LIBRARY OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
in
580.5
FB
v. 13
pt. 3
no. 1-2
Biology
Return this book on or before the
Latest Date stamped below.
Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books
are reasons for disciplinary action and may
result in dismissal from the University.
University of Illinois Library
o
v'i
FEB 2 It 1S9B
L161 O-1096
FLORA OF PERU
BY
J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE
ASSOCIATE CURATOR OP THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OP BOTANY
THE LIBRARY Of THfc
of ti
BOTANICAL SERIES
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
VOLUME XIII, PART III, NUMBER 1
OCTOBER 11, 1943
PUBLICATION 531
FLORA OF PERU
BY
J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE
ASSOCIATE CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OP BOTANY
THE LIBRARY Of THE
K3V19-Q43
of ILLINOIS
BOTANICAL SERIES
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
VOLUME XIII, PART III, NUMBER 1
OCTOBER 11, 1943
PUBLICATION 531
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS
re
FLORA OF PERU
J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE
LEGUMINOSAE. Bean Family
The legumes, for amateur or for professional student marked
most characteristically by the fruit being a pod (rarely drupe-like)
in contrast to the somewhat similar roses with the fruit a drupe or
achenes enclosed in a receptacle, are grouped into three merging
subfamilies (as defined below). The pods sometimes separate into
1-seeded segments, sometimes are margined or winged and samaroid.
Stipules usually present. Leaves rarely simple. Flowers papilio-
naceous or more or less regular, in the former case ordinarily her-
maphrodite, in the latter polygamous. Petals and sepals (calyx
sometimes cupulate or cyathiform) same number. Stamens various
in number. Carpel solitary, 1-celled, the ovules generally more
than 1 attached at interior angle.
Products of economic importance are many and varied: they
range from beans to insect powder, from timbers extremely hard
or soft to resins and oils, from fibers and forage crops to agents for
tanning leather and other chemical or medicinal products. A number
of these that are of exceptional value are Peruvian in origin or
are produced in Peru (as indicated in the following text) ; for example,
many timbers, the insecticide rotenone (Denis), the soil-builder
Crotalaria, the tannin agent tara (Caesalpinia), to mention only a
few.
Key to subfamilies
Flowers regular, small (sometimes showy, the stamens long); calyx
valvate (imbricate in Parkia); stamens distinct or united;
leaves bipinnate except Inga Mimoseae.
Flowers more or less irregular.
Calyx lobes free (in Poeppigia and Dimorphandra united, but
flowers pea-like; in Bauhinia, Swartzia, Lecointea calyx in
bud entire, later variously cleft or cupulate); stamens 4-10,
sometimes more, often partly sterile or staminodia (p. 113).
Caesalpinieae.
Calyx lobes or sepals connate, the tube usually campanulate or
tubular, the receptacle usually very short or wanting, rarely
slender and stalk-like; flowers usually papilionaceous (p. 228).
Papilionaceae.
3
4 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
MIMOSEAE
Generic key to Peruvian species
Leaves simply pinnate; spines none; pods if dehiscent tardily, the
seeds often in a pulp 1. Inga.
Leaves bipinnate (sometimes in Mimosa pseudodigitate or leaflets
rarely none, sometimes, as in Pithecolobium, 1 pair pinnae of
2-3 leaflets).
Flowers borne in heads or umbellately capitate.
Stamens as many or twice as many as the corolla lobes, usually
5 or 10, or sometimes also with, or replaced in part by,
staminodes.
Trees or shrubs, unarmed except sometimes Mimosa, Pipta-
denia.
Flowers very small in tight globose or clavate heads, partly
or all bisexual and with staminodes; calyx lobes short,
broad, imbricate 18. Parkia.
Flowers small but not as above; calyx if developed, valvate.
Calyx minute or obsolete; pods breaking into joints.
9. Mimosa.
Calyx often well-developed, dentate; pods bivalved.
Anthers eglandular; leaflets about 1 cm. long or longer.
12. Leucaena.
Anthers glandular in bud; leaflets minute except 1
species 13. Piptadenia.
Herbs or more or less woody undershrubs.
Anthers glandular; stamens usually 10, the lower flowers
with staminodia; pods oblong; aquatic or low half
shrub 16. Neptunia.
Anthers eglandular.
Pods narrowly linear; lowest flowers male or provided
with staminodia.
Unarmed plants; flowers greenish-white with 5 or 10
stamens 11. Desmanthus.
Aculeate plants; flowers pink or lilac with usually
8-12 stamens 10. Schrankia.
Pods oblong, sometimes narrowly oblong; most species
without any staminodial flowers 9. Mimosa.
Stamens indefinite, rarely 10 or fewer, often many, even 100.
FLORA OF PERU 5
Stamens more or less connate, often elongate and the flowers
showy; spines usually lacking except Pithecolobium dulce.
Pod valves not separating from margins; stamens more
or less connate, few to many.
Anthers glabrous; pods rather thick, rarely straight, the
valves if dehiscing, not elastically, continuous or
more or less (to completely) septate.
Inflorescence not nodulate.
Pods incurved reniform 4. Enterolobium.
Pods various but not as above.
2. Albizzia, 3. Pithecolobium.
Inflorescence nodulate, i.e. peduncles borne from en-
largements on rachis 5. Cedrelinga.
Anthers usually glandular-hirsute; pods usually flat,
narrow, straight or nearly, elastically dehiscing.
6. Calliandra.
Pod valves (in age) separating from the persisting margins
(always?) ; stamens connate into a tube, in the Peruvian
species about 50; leaflets minute with submarginal
nerve 7. Lysiloma.
Stamens free unless at base (cf. Pithecolobium multiflorum,
Calliandra); flowers small; stipules usually spinescent.
8. Acacia.
Flowers borne in cylindrical spikes.
Stamens indefinite, few to many (rarely 10 in Pithecolobium).
Stamens more or less connate; shrubs or trees except P. dulce
unarmed 3. Pithecolobium.
Stamens free or nearly; plants often aculeate 8. Acacia.
Stamens as many or twice as many as the corolla lobes.
Anthers eglandular; pods breaking into joints between the
persisting margins 9. Mimosa.
Anthers glandular (unless Piptadenia) at least before an thesis;
pods, except in Entada, bivalved.
Smooth or finely aculeate lianas; spikes congested to form
a broom-like inflorescence; pods flat, breaking into
1-seeded joints 15. Entada.
Armed or smooth shrubs or trees; spikes not congested;
pods bivalved.
Smooth or prickly, leaflets usually many.
6 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Pods plane, continuous within; seeds without albumen.
13. Piptadenia.
Pods turgid, septate between the albuminous seeds.
14. Stryphnodendron.
Nodosely armed (usually), the pinnae and leaflets few;
pods subcompressed or subcylindrical, often septate.
17. Prosopis.
1. INGA Willd.
Reference: Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 600-632. 1875.
Unarmed trees or shrubs with simply pinnate leaves (the rachis
often more or less margined), and globosely umbellate, spicate or
racemose often showy flowers. Peduncles solitary or fascicled,
axillary or panicled at the branchlet tips. Flowers 5 (6) -merous,
mostly hermaphrodite, the tubular or campanulate calyx dentate
or shortly lobed, the elongate corolla with valvate petals coalescent
to the middle or higher. Stamens many, long-exserted. Ovary
sessile, many-ovuled. Pods narrow, straight or somewhat incurved,
rarely twisted, flat, 4-sided or subcylindric, the margins usually
enlarged, coriaceous or subfleshy, tardily if at all dehiscing, the seeds
sometimes surrounded with a pulp. Cf. Pithecolobium inundatum
and P. Martinianum, which might be sought in this group.
With Erythrina, Inga is one of the most important trees used for
shade in plantations of coffee and cocoa; Inga is said to be preferable;
cf. Pittier, Journ. Dept. Agric. Porto Rico 13, no. 4. 1929.
The genus was divided by Bentham into 5 sections, all of which
now provisionally contain species which with our present knowledge
are not definitely assignable, therefore here, for convenience (except
for the section Leptinga including Diadema, marked by the flowers
being borne on a globose or extremely short rather clavate receptacle,
the inflorescences thus umbelliform) the key has been based on the
presence or absence of a wing-margin to the leaf -rachis and on the size
of the flowers; this probably results, at least in some instances,
from specimens being maintained as species that may actually be
merely at variance, that is, with or without the leaf -rachis winged.
The size of the flowers is probably a better criterion but until fruits
are more generally known no lineal key seems possible. Inga fruits
are, in many species, flat; in fewer quadrate or cylindrical, but,
unknown in most species, keys based on the character are useless.
It seems futile to group the species into series. Ducke, Archiv.
FLORA OF PERU 7
Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 4: 19-28. 1925, gave a key to the species of Para,
Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 173-223. 1916, a partial revision.
/. pisana G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 388. 1832, and /. carnosa G. Don,
I.e. 391, based on Ruiz & Pavon material in herb. Lambert, were
not identified by Bentham but the latter as labeled in herb. Pavon
is, fide Bentham, 534, Lysiloma tergemina Benth. of Mexico and
therefore probably a Mocino & Sesse* specimen. /. diadema Mart.,
to which Bentham referred with doubt Spruce 4565 in fruit from
Tarapoto, is also omitted from the key; cf. note to /. tarapotensis.
Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1 : 187. 1891, employed the name Feuilleea for
many species (including Calliandra and Pithecolobium) ; the resulting
combinations with Kuntze as author have not been cited.
Inflorescence globosely umbelliform; calyces, if sessile, glabrous or
nearly (/. vismiaefolia, I. chartacea, etc. might be sought here).
Section Leptinga, including Diadema.
Leaf-rachis wing-margined.
Stamen tube long-exserted; pedicels minutely villous; leaflets
ample, the larger 2 dm. long I. umbratica.
Stamen tube included or (typically) shortly exserted; puberu-
lence, if present, dense or appressed; leaflets rarely 12 cm.
long.
Leaflets obtuse I. Augusti.
Leaflets acuminate.
Pedicels 8 mm. long or longer; calyces about 4 mm. long.
I. myrianiha.
Pedicels and calyces subequal, much shorter . . I. lateriflora.
Leaf-rachis little if at all margined (except 7. cecropietorum under
/. Tessmannii).
Flowers glabrous or essentially except /. graciliflora with
abruptly expanded limb; peduncles simple, solitary in the
axils or fascicled at the lower nodes.
Leaflets all small, even the larger well under 10 cm.
Leaflets long acuminate I. heterophylla.
Leaflets obtuse or if acuminate very shortly and obtusely.
Pedicels several mm. long I. cynometrifolia.
Pedicels 1 mm. long I. tarapotensis.
Leaflets medium, at least the larger usually longer than 10 cm.
Calyx about half as long as the corolla, glabrous or nearly,
sessile or pedicellate.
8 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Corolla 8-10, calyx 4-6 mm. long, sessile or pedicellate.
7. Tessmannii.
Corolla 7 mm. long or a little longer than the sessile
calyx 7. cinnamomea.
Calyx much less than one-half as long as the corolla, at
least minutely pedicelled.
Pedicels less than 5 mm. long.
Flowers pedicellate; stamen tube more or less exserted.
/. lallensis.
Flowers subsessile; stamen tube included.
/. tenuistipula.
Pedicels 5 mm. long or longer.
Peduncles a cm. or so long 7. graciliflora.
Peduncles all or mostly much longer 7. coriacea.
Flowers puberulent, the corolla not abruptly expanded at limb;
peduncles usually, at least the upper, more or less branched.
Corolla narrowly conical; leaflets not narrowed to base.
7. quaternata.
Corolla with campanulate limb; leaflets little if at all narrowed
to the acute tip, narrowed to base 7. Pardoana.
Inflorescence not clearly umbelliform, sometimes long-spicate, often
ovoid-capitate, the rachis sometimes very short; calyx usually
sessile (exceptions, 7. brachyrhachis, I. ingoides, I. laxiflora, I.
nobilis, 7. tarapotensis) and pubescent (exceptions, 7. brachy-
rhachis, I. capitata), always pubescent (unless 7. tarapotensis),
when the rachis is so short that the flowers are globosely con-
gested, simulating the umbelliform group of species.
Flowers, excluding stamens, 10 mm. long or longer or, if shorter,
plants glabrous (cf. 7. punctata, var.).
Leaf -rachis definitely wing-margined, at least some leaves.
Calyx tomentulose to densely hirsute-villous (sometimes gla-
brate in 7. striata, trichomes lax or weak, rarely lacking).
Flowers considerably to much shorter than 3 cm.
Calyx glabrate (glabrous) to loosely pilose, the narrow
teeth acuminate, the tube striate 7. striata.
Calyx tomentulose or appressed strigillose, the broad
teeth acute, the tube more or less obscurely striate.
Leaflets usually not densely pilose beneath, in any case
conspicuously reticulate; flowers 12-20 mm. long.
FLORA OF PERU 9
Flowers sessile.
Peduncles solitary or geminate; bracts linear to
narrowly lanceolate; leaflets firm, yellowish-
green, reticulate, the nerve glandular or the
bracts linear.
Leaflet midnerve eglandular; bracts linear; pod
face open 7. Feuillei.
Leaflet midnerve often with 1-several glands;
bracts lanceolate; pod face more or less
closed by the multi-sulcate margins.
7. adenophylla.
Peduncles often fascicled, often borne on a com-
mon axis; leaflets membranous-chartaceous,
dark green, little reticulate, never glandular;
bracts not linear.
Axis subterete; leaf not bristle- tipped . . /. edulis.
Axis acutely angled; leaf-rachis bristle-tipped.
7. conferta.
Flowers pedicellate.
Racemes solitary 7. laxiflora.
Racemes fascicled 7. ingoides.
Leaflets densely soft-pilose beneath, obscurely reticu-
late.
Flowers 10-11 mm. long 7. Endlicheri.
Flowers about 18 mm. long 7. aria.
Flowers 3-5 cm. long.
Peduncles nearly lacking; flowers 4-5 cm. long.
7. plumifera.
Peduncles more or less elongate; flowers 3-3.5 cm. long.
Bracts caducous; calyx 2 cm. long 7. velutina.
Bracts persisting; calyx 1 cm. long 7. Donaeana.
Calyx glabrous or setulose, the trichomes long or if minute,
sparse.
Calyx glabrous, the pubescence of stems and leaves not
conspicuously long.
Bracts persisting; peduncles short 7. macrophylla.
Bracts caducous; peduncles elongate 7. longipes.
Calyx usually more or less setulose, usually other parts as
well, these conspicuously long-setose if calyx glabrous.
10 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Flower-heads shortly peduncled or subsessile, the persist-
ing ovate bracts 3-4 mm. long.
Corolla glabrous; leaflet midnerve eglandular.
7. Poeppigiana.
Corolla pubescent; leaflet midnerve usually with 1-
several glands on upper side /. pruriens.
Flower-heads long-peduncled, the linear-lanceolate bracts
often longer or inconspicuous and caducous.
Branchlets not long-setose nor leaflets long-pilose, 2-4
pairs.
Corolla 12-18 (23) mm. long.
Leaflets mostly 5 cm. wide or wider. . ./. setifera.
Leaflets mostly narrower than 2.5 cm.
Leaflets 3 pairs 7. aliena.
Leaflets 2 pairs 7. slenoptera.
Corolla about 3 cm. long /. Pavoniana.
Branchlets long-setose; leaflets long-pilose both sides,
5-6 pairs.
Calyx 10 mm. long, the corolla tube included.
/. setosa.
Calyx 6 mm. long, the corolla tube exserted.
7. hirsutissima.
Leaf-rachis emarginate or essentially.
Calyx and corolla glabrous or more or less long-setulose, the
trichomes scattered.
Petioles and branchlets glabrous 7. capitata.
Petioles and branchlets long-setose 7. stipulacea.
Calyx or at least the corolla densely or evenly pubescent or
tomentulose-pubescent.
Calyx less than a third as long as the corolla . . 7. peltadenia.
Calyx about half as long as the corolla (cf. exceptionally
7. nobilis, I. punctata).
Flowers pedicellate.
Plants villous.
Calyx narrowly funnelform 7. pukhriflora.
Calyx obconic 7. vismiaefolia.
Plants glabrate 7. loretana.
Flowers sessile.
FLORA OF PERU 11
Leaflets rarely as few as 3 pairs.
Veins obscure above I. Killipiana.
Veins conspicuous both sides 7. Mathewsiana.
Leaflets 2 pairs 7. maynensis.
Flowers excluding stamens 3-8 (9) mm. long (cf. the completely
glabrous 7. capitata et rels.).
Spikes, at least mostly and typically, on axillary fascicled and
long peduncles or these short and often arranged on a
central axis; leaf-rachis emarginate or merely ridge-edged
(cf. 7. densiflora).
Veins of the lustrous rather coriaceous leaflets obscure above;
flowers sessile.
Leaflets 2-4 pairs; stamen tube included or barely exserted.
Corolla tubular; midnerve of leaflets not densely strigose.
Leaflets 2 pairs (typically), usually punctate-scabrous-
hispid both sides 7. punctata.
Leaflets 3-4 pairs.
Leaflets glabrous, oblong-elliptic or oblong-lanceo-
late 7. Ruiziana, I. acreana.
Leaflets hispidulous beneath, obovate. . . .7. obscura.
Corolla rather obconic; leaflet midnerve densely strigose.
Spikes soon short-oblong; leaf pubescence between
nerves sparse 7. lineata.
Spikes ovoid; leaf pubescence soft 7. Endlicheri.
Leaflets 4-6 pairs; stamineal tube often exserted.
Spikes ovoid 7. Ruiziana.
Spikes elongate 7. lopadadenia.
Veins of the subchartaceous leaflets reticulate both sides.
Peduncles long; stamen tube little if at all exserted.
7. nobilis.
Peduncles short; stamen tube long-exserted 7. alba.
Spikes axillary or subaxillary but solitary or in any case crowded
and shortly peduncled or subsessile in the axils or at de-
foliate nodes, the peduncles usually shorter than the spikes,
always (except in 7. lopadadenia) if the petiole is emarginate
(cf. 7. alba, marked by very long-exserted stamen tube).
Flowers minutely pedicellate, if in elongate racemes the
leaflets 1 pair.
12 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Rachis of leaves emarginate, the leaflets 2-3 pairs.
Inflorescence globose, the peduncles 12-25 mm.; corolla
5 mm. long; leaflets small 7. tarapotensis.
Inflorescence oblong-ovoid, subsessile; corolla 7 mm.
long; leaflets ample I. brachyrhachis.
Rachis of leaves margined and with 1 pair of leaflets.
I. cordatoalata.
Flowers sessile or subsessile, the leaflets all or mostly 2-several
pairs.
Bracts minute or not exceeding the calyx.
Rachis of leaves if winged only just below the medium-
sized leaflets, their nervation not impressed above.
Leaf-rachis glands small or the leaflets mostly or all
fewer than 4 pairs.
Corolla 3-4 (4.5) mm. long; leaflets 2 (-3) pairs;
spikes elongate, mostly 7 cm. long or longer.
/. marginata.
Corolla (4) 5-6 mm. long; spikes 5 cm. long or shorter
(cf. also 7. alba, flowers smaller).
Leaf-rachis emarginate or essentially; stamen tube
finally long-exserted.
Leaflets 2-4 pairs.
Leaflets coriaceous, blunt; spikes sessile.
7. Klugii.
Leaflets membranous, acuminate; spikes
shortly peduncled 7. aggregata.
Leaflets commonly 6 pairs 7. altissima.
Leaf-rachis definitely winged; flowers 4 mm. long.
Leaf-rachis puberulent; leaflets 3 pairs.
7. yacoana.
Leaf-rachis glabrous; leaflets 2 pairs. . . .7. apta.
Leaf-rachis glands large, cuplike; leaflets 4 pairs.
7. lopadadenia.
Rachis of leaves usually conspicuously winged, the
leaflets ample, the venation often more or less im-
pressed above.
Pubescence, at least on leaves, spreading, stiff.
Leaflet internodes 1-3 cm. long 7. densiflora.
FLORA OF PERU 13
Leaflet internodes mostly much longer.
I. Bonplandiana, I. chartacea.
Pubescence tomentulose I. tomentosa.
Bracts (3) 4-6 mm. long, exceeding the calyx.
Flowers 7-8 mm. long 7. auristellae.
Flowers 3-4 mm. long 7. microcoma.
Inga acreana Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 298. 1915.
7. myriocephala Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 184. 1916.
Similar to 7. punctata but the leaflets 3-4 pairs, oblong-lanceolate,
glabrous; peduncles puberulent, 2-3 cm. long; calyx 3-4 mm. long,
the corolla about 7 mm. long. Williams 2158 was referred by Harms
to 7. stenoptera Benth., 616, which at least as to type is very different;
this collection seems to match 7. acreana except that the leaf-rachis
is somewhat more margined (in type obscurely). Ducke has
suggested that Harms' species is perhaps a variety of 7. nobilis but
it seems probable that it is a form of 7. acrocephala Steud. of Surinam
and scarcely distinguishable unless by the slightly margined rachis,
less heavy coriaceous leaflets. Pittier gives the average calyx length
of his species as 5 mm., the corolla 9 mm. F.M. Neg. 1134.
Loreto: Caballo-Cocha, Williams 2158. Pumayacu, Klug 3155
(det. Standl., 7. punctata). Rio Acre: Seringal San Francisco,
Ule 9425, type. Bolivia; Brazil.
Inga adenophylla Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 210.
1916.
Shortly rusty villous-tomentulose except the winged leaf-rachis
and leaflets above, these sparsely pubescent; glands small, slightly
raised and subcupulate not only between the 5-6 pairs of oblong-
elliptic leaflets but ordinarily 1 to several, even as many as 6 scattered
along the more densely pubescent midnerve of each leaflet; leaflets
rounded at base, obtuse or acute and mucronulate, coriaceous,
strongly nerved and reticulate beneath, the larger 8-11 cm. long,
3.5-5.5 cm. broad, mostly about 9 cm. long, 3.5 cm. broad; peduncles
often geminate, 2-5 cm. long; bractlets linear-lanceolate to 7 mm.
long, caducous by anthesis; flowers sessile, the calyx to 8.5 mm.
long, with very short teeth or these to 3 mm. long; corolla silky-
villous, somewhat dilated at apex, 15-17 mm. long, the lobes about
3 mm. long; stamen tube included or slightly exserted; pods funicu-
liform, 10-15 cm. long, about 8 mm. thick, rusty-tomentulose,
the sulcate margins almost entirely covering the valves. Nearly
14 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
I. affinis DC. to which it could be referred as a variety but the glands
are more consistently and uniformly present on the upper surfaces
of the leaflets. The species is probably I. Feuittei as to most of
Weberbauer's citations.
Junin: Huacapistana, 1,800 meters, Killip & Smith 24185;
(Raimondi). Colonia Perene", 600 meters, Killip & Smith 25127
(det. Harms, I. affinis?}. La Merced, Killip & Smith 23412;
24045. Chanchamayo, Isern 2438. Ayacucho: Aina, Killip &
Smith 22613; 23194 (the former in open woods, the latter cul-
tivated, shaped like an apple tree). Cuzco: Valle de San Miguel,
2,200 meters, Herrera 1982. Valle del Apurimac, 2,800 meters,
Herrera 1179. Puno: Near Sandia, Weberbauer 1059 (det. Harms,
I. affinis); (Raimondi). Bolivia. "Pasae," "paccai," "kkusillo-
paccai," "pacay."
Inga aggregata G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 391. 1832; 609.
Glabrous except for the minutely puberulent subsessile ovoid
spikes solitary or clustered in the defoliate axils of the slender
branchlets; leaf-rachis obscurely or narrowly margined, the glands
depressed; leaflets at least mostly 3-4 pairs, oblong-elliptic, some-
what oblique at base, rather obtusely acuminate, the larger 1.5 dm.
long, nearly half as broad, membranous, or in age subcoriaceous,
lustrous, finely reticulate-veined, especially beneath; calyx puberu-
lent, about 1 mm. long; corolla 5-6 mm. long, glabrous, the stamen
tube long-exserted ; pods (fide Bentham) straight or arcuate, 12-14
mm. broad. Cf. /. tenuirama Harms under I. punctata. F.M.
Negs. 1071; 32062.
Huanuco: Pueblo Nuevo, Ruiz & Pavdn. Loreto: Yurimaguas,
Poeppig 2208 (det. Benth.). Yarina Cocha, Middle Ucayali,
Tessmann 3425 (det. Harms, /. alba affine). Bolivia.
Inga alba (Swartz) Willd. Sp. PL 4: 1013. 1806; 610. Mimosa
alba Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 2: 796. 1800.
Young branchlets densely white lenticellate and the peduncles
and leaf-rachi (these emarginate or usually slightly margined between
the upper pairs of leaflets, the glands depressed), puberulent or even
tomentulose, the minute trichomes rusty; leaflets 3-4 (5) pairs,
ovate, elliptic or oblong-obovate, more or less oblique at the shortly
narrowed base, shortly and obtusely acuminate, mostly to about
10 cm. long, 4 cm. broad or on new shoots somewhat larger, on the
flowering branchlets often a third smaller, membranous, glabrous,
prominently reticulate-veined and lustrous both sides; peduncles
FLORA OF PERU 15
rarely 1 cm. long, fascicled in the axils or on short branchlets from
the older wood below the leaves, the spikes scarcely 1 cm. long;
calyx minutely puberulent, 1 mm. long or little longer, the glabrous
corolla 3.5 to less than 4 mm. long, the slender stamen tube long-
exserted; pods sessile, to 15 cm. long, 15-18 mm. broad, pulverulent
or glabrous. Tree sometimes 30 meters high, the flowers white.
Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi. 126.
Peru (possibly). Brazil to the Guianas and Venezuela.
Inga aliena Macbr., spec. nov.
Frutex, 1.5 m. altus vel altior; ramulis subadpresse denseque
hirsuto-pubescentibus; stipulis ovato-lanceolatis, setaceo-caudatis,
striatis, 8 mm. longis, 2 mm. latis; foliolis 3-jugis petiolulatis (petiolo
communi conspicue alato) anguste oblongo-ellipticis vel -lanceolatis,
basi in petiolulum angustatis, apicem versus attenuatis et setaceo-
mucronatis, ad 8 cm. longis, 2.5 cm. latis, coriaceis, utrinque sparse
adpresseque hispidulis, nitidulis; pedunculis axillaribus circa 5 cm.
longis; capitulis ovoideis; bracteis persistentibus lanceolatis; floribus
sessilibus, corolla dense strigoso-setulosa calyce sparse setuloso 6 mm.
longo duplo longiore. Perhaps allied to /. stenoptera Benth. with
2 pairs of thinner leaflets, narrower winged petioles and less persistent
bracts. A detached pod is closely veined transversely, sparsely
hispidulous, 8 cm. long, 8 mm. wide.
Loreto: Pumayacu, near Balsapuerto, King 3170, type.
Inga altissima Ducke, Archiv. Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio Jan. 4: 4.
1938.
Affine I. alba; leaflets usually 6 pairs (4-6), oblong-lanceolate,
the larger to 12 cm. long, 4 cm. broad, rather coriaceous, the narrow
rachis not dilated, the elevated glands with narrowed, somewhat
stipe-like bases; peduncles 12-20 mm. long, the spike short and
dense, nearly all closely fascicled on branchlets below the leaves;
flowers white, the calyx 1.5-2 mm. long, the corolla about 5 mm.
long. Remarkable for its height, about 40 meters, with stout
cylindrical trunk, the related species rarely attaining 30 meters
(Ducke). The type from Tabatinga in non-inundated woods across
the Amazonian boundary with Peru.
Peru (undoubtedly). Brazil.
Inga apta Macbr., spec. nov.
Arbor ad 10 m. alta; ramulis subangulatis, glabris; foliolis 2-jugis,
sessilibus (petiolo communi distincte alato) elliptico-oblongis ad
16 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
basin oblique attenuatis (basi ipse cordatulatis) apice breviter acutis
vel obtuse acuminatis, majoribus 14 cm. longis, 6 cm. latis, coriaceis,
nitidis, glabris ubique mediocriter reticulato-venosis; spicis sub-
sessilibus 2-3 axillaribus 3.5 cm. longis; bracteis caducis glabris
1 cm. longis, 3 mm. latis; bracteolis minutis, ovatis, subpersistentibus;
floribus sessilibus corolla minutissime parceque adpresse puberula
3.5 mm. longa calycem plus triple excedente, staminum tubo demum
paullo exserto. Distributed as /. fagifolia, an obscure species (as
to type) presumably related to /. marginata.
San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1,100 meters, Klug
3654, type.
Inga aria Macbr., spec. nov.
Arbor 5 m. alta; ramulis junioribus pedunculisque breviter et
molliter ferrugineo-pubescentibus; foliolis 5-7-jugis, subsessilibus
(petiolo communi late alato) ovato- vel oblongo-lanceolatis, basi
oblique subrotundatis, apice acute acuminatis, circa 8 cm. longis,
3.5 cm. latis, chartaceis, supra sparse scabro-hispidulis, subtus
mediocriter dense pilosis praesertim ad nervos; nervis lateralibus
supra obscuris, subtus prominulis; pedunculis geminatis ad 3 cm.
longis; floribus sessilibus, calyce dense sericeo-strigoso 5 mm. longo,
corolla conspicue et crispe villosa 2 cm. longa. Resembles /. dysantha
Benth., 626, of northern Brazil, with fewer lustrous leaflets and laxly
flowered spikes. The corollas are nearly those of the related /.
cayennensis Sagot with glabrate calyces typically pedicellate or
rarely even subsessile (forma sessiliflora Ducke); Sagot's species,
too, is more loosely hirsutulous. The shield-like wings to the petioles
have suggested the name.
Loreto: Balsapuerto, Klug 3111, type.
Inga August! Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 16: 245. 1919.
Shortly branched, densely leafy, the younger somewhat reddish
branchlets slightly angled, lenticellate, glabrous or nearly; leaflets
2-5 pairs (rachis rather conspicuously winged), the uppermost
gradually larger, 5-7 cm. long, 2.5-3.5 cm. broad, mostly oblong-
obovate, obliquely narrowed at base, shortly and bluntly acuminate
or obtuse, chartaceous or subcoriaceous, glabrous; peduncles solitary
or geminate, axillary, 2.5-5 cm. long; flowers umbellate, the glabrous
pedicels 2-5 mm. long; calyx cupulate, obscurely denticulate, the
margin sparsely puberulent, 1-2 mm. long; corolla glabrous except
for the lobe- tips, 5-6 mm. long, the stamen tube included. Tree
to 7 meters high of evergreen montana. F.M. Neg. 1135.
FLORA OF PERU 17
Huanuco: Between Chaglla and Muna, 2,500 meters, Weberbauer
6705, type. Yanano, 8728.
Inga auristellae Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 298. 1915.
Younger parts shortly villous-puberulent, the leaves soon gla-
brous; leaf-rachi narrowly winged, the gland patelliform; leaflets
subsessile, 2-3 pairs, broadly elliptic or slightly obovate, obliquely
obtuse at base, acutely or obtusely rather abruptly but shortly
acuminate, coriaceous, lustrous above, reticulate-veined beneath,
4-10 cm. long, 2-6 cm. broad; spikes often geminate in the axils,
shorter than the leaves, the peduncles 2-3.5 cm. long; bracts oblanceo-
late, 4-6 mm. long, sparsely hirsutulous, as also the calyx, this only
3-3.5 mm. long; corolla 7-8 mm. long, glabrous except at the shortly
lobed tip, the stamen tube little if at all exserted. Tree or shrub
5-15 meters high with white flowers and, according to Ducke, with
flat pods (slightly raised over the seeds) curved, the sutures little
dilated, 10-12 cm. long, about 2 cm. broad. F.M. Neg. 1136.
Rio Acre: Seringal Auristella, Vie 9426, type. Brazil; Dutch
Guiana.
Inga Bonplandiana Kunth in HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 288.
1824; 617.
Glabrous except for the pubescent thickened petiole and the
silky-pubescent corollas, these twice as long as the tubular calyces;
leaflets 5 pairs, elliptic-oblong, rounded or subcordate at base, acute,
the terminal about 12 cm. long, half as broad, the lower gradually
smaller, the lowest scarcely 5 cm. long, subcoriaceous, reticulate-
veined beneath, lustrous above; rachis glabrous, bristle- tipped,
winged, the wings 2 cm. broad, narrowed below, the glands orbicular,
cupulate, sessile; flowers spicate, sessile; pods 5-10 cm. long, glabrous,
the margins elevated. Description after Kunth who according to
Bentham saw only a leaf, his description of the flowers being drawn
from Bonpland's notes. The species seems to be closely related to
I. chartacea, if indeed it is not the same.
Cajamarca: Between Cavico and Chontali on the banks of the
Rio Chamaya, Prov. Jae*n de Bracamoros, Bonpland, type. "Guabo."
Inga brachyrhachis Harms, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 48:
159. 1907.
Glabrous shrub or tree to about 6 meters high, the branchlets
gray-barked, obscurely lenticellate, the leaves with 2 pairs of broadly
18 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
oblong-elliptic subcoriaceous leaflets, their rachis emarginate, the
rather large gland depressed; leaflets obliquely narrowed at base,
obtusely short acuminate, reticulate-veined both sides, the larger
1.5-2 dm. long, 7-8 cm. broad ; racemes rarely 1.5 cm. long, subsessile,
borne from efoliose nodes below the leaves; pedicels 1 mm. long,
the calyx 2 mm. long, both obscurely pulverulent; corolla white,
6-7 mm. long, the stamen tube more or less exserted. F.M. Neg.
1138.
Loreto: Pongo de Cainarachi, Ule 6361, type. Mishuyacu,
King 623 (det. Harms).
Inga capita ta Desv. Journ. Bot. 3: 71. 1814; 611.
Completely smooth with glossy coriaceous leaves, their rachis
emarginate, their leaflets 2 pairs, nearly oblong, rigid-coriaceous,
usually 7-15 cm. long, 3.5-6 cm. broad, contracted at base into
petiolules 2-4 mm. long, shortly acuminate, pinnately nerved and
reticulate-veined; stipules linear or linear falcate, caducous; peduncles
axillary and subterminal or clustered, several cm. long, the ovoid
spikes finally with rachis more than 2 cm. long; bracts minute,
caducous; calyx cylindrical, finely striate, typically to 6 or 8 mm. long,
the teeth short; corolla often about 12 mm. long, white, glabrous,
the stamen tube included; pods thick, the margins slightly raised,
straight or a little curved, sessile, glabrous, but densely lenticellate,
10-12 cm. long, about 3 cm. broad (Ducke). Description after
Bentham. Var. latifolia Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 5: 120.
1930, is more robust in all parts, the leaflets to 21 cm. long, 11 cm.
broad. /. stipularis DC., 610, has broad persisting stipules, greenish
flowers 8 mm. long; /. fakistipula Ducke, I.e. 2: 56. 1918, is similar
to the DeCandolle species and like it to be expected, but is much
more slender in all parts, the stipules linear-falcate, scarcely sub-
persisting, and flowers at a different time. Different but keying here
is I. semiglabra Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 186. 1916, of
Ecuador, leaflets membranous, 3 pairs, flowers scarcely 10 mm. long,
the calyx 5-6 mm. long; its relationship is with the Brazilian I.
leiocalycina Benth., 612, also possibly extending into Peru, with
corolla 8 mm. long, silky-villous all over, the glabrous calyx 4 mm.
long. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi. 128. F.M. Neg.
33442.
Loreto: Mouth of the Santiago, Tessmann 4123 (det. Harms,
"affine"). Yurimaguas, Kuhlmann 17513 (type, var. latifolia).
Rio Acre: Ule 9914 (det. Harms, "var."); 9420. Brazil.
FLORA OF PERU 19
Inga chartacea Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 79. 1845;
616. /. calophylla Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 298. 1915.
Younger parts, especially the peduncles and leaves beneath on
the prominent reticulate veins and nerves, sparsely hirsutulous with
spreading, usually rusty trichomes; leaf-rachis usually broadly winged,
the internodes 4-6 cm. long, the scutellate glands prominent; leaflets
2-3 pairs, subsessile or stoutly petiolulate, broadly oblong-elliptic,
shortly narrowed to the truncate or subcordate base, acuminate,
rigid chartaceous, glabrous and slightly lustrous above, the nerves
impressed, the larger about 2 dm. long, nearly half as broad; peduncles
fascicled, 2 cm. long or much shorter; spikes subglobose, about 1 cm.
in diameter; calyx 2-3 mm. long, more or less puberulent, the tri-
chomes scarcely appressed; corolla somewhat silky-strigose, 5-7 mm.
long, the stamen tube included; pods 14-18 cm. long, 3-3.5 cm.
broad, densely transversely lineate, straight or curved (Ducke, as
/. calophylla). Stipules according to Ducke (as I. calophylla) small,
subpersisting, truncate at tip. Cf. /. Bonplandiana. Klug 1319
seems to belong here as to leaves, pubescence, flowers, but the leaf-
rachi are obscurely or not margined. /. cyclocarpa Ducke, Archiv.
Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 4: 14. 1925, is apparently more densely rusty-
tomentulose, leaf-rachis only margined, the peduncles sometimes
3 cm. long, the flowers rather densely pubescent, the pods strongly
arcuate, often nearly circinate. F.M. Negs. 1076; 1142 (/. calophylla).
San Martin: Chazuta, Klug 4108 (distributed under an un-
published name after the locality). Loreto: Yurimaguas, Poeppig
2479, type. Balsapuerto, Klug 3087; 3092. Mishuyacu, Klug 1319(1) .
Iquitos, Tessmann 3563 (det. Harms, /. Bourgoni). Rio Acre: Ule
9427 (type, /. calophylla). Bolivia; Brazil.
Inga cinnamomea Spruce ex Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt.
2: 470. 1876.
Glabrous tree, the leaves with 3 pairs of oblong-elliptic leaflets,
the flowers sessile in long peduncled heads; rachis emarginate, the
glands small; leaflets shortly acuminate or rounded at tip, more or
less cuneate at base (petiolule 4-6 mm. long), membranous-charta-
ceous, concolored, prominently pinnate-nerved and slenderly veined,
the larger to 2 dm. long, 8 cm. broad; peduncles 5-8 cm. long, some-
times fascicled in short racemes at the nodes; flower-heads globose,
the caducous bracts narrowly linear, shorter than the calyx, this
(3) 5 mm. long, attenuate at base, shortly dentate, scarcely exceeded
by the corolla; stamens white, the tube shortly exserted. Stipules
20 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
foliaceous, more or less persisting according to Pittier. Flowers
delightfully fragrant of cinnamon, the tree beautiful, 15 meters tall
or taller (Spruce). Branches frequently inhabited by ants (Pseu-
domyrma), the fruit large (Ducke). Illustrated, Mart. I.e. pi. 124.
Rio Acre: Ule 9432 (det. Harms). Mouth of Rio Macauhan,
Krukoff 5654W. Brazil. "Inga-assu."
Inga conferta Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 620.
1845; 630.
Branchlets, these angled, leaflets both sides and inflorescences
except the silky-villous corollas finely puberulent; leaf-rachis and
glands prominent; leaflets 5-6 pairs, oblong-elliptic, shortly acumi-
nate, 1-3 dm. long, 5 cm. to about half as broad, subcoriaceous,
prominently reticulate beneath, the conspicuous nerves only about
5 mm. distant; peduncles fascicled, the upper closely corymbose,
only 1-2 cm. long, about equaled by the spikes; calyx 6 mm. long,
the corolla 12-14 mm. long; stamen tube little if at all exserted.
The oblong-lanceolate bracts about 5 mm. long are caducous at
anthesis. Cf. I. scabrittscula under /. edulis.
San Martin: Tarapoto, (Mathews 1595, type). San Roque, 1,400
meters, Williams 7354 (det. Harms, /. edulis). Junin: Chanchamayo
Valley, 1,200 meters, Schunke 399 (distr. as /. scabriuscula).
"Guava."
Inga cordatoalata Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 53.
1922.
Glabrous, with bifoliate leaves, the petioles 1-2 cm. long, rather
conspicuously wing-margined, with a sessile cupulate gland at apex;
leaflets oblong-elliptic or obliquely ovate-oblong, obtusely acumi-
nate, mostly 7-12 cm. long, 3-4.5 cm. broad, coriaceous, lustrous
and obscurely veiny above, distinctly so beneath; racemes often
binate in the axils or at the old defoliate leaf-nodes, shortly
peduncled, 5 cm. long or longer, laxly flowered, the pedicels nearly
1 mm. long or shorter; calyx minute, less than 1 mm. long; corolla
to 3.5 mm. long, the stamen tube not exserted; pods about 1 dm.
long, 2 cm. broad, rounded at both ends, apiculate at tip, strongly
impressed between the seeds, the margins nerviform. Tree to 12
meters, the flowers white. F.M. Neg. 1144.
Loreto: Pumayacu, Klug 3189 (det. Standl.). Brazil.
Inga coriacea (Pers.) Desv. Journ. Bot. 1: 71. 1814; 603.
Mimosa coriacea Pers. Syn. PI. 2: 262. 1807. /. sertulifera DC.
Prodr. 2: 436. 1825.
FLORA OF PERU 21
Allied to C. myriantha but the peduncles and pedicels longer or
at least very slender, the latter even thread-like and the leaf-rachis
nearly or quite emarginate; leaflets 1 or 2 pairs, ovate, acuminate,
lustrous, coriaceous, the larger 15 cm. long, half as broad, often
much smaller; peduncles sometimes fasciculate; pedicels numerous,
8-15 mm. long, or longer; calyx about 2 mm. long, the corolla 8-10
mm. long, the stamen tube more or less exserted; pods subsessile
to 10 cm. long, 2.5 cm. broad. The var. leptopus (Benth.) Macbr.,
comb. nov. (I. leptopus Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 580.
1845; I. sertulifera var. leptopus Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 603.
1875), has extraordinarily slender pedicels even 2.5 cm. long.
Possibly the Peruvian material should all be referred to the variety;
the young branchlets of the typical form are puberulent, lenticellate,
the stamen tube scarcely exserted, the flowers somewhat smaller.
To 10 meters tall, with slender columnar trunk, the bark with short
horizontal ridges and numerous lenticels (Williams). Illustrated,
Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: pi. 86. F.M. Neg. 28121.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 6800 (det. Harms). Lamas,
Mathews 1592. Loreto: Florida, Klug 2318 (var.). Locality un-
known, Poeppig 2146. Rio Acre: Ule 9422 (or strongly affine,
Harms). To the Guianas.
Inga cynometrifolia Harms, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 48:
159. 1907.
Glabrous or nearly, with short often curved or tortuous branch-
lets; leaflets mostly 2 pairs, obovate-oblong, cuneately acute at base,
obtuse or very shortly and obtusely acuminate, finally coriaceous,
lustrous, 2.5-5 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. broad; rachis slightly if at all
margined; peduncles 2-3.5 cm. long, the pedicels 7-11 mm. long,
puberulent or glabrous; umbels many-flowered; calyx 3-4 mm.
long, the corolla 9-10 mm. long; stamen tube little exserted.
Separated by the author from I. sciadion Steud. by its essentially
emarginate rachis and slightly puberulent inflorescence and from
/. umbellifera Steud. by the smaller and less acuminate leaflets. It
may be a variety of /. tarapotensis. F.M. Neg. 1146.
San Martin: Juan Guerra, Ule 6452, type. Chazuta, Klug 4151.
Inga densiflora Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 617. 1875.
Doubtfully distinct from I. chartacea (or /. Bonplandiana) but
as to type, the leaflets to 15 cm. long, 5 cm. wide or smaller, their
internodes only 2-2.5 cm. long, the glands small; peduncles short,
22 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
corymbosely crowded at the apex of the branchlets, fasciculate on
a rachis 5-7 cm. long; bracts 2 mm. long, persisting; calyx 3-4 mm.
long, the sericeous corolla 8 mm. long; pods 3 dm. long, 5 cm. broad,
thick, hard, transversely lineate. Leaflets lustrous and subglabrous
above, pubescent beneath. F.M. Neg. 1078.
San Martin: Near Tarapoto, Spruce 4504, type. Colombia?
Inga Donaeana Macbr., spec. nov.
/. Pavonianae partium omnium forma et dimensionibus similis
differt foliolis supra sparse hirsutulis, subtus submolliter pilosis;
calyce striato, dense adpresse striguloso haud setuloso; staminum
tubo haud exserto. Included by Bentham in /. Pavoniana but not
at all that species as to pubescence of calyx; that of the leaves is
softer. It seems necessary to accept a much wider range of varia-
tion in specific lines here or consider it as distinct. Mathews 307,
1924 from Casapi may belong here (not seen). The pod (probably
belonging here rather than to /. Pavoniana), presumably according
to Bentham to be associated with this tree, was described as 7.5
cm. long, 2.5 cm. wide, glabrous, fleshy, the margins strongly
elevated. F.M. Negs. 1104; 32060.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4503, type.
Inga edulis Mart. Flora 20: Beibl. 2: 113. 1837; 630.
Usually small tree or sometimes attaining 16 meters, the branch-
lets, peduncles and leaf-rachi rusty-puberulent, the latter promi-
nently wing-margined, the cupulate glands large; leaflets 4-6 pairs,
oblong-elliptic, acuminate, the terminal 1.5 dm. long, about half
as broad, membranous, minutely puberulent both sides, more densely
so on the reticulate nerves and veins beneath; peduncles 2-4 cm.
long, solitary in the upper axils or fasciculate and subcorymbose;
flowers sessile, the puberulent tomentulose striate calyx 5-8 mm.
long, the silky-villous corolla 14-20 mm. long; bractlets oblong-
lanceolate, about 5 mm. long, caducous by full anthesis; pods often
3 dm. long or longer, about 1 cm. thick, subterete by the develop-
ment of the multisulcate margins, the faces thus nearly covered.
Frequently cultivated near dwellings for the edible fruits and,
according to Williams, common in thickets and wooded swamps.
The following collections (det. Harms) match several made by Tess-
mann in Loreto. /. scabriuscula Benth., 629, has more open-faced
pods, often smaller leaflets, the indument, fide Ducke, more per-
sistent, the calyx more minutely puberulent; it seems to be doubt-
FLORA OF PERU 23
fully distinguishable in flower. Ducke, Leg. Amaz. Bras. 22. 1939,
includes Peru in its range but I have seen no specimens that are
not more probably /. edulis unless /. conferta, which compare, is
the same. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi. 136.
San Martin: Juan Guerra, 720 meters, Williams 6896. Loreto:
La Victoria, Williams 2690. Rio Nanay, Williams 273. Pro,
Williams 1997. Near Iquitos, Kittip & Smith 29869; Williams 7893.
Yurimaguas, Williams 4223; Killip & Smith 27662. To the Guianas
and Central America. "Inga cipo," "guaba," "pacay."
Inga Endlicheri (Kuntze) Macbr., comb. nov. Feuilleea End-
licheri Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 185. 1891. /. fasciculata Poepp. &
Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 79. 1845, not Willd. 1806.
Allied to C. edulis and marked chiefly by the softer short-pilose
pubescence of the leaflets beneath and the smaller flowers, these
only 8-11 mm. long; leaflets 4 pairs, broadly elliptic, acute, rounded
at base, the larger 15 cm. long, half as broad; bracts ovate, 2 mm.
long, subpersisting, the calyx about 5 mm. long; pods plane, com-
pressed, finally glabrous, to 2 dm. long, 2.5 cm. thick with a sweet
edible pulp, the consistency of cotton. The lateral leaf nerves
beneath are rather prominent, 8-10 mm. distant, the veins rather
obscure. F.M. Neg. 1082.
Huanuco: Cuchero, Poeppig 1340, type. "Pacay amarillo."
Inga Feuillei DC. Prodr. 2: 433. 1825; 628. I. Cumingiana
Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 616. 1845.
Young branchlets, leaf-rachi, inflorescences including the calyces
and pods densely rusty pubescent with a short tomentose-villous
indument; rachis wings rather prominent, the glands scarcely so;
leaflets 3-5 pairs, oblong-elliptic, obliquely rounded at base, acumi-
nate, finely reticulate, sparsely hirsutulous above, or the midnerve
usually rusty-villous, hirsute-villous on the nerves and veins beneath,
subcoriaceous, the larger terminal ones 1-2 dm. long, about 8 cm.
broad; peduncles axillary, 4-11 cm. long, the spikes to 3 cm. long;
bracts linear, shorter than the calyx, mostly persisting until after
anthesis; calyx tubular, 8-10 mm. long with short acutish teeth;
corolla densely sericeous-villous, 17 mm. long, or slightly longer,
the stamen tube included; pods flat, 2 to several dm. long, about
2 cm. broad with dilated obscurely bisulcate margins. Becoming
a large tree with spreading crown.
As noted by the first collector, commonly planted in Lima for
shade and for the pods which under the name of "pacai" are much
24 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
appreciated for the succulent sweet pulp about the seeds; this
according to Ruiz & Pavon is like white cotton, juicy and sweet,
of pleasant flavor and is much esteemed by the fair sex because real
de pacai serves for entertainment at the holidays. Pittier, Contr.
U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 197. 1916, pointed out the real identity of
DeCandolle's species and most of the many references given by
Weberbauer probably refer to /. adenophylla, the species in a strict
sense apparently being confined to Lima and vicinity. It com-
memorates the French priest Louis Feuille"e whose three volume
Journal des Observations Physiques, Mathematiques et Botaniques
was the first scientific account of the plants of Peru. He lived
in Peru and Chile from 1709 to 1711.
Lima: Chosica, 502. Near Lima, FeuilUe, type; Raimondi;
Cuming 980 (type, /. Cumingiana). Cuzco: Santa Ana, in coca
field, 900 meters, Cook & Gilbert 1573, fide Pittier. "Pacai."
Inga graciliflora Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 582. 1845; 603.
Similar to I. coriacea; branchlets slender, puberulent or glabrate
as also the emarginate leaflets; leaflets 3 pairs, oblong-elliptic, the
larger 1.5 dm. long, half as broad, somewhat puberulent on the nerves
beneath, firm chartaceous; umbels lateral, subsessile or the puberu-
lent peduncles to 10 mm. long, the pedicels about half as long;
flowers typically slightly puberulent, the calyx scarcely 1 mm. long,
the corolla 6 mm. long, the stamen tube long-exserted. The Peru-
vian form may be known as var. peruviana Macbr., var. nov., foliis
praecipue ad nervos puberulis, late ellipticis. Williams 684, type.
About 15 meters with spreading crown, uncommon in dense forests
(Williams). F.M. Neg. 28114.
Loreto: Rio Itaya, Tessmann 5214 (det. Harms). Rio Nanay,
Williams 684. British Guiana.
Inga heterophylla Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1020. 1806; 602. /. um-
bellata G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 391. 1852.
Shrub or small tree, glabrous, the densely leafy branchlets slender;
leaflets 1-2 (3-4) pairs, oblong-lanceolate, gradually acuminate,
coriaceous, lustrous, the larger 5-7 cm. long; peduncles 5-15 mm.
long, the pedicels 4-8 mm. long; calyx scarcely 1 mm. long, the
corolla 5-6 mm. long, the stamen tube more or less exserted; pods
shortly stiped to 12 cm. long or longer, 1-2 cm. broad; rachis ob-
scurely if at all margined. /. mapiriensis Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 18: 174. 1916, has, in type from Bolivia, calyx 2.5-3 mm. long,
FLORA OF PERU 25
corolla 7-8 mm. long; in other material the distinction is not marked.
/. Duckei Huber, Amazonian, Bol. Mus. Goeldi 5: 375. 1909, if sought
here may be known by its subsessile flowers and large pods only
4-5 cm. long; the rachis of the capitate inflorescences is 4-10 mm.
long (Ducke). F.M. Negs. 1087; 23029.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4583. Near Moyobamba, King
3521. Junin: San Ramon, Killip & Smith 24798. Ayacucho:
Choimacota Valley, evergreen bush-wood, 1,400 meters, Weberbauer
7541. To the West Indies.
Inga hirsutissima Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 349. 1907.
/. chrysotricha Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 202. 1916.
Strikingly hirsute with spreading yellow trichomes, only the
membranous striate broad persisting stipules and bracts and the
strongly toothed calyces lightly so or even glabrate; leaf-rachis
winged with paired or confluent glands between the 1-5 pairs of
leaflets, these ovate-oblong, subsessile, rounded at base, acutely
acuminate, membranous, the larger to 12 cm. long, half as broad,
the basal pair about a third as large; peduncles solitary or geminate,
usually several cm. long, the spikes ovoid; calyx 7-14 mm. long, or
somewhat longer, the teeth narrowly ovate or linear-oblong; corolla
15-20 mm. long, densely villous, the stamen tube included; pods
about 2 dm. long, 4 cm. broad, stiped, rounded and cuspidate at
tip, densely golden-hispid. Pittier's species was separated chiefly
on the basis of larger flowers, the calyx to 16 mm. long or slightly
longer, the corolla to 22 mm. long, while the equivalent dimensions
for Rusby's plant are scarcely 7 mm. and 16 mm.; however, these
differences it seems to me do not hold nor as shown by examination
of cotype sheets is there any constancy in the confluence and separa-
tion of the rachis glands.
Cuzco: Lucmayo Valley, Cook & Gilbert 1390 (det. Pittier, /.
chrysotricha). Bolivia. "Pacay."
Inga ingoides (Rich.) Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1012. 1806; 631. Mimosa
ingoides Rich. Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 113. 1792.
Tree, the angled branchlets and peduncles reddish-brown or
rusty tomentose-puberulent; leaf-rachis broadly winged, the glands
orbicular, rather conspicuous, the leaflets usually 4-5 pairs, broadly
elliptic, rounded at base, shortly acuminate, the larger 15 cm. long,
8-10 cm. broad, the lowest pair less than half as large, finally sub-
coriaceous, puberulent above, rather softly pubescent beneath;
26 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
peduncles 1-3 cm. long, solitary or fascicled in axillary racemes and
subtended by subpersisting bracts; racemes about 3 cm. long, the
small oblong bracts caducous, the pedicels 3-8 mm. long; calyx about
8 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, the corolla 12-14 mm. long, silky-villous;
stamen tube included; pods similar to those of /. edulis but nearly
twice as thick according to Pittier. Sometimes over 20 meters tall
with straight columnar trunk, the bark light-colored with short
horizontal fissures (Williams). Illustrated, Kunth, Mimoseae, pi. 14,'
Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: pi. 105 (fruit).
Loreto: La Victoria, Williams 2694. Rio Itaya, Williams 8293.
To the West Indies and Central America. "Shimbillo."
Inga Killipiana Macbr., spec. nov.
Arbor 5 m. alta; ramulis junioribus petiolis pedunculisque dense
fulvo-villoso-tomentosis; foliolis 4-jugis petiolulatis (petiolo communi
haud marginatis, glandulis conspicuis cupuliformis) obovatis apice
abrupte acutis, ad 14 cm. longis, 7 cm. latis, subcoriaceis, supra
leviter subadpresse hispidulosis, margine (et costa media praesertim
ad basin) conspicue fulvo-villosis, subtus imprimis ad nervos sub-
adpresse pilosis, venulis tenuiter reticulatis; pedunculis solitariis,
3-6 cm. longis; spicis ovoideis, 3 cm. longis; bracteis caducis; floribus
sessilibus, calyce sparse hispidulo-setuloso, 10 mm. longo; corolla
17 mm. longa, flava, dense sericeo-strigosa; filamentorum tubus haud
exsertus. Related to I. peltadenia and /. setifera. I. rhabdotocalyx
Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 13: 526. 1915, Ecuadorian, is similar but
the pubescence is hirsutulous.
San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1,100 meters, Klug
3743, type.
Inga Klugii Standl., in herb.
Arbor, 7 m. alta, glabra; foliolis 2 jugis breviter petiolulatis
(petiolo communi haud marginato) late ellipticis vel subobovatis
paullo ad basin oblique angustatis, apice rotundatis, apiculatis vel
obtusis, ad 18 cm. longis, 10 cm. latis subcoriaceis, vix nitidulis supra
obscure subtus distincte tenuiterque reticulato-venosis; spicis ses-
silibus (vel fere) solitariis vel geminatis, axillaribus vel supra axillari-
bus, 1-5 cm. longis; bracteolis minutis ut videtur caducis; floribus
sessilibus, calyce obscure pulverulento vix 1 mm. longo, corolla
(vel lobis plus minusve exceptis) glabra 5 mm. longa, staminum tubo
longe exserto. Suggests I. Bourgoni (Aubl.) DC. of the Guianas,
FLORA OF PERU 27
a species with margined petioles, usually peduncled and fascicled
spikes with somewhat larger flowers. Flowers cream-colored (Klug).
San Martin: Chazuta, 260 meters, Klug 4112, type.
Inga lallensis Spruce ex Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 603.
1875.
Glabrate or the branchlets early minutely puberulent, otherwise
glabrous; stipules small; rachis emarginate with 3-4 pairs of oblong
elliptic acuminate leaflets; flowers white in densely flowered axillary
geminate long-peduncled umbels; leaflets acute at base, the larger
1.5 (2) dm. long, 5 (9) cm. broad, finally chartaceous, slightly or
not at all lustrous; peduncles 6-12 cm. long, the pedicels to 4 mm.
long; calyx 2 mm. long, the corolla about 7 mm. long; stamen tube
slightly exserted. Attains 12 meters. The Schunke specimen has
lustrous subcoriaceous ample leaflets, corollas 7-9 mm. long; cf.
/. tenuistipula and note. I. inundata Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot.
Rio Jan. 3: 48. 1922, has corolla 10-12 mm. long, the peduncles
only 2-4 cm. long.
Loreto: Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 257 (distr. as I. umbratica).
Woods above Lalla, eastern Peru, (Spruce, type). "Shymbillo."
Inga lateriflora Miq. in Linnaea 19: 131. 1845; 602.
Similar to 7. myriantha but typically with subequal pedicels and
calyx, each only 1 mm. long; corolla 4-5 mm. long; peduncles to
1.5 cm. long; leaflets 2-3 pairs, coriaceous, lustrous, lanceolate or
ovate-oblong, obtusely acuminate, acute at base, the larger 5-7.5 cm.
long, about 2.5 cm. broad; umbels mostly 2 to several, racemosely
disposed on short branchlets or sometimes fascicled; stamen tube
long-exserted; pods shortly stiped, to 15 cm. long, 12 mm. broad,
glabrous. Several Peruvian collections have been referred to this
species; cf. 7. myriantha. I. obidensis Ducke, and var. pilosa Ducke,
both Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 9: 49. 1922, found as near Peru as
the Rio Purus, have broader leaflets, flowers about a third larger.
F.M. Neg. 1089.
Peru (perhaps). Brazil to Surinam.
Inga laxiflora Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 617. 1845;
631.
Reddish velutinous on the younger parts and calyces as 7. ingoides,
but the leaflets oblong-elliptic, the larger 8 cm. long, 2.5 cm. broad,
the peduncles about 6 cm. long supporting a laxly flowered raceme
28 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
nearly as long; leaflets in age somewhat lustrous and hirsutulous on
both sides; bracts oblong-linear, caducous; pedicels 2-4 mm. long,
calyx 8 mm. long, the corolla 18 mm. long; stamen tube slightly
exserted. F.M. Neg. 28120.
Peru: Sesuya, Mathews 3274, type.
Inga lineata Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 594. 1845;
613. 7. monzonensis Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 88. 1908.
Branchlets, petioles and peduncles densely rusty-puberulent with
short, somewhat spreading firm trichomes; rachis emarginate, the
glands large, sessile, cupulate, the terminal bristle subpersisting;
leaflets 3-4 pairs, ovate or oblong-elliptic, obliquely narrowed to
the obtuse or rounded base, acuminate, the largest 15 cm. long,
nearly half as broad, lustrous and slightly reticulate-veined above,
appressed strigillose both sides especially on the midnerve and
prominent but slender parallel lateral nerves beneath, these also
clearly marked above; peduncles fascicled in the axils, 1-3 cm. long,
the upper shortly panicled, the rather laxly flowered spikes about
2 cm. long; bracts minute, subpersisting; calyx sparsely appressed
puberulent, 3 mm. long; corolla 4-5 mm. long, silky-strigose, the
stamen tube included or shortly exserted. F.M. Neg. 28123 (7.
monzonensis).
San Martin: Tarapoto, Mathews 1594, type. Near Moyobamba,
1,100 meters, tree 20 meters, the flowers cream-colored, Klug 3695
(det. Standl., 7. punctate,). Huanuco: Between Monzon and the
Rio Huallaga, 600 meters, Weberbauer 3644 (type, 7. monzonensis).
Inga longipes Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 617. 1875.
To 8 meters high with spreading crown, the ample leaflets beneath
and peduncles shortly and softly rusty-tomentose; leaf-rachis wings
1-2.5 cm. broad, the glands depressed; leaflets 3-4 pairs, about 2 dm.
long, half as wide, subcoriaceous, impressed, reticulate-veined above
and glabrate except for the densely pubescent midnerve; spikes
oblong, 4-7 cm. long on peduncles as long or longer, the almost
minute bracts caducous after anthesis; calyx glabrous, finely striate,
12 mm. long, the silky- villous corolla about twice as long; stamen
yellowish-green, the tube included. The Williams collection was
determined by Harms as 7. velutina; the immature pods showing
a strigose calyx are strongly curved, 10 cm. long, nearly 2 cm. broad,
the faces nearly closed by the flat enlarged margins, densely rusty-
tomentose. F.M. Neg. 1094.
FLORA OF PERU 29
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4935, type. Juanjui, King 4381.
Loreto: Santa Rosa, Williams 4777(1). "Rosea-shimbillo."
Inga lopadadenia Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 10: 178.
1927.
Tree, the glabrous branchlets densely lenticellate, angulate, the
leaf-rachis glands conspicuous, orbicular, cupulate, the leaflets 3 or
4 pairs, shortly petiolulate, elliptic, sometimes broadly so, even to
9 cm. wide and twice as long, usually a third smaller, slightly oblique
at the rounded base, shortly acuminate, glabrous, subcoriaceous,
the lateral nerves slightly impressed above, prominent beneath;
spikes axillary, geminate or solitary or sometimes fascicled on short
branchlets, many-flowered, 7-12 cm. long, puberulent; calyces sub-
sessile, about 1 mm. long, puberulent as the corolla, this 4-4.5 mm.
long, the stamen tube little exserted. Type 8 meters high, in flood-
free woods, the flowers greenish, somewhat fragrant (Tessmann);
flowers white (Klug). F.M. Neg. 1154.
Loreto: Near Iquitos, Tessmann 5121, type; Klug 1154 (det.
Harms). Florida, Klug 2128. "Mitifio."
Inga loretana Macbr., spec. nov.
Arbor 8 m. alta; ramulis teretibus junioribus pedunculisque
paullo puberulentis demum glabratis; foliolis 4-5 jugis crasse
petiolulatis (petiolo communi nudo) late ellipticis, 10-16 cm. longis,
4.5-7.5 cm. latis, cuspidatis, basi suboblique rotundatis, rigide
chartaceis, glabris, vix nitidulis, praecipue subtus reticulato-venosis;
pedunculis ut videtur plus minusve paniculatis interdum 5 cm. longis;
floribus capitatis evidenter pedicellatis (pedicellis ad 2.5 mm. longis)
calyce minute puberulento, vix striato circa 6 mm. longo, corolla
breviter adpresseque strigosa circa 12 mm. longa. Flowers white;
bracts small, caducous; rachis glands orbicular, sessile, moderately
large. There is only one ovoid head developed.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 1308 (type, U. S. Nat. Mus.).
Inga macrophylla Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1015.
1806; 622. /. calocephala Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 78.
1845, fide Benth.
Tree with flexuous angled branchlets, ample bright green leaves
consisting of 3-4 pairs of broadly oval leaflets, and geminate or
fasciculate peduncled ovoid spikes of white flowers with glabrous
calyces, lustrous-villous elongate corollas and many white long-
30 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
exserted stamens; stipules rotund ovate, often 1 cm. broad and as
long or longer, persisting; leaf-rachis broadly winged, the cupulate
glands prominent; leaflets shortly acuminate, rounded at base,
usually 2 dm. long or longer, half as wide, chartaceous, lustrous
above, paler beneath, slightly hispidulous on the nerves, these
prominent, the veins reticulate; peduncles hispidulous or glabrate,
2-6 cm. long, the ovoid spikes persistently bracted, the bracts about
6 mm. long, half as broad; calyces tubular, striate, to 15 mm.
long, sometimes with a few trichomes, the corolla finally 4 cm. long;
stamen tube included as to Peruvian specimens. Pods large to
4 dm. long, 4.5 cm. wide, the hispidity disappearing in age except
along the strongly dilated margins; common in the Amazon region
in argillaceous non-inundated soils and often cultivated for the
very pulpy fruits (Ducke). F.M. Neg. 1090.
San Martin: Pongo de Cainarachi, Klug 2673. Loreto: Yuri-
maguas, Poeppig 2111 (type, /. calocephala). Near Iquitos, Klug
89 (det. Harms). Contamana, Kittip & Smith 26871. Bolivia to
Venezuela.
Inga marginata Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1015. 1806; 608. I. excelsa
Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 78. 1845. I. pycnostachya Benth.
in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 589. 1845. /. odorata G. Don, Gen.
Syst. 2: 388. 1832(?).
Usually a medium-sized glabrous tree or the slender lenticellate
branchlets apically somewhat rusty-puberulent as also the more or
less margined leaf-rachi and spikes including the almost minute
calyces, these barely 1 mm. long; leaflets 2 (3) pairs, oblong-lanceo-
late, or oblong-elliptic, ordinarily 7-12 cm. long, 2.5-4 cm. broad,
or on vigorous shoots the terminal at least larger, obliquely acute
at base, acuminate, chartaceous in age; glands sessile, cupulate;
spikes very shortly peduncled, solitary or geminate, often 7 cm. long
or longer, the bracts small, persisting er more or less promptly
caducous; flowers sometimes minutely and obscurely pedicellate,
white, fragrant, the corolla glabrous or nearly, 4 (5) mm. long, the
staminal tube typically exserted but in some forms not at all; pods
flat, to 12 cm. long, 1.5-2 cm. broad, rounded at both ends, apiculate
at tip, striate-veined, glabrous, the margins nerviform. Variable;
Williams 92 may be designated var. itayensis Macbr., var. nov.,
corollis ad 6 mm. longis. /. fagifolia (L.) Willd., 607, as it has been
interpreted, is very similar if indeed specifically distinct. Hassler,
Repert. Sp. Nov. 16: 154. 1919, proposed /. fagifolia var. marginata
(Willd.) Hassl., and other variants, interpreting the Linnean plant
FLORA OF PERU 31
as having generally larger leaflets, corollas to 6 mm. long, and his
action would be accepted except that probably /. fagifolia L. and
I. fagifolia of authors are not the same; cf. I. yacoana. Sometimes
nearly 20 meters high, the crown flat or spreading (Williams).
Specimens determined by Harms except as indicated. Illustrated,
Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi. 125. F.M. Negs. 1091; 32057.
Cajamarca: Hacienda de Ninabamba, Prov. deChota, (Raimondi).
San Martin: Juanjui, Klug 3793 (det. Standl.). Pongo de Caina-
rachi, Klug 2669 (det. Standl.). Huanuco: Casapi, Mathews 1922.
Cuchero, Poeppig 1335 (type, /. excelsa). Junin: Colonia Perene",
Killip & Smith 25133 (det. Standl.). La Merced, 5427. Vitoc,
(Raimondi). San Martin: Moyobamba, (Mathews, type, /. pycno-
stachya); Weberbauer 4768; 288. Loreto: Rio Itaya, Williams 9; 92
(det. Harms, var.). Santa Rosa, Williams 4927. Yurimaguas,
Williams 4217. La Victoria, Williams 3184. Rio Nanay, Williams
499. Rio Acre: Near mouth of Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5310(1).
Locality unknown, Ruiz & Pavon. Bolivia to Central America.
"Huaro," "uscopacay," "shimbillo," "Colorado," "pacay del monte."
Inga Mathewsiana Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 594.
1845; 594.
Small or medium-sized tree with 5-6 foliolate leaves and clustered
peduncles bearing subglobose heads of white flowers in the upper
axils or at the ends of leafy puberulent or shortly villous branchlets;
stipules ovate-lanceolate; leaf-rachis emarginate, the circular glands
depressed; leaflets oblong, usually somewhat elliptic, shortly acute
at base, more or less acuminate, those of the flowering branchlets
ordinarily about 10 cm. long, 3-4 cm. broad, or apparently as
interpreted here to 3 times as long as broad, subcoriaceous, scarcely
lustrous, moderately reticulate both sides and glabrate unless ob-
scurely puberulent on the veins; bracts 2 mm. long, subpersisting;
calyx 5-6 mm. long, appressed puberulent; corolla 10-12 mm. long,
silky-pilose, the stamen tube included, or apparently sometimes
shortly exserted; pods (as to Rusby 996, det. Pittier) 6 cm. long, 2.5
cm. broad, several mm. thick, the margins little thickened, glabrous.
My 5797 in fruit has pod 7.5 cm. long, 2 cm. broad, obtuse at each
end, evanescently puberulent and may belong here but the mature
leaves are rather densely and crisply pilose beneath. This includes
as described I. nobilis (which compare) in large part as to Peru. /.
olivacea Sprague, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 22: 430. 1904, of Colombia,
found, according to Britton & Killip, as near as the Rio Putumayo,
32 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
has very slender, sparsely setulose calyces and corollas. Flowers faintly
fragrant, borne in such profusion that the tree crown seems white
(Woytkowski). F.M. Neg. 28126.
San Martin: Pongo de Cainarachi, Klug 2722. Rioja, 900 meters,
Woytkowski 23 (det. Standl., /. nobilis). Moyobamba, Malhews,
type. Junin: La Merced, 5797(1). Loreto: Rio Mazan, Jose
Schunke 39 (det. Standl.). Above Rancho Indiana, overflowed
bank, Mexia 6407 (det. Standl., /. nobilis). Bolivia. "Shimbillo."
Inga maynensis Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 613. 1875.
Branchlets, petioles and peduncles densely reddish-tomentulose;
stipules short, ovate, caducous; leaf-rachis emarginate, the glands
orbicular, sessile, small or rather large; leaflets subsessile, 2 pairs,
oblong-elliptic or broadly elliptic, slightly narrowed to the obtuse
base, abruptly and very shortly acuminate, mostly about 10 cm.
long, half as broad, coriaceous, glabrous and lustrous above, the
prominent parallel nerves beneath as the midnerve more or less
densely fulvous-pubescent, the fine veins glabrate; peduncles axillary,
2-3 cm. long, the spikes subcapitate with rachis only 4-6 mm. long,
the minute bracts often caducous; calyx closely and minutely puberu-
lent, obscurely striate, 6 mm. long; corolla silky-strigose, 12-14 mm.
long, the stamen tube included; pods sessile, strongly oblique at
base, plane, glabrous, the margins scarcely elevated, 1.5 dm. long
or longer, 2.5 cm. broad. Bentham referred with query to the
closely related I. rufinervis Spruce, 612, a specimen by Spruce from
Yurimaguas which it seems probable should be included here; it
is not clear anyway that there is any fundamental distinction between
the species. F.M. Neg. 32058.
Loreto: Yurimaguas, Poeppig (Herb. Vienna, type); also Spruce,
same locality, cf. note above. Brazil?
Inga microcoma Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 301.
1915.
Glabrous except for the puberulent, shortly peduncled axillary
spikes which identify the species readily by their slenderness, the
flowers only 3-4 mm. long and, at least as to type, fully equaled by
the oblanceolate bracts; leaf-rachis narrowly margined with 2 pairs
of subsessile leaflets, these oblong-elliptic or slightly obovate, obtuse
or acute at base, rounded or shortly acuminate at apex, 3.5-10 cm.
long, 2-4.5 cm. broad; spikes shortly peduncled, 4 cm. long or longer;
calyx 1-1.5 mm. long. Tree 20 to 30 meters high, the flowers white.
FLORA OF PERU 33
The Krukoff specimen has laxly flowered spikes, the bracts apparently
shorter than the calyces but these are not yet fully developed. F.M.
Neg. 1156.
Rio Acre: Seringal San Francisco, Ule 9431. Mouth of Rio
Macauhan, Krukoff 5392. Brazil?
Inga myriantha Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 77. pi.
289. 1845; 601.
Tree, recorded to 10 meters high, glabrous except for a minute
and sparse pubescence on the young leaves and umbellate inflores-
cences; branchlets terete or nearly, lenticellate; stipules linear,
caducous or subpersisting; leaflets 2 pairs, the rachis broadly and
obcuneately winged, the blades oblong-elliptic, acuminate, the upper
about 12 cm. long, 4 cm. broad, the lower pair half as large, lustrous,
reticulate-veined both sides, coriaceous; glands orbicular, scutellate;
umbels axillary on short branchlets, the peduncles 3-4 cm. long, the
slender pedicels (4) 10-18 mm. long; bracts subulate; calyx 3-5 mm.
long, dentate, the slender greenish corolla 10 mm. long; stamens
white, their tube included or scarcely exserted. Illustrated, Contr.
U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: pi. 85. F.M. Neg. 1097.
San Martin: Chazuta, King 4152 (distr. as I. lateriflora). Near
Moyobamba, Klug 3692 (distr. as I. lateriflora). Junin: Chancha-
mayo Valley, 1,500 meters, Schunke 1611; 1812. Loreto: Yuri-
maguas, in dense woods, Poeppig, type. Near Iquitos, Klug 2522
(distr. as /. lateriflora). Mouth of Rio Santiago, Tessmann 4135
(pedicels 3-4 mm. long; det. Harms, I. umbratica, pedicels shorter).
Locality unknown, Mathews 1593. To the Guianas.
Inga nobilis Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 1047. 1809; 614.
In general like I. punctata and /. Ruiziana, but, at least as to type,
with pedicellate flowers, the pedicels to 1 mm. long; leaflets 3-4
pairs, ovate or oblong-elliptic, acuminate, subchartaceous, glabrous
except on the nerves and veins beneath, the latter commonly reticu-
late both sides; rachis emarginate, usually bristle- tipped, the glands
small; peduncles to 6 cm. long, the racemes scarcely 1.5 cm. long;
calyx 5 mm. long, the corolla at least typically only 8 mm.
long; pods 1-1.5 dm. long, 2 cm. broad, the margins thickened.
Apparently rare in Peru or more probably the species is variable and
the diagnosis should be drawn to include forms treated as related
species. Simulates some forms of I. quaternata. I. Rusbyi Pittier,
Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 179. 1916, Bolivian, would key here;
34 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
the spikes at anthesis are globose, bracts persisting, flowers sessile,
the glabrate calyx 5-6 mm. long, the corolla appressed silky strigose
toward tip, 8-9.7 mm. long. Klug 3259 simulates /. Mathewsiana
but for the pedicelled shorter flowers. In Dahlem Tessmann 3875
and 371 from Loreto, the corollas about 10 mm. long, have been
referred here. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi. 129. F.M.
Neg. 1101.
San Martin: Near Moyobamba, Klug 3259 (det. Standl.).
Junin: La Merced, Killip & Smith 23485 (1). Loreto: Middle
Ucayali, Tessmann 3281 (det. Harms, /. punctata affine). Yuri-
maguas, Killip & Smith 28148. Rio Acre: (Kuhlmann 17517, det.
Ducke). Brazil to Colombia and the Guianas.
Inga obscura Macbr., spec. nov.
Arbor, 10 m. alta; ramulis inflorescentiisque dense rufo-tomento-
sis; foliolis 3-4 jugis petiolulatis (petiolo communi haud marginato)
obovatis, basi acutis, apice obtusis vel breviter acutis ad 17 cm.
longis, 8 cm. latis, coriaceis, supra nitidis, glabris, nervis impressis,
subtus nervis et venulis prominenter reticulatis plus minusve longe
hirsutulis; pedunculis fasciculato-paniculatis (vel axillaribus?), 3 cm.
longis; spicis densis 2 cm. longis, floribus sessilibus; corolla 7 mm.
longa, puberulo-strigosa calycem plus duplo excedente, staminum
tubo haud exserto. Suggests /. juglandifolia Willd. and /. nobilis
Willd. (under which name it was distributed) both with veins
conspicuous both sides, the leaflets of the former acuminate, the
corolla villous, the flowers of the latter pedicellate. The petiole
glands as in I. juglandifolia are obscure.
San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1,100 meters, Klug
3690, type.
Inga Pardoana Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 89. 1908.
Similar to I. quaternata but the leaflets merely acute and only
shortly narrowed well above the middle portion but long-narrowed
to base; corolla more flaring at tip. As noted by Harms, /. boliviana
Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 17: 9. 1890, and /. Wittiana Harms,
Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 48: 161. 1907, the latter of Brazil, and,
fide Ducke, Rio Acre, are closely allied but the author suggests
/. Pardoana is distinct from both in the somewhat thicker larger
flowers (9-10 mm.), denser pubescence, and, especially, in the
scarcely if at all acuminate leaflets, stamen tube obscurely or very
shortly exserted. In /. Wittiana, fide Harms, the tube is strongly
FLORA OF PERU 35
exserted, the bracts a little smaller. /. Pardoana suggests the
Peruvian form of I. nobilis except that the veins are obscure above
and the flower-rachis short. Only more collections will prove the
specific importance of these differences. Named for the former
President Pardo of Peru. F.M. Neg. 1162.
Huanuco: Pampayacu, Kanehira 211. Junin: Near Huacapis-
tana, 1,500 meters, Weberbauer 2339, type; 252.
Inga Pavoniana G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 388. 1832; 623.
Somewhat rusty-hirsutulous at least the branchlet tips, peduncles
and prominent leaf-nerves and veins beneath; leaf-rachis narrowly
winged with 3-^4 pairs of oblong-obovate, acutely acuminate leaflets,
about 15 cm. long, 6 cm. broad, sparsely subappressed pubescent
above; peduncles axillary, 4 cm. long or longer, the ovoid spike to
6 cm. long with linear bracts 1 cm. long persisting after anthesis;
calyx finely striate, 12 mm. long, sparsely reddish-setulose; corolla
appressed silky-villous, 3.5 cm. long, the stamen tube little if at
all exserted; pods about 1 dm. long, 2.5 cm. thick, fleshy, the margins
strongly elevated. The pod seen by Bentham, which he suggests
might not belong to the species, was glabrous; that of Weberbauer
is 7 cm. long, 2 cm. broad, 1.5 cm. thick, deeply sulcate by the ele-
vated margins, lightly rusty-hirsutulous, and was referred by Harms
to I. Hartii Urb. Symb. Ant. 1: 311. 1899, of Trinidad as a "var."
which may be correct but Urban's species seems to be known only
from Trinidad to this day, is less pubescent and has glabrous (or
nearly) pods 2.5-4 cm. broad. F.M. Neg. 29422.
Huanuco: Chinchao, Ruiz & Pavdn, type; Raimondi. Casapi,
(Mathews 307; 1924, fide Bentham). Junin: La Merced, Weber-
bauer 931 ; 282.
Inga peltadenia Harms, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 48: 160.
1906. /. Thibaudiana DC. Prodr. 2: 434. 1825, var. latifolia Benth.
in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: 480. 1876.
Branchlets more or less rusty- tomentulose; leaf-rachis emargi-
nate, the glands large, peltate, with 3-5 pairs of shortly petiolulate,
broadly and obliquely elliptic leaflets, rounded at base, shortly
acuminate, 7-12 cm. long, 4-8 cm. broad, subcoriaceous or charta-
ceous, lustrous above, sparsely puberulent, especially on the mid-
nerve, densely villous and conspicuously veined beneath; spikes
fascicled in the axils or panicled, shortly villous or the tubular
calyx merely puberulent, 4-4.5 mm. long; corolla densely silky-
36 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
villous, 15-19 mm. long or somewhat longer; pods (fide Pittier)
straight or nearly, flat, rounded at base, apiculate, fulvous pubescent,
the margins elevated, nearly 2 dm. long, 2 cm. broad. As remarked
by Harms, very closely related to I. Thibaudiana DC. and perhaps
only a variety but the Peruvian plants are more densely pubescent;
Spruce 4915, var. latifolia Benth., is apparently Harms' species and
the flowers on the particular specimen seen by me are not any larger,
but a certain variation is of course to be expected. Ducke, Leg.
Amaz. Bras. 18. 1939, refers these specimens to /. rubiginosa (Rich.)
DC. of the Guianas and adjacent Brazil, typically with more velvety
tomentum, larger leaflets, the corolla-pubescence densely tangled
instead of merely silky with straight or nearly straight trichomes.
F.M. Neg. 1163.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Ule 6451, type; Spruce 4915. Loreto:
Yurimaguas, Killip & Smith 29049. Bolivia; Ecuador?
Inga plumifera Spruce ex Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 621.
1875.
Five to 15 meters high, the light brown bark with small darker
brown lenticels, the crown spreading, the branchlets, petioles and
peduncles densely reddish pubescent with short subappressed tri-
chomes, these extending to the leaf-rachi and calyces; glands rather
small or inconspicuous, the rachis wings prominent; leaflets typically
sessile, in the Peruvian specimens stoutly short-petiolulate, 5 pairs,
ovate-oblong-elliptic, acutely acuminate, rounded at base, the middle
ones 1.5 dm. long, a third as broad, sparsely hirsutulous but lustrous
and rugulose above by the impressed nerves and veins, these con-
spicuous and sparsely hirsutulous beneath, otherwise glabrous;
peduncles nearly lacking, the axillary spikes with 3-4 sessile flowers,
the small ovate bracts caducous before anthesis; calyx 1.5 cm. long,
the densely silky-villous corolla about 5 cm. long, twice exceeded
by the stamens, their tube well-exserted. /. quadrangularis Ducke,
Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 60. 1922, and /. calantha Ducke, I.e.
4: 18. 1925, both Brazilian and similar, have well-peduncled spikes,
the former with nearly emarginate leaf-rachis. F.M. Neg. 1108.
Loreto: Timbuchi, on the Rio Nanay, Williams 958. Brazil.
"Cotochupa."
Inga Poeppigiana Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 602.
1845; 620. I. ciliata Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 78. 1845,
not Presl.
FLORA OF PERU 37
Slender flowering branchlets. petioles and leaf nerves beneath
sparsely ciliate-hirsute; stipules subrotund-ovate, about 5 mm. long;
leaflets 3 pairs, oblong-elliptic, acuminate, obliquely rounded at
base, 12 cm. long, 5 cm. broad or smaller, membranous, lustrous above
and glabrous except for the sparsely hispid slender nerves; rachis
broadly winged, the small circular glands deeply cupulate; spikes
sessile, only 1-2.5 cm. long, the crowded membranous ciliate bracts
5 mm. long, persisting; calyx finely striate, glabrous except for the
shortly ciliolate teeth, 12-15 mm. long; corolla slender, to 3 cm.
long, glabrous unless for a few cilia near the tip, the stamen tube
included. F.M. Neg. 1109.
Loreto: Yurimaguas, Poeppig 2436, type.
Inga pruriens Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 78. 1845;
618. I. Weberbaueri Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 90. 1908 (?).
Small tree, the branchlets soon terete and the petioles and leaf
nerves beneath sparsely rusty-hirsute; leaflets 2-3 pairs, broadly
elliptic or slightly obovate, somewhat narrowed at the obtuse or
rounded base, shortly acuminate, as much as 3 dm. long, about a
third as broad, glabrous above, often with at least 1 small gland on
the midnerve near the base (the winged rachis with similar glands),
rigid-chartaceous, the lateral nerves many and subparallel, more or
less impressed above, prominent with the veins beneath; spikes
axillary, laxly flowered, sessile or very shortly peduncled, 4-7 cm.
long, the ovate acute hirsute bracts persisting, 3-4 mm. long; calyx
and corolla hirsute, the former rather sparsely, 15 mm. long, striate,
the latter 4-4.5 cm. long, the stamen tube long exserted. The
corolla pubescence is brown, the flower within and the filaments
white (Weberbauer, from whose collection the description is in part
taken). It has not been possible to determine if a gland is present
on the leaflet nerve of the type of Harms' species but the types of
both species agree so well in all other respects that this character
alone is not significant; the gland is lacking on some leaflets of /.
pruriens. F.M. Negs. 1175 (Weberbauer); 32061.
Huanuco: Prov. Huamalies, near Monzon, 700 meters, Weber-
bauer 3695 (type, I. Weberbaueri) ; 285. Tocache, Poeppig 2015, type.
Inga pulchriflora Ducke, Archiv. Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio Jan. 2:
37. 1935.
Small tree, all of the younger parts including the large dense ter-
minal panicles densely reddish-hispid-villous; bract-like stipule at the
38 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
base of the inflorescence large, concave, abundantly pilose without;
leaf-rachis emarginate, glabrate, the glands sessile or lacking; leaflets
2 pairs, shortly petiolulate, the upper 1.5 dm. long or longer, 8 cm.
broad or broader (lowest much smaller), obovate, obtuse or nearly
rounded at base, broadly obtuse and often apiculate at apex, coria-
ceous, more or less bullate-rugose above by the impressed nerves and
veins and in age glabrate, lustrous, densely reddish-hirsute on the
very prominent nerves beneath; peduncles 2-4 cm. long; bracts 2-4
mm. long, equaling the densely hirsute pedicels; calyx 10-12 mm. long,
ashy-pubescent, the white sericeous corolla a third longer, its stamen
tube included; pods flat, bi-ridged by the somewhat thickened
margins, 15 cm. long, 2 cm. broad, rounded at both ends, closely
and shortly brown-tomentose-villous. Attains 16 meters (Krukoff).
Rio Acre: Seringal Iracema, inundated woods, Ducke, type.
Mouth of the Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5243. Brazil.
Inga punctata Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1016. 1806; 613.
Small essentially glabrous tree or the young parts obscurely
appressed puberulent, the leaflets typically slightly punctate scabrous
above, finely appressed strigillose beneath; rachis emarginate, the
rather prominent glands depressed; leaflets ordinarily 2 pairs, ob-
long-elliptic, rounded or acutish at base, shortly and acutely acumi-
nate, the terminal to 15 cm.long, nearly half as broad, the lower pair
much smaller, somewhat lustrous above, prominently nerved and
reticulate-veined beneath; peduncles 2-4 cm. long, mostly panicled
at the branched tips, the ovoid spikes 1-2 cm. long; bracts minute,
more or less promptly caducous; calyx appressed strigillose, typically
barely 3 mm. long, the silky-villous corolla twice as long, the stamen
tube shortly if at all exserted ; pods subsessile, 1 dm. long or longer,
2-2.5 cm. broad, plane, the margins little elevated, the seeds
separated by transverse impressions. Variable or not understood.
Killip & Smith 29406 seems to belong here but not being typical
it may be designated var. elongata Macbr., var. nov., foliis oblongis
longe acuminatis; corollis ad 12 mm. longis. The leaf-rachis is ob-
scurely margined, apparently nearly var. chagrensis Pittier, Journ.
Dept. Agric. Porto Rico 13, no. 4: 135. 1929, or var. panamensis
Benth., 613, the flowers still somewhat longer, the leaflets narrower;
Killip & Smith 22732, however, seems from description to be Pittier's
variety. 7. strigillosa Spruce, 612, is according to Harms the same
but Bentham maintained the Spruce form apparently on the basis
of its more abundant puberulence and corollas 8 mm. long. I.
FLORA OF PERU 39
dumosa Benth. I.e. seems to be a glabrous form, the corolla 10 mm.
long; in the longer corolla at least these approach my var. elongata.
Specimens referred to this species at Dahlem include Weberbauer
3427, Tessmann 3443, the last from Loreto; they have calyces as
much as 4 mm. long. /. tenuirama Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 13:
527. 1915, of Ecuador, allied by the author to I. aggregate, et rels.,
would apparently be sought here; it has 3 pairs of leaflets, glabrous
or nearly glabrous calyces 4 mm. long. F.M. Neg. 1112.
Amazonas: Near Santa Rosa, (Raimondi). San Martin: Santa
Cruz, (Raimondi); Pongo de Cainarachi, Klug 2693. San Roque,
Williams 7394. Huanuco: Chinchao, (Raimondi). Ayacucho:
Aina, Killip & Smith 22732 (var.). Loreto: Caballo-Cocha,
Williams 2446 (det. Standl.). Yurimaguas, Williams 5233 (det.
Standl., /. Ruiziana); (Raimondi). Rio Itaya, Killip & Smith
29406 (type, var. elongata); Williams 3512. Mouth of Rio Apaga,
Tessmann 3875 (var.). Rio Acre: Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5744;
Ule 9430 (det. Harms). Colombia to Venezuela and Central America.
"Shimbillo," "rufindi."
Inga quaternata Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 79. 1845;
603.
Small tree or sometimes 12 meters or so high, the younger parts
including the leaflet veins beneath and the flowers puberulent or the
latter sericeous-tomentose, the corollas always densely so; leaf-
rachis emarginate, the glands small or obscure; leaflets 3-4 pairs,
oblong-elliptic, obliquely rounded at base, shortly acuminate, some-
what lustrous, finely reticulate-veined, chartaceous, often 15 cm.
long, about 5 cm. broad or broader; peduncles 2.5 to several cm.
long, solitary but usually some also in an ample terminal panicle;
pedicels 2-12 mm. long, rarely obsolete, numerous, the narrowly
obconic striate calyx 3-5 mm. long, the pubescence sometimes sparse,
the corolla 8-12 mm. long, little enlarged apically; stamen tube
barely exserted ; pods little dilated at margins, rusty velvety (Ducke).
Flowers white, pulp surrounding seeds edible (Mexia). Cf. /.
Pavoniana. Tessmann 5307 from Loreto has pedicels only 3-3.5
mm. long, calyx 7 mm. long, corolla nearly twice as long; det. Harms
as "affine"; in Klug 2068 the pedicels are only 1 mm. long, the pedun-
cles axillary; in Mexia 6325 the calyx is only 3 mm. long, the corolla
12 mm. long; these and other aberrant collections seem to indicate
only a reasonable range of variation. Cf. /. nobilis. F.M. Neg.
1113 (not type collection).
40 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Huanuco: Pampayacu, Kanehira 41. Loreto: Yurimaguas,
Mexia 6076 (det. Standl., /. corymbifera Benth.?); Killip & Smith
28307; 281 54; Williams 3944 (all det. Harms) . Pongo de Manseriche,
Mexia 6325 (det. Standl.). Florida, King 2068. Near Iquitos,
Klug 486 (det. Harms). La Victoria, Williams 3185 (det. Harms).
Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 335. Rio Acre: Mouth of Rio Macauhan,
Krukoff 5254. Brazil; Colombia. "Shimbillo."
Inga Ruiziana G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 391. 1832; 614. /. foliosa
Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 597. 1845.
Medium-sized often widely branched tree, the young branchlets
densely white lenticellate and more or less rusty-puberulent, the
leaves crowded, ample, with 4-6 (8) pairs of oblong-elliptic shortly
acuminate, glabrous or nearly glabrous leaflets; rachis sometimes
obscurely margined, the glands sessile, depressed; leaflets mostly
1.5-2 dm. long, 5-7 cm. broad, subcoriaceous, lustrous, the nerves
prominent both sides, the veins only beneath, the former usually
sparsely and minutely puberulent; peduncles 1-2 (4) cm. long,
fascicled in the upper axils or densely panicled, the ovoid spikes
scarcely more than 1 cm. long; calyx and corolla more or less puberu-
lent (lightly strigillose in type) the former 3-4 mm. long, the latter
6-8 mm. long; stamen tube included or slightly exserted; pods
puberulent or glabrate, to 1.5 dm. long, 2-2.5 (4) cm. broad.
Sometimes 15 meters high, with white fragrant flowers; the pulp
surrounding the seed is eaten by boys and monkeys (Mexia). F.M.
Neg. 1116.
San Martin: Lamas, Williams 6466(1). Near Chazuta, (Rai-
mondi). Huanuco: Tocache, Poeppig. Shapajilla, 630 meters,
Woytkowski 10. Without locality, Ruiz & Pawn, type; Mathews
1923. Loreto: Yurimaguas, Poeppig 2443 (type, I. foliosa); Mexia
6073. Rio Santiago, Tessmann 3725 (det. Harms) ; Mexia 6334; 61 76.
Pebas, Williams 1753. Balsapuerto, Klug 3094; 3151. Caballo-
Cocha, Williams 2288. Contamana, Killip & Smith 26873 (distr.
as /. nobilis). Brazil to Central America. "Ucsha-quiro," "pacay,"
"shimbillo."
Inga setifera DC. Prodr. 2: 432. 1825; 615.
Small tree, the branchlets, leaflets beneath and peduncles more
or less rusty-puberulent or shortly pilose-setulose; leaflets usually
2 pairs, broadly elliptic, shortly acuminate, the larger 15 cm. long,
6-7 cm. broad, becoming coriaceous and lustrous above, reticulate-
FLORA OF PERU 41
veined and sometimes glabrate beneath; rachis wings short but
usually rather conspicuous as also the cupulate glands, the rachis
terminating in a fragile or deciduous bristle; peduncles several cm.
long, solitary or geminate, the spikes about 3 cm. long; calyx narrowly
tubular, striate, sparsely sometimes minutely setulose or glabrate,
6-7 mm. long; corolla appressed silky-hirsute, 12-15 mm. long, the
stamen tube included; pods flat, about 10-15 cm. long, 2 cm. broad
or broader, the margins somewhat raised. /. splendens Willd., 615,
rather similar and to which Harms referred Klug 1172 as "affine,"
has obtuse glabrous leaflets, the narrowly if at all winged rachis
without bristle; the Klug specimen has a bristle, the leaflets acumi-
nate; the same authority referred Williams 939 and 1143 as "affine"
/. pilosiuscula Desv. Journ. Bot. 1: 71. 1814; 616, that is, I. pilosula
(Rich.) Macbr., comb. nov. (Mimosa pilosula Rich. Act. Soc. Hist.
Nat. Paris 113. 1792), which probably is the earliest name for these
closely allied forms but, at least as to type, has coriaceous lustrous
essentially glabrous leaflets like those of /. nitida Willd. and is scarcely
different apparently unless the calyx and corolla are both somewhat
shorter, and the leaf-rachis without terminal bristle. The flowers
of /. setifera typically are a beautiful golden yellow (Ducke). Here
would be sought the Ecuadorian /. balaensis Pittier, Contr. U. S.
Nat. Herb. 18: 201. 1916, calyces 10-12 mm. long, corollas twice
as long, leaflets very broad, the lower pair much smaller than the
upper, these 11-17 cm. long, 7-10.5 cm. wide. Illustrated, Bot.
Mag. pi. 5075 (as /. macrophylla) . F.M. Negs. 6982; 21855.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, flowers bright yellow, Klug 892 (det. Harms) ;
flowers white, Klug 1172. Rio Nanay, Williams 939; 1143. To
Trinidad. "Shimbillo-rujinti."
Inga setosa G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 388. 1832; 624.
Densely rather long hirsute setose at least on the branchlets,
broadly winged leaf-rachis beneath and peduncles, the last axillary,
5 cm. long or longer, bearing a subglobose spike about 4 cm. thick;
stipules broad; rachis glands small, stipitate; leaflets (3) 5-6 pairs,
oblong-elliptic, shortly acuminate, moderately long pilose both sides,
conspicuously venose beneath, the larger 15 cm. long, less than half
as broad; calyx striate, pubescent, 10 mm. long, the villous corolla
about 15 mm. long, the stamen tube included. Type at Oxford,
without data. Scrap at Dahlem from Bernhardi Herb., from which
the negative was made, determined as this species, has leaflets 8 cm.
long, 2 cm. wide and smaller, bracts subulate-linear, persisting, calyx
42 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
7 mm. long, the narrow teeth lightly hispid as the corolla, this 12 mm.
long. F.M. Neg. 1119.
Peru(?) : Pavdn, type.
Inga stenoptera Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2: 143. 1840;
616.
Similar to /. setifera but the leaflets ordinarily only 5 cm. broad
or narrower, subcoriaceous, lustrous, finally glabrate and the rachis
wing narrow or imperfect, sometimes obscure; spikes ovoid-globose
or becoming 1.5 cm. long. Pods apparently unknown but probably
this is a form of /. pilosula (cf. note under /. setifera) with more
narrowly oblong, more shortly acuminate leaflets. Calyx teeth in
type from northern Brazil are ovate; in the Spruce specimen they
are a little narrower. F.M. Neg. 1123.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4126 (det. Benth.). Brazil.
Inga stipulacea G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 391. 1832; 621. /.
setigera Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 80. 1845. /. rufiseta
Benth. Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: 489. 1876. /. chaetophora Harms,
Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 299. 1915.
Sparsely branched tree, the branchlets, petioles and large rigid
persisting stipules, these even to 2.5 cm. long, densely hispid with
spreading stiff reddish trichomes; leaf-rachis emarginate, the glands
sessile or stoutly stipitate; leaflets 3-5 pairs, oblong, shortly acumi-
nate, slightly narrower at the rounded base, the larger 3 dm. long,
7 cm. broad, mostly smaller, rigid-membranous or subcoriaceous,
shortly and sparsely pubescent above, paler and setulose on the
veins beneath; spikes axillary, becoming oblong, the peduncles
little exceeding the bract-like stipules, the oblong or linear obtuse
bracts persisting after anthesis; calyx 16-18 mm. long, tubular,
striate, glabrous; corolla about 2 cm. long with a few setae near the
tip, the stamen tube long-exserted. The corolla in the Harms speci-
men is white and somewhat more pubescent; with it were two pods,
1-3.5 dm. long, 2-2.5 cm. broad, weakly bi-keeled on the margins,
more or less brown-hispid. F.M. Negs. 1143 (/. chaetophora); 32063
(/. setigera).
Loreto: Yurimaguas, Poeppig 2391 (type, /. setigera}. Without
locality, Ruiz & Pavon, type. Rio Acre: Ule 9^1 (type, /. chaeto-
phora). Brazil.
Inga striata Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. B, t. 4: 608. 1845;
619. /. ochroclada Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 302. 1915.
FLORA OF PERU 43
Tree, the branchlets, petioles and peduncles densely villous with
short spreading yellowish-brown trichomes, the leaflets beneath and
especially on the midnerve above more or less similarly pubescent;
leaf-rachis conspicuously winged with 3-5 pairs of oblong-elliptic
leaflets, rounded at base, acuminate, usually 10-15 cm. long, 3-5 (8)
cm. broad, lustrous but somewhat hirsute above, finely reticulate-
veined, the lateral nerves prominent beneath, the texture finally
subcoriaceous; peduncles 3-10 cm. long or longer, the rachis about
3 cm. long with linear bracts 6 mm. long or longer, caducous at
least shortly after anthesis; calyces sessile, tubular, hirsutulous or
becoming glabrate (or glabrous) stria te, (8) 10-15 (17) mm. long;
corolla densely sericeous-villous, (1.8) 2.5 (3) cm. long; stamen tube
included; pods rusty- villous, the margins strongly dilated and
raised, about 3 dm. long, 1.5 cm. broad. /. Eggersii Harms, Bot.
Jahrb. 42: 88. 1908, Ecuadorian, has persisting bracts 7-11 mm. long,
calyx sparsely puberulent or subglabrous, 7-8 mm. long, corolla
about 2.5 cm. long. The larger floral measurements refer to the
type of /. ochroclada but they do not seem to be significant;
however, the pod of his plant is unknown. F.M. Negs. 1124; 1159
(7. ochroclada).
Junin: Colonia Perene", Killip & Smith 24995. San Martin:
Shapaja, Belshaw 31 75 (?, young). Rio Acre: Seringal San Francisco,
Ule 9419. South America.
Inga tarapotensis Spruce ex Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 609.
1875.
Glabrous except for a sparse minute probably evanescent puberu-
lence on the obscurely winged leaf-rachi and the slender axillary or
lateral and clustered peduncles, these sometimes 2.5 cm. long;
glands small, scutellate; leaflets 2-3 pairs, obliquely oblong-elliptic,
rounded or obtuse at apex, coriaceous, lustrous above, paler and
obscurely venose beneath, 5-7.5 cm. long, about 2 cm. broad; heads
subglobose, the rachis scarcely 4 mm. long; pedicels fully 1 mm.
long, the calyx nearly twice as long; corolla 5-6 mm. long, the stamen
tube finally well-exserted ; pods compressed, 18 cm. long, nearly 2.5
cm. broad, rounded at both ends, apiculate at apex, glabrous, the
margins nerviform. Type 6 meters, the white flowers with the
fragrance of Narthecium, the bog asphodel of gardens (Spruce).
Spruce 4565, in fruit, from which the description of the pod is drawn,
could belong to /. cynometrifolia; I. paraensis Ducke, Archiv. Jard.
Bot. Rio Jan. 4: 12. 1925, seems to be very similar. /. gracilifolia
Ducke, I.e. 3: 52. 1922, has 5 pairs of leaflets, 2-4 cm. long, 6-10
44 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
mm. wide; it is a slender tree sometimes 30 meters high that may
extend into eastern Peru and is closely allied indeed to /. virgullosa
(Vahl) Desv. of Cayenne. F.M. Negs. 1125; 1079 (Spruce 4565).
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4221, type; 4565; Ule 6359;6360.
Inga tenuistipula Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 51.
1922. /. Guentheri Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 10: 178. 192Y.
Like /. Tessmannii but the leaflets 1-2 (3) pairs, and, especially,
the flowers subsessile with calyx scarcely 2 mm. long, the corolla 7
to nearly 10 mm. long; peduncles 1-2 dm. long. In Harms' specimen
the corolla is nearly 10 mm. long, the leaflets 2 pairs. I. Sodiroi
Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 13: 527. 1915, Ecuadorian, is another species
of the same affinity but the leaflets are half as wide as long and
strongly nerved, the nerves impressed above, peduncles 4-6 cm.
long, corolla 7-8 mm. long. F.M. Negs. 1151 (I. Guentheri); 28135.
Loreto: Soledad, Tessmann 5233 (type, I. Guentheri). Florida,
Klug 2210 (det. Standl.). Brazil. "Shimbillo," "gerogui-mitiri-ey."
Inga Tessmannii Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9: 966.
1926.
Small tree or the branchlets semiscandent, the leaves with 4
pairs of oblong-elliptic leaflets borne on petiolules 1-1.5 cm. long,
the peduncles often fascicled at enlarged nodes on the older wood,
elongate, sometimes even 10 cm. long; leaflets acute at base, shortly
acuminate, chartaceous, 1-2 dm. long, 5-7 cm. broad or larger;
flowers typically sessile in subglobose heads, the calyx sparsely
puberulent, lightly striate, about 6 mm. long, little exceeded by the
corolla, this sparsely appressed-puberulent, 8-10 mm. long.
Glabrous except for the obscurely puberulent dark green calyx and
bright green corolla, the filaments yellowish-white. Tree about
5 meters high or liana (Tessmann) in flood-free woods. As remarked
by the author the resemblance to I. cinnamomea seems to be great.
A perplexing specimen referred by Harms to /. lallensis ex descr.
could be described as another species but it seems to me to differ
only in pedicellate glabrous shorter flowers and may become var.
Harmsii Macbr., var. nov., pedicellis 1-1.5 mm. longis; floribus
glaberrimis, vix 8 mm. longis (Klug 1195, type). Here might be
sought I. cecropietorum Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 52.
1922, of Amazonian Brazil with winged leaf-rachi, mostly panicled
heads, calyx 7-8 mm. long, corolla 10-11 mm., densely hirsute at
tip. F.M. Neg. 1173.
FLORA OF PERU 45
Loreto: Mouth of the Santiago, Tessmann 4655, type; also 4616
(fide Harms). Mishuyacu, Klug 1195, var.
Inga tomentosa Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 609. 1875.
With the inflorescence and small flowers of /. marginata but
well marked by the tomentum of short crisped trichomes that extends
even to the flowers but finally disappears from the upper surfaces
of the leaves, these with the rachis winged above and with 3 pairs
of oblong obtusely acuminate leaflets, 7-10 cm. long, rounded at
base; branchlets angled; spikes axillary to 15 cm. long, shortly
peduncled, the bracts small, caducous; calyx scarcely 2 mm. long,
the corolla twice as long, the stamen tube included. The locality
if Peruvian is probably in the Department of Puno. /. Bangii Harms
of Bolivia lacks the winged leaf-rachis.
Peru(?) : Near El Garania, (Lechler 2323, type). Bolivia.
Inga umbra tica Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 77. 1845;
601.
Tree allied to /. myriantha but the branchlets angled and the
leaflets subequal, membranous, sparsely pubescent beneath, the larger
to 2 dm. long, 7.5 cm. broad, obtusely acute both ends; umbels
subsessile or the peduncle very short, the pedicels 6-8 mm. long;
flowers white, fragrant, puberulent-villous, the trichomes loose, the
calyx scarcely exceeding 2 mm., the corolla hardly 5 mm. long;
stamen tube long-exserted; pods about 3.5 cm. broad, obtuse at each
end, straight, glabrous. The minute but loose villosity on pedicels
and calyces seems to be distinctive. These parts in /. bullatorugosa
Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 47. 1922, are tomentulose,
stamen tube little exserted, leaflets strongly bullate. /. cecropietorum
Ducke, I.e. 52, of the upper Amazon has subsessile flowers twice
as long. F.M. Neg. 1127.
Loreto: Yurimaguas, Poeppig, type.
Inga velutina Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1014. 1806; 621. Mimosa velutina
(Willd.) Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 1: 42. 1810. I. expansa
Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 8: 90. 1912.
Softly rusty-pubescent or shortly villous even to the calyces,
markedly so on the branchlets, peduncles and leaflets beneath;
rachis wings conspicuous as also the circular glands; leaflets usually
3 pairs, sessile or stoutly short petiolulate, rounded or subcordate
at base, obtuse or shortly acuminate, ample, the larger 3 dm. long
46 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
and half as broad, subcoriaceous, the short pubescence above sub-
scabrous; spikes solitary or fasciculate in the upper axils, the
peduncles to 6 cm. long; bracts caducous before anthesis; calyx
tubular, 16-20 mm. long, with nearly subulate teeth sometimes
3 mm. long; corolla about 3 cm. long, silky-villous, little ampliated
toward apex, the stamen tube often long-exserted ; pods plane,
fleshy, densely reddish-hispid, straight or curved, about 2 dm.
long, 3 cm. broad, the margins only slightly enlarged. /. expansa
seems to be a variety, the calyx broader with broader teeth. F.M.
Neg. 1128.
Peru (probably). Bolivia; Brazil.
Inga vismiaefolia Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 79.
1845; 627.
Sparsely branched tree, the terete branchlets and peduncles
more or less densely rusty-villous-tomentose, the latter terminally
racemose, ordinarily about 3 cm. long; leaf-rachis emarginate, the
glands depressed; petiolules stout, the 3 pairs of ample leaflets
broadly elliptic or slightly obovate, obliquely rounded at base,
apiculately acuminate, often 2 dm. long or longer, nearly half as
broad, coriaceous, lustrous, glabrate and rather obscurely veined
above, shortly scarcely densely villous and prominently reticulate-
veined beneath; spikes subglobose, the ovate bracts persisting after
anthesis; calyx appressed silky-strigose, 8-10 mm. long, the flaring
densely villous corolla 15-17 mm. long, its stamen tube included.
-F.M. Negs. 1132; 1133.
Loreto: Yurimaguas, Poeppig 2285, type; Klug 2831. Soledad,
Tessmann 5307 (det. Harms, /. quaternata, affine).
Inga yacoana Macbr., spec. nov.
Arbor ad 10 m. alta; ramulis petiolisque (cum rachi conspicue
alato) ferrugineo-hirsuto-puberulis, demum glabrescentibus; foliolis
3-jugis fere sessilibus ovato-ellipticis vel paullo obovatis ad basin
plus minusve suboblique angustatis apice subabrupte breviter ob-
tuseque acuminatis 8-11 cm. longis, 4.5-6 cm. latis, chartaceis
supra vix nitidulis praeter costam puberulam glabris subtus pallidi-
oribus obscure papillosis glabris (costa nervisque haud vel sparsissime
pubescentibus) ; spicis ut videtur solitariis sessilibus brevibus plerum-
que ad nodos defoliatos ad 1.5 cm. longis; bracteis persistentibus
fere linearibus 1.5 mm. longis; floribus sessilibus; corolla 4 mm. longa,
glabra calycem quadruple excedente, staminum tubo haud exserto.
FLORA OF PERU 47
Distributed as /. fagifolia (L.) Willd. which apparently as inter-
preted is the same or nearly the same as /. marginata but which as
to actual character of type seems to be obscure, and is scarcely
Peruvian.
Rio Acre: On varzea land (river shore) near mouth of Rio Macau-
han (tributary Rio Yaco), Krukoff 5661, type.
2. ALBIZZIA Durazzini
Like Pithecolobium but the broadly linear pods strongly com-
pressed, indehiscent or bivalved, but the valves never elastic or
contorted, sometimes dividing transversely. Seeds exalbuminous,
ovate or orbiculate, compressed, the funicle filiform. Besides the
following, A. Lebbeck (L.) Benth., closely resembling P. So/man
except for the flattened pods, may be found in cultivation.
Albizzia distachya (Vent.) Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 59: 3.
1919; 559. Mimosa distachya Vent. Descr. Gels, pi. 20. 1800. Acacia,
lophantha Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1070. 1806. M. elegans Andr. Bot. Rep.
9: pi. 563. 1810. A. lophantha (Willd.) Benth. in Hook. Lond.
Journ. Bot. 3: 86. 1844.
Tree with velvety puberulent branchlets, leaf-rachi and peduncles,
the petioles with a gland toward the base; pinnae 8-10 pairs with
20-40 pairs of oblong obtusish leaflets 6-8 mm. long, about 2 mm.
broad, usually sparsely appressed-pilose at least beneath, the mid-
nerve excentric; spikes axillary, shortly peduncled, 3-10 cm. long,
more than 3 cm. thick including the stamens, the crowded flowers
distinctly pedicelled, silky-pilose, the calyx 2 mm. the corolla 5 mm.
long; stamen tube scarcely longer than the calyx; pods 6-10 cm.
long, 12-18 mm. broad, glabrous. Hochreutiner, Candollea 2: 373.
1925, retains the specific name of Willdenow because of the existence
of the homonym M. distachya Cav. 1794. With due respect for the
opinion of my friend I cannot concur because the name is not in
conflict as regards Albizzia; this interpretation was in accord with
the International Rules and any retroactive action which the rules
may impose would only result in instability of the nomenclature.
According to Vargas the bark is used as soap. Illustrated, Bot. Mag.
pi. 2108.
Cuzco: Semicultivated near Urubamba, Vargas 11065. Yucay,
Soukup 56 4. Arequipa: Near the City of Arequipa, (Soukup).
Australia. "Killay."
48 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
3. PITHECOLOBIUM Mart.
Reference: Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 570-598. 1875.
Smooth or occasionally armed with stipular spines (in Peru only
P. duke), the leaves bipinnate (pinnae sometimes only 1 pair and
reduced to 1-3 leaflets) with few to many leaflets, the 5 (6) -merous
flowers in globose heads or cylindrical spikes on solitary or fascicled
peduncles, these axillary or terminal and then sometimes racemose
or paniculate. Calyx campanulate or tubular, shortly dentate.
Corolla tubular or infundibuliform, the tube rather longer than the
lobes. Stamens few to many, exserted, the tube long or short.
Ovary sessile or stiped, many-ovuled. Pods fleshy-cylindrical to
coriaceous, more or less compressed, usually falcate and contorted
or even spiraled in varying degrees, rarely nearly straight, bivalved,
the valves sometimes twisted after dehiscence or infrequently in-
dehiscent, or very tardily so, or disarticulating, the seeds ovate or
orbicular with filiform funicle or this variously expanded into a
fleshy aril. Merrill, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 6: 42. 1916, argued
for adopting the spelling "Pithecellobium"; the name has also been
written "Pithecollobium." It is derived according to Merrill
from pithecos ellobion (monkey's earring), but usage fortunately
has validated the simplest spelling, at the same time the most
euphonious form.
Genus, as noted by Bentham, not separable from Albizzia Durazz.
except by the pod and, at least in the case of P. Saman and P.
polycephalum, only the fleshy character of the fruit distinguishes
the group; nevertheless by reason of convenience and tradition and
from the fact that Albizzia is in any case characteristically if not
entirely Old World, and Pithecolobium New, the group names will
probably always be maintained. In Candollea 6: 4. 1934, 1 presented
my reasons for not accepting, at least in floristic work, the division
of the genus as proposed by Pittier, Britton & Killip, and Klein-
hoonte; it is noteworthy that the last in Pulle's Flora of the Suriname
does not always agree with the former authors as to which section
treated as a "genus" certain species belong. Herewith is a key
under one group name, which, entirely artificial though it may be,
at least brings together plants that more resemble each other than
any others in this work (unless for one or two connecting species);
therefore they constitute a genus and that, realistically, is the only
kind of classification that is practical. To give these group names
on characters that obviously vary in degree of development and which
are rarely available or at least in herbaria discernible, is purely
FLORA OF PERU 49
academic folderol resulting in keys that not even a trained taxono-
mist can follow through. Finally it is satisfactory to observe
that the two best informed and unquestionably most brilliant
students of the Legumes, Bentham and Ducke (the one in the her-
barium, the other in the field), have not imitated or followed the
obviously possible segregation of these species into many genera.
The only constructive contribution to their classification that
could be made would be their inclusion in Albizzia as already noted.
Pinnae 1 pair (most rarely 2 pairs on some leaves; cf. also P.
acreanum).
Flowers in globose heads on usually slender peduncles, these either
solitary, racemose or paniculate (cf. P. triflorum under P.
Weberbaueri); pods finally contorted, seeds arillate; leaflets
1-2 pairs.
Leaflets small, obtuse; stipules spinescent.
Leaflets 1 pair; flowers ashy puberulent P. duke.
Leaflets 2 pairs; flowers lightly puberulent P. excelsum.
Leaflets ample, acute; stipules not spinescent P. laetum.
Flowers in elongate, short or subglobose spikes, these always
lateral, the peduncles short or obsolete; leaflets 1-several
pairs (rarely solitary).
Flowers capitate or glomerulate or in short spikes only 1-3 cm.
long.
Calyx minute, scarcely more than 1 mm. long, usually shorter.
Flowers umbellulate on peduncles 3-8 mm. long or leaf-
nerves equally distinct.
Stamen tube little exserted; leaflets usually more than 2.
P. cauliflorum.
Stamen tube often long-exserted; leaflets solitary.
P. unifoliolatum.
Flowers in short spikes or glomerulately congested or leaf-
nerves unequally developed.
Flowers glomerulately congested P. latifolium.
Flowers obviously in short spikes P. longifolium.
Calyx nearly 2 mm. long or longer.
Calyx 2-2.5 mm. long.
Leaflets 1-2 pairs; corolla 4 mm. long, twice as long as
calyx P. divaricatum.
50 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Leaflets 3-4 pairs; corolla 6 mm. long, typically about
3 times longer than calyx P. inaequale.
Calyx 3-4 mm. long, the corolla 6-8 mm. long, both puberu-
lent P. juruanum.
Flowers in elongate spikes, all or mostly 8-16 cm. long.
Stamen tube included in the corolla, this 8 mm. long.
P. coccineum.
Stamen tube well exserted.
Corolla 10-12 mm. long P. macrophyllum.
Corolla about 4 mm. long P. oriundum.
Pinnae mostly more than 2 pairs (cf. P. cauliflorum; P. corymbosum
and relatives, variable in number of pairs).
Heads axillary or crowded at the tips of the branches, the peduncles
usually long.
Leaflets (at least most pinnae) 12 or more pairs, acute or
mucronulate.
Leaflets 2-3 mm. wide.
Plants unarmed; pods contracted between the seeds.
P. sophorocarpum.
Plants armed; pods impressed between the seeds.
P. Mathewsii.
Leaflets several mm. wide.
Flowers 5 cm. long; peduncles short P. Spruceanum.
Flowers 1 cm. long; peduncles long P. chazutense.
Leaflets rarely as many as 12 pairs, always obliquely rounded or
blunt.
Leaflets about 1 cm. wide.
Flowers subsessile; pods more or less circinate . . P. Jupunba.
Flowers long-pedicelled; pods straight P. corymbosum.
Leaflets about 3 cm. wide or wider.
Flowers sessile or nearly; rachis glands small P. Saman.
Flowers pedicelled P. acreanum.
Heads racemose or racemose-paniculate from the axils or at the
branchlet tips, the peduncles short.
Leaflets not acutely auricled or strongly oblique at base.
Leaflets 2-8 mm. long.
Leaflets minute, rarely 4 mm. long P. niopoides.
FLORA OF PERU 51
Leaflets 5-8 mm. long P. polycephalum.
Leaflets 12-20 mm. long P. multiflorum.
Leaflets acutely auricled or oblique at base; racemes or spikes
short.
Racemes lax; leaflets subequal P. basijugum.
Racemes dense; leaflets unequal P. umbriflorum.
Pithecolobium acreanum Macbr., spec. nov.
Ut videtur P. adenophorum Ducke persimilis, differt pinnis 3^4
jugis, foliolis 3-5 jugis, pedicellis vix 5 mm. longis, corollis 3-3.5
mm. longis, staminibus circa 10 mm. longis. Ducke, Archiv. Inst.
Biol. Veg. Rio Jan. 4: 5. 1938, in proposing his Amazonian species
distinguished it from P. microcalyx Spruce, 582, of the Rio Negro,
by the extraordinarily large urceolate leaf-glands, larger terminal
leaflets (4.5-8 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide), rigid-coriaceous and promi-
nently reticulate-veined, pedicels 7-8 mm. long, calyx 2 mm. long,
stamens more than 15 mm. long; as he fails to mention the number
of pinnae presumably they are the same, namely, 1-2 pairs and the
leaflets 2-3 pairs. The Klug collection of P. acreanum has rachis
glands 2-5 mm. broad; these on the type are at most about 2 mm.
wide; the inflorescence of the latter is ample, corymbose, and it is
possible that the two collections are not the same, the former possibly
representing Ducke's species; in any case both share the distinction
from P. microcalyx of urceolate (instead of conical) glands, and, at
least as regards P. acreanum, of more numerous pinnae and leaflets.
A tree 12-25 meters high with white and garnet flowers (Klug);
leaves of flowering branchlets 3 dm. long; leaflets obliquely sub-
orbicular, the lateral mostly 4 cm. long, 3 cm. wide, glabrous, sub-
coriaceous, lustrous, reticulate-veiny both sides, paler beneath; pedun-
cles simple (Klug specimen) or the inflorescence corymbose even to
1.5 dm. broad, rusty-puberulent.
Rio Acre: On terra firma, mouth of Rio Macauhan, Krukoff
5631, type. Loreto: Balsapuerto, Klug 3079(1).
Pithecolobium basijugum Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan.
5: 122. 1930.
Small tree, the glabrate younger branchlets white lenticellate,
the white flowers in shortly peduncled few-flowered heads borne
in lax racemes usually 3-5 cm. long from the lower branches;
peduncles and leaf-rachi puberulent; pinnae 7-9 pairs, with 18 (21)
52 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
leaflets, these acutely auriculate at base on the lower edge, acute
or shortly acuminate, to 1 cm. long, 4 mm. broad, firm-membranous,
partially 3-nerved, the stronger middle nerve little excentric, the
veins obscure; flowers sessile, the calyx 1-1.5 mm. long, nearly as
broad, subglabrous, the corolla 8-12 mm. long, slightly dilated at
the minutely puberulent apex, the stamen tube not exserted; pods
to 2 dm. long, 1.5 cm. broad, plane, finally somewhat contorted,
glabrous, laxly reticulate without, reddish within. The Tessmann
specimen was referred by Harms to P. claviflorum Spruce, 596,
scarcely different but among other slight variations its flowers are
red, its stamen tube long-exserted. According to Ducke, his species
was seen near Iquitos.
Loreto: Iquitos, Tessmann 5345 (det. Harms, P. claviflorum).
Brazil.
Pithecolobium cauliflorum (Willd.) Mart, ex Benth. in Mart.
Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: 450. 1876; 595. Inga cauliflora Willd. Sp. PI. 4:
1021. 1806. Zygia cauliflora (Willd.) Killip, Trop. Woods 63: 6. 1940.
Glabrous (typically), or leaf-rachis puberulent, this 1-7 cm. long;
stipules deciduous or obsolete; pinnae 2, each usually with 3-5
(often one much smaller at base) obliquely oblong or ovate-oblong
opposite leaflets, the larger usually 7-10 cm. long, 3-4 cm. broad,
acuminate, subcoriaceous, the unequally distinct lateral nerves
strongly arcuate ascending, the veins moderately reticulate both
sides; peduncles 3-8 mm. long, several fascicled in the axils of
older branchlets; calyx 1 mm. long, glabrous or slightly ciliate puberu-
lent, the corolla 5-7 mm. long, the stamen tube more or less exserted;
pods said to be coriaceous, straight or curved, 1.5 dm. long or longer,
1.5 cm. wide. Small tree or tall shrub, the flowers according to
Ducke roseate. Klug 1054 and 1418 have lightly puberulent flowers,
larger leaflets and perhaps are distinct but the group is poorly
understood. F.M. Neg. 1187.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 2533 (det. Standl., P. glomeratum) ;
1054; 1418. Brazil to the Guianas.
Pithecolobium chazu tense Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 22: 145.
1940.
Thick branchlets, leaf-rachi and slender peduncles rather densely
rusty-puberulent; glands between the 5 pairs of pinnae (the upper
of these 13-14 cm. long) thickly crateriform; leaflets about 15 pairs,
sessile, rather oblong, somewhat broader at base, obliquely rounded
FLORA OF PERU 53
both ends, minutely apiculate at tip, mostly 2-2.5 cm. long, 7-10
mm. broad, membranous, glabrous above except for the obscurely
puberulent little excentric midnerve, scarcely paler beneath, the
slender remote nerves not prominent; flowers densely capitate,
ochroleucous, nearly glabrous throughout, the slender solitary or
few peduncles 6-8 cm. long; calyx broadly campanulate, scarcely
longer than 1.5 mm. high, the minute unequal obtuse teeth glandular;
corolla 9 mm. long, the slender tube dilated at throat to 1.5 mm.
broad, the lobes 1 mm. long; stamen tube included. Type from
forest tree 15 meters high.
San Martin: Chazuta, Klug 4011, type.
Pithecolobium coccineum [R. & P.] Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc.
30: 594. 1875. Inga coccinea [R. & P.] G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 390.
1832.
Glabrous except for the puberulent pods; pinnae 1 pair with 3-5
pairs of obliquely oblong acuminate leaflets, sometimes an additional
small leaflet near the base of the narrowly grooved rachis, the leaflets
subcoriaceous, reticulate-veined especially beneath, mostly 10-12
cm. long, 4-5 cm. broad; spikes including the short peduncle to
1.5 dm. long; calyx 2 mm. long, the striate cylindrical corollas 8 mm.
long, the stamen tube included; pods shortly stiped, about 2 dm. long,
2 cm. broad. In my collection the spikes of bright red-purple
flowers were pendent from old leafless branchlets; a large spreading
forest tree, the branches straggling. The first common name refers
to the red flowers, similar to the rebozos or mantillas used by the
Indian women (Ruiz & Pavon). F.M. Neg. 29425.
Junin: Pichis Trail, Killip & Smith 25814. Huanuco: Muna,
Ruiz & Pavon, type; 4023. Loreto: Yurimaguas, Killip & Smith
28003. "Huaita rebozo," "monte pacae."
Pithecolobium corymbosum (Rich.) Benth. in Hook. Lond.
Journ. Bot. 3: 221. 1844; 587. Mimosa corymbosa Rich, in Act. Soc.
Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 113. 1792. Samanea corymbosa (Rich.) Pitt.
Bol. Cient. y Teen. Mus. Com. Venez. no. 7: 55. 1925; Bol. Min.
Relac. Ext. 90. 1927. Arthrosamanea corymbosa (Rich.) Kleinh. in
Pulle, Fl. Surinam 2, pt. 2: 327. 1940.
Becoming a slender tree about 15 meters high, the younger parts
more or less rusty or ashy tomentulose or the pubescence sometimes
persisting on leaf-rachi and leaflets beneath, these 8-12 pairs, ob-
liquely subrhombic or obovate-oblong, 12-18 (25) mm. long, 5-10
54 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
mm. wide, very lustrous above, distributed in 4-10 pinnae 5-20 cm.
long; glands scutellate; peduncles many, terminal in umbels or corym-
bose umbels to 7 cm. long, the filiform pedicels 4-8 mm. long;
calyces rubescent, campanulate, to 2.5 mm. long, the infundibuliform
often puberulent corolla about twice as long, the tube of the 12-15
stamens included; pods straight or arcuate, coriaceous, glabrous,
5-10 cm. long, 8-10 mm. wide, finally disarticulating into 1-seeded
segments. Section Samanea. The Brazilian P. marginatum Spruce
including P. panurense Spruce has only 1 pair of pinnae, the leaflets
in 3-6 pairs, (1) 2.5-5 cm. long. Here might be sought P. gua-
chapele (HBK.) Macbr., comb. nov. (Acacia guachapele HBK.
Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 281. 1824; Samanea samaningua Pitt. Bol. Cient.
y Teen. Mus. Com. Venez. no. 1: 54. 1925, fide Britton & Killip;
Pseudosamanea guachapele (HBK.) Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart.
Berlin 11: 54. 1930), found as near as southern Ecuador. Its leaflets
are soft and a little pilose especially beneath, its pods thinner, long-
beaked, 2-5 cm. broad. F.M. Neg. 28259.
Loreto: Iquitos, Tessmann 3678 (det. Harms). Brazil; Guianas.
Pithecolobium divaricatum [Bong.] Benth. in Hook. Lond.
Journ. Bot. 3: 213. 1844; 595.
Glabrous unless for a minute puberulence on the branchlets and
petioles; pinnae 1 pair with 2-3 pairs of oblong-lanceolate leaflets,
the 2 terminal ones petiolulate, usually 10-18 cm. long, 2.5-5 cm.
broad, obliquely contracted at base, subcoriaceous, slenderly reticu-
late-veined; peduncles 6-18 mm. long, fasciculate at the nodes or
sometimes racemose on a short peduncle-like branchlet; flowers few,
sessile, the tubular calyx nearly 2 mm. long, the white corolla 4 mm.
long, the stamens reddish at apex, 16-18 mm. long, their tube
exserted; pods arcuate, to 3 dm. long, 14-20 mm. broad, the thicker
margins often sinuate between the seeds, the coriaceous valves
often more or less contorted. Tree to 7 meters (Spruce); flowers,
according to Ducke, roseate. F.M. Neg. 1189.
Rio Acre: (fide Ducke). Brazil.
Pithecolobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ.
Bot. 3: 199. 1844; 572. Mimosa dulcis Roxb. PI. Corom. 1: 67. pi.
99. 1795.
Often strictly glabrous densely leafy branchlets armed by the
short spinescent stipules and terminating in a narrow ashy-tomen-
tulose panicle, this sometimes with 1 or 2 (or several) usually divari-
FLORA OF PERU 55
cate branches near the base, the white flowers in small subsessile
or shortly stalked heads; pinnae 1 (rarely 2) pairs, the oval-oblong
leaflets rounded at apex, mostly 2.5-3 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. wide;
corolla white, 2.5-3 mm. long; pods lightly compressed but fleshy,
becoming circinate (often even 2-3 spiraled) or more often merely
falcate, 1 dm. long or somewhat longer, 1-1.5 cm. wide, tardily
dehiscing, red inside. The subcylindrical fleshy pods are edible.
Illustrated, Degener, Fl. Hawaii. 1: pi. 26.
Piura: Negritos, HaughtF2. Cape Parinas, H aught 119. Vene-
zuela to Mexico.
Pithecolobium excelsum (Kunth) Mart, ex Benth. Trans.
Linn. Soc. 30: 573. 1875. Inga excelsa Kunth, Mimoseae 57. pi. 18.
1820.
Similar to P. duke but typically softly puberulent especially on
the leaves beneath; corolla 6-8 mm. long, more or less puberulent.
Bentham included here P. candidum (HBK.) Benth. from adjacent
Ecuador, apparently the same but glabrous. F.M. Neg. 1192.
Cajamarca: Jae"n de Bracamoros, Bonpland, type. Rio Shumba,
700 meters, Weberbauer 6174- Tumbez: Hacienda La Choza, rainy-
green formation, 200 meters, Weberbauer 7723. Without locality,
Raimondi. Ecuador. "Kiriguinche."
Pithecolobium inaequale (H. & B.) Benth. in Trans. Linn.
Soc. 30: 596. 1875. Inga inaequalis H. & B. ex Willd. Sp. PI. 2:
1019. 1806.
Glabrous or evanescently pilose-puberulent; stipules small, sub-
persisting at the base of the peduncles; pinnae 1 pair, with 4-7
obliquely oblong-elliptic or oblong-lanceolate acuminate leaflets,
the larger of these commonly 12-14 cm. long, about 5 cm. wide,
chartaceous, rather conspicuously reticulate-veined both sides, the
nerves strongly arcuate ascending; heads few-flowered, fascicled at
the nodes of the older branchlets; peduncles 4-8 mm. long, calyx
tubular, 2.5 mm. long; corolla to 6 mm. long, striate, ampliate
above the teeth, obscurely puberulent; stamens red, the tube ex-
serted; pods coriaceous, strongly arcuate or circinate, 16-18 mm.
broad. P. amplum Spruce ex Benth. I.e. is puberulent including the
calyx and corolla, the former 2 mm. long. F.M. Neg. 1200.
Loreto: Florida, 4 meter tree, flowers red and white, Klug 2060.
Mishuyacu, Klug 1263. Brazil.
56 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Pithecolobium Jupunba (Willd.) Urb. Symb. Ant. 2: 257.
1900; 583. Acacia Jupunba Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1067. 1806. Mimosa
trapezifolia Vahl, Eclog. 3: 36. 1807. P. trapezifolia (Vahl) Benth.
in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2: 142. 1840. Jupunba trapezifolia (Vahl)
Mold. Bull. Torrey Club 59: 155. 1932. Abarema Jupunba (Willd.)
Britton & Killip, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 35: 126. 1936.
Tree, the branchlets and generally fascicled peduncles minutely
rusty tomentulose, the stipules minute or obsolete, the leaves with
2-4 (6) pairs of pinnae, the leaflets 4-8 pairs, obliquely rhombic-
ovate, usually about 4 cm. long, half as broad, or somewhat larger,
often smaller, coriaceous, glabrous and lustrous above, puberulent
beneath; peduncles axillary, sometimes rounded toward the tip of
the branchlets, 2.5-5 cm. long or longer, the puberulent flowers
sessile, or nearly, in globose heads, the calyx 2 mm. long, the corolla
2-3 times longer, the staminal tube included; pods circinate, the
valves finally contorting, 8-10 mm. broad, reddish within; seeds
with a horseshoe-shaped blue-green mark opposite the funicle
(Kleinhoonte). P. campestre Spruce, 436, has ovate acuminate leaf-
lets broadly rounded at base, pods green and veiny both sides.
P. daulense Spruce of southern Ecuador is glabrous including the
flowers and pods, the former 3 mm. long, the latter 12 mm. broad.
San Martin: Near Moyobamba, 1,100 meters, Klug 3857 (det.
Killip). Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, Schunke 310. To Colombia
and the West Indies.
Pithecolobium juruanum Harms, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb.
48: 162. 1906.
Glabrous shrub 5 to 15 meters high; leaflets 3 pairs, with a solitary
lower one, oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at base, often acuminate,
10-12 cm. long, 4-6.5 cm. broad, chartaceous, glabrous; peduncles
5-8 mm. long, puberulent as also the calyx and corolla, the former
3.6-4 mm. long, the latter twice as long. The Peruvian specimens
have coriaceous leaflets and at least on the leaves seen only 1 to
2 pairs; the calyx is scarcely 3 mm. long; the determinations there-
fore are open to question. F.M. Neg. 1202.
San Martin: Pongo de Cainarachi, 6 meter tree, flowers rose,
Klug 2667 (det. Killip). Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 572; 216.
San Antonio, Killip & Smith 29382. Brazil.
Pithecolobium laetum (Poepp. & Endl.) Benth. in Hook. Lond.
Journ. Bot. 3: 203. 1844; 434. Inga laeta Poepp. & Endl. Nov.
FLORA OF PERU 57
Gen. & Sp. 3: 80. 1845. P. polycarpum Poepp. & Endl. I.e. 81.
Klugiodendron laetum (Poepp. & Endl.) Britton & Killip, Ann. N. Y.
Acad. Sci. 35: 126. 1936.
Tree or small shrub, shortly rusty-villous on the branchlets,
petioles, peduncles and leaf nerves or glabrate in age especially the
leaves; stipules subulate, 4 mm. long; petioles 2.5-5 cm. long, the
glands oblong, the rachis very short, rarely 2.5 cm. long, the pinnae
usually 1 pair as also the oval or oblong-elliptic, acuminate reticu-
late-veined leaflets, these to 14 cm. long, about a third as wide;
peduncles ordinarily geminate, axillary, to 5 cm. long; calyx sessile,
turbinate, 2 mm. long, rusty-pubescent; corolla 6-7 mm. long, the
lobes glabrate or pubescent apically, the stamens 2.5 cm. long, their
tube included; pods to 1.5 dm. long, 1.5 cm. wide, the valves finally
somewhat contorted ; seeds white, with a fleshy aril (Poepp. & Endl.).
The related P. leucophyllum Spruce, 433, of the upper Amazon has
very obtuse lustrous leaflets, the corolla only twice as long as the
calyx; P. microcalyx Spruce, 434, has 2-3 pairs of broad leaflets,
the glabrous corolla four times longer than the pedicellate calyx.
To 12 meters, the timber esteemed for canoe paddles, from which
the native name "paddle-wood" (Williams). F.M. Neg. 1204.
San Martin: Pongo de Cainarachi, Klug 2639. Loreto: Mishu-
yacu, Klug 658; 794; 955; 1039; 1534 (all det. Harms). Soledad,
Killip & Smith 29726; 29746. Iquitos, Killip & Smith 27485.
Rio Paranapura, Klug 3933. Rio Nanay, Williams 359 (det. Harms).
Yurimaguas, Poeppig 2245; 2367; Tessmann 5509; Williams 3867;
4190; 4444; 4734 (all det. Harms). To the Guianas. "Shimbillo,"
"remo-caspi."
Pithecolobium latifolium (L.) Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ.
Bot. 3: 214. 1844; 595. Mimosa latifolia L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10: 1310.
1759. Zygia latifolia (L.) Fawc. & Rendle, Fl. Jam. 4, pt. 2: 150.
1920.
Typically glabrous, or the leaf -rachis somewhat puberulent; leaf-
lets 1 or 2 (3) pairs, usually with an extra one below, the lower alter-
nate, usually broadly elliptic, and with 3 nerves more prominent,
shortly and bluntly acuminate, highly variable in size, 4 cm. long,
1.5 cm. broad, or more usually 7-12 cm. long, 4-5 cm. broad; stipules
sometimes persistent, 3-4 mm. long; flower-heads subsessile, densely
clustered; calyx rarely more than 1 mm. long; corolla striate, dilated
sometimes toward the ciliate teeth, 5-7 mm. long, the red stamens
more than twice as long, their tube exserted; pods slightly curved,
58 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
1-3 dm. long, 1.5-2.5 cm. broad. Originally from the West Indies
but apparently the Peruvian specimens are not distinguishable.
P. glomeratum (DC.) Benth. seems questionably distinct; it has,
ordinarily, 3 lanceolate leaflets. This and allied species characteris-
tically grow along streams.
Loreto: Iquitos, Mexia 6515 (det. Standl.); Killip & Smith 27410;
Tessmann 3640; 5118 (det. Harms, P. glomeratum or affine). Mouth
of Rio Santiago, Tessmann 4090 (det. Harms, P. cauliflorum or
affine). Rio Acre: Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5328; 5798. To Central
America and the West Indies.
Pithecolobium longifolium (H. & B.) Standl. Field Mus.
Bot. 4: 212. 1929. Inga longifolia H. & B. ex Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1010.
1806. Zygia longifolia (H. & B.) Britt. & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23:
40. 1928.
Glabrous or sparsely evanescently puberulent on the leaf-rachi;
pinnae 2, with 1-2 pairs of oblong-lanceolate membranous or in
age chartaceous leaflets, these acuminate at both ends, reticulate-
venose, the larger about 12 cm. long, 4 cm. broad, the additional
leaflet near base of rachis if present very much smaller; stipules
minute or small, acuminate; spikes about 2 cm. long, shortly
peduncled or subsessile, 2 or several on the older branches below the
leaves; calyx campanulate, less than 1 mm. long, glabrous or the
minute teeth ciliate; corolla 3-4 mm. long, white, the ovate lobes
acute; stamens 1.5 cm. long, the tube exserted; pods to 10 cm. long,
torulose, with many black orbicular-lenticular seeds. P. brevispi-
catum Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 68. 1922, seems similar,
especially to the northern forms that have been included, but is
puberulent on the leaves beneath.
Cajamarca: Near Cavico at the River Chamaya, Bonpland,
type. San Martin: Juanjui, tree, 10 meters, flowers white and
yellow, Klug 3915 (det. Standl., P. amplum). Junin: Puerto Yessup,
Killip & Smith 26360 (det. Killip). Ecuador? Colombia? "Chi-
chimbina."
Pithecolobium macrophyllum Spruce ex Benth. Trans. Linn.
Soc. 30: 593. 1860. P. martinianum Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 22:
145. 1940.
Glabrous; rachis of the 2-5 foliate leaves 10-25 cm. long, with a
small depressed gland between each pair of subcoriaceous, obliquely
oblong-elliptic acuminate leaflets, these reticulate-veined especially
FLORA OF PERU 59
beneath, pale green, the larger terminal, 1.5 dm. long or longer,
6-8 cm. broad, the odd basal one much reduced; spikes 1 or 2, 1-1.5
dm. long, including the 3-4 cm. long peduncle; calyx 1-3 mm. long,
the narrowly tubular corolla to 12 mm. long, apparently glabrous
but under a lens, as the calyx, obscurely and sparsely puberulent
at the subobtusely lobed tip; stamen tube more or less exserted.
A tree 3 meters high with lilac-rose flowers (Klug) ; robust climbing
shrub, spikes red (Spruce). From scrap of the type, including
flowers which show considerable variation in length of calyx and
stamen tube, it seems impossible to maintain the Klug specimen as
a distinct species. F.M. Neg. 32030.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4112, type. Chazuta, Klug 4149
(type, P. martinianum).
Pithecolobium Mathewsii Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot.
3: 222. 1844; 597.
Tree with stocky branchlets, these puberulent, conspicuously
spinose; pinnae 5-8 pairs; leaflets 15-20 pairs, obliquely oblong,
scarcely 3-nerved, glabrous above, puberulent beneath, about 5 mm.
long; peduncles 1 cm. long; calyx truncate, scarcely a third as long
as the ampliate corolla, this about 6 mm. long. Timber highly
esteemed; common on the sandy plain of Tarapoto (Williams).
P. mangense (Jacq.) Macbr., widely distributed, often has somewhat
smaller leaflets, corolla barely 4 mm. long, pod 10-12 mm. broad;
however, the species seem to be very similar. F.M. Neg. 1210.
San Martin: Moyobamba, (Mathews, type; Weberbauer, 290).
Tarapoto, Spruce 4185. Juanjui, 4 meter tree, flowers cream,
Williams 6463; 5532 (det. Harms); Klug 4173. "Algarrobo."
Pithecolobium multiflorum (HBK.) Benth. in Hook. Lond.
Journ. Bot. 3: 220. 1844; 445. Acacia multiflora HBK. Nov. Gen.
& Sp. 6: 277. 1823. Samanea multiflora (HBK.) Pitt. Trab. Mus.
Com. Venez. 2: 91. 1927. Senegalia multiflora (HBK.) Killip,
Trop. Woods 63: 6. 1940. Arthrosamanea multiflora (HBK.) Kleinh.
in Pulle, Fl. Surinam 2, pt. 2: 326. 1940. P. Weberbaueri Harms,
Repert. Sp. Nov. 16: 350. 1919.
Branchlets glabrous, their crowded leaves slightly overtopping
the many-flowered narrow inflorescences, the small flower-heads
racemose on peduncles only 5-10 mm. long, petiole gland obscure;
leaf-rachis 6-10 cm. long; pinnae 1-3 (4) pairs, 5-10 cm. long, with
8-11 pairs of obliquely oblong leaflets rounded at both ends, or
60 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
barely acutish, sparsely puberulent-pilose beneath, or glabrate,
mostly 1-2.5 cm. long, 5-13 mm. broad; flowers glabrous or nearly,
2-2.5 mm. long; stamens to 20; pods to 12 cm. long, 18-20 mm.
broad, about 6 mm. thick, indehiscent. The species could be left
in Acacia; the type was described as glabrous, the leaflets acute
but actually under the binocular they are seen to be obscurely
puberulent and they are acute merely by an obscure mucro. Since
the type of P. Weberbaueri and P. multiflorum are from the same
region it does not seem probable that these discrepancies are more
than variations to be expected in one species. However, I doubt
that the material that has been referred to P. multiflorum from
outside Peru (except Ecuador) is the same; Ducke, from material
other than Peruvian, has described the pod as suggesting that of
Wallaceodendron Koord., the valves of the pericarp remaining
entire while the mesocarp separates and becomes divided into
indehiscent segments; this is certainly not the case with the plant
interpreted here as the species of HBK. P. coripatense Rusby, Bull.
N. Y. Bot. Card. 4: 349. 1907, found as near as La Paz, Bolivia,
has 6 pairs of pinnae, puberulent leaflets, pods apparently as de-
scribed by Ducke. P. triflorum Benth. from southern Ecuador
seems to be the same unless for the fewer (1-2) pinnae. F.M. Neg.
1221.
Piura: Negritos, Haught 274- Cabo Blanco, Haught F112;
180. Cajamarca: San Felipe, near Jae*n, Bonpland, type. Between
Jae*n and Bellavista, 600 meters, Weberbauer 6207 (type, P. Weber-
baueri). Ancash: Uchos, 1,700 meters, Weberbauer 7021 ("differs
from type in larger leaflets," Harms). Loreto: Iquitos, Killip &
Smith 29999(1}. "Cospano."
Pithecolobium niopoides Spruce ex Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras.
15, pt. 2: 447. 1876.
Similar to P. polycephalum but the growing young parts ashy-
puberulent, the leaflets linear-foliate, puberulent or finally glabrate,
only 3-4 mm. long, to 30 pairs on 6-8 pairs of pinnae; racemes in
the upper axils 5-10 cm. long, the slender peduncles 4-8 mm. long,
the heads without the stamens only 4 mm. thick; flowers sessile, the
corolla 2 mm. long, about 3 times longer than the calyx; stamens
6 mm. long, the tube subexserted ; pods unknown. The wood absorbs
water like a sponge and remains wet (Ducke). F.M. Neg. 1213.
Loreto: Mouth of Santiago, Tessmann 4035 (det. Harms).
Bolivia; Brazil.
FLORA OF PERU 61
Pithecolobium oriundum Macbr., spec. nov.
Arbor; ramulis cortice sordide incano obtectis flexuosis sub-
teretibus; petiolis cum rachidibus foliorum pulverulentis; pinnis
unijugis; foliolis 1-2 jugis (addito uno inferiore) oblongo-ellipticis
basi inaequaliter acutis apice acute acuminatis, 8-12 cm. longis,
3-5 cm. latis, submembranaceis, glabris vix nitidulis utrinque
reticulato-venosis; spicis ad 1.5 dm. longis; floribus sessilibus, minu-
tissime parceque puberulis, calycibus vix 1 mm. longis corollis vix
5 mm. longis; filamentorum tubus satis exsertus. The Tessmann
specimen was in Herb. Dahlem as P. amplum Spruce; it has some-
what longer calyx and corolla 7 mm. long and possibly is referable
to P. macrophyllum or some related species; only a scrap is available
to me at this time.
Loreto: Yurimaguas to Balsapuerto, Killip & Smith 28273,
type. Mouth of Santiago, Tessmann
Pithecolobium polycephalum Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ.
Bot. 3: 219. 1844; 446. Samanea polycephala (Kunth) Pitt. Bol.
Cient. y Teen. Mus. Com. Venez. rio. 1: 55. 1925. Albizzia poly-
cephala Killip, Trop. Woods 63: 6. 1940.
Branchlets, petioles and peduncles reddish tomentulose, the
last slender, 12-25 mm. long, often fasciculate in racemes, some-
times paniculate in the upper axils and on the branchlet-ends; stipules
small, subulate, caducous; petioles often 1 dm. long or longer, glan-
dular, the middle gland oblong; pinnae 8-10 pairs, usually 5-7 (11)
cm. long, the 12-15 (25) pairs of sessile falcate-oblong obtuse or
acutish leaflets 6-8 mm. long, 3 (4) mm. wide, glabrous or glabrate
above, minutely appressed puberulent beneath; bracts glanduliferous;
heads without stamens (these 12 mm. long their tube included) 6 mm.
in diameter; flowers puberulent, the calyx 1.5 mm. long, the corolla
3-4 mm. long (or longer?); pods straight or falcate, reddish-tomen-
tulose, 7-12 cm. long, to nearly 2 cm. wide, the margins little enlarged,
indehiscent. This is indeed a species of Albizzia if Pithecolobium
should be, as technically possible, submerged. Tree to 20 meters
high.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4407. Rio Acre: Ule 9437 (distr.
as P. multiflorum). Brazil to Guiana and Colombia.
Pithecolobium Saman (Jacq.) Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ.
Bot. 3: 216. 1844; 441. Mimosa Saman Jacq. Fragm. 15. pi. 9.
1800. Enterolobium Saman (Jacq.) Prain, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal
62 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
66: 252. 1897. Samanea Saman (Jacq.) Merrill, Journ. Wash. Acad.
Sci. 6: 47. 1916.
Branchlet tips, petioles and inflorescences including the flowers
ashy or yellowish tomentulose-puberulent; stipules linear-lanceolate,
caducous; basal petiolar gland urceolate; pinnae 2-4 pairs, the upper
pinnae with 12-16 leaflets, progressively fewer below, the lowest
with not more than 8, all approximate, obliquely obovate or sub-
rhombic, obtuse, lustrous and glabrous or nearly on the reticulate-
veined upper surfaces, puberulent-strigillose beneath, mostly 3-4
cm. long, about half as broad, exceptionally to twice as large;
peduncles axillary, solitary or usually fascicled, 5-12 cm. long, the
head-like umbel rounded with 10-12 flowers on pedicels 2-4 mm.
long; calyx and corolla narrowly tubular, appressed silky-pilose,
the former 6 mm. long, the latter nearly twice as long; stamens
roseate, to 5 cm. long, the tube included; pods straight or somewhat
curved, fleshy, indehiscent, 1-2 dm. long, rarely 2.5 cm. wide.
Var. acutifolia Benth. refers to specimens with ovate or obovate
acutish less coriaceous and more glabrate leaves, the larger 5 cm.
long or longer; calyx slightly larger than in typical form (Bentham).
The herbarium specimens resemble Albizzia Lebbek (which com-
pare) with however membranous broader pods, usually less pubescent
thinner duller leaflets; it is perhaps in cultivation in Peru. Planted
in the tropics and known as "raintree."
San Martin: Juanjui, Klug 3761. Tarapoto, Williams 5495.
Junin : Chanchamayo Valley, Schunke 58. La Merced, 5433. Central
and South America. "Huacamayo-chico."
1
Pithecolobium sophorocarpum Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f.
Gen. PI. 1: 598. 1865; 588. P. angustifolium Rusby, Mem. N. Y.
Bot. Card. 7: 253. 1927.
Slender tree 6-12 meters high well marked in fruit by the fleshy
terete moniliform scarlet necklace-like pods, strongly contracted
between the seeds into often 9-12 ovoid segments 1.5 cm. long,
nearly 1 cm. broad; leaf-rachi and slender solitary or geminate
peduncles more or less rusty-puberulent, the latter to 5 cm. long;
pinnae 1-7 pairs (the gland between each pair small), usually with
12-25 obliquely oblong acute leaflets mostly 7-15 mm. long, 2-5 mm.
broad, sometimes considerably larger or especially longer, glabrous
or sometimes pubescent at base beneath; calyx scarcely 2 mm. long;
corolla about 7 mm. long, the stamen tube included. Highly
FLORA OF PERU 63
variable in size of leaflets, which prompted Rusby to propose var.
angustifolium, Mem. Torrey Club 6: 28. 1896, but a series of
specimens seems to show variation in Central America as in the
Andes.
Huanuco: Common on forested slope, above Cayumba, Mexia
8309. Bolivia; Central America. "Siraricillo."
Pithecolobium Spruceanum Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15,
pt. 2: 443. 1876; 590. Macrosamanea Spruceana (Benth.) Killip,
Trop. Woods 63: 6. 1940.
Vigorous scandent shrub, glabrous except the minutely tomen-
tulose growing parts and the inflorescence including the showy
white flowers, the stamens of which attain 3.5 cm.; stipules obsolete;
petioles to 3 dm. long, the larger glands scutellate; pinnae 6-9 pairs,
7-12 cm. long with mostly 12-18 pairs of sessile ovate-rhombic
incurved acute lustrous subcoriaceous leaflets, 12-18 mm. long,
6-8 mm. wide, the terminal pair acuminate; peduncles stout, 12-18
mm. long, in the upper axils and crowded terminally, the flowers
sessile, their corolla 5 cm. long, more than twice as long as the
tubular calyx; stamens numerous, the tube long-exserted; pods
unknown. Supposedly related Brazilian species, these with pods
(so far as known) thin to rigid-coriaceous, straight or falcate, to be
expected include P. simabaefolium Spruce, 443, 1 pair of pinnae,
1-2 pairs of oblong or obovate obtuse leaflets, to 2.5 cm. long; P.
discolor (Humb. & Bonpl.) Macbr., comb. nov. (Inga discolor
Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1023. 1805; Inga adiantifolia
Kunth, Mimoseae 66. pi. 21. 1820; P. adiantifolium (Kunth) Benth.
in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3: 218. 1844; Macrosamanea discolor
(Humb. & Bonpl.) Britton & Rose, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 35: 131.
1936), well-marked by the narrow (6 mm.) leaflets, to 2.5 cm. long;
P. longiflorum Benth., 444, and P. lindseaefolium Spruce, 443, both
with many falcate-rhombic or oblong obtuse or obtusish leaflets,
1-2.5 cm. long, the former with 6-8, the latter with 3-4 pairs of
pinnae. P. Spruceanum and relatives according to Ducke become
lianas in inundated forests while in open places or along banks they
are shrubs with long tortuous branches. The species may be a
variety of P. discolor.
Loreto: Rio Itaya, Williams 3282. Timbuchi, Williams 879.
Mishuyacu, Klug 2504- Soledad, Tessmann 5257 (det. Harms).
Brazil. "Pashaquilla," "yaku-pashaca."
64 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Pithecolobium umbriflorum Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio
Jan. 5: 122. 1930.
Small tree, the white flowers in globosely clustered short spikes
at the nodes of the defoliate branchlets; stipules small; pinnae 3-4
pairs, sometimes with a scutellate gland between them, the rachi
more or less rusty- villous, in the Peruvian plant lightly so; leaflets
6-9 pairs, the terminal to 5 cm. long, about 2 cm. broad, the lower
gradually smaller, subrhombic-falcate-oblong, strongly oblique at
base, incurved-acute and shortly setaceo-acuminate at apex, rigidly
chartaceous, scarcely conspicuously reticulate-venulose beneath;
spikes 1-2 cm. long; calyces 2-2.5 mm. long, glabrous or nearly as
the corolla, this 4-6 mm. long, the stamen tube shortly exserted.
Affine P. basijugum; the Peruvian collection seems to differ only
in being less pubescent.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 404- Brazil.
Pithecolobium unifoliolatum Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ.
Bot. 3: 212. 1844; 595.
Glabrous tree sometimes 30 meters high; pinnae 1 pair, the leaflets
solitary, oblong-elliptic, lanceolate, acuminate, 1.5 dm. long, 3.5-4.5
cm. broad, subcoriaceous, reticulate-veined, especially beneath,
scarcely or not at all lustrous; heads subglobose on peduncles 3-8
mm. long, fascicled at the nodes, the white glabrous or nearly
glabrous flowers sessile; calyx minute, scarcely 0.5 mm. long, the
corolla 6-8 mm. long; stamen tube shortly or distinctly exserted.
In a specimen at Paris referred here by Bentham himself the
stamen tube is long exserted. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt.
2. pi. 118.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 460; 1358. Amazonian Brazil. "Inga-
rana."
4. ENTEROLOBIUM Mart.
Like Pithecolobium, section Samanea, except that the pod is
broadly circinate or incurved-reniform, fleshy compressed, becoming
hard, divided within between the seeds, indehiscent. As remarked
by Bentham there is no difference except in the pod and its main-
tenance must be on the ground of convenience because traditionally
recognized. This is scarcely justified if Pithecolobium itself is retained
in its broad traditional sense. Prain proposed to include here P.
Samanea (Jacq.) Benth.
FLORA OF PERU 65
Enterolobium Schomburgkii Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15,
pt. 2: 457. 1876. Pithecolobium Schomburgkii Benth. in Hook. Lond.
Journ. Bot. 3: 219. 1844.
Branchlet tips, petals and peduncles rusty tomentose-puberulent,
the petioles glandular, the peduncles axillary, mostly 2-3 together,
scarcely 2.5 cm. long; pinnae 10-20 pairs to 5 cm. long, the leaflets
50-60 pairs, linear-falcate, rigid, convex and lustrous above, puberu-
lent beneath, 2-4 mm. long; calyx turbinate-tubular, 2 mm. long,
the infundibuliform corolla scarcely 4 mm. long; stamens rarely 20;
pod forming 1-2 cycles, dull or scarcely lustrous, 2.5-5 cm. broad.
To over 30 meters high on terra firma. E. timbouva Mart, and E.
maximum Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 1: 13. 1915; I.e. 2:
62. 1922, have only 2-5 pairs of pinnae, the leaflets of the former
10-20 pairs, to 18 mm. long, those of the latter 6-10 pairs, 1.5-3.5
cm. long.
Rio Acre: Mouth of Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5569. To the
Guianas and Central America.
5. CEDRELINGA Ducke
Character of Pithecolobium but the peduncles of the flower-
heads proceeding from nodes, these well developed especially after
anthesis. Pods pendulous, elongate, stiped, consisting of as many
as 6 thin compressed segments separated by somewhat contorted
tissue, each medially at the one seed little thickened but reticulate,
the sutures lineate. Seed large, plane, oval, soft. Large tree with
trunk of Cedrela, leaves nearly those of Piptadenia Poeppigii, bi-
pinnate, the leaflets few, ample, the inflorescence and flowers recalling
Pithecolobium niopoides (Ducke).
Cedrelinga catenaeformis Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio
Jan. 3: 70. pi. 6. 1922. Piptadenia catenaeformis Ducke, I.e. 1: 17.
pis. 5, 6. 1915.
Bark deeply longitudinally rugose; pinnae 1-2 pairs; leaflets
petiolulate, 3 pairs, obliquely ovate, rounded at base, acuminate,
5-9 cm. long, 2.5-5 cm. wide, lustrous above, opaque beneath, gla-
brous and densely reticulate-veined both sides; central rachis of
terminal and upper axillary inflorescence to 15 cm. long bearing
from alternate nodes 1-several peduncled heads, these peduncles
about 1 cm. long, the heads scarcely as thick; flowers sessile, the
subglabrous calyx hardly 1 mm. long, with 5 triangular teeth; corolla
greenish-yellowish, about 4 mm. long, more than twice exceeded
66 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
by the white stamens that are connate barely to the middle of the
corolla; pod segments oblong-oval to 15 cm. long, 5 cm. wide at
middle, the terminal one often rudimentary. Each fruit segment
resembles the pod of Platymiscium. One of the largest trees of the
Amazonian region in height and size of trunk, one example noted
being 49 meters tall, 1.85 meters in diameter at 1.5 meters above
the ground; wood more spongy than that of Cedrela and emits, when
worked (but is as yet little used) a disagreeable odor (Ducke).
F.M. Neg. 1224.
Loreto: Yurimaguas (fide Ducke). Amazonian Brazil. "Cedro-
rana."
6. CALLIANDRA Benth.
Anneslea Salisb.
Reference: Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 536-557. 1875.
Shrubs or trees, usually unarmed, the bipinnate leaves with few
to many membranous or more often firm small or ample leaflets,
the narrow flowers with long (mostly 2.5 cm. long or longer) stamens
borne in heads on axillary peduncles or these solitary or subfascicu-
late in terminal racemes. Flowers 5 (6) -merous, polygamous, the
corolla narrowly campanulate to long-tubular, the petals valvate,
coalescent to the middle. Calyx campanulate, rarely deeply divided.
Stamens 10-100, partly connate or free, anthers minute, glandular-
hirsute, rarely glabrous. Ovary sessile, many-ovuled. Pods linear,
straight or nearly, usually flat with thickened margins, coriaceous
or somewhat fleshy, elastically dehiscing from apex to the often
narrowed base. The name Calliandra is conserved.
Pinnae 1-2 pairs and the larger leaflets at least about 2 cm. long.
Leaflets 1-2 pairs.
Leaflets ample, the larger several cm. wide.
Peduncles laxly panicled C. amazonica.
Peduncles more or less fascicled at the nodes.
Peduncles usually 1.5 cm. long or longer or the leaflets
obtusely acuminate.
Stamen tube included ; pod 8-10 mm. wide . . C. bombycina.
Stamen tube long-exserted; pod 14-16 mm. wide.
C. carbonaria.
Peduncles shorter than 1 cm.; leaflets acutely acuminate.
C. rotundifolia.
Leaflets all or mostly narrower than 1 cm C. angustifolia.
FLORA OF PERU 67
Leaflets several pairs.
Leaflets glabrous or essentially.
Terminal leaflets little larger than others; staminal tube ex-
serted C. chotanoana.
Terminal leaflets much larger than the others; staminal tube
little exserted C. decrescens.
Leaflets softly villous C. mollissima.
Pinnae usually and at least mostly more than 2 pairs; leaflets in any
case small and many.
Pinnae 1-2 pairs; leaflets 10-15 pairs, 2-3 mm. long. . . .C. expansa.
Pinnae at least mostly more than 2 pairs.
Leaflets coriaceous and lustrous or else minute.
Leaflets 4-8 mm. long; flowers long-pilose C. Cumingii.
Leaflets 2-2.5 mm. long; flowers glabrous or minutely pilose.
Peduncles very short C. prostrata.
Peduncles elongate C. tumbeziana.
Leaflets membranous, soft, light or bright green, at least
several mm. long.
Petioles glandular C. filipes.
Petioles eglandular.
Leaflets 8-12 (20) mm. long; stamens white.
C. portoricensis.
Leaflets 4-6 mm. long; stamens roseate C. caracasana.
Calliandra amazonica Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3:
94. 1844; 409. Inga bauhiniaefolia Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. &
Sp. 3: 80. pi. 290. 1845.
Glabrous or the leaflets under a lens granular-punctate, and
sparsely hispidulous on the nerves; stipules ovate-lanceolate or
narrower, to 12 mm. long; petioles 2.5-3 cm. long, eglandular, bearing
at an angle 1 pair pinnae, the leaflets usually 2, falcately oblong-
ovate, 10 cm. long, 4 cm. wide, to about twice as large, obtusely
acuminate, strongly oblique basally, more or less lustrous, firm,
the 2-3 nerves beneath prominent, the veins rather obscure; terminal
panicles with elongate branches, the peduncles solitary or fasciculate
at nodes, 12-30 cm. long; bracts oblong or ovate, half as long as the
calyx, this 1.5 mm. long, more or less deeply 5-dentate, the turbinate-
campanulate thin corolla about 3 times longer, greenish- white;
stamens roseate, many, shorter or little longer than 2.5 cm., the
68 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
tube included; pods thinly coriaceous to 2 dm. long, 1 cm. wide,
reticulate-veined, the margins greatly thickened. C. trinervia Benth.
Amazonian and similar, has the peduncles in axillary fascicles, the
shortly dentate calyx many times shorter than the firm striate
corolla, the stamen tube long-exserted. Tree to 9 meters; stamens
crimson (Mexia). F.M. Neg. 1226.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4494; Williams 6548; Ule 6720
Huanuco: Tingo Maria, Stork & Horton 9477. Along Rio Huallaga,
Mexia 8295 (det. Killip). Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, Schunke
295. Loreto: Yurimaguas, Poeppig2070, type. Rio Acre: Ule 9438.
Calliandra angustifolia Spruce ex Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc.
30: 539. 1875.
Tall glabrous shrub or small tree with spreading branches and
many short densely leafy flowering branchlets, the flower-heads
shortly peduncled in the axils; pinnae 1 pair, and leaflets 1-2 pairs,
oblong, rather strongly oblique, when 2 pairs very unequal in size,
the lower often reduced to 1 leaflet and only a few mm. (to 10)
long, the upper usually 2-2.5 (-3) cm. long, about 8 mm. wide,
coriaceous, lustrous, 2-nerved; peduncles 4-8 mm. long; calyx 2 mm.
long, corolla nearly 3 times as long, the greenish-white flowers with
roseate stamens to 4 cm. long; pods finally ligneous, to 9 cm. long,
7 mm. broad, the margins strongly thickened, the valves scarcely
venose. C. subnervosa Benth. and M. Sodiroi Harms, Repert. Sp.
Nov. 17: 86. 1921, both of Ecuador, are somewhat pubescent; the
former has 2 pairs of leaflets, shortly pubescent branchlets, the
latter slightly pubescent leaflets. Used for construction (Williams).
San Martin: Juanjui, King 3765. Pongo de Cainarachi, King
2679. San Roque, Williams 6930; 7719; 7720. Junin: River gravel
bank, La Merced, 5577; Killip & Smith 23611. Rio Perene", Killip
& Smith 25122. Puerto Yessup, Killip & Smith 26347. Loreto:
Pongo de Manseriche, Mexia 6313. Rio Nanay, Williams 412.
North of Santiago, Tessmann 4097. Brazil. "Bobinsana,"
"bubinianal."
Calliandra bombycina Spruce ex Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc.
30: 538. 1875.
Glabrous, 2-9 meters high, the leaves with 1 pair of spreading
pinnae, the leaflets often 2 pairs, the lower of these about half as
large as the upper, or frequently themselves very unequal or reduced
to 1 leaflet; leaflets obliquely oblong or ovate, more or less, often
FLORA OF PERU 69
shortly and bluntly acuminate, 6-16 cm. long, 4-7 cm. wide,
chartaceous, slightly lustrous, loosely reticulate-veined; peduncles
solitary or fascicled, 1.5-2 cm. long, stipulately bracted at base, the
stipules ovate, rigid, striate; calyx 3 mm. long; corolla firm, striate,
to 12 mm. long, the stamens sometimes 5 cm. long, the tube included
or scarcely exserted; pods coriaceous, 10 cm. long or longer, 8-10
mm. broad. C. boliviano, Britton, found as near as La Paz, is ap-
parently the same; C. glyphoxylon Spruce, 539, of Ecuador, is recog-
nizable by its pilose leaflets, much smaller flowers and minute or
obsolete stipules. According to Spruce "the rich colored silky
flower-heads are much used as ornaments for the hair." F.M.
Neg. 32031.
San Martin : Tarapoto, Spruce 4235, type; Williams 6821 . Juanjui,
Klug 4354. Loreto: Rio Itaya, Williams 3303. Mouth of Santiago,
Tessmann 4101 (var., det. Harms).
Calliandra caracasana (Jacq.) Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30:
543. 1875. Mimosa caracasana Jacq. Icon. Rar. 3: 20. 1786-93.
Glabrous or very sparsely pubescent slender-stemmed shrub
usually a meter or so high with delicate light green rather remote
leaves composed of 3-6 pairs of pinnae, these about 3 cm. long, and
with 10-25 pairs of crowded linear leaflets, 4-6 mm. long, scarcely
1 mm. broad, soft, paler beneath; stipules lanceolate-acuminate,
striate, to 5 mm. long; peduncles slender, usually 4-5 cm. long, the
flower-heads 5-8 mm. thick; calyx cleft, 2 mm. long; corolla 3
mm. long, the roseate stamens more than 3 times longer; pods 5-7.5
cm. long, 4-8 mm. broad, the margins moderately enlarged, the
valves submembranous. The deeply divided calyx is noteworthy.
Cuzco: Valle de Santa Ana, Herrera 904 (det. Harms). Echarate,
Prov. Convention, 900 meters, Vargas 249; Stork & Norton 10455.
To Panama and Venezuela.
Calliandra carbonaria Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3:
95. 1844; 538.
Similar to C. bombycina but the leaflets apparently always 1 pair,
sometimes with 1 additional, much smaller leaflet; corolla 8-9 mm.
long, the stamen tube long-exserted ; pods 14-16 mm. broad. It
seems probable that more collections may show that only one some-
what variable species is concerned. C. trinervia Benth. of Brazil
is apparently intermediate in character, the calyx only 2 mm. long,
the corolla 6 mm. long. F.M. Neg. 1233.
70 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Loreto: Pongo de Manseriche, Mexia 6336 (det. Standl., C.
amazonica). Florida, Klug 2349 (det. Standl., C. bombycina). Rio
Mazan, Jose Schunke 258 (det. Standl.). Above Lima, (Raimondi).
Ecuador and apparently to Central America.
Calliandra chotanoana Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 17: 442. 1921.
Branchlet tips, leaf-rachi and solitary geminate peduncles shortly
pilose; leaflets 3-5 pairs, sessile, obliquely obovate, or broadly
subrhombic-oblong, strongly oblique at the base especially the
terminal, rounded or retuse at apex, 1-2.5 cm. long, 5-15 mm. broad,
the lower often minute or deciduous, glabrous or subglabrous, sub-
coriaceous, 2-3-nerved; stipules lanceolate, acute, 3-4 mm. long;
peduncles 1-2 cm. long; flowers glabrous or nearly; calyx 1-2 mm.
long, the corolla 4.5 mm. long, the exserted stamens 3 cm. long or
longer. Apparently similar to C. purpurea (L.) Benth. and C.
tenuiflora Benth., 547, but flowers as to type smaller. C. aculeata
Spruce, of Ecuador, has leaflets 2.5-5 cm. long, the peduncles 5 cm.
long; C. haematocephala Hassk., 548, origin unknown, is apparently
similar but has obtusely acuminate, much larger leaflets. It seems
probable that C. purpurea is variable. F.M. Neg. 1235.
Cajamarca: Valley of the Rio Chotano, 1,000 meters, Weberbauer
7123, type.
Calliandra Cumingii H. & A. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 2:
140. 1840; 551. Inga speciosa Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10,
pt. 2: 320. 1840-44.
Remotely leafy, the puberulent villous petioles proceeding from
conspicuous, apparently clustered, coriaceous membranous-margined
acute stipules about 5 mm. long; pinnae 2-6 pairs with 10-25 pairs
of oblong, somewhat falcate, firm lustrous glabrous leaflets (the
rachis puberulent), usually 4-6 mm. long, 2 mm. broad or on the
older or lower leaves twice as large; peduncles slender, to 3 cm. long;
flowers at least typically somewhat long-pilose, the calyx scarcely
1 mm. long, the corolla nearly 8 mm. long; pods subligneous.
The flowers of material referred here from Central America are
essentially glabrous; Bentham remarked: "The specimens I have
seen are none of them very satisfactory, but I believe they all belong
to one species."
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, (Mathews, det. Benth.). Panama to
Mexico.
FLORA OF PERU 71
Calliandra decrescens Killip & Macbr., spec. nov.
Arbor ad 6 m. alta; pinnis unijugis, foliolis 5-6 jugis oblique obo-
vatis subrhombeisve obtusis vel obtuse acuminatis imprimis termi-
nalibus usque 4 cm. longis, 2 cm. latis, a apice ad basin foliorum
conspicue decrescentibus utrinque costa media excepta glabris
tenuiter reticulato-venulosis nitidulis; pedunculis puberulis 1.5 cm.
longis; calyce vix 2 mm. longo glabro, striato; corolla 6-7 mm. longa,
haud striata, sparse strigosa; staminum tubo incluso vel vix exserto;
legumine puberulo intra margines crassos coriaceo 12 cm. longo,
ad 1 cm. lato. Another close ally of C. purpurea (L.) Benth. and
apparently nearest C. tenuiflora Benth. but that species has long-
exserted stamen tube and smaller completely glabrous leaflets,
even the terminal little different in size from the others. Flowers
noted by collector as dark red and white.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 152, type; 791.
Calliandra expansa [R. & P.] Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30:
549. 1875. Mimosa expansa R. & P. in herb.
Low shrub forming clumps that are matted by the incurving of
the branches, these sometimes minutely puberulent at the tips;
leaves with 1 or rarely 2 pinnae, these only a cm. or so long and
with 10-15 pairs of linear, slightly oblique obtuse or acutish leaflets
2-3 mm. long; peduncles obsolete, to 5 mm. long; calyx 1 mm. long,
the corolla 4 mm. long, the stamens about twice as long; pods sub-
ligneous, glabrous, about 3.5 cm. long, 4-6 mm. broad. The flowers
of my collection were a very deep and bright yellow. C. taxifolia
Benth., 546, and C. magdalenae Benth., 547, both found as near as
Ecuador, usually have more leaflets that are about twice as long,
the former with corolla 6 mm. long, the stamen tube included, the
latter with corolla to 4 mm. long, the stamen tube exserted. F.M.
Neg. 1229.
Ancash: Below Chavin, (Weberbauer, 174). Near Huaraz, 2,200
meters, Weberbauer 3260, flowers blood red; 173. Huanuco: Below
Ambo, dry gravelly slope, 2419. San Rafael, Sawada PI 22. Near
Huanuco, Ruiz & Pavdn, type.
Calliandra filipes Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 2: 139.
1840; 542.
In general like C. caracasana but at least most of the petioles
with a small gland near the base and with minute glands between
1 or more of the 3-4 pinnae, the rachi somewhat puberulent; leaflets
72 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
10-16 pairs, oblong, 8-12 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, puberulent both
sides; corolla 4 mm. long. I fail to see the leaf glands on the Peruvian
material and if the character is reliable, these specimens should be
referred to C. portoricensis.
San Martin: Flowers cream-colored, Juanjui, Klug 4298 (det.
Standl.). Chazuta, flowers white and yellow, Klug 4014 (det.
Standl.). Loreto: Yurimaguas, Ule 6725 (det. Harms). Brazil.
Calliandra mollissima (H. & B.) Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ.
Bot. 3: 97. 1840; 541. Mimosa mollisima Poir. in Lam. Encycl.
Suppl. 1: 46. 1810. Inga mollisima H. & B. in Willd. Sp. PI. 4:
1023. 1806.
Distinctive among Peruvian species by the extremely soft pilosity
that extends to the peduncles, least pronounced on the upper leaf
surfaces; pinnae 1 pair with 4-7 pairs of obliquely oblong or some-
what obovate, very obtuse leaflets, the terminal to 4 cm. long, 17 mm.
broad, the medial about a third as large; peduncles 2.5-5 cm. long;
flowers with the stamens nearly 5 cm. long, the corolla 4 times
longer than the calyx, this striate, appressed pubescent, about 4 mm.
long; pods ligneous, tomentose, villous, 7.5-10 cm. long, to 1 cm.
broad. Illustrated, Kunth, Mimoseae, pi 19. F.M. Neg. 1250.
Cajamarca: Near Guerocotillo, Jan de Bracamoros, Bonpland,
type. Near Jae"n, Weberbauer 6238 (det. Harms). Cutervo, 7134-
Calliandra portoricensis (Jacq.) Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ.
Bot. 3: 99. 1840; 543. Mimosa portoricensis Jacq. Icon. Rar. 3: 20.
pi. 683. 1786-93. C. Weberbaueri Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 17: 88.
1921.
Like C. caracasana, and as suggested by Bentham, perhaps not
distinct except that the leaflets are commonly 8-12 mm. long, 3-4
mm. broad, and the stamens typically white. Harms in describing
his species with stamens roseate except at base, merely remarked
"of the relationship of C. portoricensis," and in view of the apparent
inconstancy of the species already proposed in the group it seems
doubtful if it is possible to distinguish yet another form. C. formosa
(Kunth) Benth., 542, also of this affinity, and perhaps extending
from Bolivia, may be distinguished by its 4-8 pairs of leaflets 12-18
mm. long. F.M. Neg. 1268 (C. Weberbaueri).
Huancavelica: Valley of the Rio Mantaro, Weberbauer 6511
(type, C. Weberbaueri). Apurimac: Oropeza Valley, Vargas 9773.
Without locality, Ruiz & Pavon. Bolivia to Mexico. "Ichipicui."
FLORA OF PERU 73
Calliandra prostrata Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 554. 1875.
Prostrate, much branched, the younger thick tortuous branch-
lets minutely pilose; leaves small, crowded, the 2-4 pairs of pinnae
with 8-12 pairs of slightly lustrous narrowly linear leaflets, these
scarcely 2 mm. long; flower-heads with leaves on very short branch-
lets or crowded at foliate nodes, 4-6-flowered, the slender peduncles
2-4 mm. long; calyx 1.5 mm. long, the corolla hardly 4 mm. long,
the tube of the rather few stamens included. Except for the more
numerous pinnae this seems from description to be similar to C.
expansa.
Arequipa: Rocky slopes north of Mollendo, Worth & Morrison
15748. Without locality, (McLean in Herb. Hook., type).
Calliandra rotundifolia Killip & Macbr., spec. nov.
C. carbonaria peraffinis; petiolo communi haud incrassato 1.5-5
cm. longo; foliolis semper unijugis longe et acute acuminatis; pedun-
culis vix 4 mm. longis; corolla obscure striata; staminum tubo
breviter exserto. It could be treated as a variety of C. carbonaria
or C. trinervia (cf. under C. amazonica); the 2 leaflets form nearly
a circle. Flowers wine-red (Klug).
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 421 (type, U. S. Nat. Mus.).
Calliandra tumbeziana Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 89. 1930.
Branchlets white, glabrous; stipules ovate-lanceolate, acuminate,
striate; pinnae 3-5 pairs, mostly 1.5 cm. long, the rachi densely
ciliate-hirsutulous; leaflets 15-30 pairs, scarcely lustrous, oblong-
linear, acute, 1.5-2.5 mm. long; peduncles glabrate or little pilose,
2.5-4 cm. long; calyx striate, 2 mm. long, the obtuse teeth ciliate,
more than twice exceeded by the corolla, the white stamens about
2 cm. long, the tube slightly if at all exserted. Apparently nearest
C. expansa; shrub 3 meters high in deciduous bush- wood.
Tumbez: East of Hacienda Chicama, Weberbauer 7677, type.
7. LYSILOMA Benth.
Altogether like Acacia in appearance and character but the Peru-
vian species unarmed and, especially, the usually 12-30 (50) stamens
more or less connate into a tube and the elongate submembranous
pods with persisting margins from which at maturity or in age the
valves separate. Dugandia rostrata (H. & B.) Britton & Killip has
stamens free except that some of them are annulately joined at base;
74 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
its pods however are similar to those of Lysiloma (to which genus
Bentham referred it) except that they break into 1-seeded joints
as do those of Mimosa. Both Lysiloma and Dugandia therefore are
arbitrary enough genera but conveniently maintained by the taxono-
mist as connecting links between the groups that account naturally
for the majority of the species.
Lysiloma polyphylla (Clos) Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 535.
1875. Acacia polyphylla Clos in Gay, PI. Chile 2: 254. 1846.
Branchlets slender; pinnae 3-8 pairs with many linear inequi-
lateral mucronulate leaflets, 4-6 mm. long, firm, minutely and rather
sparsely, at least beneath, puberulent with lustrous trichomes, the
midnerve submarginal; rachis glands small or obscure; peduncles
2.5-3.5 cm. long, binate or fasciculate, the heads dense; calyx
membranous, 2 mm. long, the corolla nearly 4 mm. long, shortly
4-toothed; stamens nearly 50, about 12 mm. long, the tube nearly
as long as the corolla; pods membranous, to 12 cm. long, nearly
2 cm. broad, shortly stiped, rounded at tip and apiculate; seeds
brown, lustrous, flattened, 8 mm. broad, 10 mm. long. Although
the pod has opened there is no indication that the valves will separate
from the nerviform margins in the Peruvian specimen. F.M.Neg. 1225.
Arequipa: Below Chuquibamba, 1,800 meters, Weberbauer 6846
(det. Harms). Bolivia; Chile (cultivated).
8. ACACIA Willd.
Reference: Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 444-533. 1875.
With most of the characters of Mimosa and these as variable
but the stamens indefinite, free or slightly connate at base. The
stipules are often spinescent, the calyx often tubular or campanulate.
Pods ovate, oblong or linear, straight to contorted, continuous within
or variously divided, 2-valved, indehiscent, or very rarely breaking
into 1-seeded joints. Seeds transverse or longitudinal, the funicle
filiform or variously dilated into a fleshy aril. Besides the following,
Weberbauer lists A. tortuosa (L.) Willd., a species of the West
Indies and Colombia, his specimens no doubt referred to one or the
other of the first three species in the key. There are also three
specimens in fruit which I have not succeeded in placing but which
apparently are Acacias with spicate flowers; all are trees according
to the collectors, the prickles few and obscure: Cook & Gilbert 1485
and 1710 with native name "Huillca" have 8-12 pairs of pinnae,
the leaflets 3-4 mm. long, closely ciliate, the rachis spreading pilose-
FLORA OF PERU 75
puberulent, the pods 12 cm. long, nearly 3 cm. wide, shortly acumi-
nate at both ends, shortly stiped, densely puberulent; Killip &
Smith 2815 from Puerto Yessup is somewhat similar but the leaflets
are glabrous or appressed and sparsely ciliate, 5-6 mm. long, the
densely puberulent pods rounded at tip, apiculate, 2 cm. wide.
Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 4: 31. 1925, has presented a
perfect case against the segregation of the genus on the basis of the
presence or absence of a gland on the anthers.
Flowers capitate, the inflorescences few; stipular spines often con-
spicuous.
Leaflets 1 mm. wide or wider A. farnesiana.
Leaflets minute.
Prostrate or spreading, low shrub A. huarango.
Tree with erect trunk A. macracantha.
Flowers spicate or capitate, the inflorescences many, paniculate;
plants smooth or prickles scattered.
Flowers spicate.
Leaflets 3-4 mm. long, ciliolate; tree A. Weberbaueri.
Leaflets 6 mm. long or longer; lianas.
Leaflets many, small.
Leaflets linear, scarcely 1 mm. wide A. Kuhlmannii.
Leaflets oblong, 2-3 mm. wide.
Pods puberulent; leaflets puberulent beneath.
A. paraensis.
Pods glabrous; leaflets glabrous at least at maturity.
A. Macbridei.
Leaflets 2-4 pairs, ample A. altiscandens.
Flowers capitate.
Leaflets few or if many, 6-9 mm. long, (2) 3-4 mm. wide; plants
without prickles.
Leaflets 4-8 pairs, ample A. Klugii.
Leaflets many, small.
Midnerve of leaflets (these 12-25 pairs) lateral.
A. glomerosa.
Midnerve of leaflets (these 30-50 pairs) nearly marginal.
A. polyphylla.
Leaflets narrower, usually shorter; plants prickly except A.
boliviano,, rarely A. riparia.
76 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Corolla at most twice as long as the calyx.
Flowers sessile.
Prickles recurved, at least those toward or in the inflores-
cence.
Anthers eglandular; inflorescence tomentulose.
A. multipinnata.
Anthers in bud glandular; inflorescence puberulent.
A. paniculata.
Prickles minute, ascending or straight, few.
A. loretensis.
Flowers pedicellate A. boliviano,.
Corolla to 4 times as long as the calyx, tubular, 3-5 mm. long.
A. riparia.
Acacia altiscandens Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 72.
1922.
Vigorous shortly and sparsely aculeate liana, glabrous except for
the more or less ashy-puberulent petioles, leaf-rachi and leaflets
beneath (on the nerves) and panicles, these ample, lax, the spikes
to 3 cm. long; petiole gland conspicuous; pinnae and leaflets usually
3 pairs or the latter sometimes 4 pairs, the upper leaflets gradually
larger, all oblique at base, falcate-acuminate, 5-10 cm. long, 2-5 cm.
broad; flowers sessile, ashy-puberulent, known only in bud; pods
2.5 dm. long or longer, 4.5 cm. broad, brownish-gray with an ex-
tremely fine tomentum, stiped, chartaceous-coriaceous, transversely
veined. Stamens, according to the author, evidently numerous,
the anthers glandular, but the species unique in foliage except for
A. Klugii with the flowers in heads. F.M. Neg. 27893.
Peru (probably). Amazonian Brazil.
Acacia boliviana Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Card. 4: 348. 1907.
Unarmed shrub with stout somewhat flexuous striately angled
branches; stipules 3-5 mm. long, linear-subulate, subpersisting;
petioles eglandular; pinnae 10-20 pairs with many oblong-linear
leaflets, these 3-4 mm. long, less than 1 mm. broad, obliquely
truncate at base, acutish, glabrous except for the softly ciliate
margins, paler beneath, veinless except for the midnerve that is
little excentric; peduncles mostly in axillary racemes, like the leaf-
rachi lightly villous, the trichomes incurved or ascending; flower-
heads with the stamens 6-10 mm. thick, the flowers glabrous,
FLORA OF PERU 77
distinctly but shortly pedicellate; calyx less than 1 mm. long, the
corolla 2.5 mm. long; pods 4-6 cm. long, 1 cm. broad or slightly
broader, the stipe about 7 mm. long, and abruptly pointed, the
point 3-4 mm. long. This evidently is nearly A. filicoides (Cav.)
Trel. in which Bentham, 532, included material from Colombia to
the southeastern United States, which interpretation however was
probably too broad.
Peru (probably). Bolivia.
Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1083. 1805; 502.
Mimosa farnesiana L. Sp. PI. 521. 1753. Vachellia farnesiana (L.)
Wight & Arn. Prodr. Fl. Ind. Or. 272. 1834.
Shrub or small tree, the gray straight stipular spines 5-25 mm.
long or longer, the somewhat arcuate branchlets glabrous or puberu-
lent, lenticellate; pinnae ordinarily 2-3 pairs on the flowering branch-
lets, 4-5 pairs on the sterile; leaflets many, glabrous or nearly, mostly
4 mm. long, the midnerve prominent beneath; peduncles often
panicled in the axils to 3 cm. long, the globose heads 6 mm. thick
without the stamens, these yellow, 50 or more; calyx 1-1.5 mm.
long; pods cylindric, spongy or more woody, glabrous, often curved,
4-7 cm. long, 8-15 mm. thick. The type was a tree cultivated in
the early seventeenth century in the garden of Farnesi from which
the name. The fragrant flowers have been much used in the
manufacture of perfume, particularly in the south of France. Illus-
trated, Degener, Fl. Hawaii. 1: pi. 27.
Loreto: Rio Huallaga, Williams 4914- Rio Ucayali, Killip &
Smith 26884- Perene", Killip & Smith 25405. Near Iquitos, King
677. San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 6274- Junin: La Merced,
5409; Killip & Smith 23822. Warm America; widely distributed
elsewhere. "Aroma," "flor de aroma."
Acacia glomerosa Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1: 521.
1842; 528. Senegalia glomerosa (Benth.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer.
Fl. 23: 116. 1928.
Nearly A. polyphylla but with fewer (6-8) pairs of pinnae and the
leaflets obliquely oblong, mostly 8-12 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, the mid-
nerve strongly excentric; pods to 17 cm. long, 4 cm. wide, the valves
firm-chartaceous or scarcely coriaceous. To 14 meters (Mexia).
Flowers bright yellow (Ule); white (Klug). F.M. Neg. 1277.
Loreto: Pongo de Manseriche, Mexia 6258 (det. Standl.). Yuri-
maguas, Klug 2784. San Martin: Tarapoto, Ule 6644 (det. Harms);
78 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Spruce 4408. Juanjui, flowers cream, King 4196 (det. Standl.).
Venezuela; Brazil; Colombia and Central America. "Pashaco"
(Mexia).
Acacia huarango Ruiz ex Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 90. 1930.
Prostrate, diffuse or suberect but always low, the young branch-
lets puberulent, becoming glabrate, the stipular spines mostly 2-3
cm. long; pinnae 5-10 pairs; leaflets 1-2 mm. long; pods villous-
puberulent, oblong-cylindric, 7-10 cm. long, 10-12 mm. thick.
Perhaps better treated as a variety of A. macracantha but with fewer
pinnae and, in the same locality, different in habit. The collections
from southern Peru may be A. macracantha.
Piura: Parinas Valley, spreading shrub seldom 1 meter high,
Haught F78. La Brea, Horton 11576. Libertad: Trujillo, Seler 263.
Lima: San Lorenzo, Gaudichaud. Chosica, prostrate in mats, 250.
Huanuco: Near Huanuco, low spreading shrub, Ruiz & Pavon,
type; 1364; 2034. Chulki, Sawada P125. Cuzco: Limatambo and
Arabito, 2,750 meters, Vargas 450; 451. Valle del Apurimac,
(Herrera 1183). Nayhua, Vargas 504- "Huarango."
Acacia Klugii Standl. in herb.
Speciei A. altiscandens similis differt aculeis ut videtur nullis,
foliolis 4-8 jugis, majoribus 2-3 cm. longis, 1.5-2 cm. latis, vix
acutis, subtus glabratis etiam ad nervos; floribus 4 mm. longis,
calyce glabro, corolla adpresse puberula. According to the collector
a tree, 15 meters high; the author has not indicated a relationship.
San Martin: Juanjui, Klug 4272, type.
Acacia Kuhlmannii Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 5:
123. 1930.
High climbing, the stems abundantly armed with recurved
prickles; pinnae 12-16 pairs with many sparsely ciliolate leaflets
little more than 0.5 mm. broad, about 6 mm. long; inflorescence
rusty-puberulent, often elongate, the spikes 2.5-4 cm. long; calyx
and corolla both puberulent, the former scarcely 1 mm. the latter
scarcely 2 mm. long; anthers in bud with a rudimentary or minute
subhyaline often stipitate gland; ovary villous, shortly stiped;
pods puberulent to 12 cm. long, 2.5 cm. broad. Description of
pods from Killip & Smith 26315 and Cook & Gilbert specimens which
may not belong here. Ducke remarks that the anther-gland is not
dark-colored as in the related A. lacerans Benth., 523, and A. Huberi
FLORA OF PERU 79
Ducke, I.e., both species to be expected; both have much larger
flowers, 4 mm. long, A. Huberi being ashy-puberulent, the leaflets
puberulent beneath, while the leaflets of A. lacerans are glabrous.
A. amazonica Benth., 523, is sparsely aculeate, the narrowly linear
leaflets paler but glabrous beneath, the often glabrous flowers with
corolla nearly 4 mm. long, 3-4 times longer than the calyx. The
negative is of Tessmann 3256, tentatively proposed by Harms in
herb, as a new species. F.M. Neg. 1275.
Ayacucho: Rio Apurimac Valley, Killip & Smith 22953. Loreto:
Chachito Playa, Tessmann 3256. Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 256.
Brazil. "Pashaquilla."
Acacia loretensis Macbr., spec. nov.
Arbor; ramulis glabris vel glabratis vix striatis; aculeis paucis
minutis curvato-adscendentibus vix 0.5 mm. longis; pinnis circa
12-jugis; foliolis 30-50 jugis anguste falcato-oblongis acutiusculis,
4 (6) mm. longis, vix 1 mm. (-1) latis supra glabris, subtus adpresse
sparseque puberulis et pallidioribus, costa fere marginale; paniculis
obscure puberulis, laxis, capitulis breviter pedunculatis; calyce 1 mm.
longo dentibus obscure puberulis; corolla fere 2.5 mm. longa cinereo-
puberula. The only other species at all similar with ascending
prickles that has come to my notice is A. Lehmannii (Britton &
Killip) Macbr., comb. nov. (Senegalia Lehmannii Britton & Killip,
Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 35: 145. 1936), of Colombia, much more pubes-
cent, flowers glabrous. The Killip & Smith collection has slightly
larger leaflets, the pods 9 cm. long, nearly 2 cm. wide, membranous,
glabrous, those of the Krukoff specimen 12 cm. long, 2.5 cm. wide.
Loreto: Gamitanacocha, Rio Mazan, tree, 10 meters, flowers
white, river bank, Jose Schunke 157, type. Mishuyacu, Klug 1073.
Rio Paranapura, Klug 3956 (det. Standl., A. glomerosa). Rio Itaya,
10-meter tree, Killip & Smith 29537 (probably). Rio Acre: Mouth of
Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5419 (distr. as A. polyphylld}. "Pashaco."
Acacia Macbridei Britton & Rose, in herb.
Ut videtur A. paraensis peraffinis; pinnis ad 14- jugis; foliolis
glabris vel parcissime puberulis et ad basin barbatulatis; floribus
subpedicellatis glabris; leguminibus stipitatis (stipite rare 1 cm.
longo) glabris, ad 18 cm. longis, 3 cm. latis plus minusve venosis.
At one time I referred this to A. paraensis but in view of the differ-
ence noted it seems probable that it is distinct. Of course one can-
not be certain that the specimen in flower (Mexia 6327) is actually
80 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
the same; the stem is less angulate but the leaves including the
leaflets are identical. Like the Ducke species its relationship is
probably with A. amazonica Benth. with "narrowly linear" leaflets.
Junin: La Merced, in debris along river, 5326, type. Huanuco:
Pozuzo, open places along river, 4584. Loreto: Pongo de Man-
seriche, at water's edge, Mexia 6263 (det. Standl.) and on first island,
Mexia 6327 (det. Standl. as sp. nov. in herb.).
Acacia macracantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Sp. PL 4:
1080. 1806; 500. A. pellacantha Meyen ex Vog. Nov. Act. Acad.
Leop.-Carol. 19: Suppl. 1: 19. 1843.
Small thorny tree with mostly flat and spreading but sometimes
pointed crown; branchlets often ashy-tomentulose, rarely glabrous;
stipular spines slender becoming 2.5 to several cm. long; pinnae
10-60 pairs with 20-30 pairs of nearly minute leaflets or these
rarely more than 3 mm. long; peduncles usually 2 or 3 in the axils
to about 2 cm. long, the flower-heads with the stamens 6 or 7 mm.
thick; pods puberulent, subterete, straight or curved, 5-10 cm. long,
6-12 mm. thick. Apparently Bentham's interpretation of the
species as highly variable in indument, spines and pods is correct,
but Britton and Killip apply the name only to the form described
here. It is cultivated along watercourses near the coast. Illustrated,
Kunth, Mimoseae, pi. 28. F.M. Neg. 1278.
Tumbez: Tumbez, Weberbauer 7730. Piura: Negritos, Haught
F101. Paita, Haught 56. Cajamarca: Below Santa Cruz, (Weber-
bauer, 189). Valley of the Utcubamba, (Weberbauer, 191). Lam-
bayeque: (Raimondi). Libertad: Pacasmayo, Rose & Rose 18525.
Chepen, Goodspeed 10011. Trujillo, Killip & Smith 21 51 9. Ancash :
Tambo de Pariocota, 2548. Huanuco: Conchamarca, Woytkowski
134. Lima: Matucana, 554. Callao, Nee; Sargent; Wilkes Exped.
Chosica, 498. San Geronimo, 5902. Arequipa: (Weberbauer, 130).
Ayacucho: Huanta, Killip & Smith 23338. Tacna: Meyen (type,
A. pellacantha}. Ecuador. "Taque," "espino."
Acacia multipinnata Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 4:
31. 1925. Senegalia tomentella Britton & Killip, Ann. N. Y. Acad.
Sci. 35: 145. 1936.
Similar to A. paniculata but the anthers without a gland; rachis
of the leaves and peduncles yellowish-puberulent-tomentulose, the
white flowers nearly glabrous; pods not readily dehiscing, about 13
cm. long, 2-2.5 cm. broad, shortly stiped, rigid chartaceous, not
FLORA OF PERU 81
pilose but densely dark punctate. The type of S. tomentella is Klug
1651 from the Rio Putumayo at the Colombia-Peru boundary; the
flowers are puberulent, not glabrous as described, the anthers
eglandular. I am not convinced that the character is significant
here; apparently the glands may be translucent or poorly developed.
Certainly there is no concomitance in number of pinnae as Ducke
has thought, because in type of A. paniculata these are more than
30 pairs.
Loreto: Yurimaguas, Tessmann 5511 (det. Harms, A. paniculata,
but anthers eglandular). Rio Acre: At the Rio Abunam, (Kuhl-
manri). Brazil.
Acacia paniculata Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1074. 1806. Senegalia
paniculata (Willd.) Killip, Trop. Woods 63: 6. 1940.
Scandent with straight or mostly recurved and often numerous
prickles, the branchlets, petioles and panicles more or less puberulent;
petioles with depressed gland near base, 10-15 cm. long, the 10-32
pairs of pinnae ordinarily 2.5-4 (5) cm. long; leaflets 20-60 pairs,
2-3 mm. long, linear-oblong, acute, the midnerve submarginal;
peduncles fascicled, about 1 cm. long, borne in axillary and terminal
inflorescences; calyces 1.5 mm. long, the corollas about one-third
larger; pods to 2.5 dm. long, to 3.5 cm. wide, evanescently puberulent,
coriaceous. The more or less promptly deciduous gland on the
anthers in bud typically is dark-colored, often visible in early
an thesis on some anthers. Cf. my 5544 under A. Weberbaueri.
Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi 102. F.M. Neg. 1282.
San Martin: Tarapoto, (Ule 6623; Spruce 4480). Loreto: Forta-
leza, Klug 2802 (det. Standl., A. polyphylla}. Rancho Indiana,
Mexia 6432 (det. Standl.). Caballo-Cocha, Williams 2097 (det.
Standl., A. polyphylla). Rio Nanay, Williams 298 (probably, but
sterile). Bolivia; Brazil to West Indies. "Pasha quilla" (Mexia).
Acacia paraensis Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 73. 1922.
Scandent, the branchlets rather sparsely recurved aculeate and
minutely, as the leaf-rachi and peduncles, puberulent or glabrate;
stipules narrowly subulate, somewhat persisting ;petiolar gland large;
pinnae 4-9 pairs with 15-32 pairs of falcate-oblong acute leaflets,
8-13 mm. long, 1.5-3 mm. broad, opaque, paler and more or less
puberulent beneath, the midnerve somewhat excentric; flowers
sessile, glabrous, the calyx about 2 mm. long, the white corolla 4.5
mm. long; anthers glandular; ovary villous, stipitate; pods charta-
82 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
ceous, plane, 12-15 cm. long, 2.5-3.5 cm. broad, densely puberulent,
on stipes 1.5 cm. long. Apparently nearly A. velutina Benth.
except that the more southern species has puberulent, slightly shorter
flowers. According to Ducke the relationship is probably with
A. amazonica Benth. with striate stipules, more numerous pinnae
and corolla 3-4 times longer than the calyx. Other relatives include
A. alemquerensis Huber, Bol. Mus. Goeldi 5: 380. 1909, with obtuse
or retuse leaflets, 5-6 mm. broad, and A. articulata Ducke, I.e., the
leaflets puberulent both sides, the shortly stiped pods coriaceous,
8-12 cm. long or longer to 2 cm. broad, breaking into 8-12 indehiscent
segments. F.M. Neg. 27902.
Peru (probably). Brazil.
Acacia polyphylla DC. Prodr. 2: 469. 1825; 528. Senegalia
polyphylla (DC.) Britton & Rose, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 35: 142.
1936.
Tree, the younger parts puberulent or glabrate; petioles 10-14
cm. long with medial scutellate gland and glands between the pinnae,
these in 12-20 pairs; leaflets 30-50 pairs, narrowly falcate-oblong,
plane or a little convex above, acutish, to 6 mm. long, 2-4 mm.
wide, the midnerve submarginal; panicles ample, much-branched;
peduncles 4-6 mm. long, fasciculate; heads 6 mm. thick without the
stamens; calyces and especially the corolla ashy-puberulent; pods
stiped, subcoriaceous, 12-14 cm. long, 3 cm. wide. Doubtfully in
Peru, the following collections probably incorrectly determined.
F.M. Neg. 33452.
Rio Acre: (Ule 9437). Iquitos, (Tessmann 5125, det. Harms).
To Venezuela and Colombia. "Pashaco."
Acacia riparia HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 276. 1824; 528. A.
tubulifera Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1: 520. 1842; 527.
Senegalia riparia (HBK.) Britton & Rose, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.
35: 144. 1936.
Typically glabrous or nearly except the puberulent panicles,
scandent, the prickles few, stout, recurved, sometimes a few on the
petiole and rachis, the former with 1 large gland, the latter with at
least 2 smaller ones; pinnae usually fewer than 12 pairs with many
linear leaflets, these 4-6 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. wide, obtuse, concolor,
glabrous or obscurely ciliolate, oblique at base, the midnerve only
slightly excentric; peduncles 6-12 mm. long, solitary or geminate or
the upper in racemose fascicles; calyx puberulent, 1 mm. long, the
FLORA OF PERU 83
corolla about 4 times as long, glabrous except the tip; pods stipitate,
1-2 dm. long, 1.5 cm. wide, membranous, venose, puberulent, the
8-10 seeds subrotund-elliptic, lustrous. Most of the material in
herbaria must belong to some other species, probably to one of those
listed as synonyms by Bentham; M. retusa Jacq., based on a fruiting
specimen from Colombia, does not seem to have been considered by
Britton and Killip.
Cajamarca: Jan, Weberbauer 6190 (det. Harms). Confluence
of the rivers Amazon and Chamay, Prov. Jae*n, (Bonpland, type).
San Martin: Zepelacio, 1,200 meters, liana with cream-colored
flowers, Klug 3611 (det. Standl., A. polyphylla) . Junin: Puerto
Yessup, Killip & Smith 26343. Locality not known, (Mathews
1568, type, A. tubulifera). Colombia?
Acacia Weberbaueri Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 16: 351. 1920.
Branchlets subangled, the younger softly puberulent, glabrous
in age, with a few small prickles or these sometimes lacking; leaf-
rachis puberulent, 6-13 cm. long, the pinnae 10-22 pairs; leaflets
numerous, oblong-linear, obtuse or scarcely acutish, 3-4.5 mm.
long, sparsely ciliate-puberulent or glabrate, the midnerve strongly
excentric; peduncles axillary, fascicled or the terminal racemose, the
inflorescence exceeded by the leaves, the rachi velutinous-puberulent;
calyx and corolla puberulent, the former 2.5, the latter 3-3.5 mm.
long. Type from tree 6 meters high, among other small trees and
shrubs. My collection was given a herbarium name by Britton &
Rose; its pods suggest those of A. paniculata but it is a tree and the
leaves match those of A. Weberbaueri; the pods are glabrous, rounded
at tip (not apiculate), 12 cm. long, nearly 4 cm. wide. F.M. Neg.
1290.
Cajamarca: Between Jae"n and Bellavista, 600 meters, Weber-
bauer 6209, type. Junin: La Merced, small, branched riverside
tree, 5544 (in fruit).
9. MIMOSA L.
Reference: Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 388-441. 1875.
Herbs or shrubs, sometimes scandent, or trees, unarmed or usually
aculeate. Leaves bipinnate but sometimes apparently digitate, the
pinnae so approximate, often sensitive, rarely none, ordinarily
eglandular. Flowers small, sessile, 4-5 (3-6) -merous in globose heads
or cylindrical spikes, the calyx minute, even obsolete, the petals
valvate, more or less connate, the stamens only as many or twice
84 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
as many as the corolla lobes, mostly long exserted, their anthers
eglandular, free or, exceptionally, shortly united. Ovary sessile
or rarely stiped, 2-many ovules. Pods oblong or linear, commonly
piano-compressed, smooth or aculeate, continuous or subseptate
within, the portion within the thickened margins finally breaking
into 1-seeded joints. In a few species there are neuter flowers with
dilated staminodia.
Flowers in elongate spikes.
Pubescence inconspicuous; petioles with a gland.
Leaflets many, small, usually glandular beneath; stamens and
petals same number.
Leaflets 16-30 pairs M. myriadena.
Leaflets 6-10 pairs M. punctulata.
Leaflets few, several cm. long, eglandular; stamens twice as
many as petals M. Tessmannii.
Pubescence conspicuous; petioles eglandular; stamens twice as
many as petals M. caduca.
Flowers capitate-globose, at least minutely, or short-spicate.
Pinnae 1 pair; stamens and petals same number.
Leaflets many pairs.
Leaflets minute, crowded, glabrate except for the setulose
margins M. pectinata.
Leaflets several mm. long, pubescent or glabrous.
Upper stems densely pubescent with spreading plumose or
papillose trichomes M. boliviano,.
Upper stems glabrous or the trichomes smooth.
Stems prickly, sometimes also with stipular spines, the
prickles recurved.
Stems strigose; pods 2 cm. long M. insidiosa.
Stems glabrous or nearly; pods 3-4 cm. long.
M. cuzcoana.
Stems little if at all prickly, but with geminate straight
or nearly straight infrafoliar spines and pilose.
M. polycarpa.
Leaflets 2 pairs.
Leaflets acute, sometimes bluntly, villous at least beneath;
pod-margins densely, -faces sparsely (if at all) setose.
M. sensitiva.
FLORA OF PERU 85
Leaflets acutish, often glabrous 1 side, or puberulent; pods
strigillose, the trichomes short on margins and valves.
M. albida.
Pinnae 2-many pairs, at least many leaves; stamens twice as
many as petals except M . pudica, and M. polydactyla.
Leaflets all longer than 1 cm., 1-7 pairs; petiole with a gland.
Leaflets 1 pair M. extensissima.
Leaflets 2-several pairs.
Leaflets puberulent or glabrate unless in or near axils.
Pinnae 2-3 pairs M. micracantha.
Pinnae mostly 4-6 pairs M. rufescens.
Leaflets pilose beneath on nerves, not punctate.
M. xinguensis.
Leaflets rarely 1 cm. long, 4-many pairs; petioles with or with-
out a gland.
Pinnae distant, the petiole short, the rachis long; stamens
twice as many as the petals.
Plants not conspicuously hispid; corolla never densely
striate.
Spines straight, becoming stout; petiolar or leaf -rachis
gland more or less obvious.
Spines internodal; pods smooth M. montana.
Spines infrastipular; pods prickly M. revoluta.
Spines at least somewhat curved, slender and small or
broadened at base; glands obscure or obsolete.
Pods to 1 cm. wide,spinose; leaf -rachis ashy-puberulent.
Flowers glabrous as also the leaflets above.
M. Weberbaueri.
Flowers puberulent as the leaflets both sides.
M. dichoneuta.
Pods 1.5-2 cm. wide, sparsely and minutely prickly;
leaf-rachis usually sparsely puberulent or glabrate.
M. acantholoba.
Plants conspicuously hispid or prickly and then usually
also pilose on the corollas, firm and obviously striate.
Corolla membranous, not striate.
Pubescence setulose, the prickles few M. pigra.
86 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Pubescence pilose or wanting, the prickles many.
M. invisa.
Corolla firm, multistriate M. somnians.
Pinnae digitately crowded, the petiole elongate; stamens and
petals same number.
Pinnae mostly 2 pairs M. pudica.
Pinnae mostly 4-5 pairs M. polydactyla.
Mimosa acantholoba (Humb. & Bonpl.) Poir. in Lam. Encycl.
Suppl. 1: 83. 1810; 426. Acacia acantholoba Humb. & Bonpl. ex
Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1089. 1806.
More or less prickly shrub 1-4 meters high, obscurely puberulent;
pinnae 4-10 pairs; leaflets 5-30 pairs, oblong or oblong-linear, 3-6
mm. long; peduncles slender, geminate or fascicled, 1.5-3 cm. long,
borne in upper axils and racemosely at the tips of the often elongating
branchlets; flower-heads with the stamens, 12-15 mm. thick; pods
stiped, membranous, puberulent or glabrous, acutely narrowed at
both ends, the margins finely aculeate, the valves undivided.
Tumbez: Near Hacienda Chicana, deciduous bush-wood, Weber-
bauer 7666. Cerro Viento, Haught 73. Locality unknown, Weber-
bauer 5965; 6008. "Serrilla," "una de gato." Ecuador.
Mimosa albida Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1030.
1806; 390. M. floribunda Willd. I.e. 1031.
Trailing or sprawling or if shrubby the branches elongating, more
or less armed with scattered recurved prickles and puberulent at
least toward the tips; leaflets 2 pairs (the lower inner one somewhat
reduced), obliquely oblong, obtuse or acutish, typically appressed
strigillose both sides, the trichomes white, fine, short, often more
numerous and mixed with coarser ones beneath; upper peduncles
borne in a long often leafless terminal raceme; corolla in type glabrous
except at tip; pods pubescent with appressed or incurved rigid tri-
chomes often intermixed with a finer puberulence. Flowers mostly
bright or deep red. As shown by Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 33:
(Contr. Gray Herb. 13:) 310. 1898, the species is polymorphous but
it seems distinct at least over most of its range from the more south-
eastern M. sensitiva. The many variants of M. albida, of little
interest, include var. floribunda (Willd.) Robins., I.e. 311, leaflets
glabrous above, appressed setulose beneath, the corolla puberulent;
var. strigosa (Willd.) Robins., leaflets coarsely strigose both sides;
var. erratica Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 91. 1930, leaflets glabrous
FLORA OF PERU 87
or with a few scattered setae beneath. The last suggests the Central
American var. glabrior Robins, with, however, glabrous flowers. It
may be remarked that if M. floribunda is treated as a species it must
be called M. Willdenowii Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 1: 50. 1810,
not M. floribunda Vent.; academic perfectionists have written the
name Willdenovii. F.M. Negs. 1295; 1323 (M. floribunda}.
Piura: Cerro Viento, Haught 98 (var. floribunda). Libertad:
Trujillo, Killip & Smith 21518. Moche, Bonpland, type. Ancash:
Pampa Romas, Weberbauer 3177. Above Samanco, 200 meters,
Weberbauer, 163. Tambo de Pariocota, 2552 (var. erratica). Lima:
Chosica, river bottom, 2858 (var. erratica). Arequipa: East of
Chala, sandy soil, Worth & Morrison 15622 (det. Johnst., M. flori-
bunda). Cuzco: Gay. Puno: Near Paraiso, (Raimondi). To Vene-
zuela and Panama.
Mimosa boliviana Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 396. 1875.
Shrub, the elongate branchlets densely rusty-pubescent with
short mostly or usually minutely plumose trichomes and conspic-
uously armed with broad-based recurving mostly infrastipular spines,
a few of these, reduced, often also on the petioles and rachi of the
2 pinnae; leaflets 20-30 pairs, oblong, mostly about 1 cm. long,
3 mm. broad, obliquely truncate at base, acutish, lustrous above,
subappressed-pilose-hispid beneath, usually darkening and the
margins recurving in drying; peduncles axillary, geminate, slender,
pubescent like the stems, sometimes 5 cm. long, the globose heads
about 12 mm. thick; calyx long ciliate-fimbriate, the twice as long
pink corolla with 4 puberulent lobes. Ornamental shrub 2-3 meters
high, the corolla and stamens pink (Vargas).
The identity of the Weberbauer specimen is open to question;
Harms at one time referred it (as a "variety") to M. acerba Benth.
of southeastern Brazil, and this name was used by Weberbauer.
Later he wrote on the sheet "potius M. boliviana." Having only a
scrap before me at this writing I cannot express a definite opinion
but it seems probable that it is a variety of the latter species, or
new. The trichomes are merely papillose but they are not smooth
as in M. acerba. F.M. Neg. 32034.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Weberbauer 1+275(1)', 190 (cf. note
above). Cuzco: Marcapata, Vargas 1346. Bolivia.
Mimosa caduca (Humb. & Bonpl.) Poir. in Lam. Encycl.
Suppl. 1: 83. 1810; 414. Acacia caduca Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.
Sp. PI. 4: 1089. 1806.
88 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Tree, the sparsely aculeate younger branchlets and leaflets
beneath softly villous or tomentose; pinnae 4-6 pairs with 5-10
pairs of obovate oblong leaflets, 6-8 mm. long, lustrous and scarcely
puberulent above; leaf-rachis unarmed, eglandular; peduncles
axillary, geminate, 1.5-2 cm. long, hirsutulous, the dense flower-
heads elliptic; flowers pubescent, the corolla twice as long as the
calyx, the stamens 8 or 10; pods plane, rusty-tomentose, the margins
aculeate, the valves articulating, to about 7 cm. long, 8 mm. broad.
Piura: On the River Cachiyacu, near Gualtaquillo, Bonpland,
type.
Mimosa cuzcoana Macbr., spec. nov.
M. insidiosae ut videtur peraffinis; subscandens vel diffusa;
ramulis glabris vel glabratis; aculeis sparsis recurvis, infrastipularibus
nullis; pinnarum rachi aculeis recurvis instructa; foliolis 10-17 mm.
longis, 3-5 cm. latis, glabris vel subtus (rare utrinque) plus minusve
adpresse pilosis; floribus glabris; leguminis oblongis glabris 3-4 cm.
longis, 7 mm. latis, margine dense aculeatis. Description of fruits
from Cook & Gilbert specimen. A puzzling form that could be
referred either to M. insidiosa or M. poly car pa; the specimen by
Soukup with leaflets pubescent beneath approaches the former.
There is considerable resemblance to M. Sagotiana Benth. in leaflets
but that species of the Guianas has pods 10-12 mm. broad and the
related M. schrankioides Benth., 1-nerved leaflets.
Cuzco: Santa Ana, Herrera 908 (det. Harms, M. insidiosa,
affine). Pampaccahua, Prov. Convention, Vargas 518, type. Near
Marcapata, 2,300 meters, Vargas 9691 . Tapanmarce, Soukup 81 7(1}.
San Miguel, Urubamba Valley, Cook & Gilbert 11? '4 (det. Killip,
M. Sagotiana, affine).
Mimosa dichoneuta Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 90. 1930.
Closely branched, a meter or two high, the slender younger
branchlets more or less ashy-puberulent and rather densely armed
with mostly recurved prickles, these also present on the puberulent
leaf-rachi; pinnae 4-6 pairs, about 2 cm. long, with mostly 12 pairs
of obliquely oblong obtuse or acutish leaflets, 4-5 mm. long, 1-1.5
mm. broad, puberulent both sides; peduncles 1 cm. long; flowers
white, about 2 mm. long, puberulent; pods shortly stiped, straight
or nearly, the margins densely armed with curved prickles, the valves
ashy-puberulent, disarticulating, 4-7 cm. long, 8-10 mm. broad.
Ancash: Huaraz, gravelly river bluffs, 2523, type.
FLORA OF PERU 89
Mimosa extensissima Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3:
75. 1922.
Liana, often high climbing, the angles of the elongating puberulent
branches usually densely armed with small recurved prickles;
petiolar gland oblong; pinnae 1-3 pairs with 1 pair of falcate-ovate
acuminate leaflets, mostly 5-10 cm. long, half as broad, lustrous
above, somewhat reddish-puberulent beneath, and the 4 nerves also
slightly pilose or glabrate; panicles ashy-puberulent, often several
dm. long, open, the flower-heads with the stamens about 4 mm. thick,
numerous; flowers 4-merous, the corollas about 1 mm. long, the fila-
ments basally connate into a tube nearly as long as the ovary stipe.
M. Duckei Huber, Bol. Mus. Goeldi 5: 381. 1909(7), has very obtuse
or rounded leaflets densely red punctate-puberulent beneath, the
panicles reddish-puberulent. This volume was issued in two fascicles,
1907-1908, but bibliographers give the date at foot of title page.
The related M. colombiana Britton & Killip (M. bauhiniaefolia Karst.)
of Colombia is glabrous. According to Ducke his species is a con-
stituent of the impenetrable "cipoal," that is, a dense vegetation of
lianas. F.M. Neg. 28207.
Loreto: Near Yurimaguas, Klug 2793 (det. Killip). Brazil.
Mimosa insidiosa Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. 134. 1837; 395. M.
retrorsa Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 364. 1842.
Divaricately branched shrub, the petioles and branchlets aculeate
and harshly retrorse-strigose; stipules lanceolate, rigid, striate, 6-8
mm. long; petiole to 3 cm. long with 1 pair of pinnae 2-3 times
longer; leaflets 12-20 pairs, oblong-linear, glabrous except the ciliate
margins, 8-12 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, obscurely binerved; peduncles
to 2 cm. long or to 2.5 cm. in fruit, racemose to the ends of the
branchlets, the globose heads without stamens, nearly 8 mm. thick;
stamens 4, three times longer than the 4 petals, these minutely
ashy-puberulent; pods 16-18 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, aculeately
setose on margins, the surfaces of the 3-4 segments sparsely setulose.
Bentham named a var. major Benth., the leaflets 12-18 mm. long.
Apparently a form of this species has been found as near Peru as
La Paz. Cf. M. polycarpa, M. cuzcoana.
Peru (probably). Bolivia to Argentina; Brazil.
Mimosa invisa Mart. Flora 20: Beibl. 2: 121. 1837; 436.
Scandent shrub, usually densely armed with recurved prickles
and more or less pilose-hirsute; stipules setaceous; pinnae 5-6 pairs
90 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
with about 20 pairs of oblong leaflets often pilose beneath; peduncles
rarely 1 cm. long, corollas about 2 mm. long, the calyx minute;
pods 1.5-2.5 cm. long, 5-6 mm. broad, the margins aculeate, the
bristly valves with 4-5 joints. The spine usually between the pinnae
of M. pigra is here replaced by a bristle. Illustrated, Mart. Fl.
Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi. 97.
Peru (probably). Bolivia to Paraguay and the West Indies and
Mexico.
Mimosa micracantha Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2: 131.
1840; 418.
Scandent, glabrous or somewhat puberulent, armed with minute
recurved prickles; petiole to 3 dm. long or longer with a gland near
base, often also between the ultimate pairs of pinnae and leaflets,
the former 2-3, the latter in 1 or 2 pairs, obliquely obovate, obtuse,
lustrous above, reddish punctate beneath (sometimes more or less
pilose in axils), very unequal in size, the terminal often 7 cm. long,
5 cm. wide, the lower much smaller; heads globose, small (3 mm.
thick), borne in ample leafless panicles; corolla tubular-campanulate;
pods 5 cm. long, 18 mm. broad, plane, glabrous, smooth, with many
submembranous segments. Pods of Killip & Smith 27222 are
3 cm. wide, 6 cm. long. Similar Amazonian species to be expected
include M. Spruceana Benth. and M. annularis Spruce; the first
has 3-6 pairs of pinnae and as many pairs of leaflets, softly villous
beneath, while M. annularis has about 3 pairs of pinnae, 4-6 pairs
of obliquely rhombic leaflets that are sparsely pubescent beneath.
Loreto: Iquitos, Killip & Smith 27222. Rio Acre: Ule 9435
(det. Harms). Brazil.
Mimosa montana Kunth, Mimoseae 31. pi. 10. 1820; 427.
M. brevifolia Humb. & Bonpl. ex Spreng. Syst. 2: 205. 1825.
Shrubs, glabrous except for an obscure and evanescent puberu-
lence on the younger parts, the slender branchlets conspicuously
spinose with straight prickles mostly solitary between the leaf
nodes; pinnae 2-3 pairs with 4-6 pairs of oblong obtuse leaflets
about 3 mm. long; peduncles axillary, often solitary, slender, 1 cm.
long; calyx glabrous unless at tip, 1 mm. long, the glabrous corolla
2.5 mm. long; pods subsessile, glabrous, sometimes 4.5 cm. long,
6 mm. broad, breaking into 6-8 segments. A meter or so high.
M. andina Benth. and M. quitensis Benth., 427, both of Ecuador,
are similar but the former has 8-10 pairs of leaflets, 6 mm. long,
FLORA OF PERU 91
corolla 3 times longer than calyx, pods 8-10 mm. broad; the latter
12-20 pairs of leaflets, nearly minute or scarcely 2 mm. long. M.
bimucronata (DC.) Kuntze, 423, of southern Brazil, with eglandular
petioles, ample panicles, having long been introduced in southern
South America and Asia for hedges, may be found in cultivation
in Peru. F.M. Neg. 1320.
Piura: Prov. Huancabamba, Weberbauer 6067 (det. Harms).
Cajamarca: Near Cajamarca, Bonpland, type. Ecuador.
Mimosa myriadena Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 408. 1875.
Entada myriadena Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2: 133. 1840. Acacia
paniculaeflora Hochst. Flora 760. 1843.
Scandent, lightly puberulent, the prickles minute, recurved, the
petiolar gland scutellate, the leaves with 8-12 pairs of pinnae, the
flowers in cylindric, amply panicled spikes; petioles 7 cm. long or
longer, the pinnae about 3 cm. long; leaflets 20-30 pairs, obliquely
oblong, obtusish, usually mucronulate, minutely strigillose and
punctate-glandular beneath, 3-8 mm. long; corolla to 2 mm. long,
petals and stamens each 5, the former separated nearly to base;
pods to 7 cm. long, 8-10 mm. broad, shortly stiped, plane, breaking
into 8-15 segments, gland-dotted. The Peruvian plant, at least
as to Schunke 68, lacks the glandular punctae on the leaflets beneath,
and has many pinnae; otherwise, at least in absence of fruit, it seems
to be indistinguishable and may become var. egena Macbr., var.
nov. pinnis circa 22-jugis foliolis haud glanduliferis. F.M. Neg. 21882.
Loreto: Mouth of Rio Santiago, Tessmann 44-24 (det. Harms).
Mishuyacu, Klug 775. Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 68 (type, var.).
To Colombia(?) and the Guianas. "Pashaquilla."
Mimosa pectinata Kunth, Mimoseae 5. pi. 2. 1820; 396.
Younger branchlets appressed strigose and sparsely aculeate,
the spines straight; leaves subsessile, the 2 pinnae rarely 2 cm. long,
the 20-25 pairs of linear coriaceous leaflets 3^4 mm. long, so crowded
that they appear imbricate; peduncles axillary, 5-10 mm. long,
densely strigose-villous; calyx much divided into silvery setae,
half as long as the appressed puberulent corolla, this with 4 lobes;
pods appressed strigose, the margins appressed setulose, about 1.5 cm.
long, 4 mm. broad, separating into 3 or 4 articulations.
Piura: On the Rio Huancabamba, near Gualtaquillo, Bonpland,
type. Cajamarca: Valley of the Huancabamba, 800 meters, Weber-
bauer 7114; 7117. Locality not known, Weberbauer 6171. Ecuador?
92 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Mimosa pigra L. Amoen. Acad. 4: 273. 1755; 437. M. asperata
L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10: 1312. 1759.
Harshly pubescent shrub, the long branches armed with scattered
recurved prickles, these often extending to the long leaf-rachi which
bear 8-15 pairs of divaricate pinnae; leaflets many, sometimes 40
pairs, oblong-linear, 4-6 mm. long, usually slightly appressed hispid
only beneath, the margins ciliate; peduncles solitary or geminate,
1-3 cm. long; flowers 4-merous, pink-lilac, the calyx about 2 mm.
long, ciliate, the corolla twice as long, hispidulous at tip; pods
generally several in each head, 3-6 cm. long or longer, about 1 cm.
wide, apiculate, inordinately setose, finally breaking into many
short joints. The leaflets are sensitive to touch and collapse or
droop. Illustrated, Kunth, Mimoseae, pi. 9.
Loreto: Yurimaguas, Williams 4990; 5090. Rio Nanay, Williams
601. Near Iquitos, King 934. Pebas, Williams 1992. Near mouth
of Rio Tigre, Killip & Smith 27517. Rancho Indiana, Mexia 6427.
Warm America and Africa. "Pingahuisacha."
Mimosa polycarpa Kunth, Mimoseae 8. pi. 3. 1820; 396.
A shrub with terete striate pilose aculeate branchlets, the spines
geminate below the base of the petioles, conical, subulate, straight,
to 6 mm. long; stipules hispid, acuminate, 6 mm. long; petioles to
16 mm. long, hispidulous; leaflets 20-22 pairs, oblong-linear, acute,
to 10 mm. long, about 2 mm. broad, glabrous above, appressed-
pilose beneath and on the margins; peduncles axillary, to 1 cm. long
in fruit; flowers 4-merous, glabrous, the calyx minute; pods oblong,
16-18 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, pilose-hispid, the margins densely
setose-spinose, with 3-4 segments. Description after Kunth. In
the type the prickles are at first slightly curved. This is the earliest
name for a group of extremely closely related forms included by
Bentham in series Castae and Pectinatae; much herbarium material
from south and east of Peru referred here, probably because of the
stipular spines, apparently should be included rather in M. insidiosa
or related species, the spines being curved, often solitary, although
the latter species as to type seems to have only scattered prickles.
F.M. Neg. 1359.
Cajamarca: Near Cajamarca, Bonpland, type. Chota, Raimondi.
Cayacati, Raimondi. Junin: Montanas de Huancayo, (Raimondi).
To Colombia.
Mimosa polydactyla Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Sp. PI. 4:
1033. 1806; 397.
FLORA OF PERU 93
Similar to M. pudica but the pinnae 4-5 (rarely 3) pairs, the
leaflets often twice as many and usually somewhat smaller, the pods
so numerous that they form a globose head, their margins densely
echinate with yellowish bristles. Stems often densely long-hirsute.
Illustrated, Kunth, Mimoseae, pi. 5. F.M. Neg. 1358.
Loreto: Iquitos, Killip & Smith 26892; Klug 145. Caballo-
Cocha, Williams 2066. Brazil to Colombia and the Guianas.
Mimosa pudica L. Sp. PL 518. 1753; 397. M. hispidula HBK.
Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 252. 1824.
Low laxly growing more or less ligneous lightly pubescent or
glabrate herb (or often shrubby), armed mostly below the stipules
with a few incurved prickles; pinnae 2.5-5 cm. long, mostly 2 pairs
(or rarely 1) borne almost together near the tip of the slender petiole,
this about as long, the numerous oblong-linear ciliolate leaflets 6-10
mm. long; peduncles axillary or sometimes racemosely terminal,
solitary or 2-3, about as long as the petioles; heads ellipsoid, 1 cm.
long, the 4 petals and 4 stamens pinkish or violet; pods few to many,
oblong, usually about 15 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, glabrous except
the setose margins, the segments 3-4 (2-5).
Sensitive to irritation; the collapse of the leaflets is said to be
caused by a sudden change in the position of water from the cells of
the pulvinus to adjacent air-spaces, the cells regaining their turgidity
as the water is slowly reabsorbed, the leaves again stiffening. Often
seen in greenhouses as a "sensitive plant." Varying from forma
hispidior Benth. to forma glabrior Benth. The related M. polydactyla
HBK. is more robust, the apparently digitate leaves with 3, usually
4-5 pairs of pinnae, the pods marginally more densely echinate and
often so numerous as to form globose heads. Sometimes 1 meter
high. Illustrated, Degener, Fl. Hawaii.
Loreto: Iquitos, Klug 768; Killip & Smith 26891. Yurimaguas,
Williams 4032; 7850. Rio Nanay, Williams 453. Cuzco: Paucar-
tambo, H err era 3. Warm America; introduced into tropical Asia
and Africa.
Mimosa punctulata Spruce ex Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30:
408. 1875.
Closely related to M. myriadena and similar in most respects but
the branchlets typically remotely or finely prickly, the leaves with
only 3-6 pairs of pinnae, each with 6-10 pairs of obliquely obovate
or rounded leaflets, glabrous except for some minute scattered
94 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
glands beneath, mostly 12-18 mm. long, about 7 mm. broad, broadly
rounded at the tip, truncate at base. Killip & Smith 29383 is densely
prickly. F.M. Neg. 1362.
Loreto: Rancho Indiana, Mexia 6433 (det. Standl., Entada poly-
phyttd). Florida, King 2006; 2356. Mishuyacu, Klug 881. Rio
Itaya, Killip & Smith 29383. Brazil. "Pashaquilla."
Mimosa revoluta (Kunth) Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4:
409. 1842; 425. Acacia revoluta Kunth, Mimoseae 84. pi 26. 1820.
M. gonoclada Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 427. 1875. M. soratensis
Benth. l.c.(?)
Glabrous or glabrate, the stout somewhat angled branches and
branchlets conspicuously armed with broad-based straight, mostly
stipular and often geminate spines; petioles, or at least the leaf-
rachis between the lowest of the 2-6 pairs of pinnae, with a depressed
orbicular or scutellate gland; leaflets lustrous or early puberulent,
4-10 (15) pairs, oblong, obtuse or acutish, ordinarily 7 mm. long,
2 mm. broad, the midnerve submarginal; peduncles soon axillary
and becoming 2-4 cm. long, flowers typically in globose heads,
5-merous, glabrous or the calyx a little ciliate, the corolla about
3 mm. long; pods sessile, curved or circinate, typically densely
spinose, 4 cm. long or longer, nearly 1 cm. broad. The glands
appear to develop in varying degree. M. soratensis seems to be a
variety, the pods 3 cm. long, 7 mm. broad, aculeate only on the
margins. My collections are aberrant, the flowers in short spikes.
F.M. Neg. 28209.
Cajamarca: Near Cajamarca, Bonpland, type. Junin: Cabello,
1328. Ancash: Chacchan, 2536. Libertad: Prov. of Huamachuco,
Weberbauer 7005 (det. Harms, M. soratensis affine). Cuzco: Ollan-
taytambo, Weberbauer 5078 (det. Harms) ; 175. Valle del Urubamba,
2,200 meters, Herrera 3248; 3226; 2095. Valle de San Miguel,
Herrera 1983. Machu-picchu, Vargas 525. Bolivia. "Huasango,"
"michi-ccallo," "algorobo."
Mimosa rufescens Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: 362. 1876.
Like M. micracantha but reddish puberulent to nearly glabrous,
remotely and minutely aculeate, and, especially, the pinnae mostly
4-6 pairs, the leaflets 3-7 pairs, the larger to 2.5 cm. broad, little
longer, glabrous or a little pilose in the axils of the veins, the punctae
beneath minute; pods 1 dm. long or longer, 12 mm. wide. F.M.
Negs. 28229; 21881 (as micracantha).
FLORA OF PERU 95
Loreto: Iquitos, Tessmann 5033 (det. Harms); King 731; 820
(both det. Killip); Kuhlmann 17560 (det. Ducke). Brazil; Bolivia.
"Pashacillol."
Mimosa sensitiva L. Sp. PI. 518. 1753; 390.
Sprawling, or more or less scandent, much branched, the branch-
lets in greater or less degree hirsutulous or puberulent and usually
lineately armed with small prickles; stipules lanceolate, rigid, pecti-
nate-ciliate, often 4 mm. long; petioles 2.5-5 cm. long, often densely
aculeate, the rachis scarcely more than 1 cm. long, pilose or villous;
leaflets 2 pairs, obliquely ovate-lanceolate, acute, the larger
usually 3.5-5 cm. long, 2-3 cm. broad, 3-4-nerved, the margin
appressed-spinulose-ciliate, appressed-villous both sides or glabrous
above; peduncles to 2.5 cm. long, often geminate, the terminal
racemose; flowers 4-merous, the calyx fimbriate-setulose at the
throat; pods about 2 cm. long, 6 mm. broad, acuminate, abundantly
setose, especially at the margins. Description after Bentham, who
remarks that the interpretation of the species could readily include
M. albida Humb. & Bonpl. and M. Velloziana Mart, the latter gla-
brous, even the branchlets, except sometimes for a few strigose
trichomes on the leaflets beneath. All of these forms contract their
leaves when touched.
Cajamarca: Cascas, (Raimondi, det. Harms). Brazil. "Tapate,"
"cirrateputa."
Mimosa somnians Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1036.
1806; 434.
Semiherbaceous, the elongate branchlets more or less glandular
villous, sometimes glabrate, usually sparsely aculeate; petioles
slender; pinnae 2-8 pairs with 12-30 pairs of linear-oblong glabrous
leaflets 2-4 mm. long; upper peduncles racemose, to several cm.
long; flowers pink, 4-merous, the corolla conspicuously striate; pods
4-7 cm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, glandular or glabrous, more or less
stiped, the segments 5-8. Illustrated, Kunth, Mimoseae, pi. 7.
Peru (probably). Bolivia and Paraguay to Venezuela; Colombia;
Panama.
Mimosa Tessmannii Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9:
967. 1926.
Scandent, the somewhat velvety-puberulent and angled upper
branchlets abundantly armed with stout recurved prickles that
96 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
extend also to the petioles and puberulent leaf-rachi which are sub-
globosely glandular between the 2-3 pairs of pinnae; leaflets 2-4
pairs, shortly petiolulate, obliquely obovate, often more or less
rhombic, obtuse or rounded at apex, mucronulate, very minutely
puberulent both sides, 3-5 cm. long, 2-4 cm. broad; peduncles 1 cm.
long, the densely flowered spikes to 4 cm. long or longer borne in
a rather ample puberulent panicle; calyx minutely pubescent as
the 5 petals without, the stamens 10. According to the collector
the lower stem sometimes is 5 cm. thick, without spines and contains
drinkable water; petals orange-yellow-green. F.M. Neg. 1440.
Loreto: Mouth of Rio Santiago, flood-free woods, Tessmann
4441, type. "Pachaco."
Mimosa Weberbaueri Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 90. 1909.
Resembles M. dichoneuta but the pubescence a little longer,
rather villous-puberulent, the pinnae 6-10 pairs, the leaflets glabrous
or nearly above; peduncles 1-2 cm. long, terminally panicled; flowers
glabrous, 2-2.5 mm. long; pods 3-5 cm. long, 5-8 mm. broad, shortly
ashy-villous. F.M. Neg. 1444.
Amazonas: Near Chachapoyas, 2,400 meters, Weberbauer 4321,
type.
Mimosa xinguensis Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 4:
32. 1925.
Scandent shrub, the somewhat angled branchlets, petioles and
panicles densely armed with small retrorse prickles and more or
less rusty-puberulent; pinnae 2 pairs, with an elevated gland on the
petiole and sometimes 1 or more between the leaflets which are in
2 pairs on the lower pinnae, 3 pairs on the upper, the terminal ones
to 6 cm. long, 3.5 cm. broad, the others much smaller, the basal
sometimes only 1 cm. broad and little longer, all strongly falcate
or oblique or subrhombic, obtuse, lustrous and more or less pilose-
puberulent above, more densely so beneath, at least on the prominent
nerves, the veins reticulate; inflorescence and flowers of M. micra-
cantha but densely prickly. The related M. Spruceana Benth. and
M. annularis Spruce of northern Brazil are sparsely prickly and have
4-6 pairs of leaflets, those of the latter only to 2.5 cm. long, those
of the former softly tomentose-villous beneath and also reddish-
punctate. F.M. Neg. 1446.
Loreto: Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 46- Mishuyacu, Klug 772
(det. Killip). Rio Itaya, Kittip & Smith 29409 (det. Killip). Brazil.
"Pashaquilla."
FLORA OF PERU 97
10. SCHRANKIA Willd.
Leptoglottis DC.; Morongia Britton.
Sprawling sometimes prostrate abundantly aculeate more or less
woody or herbaceous plants not separable from Mimosa in character
except for the narrow terete-tetragonous pods. Flowers in globose
heads, usually 5-merous, the stamens twice as many as the petals,
these coalescent to the middle, the filaments filiform in hermaphro-
dite flowers, often complanate in male. Leaves characteristically
remotely bipinnate, the petiole eglandular, the sensitive leaflets
small. The name Schrankia has been conserved.
Schrankia leptocarpa DC. Prodr. 2: 443. 1825; 441. Lepto-
glottis leptocarpa (DC.) Standl. Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 458.
1925.
Aculeate even to the pod-margins, the petioles less so, these to
1 dm. long, the spreading or subscandent stems often several dm.
long, glabrous; stipules setaceous, rigid; pinnae 2-3 pairs, 2.5-5 cm.
long; leaflets 10-20 pairs, oblong-linear, strongly inequilateral at
base, 6-12 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. broad; peduncles axillary, solitary
or binate, 4-10 mm. long, the globose heads without the stamens
4 mm. thick; corolla scarcely 2 mm. long, glabrous, the stamens
twice as long; pods 7-10 cm. long, 4 mm. thick, long-beaked, at
maturity 4-valvate, 2 of the valves broader; seeds many, obovoid,
black, lustrous. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi. 99.
Loreto : Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, Klug 1291 . Brazil to Colombia.
11. DESMANTHUS Willd.
Acuan Medic.
Rather similar to Neptunia and Mimosa, particularly the former,
but stems more erect, often woody, stipules setaceous, anthers
eglandular and pods linear, normally several in a cluster, the valves
not separating from the margins, the seeds oblique or longitudinal
in position. The name of Willdenow has been conserved.
Desmanthus depressus Humb. & Bonpl. in Willd. Sp. PL
4: 1046. 1806; 386. Acuan depressum (Humb. & Bonpl.) Kuntze,
Rev. Gen. 158. 1891.
Glabrate, diffusely branched; pinnae 1-5 pairs, often only 2.5 cm.
long with 10-20 pairs of leaflets, usually shorter than 4 mm.; petiolar
gland orbicular, small; otherwise like D. virgatus to which it probably
should be referred as a variety (Bentham). F.M. Neg. 1473.
98 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Libertad: Chicama Valley, Smyth Jtf. Bolivia and Argentina to
the West Indies and Central America.
Desmanthus virgatus (L.) Willd. Sp. PL 4: 1047. 1806; 385.
Mimosa virgata L. Sp. PI. 519. 1753. Acuan virgatum (L.) Medic.
Theod. Sp. 62. 1786.
More or less ligneous below, the slightly angled and striate erect
or suberect stems often several dm. high, sometimes higher, glabrous
or early lightly pubescent; pinnae 2-4 (7) pairs, to 4.5 cm. long or
longer, the leaflets 4-8.5 mm. long; gland large, cupulate; flowers
white, 6-10 in each head, the glabrous corolla 3-4 mm. long, the
stamens twice as long; pods erect-spreading, 3.5-8 cm. long, 3-4 mm.
wide, the margins thickened, with as many as 20 (or more) obliquely
placed seeds. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi. 79; Degener,
Fl. Hawaii.
San Martin: Rio Huallaga, Williams 6215. Piura: Nigritos,
Haught 60. Lima: Environs Lima, (Raimondi). Warm America.
12. LEUCAENA Benth.
Like Mimosa but always trees or shrubs and unarmed. Stipules
setaceous or small. Flowers in globose heads. Stamens 10. Ovary
stiped. Pods broadly linear, firm-membranous, bivalved, continuous
within, the seeds transverse, ovate-oblong, compressed, with scanty
albumen. Cf . Acacia glomerosa, which simulates this when in fruit.
Leaflets 8-12 mm. long L. glauca.
Leaflets larger.
Leaflets soon glabrous L. trichodes.
Leaflets puberulent beneath L. canescens.
Leucaena canescens Benth. PI. Hartw. 117. 1843; 444.
Resembles L. trichodes but puberulent-pilose on the peduncles,
petioles, leaf-rachi and especially on the leaflets beneath, these
membranous, sometimes as many as 6 pairs, in the type only 2-3;
peduncles 2-3 cm. long; anthers densely pilose. As in the related
species the rachis glands are elevated and rather conspicuous. F.M.
Negs. 28145; 32051.
Tumbez: Near Ricaplaya, deciduous bush- wood, Weberbauer 7739.
Ecuador.
FLORA OF PERU 99
Leucaena glauca (L.) Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 416.
1842; 443. Mimosa glauca L. Sp. PI. 520. 1753.
Becoming a small tree, the young subterete branchlets, leaves
and peduncles minutely tomentulose; petioles 10 cm. long or longer,
sometimes with a gland between or below the lowest pinnae, these
in 4-8 pairs, 5-10 cm. long; leaflets 10-20 pairs, linear to lanceolate,
oblique and strongly inequilateral, 8-12 mm. long, glabrous, mem-
branous, paler beneath; peduncles axillary, 1-3, the upper panicled,
the globose heads nearly 2.5 cm. thick with the stamens, these
twice as long as the corolla, the petals of this finally parted to base,
2 mm. long and twice as long as the calyx, which is equaled by the
ovate bracts; pods 10-15 cm. long or longer, 8-12 mm. broad, shortly
stiped, the many seeds oblong. Cultivated in warm regions for
ornament. Illustrated, Sargent, Silva 3: pi. 139.
Lima: Chosica, small much-branched tree by fence, 2857.
Tacna: Shepard 304- Warm America.
Leucaena trichodes (Jacq.) Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4:
417. 1842; 444. Mimosa trichodes Jacq. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 76. pi.
394- 1798.
Glabrate shrub, the minute puberulence evanescent; petioles
slender with 2-3 rather remote pairs of divaricate ascending pinnae,
the leaflets 2-5 pairs somewhat obliquely ovate, rounded or acute at
base, apiculate and usually obliquely rounded at apex or sometimes
acute, ordinarily 2-3 cm. long, about half as broad, subcoria-
ceous; peduncles fascicled in the axils, 1-2 cm. long, the flower-
heads scarcely 1 cm. thick; anthers with a few long crisp trichomes;
pods membranous, 10 cm. long or longer, about 2 cm. broad, lustrous,
glabrous. Haught F119 was referred here by Harms without
question but Rose wrote the collector that it was a new species.
As the only difference seems to be the acute or acuminate leaflets
it may become var. acutifolia Macbr., var. nov., foliolis acutis vel
interdum acuminatis. Besides the collections cited Bentham noted
without locality, Mathews 476, Cuming 985.
Ruiz & Pavon were told, as they noted in their journal, that the
animal eating this plant loses the hair of the mane and tail and
that any person may become bald by washing his hair several times
with water in which the leaves have been bruised. Nevertheless,
according to the observation of Mrs. Mexia, the foliage is fed to
stock. F.M. Neg. 32049.
100 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Piura: Parinas Valley, Haught F119, type, var., (Weberbauer,
150). Rio Quiroz, (Raimondi}. Cajamarca: Nanchoc, (Raimondi).
Lima: Chancay, Ruiz & Pavdn. Huanuco: Maranon Valley,
(Weberbauer, 155). Apurimac: Rio Pachachaca, dry shrub-land,
Goodspeed 10522 (det. Standl., L. canescens). Libertad: Taya-
bamba, (Raimondi). Locality unknown, Weberbauer 5876. Cuzco:
Rio Vilcanota, Mexia 8024 (det. Killip). To Venezuela and Central
America. "Chamba," "yerba de la lancha."
13. PIPTADENIA Benth.
Reference: Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 366-373. 1875.
Shrubs or trees sometimes prickly with bipinnate leaves, the
leaflets most often opposite, small, numerous, and the main rachis
characteristically glandular at the base of the pinnae. Flowers
5-merous, small, in axillary cylindrical spikes or heads frequently
panicled. Calyx campanulate, minutely dentate. Petals usually
nearly free but sometimes connate to the middle, valvate. Stamens
10, free, exserted, usually deciduously glandular. Pods rarely
sessile, broadly linear, plane or subcoriaceous, 2-valved, continuous
within, the seeds exalbuminous. P. colubrina and P. grata approach
Leucaena but in the pods and large compressed exalbuminous
seeds they are characteristically Piptadenia.
Called "Yopo" tree the "beans" are ground to powder and
inhaled for intoxication; cf. P. colubrina.
Leaflets 10 mm. long or longer; ovary villous P. adiantoides.
Leaflets much smaller, many.
Leaflets usually 3-several mm. long, at least the midnerve obvious;
flowers in cylindrical spikes.
Leaflets glabrous or merely pubescent at base on nerve.
Ovary glabrous; pinnae usually many; leaflets membranous.
Pinnae mostly fewer than 10 pairs; calyx glabrous.
Pod valves membranous, raised above the seeds; leaflets
dull P.flava.
Pod valves subcoriaceous, the seeds scarcely obvious;
leaflets lustrous P. communis.
Pinnae mostly more than 10 pairs; calyx usually pubescent.
P. pteroclada.
Ovary villous; pinnae 3-6 pairs; leaflets firm. .P. Weberbaueri.
Leaflets puberulent, at least beneath.
FLORA OF PERU 101
Ovary villous; leaflets about 6 mm. long P. Killipii.
Ovary glabrous; leaflets about 3 mm. long P. viridiflora.
Leaflets about 2 mm. long or smaller, the nerve obscure; flowers
in globose heads.
Heads mostly paniculate P. colubrina.
Heads axillary or racemose P. grata.
Piptadenia adiantoides (Spreng.) Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb.
49: 17. 1919; 367. Acacia adiantoides Spreng. Syst. 3: 146. 1826.
P. laxa Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 335. 1842.
Glabrous or typically somewhat puberulent with a few small
recurved prickles on the long branches and leaf-rachi; petiolar gland
oblong; pinnae 2-4 pairs with 4-7 pairs of obliquely ovate or obovate-
elliptic leaflets, these usually about 2 cm. long, half as wide or in
the Peruvian variety much larger; spikes slender, 5-10 cm. long,
solitary or fasciculate in the upper axils or in leafless panicles, 2-3
dm. long; flowers usually glabrous, scarcely 2 mm. long, not including
the twice as long stamens; calyx about a fourth as long as the corolla;
ovary stipitate, more or less villous; pods straight, firm-membranous,
1 dm. long or longer, about 2 cm. wide. Liana or shrub with the
upper branches more or less scandent. The Peruvian plant seems
to be the same except for the much larger leaflets and may be noted
as var. peruviana Macbr., var. nov., foliolis ad 5 cm. longis, 3 cm.
latis, apice obtusis vel obscure breviterque acuminulatis (Klug
4018, type). P. uaupensis Spruce, 273, of northern Brazil, has a
globose petiolar gland, 2 pairs of pinnae, 2-3 pairs of obovate leaflets,
to 5 cm. long; P. Poeppigii Klotzsch ex Benth., 274, Amazonian,
has even larger obtusely acuminate leaflets and according to Ducke
is Stryphonodendron paniculatum Poepp. & Endl. Illustrated, Mart.
Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2. pi 72.
San Martin: Chazuta, Klug 4018, var. Loreto: Yurimaguas,
(Poeppig, det. Benth. with query). Balsapuerto, Klug 2927.
Brazil.
Piptadenia colubrina (Veil.) Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4:
341. 1842; 372. Mimosa colubrina Veil. Fl. Flum. Ic. 11. pi. 16.
1827, Text, ed. Netto, 434. 1881.
Smooth and glabrous tree or the young parts minutely puberulent,
leaves with 15-20 pairs of pinnae, the many linear leaflets 3-4 mm.
long, rather lustrous; peduncles fasciculate at the tips of the branch-
102 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
lets, racemose and paniculate, few axillary, the heads globose,
scarcely 5 mm. in diameter without the stamens; anthers glandular
in bud; pods to 2.5 dm. long, 1.5 cm. wide or somewhat wider,
plane, coriaceous, more or less regularly constricted between the
seeds. Cf. P. grata which certainly is very closely related if indeed
its character should not be broadened to include P. colubrina as a
more southern-ranging variety; it seems probable that the Peruvian
specimens referred here by Bentham are rather P. grata. P. peregrina
(L.) Benth., to be expected, has peduncles mostly axillary, anthers
eglandular. Attains 30 meters. The bark is said to be astringent.
The seeds of both species, finely ground, are used as snuff and are
highly narcotic; cf. Safford, Ann. Report Smiths. Inst. 393-397.
1917, and Herrera says that the wood is much appreciated for fine
canes. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi 76.
Cajamarca: Chota, (Bonpland). Huanuco: (Mathews 907).
Brazil; Bolivia. "Angico," "vilca," "huillca," "willca" (Safford),
"parica."
Piptadenia communis Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 337.
1842; 370.
Becoming a tree, the younger branchlets more or less 4-5 wing-
angled (or sometimes merely striate), the angles sparsely to densely
aculeate, the small prickles straight or incurved; petioles with 1
scutellate or verruciform gland near the base; pinnae 2.5-7 cm. long,
glabrate, 5-12 pairs, the 30-50 pairs of falcate-linear leaflets obtusely
mucronulate, oblique at base, 4-6 (8) mm. long, the midnerve ex-
centric; spikes axillary and racemose, densely flowered, about 6 cm.
long, the rachis puberulent, the minute bracts persisting; calyx
minute, scarcely one-fourth as long as the glabrous petals, these
nearly 2 mm. long, reddish in age; ovary glabrous, stipitate; pods
plane, obscurely but rather coarsely reticulate-veined, coriaceous, to
about 10 cm. long, 2-2.5 cm. wide, the position of the seeds scarcely
if at all obvious. Sometimes attains 15 meters, the wood used for
posts and beams (Mexia). This is P. gonoacantha (Mart.) Macbr.
Contr. Gray Herb. 49: 17. 1919, which name however is not employed
here because of the possibility that Acacia callosa Spreng., Syst. 3:
138. 1826, may actually prove to be the same species and in this
case the earliest cognomen. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2:
pi. 74 (except probably the pods).
Rio Acre: Seringal San Francisco, Ule 9433 (det. Harms). To
southern Brazil.
FLORA OF PERU 103
Piptadenia flava (Spreng.) Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 371.
1875. Acacia flava Spreng. ex DC. Prodr. 2: 469. 1825.
Much like P. communis but in general the branchlets slenderer
terete or slightly striate, the prickles sometimes stouter and, espe-
cially, the leaflets thinner not at all lustrous and usually drying pale
yellowish-green; pinnae 6-10 pairs; leaflets 4-8 mm. long, obscurely
if at all puberulent, the midnerve little excentric; petals 1.5-2 mm.
long, the calyx one- third to one-half as long; ovary glabrous; pods
obviously membranous, obscurely and finely veiny, lustrous, to 8 cm.
long, 1.5 cm. broad, the surfaces irregular by the maturing seeds.
F.M. Neg. 1477.
Tumbez: Prov. Paita, Haught 105. Hacienda la Choza, Weber-
bauer 7689. San Martin: Chazuta, King 4022 (det. Standl.).
Ayacucho: Estrella, Killip & Smith 23091 (perhaps; sterile). To
Colombia and Trinidad. "Ufia-de-gato."
Piptadenia grata (Willd.) Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 49: 17.
1919; 372. Acacia grata Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 1056. 1809.
P. macrocarpa Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 341. 1842.
Similar to P. colubrina but the peduncles all or nearly all fascicled
in the axils, the coriaceous pods often somewhat curved, usually
slightly if at all or irregularly contracted between the seeds. The
gray bark on the older branches is often nodulosely rugulose. The
anthers as in the related species are glanduliferous. F.M. Neg.
32023.
Huanuco: Near Ambo, along river, 1353; 2421; 3199. Near
Huanuco, Ruiz & Pawn; Weberbauer 6686. Huancavelica: Valley
of the Mantaro, Weberbauer 6505. Apurimac: River terraces, 2,000
meters, West 8845 (det. Johnst.). Scattered in stands of Acacia
macracantha, West 3679 (det. Johnst.). Cuzco: Valle del Urubamba,
Herrera 3210. To Brazil and Argentina. "Algarrobo," "vilca."
Piptadenia Killipii Macbr., spec. nov.
Frutex scandens, ramulis novellis dense puberulis et ad angulos
etiam foliorum petiolis (cum rhachidibus) minute et dissite
aculeatis; pinnis 8-9 jugis, glandula elevata verrucaeformis prope
basin petioli, minor inter pinnas supremas; foliolis circa 8-15
jugis utrinque puberulis oblongis vix acutis 6 mm. longis, 2 mm.
latis, costa subcentrali, venulis fere obsoletis; spicis axillaribus,
breviter pedunculatis, 3.5 cm. longis, densifloris; floribus flaves-
centibus praeter calycibus (puberulis, minutis) glabris 2 mm. longis;
104 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
ovario stipitato villoso. Distributed as P. flava but obviously on
account of the densely villous ovary not related; it may bear the
name of my well-known friend who verified my observations that
the plant was misdetermined.
San Martin: Juanjui, Klug 4333, type. Junin: Puerto Bermudez,
Kittip & Smith 26406.
Piptadenia pteroclada Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 370.
1875. P. opacifolia Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 5: 125. 1930.
Tree, sometimes 25 meters high, typically unarmed or the prickles
remote, glabrous except the spikes, these often 1 dm. long or longer,
and the slender leaf-rachi (or these glabrate); petiolar gland more
or less elevated, sometimes obscure; pinnae 12-18 pairs, with often
more than 50 pairs of linear, somewhat falcate obtuse or obscurely
cusped leaflets, these usually opaque above or in age slightly lustrous,
paler beneath, usually 6-8 mm. long, the midnerve little excentric;
calyx minute, puberulent, the glabrous petals 2-2.5 mm. long;
ovary glabrous. Ducke describes the pods of his species as similar
to those of P. communis, the flowers, at first greenish-white, finally
purplish. The Peruvian collectors noted the flowers as rose-colored
or wine-red and the Ducke specimens have 5-14 pairs of pinnae but
these variations are scarcely specific. Klug 4386, proposed by
Standley in herb, as a new species may become var. Klugii Macbr.,
var. nov., foliolis ad 10 mm. longis; floribus glabris. F.M. Neg. 1486.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4536. Juanjui, Klug 4386 (type,
var. Klugii). Loreto: Florida, Klug 2034 (det. Standl., P. flava).
Rio Itaya, Williams 3311 (det. Standl., P. flava). Rio Nanay,
Williams 514 (det. Standl., P. flava). Pebas, (Ducke, type, P.
opacifolia). Chimbote, (Kuhlmann). Brazil. "Pashaco," "pasha-
guillo."
Piptadenia viridiflora (Kunth) Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot.
4: 337. 1842; 369. Acacia viridiflora Kunth, Mimoseae 81. pi. 25.
1820.
A small somewhat prickly tree, or the younger ashy-puberulent
branchlets unarmed; pinnae 6-10 (15) pairs; leaflets 15-35 pairs,
about 3 mm. long, somewhat falcate, obtuse, obsoletely veined
except the prominent midnerve beneath, membranous, glabrous
above, paler and puberulent beneath; spikes axillary, solitary, the
rachis ashy-puberulent; calyx minute, glabrous, much shorter than
the greenish petals; anthers glandular; ovary stipitate, glabrous.
FLORA OF PERU 105
There are usually 2 or 3 glands on the leaf-rachis as well as 1 on the
petiole. According to Bentham this is the same as P. subtilifolia
(HBK.) Benth. of Ecuador; both species are characterized by the
petals being somewhat united above the base; the earlier name is
that of Kunth. P. boliviano, Benth., 370, is tomentulose, the petals
less than twice as long as the corolla, the stamens only shortly
exserted. Illustrated, Kunth, Mimoseae, pi. 25.
Cajamarca: San Felipe, (Bonpland, type).
Piptadenia Weberbaueri Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 18: 234.
1922.
Tree with short stocky branchlets, these as the leaves glabrous
or evanescently puberulent; petiolar gland small, patelliform; pinnae
4-6 pairs, 4-6 cm. long; leaflets 25-40 pairs, slightly falcate, obliquely
oblong, obtuse, 3-5 mm. long, somewhat lustrous, the midnerve
beneath obviously excentric; spikes axillary, solitary, 2-3 cm. long,
compactly flowered; bracts minute, dilated at tip, pilose, persisting;
calyx scarcely longer than 1 mm., puberulent, the glabrous petals
about twice as long, the anthers deciduously glandular; ovary stipi-
tate, hirsute. The leaflets are a little narrowed toward the tip and
thus are rather lanceolate, sometimes acutish. P. psilostachya (DC.)
Benth., 372, would be sought here and according to Ducke has been
found as near as Sao Paulo de Olivenca; it has 7-10 pairs of pinnae,
leaflets obtuse, 8 mm. long, 3 mm. wide and slender spikes of ashy-
pubescent flowers. F.M. Neg. 1490.
Libertad: Above La Vina, 2,000 meters, Weberbauer 7212, type.
14. STRYPHNODENDRON Mart.
Characters in general those of Piptadenia but plants always un-
armed, often more distinctly pubescent, the leaflets usually alternate
and the branchlets stouter. Spikes cylindrical, the anthers glandular.
Pods turgid, more or less divided between the albuminous seeds.
The leaflets are larger in the Peruvian species than in Piptadenia
except P. adiantoides with prickly stems. Cf . Dinizia Ducke, noted
under Dimorphandra.
Leaflets 12-17 mm. long; flowers glabrous S. purpureum.
Leaflets 4-10 mm. long; flowers puberulent S. pulcherrimum.
Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum (Willd.) Hochr. Bull. N. Y.
Bot. Gard. 6: 274. 1910. Acacia pulcherrima Willd. Sp. PL 4: 1061.
106 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
1806. S. floribundum Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 343. 1842.
S. guianense Benth. forma floribundum (Benth.) Ducke, Archiv.
Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 4: 250. 1925.
Tree, the rather stout somewhat angled branchlets evanescently
reddish-tomentose-puberulent; pinnae 12-15 pairs; leaflets 10-20
pairs, obliquely oblong, sparsely puberulent especially beneath or
distinctly paler, 4-6 mm. long, half as broad; spikes slender, often
10 cm. long, the rachis puberulent as also the flowers, these scarcely
2 mm. long; pods straight or slightly curved, subterete to 1 dm.
long, 8 mm. thick. Ducke may be correct in regarding this as
merely a form of the Guiana tree but that species at least as to type
has glabrous flowers, leaflets 8-10 mm. long; in view of similar
distinctions used to separate other species and those in the related
if indeed distinct genus Piptadenia, these characters seem to be
specifically diagnostic. Both species are very near S. polyphyllum
Mart., 374, with glabrous flowers but the corolla more than three
times longer than the calyx, the pinnae 15-20 pairs, leaflets 10-20
pairs, 6-8 mm. long. F.M. Neg. 1471.
Rio Acre: Mouth of Rio Macauhan, 25 meters high on terra firma,
Krukoff 5426 (distr. as S. polyphyllum, affine). Brazil; British
Guiana.
Stryphnodendron purpureum Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio
Jan. 1: 16. 1915.
Branchlets stout, abundantly white-lenticellate and densely red-
tomentulose, the indument short, extending also more or less to
the leaf-rachi and short peduncles of the mostly geminate axillary
spikes; pinnae usually 9 pairs; leaflets 10-18 pairs, nearly half as
broad as long, the ultimate obovate, the others rhombic-oblong,
very oblique at the subtruncate base, obtuse or usually emarginate,
glabrous and lustrous above, paler, opaque and minutely puberulent-
pilose beneath, the midnerve excentric; flowers glabrous, purple,
the calyx less than 1 mm. the corolla slightly more than 1 mm.
long; pods falcate to 14 cm. long, 12 mm. wide, rusty-brown-tomen-
tose. The petiolar gland is large. F.M. Neg. 28299.
Loreto: Iquitos, Ducke 20182. Mishuyacu, Klug J^7. Brazil
to the Guianas.
15. ENTADA Adans.
Smooth or finely aculeate trees or high-climbing shrubs with
bipinnate leaves the terminal pair of pinnae sometimes modified
FLORA OF PERU 107
into tendrils. Flowers almost minute, 5-merous, borne in solitary
or panicled slender densely crowded spikes. Calyx campanulate.
Petals white, free or nearly. Stamens 10, free, shortly exserted;
anthers before anthesis glandular. Ovary sessile, many-ovuled, the
short style with truncate terminal stigma. Pods piano-compressed,
various in texture, the thickened sutures persisting, the inner part
breaking into 1-seeded joints.
Entada polyphylla Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2: 133. 1840;
365. Entadopsis polyphylla (Benth.) Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 23, pt. 3:
191. 1928.
More or less minutely puberulent; leaves with 4-8 pairs of pinnae,
10-20 pairs of oblong, obtuse or emarginate leaflets, 8-16 mm. long,
about 4 mm. wide, oblique at the inequilateral base; inflorescence
to several dm. long, the yellowish flowers crowded, scarcely 2 mm.
long, the minute calyx 5-toothed, the petals oblong, well exceeded
by the whitish stamens; pods to 3 dm. long, papery between the
margins, 5-7 cm. wide. Slender tree sometimes scandent with
coarsely fissured bark which yields a slightly sweet pale yellow
resin that is sometimes used for dyeing leather black (Williams).
San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 5475; 5576 (as to fruit) ; 6689.
Loreto: Yurimaguas, Killip & Smith 29116; Williams 4009 (as to
fruit); Williams 4544- Near Iquitos, Klug 290; Killip & Smith
27176. Balsapuerto, Klug 2850. Rio Itaya, Williams 185. Brazil;
Guiana. "Pashaco."
Entada polystachya (L.) DC. Me'm. Leg. 434. pis. 61, 62. 1825.
Mimosa polystachya (L.) Sp. PI. 520. 1753. Entadopsis polystachya
(L.) Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 23, pt. 3: 190. 1928.
High climbing liana, the petioles sometimes cirrose, pinnae 2-6
pairs; leaflets 6-8 pairs, oblong, obtuse or emarginate, usually 2-3.5
cm. long, 12-18 mm. broad, somewhat puberulent-pilose, especially
on the midnerve beneath; spikes short, very many, densely crowded
in a long raceme; pods similar to those of E. polyphylla.
Peru: (fide Ducke). To Trinidad, the West Indies and Mexico.
16. NEPTUNIA Lour.
Diffuse or prostrate (one species aquatic) perennial herb, some-
times suffrutescent at base, or rarely low undershrubs. Leaves bipin-
nate, the leaflets small, stipules often well-developed, membranous,
obliquely cordate or minute. Flowers sessile in ovoid or globose
108 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
heads on axillary solitary peduncles, the lower flowers sometimes
neuter. Stamens 10 (5), exserted, the neuter flowers with 10 petaloid
staminodes ; anthers glandular. Calyx white. Ovary stipitate, many-
ovuled. Pods obliquely oblong, piano-compressed, firm-membranous,
2-valved, subseptate between the transverse ovate seeds, usually
several in a cluster.
Neptunia prostrata (Lam.) Baillon in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris
1: 356. 1883. Mimosa prostrata Lam. Encycl. 1: 10. 1783. N.
oleracea Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 634. 1790. M. natans L. f. Suppl.
439. 1781 as to name and specimen cited, not as to description;
cf. Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb. 59: 15. 1919.
Glabrous, often aquatic, the spongy rhizome when floating sup-
porting at the surface from swollen stems (1-2 cm. thick) the divided
leaves, these with eglandular petioles, 2-3 pairs of pinnae and 8-12
pairs of nearly linear leaflets commonly 6-12 mm. long, the rachis
tipped with a bristle; stipules broad, 5-7 mm. long; peduncles several
to many cm. long in fruit; perfect flowers white, the petals 4 mm.
long; pods 2-2.5 cm. long, 8-10 mm. wide, mucronate, more or less
recurving on the stipe, the seeds 5-8. N. plena (L.) Benth., 291,
is a smooth herb less or never aquatic, the petiole with a gland, the
leaves with 3-5 pairs of pinnae, the pods to 4 cm. long, 1 cm. wide,
with many (to 20) seeds. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi 78.
Peru (probably). Warm regions.
Neptunia pubescens Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 356. 1842;
384.
Prostrate or prostrate-ascending half-shrub, the slender elongating
branches lightly appressed-pubescent; stipules several mm. long,
ovate, aristate-acuminate, striate; pinnae 2-4 pairs, the glands
obscure or none; leaflets 20-30 pairs, crowded, linear, 2-4 mm.
long, ciliate; peduncles to 3 cm. long, the flower-heads scarcely
5 mm. thick, the lower flowers few, male; pods about 2 cm. long,
half as broad, the stipe scarcely more than 2 mm. long.
Lima: Huara, Ruiz & Pavon; Dombey. Near Lima, Cuming
1027, type. West Indies; Florida to Texas and south to Paraguay.
17. PROSOPIS L.
Reference: Burkart, Darwiniana 4: 57-128. 1940.
Shrubs or trees, characteristically nodosely armed, the bipinnate
often glaucous leaves usually with only 1 or 2 pairs of pinnae, these
FLORA OF PERU 109
in turn with rather few, and rigid, leaflets. Glands small, obscure
or wanting. Flowers small, ordinarily in cylindrical spikes on
axillary peduncles. Stamens 10, free, shortly exserted, usually, but
deciduously, glandular. Pods linear, distinctly or little compressed,
even subterete, straight, falcate or contracted, various in texture,
the compressed albuminous seeds commonly separated by more or
less continuous or permanent tissue, segments of pods nut-like by
the ligneous or nearly bony endocarp. Burkart has shown, I.e. 72,
that P. strombulifera (Lam.) Benth. must have been by error accred-
ited to Peru by Lamarck.
Leaflets 16-25 pairs; spikes overtopped by the leaves. . .P. chilensis.
Leaflets 6-12 pairs; spikes longer than leaves P. limensis.
Prosopis chilensis (Molina) Stuntz, U. S. Bur. PI. Ind. 31: 85.
1914; 105. Ceratonia chilensis Molina, Sagg. Nat. Chil. 172. 1782.
P. juliflora of authors as to Peru, not (Sw.) DC.
Tall shrub to slender tree commonly only several meters high,
the glaucous openly divided leaves glabrous or minutely puberulent,
the axillary spines (sometimes wanting) solitary or geminate, short
or on sterile shoots to 5 cm. long, the cylindrical spikes axillary or
fasciculate with the leaves, subsessile, the yellow pods somewhat
arcuate at maturity, 5-15 cm. long, 6-12 mm. broad, the position
of the seeds more or less marked without; pinnae 1-2 (3) pairs; leaf-
lets usually 16-25 pairs, rather distantly borne, oblong or linear,
4-16 (35) mm. long, ordinarily about 2 mm. wide, straight or falcate,
obtuse or acutish; flowers glabrous without or with a few soft tri-
chomes, 3 mm. long, the petals often lanate within apically; stamens
about half again as long as the corolla; ovary shortly stipitate, villous.
"Algarroba," the sweetish edible pulp of the pods, is especially
valuable as a food for stock and the hard wood is used to make
charcoal. According to Herrera it also furnishes a substitute for
gum arabic, while Raimondi found it being used at Arequipa under
the name of "yara" for earache in children. He collected it, accord-
ing to determinations at Dahlem, in the Departments of Piura, An-
cash, Lamba'yeque and Tacna. Cf. also Weberbauer 92, 116, 123.
Piura: Nigritos, HaughtF72, (Weberbauer, 150, 151, 154). Are-
quipa: Tiabaya, Pennell 13062. Sandy flat near Arequipa, Eyerdam
& Beetle 22146. Cuzco: Valley of the Rio Villcanoto, Mexia 8026
(det. Killip). Calca, Vargas 709. Santa Ana, Cook & Gilbert 1421.
To Chile and Argentina. "Thacco," "guarango," "garroba,"
"huaranca," "algarroba."
110 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Prosopis limensis Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 350. 1842; 114.
Becoming a tree, the spreading branches and leaves more or less
pubescent; pinnae 1-3 pairs, 1.5-3 cm. long, with 6-12 pairs of
crowded at least ciliate elliptic-oblong leaflets, 2.5-6.5 mm. long,
1-2.5 mm. broad; racemes well exceeding the leaves, spike-like, the
rachis and short peduncles pubescent, 8-13 cm. long, about 9 mm.
thick before anthesis; flowers glabrous except for the ciliolate calyx;
pods straight, 6-7 cm. long, 12 mm. thick, little compressed.
Stork & Horton noted groves of these trees, some individuals to 16
meters high; cf. also Weberbauer, 92.
Piura: Paita, Horton 11587; (Ball); Weberbauer, 154. Ancash:
Yautan, gravelly river- valley floor, 2563. Libertad: Chepe'n, Stork
& Horton 1001 2. Lima: Near Lima, (Cuming974, type). Apurimac:
Weberbauer 5366; 5901. "Algarroba."
18. PARKIA R. Br.
Reference: Ducke, Archiv. Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio Jan. 4: 8-11. 1938.
Smooth trees with large firm bipinnate leaves these with several
pinnae and many leaflets, the petiole with a gland. Flowers small,
all bisexual or some in each head-like (globose or clavate) inflores-
cence female or neuter, the 10 stamens accompanied by long stami-
nodes. Calyx lobes imbricate. Pods large, bivalvate, the seeds in
1 or 2 rows and without albumen. The following key, in part, is
after Ducke, the descriptions, in part, after Bentham.
Pentaclethra macroloba (Willd.) Kuntze (P. filamentosa Benth.),
262, Brazil to Central America but not yet found in Peru, is similar
but has flowers in elongate spikes, the fertile stamens only 5.
Heads globose or depressed-spheroid, all the flowers hermaphrodite
or the lower male.
Flowers white; leaflets 2 mm. wide; pods glabrous. . . P. multijuga.
Flowers deep red; leaflets 1 mm. wide; pods velutinous . P. velutina.
Heads biglobular or clavate, the lower part sterile.
Leaves opposite; flowers white or pale yellow or the lower sterile
red.
Leaflets 5-7 mm. wide; heads in flower clavate, the lower part
narrower than upper P. decussata.
Leaflets 2-3 mm. wide; heads in flower biglobose, the lower
part wider than the upper P. oppositifolia.
Leaves alternate; flowers bright or deep colors P. igneiflora.
FLORA OF PERU 111
Parkia decussata Ducke, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 11: 472.
1932.
Large tree with opposite glabrous leaves these with 4-7 pairs of
pinnae; leaflets 20-34 pairs, subsigmoid-falcate, oblong, auricled
lower side at base, obtuse, 2-3 cm. long, 5-7 mm. wide, nearly con-
color, slightly lustrous, 3-nerved; peduncles terminal-erect, stout,
to 2 dm. long, densely reddish- tomentulose; heads clavate, to 7 cm.
long, the lower reddish sterile portion 2.5 cm. thick, the upper yellow-
ish part about twice as thick; bractlets brown sericeous to base;
rachis little enlarged above base, the apical third subglobose-obovoid
dilated; pods about 3 dm. long, 4-6 cm. wide, coriaceous, red-tomen-
tose, the tomentum deciduous in age. Species unique in shape of
the flowering heads. Found at Tabatinga (near the boundary),
according to Ducke.
Peru (undoubtedly). Amazonian Brazil.
Parkia igneiflora Ducke, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 11: 472.
1932.
Tree of medium size, rarely tall but slender with narrow crown
that is topped by the extremely long more or less erect inflorescences,
the flower-heads to 7 cm. long, the staminodes red-orange, deep red
or a beautiful yellow; leaves alternate; pinnae 4-7 pairs; leaflets
similar to those of P. decussata but 16-29 pairs, 2.5-4 cm. long, 6-10
mm. broad, lighter beneath; sterile part of heads 5-6 cm. thick, the
fertile portion half as thick; pods subligneous-coriaceous, 6-9 cm.
long, about 4 cm. wide, glabrous. Description after Ducke who has
noted, Archiv. Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio Jan. 4: 8. 1938, formas purpurea
Ducke and aurea Ducke, staminodes purple and yellow, the last also
designated, I.e., var. aurea Ducke and f . aureiflora Ducke, Leg. Amaz.
Bras. (Minist. Agric. Serv. Florest.) 47. 1939. Similar are P. auri-
culata Spruce and P. discolor Spruce, the latter with 3-4 pairs of
pinnae, both small trees with deep purple-red flowers, leaflets rarely
2 cm. long, shorter and harder, slightly spongy pods. Harms referred
Klug 896, "a tree 16 meters with red and yellow flowers, the fruit
edible," to P. auriculata but because of color of flowers and size of
leaflets (2.5 cm. long, 6 mm. wide) as well as from a standpoint of
range it is probably P. igneiflora or a variety. P. pectinata (H. &
B.) Benth., possibly to be expected, has 9-15 pairs of pinnae, the
linear leaflets 1-nerved.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 896. Caballo-Cocha, Williams 2210
(leaf). Amazonian Brazil. "Goma guayo."
112 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Parkia multijuga Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: 265. 1876.
Dimorphandra megacarpa Rolfe, fide Ducke, apparently a herbarium
name.
Leaves alternate, large (5 dm. long or longer), the rather short
(about 1 dm. long) petiole as well as usually the rachi more or less
rufous puberulent; pinnae 20-30 pairs, 1-2 dm. long with 50-100
leaflets, mostly 8-9 mm. long, 2.5 mm. broad, obtuse, slightly auricled
at base, subfalcate, 1-nerved, lightly venose, at least beneath where
paler; erect peduncles in terminal panicles only 2.5-3.5 cm. long;
bracts below the globose heads often foliaceous; pods completely
ligneous, 2-3 dm. long, 7-9 cm. broad, 1.5-3 cm. thick (Ducke),
used in making soap (Krukoff). To 45 meters with high buttresses
(Krukoff); trunk diameter nearly 3 meters (Poeppig) the wood
medium hard but difficult to split (Ducke). P. Ulei (Harms)
Kuhlm. has much-branched panicles, pinnae about 12-20 pairs,
30-60 pairs of leaflets and persistently tomentose pods to 3 dm.
long, 3.5-4.5 cm. wide. P. pendula (Willd.) Benth. has depressed
sphaeroid heads, suspended on extremely long filiform peduncles,
all flowers hermaphrodite but the lower with long filaments, the
anthers caducous. Illustrated, flowers and fruit, Archiv. Jard. Bot.
Rio Jan. 4: pi 1. F.M. Neg. 32020.
Loreto: Rio Maranon, Tessmann 4392. Rio Acre: Rio Macauhan,
Krukoff 5579. Brazil; Colombia.
Parkia oppositifolia Spruce ex Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15,
pt. 2: 267. 1876.
Leaves and peduncles opposite, each about 1.5 dm. long, the
former with 3-7 pairs of pinnae 1 dm. long or longer; leaflets many,
oblong-linear, auricled at base, sometimes with marginal nerve, dull
above, paler beneath, nearly straight, 8-12 mm. long, 2-3 mm.
wide; heads biglobular, oblong-clavate in age to 5 cm. long; pods
about 2 dm. long, 3.5-4 cm. broad, curved on the stipe to 5 cm.
long, glabrate in age, the oblong seed not compressed. Large tree,
the inner wood when freshly exposed with a strong odor of methyl-
salicylate (Ducke). This is lacking in the related P. nitida Benth. and
apparently also in P. inundabilis Ducke, I.e. 7. Both species lack
the wax that is on the reverse side of the leaflets of P. oppositifolia
and the latter has 8-13 pairs of pinnae. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras.
I.e. pi 69.
Loreto: Rio Maranon, Tessmann 4929. To British Guiana.
FLORA OF PERU 113
Parkia velutina Benoist, Notul. Syst. 3: 271. 1916.
Characters of P. multijuga but the peduncles and leaf-rachi red
velvety tomentulose, heads in lateral racemes borne immediately
below the leaves which are crowded at the ends of very thick branches
and pods to 4 dm. long, 6 cm. wide, coriaceous, brownish-red tomen-
tose (Ducke). The Klug specimen, only a leaf and broken heads,
is determined by Standley with query but seems referable here.
It came from a 25-meter tree, the flowers garnet. The species, fide
Ducke, grows on non-inundated terrain.
Loreto: Florida, Klug 2308. To French Guiana.
CAESALPINIEAE
Key adapted from Bentham by tribes. See alternate key in
which Krameria is included for convenience but the description for
this aberrant group is at the end of the family.
Leaves all or some of them bipinnate.
Sepals connate; flowers regular, small, in dense spikes.
Dimorphandreae.
Sepals free; flowers more or less irregular Eucaesalpinieae.
Leaves simple or pinnate, sometimes 1-3 foliate.
Calyx entire in bud.
Leaves simple, bilobed or rarely bifoliate; calyx gamosepalous
or valvately parted or spathaceous Bauhinieae.
Leaves 1-many foliate; calyx cyathiform or ruptured.
Swartzieae.
Calyx lobes free (except Poeppigia in Sclerolobieae).
Ovary stipe adnate Amherstieae.
Ovary or stipe free unless in Cynometra.
Anthers 2-pored or shortly 2-cleft or if longitudinally dehis-
cent, erect and basifixed, not versatile Cassieae.
Anthers versatile or not as above.
Ovules 3-many; leaves rarely abruptly pinnate.
Sclerolobieae.
Ovules 1-2; leaves abruptly pinnate, the leaflets 2 or more.
Cynometreae.
Dimorphandreae
One genus in Peru 1. Dimorphandra.
114 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Cynometreae
Leaves abruptly pinnate, 2-many foliate; calyx segments free, im-
bricate or valvate; petals 5 or fewer or none; anthers versatile;
ovary 1-2-ovuled.
Petals none; pods obliquely elliptic or falcate-ovate. .2. Copaifera.
, Petals 5; pods rather ovoid 3. Cynometra.
Amherstieae
Leaves usually abruptly pinnate, rarely 1-foliate; calyx segments
free, rarely valvate; petals none-5; anthers versatile; ovary
stipe adnate; ovules 3-many.
Bractlets small or promptly caducous (cf. Brownea).
Petals none; pods short, more or less oblique, piano-com-
pressed 4. Crudia.
Petals 1-5.
Leaflets 1 pair; pods short.
Stigma dilated; pods plane, bivalved 5. Peltogyne.
Stigma small; pods thick, indehiscent 6. Hymenaea.
Leaflets 2-several pairs; pods indehiscent, linear to oblong.
Sepals and petals 5; pods plane 7. Tachigalia.
Sepals 4; petals 3, 2 reduced; pods fleshy. . .8. Tamarindus.
Bractlets more or less including the calyx, often persisting, rarely
lacking.
Bractlets connate at base; petals rarely 3-5, rarely obsolete;
pods oblong or elongate 9. Brownea.
Bractlets free; one petal clawed, 2 or 4 reduced or lacking; pods
ovate-oblong or falcate 10. Macrolobium.
Cassieae
Leaves abruptly or imparipinnate; calyx lobes free, 5 (3-4) usually
imbricate; petals 5 or fewer or none; anthers 2-pored or basifixed,
exceptionally versatile but 2-pored (Cassia) ; ovary (or stipe) free.
Petals 3 or fewer or lacking; stamens 2-3; pods often short.
Sepals and petals 3; pods obliquely ovate or oblong.
11. Apuleia.
Sepals 5; petals lacking or 1-2; pods ovate-orbiculate or ovoid-
globose 12. Dialium.
FLORA OF PERU 115
Petals 5 (except Dicorynia under Martiusia) ; pods usually elongate,
terete or flat, often 2-valved.
Leaves abruptly pinnate; seeds usually more than 1; pods
various 13. Cassia.
Leaves imparipinnate; seeds often solitary in middle of ample
oblong pods 14. Martiusia.
Eucaesalpinieae
Leaves bipinnate (Peruvian) or rarely all but a few simply pinnate;
calyx segments free; petals often 5, subequal; anthers versatile;
ovary or stipe free unless in Schizolobium.
Ovary adnate to the calyx tube; pods samaroid with a solitary
seed at tip 15. Schizolobium.
Ovary free; pods not samaroid.
Rachis of leaves scarcely obvious; pods terete (Peruvian).
16. Parkinsonia.
Rachis of leaves well developed.
Flowers borne at leafless nodes; pods flattened, narrowly
oblong 17. Cercidium.
Flowers axillary or terminal with the leaves; pods various.
18. Caesalpinia.
Sclerolobieae
Leaves rarely abruptly pinnate; calyx segments free except
Poeppigia; petals 5 except Phyllocarpus, subequal; ovary free.
Petals 3; pods 1-seeded, plane, thin, the upper suture margined.
19. Phyllocarpus.
Petals 5; pods not wing-margined.
Bractlets enclosing buds, persisting; pods compressed, ligneous.
20. Dicymbe.
Bractlets caducous, small or none; pods various.
Calyx segments free; leaflets to 13 pairs, medium; pods
coriaceous.
Flowers small; pods, if flat, indehiscent.
Stamens 10.
Petals usually narrow; pods flat 21. Sclerolobium.
Petals ovate; pods turgid 25. Batesia.
Stamens 15-20; pods flat 22. Campsiandra.
Flowers showy; pods dehiscing, flat 23. Recordoxylon.
116 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Calyx segments somewhat connate; leaflets small, many; pods
membranous 24. Poeppigia.
Bauhinieae
One genus in Peru 26. Bauhinia.
Swartzieae
Leaves pinnate, 1-many; calyx entire, closed before anthesis; petals
1, 5 or none; stamens rarely 10; pods often ovoid, bivalved or
indehiscent.
Calyx acuminate; petals 5; leaves 1-foliate 27. Lecointea.
Calyx obtuse; petals 1 or lacking; stamens many; leaves 1-many
foliate 28. Swartzia.
Alternate key
Sepals connate; flowers regular, small, in dense racemes or spikes,
5 fertile stamens, 5 staminodia 1. Dimorphandra.
Sepals free or the calyx in bud closed, entire (lobes somewhat connate
in Poeppigia).
Petals wanting or 1-2 or if rarely 5, 4 greatly reduced (2 in
Krameria).
Perfect stamens 2-3 (4); pods turgid or globose or scarcely
longer than broad.
Trees; fruit smooth.
Sepals 5; staminodia none; anthers basifixed ... 12. Dialium.
Sepals 4; staminodia present; anthers versatile.
10. Macroldbium.
Low shrubs; fruit spinose (aberrant group at end of family).
Krameria.
Perfect stamens 8-10 or more numerous and often in 2 series.
Sepals 4, imbricate or valvate.
Bractlets if present free; sepals not petaloid.
Ovary stipe often adnate; racemes simple. . . .4. Crudia.
Ovary stipe free; spikes often panicled 2. Copaifera.
Bractlets if present somewhat connate; sepals petaloid.
9. Brownea.
Sepals irregular from the splitting of the entire bud or in
3 species cyathiform 28. Swartzia.
FLORA OF PERU 117
Petals 3-5.
Petals 3 or if 5, 2 rudimentary; stamens 2-3 (except in Phyllo-
carpus).
Leaves abruptly pinnate; sepals 4; anthers versatile.
Pods narrowly oblong, turgid; leaves glabrous.
8. Tamarindus.
Pods compressed, winged ; leaves pubescent . 19. Phyllocarpus.
Leaves imparipinnate; sepals 3 (or 5); anthers basifixed;
pods obliquely ovate-oblong, compressed ... 11. Apuleia.
Petals 5, equal or subequal; stamens unless rarely in Bauhinia
4 or more, usually 10.
Calyx at anthesis cleft, in bud often entire; leaves entire,
bilobed or bifoliate.
Anthers versatile; leaves often bilobed 26. Bauhinia.
Anthers basifixed; leaves never lobed 27. Lecointea.
Calyx lobes valvate or imbricate.
Anthers basifixed, usually opening by terminal chinks or
pores.
Sepals imbricate; stamens 10 (5) 13. Cassia.
Sepals sub valvate; stamens 4 (5) 14. Martiusia.
Anthers versatile, longitudinally slit.
Leaves simply pinnate.
Leaflets 1 pair (cf . Brownea} .
Flowers axillary, racemose 3. Cynometra.
Flowers terminal, panicled.
Stigma small; pods indehiscent, fleshy.
6. Hymenaea.
Stigma dilated; pods plane, without pulp.
5. Peltogyne.
Leaflets more than 1 pair.
Bractlets more or less calyciform or connate about
the calyx (rarely lacking); flowers showy.
Flowers usually capitate; ovary stipe adnate.
9. Brownea.
Flowers not capitate; ovary free. . . .20. Dicymbe.
Bractlets caducous, none or not as above (cf.
Brownea, flowers showy, capitate).
118 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Stamens 10.
Leaflets many, small; calyx lobes somewhat
connate 24. Poeppigia.
Leaflets to 13 pairs, medium; sepals free.
Calyx oblique; ovary adnate. . . 7. Tachigalia.
Calyx campanulate; ovary free.
Petals to 6 mm. long; pods, if flat, indehis-
cent.
Flowers small, the petals narrow; pods
flat 21. Sclerolobium.
Flowers medium, the petals ovate; pods
turgid 25. Batesia.
Petals 2 cm. long; pods flat, dehiscing.
23. Recordoxylon.
Stamens 15-20 22. Campsiandra.
Leaves bipinnate.
Rachis of leaves scarcely obvious 16. Parkinsonia.
Rachis of leaves well developed.
Calyx segments subequal.
Low plants 18. Caesalpinia.
Trees or shrubs.
Flowers borne at leafless nodes . . 17. Cercidium.
Flowers axillary or terminal with the leaves.
15. Schizolobium.
Calyx segments unequal, imbricate . 18. Caesalpinia.
1. DIMORPHANDRA Schott
Trees suggesting in aspect Mimosa, the leaves bipinnate, the
flowers small, regular, in cylindrical racemes or spikes, the calyx
limb 5-dentate, the petals 5, imbricate, the anthers versatile with
longitudinal slits, the ovary many-ovuled. The estivation of the
petals is regarded as distinguishing the group from the Mimoseae.
It approaches Sclerolobium but the merely toothed calyx separates
it. Dinizia Ducke (D. excelsa Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan.
3: 76. 1922), large Amazonian tree, is rather similar but has 10
stamens and is actually allied to Stryphnodendron but the sepals
are imbricate. Ducke, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 25: 193-198. 1935,
and Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 4: 41-44. 1925, presented keys to
FLORA OF PERU 119
the known species, the first reference being to those of the section
Pocillum.
Dimorphandra gigantea Ducke, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 25:
198. 1935.
Young branchlets, petioles, peduncles and rachi of the leaves
and inflorescence densely subvillous-velutinous with reddish tri-
chomes; petioles stout; pinnae 18-27 pairs with 32-50 pairs of sessile,
linear-oblong, slightly falcate leaflets, the middle larger ones 7 mm.
long, scarcely more than 1 mm. broad, the truncate base a little
obliquely subauriculate, obtuse or acutish, plane, subcoriaceous,
glabrous and barely lustrous above, pale and opaque beneath, the
costa obscurely pilose; racemes 7-14, to 3 dm. long, the peduncles
somewhat longer; flower-buds subsessile; staminodes and fertile
stamens glabrous (each 5) the former with rudimentary anthers,
free; ovary brown-villous; pod apparently plane, 2.5-3 dm. long,
1 dm. broad at the middle (only partly destroyed pods known).
Section Pocillum Tul., the staminodes more or less petaloid dilated,
sometimes united, the few racemes often elongate, the pods bivalvate.
The type was from Tabatinga on the Peruvian Amazonian boundary,
a tree 50 meters tall, the trunk with high and broad buttresses.
Other species of the same section from the upper Amazon to be
expected include the related D. ferruginea Ducke, I.e. 197, with pale
rusty tomentose pubescence, the leaflets not glabrate beneath.
Peru (undoubtedly). Brazil.
Dimorphandra vernicosa Spruce ex Benth. & Hook. f. Gen.
PI. 1: 588. 1865; Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: 249. 1870.
Glabrous; pinnae 1-2 pairs; leaflets 4-8 pairs, oblong or oval-
elliptic, 2.5-5 cm. long; racemes elongate, solitary or few. Section
Pocillum as also D. pennigera Tul., with 6-10 pairs of pinnae, 20-30
pairs of leaflets 12-25 mm. long. Other species approaching Peru
belong to the section Eudimorphandra Tul., the staminodia obovate
or capitate, always free, the racemes often many, corymbose, the
pods according to Ducke indehiscent, for example D. unijuga Tul.,
D. parviflora Spruce. The former has solitary or 1-2 pairs of pinnae
with 5-9 large leaflets, the latter 8-12 pairs of pinnae, as many
pairs of leaflets. Finally D. excelsa (Benth.) Baillon or distinct if
preferred as Mora excelsa Benth. has simply pinnate leaves with
3-4 pairs of many finely reticulate leaflets, the oblong pod dehiscent.
Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi 66.
Peru (probably). Brazil.
120 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
2. COPAIFERA L.
Trees with abruptly pinnate leaves, the often pellucid-punctate
leaflets alternate or opposite, and small apetalous flowers sessile
in paniculate spikes. Stipules small. Bracts small, rarely sub-
persisting. Bractlets none. Calyx tube short, the 4 sepals imbricate
or subvalvate. Stamens 8-10, free. Ovary stiped; ovules 2; style
elongate with terminal truncate stigma. Pods obliquely elliptic or
falcate-ovate, rather turgid, 2-valved, the usually solitary seed
pendulous, exalbuminous, partly surrounded by the large colored
arillus.
Kuntze, who has been followed only by Herzog, has taken up the
pre-Linnaean name "copaiba," by which name the dark green oil
and resin the trees furnish is known; these products have pharma-
ceutical and industrial uses.
Copaifera reticulata Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 1: 22.
1915.
Branchlets glabrous, the petioles, leaf-rachi and racemes some-
what ashy or slightly rusty-puberulent; leaflets 4-5 (6) pairs, pellucid-
punctate, densely and finely reticulate and lustrous both sides,
obliquely oblong-elliptic, rounded or acute at base, obtusely acumi-
nate, mostly 3-5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad; panicles narrow, often a
dm. or two long, the sessile flowers 2-2.5 mm. long, glabrous without,
white- villous as the ovary within; pods 1-, sometimes 2- or even 3-
or 4-seeded, in the latter cases strongly indented between the seeds,
usually with stipe about 5 mm. long; arillus of the seed yellow.
Ducke notes it as a tree 25-30 meters high, with a disagreeable
odor, the white flowers fragrant; it furnishes according to him most
of the oil and resin of "copaiba." The Peruvian specimens in fruit
are completely glabrous and the pod is subsessile. However, as
suggested by Harms, they apparently most resemble Ducke's species
and may be noted as var. peruviana Macbr., var. nov., foliolis glabris.
It may be C. canime Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 24: 210. 1928, with
somewhat smaller leaflets, much more densely punctate, the slender
elongate spikes finely puberulent.
Other Amazonian species with punctate leaflets to be expected
in Peru include C. guianensis Desf., 241, and C. multijuga Hayne,
241, both with pale coumarin scented bark, acuminate leaflets, the
former with 3^4, the latter with 6-10 pairs; the former approaches
C. reticulata but the leaflets are generally much larger, 7-15 cm.
long, 3-4 cm. broad, and the arillus that nearly surrounds the seed
FLORA OF PERU 121
is said to be red. C. officinalis L. is in general the same but the
leaflets are shortly and obtusely acuminate as in the similar and
widely distributed C.Langsdorffii Desf., 242, but the latter has leaflets
mostly 2-2.5 cm. broad, the former 3-4 cm. broad. The remaining
species within our range have leaflets not at all punctate, those of
C. glycycarpa Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 5: 128. 1930,
densely tomentose beneath, those of C. marginata Benth., 243, and
C. Martii Hayne, 244, glabrous, the former very rigid, the leaflet
edged with a prominent nerve, the marginal nerve in the case of
C. Martii thin or slender. F.M. Neg. 28043.
Loreto: Yurimaguas, Williams 4884- Middle Ucayali, Tessmann
5475 (det. Harms as affine). Rio Acre: Seringal Iracema (fide
Ducke). Amazonian Brazil. "Copaiba."
3. CYNOMETRA L.
Shrubs or trees, the Peruvian species simulating Hymenaea and
some species of Bauhinia in their bifoliate leaves but otherwise
like Copaifera except that the flowers are in short racemes or panicles,
have 5 petals (the lower sometimes minute), imbricate, tardily
caducous bracts, bractlets colored if present. Sepals sometimes 5,
reflexing. Stamens 10-many. Pods often verrucosely rugose. From
Hymenaea it is most readily distinguished by the character of the
inflorescence.
Leaflets opaque or nearly; pedicels 6-8 mm. long. .C. bauhiniaefolia.
Leaflets lustrous; pedicels often 12 mm. long C. Martiana.
Cynometra bauhiniaefolia Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2:
99. 1840; 246.
Glabrous except for the younger much-branching branchlets and
the short subsessile axillary racemes, these particularly more or less
tomentulose; leaflets small, commonly only 3 cm. long, half as wide
or smaller, somewhat oblique and very obtuse, venose and with
2-3 nerves; rachis of racemes rarely longer than 2 mm.; sepals
petaloid, 3 mm. long, equaling the petals; pods sessile, densely
verrucose, ellipsoid, slightly oblique, 1.5 cm. long, 1 cm. thick.
C. parvifolia Tul. has leaflets 1-1.5 cm. long, 2-5 mm. broad; it
extends from the Guianas to the Amazon region.
Loreto: Rio Itaya, Williams 40. Iquitos, Williams 8142. Pro,
Williams 1984. Argentina to Central America and the Guianas.
"Ampi jacu."
122 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Cynometra Martiana (Hayne) Baillon, Hist. PI. 2: 164. 1870,
by inference. Trachylobium Martianum Hayne, Flora 10: 744. 1827;
Arzneigew. 11: pi. 17. 1830. C. Spruceana Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras.
15, pt. 2: 247. pi 65. 1870.
Small tree resembling C. bauhiniaefolia but the leaflets obovate-
oblong, shortly acuminate but rather obtusely so, 3-10 cm. long,
nearly evenose beneath, the nerves prominent and the looser racemes
rusty- villous, their rachi 12-20 mm. long, nearly equaled by the
slender pedicels; sepals to 4 mm. long; pods obliquely ovoid, rugose,
tomentulose, nearly 2.5 cm. long, to 18 mm. thick. C. racemosa
Benth., 246, upper Amazonian, seems to be similar but has obovate
leaflets that are not at all acuminate, even emarginate. Benth.,
I.e. 248, distinguished from the Amazon region var. procera Benth.,
tree 30 meters high, the leaflets less coriaceous and var. (l)macrophylla
Benth., the leaflets to 1 dm. long, the primary veins conspicuous
beneath, the racemes and pedicels longer. Harms referred the
Tessmann collection here as "var."
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 1448; 1416. Iquitos, Tessmann 3636.
Brazil.
4. CRUDIA Schreb.
Unarmed trees with imparipinnate leaves, the leaflets alternate,
and small flowers borne in racemes terminating the branchlets.
Stipules and bracts caducous or sometimes f oliaceous or membranous
and rather persistent. Calyx tube short with 4 membranous im-
bricate sepals that reflex in anthesis. Petals none. Stamens usually
10, free, the ovate or oblong anthers on filiform filaments. Ovary
stiped, free or adnate; style filiform with small terminal stigma.
Pod obliquely orbicular ovate or broadly oblong, piano-compressed,
rigid, the margin often thickened. Seeds 1 or 2, laterally emarginated
at hilum, the cotyledons plane, the radicle short, straight, included;
albumin none. Name at one time was written "Crudya," conserved
as Crudia.
Crudia glaberrima (Steud.) Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 59: 20.
1919; 238. Hirtella glaberrima Steud. Flora 26: 761. 1843. C. obliqua
Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 216. 1860. Apalatoa glaberrima (Steud.)
Taub. Bot. Centralbl. 47: 394. 1891.
Glabrous or essentially except the racemes, these shortly
peduncled, usually finely puberulent; stipules linear, 1 cm. long,
deciduous; leaflets on most leaves 6-9 pairs, obliquely oblong-elliptic
or slightly obliquely obovate, more or less abruptly acuminate,
FLORA OF PERU 123
usually 7-10 (15) cm. long, 3-4 (7) cm. wide, chartaceous, reticulate-
veined, the midnerve little excentric; racemes often 1-1.5 dm. long,
the small bracts and bractlets caducous; pedicels 3-4 mm. long;
flowers white, the glabrous or puberulent sepals 4-5 mm. long, the
stamens well exserted; ovary reddish-brown villous; pods subsessile,
ovate to oblong, 1 to nearly 2 dm. long, half as broad, rigid, coarsely
nerved, rusty-tomentose with 1 or sometimes 2 large seeds. Ducke
has proposed C. aequalis, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 91. 1922,
for a similar tree but the flowering pedicels 7-12 mm. long, the
leaflets rather oblong, commonly 6-12 cm. long, about half as
broad; better marked are C. amazonica Spruce, 328, C. pubescens
Spruce, 240, the former with 9-13 narrowly oblong glabrous or nearly
glabrous leaflets, the latter with 6-9 oblong leaflets, softly puberulent
both sides. The other Amazonian species possibly extending into
Peru is C. bracteata Benth., the densely flowered racemes with con-
spicuous persisting bracts and bractlets. Said to attain 10-15
meters. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi 62.
Loreto: Yurimaguas, Williams 4176 A (det. Harms, C. Parivoa
DC.). To Trinidad. "Pisho."
Crudia tomentosa (Aubl.) Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 59: 20.
1919. Parivoa tomentosa Aubl. PI. Guian. 2: 759. pi. 304. 1775.
C. Parivoa DC. Prodr. 2: 520. 1825. Apalatoa tomentosa (Aubl.)
Taub. Bot. Centralbl. 47: 394. 1891.
Branches and branchlets tortuous; leaflets 3-5, subsessile, ovate-
rhombic, acute, glabrous, the midnerve strongly excentric; pods
ovoid, to 6 cm. long, 4 cm. broad, moderately reddish-brown-tomen-
tose. Except for the fewer leaflets, these becoming 6-11 cm. long,
half as broad, the species seems to be similar to C. glaberrima. The
Williams specimen which Harms referred here had 6 leaflets on one
of the two leaves. F.M. Neg. 7012 (Parivoa).
Peru (cf. note above). French Guiana; Brazil (fide Ducke).
5. PELTOGYNE Vog.
Trees with small deciduous stipules, bifoliate leaves and often
rather conspicuous and sericeous pubescent flowers borne in terminal
or upper axillary or often corymbose panicles. Sepals 4, imbricate,
the calyx-tube campanulate or obsolete. Petals 5, somewhat un-
equal, the twice as many stamens free, the filiform filaments curved
in bud, the versatile ovate anthers dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary
stiped, adnate, or the ovary subsessile and then free. Style more or
124 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
less elongate with dilated slightly lobed terminal stigma. Pods
flattened, finally coriaceous, the upper suture sometimes narrowly
winged, dehiscent or indehiscent, rarely 2-seeded, the seeds not
enclosed in pulp or albuminate, sometimes with a small arillus.
This genus furnishes the well-known wood "purpleheart," re-
ferring to the beautiful heartwood, purple or violet in color. One
species, P. paradoxa Ducke, "coata-quicaua," is noteworthy for a
wax on the leaves (cf. Paul Ledoux, Mission Biol. Beige au Bre"sil
2: 188-195 with 5 pis. 1929). Curiously enough although there are
as many as 14 species known from the Amazonian region cf . Ducke,
Trop. Woods 54: 1-7, for a key to these and citation of publication
together with a few notes on each species apparently none have
been found as yet within Peru. The following species and probably
others must occur at least as isolated examples.
Peltogyne altissima Ducke, Bull. Mus. Paris se>. 2. 4: 726. 1932.
A tall tree with smooth reddish bark, glabrous except the panicles;
petiolules 8-10 mm. long; leaflets 6-9 cm. long, about half as broad,
more or less subfalcately obovate-oblong, unequal at the obtuse base,
long and abruptly acuminate, thin-coriaceous, lustrous and subcon-
color both sides, above distinctly, beneath obsoletely venulose;
panicles densely flowered, only the youngest portions of the rachi
rusty-pilose, the pedicels at most 2 mm. long, the bractlets finely
yellowish-sericeous, promptly caducous; calyx within and without
densely yellowish-sericeous, the tube about 3 mm. long, subequaled
by the stipe, the segments about 6 mm. long, scarcely 4 mm. broad;
petals white to 8 mm. long, linear spathulate, eglandular, the larger
white glabrous stamen nearly 2 cm. long; ovary shortly stiped, gla-
brous. Attains 50 meters, the wood becoming light violet; found in
upland forests as near as Sao Paulo de Olivenga, it is to be expected
in Peru.
Peru (probably). Brazil.
6. HYMENAEA L.
Reference: Ducke, Ann. Acad. Bras. Sci. 7: 203-211. 1935.
Usually large trees, with heavy but pellucid-punctate leaves con-
sisting of 1 pair of leaflets, in this respect simulating some species
of Bauhinia but the calyx divided nearly to base, the imbricate
segments 4. Petals 5, somewhat unequal, spathulate. Stamens 10,
free. Ovary stipe adnate; style filiform with small terminal stigma.
Pods fleshy, indehiscent, the seeds exalbuminous. The closely
FLORA OF PERU 125
related group Peltogyne Vog. has dilated lobed stigma and glabrous
pod little longer than broad. Foliage simulates some Macrolobiums.
Courbaril supplies the resin copal or "jutahycica" exported from
the Amazon; it is dug up from the base of the trees, and at one time
was said to make the finest varnish; cf. Le Cointe, Amaz. Bras. 3,
Arvores e Plantas Uteis, 1934.
Leaves glabrous.
Ovary glabrous H. Courbaril.
Ovary pubescent H. oblongifolia.
Leaves densely pubescent beneath H. palustris.
Hymenaea Courbaril L. Sp. PL 1192. 1753.
Glossy bifoliate-leaved tree sometimes attaining 30 meters;
stipules deciduous as the leaves develop, to 3 cm. long; leaflets
subsessile, falcately or obliquely ovate-oblong, typically acute, 5-10
cm. long, 2-A cm. wide; panicles usually short, corymbose; bracts
and bractlets orbicular; sepals thick, tomentulose both sides, to
1.5 cm. long, the narrowly campanulate tube a third as long; petals
glabrous, 1.5 cm. long and a third as wide; pod typically rather
compressed and stiped or, in var. subsessilis Ducke, subcylindric
(leaflets acute) as also in var. obtusifolia Ducke, several cm. long,
nearly half as thick, with 2 or more seeds surrounded by a mealy
edible pulp.
Rio Acre: Near mouth of Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5519. Brazil
to West Indies and Colombia. "Courbaril."
Hymenaea oblongifolia Huber, Bol. Mus. Goeldi 5: 386. 1909.
A large tree, the branches with longitudinally fissured bark;
petioles 2-2.5 cm. long; leaflets elongate oblong scarcely falcate,
rounded or obscurely acuminate, strongly inequilateral at base,
12-14 cm. long, 4.5 cm. broad, coriaceous, lustrous both sides, the
nerves prominent beneath, the veins immersed; racemes finally to
12 cm. long, laxly panicled, yellowish tomentulose, the suborbicular
bracts and bractlets 5 mm. long, promptly caducous, pedicels scarcely
3 mm. long; calyx tube broadly obconic, less than half as long as
the broadly ovate sericeous tomentulose lobes, these about 8 mm.
long; petals glabrous, slightly reddish, oblanceolate, 12 mm. long,
5 mm. broad; stamens 18 mm. long; ovary distinctly hirsute, base
to apex, the glabrous style scarcely 1 cm. long. F.M. Neg. 28094.
126 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Loreto: Florida, 10 meters high, flowers cream and rose, Klug
2291. Mishuyacu, Klug 1339 (det. Killip). Rio Acre: Rio Macau-
han, Krukoff5472. Brazil. "Jutahy."
Hymenaea palustris Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 1:
24. 1915.
Similar to H. oblongifolia but strikingly distinct by the dense
lustrous reddish pilosity that covers the leaves beneath; leaflets
lustrous but slightly pilose above, acute or obtuse, to 16 cm. long,
4.5 cm. broad; pedicels to 2 mm. long; petals slightly greenish;
stamens to 15 mm. long; fruit subcompressed-ovoid, 5.5 cm. long,
about 2.5 cm. thick. Tree 20-40 meters high with straight trunk,
the crown almost flat, clear of limbs for almost two-thirds the height
and with small buttresses. The brown bean-like seeds are imbedded
in a mealy sweet edible pulp to which the Spanish-Quechua name
"sugar-fruit" refers; the timber is of good quality (Williams).
H. adenotricha Ducke, I.e. 6: 21. 1933, known from one tree as near
as Sao Paulo de Olivenca, Brazil, is similar but the trichomes on the
leaves beneath are glandular at base, the flowers white and the ovary
pubescent only on one side at apex. F.M. Neg. 28095.
Loreto: Stream banks and dense forests, Rio Itaya, Williams
2053 (det. Harms); 3453. Brazil. "Azucar-huayo."
7. TACHIGALIA Aubl.
Smooth shrubs or trees becoming tall, the ample leaves abruptly
pinnate with coriaceous opposite leaflets, their rachi often angled,
the small or medium-sized flowers racemose or spicate in terminal
or subterminal panicles, or the inflorescence simple. Bracts narrow,
caducous, bractlets none. Calyx-tube short but strongly oblique,
the 5 unequal sepals imbricate. Petals 5, subequal, clawed, often
villous within as are usually the 10 stamens toward the bases of the
filaments, the upper 3 of them ordinarily thicker or shorter. Ovary
stipe more or less adnate. Pods flat, oblong, indehiscent, the few
seeds with thin albumin and cotyledons, the latter foliaceous.
Spelled Tachigali by Aublet. Nearly Sclerolobium except for the
oblique calyx and the adnate stipe of the ovary.
Known as "tachi" or "tachizeiro" in allusion to the ants (species
of Pseudomyrma or Azteca according to Ducke) that inhabit the
inflated petioles or inflorescence rachi of many species. Apparently
the inflated portions are peculiar to certain species but seemingly
too many have been described and the following key is therefore
FLORA OF PERU 127
only suggestive; however, fruit of few species is as yet known and
the much-needed revision of the group may disclose specific floral
differences. It is probable that the species of Tulasne, Arch. Mus.
Paris 4: 163 et al., reduced by Bentham should be reconsidered.
Petioles, at least some of them, often also the leaf-rachi, more or
less inflated (cf. T. paniculata).
Leaflets silvery-sericeous both sides, 3-4 pairs T. cavipes.
Leaflets pubescent beneath or glabrous, or at least green-colored
in age, 4-6 pairs.
Leaflets very oblique, the midnerve strongly excentric; petals
long hirsute within T. formicarum.
Leaflets little oblique, the midnerve slightly excentric; petals
lightly hirsute within T. Tessmannii.
Petioles not inflated but sometimes hollow.
Petals pale yellow or whitish; calyx- tube 7 mm. long or shorter.
Leaflets 4-8 pairs; stamens 8-10 mm. long T. paniculata.
Leaflets 7-15 pairs; stamens about 5 mm. long. . .T. polyphylla.
Petals orange; calyx-tube 10 mm. long T. longiflora.
Tachigalia cavipes (Spruce) Macbr., comb. nov. T. paniculata
Aubl. var. cavipes Spruce ex Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: 229.
1870.
Tree, the angled branchlets, petioles and leaflets uniformly seri-
ceous with closely appressed trichomes, these lustrous or less so in
age; stipules foliaceous, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, to 1.5 cm.
long, subpersistent; petioles grooved above, medially inflated;
petiolules about 4 mm. long; leaflets strongly oblique, oblong-
lanceolate, rounded or somewhat acute at base, gradually acuminate,
mostly 8-14 cm. long, 2.5-3.5 (4) cm. broad, subcoriaceous; pedicels
3-4 mm. long; calyx- tube about 7 mm. long, equaled by the reflexed
lobes, these appressed-sericeous both sides; petals 5 mm. long, densely
appressed-hirsute within except around the margins; stamens 9 mm.
long; pods shortly stiped, oblong, minutely and very sparsely pubes-
cent, opaque, 6 cm. long, 2 cm. broad. Amshoff has referred this
tree to T. glauca Tul. Arch. Mus. Paris 4: 162. 1840, from Surinam
but it seems probable that the species of Tulasne described as having
terete petioles is not the same. Rather similar Amazonian species
include T. ptychophysca Spruce, 229, well marked by the 3^1 pli-
nerved leaflets, these 5-8 pairs becoming glabrate; T. myrmecophila
Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 1: 30. 1915; I.e. 3: 91. 1922,
128 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
petiolules 6-10 mm. long, petals only slightly hirsute within down
the middle; T. rigida Ducke, Archiv. Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio Jan. 4:
12. 1938, including var. argentata Ducke, I.e., the pubescence not
uniform, the leaflets rigid-coriaceous, the nerves with longer tri-
chomes. F.M. Neg. 1533.
Loreto: Palta-Cocha, on the upper Rio Nanay, Williams 3192
(det. Harms). Brazil. "Caracha-caspi."
Tachigalia formicarum Harms, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb.
48: 164. 1907.
Branchlets as the petioles and leaflets beneath minutely appressed-
puberulent or nearly glabrous; petioles acutely triangular, more or
less inflated near the base; leaflets 4-6 pairs (petiolules 4-6 mm.
long), oblong or the smaller ovate-oblong, unequally rounded or
obtuse at base, acute or very shortly acuminate, 7-20 cm. long, 3-5.5
cm. broad, pinnately nerved, the midnerve of the larger strongly
excentric, minutely reticulate-veined and lustrous and equally green
both sides; stipules foliaceous, subpersisting, sometimes pinnately
lobed; panicles ample, rusty-puberulent, the spikes very densely
flowered, the flowers sessile; sepals 4-5 mm. long, about as long as
the tube, pubescent both sides; petals about 4 mm. long, hirsute
within, scarcely exceeded by the stamens, these hirsute at base.
The type from a tree about 20 meters high, the flowers yellowish.
T. carinata Gleason, Bull. Torrey Club 60: 354. 1933, from Matto
Grosso, Brazil, may be distinguished, fide the author, by its con-
spicuously lobed stipules, 7-9 pairs of leaflets, elongate canescent
spikes, petals 7 mm. long. F.M. Neg. 1531.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Ule 6538, type. Loreto: Canchahuaya,
(Huber). Palta-Cocha, on the upper Rio Nanay, Williams 3192
(in part).
Tachigalia longiflora Ducke, Archiv. Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio
Jan. 2: 38. 1935.
Small tree, glabrous except for a minute puberulence on the
branchlet tips and a dense rusty indument on the simple or sparsely
branched racemes; petioles and rachis often more than 4 dm. long,
triangular, usually partly excavated by ants; leaflets 4-9 pairs,
shortly and stoutly petiolulate, commonly 1-2 dm. long, 4-6 cm.
broad, obliquely or ovate-oblong, rounded or cordate at base, long
acuminate, coriaceous, reticulate-veined and somewhat lustrous
both sides, a little paler beneath; pedicels short, stout, the calyx-
FLORA OF PERU 129
tube to 10 mm. long, the segments nearly as long, the inner ones
much narrower; petals about 10 mm. long, glabrous except within
at base. Affine according to the author T. multijuga Benth. with
subterete petioles, leaflets 9-15 pairs, the panicles ample, the inner
calyx segments not petaloid. T. grandiflora Huber, Bol. Mus.
Goeldi 5: 388. 1909, and T. macrostachya Huber, I.e., also have large
orange-yellow flowers but both have a shorter calyx-tube and more
than 15 (instead of 7) stamens; the former has oblong leaflets, obtuse
or rounded at base, acutely acuminate, minutely puberulent both
sides, the latter glabrous leaflets cordate at base, shortly and obtusely
acuminate. The type of the Ducke species being as near Peru as
Sao Paulo de Olivenca is to be expected within Peru.
Peru (probably). Brazil.
Tachigalia paniculata Aubl. PI. Guian. 1: 372. pi.
1775; 228.
Shrub or tree with angled branchlets and acutely angled or some-
times nearly winged petioles, both as usually the leaflets beneath
at least before maturity minutely puberulent; stipules foliaceous,
trifoliate or pinnate; leaflets usually 7 pairs (5-8), oblong (or in
Peru, ovate-oblong), obliquely rounded at base, gradually acuminate,
7-15 (19) cm. long, 3-4.5 (7.5) cm. broad, subcoriaceous, finely
reticulate- veined both sides, the midnerve slightly excentric; racemes
few, often becoming 2-3 dm. long, angled, puberulent; pedicels 2-5
mm. long, calyx-tube strongly oblique, the sepals 4-7 mm. long;
petals yellow, rusty-pilose within medially; stamens declinate, 8 mm.
long; pods membranous, oblong, shortly stiped, glabrate in age, 6-9
cm. long, 1.5-2 cm. broad. T. alba Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot.
Rio Jan. 3: 92. 1922, to which Krukoff 5586 has been referred in
herbaria (but this specimen has acute-angled petioles) is according
to the author distinguishable from the Aublet tree by its much
greater size (25-35 meters high), white bark, branchlets and leaflets
glabrous even the younger, petioles slender, terete, narrowly grooved
above, panicles often to 5 dm. high, flowers smaller, petals whitish,
very sparsely pilose. T. grandistipulata Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart.
Berlin 6: 304. 1915, has the younger leaves sericeous both sides,
glabrate above in age and stipules 2.5-6 cm. long and with a lateral
smaller leaflet. Determinations by Harms except the Schunke
specimen. F.M. Negs. 21913; 32088.
Loreto: Near Iquitos, King 1027; 1447; Tessmann 3666. Leticia,
Vie 6196. Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 26. Rio Acre: Mouth of Rio
Macauhan, Krukoff 5586. Brazil to the Guianas. "Tachi branco."
130 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Tachigalia polyphylla Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 60.
pi. 265. 1845; 230.
Tree, the densely leafy branchlets angled or slightly compressed,
minutely and deciduously rusty-puberulent; stipules caducous;
petioles semi-terete or compressed below, obtuse, tetragonous,
deeply sulcate to terete at tips; leaflets 9-15 pairs, oblong, strongly
oblique at base, acuminate, subcoriaceous, very sparsely and minutely
pubescent above except on the excentric midnerve, more densely
puberulent beneath and discolored, mostly 10-12 cm. long, about
3 cm. broad; pedicels scarcely 1 mm. long; calyx 5 mm. long, sericeous,
the lobes and tubes subequal, the former little exceeded by the petals,
these rather densely pilose within; stamens only about 4 mm. long.
Attains 25 meters or more, the trunk straight, round, the bark
rough, the wood very hard, white (Poeppig). Allied according to
Bentham to T. multijuga Benth. but the flowers smaller, the calyx
scarcely attenuate at base. It is probable that the flowers may be
somewhat larger than described, the stamens longer.
Peru (probably). Amazonian Brazil.
Tachigalia Tessmannii Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9:
967. 1926.
Resembles T. formicarum; branchlets glabrous; leaflets more or
less oblique, abruptly and shortly acuminate, obscurely if at all
puberulent beneath, chartaceous, the midnerve subcentral or moder-
ately excentric. Trunk diameter of the type 2 dm., the strongly
inflated petioles filled with ants, the stings of which are extremely
painful (Tessmann). T. Ulei Harms, I.e. 6: 306. 1915, has 3^
pairs of oblong gradually acuminate leaflets. T. grandistipulata
Harms, I.e. 304, noted under T. paniculata might be sought here
on account of its somewhat hollowed and enlarged petioles. F.M.
Neg. 1538.
Loreto: Puerto Mele"ndez, below Pongo de Manseriche, flood-
free wood, Tessmann 4753, type.
8. TAMARINDUS L.
Related to and resembling Macrolobium, the cultivated Tamarind
may be known by its imparipinnate leaves, the numerous leaflets
small, and by its rather Cassia-like flowers, the petals however only
3, the two lower rudimentary and pinkish or red-veined, the fertile
stamens the same number, their filaments united. Bractlets char-
FLORA OF PERU 131
taceous. Pods indehiscent, narrowly oblong with thin brittle epicarp
and pulpy mesocarp.
Tamarindus indica L. Sp. PL 34. 1753; 227.
Glabrous except for the laxly flowered racemes, these several to
10 cm. long; leaflets 10-20 pairs, oblong, rounded or retuse, 1.5-2.5
cm. long, about 5 mm. wide; bracts and bractlets pink while en-
closing the buds; pedicels to 5 mm. long; sepals and petals 1 cm.
long; fruit 5-15 cm. long, 2-2.5 cm. thick, the pulp acid. A refresh-
ing drink is made from the pulp of the pods. Illustrated, Bot. Mag.
pi. 4563; Degener, Fl. Hawaii.
Peru: Cultivated. Africa.
9. BROWNEA Jacq.
Browneopsis Huber, Bol. Mus. Goeldi 4: 565. 1906.
Reference: Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 145-157. 1916.
Smooth trees, the stems often weak and low or clambering, the
leaves abruptly pinnate with subcoriaceous usually caudate leaflets,
the flowers showy, red or whitish and borne in short racemes or
often in large heads on the trunks or at the tips of short branchlets
more or less concealed in the foliage. Stipules foliaceous, sometimes
colored, caducous. Bracts and bractlets (these sometimes lacking)
often colored, the former caducous, the latter if present more or
less connate and enclosing (as a sheath) the turbinate-campanulate
calyx, this with usually 4 petaloid imbricated segments. Petals
and stamens exserted, the former 5, or only 3-4 and ligulate or even
obsolete, ovate or oblong, imbricated, subequal, the latter 10-15
(20) free or somewhat united below the middle, the anthers uniform,
oblong, longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary stiped, adnate to calyx-
tube, many-ovuled, the filiform style with terminal capitate stigma.
Pods oblong or elongate, piano-compressed, the upper suture often
enlarged. Seeds transverse, ovate, much flattened, exarillate, with-
out albumen, the cotyledons thin, the radicle short, straight,
included. Elizabethea Schomb. has 3 fertile stamens, 5-7 staminodes
(sometimes imperfectly antheriferous), 3-5 petals, one or more some-
times greatly reduced.
Cultivated as "rosa de montana."
Leaf-rachis or at least the branchlets more or less densely villous;
leaflets more than 4 pairs; stamens 10 or 11.
Petals to 1.5 cm. broad, obovate-spathulate B. ariza.
132 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Petals twice as broad B. Macbrideana.
Leaf-rachis glabrous or merely puberulent; stamens 10-20.
Leaflets 8-14 pairs; connate bractlets (sheath) present.
B. loretensis.
Leaflets 2-4 pairs; bractlets lacking or separate.
Leaflets about a third as broad as long; petals 3 or 4, rudimentary
and ligulate, sessile.
Leaflets 2 (3) pairs; outer bracts glabrous; sepals sericeous.
B. cauliflora.
Leaflets 3-4 pairs; bracts tomentose; sepals sparsely puberu-
lent B. ucayalina.
Leaflets 7-15 cm. long, half as broad; petals 4; clawed bractlets
or sepals 2 B. peruviana.
Brownea ariza Benth. PI. Hartw. 171. 1857; 150.
Young branchlets as also the leaf-rachis at first ashy or rusty-
villous, the latter becoming glabrous or more or less verruculose;
petiolules to 6 mm. long; leaflets usually 6-10 pairs, all except some-
times the considerably smaller lowest ones oblong-elliptic, abruptly
caudate-acuminate, the acumen slender, obliquely marginate at
base, 8-16 cm. long, 2-5 cm. broad; inflorescence axillary or terminal,
the rachis more or less pubescent, the pinkish bracts ashy-tomentose
without, the basal ones about 4 cm. long; pedicels pubescent, 7-8
mm. long; sheath 2.5 cm. long, puberulent, bilabiate, the lobes
subacute; receptacle tube 17 mm. long, glabrous without, pubescent
within; sepals 4, 18 mm. long, the anterior one 15, the others 8 mm.
broad; petals about 3.5 cm. long, 13 mm. broad, the lateral narrower
with long and slender claw; stamens 11, free or somewhat connate and
pubescent below, to 4 cm. long; pods compressed, sulcate on the dorsal
suture, bisulcate on the ventral, hirsute-tomentose, 4-seeded, 15-18
cm. long, 4.5-5 cm. broad, on pedicels 2.5 cm. long, often surrounded
by the persistent bractlets, the stipe 7 mm. long; seeds elliptic-ovate,
depressed, 5 cm. long, half as broad, about a third as thick, rugose-
striate. Tree sometimes attaining 20 meters. Sulcate branchlets
are a characteristic of B. grandiceps Jacq., similar tree of Venezuela,
the rachis of the leaves more permanently pubescent, petals 2 cm.
broad, but the species are sometimes distinguishable with difficulty
and, according to Ducke, hybridize. This author suggests that
B. negrensis Benth. (actually of the upper Amazon) is based upon
an incomplete specimen of Jacquin's species, the upper leaves of
FLORA OF PERU 133
which may have only 2 pairs of leaflets. Description after Pittier.
Illustrated, Pittier, I.e. pis. 59-62.
Peru (perhaps). To Panama. "Monterillo," "palo-de-cruz,"
"fanise-ey" (Huitoto).
Brownea cauliflora Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 82. pi.
292. 1845. Browneopsis cauliflora (Poepp. & Endl.) Huber, Bol. Mus.
Goeldi 4: 567. 1906.
Glabrous tree with branches lax, the branchlets terete, punctulate;
petioles 4 mm. long, rugulose; leaflets 2, rarely 3 pairs, sometimes
solitary, oblong-elliptic, obtusely acuminate, slightly narrowed and
obliquely obtuse at base, the larger 2 dm. long, about 7 cm. broad,
membranous, eglandular, pale green, scarcely lustrous above, opaque
beneath, the nerves rather prominent; flowers in subglobose heads,
solitary or several on the trunks or short branchlets, densely bracteate
with subrotund or broadly ovate obtuse finely striate glabrous
purplish bracts, the inner membranous, appressed-tomentose both
sides, roseate; flowers many, with the stamens more than 5 cm. long,
bractlets promptly deciduous; calyx- tube obovate, subtetragynous,
subhirsute at throat, glabrous without, 6 mm. long, the segments
erect, scarcely clawed, oblong-obovate, often slightly connate,
glabrous within, lustrous-pubescent without; stamens 15-20, nearly
three times longer than the petals, all fertile, filaments connate
below, glabrous; ovary reddish-pubescent, the style glabrous; pods
pendent, 2 dm. long, 3 cm. broad, the dorsal suture broadly margined,
the valves coriaceous, puberulent, transversely rugulose, with 6 or
7 compressed lustrous seeds. F.M. Neg. 1555.
Loreto: Yurimaguas, Poeppig 2314, type. San Martin: Juanjui,
tree 8 meters high with red-brown and yellow flowers, Klug 1+163
(probably).
Brownea loretensis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 22: 144. 1940.
Glabrous or essentially, except the capitate inflorescences, the
slender subterete branchlets tuberculate-lenticellate; petioles 2-3.5
cm. long, the markedly slender dark-colored lustrous leaf-rachis
8-18 cm. long, the alternate or subopposite 8-14 pairs of narrowly
oblong leaflets on petiolules about 3 mm. long; leaflets sometimes
oblanceolate, rounded at base, beautifully abruptly caudate acumi-
nate (the nearly linear acumen nearly 2.5 cm. long), mostly 7-11
cm. long, 2-3 cm. broad, subcoriaceous, glabrous and somewhat
lustrous above, slightly paler, opaque and finely venulose beneath,
134 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
the slender midnerve sparsely hispid or glabrous; inflorescence
terminal, many-flowered, the rachis 3.5 cm. long, densely rusty-
tomentose; outer bracts subrotund, sericeous, pubescent, the inner
obovate spathulate, 4 cm. long, 1.5 cm. broad, rusty-tomentulose
both sides, as also the bractlets without, these 22 mm. long, connate
to the middle; calyces 4.5 cm. long, glabrous or very sparsely pilose,
the segments spathulate oblong; petals to 6.5 cm. long, red apiculate
at the rounded tip. Type from a tree 10 meters high, the trunk
about 15 cm. in diameter. Pedicels 5-10 mm. long; the inflorescence
reminds one of the large-flowered Bomareas; the author ventures no
suggestion as to relationship. B. Herthae Harms, Notizbl. Bot.
Gart. Berlin 14: 30. 1938, Ecuadorian, has calyx-tube extremely
narrow, much larger leaflets; B. multijuga and B. stenantha, both
Britton & Killip species of Colombia, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 35:
168. 1936, may be related but the latter has leaflets puberulent
beneath, the former quadrangular rachis.
Loreto: Rio Mazan, on rising ground, Jose Schunke 11, type.
Florida, Klug 2188 (inflorescence young, congested). "Palo de cruz."
Brownea Macbrideana Standl., spec. nov.
Arbor 12-metralis; folia magna, fere sessilia, rhachi crassa
dense sordido-tomentosa; foliola ca. 12 insigniter inaequalia crasse
petiolulata crasse membranacea longe caudato-acuminata, supra
lucida glabrata, subtus glauca primo adpresso-tomentulosa, serius
glabrata; foliola terminalia oblanceolato-oblonga ca. 26 cm. longa
atque 9 cm. lata, basi obtusa vel angusterotundata; foliola inferiora
breviora, infima late ovata basi cordata ca. 10 cm. longa atque 6.5
cm. lata; inflorescentia perfecta non visa; calyx fere tubulosus
superne dilatatus 4.5 cm. longus dense adpresso-tomentulosus
breviter lobatus; petala magna lataque 1 cm. longe unguiculata,
ovalia vel suborbicularia ca. 4.5 cm. longa et 3 cm. lata glabra,
apice late rotundata; vagina staminalis 1.5 cm. longa laxe tomentosa
vel supra glabrata, filamentis ca. 8 cm. longis glabris; antherae 4
mm. longae. Flowers fire-red. The species is related to B. grandi-
ceps Jacq., which, however, has petals 2 cm. wide or narrower.
Loreto: Florida, Rio Putumayo, at mouth of Rio Zubineta, in
forest, altitude about 200 meters, G. Klug 2035 (type in Herb.
Field Mus.). "Cacao silvestre."
Brownea peruviana Macbr., spec. nov.
Arbor 5-8 m. alta glabra; ramulis teretibus tenuibus; petiolis
8-12 mm. longis, petiolulis 2-3 mm. longis; foliolis 1-2 jugis valde
FLORA OF PERU 135
oblique ellipticis basi acutis, apice subabrupte caudato-acuminatis
8 vel 15 cm. longis, 3.5-4 vel 7 cm. latis plus minusve rigide chartaceis,
vix nitidulis utrinque satis prominenter reticulate- venulosis; floribus
paucis sessilibus bracteis valde concavis, glabris, 1-2 cm. longis,
6-10 mm. latis; receptaculis campanulatis 4 mm. longis, leviter
pilosis; bracteolis(?) 2 coloratis petaloideis late ovato-ellipticis circa
1.5 cm. longis, 1 cm. latis; petalis 4, obovatis longe angusteque
unguiculatis 16 mm. longis, 2 majoribus 6 mm. latis, 2 minoribus
3-4 mm. latis; staminibus 11 glabris ad basin satis connatis 3 cm.
longis, antheris fere 4 mm. longis; ovario breviter stipitato (stipite
calycem tubo hinc adnato) dense fulvo-villoso. With the facies
of Brownea but perhaps incorrectly placed here; the material is not
ample but evidently there are only 4 petals; I may not have succeeded
in determining accurately the structure of the flower and bractlets;
the sepals perhaps have fallen but apparently the status is as de-
scribed and therefore the species is aberrant; in the segregate proposed
by Huber (Browneopsis) the petals are lacking or are rudimentary;
if they are absent here the sepals are narrowly long-clawed. The
calyx-tube is like that of B. cauliflora and B. ucayalina. B. excelsa
(Pittier) Macbr., comb. nov. (Browneopsis excelsa, Pittier, Contr.
U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 157. 1916), of Panama has petals attenuate
into a slender claw as in B. peruviana but there are also 4 sepals and
14-15 stamens. The specimens were distributed as Macrolobium sp.
San Martin: Juanjui, river bank, Klug 4391, type; 3810.
Brownea ucayalina (Huber) Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio
Jan. 4: 51. 1925. Browneopsis ucayalina Huber, Bol. Mus. Goeldi
4: 566. 1906.
A low or laxly growing tree, apparently from the description
similar to B. cauliflora but the leaflets ordinarily 4 pairs, less fre-
quently only 3, the bracts, even the outer, rusty-tomentulose, the
calyx-tube cylindrical or more or less obconic and the sepals minutely
and sparsely puberulent, the margins ciliate, glabrous within; petals
3 or 4, rudimentary, ligulate; stamens 12-15; pods rusty-tomentose,
18 cm. long, 3.5 cm. wide, the valves spirally contorted after dehis-
cence. There is a drawing of the flowering parts, Huber, I.e. 565.
Loreto: Paca, Rio Ucayali, (Huber 1566}.
10. MACROLOBIUM Schreb.
Vouapa Aublet; Pseudovouapa Britton & Killip.
Smooth trees with many of the characters of Brownea except
that the leaves are rarely somewhat imparipinnate (leaflets some-
136 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
times few or solitary), the stipules foliaceous or minute, the flowers
small or medium, yellow or usually white with red stamens and borne
in single terminal and axillary racemes or shortly fasciculate-panicu-
late, and especially, the bractlets spreading at anthesis, often en-
closing calyx (this rarely reduced), petal apparently only one, the
2 or 4 lower petals much smaller, scale-like or wanting, the perfect
stamens only 3 (7 staminodia or reduced or none), the pods little
if at all longer than broad, generally bivalvate and elastically dehis-
cent with few (or 1) large ovate or orbicular seeds. Eperua Aubl.
to be expected has 1 petal, 10 stamens, small or caducous bractlets,
large rigid pods.
According to Ducke, Trop. Woods 65: 21-31. 1941, "Revision of
the Macrolobium species of the Amazonian Hylaea," with key and
habital notes but without references or descriptions, none of the
species are true forest trees, except for isolated examples, but in
flower are conspicuous along shores in wet places or in more open
forest on higher ground. Besides the following a number of species
with 2 or more pairs of leaflets will probably be found within Peru.
Leaflets many, small.
Sepals and bractlets subequal; racemes villous-puberulent.
M. acaciaefolium.
Sepals much reduced; racemes pulverulent M. machaerioides.
Leaflets 2-3 pairs, medium M. microcalyx.
Leaflets 2, large.
Calyx-tube very short, much shorter than bractlets; flowers small.
Inflorescence distinctly puberulent.
Bracts and bractlets subequal, the former subpersisting.
M. chrysostachyum.
Bracts and bractlets unequal, the former minute, caducous.
M. bifolium.
Inflorescence glabrous.
Racemes short, congested; leaflets ample M. limbatum.
Racemes elongate, open; leaflets medium M. punctatum.
Calyx-tube narrow, about equaling bractlets; flowers to 2 cm. long.
Leaflets 2.5-4.5 cm. wide, 6-10 cm. long M. stenocladum.
Leaflets 4.5-8 cm. wide, 15-25 cm. long M. ischnocalyx.
Macrolobium acaciaefolium Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2:
224. 1870. Outea acaciaefolia Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2: 94. 1840.
FLORA OF PERU 137
Elegant tree glabrous at least at maturity but often the margined
rachis of the 15-30 foliate leaves and the branchlet tips more or
less puberulent, the short axillary racemes always ashy-tomentulose,
even including the bractlets; branchlets short, densely leafy; leaves
1-2 dm. long, the linear-oblong leaflets retuse at tips, 2-3 cm. long,
5 mm. wide, somewhat lustrous above, paler beneath, the veinlets
obscure; racemes more or less recurving, to 3 cm. long; pedicels
short, rarely 2 mm. long, bractlets ovate, obtuse, about 5 mm.
long, subequaled by the glabrous sepals; petal long-clawed, orbicu-
late, 7-8 mm. long; ovary 2-3-ovuled, shortly stiped, hirsute at the
suture, the pod glabrous, suborbicular, 4.5-6 cm. long, 1-seeded,
indehiscent. Flowers with red filaments. Slender tree 10-30 meters
high, developing best on flooded areas (Ducke); the trunk without
root insertion, the bark dark gray with vertical cracks and hand-
size scales densely covered with irregularly shaped lenticels (Amshoff).
Harms with query referred Williams 1098 to M. taxifolium Spruce
but the leaflets of that species are at most 2.5 cm. long and more
numerous, the stipules large and subpersisting; the species are very
similar if indeed distinct. M. brevense Ducke has distinctly lineate-
nerved leaflets, the branchlets and inflorescence, this to 5 cm. long,
gray-pilose; cf. Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 4: 51. 1925, for comparison
of it with M. Huberianum Ducke and M. gracile Benth., both with
indistinct or obsolete nervation, the former glabrous, its leaflets
7-24 mm. long; Ducke, Archiv. Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio Jan. 2: 40.
1935, has proposed yet another ally, M. longipedicellatum, glabrous
like M. Huberianum but stipules caducous, leaflets 10-15 pairs.
All of these, unless M. longipedicellatum, have, according to Ducke,
oblique-angled dehiscent pods.
Loreto: Caballo-Cocha, Williams 2420. Rio Nanay and Rio
Itaya, (Raimondi}. Iquitos, Tessmann 3673 (det. Harms). Mishu-
yacu, King 1417. Manfinfa, Williams 1098 (det. Harms, M. taxi-
folium Benth., probably). Rio Acre: On terra firma, near mouth of
Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5599. To Venezuela and the Guianas.
"Chavapallana," "pashaca," "pasha-quilla," "aripari," "arapary,"
"arapary da varzea," "faveira."
Macrolobium bifolium (Aubl.) Pers. Syn. PL 1: 39. 1805; 221.
Vouapa bifolia Aubl. PL Guian. 1: 25. pi. 7. 1775.
Glabrous except for the closely tomentulose racemes, these 2.5-
7.5 cm. long, variously borne but mostly axillary, erect or reflexed;
leaflets 2, sessile or subsessile, shortly, usually obtusely, acuminate,
138 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
oblique and more or less falcate, veiny, lustrous, commonly about
1 dm. long, 4 cm. wide or wider; bracts minute, promptly caducous,
the ovate bractlets to 6 mm. long; pedicels 2-4 mm. long; calyx-
tube shortly stiped, 3 mm. long, the segments 2-3 times as long,
obtuse, concave; petal about 1 cm. long, long-clawed, the orbicular
blade crisped; ovary tomentose; pods oblique, puberulent, 8-12 cm.
long, 5-7 cm. broad, the enlarged upper suture several-10 mm. wide.
Tree with grayish-brown bark, sometimes 20 meters high, the
branchlets many, the deciduous stipules linear, the flowers white
with red stamens. M. retusum Huber, Bol. Mus. Goeldi 7: 290.
1910, is marked by its broadly obovate retuse leaflets.
Peru(?) : "Amazonas," Tessmann 3658. To Bahia and Trinidad.
"Soliman," "machinmango."
Macrolobium chrysostachyum (Miq.) Benth. in Mart. Fl.
Bras. 15, pt. 2: 220. 1870. Vouapa chrysostachya Miq. Stirp. Surin.
Sel. 11. 1850.
Rather similar, especially in foliage, to M. bifolium but the
racemes hirtellous, the leaflets falcate-acute or acuminate and the
bracts conspicuously subpersisting and imbricate toward their tips;
bractlets as bracts ovate, tomentulose, 6 mm. long; pedicels about
2 mm. long; calyx subsessile, the sepals about twice as long; ovary
glabrate, the pod glabrous. Low tree, the grayish-brown bark
with roundish scales 2-20 cm. broad and with thickly set wart-like
brown lenticels (Amshoff). Flowers white; in the Klug and Schunke
specimens reported as reddish-brown; in the latter they are sessile;
both these collections seem rather to be M. bifolium but not com-
pared by me. F.M. Neg. 1545.
Loreto: Iquitos, Klug 1353 (affine, Harms). Rio Mazan, 16-
meter trunk 5 dm. in circumference, Jose Schunke 85; 329 (det.
Killip). Brazil to Venezuela and the Guianas.
Macrolobium ischnocalyx Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin
9: 968. 1926.
Small tree with glabrous branchlets and leaves, the latter with
1 pair of oblong-lanceolate, subcoriaceous leaflets, cuneate at base,
rather long acuminate, 2-2.5 dm. long, 4.5-7 cm. broad, opaque,
scarcely conspicuously reticulate- veined both sides; racemes 2-4 or
solitary at the apex of short branchlets, densely flowered, the minute
puberulence extending to the sepals; pedicels 3-6 mm. long; bractlets
obovate, apiculate, often high-connate, 10-11 mm. long, 5 mm.
FLORA OF PERU 139
broad; calyx-tube narrowly cylindrical, 10-12 mm. long, the pedicelli-
form portion 5-7 mm. long; sepals 4, subequal, nearly 1.5 cm. long,
5-6 mm. broad; petal membranous, shortly clawed, 2.5-3 cm. long
or longer, the margin erose; ovary minutely velutinous, the elongate
style puberulent only at base. Allied by the author to M. floridum
Karst. of Colombia with broader calyx-tube and shorter and broader
calyx-lobes; 2-3 meters high, the calyx according to Tessmann
yellow green, carmine within as also the flowers except the petal
which is white above. F.M. Neg. 1548.
Loreto: Mouth of Santiago, flood-free wood, Tessmann 4265,
type. Balsapuerto, Klug 2863; 3046 (det. Standl.).
Macrolobium limbatum Spruce ex Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras.
15, pt. 2: 218. 1870.
Slender tree glabrous even to the racemes, these short, solitary
or more often fascicled at the leafless nodes and the flowers corym-
bosely crowded, the inflorescence then only a cm. or so long; leaflets
2, shortly petioled, long-oblong, oblique at base, bluntly short-
pointed, sublustrous above, the prominent primary veins impressed
and strongly confluent within the margin, 2 dm. long, 8 cm. wide or
larger; pedicels 1.5-4 mm. long; bracts small, caducous; bractlets
obovate, 5 mm. long; calyx-tube scarcely stipitate, the obtuse
oblong membranous sepals 6 mm. long, the upper broader, exceeded
by the petal claw, the crisped obovate petal blade about 5 mm. long;
ovary glabrous or pilose, with 4 ovules. Pod resembles that of
M. bifolium (Ducke). The related and similar M. canaliculatum
Spruce has smaller oval-oblong, very obtuse leaves, venation obscure.
M. palustre Ducke has acute sepals shorter than the bractlets. Tree,
8 meters with white flowers, red stamens (Mexia). Illustrated, Mart.
Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi. 56.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 663; 418. Balsapuerto, Klug 2867.
Near Yurimaguas, Mexia 6088 (det. Standl.). Brazil. "Shimbillo."
Macrolobium machaerioides Killip & Macbr., spec. nov.
Arbor parva, ramulis novellis puberulentis; stipulis ovatis, acutis,
3 mm. longis; foliorum rachis dilatato-canaliculata, obscure pul-
verulenta et sparse ciliolata 12 cm. longa; foliolis 15-22 jugis oblongis,
apice emarginatis, basi valde inaequilateris glabris subtus pallidis
et venis mediocriter haud crebre prominentibus, 13-19 mm. longis,
6-7 mm. latis ad apicem paullo decrescentibus; racemis axillaribus,
erectis vel patentibus, 2.5 cm. longis minutissime pulverulentis;
140 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
bracteis minutis; pedicellis circa 0.5 mm. longis; bracteolis minute
strigillosis vix 4 mm. longis; calycis segmentis membranaceis valde
reductis; petalum circa 6 mm. longum; ovarium stipitatum hir-
sutulum. Apparently unique among species with many leaflets in
character of calyx; otherwise perhaps nearest M. venulosum Benth.
with leaflets mostly somewhat longer than 2 cm., their nervature
dense, racemes reflexed, ovary glabrous. Tree 2 meters high with
cream-colored flowers (Klug).
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 547 (type, U. S. Nat. Mus.).
Macrolobium microcalyx Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan.
6: 624. 1933.
Glabrous, except the usually solitary axillary racemes, these
finely tomentulose, 3-4 cm. long; leaf-rachis canaliculate with
usually 4 (sometimes 3) pairs of oblong leaflets, the larger 5 cm.
long, half as broad, obliquely inequilateral and obtuse at base, retuse
at apex, thick but flexible, with many approximate very fine nerves,
paler beneath; pedicels to 2 mm. long; bractlets 4-6 mm. long, ob-
long-acuminate, ashy puberulent at anthesis; calyx glabrous, the
tube shorter than 1 mm., the segments minute, membranous; petal
white, 7 or 8 mm. long; stamens purple, more than 1 cm. long, the
filaments sparsely ciliate below; ovary stiped, white villous; pods
(immature) glabrate, exceeding 10 cm. in length, 4 cm. in breadth.
Shrub or tree to 10 meters with white flowers.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 140; 387; 1043 (all det. Killip). Brazil.
Macrolobium punctatum Spruce ex Benth. in Mart. Fl.
Bras. 15, pt. 2: 219. 1870.
Glabrous throughout; leaflets 2, obliquely falcate-oblong, acumi-
nate, more or less decurrent into petiolules 6-10 mm. long, lustrous,
8-15 cm. long, about 3 cm. wide; racemes many-flowered, open,
the pedicels 2-3 mm. long; bractlets oblong, membranous, white,
8 mm. long; calyx-tube obliquely ovoid-oblong, 2 mm. long on stipe
as long, the obtuse oblong segments 8 mm. long; petals white (Spruce),
about 12 mm. long, obovate-rotund, contracted into a short biauricu-
late claw; ovary shortly stiped, glabrous; pod similar to that of
M. bifolium. Leaves in life according to Spruce pellucid-punctate.
Tree 10 meters, the flowers yellow (Klug). M. suaveolens Spruce
and M. pendulum Willd. of northern Brazil have subsessile leaflets,
with unequal calyx segments, the racemes of the former dense, the
bractlets obtuse, those of the latter loose, the bractlets very acute.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 717 (det. Harms). Brazil.
FLORA OF PERU 141
Macrolobium stenocladum Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin
9: 969. 1926.
Much like M. ischnocalyx but all parts smaller, the oblong lanceo-
late leaflets 4-10 cm. long, 2-4.5 cm. wide, the pedicels 2-3 cm. long,
the bractlets 7 mm. long, the calyx- tube 4-6 mm. long, the pedicelli-
form part 2-3 mm. long; sepals oblong, 9-11 mm. long. The type
from a tree 10 meters high, the bractlets and calyx bright green,
carmine striped within, the petals white except the base. F.M.
Neg. 1552.
Loreto: Mouth of the Santiago, Tessmann 4091, type.
11. APULEIA Mart.
Apoleya Gleason, Phytologia 1: 143. 1935.
Smooth trees with unequally pinnate leaves, the leaflets alternate,
coriaceous, and the small white often polygamous flowers borne in
axillary cymules before the leaves are fully developed. Stipules
as bracts minute or none, bractlets none. Calyx-tube shortly
turbinate, the lobes 3, strongly imbricate. Petals 3, subsessile,
oblong, narrowed at base, lightly imbricate, the stamens the same
number (rarely 2) their filaments abruptly attenuate at tip, their
anthers linear-oblong, basifixed, longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary
shortly stiped, the stipe adnate, 2-3-ovuled, the style thickish with
terminal truncate or dilated stigma. Pods obliquely ovate or oblong,
piano-compressed, subcoriaceous, indehiscent, narrowly winged along
upper suture. Seeds 1-2, transverse, ovate or orbicular, albuminous.
The generic name was originally written Apuleja Mart. Herb.
Fl. Bras. 123. 1837, and is thus in conflict with Apuleja Gaertn.
Fruct. 2: 439. 1791, which has resulted in Gleason, I.e., proposing
a new name. He did this however when there was an international
understanding that such cases should be submitted to a committee.
In fact this case was so analyzed in Kew Bull. 360: 1935: "considering
the fact that Apuleja Mart, is generally recognized while Apuleja
Gaertn. is a synonym of the earlier Berkheya Ehrh. it seems advisable
to conserve Apuleja Mart, with the accepted spelling Apuleia, since
i and j in Latin do not constitute different letters though of different
sound." Under the circumstances it seems improbable that Apuleia
Mart, will not be conserved (and with the accepted spelling) espe-
cially in view of the fact that Gleason's action was taken at a time
when he could have been informed that international agreement
for the handling of such duplications in names had been arranged.
A similar situation exists for Martia.
142 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Apuleia leiocarpa (Vog.) Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 59: 23.
1919; 177. Leptolobium(T) leiocarpum Vog. Linnaea 11: 393. June-
July 1837. A. praecox Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. 123. Nov. 1837.
Apoleya leiocarpa (Vog.) Gleason, Phytologia 1: 143. 1935.
Small tree or apparently sometimes at least 15 meters high with
slender white lenticellate branchlets that at flowering time are quite
leafless and then suggest somewhat Dalbergia, the flowers crowded
in shortly villous cymes at the leaf -nodes and tips of short branchlets;
expanding leaves lustrous-appressed-sericeous, especially the leaflets
beneath, these 5-11 pairs, at maturity glabrous above, paler and at
most minutely puberulent beneath or glabrous, reticulate-veined
and lustrous at least above, ovate-lanceolate or oblong-elliptic, often
somewhat acuminate but obtuse or even retuse, the larger 3-5 cm.
long, about 2 cm. broad, distinctly petiolulate; pedicels 4-6 mm.
long; calyx- tube scarcely 1 mm. long, the reflexed segments to
nearly 4 mm. long; petals narrowed at base, somewhat shorter than
the calyx; pods oval-suborbicular to 2.5 cm. long, about 12 mm.
broad, the wing 0.5 mm. wide, the stipe rather long. Illustrated,
Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi. 46.
Rio Acre: Near mouth of Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5542. To
Brazil and Argentina. "Garapo."
Apuleia molaris Spruce ex Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2:
177. 1870.
Distinguished from A. leiocarpa chiefly by the proportionately
broader leaflets, these 5-9 pairs, mostly broadly elliptic or ovate-
elliptic, finally 5-6 cm. long, 2.5-3 cm. wide or wider, obtusely and
very shortly if at all acuminate, sometimes retuse; pods obliquely
oblong, to 7 cm. long, 3 cm. broad, narrowed to the subsessile base,
rounded at tip, the style lateral, the wing 2-3 mm. broad, finally
glabrate. Attains 30 meters or more, the bark smooth rusty brown;
the very hard white and yellowish wood known as "ana" and used
for the rollers for grinding sugar cane (Spruce) ; also excellent, accord-
ing to Ducke, for canoes. F.M. Neg. 21796.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4881, type. Loreto: Yurimaguas,
Williams 4034- Amazonian Brazil to Venezuela. "Muira-juba"
or "pau mulato," "ana."
12. DIALIUM L.
Like Apuleia but cymes in axillary or terminal panicles, leaflets
sometimes membranous, calyx-tube obsolete with 5 sepals, petals
FLORA OF PERU 143
1 or 2 or lacking, stamens usually only 2, the anthers oblong, ovary
sessile or stiped, the ovate orbicular pod with 1 seed. Ducke has
found rarely 2 ovaries as in Swartzia dicarpa, S. polyphylla, excep-
tional however in the family.
Dialium guianense (Aubl.) Sandw. ex A. C. Smith, Lloydia
2: 184. 1939; 178. Arouna guianensis Aublet, PI. Guian. 1: 16.
pi. 5. 1775. D. divaricatum Vahl, Enum. 1: 302. 1805. D. acumi-
natum Spruce ex Williams, Field Mus. Bot. 15: 201. 1936.
Younger parts including the leaf-rachi, branchlet tips and panicles
minutely rusty-hirsutulous, the cymes of the small flowers borne
in a much-branched panicle rusty-appressed-sericeous; leaflets (3)
5-7 pairs, ovate or ovate-oblong, rounded at base or somewhat acute,
more or less acuminate, 5-10 cm. long, about half as broad, densely
reticulate- veined, rigid-chartaceous, the petiolules 3-4 mm. long;
stipules small, promptly caducous; pedicels obsolete or rarely 2 mm.
long; flowers scarcely 3 mm. long; petals none; pods obliquely egg-
shaped, lightly compressed, to 18 mm. long, drying black, nearly
glabrous with fragile exocarp, the pulp edible. According to
Williams who gives a good photograph, I.e. 201, of the tree, it fre-
quently attains 25 meters, the crown spreading, the bark grayish
or reddish-brown, the hard wood valued for posts on account of
its resistance to moisture. There appears to be no consequential
difference between the original form from Guiana and the Peruvian
tree; Bentham saw none and Williams gives none. Illustrated,
Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi. 47.
Loreto: Near Iquitos, Williams 3699; Klug 1522. Brazil to
Guiana and Central America. "Huitillo," "jutai."
13. CASSIA L.
Reference: Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 27: 503-591. 1871.
Shrubs, less frequently herbs, with usually abruptly pinnate leaves
(their stipules often conspicuous glands) and yellow, rarely red or
white, bracted and bracteolate flowers borne in axillary or terminal
racemes or panicles, rarely subsolitary. Calyx-tube disk-like, the
segments imbricate as the petals, these subequal or the lower larger.
Stamens 5 or 10, perfect or sometimes unequal and the upper smaller
or 3 reduced, the basifixed anthers usually dehiscent from an apical
cleft or pore or rarely dehiscent basally. Ovary sessile or stiped,
many-ovuled. Pods terete or compressed, coriaceous or membranous,
indehiscent or often 2-valved, sometimes longitudinally winged,
144 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
septate between the seeds or these surrounded with tissue. Seeds
various, albuminous.
Ruiz & Pavon noted "hatumpacte" and "pachapacte" as names
for two unidentified species of tarma used by the inhabitants "for
a long time as purgatives, and the leaves are preferred to the senna
leaves brought from Lima for the same purpose by the doctors."
The pulp of the pods of C. fistula (and similar species) furnishes a
laxative long employed in the preparation of cathartics but it is of
interest that it is no longer included in the list of useful drugs com-
piled by the American Medical Association. The same species as
well as C. apoucouita and a few others have extremely hard wood.
Many species are extremely ornamental and their cultivation deserves
more attention.
Cassia is one of the most natural genera in the family; to parcel
it out into genera, as "herbarium botanists" do, can serve only to
increase the number of authors' names as "new combinations"
(Ducke). This succinct expression has my complete approval.
There are three subgenera no member of which however approaches
any other genus; that is, no member that is not clearly, to novice
or professional, a Cassia; and even in the range of Peru, limited
for a world- wide genus, there are species, as C. Absus, C. apoucouita,
that combine characters assigned generic rank by many. Pittier,
with perfect material, could not be sure that he was justified in
placing in Emelista his Emelista mucronulosa Pitt. Journ. Wash.
Acad. Sci. 19: 176. 1929. "Possibly," he wrote, "it should come
somewhere in section Chamaesenna of the complex genus Cassia."
As it seems to be an interesting species it should indeed become
Cassia mucronulosa (Pitt.) Macbr., comb. nov. . . , so that at
least it may be possible to find it in herbaria.
In the few instances where synonymy or remark does not in-
dicate relationship a sectional name has been noted. C. florifera
Herrera, Contr. Fl. Cuzco ed. 2, pt. 1 : 121. 1921, has been unidentified,
and the name, not accounted for in later editions of the same work,
is doubtless to be dropped. Several Bolivian species, some possibly
the same as those described here, have been published in Bull. N. Y.
Bot. Card. 4: 311. 1907 and 8: 94. 1912, but specimens were not seen.
Two keys follow, the second based largely on leaves.
Technical key (after Bentham, in part)
Anthers dissimilar, the 3 lower on elongate arcuate filaments,
dehiscing by slits, the 7 upper on short filaments, basally
FLORA OF PERU 145
dehiscing, sometimes partly imperfect; pods indehiscent (Sub-
genus Fistula).
Bracts minute, caducous long before or at anthesis.
Leaflets ample, often 6 cm. wide, rather remote.
Petioles and pods terete C. fistula.
Petioles grooved above; pods somewhat flattened.
Petals entire, yellow with red veins; bracts 5-6 mm. long.
C. Spruceana.
Petals white and rose or red; bracts 2-3 mm. long.
Bracts persisting to anthesis; petals white and rose, entire.
C. swartzioides.
Bracts caducous before anthesis; petals red, 1 appendaged
on claw C. scarlatina.
Leaflets oblong, smaller, crowded, 8-20 pairs.
Flowers bright yellow; anthers glabrous C. leiandra.
Flowers roseate or whitish; anthers pilose C. grandis.
Bracts persisting after anthesis C. fastuosa.
Anthers uniform or nearly unless in size (sometimes only 6 or 7
perfect), usually all apically dehiscent or sometimes laterally.
Perfect anthers 6 or 7 dehiscing by a pore or slit; pods indehiscent
or if dehiscing not elastically (Subgenus Senna).
Leaves always with 2 pairs of leaflets, glandular (usually) at
least between the lower pair, ample; pods dehiscing along
interior suture.
Gland between both pairs of leaflets and obviously slender;
stems angled C. quinquangulata.
Glands lacking or only between the first pair of leaflets,
usually conical, or if between both pairs the lower gland
conical, the upper slender; stems terete except C. latifolia.
Sepals strongly nerved and veined; petals puberulent only
on nerves C. macrophylla.
Sepals more or less obscurely nerved; petals glabrous or
evenly puberulent.
Petals 10-16 (20) mm. long; racemes axillary, often
cauliflower.
Leaflets glabrous or essentially.
Peduncles short, the racemes corymbed or at the
defoliate nodes; sepals firm.
146 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Leaves long-acuminate; sepals oblong, 6 mm. long.
C. pallidifolia.
Leaves if acuminate, shortly; sepals suborbicular,
3^4 mm. long C. Ruiziana.
Peduncles more or less elongate; sepals membranous,
6-9 mm. long C. obliqua.
Leaflets more or less pilose beneath; peduncles axillary.
C. loretensis.
Petals 2-3 cm. long; racemes at least the principal
terminal and usually corymbed.
Sepals and anthers both subequal.
Sepals oblong-ovate; stipules deciduous; leaves often
pilose beneath C. fruticosa.
Sepals suborbicular; stipules somewhat persisting;
leaves glabrous C. latifolia.
Sepals and anthers distinctly unequal .C. Hoffmanseggii.
Leaves usually with more than 2 pairs of leaflets, if only 2 pairs
then small or medium.
Pods narrow, 3-6 (9) mm. wide, cylindric, subquadrate or
sometimes compressed, often greatly elongate; stamens
subequal or leaf-glands present (only in C. spectabilis
glands lacking); cf. also C. cushina, pods unknown.
Leaflets obtuse or acutish; peduncles usually 2-flowered.
Leaflets obovate, medium or plants in part long-pilose.
Glabrous or pubescence appressed.
Anthers obtuse; pods usually sub terete; seeds longi-
tudinal C. Tora.
Anthers beaked (in part); pods compressed; seeds
oblique C. leiophylla.
Pubescence widely spreading C. pilifera.
Leaflets elliptic-oblong, small; anthers in part beaked;
seeds transverse.
Leaflets, at least most leaves, 7 or more pairs.
C. biflora.
Leaflets 3-4 pairs C. huancabambae.
Leaflets distinctly acute or acuminate; peduncles several-
flowered.
Leaflets 3-7 pairs, mostly with a gland near base of
petiole.
FLORA OF PERU 147
Pods 2-3 (5) mm. broad; seeds oblique. .C. leptocarpa.
Pods 4-8 mm. broad; seeds transverse.
Leaves hirsute C. hirsuta.
Leaves glabrous C. occidentalis.
Leaflets 8-15 pairs; glands lacking (cf. C. cushina).
C. spectabilis.
Pods at least 1 cm. wide (or thick), compressed to turgid-
cylindrical; stamens often unequal, except C. atomaria,
C. Haughtii with eglandular leaves.
Leaves usually with a gland at least between lowest leaflets,
often small and if pubescent, softly.
Pods cylindrical or turgid, glabrous.
Leaflets glabrous.
Leaflets obtuse, broader above the middle.
C. bicapsularis.
Leaflets more or less narrowed from the middle.
C. laevigata.
Leaflets pilose beneath, 5-7 pairs C. aurantia.
Pods strongly compressed (but more or less biconvex by
the mature seeds) or if somewhat turgid, tomentulose.
Stipules not spinescent.
Anthers erostrate.
Leaflets 7-14 pairs.
Leaflets glabrous, acute to obtuse, usually
lanceolate.
Filaments markedly unequal; pods somewhat
stiped C. latopetiolata.
Filaments not so unequal; pods subsessile.
C. Hookeriana.
Leaflets usually pubescent at least on midnerve,
obtuse, usually elliptic-oblong.
Pubescence a soft tomentum on the acutish
leaflets beneath C. tomentosa.
Pubescence lacking or not tomentose, the
leaflets often rounded at tip.
Leaflets lightly pilose both sides, half as
broad as long C. arequipensis.
148 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Leaflets glabrous above at maturity, usually
more than half longer than broad.
Leaflets 8-12 pairs.
Leaflets oblong-elliptic, retuse or
rounded C. helveola.
Leaflets slightly narrowed toward ob-
tuse tips C. birostris.
Leaflets 3-4 pairs C. Cookii.
Leaflets 1-2 pairs C. conjugata.
Anthers rostrate.
Leaflets rather few (7-10 pairs) C. incarnata.
Leaflets 20 pairs or more C. multijuga.
Stipules stoutly spinescent C. spinescens.
Leaves eglandular, glabrous or if pubescent, ample, or the
pubescence rather coarse (C. cushina may have
rudimentary gland).
Anthers equal, not rostrate.
Leaflets 3-6 pairs, ample, softly pilose beneath.
C. atomaria.
Leaflets 8-15 pairs.
Leaflets glabrous; pods compressed C. Haughtii.
Leaflets puberulent; pods terete C. spectabilis.
Anthers unequal, in part aristate at base or rostrate.
Leaflets acute; longer anthers 6-7 mm. long.C. lucens.
Leaflets obtuse or longer anthers much longer.
Pods winged; leaflets glabrate; stipules persisting.
C. alata.
Pods not winged; leaflets somewhat pubescent or if
glabrous stipules caducous.
Leaflets pubescent beneath; stipules more or less
persisting C. reticulata.
Leaflets completely glabrous unless on midnerve
beneath or stipules caducous.
Leaflets prominently mucronate, rigid.
C. Pearcii.
Leaflets scarcely mucronulate, membranous.
Peduncles hirtellous or glabrous . C. cuspidata.
Peduncles tomentulose. . . .C. cushina.
FLORA OF PERU 149
Perfect anthers 10 or by abortion fewer; pods elastically dehiscent
(Subgenus Lasiorhegma).
Trees, the flowers cauliflower C. apoucouita.
Herbs or shrubs.
Viscid annual with small racemose flowers C. Absus.
Eviscid perennials or annuals, the flowers fewer, solitary in or
above the axils (Chamaecrista) ; species minute or char-
acter obscure.
Flowers small, about 5 mm. long or scarcely longer, shortly
peduncled.
Stems usually glabrous or puberulent; petiolar gland more
or less stiped C. Chamaecrista.
Stems densely pilose; petiolar gland sessile. .C. patellaria.
Flowers showy, 10 (8) -20 mm. long or longer, often borne
on stalks as long or longer.
Flowering stems villous-pilose or hispidulous with spread-
ing trichomes; petiole-gland usually more or less
stiped.
Leaflets glabrous unless midnerve; stems hirsutulous;
gland sessile C. felipensis.
Leaflets lightly pilose both sides; stems villous; gland
subsessile or stiped C. flavicoma.
Flowering stems glabrous or the pubescence appressed or
crisped.
Gland of petioles distinctly and slenderly stiped.
C. glandulosa.
Gland of petioles sessile or subsessile or the stipe short,
stout.
Leaflets mostly more than 10 pairs.
Leaflets 10-20 pairs C. Pavoniana.
Leaflets 20-40 pairs C. Pennelliana.
Leaflets mostly fewer than 10 pairs.
Gland sessile or subsessile; leaflets somewhat
pilose.
Plants in part glabrate; pedicels about 15 mm.
long or longer.
Pedicels filiform, lax C. cuneata.
Pedicels slender but erect C. repens.
150 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Plants pubescent; pedicels about 8 mm. long.
C. brachypoda.
Gland shortly stiped; leaflets glabrous or appar-
ently.
Leaflets membranous; veins subreticulate; pedi-
cels long C. tenella.
Leaflets fleshy; veins not reticulate, obscure;
pedicels short C. calvens.
Key (based on leaves)
Peduncles in the upper axils only 1-2-flowered; leaflets usually cune-
ate-obovate, 2-3 (-4) pairs, never very small; pods never
elastically dehiscent.
Leaflets usually wider than 1 cm., obovate or stem-pubescence
spreading.
Pubescence lacking or appressed.
Larger sepals 6-8 mm. long; pods 2-3 mm. wide C. Tora.
Larger sepals often 10 mm. long or longer; pods 5-6 mm. wide.
C. leiophylla.
Pubescence widely spreading C. pilifera.
Leaflets narrower than 1 cm.
Leaflets, at least most leaves, 7 or more pairs C. biflora.
Leaflets 3-4 pairs C. huancabambae.
Peduncles several-flowered or if flowers few or solitary in or above
the axils, the leaflets many and very small or tiny and the
pods elastically dehiscent (C. conjugata, if only 2-flowered, has
peduncles in part terminal).
Leaflets 2 pairs and ample or wider than 1.5 cm.; perfect anthers
or sepals subequal except C. Hoffmanseggii.
Gland between both pairs leaflets and obviously slender; stems
angled C. quinquangulata.
Glands lacking or only between first pair leaflets, usually conical
or if between both pairs the lower gland conical, the upper
slender; stems terete except C. latifolia.
Sepals strongly nerved and veined; petals puberulent only on
the nerve C. macrophylla.
Sepals more or less obscurely nerved ; petals glabrous or evenly
puberulent.
FLORA OF PERU 151
Petals 10-16 (20) mm. long; racemes axillary, often cauli-
flower.
Leaflets glabrous or essentially.
Peduncles short, the racemes corymbed or at the defoli-
ate nodes; sepals firm.
Leaflets long-acuminate; sepals oblong, 6 mm. long.
C. pallidifolia.
Leaflets if acuminate shortly; sepals suborbicular,
3^4 mm. long C. Ruiziana.
Peduncles elongate; sepals membranous, 6-9 mm. long.
C. obliqua.
Leaflets more or less pilose beneath; peduncles axillary.
C. loretensis.
Petals 2-3 cm. long; racemes, at least principal, terminal
and usually corymbed.
Sepals and anthers both subequal.
Sepals oblong-ovate; stipules deciduous; leaves often
pilose beneath C. fruticosa.
Sepals suborbicular; stipules more or less persisting;
leaves glabrous C. latifolia.
Sepals and anthers both distinctly unequal.
C. Hoffmanseggii.
Leaflets with usually more than 2 pairs, if only 2 then small or
medium.
Leaflets few or sometimes many but not very small nor the
flowers solitary or few in most axils; pods rarely elastically
dehiscing.
Stamens very unequal in length, the lower 3 with elongate
arcuate and diverse anthers; leaflets if few somewhat
pointed and coriaceous.
Bracts minute, caducous long before or at anthesis.
Leaflets ample, often 6 cm. wide, rather remote.
Petioles and pods terete C. fistula.
Petioles grooved above; pods somewhat flattened.
Bracts persisting to anthesis; petals not yellow.
C. swartzioides.
Bracts caducous; petals red or yellow.
Petals red, 1 appendaged on claw . . . . C. scarlatina.
152 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Petals yellow, unappendaged C. Spruceana.
Leaflets oblong, small, crowded, 8-20 pairs.
Flowers roseate or whitish; anthers glabrous.
C. leiandra.
Flowers bright yellow; anthers puberulent. .C. grandis.
Bracts persisting after anthesis C. fastuosa.
Stamens, if unequal, not extremely so; leaflets 7-many or if
fewer obtuse or membranous.
Inflorescence cauliflower; anthers 10, laterally dehiscent;
pods bivalved C. apoucouita.
Inflorescence axillary and terminal; characters, at least in
part, otherwise.
Leaflets obtuse or rounded apically.
Glabrous shrubs.
Leaflets 3-5 pairs C. bicapsularis.
Leaflets 1-2 pairs C. conjugata.
Viscid annual C. Absus.
Leaflets acute to acuminate.
Leaflets 2-2.5 cm. wide, glabrous to hirsute, with 1 or
more glands between them.
Leaflets 3^4 pairs, usually with a gland between
each pair; pods subcylindrical C. laevigata.
Leaflets (3) 4-7 pairs, the leaf with only a gland at
base; pods flat.
Pods 3 (5) mm. wide, the seeds oblique; plants
glabrate to lightly hirsute C. leptocarpa.
Pods 5-9 mm. wide, the seeds transverse.
Plants densely hirsute C. hirsuta.
Plants glabrous or nearly C. occidentalis.
Leaflets 3-6 cm. wide, pilose beneath, the leaf eglan-
dular C. atomaria.
Leaflets often or mostly 7-many pairs, sometimes tiny, always
if few, and the flowers then solitary or axillary, the pods
elastically dehiscent.
Leaflets medium, mostly or all much wider than 3 mm.;
peduncles many-flowered; pods indehiscent or the valves
not elastic.
FLORA OF PERU 153
Leaflets retuse, rounded or obtuse, ordinarily more or less
pubescent or the longer anthers beaked.
Leaflets 7-15 cm. long, 2-7 cm. wide.
Plants somewhat pubescent; pods not winged.
C. reticulata.
Plants glabrous or glabrate; pods winged C. alata.
Leaflets all or mostly smaller.
Leaflets medium, (2.5) 3-7 cm. long or sometimes
shorter but then 20 or more pairs.
Leaflets about 20 or more pairs C. multijuga.
Leaflets fewer.
Racemes usually hirteilous; leaflets membranous.
C. picta, C. cuspidata.
Racemes glabrous; leaflets rigid, mucronate.
C. Pearcii.
Leaflets small, mostly 1.5-2.5 (3) cm. long, rarely if
ever as many as 15 pairs.
Leaves with usually 1 or more glands between the
leaflets; anthers unequal.
Leaf-rachis sparsely pilose or glabrous, the leaflets
partly glabrate.
Longer anthers beaked C. incarnata.
All the anthers blunt.
Leaflets slightly narrowed to obtuse tips.
C. birostris.
Leaflets oblong-elliptic, retuse or rounded.
C. helveola.
Leaf-rachis densely pubescent or in any case
leaflets lightly pilose both sides or densely
beneath.
Leaflets densely tomentose or pilose beneath.
Gland usually 1; pods glabrous, terete.
C. aurantia.
Glands usually several; pods subcompressed,
tomentose C. tomentosa.
Leaflets lightly pilose both sides.
C. arequipensis.
Leaflets lightly pilose only beneath. .C. Cookii.
154 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Leaves without glands, glabrous; anthers equal.
C. Haughtii.
Leaflets acute to acuminate or if rarely obtusish glabrous
and the longer anthers obtuse or merely cusped (cf.
C. Haughtii).
Flowers showy, the petals to 2.5 cm. long; stipules spines-
cent C. spinescens.
Flowers medium in size, the petals 1-1.5 cm. long;
stipules not spinescent.
Leaflets less than 1.5 cm. wide, glabrous.
Leaflets acutish; filaments unequal; pods more or
less stiped C. latopetiolata.
Leaflets obtusish; filaments subequal; pods sub-
sessile C. Hookeriana.
Leaflets 1.5-2 cm. wide, somewhat pubescent.
Leaflets minutely or sparsely pubescent beneath;
stamens unequal, forked at base or beaked.
Leaflets 8-10 pairs; sepals and larger anthers 7-10
mm. long; pods flat C. lucens.
Leaflets 10-15 pairs; sepals and larger anthers
10-12 mm. long.
Petioles and peduncles yellowish-tomentulose;
leaflets sparsely pilose beneath. C. cushina.
Petioles and peduncles glabrous or hispidulous;
leaflets glabrous beneath except midnerve.
C. cuspidata.
Leaflets pubescent beneath; stamens subequal, ob-
tuse; pods terete C. spectabilis.
Leaflets small or tiny, rarely more than 3 mm. wide; flowers
solitary or few, axillary or supra-axillary; pods elastically
dehiscent; low shrubs or herbs (Chamaecrista; see end
of technical key, p. 149).
Cassia Absus L. Sp. PI. 376. 1753; 558. Grimaldia Absus (L.)
Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23: 299. 1930.
Erect somewhat branching annual often several dm. high, the
stems and petioles more or less stiffly viscid-pubescent; leaflets 2
pairs, obliquely elliptic, membranous, puberulent beneath, 2-4.5
cm. long; flowers 5-7 mm. long, in terminal racemes; stamens 5 (7);
FLORA OF PERU 155
pods sparsely hispid, 2.5-4 cm. long, 6-7 mm. broad. Section
Absus. Illustrated, Basu, Ind. Med. PI. pi. 357.
Piura: Serran, Weberbauer 5992. Warm regions.
Cassia alata L. Sp. PL 1378. 1753; 550. Herpetica alata (L.)
Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 123. 1838.
Similar to C. reticulata; leaflets 6-12 pairs, sometimes retuse,
broadly rounded or truncate at base, often puberulent beneath, 5-15
cm. long, 3-7 cm. broad; sepals 1 cm. long; pods medially winged
longitudinally, membranous except for the thickened margins.
Illustrated, Degener, Fl. Hawaii.; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: pi. 39
(photo).
Peru (probably, at least in cultivation). Warm regions of
America, Asia and Africa.
Cassia apoucouita Aublet, PI. Guian. 379. pi. 146. 1775; 557.
Tree, glabrous except for the short rusty puberulent densely
flowered racemes that are borne often abundantly on the older
portion of the branchlets just beneath the glossy foliage; leaflets
2-6 pairs, oblong or ovate-elliptic, rounded or shortly cuneate at
base, more or less acuminate, usually only slightly oblique, firm-
membranous, conspicuously reticulate-veined both sides, very
variable in size, sometimes on flowering branchlets only 3-4 cm.
long, about half as wide, usually 10-12 cm. long or longer, 3-4.5 cm.
wide or wider; glands variously developed, rarely none; bracts minute,
caducous; pedicels soon 2-2.5 cm. long; calyx segments 4-6 cm.
long; petals broadly obovate, shortly clawed, 12-18 mm. long;
stamens 10, subsessile, subequal, the thick puberulent anthers
4-6 mm. long, the cells dehiscing by short vertical slits; ovary gla-
brous or nearly; pods plane, shortly and obliquely acuminate,
lustrous, elastically dehiscing by the enlarged nerviform sutures,
1-2 dm. long to 2.5 cm. broad. Species of interest, as with C.
Absus it forms a transition in the fruit toward Subgenus Chamaecrista.
Related Brazilian species include C. hymenaeifolia and C. adiantifolia,
the former with 1-3 pairs of coriaceous leaflets, paler beneath and
closely subparallel-veined ; the latter with 20-30 pairs of obtuse
strongly oblique leaflets, tomentose beneath. Section Apoucouita.
Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi. 40.
Piura: Chipillicos and Hacienda Tina (Raimondi, det. Dahlem
as affine). Brazil to Guiana.
156 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Cassia arequipensis Meyen ex Vog. Syn. Cass. 43. 1837; 539.
Shrub, the densely leafy branchlets and leaves pilose-puberulent,
the subappressed trichomes lustrous; stipules subulate, deciduous; leaf
glands very minute; leaflets 6-14 pairs, subsessile, oblong-elliptic,
rounded at both ends, 7-10 mm. long, 4 mm. broad; racemes little
exceeding the leaves, the pedicels 12-22 mm. long; bracts oblong-
linear to 6 mm. long, caducous; petals about 10 mm. long; stamens
10, the anthers erostrate but the fertile bluntly cusped, the filament
of the two larger to 7 mm. long, equaling the petals; ovary with its
stipe pubescent, the style glabrous. Section Chamaesenna. F.M.
Neg. 1648.
Arequipa: Near Arequipa, Meyen, type; rocky banks, 3,100
meters, Pennell 14278; 13238; Goodspeed 22106.
Cassia atomaria L. Mant. 68. 1767; 548. C. laeta HBK. Nov.
Gen. & Sp. 6: 340. 1824. Cathartocarpus laetus G. Don, Gen. Syst.
2: 454. 1832. Cassia Weberbaueri Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 92. 1930.
Densely leafy shrub or tree sometimes 10 meters high; leaflets
4-5 pairs, oblong-ovate-lanceolate, 7-12 cm. long, 3-5 cm. broad,
rounded at base, acuminate, membranous, sparsely puberulent and
somewhat lustrous above, softly pilose beneath, nearly concolor,
eglandular; racemes axillary, to 1.5 dm. long, much shorter than
the leaves, very laxly flowered, the slender pedicels to 2.5 cm. long;
sepals puberulent, membranous, oval, the larger inner ones about
5 mm. long; petals unequal, the larger 1.5 cm. long, fertile stamens
usually 7, subequal, merely cusped; pods compressed to 4.5 dm.
long, 16 mm. broad, the seeds transverse. In Candollea 6: 9. 1934,
I reduced my species because apparently a collection from the type
locality, Guayaquil, of C. laeta has a similar pod, not originally
described; however, it seems to me questionable if the plant of
HBK. can be distinguished from C. atomaria. C. emarginata L.,
closely allied, has smaller leaflets, very obtuse or rounded apically.
Section Chamaesenna.
Tumbez: Rainy green formation, 200 meters, Weberbauer 7709
(type, C. Weberbaueri). Piura: Talara, Haught 61. To Mexico.
Cassia aurantia Ruiz & Pa von ex G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 441.
1832; 541. C. Dombeyana Vog. Syn. Cas. 28. 1837.
Shrub usually less than a meter high, sprawling or forming clumps,
the branches spreading, the younger as the leaves and peduncles
more or less pilose-puberulent; stipules setaceous, caducous; leaflets
FLORA OF PERU 157
5-7 pairs, the lower with a slender gland between them, oblong-
elliptic, rounded at both ends or usually oblique at base, commonly
2-3 cm. long, 8-12 mm. broad; peduncles axillary, elongating, the
flowering portion slightly exceeding the subtending leaf, the lower
pedicels 1.5-2 cm. long; sepals very unequal, the suborbicular inner
ones 6-7 mm. long; petals about 10 mm. long; anthers merely cusped,
two with elongate filaments and slightly exserted; pods shortly
stiped, cylindrical, to 8 cm. long, about 8 mm. thick, glabrous or
nearly. Usually on stony slopes or stream flats. C. indecora HBK.,
Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 344. 1824, to which this has been referred, has
subcompressed puberulent pods, oblong-obovate leaflets. Section
Chamaesenna. F.M. Negs. 1654; 28000.
Lima: Above Obrajillo, 3,100 meters, Pennell 14424- Junin:
Tarma, 1033; 3,100 meters, Kittip & Smith 21811; (Weberbauer,
176). Huacapistana, Killip & Smith 24264- Puerto Yessup,
2629. Huanuco: Without locality, Dombey; Ruiz & Pavon, type.
Ambo, 3194. Maria del Valle, 3559. Chulki, Sawada P60.
Cassia bicapsularis L. Sp. PI. 538. 1753; 525. C. limensis
Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 1: 643. 1783. C. akaparillo HBK. Nov. Gen.
& Sp. 355. 1824. C. Augusti Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 18: 93. 1922.
Adipera bicapsularis (L.) Britton & Rose in Britton & Wilson, Surv.
Porto Rico 5: 370. 1924.
Erect glabrous shrub, ordinarily 2-3 meters high, the leaves
typically with 3-5 pairs of oblong-elliptic or slightly obovate leaflets
with usually a clavate gland between the lowest pair; leaflets 1.5-
3.5 cm. long, 12-15 mm. broad; uppermost racemes often panicled,
the pedicels 5-10 mm. long; calyx usually about 8 mm. long, the
petals a third to half again as long; perfect stamens usually 7, 2
filaments much elongate; pods stiped, subcylindrical or slightly
inflated, straight or nearly, 4-15 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. thick. Since
some specimens of C. bicapsularis, for example, my 2320, have
at least some of the branches with only 2 pairs of leaflets, it seems
preferable to treat C. Augusti as a variety, var. Augusti (Harms)
Macbr., comb. nov. (C. Augusti Harms, I.e.). In Inca the plant is
called "bejuco" and the flexible branches are used to make canastras
(Raimondi). Illustrated, Rock, Leg. PI. Hawaii, pi. 35.
Piura: Olleros, Bonpland, (type, C. akaparillo}. Ancash:
Huarmey, Vargas 1225. Tambo del Pariocota, 2542. Santa, (Rai-
mondi, det. Dahlem, C. Augusti). Amazonas: Mathews 3276.
Huanuco: Huacho, 6-meter tree, Stork & Horton 9399 (det. Standl.).
158 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Huanuco, 2320. Junin: Sprawling shrub in thicket, sandy valley,
La Merced, 5^77 (det. Rose). Tabina, Weberbauer 2030; 248.
Loreto: Caballo-Cocha, Williams 2335; 2499. lea: Below Pampano,
Weberbauer 5368 (type, C. Augusti). Without locality, (Raimondi,
det. Dahlem, C. Augusti). Warm America. "Alcaparillo," "alpa-
quilla."
Cassia biflora L. Sp. PI. 540. 1753; 543. C. nemorosa HBK.
Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 353. 1824. Peiranisia biflora (L.) Pitt. Trab.
Mus. Com. Venez. 3: 158. 1928.
Slenderly branched shrub, sometimes 3 or 4 meters high, glabrate
or the peduncles and younger leaves more or less pilose-puberulent;
leaflets ordinarily 7-10 pairs, the gland between the lowest pair
(sometimes a gland between the two lowest pairs) cylindrical, often
stipitate; leaflets elliptic, obtuse, very variable in size, usually
1.5-3.5 cm. long and about half as broad; flowers 2 (4), the slender
peduncle 2-3.5 cm. long, the pedicels about 1.5 cm. long, these
bracteolate at base; sepals and petals unequal, the former 5-8 mm.
long, the latter 1-2 cm. long; 3 larger stamens rostrate, the 3 or 4
smaller, cusped; pods shortly stiped, usually somewhat falcate,
compressed, bivalvate, 7-15 cm. long, 4-8 mm. broad. In Ayacucho
the leaves are used in fumigation (Raimondi). Section Chamaesenna.
Illustrated, Bot. Reg. 16: pi. 1310.
Cajamarca: Valley Rio Shumba, 700 meters, Weberbauer 6173;
(Raimondi). Jae"n de Bracamoros, Bonpland (type, C. nemorosa).
Cacas, Raimondi. Lima: Atacongo, sprawling shrub 1 meter high,
arid hills, Mexia 04039 (det. Johnst.). Ancash: Near Mato, Rai-
mondi. Ayacucho: Raimondi. South America to the West Indies.
"Pichana," "motay."
Cassia birostris Dombey ex Vog. Syn. Cass. 43. 1837; 540.
Chamaefistula birostris Dombey ex Vog. Linnaea 11: 685. 1837.
Allied to C. arequipensis but the leaflets slightly narrowed to the
obtuse or acutish tips, glabrate or sparsely pilose on the midnerve
beneath, 8 or 9 pairs, the leaf gland below the lower pair, well
developed and stiped; pedicels 8-10 mm. long; petals about 10 mm.
long; stamens of C. arequipensis. It is probable that the character
of this species should be broadened to include C. helveola and perhaps
C. arequipensis; the fruit however is not known and the pubescence
is much sparser, the glands different, the leaflets fewer and somewhat
diverse in shape. F.M. Neg. 1657.
FLORA OP PERU 159
Lima: Cheuchin, Dombey, type. Amazonas: Chiquibamba,
(Raimondi, det. herb. Dahlem with query).
Cassia brachypoda Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: 172.
1870; 575.
Similar to C. patellaria but the leaflets only 6-10 pairs, oblong,
12-25 mm. long, pinnately veined from the subcentral midnerve;
sepals 8-10 mm. long, little exceeded by the larger petals; stamens
very unequal. Bentham describes with query a var. multijuga
with as many as 15 pairs of mucronate leaflets, the midnerve more
excentric, the stipules smaller. He also suggests and probably
rightly that the earlier name is C. vestita Vog. Syn. Cass. 60. 1837;
Linnaea 11: 711. 1837, remarking that "it agrees with C. brachypoda
in every respect except that the gland is said to be urceolate and
shortly stipitate." F.M. Neg. 1663 (C. vestita).
San Martin: Lamas, (Spruce, det. Benth.). Bolivia; Brazil.
Cassia calvens Macbr., spec. nov.
Suffrutex, humilis, parum ramosus; caulibus adscendentibus circa
1 dm. altis minutissime puberulis; stipulis anguste lanceolatis vix
2 mm. longis; foliolis 4-6 jugis, paullo oblique obovatis, apice rotun-
dato-truncatis vix mucronulatis, ad 8 mm. longis, 4 mm. latis, e
costa parum excentrica obscure penniveniis, coriaceis, opacis, subtus
obscurissime pulverulentis, glandula parva breviter stipitata; pedi-
cellis circa 5 mm. longis; sepalis membranaceis ad 7 mm. longis;
petalis ad 12 mm. longis; leguminibus suberectis, puberulis.
Affinity not determined, but apparently to be sought in series
Subcoriaceae of section Ckamaecrista.
Peru: Specimen in Field Museum without data, Weberbauer
5496, type.
Cassia Chamaecrista L. Sp. PL 542. 1753; 576. Chamaecrista
Chamaecrista (L.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 44: 12. 1917.
Herbaceous or more or less suffrutescent below, apparently some-
times erect and 1 to several dm. high, glabrous or pubescent; leaflets
8-20 pairs, narrowly oblong, obtuse or acutish, membranous,
pinnately veined, the midnerve little excentric, usually about 12
mm. long, 2 mm. broad, ordinarily lightly puberulent beneath or
on both sides; gland shortly stiped; pedicels short or about as long
as the petioles; stipules linear-setaceous, striate; sepals acutely
acuminate, 4-5 mm. long, the petals about as long; pods to about
160 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
4 cm. long, 3-4 mm. broad. The Haught specimen was at one time
referred to C. riparia HBK. of Colombia, erect, with 16-19 pairs
of leaflets and, if distinct, may be that species, the type in fruit,
its pods 4 mm. broad. C. stenocarpa Vog. seems to be another
form most like C. riparia but the stems spreading pilose; Bentham,
577, suggested that both these species ought probably to be united
with C. glandulosa. They seem to be doubtfully distinct from C.
Chamaecrista which, according to Britton & Rose, is confined to
the West Indies, Mexico and Colombia and includes only low
herbaceous plants; cf. Britton & Pennell, Bull. Torrey Club 44:
12 & 348. 1917, who first pointed out that the name should apply
to a species with stiped gland. C. mimosoides L., sometimes confused,
is actually Asiatic, with short-cupulate gland, minute leaflets.
Piura: Parinas Valley, Haught F6. Cajamarca: Cayacati,
(Raimondi). Lima: Rio Rimac, (Raimondi). Warm America.
Cassia conjugata R. & P. ex Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 27:
540. 1871.
Glabrous glaucous shrub, the leaves with only 1-2 pairs of broadly
elliptic or slightly obovate, very obtuse leaflets and upper axillary
few-flowered racemes; leaflets sometimes with a few short trichomes
beneath, nearly veinless, about 2 cm. long and half as broad, with
a slender or stipitate shortly conical gland between the single or
lower pair; pedicels only 2-4, 6-16 mm. long; sepals very unequal,
the orbiculate inner 4-6 mm. long; larger petals about 10 mm.
long, the veins more deeply colored; larger anthers with elongate
filaments, all erostrate; pods plane, membranous, slightly arcuate,
5-7.5 cm. long, 10-12 mm. broad. Low or spreading, the leaves
fleshy. Section Chamaesenna. F.M. Neg. 1676.
Ayacucho: Rio de Lomas and Rio Yauca, Weberbauer 5756.
Arequipa: Atiquipa, (Raimondi) ; Goodspeed 15635 (det. Johnst.).
lea: Tinque, (Raimondi). Without locality, Ruiz & Pavdn. Bolivia.
Cassia Cookii Killip & Macbr., spec. nov.
Fruticosa, foliolis exceptis glabra stipulis caduceis; foliolis 3-4
jugis (glandula conica inter inferioribus) suboblique oblongo-ellipticis
basi inaequilateralis, apice late rotundatis vel minute retusis circa
2.5 cm. longis, 12 mm. latis vel interdum demum 4 cm. longis circa
2 cm. latis, supra glabris, subtus laxe pilosis; racemis ad apices
ramorum paniculatis ad 1 dm. longis plus minusve recurvatis laxi-
floris; bracteis caducissimis; pedicellis gracilibus 2-2.5 cm. longis;
FLORA OF PERU 161
sepalis oblongo-obovatis membranaceis coloratis circa 7 mm. longis;
petalis late obovatis ad 13 mm. longis; antheris apice cupuliferis
erostratis 2 longe stipitatis; leguminibus compressis, glabris, curvatis
circa 1.5 dm. longis, 1.5 cm. latis. Apparently a very distinct spe-
cies among a group of closely related forms centering perhaps about
C. birostris.
Cuzco: San Miguel, Urubamba Valley, Cook & Gilbert 1747
(type, U. S. Nat. Mus.).
Cassia cuneata DC. in Collad. Hist. Cass. 121. 1816; 575.
Habit and stipules of C. repens; leaflets 4-6 pairs, oblong-cuneate,
12 mm. long, about 4 mm. broad, glabrous above, pubescent beneath,
lineately pinnate-veined, the midnerve subcentral, often also with
1-2 lateral nerves from the base; gland subsessile; pedicels 1-3,
about 12 mm. long, pubescent; sepals long, acuminate; petals about
10 mm. long. Description after Bentham, who probably rightly
suggests that this is an earlier name for C. repens. Known only
from the type, without data. F.M. Neg. 7004.
Peru (possibly; cf. note above).
Cassia cushina Macbr., nom. nov. C. andina Rose ex Macbr.
Field Mus. Bot. 8: 93. 1930, not Philippi.
Tree, the branchlet tips, leaf-rachi and peduncles densely yellow-
ish-tomentose; leaves 3 dm. long (probably longer) with 10-14 (or
more) oblong-lanceolate leaflets, these, at least on the type in
flower, membranous, reticulate-veined both sides, glabrous above,
sparsely subappressed-pilose beneath, slightly oblique at the rounded
base, acutely acuminate, the middle ones about 7 cm. long, 2 cm.
broad; racemes axillary in the uppermost leaves, about a third as
long, floriferous only toward the tips; pedicels glabrous, recurving
after anthesis, about 1.5 cm. long; calyx divisions subequal, 10-12
mm. long, glabrous; petals to 15 mm. long, obovate, narrowly clawed,
strongly veined, bright yellow; filaments subequal; larger anthers
arcuate, 10-12 mm. long, the cells acuminately divaricate at base,
finally longitudinally dehiscent, the smaller anthers 5 mm. long;
ovary stiped, glabrate, the arcuate style glabrous. The type was
from a forest tree about 6 meters high with open crown. Since
there is a C. Rosei I have devised the name. C. pistaciaefolia HBK.
Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 349. 1824, of Ecuador and Colombia has elongat-
ing racemes, short pedicels and leaflets with looser pubescence
beneath.
Huanuco: Cushi, 4825, type.
162 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Cassia cuspidata Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 443. 1809; 551.
C. fraxinifolia HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 349. 1824. C. pistaciaefolia
var. glabra Benth. I.e.
Glabrous, except for the evanescently hispidulous branchlet tips,
racemes before anthesis and leaflets beneath along the midnerve;
leaflets nearly oblong, slightly oblique and rounded at base, obtuse
or rounded at apex, obscurely or very shortly mucronulate, ordinarily
about 6 cm. long, 18 mm. broad, membranous, light green, paler
beneath, reticulate- veined, glands none; racemes axillary, sometimes
branched, elongating to 2 dm.; pedicels 8-10 mm. long; calyx gla-
brous, the elliptic divisions somewhat colored, about 12 mm. long;
petals shortly clawed, conspicuously nerved, yellow, to nearly 2 cm.
long; anthers erostrate, the larger aristate at base, arcuate, 10-12
mm. long; ovary shortly stiped, glabrous; pods compressed, smooth,
the sutures little enlarged, 7-10 cm. long, about 1.5 cm. broad, the
seeds 'oblong-linear. Near C. pistaciaefolia HBK. of Colombia (cf.
note under C. cushina] and treated by Bentham, 551, as var. glabra
of that species but unless intermediates are found it is probably
distinct, the leaflets of all the Colombian specimens seen being fewer,
broader and pubescent and especially, they have elongating racemes,
the pedicels much shorter than the calyces. The name of Willdenow
is taken up on the basis of Bentham's identification (without ques-
tion) but it is not apt. Cf. C. picta. Section Chamaesenna. F.M.
Neg. 1731.
Cajamarca: Bracamoros, Bonpland, type. River bank west of
Socota, 2,800 meters, shrub to 2.5 meters, Stork & Horton 10101
(det. Standl. C. Pearcii Benth.). Nancho, Sipian, and Cayacati,
(Raimondi, det. Dahlem as C. pistaciaefolia'). "Mutuy grande."
Cassia fastuosa Willd. ex Vog. Linnaea 11: 654. 1837; 516.
Tree sometimes 15 meters high, the branchlets, petioles and long
inflorescences minutely and sparsely puberulent or glabrate; stipules
semiovate, sagittate, caducous; leaflets 10-20 (25) pairs, oblong,
obliquely truncate or rounded at base, acute, 2.5-5 cm. long, about
15 mm. wide, membranous, glabrous and lustrous above at least in
age, somewhat ashy-puberulent or glabrate beneath; racemes at the
leafless nodes of older branches, lax, simple or branched, often 3 dm.
long; bracts ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, mostly persisting at
anthesis; pedicels 2.5-3.5 cm. long; calyx segments oblong-ovate,
obtuse, 10 mm. long, petals obovate, about 3 cm. long, slenderly
clawed; stamens glabrous, the three larger about as long as the petals,
FLORA OF PERU 163
their filaments medially arcuate, their anthers oval-oblong, the
longitudinally dehiscent cells acuminately divaricate at base, the
7 remaining anthers with straight filaments about half as long as
the petals, the 4 larger dehiscing basally from pores; ovary sericeous
tomentose; pods fleshy, minutely and sparsely tomentulose, sub-
quadrate by the broad obtuse sutures, 10 mm. broad, septate within,
between the transverse seeds. According to Ducke sometimes
cultivated for the beautiful pendent inflorescences of large yellow
flowers. Cf. C. javanica L. under C. fistula. F.M. Neg. 1687.
Rio Acre: Antimary, fide Ducke. Amazonian Brazil.
Cassia felipensis HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 368. 1824; 576.
Branchlets hirsute- tomentose; leaflets about 12 pairs, little in-
equilateral, linear-oblong, acutish, obliquely cordate at base, lineately
veined, membranous, glabrous or slightly ciliolate and pilose on the
midnerve beneath, the larger 12-14 mm. long, 3 mm. broad; gland
small, sessile, cupulate; stipules lanceolate-subulate, ciliate, 8 mm.
long; peduncles solitary or geminate, bibracteolate, filiform, pubes-
cent, 2 cm. long, with 2 ovate acuminate bracts at their tips; calyx-
lobes oblong-lanceolate acuminate, pubescent without, exceeded by
the larger clawed petals, these about 10 mm. long; ovary sericeous-
pilose. Bentham, I.e., included this apparently with doubt in his
interpretation of C. Chamaecrista.
Cajamarca: San Felipe, Prov. Jae*n de Bracamoros, (Bonpland,
type).
Cassia fistula L. Sp. PI. 540. 1753; 514.
Beautiful tree ordinarily rather low, sometimes 15 meters high,
with the flowers of C. fastuosa, but the bracts caducous before
anthesis, the stipules minute, and the leaflets 4-8 pairs, broadly
ovate or elliptic, obtuse or acutish, rounded or shortly cuneate at
base, glabrous or nearly so, conspicuously reticulate and closely
parallel-veined both sides, 7-10 cm. long or longer; pods pendent,
3-6 dm. long, 1.5-2 cm. thick, cylindrical, smooth, the pulp pleas-
antly sweet.
This, the "Golden Shower" in cultivation, is a native of tropical
Asia, and is a source of "cassia" (extracted from the pulp of the pods),
an active ingredient of many purgatives; the heart- wood is extremely
hard. The white and pink flowered C. javanica L. (which according
to Degener sometimes hybridizes with C. fistula) has short erect
inflorescences with persisting bracts and smaller oblong-oval leaflets.
Both species illustrated, Degener, Fl. Hawaii.
164 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Cajamarca: Maranon Valley, in river thickets, (Weberbauer, 155).
Tropical Asia.
Cassia flavicoma HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 366. 1824; 576.
C. stipulate, G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 448. 1832. Chamaecrista flavicoma
(HBK.) Greene, Pittonia 4: 32. 1899.
Slender-stemmed shrub a meter or more high, the branchlets
densely and softly yellowish-villous with spreading trichomes, this
pubescence extending in some degree to the leaf-rachi, slender
peduncles and young pods; leaflets about 12-16 pairs, oblong,
typically somewhat pubescent both sides, sometimes glabrous,
oblique at base, rounded or truncate but mucronate at apex, 1-2 cm.
long, 3.5-6 mm. broad, the midnerve moderately excentric, closely
lineate-veined both sides; gland stipitate; stipules lanceolate, acumi-
nate, striate, conspicuously persisting; peduncles solitary or geminate,
bracteate, filiform; calyx somewhat pilose, the scariosely margined
divisions 10-12 mm. long, slightly exceeded by the shortly clawed
petals; pods lightly pilose, 6 cm. long, 6 mm. broad. Type from the
Orinoco River. F.M. Neg. 1688.
Huanuco: Chinchao, Raimondi; Ruiz & Pavon (probably, type
C. stipulata}. Yanano, open shrub, 1 meter, sunny slopes, 3813 (det.
Rose, C. stipulata}. Junin: Palca, (Weberbauer, 248). Ayacucho:
Near Rio Apurimac, 600 meters, Weberbauer 5633; Killip & Smith
22315; 23223. Cuzco: Machu-picchu, Soukup 1^5. Venezuela.
Cassia fruticosa Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8. no. 10. 1768; 521. Cha-
maefistula fruticosa (Mill.) Pittier in Trab. Mus. Com. Venez. 3: 152.
1928. Cassia bacillaris L. f. Suppl. 231. 1781. Chamaefistula bacil-
laris (L. f.) G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 451. 1832.
Shrub or small tree, the younger branchlets, petioles and short
compact panicles more or less ashy-puberulent including the flowers;
gland stout, conical, only between the lower and somewhat smaller
of the 2 pairs of inequilateral leaflets, these typically dull and
glabrous above, and glabrous or minutely puberulent beneath, acute
or acuminate, commonly about 1 (to rarely 2) dm. long, 3-5 cm.
wide; pedicels 2-3 cm. long; bracts promptly caducous; sepals 8-12
mm. long; petals light yellow, obovate, clawed, 2-3 cm. long;
stamens subequal; ovary and style incurved, ashy-strigose to the
clavate tip; pods terete, shortly pediceled, apiculate, 1-3 dm. long,
nearly 1 cm. thick, dehiscing along the inner suture, the seeds sur-
rounded by pulp. The Peruvian form, possibly a distinct species,
FLORA OF PERU 165
may be known as var. Benthamiana Macbr., var. nov., ramulis
subangulatis; foliolis supra nitidulis utrinque praecipue subtus plus
minusve pilosis 3-7 (8) cm. longis, 2.5^4.5 cm. latis, obtusis vel
breviter acutis. Type, Williams 566.
The following material was in part named C. chrysocarpa Desv.
523, which has a filiform glabrous style, the ovary pubescence yellow
and much smaller leaflets (2-6 cm. X 1-2.5 cm.), the lower with a
slender oblong gland. As noted by Bentham, I.e. 522, the affinity
is rather with C. fruticosa or C. oxyphylla Kunth, 521, the latter a
more northern species known from as near as Ecuador with the ample
acuminate leaves of typical C. fruticosa often however pilose beneath
(C. Hartwegi Benth.) but with sepals only 6-8 mm. long, petals only
10-16 mm. long. Accordingly Bentham's suggestion that the
Peruvian plant "may be considered perhaps as a broad-leaved
pubescent variety of C. bacillaris" (i.e. C. fruticosa) seems to be as
good a disposition as any and the variety may appropriately bear
the great monographer's name. C. puberula HBK. of Colombia with
appressed puberulence has been reduced to C. fruticosa; it however
apparently has persisting stipules and axillary racemes, characters
that suggest C. affinis and C. latifolia. In this connection it may
be remarked that C. speciosa Schrad., 524, with rather similar leaflets
and pubescence has the 3 lower stamens with conspicuously elongate
filaments and therefore is not the Peruvian plant nor indeed the
Colombian one to which Britton and Killip referred material.
About 4 meters high. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2. pi. 31 ;
Trans. Linn. Soc. 27: pi. 62.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews 1591 (det. Benth. as var.).
Balsas, Weberbauer 4277. Loreto: Near Iquitos, Klug 1029;
Williams 7905 (distr. as C. viminea) ; Mexia 6501 . Pebas, Williams
1762. Balsapuerto, Klug 2917. Rio Nanay, Williams 566. Rio
Mazan, Williams 89; Jose Schunke 165. To Yucatan and the West
Indies. "Retamillo," "retama comun," "amargo-caspi," "lluichu-
vainilla" (Mexia).
Cassia glandulosa L. Sp. PI. 542. 1753; 576. Chamaecrista
glandulosa (L.) Greene, Pittonia 4: 286. 1899.
Low shrub usually only a dm. or two high, with spreading, often
arcuate branches, the flowering, conspicuously stipulate branchlets
finely puberulent; leaflets usually 10-16 pairs, oblong, oblique at
base, rounded and minutely mucronulate at apex, glabrous or beneath
somewhat puberulent, closely parallel-veined, the midnerve little
166 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
excentric, 1-1.5 (2) cm. long, usually 3-4 mm. broad, gland distinctly
stiped; peduncles short with usually 2-3 long-pediceled flowers; sepals
lanceolate, acuminate, about 9 mm. long, puberulent, the largest
petal to 1.5 cm. long; pods lightly pilose, 3-5 cm. long, about 5 mm.
broad. Var. Swartzii (Wickstr.) Macbr. is a form with 2 petiolar
glands, fide Amshoff, On S. Am. Papil. 27. 1939. The Peruvian
specimens seem to be indistinguishable from the typical form of the
West Indies which according to Britton & Killip is restricted to
Jamaica. Illustrated, Bot. Mag. 62. pi 3435; Addisonia 13. pi 444.
(var. Swartzii).
Huancavelica: Shrub- wood about 2,200 meters, Mantaro Valley
and Mejorada, Stork & Horton 10411; 10444; 10914 (det. Standl.
C. Chamaecrista). Cuzco: Acomayo, Vargas 211 (det. Standl.).
Valle del Apurimac, Herrera 1184; 3054; 3056. Valle del Urubamba,
Herrera 906b. Probably widely distributed. "Huaranguillo,"
"mutui," "motuy," "kjeshua-surpuy."
Cassia grandis L. f. Suppl. 230. 1791; 515.
Allied to C. fastuosa but ashy or rusty-puberulent-tomentose,
especially on the leaflets beneath, the anthers pilose, the three larger
extended beyond the longer roseate petals, these to 14 mm. long;
pods ligneous, fleshy, roughened by the cross veins, 4-6 dm. long,
3.5 cm. broad. The pods, known as "Horse Cassia" and other names
indicative of the fetid odor, are used as those of C. fistula, the pulp
disagreeably scented. Widely cultivated. Illustrated, Trop. Agric.
25: 496. (fr.); Macmillan, Trop. Card. & PI. ed. 3, 85.
Peru: Ucayali, Tessmann 3193. Colombia to the West Indies.
Cassia Haughtii Macbr., spec. nov.
Fruticosa circa 1 m. alta; foliis breviter petiolatis eglandulosis,
glabris circa 1.5 dm. longis, circa 9-jugis; foliolis petiolulatis, oblongis
fere basi paullo oblique rotundatis apice obtusis obscure mucro-
nulatis 3-4 cm. longis, 12-15 mm. latis, membranaceis; racemis
brevibus (circa 7 cm. longis), pedicellis ad 3 cm. longis minute pilosis;
bracteis caducis, sepalis ut videtur coloratis membranaceis oblongis
obtusis ad 11 mm. longis; petalis nerviis prominulis exceptis glabris
circa 18 mm. longis; staminibus perfectis 8 aequalibus; leguminibus
tenue stipitatis, acute apiculatis, valde compressis, puberulo-pilosis.
The pods are probably half mature, about 1 dm. long, 12 mm.
wide, apparently membranous, the medial row of seeds barely
obvious; the species may be related to C. picta G. Don, 552, of
FLORA OF PERU 167
Ecuador and the Galapagos, the line of seeds elevated, the leaflets
larger; it is much like C. siamea Lam., 549, cultivated in warm regions,
its leaves and sepals fleshy-coriaceous. The type is scrappy and
the leaflets are somewhat deformed by disease and perhaps reduced
in size.
Piura: Saucecito, 40 miles north of Sullano, Haught F10, type.
Cerro Viento Ridge, Haught 62.
Cassia helveola Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 91. 1930.
Shrub, sometimes 2 meters high, the branchlets, petioles and
inflorescence more or less densely shortly and softly rusty-pubescent;
leaflets mostly 8-12 pairs, oblong-elliptic, rounded at both ends,
1.5 cm. long, 8 mm. broad, glabrous or nearly above except the
midnerve, subappressed pilose beneath; glands convex, between the
two lower pairs of leaflets or often none; stipules minute, setaceous;
racemes few-flowered; peduncles 3-6 cm. long, pedicels slender,
about 1.5 cm. long; bractlets acuminate; sepals colored, pilose, 4 mm.
long, the petals twice as long or longer; pods stiped, to 9 cm. long,
1 cm. broad, sparsely setose and minutely puberulent. The speci-
mens from Huancavelica, as is so often the case, diverge somewhat
from those from central or southern Peru; in this instance they may
become var. huancavensis Macbr., var. nov., sepalis leviter pilosis
vel glabratis; antheris mediocriter inaequalibus. Type, Weberbauer
7608. Section Chamaesenna.
Ancash: Huaraz, 2526. Huancavelica: Montaro Valley, Weber-
bauer 7608 (var.). Globose clumps, gravelly hillsides, Pampas,
Stork & Horton 10230 (var.). Huanuco: Yanahuanca, 1183, type.
Cassia hirsuta L. Sp. PL 378. 1753; 534. Ditremexa hirsuta
(L.) Britton & Rose in Britton & Wilson, Surv. Porto Rico 5: 372.
1924.
Conspicuously pilose-hirsute (even to the calyces) fetid herb,
often woody toward the base, the erect stems sometimes a meter
or more high; leaflets usually 5 pairs, ovate-oblong-lanceolate, slightly
oblique at base, acuminate, membranous, 4-9 cm. long, about 3 cm.
broad; gland near base of petiole cylindrical; racemes axillary or
terminal, densely few-flowered; pedicels to 1 cm. long; sepals 6-10
mm. long, the orange petals 10-14 mm. long; perfect stamens 6;
ovary villous; pods narrowly linear, arcuate, 1.5-2 dm. long, 4-6 mm.
broad. Section Oncolobium. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2:
pi. 34.
168 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Cajamarca: Cayacate, (Raimondi). San Martin: Lamas,
Williams 6386. San Roque, Williams 7090. Moyobamba, King
3604- Lima: Obrajillo, Wilkes Exped. Junin: Tarma, Ruiz &
Pavdn. La Merced, 5256. Cuzco: Valle de Santa Ana, 1,000
meters, (H err era 3491). Valle de Lares, Diehl 2403. Echarate, Prov.
Convention, Goodspeed 10489. Santa Ana, Cook & Gilbert 1549.
Warm America. "Asnacjcora" (C. & G.).
Cassia Hoffmanseggii Mart, ex Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15,
pt. 2: 104. 1870; 524.
Small tree or tall shrub, the terete often tortuous upper branch-
lets and leaflets beneath minutely puberulent (scarcely visible except
with lens) or glabrous; leaflets 4, ovate, little oblique, shortly acumi-
nate, rounded at base, lustrous above, reticulate-veiny both sides,
the upper pair usually 7-12 cm. long, 4-6 cm. broad; gland ovate or
conical, obtuse; stipules promptly caducous; flowers few, yellow, in
a short terminal panicle; sepals nearly glabrous, the broadly ovate
inner 12 mm. long; petals 2.5-3 cm. long, broadly ovate with slender
claw; 3 stamens conspicuously larger and rostrate, the 4 intermediate
ones 6-8 mm. long, truncate; ovary glabrous or obscurely puberulent;
pods more than 2 dm. long, nearly 2 cm. broad, finally dehiscing,
the coriaceous valves finely transverse- veined. Killip & Smith
27392, Iquitos, in young fruit, noted by collectors as a "herbaceous
vine," probably is a young plant or shade form of this species. F.M.
Neg. 6328.
San Martin: Tarapoto, (Mathews 1589, det. Benth.). Amazonian
Brazil to Guiana.
Cassia Hookeriana Gill, ex H. & A. in Hook. Bot. Misc. 3:
210. 1833; 539. C. versicolor Meyen ex Vog. Syn. Cass. 29. 1837.
Shrub, 1-3 meters high, glabrous or the densely leafy sulcately
angled branchlets sparsely glandular and evanescently pubescent
toward the tips; stipules narrow, acuminate, caducous or sub-
persisting; leaflets 8-9 pairs (or fewer), oblong, rounded at both
ends but slightly oblique at base, usually 2-3 cm. long, about 8 mm.
wide, pale green above, discolored beneath; well-developed clavate-
filiform glands only between the first or sometimes also second
leaflets; racemes about as long or shorter than the leaves with 2-3
or several flowers; pedicels about 1 cm. long; sepals 5 mm. long;
petals about 8 mm. long; 3 stamens only slightly longer than the
remaining fertile 4; ovary more or less pubescent, soon glabrous;
FLORA OF PERU 169
pods 7 cm. long, 15 mm. broad, membranous, attenuate at base
into stipe scarcely 5 mm. long. Type from Argentina but there
seems to be no essential difference between material from there and
Bolivian and southern Peruvian specimens. It is probable that
the Raimondi collections (det. Dahlem) are referable rather to
C. latopetiolata, which however may not be distinct.
According to Herrera the shrub furnishes an excellent fire-wood
and the flowers are used by the native people in salads. Illustrated,
Jorgensen, Anal. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. B. A. 28: 503 (veg.). F.M.
Neg. 1766.
Amazonas: Prov. Luya, (Raimondi). Libertad: Palmabal to
Uningambal, (Raimondi). Cuzco: San Sebastian, rocky canyon,
3,300 meters, Pennell 13600. Huatanay canyon, (Weberbauer 181,
as C. latopetiolata). Colinas del Rodadero, Vargas 3133. Torontoy,
2,500 meters, (Herrera 906 A}. Sicuani, 3,550 meters, Hicken;
Cook & Gilbert 91. Saxaihuaman, 3,500 meters, (Weberbauer).
Valle del Paucartambo, (Herrera 236, as C. latopetiolata). Puno:
Lake Titicaca, Meyen (type, C. versicolor). Near Puno, 4,000 meters,
Soukup 405. Fimahuaca, (Raimondi, det. Dahlem, C. latopetiolata).
Baja Isla, Lake Titicaca, 3,825 meters, Mexia 04260 (det. Johnst.
C. latopetiolata). To Argentina; Chile. "Mutui," "motuy,"
"saligua."
Cassia huancabambae Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 18: 94. 1922.
Sprawling shrub similar to C. biflora; leaflets 3-4 pairs, short-
oblong or slightly obovate, 4-10 mm. long, 2-5 mm. broad, the slender
stiped gland between the lowest pair often deciduous; peduncles
1-2 cm. long, the 1-2 (3) pedicels 7-10 mm. long; ovary finely seri-
ceous; pods puberulent or glabrate, 7-8 cm. long, 5-6 mm. thick.
-F.M. Neg. 1693.
Piura: In open formation, valley of the rivers, Huancabamba,
1,700 meters, Weberbauer 6285, type.
Cassia incarnata Pa von ex Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 27: 545.
1871.
Shrub, 1-3 meters high, the branchlet tips, petioles and short
inflorescences lightly pilose-puberulent; stipules falcate, aristate,
subpersisting; leaflets oblong, rounded at both ends (the base
oblique), petiolulate, 12-20 mm. long, 5-8 mm. broad, in age glabrous
or nearly beneath, obscurely veined; peduncles axillary, shorter
than the leaves, bracteolate apically and there bearing, pseudo-
170 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
umbellately, 3-7 bright yellow flowers on pedicels about 2 cm. long;
sepals thin, the inner orbicular ones 6-8 mm. long; largest petal
nearly 2 cm. long; larger anthers narrowly rostrate; pods plane,
margined, 7-10 cm. long, 5 mm. broad. F.M. Neg. 28006.
Lima: Without locality, Ruiz & Pawn. Atocongo, open calca-
reous hills, Pennell 14748. Matucana, flowers a clear bright yellow,
384 (det. Rose). Bolivia; Ecuador.
Cassia laevigata Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 441. 1809; 527.
Chamaefistula laevigata G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 452. 1832. Adipera
laevigata (Willd.) Britton & Rose in Britton & Wilson, Surv. Porto
Rico 5: 537. 1924.
Slender glabrous shrub, rarely semi-scandent, the branches or
stems herbaceous above, often a meter or two high; leaflets 3-5
pairs, with slender or conical glands between at least the lower
pairs, ovate-lanceolate, acutely acuminate, mostly 3-7 cm. long, about
2.5 cm. broad, membranous, light green; stipules subulate, caducous;
racemes upper axillary, the flowers crowded; sepals colored, 6-10
mm. long, the bright yellow petals to 16 mm. long; pods subsessile,
cylindrical, usually dehiscing along one margin, beaked by the
persisting style, 6-9 cm. long, about 1 cm. thick. Var. scandens
Bentham is apparently the form of San Martin allied to C. bicap-
sularis. Illustrated, Rock, Leg. PI. Hawaii, pi. 34. F.M. Negs.
1795; 32083 (var.).
Lima: Chosica, river bottom shrubs, 2860. San Martin: Near
Moyobamba, King 3674 (var.). Tarapoto, Spruce 3925 (type, var.
scandens). Apurimac: Abancay, fence rows, Goodspeed 10634;
Vargas 745. Cuzco: Valle del Apurimac, (Herrera 1178).
Cassia latifolia G. F. W. Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq. 166. 1818;
522.
Shrub or tree-like, the upper branches more or less climbing when
growing in forests, strongly angled, puberulent as the petioles and
short inflorescences; gland between the first pair of leaflets broadly
conical, obtuse, that between the upper much smaller or wanting;
leaflets ovate-oblong, the larger terminal ones 12-16 cm. long, 5-9 cm.
broad, rather obtusely acuminate, rounded or somewhat cordate at
the more or less oblique base, subcoriaceous, lustrous and con-
spicuously reticulate- veined both sides, often discolored and obscurely
puberulent at least on the nerves beneath; flowers intensely yellow
to orange, the pedicels about 2 cm. long or longer; sepals colored,
FLORA OP PERU 171
1-1.5 cm. long; petals obovate, clawed, 2-3 cm. long; fertile stamens
subequal, bluntly cusped; style incurved-clavate apically; pods
semi-ligneous to 3 dm. long, 1 cm. thick, dehiscing along the upper
suture at maturity. The typical form readily recognized by broad,
almost foliaceous stipules, but the forma falcistipula Ducke (var.
falcistipula Ducke) has much narrower smaller stipules and in this
character then simulates C. quinquangulata.
San Martin: San Roque, Williams 7633. Near Moyobamba,
King 3582. Ayacucho: Rio Apurimac Valley, Killip & Smith 22939.
Loreto: Balsapuerto, Klug 3000. ^Rio Acre: (Ducke 4252).
Amazonian Brazil.
Cassia latopetiolata Dombey ex Vog. Syn. Cass. 29. 1837; 539.
Like C. Hookeriana, and probably should be treated as a geo-
graphical variety, but the larger anthers extend to about their own
length above the smaller, and the pods are more abruptly stiped,
7-11 cm. long, 12 mm. broad; stipules various, sometimes ovate,
caducous or persisting; leaflets 8-12 pairs; petals to 12 mm. long.
Variable in development of leaf-glands. F.M. Neg. 1698.
Cajamarca: Celendin, 2,625 meters, Woytkowski 6. Lima: Rio
Blanco, large clumps, steep hillside, 772. Chicla, (Raimondi) .
Junin: Tarma, 1074; Killip & Smith 21886; Ruiz & Pavdn; Dombey.
Vicinity La Oroya, Kalenborn 146. Huanuco: Llata, compact
1-meter shrub, 2247. Chavanillo, tree to 4 meters, 1978. Huanta,
(Raimondi). Bolivia; Ecuador. "Tumbo," "sayigua."
Cassia leiandra Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: 94. pi. 30.
1870; 516.
Allied to C. grandis and similar but the fragrant flowers bright
yellow, the petals typically 16-18 mm. long, the anthers glabrous,
the ovary shortly villous, and the pods less compressed, torulose
between the smooth sutures, about 2 cm. thick. The Peruvian
material, at least mostly, is var. peruviana Macbr., var. nov., a
planta typica foliolis 2.5-3.5 cm. longis, circa 1 cm. latis, floribus
minoribus, petalis vix 1 cm. longis differt. Jose Schunke 336, type.
C. moschata HBK. is similar but the ovary is glabrous; C. rubriflora
Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 110. 1922, Brazil, has unequal
petals, blood-red except the larger, and opaque leaflets that are
sparsely puberulent above as well as beneath.
Loreto: Upper Maranon, Tessmann 4240 (det. Harms affine).
Middle Ucayali, Tessmann 5455 (det. Harms). Florida, Klug 2321
172 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
(var.). Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 336 (var.). Brazil. "Jacaranda,"
"marimari."
Cassia leiophylla Vog. Syn. Cass. 25. 1837; 542. Vogelocassia
leiophylla (Vog.) Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 23: 259. 1930.
Slender shrub, glabrous, puberulent or softly pubescent, the leaves
with 2-3 pairs of broadly obovate apically rounded but minutely
mucronulate leaflets, the gland between the first pair narrowly
oblong; stipules linear-setaceous, often about 1 cm. long, more or
less persisting or small and caducous; larger leaflets usually about
5 cm. long, 3 cm. broad; peduncles in the upper axils, 1 cm. long,
1-2-flowered, the pedicels finally 2.5 cm. long or longer; sepals
membranous, the larger 10-12 mm. long, the larger petal 2-2.5 cm.
long; pods subsessile, arcuate, to 12 cm. long, 4 mm. broad, sparsely
puberulent or glabrate, the margins nerviform. Var. pubescens
Benth. apparently differs only in being softly pubescent. Section
Chamaesenna. F.M. Neg. 1701.
San Martin: Near Tarapoto, Spruce 4299. San Roque, Williams
7257. Junin: La Merced, Killip & Smith 23805. Colonia Perene",
Killip & Smith 24967. Brazil ; Central America; Mexico. "Retanilla."
Cassia leptocarpa Benth. Linnaea 22: 528. 1849; 531. Ditre-
mexa leptocarpa (Benth.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23: 256.
1930.
Slender fetid shrub, herbaceous above, glabrous or more or less
hirsute especially on the leaflets beneath and then particularly
resembling C. hirsuta but the pods rarely more than 3 mm. broad,
to 2.5 dm. long, and the seeds oblique. The pubescent form is var.
hirsuta Benth.
Peru: (fide Bentham). Brazil to New Mexico.
Cassia loretensis Killip & Macbr., spec. nov.
Frutex vel arbor; ramulis teretibus, striatis junioribus breviter
pilosis; foliolis bijugis (glandula conica inter inferioribus) oblique
oblongo-ellipticis breviter acuminatis plerumque 1-2 dm. longis,
6-12 cm. latis interdum minoribus, subtus plus minusve pilosis,
supra glabris, nitidis, utrinque reticulate- venosis; racemis axillaribus
subcorymbosis vel ad apices ramorum subpaniculatis, 5-14 cm.
longis, flavescente puberulo-pilosis; pedicellis 2-3 cm. longis; sepalis
oblongo-obovatis, membranaceis, paullo nervatis 10-12 mm. longis;
petalis late obovatis ad 2 cm. longis, 12-15 mm. latis, in unguem
FLORA OF PERU 173
brevem contractis; antheris subaequalibus 6-7 mm. longis; legumini-
bus torulosis. Nearly C. affinis Benth., 520, but leaflets more
definitely acuminate, pubescence denser and softer, petals, when
fully grown, larger. The leaflets are often shorter than 1 dm.,
especially on the specimens from Tarapoto, and the lower pair is
usually half as large as the upper. We had indicated the plant as
a variety of Bentham's but that seems to have somewhat angled
branchlets and the young pods of C. loretensis suggest that they
may furnish a further distinction between the species. The speci-
mens were distributed as C. chrysocarpa Desv., C. viminea L., C.
macrophylla Kunth, all different. The relationship is probably
with C. obliqua and C. Ruiziana with similar pods and we are not
certain that the Tarapoto specimens belong to our species. It
sometimes attains 10 meters.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 5459; 5541; 5828; 6125; 6237.
Loreto: Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 206, type. Fortaleza, near
Yurimaguas, King 2776. "Retama," "flor de cafia."
Cassia lucens Vog. Syn. Cass. 46. 1837; 549. C. racemosa Mill.
Gard. Diet. ed. 8: no. 19. 1768, as to Peru.
Tree, sometimes 10 meters high, the leaves with 8-10 pairs of
petiolulate oblong-lanceolate acuminate leaflets, typically obliquely
rounded at base, ordinarily 5-10 cm. long, 1.5-3 cm. broad, glabrous
and lustrous above, glabrate or pilose-puberulent beneath, the glands
obsolete or lacking; racemes paniculate, the inflorescence usually
ample and much exceeding the leaves, rusty-puberulent or the
calyces glabrous; sepals 7-10 mm. long, the larger inner ones mem-
branous; petals 1-2 cm. long, clawed, obviously unequal; 3 larger
stamens about half again as long as the 4 cusped smaller ones and
somewhat rostrate; pods oblong, straight, compressed, lustrous,
membranous, 1.5 dm. long or longer, about 2 cm. broad. The
application of Miller's name, based on a plant from Cartagena,
Colombia, with only 5 pairs of leaflets, appears not to have been
determined. C. racemosa var. tenuifolia Huber, Bol. Mus. Goeldi 4:
564. 1906, now of necessity C. lucens var. tenuifolia (Huber)
Macbr., comb, nov., has, according to Huber, thin membranous
larger leaflets acute at base, distinctly and obtusely acuminate
and mucronate, the flowers smaller. C. siamea Lam. of tropical
Asia and commonly cultivated in warm regions is similar but has
coriaceous sepals and pods. Determinations, except as noted, by
Standley. Section Chamaesenna.
174 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
San Martin: Pongo de Caiharachi, Klug 2624. Chazuta, Klug
4039. Loreto: Balsapuerto, Klug 2862. Caballo-cocha, Wittiams
2070; 2199. La Victoria, Williams 2608; 2897 (det. Harms). Yuri-
maguas, Klug 2799; Killip & Smith 27934; Williams 3863; 7849;
Mexia 6074- Canchahuaya (Huber, var.). Tropical South America.
Cassia macrophylla Kunth, Mimoseae 126. pi. 38. 1819; 519.
Chamaefistula macrophylla G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 451. 1842. Chamae-
fistula gigantifolia Britton & Killip, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 35:
171. 1936 as to Peru.
Shrub or small slender tree with terete branchlets and ample
leaves, the 2 pairs of broadly ovate acuminate leaflets with a stout
gland between the lower; petioles, peduncles and short axillary or
supra-axillary racemes minutely puberulent or glabrate as the leaf-
lets beneath, these membranous, slightly lustrous above, reticulate-
veined, obliquely rounded at base, ordinarily 2-3 dm. long, 1-1.5
dm. broad; peduncle 1-3 cm. long, the pedicels 1-3 cm. long or longer,
crowded together; sepals 6-8 mm. long, obtuse, drying blackish
and conspicuously elevate- veined, usually also somewhat reticulate;
petals clawed, 16-20 mm. long, venose; anthers 7, subequal, the
3 slightly larger cusped; ovary.minutely puberulent, the style apically
clavate. Non-inundated secondary forest, to 4 meters high, the
flowers pale yellow; stipules setaceous but often on same branch,
foliaceous; pods 2.5 dm. long, slender, torulose (Ducke). Flowers
often borne on the older stems. F.M. Negs. 1706; 32087.
San Martin: Tocache, Poeppig 1950.- Loreto: Lower Rio Nanay,
Williams 365; 384; 532 (det. Standl., C. viminea). Rio Itaya,
Williams 50. Near Iquitos, Klug 279 (distr. as Ch. gigantifolia);
Klug 1014; Killip & Smith 27126; Ducke 1.6986. Rio Mazan,
Jose Schunke 207 (det. Standl., C. bacillaris). Brazil; Colombia;
Venezuela. "Yana-huira."
Cassia multijuga Rich. Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 108. 1792;
546.
Small or medium-sized tree (rarely 20 meters tall), the leaves
with many (18^40) pairs of oblong obtuse leaflets, the stipules
usually setaceous and deciduous or those in the often showy inflores-
cences more persisting and bract-like, the racemes usually in ample
terminal panicles; leaflets apparently very variable in size, 1.5 cm.
long, 4 mm. broad, or usually about 3 cm. long or longer, and 1 cm.
broad, glabrous or glabrate above, paler and glabrous to densely
FLORA OF PERU 175
puberulent-pilose beneath, usually with a rather slender gland
between the first pair; pedicels 1-2 cm. long; larger inner sepals
4-6 mm. long; petals often very unequal, to 2 cm. long, puberulent
without on the nerves or glabrous; 3 anthers slenderly beaked,
7-9 mm. long, the 4 much shorter intermediate ones cusped, bipored,
subsessile; pods plane, margined, 1-2 dm. long, 12-18 mm. broad.
Flowers deep yellow, odorless (Woytkowski). Var. Lindleyana
(Gardner) Benth. is the form with soft rusty pubescence. Section
Chamaesenna. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi. 37.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4147 (var. det. M. Arg.). Lamas,
Williams 6458 (var.). Huanuco: Shapajillo, 630 meters, Woytkow-
ski 6. Junin: Puerto Yessup, Killip & Smith 2641 (det. Harms).
Pichis Trail, Killip & Smith 26208. Loreto: Rio Mazan, Jos6
Schunke 2 (det. Harms). Mishuyacu, Klug 1396 (det. Harms).
Pebas, Williams 1754- Brazil to the Guianas. "Pashaca," "sin-
espina," "quillo-sisa."
Cassia obliqua R. & P. ex G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 451. 1832; 519.
Chamaefistula obliqua R. & P. I.e. Chamaefistula elegans R. & P.
I.e. Cassia peruviana Vog. Syn. Cass. 40. 1837.
Shrubby, the upper branches subherbaceous or more or less climb-
ing, glabrous or minutely puberulent on the younger parts; leaflets 2
pairs, ovate-elliptic, shortly acuminate, strongly oblique at base,
the terminal 10-12 cm. long, 5-5.5 cm. broad, the lower pair about
half as large and with a narrow gland between them, lustrous,
membranous or subcoriaceous in age, reticulate- veined both sides;
stipules minute, setaceous; peduncles axillary, several to 10 cm.
long, the few pedicels approximate, 2-3 cm. long; sepals narrowly
ovate, 6-8 mm. long; petals clawed, subequal, to 18 mm. long;
stamens of C. macrophylla, the 3 lower somewhat larger on longer
filaments; pods subterete, rounded at both ends, aristate at tip by
the persisting style, 5 cm. long or longer, about 1 cm. thick, torulose.
C. scandens R. & P., type from Guayaquil, is probably not distin-
guishable. F.M. Neg. 1715.
Huanuco: Mufia, Ruiz & Pawn, type. Near Muna, 4186.
Cassia occidentalis L. Sp. PI. 539. 1753; 532. Ditremexa
occidentalis (L.) Britton & Rose in Britton & Wilson, Surv. Porto
Rico 5: 372. 1924.
With many of the characters of C. hirsuta but the broadly ovate
stipules caducous, the gland tuberculiform; pods glabrous, 5-7 mm.
176 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
broad. Resembles also C. laevigata, except that the gland is not
between the first pair of leaflets. Weedy type of plant with a rather
disagreeable odor, widely distributed. The seeds, roasted, have been
used as a substitute for coffee (Ducke). Williams specimens deter-
mined by Standley. Section Oncolobium. Illustrated, Degener, Fl.
Hawaii.
San Martin: Tarapoto, (Raimondi) ; Williams 5898. Lima: (Rai-
mondi}. Loreto: Rio Nanay, Williams 401; 1251 and others. San
Salvador, Williams 1566. Yurimaguas, Williams 4026. Near
Iquitos, Klug 283; 1425; Williams 1437. La Victoria, Williams
4025. Caballo-Cocha, Williams 2125. Rio Itaya, Williams 3270.
Barrancosof thellcayali, (Huber). Tropical regions. "Aya-poroto,"
"ayak-poroto," "aya-parotillo," "retama," "retamilla," "achpu-
poroto."
Cassia pallidifolia Macbr., spec. nov.
Frutex vel arbor; ramis teretibus; foliolis ut videtur bijugis
(glandula crassa inter inferioribus), glabris, oblique oblongis, longe
et acute acuminatis, 2 dm. longis, 8 cm. latis, subchartaceis, paullo
nitidulis subtus distincte pallidioribus, venis primariis elevatis
venulis reticulatisque; racemis axillaribus (ut videtur caulifloris)
brevibus; pedunculis et pedicellis 2-2.5 cm. longis, sparse puberu-
lis; sepalis oblongis coriaceis, margine scariosis laevibus, glabris
6 mm. longis; petalis oblongo-obovatis 10-12 mm. longis, venis
exceptis glabris; antheris 5 mm. longis, glabris vix inaequalibus.
Notwithstanding the incomplete and broken character of the
material it seems desirable to give this plant a name here; its relation-
ship is evidently with C. Ruiziana as was suggested by Harms but
as indicated its leaves and sepals are at variance in character. The
solitary leaf, however, must be abnormal; the petiole was apparently
injured and in healing produced a secondary stalk with a pair of
long-petioled leaflets forming thus a bipinnate leaf; in the first
abnormal axis and between the first leaflets on the secondary stalk
there is a stipule. There appears to be the gland, as usual in this
group, between the first pair of leaflets, on the normal portion of
the leaf.
Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, Carlos Schunke 62, type.
Cassia patellaria DC. in Collad. Hist. Cass. 125. pi. 16. 1816;
578. Chamaecrista patellaria DC. I.e.
Short-lived perennial more or less lignescent below, well marked
among species of section Chamaecrista by the dense pubescence of
FLORA OF PERU 177
somewhat curved trichomes that extends even to the calyces and
the small flowers, these only 5-6 mm. long, the petals and acuminate
sepals subequal; leaflets 10-25 pairs, oblong, linear, mucronate,
10-15 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, with 3-4 lateral nerves, the mid-
nerve very excentric; gland 1 or sometimes 2, sessile, depressed;
peduncles short, the flowers few; bracts striate, 4-6 mm. long, the
bractlets about half as long; pods slightly curved, narrowly oblong,
2.5 cm. long, 3 mm. broad. Cf. notes under C. Chamaecrista,
C. Pennelliana. Determinations by Harms. Illustrated, Med.
Algem. Proefst. Landb. no. 16. pi. 2.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 6522. Junin: Chanchamayo
Valley, Schunke 1404,' 1405; 1418. Amazonas: Chachapoyas, (Rai-
mondi). South America and the West Indies.
Cassia Pavoniana G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 447. 1832; 577.
Resembles C. glandulosa but the gland shortly and stoutly stiped;
strict shrub with virgate erect pubescent somewhat flexuous branches,
the leaves with 10-20 pairs of oblong cuspidate nerved leaflets,
glabrous or nearly both sides, coriaceous, the midnerve excentric,
about 10 mm. long, 2.5 mm. broad; flowers solitary or geminate,
showy, like those of C. glandulosa. Bentham included this plant
in C. glandulosa and it could readily be treated as a variety, but
it seems from habit and character of gland to be as well marked
as the other forms segregated. Harms referred the following col-
lections to C. Chamaecrista sens. lat. C. flexuosa L. with flexuous
stems has broad stipules, narrower usually more numerous leaflets,
sessile gland.
Cajamarca: Near Socota, 2,800 meters, Stork & Horton 10103
(det. doubtful). Lima: Chosica, 2853. Near Callao and Lima,
Wilkes Exped. Huanuco: Near Huanuco, 8541; Ruiz & Pav6n,
type. Mito, 3260. Junin: Huacapistana, Kittip & Smith 24239(1}.
Cassia Pearcii Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 27: 552. 1871.
Similar to C. cuspidata but completely glabrous, the leaflets
rather thin but rigid and tipped with a seta 3 mm. long; sepals
petaloid, petals yellow, beautifully marked by the contrasting veins
and veinlets; larger anthers 14-16 mm. long, aristately sagittate
at base, the 4 intermediate 6 mm. long, the 3 staminodia deltoid;
pods (immature) shortly stiped, to 9 cm. long, 15 mm. broad,
membranous, lustrous, marked by the septae of the transverse seeds
and seemingly wing-margined by the attenuate tissue. The pods
178 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
resemble those of C. picta G. Don, the seeds in a continuous elevated
line down the middle but its leaves are obtuse or emarginate and soft
in texture.
Huancavelica: Vicinity of Surcubamba, 1,800-2,700 meters,
Stork & Horton 10398 (det. Standl.). Bolivia.
Cassia Pennelliana Amsh. Med. Bot. Rijks Herb. Utrecht 52:
28. 1939. Chamaecrista Browniana Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl.
23: 293. 1930, not Kunth, 1824.
Allied to C. Pavoniana but the densely appressed pubescent stem
simple; leaflets 20-40 pairs, the gland oblong, 2-2.5 mm. long,
sessile, the pods glabrous or closely short-pilose. Very near to
C. Leschenaultiana DC., apparently introduced into Colombia, with
a subsessile stout-cupulate gland. C. flexuosa L. has 15-50 pairs
of narrow leaflets, the stems flexuous; C. mimosoides L. is, as indicated
by Britton & Killip, Asiatic, and has almost minute leaflets.
Peru (probably). Central America; Colombia; Bolivia.
Cassia picta G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 444. 1832; 552.
Resembles C. cuspidata; leaflets to 7 pairs, broadly oblong-
elliptic, rounded at both ends, weakly and minutely cuspidate,
about 6 cm. long, 2.5 cm. wide, membranous, completely glabrous
as the racemes. This may well prove to be the earliest name for
a variable species including besides C. cuspidata, C. Pearcii, but,
slight as the distinguishing characters are, no intermediate speci-
mens have been seen. F.M. Neg. 1728.
Piura: Parinas Valley, Haught 270. Common on alluvial plain,
Serran, Stork 11382. Galapagos; Ecuador.
Cassia pilifera Vog. Syn. Cass. 23. 1837; 536. Emelista pilifera
(Vog.) Pitt. Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 19: 176. 1929.
Half-shrub often a meter or two high, the somewhat angled
stems or branches characteristically white-pilose, scarcely densely,
the trichomes long and widely divaricate, rarely subappressed or
nearly wanting; stipules linear-subulate, 1 cm. long, usually persist-
ing; peduncles axillary, 1- or 2-flowered, often crowded in a short
panicle and somewhat exceeding the leaves, these with 2 pairs of
obliquely obovate or oblong-elliptic leaflets, rounded and barely
mucronulate at tip, 2-5 cm. long, 1-3 cm. broad, conspicuously
reticulate- veined and often pilose beneath, the glands slender;
sepals very unequal, striate, 6-10 mm. long; petals clawed, to 2 cm.
long; perfect stamens 6, the 2 larger shortly rostrate, 12-16 mm.
FLORA OF PERU 179
long, incurved on filaments 4 mm. long, the others subsessile; pods
subquadrate, arcuate, tomentulose, 10 cm. long or longer, scarcely
4 mm. wide, aristate by the persisting style. Section Prososperma.
F.M. Neg. 1730.
Peru: Tarapoto, Vie. 6729. Uruguay to Bolivia and Central
America.
Cassia quinqtiangulata Rich. Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1 : 108.
1792; 523. Chamaefistula Klugii Britton & Killip, Trans. N. Y.
Acad. Sci. 36: 173. 1936. Chamaefistula quinquangulata (Rich.) Pitt.
Trab. Mus. Com. Venez. 3: 153. 1928.
Allied to C. macrophylla but the branches usually rather distinctly
angled and the gland between both pairs of leaflets long and slender;
leaflets ordinarily much smaller, the upper pair rarely 10 cm. long
or slightly longer and half as broad, the lower often half as large,
oblique at base, acuminate, lustrous above, subcoriaceous or firm-
membranous, reticulate- veined, usually minutely puberulent beneath;
racemes ordinarily axillary and only 4-5 cm. long, the pedicels about
2 cm. long; sepals ovate-oblong, obtuse or acutish, ashy-puberulent,
obscurely nerved, 6 mm, long; petals 10-16 mm. long, lightly
puberulent; pods 2-3 dm. long, about 15 mm. thick, acute both
ends, rather coarsely reticulate-transverse-veined. C. viminea L.
to which the following material has mostly been referred is scarcely
distinguishable unless by its terete branchlets and with a gland
usually only between the first leaflets, and perhaps by a difference
in pods. More or less scandent shrub.
Loreto: Yurirnaguas, Williams 3798; 4020; 4171. Caballo-
Cocha, Williams 2112; 2122; 2143. Rio Nanay, Williams 687;
1290. Iquitos, Williams 1537; Klug 202; Killip & Smith 26965;
27098. Brazil to the Guianas and Colombia.
Cassia repens Vog. Syn. Cass. 60. 1837; 575.
Low, suffrutescent, typically sparsely pilose except the leaflets
above, the branches procumbent-ascending from a woody caudex;
leaflets 5-10 pairs, mucronate, pinnately veined, the midnerve little
excentric, subcoriaceous, 10-12 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, rather
rigid, the gland stipitate; flowers few, showy, like C. glandulosa;
pods 2.5-5 cm. long, about 4 mm. broad. F.M. Neg. 1739.
Loreto: Rio Huallaga, (Ule 6723, det. Herb. Dahlem). Brazil.
Cassia reticulata Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 443. 1809; 550.
C. marginata Willd. as to Williams, Field Mus. Bot. 15: 195. 1936.
180 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Chamaesenna reticulata (Willd.) Pitt. Trab. Mus. Com. Venez. 3:
160. 1928.
Tall shrub or sometimes a tree to 15 meters, the younger parts
including the leaves beneath and the racemes more or less puberulent
or pilose; stipules coriaceous, subpersisting; leaflets 9-12 (14) pairs,
broadly oblong or slightly obovate and oblique, rounded or obtuse
both ends, ordinarily 7-10 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide; bracts early
imbricate becoming ovate, 1.5-2 cm. long, at anthesis caducous;
sepals broad, colored, the larger about 12 mm. long, slightly exceeded
by the deeply veined petals; perfect stamens 6, the 2 larger rostrate,
10 mm. long; pods oblong, compressed, lustrous, a dm. long or longer,
12 mm. broad or broader. Klug noted that the root is boiled and
used as a remedy for fever; the black pods as those of other species
are employed as a purgative. F.M. Neg. 1740.
Junin: Puerto Yessup, Killip & Smith 26299. Amazonas:
Nauta, Raimondi. Loreto: Near Iquitos, Williams 1475; 7899;
Klug 1107. Rio Itaya, Williams 116, and others. Rio Nanay,
Williams 288; 367 (distr. as C. marginata Willd.). Caballo-Cocha,
Williams 21 45. Yurimaguas, Williams 3822. Pebas, Williams 1735.
Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 208. Rio Chupurana and open places
along the Ucayali, (Huber). Rio Acre: Mouth of Rio Macauhan,
Krukoff 5754- To Central America and the Guianas. "Retama,"
"sapechihua," "shunashut."
Cassia Ruiziana Vog. Syn. Cass. 40. 1837; 520. Chamae-
fistula Ruiziana G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 451. 1832.
Closely allied to C. macrophylla and C. obliqua with the thick
anthers of the former but the pods and colored obscurely nerved
sepals of the latter, these however broadly ovate or suborbicular,
puberulent, firm; leaflets ample, the terminal often 1.5 dm. long or
longer, 7-9 cm. broad, lustrous and glabrous above, slightly puber-
ulent beneath, acuminate, strongly oblique at base with stout conical
gland between the lower; racemes shortly panicled, lateral (often
cauliflower) with the long (5-10 cm.) peduncles ashy or rusty
appressed strigillose; peduncles 1-2 cm. long; sepals obtuse, 3-4
mm. long, puberulent as the oblongish petals, these about twice
as long, shortly clawed; pods subquadrate, strongly arcuate, shortly
stiped, obtuse at both ends, torulose, 3-5 cm. long, crowned by the
persisting style. F.M. Negs. 29410; 32086.
FLORA OF PERU 181
Cajamarca: Tambillo, (Raimondi). San Martin: Tarapoto,
Mathews 1921 ; Williams 6312. San Roque, Williams 7067. Toward
Moyobamba, (Raimondi). Huanuco: Cuchero, Poeppigl391. Pam-
payacu, Kanehira 8. Junin: La Merced, Killip & Smith 23531.
Huancavelica: Rio Mantaro, Weberbauer 6574- Loreto: Iquitos,
Williams 7907. Rio Nanay, Williams 392. Pongo de Manseriche,
Mexia 6214 (det. Standl., C. macrophylla) . Ecuador.
Cassia scarlatina Ducke, Bull. Mus. Paris se"r. 2. 4: 730. 1932.
Like C. swartzioides and C. Spruceana especially the former;
leaflets about 4 pairs, the larger (in the type) 10-12 cm. long, 4-5 cm.
broad, moderately acuminate beneath, sparsely minutely puberulent,
paler and subopaque; bracts caducous before anthesis; pedicels 1.5
cm. long; calyx segments unequal, even 13 mm. long, 9 mm. broad;
petals scarlet, shortly clawed, the largest 16-18 mm. long, about
half as broad, with 1 much smaller, about 12 mm. long, its long claw
broadly auricled by a foliaceous fimbriate appendage. The Peruvian
specimens do not entirely accord; the leaflets of Klug 3173 are 7 cm.
long, scarcely 3 cm. broad, sepals about 7 mm. long, petals "brick-
red," while Schunke 30 has merely acute leaflets, "flowers white
and clear red"; in both specimens the claw and the appendages
are not so largely developed.
Loreto: Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 30. Pumayacu, Klug 3173.
Amazonian Brazil. "Machetebaina."
Cassia spectabilis DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 90. 1813; 529.
Pseudocassia spectabilis (DC.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23:
230. 1930.
Tree with a short rusty-yellowish pilose puberulence on the
branchlets and leaflets beneath and corymbose axillary or terminal
inflorescences; leaflets (4) 8-15 pairs, oblong-elliptic, acutish to acu-
minate, 3-7.5 cm. long, about 1.5 cm. broad, glabrous or nearly
above, paler beneath, glands lacking; sepals 5-7 mm. long; petals
1.5-2.5 cm. long, the larger upper spreading, the two lower incurved;
perfect anthers 7, subequal, obtuse; pods subcylindrical, tardily
if at all dehiscing along one side, obscurely torulose, often 3 dm.
long or longer, 1.5 cm. thick. C. excelsa Schrad. is very similar but
the leaflets are mostly obtuse, the pods torulose. The determination
of my Peruvian specimen may be open to question since the pods
are distinctly quadrate. Section Chamaefistula.
182 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Junin: Shrub sprawling in sandy valley brush, 5437 (det. Rose).
Cuzco: Santa Ana, Cook & Gilbert 1504- Bolivia; Ecuador to
Central America and Trinidad.
Cassia spinescens Hoffm. ex Vog. Syn. Cass. 27. 1837; 545.
C. secedens Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 113. 1922, fide
Ducke.
Shrub well marked by the spinescent geminate stipules, these
stoutly conical, recurved, 5 mm. long; branchlets somewhat angled,
glabrous or obscurely puberulent toward the tips; leaflets (3) 5-6
pairs, ovate or oblong-elliptic, subcordate at base, acute, about
8 cm. long, 3-3.5 cm. broad, the lower pairs gradually smaller, with
a subcylindrical gland between all of them, glabrous above, mem-
branous, reticulate-veined, paler and slightly puberulent or glabrate
beneath; racemes axillary or terminal and panicled, the showy
crowded flowers on rusty-puberulent pedicels to 4 cm. long; sepals
subobtuse, lightly puberulent, the larger about 8 mm. long; petals
unequal, obscurely puberulent on the nerves, the larger to 3 cm.
long, fertile anthers 7, the larger rostrate; pods compressed, glabrous,
smooth, lustrous, the margins not enlarged, attenuate at base,
4-5 dm. long, 1-1.5 cm. broad, with impressed cross-lines. The
anthers in the Peruvian material are subequal, the larger one scarcely
long-rostrate as in the type and the branchlets scarcely angled.
Section Chamaesenna. F.M. Negs. 1748; 28017 (C. secedens).
Loreto: Rio Mazan, 6-meter shrub, Jose Schunke 180. Rio
Itaya, Killip & Smith 29824- Amazonian Brazil. "Retama con
espina."
Cassia Spruceana Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: 92.
1870; 514.
Tree with spreading crown, the branchlets and young leaves
minutely silky-puberulent, the latter glabrate in age; leaflets 3-5
pairs, obtuse to shortly acuminate, ovate-elliptic, typically acute
at base, 7-12 cm. long, about 5 cm. broad, lustrous above, paler
and opaque beneath, reticulate- veined both sides; petioles broadly
grooved above, glands none; racemes axillary or lateral on the older
branches below the leaves, laxly flowered, the bracts obtuse, caducous
before anthesis, about 5 mm. long, the pedicels 2.5 cm. long or longer;
sepals ovate, very obtuse, 10-12 mm. long; petals yellow with red
veins, obovate, subequal, about 2.5 cm. long; stamens nearly those
of C. fistula but the longer with slightly pubescent anthers; pods 3-6
FLORA OF PERU 183
dm. long, nearly 2.5 cm. thick, subterete, glabrous, the sutures
rather prominent. According to Ducke sometimes 30 meters high,
beautiful when covered with fragrant yellow flowers. C. Sagotiana
Benth. I.e. 93, of French Guiana, according to Ducke not specifically
distinguishable, has leaflets all obtuse, the sepals 6 mm. long, petals
to 18 mm. long, the intermediate anthers with longer basal lobes.
C. Rhonhofiana Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 15: 46. 1940,
of Ecuador has bright rose-colored petals, later pale yellow and acute
bracts. Illustrated, Trans. Linn. Soc. 27: pi. 60 (as C. Sprucei).
F.M. Neg. 28020.
Peru (possibly). Amazonian Brazil to Guiana.
Cassia swartzioides Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 5:
129. 1930.
Allied and apparently similar to C. Spruceana but, as to type,
leaflets 5-7 pairs, the larger commonly 6-8 cm. long, 3-3.5 cm. broad,
ovate or oblong-ovate, glabrous, obtuse or rounded at base, gradually
acuminate; racemes binate on the older branchlets below the leaves
attaining 1.5-2 dm., the flowering portion dense, ashy-puberulent,
the small bracts persisting even to anthesis, the pedicels then to
2 cm. long or longer; calyx segments to 1.5 cm. long, about 7 mm.
broad; petals subequal, barely clawed, white marked with rose
below, 1.5-2 cm. long, about 8 mm. broad.
Loreto: Iquitos, (Ducke, type).
Cassia tenella HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 365. 1824; 571. C.
foliosa G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 446. 1832?
Stems from a short ligneous rhizome, glabrous, as the rather
obscurely pinnately nerved leaflets, these 3-4 pairs, obovate-cuneate,
about 10 mm. long; gland shortly stipitate; flowers of medium
size on pedicels 16 mm. long. Stipules very small. As Bentham
indicated, the species of G. Don judging from the meager descrip-
tion may belong here.
Peru(?): Without locality, (Pawn, type, C. foliosa). Venezuela.
Cassia tomentosa L. f. Suppl. 231. 1781; 528. Adipera tomen-
tosa (L. f.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23: 241. 1930.
Simulating C. aurantia when in flower but the branchlets and
leaflets beneath conspicuously and softly yellowish-tomentose, the
latter puberulent above, and especially the pods subcompressed,
184 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
softly tomentose, usually 10 cm. long, 1 cm. broad; leaflets 6-8
pairs, oblong, acutish, 4 cm. long, 15 mm. broad, usually considerably
smaller, the glabrous dark-colored gland between each pair contrast-
ing with the dense tomentose pubescence of the leaf-rachis; racemes
often shorter than the leaves. Cultivated for ornament and for the
leaves, which are employed medically (Herrera). The flower buds
are used as an ingredient in stews. Illustrated, Ann. Jard. Bot.
Buitenzorg 21: pi. 22.
Cajamarca: Cutervo, (Raimondi). Ancash: Pomabamba, (Rai-
mondi). Lima: (Weberbauer, 166). Huanuco: Below Chavanillo,
shrub 3 meters, 1986. Chinchapalca, 1598. Amazonas: Chacha-
poyas, (Raimondi). Arequipa: Near Atiquipa, (Raimondi). Cuzco:
Huasao, 3,200 meters, (Herrera 909). Puno: Sandia, (Weberbauer,
237). Argentina to Mexico. "Alcaparra," "motoya," "huashlla,"
"mutui," "motuy."
Cassia Tora L. Sp. PI. 376. 1753; 535. Emelista Tora (L.)
Britton & Rose, in Britton & Wilson, Surv. Porto Rico 5: 371. 1924.
Slender, semi-woody, often 1 meter high, glabrate or slightly
puberulent; stipules subulate, about 1 cm. long; leaflets (2) 3 pairs,
oblong-obovate, broadly rounded at tip, glaucous, glabrous above,
somewhat puberulent beneath, usually 3-4 cm. long, about 2 cm.
broad, gland between lower pair; flowers axillary in few-flowered
racemes or solitary; sepals 6-8 cm. long; petals 9-12 mm. long;
perfect stamens 7, the 3 larger anthers erostrate; pods linear arcuate,
slightly quadrate, 1-2 dm. long or longer, 5 mm. broad, the seeds
longitudinal. With the pulp of the pods as also with the infusion
of the fresh leaves the natives purge themselves (Ruiz & Pa von).
Section Prososperma. Illustrated, Britton & Brown, 111. Fl. 2:
258; ed. 2. 2: 335.
Lima: Lurin and Huara, (Ruiz & Pavon). Loreto: Yurimaguas,
Williams 4834; 4443. Rio Nanay, Williams 257; 577. Rio Itaya,
Williams 130. Near Iquitos, Klug 1393; Williams 1305. Warm
regions. "Aya poroto," "canafistola cimarrona."
14. MARTIUSIA Benth.
Martia Benth.; Martiodendron Gleason.
Unarmed trees allied to Cassia technically but the leaves unequally
pinnate, the stipules, bracts and bractlets promptly caducous, the
sepals subvalvate or barely imbricate and the 4-5 subsessile stamens
FLORA OF PERU 185
with elongate unequal acuminate anthers. The genus may be known
in flower by the long-acuminate buds and in fruit by the large thin
flattened pods, the position of the solitary seed marked by a nerve
that forks above the base of the pod which is wing-margined from
base to apex. Gleason proposed a new name for the group in accord
with the International Rules before the agreement to submit such
name-conflicts to a committee or to propose them for conservation;
cf. the analogous situation as regards Apuleia.
Dicorynia Benth., rather similar, has 3 petals, 2 unequal stamens
but since of the northern Amazon region is scarcely to be expected.
Its timber has value and it furnishes a resin used in the making of
varnish (Ducke).
Martiusia elata Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 116.
1922. Martiodendron macrocarpon Gleason, Phytologia 1: 142.
1935.
Tree sometimes attaining 45 meters with ashy-white bark, large
pyramidal more or less rusty-sericeous inflorescences, the flower
buds as the puberulent anthers, long-acuminate; leaflets to 10 pairs,
subcoriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, usually a dm. or so long, 3 cm.
broad or narrower, finally glabrous; flower-buds to 1.5 cm. long, the
oblong yellow soon deciduous petals 14 mm. long, the largest anthers
slightly longer; pods 12-16 cm. long, 4.5-6 cm. broad, finely seri-
ceous. The Peruvian tree is forma occidentalis Ducke, Archiv. Inst.
Biol. Veg. Rio Jan. 4: 14. 1936 (forma angustifolia Ducke, Leg.
Amaz. Bras. 87. 1939), which is, according to Ducke, Gleason's
species. F.M. Neg. 28199.
Rio Acre: Near mouth of Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5401. Amazo-
nian Brazil.
15. SCHIZOLOBIUM Vog.
Tall trees with the general character of Caesalpinia but the
calyx segments only lightly imbricated, subequal, the ovary adnate
and the pods samaroid-like with a solitary albuminous seed at the
apex. Sepals reflexing, petals spreading, clawed. The fruit simulates
that of Platypodium while the leaflets suggest those of Poeppigia.
Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke, Archiv. Jard.
Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 117. 1922. S. excelsum Vog. var. amazonicum
Ducke ex Williams, Field Mus. Bot. 15: 205. 1936.
186 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Branchlets, petioles and ample panicles, at least the flower-buds,
minutely puberulent but soon glabrous; leaves several dm. long, with
15-20 pairs of pinnae that usually bear 10-20 pairs or more of oblong
leaflets, these firm, sparsely appressed strigillose beneath, rounded
at both ends, usually 2-3 cm. long, 5-8 mm. wide; pedicels articulated
above the middle to 6 mm. long or about as long as the calyx lobes;
petals yellow, glabrous, oblong-obovate, 10-12 mm. long; pods
rounded at tip, narrowed to the short stipe, 6-9 cm. long, to 3 cm.
wide at the seed, rather rugosely nerved. Attains 40 meters,
buttressed at base. Inhabits, according to Ducke, terra firma,
growing with great rapidity, the wood oatmeal-colored or almost
white, very light. S. parahybum (Vel.) Blake (S. excelsum Vog.)
of southern Brazil is frequently cultivated for ornament on the
upper Amazon; it has larger flowers and fruits, the pedicels twice
as long and not articulate.
Loreto: Rio Nanay, Williams 705. Ucayali, Huber 11522.
Rio Acre: Seringal San Francisco, Ule 9444- Mouth of Rio Macau-
han, Krukoff 5567. Amazonian Brazil. "Pashaco."
16. PARKINSONIA L.
Reference: Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb. 70: 61-63. 1924.
Slenderly branched trees or tall shrubs, the flowers in long
racemes, the few extremely elongating leaf-pinnae appearing clustered
by reason of the very short rachis, this apparently somewhat on a
spine. Rachis of the pinnae flattened and irregularly lined, as it
were, with few (rarely none) or sometimes a great many almost
minute leaflets. Calyx lobes distinctly imbricate in bud. Pods
terete and torulose (the Peruvian species). Named for an English
botanist, John Parkinson.
Ruiz suggested in his "Viaje" that "the leaf -stalks of this plant
could be used for their flexibility, length and strength to make
little baskets, mats and several other things especially if they were
prepared as is esparto grass and flax."
Parkinsonia aculeata L. Sp. PL 375. 1753.
Leaves sessile, the rachis of the 2-4 pinnae usually 2-4 dm. long;
leaflets oblong or sometimes narrower, 3-4 (6) mm. long; racemes
axillary, the few yellow flowers loosely borne on slender pedicels
about 1 cm. long, the petals nearly as long; pod turgid, constricted
between the 1-several seeds, narrowed at both ends, 5-10 (15) cm.
FLORA OF PERU 187
long, less than 1 cm. thick. Often cultivated in warm regions, at
least in Argentina, for hedges; said to be native to tropical America.
In Peru it belongs to the northern desert zone (Weberbauer, 153)
and the lower Sierra zone (Weberbauer, 162). The Goodspeed col-
lectors found it trailing to 3 meters on a flat dry mud plain and noted
it as a good soil binder and also abundant on the dry flats from
Trujillo to Chepe'n, where sometimes a shrub or tree to about
5 meters high. My specimens were from remotely scattered trees
that appeared bizarre in flower and fruit in early October on the
otherwise nearly sterile deep somewhat rocky desert sands of the
Colorado Pampa. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi. 76.
Piura: Talara, H aught 18. Negritos, HaughtF-65. lea: Nazca,
Soukup 1308. Ancash: Los Zorros, 30 kilometers, of Huarmei,
100 meters, Stork, Horton & Vargas 9195 (det. Johnst.). Near
Casma, 2569. Lima: Between Torreblanca and Lima, Ruiz &
Pavon. Libertad: Often the only plant on these dry areas, Chepe'n,
100 meters, Stork & Horton 10010 (det. Standl.). "Mataburro."
17. CERCIDIUM Tul.
Reference: Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb. 70: 61-68. 1924.
Shrubs or trees, the often tortuous branches usually armed with
short spines, the bipinnate (sometimes apparently simply pinnate)
leaves with 1-15 pairs of small leaflets. Rachis of pinnae borne
below the spines. Flowers yellow in short corymbs or often in
fasciculate racemes at the nodes of leafless branches. Bracts minute,
the bractlets often wanting. Calyx-tube shortly campanulate (disk-
like at base of young pods) on a stipe articulated with the slender
pedicel, the 5 segments subequal, induplicate-valvate or valvate.
Petals 5, oblong to orbicular, more or less clawed, imbricated, dis-
similar. Stamens 10, free, lightly pilose below, the anthers versatile.
Ovary stiped, attached obliquely or near base of calyx, the style
involute. Pods narrowly oblong, piano-compressed, membranous or
subcoriaceous, bivalved, the sutures nervelike, the valves obliquely
veined. Seeds ovate, albuminous.
Cercidium praecox (R. & P.) Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 91. 1908.
Caesalpinia praecox R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 4: pi. 376. 1802. Pomaria
glauca Cav. Descr. 466. 1802.
Bark bright green or that of the mostly leafless flowering branch-
lets greenish white or pale yellowish-green; nodose spines 2-10 mm.
long; pinnae 1-2 (3) pairs with about 6 pairs of light green, glabrous
188 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
(or ashy-pubescent fide Johnston), oblong, obtuse or scarcely acute
leaflets 3-4 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. wide; racemes only a cm. or two
long, 2-6-flowered, the puberulent or glabrate pedicels about 4 mm.
long; calyx divisions yellowish, 6 mm. long, acutish, lightly puberu-
lent; larger petals nearly 1 cm. long; pods shortly stiped, thin puber-
ulent or glabrate, oblong or oblanceolate, 3-5 cm. long, 1 cm. wide.
Small tree 2-3 meters high, the bright yellow flowers with red
spots on upper petals (West). Ascends to 1,600 (2,000) meters
( Weberbauer) .
Johnston has followed Harms in taking up a Ruiz & Pavon
name definitely identified but which was published (in this case
with analysis) only in the two or three known copies of plates to
volume 4 of their Flora; elsewhere in this work as in Capparidaceae,
Lauraceae, etc., I have adopted the same procedure. The type of
C. praecox is from Guayaquil according to the data on the specimen
at Madrid; its leaflets are not ashy-pubescent as described by
Johnston, which may throw some question on the validity of C.
australe Johnst. of Argentina, especially since Venturi 1037 of
Tucuman is ashy-pubescent. A photograph showing an association
with this tree is in Weberbauer opposite page 155. F.M. Negs.
1636; 29427 (Pomaria glauca).
Lambayeque: Desert plain bordering Chiclayo Valley, 75 meters,
West 3576 (det. Johnst.). Pucala to Pampa Grande, Raimondi.
Piura: Amotape Hills, Haught F-48. Cajamarca: Below Santa
Cruz, 1,300 meters, (Weberbauer 4155; 189). Maranon Valley, 2,000
meters, Weberbauer 1+260; 155. Ayacucho: Mayoc to Huanta,
Raimondi. Libertad: Prov. Patas, Raimondi. To West Indies and
Mexico. "Kalakel" (Weberbauer), "palo verde."
18. CAESALPINIA L.
Poinciana L.; Guilandina L.; Biancaea Todaro; Hoffmanseggia
Cav.
Smooth or somewhat armed perennial herbs, shrubs, trees, or
lianas, the stipules if present, simple or pinnate, the leaves bipinnate
(their leaflets various in number, size and texture), the flowers
yellow or red, often showy and in lax racemes in the upper axils
or panicled at the tips of the branchlets. Bracts small or rarely
large and membranous, bractlets wanting; calyx- tube short, the
lower of the 5 imbricate or subvalvate or valvate segments often
larger and concave or cymbiform, sometimes subequal. Petals 5,
FLORA OF PERU 189
orbicular spathulate or rarely oblong, sometimes dissimilar. Stamens
10, the filaments often villous or glandular, the anthers uniform,
longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary shortly stiped, free, the style fili-
form. Pods usually compressed or flat but sometimes turgid, dehis-
cent or indehiscent, the suture nerviform or thicker, the albuminous
or exalbuminous seeds often separated by tissue. Burkart in his
scholarly account of the species of Argentina and Uruguay, Revista
Agron. 3: 67-112. 1936, has called attention, I.e. 75, to the incon-
stancy of the calyx character, some species having valvate calyx
divisions that would place them, except for habit, in Hoffmanseggia;
the latter and later name therefore may be suppressed as already
done by Baillon and Fisher.
Genus important for the tannin content of the fruit of a num-
ber of species, notably the Peruvian tara (C. spinosa), which
yields 43-51 per cent and is cultivated in Africa; cf. Chevalier,
Rev. Bot. Appl. et Agric. Trop. 9 (93): 298-302; 9 (94): 377-381.
1929. According to an anonymous note in Bol. Mus. Hist. Nat.
"Javier Prado," Lima, 5: 282. 1941, C. spinosa is twice as rich in
tannin as are European species; the solution prepared for use
changes the color of leather very little but is effective; the writer
recommends its cultivation for export. This would appear to be
feasible since Wattle (Mimosa) bark of Australia, widely cultivated
elsewhere, has a tannin content of only 35 per cent. It is found
nearly everywhere in Peru to about 3,500 meters.
Stamens 4-6 cm. long; pedicels 4 cm. long, much longer in fruit;
leaflets many.
Leaflets 2-3 mm. wide C. Gilliesii.
Leaflets 6-10 mm. wide C. pulcherrima.
Stamens and pedicels much shorter.
Calyx segments unequal and more or less imbricate; plants tall.
Leaflets, at least mostly, only 4-8 mm. wide.
Pods rather thick; prickles few or none; flowers to 9 mm. long.
C. Paipai.
Pods compressed; flowers to 17 mm. long.
Leaflets glabrous; prickles few C. cassioides.
Leaflets pilose beneath; prickles many C. sepiaria.
Leaflets, at least mostly, (8) 10-12 mm. wide or wider.
Leaflets 3 cm. long or shorter; pods unarmed.
Sepals entire C. cassioides.
190 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Sepals fringed-dentate C. spinosa.
Leaflets 4 cm. long or longer; pods prickly C. Bonduc.
Calyx segments subequal, valvate; plants low.
Densely glutinous-glandular even to the leaves, these ternately
bipinnate C. ternata.
Stipitate-glandular if at all, at least not the bipinnate leaves.
Stipules fimbriate-glandular or deeply lacerate.
Stipules eglandular, conspicuous; pods glabrous.
C. stipulata.
Stipules glandular as also the bracts; pods tomentose.
C. miranda.
Stipules entire, or slightly glandular, small, caducous as also
the bracts.
Plants branching, more or less.
Flowers 5-6 mm. long; pods 4-5 mm. wide. . .C. viscosa.
Flowers 10-12 mm. long; pods about 6 mm. wide.
C. egena.
Plants cespitose or strict, eglandular unless above.
Plants eglandular; pinnae usually 3 pairs. . .C. prostrata.
Plants glandular above; pinnae 4-5 pairs. . .C. chicamana.
Caesalpinia Bonduc (L.) Roxb. Fl. Ind. 2: 362. 1832 (cf.
Dandy & Exell in Journ. Bot. 76: 175. 1938); 65. Guilandina
Bonduc L. Sp. PI. 1: 381. 1753. C. Crista L. I.e. 380, in part. G.
bonducella L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 1: 545. 1762. C. bonducella (L.) Fleming,
As. Res. 11: 159. 1810.
Climbing or clambering slightly pubescent prickly shrub, the
prickles on branchlets and leaves recurved; stipules apparently
wanting; leaflets 5-8 pairs, elliptic, obtuse, puberulent beneath,
lustrous above, 2-5 cm. long, 1.5-2.5 cm. broad; racemes narrow,
elongate, tomentulose, the yellowish flowers on pedicels only a
few mm. long; stamens shorter than the spathulate petals, these
about 1 cm. long, the puberulent sepals 6 mm. long; pods sub-
orbicular or ovate, compressed, usually bristly, 5-10 cm. long, 3-5
cm. broad with 1 or 2 subglobose yellow exalbuminous seeds.
C. Crista L., similar, is said to differ in being provided with 1-3
foliate subpersisting "pseudostipules" (Goebel) ; the pods are ovate-
oblong, the seeds (Nicher beans) gray or lead-colored. Both species
illustrated, Degener, Fl. Hawaii.
FLORA OF PERU 191
Peru: Without locality, probably cultivated, Ruiz & Pavdn.
Warm regions.
Caesalpinia cassioides Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 1 : 444. 1809.
C. insignis (Kunth) Spreng. Syst. 2: 344. 1825. Poinciana insignis
Kunth, Mimoseae 147. pi. 44- 1820. Caesalpinia bicolor C. H. Wright,
Kew Bull. 22. 1896. C. Andreana Micheli, Journ. Bot. 6: 193. 1892.
C. Pardoana Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 92. 1908.
Glabrous shrub or small tree, the virgate branchlets sparsely
armed with rather stout, somewhat recurved prickles; pinnae 2-5
pairs; leaflets broadly elliptic, or nearly subrotund, sometimes
slightly obovate, rounded at both ends or retuse, usually 2-2.5 cm.
long, 1.5 to nearly 2 cm. broad, rigid-chartaceous, opaque; racemes
terminal, few-flowered, the pedicels 6-8 mm. long, the glandular-
punctate calyx segments subequal and 7 mm. long except the lower,
this 10-12 mm. long, concave, spreading, caducous; petals orange
with red or purple veins, about 15 mm. long; stamens nearly 2 cm.
long; pods glabrous, stiped, compressed, the ventral margin straight,
the dorsal falcate, 4 cm. long, about 1.5 cm. broad. Harms sug-
gested, I.e., that connecting forms might be found between the type
of his species and that of Kunth; my 1342 seems to represent such
a transitional state, the leaflets on one flowering branch being
similar to those of C. cassioides. However, the latter as to type has
2 pairs of pinnae so it may be worth while to designate as var.
Pardoana (Harms) Macbr., comb, nov., the plant with 3-5 pairs
of pinnae, the flowers sometimes 2 cm. long, the leaflets usually
scarcely 1 cm. broad. The variety commemorates the name of a
former president of Peru. F.M. Negs. 1780; 1792 (C. Pardoana).
Cajamarca: Jan, Weberbauer 6183 (det. Harms). Prov. Jan,
at the mouth of the Rio Chinchipe, Bonpland, type. Between Balsas
and Celendin, (Weberbauer 4252, det. Harms, C. insignis). Ancash:
Huaraz, 2,600 meters, Weberbauer 3258; 173 (type, C. Pardoana).
Huanuco: Ambo, sprawling shrub in sliderock, 3162 (det. Harms,
C. Pardoana). Junin: Huartas, in round spreading clumps on rocky
slopes, 1342 (det. Harms, C. Pardoana). Amazonas: Chachapoyas,
(Lobb, type, C. bicolor). San Martin: Vitoc, (Maclean, det. Wright,
C. bicolor). Colombia. "Anicullo," "brasil."
Caesalpinia chicamana Killip & Macbr., spec. nov.
C. prostrata affinis; stipulis scariosis circa 3 mm. longis eglandu-
losis; caulibus petiolisque crispe pilosis et sparse stipitato-glandulosis;
192 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
pinnis 4-5 jugis; foliolis fere glabris; pedunculis 2-10 cm. longis;
bracteis caducissimis; calycibus sordide villosulis et plus minusve
glandulosis fere 1 cm. longis, laciniis membranaceis anguste oblongis;
petalis circa 12 mm. longis integris solum ad basin densissime glandu-
losis. Like the related species in this group (C. falcaria, C. prostrata,
C. viscosa) not very distinctive but from the material at hand appar-
ently merits recognition.
Libertad: Chicama Valley, Smyth 74 (type, U. S. Nat. Mus.).
Caesalpinia egena Macbr., comb. nov. Hoffmanseggia viscosa
(R. & P.) H. & A. var. egena Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 93. 1930.
Like C. viscosa but apparently constantly with much larger
flowers; petals 10-12 mm. long, 4 with claw 2 mm. long, 1 with claw
5 mm. long, all glabrous or obscurely glandular; stems scarcely at
all glandular punctate; leaves glabrous, glaucous; filaments densely
glandular nearly to tips, pilose below; pods about 6 mm. broad.
Nearly C. fakaria (Cav.) Fisher but the calyx glabrous instead of
ashy puberulent; cf. note under C. viscosa.
Arequipa: Tiabaya, 2,100 meters, Pennell 13073. Moquehua:
Mt. Estuquina, rainy-green formation, Weberbauer 741 9 A, type.
Caesalpinia Gilliesii [Hook.] Wall, ex Hook. Bot. Misc. 1:
129. pi. 34, as synonym. 1829. Poinciana Gilliesii Hook. I.e. Ery-
throstemon Gittiesii (Wall.) Klotzsch, in Link, Klotzsch & Otto, Ic.
PI. 2: 97. 1844.
Well marked by the simple terminal many-flowered racemes of
large flowers conspicuous especially because of the long-exserted
red stamens, the petals yellowish, 2-3 cm. long; pinnae 7-14 pairs
with 6-10 pairs of elliptic glabrous membranous scarcely acutish
leaflets, mostly 5-10 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad; branchlet tips,
pedicels and calyces conspicuously glandular; fruiting pedicels to
2.5 cm. long; pods 7-10 cm. long, 1.5-2 cm. broad, punctate-glan-
dular, pubescent on the margin. Shrub 1-3 meters high. Much
cultivated in warm regions and in English-speaking countries known
as "bird of paradise." Sandeman, in his "A Forgotten River" 100,
1929, notes that C. Gilliesii with lemon-colored flowers and bright
crimson stamens is much used as a hedge plant in the neighborhood
of Lima. It was also observed by Mathews in cultivation. Illus-
trated, Bot. Mag. pi. 4006.
Peru (cultivated). Argentina; Uruguay.
FLORA OF PERU 193
Caesalpinia miranda (Sandw.) Macbr., comb. nov. Hoffman-
seggia miranda Sandw. Kew Bull. 99. 1934.
Low shrub, the ultimate branchlets slender, obscurely angled,
more or less ashy-pubescent with very few stipitate glands inter-
mixed; stipules lanceolate-subulate, pilose, 3-5 mm. long, the margins
and tips strikingly fimbriate with long stiped glands, the caducous
bracts similarly pubescent, 4-5 mm. long; pinnae 3-5 pairs, with
3-5 pairs of oblong or obovate-oblong leaflets, obliquely rounded
or subcordate at base, broadly rounded at tip, 2-6.5 mm. long, 1.5-4
mm. wide, rigid, eglandular, pilose both sides and prominently venose
especially beneath; racemes elongate, densely stipitate glutinous-
glandular, the recurving pedicels 3-4 mm. long; calyx lobes 6-8 mm.
long; petals 11-13 mm. long, glabrous but conspicuously margined
with black eglandular filiform appendages to 2 mm. long; stamens 10,
pilose especially toward the base; pods densely tomentose, 1 cm. long,
2 mm. broad.
Arequipa: Mollendo, (Stafford K53, type); Hitchcock 18982;
22408.
Gaesalpinia Paipai R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 4: pi. 375. 1802. C.
glabrata HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 326. 1824. C. corymbosa Benth.
PI. Hartw. 117. 1843. Libidibia corymbosa (Benth.) Britton &
Killip, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 35: 189. 1936.
Unarmed shrub or low tree, typically glabrous except for the
branchlet tips and the more or less corymbose inflorescence, this
shorter than the leaves; pinnae 3-8 pairs; leaflets 4-10 pairs, oblong-
elliptic, quite obtuse, ordinarily about 8 mm. long, 3-4 mm.
broad; bracts minute; pedicels 6-8 mm. long, the yellow flowers
about as long, the stamens slightly exserted, villous at base; pods
shortly stiped, 7 cm. long or longer, 12-14 mm. thick, rather fleshy-
coriaceous and somewhat torulose. Gray wrote, regarding the
Wilkes' specimen, "apparently intermediate between the C. glabrata
and C. corymbosa which may with probable reason be united."
Weberbauer 5994, which was designated in herbaria as a new species,
may become var. pubens Macbr., var. nov., ubique puberulis
praecipue foliolis subtus. Following precedent (cf. Cercidium) I
adopt the name of Ruiz and Pa von published with floral analysis;
the authors noted in their journal, "luxuriant tree valued in carpentry
for the strength of its wood, its pods used for a black dye and to make
a very good ink."
194 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Cajamarca: Magdalena, Bonpland (type, C. glabrata). Nancho,
(Raimondi). Piura: Near Serran, 200 meters, Weberbauer 5994 (type
the var.). Cerro Prieto, Amotape Hills, HaughtFl 03. Rio Quirros,
(Raimondi). Ancash: Santa, (Raimondi}. Libertad: Trujillo, (Rai-
mondi). Lima: Chancay and Huara, Ruiz & Pav6n, type. Near
Obrajillo, ( Wilkes Exped.) . Amazonas : Bagua, (Raimondi) . Loreto :
10-meter tree in clearing, Killip & Smith 26922. Ecuador.
"Charan," "chara," "pai-pai," "paypay" (Raimondi).
Caesalpinia prostrata (Lag.) Macbr., comb. nov. Hoffman-
seggia prostrata Lag. ex DC. Prodr. 2: 485. 1825. Larrea gracilis
R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 4: pi. 377. 1802, not C. gracilis Benth. Hoffman-
seggia gracilis (R. & P.) H. & A. in Hook. Bot. Misc. 3: 209. 1833.
H. pilosa [R. & P.] G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 434. 1832.
Cespitose, lightly ashy-villous perennial, the subequal leaves and
long-peduncled racemes prostrate or ascending from a simple or
little-branched lignescent caudex; stipules lanceolate-acuminate,
strongly striate, entire; pinnae 2-6 pairs, with 4-6 pairs of oblong-
elliptic evenose obtuse leaflets, mostly 7 mm. long, about 2 mm.
broad; racemes to 15 cm. long, the flowering portion scarcely a
third as long; pedicels 3-4 mm. long; calyx 6 mm. long, slightly
exceeded by the orange or orange-red, sometimes spotted petals,
the stamens included; pods ashy-puberulent, nearly straight, 3 cm.
long, 4 mm. broad or somewhat larger. There is no glandular
pubescence. C. falcaria (Cav.) Fisher is branching and glandular
above. Grows in sandy open places. F.M. Neg. 29418.
Lima: Surco, Ruiz & Pavdn. Arequipa: Tingo, 2,200 meters,
Pennett 13120. Near Arequipa, south of Mollendo, salty nitrate
soil, bushy perennial, Pennett 13175; back of beach, Eyerdam 25169
(det. Johnston). Atico and Atiquipa, (Raimondi). Tiabaya, Pennell
13082. Moquehua: Torata, open mixed formation, Weberbauer
7419. Chile.
Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Swartz, Obs. Bot. 166. 1791;
67. Poinciana pulcherrima L. Sp. PI. 380. 1753.
Completely glabrous more or less glaucous sparsely prickly shrub
or small tree with ample 5-9 pinnate leaves and elongate axillary and
terminal racemes of showy yellow, orange or red flowers with long-
exserted often scarlet stamens that are borne on very long slender
pedicels; stipules caducous, pinnate; pinnae 1-3 dm. long, with
6-12 pairs of subsessile oblong leaflets, oblique at base, rounded
FLORA OF PERU 195
and mucronate at tip, thin, paler beneath, commonly about 2 cm.
long, 12 mm. wide; pedicels to 9 cm. long; lower larger sepal 1.5 cm.
long; petals red (or yellow), about 2-2.5 cm., crisped on margin,
4 cuneately clawed, the upper middle one with long claw and greatly
reduced, often tubular; stamens to 6 cm. long; pod obliquely oblong,
acuminate, 6-12 cm. long to 2 cm. broad, dehiscing, the 6-8 separated
seeds albuminous (Benth.). Commonly cultivated in the tropics, the
native region unknown. The false Poinciana, Delonix regia (Boyer)
Raf., a much larger tree with sepals valvate, oblong, subequal,
stamens shorter than petals, these pubescent at the subequal claws,
numerous pinnae, the small leaflets puberulent beneath, the pods
very large, is to be expected; native to Madagascar it is often cul-
tivated in warm regions as the "Flame Tree" or the "Poinciana."
Illustrated, Degener, Fl. Hawaii.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 5475. Shapaja, (Sandemari).
Pongo de Cainarachi, Klug 2605. Loreto: Rio Nanay, Williams 411.
Leticia, Williams 3060. Rio Itaya, Williams 214- Puno: Soukup
330. Tropical regions. "Angel sisa," "huaika sisal."
Gaesalpinia sepiaria Roxb. Fl. Ind. 2, pt. 2: 360. 1832. Biancaea
sepiaria (Roxb.) Todaro, Hort. Bot. Panorm. 3. 1876.
Spreading or straggling shrub, prickly even to the puberulent
tapering rachis of the 4-10 pinnate leaves, these to several dm. long,
the pinnae with 7-12 pairs of oblong or slightly obovate-elliptic
leaflets, rounded at apex, oblique at base, 10-15 (20) mm. long,
lightly pilose beneath or glabrate; flowers pale yellow, somewhat
pendent, borne in axillary or terminal racemes 2 dm. long or longer;
calyx- tube 2 mm. long, the lobes more than twice as long, the lowest
one concave and slightly larger; petals unequal, 9 and 12 mm. long,
4 and 8 mm. wide; stamens about 12 mm. long; pods oblong, nearly
straight, glabrous, coriaceous, 5-9 cm. long, about 2 cm. wide with
4-8 seeds, these black, marked with yellowish-brown. The prickles
on the leaves are recurved. Often naturalized in warm regions.
Illustrated, Degener, Fl. Hawaii.
Lima: Rimac Valley near Lima, 100 meters, Grant 7414- India.
Caesalpinia spinosa (Molina) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 3, pt. 2:
54. 1898. Poinciana spinosa Molina, Sagg. Nat. Chile 158. 1782.
C. Tara R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 4. pi. 374. 1802. C. pectinata Cav. Descr.
467. 1802. Coulteriatinctoria HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 261. pi. 569.
1824. Caesalpinia tinctoria (HBK.) Dombey ex DC. in syn., Prodr.
196 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
2: 481. 1825. Tara spinosa (Molina) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23:
320. 1930.
Stocky shrub or tree with spreading spinose gray-barked densely
leafy branchlets and narrow racemes of reddish-yellow flowers;
leaves smooth or sparsely and shortly prickly with 2-3 pairs of
pinnae, these often 1 dm. long and with about 8 pairs of subsessile
firm reticulate-veined oblong-elliptic glabrous leaflets (or these
obscurely puberulent beneath as the rachi), oblique at base, rounded
at apex, commonly about 2.5 cm. long, 1 cm. wide; racemes 8-12 cm.
long, the puberulent pedicels 5 mm. long, articulate below the short
calyx-tube; larger calyx segments serrulate, about 6 mm. long, the
petals less than twice as long, about as long as the stamens; pods
often red or reddish.
Commonly planted for tanning (cf. generic description) and as
a source of a dye. Powder within the pod used as an eye wash
(K. & S.). The names of Molina when identified without doubt
should be accepted; cf. Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb. 70: 90-91.
1924, for well-taken observations on this matter.
Lima: Chosica, along irrigation ditch, Mexia 04004- Atocongo,
among large rocks, 10 meters high, Mexia 04048. Matucana, 265.
Prov. Canete, Vargas 9311. Huanuco: Dombey. Conchamarca,
Woytkowski 132. Ambo, Sawada P105. Junin: Tarma, Killip
& Smith 21852. Ayacucho: Huanta, Killip & Smith 23331
Cuzco: Herrera 3432; 1519. San Sebastian, Pennell 13627. Tacna:
Rusby 2358. "Tara," "tanino," "algarroba," "taya."
Caesalpinia stipulata (Sandw.) Macbr., comb. nov. Hoffman-
seggia stipulata Sandw. Kew Bull. 181. 1939.
A low shrub, in many respects similar to C. miranda but the
strongly imbricate stipules eglandular, 5-8.5 mm. long, usually
3-5 mm. broad, regularly and deeply toothed; leaflets 5-9 pairs,
suborbicular to obovate-oblong, glabrous or rarely sparsely ciliate;
pedicels glabrous as the calyces except at tip; petal appendages
white; pods glabrous, more than 2.5 cm. long, 7 mm. broad. Lacks
the glandulosity of C. miranda. Three to 6 meters high in sandy
dips on open hillsides, the flowers orange.
Arequipa: Mejia, south of Mollendo, (Stafford 899, type).
Caesalpinia ternata (Phil.) Macbr., comb. nov. Hoffmanseggia
ternata Phil. Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, Bot. 79: 19. 1891.
FLORA OF PERU 197
Intricately and flexuosely branched under-shrub, especially the
branchlets inordinately glutinous-glandular; leaves ternate, the 3
pinnae with 5 pairs of oblong-elliptic obtuse leaflets, 4-6 mm. long,
2-3 mm. broad, more or less glandular, ciliate; racemes 2-3 cm.
long, little if at all exceeding the leaves, the few flowers on pedicels
2-3 mm. long, longer in fruit and reflexing; calyces 3 mm. long, the
flame-colored petals twice as long; pods falcate to 3 cm. long, 4 mm.
broad, glandular.
Tacna: Near Tacna, 650 meters, Werdermann 719. Chile.
Caesalpinia viscosa (R. & P.) Macbr., comb. nov. Larrea
viscosa R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 4: pi. 377. 1802. Hoffmanseggia viscosa
H. & A. in Hook. Bot. Misc. 3: 209. 1833.
Much branched, the curved or flexuous ascending branchlets
densely stipitate glandular, the leaflets glabrous or typically margin-
ally glandular, oblong-elliptic, rounded both ends, glaucous, usually
4-5 mm. long, about half as broad, commonly about 6 pairs on 3
pairs of pinnae; racemes exceeding the leaves, the slender pedicels
several mm. long; calyces glabrous or nearly, 3 mm. long, the entire
subequal (1 with longer narrower claw) petals about twice as long,
glabrous or with a few marginal glands; stamens included, medially
glandular and pilose toward the base; pods falcate, glandular, the
margins more or less pilose, 2-2.5 cm. long, scarcely or barely 5 mm.
broad, falcate. C. fakaria (Cav.) Fisher, Bot. Gaz. 18: 122. 1893,
of Bolivia and Patagonia is eglandular below, typically at least more
herbaceous, and the falcate pods are somewhat broader. A specimen
from Yura, Department of Arequipa, collected by Karl Schmidt
is probably an undescribed related species but is without flowers
or fruit, glands lacking, the leaflets ashy-puberulent beneath.
Piura: Paita, shale cliff above sea, Pennell 14818; Cockerell.
Parinas Valley, Haught F118. Lima: Quive, open rocky slope,
Pennell 14306. Chosica, rocky gulch, 491; 2867; Mexia 04006
(det. Johnst.). Yangas, Wilkes Exped. Near Lima, Ruiz & Pavdn;
Dombey. Huancavelica: Below Surcubamba, Weberbauer 6487.
Apurimac: 2,300 meters, Weberbauer 5857.
19. PHYLLOCARPUS Riedel.
An unarmed tree with abruptly pinnate leaves and showy
purple flowers with only 2 petals borne in short racemes often
fasciculate at the nodes of leafless branchlets. Bracts and bractlets
promptly caducous. Calyx-tube very short, the limb segments 4,
198 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
imbricate. Stamens diadelphous, the uniform anthers versatile.
Ovary stiped, the filiform style slightly clavate at tip. Pod oblong,
subfalcate, piano-compressed, thin, the upper suture narrowly
winged, the medially placed seed exalbuminous. Pods simulate
those of Derris and Platycyamus. A beautiful tree when covered
with flowers, the foliage then lacking; wood white, spongy, without
value (Ducke).
Phyllocarpus Riedelii Tul. Ann. Sci. Nat. se>. 2. 20: 143.
1843; 62.
Young branchlets, petioles and racemes except the colored calyces
minutely rusty tomentulose; leaflets 6-8 pairs, opposite, subsessile,
oblong-elliptic, rounded both ends, slightly puberulent or glabrate,
lustrous above, mostly about 3 cm. long, 2 cm. wide; calyx segments
orbicular-concave, strongly imbricate, 6-7 mm. long; 2 lateral petals
obovate, equaling the calyx, the lower reduced or wanting; stamens
about twice as long as the calyx, 9 connate above the middle; ovary
glabrous; pod 8-10 cm. long, 3.5-4 cm. wide including the narrow
wing, reticulate-veiny. Bentham, I.e., gives in synonymy P. ptero-
carpus Riedel ex Walp. Bot. Rep. 1: 803. 1842, but the name actually
does not occur there or in Endl. Gen. Suppl. 2: 97. 1842, as indicated
by Kew Index. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi 19.
Rio Acre: Seringal Auristella, Ule 9447; 9448 (det. Harms).
Rio Macauhan, terra firma, Krukoff 5651. Brazil.
20. DICYMBE Spruce
Trees with abruptly or subimparipinnate leaves (the leaflets
coriaceous) and corymbose paniculate white or roseate flowers,
these completely enclosed before anthesis by the fleshy coriaceous
bractlets. Calyx-tube turbinate, thick, the 4 divisions imbricate,
often bifid apically. Petals 5, subequal, imbricate. Stamens 10,
free, the filaments pilose at base, the anthers uniform, linear, longi-
tudinally dehiscent. Ovary shortly stiped, free, several-ovuled, the
style elongate with peltate stigma. Pods compressed. Thylacanthus
Tul. (T. ferrugineus Tul., 60) of the Amazonian valley is similar
apparently but the bractlets are spreading at anthesis, the flowers
yellow, the filaments connate at base.
Dicymbe amazonica Ducke, Archiv. Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio Jan.
15. 1938.
Branchlets terete, the younger more or less ashy-puberulent as
the inflorescence and leaflets beneath, the last 2-4 or sometimes
FLORA OF PERU 199
5 or 7 pairs, the glabrous petiolules 4-5 mm. long, the blades lanceo-
late-ovate or oblong, usually rounded or obtuse at base, long and
rather abruptly acuminate, subcoriaceous, scarcely lustrous, con-
colored, usually 8 cm. long, half as broad, the nerves slender, the
veins subobsolete; pedicels 10-12 mm. long, densely villous; bractlets
densely ashy-sericeous to 15 mm. long, 8 mm. broad; flowers white,
the glabrous calyx-tube 4 mm. long, the glabrous sepals about 3
times as long, the inner 2 oblong; petals 25-32 mm. long, 12-18 mm.
broad at tip, obovate, long-clawed, in bud lineately pilose, after
anthesis the pilosity only on the claw and sparse; pods (immature)
12 cm. long, 2.5 cm. broad, piano-compressed, ligneous, rusty-tomen-
tose, subsessile, strongly inequilateral at base, obliquely subacute
at apex, the upper suture elevated. Type from Sao Paulo de
Olivenca. The other Amazonian species is D. corymbosa Spruce, 60,
the leaflets only 2 pairs.
Peru (probably). Brazil.
21. SCLEROLOBIUM Vog.
Trees with oddly or subabruptly pinnate leaves, the opposite
leaflets rather large, coriaceous or thick, and small, usually abundant
yellow or white flowers borne densely in paniculate racemes or spikes.
Stipules small or sometimes subpersisting and f oliaceous, often foliate
or pectinate. Bracts minute, more or less caducous, the bractlets
wanting. Calyx campanulate with 5 subequal imbricate sepals.
Petals filiform, linear or narrowly obovate, glabrous or pilose. Sta-
mens 10, free, the equal or unequal filaments often villous below,
the anthers longitudinally cleft, versatile. Ovary few-ovuled, shortly
stiped, the stipe free, the filiform style with terminal stigma. Pod
flat, sometimes wing-margined, indehiscent, ovate or oblong, the 1-f ew
compressed seeds with thin albumin and thin foliaceous cotyledons
(Amshoff).
Petals glabrous unless at base.
Leaves at least the newer lustrous beneath by the dense fine
appressed indument; stipules caducous.
Flowers sessile S. chrysophyllum.
Flowers pedicellate S. paniculatum.
Leaves glabrate or at least not lustrously pubescent; stipules
pectinate.
Leaves more or less acuminate, concolor S. tinctorium.
Leaves acute, bicolor by the dense puberulence S. rigidum.
200 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Petals densely pilose or villous; stipules foliaceous.
Flowers subsessile, the pedicels little if at all exceeding 0.5 mm.;
leaflets several pairs S. setiferum.
Flowers pedicellate, the pedicels at least 1 mm. long; leaflets
2-3 pairs in type S. hypoleucum.
Sclerolobium chrysophyllum Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. &
Sp. 3: 60. pi. 266. 1845; 49.
Branchlets and petioles more or less sulcately angled, the latter
sometimes inflated toward the base, early rusty-puberulent but
soon glabrous; leaflets 4-8 pairs, nearly oblong, strongly oblique
at base, shortly acuminate, lustrous and glabrous above or sparsely
and obscurely puberulent, densely appressed sericeous beneath with
fine often yellow trichomes, mostly 12-15 cm. long, 4-5 cm. broad,
the stout petiolules about 5 mm. long; spikes densely panicled, the
ashy or rusty-appressed sericeous calyces subsessile, about 4 mm.
long; petals linear, glabrous; filaments pilose; pods oblong, sub-
ligneous. Tree to 30 meters with dense ovate crown (Poeppig).
S. physophorum Huber, Bol. Mus. Goeldi 6: 80. 1909, is described
as having the lower leaflets cordate at base, all abruptly caudate-
acuminate, the petioles strongly inflated. Inasmuch as the petiole
character is present on the Poeppig specimen the validity of Huber's
species may be open to question. F.M. Neg. 1799.
Loreto: Middle Ucayali, Tessmann 5429 (det. Harms). Rio
Acre: Mouth of Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5469. Brazil.
Sclerolobium hypoleucum Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt.
2: 48. 1870.
Branchlets and petioles minutely ashy-tomentulose, soon gla-
brate; stipules foliaceous, broadly ovate, sometimes 3 foliolate, the
terminal 12-18 mm. long and nearly as broad, the lateral smaller
or lacking; leaflets 2-3 pairs, slenderly petiolulate, ovate, rounded
at base, acuminate, mostly 5-10 cm. long, 4-8 cm. broad, becoming
coriaceous, glabrous and lustrous above, early lustrous, ashy-sericeous
beneath but the fine trichomes deciduous in age revealing the close
reticulate venation; spikes panicled, divaricate, the distinctly
pediceled but crowded flowers very fragrant, their filiform petals
long-pilose; calyx scarcely 4 mm. long, sericeous pubescent; filaments
exserted, pilose at base; pods oval, 3.5-4 cm. long, 2.5 cm. broad,
with 1 seed. Tree 10-15 meters with dense crown (Spruce). Related
Amazonian species include S. odoratissima Spruce ex Benth., 48, leaflets
FLORA OF PERU 201
concolor, only minutely and sparsely pubescent beneath, 4-6 pairs,
oblong; S. paraense Huber, Bol. Mus. Goeldi 6: 79. 1909, similar
but the glabrous leaflets 2-4 pairs, lanceolate-oblong to 6 cm. wide,
three times longer; much like it is S. melanocarpum Ducke, Archiv.
Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio Jan. 2: 43. 1935, but stipules lacking, petioles
grooved, leaflets 4-6 pairs, obovate-oblong, a third shorter, the
petal trichomes long, crisped, yellow. Finally there is S. eriopetalum
Ducke, I.e. 41, with golden pilose petals but the leaflets of S. panicu-
latum except that they are more rigid and yellowish beneath.
F.M. Neg. 1804.
Peru (perhaps). Amazonian Brazil.
Sclerolobium paniculatum Vog. Linnaea 11: 397. 1837; 47.
Large tree, the well-petioled leaves with usually 4-6 pairs of
oblong-elliptic or ovate-oblong-lanceolate thickish leaflets that are
densely, usually lustrously, appressed sericeous villous beneath,
finally glabrate and green above, oblique at base, acute, commonly
7-10 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide; pedicels to 2 mm. long, ashy-tomentose-
pilose as the shorter calyces, these with ovate obtuse lobes twice as
long as the cupulate tube; petals filiform, glabrous, little exserted, the
filaments more conspicuous by virtue of their dense pilosity; ovary
silky-pilose equaled or exceeded by the glabrous style; pods often
oblong, blunt both ends, glaucescent, 14-16 mm. wide to 5 cm.
long when 2-seeded, when 1-seeded shorter and the wing-like margin
about equal both ends. According to Williams the bark is reddish-
brown, the durable timber used for house-posts and construction.
S. Goeldianum Huber, Bol. Mus. Goeldi 6: 78. 1909, might be sought
here; its leaflets are little oblique at the rounded base, finally gla-
brescent. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi 12.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4942; Williams 5701 (det. Harms).
Lamas, Belshaw 3477. Brazil; Dutch Guiana. "Ucsha-cuiro."
Sclerolobium rigidum Macbr., sp. nov.
Arbor 8 m. alta ramulis paullo angulatis, junioribus breviter
ferrugineo-hirsutulis demum glabratis; stipulis subpersistentibus
setaceo-pectinatis ad 12 mm. longis; petiolis valde canaliculatis;
foliolis circa 4-5-jugis crasse petiolulatis (petiolulis 5-7 mm. longis
cum rhachidibus dense ferrugineo-hirsutulis) fere oblongis basi
valde inaequilateris apice obtusis vel breviter acuminatis ad 15 cm.
longis, 5 cm. latis, rigide coriaceis supra subglabris nitidis subtus
dense cano fulvo-sericeo-pubescentibus vix vel haud nitentibus et
202 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
ad nervos ferrugineo-hirsutulis, nervis prominentibus imprimis subtus
venulis reticulatis paullo notatis; paniculis dense rufo-velutino-
hirsutulis amplis; floribus sessilibus, sepalis molliter pubescentibus
4 mm. longis, petalis filiformibus glabris 3 mm. longis; filamentis
ad basin aureo-hirsutis; ovario libro aureo-hispido. Apparently
related to S. bracteosum Harms, Verb. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 48: 167.
1907, with leaflets half as broad as long, stipules caducous, bracts
subpersistent conspicuously exceeding the flowers.
Loreto: Pomayacu, 1,000 meters, Klug 3239, type.
Sclerolobium setiferum Ducke, Archiv. Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio
Jan. 2: 42. 1935.
A large tree with striately sulcate branchlets, the younger finely
ashy-pubescent as the narrowly canaliculate petioles and rachi
becoming glabrate; stipules foliaceous, subpersisting with several
strongly revolute rather broad divisions; leaflets 7-9 pairs (petio-
lules 5-9 mm. long), oblong, rounded and scarcely if at all in-
equilateral at base, usually shortly acuminate to 13 cm. long, 3.5
cm. broad, coriaceous, glabrate above, densely appressed tomen-
tulose beneath, the indument at first yellowish, finally canes-
cent; veins prominent, reticulate beneath, the nerves impressed
above; flowers sessile or subsessile, the ashy sericeous calyx to 4 mm.
long, the linear petals densely yellow- tomentose; filaments pubescent
at base with rigid reflexed yellowish setae. S. subbidlatum Ducke,
I.e., has concolor leaflets, hispidulous on the nerves and veins beneath,
the stamens long yellowish-pilose nearly to the tips, the petals
sparsely so. Also to be expected (found as near Peru as Sao Paulo
de Olivenca) is S. amplifolium Ducke, I.e. 43, leaflets mostly 15 cm.
long, 6 cm. broad or larger, densely sericeous beneath, the petals
and filaments yellow-pilose. S. Herthae Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart.
Berlin 15: 46. 1940, of Ecuador is compared by the author to S.
amplifolium but leaflets not at all lustrous beneath (they are scarcely
so however in Ducke's species, at least the mature ones), 7-15 cm.
long, 2-5 cm. wide, puberulent on the nerves beneath, pilose on the
nerves above, but the flowers are 4 mm. long, golden yellow, larger
than those of S. eriopetalum Ducke.
Rio Acre: Seringal Iracema, (Ducke). Brazil.
Sclerolobium tinctorium Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. Misc.
2: 236. 1850; 49. S. Uleanum Harms, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb.
48: 168. 1906. S. Weberbaueri Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 18: 235.
1922.
FLORA OF PERU 203
Young branchlets rusty-pubescent; stipules rigid with setaceous
divisions, caducous; leaflets 4-8 pairs, oblong-lanceolate, obliquely
rounded and inequilateral at base, typically rather long-acuminate,
7-10 cm. long, (2) 3-3.5 cm. broad, glabrate or sparsely hirtellous
both sides, but lustrous above, firm-chartaceous not at all rugose;
panicles ashy-tomentulose, the trichomes minute, the flowers sessile
on panicled spikes; calyx slightly yellowish-sericeous, 2.5 mm. long,
the longer filiform petals glabrous or with a few cilia at base, the
filaments nearly twice as long and abundantly golden-hirsute below;
pods 6 cm. long, 2 cm. broad. Attains 15 meters or 20, and, fide
Williams, used as S. paniculatum. The Peruvian material has some-
what narrower leaves; S. Uleanum is a little more pubescent, the
trichomes short; in S. Weberbaueri the deciduous bracts exceed the
calyces as in Klug 3291 referred by Harms himself to S. Uleanum.
S. guianense Benth., I.e. 237, seems to be the same except the pubes-
cence is longer as in S. Radlkoferi Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 6: 26.
1896. It seems probable that one variable species is concerned which
can be broken up into several "small" species or varieties. Ducke
has described S. macropetalum, Archiv. Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio Jan. 2:
41. 1935, with the key characters of the above species but in many
respects suggesting S. hypoleucum but the pedicels 3-6 mm. long,
petals to 4 mm. long, obovate-oblong. F.M. Negs. 1810; 1803.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Ule 6450 (type, S. Uleanum). Near
Moyobamba, Klug 3291 (det. Harms, S. Uleanum); Weberbauer
4529 (type, S. Weberbaueri). Lamas, Williams 6467 (det. Harms,
S. Uleanum). Bolivia to the Guianas.
22. CAMPSIANDRA Benth.
Unarmed trees, the imparipinnate leaves with often thick rather
large leaflets, the flowers yellow or rose and borne in short racemes
corymbosely panicled. Stipules, bracts and bractlets if present small
and caducous. Calyx campanulate, with disk, its lobes as the ob-
longish petals imbricate. Stamens 15-60, free. Ovary shortly
stiped or sessile, free in the calyx-tube, the style filiform or short.
Pod large, flattened, straight or curved, piano-compressed, coriaceous,
bivalved, the big seeds exarillate with fragile testa, without albumin,
the radicle short.
Campsiandra angustifolia Spruce ex Benth. in Mart. Fl.
Bras. 15, pt. 2: 55. 1870.
Branchlets and young leaves minutely tomentulose, the many-
flowered inflorescence rusty tomentose, the flowers roseate, 7 mm.
204 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
long; petiole grooved and angled above; leaflets 9-13, subsessile,
usually oblong, acuminate, scarcely coriaceous, slenderly veined
both sides, the veins subparallel, 7.5-20 cm. long; pedicels 6-12 mm.
long; calyx scarcely more than 4 mm. long, its segments slightly
shorter than the disk; anthers hirtellous; ovary short, subsessile,
the style short, pod reddish tomentose, 2 dm. long, 5 cm. broad, the
large seeds with thin margin. Bentham questioned if the pod
described belonged to the flowering specimen and probably it does
not, since the Killip and Smith specimen has glabrous pods 1-1.5
dm. long, to 6 cm. wide, venose, flat, thin, apiculate. To 15 meters;
flowers wine red and white (Klug).
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 1196 (det. Harms); Killip & Smith
29977 (det. Killip). Brazil.
Campsiandra laurifolia Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2: 94.
1840; 54. C. rosea Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 62. pi 268.
1845.
Apparently rather like C. angustifolia; leaflets 11-13 rarely 9,
oblong or oblong-elliptic, 2.5-5 cm. wide, finally coriaceous, lustrous
and glabrate above, the veins scarcely conspicuous, opaque beneath
and there the primary veins elevated, reticulate- veiny; pedicels
12-18 mm. long, articulate beneath the calyx, this 5 mm. long, the
obtuse lobes barely 2 mm. long; petals roseate without, white within,
broadly oblong, 10 mm. long or shorter; anthers often hirtellous;
ovary glabrous, stiped; pod (young) narrowly margined at its
dorsal suture, becoming 5 dm. long, 1 dm. broad or larger, coriaceous,
lustrous, the compressed orbiculate seeds margined. C. comosa
Benth., I.e. 93, has 9-foliate leaves, calyx lobes 3-4 mm. long, petals
12 mm. long, 5 mm. wide. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2:
pi 15.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 1375 (det. Harms). La Victoria,
Williams 2871 . Caballo-Cocha, Williams 345. Rio Nanay, Williams
1142. Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 92. Brazil. "Haucapu-rana."
23. RECORDOXYLON Ducke
Large trees, glabrous except for the ample terminal panicles of
showy golden flowers, these with densely reddish-sericeous calyces.
Calyx- tube campanulate, the 5 segments imbricate. Petals 5,
narrowly to broadly obovate. Stamens 10, free, glabrous. Ovary
sericeous, the style short, thick, incurved with terminal ciliolate
FLORA OF PERU 205
stigma. Pods rather small, oblong, with thin coriaceous fragile
valves, tardily dehiscent, the seeds subcarinately margined, exal-
buminous, not separated by tissue. The genus justly honors the
senior author of "Timbers of the New World," Record and Hess, 1943.
Recordoxylon stenopetalum Ducke, Archiv. Inst. Biol. Veg.
Rio Jan. 4: 16. 1938.
Leaf-rachis narrowly grooved above, usually with 9-11 lanceolate
long-acuminate coriaceous leaflets, the larger to 8.5 cm. long, 2.5 cm.
broad, subconcolor, finely pinnately nerved and reticulate both
sides; buds elongate, obovoid, the pedicels 1 cm. long or longer;
calyx- tube at anthesis 9-11 mm. long, turbinate, the segments about
10 mm. long, oblong; petals to 2.5 cm. long, only 7-9 mm. broad,
long-cuneately narrowed to the clawed base. Similar to R. amazon-
icum Ducke, Trop. Woods 39: 17. 1934, the leaflets mostly 7, the
larger 8-11 cm. long, 4-5 cm. broad, obtuse or rarely subacuminate,
the petals 11-18 mm. broad, shortly clawed, the pods (those of R.
stenopetalum unknown) shortly stiped, 10 cm. long, 1.5 cm. broad,
glabrous. Inner wood very hard. Type from Sao Paulo Olivenga,
Brazil, and therefore to be expected in adjacent Peru.
Peru (probably). Brazil.
24. POEPPIGIA Presl.
Large tree, the abundant imparipinnate leaves with a great
many small leaflets, the rather inconspicuous yellow flowers in
pyramidately paniculate cymes at the end of the slender curved
or laxly borne branchlets. Bracts and bractlets caducous, mem-
branous. Calyx segments 5, subequal, more or less connate above
the cup-like tube, or sometimes entirely distinct. Petals sub-
equal, oblong, imbricate. Stamens 10, free, glabrous, the anthers
versatile. Stipe of ovary obliquely inserted in calyx tube, the style
short. Pod flat, membranous, narrowly winged on the upper suture,
the 1-2 ovate seeds without albumin, the cotyledon foliaceous, the
radicle erect. Aberrant in the connate calyx-lobes.
Poeppigia procera Presl, Symb. Bot. 1: 16. pi. 8. 1832; 53.
Younger parts including the cymes puberulent, leaflets as many
as 60, crowded, subsessile, oblong, obtuse or slightly retuse, mem-
branous, mostly about 14 mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide, glabrous at
least in age, paler beneath; cymes dichotomous, often only about
half as long as the leaves or 4-5 cm. long; pedicels 1.5-2 mm. long;
206 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
calyx oblique, 4 mm. long, usually glabrate without but silky-pilose
within; petals clawed, oblong. 9-11 mm. long, glabrous, about equaled
by the stamens; ovary glabrous or with the stipe villous, the latter
in fruit exserted, the pod elongate, 5-10 cm. long, 12-15 mm. wide,
barely acute both ends, the wing narrow. Attains 25 meters.
Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi. 14.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 5817 (det. Harms). Loreto:
Middle Ucayali, Tessmann 3420. Rio Acre: Mouth Rio Macauhan,
Krukoff 5708. Brazil to Central America and the West Indies.
"Cedro-pashaco."
25. BATESIA Spruce
A fine tree, sometimes attaining 30 meters with ample impari-
pinnate leaves, the leaflets coriaceous, and medium size yellow
flowers borne racemosely in terminal panicles, the bracts and bract-
lets promptly caducous. Calyx-tube campanulate, the limb with
5 imbricate segments. Petals 5, subequal. Stamens 10, the fila-
ments villous at base, the uniform anthers longitudinally dehiscent.
Ovary free, the short stipe obliquely dilated at tip, the stout style
with terminal concave ciliate stigma. Pods short, somewhat turgid,
subligneous, folliculately dehiscing. Seeds 2-3, transverse, exarillate,
albuminous. Harms wrote on the Peruvian specimen "Batesia is
a very interesting monotype genus." The facies suggests Tachigalia
and according to Pierce it simulates Ormosia in pods and seeds;
its tribal position is therefore questionable.
Genus commemorates Henry Walter Bates, zoologist, who spent
eleven years (1848-59) in the Amazon valleys as described in his
work "The Naturalist on the River Amazons."
Batesia floribunda Spruce ex Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 25:
303. pi. 37. 1865; 56.
Branchlet tips, panicles and petioles fulvescent with a fine close
tomentum, this more or less present as a minute puberulence on the
under surfaces of the oblong-elliptic leaflets; petioles often 3 dm.
long, deeply grooved above with 9-13 pairs of petiolate leaflets, at
least the upper stout petiolules separated by a verruciform gland
on the sulcate rachis; leaflets coriaceous, glabrous and lustrous
above, reticulate-veined both sides, mostly 10-14 cm. long, about
half as wide; panicles much branched, the bracts and bractlets
deciduous before anthesis, the pedicels 4-6 mm. long; calyx- tube
short-villous within, the segments glabrous within, 4 mm. long;
FLORA OF PERU 207
petals light yellow, about 6 mm. long, narrowly obovate, a little
puberulent toward the base; pods shortly stiped, 2.5-3.5 cm. long,
nearly 2.5 cm. thick, the lustrous seeds bright red. Illustrated,
Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi. 16. F.M. Neg. 1530.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, Klug 660 (det. Harms). Upper
Rio Nanay, (Fernandez 12346-7, 12350-1, all det. Pierce). Brazil.
"Huairuru Colorado," "wairuru."
26. BAUHINIA [Plum.] L.
Pauletia Cav.; Schnella Raddi.
Reference: Benth. Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: 179-212. 1870.
Trees or shrubs (sometimes armed, sometimes scandent with
tendrils) often well marked by the more or less deeply bilobed leaves,
the leaves thus in greater or less degree (to completely) bifoliate,
less frequently entire, 3-many-nerved, the petiole often aristate
between the leaflets (or lobes). Stipules usually small, caducous.
Calyx various (sometimes closed in bud), the limb at anthesis cleft,
spathaceous or 5-lobed. Petals 5, erect or spreading, little unequal.
Perfect stamens 10 or fewer, some reduced to staminodia or wanting;
anthers versatile. Ovary stipe, if present, free or adnate, the ovules
2-many. Pods indehiscent or bivalvate, oblong or linear, mem-
branous to rigid, the compressed seeds albuminous, free or separated
by tissue or septa, the cotyledons plane, the radicle often exserted.
Apparently it was Plumier who had the idea, appropriately
followed by Linnaeus, of naming these plants with usually 2-parted
leaves after the brothers Bauhin, Jean and Caspar, Swiss of the
early seventeenth century who were as famous in botany as in
medicine.
Flower buds more or less elongate, oblong-cylindrical, the limb of
calyx in anthesis divided into 5 lobes or these in part united
or spathaceous; flowers showy, often more than 3 cm. long,
geminate or in open racemes.
Calyx divisions 3 cm. long or longer; leaves often ample.
Angle between leaf lobes acute, narrow.
Leaf lobes one-third to three-fourths as long as the united
portion or leaves bilobed; stipules caducous or indurate-
conical except B. forficata.
Flower buds obtuse or caudate-tipped, not appendaged;
petals often linear or oblong-linear.
208 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Leaves minutely puberulent beneath; petals narrowly
linear-acuminate.
Flower buds obtuse B. longifolia.
Flower buds caudate-acuminate B. urocalyx.
Leaves glabrous; petals obtuse.
Leaf lobes obtuse or acute; stipules flat, pungent.
B. forficata.
Leaf lobes acuminate; stipules conical, blunt.
B. tarapotensis.
Flower buds crowned by 5 narrow caducous teeth; petals
broad, obtuse B. baina.
Leaf lobes usually much less than one-fourth of united portion;
stipules aculeiform, flattened.
Leaflets shortly villous beneath; flower buds 5-cusped.
B. martinensis.
Leaflets appressed puberulent beneath; flower buds not
appendaged B. acreana.
Angle between leaf lobes broad, the lobes spreading.
Lobes rounded, the angle shallow; branches armed.
B. aculeata.
Lobes acuminate, the angle deep; branches unarmed.
B. Straussiana.
Calyx divisions much shorter than 3 cm.; leaves small.
Leaves villous-puberulent beneath B. Augusti.
Leaves glabrous or nearly B. Weberbaueri.
Flower buds short, the limb of calyx at anthesis irregular, 3-5-parted
or truncate; flowers usually small or medium, racemose, if about
3 cm. long the calyx longitudinally winged.
Flower buds entire, subsessile.
Stems and leaves glabrous or nearly B. microstachya.
Stems and leaves beneath reddish pubescent B. Klugii.
Flower buds crowned by 5 lobes, teeth or setae.
Calyx not longitudinally winged.
Leaves lobed.
Teeth of flower buds setiform B. suaveolens.
Teeth of flower buds lanceolate or broader.
Leaflets lustrous beneath with a dense, closely appressed
red indument.
FLORA OF PERU 209
Bracts not foliaceous B. cupreonitens.
Bracts foliaceous B. rutilans.
Leaflets if pubescent not as above.
Leaflets glabrous or the trichomes appressed.
Leaflets deeply lobed; calyx toothed B. Uleana.
Leaflets barely lobed; calyx lobed B. accrescens.
Leaflets conspicuously pilose beneath, the trichomes
spreading B. porphyrotricha.
Leaves entire (cf. B. accrescens).
Calyx teeth setiform B. Gueniheri.
Calyx teeth oblong.
Bracts not foliaceous.
Leaves ovate-oblong, whitish beneath. .B. Tessmannii.
Leaves broadly ovate-orbicular, red-lustrous beneath.
B. Kunthiana.
Bracts foliaceous, persisting B. rutilans.
Calyx longitudinally winged B. Viorna.
Bauhinia accrescens Killip & Macbr., spec. nov.
Liana; ramulis novellis subangulatis obscure puberulis; petiolis
2.5-4 cm. longis; foliis integris vel ad apicem breviter lobatis fere
orbiculatis ad 13 cm. longis et latis, basi paullo vel vix cordatis,
subcoriaceis, junioribus sericeo-pilosis demum obscure sericeo-
puberulentis; racemis in paniculam dispositis spiciformibus 4-10
cm. longis subadpresse rufo-pilosis; pedicellis circa 1 mm. longis;
alabastris ovoideis, costato-striatis lobis 5 oblongis 4-6 mm. longis
coronatis; floribus ignotis. None of the several species with appen-
daged flower buds seem to have the leaves or inflorescence of this
so we venture to propose it as undescribed even without flowers;
it belongs however evidently in section Tylotea. The seemingly
accrescent calyx lobes were white, according to the collector.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, King 528 (type, U. S. Nat. Mus.).
Bauhinia acreana Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 307.
1915.
Shrub or small tree, the branchlet tips and leaves beneath ap-
pressed puberulent; stipules indurate-conical ; petioles 1-1.5 cm.
long; leaves broadly ovate, rounded or lightly emarginate at base,
shortly bilobed (the lobes rarely one-fourth as long as the united
210 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
portion), obtuse, nearly glabrous above, submembranous, 9-11-
nerved, 4-9 cm. long, 2.5-4.5 cm. broad; flower buds narrowly
lanceolate, rusty-puberulent, obtuse or acutish, finally with the
pedicel 7-9 cm. long; petals 5, lanceolate; ovary long-stiped, pubes-
cent. The pod according to Ducke is 2-3 dm. long (not including
stipe, this about 5 cm. long), 2-2.5 cm. wide, glabrous at maturity,
the flowers pure white only at night, the longer stamens with anthers
twice the length of the others. Evidently belongs as the author
indicates to B. forficata and allies which compare. F.M. Neg. 1561.
Rio Acre: Ule 9441, type. Brazil.
Bauhinia aculeata L. Sp. PI. 374. 1753.
Shrub, the often stocky flowering branchlets usually conspicuously
aculeate by the curved or straight geminate spinescent stipules, these
2-5 mm. long; branchlet tips, petioles and flower buds minutely
and scarcely densely brownish-puberulent; petioles 1.5-2.5 cm.
long; leaves shallowly bilobed (the lobes broadly rounded), openly
cordate at base, usually 6-10 cm. broad, 5-9 cm. long or sometimes
suborbicular, membranous, glabrous above, paler beneath and more
or less puberulent-pilose or glabrate, 7-9-nerved; flower buds
obtuse, finally 5-7 cm. long; calyx spathaceous, 4-5 cm. long; petals
broadly obovate, obtuse, 6-7 cm. long, to about 2 cm. broad, long-
clawed; ovary shortly hirsutulous; pods long stiped, 10-13 cm. long,
15-18 mm. broad, somewhat verruculose and sparsely puberulent.
B. grandiflora Juss. in Poiret, Encycl. Suppl. 1: 600. 1810, based on
a Dombey herbarium specimen in Herb. Jussieu, is probably from
Ecuador, the specimen actually Tafalla; it seems to be the more
densely puberulent form represented by Weberbauer 7716. Wilkes
Expedition got it near Lima, "probably introduced."
Tumbez: Shrub 4 meters high, rainy-green formation, Hacienda
La Choza, Weberbauer 7716. Huanuco: Sawada P46; shrub or dense
tree, flowers white, fragrant, 8539; Ruiz & Pavdn; Stork & Norton
9383. Ecuador. "Unas de gato."
Bauhinia August! Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 18: 234. 1922.
Densely leafy shrub, the branchlet tips, leaves beneath and calyces
rather closely puberulent-pilose; petioles 5-15 mm. long; leaves
suborbicular, cordate at base, the sinus open, 3-5 cm. long, 2.5-5 cm.
wide, scarcely medially bilobed, the ovate lobes rounded or sometimes
acutish, chartaceous, glabrous above, each lobe with 3-4 nerves
prominent beneath as the reticulate venation; pedicels 5-10 mm.
FLORA OF PERU 211
long; flower buds about 3.5 cm. long; petals oblanceolate, 2- nearly
3 cm. long, about 4 mm. broad; filaments sparsely hirsute; ovary
stiped. Two meters high, the flowers white. F.M. Neg. 1567.
Cajamarca: Mouth of Rio Chinchipe, Prov. Jae*n, 800 meters,
August Weberbauer 6224, type.
Bauhinia baina Macbr., spec. nov.
Frutex(?) glaber; ramulis teretibus; stipulis plus minusve conico-
induratis; petiolis 3-4 cm. longis; foliis late ovatis circa Y$ acute
bilobis 9-nerviis 14 cm. longis, 8-10 cm. latis, basi rotundato-
truncatis vel vix cordatis, submembranaceis ubique tenuiter reticu-
lato-venosis; pedicellis circa 4 cm. longis; alabastris apice breviter
5-setis; sepalis oblongo-acuminatis, 5-6 cm. longis; petalis evidente
late oblongis, obtusis, circa 10 cm. longis. The specimen, badly
damaged in mounting, does not permit of exact definition of the
flower but the relationship of the species seems clearly to be with
B. forficata Link and allies with broad petals from all of which it is
apparently distinct in character of stipules and leaves except B. tara-
potensis from which the setose-tipped buds and broader petals
presumably separate it validly.
Loreto: Rio Mazan, Williams 186, type. "Baina," "vaina."
Bauhinia cupreonitens Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 4:
56. 1925.
Cirrose liana, the stems sinuous and aplanate, the younger
branchlets and inflorescences including the flowers without, red-
tomentulose; leaves rigid-coriaceous, glabrous and lustrous above,
beautifully lustrous red-tomentose beneath, 7 (rarely 9) -nerved,
triangularly lobed one-tenth exceptionally to one-fifth, often sub-
entire, usually 5-13 cm. long, about as broad at the cordate base;
bracts and bractlets much shorter than the calyx, the flower buds
with 5 suborbicular teeth scarcely 1.5 mm. broad. Calyx lobes
white as in the similar B. rubiginosa Bong, but with lobed leaves;
the related B. rutilans usually has entire leaves but ovate foliaceous
bracts. F.M. Neg. 16923.
Loreto: Iquitos, Ducke 20326. Brazil.
Bauhinia forficata Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 1: 404. 1821.
Becoming a tree often 10 meters high with pendulous or glabrous
branchlets, these usually aculeate with flat spines, leaves usually
divided below the middle, glabrous or puberulent, membranous,
typically 9-nerved, rounded or scarcely emarginate at base, usually
212 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
7-10 cm. long, the slightly divergent ovate lobes obtuse or acute;
flowers apparently variable in size, the cylindrical calyx-tube
typically 12-25 mm. long, the divisions to 5 cm. long, coherent in
a spathe, the petals about as long, broadly linear or oblong, obtusish;
anthers all linear; pods 1.5-2.5 dm. long, about 2 cm. broad, the
stipe to 5 cm. long. The following collections, referred here at
Dahlem Herbarium (not studied), are probably B. tarapotensis.
Loreto: Caballo-Cocha, (Raimondi). Amazonas: Chachapoyas,
(Raimondi) . San Martin : Moyobamba, (Raimondi) . To Rio Janeiro.
Bauhinia Guentheri Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9:
969. 1926.
A stout-stemmed liana, the younger branchlets and leaves
beneath more or less rusty-puberulent; petioles 1.5-4 cm. long;
leaves to about 10 cm. long, 7 cm. wide, entire, ovate, broadly
rounded and lightly emarginate at base, sharply acuminate, sub-
coriaceous, glabrous and somewhat lustrous above, conspicuously
reticulate- veined beneath, the nerves 7; racemes short-panicled,
rusty-puberulent, the pedicels 4-6 mm. long, the bracts broadly
lanceolate, acute, villous, about 4 mm. long, the slightly remote
bractlets nearly as long; calyx rusty- villous, the tube 5 mm. long,
the short setiform teeth 1-2 mm. long; petals white, narrow, 12 mm.
long, yellow-brown villous without. Type specimen from liana 8 cm.
in diameter, 12 meters high. F.M. Neg. 1584.
Loreto: Mouth of Rio Santiago, Guenther Tessmann 1+375, type.
Bauhinia Klugii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 22: 143. 1940.
Cirrose liana, apparently unarmed, the branchlets, petioles and
panicles densely reddish villous-tomentose, the longer trichomes
spreading; petioles 1-1.5 cm. long; leaves parted one- third their
length (the lobes broadly ovate, obtuse or shortly acute), truncate or
emarginate at base where 5-8 cm. broad, slightly lustrous above,
finely reticulate-veined, glabrate, paler beneath and subappressed
pilose, especially on the 11 prominent nerves; racemes terminal,
fascicled or panicled; peduncles to 7 cm. long, the panicles some-
times 12 cm. long; pedicels to 5 mm. long, the linear bracts as long;
calyx 7-8 mm. long, the rusty-pilose bud subrostrate, the subequal
lobes triangular ovate, about as long as the tube; petals glabrous,
nearly twice as long as the calyx; fertile stamens 10; ovary densely
villous. Liana, the buds golden-yellow, in mountain forest.
San Martin: Chazuta, 260 meters, Klug 4027, type.
FLORA OF PERU 213
Bauhinia Kunthiana Vog. Linnaea 13: 312. 1839. B. rosea
Miq. Linnaea 18: 598. 1844.
Cirrose liana, the dark-colored slender branchlets and long petioles
as the rachis of the very elongating racemes (except at tip) glabrous
or sparsely appressed-pilose; stipules falcate-ovate, deciduous; leaves
entire or minutely bilobed, nearly orbicular, usually about 8 cm.
broad and long, abruptly acuminate or obtuse, openly cordate at
base, coriaceous, glabrous and lustrous above, appressed lustrous
tomentose (the trichomes more or less reddish) beneath; pedicels
and flower buds reddish, appressed-pilose, about 6 mm. long, the
latter ovoid, narrowed at the 5-dentate tip; bracts and bractlets
usually narrow, 4-8 mm. long; petals obovate, long-clawed, glabrous
except at base, 2 cm. long; ovary villous. High climbing, the bracts
whitish, the petals bright rose color (Ducke). F.M. Neg. 1590.
Huanuco: Without locality, (Ruiz & Pavdn; Raimondi, det.
Dahlem). Amazonian Brazil; Guianas.
Bauhinia longifolia (Bong.) Steud. Nomencl. ed. 2. 1: 191.
1840. Pauletia longifolia Bong. Me"m. Acad. Petrop. se>. 6. 4: 14.
pi. 7 (leaf). 1836; 192.
Branchlet tips and flower buds minutely and sordidly rusty-
puberulent, stipules small, somewhat indurate; petioles 2.5-3 cm.
long; leaves ample, one-third to one-half bilobed (ovate lobes more
or less acuminate), broadly ovate or even suborbicular, truncate or
lightly cordate at base, membranous, dull and reticulate-veined both
sides, 7-11 or exceptionally 13-nerved, under a lens minutely and
sparsely puberulent beneath; flowers usually 2 in each axil, the
pedicels 8-16 mm. long; bracts scale-like, caducous; flower buds
ecostate, obtuse, when very young obscurely denticulate at tip, to
7 cm. long; calyx lobes spathaceous, to 8 cm. long, the narrow acumi-
nate petals to 12 cm. long; ovary tomentulose; pods 1.5-2 dm. long,
about 18 mm. broad, long-stiped, finally glabrous. The Peruvian
material seems to be larger-flowered than the type from Minas
Geraes, and at least some of the following material could perhaps
better be referred to B. tarapotensis. Determinations except as noted
mostly by Standley.
Junin: Slender tree, branches spreading, La Merced, 5412.
Rio Perene", 600 meters, Killip & Smith 25165. Puerto Bermudez,
Killip & Smith 26408. Loreto: Balsapuerto, tree 6 meters, Klug
2974. Mouth of Rio Santiago, Mexia 6158 (det. Standl., B. tara-
potensis) . Rio Paranapura, Klug 3941 Locality illegible, Tessmann
214 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
3806 (det. Dahlem, B. tarapot ensis) . Florida, King 2169. Rio Acre:
Ule 9440 (det. Harms); Rio Macauhan, tree 20 meters, Krukoff
5293. Brazil. "Fuy-cay-berao" (Huitoto), "machete vaina."
Bauhinia martinensis Macbr., spec. nov.
Ut videtur affinis B. acreana, differt ramulis foliisque subtus
molliter breviterque villosulis; alabastris apice 5-cuspidatis. In
spite of only these apparent differences from the imperfect specimens
at hand it seems preferable to give them a specific name rather than
regard them as a variety because the nature of the pubescence is
entirely different from the minute appressed puberulence of B.
acreana; in pubescence B. martinensis resembles B. emarginata Mill.
of Colombia with much smaller flowers. Its shortly lobed leaves
apparently separate it from pubescent forms or allies of B. forficata
Link, of Brazil and Paraguay. A number of species have the younger
flower buds variously appendaged at tip, as B. membranacea Benth.,
B. corniculata Benth., and B. bicuspidata Benth., the first two with
glabrous or minutely puberulent leaves, the last with leaves red-
pubescent beneath, the leaves of all deeply or obtusely lobed. A
pod from the collection by Spruce is obscurely puberulent, narrowed
to apex, 2 cm. wide at base, 12 cm. long; it was distributed as B.
grandiflora Juss. affine, with "rounded obtuse lobes"; cf. B. aculeata.
The Klug specimen was from a 4-meter tree with white flowers.
San Martin: Juanjui, Klug 4228, type. Near Tarapoto, Spruce
4481.
Bauhinia microstachya (Raddi) Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb,
n. ser. 59: 22. 1919. B. Langsdorffiana Bong. Me"m. Acad. Petrop.
se"r. 6. 4: 109. pi. 1. 1836; 204. Schnella microstachya Raddi, Quar.
Piant. Bras. Nuov. 33. 1820.
Cirrose, the branchlets and long racemes, these spike-like and
often 1.5-2 dm. long, more or less evanescently rusty-puberulent,
the trichomes appressed; leaves bilobed to the middle or above, the
lobes bluntly acute or acuminate, the blade usually suborbicular,
6-10 cm. broad and long, widely cordate at base, finely reticulate-
veined and lustrous both sides, 7-9-nerved, inconspicuously and
sparsely appressed-pilose beneath; flower buds subglobose or ovoid,
scarcely apiculate; bracts minute, caducous; calyx lobes 4-5; petals
glabrous or sparsely pilose, about 5 mm. long; ovary sessile, reddish-
villous; pods shortly stiped, oblong, membranous, obtuse but mucro-
nate by the strongly excentric style, 5 cm. long, 12-16 mm. broad.
FLORA OF PERU 215
The species apparently is not included by Ducke in the Amazon
region, although Spruce 1522, from Manaos, was referred here by
Bentham; I have seen no material for comparison.
San Martin: Chazuta, 260 meters, King 4060 (det. Standl.).
Loreto: Florida, King 2067; 2073 (det. Standl.). Balsapuerto,
King 3004. Middle Rio Maranon, Tessmann 4972. Brazil.
Bauhinia porphyrotricha Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin
6: 307. 1915. B. Killipiana Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 22: 143. 1940.
Scandent or the softly red-pilose branches supported in thickets,
often cirrose, petioles 2.5-5.5 cm. long, conspicuously red or purplish-
pilose with spreading hairs as also the elongating racemes even to
the calyces; stipules persisting, broadly ovate-falcate to 10 mm. long;
leaf lobes shortly acuminate to acutish, one-third to nearly one-half
the length of the blade, this 5-14 cm. long, 4-10 cm. wide, 9-11 (13)
-nerved, deeply cordate at base, subcoriaceous, lustrous, glabrous,
reticulate-veined above, paler beneath and more conspicuously
veined as well as more or less pilose hirsutulous; bracts oblong-
lanceolate, the bractlets at calyx base 7-8 mm. long, the pedicels
about as long; calyx campanulate with 5 lanceolate teeth, 4-5 mm.
long, the striate tube somewhat longer; petals obovate-oblong,
villous, 15 mm. long; ovary densely hirsute- villous; pods oblanceolate,
glabrous or nearly, 7 cm. long, 2 cm. wide (immature). There is,
it seems to me, no difference in Klug 4289 except that the leaves
are more softly subappressed pilose beneath, the pubescence not so
confined to the veins and nerves as in typical form; it may become
var. Killipiana (Standl.) Macbr., comb. nov. (B. Killipiana
Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 22: 143. 1940). Another variant, or perhaps
distinct specifically, has broader leaves with pubescence of var.
Killipiana but calyx appressed sericeous and at present may be
called var. Smithiana Killip & Macbr., var. nov., ut var. Killipiana
sed foliis subrotundatis, ovario adpresse sericeo (type, Killip &
Smith 26296}. F.M. Neg. 1605.
San Martin: Juanjui, Klug 4289 (type, B. Killipiana}. Junin:
In river bank brush, flowers salmon pink, La Merced, 5557. Puerto
Bermudez, Killip & Smith 26599 (var. Smithiana}. Rio Perene",
Killip & Smith 25137 (var. Smithiana}. Puerto Yessup, Killip &
Smith 26296 (type, var. Smithiana}. Loreto: Near Yurimaguas,
petals white, faintly pink-striped, Killip & Smith 27601 . Fortaleza,
flowers cream, Klug 2800. Middle Aguaytia (probably Ucayali),
Tessmann 3168. Puno: Soukup 1140. Rio Acre: Seringal San
Francisco, Ule 9439, type.
216 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Bauhinia rutilans Spruce ex Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15,
pt. 2: 206. 1870.
Cirrose liana, well marked by the beautiful sheen of the dense
minute red or copper-colored tomentum that covers the young
branchlets, inflorescence and particularly the leaves beneath, these
entire, ovate-acuminate, coriaceous, glabrous and lustrous above,
5-7-nerved, commonly 7-12 cm. long, nearly as broad at the rounded
base; petioles to 2.5 cm. long; racemes terminal, 5-12 cm. long,
simple or paniculately branched, the pedicels rarely longer than 2
mm., the bracts foliaceous, petiolate, ovate, often shorter than the
calyx, this costate-striate, about 6 mm. long, with persisting spread-
ing suborbiculate lobes 3 mm. broad and with obliquely orbiculate
bractlets at base; petals violet, twice as long as the calyx, puberulent
without, the unequal stamens scarcely exserted. Illustrated, Mart.
Fl. Bras. I.e. pi. 53. F.M. Neg. 21798.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, King 626; 652; 264 (all det. Killip). Brazil.
Bauhinia Straussiana Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6:
308. 1915.
Branchlets densely brown-velvety as also the petioles (these
1-2 cm. long), the rachis of the short racemes and the linear-lanceo-
late elongate acutish flower buds, these 5.5 cm. long or longer;
leaf lobes widely divaricate, ovate-lanceolate, acutely acuminate,
extending more than two-thirds the length of the leaf blade, this
14-21 cm. long, 8-16 cm. broad at the slightly cordate base, some-
what lustrous and glabrous above, shortly but not densely hirsute-
villous beneath, 7-9-nerved, rather coarsely reticulate- veined;
racemes terminal, many-flowered; ovary densely villous, long-stiped,
the stipe glabrous or nearly. Shrub to 15 meters high, allied by the
author to B. grandifolia Steud., Amazonian, but that species more
pubescent with acute flower buds; the species is named for H.
Strauss, long head-gardener of Dahlem. F.M. Neg. 1617.
Rio Acre: Cobija, Ule 9442, type.
Bauhinia suaveolens HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 320. 1824.
B. longipetala (Benth.) Walp. Repert. Bot. 1 : 852. 1842; 210. Schnella
longipetala Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2: 98. 1840.
Sparsely cirrose liana, typically merely puberulent on the leaves
beneath, and on the racemes, apparently sometimes these parts
densely pubescent; petioles 2-5 cm. long; leaves subrotund, broadly
cordate at base, reticulate-veined both sides, 9-11-nerved, lustrous
FLORA OF PERU 217
above, paler beneath, membranous, 4 cm. long and broad to more
than twice as large, bilobed to the middle or nearly biparted, lobes
rounded or barely acutish; racemes terminal and axillary, solitary,
peduncled, the striately angled rachis and calyces appressed sericeous-
puberulent; pedicels 10-12 mm. long; bracts linear, 4-6 mm. long,
the caducous bractlets as long; flower buds nerved, narrowed both
ends, crowned with 5 setiform teeth 2-3 mm. long; petals white,
oblong, obtuse, pilose without, about 2 cm. long; stamens 10, all
fertile, the filaments glabrous; ovary hirsute. This includes, at
least as to Peru, B. heterophylla HBK. I.e. 319, the leaflets more
usually ovate-oblong, the lobes often more pointed, and 5. cumanensis
HBK. I.e. 321, similar except for the often dull leaves with sometimes
fewer (7-9) leaf nerves and considerably smaller flowers (petals
about 12 mm. long) ; also according to Ducke it is generally trailing
in wet fertile clays and has been found on the Rio Abunan, ranging
north to Colombia and Venezuela; it may nevertheless be expected
within the eastern boundaries of Peru. B. longipetala is apparently
the same as B. suaveolens; Ducke has recorded the former as a low
vine, characteristic of river margins liable to inundation. I have
not seen the type of B. longipetala from British Guiana but it seems
desirable to note the very pubescent form of the species as it occurs
in Peru as B. suaveolens, var. loretana Macbr., var. nov., foliis
subtus conspicue subadpresse pubescentibus. F.M. Neg. 1619.
Cajamarca: Near Cavico, on the Rio Guamcabamba, Bonpland,
type. Bellavista, (Raimondi, det. Dahlem, B. heterophylla), below
Chirinos, flowers roseate, (Raimondi, det. Dahlem, B. heterophylla}.
San Martin: Juanjui, flowers white and violet, Klug 3893; 41911.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, (Raimondi, det. Dahlem, B. hetero-
phylla). Loreto: Lower Morona, middle Maranon, Tessmann 4919,
var. (det. Dahlem, B. longipetala). Mishuyacu, Klug 485; 1068,
var.; 1010; 595. Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 366 (type of var., det.
Standl., B. Uleana). Yurimaguas, Killip & Smith 28310, var.
"Niormo," "pasionaria."
Bauhinia tarapotensis Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2:
198. 1870.
Tree, glabrous except the densely puberulent inflorescence;
stipules ovate-conical, subpersisting, not aculeate; leaves ample,
similar to B. longifolia but glabrous, mostly 11-nerved and divided
one-third or to the middle, the lobes typically acuminate; flower
buds obtuse; calyx lobes to 10 cm. long, more or less spathaceous;
petals narrow, obtuse, about as long; pods to 2 dm. long, 2.5 cm.
218 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
broad or broader. Bibliographers have overlooked the place of
publication of this species. F.M. Negs. 1620; 27957.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4417, type. Juanjui, tree to 15
meters, flowers white and rose, Klug 4234; 3851 (both det. Standl., B.
longifolia). Loreto: Yurimaguas, Poeppig 2101 (probably). Mouth
of Santiago, Tessman 4627 (det. Harms). Ecuador; Colombia(?).
Bauhinia Tessmannii Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9:
261. 1925.
A liana allied to B. Kunthiana but the leaves oblong-elliptic,
pale beneath with a very fine close indument, pubescent bracts
nearly 1 cm. long, and oblong calyx teeth 3 mm. long; older bark
exfoliating; leaves chartaceous, 5-7 nerves prominent beneath,
7-12 cm. long, 3.5-6 cm. broad; panicles axillary and terminal,
densely flowered, brown pubescent; pedicels 4-8 mm. long; petals
white, shortly villous without, 13-15 mm. long. F.M. Neg. 1622.
Loreto: Cachibo Playa, Tessmann 3274, type.
Bauhinia Uleana Harms, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 48: 166.
1906.
Scandent, glabrous except for a sparse and minute puberulence
on the younger parts including the leaves beneath and the calyces;
petioles slender, to 5 cm. long; leaves nearly cordate-orbicular,
bilobed at least to the middle (lobes acuminate), lustrous and densely
reticulate- veined both sides, usually about 6 cm. long and broad
to probably twice as large; racemes on slender peduncles, densely
flowered; bracts and bractlets linear-lanceolate; pedicels 4-6 mm.
long; calyx- tube striate, the teeth lanceolate; petals 14-15 mm.
long, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, more or less sericeous pubescent
or villous without; ovary densely hirsute- villous. The Rio Acre
specimen has thinner leaves, paler beneath, the venation much
coarser, the flowers larger. F.M. Neg. 1624.
San Martin: Juan Guerra, near Tarapoto, Ule 2643, type.
Rio Acre: Near mouth of Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5422.
Bauhinia urocalyx Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 308.
1915.
Scandent shrub; petioles to 3.5 cm. long; leaves sub ovate, bilobed
nearly to base (lobes more or less acute) where rounded to lightly cor-
date, chartaceous or subcoriaceous, glabrous and somewhat lustrous
above, opaque and minutely puberulent beneath, 7-9-nerved, the
FLORA OF PERU 219
transverse veins little prominent, 1-2 dm. long, 9-14 cm. broad;
racemes terminal, many-flowered, 1.5-3 dm. long or longer, the rachis
appressed-tomentulose; flower buds shortly pediceled, brown puberu-
lent, the tips extended as a slender point; calyx finally to 7 cm. long;
petals narrowly linear, long-clawed; filaments hirsute- villous at base;
ovary shortly tomentulose. To be expected in eastern Peru, several
sterile specimens from Rio Itaya and Yurimaguas perhaps belonging
here. F.M. Neg. 1625.
Rio Acre: Rio Jurua-Miri, Ule 5542, type.
Bauhinia Viorna Standl. in herb.
Speciei B. pterocalyx Ducke similis, differt foliis apice fere ad
basin partitis, lobis haud falcatis et obtusis. Material meager and
possibly only a variant of Ducke's species, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio
Jan. 3: 109. 1922, which with B. alata Ducke, I.e. 4: 55. 1925, have
been the only species known with prominently winged calyces. In
B. alata the leaves are entire; in B. pterocalyx they are bilobed nearly
to the middle, the lobes falcate and acuminate. B. Viorna is appar-
ently similar except as noted; its leaves are glabrous unless for
a fine and sparse pubescence beneath, the largest of the few shown,
7 cm. long, 6 cm. wide; pedicels 15 mm.; calyx finely appressed
pubescent, 2 cm. long, the longitudinal wings most pronounced at
base; appendages of the buds ovate-lanceolate, about 5 mm. long,
persisting in an thesis; petals roseate, 3 cm. long, densely rusty- villous
without, these characters all shared, at least in degree, with Ducke's
species.
San Martin: Juanjui, King 4283, type.
Bauhinia Weberbaueri Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 91. 1908.
B. Ruiziana Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 18: 234. 1922.
Low, stocky, sometimes procumbent shrub; petioles 2-10 mm.
long, puberulent; leaves suborbicular or broadly ovate, somewhat
cordate at base, at least medially bilobed (lobes obtuse or rounded),
1-4 cm. long, nearly as broad, obscurely puberulent especially
at base beneath or glabrate, slightly lustrous, finely reticulate-
veined, opaque and glabrous above; flowers solitary, the oblong-
oblanceolate petals 3-4 cm. long, to 1.5 cm. broad; pedicels 7-15 mm.
long; calyx spathaceous, subacute in bud, about 2 cm. long; ovary
glabrous or nearly; pods oblanceolate, acuminate, about 4 cm. long,
1.5 cm. broad. Flowers fragrant, bright pink. As Harms himself
suggested, B. Ruiziana had little but a difference in size and habit
220 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
to distinguish it which seems of no value now that similar variation
is apparent in B. Ruiziana. F.M. Negs. 1628; 1609 (B. Ruiziana);
29408 (B. Ruiziana).
Cajamarca: Below Rambran, 2,000 meters, in rocks, Weberbauer
4802, type; 190. Huanuco: Ambo, 2411 ; 3164; Ruiz, type. Sawada
PlOS. Near Huanuco, 3503; Raimondi.
27. LECOINTEA Ducke
Unarmed trees with simple leaves and few-flowered axillary
racemes of small yellow flowers. Stipules caducous. Calyx-tube
turbinate-campanulate, the limb nearly or quite entire, rarely
laterally cleft. Stamens 10 or 9, free; anthers basally affixed, long-
dehiscent. Ovary stiped, 4-6-ovuled, the curved or straight style
exserted in bud; stigma small, obliquely terminal. Pod indehiscent,
thick but compressed, coriaceous, with 1 or 2 exarillate exalbuminous
seeds. With the aspect of Zollernia Mart, but with well-developed
calyx-tube, in this respect resembling Exostylis Schott but the calyx
limb cupulate in Lecointea, cleft and reflexed or deciduous or 3-4
parted in the related genera. Genus named for the well-known
engineer and naturalist, Paul Le Cointe.
Wood "pracuuba" or "paracuuba," very durable, excellent for
fine work and for fuel; it is preferred by Amazonian turtle fishermen
for the part of the spear to which the iron is attached (Ducke,
Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 130. 1922).
Lecointea ovalifolia Macbr., spec. nov.
L. peruviana differt foliis ovalis vel interdum subrotundatis, 5 cm.
longis, 3^4.5 cm. latis, bracteis minutis, caduceis. In spite of the
fact that no other differences are apparent in this flowering material
it seems preferable to propose this tree as distinct specifically rather
than treat it as a variant; of course it may prove to be only a variety,
especially since the locality is the same.
San Martin: Juanjui, in flower in October, Klug 3853, type.
Lecointea peruviana Standl., in herb.
Arbor glabra 8 m. alta; petiolis 3 mm. longis; foliis integris ob-
longo-ellipticis basi oblique acutis vel plus minusve obtusis, apice
breviter obtuseque acuminatis utrinque paullo nitidulis et tenuiter
reticulato-venulosis circa 11 cm. longis, 5 cm. latis; racemis solitaribus
2 cm. longis; bracteis striatis 2.5 mm. longis, subpersistentibus;
FLORA OF PERU 221
pedicellis circa 3 mm. longis, baud reflexis; calycibus 3 mm. longis;
petalis ochroleuceis subaequalibus circa 4 mm. longis; ovario glabro.
Distributed as a species of Zollernia; the original and only species
of Lecointea heretofore known, L. amazonica Ducke, Archiv. Jard.
Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 129. 1922 with illustration, 128, has larger leaves,
pubescent racemes and ovary.
San Martin : Juanjui, in flower in April, Klug 4284, type.
28. SWARTZIA Schreb.
Reference: Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: 14-40. 1870.
Smooth trees or large shrubs with oddly pinnate or 1-foliate
leaves, and rather conspicuous flowers in racemes, these often short
and fascicled at the older nodes, sometimes panicled, rarely solitary.
Stipules caducous. Bracts and bractlets caducous or the latter
infrequently persisting. Calyx-tube disk-like or obsolete, the limb
before anthesis entire and obovoid or globose, afterwards variously
ruptured or rarely cyathiform and erose-dentate. Flowers with
one crinkled petal (the standard) or two reduced lateral petals,
rarely with none. Stamens many, free or nearly, declinate and
incurved-ascending, the anthers uniform (or some filaments longer),
basally affixed. Ovary stiped, many-ovuled. Pods ovoid or elongate,
turgid or subterete, coriaceous or fleshy, bivalved or indehiscent
with reniform ovoid or globose rarely albuminous arillate seeds.
Leaves unifoliate, ample, several cm. wide.
Anthers of larger stamens linear; leaves oblongish, acuminate.
S. pendula.
Anthers of larger stamens oblong; leaves elliptic, acute.
S. calophylla.
Leaves with 2-many pairs of leaflets or if rarely unifoliate the leaflets
small.
Calyx at anthesis cyathiform; flowers in short, dense even sub-
capitate racemes.
Leaflets about 1 cm. wide; calyx 5 mm. high. . .S. Weberbaueri.
Leaflets usually wider; calyx 3 mm. high S. Matthewsii.
Calyx at anthesis parted; flowers few or many but loosely borne.
Leaflets 3, rarely solitary, small and unequal.
Stamens 20 or fewer, subequal S. arbor escens.
Stamens unequal, 10-20 larger and many smaller .S. myrtifolia.
Leaflets 5-many pairs, ample and little if at all unequal.
222 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Leaflets 3 cm. wide or narrower or the flowers small; ovary
densely pubescent.
Flowers about 1 cm. long on pedicels as long.
S. cardiosperma.
Flowers much smaller on short pedicels S. Tessmannii.
Leaflets all or mostly 4 cm. wide or wider; ovary glabrous
except S. amplifolia.
Petal to 4 cm. long; young leaves pilose beneath.
S. macrosema.
Petal much smaller.
Leaves ample, the leaflets 1.5 dm. long or longer; pedicels
soon about 1 cm. long S. amplifolia.
Leaves medium, the leaflets rarely 1.5 dm. long, the
pedicels about 5 mm. long.
Leaflets submembranous, opaque, the nerves remote,
obscure S. opacifolia.
Leaflets subcoriaceous, veiny, nerves approximate.
S. acuminata.
Swartzia acuminata Willd. ex Vog. in Linnaea 11: 173. 1837;
36.
Large tree, glabrous except for a minute puberulence on the
young racemes and flower buds; leaflets 9-13 (petiolules about 5
mm. long), broadly oblong-elliptic, rounded at base, rather abruptly
caudate acuminate, usually 7-10 cm. long, 4-5.5 cm. broad, some-
what lustrous above, the subparallel veins obvious both sides;
racemes lateral, many-flowered, often 2 dm. long; bracts minute;
pedicels 4-6 mm. long; flower buds globose, 6 mm. thick; petal
white, cordate-orbiculate, apparently 2 cm. broad; larger stamens 5,
slightly longer than the many smaller ones; ovary glabrous. To
20 meters high, the bark deeply fissured (Spruce). The fruit has
one seed sometimes as large as an egg (Ducke). F.M. Neg. 1820.
Peru: (fide Ducke). Brazil; Colombia. "Pitaica," "muira-
cutaea."
Swartzia amplifolia Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9:
970. 1926.
Tree, glabrous except for the brownish-puberulent elongate many-
flowered lateral racemes, the leaves ample, often 4 dm. long or longer
and with 4-5 pairs of leaflets that apparently may become 3 dm.
FLORA OF PERU 223
long, 8-10 cm. broad; petiolules stout, 3-5 mm. long; leaflets oblong
or oblanceolate, rounded or subacute at base, shortly acuminate,
chartaceous or in age subcoriaceous, the primary nerves prominent
beneath, impressed above; pedicels 7-12 mm. long; flower buds
subglobose, scarcely apiculate; calyx divisions 4-5; petal shortly
clawed, broadly obovate, about 2 cm. long, nearly as wide; stamens
numerous, apparently all the same size; ovary narrowly lanceolate,
tomentulose puberulent. Bark with few to many small ridges
(Williams); type from tree 12 meters high, the petal bright yellow
(Tessmann). The author remarks that the extraordinarily large
leaves are distinctive; perhaps the species is related to S. stipulifera
Harms, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 48: 168. 1906. F.M. Neg. 1823.
Loreto: Mouth of Santiago, Tessmann 4597, type. Yurima 
