
minute, subtruncate; fruit didymous-globose, glabrous, 5 mm. broad,
prominently nerved.
Loreto: La Victoria, on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 3006,
type.
Psychotria loretensis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 198. 1930.
A slender shrub 2.5-4.5 meters high, glabrous except in the inflo-
rescence; stipules connate into a short sheath, the lobes subulate,
3-4 mm. long; leaves coriaceous, green when dried, short-petiolate,
the blades mostly oblong or lance-oblong, 10-24 cm. long, 3-8 cm.
wide, long-acuminate, acute or obtuse at the base; inflorescence
pedunculate, cylindric-paniculate or narrowly pyramidal-paniculate,
5-18 cm. long, 3-9 cm. wide, laxly many-flowered, the short branches
spreading or reflexed, glabrous or minutely puberulent, the flowers
often somewhat secund; calyx obtusely lobulate; corolla yellow,
glabrous outside, 5 mm. long, the throat glabrous; fruit orange,
subglobose, 4-5 mm. in diameter.
Junin: Puerto Bermudez, 375 meters, dense forest, Killip &
Smith 26561. Santa Rosa, 700 meters, Killip & Smith 26179,
26167. Loreto: Iquitos, 100 meters, in woods, Killip & Smith
27482 (type), 26988; Williams 3788, 8108. Punchana, in forest,
Williams 3771. Mishuyacu, 100 meters, Klug 631, 535, 839; Killip
& Smith 29862. Rio Nanay, Williams 856, 720. Timbuchi, edge of
jungle, Williams 1016. Balsapuerto, 150-350 meters, Killip &
Smith 28398, 28606, 28405, 28388, 28542. Florida, 200 meters, in
forest, Klug 2019; a form with very large and lax inflorescence.
Psychotria lupulina Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 230. 1841.
A shrub, glabrous except in the inflorescence; stipules connate
into a short, truncate sheath with short, subulate lobes; leaves grene
FLORA OF PERU 197
when dried, medium-sized or large, short-petiolate or subsessile,
the blades ovate to elliptic or obovate, acuminate, rounded to acute
at the base; inflorescence long-pedunculate, cymose-capitate, the
bracts equaling the flowers, numerous, linear-lanceolate to ovate,
acute to acuminate, usually red or reddish, the branches puberulent;
calyx minutely dentate; corolla white, glabrous outside, 1 cm. long
or less. Neg. 25795.
Loreto: Pebas, on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 1813, 1812.
Caballo-cocha, in forest or clearings, Williams 2289, 2232. La Vic-
toria, Williams 2976, 2944, 2529, 2530. Bolivia and Brazil to the
Guianas.
Psychotria luxurians Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 6: 50. 1896.
A shrub with glabrous branches; stipules triangular, short-bifid
at the apex; leaves membranaceous, large, slender-petiolate, oblong-
elliptic, long-acuminate, acute at the base, green or somewhat
darkened when dried, minutely puberulent on the nerves; inflores-
cence laxly paniculate, 10-30 cm. long, pyramidal, the branches
puberulent, somewhat deflexed, the flowers sessile or pedicellate;
calyx teeth acute; corolla 4 mm. long, glabrous outside, the short
lobes acute; fruit 3-4 mm. long. Neg. 614.
Reported by Rusby (loc. cit.) from Peru, Mathews 1167. I have
seen also a specimen collected by Ruiz and Pavon, without locality.
Bolivia, Ecuador, and Colombia.
Psychotria macrophylla R. & P. Fl. 2: 56. pi. 202, /. a. 1799.
Plants usually simple and suffrutescent, 1 meter high or less, or
sometimes as much as 3 meters high, the stems glabrous or pruinose-
puberulent; stipules short and soon deciduous, apiculate; leaves
large, herbaceous, mostly green when dried, petiolate, the blades
oblong to elliptic, acuminate, acute or attenuate at the base, glabrous
or pruinose-puberulent beneath on the nerves; inflorescence axillary,
on long or short peduncles, paniculate, short and few-flowered or
often larger and many-flowered, usually lax, the branches often
reflexed, the flowers sessile; bracts minute or small and inconspicu-
ous; calyx denticulate; corolla greenish white or yellowish, glabrous,
4-5 mm. long; fruit white (reported also as red), 4-5 mm. long.
Negs. 480, 511.
Huanuco: Type from Iscutuna, near Pillao, Ruiz & Pavdn
(photo, seen, ex hb. Berol.). Junin: La Merced, 600 meters, in forest,
5515; Kittip & Smith 23727, 23981. San Nicolas, 1,100 meters,
dense forest, Killip & Smith 26025. Cahuapanas, 340 meters, Kil-
198 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
lip & Smith 26713. East of Huacapistana, 2,100 meters, Weberbauer
2110. Loreto: La Victoria, in forest, Williams 3012, 3138, 2565.
Huallaga, Yurimaguas, Williams 4669. San Antonio, Williams
3460. Soledad, 110 meters, Killip & Smith 29599. Balsapuerto,
Killip & Smith 28578. San Martin: San Roque, in forest, Williams
7194, 7630. Cerro Campana, Spruce 4317. Moyobamba, Mathews.
Bolivia to Central America, mostly at low elevations and in deep
forest.
The species appears to be abundant in many parts of its range,
and naturally exhibits a large amount of variation, especially in
the shape of the leaves and form of the inflorescence. It may well
be that the material referred here represents more than a single
species, but I have been unable to discover any satisfactory basis
for dividing it.
Psychotria Marcgraviella Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 375. 1931.
A slender shrub 60 cm. high, the branchlets rusty-hispidulous;
stipules linear-lanceolate, 3 mm. long, hispidulous; leaves blackening
when dried, subsessile, membranaceous, oblong, 3-4.5 cm. long,
1-1.5 cm. wide, acute, broadly rounded and cordate at the base,
rusty-pilosulous on the costa; inflorescence slender-pedunculate,
cymose-corymbose, 3-4 cm. broad, lax and few-flowered, the branches
glabrous, the glabrous pedicels 2-4 mm. long; calyx acutely 4-dentate;
corolla ochroleucous, glabrous, 2.5 mm. long.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, in forest, Klug
494, type.
Easily recognized by the small, sessile leaves with cordate bases.
Psychotria marginata Sw. Prodr. 43. 1788.
A nearly glabrous shrub 1-2 meters high; stipules large, brown,
entire, caducous; leaves short-petiolate, darkening when dried, rather
small, the blades obovate to obovate-oblong, acute or acuminate,
attenuate to the base, minutely puberulent beneath or glabrate;
inflorescence long-pedunculate, openly paniculate, many-flowered,
with opposite or verticillate branches, the minute bracts deciduous,
the pedicels 2-5 mm. long; calyx teeth short, obtuse; corolla yellowish
white, scarcely 3 mm. long, glabrous outside; fruit globose, glabrous,
3-4 mm. long. Neg. 514.
Loreto: Masisea, 275 meters, open woods, Killip & Smith 26840.
San Martin: Mountains along Rio Mayo, near Tarapoto, Spruce
4875. Pongo de Cainarachi, 230 meters, in forest, Klug 2754-
Widely distributed in tropical America.
FLORA OF PERU 199
Resembling P. alba, but with conspicuously smaller flowers,
usually on more elongate pedicels.
Psychotria Mathewsii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 342. 1929.
A shrub or small tree 2-4 meters, high, the branches glabrous
or obscurely puberulent; stipules oval or broadly ovate, 1.5-2 cm.
long or sometimes shorter, rounded at the apex, caducous; leaves
rather thick, large, short-petiolate, darkening when dried, the blades
obovate-oblong to oblong-elliptic, mostly 15-30 cm. long and
6-10 cm. wide, acute or acuminate, long-attenuate to the base,
glabrous or minutely puberulent beneath on the veins; inflorescence
short-pedunculate, cymose-paniculate, usually large and broad, lax
and many-flowered, or dense at first, the branches minutely puberu-
lent, the flowers sessile; calyx truncate or obsoletely denticulate;
corolla greenish white, minutely puberulent outside, the tube 2 mm.
long, not barbate in the throat; fruit red, subglobose, 4 mm. long.
Ayacucho: Near Kimpitiriki, 400 meters, dense forest, Killip &
Smith 23022, 22907. Junin: Colonia Perene", 600 meters, in forest,
Killip & Smith 25100, 24936. Rio Paucartambo Valley, 700 meters,
Killip & Smith 25262. Chanchamayo, Martinet. Loreto: Rio
Nanay, Williams 378. Caballo-cocha, in forest, Williams 2362,
2473. Tira Doble, Williams 1062. San Antonio, 110 meters, Tess-
mann 3571. Mishuyacu, Klug 783. San Martin: Moyobamba,
Mathews 1491, type. Zepelacio, 1,200 meters, Klug 3344- Tarapoto,
in forest, Williams 6057, 5964; Spruce 4203. Lamas, 840 meters,
Williams 6409, 6343. Without locality : Martinet. Also in Colombia.
"Tapamaki."
Psychotria pongoana Standl., sp. nov.
Frutex vel arbor 2-6-metralis, ramulis crassiusculis vel gracilibus
obtuse quadrangularibus in sicco fuscis pilosis vel glabris, internodiis
elongatis; stipulae persistentes 1-2.5 cm. longae fuscae glabratae
profunde bilobae, lobis semiovatis vel semilanceolatis acutis vel
acuminatis erectis; folia magna breviter petiolata papyracea in sicco
fuscescentia, petiolo 1-3 cm. longo piloso vel glabro; lamina oblongo-
elliptica vel obovato-oblonga 13-22 cm. longa 5.5-8.5 cm. lata
abrupte breviacuminata, basi cuneatim attenuata, supra glabra,
costa nervisque non elevatis, subtus ad costam nervosque breviter
molliter pilosula, aliter glabra vel glabrata, costa gracili elevata,
nervis lateralibus utroque latere circa 11 obliquis arcuatis gracilibus
prominentibus in marginem desinentibus, venulis inconspicuis laxe
reticulatis; inflorescentia terminalis 5-15 cm. longe pedunculata
200 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
laxe bipinnatim paniculata pyramidalis, ramis oppositis gracilibus
omnibus basi bracteatis divaricatis elongatis dense breviter pilosis,
bracteis oblongis vel lanceolatis circa 1 cm. longis concavis obtusis
vel acutis pilosulis, floribus in capitula dense multiflora circa 1 cm.
diam. longe pedunculata dispositis, bracteis capitulorum ovalibus
vel rotundatis 4-5 mm. longis apice rotundatis rigidis incurvis dense
pilosulis vel glabratis; hypanthium cum calyce campanulatum stri-
gosum 3 mm. longum, limbo truncate; corolla alba extus densissime
villosula 9 mm. Jonga, tubo prope basin tenui prope medium abrupte
expanse, lobis reflexis lanceolato-ovatis acutis vix 2 mm. longis intus
puberulis; antherae inclusae.
Loreto: Florida, Rio Putumayo, at mouth of Rio Zubineta,
180 meters, in forest, King 2337 (herb. Field Mus. No. 668,884,
type). Sierra del Pongo, 600 meters, in undergrowth in tall forest,
Mexia 626 9a. Cuzco: Prov. Paucartambo, Weberbauer 6938.
Colombia: Comisaria del Putumayo, Umbria, 325 meters, in forest,
King 1812.
Psychotria microbotrys Ruiz ex Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8:
204. 1930.
A shrub or tree 1-6 meters high, glabrous except in the inflores-
cence, with slender branches; stipules 14-17 mm. long, bifid, the seg-
ments lance-triangular, long-acuminate; leaves membranaceous, green
when dried, the blades elliptic-oblong to broadly elliptic, 14-24
cm. long, 7-11 cm. wide, acute at each end; inflorescence long-pedun-
culate, broadly thyrsoid-paniculate, lax, many-flowered, 2-5 cm.
long or larger, the branches spreading or broadly ascending or in
age subreflexed, glabrous or sparsely and minutely puberulent, the
flowers often subsecund, sessile or short-pedicellate; calyx lobes
broadly rounded; corolla glabrous, white, 2.5 mm. long; fruit globose,
3 mm. long, acutely costate. Neg. 478.
Junin: Santa Rosa, 625-900 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith
26173. Loreto: La Victoria on the Amazon, in forest, Williams
2983, type. Santa Rosa, Williams 4826. Without locality, Ruiz.
Bolivia to Venezuela.
In the form of its inflorescence this species resembles closely
some of the Palicoureas, but the corolla is that of a Psychotria.
Psychotria moyobambana Standl., sp. nov.
Frutex metralis omnino glaber, ramulis gracilibus rigidis, vetusti-
oribus nigrescentibus teretibus, internodiis 2-4 cm. longis; stipulae
persistentes basi in vaginam fere 2 mm. longam crassam connatae,
FLORA OF PERU 201
vagina in lacinias 4 remotas lineares acutas desinente; folia parva
breviter petiolata subcoriacea, petiolo crassiusculo vix ultra 2 mm.
longo; lamina oblonga vel lanceolato-oblonga 3.5-5.5 cm. longa 1-2
cm. lata acuta vel acuminata, basi obtusa vel acuta, supra in sicco
olivacea costa prominente pallida, nervis obsoletis, subtus multo
pallidior flavescens, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque
latere circa 7 angulo lato adscendentibus prominulis tenerrimis
arcuatis marginem incrassatum cartilagineum attingentibus, venulis
obsoletis; inflorescentia terminalis graciliter 2-3 cm. longe peduncu-
lata, e capitulis 4-5 longe pedunculatis dense paucifloris circa 6 mm.
latis racemose dispositis composita 1.5-2 cm. longa et aequilata,
ramis basi nudis, bracteis capitula fulcrantibus 3-5 mm. longis
anguste oblongis vel anguste spathulatis acutis vel obtusis ut videtur
viridibus plus minusve recurvis, floribus arete sessilibus; hypanthium
cum calyce circa 1 mm. longum, calyce remote inaequaliter dentato;
corolla 3 mm. longa extus glabra, tubo lato obconico, lobis late ovatis
obtusis tubo paullo longioribus, corolla in alabastro apice rotundato-
obtusa.
San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1,200-1,600 meters, in
mountain forest, King 3394 (herb. Field Mus. No. 736,801, type).
Psychotria nautensis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 242. 1936.
A tree 5.5 meters high, the branchlets glabrous; stipules persistent,
suberect, 5-6 mm. long, glabrate, deeply bifid, the lobes semiovate,
acute; leaves short-petiolate, subcoriaceous, narrowly oblanceolate-
oblong, 18-28 cm. long, 6-7 cm. wide, long-acuminate or somewhat
rounded and abruptly short-acuminate, long-attenuate to the base,
glabrous, with about 13 pairs of nerves; inflorescence almost sessile,
terminal, cymose-paniculate, laxly and diffusely branched, 15-20
cm. long and broad, the slender branches bracteate at the base,
spreading or reflexed, densely and minutely pilose, the bracts 3-5
mm. long, lanceolate or oblong; flowers in few-flowered, small,
bracted heads, the obtuse bracts 2-3 mm. long; hypanthium and
calyx minutely pilose; corolla white, in bud 6-7 mm. long, very
densely villosulous.
Loreto: Nauta, near the mouth of Rio Ucayali, in forest, Spruce
3863, type.
Psychotria nigricans Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 205. 1930.
A shrub or small tree, the branchlets densely puberulent; stipules
bifid, the lobes triangular-lanceolate, attenuate; leaves short-petio-
late, blackish when dried, membranaceous, the blades lanceolate to
202 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
elliptic-oblong, 12-24 cm. long, 4-9 cm. wide, long-acuminate,
narrowed to the acute base, puberulent or short-pilosulous beneath
on the veins; inflorescence pedunculate, very dense and many-
flowered, about 2 cm. long and broad, composed of 5-9 dense, head-
like cymes, the branches densely puberulent or pilosulous, the
bracts foliaceous, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 5-8 mm. long;
bractlets villous-ciliate; calyx 5-dentate; fruit ellipsoid, puberulent,
7-8 mm. long.
Loreto: Pebas, on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 1603 (type),
1569, 1777, 1621, 1570. "Sonia."
Perhaps a Palicourea rather than a Psychotria.
Psychotria nudiceps Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 378. 1931.
A shrub 1 meter high, almost wholly glabrous; stipules connate
into a short-mucronate or subtruncate sheath; leaves short-petiolate,
membranaceous, olivaceous when dried, the blades oblong or elliptic-
oblong, 9-20 cm. long, 3-6.5 cm. wide, abruptly short-acuminate,
narrowed to the base or abruptly contracted and decurrent; inflo-
rescences terminal, sessile or pedunculate, capitate, the heads 1 cm.
wide, densely many-flowered, the bracts none or minute; calyx 1 mm.
long, truncate; corolla yellow, glabrous, acutish in bud, the tube
2.5 mm. long, barbate in the throat, the lobes slightly shorter.
Loreto: Punchana, in forest, Williams 3775. Mishuyacu, 100
meters, in forest, Klug 278, 306. San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams
6600, type.
Psychotria opima Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 243, 1936.
A shrub a meter high, the branches glabrous; stipules persistent,
connate into a very short sheath, with 4 setiform segments 7 mm.
long; leaves short-petiolate, membranaceous, oblong-elliptic or
broadly elliptic, 16-25 cm. long, 8-12 cm. wide, long-acuminate,
obtuse at the base or rounded and abruptly contracted and short-
decurrent, glabrous, with about 12 pairs of lateral nerves; inflores-
cence terminal, paniculate, 10 cm. long and 7 cm. wide, laxly many-
flowered, trichotomous at the base, the slender branches densely
puberulent, the flowers sessile in small cymes, the bracts minute;
hypanthium and calyx together 1 mm. long, sparsely puberulent,
the limb obscurely repand-denticulate; corolla yellowish, puberulent,
minutely 5-corniculate at the apex, the tube 4 mm. long, not barbate
in the throat, the 5 lobes oblong, glabrate within, half as long as the
tube; anthers long-exserted.
FLORA OF PERU 203
Loreto: Lower Rio Napo, in inundated forest, 100 meters, Tess-
mann 3710, type.
Psychotria patens Sw. Prodr. 45. 1788. P. flexuosa Willd. Sp.
PI. 1: 966. 1798.
A slender, glabrous shrub about 1 meter high, or reported also as
a small tree; stipules short, green, biaristate; leaves small or medium-
sized, usually yellowish green when dried, subcoriaceous, the blades
lanceolate to lance-oblong, long-acuminate, obtuse or acute at
the base; inflorescence pedunculate, thyrsoid-paniculate, often elon-
gate, the short, slender branches reflexed; calyx lobes triangular;
corolla whitish, glabrous, 7 mm. long; fruit white or pale blue, 3 mm.
long. Neg. 549.
Junin: La Merced, 1,200 meters, in forest, 5605; Killip & Smith
23829. Above San Ramon, 1,400-1,700 meters, Killip & Smith
24694, 24623; Schunke A22. Colonia Perene', 680 meters, Killip &
Smith 24982. Florida, 180 meters, dense forest, King 2282. Chan-
chamayo Valley, 1,000 meters, Schunke 65. Loreto: Iquitos, in
forest, Williams 3680, 3681; Tessmann 3638. Alto Rio Itaya,
Williams 3259. Mouth of Rio Santiago, Tessmann 4509. San Mar-
tin: Tarapoto, Williams 5612, 5886, 6728. Zepelacio, 1,200 meters,
King 3331. Lamas, Mathews 1488. Widely distributed in tropical
America, usually in the lowland forests. "Gidoro-ey" (Huitoto
name).
Psychotria pichisensis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 205. 1930.
A shrub or tree 7.5 meters high or less with glabrous branchlets;
stipules oblong, acute, 6 mm. long, caducous; leaves short-petiolate,
darkening when dried, the blades chartaceous, elliptic-oblong or
oblanceolate-oblong, 12-17 cm. long, 4-5.5 cm. wide, acuminate,
long-attenuate to the base, glabrous, with 11-13 pairs of nerves;
inflorescence long-pedunculate, broadly pyramidal-paniculate, 10-17
cm. broad, the branches spreading or subreflexed, sparsely and
minutely pilosulous or glabrate, the pedicels 2-4 mm. long; calyx
truncate or remotely denticulate; fruit subglobose, 5 mm. long.
Junin: San Nicolds, 1,100 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith
25993, type. Between Azupizu and Santa Rosa, 650 meters, Killip
& Smith 26138. Loreto: Mouth of Rio Santiago, 160 meters, Tess-
mann 4521 . Iquitos, 100 meters, Tessmann 3558.
Psychotria pilosa R. & P. Fl. 2: 60. pi. 208, f. a. 1799.
A shrub 3.5 meters high or less, or sometimes low and only suf-
frutescent, copiously pilose or hirsute throughout; stipules large,
204 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
persistent, bifid, the broad lobes acute or acuminate; leaves medium-
sized, thin, dull green when dried, petiolate, the blades oblong-
elliptic or ovate-oblong, acuminate, acute to obtuse at the base;
inflorescence long-pedunculate, paniculate, at first dense or in age
open, the flowers white, congested and subtended by conspicuous
bluish bracts, the branches spreading or subreflexed; calyx acutely
5-dentate; fruit small, blue, pilose. Neg. 477.
Huanuco: Type from Cochero, Ruiz & Pawn (photo, seen, ex hb.
Berol.). Cochero, Poeppig 1446. Junin: Rio Paucartambo Valley,
700 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 25303, 25295. Near La
Merced, 800-1,300 meters, Killip & Smith 23873. Yapas, 1,400
meters, Killip & Smith 25569. Colonia Perene", 680 meters, Killip
& Smith 24934. San Nicolas, 110 meters, Killip & Smith 25995.
Loreto: Pampas de Ponasa, Ule 6775. San Martin: Zepelacio,
1,200-1,600 meters, mountain forest, Klug 3445. Rio Mayo, near
Tarapoto, Spruce 4433. Bolivia.
Psychotria pluriceps Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 246. 1936.
A glabrous shrub; stipules persistent, connate into a sheath
1 mm. long, the 4 lobes narrowly triangular-oblong, acute; leaves
short-petiolate, membranaceous, ovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong,
15-23 cm. long, 6-8.5 cm. wide, abruptly caudate-acuminate, acute
at the base or abruptly contracted and cuneate-decurrent, the lateral
nerves about 14 pairs; inflorescence terminal, small, short-peduncu-
late, capitate-paniculate, 2 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, with few
spreading or subreflexed branches, the heads few-flowered, usually
pedunculate, 4-6 mm. broad, the bracts green, spreading, oblong-
triangular, acuminate; calyx 0.8 mm. long, truncate and remotely
denticulate; corolla glabrous outside, 2.5 mm. long, the throat densely
white-barbate.
Loreto : San Ramon, Yurimaguas, 200 meters, in forest, Williams
4573, type. Tira Doble, Alto Rio Nanay, Williams 1078, 1064.
"Mullaca."
Psychotria racemifera Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 71. 1930.
A low, sometimes decumbent, glabrous shrub; stipules connate
into a truncate sheath 2 mm. long, the subulate lobes 2-3 mm. long;
leaves yellowish green when dried, coriaceous, short-petiolate, the
blades elliptic-oblong or narrowly elliptic, 6-10 cm. long, 2-4 cm.
wide, acuminate, acute or obtuse at the base, conspicuously margi-
nate, inflorescence pedunculate, the sessile flowers capitate-congested,
the heads racemose, the rachis minutely puberulent; outer bracts
FLORA OF PERU 205
oblong or linear, 2-5 mm. long, green; calyx shallowly dentate;
corolla white, glabrous, 2.5-3 mm. long; fruit globose, 4-5 mm.
long, reticulate-veined.
Loreto: Timbuchi, Rio Nanay, in forest, Williams 952. Brazil,
Venezuela, and Colombia.
Psychotria racemosa (Aubl.) Willd. Sp. PI. 1: 966. 1797.
Nonatelia racemosa Aubl. PI. Guian. 1: 187. pi. 72. 1775.
A shrub 1-1.5 meters high with puberulent branches; stipules
biparted, persistent, with stiff, subulate lobes 8-10 mm. long; leaves
green when dried, short-petiolate, firm-membranaceous, the blades
chiefly oblong-elliptic, medium-sized, short-acuminate, acute or
abruptly contracted at the base, glabrous or nearly so; inflorescence
short-pedunculate, thyrsiform, small and dense, minutely hirtellous,
the flowers sessile; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate; corolla hirtellous;
fruit 4-5-celled, 4 mm. long, at first orange-red, becoming black.
Ayacucho: Near Kimpitiriki, 400 meters, dense forest, Killip &
Smith 22893. Junin: Cahuapanas, 340 meters, Killip & Smith 26721 .
Santa Rosa, Killip & Smith 26181. Colonia Perene", 680 meters,
Killip & Smith 24927. Near La Merced, Killip & Smith 23865.
Puerto Bermudez, 375 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 26496.
Rio Paucartambo Valley, 700 meters, Killip & Smith 25339. Loreto:
Caballo-cocha, Williams 2044, 2365. Pebas, Williams 1672, 1727,
1697, 1938. La Victoria, Williams 3085. Yurimaguas, Williams
3850; Killip & Smith 29047; Poeppig in 1831. Fortaleza, Williams
4255, 4353. Paraiso, Williams 3257. San Antonio, Williams 3440;
Killip & Smith 29468. Masana, Williams 8169. Rio Acre, Ule
9845. San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4543. Widely distributed in
tropical America.
A common species of wet lowland forests in many parts of tropical
America. Easy to recognize by its normally 5-celled fruit.
Psychotria repanda R. & P. Fl. 2: 61. 1799.
A glabrous shrub; stipules connate at the base, lanceolate, ciliate
on the margin and costa, caducous; leaves petiolate, the blades
lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, repand; flowers sessile, paniculate-
racemose, the racemes elongate, the branches compressed, subtended
by small, ovate, acute bracts; calyx minute, 5-dentate; corolla
minute, yellow, villous in the throat; fruit purple, as large as a
peppercorn.
Huanuco: Described from Cochero and Chinchao, Ruiz & Pavdn.
206 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Known to the writer only from the original description, which is
not accompanied by a plate. This species is not included in the
key. The description suggests a plant of the alliance of Psychotria
patens, but this is a mere guess.
Psychotria reticulata R. & P. Fl. 2: 56. pi. 212, f. b. 1799.
Rudgea valida Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 6: 51. 1896.
A shrub, the stout branchlets with a short, dense, velvety pubes-
cence; stipule lobes 1 cm. long, linear; leaves large or medium-sized,
yellowish when dried, subcoriaceous, short-petiolate, the blades
oblong-ovate to oblong-elliptic, abruptly acuminate, obtuse at the
base, rough above, densely velvety-pubescent beneath; inflorescence
pedunculate, pyramidal, cymose-paniculate, the primary branches
subtended by long, narrow bracts, the flowers sessile in very dense
cymes; calyx teeth ovate, acute; corolla 6 mm. long, yellow, pilose.
Amazonas: Yambrasbamba, Mathews 1494- Huanuco: Type
from Pillao, Ruiz & Pavon (photo, seen, ex hb. Berol.). Bolivia.
Psychotria retifera Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 342. 1929.
Branchlets tomentulose; stipules connate, 2-3 mm. long, very
shortly bilobate, the lobes rounded ; leaves short-petiolate, dark when
dried, thick-coriaceous, the blades elliptic or broadly elliptic, 3-5.5
cm. long, 1.7-3 cm. wide, acute, rounded or obtuse at the base,
glabrous, with closely reticulate, prominent venation; inflorescence
pedunculate, thyrsoid-paniculate, 1-3 cm. long, dense, many-
flowered, the branches densely puberulent, the flowers sessile or
subsessile; calyx subtruncate, tomentulose; corolla 5 mm. long,
tomentulose; fruit subglobose, 8 mm. long.
Huanuco: Between Huanuco and Pampayacu, Kanehira 247,
type.
The plant may be a Palicourea rather than a Psychotria, since it
has been impossible to determine satisfactorily the floral details.
Psychotria rhodophylla Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 194. 1930.
A shrub 1-4.5 meters high, the branchlets glabrous or minutely
pilosulous; stipule sheath 1-2.5 mm. long, the lobes linear-subulate,
2.5-5 mm. long; leaves short-petiolate or almost sessile, bright green
when dried, often reddish beneath, at least on the veins, the blades
elliptic-oblong to elliptic, 11-30 cm. long, 5-15 cm. wide, acute or
short-acuminate, acute to obtuse at the base, glabrous or nearly so;
inflorescence head-like, short-pedunculate, 4.5-5 cm. broad or in
fruit broader, the primary branches fastigiate, puberulent, the
FLORA OF PERU 207
outer bracts 13-20 mm. long, red-nerved, puberulent or glabrate;
calyx subtruncate; corolla blue, glabrous, the tube 12 mm. long,
not barbate in the throat; fruit deep purple, depressed-globose,
6 mm. long, smooth.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, in forest, Klug
289 (type), 370. Fortaleza, Yurimaguas, 200 meters, in forest,
Williams 4354, 4120, 4258, 3880; Poeppig 2083. Mainas, Poeppig
1083B, 2083B. San Antonio, 110 meters, Killip & Smith 29441.
Between Yurimaguas and Balsapuerto, Killip & Smith 28084.
Paraiso, Williams 3258. San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 6589.
Pongo de Cainarachi, 230 meters, in forest, Klug 2646.
Psychotria rhodothamna Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 201. 1930.
A shrub or small tree, 1-6 meters, high, glabrous except in the
inflorescence; stipules 2-3 mm. long, appressed, the short lobes ovate-
triangular, obtuse; leaves green when dried, short-petiolate, the blades
thick-membranaceous, lance-oblong to oblong-elliptic, 9-19 cm.
long, 3-8 cm. wide, cuspidate-acuminate, acute or short-acuminate
at the base, the lateral nerves about 8 pairs; inflorescence peduncu-
late, depressed-cymose, 1.5-3 cm. broad, dense, many-flowered, the
branches ebracteate at base, puberulent or glabrous, reddish when
dried, the flowers sessile or short-pedicellate; calyx truncate or
obsoletely denticulate; corolla white or ochroleucous, pulverulent
or glabrate, the tube 8-14 mm. long, the obtuse lobes 2.5-3 mm. long;
fruit apparently blue, didymous, 5-6 mm. broad, smooth.
Loreto: Iquitos, 100 meters, in woods, Killip & Smith 27115
(type), 26925, 27344- Pisco, in forest, Williams 1286. Pebas, on the
Amazon, Williams 1591, 1664, 1678. Yurimaguas, edge of forest,
Williams 3906. San Antonio, Alto Itaya, Williams 3491 ; Killip &
Smith 29334, 29341. Mishuyacu, 100 meters, Klug 741. Bolivia
to Venezuela.
Psychotria rufescens H. & B. (P. micrantha HBK.). The
original locality of P. micrantha is given doubtfully as Peru, but that
of P. rufescens, which probably was based upon the same collection,
is reported as the Rio Magdalena in Colombia. The species, appar-
ently, should be excluded from any list of the Peruvian flora.
Psychotria rugulosa HBK. The locality of this species,
likewise, was given originally as perhaps Peruvian, but the plant
seems to be rather a species of Ecuador and Colombia.
208 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Psychotria Ruizii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 313. 1931.
A nearly glabrous shrub 2 meters high; stipules bifid almost to the
base, the lobes rigid, linear-attenuate; leaves short-petiolate, bright
green when dried, firm-membranaceous, the blades oblong-ovate to
elliptic, 10-19 cm. long, 4-8 cm. wide, acute or acuminate, at the
base contracted and decurrent, the lateral nerves about 7 pairs;
inflorescence pedunculate, head-like, 1-2 cm. broad, erect or sub-
recurved, the peduncle puberulent, pilosulous, or glabrate; outer
bracts green, rounded, 6 mm. long; calyx deeply lobate, the segments
triangular-subulate; corolla white; fruit glabrous, subglobose, 3.5
mm. long. Neg. 472.
Huanuco: Chicoplaya, Ruiz. Loreto: Fortaleza, 140 meters, in
forest, King 2826. Bolivia.
Psychotria santaremica Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt.
5: 328. 1881.
A slender shrub 1-4.5 meters high, glabrous or almost so, some-
times obscurely puberulent on the leaf veins; stipules short, the lobes
subulate; leaves medium-sized, short-petiolate, green when dried, the
blades ovate to lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, long-acuminate,
abruptly contracted and decurrent at the base, with 8-11 pairs of
nerves; inflorescence short-pedunculate, umbellately few-rayed, the
branches naked at the base, the flowers in head-like clusters, some-
times all congested into a single head ; basal bracts linear and greatly
elongate; calyx 5-dentate; branches of the inflorescence pink; corolla
ochroleucous or yellow; fruit globose, 4 mm. long, white or pale blue
(reported also as purple). Neg. 6103.
Ayacucho: Near Kimpitiriki, 400 meters, dense forest, Killip
& Smith 22873. Junin: Puerto Bermudez, 375 meters, dense forest,
Killip & Smith 26413. Puerto Yessup, 400 meters, Killip & Smith
26251, 26283. Loreto: Iquitos, 100 meters, Killip & Smith 29853.
Masisea, 275 meters, open woods, Killip & Smith 26847. Rio
Napo near Mazan, Mexia 6451. Yurimaguas, 135 meters, Killip
& Smith 28022. Santa Rosa, Killip & Smith 28766. Peiia Blanca,
Killip & Smith 29649. San Martin: Juan Jui, King 3909. Pongo
de Cainarachi, Klug 2741. San Roque, in forest, Williams 6937,
7408, 7700. Also in Amazonian Brazil and in Colombia. "Mullaca."
Psychotria semimetralis Krause, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin
8: 102. 1922.
An epiphytic shrub about 50 cm. high, glabrous; stipules connate
into a sheath 2-2.5 mm. long, dentate at the apex; leaves short-
FLORA OF PERU 209
petiolate, coriaceous, the blades lanceolate or lance-oblong, 3.5-
5.5 cm. long, 1.2-1.8 cm. wide, acute or acuminate, narrowed at the
base; inflorescence pedunculate, small, few-flowered, about equaling
the leaves, the flowers short-pedicellate; calyx lobes ovate-lanceo-
late, acute; corolla pale yellow, the tube 5-6 mm. long, the lobes
scarcely half as long. Neg. 470.
San Martin: Mountains east of Moyobamba, 1,500 meters, Weber-
bauer 4751, type (photo, and fragm. seen, ex hb. Berol.). Cerro de
Campana, Spruce.
The Spruce collection was referred by the writer to Psychotria
lassula Standl., but there seems to be no reason for segregating it
from the Krause species, and P. lassula, as pertains to the type speci-
men, likewise may not be separable. Both species belong to a small
group of epiphytic plants, whose forms are closely related, and it
remains to be seen how many of the proposed species can be main-
tained when ample material is available for consideration.
Psychotria stenostachya Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 207. 1930.
A shrub or tree 1-7.5 meters high, the branchlets appressed-
pilosulous or glabrate; stipule sheath 4-6 mm. long, the linear-
subulate lobes 5-9 mm. long; leaves usually dark when dried, short-
petiolate, thick-membranaceous, the blades elliptic, oblong-elliptic,
or obovate-elliptic, mostly 14-25 cm. long and 5-12 cm. wide,
abruptly acuminate, acute or abruptly acute at the base or sometimes
attenuate, puberulent or appressed-pilosulous beneath along the
veins or glabrate; inflorescence pedunculate, 4-10.5 cm. long, 8-15
mm. wide, composed of numerous sessile or short-pedunculate cymes,
these few- or many-flowered, the branches ferruginous- tomentose,
the bracts inconspicuous; calyx truncate or unequally dentate;
corolla greenish white, tomentulose or glabrate, 5-tuberculate at the
apex in bud, the tube 5 mm. long, not barbate in the throat; fruit
orange, subglobose, 6 mm. long, 5-celled.
Junin: Near Puerto Yessup, 400 meters, dense forest, Killip &
Smith 26220. Loreto: San Antonio, 110 meters, dense forest, Killip
& Smith 29294 (type), 29346, 28413, 29419. Puerto Arturo, Williams
5078, 5293. Fortaleza, edge of forest, Williams 4307, 4251. Recreo,
Williams 4135. Yurimaguas, Williams 3890. Paraiso, Williams
3329, 3238. Pebas, Williams 1606. Foothills of Sierra del Pongo,
400 meters, Mexia 6186. Balsapuerto, Killip & Smith 28516.
Santa Rosa, Killip & Smith 28755. Soledad, Killip & Smith
29574, 29767. Between Yurimaguas and Balsapuerto, 140 meters,
210 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Kittip & Smith 28160. San Martin: Rio Mayo, Spruce 4383.
Tarapoto, in forest, Williams 6095. Pongo de Cainarachi, 230
meters, in forest, Klug 2697. Ecuador.
A member of the subgenus Nonatelia, and related, therefore, to
P. racemosa.
Psychotria striolata Krause, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6:
209. 1914.
A nearly glabrous shrub 1-3 meters high; stipules broadly ovate,
acuminate, 10-12 mm. long, caducous; leaves short-petiolate, the
blades membranaceous, oblong to ovate-oblong, 12-18 cm. long,
5-7 cm. wide, with 17-20 pairs of nerves, acuminate, attenuate at
the base; inflorescence small and rather few-flowered, short-pedun-
culate; calyx minutely denticulate; corolla white or greenish, 2.5
mm. long, the lobes shorter than the tube. Neg. 460.
Loreto: San Francisco on the Rio Acre, Ule 9844, type (photo,
seen, ex hb. Berol.).
Psychotria subtomentosa R. & P. Fl. 2: 61. pi. 210, f. a. 1799.
Cephaelis subtomentosa Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 749. 1825.
A shrub or small tree with stout, hirsute branches; stipules large,
bifid, with elongate, linear lobes; leaves subcoriaceous, yellowish
green or sometimes darkening when dried, petiolate, the blades
lance-oblong or elliptic-oblong, medium-sized, long-acuminate, acute
at the base, copiously pilose; inflorescence sessile or pedunculate,
trifid, the flowers sessile in large, dense, head-like clusters; calyx
5-dentate; corolla blue, villous.
Huanuco: Described from Chinchao, Mesapata, and Maichainigo,
Ruiz & Pavdn. Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, Schunke 298, 397.
Psychotria tarapotensis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 377. 1931.
A slender, nearly glabrous shrub; stipules biparted, the segments
linear, green; leaves sessile, firm-membranaceous, green when dried,
elliptic or elliptic-oblong, 6.5-12 cm. long, 2.5-5.5 cm. wide, .abruptly
acuminate, acute at the base; inflorescence slender-pedunculate,
capitate, the peduncle glabrous or hispidulous, the head densely
few-flowered, or composed of 4 heads, the outer bracts apparently
green, 10-14 mm. long, lanceolate; calyx remotely denticulate;
corolla hispidulous, the tube 5 mm. long.
San Martin: Tarapoto, 750 meters, Williams 5888 (type), 5867,
6497.
FLORA OF PERU 211
Psychotria tenuicaulis Krause, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 8:
101. 1922.
A slender shrub or small tree 1-6 meters high, the young branches
pilose; stipules ovate-lanceolate, 3-4 mm. long, acute, deciduous;
leaves short-petiolate, thin, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, mostly
5-9 cm. long and 2-3 cm. wide, acuminate, acute or obtuse at the
base, sparsely pilose beneath, at least along the costa; inflorescence
slender-pedunculate, lax, few-flowered, 3-5 cm. long, trichotomous
or verticillately branched at the base, the flowers slender-pedicellate;
calyx acutely denticulate; corolla white or ochroleucous, 3-3.5 mm.
long; fruit small, deep red. Neg. 471.
Huanuco: Between Monzon and the Huallaga, 600 meters,
Weberbauer 3663, type (photo, and fragm. seen, ex hb. Berol.).
Cochero, dense forest, Poeppig 1067. Junin: Cahuapanas, 340
meters, Killip & Smith 26719. San Nicolas, 1,100 meters, dense
forest, Killip & Smith 25999. Loreto: Mainas, Poeppig 2445B.
Puerto Arturo, 160 meters, in forest, Williams 5292, 5217; Killip
& Smith 27735. Fortaleza, Yurimaguas, edge of forest, Williams
4283, 4438. Rio Itaya, Williams 232. Santa Rosa, 135 meters,
Killip & Smith 28887. Also in Colombia.
Psychotria Tessmannii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 341. 1929.
A rather slender shrub 1-3.5 meters high, with glabrous branch-
lets; stipule lobes subulate, 6-8 mm. long or more; leaves usually
blackening when dried, rather thin, short-petiolate, the blades
elliptic to elliptic-oblong, chiefly 7-20 cm. long and 3-8 cm. wide,
long-acuminate, acute at the base or abruptly contracted and
decurrent, sparsely and minutely puberulent beneath on the veins;
inflorescence pedunculate, narrowly paniculate, elongate, raceme-
like, the sessile flowers in small, pedunculate cymes, the branches
minutely puberulent; calyx obsoletely obtuse-dentate; corolla white
or ochroleucous, minutely puberulent or glabrate, the tube 2.5 mm.
long; fruit bright orange.
Junin: San Nicolas, 1,100 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith
25994. Loreto: Rio Ucayali, Tessmann 3014, type. Rio Masana,
in forest, Williams 205. Santa Rosa, 135 meters, Killip & Smith
28777. Rio Putumayo, in forest, King 1625. Florida, 200 meters,
in forest, Klug 1975. San Antonio, 110 meters, Killip & Smith
29321. Mouth of Rio Tigre, wooded bank, Killip & Smith 27521.
Iquitos, Killip & Smith 27186, 27460. Rio Itaya, Killip & Smith
212 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
29287. Pena Blanca, Kittip & Smith 29657. San Martin: Base
of Cerro Campana, Spruce 1,383. Ecuador.
Psychotria tinctoria R. & P. Fl. 2: 62. pi. 211, f. a. 1799.
Palicourea tinctoria R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 194. 1819.
An almost glabrous shrub or small tree 3-6 meters high, with
stout branches; stipules large, persistent, deeply bilobate, the broad
lobes obtuse; leaves subcoriaceous, petiolate, yellowish green when
dried, the blades broadly elliptic to elliptic-oblong, large, obtuse
or acute, acute to almost rounded at the base; inflorescence panicu-
late, pedunculate, rounded-pyramidal, rather small, subappressed-
pilose, the stout branches spreading, chiefly opposite, subtended at
the base by large bracts; calyx 5-dentate; corolla sericeous, hirsute
in the throat, reddish yellow, or yellowish white with deeper yellow
lobes; fruit large, subglobose, reddish. Neg. 649.
Huanuco: Described from Macora and Mesapata, Ruiz & Pavon
(photo, of authentic specimen seen, ex hb. Berol.). Junin: Yapas,
1,400 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 25492. Enenas, 1,700
meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 25640. Without locality:
Fielding.
Psychotria trifida R. & P. Fl. 2: 60. pi. 209, f. b. 1799.
A nearly glabrous shrub; stipules bifid, small, with short, acute
lobes, persistent; leaves thick, shining above, short-petiolate, darken-
ing when dried, the blades oblong or oblong-oblanceolate, small,
acuminate, acute at the base, pilose beneath along the costa; inflo-
rescence terminal, trichotomous, sessile, the flowers in small, dense,
head-like clusters; calyx 5-dentate; corolla sparsely pubescent,
hirsute in the throat; fruit black. Neg. 486.
Huanuco: Type collected between Acomayo and Cerro Carpish,
Ruiz & Pavdn (photo, and fragm. seen, ex hb. Berol.). Cochero,
Poeppig 1527.
Psychotria Victoriae Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 191. 1930.
A shrub or tree 6 meters high or less, the branches puberulent or
glabrous; stipules 5-8 mm. long, short-bilobate, the lobes obtuse or
rounded; leaves petiolate, firm, green or rather dark when dried,
the blades oblong or elliptic-oblong, 14-20 cm. long, 5-8.5 cm. wide,
abruptly short-acuminate, narrowed to the base, glabrous beneath or
pilosulous on the veins, the nerves about 13 pairs; inflorescence
long-pedunculate, composed of 4-7 racemose heads, the peduncles
spreading, glabrous or short-pilose, bracteate at the base, the dense
FLORA OF PERU 213
heads 1-2 cm. in diameter; outer bracts broadly rounded, ciliate,
deep purple; calyx appressed-pilose, 2-4 mm. long, truncate; fruit
apparently blue, 4-5 mm. long, pilose about the apex.
Junin: San Nicolas, 1,100 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith
26013. Puerto Yessup, 400 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith
26255. Loreto: La Victoria, on the Amazon, in forest, Williams
3080, type. Iquitos, Williams 8228.
Psychotria villosa R. & P. Fl. 2: 59. pi. 207, f. a. 1799.
A shrub about 2 meters high, the branches ferruginous-villous or
hirsute; stipules ovate, acute, caducous; leaves petiolate, oblanceo-
late-oblong, sometimes 25 cm. long but usually much smaller,
acuminate, attenuate to the base, rusty- villous or hirsute, especially
beneath; inflorescence pedunculate, corymbose-paniculate, lax and
open, the basal branches opposite or verticillate; calyx 5-dentate;
corolla 3 mm. long, glabrous outside; fruit red, glabrous, 4 mm. long.
Neg. 485.
Huanuco: Described from Chinchao and Cochero, Ruiz & Pavdn.
Posuso, 600 meters, in forest, -4709. Pampayacu, Kanehira 23.
Casapi, Fielding 1947. Cochero, Fielding 1948. Ayacucho: Aina,
750-1,000 meters, open woods, Killip & Smith 22524, 23136.
San Martin: San Roque, 1,400 meters, Williams 7520, 7336. Rio
Mayo, Spruce 4372. Without locality: Poeppig 1568.
Psychotria virgata R. & P. Fl. 2: 60. pi. 209, f. a. 1799.
A glabrous shrub with stout branches; stipules short, persistent,
bilobate, with rounded lobes; leaves small, coriaceous, short-petio-
late, lance-oblong to elliptic, acute or short-acuminate, acute or
subobtuse at the base, conspicuously veined; inflorescence cymose-
paniculate, sessile or pedunculate, puberulent or glabrate, the
flowers sessile or nearly so; bracts small and inconspicuous; calyx
5-dentate; corolla yellow, hirsute in the throat; fruit oval, dark blue.
Neg. 484.
Huanuco: Described from Sircai and Soria, near Pillao and
Mufia, Ruiz & Pavdn (photo, and fragm. seen, ex hb. Berol.).
San Martin: Chiliquin, Mathews 1493.
Ruiz and Pavon state that the dried leaves were employed for
dyeing yellow. The species should probably be referred rather to
the genus Palicourea.
Psychotria viridis R. & P. Fl. 2: 61. pi. 210, f. b. 1799. P.
glomerata HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 362. 1820. Palicourea viridis
R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 195. 1819.
214 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
A shrub or small tree, 4.5 meters high or less, glabrous or nearly
so; stipules large, thin, acuminate, ferruginous, caducous; leaves
darkening when dried, thin, short-petiolate, obovate or obovate-
oblong, small or medium-sized, acute or short-acuminate, cuneate-
attenuate to the base; inflorescence pedunculate, spicate-paniculate,
open, many-flowered, the minute flowers sessile in distant glomerules;
corolla greenish white; fruit red, 4-5 mm. long. Neg. 482.
Huanuco: Described from Chinchao and Macora, Ruiz & Pavon.
Junin: Colonia Perene', 600 meters, in forest, Killip & Smith
25150. Puerto Bermudez, 375 meters, Killip & Smith 26641.
Loreto: San Ramon, in forest, Williams 4567. Fortaleza, Yurima-
guas, Williams 4276. Paraiso, Williams 3363. Balsapuerto, Killip
& Smith 28383. Santa Rosa, Williams 4836. Puerto Arturo, 135
meters, Killip & Smith 27763, 27871. Between Yurimaguas and
Balsapuerto, Killip & Smith 28264. San Martin: Tarapoto, Wil-
liams 6699, 6030; Vie 6614. Casapi, Fielding 1949. Zepelacio,
1,200 meters, in forest, King 3377. Rumizapa, Williams 6812.
Rio Mayo, Williams 6278, 6228, 6203. Bolivia to Central America
and Cuba: Amazonian Brazil.
"Paufil chaqui." The original locality of P. glomerata was given
doubtfully as Peru, but it is more probable that the type came from
Colombia.
Psychotria Weberbaueri Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 192. 1930.
A tree 8 meters high, glabrous or nearly so; stipules caducous,
triangular, obtuse, 3 mm. long; leaves petiolate, rather thick, darken-
ing when dried, the blades broadly elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 13-25
cm. long, 6.5-16 cm. wide, acute or abruptly apiculate-acuminate,
at the base obtuse to subtruncate and abruptly long-decurrent, with
about 25 pairs of nerves; inflorescence terminal or pseudo-axillary,
cymose-paniculate, broadly pyramidal, lax, many-flowered, 11 cm.
broad, verticillate-branched at the base, the branches glabrous;
pedicels 1-3 mm. long; calyx truncate; corolla greenish white, 5 mm.
long, glabrous.
Junin: La Merced, 1,000 meters, Weberbauer 1872, type.
Psychotria Williamsii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 200. 1930.
A shrub 2-2.5 meters high, nearly glabrous; stipules short-con-
nate, the lobes 4-5 mm. long, subulate-linear; leaves sessile, firm,
green when dried, narrowly oblong or lance-oblong, 13-22 cm. long,
3-6 cm. wide, very long-acuminate, rounded and shallowly cordate
at the base; inflorescence long-pedunculate, depressed-cymose,
FLORA OF PERU 215
almost head-like, 5 cm. broad, the very short branches naked at the
base, minutely puberulent or glabrous; bracts deep purple, elliptic-
oblong to lanceolate or oblanceolate, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, acute to
cuspidate-acuminate, puberulent or glabrate; calyx with very short,
rounded lobes; corolla pale blue, minutely puberulent, 8 mm. long;
fruit 5 mm. long.
Loreto: Rio Nanay, in forest, Williams 760 (type), 763. Pena
Blanca on Rio Itaya, 110 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith
29648. "Brocha sisa."
Psychotria yapasensis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 196. 1930.
A glabrous shrub or tree 2.5-6 meters high; stipule sheath 1.5-3
mm. long, truncate, the lobes triangular, acute, 1-2 mm. long; leaves
short-petiolate, coriaceous or thinner, the blades elliptic-ovate or
oblong-elliptic, 9-24 cm. long, 4-10 cm. wide, obtuse or acute, at
the base acute or subobtuse; inflorescence long-pedunculate, broadly
pyramidal-paniculate, lax, many-flowered, the opposite branches
bracted at the base, spreading or subreflexed, the flowers sessile;
calyx truncate or minutely denticulate; corolla yellowish, glabrous,
7 mm. long.
Junin: Yapas, 1,350-1,600 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith
25461 (type), 25507.
Psychotria zepelaciana, Standl., sp. nov.
Frutex 3-metralis, ramulis crassiusculis densissime pilis brevibus
paten tibus ferrugineis pilosis, internodiis brevibus; stipulae caducae
non visae; folia magna petiolata crasse membranacea in sicco fus-
cescentia, petiolo crassiusculo 2-5 cm. longo densissime ferrugineo-
pilosulo; lamina elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica 14-21 cm. longa 5.5-
10.5 cm. lata et ultra abrupte breviacuminata, acumine triangulari
acuto, basi acuta vel cuneato-attenuata, supra opaca glabra nervis
manifestis, subtus vix pallidior ubique ad costam densius breviter
pilosa vel villosula, costa crassiuscula elevata, nervis lateralibus
utroque latere circa 17 angulo fere recto abeuntibus leviter arcuatis
prominentibus in marginem desinentibus, venulis paucis obscuris;
inflorescentia terminalis crasse 2 cm. longe pedunculata cymoso-
paniculata dense multiflora circa 7 cm. longa et 9 cm. lata e basi
radiatim ramosa, ramis crassis divaricatis densissime breviter fer-
rugineo-pilosis, bracteis minutis deciduis, floribus sessilibus dense
aggregatis; hypanthium cum calyce 2 mm. longum dense ferrugineo-
pilosulum obconicum, calyce brevi truncate; corolla ochroleuca dense
breviter pilosula 5 mm. longa, tubo lato fauce dense barbato, lobis
216 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
oblongo-triangularibus tubo paullo longioribus acutiusculis intus
minute puberulis; antherae oblongo-lineares subexsertae, stylo
antheris longiore.
San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1,100 meters, in forest,
King 3733 (herb. Field Mus. No. 753,164, type).
73. PALICOUREA Aubl.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves opposite or ternate, membranaceous
or coriaceous; stipules small or large, persistent, bilobate, the lobes
broad or narrow; flowers cymose, corymbose, or paniculate, the
panicles often thyrsoid, the branches of the terminal inflorescence
usually colored; calyx small, dentate; corolla tubular, with very
short lobes, the tubes commonly more or less curved and somewhat;
dilated on one side at the base; fruit drupaceous, 2-5-celled.
The genus is close to Psychotria, and is not distinguished from it
by any constant character, nevertheless Palicourea is a convenient
group, and the species usually may be distinguished by their general
aspect from all the Psychotrias. Some of the species listed below
may be better referable to Psychotria than to Palicourea, but their
proper status can not be settled satisfactorily without more ample
material than is now available. The species are not so well differ-
entiated as those of Psychotria usually are, and the following key
will not be found altogether satisfactory for their separation.
Corolla densely villous, large, the hairs completely covering its
outer surface and often tufted. Leaves opposite, often very
large.
Leaves densely or sparsely pilose beneath.
Leaves glabrous on the upper surface; corolla about 2.5 cm.
long P. lachnantha.
Leaves densely pubescent on the upper surface; corolla 1.5 cm.
long or less P. lasiophylla.
Leaves glabrous or practically so.
Ovary narrowly turbinate, attenuate to the base, not clearly
jointed with the pedicel P. lasiantha.
Ovary companulate, obtuse or rounded at the base, evidently
jointed with the pedicel P. condensata.
Corolla glabrous, puberulent, or sparsely short-villous, often small.
Inflorescence corymbose or cymose, with strongly ascending
branches, often fastigiately branched, or small and few-
flowered, usually as broad as long or broader.
FLORA OF PERU 217
Leaves evidently pubescent beneath, at least along the costa or
on the nerves, sometimes minutely puberulent.
Peduncles several times as long as the small, fastigiately
branched inflorescence. Leaves minutely puberulent.
P. stenoclada.
Peduncles little if at all longer than the inflorescence, often
much shorter.
Branches glabrous.
Leaves scaberulous on the upper surface, 2 cm. wide or
less P. consobrina.
Leaves glabrous on the upper surface, mostly 3.5-7.5 cm.
wide P. bracteosa.
Branches pilose or villous.
Leaves coriaceous; calyx lobes short, obtuse. . P. Lechleri.
Leaves membranaceous; calyx lobes acute.
Inflorescence dark purple when dry, the bracts lanceo-
late P. Herrerae.
Inflorescence yellowish when dried, the bracts subulate.
P. Buchtienii.
Leaves glabrous beneath.
Stipule lobes broad, obtuse. Leaves blackish when dried.
P. nigricans.
Stipule lobes usually narrow, acute or acuminate.
Leaf blades small, 18 mm. wide or less P. saligna.
Leaf blades larger, mostly 3-10 cm. wide.
Calyx lobes linear, much elongate P. cymosa.
Calyx lobes short and broad.
Inflorescence lax and open, the branches spreading, the
flowers long-pedicellate P. ponasae.
Inflorescence dense, the branches suberect, the flowers
sessile or short-pedicellate.
Primary branches of the inflorescence subtended at
the base by bracts P. punicea.
Primary branches without bracts at the base.
Bracts of the inflorescence minute and obscure.
P. corymbifera.
Bracts linear or spatulate, conspicuous.
218 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Inflorescence dark purple when dried; leaves
about 11 cm. wide P. lucidula.
Inflorescence yellowish when dried; leaves 3.5-
6.5 cm. wide P. lucentifolia.
Inflorescence paniculate or thyrsiform, sometimes spike-like,
usually longer than broad and many-flowered, the branches
not fastigiate, often spreading.
Inflorescence elongate, spike-like, the primary branches sup-
pressed or very short and often appressed.
Leaves blackish when dried, mostly 8-12 cm. wide; flowers
spreading or ascending P. subspicata.
Leaves green or yellowish green when dried, mostly 3-5 cm.
wide; flowers suberect P. charianthema.
Inflorescence not spike-like, the primary branches usually
elongate.
Leaves all or chiefly ternate. Inflorescence elongate-thyrsi-
form; corolla pubescent P. triphylla.
Leaves opposite.
Leaves glabrous beneath.
Corolla sparsely pilose or villosulous with spreading hairs.
P. Raimondii.
Corolla glabrous or finely puberulent.
Peduncles and branches of the inflorescence pubescent,
sometimes minutely so.
Corolla in bud with 5 wart-like projections at or near
the apex.
Corolla with 5 wart-like projections at its apex.
P. levis.
Corolla with wart-like projections at the base of
the lobes P. aphthosa.
Corolla without wart-like projections near the apex.
Corolla glabrous; leaves narrowly lanceolate.
P. attenuata.
Corolla puberulent or minutely sericeous; leaves
broader.
Corolla minutely sericeous; leaves mostly 4-6
cm. wide.. .P.mitis.
FLORA OF PERU 219
Corolla coarsely puberulent; leaves mostly
7-13 cm. wide P. macrophylla.
Peduncles and branches of the inflorescence glabrous
or practically so.
Leaves very large, as much as 30 cm. long and 12
cm. wide. Stipule lobes short, approximate,
obtuse; inflorescence dense, globose-thyrsoid.
P. Klugii.
Leaves much smaller, rarely more than 15 cm. long.
Inflorescence dense, the flowers in head-like
clusters P. Jelskii.
Inflorescence lax and open.
Leaf blades broadly obovate, coriaceous; corolla
minutely puberulent P. sulphurea.
Leaf blades narrowly oblong or lanceolate to
narrowly elliptic; corolla glabrous.
Leaf blades narrowly lanceolate or linear-
lanceolate, 2-3 cm. wide. .P. sandiensis.
Leaf blades elliptic-oblong to narrowly ellip-
tic, usually wider.
Leaves bright green when dried, with
prominent venation, lustrous beneath.
P. crocea.
Leaves usually blackish when dried, the
veins obscure, dull beneath.
P. paraensis.
Leaves sparsely or densely pubescent beneath, at least
pilose on the veins or costa.
Branches sharply quadrangular. Corolla glabrous.
P. perquadrangularis.
Branches terete or subterete.
Stipules very large, 2-4 cm. long.
Leaves densely short-hirsute beneath; hypanthium
hispidulous P. Kanehirae.
Leaves pilose beneath on the veins; hypanthium
glabrous or puberulent.
Leaves with about 13 pairs of nerves; bracts
narrowly linear P. longistipula.
220 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Leaves with about 20 pairs of nerves; bracts
lanceolate to ovate P. Macbridei.
Stipules small, rarely more than 1 cm. long.
Corolla sparsely or densely pilose with more or less
elongate, spreading hairs, these sometimes very
few.
Inflorescence small, dense, compact; corolla very
sparingly pilose P. punoensis.
Inflorescence large, lax, open, much elongate;
corolla densely or sparsely pilose.
Veins of the leaves prominent beneath and
reticulate; corolla 7-8 mm. long, sparsely
pilose P. chrysotricha.
Veins of the leaves obscure; corolla 10-14 mm.
long P. macrobotrys.
Corolla glabrous or minutely puberulent.
Leaf blades narrowly oblong or lanceolate; stipule
lobes elongate-subulate P. angustifolia.
Leaf blades ovate to elliptic or broadly obovate,
rarely oblong, but the stipule lobes then short
and broad.
Leaves densely and softly pubescent beneath.
Corolla 6-8 mm. long ... P. chlorocaerulea.
Leaves sparsely pilose beneath, chiefly along the
costa.
Corolla 14-19 mm. long. Stipule lobes semi-
ovate, obtuse P. polyneura.
Corolla 8-12 mm. long.
Stipules united to form a truncate sheath,
the linear lobes remote. Corolla 9-12
mm. long P. Weberbaueri.
Stipules bilobate, the lobes commonly
approximate.
Leaves with about 18 pairs of nerves, the
blades broadly obovate . . P. obovata.
Leaves with 10-12 pairs of nerves.
Stipules 4-5 mm. long P. latifolia.
Stipules larger, usually 6-10 mm. long.
FLORA OF PERU 221
Leaf blades acuminate.
P. amethystina.
Leaf blades rounded and apiculate
at the apex P. Haenkeana.
Palicourea amethystina (R. & P.) DC. Prodr. 4: 527. 1830.
Psychotria amethystina R. & P. Fl. 2: 57. pi. 203, f. b. 1799.
A shrub*2-3 meters high, or reported even as a tree of 4.5 meters,
the stout branchlets villosulous at first but soon glabrate; stipule
sheath loose, 5-8 mm. long, the shorter lobes narrowly triangular,
usually obtuse; leaves short-petiolate, coriaceous, elliptic to lance-
oblong, 10-16 cm. long, acute or acuminate, acute at the base,
short- villous or pilose beneath on the veins; panicles pedunculate,
thyrsoid or narrowly pyramidal, many-flowered, the short, stout
branches spreading or somewhat reflexed, pilose or glabrate; calyx
lobes minute, obtuse; corolla blue or purplish, glabrous, 8-12 mm.
long; fruit oval, purple or black. Neg. 531.
Huanuco Described from Pillao and Huasahuasi, Ruiz &
Pavdn (two specimens of authentic material seen in hb. Kew., also
photos, and fragments from hb. Berol.). Yanano, 1,800 meters,
3719. Mufia, trail to Tambo de Vaca, 2,400 meters, 4299. Muna,
1,800-2,400 meters, Pearce in 1863. Junin: Porvenir, 1,500-1,900
meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 25944- Bolivia.
Palicourea angustifolia HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 367. 1820.
A slender shrub or small tree, sometimes 5 meters high, the young
branchlets densely puberulent; stipule sheath 4-6 mm. long, the lobes
erect, equaling or longer than the sheath, linear-subulate; leaves
short-petiolate, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 6-20 cm. long, long-
acuminate, obtuse or acute at the base, puberulent or pilose beneath,
at least on the veins; panicle pedunculate, thyrsoid, open or dense,
the branches pilose or puberulent; flowers pedicellate; calyx minute,
acutely dentate; corolla 10-15 mm. long, puberulent or short-pilose,
purple or purplish ; fruit 4-5 mm. long, purple-black. Neg. 577.
Cajamarca: Tambillo, Jelski 373; Raimondi 7041 (both in hb.
Berol.). Also in Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela.
The Peruvian specimens seem referable to this common northern
species, which is not known otherwise south of the mountains of
Colombia.
Palicourea aphthosa Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 224. 1936.
A shrub 2 meters high, the young branchlets densely ochraceous-
pilosulous; stipules 3-4 mm. long, the short lobes triangular, obtuse;
222 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
leaves short-petiolate, coriaceous, the blades lance-oblong, 6-8.5
cm. long, 1.5-3 cm. wide, short-acuminate, glabrous or nearly so;
inflorescence pedunculate or sessile, leafy-bracted at the base,
thyrsoid-paniculate, dense, many-flowered, 4-7 cm. long, the branches
puberulent, the flowers sessile; calyx acutely 5-dentate; corolla
yellow, 5-6 mm. long, glabrous or glabrate, the lobes slightly shorter
than the tube. .
Huanuco: Mountains southwest of Monzon, 2,500-2,900 meters,
Weberbauer 3401, type.
Palicourea attenuata Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard.4:371. 1907.
A shrub 2-3 meters high, the branches glabrous; stipule sheath
2-3 mm. long, truncate, the distant lobes triangular; leaves short-
petiolate, narrowly lance-oblong, 10-30 cm. long, 3-7 cm. wide,
long-acuminate, glabrous; panicles thyrsoid, pedunculate, puberu-
lent, 6-9 cm. long, dense, the branches spreading or even reflexed,
the flowers sessile; calyx teeth minute and obscure; corolla 5 mm. long,
orange-yellow, glabrous; fruit didymous-globose, 5 mm. long, nearly
smooth.
Without locality, Mathews 1947. Also in Bolivia.
Palicourea bracteosa Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 222. 1930.
A shrub or small tree 2-6 meters high, the branches glabrous;
stipule sheath truncate, 3-4 mm. long, the lobes linear-subulate,
remote, 4-5 mm. long; leaves short-petiolate, thick-membranaceous,
the blades oblanceolate-oblong, 12-21 cm. long, 3.5-7.5 cm. wide,
abruptly acuminate, glabrous above, thinly pilosulous beneath or
glabrate; inflorescence sessile or pedunculate, depressed-cymose,
dense, 4-11 cm. wide, the branches pilosulous, the bracts purple,
oblong or obovate, the flowers sessile and finally more or less secund ;
calyx teeth broadly triangular, acutish; corolla white, densely pilose,
9 mm. long; fruit densely short-pilose.
Junin: In dense forest, Puerto Bermudez, 375 meters, Killip &
Smith 26419, type. Amazonian Brazil.
Palicourea Buchtienii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 317. 1931.
A slender shrub 1 meter high, the branches densely hirtellous;
stipules ovate, 3-8 mm. long, the lobes approximate, linear-attenuate;
leaves short-petiolate, small, the blades elliptic-oblong, 4-10 cm.
long, 1.5-4 cm. wide, acuminate, minutely soft-puberulent; inflores-
cences pedunculate, corymbiform, 3-5.5 cm. wide, densely many-
flowered, the branches divaricate or ascending, hirtellous, the
FLORA OF PERU 223
flowers sessile or short-pedicellate; calyx lobes acute; corolla 12 mm.
long, sparsely villosulous, blue; fruit villosulous, 4 mm. long.
Junin: Mountains west of Huacapistana, 2,700 meters, Weber-
bauer 2280. Rio Masamerich, 2,500 meters, Weberbauer 6674.
Bolivia.
Palicourea caerulea (R. & P.) R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 194. 1819.
Psychotria caerulea R. & P. Fl. 2: 62. pi. 213, f. b. 1799.
A glabrous shrub; stipules ovate, entire; leaves opposite, short-
petiolate, lanceolate, long-acuminate, acute at the base, large;
panicles sessile, open, many-flowered, the branches spreading or
ascending, the bracts ovate; flowers sessile in dense clusters; calyx
minute, 5-dentate; corolla funnelform, 12 mm. long, yellowish; fruit
blue.
Junin: The species was based upon a drawing of a plant growing
at Vitoc, sent by Tafalla to Ruiz and Pavon.
The species is not included in the key. If the original descrip-
tion and illustration are correct in ascribing entire stipules to the
plant, it is not a species of Palicourea, and the illustration suggests a
Psychotria. Since probably no specimen of the species was preserved,
it is likely to remain unplaced.
Palicourea charianthema Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 226. 1930.
A slender shrub 1-3.5 meters high, the branchlets minutely
puberulent; stipule sheath truncate, the linear, acute lobes 1-1.5
mm. long; leaves membranaceous, short-petiolate, the blades green
when dried, oblong-lanceolate, 8-15 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, long-
acuminate, glabrous above, minutely pilose beneath along the
costa or glabrous, with about 12 pairs of nerves; inflorescence long-
pedunculate, apparently pendent or recurved, raceme-like or spike-
like, 10-22 cm. long and scarcely 2 cm. wide, the rachis puberulent,
the flowers pedicellate; calyx lobes acute or acuminate; corolla 15
mm. long, sparsely short-pilose.
Loreto: Banks of Rio Itaya above Iquitos, 110 meters, wooded
banks, Killip & Smith 29895, type. Paraiso, Williams 3302. Iquitos,
in forest, Williams 3678; Killip & Smith 27187, 27012. Pena
Blanca, Killip & Smith 29658. Amazonian Brazil.
The inflorescence is variously described as light or dark red or
as orange-red. The species is related to P. macrobotrys, but differs
conspicuously in its exceedingly narrow inflorescence.
224 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Palicourea chlorocaerulea Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 339. 1908.
A shrub 3 meters high, the branches more or less ferruginous-
pilosulous; stipule lobes triangular, acute, slightly shorter than
the tube; leaves short-petiolate, coriaceous, brownish when dried,
the blades obovate or obovate-lanceolate, 8-13 cm. long, 3.5-5 cm.
wide, acuminate, paler and sparsely short-pilose beneath, especially
on the veins; panicle pyramidal, 8-10 cm. long, pedunculate, open,
the stiff branches puberulent, the flowers short-pedicellate; calyx
minute, 5-dentate; corolla greenish blue, minutely puberulent or
almost glabrous, 6-8 mm. long; fruit 4-5 mm. long. Neg. 581.
Cajamarca: Tambillo, Raimondi 6189. Huanuco: Mountains
southwest of Monson, 2,500-2,900 meters, Weberbauer 3406 (photo,
and fragm. of type seen, ex hb. Berol.).
Palicourea chrysotricha (Zahlbr.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot.
11: 226. 1936. Psychotria chrysotricha Zahlbr. Ann. Naturh. Hofmus.
Wien7: 1. 1892.
Branchlets short-pilose; stipule sheath 4-7 mm. long, the lobes
short, subulate, remote; leaves on short, slender petioles, thick-
membranaceous, the blades elliptic or oblong, 20-25 cm. long, 8-11
cm. wide, sparsely short-pilose beneath, the nerves about 20 pairs;
inflorescence pedunculate, narrowly pyramidal-paniculate, 20 cm.
long, open, short-pilose with golden hairs; calyx teeth broadly ovate,
acutish; corolla bluish, short-villosulous, 7-8 mm. long. Neg. 582.
Cajamarca: Tambillo, Jelski 374, type collection (photo, and
fragm. seen, ex hb. Berol.); Raimondi 4773.
Palicourea condensata Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 224. 1930.
P. pachycalyx Standl. loc. cit.
A shrub or small tree, 6 meters high or less, the branchlets
glabrous, stout; stipule lobes 8 mm. long, oblong, obtuse; leaves large,
short-petiolate, membranaceous, the blades elliptic or oblong-elliptic,
blackish green when dried, 20-34 cm. long, 9-15 cm. wide, very
shortly acuminate, glabrous, with 13-17 pairs of nerves; inflorescence
pedunculate, cymose-paniculate or broadly thyrsoid, dense and
many-flowered, the stout and often angled branches bright red,
puberulent, the bracts linear or oblong, the flowers on short, thick
pedicels; hypanthium glabrous or minutely puberulent; calyx lobes
short, obtuse; corolla rose or purplish red, 16 mm. long, thick,
densely villous-tomentose; fruit 6-9 mm. long. Neg. 587.
Loreto: Yurimaguas, 135 meters, in woods, Killip & Smith 28048
(type), 27607; Williams 3800, 7834. Iquitos, Williams 8002;
FLORA OF PERU 225
Killip & Smith 27225. Middle Rio Blanco, Tessmann 3027. Lower
Nanay, Williams 440. Punchana, in forest, Williams 3754. Mishu-
yacu, Klug 50. Mainas, Poeppig (photo, ex hb. Berol.). Balsapuerto,
150-350 meters, Killip & Smith 28571. San Lorenzo, Killip &
Smith 29208. Caballo-cocha, in forest, Williams 2078 (type of P.
pachycalyx). Rancho Indiana, 110 meters, border of forest, Mexia
6441 a. Rio Putumayo, Klug 1628. Paraiso, Williams 3284- Santa
Rosa, Killip & Smith 28952. San Martin: Near Tarapoto, Spruce
4150. Lamas, Williams 6338. San Roque, in forest, Williams
6985. Without locality, Mathews 1490. Also in Brazil and Bolivia.
The species is close to P. lasiantha, with which I have confused
it in naming collections, but it appears fairly distinct by the char-
acters given in the key. The corolla ordinarily is much thicker and
stouter than in P. lasiantha.
Palicourea consobrina Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 339. 1929.
A slender shrub with glabrous branchlets; stipule sheath 2-3
mm. long, the linear lobes half as long; leaves small, green when
dried, short-petiolate, membranaceous, the blades elliptic-oblong
or lance-oblong, 3.5-6 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, long-acuminate,
minutely scaberulous above, appressed-pilosulous beneath, especially
on the veins; inflorescence red, slender-pedunculate, dense and few-
flowered, 1-1.5 cm. long and broad, the lowest bracts often folia-
ceous, the flowers crowded, pedicellate; calyx lobes oblong-linear,
3.5-4.5 mm. long; corolla purple, 9 mm. long, glabrous.
Cuzco: In forest, Pillahuata, Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 2,300 meters,
Pennell 13988, type.
Palicourea corymbifera (Muell. Arg.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot.
7: 127. 1930. Psychotria corymbifera Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras.
6, pt. 5: 247. pi. 35. 1881.
A shrub or tree 2-7.5 meters high, the branches glabrous; leaves
quaternate, short-petiolate, thick-membranaceous, more or less
lustrous; stipule sheath short, with minute teeth; blades elliptic-
oblong to linear-lanceolate, 15-30 cm. long, long-acuminate, minutely
puberulent on the veins or almost glabrous; inflorescence fastigiate,
umbelliform, 6-11 cm. broad, the lowest branches verticillate, yellow,
suberect, finely puberulent; calyx very minutely denticulate; corolla
violet or red, 8 mm. long, minutely puberulent or almost glabrous;
fruit 5 mm. broad.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, in forest, Klug 1311. Also in Amazonian
Brazil, Venezuela, and French Guiana.
226 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Palicourea crocea (Sw.) R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 193. 1819. Psy-
chotria crocea Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 44. 1788. Psychotria thyr-
siflora R. & P. Fl. 2: 57. pi. 204, / b. 1799. Palicourea thyrsiflora
DC. Prodr. 4: 528. 1830.
A slender, nearly glabrous shrub or small tree, sometimes 7.5
meters high, with a trunk 7.5 cm. in diameter; stipules 3-5 mm. long,
the short lobes linear or subulate; leaves short-petiolate, green when
dried, firm-membranaceous, the blades ovate-oblong or elliptic-
oblong, 6-15 cm. long, acuminate, glabrous or nearly so; panicles
sessile or pedunculate, pyramidal, many-flowered, open, the ascend-
ing or spreading branches glabrous or minutely puberulent, the
bracts minute; flowers usually long-pedicellate; calyx lobes minute,
ovate or rounded; corolla yellow to orange or red, 8-12 mm. long,
glabrous; fruit 4-5 mm. long. Neg. 643.
Ayacucho: Carrapa, 1,500 meters, Killip & Smith 30672, 22358,
23203. Huanuco: Type of Psychotria thyrsiflora from Cochero;
photo, seen of specimen in hb. Berol. Casapi, Fielding 447. Pampa-
yacu, Sawada 24- Junin: Pangoa, Mathews 1167. Chanchamayo
Valley, 1,200 meters, Schunke 285. Enenas, 1,700 meters, dense
forest, Killip & Smith 25729, 25750. Yapas, 1,500 meters, Killip
& Smith 25594. Rio Pinedo, Killip & Smith 23658. Loreto:
Sierra del Pongo, 650 meters, Mexia 6271. San Martin: San Roque,
Williams 7528, 6949, 7051. Moyobamba, Weberbauer 4553. Widely
distributed in tropical America, from Bolivia and Argentina north-
ward.
Palicourea cymosa (R. & P.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 226.
1936. Psychotria cymosa R. & P. Fl. 2: 59. pi. 206, f. b. 1799.
A nearly glabrous shrub; stipules biparted, the lobes remote,
linear-subulate; leaves petiolate, firm-membranaceous, the blades
elliptic-oblong, acuminate, acute at the base, glabrous; inflorescence
pedunculate, cymose-paniculate, short and dense, .the bracts subu-
late to oblong; calyx lobes 5, subulate to oblong, elongate; fruit oval,
violet. Neg. 502.
Huanuco: Described from Chacahuasi and Pampamarca, near
Pillao, Ruiz & Pawn (photo, and fragm. seen, ex hb. Berol.). Rio
Huallaga near Cochero, in forest, Poeppig 1739.
Psychotria flavescens HBK. was ascribed doubtfully to Peru,
but it appears to be rather an Ecuadorian species.
Palicourea Haenkeana DC. Prodr. 4: 530. 1830. Cinchona
Haenkeana Bartl. ex DC. loc. cit. in syn.
FLORA OF PERU 227
Stipules triangular, acute; leaves petiolate, oval, about 21 cm.
long and 10.5 cm. wide, rounded and shortly produced at the apex,
abruptly contracted at the base, thin, pilose beneath, especially
along the nerves, with about 11 pairs of nerves, these conspicuous,
the lowers ones divergent at almost a right angle, the upper at an
acute angle, the veins prominent and reticulate; panicle pedunculate,
thyrsoid-pyramidal, 14 cm. long, the rachis very stout, the branches
ascending or spreading, the flowers pedicellate; bracts deciduous;
corolla purplish, glabrous, 8 mm. long.
Type from "Peruviae montanis Oronoccensibus" (probably
Huanuco), collected by Haenke.
The only material I have seen is a specimen in the herbarium of
the Missouri Botanical Garden, which apparently is an authentic
one from the Bernhardi Herbarium. The plant represented is
probably only a somewhat abnormal form of P. amethystina, and
therefore was collected in the mountains of Peru. The leaves
there is a single one with the specimen mentioned appear to be
somewhat abnormal. In Palicourea the leaves nearly always are
acute or acuminate.
Palicourea Herrerae Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 339. 1929.
A shrub or small tree, the slender branches short-hispidulous;
stipule sheath 2-3 mm. long, the lobes narrowly triangular, acute,
1 mm. long; leaves small, green, short-petiolate, firm-membranaceous,
the blades elliptic-oblong, 4.5-6 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, long-
acuminate, scabrous above, whitish-hispidulous beneath; inflores-
cence cymose-paniculate, dense, few-flowered, 1-2 cm. long and wide,
the branches hispidulous, the bracts subulate; flowers sessile or sub-
sessile; calyx lobes lance-oblong, acuminate; corolla purple, 10 mm.
long, hispidulous; fruit 5 mm. long, sparsely pilose.
Cuzco: Thicket above Pillahuata, Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 2,800-
3,100 meters, Pennell 14130, type.
Palicourea Jelskii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 221. 1930.
A tree, the branchlets minutely puberulent; stipules 1 cm. long,
bifid, the lobes broadly lance-oblong, acute; leaves slender-petiolate,
firm, the blades narrowly oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, 11-12 cm.
long, 3-4 cm. wide, acute or short-acuminate, glabrous, with 15
pairs of nerves; inflorescence sessile or short-pedunculate, dense,
2-2.5 cm. long, composed of few dense, racemose heads, the branches
glabrous, the flowers sessile; calyx lobes obtuse or rounded; corolla
in bud only 3. 5 mm. long, glabrous, minutely 5-tuberculate at the apex.
228 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Cajamarca: Tambillo, Jelski 357, type; Raimondi 4^962.
The plant may be more properly referable to the genus Psychotria.
Palicourea Kanehirae Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 337. 1929.
A small tree, the branches densely long-pilose; stipules oblong,
2.5-3.8 cm. long, shallowly bilobate, the lobes acute; leaves petio-
late, the blades broadly elliptic or rounded-obovate, 14-21 cm.
long, 9-12 cm. wide, rounded and cuspidate at the apex, narrowed
and obtuse at the base, hispidulous or glabrate above, densely short-
hirsute beneath, with about 19 pairs of nerves; inflorescence pedun-
culate, pyramidal-paniculate, 9-11 cm. long, the branches densely
pilose, the flowers pedicellate; calyx lobes 2.5-3.5 mm. long, oblong
or ovate, obtuse or subacute; corolla 9 mm. long, sparsely pilosulous.
Huanuco: Pampayacu, Kanehira 18, type.
Palicourea Klugii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 228. 1936.
A tree 5 meters high, almost wholly glabrous; stipules 6-8 mm.
long, bilobate, the lobes very obtuse; leaves short-petiolate, blackish
when dried, firm, the blades lance-oblong, 24-35 cm. long, 8-12 cm.
wide, short-acuminate, with about 14 pairs of nerves; inflorescence
globose-thyrsoid, short-pedunculate, dense, many-flowered, 6 cm.
long, the pedicels mostly 1-1.5 cm. long; calyx annuliform, obsoletely
denticulate; corolla lilac, glabrous, 17 mm. long.
Loreto: Florida, Rio Putumayo, 200 meters, in forest, Klug
1977, type.
The collector reports the vernacular name as "parinari," but
this probably is an error.
Palicourea lachnantha Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 228. 1936.
A shrub 4 meters high, the branches glabrous or nearly so;
stipules 8-10 mm. long, bifid almost to the base, the lobes linear-
lanceolate, attenuate; leaves large, blackish when dried, firm-
membranaceous, short-petiolate, the blades lance-oblong, 22-25
cm. long, 7-8 cm. wide, puberulent above on the veins, short-pilose
beneath on the veins, the nerves about 15 pairs; inflorescence
cymose, short-pedunculate, densely many-flowered, about 5 cm.
long, the branches densely pilose, the flowers sessile or short-pedi-
cellate; hypanthium villous; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, villous,
3 mm. long; corolla 2.5 cm. long, densely long-pilose, red-violet.
Loreto: Florida, Rio Putumayo, 200 meters, in forest, Klug
1973, type.
FLORA OF PERU 229
Palicourea lasiantha Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 341. 1908. P.
irrasiflora Wernham, Journ. Bot. 55: 280. 1917.
A shrub 1-2 meters high, nearly glabrous; stipules 4-7 mm. long,
bifid, the lobes rounded; leaves large, rather firm, often blackish
when dried, petiolate, oblong to elliptic, chiefly 20-30 cm. long,
short-acuminate, glabrous or nearly so; inflorescence thyrsoid-
paniculate, large, usually open, long-pedunculate, the branches
spreading or ascending, puberulent or glabrate, the flowers pedi-
cellate; calyx lobes ovate, acutish; corolla purple or pink, 1.5-2
cm. long, densely villous-tomentose. Neg. 609.
Huanuco: Between Monson and Rio Huallaga, open forest, 600
meters, Weberbauer 3599, type (photo, and fragm. seen, ex hb.
Berol.). Junfn: La Merced, 600-1,200 meters, 5497, 5737. Chan-
chamayo Valley, 1,000-1,500 meters, Schunke 333, 1735, 430.
Loreto: Masisea, 275 meters, open woods, Killip & Smith 26836.
Pampa de Sacramento, Castelnau in 1847. Puno: Raimondi 10975.
Also in Bolivia.
Killip and Smith report the vernacular name as "jaboncillo,"
and state that the leaves are "used as a soap," a report that probably
is not applicable to the present plant.
Palicourea lasiophylla Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 340. 1908.
P. villosiflora Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 222. 1930.
A shrub or tree 2-10 meters high, the young branches fulvous-
pilose; stipule sheath 4-5 mm. long, the lobes lance-linear, 7-8 mm.
long; leaves green when dried, firm, short-petiolate, the blades lance-
oblong, 12-30 cm. long, 4-7 cm. wide, acuminate, rough-pilosulous
above, pilose beneath, with about 18 pairs of nerves; inflorescence
pedunculate, depressed-cymose, dense and many-flowered, 5 cm.
wide, the branches villous-pilose, the bracts linear, the flowers
sessile; calyx teeth triangular, acute; corolla white or pink, 10-16
mm. long, densely villous. Neg. 607.
Cajamarca: Tambillo, Raimondi 5899. Junin: Schunke Haci-
enda above San Ramon, 1,500 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith
24568, type of P. villosiflora. Loreto: Mountains north of Moyo-
bamba, in forest and thickets, 1,400 meters, Weberbauer 4643, type
(photo, and fragm. seen, ex hb. Berol.). San Martin: Zepelacio,
1,200-1,600 meters, mountain forest, Klug 3424; a shrub of 2
meters; flowers dark violet.
230 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Palicourea latifolia Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 338. 1908.
A shrub or small tree 5 meters high, the branchlets sparsely
puberulent; stipules broadly ovate, 4-5 mm. long, incised at the
apex; leaves slender-petiolate, firm-herbaceous, the blades obovate-
elliptic, 14-17 cm. long, 7-10 cm. wide, short-acuminate, sparsely
short-pilose beneath, especially on the veins; panicles pedunculate,
pyramidal, 20 cm. long or less, lax, the branches sparsely puberu-
lent, the flowers short-pedicellate; calyx minute, obsoletely den-
ticulate; corolla blue, 12 mm. long, glabrous. Neg. 606.
Huanuco: Mountains southwest of Monson, 1,700 meters,
Weberbauer 3564, type (photo, and fragm. seen, ex hb. Berol.).
Probably only a form of P. amethystina.
Palicourea laxa (R. & P.) R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 195. 1819.
Psychotria laxa R. & P. Fl. 2: 61. pi. 212, /. b. 1799. Psychotria
luteo-virens Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 208. 1805.
A glabrous shrub; stipules short, bifid, the lobes ovate, obtuse;
leaves short-petiolate, oblong-elliptic, large, acuminate, at the base
acute or obtuse; panicles elongate, pedunculate, recurved in fruit,
the primary bracts foliaceous, lanceolate, the flowers pedicellate;
calyx minute, 5-dentate; corolla yellowish green, slender, funnel-
form; fruit purplish green, ovoid, subdidymous.
Based upon a drawing and description sent to Ruiz and Pavon
by Tafalla from San Antonio de Playa Grande.
In spite of the description of the plant as glabrous, it seems
probable, after examination of the plate, that this is a synonym of
Palicourea macrobotrys. Since probably no specimen of the species
is preserved, it will be difficult to place it satisfactorily. It is not
included in the key.
Palicourea Lechleri Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 338. 1929.
A shrub, the branchlets densely short-pilose; stipule sheath 1-2
mm. long, the lobes linear; leaves short-petiolate, coriaceous, yel-
lowish green when dried, the blades elliptic-oblong or ovate-oblong,
3-5 cm. long, 1.5-2 cm. wide, long-acuminate, acute or obtuse at
the base, minutely scaberulous above, hispidulous beneath; inflores-
cence sessile or short-pedunculate, cymose-corymbose, 1.5-2 cm.
long, densely few-flowered, the branches yellow-hispidulous, the
flowers sessile or subsessile; hypanthium hispidulous; calyx lobes
oblong, obtuse; fruit glabrate, 3-3.5 mm. long.
Puno: Tatanara, Lechler 2610, type.
FLORA OF PERU 231
Palicourea levis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 336. 1929.
A shrub or tree 2-6 meters high, the branches glabrous or min-
utely puberulent; stipule sheath 1.5-2.5 mm. long, the lobes linear or
triangular, 1.5-2 mm. long; leaves short-petiolate, firm-membrana-
ceous, the blades oblong or elliptic-oblong, 6-11 cm. long, 2-4 cm.
wide, acute or short-acuminate, obtuse or abruptly contracted at
the base, sometimes minutely barbate beneath in the axils of the
nerves, otherwise glabrous; inflorescence small, dense, many-flow-
ered, pedunculate or sessile, thyrsoid-paniculate, 3-7 cm. long, the
branches minutely puberulent or hirtellous, the flowers sessile,
congested; calyx teeth short, obtuse; corolla white or yellowish,
minutely puberulent, 5-6 mm. long; fruit 6 mm. broad, didymous,
glabrous.
Ayacucho(?): Huaicani, 3,000-3,300 meters, Pearce in 1866.
San Martin: Mount Guairapurina, near Tarapoto, Spruce 4062,
type. Also in Ecuador.
Palicourea longistipula Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 336. 1929.
Branchlets glabrous, or the youngest bifariously pilosulous;
stipules 2-3.5 cm. long, bifid, the segments semiovate, acuminate;
leaves short-petiolate, coriaceous, the blades elliptic or oblong-
elliptic, 11-18 cm. long, 4-9 cm. wide, long-acuminate, yellowish
green, sparsely scaberulous above, hispidulous beneath on the veins;
inflorescence thyrsoid-paniculate, pedunculate, 5 cm. long, dense,
the branches hispidulous, the flowers sessile, densely congested;
calyx lobes minute, acute; corolla 5-6 mm. long, sparsely puberulent
or glabrate.
Puno: Tatanara, Lechler 2622, type.
Palicourea lucentifolia Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 223. 1930.
A shrub, glabrous outside the inflorescence; stipule sheath
truncate, the linear-attenuate lobes 4-5 mm. long; leaves opposite,
almost sessile, firm-membranaceous, lustrous, yellow-green, lance-
oblong or narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 10-18 cm. long, 3.5-5.5 cm.
wide, long-acuminate; inflorescence corymbose, umbelliform, long-
pedunculate, 10 cm. broad, the fastigiate branches suberect, min-
utely puberulent; bracts linear or subulate, 4-10 mm. long, the
flowers more or less secund, sessile or short-pedicellate; calyx minute,
obsoletely denticulate.
Loreto: Edge of forest, La Victoria on the Amazon, Williams
2906, type.
232 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Palicourea lucidula Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 225. 1930.
A shrub with glabrous branches; stipule sheath 1.5-2.5 mm.
long, the lobes remote, linear-subulate, 4-5 mm. long; leaves very
shortly petiolate, bright green, membranaceous, the blades elliptic-
oblong, 29-32 cm. long, 11 cm. wide, acuminate, glabrous, with
about 20 pairs of nerves; inflorescence cymose-paniculate, fastigi-
ately branched, dense, long-pedunculate, 6 cm. long, the thick
branches minutely puberulent or almost glabrous, the bracts folia-
ceous, lanceolate or narrowly spatulate, 5-10 mm. long, the flowers
sessile or short-pedicellate, more or less secund; fruit globose or
somewhat didymous, 4-5.5 mm. wide, glabrous, the carpels almost
smooth.
Loreto: Santa Rosa, 135 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith
28816, type. Between Yurimaguas and Balsapuerto, dense forest,
Killip & Smith 28089.
Branches and bracts reddish brown to purple.
Palicourea Macbridei Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 338. 1929.
A shrub or small tree, the stout branchlets glabrous; stipules
2-3.5 cm. long, ovate, acuminate, cordate at the base; leaves short-
petiolate, subcoriaceous, the blades elliptic or elliptic-oblong, 16-32
cm. long, 6-14 cm. wide, abruptly short-acuminate, glabrous above
except along the costa, brownish beneath, short-hirsute on the veins;
inflorescence thyrsoid-paniculate, pedunculate, dense, 8 cm. long,
the branches sparsely pilosulous or glabrate, the bracts ovate or
oblong, the flowers sessile or short-pedicellate; calyx lobes short,
obtuse; fruit globose, 5 mm. long, costate.
Huanuco: Cuschi, 1,500 meters, in rain forest, Macbride 4821,
type.
Flowers described as metallic purple.
Palicourea macrobotrys (R. & P.) R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 194.
1819. Psychotria macrobotrys R. & P. Fl. 2: 57. pi. 203, f. a. 1799.
Palicourea lasioneura Krause, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 50: 112.
1908. Palicourea acanthaceoides Wernham, Journ. Bot. 55: 279. 1917.
A shrub or small tree, the branches glabrous or puberulent;
stipule sheath 4 mm. long or less, truncate, the lobes subulate,
equaling or longer than the sheath ; leaves green, thin, short-petiolate,
usually large, the blades oblong to ovate-oblong or lance-oblong,
long-acuminate, usually finely and softly pubescent beneath over
the whole surface, the veins inconspicuous; inflorescence elongate-
FLORA OF PERU 233
thyrsoid-paniculate, sessile or pedunculate, often pendent, the short,
spreading branches puberulent, the flowers pedicellate; calyx lobes
minute, acute; corolla about 1 cm. long, short-pilose, yellow or
tinged with red ; fruit purplish black, 4-5 mm. long. Neg. 608.
Ayacucho: Near Kimpitiriki, 400 meters, dense forest, Killip
& Smith 23018. Estrella, 500 meters, Killip & Smith 22622
Cuzco: Colpani, Urubamba Valley, 1,500 meters, Cook & Gilbert
1046. Quebrada de Quispicanchi, 3,250 meters, Herrera 2612.
Huanuco: Type from Cochero and Chinchao, Ruiz & Pavdn (photo,
seen ex hb. Berol.). Casapi, Mathews 1947, 1946 (type collection
of P. acanthaceoides). Posuso, 600 meters, 4599. Pampayacu,
Kanehira 109. Junin: Vitoc, McLean. Valley of Mararioch, near
Tarma, Philippi. Rio Perene", Killip & Smith 25143. La Merced,
700 meters, Killip & Smith 23471, 23937. Rio Paucartambo Valley,
700 meters, Killip & Smith 25286. Puerto Yessup, dense forest,
400 meters, Killip & Smith 26231. Loreto: Rancho Indiana, Mexia
6422. Puno: Chunchusmayo, Weberbauer 1190. San Martin:
Tarapoto, Williams 6571; Ule 6629, type of P. lasioneura (photo,
and fragm. seen, ex hb. Berol.). San Roque, in forest, Williams
7787, 7000. Lamas, Williams 6410. Without locality: McLean;
Mathews 1945. Bolivia to Brazil and Colombia. "Quillo-sisa."
The branches of the inflorescence are pink or red.
Palicourea macrophylla (HBK.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7:
321. 1931. Nonatelia macrophylla HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3:
423. 1819.
A shrub or tree 3.5-7.5 meters high with glabrous branches;
stipules short, obtusely bilobate; leaves large, often somewhat
blackened in drying, petiolate, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, mostly
17-25 cm. long and 10-16 cm. wide, abruptly short-acuminate, acute
to rounded at the base, glabrous above, beneath glabrous or sparsely
pubescent; inflorescence long-pedunculate, large, rather dense,
thyrsiform-paniculate, the branches puberulent, the flowers pedi-
cellate; calyx teeth acute; corolla 1 cm. long, yellow, or with yellow
lobes and white tube, densely puberulent; fruit purple, subglobose,
4-5-celled.
Junin: Between Azupizu and Santa Rosa, 625 meters, dense
forest, Killip & Smith 26142. Puerto Bermudez, 375 meters,
Killip & Smith 26613. San Nicolas, 1,100 meters, Killip & Smith
26080. Loreto: Above Pongo de Manseriche, Mexia 6225. Bolivia
to Brazil, British Guiana, and Venezuela.
234 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Palicourea mitis (R. & P.) DC. Prodr. 4: 527. 1830. Psycho-
tria mitis R. & P. Fl. 2: 60. pi. 208, f. b. 1799.
A shrub 4 meters high or less; stipules shallowly bilobate, the
lobes rounded, appressed; leaves short-petiolate, subcoriaceous,
brownish or yellowish when dried, the blades obovate or lance-
oblong, medium-sized, acuminate, acute at the base, minutely
appressed-pilose above and soft to the touch, beneath glabrous
except along the costa, there sparsely pilose, the veins prominent and
reticulate; panicles sessile or pedunculate, large and broad, open,
the bracts subulate, the flowers sessile; calyx minute, 5-dentate;
corolla yellow, about 1 cm. long, minutely and sparsely sericeous
outside or glabrate; fruit oval, 4-5 mm. long, glabrous. Neg. 25808.
Cajamarca: Between Chuto and Cutervo, Jelski 378. Ama-
zonas: Entrada al valle de Huayabamba, Chachapoyas, Raimondi
297. Huanuco: Type from Chacahuasi, near Pillao, Ruiz & Pavon
(fragm. seen, ex hb. Berol.). Junin: West of Huacapistana, 2,800
meters, Weberbauer 2278.
Palicourea nigricans Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 428. 1908,
nomen; Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 50: 112. 1908.
A nearly glabrous shrub or tree 3-6 meters high; stipules united
into a sheath 3 mm. long, bilobate, the lobes broadly ovate, obtuse;
leaves large, firm, usually blackening in drying, petiolate, the blades
ovate-oblong to broadly elliptic or oval, 12-24 cm. long, 5-9 cm.
wide, or larger, acuminate, acutish to rounded at the base, glabrous;
panicles pedunculate, small, dense and compact, thyrsiform-pan-
iculate, usually as broad as long, the branches ascending or spreading,
glabrate; calyx teeth minute, acute; corolla dark blue, 12-15 mm.
long, minutely papillose. Neg. 618.
Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1,200-1,500 meters, Schunke 339,
1375 (form with narrow leaves; perhaps distinct). Loreto: Cerro
de Escalera, 1,200 meters, Ule 6772, type (photo, and fragm. seen,
ex hb. Berol.). Yurimaguas, edge of forest, Williams 3799, 4682.
Santa Rosa, forest, Williams 4828. San Martin: Mainas Alto,
Poeppig. Zepelacio, 1,200-1,600 meters, mountain forest, Klug 3406.
Rio Mayo, Spruce 4437. Also in Amazonian Brazil and Venezuela.
Palicourea obovata (R. & P.) DC. Prodr. 4: 527. 1830. Psy-
chotria obovata R. & P. Fl. 2: 58. pi. 204, / a. 1799. Psychotria hya-
cinthiflora R. & P. op. cit. 62. pi. 213, f. a. 1799. Psychotria hya-
cinthoides Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 208. 1805. Palicourea hyacinthiflora R.
& S. Syst. Veg. 5: 194. 1819.
FLORA OF PERU 235
A shrub or tree, sometimes 7.5 meters high, the branches glabrous;
stipules bilobate, the lobes short, obtuse or rounded; leaves short-
petiolate, coriaceous, yellowish green when dried, the blades elliptic
to broadly obovate, often as much as 20 cm. long and 12 cm. wide,
rounded and obtusely produced at the apex, cuneate at the base,
more or less pilose beneath on the veins or glabrate, the nerves
prominent; inflorescence short-pedunculate, narrowly pyramidal-
paniculate, the stout branches spreading or even somewhat reflexed,
glabrous or short-pilose; calyx with short, broad, rounded lobes;
corolla blue or purple, about 13 mm. long, glabrous, the lobes spread-
ing or reflexed ; fruit globose, purple. Negs. 533, 597.
Huanuco: Described from forests of Chinchao and Pillao, Ruiz
& Pavdn; photo, and fragm. of presumably authentic material seen,
ex hb. Berol. P. hyacinthiflora was based upon a drawing sent by
Tafalla from Chicoplaya to Ruiz and Pa von; a specimen collected
by Ruiz and labeled Psychotria hyacinthiflora is in hb. Berol., a
photo, in hb. Field Mus. Junin: Dos de Mayo, 1,800 meters, dense
forest, Killip & Smith 25790. San Martin: Tocache, Poeppig
1996.
Palicourea paraensis (Muell. Arg.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11:
226. 1936. Psychotria paraensis Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6,
pt. 5:245. 1881.
A slender shrub 2-3.5 meters high, the branches glabrous; stip-
ules small, the short lobes triangular-subulate; leaves petiolate,
membranaceous, green or blackish when dried, the blades oblong
or lance-oblong, 5-14 cm. long, acute or acuminate, glabrous, some-
times slightly lustrous beneath, with 9-11 pairs of nerves; panicles
short and ovoid or somewhat elongate, rather open, the branches
glabrous or nearly so; calyx lobes minute, triangular, acute, usually
rather conspicuously unequal; corolla red or orange, puberulent
at the apex in bud, otherwise glabrous. Neg. 6096.
Loreto: San Antonio, Williams 3359. Caballo-cocha, in forest,
Williams 2472, 2275, 2287. La Victoria, in or at edge of forest,
Williams 2725, 2901. Rio Itaya, Killip & Smith 29538. Pebas,
Williams 1841. Rio Putumayo, in clearing, Klug 1623. Also in
Amazonian Brazil.
Psychotria subscandens Muell. Arg. probably is not distinct.
Palicourea perquadrangularis Wernham, Journ. Bot. 55:
341. 1917.
236 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
This species, which is common in Venezuela, was based by
Wernham upon three collections from that country. With these he
cited a specimen collected by Pearce at "Muna," believing that it
was Venezuelan. The Peruvian collection should be examined
further, in order to determine whether it really is referable to P.
perquadrangularis, a reference that is probably incorrect.
Palicourea polyneura Krause, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 8:
101. 1922.
A shrub 2 meters high with glabrous branches; stipule sheath
3-4 mm. long, the short lobes triangular-oblong, acute; leaves short-
petiolate, coriaceous, fuscous when dried, the blades obovate or
elliptic-obovate, 10-14 cm. long, 5-7 cm. wide, acuminate, pilose
beneath on the veins; panicles thyrsoid, short and dense, the branches
short-pilose, the flowers short-pedicellate; calyx lobes ovate-lan-
ceolate, acute; corolla blue, 14-19 mm. long, glabrous; fruit 4-5 mm.
long. Neg. 622.
Ayacucho: Above Yanamonte, 2,800 meters, Weberbauer 5660,
type collection.
Palicourea ponasae Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 431. 1908, nomen;
Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 50: 114. 1908.
A slender shrub 2-4 meters high, the branches glabrous; stipule
sheath short, truncate, the lobes linear-subulate; leaves slender-
petiolate, membranaceous, elliptic-oblong or ovate-elliptic, 6-7.5
cm. long, 3 cm. wide, abruptly long-acuminate, glabrous; panicles
lax, long-pedunculate, as much as 8 cm. long and usually broader,
the pedicels 6-8 mm. long; calyx teeth short; corolla pale yellow,
glabrous, 13-15 mm. long. Neg. 621.
Loreto: Cerro de Ponasa, 1,400 meters, Ule 6776, type (photo,
and fragm. seen, ex hb. Berol.).
Palicourea punicea (R. & P.) DC. Prodr. 4: 526. 1830. Psy-
chotria punicea R. & P. Fl. 2: 62. pi. 212, f. a. 1799. Palicourea
iquitoensis Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 401. 1908, nomen; Verh. Bot.
Ver. Brandenb. 50: 115. 1908.
A shrub or a slender tree, 2-7.5 meters high, the branches gla-
brous or minutely puberulent, terete; stipule sheath short, the lobes
lanceolate-attenuate, about 1 cm. long; leaves medium-sized or
large, firm-membranaceous, often blackish when dried, oblong-
ovate to oblong-lanceolate, mostly 15-25 cm. long, long-acuminate,
glabrous; inflorescence long-pedunculate, cymose-corymbose, more
FLORA OF PERU 237
or less fastigiately branched, small, dense, the flowers short-pedi-
cellate; calyx subtruncate, obsoletely crenate-dentate; corolla yel-
low or pink(?), reported also as red, glabrous, about 2 cm. long, the
lobes often margined with red, the branches of the inflorescence
orange. Negs. 624, 598.
Huanuco(?): Based upon a plate and description sent by Tafalla
from San Antonio de Playa Grande; photo, seen of specimen in hb.
Berol. labeled Psychotria punicea and collected by Ruiz. Loreto:
Type of P. iquitoensis collected near Iquitos, Ule 6237; photo, and
fragm. seen, ex hb. Berol. Middle Ucayali, Tessmann 624- Near
Iquitos, Williams 1451, 1515, 1384, 8003, 3636; Killip & Smith
26932. Mishuyacu, dense forest, Killip & Smith 29865; King 1046.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 5612, 5880. Also in Bolivia.
Palicourea punoensis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 231. 1936.
A shrub with glabrous branches; stipules bilobate, the lobes
triangular, acute; leaves short-petiolate, subcoriaceous, the blades
narrowly lance-oblong, 8-13 cm. long, 2.5-3.5 cm. wide, long-
acuminate, brownish when dried, beneath sparsely and minutely
pilosulous, or hispidulous on the costa, the nerves about 17 pairs;
inflorescence pedunculate, thyrsoid, dense, 2.5-4 cm. long, the
branches hispidulous, the flowers sessile or nearly so; calyx teeth
obtuse or acutish; corolla greenish, glabrous or sparsely hispidulous,
5-6 mm. long.
Puno: Between Tambo Yuncacoyaand Tambo Cachicachi, on the
road from Sandia to Chunchosmayo, 1,800-2,200 meters, Weber-
bauer 1143.
Palicourea Raimondii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 220. 1930.
- Branches glabrous; stipule sheath short, the lobes linear-subulate,
1 cm. long; leaves short-petiolate, thick-coriaceous, the blades
elliptic or elliptic-oval, 9-14 cm. long, 4-7 cm. wide, acute or short-
acuminate, obtuse or rounded at the base, dark brown when dried,
glabrous, the nerves about 15 pairs; inflorescence short-pedunculate,
pyramidal, cymose-paniculate, 8 cm. long, the branches sparsely
ferruginous- villosulous, the flowers sessile or nearly so; calyx shortly
obtuse-dentate; corolla yellow, in bud 3.5-4 mm. long, sparsely and
minutely villosulous.
Puno: Road from Sandia to Valle Grande, between Entre Ramos
and Yuncacoya, Raimondi 11114, type.
238 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Palicourea saligna Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 340. 1929.
A glabrous shrub or small tree; stipule sheath 1-1.5 mm. long,
truncate, the 4 remote teeth triangular, acute ; leaves short-petiolate,
firm, the blades lanceolate, 3-6 cm. long, 1-1.8 cm. wide, narrowly
attenuate-acuminate, the nerves about 8 pairs; inflorescence long-
pedunculate, corymbiform, lax, few-flowered, the flowers pedicellate;
calyx lobes rounded-ovate, apiculate; fruit 5 mm. long.
Cuzco: In forest below Pillahuata, Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 2,300
meters, Pennell 13978, type.
Palicourea sandiensis Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 337. 1908.
A shrub 3 meters high with glabrous branches; stipules short,
shallowly bifid, 4 mm. long; leaves short-petiolate, subcoriaceous,
the blades lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 10-15 cm. long, 2-3 cm.
wide, long-acuminate, long-attenuate to the base, glabrous; panicles
long-pedunculate, small, glabrous, sometimes as much as 10 cm.
long, the flowers long-pedicellate; calyx obsoletely dentate; corolla
yellow, glabrous, 12-14 mm. long; fruit globose, 4 mm. in diameter.
Neg. 630.
Puno: Between Tambo Azalaya and Tambo Ichubamba, on the
road from Sandia to Chunchosmayo, Weberbauer 1111, type (photo,
in hb. Field Mus.). Sandia, Raimondi 11118.
Palicourea stenoclada (Muell. Arg.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot.
8: 380. 1931. Psychotria stenoclada Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras.
6, pt. 5:254. 1881.
A slender shrub 1-3.5 meters high, the branches puberulent or
glabrate; stipule sheath short, the short lobes triangular and acute
or subulate; leaves short-petiolate, membranaceous, green when
dried, the blades ovate-lanceolate, 7-14 cm. long, long-acuminate,
puberulent beneath, especially on the veins, with about 10 pairs of
nerves; peduncles much elongate, the inflorescence corymbiform,
fastigiately branched, small and dense, the branches puberulent or
glabrate; calyx lobes triangular, acute; corolla yellow, with red-
margined lobes, 14-15 mm. long, glabrous; branches of the inflores-
cence orange-red. Neg. 641.
Loreto: Leticia, in forest, Williams 3052. Mishuyacu, Klug
750. Nazarete, Osgood 18, 21. "Amazonas," Ule 5127a. Yuri-
maguas, 135 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 27695. Between
Yurimaguas and Balsapuerto, Killip & Smith 28135. San Martin:
Zepelacio, Klug 3315. Also in Amazonian Brazil.
FLORA OF PERU 239
Palicourea subspicata Huber, Bol. Mus. Paraense 4: 613. 1906.
A shrub or small tree 1-7.5 meters high, glabrous outside the
inflorescence; stipules 5 mm. long, bilobate, the lobes very obtuse;
leaves large, petiolate, green or blackish when dried, the blades
membranaceous, elliptic to ovate, mostly 20-25 cm. long, acute or
short-acuminate; inflorescence long-pedunculate, spike-like or
raceme-like, elongate, puberulent, the flowers pedicellate; calyx
shallowly dentate, the lobes broad, erose; corolla variously described
as orange, scarlet, or pink, sparsely puberulent, 15 mm. long.
Junin: Puerto Yessup, 400 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith
26259. Loreto: Cerro de Canchahuaya, Huber 1415, type (photo,
and fragm. seen ex hb. Para). Recreo, in forest, Williams 4000,
3927. Between Yurimaguas and Balsapuerto, 150 meters, dense
forest, Killip & Smith 28102. Mouth of Rio Santiago, Mexia
6192a. San Martin: Pongo de Cainarachi, King 2645, 2766. Ama-
zonian Brazil.
The species is set apart from all others by its narrow, elongate
inflorescence.
Palicourea sulphurea (R. & P.) DC. Prodr. 4: 528. 1830.
Psychotria sulphurea R. & P. Fl. 2: 58. pi. 205, f. a. 1799.
A shrub, glabrous throughout or nearly so; stipules 6-10 mm.
long, shallowly bilobate, the lobes rounded; leaves petiolate, coria-
ceous, yellowish green when dried, the blades broadly obovate,
acute or abruptly short-acuminate, about 13 cm. long and 8 cm. wide;
panicles ovoid-pyramidal, large, open, the flowers short-pedicellate
or sessile; calyx lobes minute, rounded; corolla yellow, 8 mm. long;
fruit blackish. Neg. 532.
Huanuco: Described from Pillao and Iscutuna, Ruiz & Pavdn
(photo, and fragm. seen, ex hb. Berol.) Pampayacu, 1,050 meters,
5108.
Palicourea triphylla DC. Prodr. 4: 526. 1830. P. stenostachys
Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 340. 1908.
A low shrub, usually about 1 meter high, the branches terete,
glabrous or sparsely puberulent; stipule lobes linear-attenuate, about
6 mm. long; leaves ternate, almost sessile, yellowish when dried,
often subcoriaceous, oblong or lance-oblong, long-acuminate, puber-
ulent, especially beneath, or finally glabrate; inflorescence long-
pedunculate, thyrsoid-paniculate, often somewhat elongate, dense
and many-flowered, short-pilose; calyx lobes obtuse; corolla fur-
240 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
furaceous-puberulent, yellow, 12-15 mm. long; fruit black. Negs.
639, 6668.
Junin: La Merced, 600 meters, granitic cliff, 5332. Chancha-
mayo Valley, 1,200 meters, Schunke 337. Puerto Bermudez, 375
meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 26407. Loreto: Santa Ana,
Williams 1237. Palta-cocha, in forest, Williams 790, 1263. San
Martin: Type of P. stenostachys from open thickets near Moyobamba,
900 meters, Weberbauer 44-74; photo, and fragm. seen, ex hb. Berol.
Moyobamba, Mathews in 1838. San Roque, Williams 7276. Ta-
rapoto, Williams 5980. Lamas, Williams 6388. Widely distributed
in tropical America.
Easily distinguished by the ternate leaves, although all the leaves
on some specimens may be opposite.
Palicourea Weberbaueri Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 54: Beibl. 119:
40. 1916.
A shrub 2-4 meters high, with glabrous branches; stipule sheath
3 mm. long, the setiform lobes 4-5 mm. long; leaves short-petiolate,
blackish or brownish when dried, subcoriaceous, the blades ovate or
ovate-lanceolate, 6-10 cm. long, 3-4.5 cm. wide, acuminate, short-
pilose beneath on the veins; inflorescence pyramidal-corymbiform,
5-8 cm. long, pedunculate, dense, the branches glabrous or nearly
so, the flowers pedicellate; calyx lobes minute, ovate, acute; corolla
greenish blue, 9-12 mm. long, glabrous. Neg. 652.
Piura: Western slopes of the Andes above Palambla, 2,700 meters,
Weberbauer 6042, type collection.
74. PAEDERIA L.
Suffrutescent vines, ill-scented ; stipules broad, truncate, connate
with the petioles; leaves opposite, long-petiolate, membranaceous;
flowers small, cymose-paniculate, axillary and terminal, 5-parted;
calyx 5-dentate or 5-parted, persistent, the lobes equal or unequal;
corolla tubular, villous in the throat, the short lobes recurved, val-
vate in bud; stamens inserted in the corolla throat, with short fila-
ments; fruit 2-celled, dry, compressed, the thin epicarp separating
from the 1-seeded nutlets.
Paederia diffusa (Britton) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 330. 1931.
Lygodisodea foetida R. & P. Fl. 2: 48. pi. 188. 1799, non P. foetida L.
1767. Disodea foetida Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 210. 1805. Manettia diffusa
Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 18: 107. 1891. P. olens Schum. in E. & P.
FLORA OF PERU 241
Nat. Pfl. 4. Abt. 4: 125. 1897. Poederiopsis diffusa Rusby, Bull.
N. Y. Bot. Card. 4: 373. 1907.
A large, more or less woody vine, nearly glabrous; leaves on long,
slender petioles, the blades elliptic-ovate to ovate-oblong, 5.5-10
cm. long, acuminate, acute to cordate at the base; corolla deep pur-
ple or reddish, 6-8 mm. long; calyx lobes ovate, acutish; fruit oblong
to elliptic, 10-13 mm. long.
Cuzco: San Miguel, Urubamba Valley, 1,800 meters, Cook &
Gilbert 1155. Huanuco: Type material of L. foetida from Muna
and Posuso, Ruiz & Pavon. Muna, 2,100 meters, 8995. Junin:
La Merced, 600 meters, in hedgerows on sandy flat, 5316; Killip &
Smith 23460, 24054. Also in Bolivia and Argentina.
Ruiz and Pavon give the vernacular name as "yurahuanium,"
and state that the tough stems were used as a substitute for rope and
twine. The vernacular names "bejuco hediondo" and" bejuco
bianco" also are reported.
75. CORYNULA Hook. f.
Slender perennial herbs with opposite leaves; stipules 3-5-lobate;
flowers axillary, pedicellate; hypanthium turbinate; calyx 5-parted,
the lobes subulate-lanceolate, unequal ; corolla narrowly funnelform,
glabrous in the throat, the 5 lobes short, erect, obtuse, valvate;
stamens inserted in the base of the tube, the anthers exserted ; fruit
pyriform, coriaceous, 5-costate, finally separating into 2 one-
seeded cocci.
Corynula pilosa (Benth.) Hook. f. in Hook. Icon. 12: 22. pi.
1123. 1876. Mitchella pilosa Benth. PI. Hartw. 194. 1845.
Plants prostrate, branched, the slender branches pilose; leaves
short-petiolate, the blades ovate to rounded-ovate, 6-12 mm. long,
acute or acutish, abruptly contracted at the base, hispidulous
beneath; pedicels solitary, longer than the petioles; corolla about 8
mm. long; fruit 4-5 mm. long, long-attenuate at the base, appressed-
pilosulous.
Libertad: Rio Mixiollo, Weberbauer 7028. Also in Bolivia and
Ecuador.
76. GOMOZIA Mutis
Creeping, perennial herbs; stipules connate with the petioles into
a sheath, bidentate or entire and triangular; leaves small, opposite;
flowers minute, axillary, sessile; calyx truncate or dentate, persist-
ent; corolla tubular or funnelform, glabrous in the throat, the 4
242 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
lobes valvate in bud ; stamens inserted at the base of the corolla, the
filaments filiform, the anthers exserted ; fruit drupaceous, containing
two 1-seeded nutlets.
Gomozia granadensis L. f. Suppl. 129. 1781. Nertera depressa
Banks & Soland. ex Gaertn. Fruct. 1: 124. pi. 26. 1788. N. repens
R. & P. Fl. 1: 60. pi 90, f. b. 1798.
Plants small and slender, almost glabrous, forming dense, close
mats on banks and logs, the stems much branched ; leaves petiolate,
the blades rather thick, mostly 5 mm. long or less, ovate to ovate-
rounded, obtuse, puncticulate above; corolla white or greenish yel-
low; fruits bright red, juicy, 3-4 mm. long.
Ayacucho: Choimacota Valley, 3,000 meters, VVeberbauer 7535.
Cuzco: Pillahuata, Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 2,300 meters, in forest,
Pennell 13975. Huanuco: Type material of N. repens from Huasa-
huasi and Muria, Ruiz & Pawn. Six miles south of Mito, 3,000
meters, wet slope, 1833. Huacachi, 1,950 meters, in forest, ^116.
Widely distributed in the higher mountains of Central and South
America.
The plant is a handsome one when in fruit, in appearance sug-
gestive of the partridge-berry (Mitchella repens} of the United States.
77. EMMEORRHIZA Pohl
Perennials, more or less scandent, herbaceous or somewhat suf-
frutescent, the stems obtusely 4-angled; stipules united with the
petioles to form a setiferous sheath; leaves more or less plicate-
nerved; hypanthium turbinate; sepals 4, almost distinct; corolla
short-funnelform, the 4 lobes valvate; stamens long-exserted ; capsule
2-celled, coriaceous, the valves bifid at the apex; seeds spuriously
winged by the adherent, spongious placenta. The genus consists of
a single variable species.
Emmeorrhiza umbellata (Spreng.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras.
6, pt. 6: 408. 1889. Borreria umbellata Spreng. Neue Entd. 2: 144.
1821. Endlichera umbellata Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 38.
pi. 74. 1888.
A slender vine as much as 2 meters long with elongate branches,
the stems glabrous or puberulent; leaves oblong-lanceolate to ellip-
tic, 4.5-10 cm. long, acuminate, attenuate at the base to a short
petiole, yellowish green, glabrous or pubescent ; inflorescence a large,
somewhat leafy panicle, the flowers in small, many-flowered umbels;
FLORA OF PERU 243
sepals ovate-triangular or subulate; corolla white, 1-2 mm. long;
capsule obconic, glabrous or pubescent, 1.5-3 mm. long.
Ayacucho: Carrapa, 1,200 meters, wooded hillside, Kittip &
Smith 22444. Huanuco: Cuschi, 1,500 meters, sunny edge of
montana along stream, 4839. Junin: La Merced, 600 meters,
shaded river cliff, 6348; Killip & Smith 23799, 23671. Above San
Ramon, 1,400-1,700 meters, Killip & Smith 24564- Huacapistana,
1,800-2,400 meters, Kittip & Smith 24158. Chanchamayo Valley,
1,200 meters, Schunke 155, 156, 1623. Chanchamayo, Martinet
1450. Eneflas, 1,700 meters, Killip & Smith 25779. Colonia Perene",
680 meters, in thickets, Kittip & Smith 25010. San Martin: Ta-
rapoto, Spruce 4572. Bolivia and Argentina to Brazil and Colombia.
The plant may be recognized at once by its umbellate flowers
and scandent habit.
78. MITRACARPUS Zucc.
Annual or perennial herbs; stipules united with the petioles to
form a setiferous sheath; leaves opposite, commonly narrow; flowers
minute or small, in terminal or axillary heads, 4-parted; sepals 4,
unequal, connate below; corolla funnelform, the lobes valvate in
bud; stamens included or subexserted, inserted in the mouth of the
corolla; fruit 2-celled, transversely or obliquely circumscissile.
Plants perennial ; corolla much longer than the calyx . . M. frigidus.
Plants annual ; corolla not exceeding the calyx M. hirtus.
Mitracarpus frigidus (Willd.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6,
pt. 6: 81. 1888. Spermacoce frigida Willd. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 3:
531. 1818.
A stout perennial, often much branched, the quadrangular stems
puberulent or hispidulous; leaves short-petiolate or almost sessile,
lanceolate or lance-oblong, acute or acuminate, acute at the base,
pubescent, conspicuously nerved; flowers white, in very dense,
rounded, sessile, axillary and terminal heads. Neg. 909.
Cajamarca: Cutervo, Raimondi 4149; Jelski 117. Bolivia and
Brazil to the Guianas and Colombia.
Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) DC. Prodr. 4: 572. 1830. Spermacoce
hirta L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 148. 1762.
Plants annual, erect or ascending, simple or more often much
branched, usually less than 50 cm. high, the branches puberulent or
villous, slender; leaves subsessile, lanceolate to ovate-oblong, acute,
244 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
2-5 cm. long; flowers densely clustered in the leaf axils and at the
ends of the branches; corolla white, 1-2 mm. long; capsule sub-
globose, bisulcate, short-pilose, 0.8 mm. long or less. Neg. 910.
Cuzco: Hacienda Chancamayo, Herrera 2453b. Huanuco:
Huanuco, 2,100 meters, stony slopes, 3204- Junin: Chanchamayo
Valley, 1,200 meters, Schunke 1449. Puno: Sandia, Weberbauer 579.
San Martin: Tarapoto, sandy soil, Williams 6163. Without
locality : Weberbauer 6468. Generally distributed in tropical America.
79. RICHARDIA L.
Erect or prostrate annuals, usually with rough pubescence;
stipules connate with the petioles into a setiferous sheath; leaves
opposite; flowers small or rather large, densely crowded in terminal
involucrate heads; ovary 3-4-parted; sepals 4-6, more or less con-
nate at the base; corolla funnelform, the lobes valvate in bud; fruit
consisting of 3-4 indehiscent 1-seeded cocci.
Carpels of the fruit 4; sepals 4.
Bracts of the involucre linear, coriaceous, with strongly revolute
margins R. rigidifolia.
Bracts ovate, herbaceous, not or scarcely revolute. . . R. humistrata.
Carpels 3; sepals 6.
Fruit not muriculate; corolla pink R. rosea.
Fruit muriculate.
Carpels acutely carinate on the inner face R. lomensis.
Carpels sulcate on the inner face R. scabra.
Richardia humistrata (C. & S.) Steud. Norn. Bot. ed. 2. 2:
459. 1841. Richardsonia humistrata C. & S. Linnaea 3: 353. 1828.
Plants apparently perennial, with short, repent branches from
the base, the stems spreading-pilose; leaves lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate, 10-17 mm. long, acute, appressed-villous; bracts broadly
ovate; sepals ovate- triangular, acute; corolla 2 mm. long, hirsute;
carpels plane on the inner face, 2-3 mm. long.
Cajamarca: Cutervo, Raimondi 5689. Also in Brazil and Uru-
guay.
Richardia lomensis (Krause) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 386.
1931. Richardsonia lomensis Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 348. 1908.
A low annual 2-5 cm. high, hispid throughout; leaves ovate
or ovate-oblong, 1-2.5 cm. long, acuminate, contracted at the base
FLORA OF PERU 245
into a short petiole; heads few-flowered; sepals oblong, acute;
corolla white, glabrous outside, 4-4.5 mm. long; carpels 4 mm. long,
incised at the base. Neg. 855.
Arequipa: Mollendo, in sandy places, 100 meters, Weberbauer
1542 (photo, and fragm. of type seen, ex hb. Berol.).
Richardia rigidifolia (Krause) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 386.
1931. Richardsonia rigidifolia Krause, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 8:
103. 1922.
A low perennial, densely branched from the base, the stems
hispidulous or glabrate; leaves coriaceous, linear or linear-lanceolate,
12-18 mm. long; heads few-flowered; corolla greenish yellow, 3-4
mm. long; carpels normally 4, smooth and glabrous. Neg. 854.
Ayacucho: Ayacucho, on rocky cliffs, 3,100 meters, Weberbauer
5502 (photo, and fragm. of type seen, ex hb. Berol.). Junin:
Mountains east of Palca, 2,800 meters, Weberbauer 2437.
Richardia rosea (St. Hil.) Schult. f. Syst. Veg. 7: 88. 1829.
Richardsonia rosea St. Hil. PI. Usu. pi. 7. 1824.
A prostrate annual, villous or pilose throughout; leaves oblong-
lanceolate to oval, 2-5 cm. long, acute, attenuate to the base and
contracted into a short petiole; heads dense, subtended by 2 or 4
bracts; sepals subulate; corolla 5-6 mm. long, hirsute; carpels pilose,
4 mm. long. Neg. 849.
Cuzco: Hacienda Chancamayo, Herrera 2454a. Also in Brazil
and Argentina.
Richardia scabra L. Sp. PI. 330. 1753. R. pilosa R. & P. Fl.
3: 50. 1802. Richardsonia scabra St. Hil. PI. Usu. pi. 8. 1824.
A prostrate or ascending annual, often forming mats, pilose
or hispid throughout; leaves petiolate, the blades oblong or lanceo-
late, 2-9 cm. long, acute and mucronate; heads dense and few- or
many-flowered; sepals lanceolate; corolla 4-6 mm. long; carpels 2-3
mm. long.
The species is a widely distributed weed of tropical America.
I have seen no Peruvian specimens, but it is included here on the
authority of Schumann, who referred Richardia pilosa to its synon-
ymy. That species of Ruiz and Pavon was described from Cercado,
Huanuco, Chancay, and Lima. If it was found by those early col-
lectors at so many stations, it is strange that it has not been redis-
covered in recent years.
246 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
80. DIODIA L.
Annual or perennial herbs, sometimes suffrutescent at the base;
stipules united with the petioles to form a setiferous sheath; leaves
opposite, usually small and narrow; flowers minute or small, axillary
or in spicate or cymose inflorescences; sepals 2 or 4, equal or unequal ;
corolla funnelform, 4-lobate, the lobes valvate; stamens inserted in
the mouth or throat of the corolla, the anthers dorsifixed; fruit of
2 carpels, indehiscent, the carpels usually separating from the
persistent column, membranaceous to woody.
Flowers all axillary.
Stems glabrous or finely puberulent; leaves glabrous except on or
near the margins; fruit puberulent at the apex.
D. hyssopifolia.
Stems hirsute or pilose; leaves densely scabrous; fruit usually
hispid or hispidulous D. teres.
Flowers arranged in cymes or elongate spikes.
Flowers in few-flowered clusters, these arranged in cymes.
D. dichotoma.
Flowers in dense heads, these forming interrupted spikes.
D. alata.
Diodia alata Nees & Mart. Act. Soc. Nat. Cur. 12: 12. 1824.
D. palustris C. & S. Linnaea 3: 347. 1828.
A creeping perennial, nearly glabrous, the stout stems rooting,
4-angled and more or less winged on the angles; leaves subsessile,
ovate or elliptic to suborbicular, acutish, nearly glabrous above,
aculeolate beneath on the prominent nerves; flower heads sessile or
short-pedunculate, large and many-flowered, globose; corolla white,
1.5-2 mm. long; capsule glabrous, 1.5 mm. long. Neg. 6690.
Cuzco: Cosfiipata, 1,400 meters, Weberbauer. 6941. Also in
Brazil and Colombia, growing usually in wet soil.
Diodia polymorpha C. & S. var. microphylla C. & S. is reported
from Peru by Schumann (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 12. 1888), but
the record evidently is based upon a specimen from eastern Brazil.
Diodia dichotoma (HBK.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6:
11. 1888. Spermacoce dichotoma HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 348.
1819. D. glabra Willd. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 3: 532. 1818, non Pers.
1805. Borreria dichotoma C. & S. Linnaea 3: 340. 1828. Triodon
laxum Spruce ex Schum. loc. cit. in syn.
FLORA OF PERU 247
Plants small, erect, suffrutescent, usually less than 30 cm.
high, the stems branched, glabrous; leaves lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate, 1-2 cm. long, acuminate, mucronate, scabrous above,
especially toward the margin, pilosulous beneath on the veins or
glabrous; cymes trichotomous; sepals 2; corolla 2 mm. long; capsule
glabrate. Neg. 862.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews 1502. Cajamarca: Cutervo,
Raimondi 3745. Piura: Ayavaca, Humboldt & Bonpland (photo, of
type, ex hb. Berol., seen). Ranging to Ecuador.
Schumann (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 11. 1888) reports Spruce
5997 from "Peruvia orientali." The specimen of this number that
I have seen is labeled as having been collected in the Andes of
Ecuador.
Diodia hyssopifolia (Willd.) C. & S. Linnaea 3: 350. 1828.
Spermacoce hyssopifolia Willd. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 3: 532. 1819.
An erect perennial 60 cm. high or less, often densely branched,
sometimes suffrutescent below; stems dark ferruginous; leaves linear,
2-5 cm. long, acuminate, attenuate at the base, the margins often
revolute; flowers densely clustered in the leaf axils; hypanthium
pilosulous near the apex; sepals 4, subulate, acute; corolla white,
3-4 mm. long; capsule 3-4 mm. long. Negs. 6733, 864.
Loreto: Banks of the Rio Itaya above Iquitos, 110 meters, Killip
& Smith 29^02. Extending to Brazil, the Guianas, and Colombia.
Diodia teres Walt. Fl. Carol. 87. 1788. D. prostrata Sw. Prodr.
Fl. Ind. Occ. 30. 1788.
An erect annual, the stems simple or branched, usually less than
50 cm. high; leaves linear or lance-linear, 1.5-4.5 cm. long, thick-
margined, acuminate, distant, spreading or ascending; flowers
axillary, solitary or geminate, sessile or nearly so; sepals unequal;
corolla 3-4 mm. long, white or pink; fruit 3 mm. long, the carpels
rounded on the back.
Piura: Serran, southeast of Piura, Weberbauer 5987, 5979. Rang-
ing northward to the United States; common in many parts of
tropical America, usually in savannas or grassland.
81. HEMIDIODIA Schum.
Perennial herbs, sometimes suffrutescent at the base; stipules
united with the petioles into a setiferous sheath; leaves opposite;
flowers clustered in the leaf axils, sessile; sepals 4, equal, connate at
248 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
the base; corolla funnelform, the 4 lobes valvate; stamens inserted
in the mouth of the corolla, exserted ; fruit of 2 carpels, these separat-
ing from the central septum, opening near the base. The genus
consists of a single species.
Hemidiodia ocimifolia (Willd.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6,
pt. 6: 29. 1888. Spermacoce ocimifolia Willd. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg.
3: 530. 1818.
Stems often much elongate, decumbent or ascending, sparsely
puberulent or glabrate; leaves petiolate, lanceolate or lance-oblong,
3-5 cm. long or larger, acuminate, puberulent or glabrate, scabrous
on the margins, often plicate-nerved; flowers in dense, axillary
clusters; sepals ovate, acute, 0.5 mm. long; corolla white or bluish,
glabrous, 3-4 mm. long; fruit 3-4 mm. long, puberulent or glabrous.
Negs. 6713, 6738.
Cajamarca: Prov. Cantumasa, Raimondi 7526. Loreto: near
Iquitos, Williams 1370. Pebas, in forest, Williams 1952, 1581.
Rio Itaya, Williams 37, 196, 157. Paraiso, Alto Itaya, Williams
3206. San Martin: San Roque, in forest, Williams 7191, 7166,
7094. Lamas, Williams 6366. Widely distributed in tropical
America.
The plant is a common weed in many parts of the lowlands of
tropical America, often growing abundantly in cultivated ground.
82. SPERMACOCE L.
Erect or ascending annuals; stipules connate with the petioles
into a setiferous sheath; leaves opposite, herbaceous; flowers minute,
densely clustered in the leaf axils, 4-parted; sepals short-connate;
corolla funnelform, the lobes valvate in bud; stamens attached at
the base of the corolla tube, the anthers versatile; fruit dry, of 2
one-seeded carpels, these coherent by the base, one carpel opening,
the other remaining closed.
Capsule glabrous; leaves glabrous on the upper surface or scabrous
only on the margins S. glabra.
Capsule pubescent; leaves scabrous on the upper surface. .S. confusa.
Spermacoce glabra Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 82. 1803.
Plants simple or branched, erect to procumbent, the stems gla-
brous; leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 3-6
cm. long, acuminate; inflorescences many-flowered, one-sided; sepals
FLORA OF PERU 249
triangular, 1 mm. long; corolla white, 2 mm. long; capsule obovoid,
3 mm. long.
Lima: Lima, dry places, in 1862, Nation. Piura: Serran, 250
meters, Weberbauer 5987. Widely distributed in tropical America,
extending northward to the southeastern United States.
Spermacoce confusa Rendle, Journ. Bot. 74: 12. 1936. Sper-
macoce tenuior Auct., non L.
Plants erect or spreading, 60 cm. high or less, often much
branched, the stems scabrous, hispidulous, or sometimes glabrous;
leaves ovate-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 2-7 cm. long, acuminate,
scaberulous beneath; inflorescences several-flowered; sepals ovate-
triangular; corolla white or purplish, glabrous; capsule subglobose,
2 mm. long.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews. Huanuco: Huanuco, 2,100
meters, shale and gravel slopes, 3219. Generally distributed in
tropical America as a weed.
83. BORRERIA G. Mey.
Plants low, annual or perennial, sometimes suffrutescent, erect
or prostrate; stipules connate with the petioles into a setiferous
sheath; leaves often plicate-nerved, opposite; flowers small, usually
sessile in the leaf axils or in terminal heads; sepals 2 or 4, equal or
unequal, often with interposed teeth; corolla funnelform, 4-lobate;
stamens usually attached in the throat of the corolla; fruit a coria-
ceous or membranaceous capsule, 2-celled, the cells septicidal; seed
one in each cell.
Inflorescence cymose, composed of few stalked heads . .B. corymbosa.
Inflorescence of simple, bracted heads, or the flowers densely clus-
tered in the leaf axils.
Stigma bifid at the apex; plants bright yellowish green when dried.
Flowers appearing verticillate in the leaf axils . . . .B. latifolia.
Flowers not verticillate, crowded in unilateral clusters subtended
by 4 large leaves B. alata.
Stigma capitate; plants not yellow-green when dried.
Flower clusters small, about 5 mm. in diameter; a slender annual.
B. ocimoides.
Flower clusters large, mostly 8-15 mm. in diameter; plants
usually perennial.
250 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Sepals minute, broadly triangular; leaves mostly ovate or
oblong-ovate. Seeds transverse-sulcate B. laevis.
Sepals elongate, linear-subulate; leaves mostly linear to
narrowly lanceolate.
Seeds transversely sulcate; plants usually copiously pubes-
cent B. capitata.
Seeds not transversely sulcate; plants commonly almost
glabrous , B. suaveolens.
Borreria alata (Aubl.) DC. Prodr. 4: 544. 1830. Spermacoce
alata Aubl. PL Guian. 1: 60. pi. 22, f. 7. 1775.
Plants yellow-green, much branched, prostrate and rooting, the
stout branches 4-angled and more or less winged on the angles,
ciliate on the wings or glabrate; leaf blades elliptic to ovate, 2-4 cm.
long, rather thick, conspicuously nerved; flower clusters about 1 cm.
in diameter; sepals as long as the hypanthium, oblong or oblong-
lanceolate, acute; corolla 4 mm. long; capsule 2 mm. long.
Loreto: Near Iquitos, a weed in pasture, Williams 1487. Caballo-
cocha, on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 2033. Rio Itaya, Williams
139. Also in Brazil and the Guianas.
Borreria capitata (R. & P.) DC. Prodr. 4: 545. 1830. Sperma-
coce capitata R. & P. Fl. 1: 61. pi. 91, f. b. 1798.
A coarse erect perennial, 1 meter high or less, usually much
branched, the branches pubescent or tomentose; leaves mostly 3-10
cm. long, acute or acuminate, acute at the sessile base, scaberulous
above, puberulent or short-pilose beneath, plicate-nerved; flowers
densely crowded in large, terminal and axillary heads 8-16 mm. in
diameter; sepals subulate, ciliate, equaling the hypanthium; corolla
white or pinkish, 2-6 mm. long; capsule about 2 mm. long. Neg.
25583.
Huanuco: Type from Pillao and Iscutuna, Ruiz & Pawn (authen-
tic material seen, ex hb. Berol.) Junin: Chanchamayo Valley,
1,200-1,500 meters, Schunke 1574, 434, 359. San Ramon, open
hillside, 900-1,300 meters, Kittip & Smith 24787. Widely distrib-
uted in South America.
Called "poaya" and "poaya do campo" in Brazil, and said to be
used there sometimes as a substitute for ipecac.
Borreria corymbosa (R. & P.) DC. Prodr. 4: 550. 1830. Sper-
macoce corymbosa R. & P. Fl. 1: 60. pi. 91, f. a. 1798. S. peruviana
FLORA OF PERU 251
Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 124. 1805. Bigelowia corymbosa Bartl. ex DC. loc.
cit., as syn. Hedyotis spermacocea Dombey ex DC. loc. cit., as syn.
Plants erect, suffrutescent, stiff, 60 cm. high or less, the branches
glabrous; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 1-2 cm. long, acute at
each end, somewhat coriaceous, with revolute margins; flower heads
about 6-8 mm. in diameter, the flowers sessile or short-pedicellate;
sepals triangular, half as long as the hypanthium; corolla white,
2-3 mm. long, villous in the throat; capsule glabrous, obovoid or
turbinate, 2 mm. long. Neg. 873.
Huanuco: Originally described from Muna, Cormilla, and Rinco-
nada, Ruiz & Pavdn. Tambillo, 2,400 meters, rocky grassy slope,
3574- Also in Brazil, Argentina, and Bolivia.
Schumann (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 70. 1888) reports from
Peru a closely related species, B. centranthoides C. & S., but his report
is based upon a Bolivian specimen.
Borreria laevis (Lam.) Griseb. Goett. Abh. 7: 231. 1857. Sper-
macoce laevis Lam. 111. 1: 273. 1791. S. assurgens R. & P. Fl. 1: 60.
pi. 92, f. c. 1798.
Plants herbaceous, annual or sometimes perennial, erect or
ascending, usually less than 60 cm. high, the branches glabrous or
puberulent on the angles; leaves herbaceous, mostly 2.5-5 cm. long,
acute or acuminate, abruptly decurrent at the base into a long,
slender petiole, more or less pilose, especially on the nerves, or
glabrate; flower heads sessile, terminal and axillary, the terminal
ones subtended by large leaves; hypanthium puberulent at the apex;
corolla white, 2-2.5 mm. long; capsule 2 mm. long, the calyx lobes
obscure at maturity; seeds castaneous. Negs. 886, 6700.
Cuzco: Valle Lares, Diehl 2403d. Junin: Rio Pinedo, north of
La Merced, in clearing, 800 meters, Killip & Smith 23595. Chan-
chamayo Valley, 1,200 meters, Schunke 377. Libertad: Trujillo,
roadside, Killip & Smith 21506. Lima: S. assurgens was described
from Lima, Chancay, and Huanuco, Ruiz & Pavdn. Lima, in 1852,
Andersson. Santa Clara, Rose 18728. Loreto: Recreo, Yurima-
guas, in chacara, Williams 4157. Above Pongo de Manseriche,
Mexia 6362. Rio Putumayo, Klug 1643. Santa Rosa, Yurimaguas,
in pasture, Williams 4835. Tumbes: Plain east of Hacienda La
Choza, 100-200 meters, Weberbauer 7702. San Martin: Zepelacio,
Klug 3327. Distributed almost throughout tropical America.
The species is one of the most common weeds of many parts of
the tropical American lowlands. Killip reports that the plant is
252 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
crushed with a composite and applied to cuts as an aid in healing
them.
Borreria latifolia (Aubl.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6:
61. pi. 80. 1888. Spermacoce latifolia Aubl. PI. Guian. 55. pi. 19,
f. 1. 1775.
Plants perennial, herbaceous or suffrutescent, prostrate or
ascending, often much branched, conspicuously yellowish when
dried, the stout branches 4-angled and often narrowly winged above,
glabrous or pubescent on the angles; leaves thick, elliptic to oblong,
nearly sessile, 3.5-7 cm. long, acute or acuminate, acute at the base,
more or less scaberulous or puberulent, at least on the nerves;
hypanthium glabrous or pilose; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute,
ciliate, 2 mm. long; corolla white or blue, 4-6 mm. long; capsule 3
mm. long. "Siuca blanca," "gallinazo," "carmelo." Negs. 6694,
6691.
Loreto: Nauta(?), Raimondi 2171. Iquitos, 120 meters, Williams
8090; Killip & Smith 27014- Nanay Hills, Williams 265. Mishu-
yacu, in clearing, Klug 185, 332. La Victoria, on the Amazon,
Williams 2574- Widely distributed in tropical America.
Borreria ocimoides (Burm.) DC. Prodr. 4: 544. 1830. Sper-
macoce ocimoides Burm. Fl. Ind. 34. pi. 13, f. 1. 1768. S. gracilis
R. & P. Fl. 1: 61. pi. 92, f. a. 1798.
Plants slender, usually much branched, sometimes 60 cm. high
but often 10 cm. high or less, erect to prostrate, the stems glabrous
or puberulent on the angles; leaves elliptic to linear-lanceolate, 1-3
cm. long, acute, attenuate at the base to a short petiole or sessile,
glabrous or somewhat scabrous near the margins; hypanthium
minute, glabrous or puberulent; sepals about equaling the hypan-
thium, subulate; corolla white, shorter than the calyx; capsule
scarcely 1 mm. in diameter.
Huanuco: Type of S. gracilis from Huanuco, Ruiz & Pavdn.
Junin: La Merced, 1,200 meters, a weed in garden, 5672. East of
Quimiri Bridge, near La Merced, in clearing, Killip & Smith 23968.
Near Peren Bridge, Paucartambo Valley, 700 meters, moist bank,
Killip & Smith 25384. Yapas, 1,400 meters, Killip & Smith 25596.
Loreto: La Victoria, on the Amazon, in pasture, Williams 2648.
Rio Itaya, Williams 239. Yurimaguas, edge of forest, Williams
4099. Rio Mazan near Iquitos, Williams 8127. Mishuyacu, 100
meters, Klug 525. San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 5878. San
FLORA OF PERU 253
Roque, 1,400 meters, Williams 7444, 7454- Generally distributed as
a weed in the lowlands of tropical America.
Borreria suaveolens G. Mey. Prim. Fl. Esseq. 81. pi. 1. 1818.
Spermacoce tenella HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 345. 1819. B. tenella
C. & S. Linnaea 3: 317. 1828.
Plants perennial, erect to procumbent, usually much branched,
1 meter high or less, the older stems usually ferruginous, often some-
what woody, the younger ones usually glabrous; leaves sessile, acute
or acuminate, often revolute, 2-8 cm. long, glabrous or scabrous,
sometimes sparsely pilose; flower heads 8-12 mm. thick, mostly
terminal and subtended by leaves; hypanthium villosulous; sepals
longer than the hypanthium, ciliate; corolla white, 2.5-5 mm. long;
capsule oblong, pubescent at the apex, 2 mm. long. Negs. 6697,
6702, 887.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, 2,700 meters, a common weed, Wil-
liams 7567. Between Levanto and Suta, Raimondi 450. Ayacucho:
Aina, 800 meters, Killip & Smith 23178. Huanuco: Panao, 2,700
meters, grassy slopes, 3611. Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1,200
meters, Schunke 1407. San Martin: Lamas, 840 meters, Williams
6367, 6443. Mt. Moro, Moyobamba, Weberbauer 4592. Zepelacio,
1,200-1,600 meters, King 3859. Widely distributed in tropical
America, usually at middle or higher elevations.
Spermacoce erioclada DC. Prodr. 4: 557. 1830. S. scaberrima
Bartl. ex DC. loc. cit. in syn.
Plants ascending, suffrutescent, the stems hirsute- tomentose;
leaves oblong, scabrous; flower heads terminal; calyx lobes 4; stamens
exserted.
Described from Peru. Probably a Borreria, and perhaps a syn-
onym of B. capitata; at least the description indicates no distinguish-
ing characters. S. erioclada var. linearifolia DC. loc. cit., described
from Peru, is a form with linear leaves.
Spermacoce inconspicua Bartl. ex DC. Prodr. 4: 557. 1830.
Suffrutescent; stems glabrous below, pulverulent above; leaves
linear-oblong, glabrous, the margin scabrous; flower heads terminal;
calyx lobes 4, acuminate.
Type from the mountains of Peru. Doubtless a Borreria; perhaps
a synonym of B. snaveolens.
254 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
84. SHERARDIA L.
Small annuals; leaves verticillate, narrow; flowers small, sub-
sessile, in terminal and axillary, involucrate heads; calyx segments
4-6, persistent; corolla funnelform, the tube equaling or longer than
the lobes; stamens inserted in the tube, the anthers exserted; fruit
2-celled, didymous, the carpels indehiscent.
Sherardia arvensis L. Sp. PL 102. 1753.
Stems hispidulous, short or elongate and branched; leaves in
whorls of 4-6, obovate to lanceolate or linear, acute and mucronate,
6-15 mm. long, ciliate; flower heads pedunculate; corolla pink or
bluish.
Junin: Ocopa, rocky stream bed, 3,300 meters, Killip & Smith
21997. Native of Europe, but sometimes naturalized in America.
85. RELBUNIUM Hook. f.
Annual or perennial herbs, resembling Galium in habit; leaves
verticillate; flowers minute, the pedicel articulate with the involucre,
this consisting of 2-4 leaf -like bracts; ovary didymous; sepals none;
corolla rotate, 4-lobate, the lobes valvate in bud ; stamens exserted ;
fruit more or less fleshy and juicy, smooth or tuberculate, usually
2-seeded.
Involucre of only 2 bracts. Ovary hispid R. ericoides.
Involucre of 4 bracts.
Fruit and ovary pilose R. hypocarpium.
Fruit and ovary glabrous.
Leaves oval to orbicular, 3-10 mm. wide, 3-nerved . . . . R. ovale.
Leaves linear or oblong, less than 3 mm. wide, 1-nerved.
Stems glabrous R. ciliatum.
Stems puberulent or pilose.
Stems puberulent or scaberulous; leaves merely ciliate.
R. croceum.
Stems pilose; leaves often pilose as well as ciliate.
Plants 5 cm. high or less, dense, compactly branched;
leaves merely ciliate R. corymbosum.
Plants with elongate, slender branches; leaves usually
pilose on the surfaces as well as ciliate . . R. hirsutum.
FLORA OF PERU 255
Relbunium ciliatum (R. & P.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot.
2: 62. 1881. Galium ciliatum R. & P. Fl. 1: 59. 1798. Rubia ciliata
DC. Prodr. 4: 591. 1830. Rubia monantha DC. loc. cit. G. monanthon
Bartl. ex DC. loc. cit. in syn. Relbunium tarmense Krause, Bot.
Jahrb. 40: 351. 1908.
Plants low and densely branched, the slender stems glabrous;
leaves in 4's, oblong or linear, mostly 3-4 cm. long, usually ciliate,
mucronate-acute; corolla greenish yellow; flowers axillary and
solitary; fruit glabrous, fleshy. Neg. 950.
Ancash: Hacienda Cajabamba, 3,700 meters, Weberbauer 3060.
Ayacucho: Ayacucho, Weberbauer 5500. Cajamarca: Cutervo,
Raimondi 5682. Cuzco: Cuzco, in 1916, Watkins; Weberbauer 4869.
Quebrada de Miscahuara, 3,350 meters, Herrera 636. Paucartambo
Valley, 3,500 meters, Herrera 1416a. Pucara, 3,700 meters, Weber-
bauer 430. Huanuco: Tambo de Vaca, 3,900 meters, wet mossy
rocky uplands, 4359. Junin: Described from Tarma, Chancai, and
Cheuchin, Ruiz & Pavdn. Tarma, 2,100 meters, heavy stony soil,
1011. Oroya, Kalenborn 52. Tarma, Weberbauer 2408, type of R.
tarmense. Lima: Obrajillo, Wilkes Exped. Antaicocha, 3,500
meters, sandy and gravelly stream wash, Pennell 14629. Matucana,
2,400 meters, rock crevices and loose shale slopes, 235; Savatier 400.
Puno: Chuquibambilla, 3,900 meters, crevices of limestone rock,
Pennell 13407. Ranging to Colombia and Chile.
In the synonymy of this species probably belong the following
names : Galium mucronatum R. & P. FL 1: 60. 1798, non L. G. apicu-
latum R. & S. Syst. Veg. 3: 222. 1818, non Sibth. G. leucocarpum DC.
Prodr. 4: 612. 1830. Rubia mucronata H. & A. Bot. Misc. 3: 363.
1833. G. tarmense Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 387. 1825. The type was
collected at Tarma by Ruiz and Pavon. Schumann considered this
and R. ovale as probably identical, but in the latter the leaves are
oval, rather than linear, as described for Galium mucronatum. I
have seen no material of the Ruiz and Pavon plant, and their descrip-
tion is far from satisfactory, hence it may be that the name refers to
some species other than Relbunium ciliatum.
Relbunium corymbosum (R. & P.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras.
6, pt. 6: 118. 1888. Galium corymbosum R. & P. Fl. 1: 59. 1798.
Rubia corymbosa DC. Prodr. 4: 591. 1830.
Plants perennial, dwarf and compact, with slender, ascending
branches, sometimes corymbosely branched; leaves lance-oblong to
elliptic-oblong, minute, acute or obtuse, long-ciliate; flowers solitary,
256 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
the pedicels half as long as the leaves or shorter; fruit apparently
white, glabrous.
Junin: Type from Bombom in the mountains of Tarma, Ruiz
& Pavdn. Between Tarma and Jauja, 4,500 meters, Killip & Smith
21970. Cerro de Pasco, 4,200 meters, crevices of limestone outcrop,
3069.
It is rather doubtful whether this species, or at least the specimens
here referred to it, differs essentially from R. hirsutum.
Relbunium croceum (R. & P.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6,
pt. 6: 116. 1888. Galium croceum R. & P. Fl. 1: 59. 1798. Rubia
crocea DC. Prodr. 4: 591. 1830. G. chloranthum Krause, Bot. Jahrb.
40: 351. 1908.
Plants perennial, the numerous short stems prostrate or ascend-
ing, densely leafy; leaves in 4's, linear or lance-oblong, subcoria-
ceous, usually scaberulous and ciliate; flowers solitary, short-pedicel-
late; corolla glabrous; fruit reddish yellow, glabrous. Neg. 941.
Huanuco: Originally described from Tarma, Huanuco, Rondos,
and Nauyan, Ruiz & Pavon. Mito, 3,150 meters, grassy uplands,
1878, 1877. Junin: Oroya, Weberbauer 2584, type of R. chloran-
thum. Puno: Araranca, 4,200 meters, crevices of siliceous rock,
Pennell 13469. Also in Bolivia.
This so-called species is not separated sharply from R. hirsutum,
and probably should be treated as a form or variety of it.
Relbunium ericoides (Lam.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6,
pt. 6: 109. 1888. Galium ericoides Lam. Encycl. 2: 583. 1788.
A rather stout perennial, erect or ascending, sometimes suffru-
tescent at the base, the stems short-pilose; leaves triangular-ovate,
acuminate, 1.5-2.5 mm. long, glabrous or sparsely pilose; flowers
axillary in 2's or 3's; corolla 1 mm. broad; fruit hirtous, 2 mm. broad.
Reported from Peru by Schumann, loc. cit., on the basis of a
specimen collected by Haenke. Also in Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay.
The report of this species from Peru needs confirmation, and I am
skeptical as to its occurrence in the country.
Relbunium hirsutum (R. & P.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6,
pt. 6: 116. 1888. Galium hirsutum R. & P. Fl. 1: 59. 1798. Rubia
hirsuta Schlecht. ex Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 37. 1857, in syn.
A low perennial, the stems numerous, prostrate or ascending,
usually 20 cm. long or less, short-pilose; leaves lanceolate to ovate-
oblong, acute, mostly short-hirsute, subcoriaceous, blackish when
FLORA OF PERU 257
dried; flowers solitary in the leaf axils, equaling or shorter than the
leaves; corolla greenish white; fruit glabrous, white. Neg. 943.
Arequipa: Mollendo, Rose 19485. Ayacucho: Pampalca, 3,200
meters, Kittip & Smith 23293, 22267. Cajamarca: Chota, Jelski
5491 . Montana de Nancho, 2,300 meters, Raimondi 3235. Cutervo,
Raimondi 3044- Huanuco: Huanuco, Ruiz. Mito, 2,700 meters,
among grasses on shrubby slope, 1612. Puente de Esperanza,
Kanehira 284. Junin: La Oroya, 3,600 meters, limestone cliffs,
938; Kalenborn 52. Lima: Lima, WilkesExped. Rio Blanco, 3,600
meters, open, steep banks, 670; Killip & Smith 21551. Chicla,
Rose 18684- Type from Cullnay and Obrajillo, Ruiz & Pavdn.
Puno: Araranca: 4,200 meters, crevices of siliceous rock, Pennell
13468, 13469. Argentina to Colombia.
Relbunium hypocarpium (L.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer.
Bot. 2: 63. 1881. Vaillantia hypocarpia L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1307.
1759.
A weak perennial with elongate stems sometimes as much as 1
meter long or more, sometimes subscandent, the branches retrorse-
hispidulous; leaves in 4's, oblong to elliptic or obovate, 5-15 mm.
long, mucronate, narrowed to the base, more or less pilose and ciliate,
rather thick, the margins revolute; flowers pedicellate, equaling or
shorter than the leaves; corolla white, 1-1.5 mm. broad; fruit orange-
red, 2-3 mm. long. Neg. 6717.
Arequipa: Mollendo, Hitchcock 22380. Cuzco: Valle de San
Miguel, 2,400 meters, Herrera 2011. Without locality, Herrera
2536. Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 2,300 meters, in forest, Pennell 14018.
Huanuco: Cani, 2,550 meters, steep, open slope among shrubs,
3453. Mito, 2,700 meters, among shrubs, 1372. Pampayacu,
Kanehira 87. Llata, 2,100 meters, 2285. Twelve miles south of
Panao, 3,000 meters, moist, shady bank in forest, 2204. Junin:
Huacapistana, 1,800-2,400 meters, open hillside, Killip & Smith
24233. Above San Ramon, 1,300-1,700 meters, Schunke A16.
San Martin: San Roque, 1,400 meters, Williams 7381, 7455, 7698.
Zepelacio, 1,200-1,600 meters, King 3276. Widely distributed in
the mountains of tropical America, at middle or high elevations.
Known at Mito as "antanco," and used there for dyeing cloth.
The genus Relbunium is closely related to Rubia of the Old World,
which furnishes madder dye.
Relbunium ovale (R. & P.) Schum. in Mart. FI. Bras. 6, pt.
6: 115. 1888. Galium ovale R. & P. Fl. 1: 59. 1798. Rubia ovalis
258 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
DC. Prodr. 4: 591. 1830. Relbunium diffusum Schum. op. cit.
111. 1888.
Plants large and rather coarse, much branched, the stems some-
times as much as 1 meter long, hirsute or glabrate; leaves in 4's,
5-20 mm. long, obtuse or mucronate, contracted at the base and
short-petiolate, ciliate and pilose; flowers long-pedicellate, the
foliaceous bracts 3-4 mm. long; corolla greenish, 1.5 mm. broad;
fruit white, glabrous, 3 mm. broad.
Ayacucho: Aina, 750-1,000 meters, in clearing, Killip & Smith
22617. Cajamarca: Chorrillos, Raimondi 6870. Cuzco: Chau-
pichaca, 1,700 meters, Weberbauer 7827. Matariata, 650 meters,
Bues 2869. Huanuco: Originally described from Chancay, Huanuco,
and Lima, Ruiz & Pavon. Huanuco, Ruiz (fragm. ex hb. Berol.).
Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1,200 meters, Schunke 1541. Also in
Bolivia, Brazil, and Argentina.
The plant is yellowish green when dried, specimens of other
species usually turning blackish.
86. GALIUM L.
Annuals or perennials, herbaceous or suffrutescent, the stems
4-angled; leaves verticillate; flowers minute, 3-4-parted, arranged
in axillary and terminal cymes, ebracteate, the calyx jointed with
the pedicel; calyx obsolete; corolla rotate, the lobes valvate; stamens
3-4, the filaments short, the anthers didymous, exserted; ovary
2-celled, with 2 short styles; fruit didymous, dry or fleshy.
Fruit glabrous G. pumilio.
Fruit pubescent.
Plants annual; leaves in whorls of 6-8, linear or oblanceolate-
linear G. Aparine.
Plants perennial; leaves mostly in whorls of 4, sometimes in 6's.
Hairs of the fruit dense, straight, much longer than the diameter
of the fruit G. eriocarpum.
Hairs of the fruit uncinate at the apex, little if at all longer than
the diameter of the fruit.
Leaves glabrous beneath G. limense.
Leaves sparsely or densely pilose or hispidulous beneath.
Branches pubescent with chiefly weak and spreading, lax
hairs G. canescens.
Branches retrorse-aculeolate G. ferrugineum.
FLORA OF PERU 259
Galium Aparine L. Sp. PL 108. 1753.
A slender, weak annual with elongate stems, the branches uncin-
ulate; leaves in 6's or 8's, narrow, pale green, 1-3 cm. long or even
larger, cuspidate-acuminate, hispidulous on the upper surface, the
margins and the costa uncinulate; flowers whitish or yellowish; fruit
dry, uncinate-hispid.
Arequipa: Nevado de Chachani, 3,600 meters, Pennell 13270.
Ayacucho: Pampalca, 3,200 meters, open hillside, Killip & Smith
22261. Cuzco: Cuzco, 3,300 meters, Herrera 534- Calca, 3,000
meters, Herrera 2077. Near Tinta, 3,500 meters, Cook & Gilbert
209. Junin: Tarma, 3,100 meters, shaded stream bank, Killip &
Smith 21901. Lima: Matucana, 2,400 meters, trailing on steep
shale slope, 127. San Geronimo, 150 meters, on rock slide, 5893.
Rio Blanco, 3,600 meters, in rocks near stream, 657. Canta, 3,100
meters, open, rocky banks, Pennell 14613. Cerro de Amancaes,
Raimondi 12383. Rio Blanco, 3,200 meters, open hillside, Killip
& Smith 21596. Chicla, 3,600-3,900 meters, in 1882, Ball. Banos,
Wilkes Exped. Lima, Rose 1 8607. Widely distributed in cooler regions
of South America; also in North America and the Old World.
Galium canescens HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 336. 1819. G.
obovatum HBK. loc. cit. pi. 277. 1819. (?) G. lappaceum R. & P. Fl. 1:
59. 1798.
A lax perennial, much branched, the slender, angled stems pilose
with weak, whitish hairs, or these sometimes deciduous in age;
leaves in 4's, ovate to elliptic or obovate, mostly 5-15 mm. long,
obtuse to acuminate, acute at the base, usually densely pilose on both
surfaces, sometimes glabrate, 3-nerved ; corolla yellowish or whitish,
sometimes reddish brown, the lobes caudate-acuminate; fruit dry,
densely uncinate-hispid. Neg. 923.
Ayacucho: Mountains near Huanta, 3,200 meters, Weberbauer
7516. Carrapa, 1,000 meters, wooded hillside, Killip & Smith
22511. Cuzco: Without locality, Herrera 2588. Huancavelica:
Above Huaitara, 2,800 meters, Weberbauer 5420. Huanuco:
Fifteen miles southeast of Huanuco, 3,150 meters, shady, moist
thicket, 2112. Muna, 2,100 meters, shady slope, 3916. Llata, 2,100
meters, shaded cliff ledges, 2234. Cani, 2,550 meters, 3386. Hua-
cachi, 1,950 meters, open bank, 4133. Junin: Camino entre Junin
y la Montana, Raimondi 11891. La Oroya, 3,600 meters, limestone
cliffs, 937. Between Viques and Ingahuasi, 3,150 meters, open,
rocky hillside, Killip & Smith 22146. Lima: Obrajillos, Wilkes Exped.
260 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Matucana, 2,400 meters, steep, rocky slope, 87, 556. San Lorenzo,
Gaudichaud in 1836. Matucana, Martinet 51. San Buenaventura,
2,700 meters, open, rocky slope, Pennell 14519. Moquehua: Caru-
mas, 3,200 meters, climbing in shrubs, Weberbauer 7294. Ranging to
Bolivia and Colombia.
The species is a somewhat variable one as to leaf form and
size and in pubescence. I have been unable to find any good char-
acter for distinguishing G. canescens and G. obovatum, although these
two species usually have been considered distinct. The type of
G. lappaceum R. & P. (non Salisb. 1796) was collected at Cerro
Puelles, Huanuco.
Pennell 13861 from the Department of Cuzco was distributed as
Galium Closianum Briq., a Chilean species, but that number is really
Arcytophyllum filiforme (R. & P.) Standl.
Galium dasycarpum Kunze ex Walp. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 19:
Suppl. 1: 357. 1843, listed as from Peru, is a mere name.
Galium eriocarpum Bartl. ex DC. Prodr. 4: 600. 1830.
Plants slender, suffrutescent, the stems glabrous or scaberulous;
leaves small, in 4's, ovate or oblong-ovate, obtuse or acutish, scabrous
or hirtellous; flowers in small, dense, terminal cymes; fruit dry,
covered with very long and soft, pale, spreading hairs.
Arequipa (?): "Mont Guancac," Haenke. Puno: Lake Titicaca,
Meyen. Department uncertain: "Mont Oravio," Haenke. Also in
Chile and Argentina.
Galium ferrugineum Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 349. 1908.
G. Weberbaueri Krause, loc. cit. G. andicolum Krause, op. cit. 350.
A slender perennial with weak, elongate stems; leaves in 4's or
6's, ovate to elliptic or obovate, 4-10 mm. long or larger, acuminate
or mucronate, sparsely or rather densely pilose; flowers in small,
axillary or terminal cymes, the corolla green to reddish brown;
fruit dry, densely uncinate-pilose. Negs. 918, 927, 934.
Ancash: Below Hacienda Cajabamba, 3,000-3,500 meters,
Weberbauer 3123, type of G. andicolum. Ocros, 3,100 meters, Weber-
bauer 5800. Cajamarca: Above San Pablo, 2,400-2,700 meters,
Weberbauer 3807, type of G. ferrugineum. Lima: Along the railroad
between Lima and Oroya, 2,400-3,000 meters, Weberbauer 204, 205,
type of G. Weberbaueri. Department unknown: Without locality,
Weberbauer 5420.
FLORA OF PERU 261
I have seen type material of the three species referred here,
and fail to find any important differences between them, if any at all.
It is probable that all three names should be reduced further to
synonymy under G. canescens.
Galium limense Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 298. 1929.
A diffuse, procumbent perennial, the stems sparsely uncinulate;
leaves in 4's, oblong-ovate, 5-8 mm. long, acuminate, obtuse at the
base, 3-nerved, scaberulous above; cymes 3-flowered, axillary and
terminal ; corolla green ; fruit dry, densely uncinate-hispidulous.
Lima: Canta, 2,800 meters, open, rocky slope, Pennell 14351,
type.
This, too, probably is a mere form of G. canescens.
Galium pumilio Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 298. 1929.
A diminutive, densely matted, compact herb, the stems 1-4 cm.
long, glabrous; leaves in 4's or 6's, usually longer than the internodes,
oblong or ovate, 1.5-2.5 mm. long, obtuse or acutish, glabrous,
ciliate; flowers axillary, solitary, on pedicels 4-8 mm. long; fruit
fleshy, glabrous.
Junin: Cerro de Pasco, grassy limestone slope, 4,200 meters,
Macbride 3070, type.
Doubtful genus
Riqueuria avenia R. & P. Fl. 1: 70. 1798. Riqueuria R. & P.
Prodr. 18. 1794.
A procumbent shrub, the stem branched, the branches naked
below; leaves opposite, petiolate, the blades oblong, entire, glabrous,
not nerved; racemes short, terminal; pedicels 3-flowered; corolla
yellow, fleshy. Growing in the forests of Chinchao and Cochero,
especially near Casapi and Casapillo.
The genus has been referred generally to the Rubiaceae, but its
proper position has not been suggested. The group is altogether
doubtful.
Alibertia, 111
Alseis, 12
Amaioua, 110
Anisomeris, 121
Arcytophyllum, 69
Bathysa, 64
Bertiera, 94
Borreria, 249
Bothriospora, 98
Calycophyllum, 49
Capirona, 45
Cephaelis, 147
Chimarrhis, 57
Chiococca, 123
Chomelia, 120
Cinchona, 24
Coccocypselum, 80
Coffea, 124
Condaminea, 55
Corynula, 241
Cosmibuena, 49
Coussarea, 128
Coutarea, 54
Declieuxia, 157
Diodia, 246
Dolichodelphys, 62
Duroia, 108
Elaeagia, 66
Emmeorrhiza, 241
Exostema, 52
Faramea, 135
Ferdinandusa, 51
Galium, 258
Gardenia, 107
Genipa, 106
Geophila, 145
Gomozia, 241
Gonzalagunia, 75
Guettarda, 115
Hamelia, 95
Hemidiodia, 247
Hillia, 46
Hippotis, 82
Hoffmannia, 91
INDEX
Isertia, 77
Ixora, 125
Joosia, 33
Ladenbergia, 38
Lecanosperma, 23
Loretoa, 50
Macbrideina, 66
Machaonia, 114
Macrocnemum, 34
Malanea, 119
Manettia, 13
Mitracarpus, 243
THE LIBRARY OF THE Oldenlandia, 68
CIS- 1936 | aed "a. 240
Pagamea, 143
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOISPalicourea, 216
Pentagonia, 85
Phitopsis, 67
Pimentella, 37
Pogonopus, 54
Posoqueria, 98
Psychotria, 171
Randia, 101
Relbunium, 254
Remijia, 36
Retiniphyllum, 113
Richardia, 244
Riqueuria, 261
Rondeletia, 61
Rudgea, 158
Sabicea, 87
Schradera, 74
Sherardia, 254
Sickingia, 63
Sipanea, 65
Sommera, 84
Spermacoce, 248
Sphinctanthus, 101
Stachyococcus, 144
Stilpnophyllum, 23
Tocoyena, 99
Uncaria, 11
Warscewiczia, 58
ECKMAN
JDERY INC.
OCT96
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBAN*
