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L161— H41
FLORA OF PERU
BY
J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE
CURATOR, PERUVIAN BOTANY
BOTANICAL SERIES
FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY
VOLUME XIII, PART III, NUMBER 3
NOVEMBER 17, 1950
FLORA OF PERU
BY
J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE
CURATOR, PERUVIAN BOTANY
BOTANICAL SERIES
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
VOLUME XIII, PART III, NUMBER 3
NOVEMBER 17, 1950
PUBLICATION 663
ii-ii- i.,3RARY OF I HE
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS
s
v,
FLORA OF PERU
J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE
co ...
MALPIGHIACEAE Juss.
Reference: Niedenzu, Pflanzenreich IV. 141. Hefte 91-94. 1928.
Lianas or sometimes erect shrubs, rarely arborescent, always
Lnmore or less suffruticose, the usually opposite mostly petioled and
I? entire pinnately nerved leaves abundantly glanduliferous, the tri-
chomes most often brachiate, bifurcate. Stipules usually present,
inmost often small, variously placed. Inflorescence terminal or
2: axillary, simple or compound, rarely reduced to a single flower, the
^ articulate peduncles mostly bracted and bibracteolate. Flowers
hermaphrodite, rarely apetalous, the 5 sepals rarely connate at
v base, nearly always with 1 (2) glands, the 5 petals commonly clawed
r and diverse, often crenulate to ciliate. Stamens 10 and all fertile
or ordinarily in part staminodia, the filaments usually more or less
| connate, the 3 styles usually free, obtuse, capitellate or dilated at
tip, sometimes acute, the gynaecium usually 3-carpellate. Ovules
solitary, pendulous. Fruit 3(2-4)-parted, capsular, drupiform or
nuciform, often more or less, and irregularly, winged or samaroid,
and simulating some Sapindaceae. Seeds without endosperm.
The family is known particularly for the highly narcotic alkaloid
furnished especially by Banisteria caapi, which see below; omitted
is the related Amazonian (Para) genus Cabi Ducke, Arquivos Serv.
Florestal 2, No. 1: 13. pi. 1. 1943, perhaps also narcotic but unique
because the flowers are yellow, fruits not winged.
My indebtedness to the kindness of Dr. Jose* Cuatrecasas in
listing most of the negative numbers is noted with thanks. In most
instances I did not see the prints.
Fruit more or less winged, usually 3 samaras affixed to an elevated
torus; plants infrequently suberect, rarely entirely upright.
Samaras laterally (and variously) alate, dorsally merely carinate
or shortly alate unless in Diplopteris.
Sepals (as bracts) spathulate to oblong or oblanceolate, the
aestivation valvate; styles curved 4. Diplopteris.
Sepal aestivation quincuncial; styles nearly straight unless in
Hiraea. ^
781
782 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Lateral wings 1 (continuous) or parted top and base, thus 2.
Stipules basal; peduncle medially articulate and bibracteo-
late 1. Mascagnia.
Stipules petiolar, sometimes apical; bractlets basal, the
peduncle not articulate 2. Hiraea.
Lateral wings biparted or deeply bilobate 3. Tetrapteris.
Samaras dorsally alate, laterally inconspicuously if at all.
Stamens all fertile; style tips obtuse or uncinate.
Stigmas lateral; upper (ventral) margin of samara wing thin
(wing rarely equally thick) 5. Heteropteris.
Stigmas orbicular-capitellate on clavate or truncate styles;
samara wing thinner at lower (dorsal) margin.
6. Banisteria.
Stamens usually in part sterile; styles more or less dilated with
lateral stigmas 7. Stigmaphyllon.
Fruit drupaceous, nut-like or capsular, the torus flat or concave;
plants erect except Dicella and sometimes Spachea.
Flowers 2 or more on each little branch of the nodding racemiform
inflorescence; bracts glandular, at least the sterile.
Bracts glandular; styles short; cocci smooth; stipules united,
caducous 8. Spachea.
Bracts eglandular except the sterile; styles exserted; cocci cari-
nate; stipules subulate, nearly free 10. Lophanthera.
Flowers solitary in racemes or corymbs; bracts eglandular except
Bunchosia.
Flowers in terminal more or less elongate racemes; bractlets
eglandular; styles subulate apically.
Petals of the showy flower persisting; leaves small, thin.
9. Galphimia.
Petals of the medium or small flowers deciduous; leaves mostly
firm.
Petals subequal, usually eglandular; styles straight; torus
hirsute; stipules usually minute or small.
14. Byrsonima.
Petals dissimilar, the fifth glandular; styles early uncinate;
torus glabrous; stipules conspicuous, persistent.
15. Burdachia.
Flowers in corymbs or axillary racemes or panicles, these often
short; styles obtuse (dilated apically, Dicella).
FLORA OF PERU 783
Petals glabrous; sepals not accrescent.
Bractlets eglandular; flowers not yellow; pyrenes rough.
11. Malpighia.
Bractlets glandular; flowers yellow; pyrenes smooth.
12. Bunchosia.
Petals sericeous; sepals accrescent after flowering. 13. Dicella.
1. MASCAGNIA Bert.
Mostly scandent shrubs, the leaves reticulate-nerved with small
stipules affixed laterally to the petiole bases, the flowers in the
Peruvian species, except those of M . psilophylla, racemose or panicled,
the fruits variously samaroid. Calyx usually 8-glandular, the ovate-
lanceolate or oval sepals puberulent without, glabrous within. Petal
blade above the claw cordate or obovate, sometimes sericeous with-
out. Stamens usually glabrous, the styles apically rounded to unci-
nate, rarely somewhat sigmoid. Samara wings often distinct, often
continuous but the dorsal and intermediate ones, if developed,
small. — Genus named by Bertero for Paolo Mascagni, the famous
professor of anatomy who died in Florence in 1815.
Petals sericeous without; anthers glabrous or pulverulent, the
stamens subequal; samara wing continuous in M. macrodisca
and M. anisopetala, in others more or less incised, the dorsal
crest oval.
Flowers in small panicled umbels, the pedicels clavate; samara
wings 3, free above and below; leaves glabrate, usually drying
dark M. psilophylla.
Flowers in racemes or corymbs, the pedicels not or obscurely
clavate unless in M. amazonica or M. rigida; samara wings
1 or 2 unless in former; leaves usually drying green or brown,
or pubescent.
Leaves soon glabrate unless the nerves; petals yellow; anthers
typically puberulent; pedicels somewhat clavate; lateral
wings 2, separate (M. rigida) . . . . M. amazonica, M. rigida.
Leaves pilose or sericeous beneath; anthers glabrous (except
M. pubiflora) ; lateral wings continuous, the 1-many dorsal
crests about oval.
Leaves petioled; petals not yellow; pedicels not clavate.
Sericeous shrub or liana; samara wing 6-8 cm. wide.
M . macrodisca.
784 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Pilose-tomentose liana; samara wing 2.5-5 cm. wide.
M. nobilis, M. anisopetala.
Leaves subsessile; petals yellow-orange; pedicels slightly
clavate M. pubiflora.
Petals glabrous; anthers glabrous or pilose, the stamens sometimes
unequal; samara wing continuous or merely incised once or
twice except in M. sericans.
Anthers pilose; stamens as styles, these uncinate, unequal; petals
not yellow; samara wing orbicular, apically incised; leaves
glabrate M. ovatifolia.
Anthers glabrous; stamens as styles (rarely uncinate) subequal
or the former unequal in M. cordifolia.
Leaves soon glabrate or glabrous; styles in part except M . sepium
uncinate.
Leaves oblong-elliptic or ovate-lanceolate; samara wing deeply
incised.
Leaves oblong-elliptic; pedicels and styles elongate, the
latter exserted M. filipes.
Leaves ovate; pedicels about 1 cm. long; styles short.
Flowers yellow M. loretensis.
Flowers roseate M. tenuifolia.
Leaves cordate-ovate or broadly elliptic; samara wing emargi-
nate M. sepium.
Leaves pubescent, at least beneath, even the mature; styles
obtuse or acute; dorsal crests oblongish, 1-few.
Petals yellow (or purple in age); anthers oval; styles subequal,
obtuse or rounded at least in part; leaf pubescence sparse
or appressed sericeous.
Leaves (in Peru) sparsely pubescent; samara with 1 con-
tinuous wing M. sepium.
Leaves lustrous sericeous beneath; samara wings 2, distinct.
M. sericans.
Petals not typically yellow; anthers oblongish; styles at least
in part truncate; leaf pubescence soft, usually dense.
Bracts 2-4 mm. long, the pedicels usually with 1 gland;
stems often velvety pubescent M. cordifolia.
Bracts small, the pedicels eglandular; stems soon glabrate.
M. americana.
FLORA OF PERU 785
Mascagnia amazonica Ndz. Arb. Bot. Inst. Lye. Brunsb. 8: 59.
1926; 114.
Younger parts sericeous tomentulose, the branches glabrate,
about 3 mm. thick; stipules at base of the short petioles minute;
leaves lanceolate, acute at base, acutely acuminate, the acumen
to 1.5 cm. long, little revolute, soon glabrate or somewhat pubescent
beneath, eglandular, the 5-7 nerves prominent, the reticulate veins
scarcely so, to 15 cm. long, 6 cm. wide; leafy panicles of about 5
racemes to about 3 dm. long, the very acuminate biglandular bracts
and bractlets 3-5 mm. long, the clavate pedicels 5-7 mm. long;
sepals acute, revolute at tip; flowers 2 cm. broad, the spreading yellow
petals sericeous beneath, 8-9 mm. long, the claw 1.5 mm. long;
styles subequal, nearly straight, obliquely obtuse; samara not known.
—Much like M. rigida but the leaves lanceolate. F.M. Neg. 12685.
Rio Acre: Seringal San Francisco, Ule 9478, type. Brazil.
Mascagnia americana Bert, in Colla Hort. Ripul. 85. 1824; 99.
Liana, the terete branches and branchlets slender, at most 2 mm.
in diameter, the latter as the 5 cm. long racemes densely velutinous
with rufous rigid trichomes about 0.5 mm. long; leaves ovate or
obovate, more or less cordate, acutely acuminate, to 1 dm. long, half
as wide, revolute-margined, membranous, densely orange or yellow-
ish rigid-pubescent beneath, the 4-6 prominent nerves rufous
sericeous and with 1 or 2 obscure glands at base, glabrate and eglan-
dular above; petioles about 1 cm. long, rufous sericeous and with
2-4 small glands; stipules lanceolate or subulate, 10-13 mm. long;
racemes to 16-flowered, the peduncle in fruit to 2 cm. long, disposed
in pyramidal panicles to 13 cm. long; bracts and bractlets little shorter
than flowering peduncles (minute in Peruvian specimen), 1-2.5 mm.
long; flowers unknown in type; samara puberulent, the wing 3-5
mm. wide, excised at apex, to 2.5 cm. long, oblong dorsal crest
to 1.5 cm. long. — The Weberbauer plant referred here by Niedenzu
had lilac flowers; petals equal, glabrous, minutely crenulate, 5 mm.
long; styles rounded or truncate; anthers glabrous. F.M. Neg. 8021.
Piura: At Quiros between LaRosa and Olleros, 1,400 meters,
Weberbauer 6353 (may be doubtful). Colombia; Venezuela.
Mascagnia anisopetala (Juss.) Griseb. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 12,
pt. 1: 95. 1858; 106. Hiraea anisopetala Juss. in St. Hil. Fl. Bras.
3: 15. 1832.
786 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Ashy pilose-sericeous liana, usually only the leaves glabrate in
age above; stipules subulate, barely 1 mm. long; petioles stout,
7-20 mm. long, evanescently glandular; leaves ovate-elliptic (often
broadly elliptic in Peru) or oblong, acute or obtuse at base, acuminate
or obtuse and apiculate, to 13(15) cm. long, 6.5(10) cm. wide,
membranous-chartaceous, smooth and lustrous above, rarely more
or less glabrate beneath, the 5-6(8) primary nerves prominent and
with the secondary reticulate, the basal marginal glands 2-5; racemes
usually many in panicles; floriferous pedicels none to 2 mm. long,
bibracteolate 4-7 mm. below the apex, pedicels 3-6 mm. long, bracts
and bractlets ovate or lanceolate, often recurved, 3-5 mm. long and
with none or as many as 4 glands; flowers 10-12.5 mm. wide, lilac
or rose, sepals lanceolate with 8 glands free and recurved at tip;
petals extremely unequal, the fifth at least twice as long as the rest,
all minutely and closely denticulate, sericeous; styles equal, com-
pressed, acute; samara wings suborbicular, 3.5-5 cm. wide, cleft to
subglobose nut and overlapping at top, the many (type) dorsal crests
1-1.5 cm. high, 6 mm. wide; ventral areole broad as long (4 mm.).
The material placed here has 1-few crests. — Illustrated, Pflanzen-
reich, I.e. page 93 (fruit and flower). F.M. Neg. 24285.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 5504; 5619. — Loreto: Mishu-
yacu, King 522. Yurimaguas, Killip & Smith 27557. Aguaitia,
(Woytkowski 34453, det. Cuatrecasas). To Paraguay and Brazil.
Mascagnia cordifolia (Juss.) Griseb. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 12,
pt. 1: 95. 1858; 97. Hiraea cordifolia Juss. in St. Hil. Fl. Bras. 3:
19. 1832.
Apparently very much like M. sepium but the pubescence
typically velutinous (however the leaves are sometimes, it seems,
glabrate in Peru), the bractlets provided with a large gland, the
petals roseate or lilac (sulphureous, subsp. thianiha), and the stamens
rather unequal with often oblongish anthers. — The var. fusca Sus-
senguth, Repert. Sp. Nov. 42: 46. 1937 differs from the type, accord-
ing to its author, in the brown-velvety stems and petioles, the leaves
to 12 cm. long, 11 cm. wide with much looser pilosity and with 2-4
glands beneath about 1 cm. remote from the margin; much more
aberrant, and perhaps not correctly placed here, is Klug 25 with
strigose pubescence, sparse on the leaves but with the inflorescence
(including glands, flower color and anthers) of M. cordifolia rather
than of M. sepium, to which I at one time referred it, with query;
it may be designated M. cordifolia var. peruviana Macbr., var. nov.,
FLORA OF PERU 787
foliis ovato-ellipticis ad 2 dm. longis, 1 dm. latis supra demum
glabris subtus sparse strigosis. F.M. Neg. 12687 (subsp. ihiantha).
Loreto: Liana in clearing with bright lilac flowers, Mishuyacu,
Klug 25 (type, var. peruviana). — Rio Acre: Rio Macauhan, Krukoff
5781 (type, var. fusca). Middle Brazil; Colombia.
Mascagnia filipes Macbr., sp. nov.
M. loretensis differt stipulis vix 1 mm. longis, petiolis ad 12 mm.
longis fere 2 mm. crassis, foliis oblongo-ellipticis apice breviter
obtuseque acuminatis 13 cm. longis, 5-6.5 cm. latis, basi biglandu-
losis; pedunculis paniculorum 4-5 cm. longis, minute puberulis,
floriferis vix 2 mm. longis, haud incrassatis; pedicellis circa 15 mm.
longis; petalis suboblongis 4 mm. longis tenue carinatis; staminibus
inequalibus ad 2 mm. longis. — It is for convenience that I compare
this liana here (perhaps new only to Peru), as its relationship is
probably elsewhere; the long-peduncled leafless axillary and terminal
panicles, the latter about 1.5 dm. long and broad, are further distinc-
tions, but without fruit its generic position — for that matter, of
course, its family position — can only be surmised. The collector
noted the flowers as pale lilac and yellow.
Loreto: Mishuyacu near Iquitos, Klug 815 (type, U. S. Nat.
Mus.).
Mascagnia loretensis Morton, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 45: 49.
1932.
Branchlets slender, 2 mm. thick, elenticellate, glabrous; stipules
persistent, cartilaginous margined, 2 mm. long; petioles slightly
canaliculate, eglandular, to 9 mm. long; leaves ovate, rounded at
base, gradually acuminate, to 9 cm. long, half as wide, concolor,
lustrous above, plane, equally membranous to margin, the 5-6
nerves and reticulation equally prominent both sides; racemes to
12-flowered in terminal sessile leafy panicles about 6 cm. long,
these leaves lanceolate, sparsely pubescent both sides; raceme
peduncles 1 cm. long or so, densely strigose, floriferous peduncles
to 2 mm. long, strongly clavate, medially bracteolate, the small
ovate bracts and bractlets pubescent; flowers about 12 mm. wide,
sepals oval, rounded, 3 mm. long, 8-glandular; petals yellow, gla-
brous, 4 mm. long, wing-carinate; anthers glabrous; anterior style
truncate, 2 posterior uncinate; ovary hirsute; samara glabrous,
obovate, nut ovoid, the areole linear-lanceolate, 5 mm. long, 1 mm.
wide; lateral wings continuous at base, distinct at apex where both
788 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
are incised into lanceolate or ovate lobes, 15 mm. broad and high,
margins irregular, the dorsal semiovate, 13 mm. long, 5 mm. wide,
connate at base with lateral, the acute tip much longer than nut,
intermediate wings none. — Allied by author to M. violacea and
M. nervosa, the former with violet or roseate flowers, the petals
scarcely carinate, lateral wings distinct base and apex, these in the
latter continuous, both species with revolute margined leaves,
larger in M. nervosa, and both species with narrower stipules and
bracts.
Loreto: Mishuyacu near Iquitos, Klug 907, type. Puente Arturo,
Williams 5231 (distr. as M. tenuifolia).
Mascagnia macrodisca (Tr. & PI.) Ndz. Arb. Bot. Inst. Lye.
Brunsb. 3: 16. 1908; 105. Hiraea macrodisca Tr. & PI. Ann. Sci.
Nat. se"r. 4. 18: 326. 1862. M. anisopetala (Juss.) Griseb. var.
macrodisca (Tr. & PI.) Kosterm. Med. Bot. Mus. Rijks Univ. Utrecht
25: 5. 1936.
Like M. anisopetala but appressed sericeous, the trichomes sub-
sessile, leaves to 17.5 cm. long, 9 cm. wide, lower petioles 2-3 cm.
long, glabrous; sepal tips little longer than the glands; samara wing
6-8 cm. wide. — According to the collector the Peruvian plant was
a liana; apparently it is referable here but the related species seems
to be similar. The Williams specimen, unfortunately, like the type,
has undeveloped flowers; therefore Kostermans' treatment of this
plant as a variant marked merely by the leaves slightly sericeous
beneath, while probably correct, remains to be proved. F.M.
Neg. 24290.
Loreto: La Victoria, Williams 2741- Colombia; Surinam.
Mascagnia nobilis Morton, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 45: 51.
1932.
Striate branches 4.5 mm. thick, the densely yellowish sericeous
internodes about 1.5 dm. long; stipules thick, persistent, scarcely
0.5 mm. long; petioles about 2-2.5 cm. long, canaliculate, densely
sericeous; leaves broadly ovate, rounded at base, rarely 4 mm. long-
apiculate, usually 8-9 cm. wide, 10-15 cm. long, membranous, gla-
brous above except midnerve, densely pubescent beneath with slender
stiped medially bifurcate trichomes and with a few glands, the
eglandular margin scarcely revolute, the 5-6 nerves prominent
beneath; panicles axillary, 2 dm. long in fruit, peduncles 7 cm. long,
pubescent at internodes, the leaves similar to the lower but often
FLORA OF PERU 789
3 cm. long, 2 cm. wide; racemes about 10-flowered, lower peduncle
21 mm. long, upper shorter, floriferous, 2.5-4 mm. long, basally
bracted with 2 bractlets about 2 mm. below the tip, 2 mm. long,
Bglandular, pedicels 4.5 mm. long; sepals glandular, recurved;
samara densely sericeous, ventral areole ovate, about 4 mm. long,
nut subglobose, 6 mm. long, lateral wings oval, membranous, 2.5 cm.
wide, 4-4.5 cm. long, subentire, dorsal suborbicular, 4 mm. wide,
much exceeding nutlet. — In Peru most like M. sericans, said to be
erect with short internodes, coriaceous leaves and no stipules (Mor-
ton).
Loreto: Yurimaguas, Killip & Smith 27557, type.
Mascagnia ovatifolia (HBK.) Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 121.
(1859) 1864; 101. Hiraea ovatifolia HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 170.
1822. H. elegans Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. se>. 2. 13: 261. 1840. M.
elegans (Juss.) Griseb. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 12, pt. 1: 95. 1858, fide Ndz.
Liana, the slender branchlets and laxly many-flowered racemes
ashy puberulent, the glabrate striate branches to 5 mm. thick;
petioles canaliculate above, slender, to 2 cm. long, glabrate to
sericeous, eglandular or the glands minute, stipules triangular to
subulate, less than 1 mm. long; leaves typically lanceolate-ovate,
obtuse or rounded at base, more or less acuminate, to 12.5 cm. long,
5-7.5 cm. wide, plane, membranous-chartaceous, in Peru eglandular
except for 2 glands on base beneath, early sericeous both sides, the
adult glabrate, the 4-5 nerves slender; floral leaves to 1.5 cm. long;
racemes disposed in ample panicles, the floriferous peduncles about
medially bibracteolate, 2-4 mm. long, the bractlets minute, eglan-
dular; flowers about 12 mm. wide, the oblong or oval sepals glandular,
the limb of broad glabrous petals subdenticulate, 3-4 mm. long, the
straight claw 3 mm. long; styles acute or uncinate, the 2 posterior
sigmoid; stamens long-exserted, the oval anthers pilose at base;
samaras sparsely long-pubescent, the mostly entire orbicular wings
sometimes excised 3 mm., often 2.5-3 cm. wide, glabrous, mem-
branous, strongly veined, the semicordate dorsal crest keel-like,
4-6 mm. long, 2-4 mm. wide. — The leaves are sometimes cordate,
forma cordata Ndz. Type was from Cumana. The R. & P. specimen
is B. flabelliformis of their journal. Illustrated, Pflanzenreich, I.e.
page 93. F.M. Negs. 12694; 35630 (M. elegans}.
Huanuco: Pozuzo, Ruiz & Pavdn. — Junin: Vitoc, Ruiz & Pavdn.
— San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4954,' Williams 6789. Mount
Chilcayo, Vie 6707; 6708; Mathews 3124.— Loreto: Yurimaguas,
790 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Poeppig 2233; 1233, fide Juss., type, H. elegans; "H. cyclocarpa
Poeppig" mss. On the Ucayali, Tessman 3442; Killip & Smith
26883. Near Iquitos, Tessmann 4660. Pongo de Manseriche,
Tessmann 6314 (det. Standley); Williams 7898; 8218. San Isidro,
Tessmann 4974. — Cuzco: Valle de Santa Ana, (Herrera). — Rio Acre:
? Ule 9481 . Lower Rio Nanay, Williams 502. Fortaleza, King
2810. Argentina and Paraguay to Ecuador and Trinidad. "Noja-
rilla" (Williams).
Mascagnia psilophylla (Juss.) Griseb. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 12,
pt. 1: 94. 1858; 120. Hiraea psilophylla Juss. in St. Hil. Fl. Bras.
3: 20. 1832. Banisteria antifebrilis Ruiz ex Griseb. Linnaea 22: 15.
1849. M. psilophylla (Juss.) Griseb. var. antifebrilis (Griseb.) Ndz.
I.e. 121.
Scandent or subscandent shrub with alutaceous or cinereous
branches about 5 mm. thick and yellow flowers mostly in 4-flowered,
often corymbose or paniculate umbels; petioles nearly glabrous,
sometimes biglandular below the tip, to 2 cm. long; stipules glanduli-
form or tuberculiform at each side of petiole base; leaves revolute,
ovate or elliptic to subrotund, acute or obtuse at the often inequi-
lateral base, often with acumen 2-3 cm. long, membranous-charta-
ceous, soon glabrate, 1-1.5 dm. long, 5-10 cm. wide, with 4-5
prominent nerves and 1-2 marginal glands on each side above the
base; flowering peduncles 3-7 mm. long, the pedicels more than twice
as long; bracts and bractlets minute, rounded; flowers 15 mm. broad,
the sepals glandular, orbicular, the petal limb typically rounded,
dentate, rarely glandular, sericeous without; anthers orbicular; styles
recurved-divergent, sericeous; samara wings coriaceous, 3, the lateral
sinuate, excised to the subglobose nut at base and apex, the whole
3-5 cm. wide, the middle dorsal wing oval, 5-7.5 mm. wide. — The
Peruvian plant is said to be M. psilophylla var. peruviana Ndz.
Arb. Bot. Inst. Lye. Brunsb. 3: 28. 1908, the leaves to 3 cm. caudate-
acuminate, umbels many in lateral panicles, petal limb spathulate,
acute and glandular-fimbriate at base. Illustrated, Pflanzenreich,
I.e. page 119. F.M. Neg. 12695.
Huanuco: Pueblo Nuevo, Ruiz & Pavdn, type. North of Tingo
Maria, Stork & Horton 9543 (det. Standley). Chicoplaya, Ruiz &
Pav6n. — San Martin: Tarapoto, Ule 6441. Chazuta, King 4052
(det. Morton). — Loreto: Fortaleza, Williams 4219. Pongo de Man-
seriche, Tessmann 5454; Mexia 6330 (det. Standley, Banisteria
cinerascens, var.; Morton, B. peruviana}. Bolivia to Uruguay and
Brazil. "Shillinto" (Klug), "lejuco de Calentuxas" (Ruiz & Pavon).
FLORA OF PERU 791
Mascagnia pubiflora (Juss.) Griseb. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 12, pt. 1:
91. 1858; 115. Hiraea pubiflora Juss. in St. Hil. Fl. Bras. 3: 14.
1832.
All younger parts velutinous, the branchlets ancipital, the
branches finally terete and glabrate; petioles subcylindrical, 3-5 mm.
long, the subulate stipules only 0.5 mm. long; leaves cordate at
base, ovate, acutely acuminate, 1-2 dm. long, 4-9 cm. wide, in age
glabrate above except the nerves, these impressed or beneath
prominent; racemes elongating to even 40 flowers, lax, the pedicels
typically articulate medially, the ovate lanceolate very acute bracts
and bractlets 5 and 3.5 mm. long or longer and pedicels little en-
larged; flowers to 2.5 cm. wide; sepals broadly ovate, often revolute
and glandular; petals densely sericeous, crenulate; stamens and
styles subequal, the puberulent anthers oval, the styles especially
the curved anterior acuminate; samaras velutinous, the broad wings
to 2 cm. long. — Morton questions his determination but it seems to
be correct. Illustrated, Niedenzu, I.e. page 109 (flower). F.M.
Negs. 3561; 32415; 24292; 12696 (var.).
San Martin: Juanjui, Klug 4259 (det. Morton). Central Brazil.
Mascagnia rigida (Juss.) Griseb. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 12, pt. 1:
92. 1858; 108. Hiraea rigida Juss. in St. Hil. Fl. Bras. 3: 14. 1832.
Younger parts (including the leaves beneath at least sometimes)
appressed yellowish or greenish-orange, sericeous-strigose, the terete
glabrate branches to 6 mm. thick; stipules deciduous, 1 mm. long;
petioles canaliculate above, 1-1.5 cm. long; adult leaves elliptic or
obovate, acute or narrowed at base, shortly acuminate, more or less
sericeous beneath on the 4-5 nerves, otherwise sparsely pubescent
or glabrate, densely reticulate, thin-chartaceous to rigid-coriaceous,
to 13 cm. long, 3-7 cm. wide; racemes axillary to 4-5 mm. long,
leafy bracted, disposed in close panicles, the rachises more or less
persistently sericeous, the pedicels 3-6 mm. long, the bracts and
bractlets glandular or eglandular; flowers about 13 mm. wide, yellow
or orange, the acutish or rounded sepals glandular, the short-clawed
cordate petals subentire to denticulate, early densely sericeous;
anthers oval to obovoid, usually puberulent both ends; styles sub-
equal, nearly straight, obtuse; lateral samara wings to 2.75 cm. long,
1.75 cm. wide, the dorsal crest 1-1.25 cm. long, 5 mm. wide, the nut
rounded or little produced at base. — Illustrated, Pflanzenreich, I.e.
page 109 (flower and fruit). F.M. Neg. 35633.
792 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4227. Juanjui, King 3881 (det.
Morton). — Madre De Dios: Decumbent shrub, Iberia, Seibert 2171.
Bolivia to Ecuador and Brazil.
Mascagnia sepium (Juss.) Griseb. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 12, pt. 1:
96. 1858; 94. Hiraea sepium Juss. in St. Hil. Fl. Bras. 3: 19. 1832.
More or less persistently and sericeously pubescent liana with
subsessile (typically) straight-branched or forked trichomes, the
younger parts and axillary corymbs densely so, the branches glabrate,
to 5 mm. thick, lenticellate; stipules minute (or apparently sometimes
to 10 mm. long) ; petioles about 2 cm. long, sometimes much shorter
or much longer; leaves ovate, often broadly, obtuse, rounded or
cordate at base, more or less acuminate, usually about 10 cm. long,
8-9 cm. wide, the adult glabrate or puberulent, even densely so
(the Peruvian form sparsely pilose), membranous to coriaceous,
often with a number of impressed glands beneath, the margins
revolute, the 4-6 primary nerves prominent; common peduncles
5-15 mm. long, floriferous bibracteolate below the apex or at least
above the middle, 4-11 mm. long, pedicels velutinous, slender,
5-20 mm. long; bracts and bractlets mostly subulate-lanceolate, the
latter often with 1 small basal gland and 1.5 mm. long, the former
twice as long; flowers yellow, 10-13 mm. wide, sepals ovate, obtuse,
3-4 mm. long, petals incurved, nearly wing-carinate, glabrous;
anthers ellipsoid, epipetalous stamens equal as the short nearly
straight styles, the posterior more or less rounded dorsally; samara
nut puberulent, wing ovate or orbicular, apex little produced,
(2)2.5-3.5 cm. wide, dorsal crests to about 1 cm. long. — The material
cited is not typical; but species is variable as interpreted. F.M.
Neg. 32416.
Loreto: Mishuyacu near Iquitos, Killip & Smith 29909; Klug 55.
Near Iquitos, Williams 3711; 3569. Argentina to Tobago and
Honduras.
Mascagnia sericans Ndz. Arb. Bot. Inst. Lye. Brunsb. 3: 21.
1908; 111.
Allied by the author to M. rigida but apparently not similar,
the appressed sericeous pubescence mostly persisting and the anthers
glabrous; petioles sometimes biglandular at base; leaves broadly
obtuse to rounded or cordulate at base, usually much larger and with
7-8 nerves sometimes heavy-coriaceous; stipules none; pedicels 3-3.5
mm. long; bracts and bractlets acute, usually 1-2 glanduliferous;
FLORA OF PERU 793
sepals oblong, revolute at tip; petals glabrous, the oval or ovate
limb 4, the claw 2 mm. long; samara sericeous or glabrate, the wings
to 12 mm. wide, the semiorbicular dorsal crests 1.5-6 mm. wide. —
The author referred the Tessmann collections to his var. paraguari-
ensis with rather more rounded leaves, samara wings sinuate-
margined, the crests to 6 mm. high. Morton has given an herbarium
name (after the senior collector) to Kittip & Smith 27035; there is
indeed either considerable variation or more than one species con-
cerned. F.M. Negs. 12697; 24293.
Loreto: Marshy wood near Iquitos, Tessmann 3979; 5031; Killip
& Smith 27035; Williams 3646. Mishuyacu, King 887.— Rio Acre:
Seringal San Francisco, flowers yellow, then purple, Ule 9482. To
Paraguay and Brazil.
Mascagnia tenuifolia Ndz. Arb. Bot. Inst. Lye. Brunsb. 3: 10.
1908; 99.
Allied by author to M. americana and rather similar but the
compressed canaliculate branchlets and inflorescence peduncles
sparsely puberulent, the branches glabrate, mostly only 1.5 mm.
thick; younger leaves sparsely sericeous, the adult soon glabrate
both sides, acute or rarely cordate at base, mostly 8-10 cm. long,
about half as wide, often shortly acuminate, with 6-8 nerves; petioles
glabrate, 4-5 mm. long, the subulate stipules scarcely 1 mm. long;
corymbiform racemules 8-12-flowered, disposed in leafy panicles;
flowers rose-colored, hardly 1 cm. across, the orbicular subdenticu-
late limb 3 mm. long, claw 2 mm. long; samara wings orbicular 2-2.5
cm. wide or smaller, dorsal crests semiovate, acuminate, to 1 cm.
high, about 3 mm. wide, the ventral barely 1 mm. wide. — The
Peruvian variant is at least in part var. amazonica Ndz. I.e. page 100,
leaves rounded at base, hardly 5 cm. wide, 12 cm. long, acumen
to 2 cm. long, finally chartaceous; styles distinctly uncinate at tips;
samara puberulent, the oval wings as much as 3 cm. high, 2-2.5 cm.
wide. M. hippocrateoides (Tr. & PI.) Ndz., 116, of Ecuador and
north bears a superficial resemblance but has long-fimbriate fifth
petal, elongate unequal styles, lateral samara wings divaricate.
F.M. Negs. 12698; 21344 (vars.).
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4607; 4958; Williams 6084; 6085;
6592; 6292 (leaves cordulate). Brazil; Venezuela.
2. HIRAEAJacq.
Lianas in most respects resembling Mascagnia but the leaves
areolate, not only the primary nerves but also the secondary parallel,
794 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
the stipules rather large, sometimes at base, sometimes at tip of
petioles affixed; umbels always truly axillary or terminating short
branches, now single, now disposed in panicles, more or less peduncled.
Cotyledons very unequal, the inner one many times smaller than
the thick plicate outer. Samaras variously cristate dorsally, the
lateral wings membranous to coriaceous. — The involved treatment
by Niedenzu of this group has been more bewildering to me, if
possible, than his obviously labored efforts of cataloging elsewhere.
Named for Jean Nicolas De La Hire, French physician of the early
eighteenth century.
Stamens as styles subequal and straight; peduncle often conspic-
uously bracted below much shorter umbel H. Spruceana.
Stamens as styles somewhat unequal (former subequal, H. fagifolia,
H. crassipes), the latter exserted and slightly curved; peduncle
not elongate.
Leaves villous beneath all over, at least finely.
Trichomes mostly bifurcate, the umbel mostly 3-radiate.
H. ternifolia.
Trichomes mostly simple as also the umbels H. villosa.
Leaves soon glabrate or glabrous beneath unless the principal
nerves; species apparently not stabilized, i.e., characters
either inconstant, noncomitant or intangible.
Stamens unequal; pubescence of oblong-lanceolate or obovate
leaves soon restricted to midnerve or sparse; anthers little
longer than broad . . H. transiens, H. bahiensis, H. Kunthiana.
Stamens subequal; leaves broadly elliptic, slightly if at all obo-
vate; anthers oblong.
Styles sericeous at base; pubescence soon restricted to the
midnerve or most obviously so H. fagifolia.
Styles glabrous; pubescence typically persisting, ashy seri-
ceous, on all the nerves H. crassipes.
Hiraea bahiensis Moric. PL Amer. Rar. 107. 1830; 139.
High climbing liana, the branchlets and young leaves yellowish
sericeous, the terete canaliculate branches glabrate and densely
lenticellate, 4 (-8) mm. thick, the adult leaves more or less glabrate
and marginal glands obsolete; petioles 1-13 mm. long, the setaceous
recurving stipules apical, about 2 mm. long; leaves nearly oblong,
to 2 dm. long, 7 cm. wide, often narrower, usually acute at base,
FLORA OF PERU 795
mostly obtusely acuminate (acumen to 2 cm. long), chartaceous,
nearly plane, the nerves on both sides prominent, the secondary more
or less parallel, densely areolate; flowers to 2 cm. broad, pedicels
1-2 cm. long, bracts ovate, 2 mm. long, bractlets rotund, 1-1.5 mm.
long; sepals broadly ovate, typically glandular; petal limb 6-8 mm.
broad, cordate, deeply fimbriate, long-clawed, the fifth smaller;
stamens unequal and as styles curved, especially the posterior at
apex pediform-uncinate; samara wings auriculiform, often confluent
at base 2-3.5 cm. high, 1.5-2 cm. wide, the portion above the globose
nut (this more puberulent) higher and broader than the basal part,
the dorsal crest more or less triangular, 4-6 mm. wide, 2-3 mm. high.
—The Peruvian plant is sometimes forma Salzmanniana (Juss.) Ndz.
I.e. page 140, the calyx without glands. It seems to me probable that
the specimens cited could be included in H. fagifolia sens. lat. or
H. Kunthiana. F.M. Negs. 24271; 24272 (forma).
San Martin: Flowers red and yellow, Zepelacio, Klug 3375 (det.
Standley, H. transiens). Flowers orange and white, Juanjui, Klug
3866 (det. Morton, H. transiens?). — Loreto: Puerto Mele*ndez,
(Tessmann 4866). Flowers golden, Fortaleza, Klug 2811 (det.
Standley). Flowers yellow, Zungarosa, Mexia 6300 (det. Standley,
H. transiens). Flowers sulphur yellow, Florida, Klug 1994 (det.
Morton, H. transiens). To Argentina and French Guiana.
Hiraea crassipes Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. se'r. 2. 13: 258. 1840; 140.
Resembles H. bahiensis and H. fagifolia; branches minutely
lenticellate, the leaves mostly oblanceolate and obtuse and persist-
ently ashy sericeous on the nerves beneath; petioles 1-3 cm. long,
the subapical linear lanceolate stipules 3-4 mm. long; leaves rarely
obovate, rarely acuminate and apiculate, rounded or somewhat
cordate at base, to 3 dm. long, 12 cm. wide, glabrate in age except
the 12-15 nerves, eglandular; inflorescence often composed of 3
umbels, the fruiting pedicels clavate, to 3 mm. thick at apex, 13-20
mm. long, bracts mostly tricuspidate, the middle cusp 5 mm. long,
the flowering bracts and bractlets ovate-rotund, 2-3 mm. long;
flowers 15-17 mm. broad; sepals suborbicular, 8-10-glandular;
stamens subequal, the styles mostly glabrous and scarcely uncinate
at the little produced apex; samara wings obliquely oval, 3.5-4 cm.
high, about 2.5 cm. wide, the back of the subglobose nut completely
crested to 5 mm. high, scarcely 2 mm. wide. — F.M. Neg. 24270.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4600 (det. Niedenzu, H. fagifolia).
— Junin: Vitoc, Ruiz & Pavdn. — Huanuco: Cuchero, Poeppig 1787,
796 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
type. — Loreto: Pongo de Manseriche, scandent for 15 meters, Mexia
6138 (det. Standley, H. fagifolia). Flood-free woods, mouth of the
Santiago, (Tessmann 4138). — Peru-Colombia Boundary: Rio Putu-
mayo, forest, Klug 1609 (det. Morton, H.fagifolia). Chile?
Hiraea fagifolia (DC.) Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. s<§r. 2. 13: 258.
1840; 140. Banisteriafagifolia DC. Prodr. 1: 590. 1824. H.Blancheti-
ana Moric. PI. Nouv. Amer. 104. pi. 65. 1841. H. fagifolia (DC.)
Juss. var. Candolleana Ndz. Verz. Vorles. Lye. Brunsb. W.-S. 14.
1906.
Very much like H. crassipes but the rather obtusely acuminate
leaves mostly obovate, more or less cordate at base, and soon gla-
brate both sides except for the ashy sericeous midnerve beneath,
even this glabrate in age, the primary nerves rubescent, the pedicels
0.5-1 mm. thick, the styles more or less sericeous at base, the dorsal
crests of the samara affixed only to the upper part of the nut;
petioles 5-10 mm. long, their subapical stipules setaceous; panicles
ashy sericeous, composed of 1-5 umbels, the pedicels 12-15 mm.
long, the ovate bracts and bractlets 1-2 mm. long; sepals eglandular
or 8-glandular; anthers oblong; samara wings suborbicular to reni-
form forming a somewhat sinuate margined semicircle. — The var.
Blanchetiana (Moric.) Ndz. has oval-oblong leaves, rounded at base,
calyx glandular, dorsal crest scarcely 2 mm. high, characters of doubt-
ful import. Illustrated, Moric. I.e. and Ndz. I.e. page 130 (fruit).
F.M. Neg. 8016.
Junin: Chanchamayo, Schunke 405; 328. Florida, Klug 2058.
Fortaleza, Klug 2811 (det. H. bahiensis in herb.). — Loreto: Cha-
paga, Ule 6709. Flood-free rain forest, mouth of the Santiago,
Tessmann 4018; 4490; 4467. Bolivia to Central America and
Trinidad.
Hiraea Kunthiana Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. seY. 2. 13: 258. 1840;
134. Malpighia (!)obovata HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 146. 1822.
H. obovata (HBK.) Ndz. Verz. Vorles. Lye. Brunsb. W.-S. 7. 1906,
not Huber, Bol. Mus. Paraense 3: 424. 1902.
Liana, the younger parts sericeous-strigose but soon glabrate or
in Peru apparently nearly glabrous, even the younger leaves and the
shortly peduncled umbels, these often in three's, the flowers on
slender pedicels 1.5-2 cm. long; petioles 2-4 mm. long with subulate
stipules sometimes apparently small or obscure; leaves oblanceolate
or obovate obtuse or rounded at the apiculate tip, more or less
FLORA OP PERU 797
cuneate at base, 8-12 cm. long, about a third as wide, chartaceous,
finely but prominently nerved at least beneath; flowers 10-13 mm.
wide; petals more or less denticulate; stamens as styles somewhat
unequal; samaras puberulent with small biconvex nut and thin
undulate margined veiny wings. — The Peruvian specimen only in
flower has somewhat smaller nearly glabrous leaves. F.M. Neg.
37494.
Loreto: Mishuyacu near Iquitos, Klug 737. Bolivia to Mexico.
Hiraea Spruceana Ndz. Arb. Bot. Inst. Lye. Brunsb. 4: 7.
1912; 129.
Liana, the younger parts including the compressed branchlets
golden tomentose, this indument persisting in the typical form on
the under surface of the leaves; petioles canaliculate above, to
2 cm. long, with 2 obscure glands and 2 stipules at base, the latter
3-5 mm. long and nearly concealed in tomentum; leaves elliptic or
somewhat ovate, rounded at base, shortly apiculate, to 2 dm. long,
more than half as wide, nearly plane, in age smooth and more or
less evanescently puberulent above, the 12, more or fewer, primary
nerves as the subparallel secondary prominent beneath, 2-5 mm.
distant; peduncle (flowering branch) with 2 obovate rotund bracts
1-15 cm. long at the node, this about 5 cm. above the leaf-axil and
5-10 mm. below the umbel of around 20 flowers; pedicels at base 1,
at apex 2 mm. thick, to nearly 3 cm. long, the minute thick ovate
bracts and bractlets hidden in tomentum; sepals ovate, basally in-
curved, apically recurved, with 8 glands; petals cordate-ovate,
about 5 mm. long and wide except the smaller glandular-dentate
fifth; styles nearly straight, the obliquely obtuse tip dorsally acute.—
Three related species have been proposed: H. brachyptera Tr. &
PI. 130, Colombian, H. colombiana Morton, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.
46: 88. 1933 and H. pachypoda Ndz. 131, of Ecuador; the first has
oblanceolate leaves acute at base, long-acuminate, sericeous beneath,
the second broadly elliptic cordate-based leaves, obtuse or apiculate,
densely strigose beneath, the last subglabrous oblong-elliptic apicu-
late leaves. Under an unpublished name by Morton after the locality
Putumayo and quite possibly occurring within Peru is a nearly
glabrous cordate-based rotund-leaved plant, the peduncles without
the leafy bracts that characterize the other species; in leaf -form it
simulates the following Peruvian collection so closely that Standley
gave it the ined. name. Because of the uncertainty of the relation-
ship and the constancy of the characters concerned, I designate this
liana with rust-yellow flowers only as H. Spruceana var. Mortoniana
798 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Macbr., var. nov., ramulis ad apicem (demum rugoso-striatis et
glabratis) petiolis pedunculisque dense strigose-pubescentibus ut
videtur haud aureo-tomentosis; foliis basi rotundo-cordatulatis ad
3 dm. longis, 18 cm. latis, subtus sparse cum pilis furcatis puberulis;
petiolis 2-4 cm. longis obscure vel haud canaliculatis ad basin versus
bistipulatis, stipulis subulatis circa 2 mm. longis; pedicellis vix
incrassatis, circa 15 mm. longis. F.M. Neg. 32414.
San Martin: Zepelacio near Moyobamba, forest, Klug 8332,
type, var. Ecuador.
Hiraea ternifolia (HBK.) Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. se>. 2. 13: 257.
1840; 136. Malpighia (l)ternifolia HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 146.
1822.
Liana with canaliculate typically puberulent-velutinous branch-
lets and leaves beneath; petioles to 2 cm. long, biglandular below
the tip, the orbicular sessile glands often obscure, and setaceous
stipules in type 2-5 mm. long, medial; leaves broadly obovate,
rounded at tip, subcordulate at base, smooth and lustrous above,
the fine nerves impressed but rather coarse beneath; flowers about
23 mm. wide in triradiate or paniculate umbels; sepals ovate, some-
times eglandular; petals subentire except the glandular ciliate fifth;
anthers scarcely more than 1 mm. long; samara wings little broader
than long, 18 and 15 mm. — The Peruvian specimen seems to approach
H. villosa except for pubescence; it may be named H. ternifolia var.
peruviana Macbr., var. nov., petiolis 5-8 mm. longis ad apicem
bistipulatis, stipulis subulatis 2-3 mm. longis; floribus vix 1 cm.
latis.
San Martin: Liana with golden-yellow flowers in forest, Juanjui,
Klug 3801 (type, var. peruviana). Colombia; Venezuela; Brazil?
Hiraea transiens Ndz. Verz. Vorles. Lye. Brunsb. W.-S. 8.
1906; 134.
Younger branches, branchlets and leaves sericeous, finally gla-
brate or the latter on the prominent nerves beneath ashy sericeous
as the 7-18 mm. long petioles, these with 2-3 mm. long stipules
below the apex; leaves obovate, obtuse or subcordate at base, obtuse
or somewhat acuminate and apiculate at tip, usually 2.5 dm. long,
1.5 dm. wide, subplane, nearly smooth above, glanduliferous toward
the tip; umbels 4-6-flowered, often many in a contracted corymb,
bracts and bractlets about orbicular and 1 mm. long, the pedicels
to about twice as long; flowers yellowish, nearly 15 mm. broad, the
FLORA OF PERU 799
sepals with 8 orbicular or oval glands, the cuneiform-orbicular petal
limb 4-6 mm. long with claw about half as long, denticulate-fimbriate,
the fifth one glandular; styles uncinate dorsally; immature samara
with oval lateral wings, oblique-quadrangular dorsal crest. — Species
of doubtful status, the salient characters possibly not significant: cf.
H. crassipes, H. fagifolia. F.M. Neg. 12706.
San Martin: Juan Guerra near Tarapoto, ( Ule 644ty- — Loreto:
Iquitos, (Tessmann 4194)' To the Maranon, (Tessmann 4590).
Colombia to Venezuela, Brazil and Bolivia.
Hiraea villosa [Poeppig] Ndz. Verz. Vorles. Lye. Brunsb. W.-S.
11. 1906; 137.
Branchlets and umbels — these mostly simple on peduncles about
5 mm. long — and leaves beneath hirsute- tomentose with subsimple
trichomes, some 1-2 mm. long; branches finally glabrate, slender,
to 3 mm. thick; leaves obovate-lanceolate, acuminate (acumen to
1.5 cm. long), lucid with the 9-12 nerves impressed above, hispidulous
or in age glabrate, more or less glandular dentate, hirsute beneath,
to 12 cm. long, 5 cm. wide; stipules 3-4 mm. long at about the middle
of the 5-8 mm. long petioles; umbels usually solitary, pedicels about
1 cm. long, bracts and bractlets roundish, 1 mm. long; flowers nearly
2 cm. broad, the ovate sepals glandular, the petal limb orbicular;
samara wings 4 cm. high, 2-2.5 cm. wide, the dorsal crest semior-
bicular, rarely acutely acuminate. — Poeppig's name was unpublished
and under a related genus. Illustrated, Pflanzenreich, I.e. page 130
(fruit). F.M. Neg. 12708.
Hudnuco: Woods near Cuchero, Poeppig 1668, type. Colombia.
3. TETRAPTERIS Cav.
Mostly scandent shrubs with entire petioled leaves, interpetiolar
stipules attached to petiole or to branch, and yellow flowers usually
in corymbs or umbels disposed in terminal panicles rarely racemose
or the corymbs or umbels simple, axillary or terminal. Calyx
usually glandular, the sepals ovate-lanceolate. Petals glabrous or
sericeous, often crisp margined, entire or dentate, the fifth rarely
fimbriate. Stamens 10, all fertile, often subequal, the filaments more
or less connate, the subequal styles straight or curved. Lateral
samara wings usually parted into 4 and forming an "X," rarely
2-parted, about equal or the lower pair (rarely the upper) smaller,
the dorsal and intermediate crests developed variously. — Cavanilles
800 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
wrote the name Tetrapteris; except for convenience the group would
probably be a section of Triopteris; cf. T. crispa subsp. pseudo-
triopterys, and only the fruit distinguishes it from Mascagnia anc
Hiraea.
Leaves obviously tomentose or sericeous beneath even when mature
umbels (sometimes irregular) in panicles bracted by graduallj
reduced leaves and bracts.
Stipules inconspicuous, 1-4 mm. long, or lacking; petioles or leaves
or both, glandular.
Leaves more than half as wide as long; intermediate crest*
several, unequal; lateral wings 1.5-2 cm. long.
T. phlomoides var. crotonifolia
Leaves about one half as wide as long or narrower; intermediatt
crests none or one or sometimes several or lacerate; latera
wings 1-1.5(2) cm. long T. Jamesonii et vars
Stipules at least on younger branchlets, conspicuous, 5-7 mm. long
petioles as leaves eglandular T. stipulacea
Leaves soon glabrous or glabrate beneath or inflorescence clearlj
not leafy.
Umbellulate flowers bracted by more or less modified leaves
upper samara wings usually more than 2 cm. long; fruit as
other characters of next five species doubtfully constant.
Intermediate fruit crests present; flowers 12-17 mm. wide
styles nearly straight and equal; upper samara wings 2A
cm. long T. multiglandulosa, var., T. discolor
Intermediate fruit crests lacking or reduced or dorsal on(
prominent and entire (characters doubtful but traditional
the "species" unproved).
Styles somewhat curving, unequally thick; panicles terminal
flowers scarcely 1 cm. wide; upper samara wing 3.5
lower 1 cm. long T. magnifolia
Styles various but flowers usually wider in axillary as well a;
terminal inflorescences.
Styles about equally thick; flowers 13-18 mm. wide; uppei
samara wings often 2 cm. long T. acapulcensis
Styles slightly unequal or the anterior more slender; flowers
about 15 mm. wide; upper samara wings 2-3 cm. long
T. peruviana
FLORA OF PERU 801
Racemulose or corymbulose flowers not leafy bracted; upper
lateral samara wings often less than 1.5 cm. long.
Petals glabrous; lateral samara wings 3-4 mm. wide or in part
styliform or lobed or lacerate except T. mucronata.
Bracts several mm. long, firm or fleshy, conspicuous; stipules
petiolar but obscure; samara wings subequal, about 1 cm.
long or if longer unequal and in part lacerate.
T. styloptera, T. complicate/,.
Bracts or at least bractlets inconspicuous or minute, thin;
samara wings often longer than 1 cm. or connate at base
and denticulate.
Leaves soon glabrous; stipules interpetiolar; styles slender,
elongate, straight or nearly; anthers to 2 mm. long;
flowers 10-15 mm. wide T. mucronata.
Leaves sericeous beneath; stipules petiolar or obscure;
styles curved; anthers 1 mm. long; flowers 8-10 mm.
wide T. Poeppigiana.
Petals more or less sericeous; lateral samara wings 5-10 mm.
wide.
Leaves and bracts eglandular.
Petals cordate, subentire; styles pubescent; leaves usually
acute at base; samara wings glabrate . T. Guilleminiana.
Petals obovate, crenate; styles glabrous (?); leaves rounded
at base T. Juliani.
Leaves and bracts multiglandular; petals oval, crenulate;
styles glabrous; samara wings sericeous.
T. multiglandulosa.
Tetrapteris acapulcensis HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 168. 1822;
213. T. crispa [Rich.] Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. se>. 2. 13: 265. 1840.
T. crispa [Rich.] Juss. var. punicans Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 8:
L21. 1930.
Resembles T. magnifolia; branchlets and inflorescence peduncles
compressed, ashy sericeous, the reddish glabrate smooth branches
to 4 mm. thick; stipules ovate, 1.5-2 mm. long; petioles 8-13 mm.
long or longer; leaves ovate-elliptic or lanceolate-ovate, obtuse to
somewhat cordate at base, more or less acuminate, to 1.5 dm. long,
1 dm. wide or larger, adult glabrate both sides or beneath on the
5-6 prominent nerves sericeous, minutely glandular on margins;
flowering peduncles and pedicels 3-5 mm. long, bracts and bractlets
802 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
1.5 mm. long; flowers 13 to nearly 18 mm. wide, sepals ovate, limb
of petals 5-7 mm. long; anthers 1.3 mm. long; upper samara wings
typically obliquely obovate-oblong, to 3 cm. long, 1 cm. wide, the
about oval lower ones 1 cm. long, 4-5 mm. wide, the dorsal scarcely
0.5 mm. (Poeppig 1892) or usually about 3 mm. wide. — The mono-
grapher distinguished several variants, notably ovata Ndz. and sub-
cordata Ndz., chiefly sorted on shape of leaves; also Kunthiana Ndz.
and pseudotriopterys Ndz., the former like subcordata but petioles
2-3 mm. long, leaves lustrous, to 6 cm. long, half as wide, the latter
like subcordata but the lower wings reduced to a lobe scarcely 3 mm.
long, 2 mm. wide, thus simulating the genus Triopterys and possibly
better treated as T. Triopteris Macbr. I.e. Illustrated, Pflanzenreich,
I.e. page 13 (fruit) and page 202 (styles). F.M. Negs. 35597 (T.
crispa); 24279 (var.); 24277 (var.).
Huanuco: Near mission Tocache, Poeppig 1892. Pozuzo, Ruiz
& Pavdn. Muna, 3904 (type, var. punicans). Above Muna, 1,700
meters, Weberbauer 6711. Without locality, Poeppig(1} 3123, Herb.
DeCandolle, var. pseudotriopterys. — Loreto: Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke
186 (det. Morton). Yurimaguas, Williams 4300. The R. & P.
collection is the "B. papilioniea" of their journal. Bolivia to southern
Mexico.
Tetrapteris complicata Miq. Nat. Stirp. Surin. Sel. 82. 1850;
181. T. squarrosa Griseb. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 12, pt. 1: 87. pi. 16. 1858.
More or less shrubby liana soon glabrous or glabrescent except
for some sericeous trichomes on the ovate-lanceolate leaves beneath
and the often many-flowered racemes including the incurved thick-
glandular sepals; petioles 4-6 mm. long, the stipules minute or want-
ing; leaves mostly rounded at base, usually obtusely acuminate,
described as 1-1.5 dm. long, about 5 cm. wide, but in Peru 6-7 cm.
long, 3-4 cm. wide, lustrous above, chartaceous or coriaceous, the
5-7 primary nerves little prominent; racemes sometimes a dm. long,
pedicels 12 mm. long with fleshy bracts and bractlets, the former
ovate-lanceolate, 2-3 mm. long, basal, the latter larger, elliptic, at
or below the middle, one with a large gland; flowers about 12 mm.
wide; petals glabrous, 4-6 mm. long, filaments sericeous, anthers
linear-oblong or narrowly elliptic, about 1.5 mm. long, minutely
puberulous at least in one Peruvian specimen; styles nearly straight,
glabrous; samara subglabrous, the scarcely unequal wings barely
if at all sinuate, rarely 12 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, the dorsal crest
1-3 mm. high, to 5 mm. long. — The name of Miquel has been referred
FLORA OF PERU 803
by both Pulle and Kostermans to the species of Grisebach without
question; Niedenzu however has queried its identity. The Peruvian
plant may not be typical; compare T. styloptera. Related forms
that may be expected include T. maranhamensis Juss., 179, with
narrower bracts, larger flowers, erect sepals, lacerated dorsal crest;
the more distinctive T. acutifolia Cav., 189, of the Amazonian
region has corymbiform racemes or panicles and strongly recurved
sepals. Illustrated, Fl. Bras. I.e. F.M. Negs. 24283; 32411.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Ule 6349; Williams 5430; 5627; 5638;
6294; 6731. Colombia to the Guianas; Brazil.
Tetrapteris discolor (G. F. W. Meyer) DC. Prodr. 1: 587.
1824; 205. Triopteris discolor G. F. W. Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq.
182. 1818. T. ovalifolia Griseb. Linnaea 13: 237. 1839.
Soon glabrous, the more or less tuberculate lenticellate branches
slender, or 3-4 mm. thick, the internodes 1-10 cm. long; petioles
plane or canaliculate above, to 18 mm. long, the stipules 1-2 mm.
long; leaves obtuse or rounded at base, often oblong or somewhat
obovate acute or mostly rather long-acuminate, to 13 cm. long, 5 cm.
wide, or wider, typically glabrous both sides unless puberulent on
the 6-8 primary nerves beneath (apparently sometimes lanuginose),
the impressed glands obscure; umbels solitary in the axils or as many
as 9 disposed in short corymbiform panicles, rarely as long as 2.5 dm. ;
pedicels 3-6 mm. long; bractlets semiorbicular; flowers 12.5 mm.
broad, the erect sepals somewhat recurved at tips, 3-4 mm. long,
the spreading petals sagittate from base, oval, subentire or denticu-
late, 4-5 mm. long with claw 1.5-2 mm. long; anthers obovoid;
styles rather short, typically stout, equal or unequal, little divergent
or spreading; samara sericeous, especially the globose nut, this
5 mm. across, the samara wings typically obovate (in one var.
oblong), 15-18 mm. and 6-10 mm. long, 8-10 mm. and 6-8 mm.
wide or narrower, suborbicular dorsal wings 4 mm. long, obovate
or linear, intermediate 2-8 mm. long. — Variable. Illustrated,
Pflanzenreich, I.e. page 202, fruit. F.M. Negs. 12743 (T. ovalifolia);
32410 (var.).
Junin: La Merced or region, Killip & Smith 25243 (det. T. crispa) ;
also 23741. — San Martin: Zepelacio, Klug 3295 (det. Standley).—
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 111; 371 (these aberrant). Above Rancho
Indiana, canary yellow flowers, Mexia 6410 (det. Standley). Near
Yurimaguas, Klug 2773 (det. Standley); Williams 3811; Killip &
Smith 29086; Williams 4212; Killip & Smith 28936 (det. T. crispa);
804 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Poeppig 2469 (type, T. ovalifolia). Mouth of the Rio Santiago
(Tessmann 4268, det. Niedenzu, T. ovalifolia). Bolivia to Central
America, Trinidad and the West Indies.
Tetrapteris Guilleminiana Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. se>. 2. 13:
263. 1840; 187.
With the ample panicles of the related T. Poeppigiana and in
general rather similar; stipules sometimes obvious above the petiole
base, the petioles 6-9 mm. long, usually medially glanduliferous;
leaves elliptic-ovate to obovate or even oblong, acute or rarely obtuse
at base, to 1 dm. long, nearly half as wide, glabrate and somewhat
lustrous both sides except more or less (or scarcely) persistently
sericeous beneath on or near the basal nerves, the 6-8 primary
prominent, the reticulation rather so, eglandular; floriferous pe-
duncles mostly none; linear bracts 2-4 mm. long; pedicels 7-9 mm.
long, the oval rotund spreading bracts to 2 mm. long; sepals densely
sericeous, glandular; petals in type only slightly sericeous, cordate
roundish, 3-4 mm. long; stamens and styles more or less pubescent
at base; samara glabrate except the 4-5 mm. broad nut, the lateral
wings obovate to 11 mm. long, 8 mm. wide, subentire or sinuate,
the lower often much smaller, the intermediate crests more or less
continuous, sometimes to 6 mm. long. — Illustrated, Pflanzenreich,
l.c. page 171 (fruit). F.M. Neg. 35602.
Loreto: Yurimaguas, (Tessmann 5515). — Rio Acre: Seringal San
Francisco, Ule 9474. Brazil.
Tetrapteris Jamesonii Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 31: 394.
1858; 216.
Among Peruvian species with umbellulate flowers marked by the
combination of persistent pubescence on the leaves beneath and
rather small flowers, these only 13 mm. broad; glabrate branches
densely lenticellate; stipules deciduous, annulate-lanceolate-glandu-
late, scarcely 1 mm. long; petioles 2-9 mm. long; leaves ovate or
obovate, obtuse, acute or subcordate at base, obtuse or shortly and
obtusely acuminate at apex, to 11 cm. long, 6.5 cm. wide, revolute,
membranous-chartaceous, finally glabrate, lucid and smooth above,
softly tomentose-sericeous beneath, the 4-6 primary nerves promi-
nent, reticulate, and with many glands on the margins below; upper
leaves gradually reduced, rounded and retuse; umbels panicled, the
slender flowering peduncles 2-4 mm. long, pedicels 3-5 mm. long,
ovate or lanceolate bracts and bractlets 1.5-2 mm. and 0.5-1 mm.
FLORA OF PERU 805
long; spreading obovate petal limb 5 mm. long, thick somewhat
recurved claw 2 mm. long; anthers oblong-oval, connective oblong;
styles unequal; nut globose, densely sericeous, wings puberulent,
the 2 upper semiovate, to 17 mm. long, 7 mm. wide, the lower ovate,
7 mm. long, dorsal to 5 mm. wide. — The Williams plant with several
intermediate crests and narrower lateral wings, the umbels irregular,
designated in herb, by Morton, probably new, may be named var.
Mortonii Macbr., var. nov., alae laterales oblongae, 2 superiores
13 mm. longae, 5 mm. latae, 2 inferiores 5 mm. longae, 3 mm. latae,
dorsalis circa 5 mm. longae utrinque 3-4 intermediae 2-3 mm.
longae. Illustrated, Pflanzenreich, I.e. page 202 (as T. crotonifolia
Benth.). F.M. Neg. 24280 (var.).
San Martin: San Roque, Williams 7387; 7680 (type, var.
Mortonii). — Cuzco: San Miguel, Urubamba Valley, Cook & Gilbert
1029 (det. Morton). Ecuador; Colombia.
Tetrapteris Julian! Macbr., sp. nov.
Liana; ramulis teretibus petiolis canaliculatis pedunculisque com-
pressis dense adpresseque fulvo-sericeis; petiolis 10-12 mm. longis;
foliis ellipticis basi late rotundatis apice abrupte breviterque acute
acuminatis plerumque 1.5 dm. longis, 7 cm. latis, chartaceis, supra
nitidis, glabris, conspicue reticulato-venosis, subtus sparse adpresse-
que strigosis, nervis venisque prominentibus; floribus congestis,
pedicellis vix 4 mm. longis; bracteis oblongo-obovatis circa 5 mm.
longis, 3 mm. latis; sepalis oblongis glandulas 8; petalis flavis extus
dense sericeis subobovatis minute crenulatis circa 7 mm. longis, 4 mm.
latis; styli glabri. — In aspect, largely because of the small rounded
bracts, this liana reminds one of T. complicates but with sericeous
petals and no fruits its position has not been discovered. If it is
new it may fittingly record the contribution my friend Julian Steyer-
mark has made toward the completion of this work by his intelligent
selection of the Museum's Peruvian collections for me. Here, since
the specimen is better, I designate the one at the National Museum
as the type.
Loreto: Mishuyacu near Iquitos, Klug 347 (type, U. S. Nat.
Herb.); also Klug 894.
Tetrapteris magnifolia Ruiz ex. Griseb. Linnaea 22: 22. 1849;
213. T. calophylla Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2. 13: 264. 1840, at
least as to Peru. T. calophylla Juss. var. glabrior Benth. ex. Ndz.
Verz. Vorles. Lye. Brunsb. W.-S. 47. 1909. T. calophylla Juss. var.
806 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
glabrifolia Griseb. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 12, pt. 1 : 77. 1858. T. glabri-
folia (Griseb.) Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 126. 1910.
Younger parts minutely and appressed pruinose-sericeous with
ashy or golden indument, the sparsely lenticellate 4 mm. thick
branchlets soon glabrate as the large leaves, at least above; petioles
to 7 mm. long, sericeous, canaliculate above, the promptly caducous
stipules connate semiorbicular and entirely membranous or with a
dorsal subulate callus 1.5 mm. long; leaves roundish to ovate-oblong,
obtuse or rounded at base, rather obtusely acuminate, to 3 dm.
long, and 13 cm. wide or wider, marginally little revolute, charta-
ceous, lustrous above, the 6-9 primary nerves prominent above,
the reticulation rather conspicuous both sides; lower floral leaves
oval to 2.5 cm. long, the upper orbicular, to 1.5 cm. long; umbels
4-flowered, disposed in ample panicles 2-3 times composite, the
upper umbel peduncles 3-5 mm. long, the floriferous peduncles
4-6 mm. long, the pedicels 3^4 mm. long, ovate bracts more than
1 mm. long, orbicular bractlets scarcely 1 mm. long; flowers hardly
wider than 1 cm., the broad glabrous sepals glandular, the limb of
the petals subentire, sagittate at base, obovate, 4-5 mm. long, claw
to 2 mm. long; anthers only 1 mm. long; styles essentially but not
quite straight, the two posterior ones twice as thick as the anterior;
samara densely pruinose-sericeous, nut spheroid, 2-4 mm. thick,
lateral wings fleshy rigid coriaceous, the upper two oval, 2(3.5) cm.
long, over 13 mm. wide, the broader lower oblong-suborbicular to
1 cm. wide, the dorsal crest one. — T. nitida Juss., 212, to be expected
from Colombia or Brazil, has spiculate-tuberculate branches, stipules
distinct, styles equal. It is possibly a variant of T. calophylla.
F.M. Neg. 12736.
Hudnuco: Chicoplaya, Ruiz & Pavdn, type. — Amazonas: Cha-
chapoyas, Mathew 3123. — Loreto: Yarina Cocha, Middle Ucayali,
(Tessmann 5446). Rio Putumayo, Peru-Colombia Boundary, Klug
1654 (det. Morton); Poeppig 2820 (fide Griseb.). Mishuyacu,
Klug 841 (det. Morton).— Rio Acre: Sermgal Auristella, Ule 9489
(det. Niedenzu, T. ovalifolia). — San Martin: Zepelacio, Klug 3255?
(det. Standley, T. nitida}. Amazonian Brazil.
Tetrapteris mucronata Cav. Diss. 9: 434. pi. 262. 1790; 198.
T. crebriflora Juss. in St. Hil. Fl. Bras. 3: 9. 1832; 197.
Appressed orange-reddish sericeous pubescence of the young
parts soon deciduous or becoming obscure, the terete branchlets
smooth, green or olivaceous, the third year branches grayish, about
FLORA OF PERU 807
' mm. thick; petioles canaliculate above, 7-15 mm. long, the inter-
•etiolar triangular stipules minute; leaves oblong, oval or oblanceo-
ate, acute at base, rather obtusely acuminate, to 15 cm. long, 5.5
m. wide, re volute margined, chartaceous to coriaceous, soon glabrate
tnd lustrous both sides, the 8-10 primary nerves prominent beneath,
he subparallel secondary approximate, densely reticulate and with
ome glanduliform spots; umbels 4 (-6) -flowered in axillary panicles
ypically one-third to one-half as long as subtending leaves, the
>eduncles obsolete to 4 mm. long, the bracts rather ovate, small,
>edicels 6-15 mm. long, bractlets scarcely 1 mm. long; flowers 10-15
am. broad, yellow, the ovate sepals glandular or eglandular, the
imb of the glabrous petals typically elliptic-orbicular, subentire,
i-8 (fifth one 5) mm. long; stamens more or less unequal, the oblong
inthers 2 mm. long; styles slender, equal to unequal, curved to
traight; samara glabrate, nut subglobose 4 mm. across, the entire
ateral wings about oblong, the two upper 18-26 mm. long, 7-10 mm.
vide, the two lower to 12 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, dorsal crests nearly
I cm. long, often 1-dentate, the intermediate wings none to 3, oval,
L-3 mm. long, often 1-2-aculeate. — The Ule plant is var. crebriflora
Juss.) Macbr., comb. nov. (T. crebriflora Juss. I.e. and var. dubia
jriseb. Vid. Medd. Kjoeb. 142. 1875), the panicles at least as long
is the subtending leaves, petals narrower, upper samara wings oval,
L cm. wide. F.M. Negs. 37466; 35596 (var.).
Rio Acre: Seringal Auristella, Ule 9475. San Martin: Juanjui,
Klug 4241 (det. Morton). Brazil; Guiana.
Tetrapteris multiglandulosa Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. se>. 2. 13:
264. 1840; 190.
Liana, the younger parts including the often ample inflorescence
iensely subsericeous tomentose with yellow-orange serpentine slender
irichomes; branchlets subterete, the glabrate reddish branches smooth
Dr lenticellate, to about 5 mm. thick; petioles stout, puberulent,
5-10 mm. long, with minute spiculiform stipules above the base and
2-4 large patelliform glands on the upper part; leaves oval or oblong
to ovate or obovate, obtuse at base, more or less acutely acuminate
Dr sometimes obtusish and apiculate, to 11 cm. long, 5 cm. wide,
the revolute margins especially the lower portion typically with
many large stiped glands, early sericeous tomentose both sides, in
age glabrate, smooth, lustrous and plane above, more or less puberu-
lent beneath, the 6-8 primary nerves prominent, the reticulation
rather so; racemules 2-10-flowered, typically linear bracts 3-5 mm.
808 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
long, flowering peduncles to 2 mm. long, pedicels 5-10 mm. long,
flowering bracts linear to ovate and acute, to 4 mm. long, the bract-
lets rotund, 1-1.5 mm. long; flowers about 12 mm. broad, sepals
and petals sericeous, the former glandular, the latter crenulate with
oval limb 4-5 mm. long; anthers and style glabrous; samara sericeous
including the 3-3.5 mm. wide nut, the oblong to obovate lateral
wings repand at tip, to 12.5 mm. long, 5-10 mm. wide, the dorsal
2-3 mm. wide, the intermediate more or less continuous and irregular
to 2 mm. or even 6 mm. high. — The Peruvian form is var. peruviana
Ndz., the leaves long- and acutely acuminate, the racemes with
many glandular petiolate leaf-like bracts 7-20 mm. long. In all
probability this variety will prove, when recollected and in flower,
to be T. discolor. F.M. Negs. 24281; 12739.
Puno: Woods in the valley of the Sandia, Tambo Azalaya,
1,500 meters, (Weberbauer 1125, var.); 279. Bolivia; Brazil.
Tetrapteris peruviana Morton, sp. nov. in herb. T. discolor
var. andina Ndz. I.e. 206; probably, at least as to Peru.
Liana T. acapukensis similis sed foliis rotundato-ellipticis pler-
umque circa 10(15) cm. longis, 6-8 cm. latis, subabrupte apiculatis
supra nitidis; stylus anticus posticis plus minusve gracilior paullo
longior; alae superiores suboblongae 2-3 cm. longae, 5-7 mm. latae,
inferiores 9-12 mm. longae, 3-5 mm. latae, dorsalis vix 1 mm. lata. —
Rather intangible in character but perhaps as distinctive as its
apparent relatives and seemingly intermediate to T. discolor and
T. acapukensis. F.M. Neg. 12727 (T. discolor var. andina, in part).
San Martin: Lamas, Williams 6422. Tarapoto, Ule 6348 (T. dis-
color var. andina, in part). San Roque, Williams 7023. Pongo de
Cainarachi, Klug 2636 (det. Standley, T. discolor}. Zepelacio,
Klug 3662, type (det. Standley, T. discolor). — Loreto: Pumayacu,
Klug 3154 (det. Standley, T. acapukensis). Caballo-Cocha, Williams
2134 (det. Macbride, T. Poeppigiana).
Tetrapteris phlomoides (Spreng.) Ndz. Pflanzenreich IV. 141:
208. 1928. Byrsonima phlomoides (Spreng.) G. Don, Gen. Syst. 1:
636. 1831. Malpighia phlomoides Spreng. Syst. 2: 385. 1825. T.
rotundifolia Juss. in St. Hil. Fl. Bras. 3: 6. 1832. T. crotonifolia
Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. se>. 2. 13: 264. 1840. Banisteria cordata Veil.
Fl. Flum. Text 191 (earlier name? 1825).
With the general character of the related T. discolor but at once
distinct by the velvety tomentum that persists at least beneath
FLORA OF PERU 809
on the adult leaves and the gradually reduced floral leaves; upper
branches to 7 mm. thick; petioles stout, 1-3 cm. long, with 2-4
more or less stiped glands below the apex; stipules free, ovate-
lanceolate, 1-4 mm. long; leaves rotund or broadly obovate, obtuse
to subcordate at base, obtuse or minutely and obtusely acuminate
to 1 dm. long, 8 cm. wide, margins strongly revolute and glandular,
upper surface more or less scabrous or glabrate, coriaceous-charta-
ceous, subulate, both 7-9 primary and the many secondary nerves
impressed above, prominent beneath; uppermost floral leaves with
petioles only about 5 mm. long; peduncles at articulation bifoliolate
or bibracteolate, all often terete, 2-3 mm. long, the pedicels twice
as long, bracts and bractlets round or ovate, 1-2 mm. long; flowers
17-20 mm. broad, the oval-rotund sepals glandular, the rather
orange petals with more or less orbicular lacerate-dentate (?)blades,
5-7 mm. long, cylindric claws fully half as long; anthers oval, 1.5-2
mm. long, somewhat pubescent; styles equal or nearly straight or
little curved, simply truncate; samara velutinous, the semiglobose
nut 4 mm. across, the lateral wings obovate or oblong, the upper
15-nearly 23 mm. long, 7-10 mm. wide, the lower 8-10 mm. long,
about 3 mm. wide; broad dorsal wings 3 mm. high, the intermediate
deeply lacerate. — The Peruvian plant is var. crotonifolia (Juss.)
Ndz., the leaves about 7 cm. long, 6 cm. wide, peduncles often com-
planate, leaves glabrate and lustrous above, anthers at base pilose.
Illustrated, Pflanzenreich, I.e. page 202 (but petals not lacerate!).
F.M. Negs. 12745; 35598; 35611 (T. rotundifolia).
San Martin: Tarapoto, (Mathews 1461, type, var. Herb. Hook.).
Brazil.
Tetrapteris Poeppigiana (Juss.) Griseb. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 12,
pt. 1: 87. 1858; 183. Hiraea Poeppigiana Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. se>.
2. 13: 260. 1840.
Scandent, the compressed branchlets sericeous, the glabrate
terete branches lenticellate, 3-4 mm. thick; petioles nearly terete,
7-13 mm. long with 2 large orbicular glands borne about medially;
stipules inconspicuous; leaves ovate or lanceolate, rounded or sub-
cordate at base, acutely acuminate (acumen to 3 cm. long), plane,
typically eglandular, chartaceous, glabrate above, appressed metallic
(in Peru silvery) pubescent beneath, to 23 cm. long, 8-11 cm. wide,
the 8-11 primary nerves prominent beneath, the more or less parallel
secondary densely areolate both sides; panicles very ample, 4 times
composite, the racemules or corymbs 2-8-flowered, the peduncles
810 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
to 1 mm. long, the pedicels 3-4 mm. long, the lanceolate-ovate bracts
and bractlets almost minute; flowers scarcely wider than 1 cm., the
lanceolate-oblong sepals often glandular, the limb of the glabrous
petals subrotund, 3-4 mm. long; stamens and styles little exserted,
the anthers glabrous, the styles lightly sigmoid, obtuse and rather
obliquely produced; samara densely sericeous, the nut globose, the
wings obovate, lacerate or bi-or tri-lobed, the lobes often lacerate,
2 of the lateral often more or less continuous at base or often connate
into one that is somewhat 4-lobed; dorsal crests semiorbicular, 1-2
mm. wide. — The Peruvian plant is variant glandulifera, I.e. page 184,
the leaves to 13 x 8 cm., shortly acuminate or obtusish with many
glands on the margins; flowers yellow-orange. Illustrated, Pflan-
zenreich, I.e. page 171 (raceme and fruit); Fl. Bras. I.e. (pi. 17).
F.M. Neg. 19347.
Rio Acre: Seringal Auristella, Ule 9483. Amazonian Brazil.
Tetrapteris stipulacea Macbr., sp. nov.
Ramulis, petiolis (ad 10 mm. longis, non glandulosis) pedunculis-
que inflorescentiorum densissime tomentosis; stipulis in rami con-
spicuis interpetiolaribus late ovatis obtusis circa 7 mm. longis fere
5 mm. latis, non connatis; foliis ellipticis vel late ovalis 10-17 cm.
longis, 6-10 cm. latis basi apiceque rotundatis apice minute apicu-
latis membranaceis supra nitidulis medio nervo excepto glabris
subtus plus minusve adpresse pilosis ut videtur non glandulosis et
demum glabratis; foliis floriferis similibus sed subsessilibus bracti-
formis utrinque pilosis margine valde repando-crenulatis; floribus
ignotis. — Notwithstanding the undeveloped state of the specimens,
the species — if a Tetrapteris — is apparently well marked by the
large stipules and thus may be given a name, as it would be recog-
nizable by this single character.
Loreto: Fortaleza near Yurimaguas, Klug 2789, type.
Tetrapteris styloptera Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. se>. 2. 13: 262.
1840; 178.
Glabrate branches lenticellate; petioles short, the minute stipules
deciduous; leaves glabrous except for some marginal glands near
base, ovate-lanceolate sometimes narrowed to an acumen, middle
nerve prominent beneath, 7-10 cm. long, 2.5-3.5 cm. wide; racemes
axillary, commonly geminate or ternate or forming sessile panicles
at base of branchlets, shorter, subequaling or little longer than the
leaves; common peduncles sericeous puberulent, the pedicels a little
FLORA OF PERU 811
longer than the floriferous peduncles, bracted at base, bibracteolate
at apex; larger bractlets longer than the pedicels, 4-glandular at
base; calyx segments narrowly ovate, hirsute and biglandular at
base; petals 3 times longer than calyx, scarcely clawed, obovate,
margin crisply denticulate; stamens scarcely exceeding the calyx,
filaments pubescent, anthers glabrous; ovary hirsute apically; young
samara glabrate, produced above in a crisped crest, lower wings
transversely oblong-cuneate, lacerulate on margin, the shorter upper
suberect, rigid terete and styliform. — Description after original,
plant not seen by Niedenzu, who, however, allied it to T. squarrosa,
i.e. T. complicata, as well as to his similar T. boliviensis, which may
be transitional, fide the author himself by way of his var. granatensis.
Illustrated, raceme and fruit, T. boliviensis, Ndz. I.e. page 171; also,
samara, Jussieu, Arch. Mus. Paris 3: pi. 18, this, however, probably
aberrant due to age or breakage and probably collections from the
type locality will prove the species to be the same as T. complicata
(T. squarrosa) and then the earlier name. P.M. Neg. 35613.
San Martin: Tarapoto, (Mathews 1464, type, Herb. Paris &
Hook.).
4. DIPLOPTERIS Juss.
Scandent shrubs characterized particularly by the valvate sepals,
these for known species spathulate, oblanceolate or oblong, tomen-
tulose at least without, the glands connate or free. Umbels 4-flowered
in panicles or corymbs, with large, usually oblongish bracts and
bractlets. Limb of petals about orbicular, usually cochleate, not
entire, more or less sericeous. Stamens unequal, styles more or less
sigmoid. Samaras tardily partly free from pyramidal torus and
with 5 or more scarcely developed to large longitudinal wings, vari-
ously winged, minutely or grossly, the wings ligneous to membranous,
more or less united or distinct, subentire or deeply dentate. — The
name from Greek refers to the double wings. The genus doesn't
seem to be natural as delineated by Niedenzu.
Inflorescence densely crowded, gray puberulent D. Uleana.
Inflorescence open; pubescence reddish-brown D. involuta.
Diplopteris involuta (Turcz.) Ndz. Pflanzenreich IV. 141 : 226.
1928. Stenocalyx involuta Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 31: 393.
1858. Tetrapteris(1} includens Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 7: 133.
1848(7). D. includens (Benth.) Ndz. l.c.(7).
812 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
A robust liana, the new parts including the ample paniculate
inflorescence rusty or coppery sericeous, the branchlets and pe-
duncles ancipitate; petioles finally glabrate, deeply canaliculate
above, to 2.5 cm. long; stipules minute, membranous, affixed to each
side of petiole base; leaves typically oblong or oblong-lanceolate,
acute or obtuse at base, acute or abruptly and shortly acuminate,
to about 23 cm. long, 7.5 cm. wide or much smaller, little if at all
revolute, coriaceous, eglandular, ashy puberulent becoming glabrate,
the 7 primary nerves prominent beneath, the secondary and tertiary
irregularly areolate; umbels many; bracts oblanceolate or spathu-
late-linear to 1 cm. long, the suborbicular-cymbiform bractlets
about 7.5 mm. wide, borne immediately under the subsessile flowers,
all sericeous both sides, the umbel-peduncles 2-5 mm. long, the
floriferous to nearly 15 mm. long; flowers 25-30 mm. wide, the
spathulate-linear sepals strongly reflexed before anthesis, 8-glandular,
sericeous both sides; petals spreading, yellow, silvery sericeous with-
out, the oval crisply dentate limb 14-18 mm. long, the smaller
suborbicular one long-ciliate; stamens unequal, the thick ones
pubescent, the anthers obovoid, lanate at base with gland-thickened
connectives; styles slender, sigmoid-recurved, 2 uncinate; ovary
lanate; samara except ovoid nut glabrate, the primary lateral wings
suborbicular, apically acutely incised to nut, sinuate, 6-8 cm. broad,
the dorsal semiorbicular to 2.5 cm. long, the intermediate on both
sides simple or in 1-2 series both directions, the ventral surface also
with lateral winglets connate into a lacerate one. — Var. ovata Ndz.
I.e. page 227, ovate leaves shortly and abruptly acuminate to 15 cm.
long, 9 cm. wide, may be T. includens Benth., fide Niedenzu. Illus-
trated, Pflanzenreich, I.e. page 235 (flowers and fruit). F.M. Neg.
12715.
Loreto: Mouth of the Santiago, Tessmann 4564. San Antonio,
flood-free woods, Tessmann 4931 (both the var.). Brazil; Venezuela;
Cayenne?
Diplopteris Uleana Ndz. Arb. Bot. Inst. Lye. Brunsb. 4: 18.
1912; 227.
Liana, the canaliculate branchlets at first sericeous, finally gla-
brate, the prominent leaf nerves all parallel and regularly areolate;
petioles sericeous, eglandular, to 4 cm. long; stipules minute, affixed
to petiole at base, membranous as the leaves, these oval, ovate or
obovate, more or less obtuse at base, acutely and rather abruptly
acuminate, to 2 dm. long, 12.5 cm. wide, with 6 (or fewer) orbicular
FLORA OF PERU 813
black glands beneath 1 cm. distant from the erevolute margins;
dichasia to 1 dm. long in bracted axillary panicles, peduncles densely
velutinous with 2-forked trichomes, 2.5 cm. long, acuminate bracts
and obtuse bractlets roseate, about 1 cm. long, contracted at base
into short petiole; flowers 13 mm. wide, the sepals velutinous both
sides, linear-oblong, the glands more or less connate with them;
petals including the 3 (-5) mm. long claw velutinous without, the
ovate subentire limb 3 (-5) mm. long; stamens unequal, anther con-
nective slender; styles more or less sigmoid; samara golden sericeous
(sparsely and gray in herb.), the 2 lateral wings confluent at base
into 1, to 9.5 cm. wide, 4 cm. high, repand or sinuate, the 3 dorsal
semiorbicular, a few mm. to 2.5 cm. high; seed ovoid, nearly 1 cm.
long.— F.M. Negs. 12718; 23018 (fruiting).
San Martin: Tarapoto, Sprute 4647; 4950, part; Williams 6603.
Pongo de Cainarachi, Ule 6347. — Loreto: Mouth of the Santiago,
flood-free woods, Tessmann 4611.
5. HETEROPTERIS HBK.
Lianas, rarely erect shrubs with usually petioled, often glandular
opposite leaves, inconspicuous stipules, the racemose or corymbose
small flowers mostly disposed in panicles, the pedicels equaling,
rarely exceeding, the peduncles, the fruit samaroid with the lower
margin of the dorsal wing thickened, the upper edge thin. Sepals
usually biglandular and eglandular in the same species. Petals
often entire, always as the 10 stamens glabrous, these usually sub-
equal, all fertile monadelphous at base, the anthers unappendaged.
Styles free, obtuse, rounded dorsally or acute or uncinate. Cotyle-
dons little unequal. — The name from the Greek means appropriately
"diverse wing," and has been conserved.
Flowers not yellow; leaves oval, rounded or apiculate at apex, coarse-
ly reticulate-veined; sepals flat.
Leaves conspicuously pilose beneath H. Beecheyana.
Leaves soon glabrate beneath H. cristata.
Flowers yellow or yellowish; leaves never entirely as above.
Sepals plane; leaves pubescent beneath or, if glabrate in age, the
petioles slender and elongating.
Leaves broader than 2.5 cm., never narrowly oblong or narrowly
oblanceolate.
814 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Petioles 1.5-4 cm. long; leaf pubescence closely appressed or
lacking.
Petals crenulate; petioles biglandular H. transiens.
Petals entire except 1; petioles eglandular. . . . H. anomala.
Petioles 3-10 mm. long; leaf pubescence loose or sericeous.
Leaves often serially glandular, sericeous. . H. macrostachya.
Leaves biglandular, tomentose H. tomentosa.
Leaves at most 2.5 cm. wide, oblong or oblanceolate.
H . catingarum.
Sepals soon more or less revolute or recurving; leaves often gla-
brous, the petioles usually short and stout, 4-9 mm. long or
rarely some about 15 mm. long; species at least in Peru ob-
scurely defined.
Anthers subspheroid, the dark connective glabrous.
Pedicels often scarcely 2 (rarely -4) mm. long H. nervosa.
Pedicels 3-6 mm. long H. orinocensis.
Anthers oval, bicolor, the yellow upper part typically piliferous.
H. grandiflora.
Heteropteris anomala Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. sfr. 2. 13: 273.
1840; 357.
Liana with the young branchlets, peduncles and new leaves
ferrugineous-sericeous with lustrous trichomes, the grayish branches
terete and tuberculate-lenticellate; petioles glabrate, slender, to
4 cm. long, more or less curving; leaves broadly ovate or subrotund
to obovate, obtuse or rounded to somewhat cordate at base, long-
acuminate or apiculate, rounded or even deeply emarginate apically,
to 18 cm. long, 13 cm. wide, glabrate in age (typically), chartaceo-
coriaceous, smooth and dull above, sublucid beneath, the 8 primary
nerves prominent, the secondary reticulate, both, as the revolute
margins, minutely or obsoletely glandular or ciliate; umbels sessile,
the terminal panicles ample, elongate; subulate bracts to 6 mm. long,
pedicels 8 mm. long, involucrate bracts and bractlets semiorbicular,
1 mm. long; flowers yellow, 15 mm. broad; sepals straight, rotund-
ovate, carinate, eglandular or glandular, scarcely 3 mm. long; petals
spreading, deeply cochleariform, the fifth denticulate, 4-5.5 mm.
long with claw 3-3.5 mm. long; anthers oblong, 1.5-2 mm. long;
styles produced apically; samara unknown. — The Peru plant is
var. aurea Ndz., leaves golden sericeous beneath, retuse; the allied
H. argyrophaea Juss., 355, of Ecuador and Brazil, has smaller
FLORA OF PERU 815
permanently sericeous (beneath) leaves on short petioles biglandular
at base, smaller flowers with denticulate petals, shorter anthers.
Illustrated, Pflanzenreich, I.e. page 347. F.M. Negs. 24257; 12755
(var.).
San Martin: Juan Guerra, Williams 6850. Tarapoto, Williams
5456. Juanjui, Klug 4328 (? young). — Loreto: Flood-free woods at
the mouth of the Santiago, Tessmann 4511; also at Puerto Mele"ndez
below Pongo de Manseriche, 4785. Near Iquitos, Killip & Smith
26918. On the Huallaga, Williams 6525; 6818. Brazil.
Heteropteris Beecheyana Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. se>. 2. 13: 278.
1840; 308. Banisteria tomentosa Schlecht. Linnaea 10: 244. 1836,
not H. tomentosa Juss., 1832. H. tomentosa Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beechey Voy. 281. 1836. B. Beecheyana (Juss.) C. B. Robins.
N. Amer. Fl. 25: 134. 1910.
Small liana, the terete divaricate branchlets somewhat rusty
tomentose and whitish tuberculate-lenticellate as the glabrate
branches; petioles 3-9 mm. long, typically eglandular; leaves ovate,
oval or obovate, obtuse or subcordate at base, sometimes obliquely,
obtuse or retuse and mucronate apically, typically to 7 cm. long,
4 cm. wide, marginally revolute, chartaceous, early both sides and
in age beneath lutescently tomentose, often rugose, the nerves
impressed above, prominently reticulate and with 2-6 black glands
above the base below; umbels 4-6-flowered rusty tomentose in
terminal and axillary leafy panicles, the umbel peduncles 3-15 mm.
long, the canaliculate floral 4-6 mm. long, the pedicels 2-4 mm. long,
bracts and bractlets ovate, 1-2 mm. long; flowers 10-12 mm. across,
the oval carinate straight sepals 6-10-glandular; petals reddish,
entire, medially carinate, the limb 4 mm. long, the shorter fifth one
glandular-ciliate, 7 filaments about one fourth connate; styles com-
pressed dorsally and ventrally; samara nut with 1-3 dentate lateral
crests, the dorsal wing obliquely obovate, 2-2.5 cm. long, 10-14 mm.
wide. — The Peruvian variant is andina Ndz., the oblong leaves to
7.5 cm. long, 3.5 cm. wide, petioles 1-1.25 cm. long with 1 sessile
or rarely stiped gland below the apex. It is Banisteria glandulosa
Ruiz mss. fide Griseb. Linnaea 22: 21. 1849, including B. rubiginosa
Juss., 223 (477), fide Griseb. I.e.— Illustrated, Pflanzenreich, I.e.
page 308. F.M. Neg. 24259.
Junin: Palca, Ruiz & Pavdn. Bolivia to Mexico and Venezuela.
Heteropteris catingarum Juss. Arch. Mus. Paris 3: 443. 1843;
352.
t
816 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Said to be a small tree, the inflorescence branches and newer
parts reddish tomentulose, the ashy rugulose branches with a few
concolored lenticellae; petioles tomentose, 5-14 mm. long; leaves
oblong or oblanceolate, acute or cuneate at base, obtuse, rounded or
emarginate at apex, 1.5-5.5 cm. long, 5-25 mm. wide, the subcrenate
margins strongly revolute, the adult glabrate, chartaceous, dull and
smooth above, golden or ashy tomentose beneath unless the promi-
nent midnerve; umbels usually 4-flowered, often with 2 additional
flowers a little distant, or corymbs 6-flowered, borne in simple
panicles, the umbel peduncles to 3 mm. long, floriferous obsolete,
pedicels 5-7 mm. long, lanceolate-linear umbel bracts 3-4 mm. long,
the floriferous bracts and bractlets ovate, acute, 1.25 mm. long;
flowers yellow, 1 cm. wide, the sepals typically eglandular, ovate,
2.5 mm. long, the curved cochleate-obovate petals entire, 3-3.5 mm.
long with claw 2-2.5 mm. long; anthers oval, glabrous, 1 mm. long
on unequally thick filaments; styles arcuate, acute dorsally at tip;
samara unknown. — The Biies specimen might prove to be the related
H. transiens; cf. also H. macrostachya and remark. Also to be
expected is the similar H. pauciflora, Juss., page 351, known now
from Colombia, Brazil and Argentina; it has thinner, more lanceolate,
mostly acuminate leaves and nearly straight styles rounded dorsally
at tip. F.M. Neg. 21335.
Cuzco: Valle de Santa Ana, Rosalina, 650 meters, (Bues). Brazil
(Bahia).
Heteropteris cristata Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 7: 131. 1848;
315.
Liana with branches roughened by the tuberculiform lenticels,
the branchlets and more or less leafy inflorescences reddish pubescent,
soon glabrate; petioles to 1 cm. long typically biglandular at base;
leaves ovate from rounded base, somewhat obliquely acute or obtusely
acuminate, to about 13 cm. long, nearly half as wide, chartaceous-
coriaceous, the adult finally glabrate (or glabrous in Peru), concolor,
prominently nerved and reticulately veined in the type with a series
of glands a distance from the nearly plane margins; corymbs 8-
flowered, the terminal subsessile, the lateral with 1 cm. long peduncles
bibracteolate below the apex, the pedicels enlarged, the bracts and
bractlets 1-2 mm. long; flowers 12 mm. broad with ovate apically
rounded glandular sepals and all 5 roseate petals winged-carinate
(this carination nearly 2 mm. high); anthers ovoid at least 1.5 mm.
long; samara glabrate with oblong-falcate wing about 2.5 cm. long
FLORA OF PERU 817
and lateral irregularly lobed crests 2-4 mm. high. — The Peruvian
collection does not seem ex char, to be typical but the species is
probably variable enough to include it; indeed an earlier name,
sens lat., may be H. rufula Juss., 314, the petal carination half as
high, the samaras puberulent with lacerate-dentate lateral crests.
Illustrated (flower), Pflanzenreich, I.e. page 308. F.M. Neg. 12762.
Loreto: Florida, Rio Putumayo at mouth of Rio Zubineta, Klug
2153 (det. Morton). Brazil to British Guiana; Colombia. "Aiquio"
(Huitoto).
Heteropteris grandiflora Juss. Arch. Mus. Paris 3: 461. 1843;
364.
Allied and apparently very similar to H. orinocensis; leaves oval,
oboyate or oblong, to 11 cm. long, 5.5 cm. wide; racemes in axillary
and terminal, the latter rather ample, panicles; bracts and bractlets
2-2.5 mm. long; petals orbicular, 4 or 5-7 mm. long; anthers oval,
the lower portion of the dark connective glabrous, the upper yellowish
piliferous; styles acutely angled at tips, rarely rotund or shortly
uncinate; samara wing little ascending, semiobovate, more than 2.5
cm. long, more than 1 cm. wide, the upper margin produced into
an appendage 6 mm. long, 2 mm. high. — F.M. Neg. 24262.
Loreto: Inundated areas at Itaya, (Tessmann 5135}. Brazil.
Heteropteris macrostachya Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. se>. 2. 13:
275. 1840; 342.
Scandent, the complanate branchlets reddish-sericeous, the
branches finally glabrate, often striate and lenticellate; petioles
scarcely exceeding 1 cm. long, biglandular medially; leaves ovate, ob-
longish or obovate, obtuse or rounded to somewhat cordate at base,
acuminate or apiculate, to 2 dm. long, about half as wide, typically
coriaceous, glabrate and lustrous above, brownish-metallic sericeous
beneath and serially glandular parallel to the margins where ob-
solete; 2-4-flowered umbels closely disposed in elongate leafy panicles,
the peduncles and pedicels 3-4 (-6) mm. long, the ovate apically
rounded bracts and bractlets 1-1.5 mm. long; flowers yellow, 12-14
mm. broad, the sepals with 8 oblong or curved more or less merged
glands, the ovate limb of the fifth petal glandular above straight
claw; filaments connate one third or more, the glabrous anthers 1.5-
2 mm. long; styles equal, short, thick, little dilated at apex, dorsally
acute; samaras 2(3), sericeous, nut subglobose, 1 cm. wide, wing
to 6 cm. long or longer, 2.5 cm. wide, in forma transiens Ndz. strongly
818 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
constricted above the base, this being the Peruvian plant further
distinct by the somewhat thinner (chartaceous) leaves. — The West
specimen in fruit may not belong here; cf. also the doubtful specimen
by Biies, not seen, referred to H. catingarum but from the same
region. The West specimen seems to lack leaf glands; the samaras
are densely rusty pubescent at base, the wing only 2-3 cm. long,
1 cm. wide, but the fruit apparently mature. F.M. Negs. 35589;
24265; 12767 (last two, forma).
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 3947. — Cuzco: Savannah brush
at river sides, 1,000 meters, West 7196 (det. Johnston). To Central
America, Amazonian Brazil and the West Indies.
Heteropteris nervosa Juss. in St. Hil. Fl. Bras. 3: 26. 1832;
369. H. suberosa Willd. ex Griseb. Linnaea 13: 229. 1839. H.
anoptera Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. se"r. 2. 13: 276. 1840, fide Kosterm.
Med. Bot. Mus. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 25: 6. 1936. Banisteria suberosa
Willd. var. Candolleana (Juss.) Morton, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 43:
158. 1930. B. nervosa (Juss.) R. 0. Williams, Fl. Trin. & Tob. 1:
133. 1929; also var. Candolleana Ndz. ex Williams, I.e. and var.
Lessertiana Griseb. ex Williams, I.e.
Liana, or sometimes apparently a small tree with the general
characteristics of the related H. orinocensis but the branches thickly
tuberculate with smaller lenticels, the leaves chartaceous-coriaceous,
the nervation rather prominent also above, the peduncles and pedicels
somewhat stouter and the styles dorsally to 0.5 mm. long, uncinate;
leaves sometimes broader, often larger even to 2.5 dm. long, 9 cm.
wide, minutely sericeous beneath; flowering peduncles and pedicels
1-2 mm. and 2-4 mm. long; styles long-uncinate, especially the
shorter straight anterior one; samara wing subobovate, to 4.5 cm.
long, 1.5 cm. wide, the sigmoid inner edge with obtuse appendage
at base 6 mm. long. — The distinctions appear to be relative and
perhaps only one species is concerned; the var. Lessertiana (Juss.)
Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 120. 1930, is merely the state with
glandular calyx. F.M. Negs. 35591; 12799 (H. suberosa).
San Martin: Tarapoto, Ule 6706; Spruce. — Junin: La Merced,
1,000 meters, Weberbauer 1840; 282. — Loreto: Near Iquitos, Tess-
mann 3578; 5539. — Rio Acre: Mouth of Rio Macauhan, Krukoff
5750 (det. Ndz.). Bolivia to Panama and the West Indies.
Heteropteris orinocensis (HBK.) Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. se"r. 2.
13: 276. 1840; 367. Banisteria(1) orinocensis HBK. Nov. Gen. &
FLORA OF PERU 819
Sp. 5: 162. 1822. H. acutifolia Juss. I.e. 276. H. Mathewsana Juss.
I.e. 245, ex char.
Scandent or apparently also erect, typically said to be glabrous
but usually the younger compressed branchlets and new leaves
rufous subsericeous, the terete branches glabrate and coarsely tuber-
culate-lenticellate, robust; petioles rather stout, glabrous, 4-6 mm.
long; leaves oblong or lanceolate, acute to subcordate at base, usually
long-acuminate (acumen sometimes 3 cm. long), rigid-coriaceous, to
16 cm. long, 6 cm. wide or larger, soon glabrate, very smooth and
often lustrous above, the larger prominent nerves and the approxi-
mate secondary intricately reticulate and somewhat glandular;
racemes to 16-flowered, the rather slender flowering peduncles and
pedicels 3-6 mm. long, the bracts and bractlets ovate or lanceolate,
about 7 and 3.5 mm. long; flowers yellow, 13-17 mm. broad, the
lanceolate sepals glandular or eglandular, the crisply crenulate petals
4-6 mm. long with claw 2-4 mm. long; styles shortly uncinate
dorsally; samara as known with puberulent nut, the obovate wing
there geniculate and obliquely ascending to 3.5 cm. long, 1.75 cm.
wide, the upper margin produced. — The type described as glabrous
and its identity with H. acutifolia not regarded as certain by Nie-
denzu; the above description is his for the Jussieu plant, var. eglandu-
losa (Juss.) Ndz., to which the fruit belongs. The use of the HBK.
name as earliest dissolves the question of priority as regards the
other names. According to Grisebach the species should include
H. Candolleana ( H. nervosa) and H. carinata Benth. H. Mathewsana
Juss., 379, seem to be affine, fide Niedenzu. F.M. Negs. 19372;
35576 (both H. acutifolia, vars.).
Junin: Vitoc, Ruiz & Pavdn. — San Martin: Tarapoto, (Mathews
1465, type, Herb. Hook., H. Mathewsana}. Brazil; Colombia;
Venezuela; Yucatan (?)
Heteropteris tomentosa Juss. in St. Hil. Fl. Bras. 3: 31. 1832;
324. H. spectabilis Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. se>. 2. 13: 274. 1840.
Branchlets reddish tomentose, the finally glabrate branches
densely tuberculate, to 5 mm. thick; petioles 3-6 mm. long, tomen-
tose; leaves ovate or obovate, more or less cordate, acute and often
rather long-acuminate, to 13 cm. long, 8 cm. wide, the floral bracti-
form, lanceolate, biglandular, scarcely 5 mm. long; smaller oblanceo-
late younger sericeous both sides, adult plane, glabrate or puberulent
above, smooth or nearly, lucid, beneath yellowish or ashy tomentose,
the prominent nerves reticulate and with 2 dark glands at base;
umbels or corymbs 4-10-flowered, floriferous peduncles below the
820 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
middle or about the middle bibracteolate, 3-5 mm. long, pedicels
4-8 mm. long, bracts and bractlets rarely acute, 1-2 mm. long;
sepals ovate, rounded carinate; petal limb obtuse or rounded, often
crisped, carinate below; anthers oblong-oval, cells parallel, 1.5-2
mm. long, styles apically rounded or acute and somewhat uncinate;
samara subtomentose, the nut ovoid, the wings obliquely oblong-
obovate or falciform to 3.5 cm. long, 1.7 cm. wide, upper margin
sigmoid and at base in rounded appendage to 1 cm. long produced. —
F.M. Neg. 19391.
Huanuco: Pillao, (Woytkowski 34062, form, det. Cuatrecasas).—
Junin: Chanchamayo, Raimondi (det. Herb. Dahlem). To Paraguay
and Brazil.
Heteropteris transiens Ndz. Arb. Bot. Inst. Lye. Brunsb. 2:
39. 1903; 354.
Liana, the younger compressed branchlets and inflorescences
reddish sericeous, the branches glabrate, terete, striate or rugose,
finally canescent and to 4 mm. thick; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate,
usually obtuse or rounded at base, long- (acumen to 4 cm. long)
and acutely acuminate, 8-20 cm. long, half as wide, nearly plane,
chartaceous-membranous, soon glabrate both sides, not only the
6-10 primary nerves but also the secondary parallel crowded and
rather prominent, densely areolate; petioles glabrate, biglandular
at base, often voluble, 1.5-3.5 cm. long; floral leaves all reduced
to linear bracts 2-7 mm. long, the 4-flowered umbels or 6-flowered
corymbs sessile or shortly peduncled and disposed in twice com-
pound axillary and terminal panicles; flowers yellow, about 14 mm.
wide, the ovate to lanceolate straight sepals eglandular or with 8
oval or suborbicular glands, the crenulate petals 3.5-5 mm. long,
cuneate to the short strongly reflexed claw; stamens unequal, the
oval anthers 1-1.5 mm. long; styles long-pediform-uncinate, the
sigmoid posterior much thicker than the nearly straight anterior;
samara not known. — Apparently rare or seldom collected; or perhaps
an entity not stabilized. The forma glandulifera Ndz. has also been
found in eastern Brazil. F.M. Negs. 12706; 12779; 32423 (forma).
Loreto: Flood-free rain forest at the mouth of the Rio Santiago,
(Tessmann J^.721}. Brazil (Rio de Janeiro).
6. BANISTERIA L. sens. Juss.
Essentially Heteropteris but the upper margin of the dorsal
samara wing thickened, the lower edge thin. Flowers much more
FLORA OF PERU 821
often roseate. Styles mostly equal, simply truncate at tip, the
terminal stigma usually capitellate. Sepals infrequently eglandular.
—Banisteriopsis C. B. Robins, ex Small, N. Am. Fl. 25: 131. 1910
has been proposed to supplant the Linnaean name on the ground
that the latter was based on species now assigned to other genera.
It would seem preferable, especially since there is much preced-
ence, to add the name in the long-used sense to nomina conservanda,
as proposed by Kostermans in Med. Bot. Mus. Rijks Univ. Utrecht
25: 7. 1936. As the name Heteropteris Kunth, based on the type
species of Linnets genus Banisteria, belongs to the nomina con-
servanda and Banisteria L. has been rejected, Intern. Rules ed. 3.
135. 1935, it appears advisable to make Banisteria L., sens. Juss.
a nomen conservandum and Banisteriopsis C. B. Robins, ex Small
a nomen rejiciendum. The action already taken need not preclude
this practical if expedient solution to assure here generic stability,
so clearly desirable, as observed, Field Mus. Bot. 8: 120. 1930.
It is a historic fact that law is subject to change to suit developments.
The name commemorates John Banister, English missionary (circa
1700) and author of the first(?) catalogue of the plants of Virginia.
Banisteria caapi and variants are the source of a narcotic (cf.
under that species below). J. T. Baldwin, Jr., Bull. Torrey Club 73:
282-285. 1946, recorded the 2w-number as 20.
As suggested by J. T. Baldwin, Jr., Bull. Torrey Club 73: 282-
285. 1946, one of the best short accounts of the effects of the alkaloid
which this plant yields is by Louis Lewin under the title "Phantastica,
narcotic and stimulating drugs," New York, 1931, from the German
second edition by P. H. A. Wirth; an extensive bibliography is given
in Pflanzenreich, I.e. 437, including a good paper by Perrot and
Raymond-Hamet, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 1266. 1927 and
one by Lewin, I.e. 469. pi. 186. 1928; cf. also the observations of
G. Klug as reported by Morton, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21: 487-
488. 1931. Baldwin himself describes well the extreme excitation
of the drug on the nervous system, the user often being transported,
according to all accounts, into a world of pleasurable fantasy.
The drug, variously known as "telepathin," "yagein," or "ban-
isterine," is found in a number of related plants or forms, notably
B. quitensis and B. inebrians, and Baldwin's remarks are quoted
with pleasure: "Though I know nothing of the merits of specific
segregation in this particular aggregate it is my impression that
many groups of tropical plants are over-named through a lack of
understanding of [their] genetic variation. . . . From my own ex-
822 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
perience with Hevea I judge that numerous Amazonian species
undergo introgressive hybridization with resultant difficulties for
herbarium studies and that many species in that region are . . .
ecotypes . . . frequently accorded binomial recognition." However
I would add that we would not make this error so often if we would
refrain from giving specific value to characters obviously occurring
in almost infinite variation within a group; specifically, here the
presence or absence of glands is probably a good example.
For convenience the key is artificial; the species are not yet well-
placed or well-known, but the significant characters appear to be
mostly in the styles and fruits; gland development anywhere is
probably variable and it is possible that elongate inflorescences may
bear only one or few fruits at lower nodes, giving herbarium material
a very different aspect in fruit than in flower.
Leaves obviously pubescent beneath even when mature; petals gla-
brous, unless B. heterostyla.
Leaves subsessile; flowers yellow; styles stout, straight, equal.
B. laevifolia.
Leaves petioled; styles diverging or sigmoid, slender, usually
unequal.
Styles sigmoid, nearly equal, setose; flowers yellow; secondary
nerves reticulate, the lateral subparallel B. leiocarpa.
Styles glabrous or anterior basally sericeous, unequal; flowers
red or reddish (and white); secondary nerves parallel.
Leaves lanceolate or narrowly ovate; anterior style pilose;
nut alulate B. heterostyla.
Leaves broadly ovate; styles glabrous; nut usually rugose-
aculeate.
Pubescence moderate; pedicels slender B. muricata.
Pubescence lanuginose; pedicels stout B. oxyclada.
Leaves soon glabrous or glabrate, even beneath, unless rarely sparsely
puberulent especially the nerves, the undeveloped only in B.
cristata densely sericeous.
Petals somewhat sericeous (unknown in types of B. peruviana, B.
inebrians); flowers in simple or subsimple inflorescences often
much shorter than the leaves.
Leaves puberulent beneath; styles subequal, rather straight,
glabrous B. nigrescens.
FLORA OF PERU 823
Leaves glabrous beneath or with few scattered trichomes unless
the midnerve; styles more or less barbate.
Anthers densely lanate or pilose; samara nut lacerate-lobulate
(known).
Leaves caudate, membranous; styles pubescent at base.
B. caduciflora.
Leaves long-acuminate, firm; styles exserted, unequally
barbate B. lucida.
Anthers glabrous or puberulent; styles unequally barbate;
species indefinite as known.
Samara nut rugulose, even deeply or lamellately; leaves
chartaceous.
Anthers glabrous; leaves minutely pilose beneath, plane
or nearly; nut about 5 mm. wide B. nutans.
Anthers puberulent; leaves glabrate, minutely revolute.
Nut about 5 mm. wide B. inebrians.
Nut about 15 mm. wide B. peruviana.
Samara nut alulate; leaves often firm or coriaceous.
Anthers glabrous; leaves minutely revolute and glandular.
B. pubipetala.
Anthers puberulent each end; leaves eglandular, plane.
B. platyptera.
Petals glabrous (unknown in types of J5. longialata, B. peruviana,
B. inebrians); flower clusters often disposed in more or less
leafy or leafy bracted axillary or (and) terminal panicles
often as long as or longer than the leaves.
Young leaves densely long-sericeous; flowers more or less pre-
cocious B. cristata.
Young leaves soon glabrate or puberulent; flowers with mature
leaves.
Flowers mostly racemose or corymbose in dense short in-
florescences or terminal panicles B. cornifolia.
Flowers mostly umbellate (except B. padifolia) in rather open,
sometimes elongating inflorescences.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate; secondary nerves parallel.
B. padifolia.
Leaves elliptic or if ovate-lanceolate, broadly; secondary
nerves usually reticulating with the veins.
824 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Leaves coriaceous, rounded at base, drying brown or
reddish at least beneath; styles glabrous; nutlets
smooth or nearly B. leptocarpa.
Leaves membranous-chartaceous, usually drying dark
and somewhat acute at base; nutlets crested-alulate.
Styles barbate; wing 5-6 cm. long, the nut con-
spicuously alulate B. longialata.
Styles glabrous or nearly; wing 2.5-3.5 cm. long (all,
apparently, B. caapi, sens. lat.).
Stipules minute; styles subequal or the anterior
shorter.
Anthers described as puberulent, petioles as
apically glandular B. peruviana, B. caapi.
Anthers glabrous; petioles as leaves usually
eglandular B. quitensis.
Stipules larger; anterior style stouter and longer than
the posterior B. inebrians.
Banisteria caapi Spruce ex Griseb. Fl. Bras. 12, pt. 1: 43. 1858;
436. Banisteriopsis caapi (Spruce) Morton, Journ. Wash. Acad.
Sci. 21: 486. 1931.
Liana, the younger parts minutely appressed sericeous, mostly
soon glabrate except the slender inflorescences silvery sericeous with
short dense indument; branches minutely lenticellate, the shoots
to 4 mm. thick; stipules minute; petioles canaliculate above, seri-
ceous, 1-1.5 cm. long, with 2 large orbicular glands at apex; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, rounded at base, acuminate (acumen 2-3 cm. long),
to 17 cm. long, 6-9 cm. wide, glabrate, lustrous and nearly smooth
above, the 5-6 primary nerves prominent beneath, the secondary
obscurely areolate, usually with 2-4 seriate marginal glands; panicle
leaves acute with large glands, to 3.5 cm. long; umbel peduncles
5-15 mm. long, pedicels 10-18 mm. long; bracts and bractlets 1.5-2
mm. long; flowers pale rose, 15-17 mm. wide, the ovate acuminate
sepals often recurved, silvery pruinose, glandular, the petal limb
strongly concave, oval, fimbriate-glandular; filaments very unequal,
2 much longer; anthers puberulent; styles sigmoid, 2 stouter; nut
nerves extended as in B. argentea, the dorsal wing to 3.5 cm. long,
6-7 mm. wide above the base, 16-17 mm. wide below the apex.—
F.M. Neg. 24326.
This with B. quitensis Ndz. and other similar members of this
family contains an alkaloid, "telepathin" or "yagein" or "bani-
FLORA OF PERU 825
sterine," extremely exciting to the nervous system; cf. Pflanzenreich,
I.e. page 437, for bibliography including Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci.
Paris 469. pi. 186. 1928 and I.e. page 1266. 1927. Found in Ecuador
at same locality asB. quitensis, also said to grow in Peru, and perhaps
distinguishable by the puberulent anthers.
The original of B. caapi was from Ecuador (same locality as
B. quitensis}. All the material seen is sterile; determinations, except
as noted, by Standley. Spruce found it cultivated in many places;
Killip & Smith at Iquitos; the corded twisting stems attain a
diameter of several centimeters.
Madre de Dios: Iberia, near Rio Tahuamanu, Seibert 2173 (det.
Morton). — Loreto: Rio Nanay, Williams 330; 821 (former matched
Tessmann sterile specimens at Dahlem, 'det. Ndz. B. quitensis}.
Rio Itaya, Williams 3348; 3523. Iquitos, Williams 3741; 8111;
8224; Killip & Smith 27385; 29825. Ecuador; Colombia; Amazonian
Brazil. "Capi" (Ducke), "yage," "ayahuasca," "punga-huasca."
Banisteria caduciflora Ndz. Ind. Lect. Lye. Brunsb. 22. 1901;
448.
Liana, the canaliculate compressed branchlets and terete branches
soon glabrate, smooth, brownish, slender, scarcely 3 mm. thick;
stipules minute, annulate at base; petioles eglandular, 4-7 mm.
long; leaves oblong or lanceolate, obtuse at base, abruptly and
obtusely long (about 1 cm.) -acuminate, 3-9 cm. long, mostly 1-3 cm.
wide, plane, membranous-chartaceous, soon glabrous both sides and,
especially beneath, densely nervose (primary nerves 8-10, crowded),
reticulate with 6-12 biseriate glands equidistant from midnerve and
margin; corymbs simple or often trifid, sericeous, the common
peduncle to 1.5 cm. long, pedicels slender, to 2 cm. long, bracts
linear-lanceolate, 2 mm. long, bractlets 1.5 mm. long; flowers scarcely
1.5 cm. wide, the orbicular sepals glandular, the petals, especially
the fifth, oval, long-fimbriate, claws 2-2.5 mm. long; anthers densely
lanate, the connective exceeding cells both sides; stamens and styles
short, scarcely 3 mm. long, barbate at base; fruit not known.—
Nearly B. erianthera Juss., 448, of Amazonian Brazil, the leaves
gradually caudate-acuminate, the styles elongate, the anterior nearly
entirely barbate, the posterior to the middle; cf. also B. lucida.
High-climbing woody liana with arm-thick apparently winding
stems (Weberbauer), in open woods. F.M. Neg. 12805.
Junin: La Merced, 1,000 meters, Weberbauer 1918; 282. — Loreto:
Woods near Yurimaguas, Poeppig 2474, type.
826 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Banisteria cornifolia (HBK.) Spreng. Syst. 2: 388. 1825; 404.
Heteropteris(!) cornifolia HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 165. 1822.
B. cinerascens (Benth.) Griseb. var. glabrescens Ndz. I.e. 406.
Liana, with usually axillary simple or compound corymbs of
rather small yellow flowers borne on slender appressed strigillose
pedicels 6-10 mm. long or the inflorescence said sometimes to be
terminal, leafy; branches typically somewhat strigose or glabrous
in age, more or less lenticellate; petioles 4-8 mm. long; leaves lanceo-
late to elliptic, acutish at the rounded base, more or less acuminate,
often to about 9 cm. long, 4 cm. wide, or in Peru larger, glabrous
or nearly in age and prominently reticulate veined, especially
beneath; flowers 10-14 mm. wide; sepals ovate, the glands large;
stamens and styles glabrous, the latter nearly straight and subequal;
petals glabrous, a little denticulate; samara puberulent especially
about the nut, this somewhat tuberculate or short-alulate, the wing
about 3 cm. long. — Apparently variable or not understood; the Klug
specimen was determined by me as the variety of B. cinerascens
(Benth.) Griseb. because it seemed to match its type, Ule 9477,
which, likewise only in flower, apparently differs only in the smaller
leaves that dried fuscescent, those of Klug being dark and nearly
1.5 dm. long, about half as wide; nevertheless it seems probable
that they represent one entity which may be a variant of B. corni-
folia. Here would key two aberrant specimens that are probably
distinct and perhaps represent an undescribed species: Seibert 2122
from Iberia, Dept. Madre de Dios and Krukoff 5300 from Rio
Macauhan (this det. A. C. Smith, Mascagnia macrophylla); the styles
are basally ciliolate, the samara wing much shorter. For convenience
they ought to have a name and appropriately may be designated
B. cornifolia var. Seibertii Macbr., var. nov., styli ad basin
ciliolati.— Seibert 2122, type. F.M. Neg. 21329 (not seen).
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 706. — Rio Acre: Seringal San Fran-
cisco, Ule 9477 (type, B. cinerascens var. glabrescens}. To southern
Mexico and Venezuela.
Banisteria cristata Griseb. Linnaea 22: 16. 1849; 442. B. lutea
Ruiz ex Griseb. Linnaea 22: 15. 1849; I.e. 443, at least as to Peru.
More or less erect but often climbing or clambering in other
shrubs, the younger parts sericeous, the terete glabrate branches
reddish rugulose and lenticellate, to 4 mm. thick; petioles pilose,
usually less than 1 cm. long and with 2 black glands below the apex;
leaves in so far as known ovate, apiculate to acuminate, early
FLORA OF PERU 827
especially beneath pubescent and tomentose, finally glabrate, to
9 cm. long, 5 cm. wide, the 3-5 primary nerves moderately prominent,
reticulate; umbels solitary or 2-3 at enlarged nodes, the rachis
scarcely more than 3 mm. long, slender pedicels 1- nearly 2.5 cm.
long, lanceolate bracts and bractlets 1-1.5 mm. long; flowers 2 cm.
broad; sepals elliptic, 3 mm. long; petals with subrotund glabrous
fimbriate limb 6-7 mm. long, claw 3-4 mm. long; connective of larger
glabrous stamens thickened; styles very unequal, 4-6 mm. long;
samara puberulent especially near the 4-6-alulate nutlet, the wing
at least in typical state to 3.5 cm. long, obovate-oblong with basal
rounded-oblique anterior appendage about 7 mm. long, 5 mm. high.
Flowers bright deep yellow, showy; semi-erect or leaning on shrubs,
trees (West). — Probably should be drawn to include B. praecox
Griseb., 443, B. nitrosiodora Griseb., with leaves of Hiraea, 442,
the latter illustrated, Lilloa 9: fig. 2. opposite page 260. F.M.
Neg. 12817.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4199. Without locality, woods,
Ruiz & Pavdn, type. — Cuzco: Valle de Santa Ana, (Herrera 1926).
Open deciduous savannah forest, 1,500 meters, Huadquina, Prov.
Convention, West 7191 (det. Johnston). Dept. unknown: Quebrada
Versalles, Diehl 243 %a. Bolivia; Guiana?
Banisteria heterostyla Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. se"r. 2. 13: 283.
1840; 450.
Liana with compressed pulverulent-tomentulose branchlets, in-
florescences, petioles and leaves beneath, glabrate smooth lustrous
reddish branches 2-3 mm. thick; stipules minute, filiform, deciduous;
petioles 5-10 mm. long with 2 small glands below the apex; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, acute or obtuse at base, apiculate, to 6 cm. long
and about a third as wide, little revolute, chartaceous, glabrate,
smooth and lustrous above, drying brown, the floral rotund, much
smaller; umbels terminating primary or secondary upper branchlets
in the 2 upper leafy internodes, the pedicels 10-15 mm. long, bracts
and bractlets ovate-lanceolate, hardly 1 mm. long; flowers red, about
2.5 cm. broad, the sepals eglandular, subrotund from a narrow base,
the orbicular petal limb fimbriate, with claw 2-3 mm. long; stamens
and styles both very unequal, the anthers glabrous with granular
enlarged connective, the anterior style basally pilose; samara nut
villous, scarcely 6 mm. high with 3 lateral wings, both sides sinuate
or lacerate and nearly 1 cm. long, 3-4 mm. high, the wing to 3 cm.
long, about 13 mm. wide, at base produced into a large rotund-tri-
828 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
angular appendage to 7 mm. long, 6 mm. high. — The Schunke speci-
men has not been re-examined and I think it may be questioned; it
is more probably B. pubipetala, if the flower-color was wrongly noted.
Illustrated, Pflanzenreich, I.e. page 444. F.M. Neg. 19360.
Junin: La Merced, Schunke 306. Colombia.
Banisteria inebrians Morton, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21 : 485.
1931.
High climbing liana, the new branchlets finally 4 mm. thick,
densely lenticellate, glabrate, terete, striate, the internodes 5-6 cm.
long; petioles 10-12 mm. long, about 1.5 mm. thick, strigose, eglan-
dular, deeply canaliculate above; stipules large, pubescent glands
finally deciduous; leaves broadly elliptic, rounded at base, merely
acute at apex, about 11 cm. long, 6.5 cm. wide, smooth, lustrous,
olive-green above, concolor beneath, soon glabrate both sides except
for a very few trichomes, but the midnerve and laterals prominent
beneath where strigose, the base of the lower ones with 2 large
glands, the secondary parallel nerves scarcely conspicuous; inflores-
cence axillary, little longer than 5 cm. in fruit, persistently pubescent,
the umbel peduncles 12-14 mm. long; anterior style 3.5 mm. long,
stouter and longer than the 2 posterior; samara nut early sericeous
becoming strigose, oblong, only one side reticulate-rugose, the other
biseriately alulate or aculeate, the dorsal wing broadly semiobdeltoid,
the wing about 3.5 cm. long, 7 mm. wide at base, 16 mm. below the
tip. — Morton contrasted his species with B. caapi and B. quitensis
as follows: both with minute or small stipules, acuminate leaves,
those of former glabrate, larger inflorescences, anterior style shorter
than 2 posterior, samara wing oblong-obovate or obliquely oblong
and smaller; and further from former, eglandular petioles, well-
peduncled umbels and from latter, glandular leaves. The plant
therefore seems to be an intermediate development but the flowers
are unknown and the taxonomic importance of the characters noted
not proved; certainly even with material accumulated now there
appears to be variable concomitance in the distinctions stressed.
On the other hand there may well be several entities, since Morton
saw 60 specimens.
Morton, I.e. pages 487-488, quoted Klug's notes sent in with
the type (Umbria, Colombia), describing the reported effects of the
drug obtained by an all-day boiling of "yag&' (apparently^, quitensis,
fide Morton), to which is added young shoots and leaves of "oco
yage*" or "chagro panga" (these, fide Morton, much like those of
FLORA OF PERU 829
B. Rusbyana Ndz. 445; see alsoB. longialatd); it is thought that the
addition of these may account for the "bluish aureole" accompanying
visions experienced by some drinkers.
Peru (probably). Colombia. "Yage* del monte."
Banisteria laevifolia Juss. in St. Hil. Fl. Bras. 3: 38. 1832;
414.
Rather low shrub, erect and with virgate branches or scandent,
the branchlets terete, finally glabrate; leaves ovate or elliptic or
obovate to lanceolate, more or less cordate at base, acute or acumi-
nate, to 11 cm. long, 4-7 cm. wide, smooth or the nerves and reticula-
tion obvious above, golden or silvery sericeous beneath, often sparsely
so in age with 2-4 (-8) glands near midnerve or base; petioles scarcely
1-2 mm. long; stipules minute; umbel peduncles 5-10 mm. long,
the pedicels about as long to much longer, bracts ovate, bractlets
lanceolate, 1-nearly 2 mm. long; flowers 15 mm. wide; sepals sub-
orbicular, acuminate, the glands thick, oval or obovoid; petals
keeled at base, the limb concave, 6-8 mm. long, ciliate-glandular,
the fifth one plane, 5 mm. wide; anthers glabrous; styles laterally
compressed; samara wing obliquely obovate, to 2.25 cm. long, 1.25
cm. wide, the simply rugulose nut 7 mm. high, 5x4 mm. in diameter.
—The Peru plant is var. grata (Griseb.) Ndz., scandent, leaves
4-8-glandular, the adult rubescent beneath, the pubescence rarely
on the younger golden becoming sparse on the older lower ones;
pedicels more slender, to 1.5 cm. long. Illustrated, Pflanzenreich,
I.e. page 415 (stamens and style). F.M. Neg. 12813.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Ule 6350. Brazil; Paraguay.
Banisteria leiocarpa Juss. Arch. Mus. Paris 3: 395. 1843; 450.
Low shrub or scandent with lutescent sericeous branchlets, petioles,
leaves (in age only beneath) and panicles, these composed of bracted
umbels on peduncles about 2 cm. long; stipules interpetiolar, densely
velutinous, biglandular, about 1 mm. long; petioles to nearly 2 cm.
long, biglandular at apex; leaves broadly rhombi- or rotund-ovate,
shortly acuminate at base, acutely so at tip, to 7 cm. long, 6 cm.
wide, the middle and 7-10 parallel primary nerves prominent beneath,
coriaceous-chartaceous, involute margins above the base usually
with 2 glands; pedicels 1 cm. long or little longer, the lanceolate
acute bracts and bractlets 1-2 mm. long; flowers about 13 mm. wide,
yellow, the oval sepals eglandular, the glabrous petal limb orbicular-
cochleate, fimbriate with recurved claw about 2 mm. long; stamens
830 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
glabrous, slender, twice as long as sepals, the finally resupinate oval
anthers 1 mm. long; ovary densely hirsute; styles sigmoid, equal,
densely long-setose with small capitellate stigmas; fruit unknown. —
Var. populifolia Ndz. is the typical form described above, the axillary
panicles with as many as seven umbels and attaining 1 dm.; var.
parvifolia Ndz. is smaller in all parts, leaves ovate, apiculate about
4 cm. by 3.5 cm., primary nerves 4-6, panicles with to nine umbels
but attaining only 5 cm. F.M. Neg. 24251.
Piura: Shores of the Rio Huancabamba in rocks, Weberbauer 6063
(var. parvifolia}. — Cajamarca: Mouth of the Rio Chinchipe, 800
meters, Weberbauer 6230. — Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews 2126,
type. Rock outcrops near Tupen, Weberbauer 4-794; 155. — Huan-
cavelica: Open savannah bush in the valley of the Rio Mantaro
below Colcabamba, Weberbauer 6466 (var. parvifolia). — Cuzco:
Sahuayaco, Prov. Convention, 850 meters, (Vargas 2044)-
Banisteria leptocarpa Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 7: 130. 1848;
412. B. elegans Tr. & PI. Ann. Sci. Nat. sfr. 4. 18: 322. 1862, at
least as to Peru.
Liana or spreading shrub with many divaricate leafless branches
forming intricate masses; younger parts typically rusty sericeous,
the indument more or less persisting on the finally terete branches,
the leaves, at least in Peru, soon glabrous or essentially and rather
more elliptic than ovate, coriaceous, reticulate especially beneath
and minutely glandular toward or at the apiculate tip, the base
broadly obtuse or rounded, often about a dm. long and nearly half
as wide; petioles stout, 6-8 (-14) mm. long; stipules axillary, acutely
conical, 1 mm. long; panicles more or less ample with subfoliate
ciliate- or stipitate-glandular bracts, often biglandular at base and
4-6-flowered umbels of medium yellow flowers (about 16 mm. wide),
their slender sometimes 1 cm. long pedicels minutely bracteolate at
base; sepals eglandular in type, rounded ovate, 3-5 mm. long; petals
fimbriate, 6-8 mm. broad with claw 1-3 mm. long; samara pubescent,
the ovoid nut barely 4 mm. high with a minute dorsal tooth, the
wing to 2.5 cm. long, 1 cm. wide. — Woytkowski got his number 19
from plants completely covering a plain cleared for about ten years;
thus without support the 8 cm. thick trunks were branching hori-
zontally at around 8 dm., repeatedly, and, spreading in all directions,
formed a maze of leafless stems bearing few inflorescences of gay but
light yellow flowers on upright twigs with deep green glossy leaves.
The species in Peru is scarcely typical but it seems probably a variant
FLORA OF PERU 831
only of the type from Guiana; at any rate it accords better with this
species than with B. elegans, with apparently always much larger
flowers; cf. Sandwith, Journ. Arnold Arb. 24: 222. 1943. However,
the species could not be distinct on the basis of presence or absence
of two leaf glands, marginal glands or calyx glands as Niedenzu,
390, indicated, variable characters. F.M. Negs. 24252; 24250
(B. elegans, var.); 12809 (B. elegans, var.).
San Martin: Zepelacio, King 3329 (det. Standley, B. elegans).
Rioja, 900 meters, Woytkowski 19 (det. Standley, B. elegans).—
Loreto: Mishuyacu, King 1175; 136 (flowers white); Kittip & Smith
29922; King 167 (this det. Morton). Timbuchi, Williams 971.
Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 63 (det. Standley, B. elegans). Mouth of
the Santiago, (Tessmann 4184, det. Ndz.). Guianas. "Nucuna
wasca" (Williams).
Banisteria longialata Ndz. Ind. Lect. Lye. Brunsb. 19. 1901;
445.
Upper branches somewhat compressed or angled and canalicu-
late, smooth but early with a minute and obscure indument, to 7 mm.
thick; stipules 1 mm. long; petioles 1.5 to about 2 cm. long; leaves
of the branches to more than 2 dm. long, 9 cm. wide with acumen
2 cm. long, those of the flowering stems 1- scarcely 7 cm. long, 3.5-
25 mm. wide, all chartaceous, soon glabrous or glabrate above as
beneath or, according to Niedenzu, thinly but persistently sub-
sericeous with rusty minute trichomes, the 6-10 primary nerves
rather prominent both sides, the margins nearly plane; racemes
4-12-flowered, rusty or golden sericeous, simple or rarely branched,
1-2.5 cm. long, the bracts at base broadly subamplexicaul, the lowest
2.5-4 mm. long, the upper half as long, the rounded bractlets hardly
1 mm. long, pedicels about twice as long; sepals glandular; flowers
unknown except styles, these barbate at base; obovate samara
wing 5-6 cm. long, above the base 1.25, below apex 2.25 cm. wide,
the nut laterally compressed and at base enclosed by lower margin
of the wing with orbicular appendage at upper tip 12 mm. long,
half as high and with two winglets on both sides about 16 mm. long,
6 mm. high. — The pubescence described by the monographer is
not apparent on the specimen seen. B. Rusbyana Ndz., 445, the
type from Bolivia, is glabrate, the anterior style barbate above the
middle; these two forms or entities may be the "oco yage"" or "chagro
panga"; cf. Morton, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21: 487. 1931. F.M.
Neg. 12816.
Huanuco: Pozuzo, Ruiz & Pavdn, type.
832 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Banisteria lucida Richard, Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 109.
1792; 441. Banisteriopsis lucida (Richard) Small, N. Amer. Flora
25: 133. 1910.
Erect or scandent, the young canaliculate compressed branch-
lets minutely ashy pilose, the branches terete, smooth or nearly,
glabrous, to 4 or 5 mm. thick; stipules deciduous, lineately con-
fluent, the scar minute; petioles more or less pilose, eglandular,
4-8 mm. long; leaves elliptic-obovate to lanceolate-oblong, acute
at base, with acumen to 2 cm. long, coriaceous, 5-16 cm. long, 2-5.5
cm. wide, glabrous and lucid above, opaque and minutely or sparsely
sericeous beneath, the eglandular margins nearly plane to revolute;
umbels rusty sericeous, 3-5 in corymbs, peduncles 5-15 mm. long,
pedicels 15-24 mm. long, bracts and bractlets broadly ovate, con-
nate, 1-1.5 mm. long; flowers 17-22 mm. broad, yellow, the rotund
sepals glandular, the petals sericeous, fifth glandular-fimbriate, the
articulated claw 3-4 mm. long, the reflexed claws of the others
scarcely 2 mm. long; stamens and especially styles far exserted
above the sepals, the anthers pilose, the posterior styles basally,
the anterior to above the middle, bearded; ovary hirsute; samara
nut with 6-12 nerves radiately spreading into lacerate lobules, more
or less imbricate, the ventral areole oblong, nearly 1 mm. long, the
wing only 4-8 mm. wide at base, 4-5.25 cm. long, the basal knob
triangular or rounded. — Cf. the supposedly related B. peruviana,
B. nutans, B. caduciflora, especially since B. lucida according to
Kostermans is only in tropical Brazil, Guiana, and the West Indies.
The Raimondi specimen ought, from locality, to be B. caduciflora.
Illustrated, Pflanzenreich, I.e. pages 14 and 444 (samara). F.M.
Neg. 24253.
Junin: Tarma, (Raimondi, det. Ndz.). Brazil to Trinidad.
Banisteria muricata Cav. Diss. 9: 423. pi. 246. 1790; 438.
B. argentea (HBK.) Spreng. Syst. 2: 388. 1825. Heteropteris argentea
HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 164. pi. 450. 1822, at least as to Peru.
Banisteriopsis argentea (HBK.) C. B. Robins. N. Amer. Fl. 25: 133.
1910. B. metallicolor Juss. in St. Hil. Fl. Bras. 3: 46. 1832, as to
Peru. Banisteriopsis metallicolor (Juss.) O'Donell & Lourteig, Lilloa
9: 259. 1943. B. acanthocarpa Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. se>. 2. 13: 281.
1840. B. Benthamiana Juss. I.e. B. atrosanguinea Juss. I.e. B. (atro)
sanguinea Juss. var. Benthamiana (Juss.) Macbr. Field Mus. Bot.
8: 120. 1930.
Liana or perhaps early erect and the branches clambering, these
becoming glabrous and more or less lenticellate and verruculose, the
FLORA OF PERU 833
branchlets as the leaves more or less appressed sericeous or minutely
puberulent-tomentose; petioles usually 1-2 cm. long, often with
2-4 glands medially or at the apex; stipules minute; leaves typically
broadly ovate, mostly obtuse at base, acuminate or at least apicu-
late, frequently 10-15 cm. long, about half as wide, in age glabrate
above, typically closely covered with a silvery indument beneath
with often 1-several glands, the 5-7 primary nerves prominent;
panicles more or less compound; pedicels 5-10 mm. long or longer,
the ovate bracts or bractlets 1-1.5 mm. long; calyx in type 8-glan-
dular, the sepals ovate, acute; petals roseate, fimbriate, about 6 mm.
long, the fifth one smaller and glandular, all clawed; stamens and
styles unequal, glabrous; samara nut typically with 2 mucros and
at least one dorsal crest but variously spinescent-muricate or rugose-
aculeate, the oblong-obovate wing to 4 cm. long, 1.5 cm. wide.—
Variable and possibly divisible into one or more entities but not at
all clearly from present collections; best marked probably is var.
atrosanguinea (Juss.) Macbr., comb. nov. (B. atrosanguinea Juss.
Ann. Sci. Nat. se>. 2. 13: 281. 1840), the pubescence, especially in
the inflorescence, a short, dense, somewhat spreading puberulence;
B. argentea (HBK.) Spreng. var. transiens Ndz. is properly a part of
B. muricata, the HBK. plant probably separable conveniently at
least by its yellow flowers ;B. metallicolor seems less distinct, especially
its variants subrotunda Ndz. and aurea Ndz., which point out a leaf-
form and a color form in pubescence, the type being more or less
metallic-silvery, but there are specimens (Mexia) that have leaves
merely sparsely sericeous even beneath. Illustrated, Juss. Arch.
Mus. Paris 3: pi. 13 (fruits). F.M. Negs. 37469; 12801; 24248
(B. Benthamiana); 19357; 12803 (both B. atrosanguinea); 19362
(var.); 12800 (B. acanthocarpa).
According to Herrera this species is toxic, as indicated by the
native name, while Mexia observed the old-rose tinted fruits helping
to color the landscape, and Woytkowski the fragrant pink flowers
in rich clusters all over the supporting laurel trees.
Cajamarca: Valle de Tabaconas, Weberbauer 6160 (det. Ndz.
B. argentea'). — San Martin: San Roque, Williams 7401 (var.).
Zepelacio, King 8573; 3506 (both the var.). Juanjui, King 4373
(det. Standley, B. argentea). Tarapoto, Spruce 4530 (det. Ndz.
B. metallicolor). — Junin: La Merced, Killip & Smith 23378; 23757.
Colonia Perene", Killip & Smith 25011; 25069. — Huanuco: Mission
Uchiza, Poeppig (det. Ndz. B. argentea). Tocache, Poeppig 1879.
Chinchao, Ruiz & Pavdn; Dombey (type, B. acanthocarpa, B. fulgens
834 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Ruiz mss.). Cuchero, Poeppig 1214 (B. acanthocarpa) ; Poeppig 99
and 1752 (type, B. atrosanguinea). Shapajilla, Woytkowski 34 (det.
Standley, B. argentea). — Loreto: Yurimaguas, Poeppig 2433; Spruce
3885. Balsapuerto, Klug 3032. San Antonio de Cumbaso, Ule
6862 (det. Ndz. B. metallicolor). — Cuzco: Valle de Lares, 2,000
meters, Herrera 672; Weberbauer 7935. Rio Vilcanota, Mexia 8027;
8029 (det. Morton, B. argentea,}. — Rio Acre: Seringal Auristella,
Ule 9480 (det. Ndz. B. argentea). Without locality, Jos. de Jussieu,
type; (Mathews 2024, type, B. Benthamiana}. Bolivia. "Sarcello"
(Mexia); "aya-huasca" (Herrera).
Banisteria nigrescens Juss. in St. Hil. Fl. Bras. 3: 44. 1832;
439.
Erect or scandent, the branchlets compressed, the younger
sericeous, soon glabrate, the terete branches minutely tuberculate-
lenticellate, to 4 mm. thick; stipules minute, caducous; petioles
subglabrous, 5-15 mm. long; leaves oblong, subacute at base, long-
acuminate, 2-13 cm. long, 1-5(6) cm. wide, glabrous, lustrous and
smooth (nerves impressed) above, puberulent beneath, the primary
nerves prominently reticulate and the crenulate-repand revolute
margins with many small subimpressed or sessile glands; umbels
foliate, sometimes reduced, the peduncles sometimes bracted
medially, the pedicels 12-18 mm. long, the lanceolate bracts and
bractlets 1-2 mm. long; flowers yellow (drying dark), about 2 cm.
broad, the sepals glandular, the petal limb obovate-orbicular glan-
dular-fimbriate; stamens glabrous, the filaments stout, subequal as
the straight or nearly straight glabrous styles; samara unknown.—
Cf. B. peruviana to which if distinct the Tessmann collection (not
seen) may be referable. F.M. Neg. 19363.
Loreto: Rain-forest, mouth of the Rio Pastazza, (Tessmann
4945). Brazil; Bolivia.
Banisteria nutans Ndz. Ind. Lect. Lye. Brunsb. 15. 1901; 440.
Allied by the author toJB. peruviana but like it imperfectly known
and, ex char, with few contrasting characters: branches smooth,
blackish; stipules dentiform, lineately confluent at base; petioles
puberulent, 4-6 mm. long; leaves oblong-lanceolate with acumen
to 2 cm. long, glabrous, nearly smooth and somewhat lustrous above,
minutely and sparsely puberulent beneath, 6-14 cm. long, 2.5-5 cm.
wide, the 6-11 primary nerves prominently reticulate both sides,
margins scarcely revolute; umbels golden sericeous, the peduncles
divided into 2-3 internodes 1-1.5 cm. long, pedicels nodding, 1.5 cm.
FLORA OP PERU 835
long; flowers 17.5 mm. broad, the apical glands thick; petals yellow
sericeous without, the limb 6-10 mm. wide, claw 2-3 mm. long;
anthers glabrous. — Fruit unknown in type but placed by author in
group with curved stamens and unequal arcuate styles; however
if the Raimondi collection belongs to the species it seems to be the
same as B. peruviana, as in this case the fruit is similar, except (ex
photo) smaller and less deeply rugose. The Cook and Gilbert
specimen has fruits with wings 3.5 cm. long, 1.5 cm. wide, with basal
lobe about 4 mm. high, the nut only 5 mm. wide and long, cristate
and rugose. F.M. Neg. 12820 (Raimondi').
Cajamarca: Tambillo, (Raimondi 3518, det. Ndz.). — Huanuco:
Cuchero, (Poeppig 1497, type). — San Martin: San Roque, Williams
7274; 7776 (maybe, orB. caduciflora but anthers glabrate; distributed
asB. nigrescens). — Cuzco: Small tree, San Miguel, Urubamba Valley,
Cook & Gilbert 982.
Banisteria oxyclada Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. se>. 2. 13: 282. 1840;
430.
Liana, marked by the overall more or less sericeous lanuginose
ashy or sulphureous tomentum, deciduous only from the terete older
branches; stipules mucroniform, connate into an annulus, the stout
petioles to 2.5 cm. long, often biglandular above; leaves ovate to
subrotund, obtuse to subcordate and often oblique at base, rounded
or obtusely acuminate but usually apiculate at apex, to 17 cm. long,
15 cm. wide, chartaceous, nearly smooth and opaquely velutinous
above, sericeous-lanuginose beneath, the 6-8 primary nerves promi-
nent, the secondary parallel, areolate and sometimes with 1 or 2
minute glands; umbels 4-flowered, the peduncles 5-15 mm. long in
leafy panicles (leaflets to 2 cm. long, biglandular), flowering peduncles
obsolete to 3 mm. long, pedicels less than 1.5 mm. long, bracts and
bractlets ovate-lanceolate, 2-4 and 1-3 mm. long; flowers lilac,
roseate or white, 2-2.5 cm. broad, the ovate sepals linear-glandular,
the fimbriate obovate petal limb 8-11 mm. long, short-clawed, the
fifth one long-clawed, glandular to base; stamens and styles very
diverse; anthers glabrous, the 5 posterior small, connective not en-
larged but appendaged, filaments very unequal, 2 styles S-curved,
anterior nearly straight; samara nut smooth to aculeate, wing
typically oblong-obovate, 2.5-4 cm. long, 1.5 cm. wide, sometimes
smaller. — The type, as usual not indicated by Niedenzu, is by
d'Orbigny from Chiquitos, Bolivia, and the species occurrence in
Peru is doubtful. F.M. Neg. 12822.
Huanuco(?): Haenke, without data. Bolivia; Brazil; Paraguay.
836 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Banisteria padifolia [Poeppig] Ndz. Ind. Lect. Lye. Brunsb.
8. 1900; 408.
Rather slender liana, the younger parts yellowish sericeous, the
branchlets compressed, the terete glabrate branches brown-violet,
1-4 mm. thick; stipules not observed; petioles tomentulose, 5-7 mm.
long; leaves lanceolate and long acuminate, obtuse or rounded at
base, to 10 cm. long, 4 cm. wide, except for the midnerve beneath
smooth and soon glabrous or glabrate both sides, the about 6 lateral
nerves and the approximate secondary ones parallel, membranous,
deciduous, the plane margins mostly with many impressed glands;
floral leaves similar but smaller and many-glandular; racemules
4-6-flowered, 2-3 cm. long on peduncles 5-25 mm. long, disposed in
leafy branchlets or panicles; pedicels 7-9 mm. long; bracts and
bractlets ovate-lanceolate, to 2 mm. long; flowers 15-16 mm. broad,
yellowish, the subglabrous rotund-ovate sepals glandular, the con-
cave petal limb long-glandular-ciliate, the claw 2-2.5 mm. long;
stamens unequal, the anther connective of 3 pilose, thickened;
posterior styles S-curved, the anterior nearly straight, all with
orbicular-capitellate stigmas; samara immature but the wing un-
appendaged at base. — F.M. Neg. 32412.
Huanuco: In sunny shrubs near Cuchero, Poeppig 1288, type.
Banisteria peruviana Ndz. Ind. Lect. Lye. Brunsb. 15. 1901;
440.
Branchlets compressed, canaliculate, soon glabrate, the terete
brown or reddish branches lenticellate and tuberculate, to 4 mm.
thick; stipules minute, connate at base into a linear annulus; petioles
5-10 mm. long; leaves elliptic, acute or obtuse at the sometimes
slightly attenuate base, apical acumen to 1.5 cm. long, glabrate or
paler and with a few trichomes persisting beneath, 8-14 cm. long,
4-7.5 cm. wide, midnerve very thick, the 6-8 primary nerves promi-
nent both sides, arcuately confluent below the revolute margins;
umbels solitary or binate at the axils, the peduncles bibracteate
below the middle, 1.5-2 cm. long, fruiting pedicels 2-3 cm. long,
bracts and bractlets broadly rounded, 1-1.5 mm. long; flowers not
fully known; sepals glandular and reflexed; anthers puberulent;
samara nut spheroid to 2 cm. wide, the lateral nerves lamellately
dilated, the wing to 5 cm. long, 17 mm. wide, the upper margin little
curved with rounded extension 12 mm. high and long. — F.M. Neg.
12824.
Cajamarca: Tambillo, Jelski, type. — Loreto: Open area near
Pucalpa on the middle Ucayali, (Tessmann 3106).
FLORA OF PERU 837
Banisteria platyptera Griseb. Linnaea 22: 17. 1849; 447.
Similar to the allied B. pubipetala but the leaves plane and
eglandular, the bracts and bractlets rotund; anther cells puberulent
both ends; dorsal samara wing to 6.5 cm. long, 2.75 cm. wide;
branches black and smooth; leaves 5-12 cm. (-3 dm.) long, 2.5-6
(-13) cm. wide, coriaceous, smooth above; flowers umbellate, more
than 2 cm. wide, the pedicels 2-3.25 cm. long; filaments and styles
rather stout, subequal; samara glabrous, the winglets entire. — The
Peruvian plant has larger leaves as noted, forma grandifolia Ndz.
This species probably should be included in B. pubipetala, at least
as to Peru. F.M. Neg. 12825.
San Martin: San Antonio de Cumbaso, (Vie 6705). Brazil;
Colombia; Venezuela.
Banisteria pubipetala Juss. in St. Hil. Fl. Bras. 3: 41. pi 169.
1832; 446.
Low liana or weak-stemmed tree or shrub, the compressed
canaliculate branchlets and terete branches soon glabrate, 2-5 mm.
thick, grayish or reddish, often lenticellate; stipules dentiform, minute
or caducous; petioles 4-8 mm. long; leaves acute or attenuate at
base, typically obovate or ovate-elliptic or in var. oblong-lanceolate,
long- to caudate-acuminate, to 15 cm. long, 4-7.5 cm. wide, charta-
ceous, glabrous both sides and rather prominently nerved and reticu-
late, the often sinuate margins revolute and minutely glandular;
flowers yellow, 1.5-2 cm. wide, in 6-10-flowered corymbs with
peduncles a few mm. to 1.5 cm. long or in 4-flowered umbels on
peduncles 5-10 mm. long, articulate and bibracteate below the
middle, 1, 2 or 3 in axils or several pseudo-terminal, the pedicels
1-2.5 cm. long, the ovate acute bracts and bractlets 1-1.75 mm.
long; sepals round-oval, glandular; petals sericeous without, limb
orbicular-cochleate, the claw 2 mm. long, 3-5 mm. for the fifth and
articulate at apex; stamens and styles (these barbate) rather slender,
two filaments much shorter than two styles; anthers glabrous;
samara early densely pilose, the nut subglobose, the lateral winglets
various, entire to dissected, the dorsal wing sometimes (in Peru)
contracted at base and falciform, always sinuate and apically more
or less hamate-arcuate, scarcely 2 cm. long and half as wide below
the apex to twice as long and nearly 2 cm. wide. — The Peruvian
plant is var. constricta (Griseb.) Macbr., comb. nov. — B. constricta
Griseb. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 12, pt. 1: 46. 1858 — leaves oblong-lanceo-
838 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
late, flowers mostly in corymbs, about 15 mm. wide, bracts and
bractlets 1.25-1.75 mm. long. F.M. Negs. 24255 (var.); 35655.
Junin: Chanchamayo, Raimondi (det. Niedenzu). — San Martin:
Tarapoto, Spruce 4272; Ule 6439; Williams 5426; 6157. Brazil;
Bolivia; Paraguay.
Banisteria quitensis Ndz. Ind. Lect. Lye. Brunsb. 10. 1900;
427. Banisteriopsis quitensis (Ndz.) Morton, Journ. Wash. Acad.
Sci. 21: 486. 1931.
Liana, the newer parts sparsely appressed sericeous, the soon
glabrate branchlets compressed, striate, the new shoots terete,
smooth, to 2.5 mm. thick; stipules minute; petioles 1-2 cm. long,
broadly grooved above, glabrate, rarely with 1 gland; leaves ovate
or lanceolate-ovate, obtuse or very shortly contracted at base, acumi-
nate (acumen 1-3 cm. long), little revolute, chartaceous, 5-15 cm.
long, 2-8 cm. wide, glabrate, but the 5-7 prominent nerves fulvus-
golden, especially beneath, the secondary subparallel, subareolate,
eglandular or with a few minute glands beneath; floral leaves lanceo-
late, acute, to 3 cm. long with petioles to 5 mm. long, gradually
reduced above to lanceolate bracts 3 mm. long; umbels 4-flowered
in twice compound sparsely ashy sericeous panicles to nearly 3 dm.
long, the umbel peduncles 3-10 mm. long, the pedicels slender, about
1 cm. long, the lanceolate bracts and bractlets 2-3 mm. long; perfect
flower unknown; sepals lanceolate, sericeous without, glandular or
eglandular; petals yellow, glabrous; stamens and styles glabrous,
the former unequal, the latter subequal, slender, more or less curved;
samara nut densely sericeous, 5 mm. broad, sometimes with a tubercle
at base as also on lateral nerves, the dorsal wing to 2.5 cm. long, 11
mm. wide, nearly oblong or somewhat obovate. — Plant noteworthy
with.6. caapi Spruce as the source of an alkaloid which native peoples
used as an excitant at festivals; compare the Spruce species. I have
not seen the Williams collection. Illustrated, Pflanzenreich, I.e.
page 403 (fig. 32-E, not 31-E, error, I.e. page 428). F.M. Neg. 12792.
Loreto: Lower Itaya, (Williams 33a, according to the collector).
Flood-free wood at Soledad, (Tessmann 5325). San Isidro at mouth
of the Patazza, (Tessmann 4974). Ecuador. "Ayawasca" or
"hayawasca" (Tessmann); "vejuco bravo" (Eggers); "bejuco bravo."
7. STIGMAPHYLLON Juss.
More or less woody and usually scandent plants with the samara
of Banisteria (in two species the wing greatly reduced) but usually
FLORA OF PERU 839
with only 6 fertile stamens (those opposite the yellow petals).
Calyx with 4 sepals biglandular. Petals dentate or fimbriate, at
least the limb, 4 more or less concave. Styles somewhat unequal,
all usually more or less dilated, even foliately, sometimes scarcely
or not at all, sometimes only in part. Stipules none or minute.
Leaves entire to more or less divided, often remote, and usually
with a pair of large glands on the petioles, rarely on the midnerve
beneath. Flowers often in dichotomously disposed umbels, the
peduncles usually longer than the pedicels. — According to Haumann
Merck, Rec. Inst. Bot. Bruxelles 9: 21. 1913, all stamens are fertile
in S. littorale Juss., 511 (which species is nearly S. tomentosum}',
Merck's discovery caused Kostermans to suggest, Pulle, Fl. Surinam.
2, pt. 1: 203. 1936, that this may be found true for other species
when observed living; according to Standley and Steyermark,
Fieldiana; Bot. 24, pt. 5: 493. 1946, only 4 stamens are fertile,
presumably the Guatemalan species. The name, originally "Stig-
maphyllon," refers, of course, to the often foliose style tips and was
"corrected" by Niedenzu to Stigmatophyllon and later to Stigmato-
phyllum.
Development of marginal glands and presence of pubescence on
anthers may not be constant characters, either here or in other
groups. In the entire family there is probably hybridization followed
by apomixis.
The position of S. Kuhlmannii in key ex char, may not be correct.
Styles not foliose, minutely if at all dilated, dissimilar or truncate
or rounded apically, usually one (the anterior) truncate, unci-
nately produced; leaves cordate-rotund-elliptic, typically soft
pubescent beneath; samaras (known) aceriform.
Leaves broadly cordate, acute or apiculate, chartaceous; styles
subequal S. primaevum, S. bogotense.
Leaves elliptic, obtuse or rounded, rigid-coriaceous; styles unequal,
two beaked, one attenuate or acute S. peruvianum.
Styles usually subsimilar, two or often all more or less foliose-dilated;
leaves sometimes loosely tomentose beneath.
Mature leaves silvery beneath with a dense appressed indument,
some trichomes long; marginal glands obscure or obsolete;
flowering branches simple to trifurcate, the umbels congested.
S. fulgens.
Mature leaves glabrous to loosely tomentose, not pubescent as
above.
840 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Pubescence of leaves beneath tomentose or loose, sometimes
sparse but trichomes not appressed, always long, often
tangled.
Samara trapezoid, the wing and nutlet subequal; leaves
membranous; flowers 2-3, to 3 cm. wide, anthers glabrous.
S. megacarpon.
Samara aceriform, the wing much longer than nut.
Flowers 16-18 mm. wide; styles and stamens unequal;
anthers puberulent; leaves membranous.
S. tiliaefoUum.
Flowers 2-3 cm. wide; styles subequal; anthers glabrous or
ciliate; leaves subcoriaceous S. Gayanum.
Pubescence lacking or if present on leaves beneath a fine ap-
pressed nearly puberulent or sericeous strigosity unless for
a few long trichomes on midnerve.
Leaves glabrous or essentially, any trichomes present, long.
Leaves subrotund-cordate, often little longer than wide.
Anthers glabrous; samara nut alulate-crested.
S. convolvulifolium.
Anthers ciliolate; samara nut rugose. . .S. cardiophyllum.
Leaves oblong-elliptic, often about twice as long as wide.
S. ellipticum.
Leaves finely pubescent beneath.
Styles very unequal, 1 long-beaked; samara wing to 4 or
5.5 cm. long, the nut crested S. brachiatum.
Styles subequally foliose; samara wing shorter, the nut
rugose to crested.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate S. puberum.
Leaves subrotund-cordate, often little longer than wide.
S. Kuhlmannii, S. strigosum.
Stigmaphyllon bogotense [Bonpland] Tr. & PI. Ann. Sci. Nat.
seY. 4. 18: 320. 1862; 480. S. Ruizianum Ndz. Ind. Lect. Lye.
Brunsb. 10. 1899, fide the author.
Stems twining, early tomentose finally glabrate, the internodes
to 2.5 dm. long; petioles to 4 cm. long with 2 apical sessile glands;
mature or larger leaves ovate, unequally cordate at base, acute or
obtusish apiculate, to 11 cm. long, 8 cm. wide, chartaceous, in age
glabrate above, typically persistently rusty or ashy lanuginose be-
FLORA OF PERU 841
neath (except in var. subglabratum), entire but glandular-repand,
pinnately parallel-nerved, areolate; floral leaves rotund, the sub-
racemose corymbs on peduncles 2-10 mm. long, the flowering
peduncles and pedicels 5-15 mm. long, linear-lanceolate bracts and
bractlets 1.5-3 mm. long; flowers canary yellow, 15-20 mm. broad,
the ovate sepals with oval glands, claw of the larger petals strongly
reflexed, 2.5-3.5 mm. long; styles subequal, laterally compressed,
not foliose; samara old rose color, pubescent, the nervose wing 2-5
cm. long, 12-20 mm. wide, the nut longitudinally or more or less
transversely costate, cristate or somewhat alulate. — Styles nearly
truncate. Simulates S. alternans Tr. & PL 501 of Colombia, with
distinctly foliate styles, to which species my 1752 and Raimondi
from Cuzco were referred by Niedenzu, but both these specimens
have the styles of S. bogotense. The Raimondi sheet from Amazonas
was named forma renifolium Ndz. Repert. Sp. Nov. 26: 346. 1929.
Kittip & Smith 28054 is not typical but is without fruit. Liana
used for lashings (Mexia). F.M. Neg. 24238.
Cajamarca: River shrubs near Huambos, 2,200 meters, Weber-
bauer 4207. — Junin: Vitoc, Ruiz & Pav6n. Near Palca, 1,700
meters, in rocks by brook, Weberbauer 1793; 247. — Huanuco: Pozuzo,
Ruiz & Pavdn. Piedras Grandes, Woytkowski 154- Woods between
the Rio Monzon and the Rio Huallaga, 600 meters, Weberbauer
3591. Churubamba, Mexia 8123; 8127 (det. Morton). Mirador to
Chinchao, Mexia 04143 (det. Johnston). — Amazonas: Chachapoyas,
Valle de Huayabamba, Raimondi (form). — Loreto: Yurimaguas,
Kittip & Smith 28054 (sp. nov. in herb., Morton). Bolivia to
Colombia and Venezuela. "Morcilla huano."
Stigmaphyllon brachiatum Tr. & PI. Ann. Sci. Nat. se*r. 4.
18: 316. 1862; 484.
Complanate branchlets and peduncles more or less rusty tomen-
tulose; petioles 1-6 cm. long, biglandular a little below or at the
apex; leaves orbicular or ovate-reniform, mostly rounded to the
cuspidate tip, to 11 cm. long and nearly as wide, margins minutely
glandular, glabrate above at maturity, densely silvery sericeous
beneath or in Peru inconspicuously, nerves, especially the primary,
prominent beneath, the basal ones pediform, the others pinnate,
the secondary parallel among themselves; inflorescences axillary,
with barely 5 mm. long biglandular bracts, the articulate pedicels
5-15 mm. long; flowers 14-16 mm. wide; sepals ovate or suborbicular;
petals with short claw; filaments slightly unequal in thickness,
842 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
styles in length, the appendage of the anterior falcate-recurved, very
narrow; samara nut rugose to cristate and more or less appendaged,
the wing at base 6-9 mm. broad but to 18 mm. wide above and to
5.5 cm. long. — The Peruvian plants are not quite typical but appear
to have the distinctive styles. Illustrated, Pflanzenreich, I.e. page
467 (leaf, styles). F.M. Neg. 24238.
Loreto: Mishuyacu near Iquitos, Klug 319; 113 (det. Morton).
Santa Ana, Upper Rio Nanay, Williams 1225. Venezuela and
Colombia. "Curi-sisa" (Williams).
Stigmaphyllon cardiophyllum Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. se>. 2. 13:
289. 1840; 494.
Branches smooth, dark red, glabrate; stipules small, acute;
petioles 2.5-4 cm. long, puberulent, biglandular at apex; leaves
cordiform, acuminate, glabrous both sides, paler beneath, membra-
nous, the reddish nerves scarcely prominently reticulate, the sub-
pinnate secondary sometimes terminating marginally in a cilium
but entire and eglandular; flowering branches axillary, puberulent,
dichotomous above and with smaller lanceolate leaves at the angles;
peduncles 12 mm. long, the pedicels a little longer; calyx segments
ovate; petals 13 mm. long; anther cells a little villous, styles apically
foliaceous; samara nearly glabrous, the nut laterally rugose but
ecristate, the wing 2.5 cm. long, broadly and shortly appendaged
at base. — Williams 6883 distributed as this species is incomplete
and probably is referable to S. tiliaefolium or allied form. F.M. Neg.
35638.
Peru (possibly). Northern Brazil.
Stigmaphyllon convolvulifolium (Cav.) Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat.
seY. 2. 13: 289. 1840; 489. Banisteria convolvulifolia Cav. Diss. 9:
428. pi. 256. 1790. Banisteria dichotoma L. Sp. PL 427. 1753(7).
S. dichotomum (L.) Griseb. Linnaea 13: 207. 1839(?).
Scandent shrub 2-9 meters high, the newer compressed branch-
lets velutinous, the terete branches striate to 4 mm. thick; stipules
caducous, broadly rounded to 0.5 mm. long; petioles 3-6 cm. long,
conspicuously biglandular at tip; leaves cordate, more or less long-
acuminate, to 15 cm. long and 11 cm. wide, the more or less repand
margins with sessile or ciliiform glands, membranous, early sub-
sericeous, in age glabrate, except along the little prominent nerves;
corymbs 10-20-flowered, dichotomously terminating axillary
branches, the compressed peduncles 4-10 mm. long, pedicels 3-7 (-15)
FLORA OF PERU 843
mm. long, bracts glandular and bractlets 1-1.5 mm. long; flowers
2-3 cm. broad; sepals rounded ovate; petals yellow without, margin-
ally dotted, the ciliate or fimbriate orbicular limb with claw 2-3 (-4)
mm. long; anthers glabrous (or, as here interpreted, a little pilose),
the connectives, especially the sterile, very thick; styles subhispid
at base, the tips usually foliolate, that of the anterior spreading,
those of the posterior pendulous and ordinarily minutely apiculate
beneath; samara glabrate, the suberect wing to 2. 5 (-5) cm. long,
nearly 12 mm. wide, the straight anterior edge dilated-appendaged
at base, the nut laterally crested transversely, the ventral areole
obovate.— According to the monographer, I.e. 456, the Linnaean
plant is either this species or S. Lalandianum Juss., 486, Brazil and
Colombia, the leaves somewhat sericeous beneath, eglandular; there
are several more closely allied species to be expected. But this and
S. tiliaefolium may be variable and thus include more forms. I
have seen no typical specimen from Peru. Illustrated, Pflanzen-
reich, I.e. page 487 (styles).
Loreto: Edge of overflowed woods at Yarina Cocha, (Tessmann
3412}. Flood-free woods at mouth of the Santiago, (Tessmann
3966). Brazil to Martinique.
Stigmaphyllon ellipticum (HBK.) Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. se"r.
2. 13: 290. 1840; 499. Banisteria elliptica HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp.
5: 161. 1822.
Slender stems glabrous, smooth, reddish or brownish, the young
branchlets and peduncles sparsely sericeous; petioles to 1.5 cm. long,
the two glands at or near the apex patelliform, sessile; leaves entire
pinnate-nerved, the nerves and veins approximate and prominently
reticulate especially above, rounded (to acutish or subcordate)
beneath, mucronate, broadly ovate, often to 10 cm. long, 7 cm. wide
but also longer or narrower, chartaceous, soon glabrous; umbels
2-5-flowered, sessile or shortly peduncled, the flowering peduncles
1-2.5 cm. long, pedicels gradually enlarged, 3-12 mm. long, ovate
bracts and bractlets 1-2 mm. long; flowers yellow, nearly 3 cm. broad,
sepals ovate, petals with fimbriate suborbicular limb, the claw 2-3
mm. long; style appendages nearly plane, the posterior acute;
samara wing coriaceous, broadest above the base, oblong, acutely
narrowed, 2.5 cm. long, 7 mm. wide with short protuberance on upper
margin at base, the prominent nerves foveolate. — Type from Loja,
Ecuador; cf. S. peruvianum; S. echitoides Tr. & PI. 501, rather similar,
of Colombia, has leaves tomentose beneath. F.M. Neg. 37484.
844 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Cajamarca: In hedgerows at Izco, Prov. Cutervo, 1,300 meters,
Stork & Norton 10209 (det. Standley, S. peruviana). Brazil (Bahia)
to Ecuador and Mexico.
Stigmaphyllon fulgens (Lam.) Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. se>. 2. 13:
289. 1840; 492. Banisteria fulgens Lam. Encycl. 1: 368. 1783.
Conspicuously sericeous liana, the younger parts including the
compressed branchlets more or less tomentose, only the leaves finally
glabrate above but persistently silvery or bronze beneath, with a
close lustrous indument; stipules minute but very broad, inter-
petiolar; petioles stout, to 7 cm. long, and with two large apical glands;
leaves membranous or chartaceous, orbicular-ovate, to 17 cm. long
and wide, reniform or somewhat cordate at base, the rounded top
shortly acuminate or apiculate; peduncles to 18 cm. long with two
orbicular conspicuously biglandular bracts 1-2 mm. long; pedicels
enlarged apically, 7-12 mm. long, articulate, minutely bracteolate
medially and basally; flowers yellow, 15-17 mm. wide, the ovate
acute sepals with eight glands, the obovate-orbicular petals denticu-
late, the fifth 2-3 mm. long, the rest 6-7 mm. wide; stamens unequal,
filaments and anthers glabrous; leaflet of straight anterior style
emarginate (or plicate?), the sigmoid posterior ones with more
pendulous leaflets; samaras two, sometimes red, puberulous, nut
semiglobose with a lacerate crest each side, wing to 4.5 cm. long,
upper margin with 1-3 mm. high appendage at base. — In part
after Kostermans, who probably had the characteristic state; the
Peruvian plant, S. maynense Huber, Bol. Mus. Goeldi 4: 575. 1906,
is doubtfully distinct, the author himself only noting: leaves ovate,
sometimes suborbicular, anterior style appendage not at all emargi-
nate, upper margin samara scarcely appendaged; besides, I may add,
the leaves usually about 10 cm. long, 8 cm. wide, seem to be more
openly cordate at base, in general, and so propose the designation
S. fulgens, var. maynense (Huber) Macbr., comb. nov. Niedenzu,
517, however, remarked: "This species seems scarcely to differ from
S. puberum." F.M. Neg. 12855 (S. maynense).
Huanuco: Tingo Maria, Soukup 2211 (det. Idrobo). Pozuzo,
Ruiz & Pav6n (probably their "auriculata" ined. in their Journal).—
San Martin: Juanjui, Klug 3918 (det. Morton). — Loreto: Balsa-
puerto, Klug 2895 (det. Standley). Pampa de Sacramento, edge of
the quebrada Chingana, ( Huber, type, S. maynense}. To the Guianas
and Colombia.
FLORA OF PERU 845
Stigmaphyllon Gayanum Juss. in St. Hil. Fl. Bras. 3: 56.
1832; 491.
Shrubby liana, the complanate branchlets, cylindric branches and
leaves beneath densely clothed with a short, often reddish tomen-
tosity; stipules minute, coriaceous, deciduous; petioles stout, bi-
glandular at tip, to 6 cm. long; leaves nearly orbicular, or broadly
ovate, rounded at base and apex or there emarginate or apiculate,
sometimes 16 cm. long, 13 cm. wide; coriaceous or firm, typically
punctate-scabrous above (apparently often smooth in Peru as else-
where); inflorescence bracts linear, to 1 cm. long, biglandular;
umbels many-flowered, peduncles 4-10 mm. long, pedicels 4-8 mm.
long or longer, bracts and bractlets 1-1.5 mm. long; flowers around
2 or even 3 cm. wide; sepals broadly ovate; petals orbicular, cuneate
to claw, dentate-fimbriate; anterior style appendage obcordate,
emarginate, sometimes unequal; anthers glabrous, apically pilosulous
or hirsute both ends (var. prostratum Ndz.) ; samara nut more or less
crested, densely pubescent, the wing 3.5 cm. long or apparently even
to 4.5 cm. long. — Description as usual after Niedenzu but thus in-
terpreted it would be impossible to find it from his key since he
lists it under the character "anthers glabrous"; all told, except for
the larger flowers it is much like S. tiliaefolium and, except for the
fruit, like S. megacarpon. Trailing for 10 meters, with showy deep
yellow flowers (West). F.M. Neg. 35640.
Cuzco: In woods between Umasbamba and Chinche Road to
Santa Ana, 1,600 meters, Weberbauer 4989 (det. Ndz. S. megacarpon).
In clearings below Machu Picchu, 2,100 meters, West 6466 (det.
Johnston, S. megacarpon). Brazil.
Stigmaphyllon Kuhlmannii Pilger, Repert. Sp. Nov. 42: 78.
1937.
Scandent, the branchlets sparsely or "scattered" hirsute or gla-
brate; petioles apically biglandular, slender, 3-6 cm. long; leaves
rounded-cordate, a little narrowed to the shortly apiculate apex,
those of the flowering branchlets 7-9 cm. long, membranous, glabrate
above with short marginal glands, lightly "scattered" hirsute be-
neath, especially the nerves, these ascending from base, otherwise
few, rather prominent beneath; panicles axillary, 2-3 times dichot-
omous, common peduncle 5-8 cm. long, primary corymb subsessile,
umbelliform; flowers fallen; one style apically dilated, compressed,
produced into a narrow blade, two with orbicular pendent blades
2 mm. long; samara glabrate; nut with little-developed crests but
846 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
with an elevated line, the wing 10-13 mm. long. — Placed by author
with S. lacunosum Mart., 509, of Brazil with anthers hispid each
end, two styles very thick, leaves silvery puberulent beneath; it
seems more probable that it is allied to if not the same as one or
another of the species common to the upper Amazon; nevertheless
and curiously enough, since the type (from thick Igapo woods,
Yanache, Solimoes, Kuhlmann 1550) was incomplete, much Peruvian
material has been so named.
Peru (see note above). Amazonian Brazil.
Stigmaphyllon megacarpon (Veil.) Griseb. in Linnaea 13:
209. 1839; 509. Banisteria megacarpos Veil. Fl. Flum. Icon. 4: pi.
150. 1827, Text 189 (ed. Netto 180). 1825. S. tomentosum Juss. in
St. Hil. Fl. Bras. 3: 53. 1832.
A shrub or at least suffrutescent with virgate stems, the younger
parts especially tomentose as well as the petioles and the leaves
beneath, the former canaliculate above, 2-5 cm. long, the two
sessile glands sometimes as much as 5 mm. below the apex; leaves
often pseudoalternate, usually more or less cordate, acute to retuse
but always mucronate, membranous, mostly 4-12 cm. long, 4-10 cm.
wide, ordinarily entire and eglandulose; floral leaves ovate or bracti-
form; umbels sessile, 5-15-flowered, the floriferous peduncles 5-15
mm. long, pedicels half as long to as long, ovate obtuse bracts and
bractlets 1-1.5 mm. long; flowers yellow, 2.5-3 cm. wide, the sepals
suborbicular, the petals ciliate or fimbriate with claws 2-4 mm. long;
anthers usually glabrous; anterior styles with cordate or semiorbicular
appendages to 1.5 mm. long, 3 mm. wide; samara trapezoid, the nut
longitudinally crested, the upper wing margin S-shaped. — The Vellozo
plate shows clearly samaras with wing little if at all longer than body;
cf. S. Gayanum for Peruvian specimens that have been referred here
other than that by Ule, not seen. F.M. Neg. 35658 (S. tomentosum).
Rio Acre: Seringal San Francisco, ( Ule 9485). Brazil to Uruguay.
Stigmaphyllon peruvianum Ndz. Arb. Bot. Inst. Lye. Brunsb.
8: 61. 1926; 485.
Liana, the newer shoots and the leaves especially beneath densely
lanuginose; upper (first year) petioles scarcely 1 cm. long, becoming
17 mm. long; leaves cordate, obtuse or rounded at tip, those on
younger shoots to 4.5 cm. long, the rest to 7 cm. long, 4 cm. wide,
plane, rigid-coriaceous, only the midnerve prominent beneath and
with two glands at its base; 4-flowered peduncles in 1 dm. long,
FLORA OF PERU 847
2-6-leaved branchlets, the peduncles 4-6 mm. long, pedicels 6-8 mm.
long, ovate bracts and bractlets 1-1.5 mm. long; flowers yellow,
more than 2.5 cm. broad, the erect ovate glandular sepals sericeous
without, the spreading petals glabrous, the semiorbicular cordate-
based limb fimbriate on slender claw 4 mm. long; posterior styles
straight, longer and much thicker, anterior gradually attenuate, the
former with somewhat beaklike tips; samara unknown. — Without
fruit seems to be too near S. ellipticum and S. echitoides Tr. & PI.
501, approaching the latter especially in styles.
Cajamarca: Mouth of the Chinchine, hills on the Maranon,
Weberbauer 6216, type.
Stigmaphyllon primaevum Ndz. Repert. Sp. Nov. 26: 346.
1929.
Vigorous liana, the younger parts, petioles and mature leaves
beneath tomentose or velvety tomentose; petioles 2.5-4 cm. long;
leaves ovate-cordate, acute or obtuse or apiculate, to 15 cm. long,
nearly 9 cm. wide, chartaceous, glabrate or nearly so above, pinnate-
nerved beneath, the 5-6 primary nerves prominent both sides,
biglandular at base; floral leaves 1-3 cm. long; umbels many-flowered,
single to paniculate, the peduncle to 6 mm. long, pedicels 6-10 mm.
long, bracts and bractlets 1-1.5 mm. long; flowers more than 2 cm.
wide; sepals ovate, rounded apically with 8-10 oval glands; petals
red, cordate, subentire, the fifth one fimbriate, 7 mm. long, claw
4-5 mm. long; stamens little diverse, styles subequal, apically com-
planate, rounded dorsally; samara sericeous, 3-5 cm. long, wing
oblong-falciform, 3 cm. long, 1 cm. wide, scarcely with a tooth at
base, the nut with 4 thick rugae both sides. — Unique in style character
(Niedenzu) but not examined by me. F.M. Neg. 12787.
Cajamarca: Montana de Nancho, Prov. Hualgayoc, several col-
lections by Raimondi, type (including numbers given at Dahlem,
as 3177, 5206 and others).
Stigmaphyllon puberum (Rich.) Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. se"r. 2. 13:
289. 1840; 504. Banisteria pubera Rich. Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris
1: 109. 1792.
Scandent shrub, the compressed branchlets and peduncles golden
or pale sericeous as the leaves beneath (or glabrate in age), the
branches terete, glabrate, smooth, reddish; petioles sericeous, 1-4 cm.
long; stipules broad, interpetiolar; leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate,
long-acuminate, obtuse or rounded at base, entire, membranous,
848 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
glabrate above, 6-16 cm. long, 2.5-7 (-9) cm. wide, pinnate-nerved,
the nerves prominent beneath; floral leaves reduced, often linear,
biglandular; umbels 5-10-flowered, the common peduncles 1-7(20)
cm. long, floriferous 1-3 cm. long, pedicels 3-8 mm. long, ovate
bracts and bractlets scarcely 1 mm. long; flowers 16-20 mm. broad,
the sepals ovate, the petals typically red without, yellow within,
all but one concave, all fimbriate (the fifth orbicular one also
glandular) and cuneate at base with claws 2-3 (-4) mm. long;
stamens thick, anthers glabrous with glandular-enlarged connectives,
three posterior reduced; style leaves ample, cucullate, the anterior
subcordate, the posterior falcate-acute; samaras (usually only two)
typically smooth, triangular-pugiform, the wing to 3 cm. long, 12
mm. wide at base, narrowed to tip, the lower margin sinuate. —
From photo and scrap of type, I doubt if this is typically in Peru:
dets. by Niedenzu as usual, who included Poeppig 2082 from Tocache
which I cite under S. strigosum. Illustrated, Pflanzenreich, I.e. page
487 (fruit and stamens with styles). F.M. Neg. 24245.
Loreto: Sand-bank on the lower Aguatia, (Tessmann 3156).
Flood-free rain forest, Puerto Mele*ndez, (Tessmann 4859). Santa
Rosa on the Huallaga, not overflowed area, (Tessmann 5518).
Brazil to the West Indies; Central America.
Stigmaphyllon strigosum [Poeppig] Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. se>.
2. 13: 289. 1840; 498. S. Martianum Juss. I.e., at least as to Peru.
Except for a sparse pulviform indument, twining branches gla-
brate, the internodes long, the dichotomous flowering branchlets
longer than the leaves, these ovate, truncate at base, shortly acumi-
nate and minutely mucronulate, 5-8 cm. long, 4.5-5.3 cm. wide,
subsinuate, rarely sublobate, and minutely glandular at the nerve
ends, glabrous above except the midnerve, shortly and softly pubes-
cent beneath; petioles 2.5-4 cm. long, biglandular at tip; peduncles
8-18 mm. long, pedicels a little longer and slenderer; petals fimbri-
ate-ciliate; anthers glabrous; styles foliolately dilated at apex;
samara immature, the nut obliquely bicristate, the crests imbricate,
the outer and upper broader and replicate above, the wing narrower
at base and introrsely appendaged. — Name in another genus in
herb, by Poeppig, Jussieu citing number 19^1 from "upper Maynas"
as type. The species may be doubtful. The more recent collections
were distributed by me as S. puberum, following Niedenzu's interpre-
tation of that species. The anthers were described as glabrous but
the monographer keys the species with S. tiliaefolium; probably, as
FLORA OF PERU 849
he admitted for S. megacarpon and S. Gayanum, the character is not
always significant. F.M. Negs. 32420; 19397 (Martianum).
Huanuco: Tocache, Poeppig 1941, type, and 2082 (this det. Ndz.
S. puberum). — Junin: Puerto Bermudez, Killip & Smith 26630.—
Loreto: In shrubs near Yurimaguas, Poeppig. Lower Rio Huallaga,
Killip & Smith 29004- Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 49 (det. Morton,
S. Kuhlmannii,det.Standley,S.fulgens'). Balsapuerto, Klug2968;
3075 (both det. Morton, S. brachiatum; det. Standley, S. puberum).
Mishuyacu, King 160.
Stigmaphyllon tiliaefolium (HBK.) Ndz. Ind. Lect. Lye.
Brunsb. 16. 1900; 496. Banisteria tiliaefolia HBK. Nov. Gen. &
Sp. 5: 162. 1822. S. rotundifolium Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2. 13:
289. 1840, at least as to Peru.
Scandent shrub, the compressed branchlets tomentose, the smooth
glabrate branches brown, 3 mm. thick; petioles short or long (to
8 cm. long), the two apical glands sessile, patelliform; leaves sub-
rotund-cordate or the smaller ovate, basally obtuse or acute, shortly
acuminate and mucronate, 4-9(12) cm. long, 3-7(14) cm. wide,
revolutely repand, (or in Peru plane) and the nerves — these promi-
nent beneath — terminating in short glands, membranous or charta-
ceous, glabrate above except the nerves, more or less tomentose or
sericeous beneath; peduncles 3-5 mm. long, the pedicels 2-4 mm.
long; bracts oblong, 1.5-2 mm. long, the rotund-ovate bractlets 1
mm. long; flowers 16-18 mm. broad, the sepals broadly ovate, the
yellow petals pilose without or below, denticulate, orbicular from a
cuneate base; filaments in part (unknown in type) as styles S-curved
(curved or nearly straight in Peru and subequal), the posterior longer
than the anterior, the styles sinuately foliolate; anthers often a little
pilose in Peru; samara nut acutely auricled, rugose-cristate or
smooth; the wing 2.5 cm. long or longer, the lower margin slightly
repand-denticulate. — Name "corrected" by some to "tiliifolium";
the type from Colombia was in fruit, the species floral character
therefore by later authors. None of the Peruvian material seems to
be entirely in conformity but, as the experienced and intelligent
Grisebach observed, species may well be variable and here especially
as regards marginal leaf-glands and degree of nutlet crests; anyway
it is one of the earliest names in a group of poorly understood or not
clearly defined entities. As to the name itself, some authors are
using S. Humboldtianum (DC.) Juss. because of the existence of
the name Banisteria tiliaefolium Vent, 1803. There is, however, no
850 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
conflict within Stigmaphyllon. By the same token S. fulgens requires
another name. Illustrated, Pflanzenreich, I.e. page 487 (fruit).
F.M. Negs. 8017 (var.); 24246 (rotundijolium); 12788 (puberulum);
37483 (not seen).
San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 5606; 6725; 6499 (all det. by
me S. rotundifolium; leaves firm, densely tomentose beneath).—
Loreto: Mouth of the Rio Santiago, (Tessmann 4298; 4916; 5003}.
Lower Rio Nanay, Williams 537; 491; 456 (all det. Morton, S.
Kuhlmannii). Above Pongo de Manseriche, Mexia 6239 (det.
Standley, S. puberum). Rio Morona, Killip & Smith (Dennis)
29155. Boqueron Padre Abad, (Woytkowski 34401, det. Cuatrecasas).
Bolivia to Mexico; Brazil. "Tejesa" (Mexia).
8. SPACHEAJuss.
Trees or sprawling or scandent shrubs, the younger parts reddish
or rusty hirsute, rather soon glabrate. Racemes many flowered,
pendulous or nodding from the branchlet tips, the bractlets dorsally
with oblique-terminal glands. Calyx glands longitudinally adnate.
Petals glabrous, anthers and filaments 'glabrous except the latter
hirsute about the annulus of the torus. Styles short, obtuse. Cocci
smooth. — Genus commemorates Eduard Spach, Alsatian botanist
of the early nineteenth century.
Spachea tricarpa Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. se>. 2. 13: 326. 1840;
585. Meckelia multiflora Mart, ex Griseb. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 12,
pt. 1: 26. 1858.
Glabrate shrubby liana, only the younger parts, including the
compound inflorescence of slender racemes, more or less strigillose;
petioles eglandular, canaliculate, 1-1.5 cm. long; stipules connate
between the petioles, ovate, 4-5 mm. long; leaves oblong-elliptic,
acute or decurrent at base, rather long-acuminate, often 1.5-2(2.5)
dm. long, 4-7 cm. wide, revolute-margined, membranous-chartaceous
or firmer, lustrous and glabrous both sides unless puberulent mid-
nerve, biglandular at base beneath with 8-12 prominent primary
and secondary reticulate nerves; bracts about 3 mm. long, adnate
to peduncle, the many-flowered raceme terminating axillary branch-
lets and provided with several more or less leafy bracts; bractlets
mostly eglandular, 1-1.5 mm. long; both flowers perfect, about 1 cm.
wide, the sepals bearing 8 glands, the widely spreading pink or
purplish petals so far as known roundish and subentire; carpels 3,
styles slightly curved. — Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 12, pt. I: pi. 5
FLORA OF PERU 851
(as Meckelia multiflora); also Pflanzenreich, I.e. page 579. F.M.
Neg. 19404.
Loreto: Mishuyacu near Iquitos, Klug 2561 (det. Standley,
Burdachia prismatocarpa) ; Klug 221 (det. Macbride, Byrsonima
laxiflora). Caballo Cocha, Williams 221+3. Amazonian Brazil.
9. GALPHIMIA Cav.
Peruvian species an erect shrub with somewhat glaucous leaves
biglandular on margin at base, or on petioles, free stipules and rather
showy yellow flowers borne in terminal racemes. Pedicels with a
bract at base and two bractlets at the medial articulation. Styles
three, free, acute; ovary, as the unappendaged anthers, glabrous.
Capsular fruits with three slightly fleshy dehiscing parts. — Name
was derived from Malpighia.
Galphimia glauca Cav. Icon. 5: 61. pi 489. 1799; 597. Gal-
phimia gracilis Bartl. Linnaea 13: 552. 1839; 595. Thryallis gracilis
(Bartl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 89. 1891. T. glauca (Cav.) Kuntze,
I.e.
Branches and inflorescences early sparsely rufous sericeous, soon
glabrate, slender; leaves oblong-elliptic, obtuse or acute both ends,
membranous, soon glabrous, 2-6 cm. long or longer, often 2 cm. wide
or wider; stipules subulate, 1-2 mm. long, adnate at base of petioles,
these 5-15 mm. long; racemes dense to rather lax, a dm. long or
longer; pedicels 5-10 mm. long; petals more or less unequal, the
larger about 1 cm. long, the ciliolate blade ovate or subcordate;
filaments little unequal; capsules globose, the dark brown seeds with
conspicuous radicle. — In Peru probably always cultivated as in
most warm regions; variable.
San Martin: In garden at Tarapoto, Williams 5941. — Loreto:
Caballo Cocha on the Amazon River, Wittiams 2374. Central
America; Mexico. "Lluvia de oro" (Williams).
10. LOPHANTHERA Juss.
Trees or shrubs with large leaves and ample inflorescences com-
posed of 1-many nodding racemes, their primary and secondary
peduncles apically bibracteolate, the fertile bracts and bractlets
eglandular, the sterile with a large gland oblique at the tip. Stipules
connate. Pedicels articulate above the base. Calyx 10-glandular.
Petals glabrous, clawed, subentire, lutescent. Stamens exserted,
852 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
the extrorse anthers glandular- verruculosely appendaged. Ovary
glabrous. Fruit consisting of three cocci each keeled dorsally, the
basal part often simulating a carpophore. — The related Acmanthera
Griseb. has pedicels sessile in simple racemes, the bracts and bract-
lets involucrately congested, petals sericeous without, ovary villous,
fruit segments folliculiform; the two species, both Amazonian, are
A. latifolia (Juss.) Griseb., 608, and A. longifolia Ndz., 609, the
former with broadly ovate plane-margined leaves sericeous beneath
even at maturity, the latter with oblong revolute-margined glabrate
leaves.
Lophanthera longifolia (HBK.) Griseb. in Mart. Fl. Bras.
12, pt. 1: 25. 1858; 607. Galphimia(l) longifolia HBK. Nov. Gen.
& Sp. 5: 173. 1822.
Younger parts reddish velutinous, the same puberulent indument
more or less persisting on the plane-margined, lucid, concolored,
reticulate, cuneately oblanceolate and acutely acuminate leaves
that may attain 12 cm. or more and a width of about 7 cm. ; petioles
slender, 1.5-2.5 cm. long with 2-4 oblong or linear glands near the
middle and subulate, slightly connate stipules near the base; racemes
to 4 dm. long, flowering peduncles 1-2 mm. long, pedicels clavate,
3-6 mm. long; bracts lanceolate, 3 mm. long, the fertile bractlets
minute, ovate, the sterile linear, about 3 mm. long and glandular
dorsally at tip; flowers 12-15 mm. wide, the erect sepals 10-glandular,
the spreading, fleshy, probably yellow petals with 5-6 mm. long,
lightly crenulate-revolute blade; fruits 3-parted, each segment 1 cm.
long, 3 mm. thick, the narrowed apex from stouter basal "carpo-
phores."— Illustrated, Pflanzenreich, I.e. page 9 (anther, fruit).
L. Spntceana Ndz., 606, has revolute, soon glabrate leaves, petioles
canaliculate, apically biglandular; L. lactescens Ducke, 606, younger
parts lactescent, fruits without the pseudo-carpophores. F.M.
Neg. 37489.
Peru: Probably along the Amazon or tributary. Brazil.
11. MALPIGHIA [Plumier] L.
Shrubs or small trees with entire or spinescent-dentate leaves,
slender inconspicuous stipules, usually short petioles. Corymbs
or umbels often many-(l-many) flowered, the pedicels as long to
three times as long as the floriferous peduncles. Bractlets eglandular.
Flowers irregular, the calyx 6-10-glandular with six glands about
equal, the sepals not enlarged after anthesis, the petals and stamens
FLORA OF PERU 853
glabrous, one of the former often dentate, ciliate or fimbriate, the
latter curved and unequal. Ovary glabrous, the styles always free,
simply obtuse or dilated dorsally, the stigmatic surface on the inner
angle, somewhat unequal or diverse. Fruit a drupe composed of
three 1-seeded pyrenes.
Genus and family named for the first celebrated anatomist, who
was also a physician and philosopher, Marcello Malpighi. He was
one of the first to use the microscope, and many of his discoveries
commemorate his name, as Malpighian layer of the skin, etc.
M. coccigera L. of the West Indies, where known as Singapore
Holly, is probably cultivated; it has 1-2 pink flowers and globose
red fruits. The even better known Barbados Cherry or Escobillo
with 3-8 pink flowers and fruits with thin flesh is M. glabra L.,
which may be Ruiz and Pavon's "ciruela de Fraile" from Chancay
that had "fruit with very sweet and cloying taste, its seeds tasting
like almonds but very nauseating. In order to mature it must be
kept in straw, bran or other matter for several days when it ripens
and becomes, from the slight fermentation, as soft as butter, sweet
with red flesh."
For ascorbic acid content of Malpighia see Science 104: 230. 1946.
Leaves soon glabrous; bractlets lanceolate, barely 1 mm. long or
shorter.
Leaves ovate-elliptic-lanceolate, more or less pointed; styles
straight, equal M. glabra.
Leaves distinctly obovate, mostly or all rounded at tip; styles
curved, unequal M. punicifolia.
Leaves tomentose beneath; bractlets ovate, 1.3 mm. long.
M. tomentosa.
Malpighia glabra L. Sp. PI. 425. 1753; 617. M. peruviana
Moric. PI. Nouv. Amer. 109. 1841. M. lucida Pavon ex Juss. Ann.
Sci. Nat. s<§r. 2. 13: 336. 1840.
A shrub 1-4 meters high, soon glabrate including the leaves but
early more or less yellowish sericeous; stipules setaceous, deciduous,
1-2 mm. long, petioles 1-3 mm. long; leaves ovate-elliptic to oblong-
lanceolate, acute at base, acute or acuminate or sometimes obtuse,
to 8 cm. long, 3.5 cm. wide, little revolute, eglandular, chartaceous
or subcoriaceous; corymbs 5-15 mm. long-stiped, the flowering
peduncles 3-8 mm. long, pedicels 6-15 mm. long, bracts ovate-
lanceolate, 1.5-2.5 mm. long, bractlets lanceolate, scarcely 1 mm.
854 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
long; flowers white or roseate, 12-16 mm. broad, the sepals oblong
or elliptic, the petals obovate or oval to suborbicular, somewhat
denticulate, obviously unequal, glanduliferous at base with claw
longer or shorter than limb; stamens unequal, the anthers cordate-
ovoid, exserted; styles equal; drupes 7-8 mm. long, 9 mm. thick,
cherry colored with densely foveolate and medially costate pyrenes. —
Jussieu with reason suggested that the origin of the type of M.
lucida (M. peruviana) may be Mexican. Illustrated, Pflanzenreich,
I.e. page 620 (flower).
San Martin: Tarapoto, Ule 6440. Without locality, Pavon
(type, M. lucida). — Loreto: Iquitos, Williams 3594- To Texas and
the Antilles.
Malpighia punicifolia L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 609. 1762; 622.
Shrub or small tree sometimes about 5 meters tall, the older
branches sparsely tubercled with orbicular lenticels; stipules seta-
ceous, obscure, petioles 2-4 mm. long; leaves usually elliptic-lanceo-
late to obovate, oblong or obovate, obtuse or rounded, rarely mucron-
ulate, sometimes emarginate, 1.5-7 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide, rarely
narrower, plane, membranous-chartaceous, early softly sericeous
both sides, becoming glabrate; corymbs or umbels 1-10 mm. stiped,
the floriferous peduncles 3-7 mm. long, the pedicels 6-15 mm. long,
lanceolate bracts 1-1.5 mm. long, bractlets 0.5-1 mm. long; flowers
white or violet or rose-colored, about 13 mm. broad, the sepals
ovate (1 glandless, 2 biglandular), the petals unequal, fimbriate at
least below, carinate, the claws shorter than the subrotund limbs;
2 stamens stouter, the others with filiform filaments, exserted, the
anthers ovoid; styles obviously unequal, the 2 posterior longer and
thicker, all truncate or in var. obovata Niedenzu somewhat uncinate-
compressed; drupes broadly ovoid-globose, rather 3-lobed, juicy,
10-15 mm. thick, the 3 pyrenes cristate and muricate. — M. retusa
Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulphur 74. 1844 may be a not uncommon form
with many leaves emarginate, the type from Isle of Puna south
of Guayaquil. Cultivated or at least protected and the edible fruit
harvested as "cereza" or "Barbados cherry"; it is pleasantly aromatic
but acid and improved by cooking with sugar (Dahlgren). Illus-
trated, Dahlgren, Trop. & Subtrop. Fruits, Chicago Nat. Hist. Mus.
Pop. Ser., Bot. 26: 46. 1947.
San Martin: Moyobamba, Weberbauer 4673. Tarapoto, Williams
6754. — Tumbez: Plain near Hacienda La Choza, Weberbauer 7731.
To Mexico and the Antilles. "Cereza de la sabana" (Weberbauer).
FLORA OF PERU 855
Malpighia tomentosa Pavon ex Moric. PI. Nouv. Amer. 111.
pi. 68. 1841; 617.
Shrub, the new branchlets, inflorescence and leaves softly whitish
or yellowish tomentose; stipules subulate, scarcely exceeding 1 mm.;
petioles to 4 mm. long, leaves ovate, rounded at base, acute, rounded
or even emarginate to 3.5 cm. long, 2.5 cm. wide, plane, mem-
branous-chartaceous, the adult only puberulent above, the six
primary nerves scarcely conspicuous; umbels 4-flowered, the common
peduncle about 1 cm. long, floriferous, 2-3 mm. long, pedicels about
4 mm. long; flowers 10-13 mm. wide, the calyx with 10 glands, the
thick roseate reflexed petals cordate-orbicular, cochleate, denticulate,
the nearly plane, smaller, fifth one glandular-fimbriate; stamens
little exserted, two thicker, filaments two-thirds connate, anthers
subglobose; styles straight; immature ovoid drupe 6 mm. long.—
Perhaps even probably, as suggested by Jussieu, from Mexico.
F.M. Neg. 24216.
Peru(?): Without data, "Pavdn," type.
12. BUNCHOSIA Richard ex Juss.
Small trees or erect shrubs, at least the younger parts more or
less pubescent, with entire leaves and axillary, mostly many-flowered
and elongate racemes of small flowers, the bractlets usually with
l(-2) conspicuous gland. Stipules small, linear-lanceolate, acute,
interpetiolar. Calyx glands 10, in part more or less connate, the
sepals not enlarged. Petals and stamens glabrous, the filaments
more or less joined at base as also the styles or these free, obliquely
obtuse or capitellate, the ovary glabrous or sericeous. Pyrenes
2 or 3, smooth. — The name was derived from the Arabic "bunchos,"
meaning coffee, which the pyrenes simulate and which are said to
serve as a substitute. Species (as accepted) very difficult to dis-
tinguish, the key only suggestive. With the approach so usual to
some monographers, key characters are often "destroyed" in varietal
distinctions. While characters of styles and ovary are not always
constant they are usually and thus convenient as any for separating
herbarium material as determined.
Styles soon free or partly so; anther connective, except B. media,
elongate; leaves in general oblong-, elliptic-, or ovate-lanceolate.
Ovary sericeous, 2-celled; connective dark, elongate; leaves said
to vary in glands.
Flowers about 14 mm. broad. . . .B. armeniaca.
856 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Flowers about half as large B. angustifolia.
Ovary glabrous or nearly, typically 3-celled; connective yellow,
shorter than cells; leaves with 2 glands beneath next to mid-
nerve, glabrate.
Flowers at most 1.5 cm. wide, the petals not equally glandular.
B. media.
Flowers often about 2 cm. wide, all the petals glandular-ciliate.
B. maritima.
Styles connate (cf. also B. armeniaca}; anther connective, except
B. glandulosa, short; leaves as noted below.
Ovary glabrous; connective dark, equaling or longer than cells;
leaves soon glabrous, biglandular beneath at base, narrowly
lanceolate-ovate unless in Peru B. glandulosa.
Ovary pubescent; connective dark (except B. lanceolata), short;
leaves (unless B. lanceolata) usually broadly elliptic or ovate-
elliptic, the glands more or less above base, marginal or
lacking (glands sometimes nearly basal, B. Hookeriana).
Connective dark; leaves about 6(10) cm. wide.
Leaf-acumination variable; drupes about 1 cm. thick.
B. Lindeniana, B. Hookeriana.
Leaf-acumination regularly distinctive, caudate; drupes 2 cm.
thick B. elliptica.
Connective yellow; leaves glabrous, (2)3-4.5(8) cm. wide, about
twice as long B. lanceolata.
Bunch osia angustifolia Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. se"r. 2. 13: 324.
1840; 665.
Resembles B. armeniaca; branches canescent, the oval lenticels
scarcely conspicuous; petioles 5-7 mm. long; leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, to 10 cm. long, 4 cm. wide, deep green; racemes little shorter
than the leaves; flowers half as large, the green calyx with yellow
glands, the twice as long denticulate spreading petals yellow;
stamens reddish, exserted; styles nearly distinct, stigma capitellate;
drupes ovoid, nearly 2.5 cm. long, greenish-red. — Probably is a
variant of B. armeniaca as suggested, apparently by Cavanilles.
The Weberbauer specimen with little elongate anther-connective
and leaves 7-9 cm. long, 2.5-3 cm. wide, is doubtful, but placed
here by Niedenzu.
Junin: Huachihuachi, Weberbauer 6546. Without locality, Jos.
de Jussieu, type. Without locality, (Mathews). Bolivia. "Ciruela."
FLORA OF PERU 857
Bunchosia armeniaca (Cav.) DC. Prodr. 1: 582. 1824; 664.
Malpighia armeniaca Cav. Diss. 8: 410. pi. 238. 1789. Byrsonima
nitida [R. & P.] G. Don, Gen. Syst. 1: 636. 1831.
Shrub or tree 4-12 meters high, the younger parts appressed
sericeous, the branchlets a little complanate below the nodes, the
branches terete, striate; stipules calliform-acute, connivent, 0.5-1
mm. long; petioles stout, 4-10 mm. long; leaves narrowly ovate to
oblong or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or shortly narrowed at base,
shortly to long-acuminate, to 24 cm. long, 11 cm. wide, scarcely
revolute, chartaceous or subcoriaceous, the adult glabrate, green,
more or less lustrous, laxly reticulate-veined, primary nerves 6 or 7,
frequently glandular-maculate beneath; racemes often geminate or
ternate to 40-flowered and 13 cm. long, common peduncles 1-3.5
cm. long, floriferous 1-5 mm. long; pedicels 2-6 mm. long, all en-
larged; bracts ovate-lanceolate, 1.5-2.5 mm. long, bractlets ovate,
very acute, 1 mm. long; flowers 14 mm. broad; sepals ovate, ciliate,
glands oblong-obovate, petal limb orbicular, more or less glandular-
ciliate; filaments to two-thirds connate, anthers subrotund, the
broad connective a little produced, brown; ovary 2-celled, sericeous,
styles distinct (or rarely connate); drupes subsericeous, ovoid, 2.5
cm. long, 2 cm. in diameter. — Jussieu in Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Paris 18: 481. 1811 merely established the genus (for Richard),
listing the species under Malpighia; therefore the authority for the
name is as above, not (Cav.) Rich, ex Juss. I.e., as often written.
Fruit with thin dark red skin with sweet dryish pulp. The
forma systyla, styles connate, may not belong here or the character
variable; cf. B. lanceolata, forma leiocarpa and B. glandulosa. The
Loreto specimens, all apparently with connate styles, are quite
possibly rather B. Hookeriana but all characters are not discernible.
The species type, without locality, by Jussieu.
Cajamarca: Nancho, Raimondi. — Lima: Chancay, Ruiz & Pavdn
(type, B. nitida). Huertas, Raimondi. — Huanuco: Near Huanuco,
Ruiz & Pavdn. Huacar near Ambo, Raimondi. — Ayacucho: Open
woods, Aina, Killip & Smith 228111 (distr. as B. fluminensis).—
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, (Mathews, forma systyla). — Loreto: Flood-
free wood near Soledad, (Tessmann 5276, forma systyla, Niedenzu).
Yurimaguas, Mathews; Killip & Smith 282191 Soledad, Killip &
Smith 29776 (forma systyla, so cf. B. Hookeriana). Balsapuerto,
Killip & Smith 284191 Colombia to Bolivia and Brazil. "Ciruelas
de Frayle," "ciruela de causaboca" (Raimondi).
858 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Bunchosia elliptica Todaro, Index Sem. Hort. Panorm. 38.
1877; 662.
Apparently like B. Hookeriana but leaves all acuminate, flowering
peduncles 2-4 mm. long, equaled by the pedicels; filaments to two-
thirds connate; connective broadly ovoid (instead of globose),
little longer than the cells; drupes 2.5 cm. long, 2-2.5 cm. in diam-
eter.— Description after a cultivated specimen from the garden in
Palermo, possibly a variety (Niedenzu). The leaf margins are
crumpled, the acumination sharp except in the Poeppig specimens,
which may be B. Hookeriana. Trunk straight, round, slender, the
pale bark with many anastomosing fissures; shrub or small tree
often cultivated for its red fruit (Williams). F.M. Neg. 32418
(Poeppig}.
Loreto: Yurimaguas, (Poeppig 2315, fide Niedenzu); Williams
5007. Mishuyacu, King 925. Iquitos, Williams 1427. Caballo
Cocha, Williams 2127. Lower Rio Nanay, Wittiams 404- "Ciruela
japonesa" (Klug), "oreja de buro," "ciruela de la china."
Bunchosia glandulosa (Cav.) DC. Prodr. 1: 581. 1824; 665.
Malpighia glandulosa Cav. Diss. 8: 411. pi. 239. 1789.
Similar to the related B. armeniaca, but the ovary glabrous and
the apparently always connate styles about twice as long, instead
of scarcely longer; branches densely tuberculate with orbicular
lenticels; petioles slender, 5-15 mm. long; leaves often lanceolate,
acute at base, 3-11 cm. long, 1-3.25 cm. wide, often membranous,
adult glabrous, biglandular beneath at base or above; racemes
4-16-flowered to 5 cm. long, pedicels 4-9 mm. long; flowers 10-12
mm. broad, whitish, the sepals oblong; drupes about half as large.—
The Peruvian specimen (not seen by me) is forma latifolia Ndz.,
the leaves obtuse or obtusely acuminate, 8-11 cm. long, 3.5-5 cm.
wide; I doubt if it really belongs here. The authority "(Cav.)
Rich." is not justified, since Jussieu, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris
18: 481. 1811, while establishing the generic name for Richard, listed
the species under Malpighia.
Rio Acre: Seringal San Francisco, ( Ule 9476). Yucatan; West
Indies.
Bunchosia Hookeriana Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. se>. 2. 13: 324.
1840; 662.
Older discolored branches rather prominently lenticellate;
stipules 1-1.5 mm. long, petioles canaliculate above, 5-10 mm. long;
FLORA OF PERU 859
leaves broadly ovate, elliptic or obovate, abruptly narrowed at base,
acuminate or obtuse, to 15 cm. long, 10 cm. wide, revolute margined,
coriaceous, the adult green and glabrate both sides or under a lens
minutely and sparsely pubescent with soft trichomes, metallic be-
neath, the 4-5 primary nerves prominent both sides, anastomotic-
reticulate, with two gland-like spots at midnerve more or less
near base beneath and a few much smaller glands at the margins;
racemes to 6 cm. long, common peduncle 2-3 cm. long, floriferous
2 mm. long, pedicels 3 mm. long (or in fruit 5 mm.), subulate bracts
1.5-2 mm. long, ovate-acute bractlets 1 mm. long; flowers scarcely
1.25 cm. broad, the linear-oblong calyx glands apparently eight, the
ovate segments little puberulent, ciliate; petals of B. Lindeniana but
smaller; anther connective brown; ovary sericeous/ 2-celled, the
drupe 12 mm. long, 9-12 mm. in diameter. — Determinations mostly
by Morton; some of the material doubtful, as insect eaten or incom-
plete; could be B. armeniaca. B. argentea (Jacq.) DC. would be
sought here and is marked by leaves very sericeous beneath. F.M.
Neg. 23017.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4542, type; Ule 6532; (Maihews);
Williams 5443; 6068; 6222; 6739. Lamas, Williams 6436. San
Roque, Williams 7328. Pongo de Cainarachi, Klug 2759. Juanjui,
King 3770. — Loreto: Yurimaguas, Williams 3913; Killip & Smith
28122; 28124; 28359; 282301 Puerto Arturo, Killip & Smith 27768;
27778. Santa Rosa, Killip & Smith 28884. San Ramon, Williams
4568. "Sacha-Ynoan" (Williams).
Runchosia lanceolata Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 36: 582.
1863; 653.
Becoming a small tree, the younger parts sparsely sericeous, the
branches ashy-brown with a few orbicular or oval lenticels; stipules
linear-lanceolate, 2-4 mm. long, the subglabrate petioles 6-10 mm.
long; leaves elliptic or lanceolate-oblong, acute or obtuse at base,
acuminate, 6-20 cm. long, 2-4.5(8) cm. wide, revolute, the adult
glabrous or essentially, green, rather lustrous, coriaceous, with two
nerves beneath above the base and the five primary nerves axillary
reticulate, prominent; racemes finally subglabrate, 12-18-flowered,
4-6 cm. long, the common peduncle 1.5-2 cm. long, the floriferous
1.5-3 mm. long; pedicels 4-5 mm. long; bracts linear or nearly 2-6
mm. long, the ovate bractlets 1-2 mm. long; flowers 1.75 cm. wide,
the ciliate ovate sepals puberulent without, the yellowish ovate-
obovate subequal petals lacerate-dentate, the fifth (at least) glan-
dular; filaments to one-third connate; anthers subglobose, nearly
860 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
1 mm. long; ovary sericeous; drupe compressed-spheroid to 16 mm.
long, 1.5-2 cm. in diameter. — Related species included, glandulifera
(Jacq.) HBK., 651, and B. cornifolia HBK., 652, with pubescent
leaves and submarginal glands, the latter possibly a narrow-leaved
variant of the former. The Peruvian plant is forma leiocarpa Ndz.
Bol. Mus. Hist. Nat. Lima 5: 328. 1941.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, (Raimondi, det. Niedenzu). Bolivia
to Mexico.
Bunchosia Lindeniana Juss. Arch. Mus. Paris 3: 335. 1843;
661.
Younger parts yellowish or ashy appressed sericeous, the brown
branches with orbicular lenticels; stipules 1 mm. long; petioles sub-
glabrate, 5-11 mm. long; leaves ovate-elliptic or -oblong, acute at
base, mostly acuminate, to 14 cm. long, nearly half as wide, undu-
lately revolute-margined, more or less coriaceous, in age glabrate
above, puberulent beneath, the midnerve and 6-7 primary nerves
prominent, the two glands opposite above the base, sometimes ob-
solete or obscure; racemes 3-7 cm. long, common peduncles 1.5-3
cm. long, the floriferous 2-3 mm. long, pedicels twice as long; bracts
ovate-lanceolate, the lower to 3.5 mm. long, upper scarcely 2 mm.
long, the ovate acute bractlets 1 mm. long; flowers to 15 mm. broad,
the glandular sepals broadly ovate, the whitish petals with cordate-
ovate limbs basally or in the fifth completely glandular-dentate;
stamens exserted medially connate, the anther cells at base of con-
nectives purplish; ovary 2- or 3-celled, densely sericeous, the connate
styles with peltate stigmas; drupe spheroid, more than 1 cm. in
diameter. — The Peruvian plant det. Niedenzu as var. boliviensis
Ndz. has leaves obscurely if at all glandular, ovary 2-celled, drupes
1- or 2-celled, but this Raimondi specimen has yellow flowers and
it might rather be referable to B. angustifolia! However, the species
itself may be found to be a part, properly, of B. Hookeriana. Said
to attain 15 meters or more.
Junin: Huancamayo, Raimondi. Mexico; Bolivia. "Quitayerba
Santa" (Raimondi).
Bunchosia maritima (Veil.) Macbr., comb. nov. Malpighia
maritima Veil. Fl. Flum. Icon. 4. pi. 173. 1827. Text 194. 1825.
B. fluminensis Griseb. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 12, pt. 1: 31. 1858; 659.
Branchlets and leaves beneath puberulent, the glabrate branches
brownish-canescent at the dilated nodes and a little scabrous, with
FLORA OF PERU 861
oblong lenticels; stipules lanceolate, connivent, 1-1.5 mm. long;
petioles sericeous, 5-11 mm. long; leaves oblong- or ovate-lanceolate,
mostly rounded at base, usually acuminate, to 22 cm. long, 8 cm.
wide, revolute, chartaceous, green both sides, glabrate above the
midnerve and 6-8 primary nerves, rather prominent and laxly
reticulate beneath, with two impressed glands about 2 cm. above the
base at the margins; racemes many-flowered, 3-8 cm. long, the com-
mon peduncle 2-4 cm. long, the floriferous scarcely 1 mm. long;
pedicels 4-6 mm. long; bracts ovate, 1.5-2 mm. long, bractlets
abruptly acuminate, scarcely 1 mm. long, with two scutellate lateral
glands or these more or less merged; flowers 15-17 mm. broad, the
ovate acutish sepals medially pubescent and ciliate, the glands
oblong, all the yellow petals glandular ciliate and all around; stamens
well-exserted, filaments one-half to two-thirds connate; ovary 3-
celled, glabrous, or a little sericeous, the distinct styles 2 or 3,
capitellate; drupes usually biocellate, 10-12 mm. long, 8-13(16) mm.
in diameter. — Said to attain 15 meters. According to Niedenzu
there is a connate-styled form. Illustrated, Pflanzenreich, I.e. page
650 (flower and drupe).
Peru (probably). Colombia to southern Brazil.
Bunchosia media (Ait.) DC. Prodr. 1: 581. 1824; 654. Mal-
pighia media Ait. Hort. Kew ed. 2. 3: 103. 1811.
Rather similar to B. lanceolata but more pubescent, the leaves
glabrate even at maturity and usually narrower, cuneate at base,
shortly and obtusely acuminate, to 11 cm. long, 4 cm. wide, the
two glands beneath 1-2 cm. above the base; stipules 1 mm. long;
pedicels 5-7 mm. long; flowers to 15 mm. wide, the sepals oblong,
with ten distinct glands, the whitish or yellowish petals with orbicular
limb; anthers ovoid, less than 1 mm. long; ovary glabrous, 3(2)-
celled. — The Peruvian specimen by Mathews is forma bicarpellaris
Ndz., the ovary 2-celled; it seems probable, in view of range, that
it is referable toB. angustifolia, at least sens. Niedenzu. F.M. Neg.
24224 (the forma).
Peru: Locality not given, (Mathews 81 24). Central America;
West Indies; Brazil (Cutt.).
13. DICELLA Griseb.
Deciduously appressed canescent or lutescent sericeous liana or
the indument of the panicles often aurescent and always extending
to the obovate petals without, the sepals enlarged after anthesis.
862 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Floriferous peduncles articulate above the middle and bibracteolate.
Ovary usually bicarpellate, sericeous, the nut by abortion 1-celled,
1-seeded. Styles short, straight, obliquely dilated toward the tip,
the stigma on the interior angle.
Dicella macroptera [Mart.] Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. se'r. 2. 13:
323. 1840; 676. Thryallis macroptera Mart. Flora 24: Beibl. 2: 104.
1841.
Branches finally glabrate, 3 mm. thick; petioles sericeous, flexuose,
1-1.5 cm. long; leaves ovate or lanceolate-ovate, more or less cordate
at base, obtuse or acutish-acuminate, to 1.5 dm. long, 8 cm. wide,
little revolute and with many evanescent glands, coriaceous or
chartaceous, adult glabrous, lustrous above, concolor, opaque be-
neath, densely reticulate, all the nerves rather prominent above,
the 6-8 primary very conspicuous beneath; common peduncle 1.5-
3(5) cm. long, flowering 4-8 mm. long, pedicels (1)1.5-2 cm. long;
bracts and bractlets oblanceolate, erect-spreading, subplane, the
former to 11 mm. long, the latter to 8 mm. long, half as wide, many
glands at lower margins; sepals glabrous and lustrous, unequal, the
two twice as large ones to 4 cm. long, 1.5 cm. wide; nutlet typically
sericeous, costate, to 11 mm. long, 15 mm. thick. — The Peruvian
specimen has glabrate nutlets more strongly ridged-angled. Flowers
not known. A shrub or tree, the branches dependent over a cliff;
bracts bright green (Killip & Smith). F.M. Neg. 12837.
Junin: Along Rio Perene", Killip & Smith 25241. Brazil.
14. BYRSONIMA Rich, ex Juss.
Shrubs, rarely trees, with entire leaves and terminal, usually
simple and many-flowered racemes, the floriferous peduncles short
or obsolete, the pedicels more or less stiped, mostly subsessile.
Stipules interpetiolar, often connate. Petioles ordinarily short and
stout. Sepals commonly biglandular. Petals long-clawed, the claw
of only one straight, yellow, cordate or reniform-orbicular, subentire,
subequal. Torus densely hirsute, the filaments scarcely connate,
the anthers glabrous or pilose. Styles subulate, straight or early
curved at tip. Drupe pulp thin. — The name refers to the use of
some species for tanning. For B. nitida (R. & P.) G. Don see Bun-
chosia armeniaca.
The related Diacidia galphimioides Griseb., 763, northern Amazon-
ian, could occur and would be distinguished by the large bracts and
bractlets (6-8 mm. long) and bicornute, basally barbate anthers;
FLORA OF PERU 863
otherwise like Byrsonima. For the recently segregated Alcocerato-
thrix Ndz., likewise to be expected within Peru, see B. stipulina.
Besides the following there is a collection noteworthy but too
immature for description: Klug 2233, Florida, Lore to with Huitoto
name "Veropeco-ey" ; it was distributed as B. spicata (B. coriacea
var. spicata) but nerves few as in B. crassifolia and B. Poeppigiana;
however, the leaves are appressed sericeous beneath.
Anther cells appendaged or shorter than conspicuous connective;
leaves glabrous or with a few minute trichomes.
Stipules one cm. long or longer; uppermost leaves subsessile.
B. stipulina.
Stipules at most a few mm. long; the leaves often petioled.
Leaves subsessile, mostly subrotund; anther cells and connec-
tive obtuse, the former pubescent apically .B. coccolobifolia.
Leaves distinctly ovate or ovate-lanceolate, petioled.
Anthers linear, aristate, pubescent; leaves epunctate.
B. fluminensis.
Anthers with conoid appendage, glabrous; leaves punctulate
and opaque beneath B. densa.
Anther cells and inconspicuous connective subequal; leaves some-
times glabrous at maturity.
Lateral leaf nerves many, mostly or all less than 5 mm. distant;
leaves usually oblong- or elliptic-lanceolate and ordinarily
obviously pubescent at least near or on nerves beneath, even
in age; anthers usually glabrous.
Leaves persistently or typically evenly pubescent beneath.
B. sericea, B. chrysophylla.
Leaves deciduously pubescent beneath, usually unevenly.
B. coriacea.
Lateral leaf nerves usually fewer than 12 and many if not all at
least about 8 mm. distant; anthers pubescent unless in
B. laxiflora.
Pedicels sessile; bracts and bractlets caducous, nearly glabrous
within; anthers pubescent, cells about parallel. B. crassifolia.
Pedicels mostly or all more or less peduncled; bracts as bractlets
tardily deciduous; anthers pubescent unless in B. laxiflora.
Anthers pubescent, the cells divergent; leaves often obovate
and about one-half as wide as long.
864 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Leaves finally glabrous, the nerves rather more prominent
above than beneath; ovary glabrous (type).
B. arthropoda.
Leaves more or less pubescent, the nerves more prominent
beneath than above; ovary sericeous. . .B. Poeppigiana.
Anthers glabrous, the cells described as parallel; leaves gla-
brous or nearly, often oblong-elliptic, about one-third as
wide as long B. laxiflora.
Byrsonima arthropoda Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. s4r. 2. 13: 335.
1840; 713.
Tree, the usual early pubescence of two forms of more or less
reddish trichomes and dense, the branches and mature leaves
glabrous; stipules confluent at base; petioles 1-2 cm. long; leaves
somewhat oblanceolate-obovate, obliquely acute, narrowed at base
and decurrent, to 16 cm. long, 8 cm. wide, often smaller, chartaceous,
a little lustrous above, paler beneath, drying dark, the 9-10 parallel
nerves as the reticulation prominent especially above; racemes
many-flowered, 6-10 cm. long, peduncles 2 cm. long, floriferous
bibracteolate below the apex, 1-2 mm. long, pedicels 6-7 mm. long,
bracts recurved, linear-lanceolate, 2-3 mm. long, the bractlets ovate,
1 mm. long; flowers 1.5 cm. broad, yellow or orange, the sepals
puberulent, the petals cordate; filaments densely hirsute, the oblong
anthers pilose with divergent cells and enlarged connective; originally
described as glabrous, but according to Niedenzu sericeous at tip.—
Tree several to 25 meters tall; Williams 5157 has fruits about 1.5 cm.
thick. F.M. Neg. 12864.
San Martin: Chazuta, Klug 4003 (det. Standley, B. fluminensis)-
— Loreto: Near Yurimaguas, Poeppig 2214, type; Williams 5157-
Balsapuerto, Klug 2919; 2993 (both det. Standley, B. fluminensis).
Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 218 (det. Morton). High wood near
Camaria, Tessmann 3327. Yarina Cocha, Tessmann 3480. Soledad,
Tessmann 5295. Brazil. "Runo-caspi."
Byrsonima chrysophylla HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 150.
1822; 704. B. peruviana Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. se>. 2. 13: 333. 1840,
fide Ndz. B. peruviana Juss. var. eglandulosum Juss. I.e.
With the general characters of B. coriacea, but the leaves as all
the younger parts densely tomentose with crisped early reddish
trichomes that persist, especially on the leaves beneath; leaves
about oblong, decurrent at base, typically long-acuminate, 6-15 cm.
FLORA OF PERU 865
long, 2.5-5.5 cm. wide; petioles 5-15 mm. long; stipules to 3 mm. long;
ovary glabrous or a little sericeous at tip; calyx typically glandular,
sometimes eglandular (forma Kunthiana Ndz.). — Type from San
Carlos del Rio Negro, Venezuela; Standley maybe rightly referred
all the following to B. spicata (see B. coriacea). F.M. Neg. 24232.
San Martin: Near Moyobamba, Mathews 1460 (type, B. peru-
viana); and at 860 meters, Weberbauer 4522a; 4507; 290. Zepelacio,
Klug 3253. Lamas, Williams 6430. Tarapoto, Williams 5381;
5805; 6677. Rioja, Woytkowski 18. Brazil; Venezuela. "Quilla
Sisa," "indano," "yndano."
Byrsonima coccolobifolia HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 148.
1822; 749.
Shrub or small tree soon glabrous or glabrate except the pedicels,
these reddish-sericeous as the branchlet tips and new leaves; stipules
2-3 mm. long, the petioles only 0.5-1.5 mm. long; leaves ovate,
roundish or obovate, more or less cordate at base, to 15 cm. long,
7-10 cm. wide, often emarginate, plane, coriaceous, nervose; racemes
to 1.5 dm. long, peduncles to 4 cm., pedicels 6-9 mm. long; bracts
and bractlets lanceolate-ovate, the former 2-3.5 mm., the latter
1-1.5 mm. long; flowers to 14 mm. broad, the apically recurving
sepals glabrous without, pilose within; petals white to deep rose
(Sand with), the claws of all straight; anther cells strigose, linear,
the connective appendage one-third to one-half as long; ovary gla-
brous; drupes globose, cusped, to 8 mm. thick. — B. rotunda Griseb.,
751, of Brazil, to which at one time Weberbauer 4596 was referred,
is apparently a form differing chiefly in the persistently puberulent
leaves, especially beneath, that are obtuse or even decurrent at base.
Illustrated, Pflanzenreich, I.e. page 758. F.M. Neg. 37496.
San Martin : Grassy cliffs on the Mount Morro near Moyobamba,
Weberbauer 4596; 290. Paraguay to Colombia and the West Indies.
Byrsonima coriacea (Sw.) DC. Prodr. 1: 580. 1824; 699.
Malpighia coriacea Swartz, Prodr. 74. 1788.
Tree, sometimes about 40 meters high, the branchlet tips and
many-flowered racemes as the new leaves densely sericeous with
rusty or reddish appressed trichomes; stipules broadly ovate, 1.5-
2.5 mm. long; petioles usually 4-11 mm. long; leaves narrowed at
base, typically lanceolate, usually elliptic- or oblong-lanceolate,
often rather long-acuminate, 3-18 cm. long, 1-5.5 cm. wide, little
revolute, typically coriaceous, in Peru chartaceous, adult glabrous
866 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
and lustrous above, more or less distinctly pinnate-nerved, in Peru
distinctly, the nerves very many; common peduncles 1-3 cm. long,
floriferous mostly none, pedicels 7-15 mm. long; bracts and bract-
lets mostly ovate, persisting, straight or nearly, acute, the former
about 2 mm. long, the latter 0.5-1 mm. long; flowers about 1.5 cm.
wide, the ovate sepals obtusely acuminate and recurved at tip, the
orange or deep yellow petals with reniform-concave limb, much
recurved claw; anthers linear-oblong, glabrous or slightly sericeous,
the cells and connective subequal; ovary glabrous or sericeous
apically; drupes globose, to 1.25 cm. in diameter, the bony seeds
verrucose. — The Peruvian plant is var. spicata (Cav.) Ndz. (also
in the West Indies?), the oblong- or elliptic-lanceolate chartaceous
leaves with many distinctly pinnate nerves; cf. the too similar
B. crassifolia with which it probably hybridizes (Sandwith, Kew
Bull. 314. 1935). Cf. also B. lancifolia Juss. under B. sericea, to
which, if distinct, some material could be referred. The bark,
according to Raimondi, is used in Puno in medicine, probably as
B. crassifolia, and is known as "Chanchi." Illustrated, Pflanzen-
reich, I.e. page 9 (embryo) and page 697 (branchlet, flower).
Junin: La Merced, 5397. San Ramon, Kittip & Smith 24778;
24799; 24892; Seibert 2191. Hacienda Schunke, Schunke 76; 107;
311 ; 422; 424.— Loreto: Rio Mazan, Josi Schunke 114 (det. Standley).
—Puno: (Raimondi). Without locality, Ruiz & Pavdn. Tropical
South America; West Indies. "Chanchi."
Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 149.
1822; 718. Malpighia crassifolia L. Sp. PI. 426. 1753.
Shrub or small tree, the newer parts rather densely and reddish
or rusty puberulent, this indument sometimes persisting, especially
on the coriaceous, mostly elliptic or somewhat obovate leaves be-
neath; stipules ovate, 3-5 mm. long; petioles 5-15 mm. long; leaves
acute or somewhat obtuse at base, shortly and obtusely acuminate
or nearly obtuse, revolute, finally glabrate and lustrous above,
opaque and sometimes glabrate beneath where reticulate and promi-
nently nerved, the primary nerves 7-10; racemes elongate, often
somewhat composite, the peduncles 2-3.5 cm. long, the 2-3-flowered
floriferous to 4 mm. long, the pedicels 9-12 mm. long; bracts ovate,
2-3 mm. long, acuminate, caducous as the bractlets, these half as
long or narrower and 3-5(-7) mm. long; flowers yellow, 1.5-2 cm.
wide, the sepals ovate, the petal limb 5-7 by 7-9 mm., the claw
4-5 mm. long; stamens long-exserted, the torus trichomes nearly
FLORA OF PERU 867
as long as the filaments; anthers linear or oblong, the pilose cells
and connective about equal; ovary glabrous or somewhat sericeous;
drupes globose 5-7 (-12) mm. thick, the ligneous seeds minutely
verrucose or costate. — Larger leaves to 2 dm. long, 1.5 dm. wide,
soon plane above, more or less glabrate beneath in the typical
form; in var. peruviana Ndz. leaves lanceolate, acuminate to 1.5 dm.
long, 4.5 cm. wide, the ovary hirsute. Jussieu himself in 1843 wrote
B. crassifolia (L.) HBK., not (L.) Rich, as by some authorities; in
Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 18: 481. 1811, he established the genus
name for Richard but listed the species under the name Malpighia.
A. C. Smith found the bark pounded to a pulp and used as a poultice
in British Guiana; cf. note under B. coriacea. It is possible that
the Weberbauer specimen and the Raimondi one, both from Puno,
are really the same, in spite of the fact that both were determined
by the monographer himself.
Puno: Between Sandia and Chunchusmayo, 1,800 meters, (Weber-
bauer 1107, type, the var.); 278. To Mexico and the West Indies.
Byrsonima densa (Poir.) DC. Prodr. 1: 580. 1824; 744. Mal-
pighia densa Poir. Encycl. Suppl. 4: 7. 1816. B. amazonica Griseb.
in Mart. Fl. Bras. 12, pt. 1: 14. 1858, fide Kostermans.
Shrub or tree essentially glabrous except for the new tips and
stipular trichomes that may persist, the stipules connate at base,
1 mm. long; petioles a little margined, 4-10 mm. long; leaves oblong
or oblanceolate, cuneate at base, typically obliquely and obtusely
short-acuminate, 5-12(15) cm. long, 2-4.5(6) cm. wide, chartaceous,
revolute, green and smooth between the 8-10 primary nerves above,
more or less opaque or glaucous-green beneath; racemes simple,
5-10 cm. long, dense, the peduncle 1.5 to 3 cm. long, the crowded
slender pedicels 7-10 mm. long; bracts and bractlets ovate, rounded,
obtuse, 1-1.5 mm. long; flowers fragrant, to 1 cm. wide, variously
colored; sepals ovate, with obovate glands; petal limb cochleate,
subentire or erose; stamens exserted, anthers elliptic, glabrous, with
a conspicuous obtuse conoid appendage about 1.25 mm. long; ovary
glabrous. — The B. amazonica var. lucidula (Huber) Ndz. has leaves
lustrous beneath and with acumen to 1 cm. long, the 5-6 primary
nerves little prominent. Tree to 30 meters (Krukoff). F.M. Negs.
12861; 24230; 24231 (var.).
San Martin: Rioja near Moyobamba, 800 meters, Weberbauer
4693; 290. Amazonian Brazil; Guiana.
868 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Byrsonima fluminensis Ndz. Arb. Bot. Inst. Lye. Brunsb. 1:
43. 1901; 756.
Glabrate except stipules, younger racemes and the growing
sericeous tips of the new branchlets; stipules ovate, connate, 1.5 mm.
long or the upper subulate and longer, the inner trichomes often
persisting; petioles slender, terete, 1-1.5 cm. long; leaves elliptic-
lanceolate or oblong, acute both ends or acuminate at apex, charta-
ceous, lustrous above, paler beneath, plane, to 14 cm. long, 4.5 cm.
wide, subpinnately nerved, the (6)10-13 primary nerves but slightly
more prominent than the others; racemes about 20-flowered with
peduncle to 2 cm. long, the sessile pedicels 5-10 mm. long, the rounded
bracts and bractlets typically scarcely 1 mm. long; flowers 12-15
mm. wide, the ovate sepals with oblanceolate glands, the limb of
the clawed petals 5-6 mm. long, said to be yellow but in Peru roseate
with yellow filaments; anthers linear, the hirsutulous cells nearly
bicornute with setae longer than the thick connective; ovary glabrous
unless for a few trichomes. — To 25 meters high, the bark with coarse
shallow fissures (Williams). The Peruvian material is not typical
but too many species have been proposed on differences doubtfully
constant, as variations in bracts, anther appendages and connec-
tive; the species thus, among others, is similar to B. japurensis
(Mart.) Juss., page 755 and B. laevigata (Poir.) DC., page 756 with
subequal anther appendages and connective, the leaves of the former
species puberulent; there is a general resemblance to B. arthropoda
with pubescent but earistate anthers. F.M. Neg. 12875.
Lore to: Flooded forest near Iquitos, (Tessmann 3656; 5200).
Mishuyacu, Klug 1542; 2519 (det. Standley, Burdachia prismato-
carpa). Caballo Cocha, Williams 2348; 2500. La Victoria, Williams
299 (distr. asB. coriacea). Brazil. "Murushi," "muricy."
Byrsonima laxiflora Griseb. Linnaea 13: 256. 1839; 696.
Tree, sometimes 10 meters high, the younger parts sparsely rusty
sericeous; stipules 1.5- nearly 3 mm. long; petioles slender, 1-2 cm.
long; leaves elliptic, oblong or lanceolate, very acute at base, acute
or acuminate, 4-14 cm. long, 1-6.6 cm. wide, revolute, chartaceous-
coriaceous, finally glabrous, concolored, more or less pinnately
nerved, the 8-12 rather straight primary nerves moderately promi-
nent both sides; racemes puberulent, 4-8 cm. long, 20-40-flowered,
the common peduncles 1-2 cm. long, floriferous 1.2-3.5 mm. long,
pedicels 8-13 mm. long; bracts sericeous, lanceolate or linear, some-
times curved at tip 2-4 mm. long, the bractlets ovate, 1 mm. long
FLORA OF PERU 869
or slightly longer, both persisting; flowers 15-17 mm. wide, the ovate
sepals with obovoid glands; anthers linear-oblong, glabrous in type
or, according to Niedenzu, somewhat sericeous, the cells and connec-
tive subequal; ovary glabrous; drupe globose, red, 7-12 mm. in
diameter. — It seems probable that the Peruvian material placed
here by Niedenzu belonged rather to B. arthropoda, which according
to Grisebach in Mart. Fl. Bras. 12, pt. 1: 10. 1858 scarcely differs.
F.M. Neg. 12883.
Loreto: Flood-free forest at mouth of the Santiago, (Tessmann
4643). Flooded forest at San Isidro, (Tessmann 4947; 4947a).
Brazil. "Murici" (Tessmann).
Byrsonima Poeppigiana Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. se>. 2. 13: 335.
1840; 714.
Allied to B. arthropoda but the leaves more or less puberulent on
the nerves beneath where more prominent than above, the larger
there puberulent-pilose; leaves 8-16 cm. long, 3.5-8.5 cm. wide, pale
brown beneath and at least in the areoles puberulent; peduncles
2-3.5 cm. long, pedicels about 1 cm. long; bracts inclined to recurve,
3-5 mm. long, bractlets 1-3 mm. long; flowers 1.5-1.75 cm. wide;
ovary sericeous; drupes pyramidate-ovoid, to about 6 mm. long.—
Typically the indument is puberulent, the stipules are 4-6 mm. long,
the anthers 1.5-2 mm. long; the var. velutina Niedenzu has denser
pubescence, stipules 8-10 mm. long, anthers 2-3 mm. long. It
seems probable thatB. brachystachia DC. Prodr. 1: 581. 1824 (written
B. brachystachys and B. brachystachya by Niedenzu), is an earlier
name for this species, the description as amplified by Jussieu not
disclosing any significant difference. The monographer observed
that it is transitional to the genus Alcoceratothrix Ndz., since like
that the leaves are areolate, stipules long; Sandwith, Kew Bull. 311.
1935, has by implication restored A. stipulacea (Juss.) Ndz. to
Byrsonima. F.M. Neg. 24236 (var.).
Loreto: Flood-free high wood, Yarina Cocha, (Tessmann 3450,
var.). Near Iquitos, (Tessmann 5063). Mishuyacu, King 607; 692
(both det. Morton). Iquitos, Williams 8076. Bolivia; Brazil;
British Guiana. "Chupicana."
Byrsonima sericea DC. Prodr. 1: 580. 1824; 701.
Shrub or small tree resembling B. coriacea but the leaves persist-
ently more or less sericeous beneath; petioles slender, 1-8 mm. long;
leaves more or less decurrent at the narrowed base; pedicels 5-8 mm.
870 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
long; bracts and bractlets subequal, sepals often eglandular. — B.
lancifolia Juss., 703, of Brazil has leaves rather oblanceolate or some-
what obovate, ashy or metallic lustrous beneath, the bracts about
twice as long as the bractlets.
The type, from Brazil, is probably, sens, lat., a part of B. chryso-
phylla and neither form, perhaps, is a stabilized entity.
Peru (fide notes but spec, not cited). Brazil; British Guiana.
Byrsonima stipulina Macbr., sp. nov.
Arbor 6 m. alta; ramulis ignotis; pilis bifurcis; stipulis bracteisque
lanceolatis et late ovatis acutis 1.5 cm. et 1 cm. longis, dense rufo-
strigosis; petiolis crassis 5 mm. longis; foliis ellipticis basin versus
gradatim angustatis apice subabrupte breviterque acuminatis sub-
coriaceis supra nitidulis obscure puberulentis subtus minutissime
puberulentis, nervis lateralibus (utrinque circa 17) supra paullo
notatis subtus conspicuis, secondariis indistincte inter se parallelis;
racemis 3 dm. longis fere ad basin floriferis, pedicellis 5 mm. sepalis
vix 3 mm. longis ovato-rotundatis sericeis, glandulas circa 2 mm.
longas; bracteolis suborbicularis 1 mm. longis intus glabratis;
floribus circa 1 cm. diam.; petalis pallido-purpureis, 4 exteriorum
limbo profunde cavo 5-6 mm., quinti reniformi irregulariter dentato
circa 3 mm. longo; pili tori filamenta subequantes; connectivi
appendicula obtusa loculos conspicue superante.
W. H. Wagner, Jr., graduate student, University of California,
kindly dissected one of the two available flowers, preserving it in a
slide which, with his sketches, is filed with the type and I record
my appreciation of his careful work so generously contributed. The
plant simulates B. stipulacea Juss., 762 (Alcoceratothrix Ndz.), in
its subsessile leaves and conspicuous stipules (only one is on the tip
of the flowering branch that constitutes the type). However, no
trichomes have been found other than the subsessile, simply biforked
ones characteristic of all species except B. stipulacea. Sandwith's
suggestion, Kew Bull. 311. 1935, for the retention of the latter in
Byrsonima seems to be correct in view of the discovery of this
apparently intermediate species.
The rather recent death of the collector of this interesting plant
is recorded with regret. Mr. G. Klug was an enthusiastic collector
and able observer for many years near Iquitos; appropriately his
name was given to a number of species discovered by him and, re-
markably, in a region relatively well known.
FLORA OF PERU 871
Loreto: Mishuyacu near Iquitos, Klug 1041 (type, U. S. Nat.
Herb, with two sketches and slide prepared by W. H. Wagner, Jr.).
15. BURDACHIA [Mart.] Juss.
Trees with large chartaceous or coriaceous leaves, the flowers
borne in (l-)3 racemes at the tips of the crowded branchlets. Bracts
and bractlets short, broad and somewhat amplexicaul, each usually
with a large orbicular gland. Petals 5, four with long slender strongly
recurved claws and cochleate incurved blades, the fifth spreading,
less recurved, the blade smaller, nearly plane and with stoutly stiped
glands all around the margin. Stamens glabrous, the filaments
dilated below where coalescent, the connectives enlarged. Styles 3,
incurved before anthesis, apically uncinate, only one seed developing
in the somewhat acute nut. — A similar Amazonian shrub or tree
has been named Glandonia macrocarpa (Benth.) Griseb., 767, charac-
terized by rigid linear caducous stipules, sericeous filaments, fifth
petal glandular toward base, nut cylindric, apically umbilicate.
Burdachia prismatocarpa Mart, ex Juss. Arch. Mus. Paris 3:
311. 1843; 766.
Branchlet tips rusty sericeous but soon glabrate as the stout
petioles, these 1-2 cm. long, and the coriaceous persisting intra-
petioler stipules, these sometimes glabrate, 5-10 mm. long; leaves
ovate or oval, rounded or obtuse at both ends, usually dull and
nearly glabrous both sides or in one form regularly but sparsely
pruinose-pulverulent beneath, always coriaceous and with the 6-10
or more lateral nerves often so prominent beneath that they are
ribiform; peduncles 1-3 dm. long, the glabrate to sericeous racemes
mostly in 3's and ordinarily about a dm. long; pedicels 6-13 mm.
long with very broad-based acuminate bracts and bractlets; flowers
rose-colored, over a cm. wide, 4 petals concave, the fifth plane and
coarsely gland-margined; anthers 2-3 mm. long with broader ob-
liquely oblong connective exceeding the cells by about 1 mm.;
nut opaque, pyramidal or conoid, finally minutely trivalvate at tip,
about 1 cm. long, nearly as broad at base. — A number of variations,
particularly in shape of leaves, length of petioles (1-1.5 cm.) and
even shape of nuts (as var. sphaerocarpa Ndz.), have been named.
Illustrated, Pflanzenreich, I.e. pages 15 (fruit) and 764. F.M
Neg. 12858.
Loreto: A 5 meter tree at Mishuyacu near Iquitos, Klug 429.
Brazil.
872 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
VOCHYSIACEAE [St. Hil.] Mart.
Trees or shrubs, often large and somewhat turgid with resinous
sap, often with opposite or verticillate branchlets and leaves, the
latter shortly petioled, entire, coriaceous. Stipules none or small or
reduced to glands. Flowers usually showy, irregular, hermaphrodite,
racemose, paniculate or thyrsoid on articulate, usually bracted
pedicels. Sepals 5, free or nearly, rarely adnate to the 1-3-celled
ovary, the outer two ordinarily very small, the two anterior some-
what larger, the posterior usually much larger and spurred or
gibbous at base. Petals 1, 3 or rarely 5, hypogynous or inserted at
summit of calyx, clawed, obcordate, convolute in bud. Stamen
inserted with the petal (s), mostly only one fertile, anther oblong,
connective enlarged. Style simple, subulate, filiform or attenuate
from base, stigma capitate, truncate or oblique, nearly or quite
entire. Ovules axile, collateral or more or less biseriate. Fruits
commonly capsular, 3-valved or samaroid, the seeds often winged,
endosperm absent.
Petal 1; anther hastate-lanceolate, oblong-cordate or oblong.
Fruit samaroid; ovary 1-celled, biovuled; sepals adnate, persisting,
excrescent 1. Erisma.
Fruit capsular; ovary 3-celled, several-ovuled; sepals free.
2. Qualea.
Petals 1-3, rarely lacking; anther elongate; ovary 3-celled, ovules
2 per cell, pendulous; posterior sepal large, often spurred.
3. Vochysia.
I. ERISMA Rudge
Large trees with terete branchlets, opposite leaves, membranous
stipules, sometimes persisting, and small or rather large violet
reddish or yellow flowers disposed in axillary and terminal panicles,
the pedicels (sometimes obsolete) bracted at base. Sepals adnate
to ovary, persisting, excrescent, the two lateral and anterior smaller.
Fertile stamen 1, staminodia 3-4 or none. Ovary 1-celled, included
in sepals or free above, often villous within, style filiform, stigma
capitate, ovules two at base of cell or affixed to short column. Fruit
capsular, indehiscent, usually compressed and with a falcate reticu-
late coriaceous wing.
Spur nearly straight or somewhat incurved; fruits not winged in
E. calcaratum.
FLORA OF PERU 873
Leaves 2-4 cm. wide; spur slender, straight; flowers orange; bracts
small, caducous E. Tessmannii.
Leaves mostly or all wider; spur rather stout, somewhat curved.
Leaves usually rounded-cordulate at base; flowers blue; bracts
small, caducous E. cakaratum.
Leaves acute at base; flowers lemon yellow; bracts large,
persisting E. bracteosum.
Spur strongly curved; flowers blue; fruits winged E. uncinatum.
Erisma bracteosum Ducke, Bull. Mus. Paris, seY. 2. 4: 740.
1932; Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 6: 48. 1933.
Glabrous except the ashy tomentulose panicles; branchlets often
exfoliating; petioles 5-10 mm. long or little longer, opposite, stout,
sulcate; leaves mostly elliptic-oblong, acute at base, very shortly
and obtusely acuminate and mucronulate or retuse, 8-16 cm. long,
nearly 5 cm. wide, thin-coriaceous, little lustrous, glaucous above,
pale or brunescent beneath, the midnerve and 8-10 laterals (these
united before the margin) slightly impressed above, prominent be-
neath as, to a less extent, the reticulate venation; panicle terminal,
yellowish white, often 5 cm. long, the flattened branches ashy tomen-
tulose and adorned with persisting orbicular minutely stellate
tomentulose bracts, subcordate at base, 8-13 mm. wide; flowers
fragrant, shortly pedicelled, the smallest sepals 3-4 mm. long, next
twice as long, the largest 10-12 mm. long, tomentulose without,
mostly glabrous within but white-lanose marginally, the spur about
6 mm. long, somewhat incurved; petals lemon color with rufous
spot, about 2 cm. long, obcordate, deeply emarginate, glabrous;
anther and ovary glabrous, the style pilose below.— E. laurifolium
(Spruce) Warm, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 2: 109, of northern Brazil
has acuminate leaves with 12-15 lateral nerves, pilose ovary,
glabrous(?), ex char., style. But the illustration, Warming, I.e.
pL 20, shows a pubescent style. This large tree has been collected,
according to Ducke, at Tabatinga, Brazil, on the Peruvian boundary.
Peru (undoubtedly). Amazonian Brazil.
Erisma calcaratum (Link) Warm, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 2:
111. 1875. Qualea calcarata Link, Jahrb. Gewachsk. 1, pt. 3: 24.
1820. E. violaceum Mart. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 137. pi. 82. 1826.
Glabrous except for the conspicuously cinereous often ample
inflorescences, particularly their ultimate branchlets or (and) calyces,
874 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
the crowded minute trichomes stellulate; stipules ovate-subulate,
to 3 mm. long, persisting at the annulately enlarged nodes, the
petioles 3-4 (-7) mm. long; leaves ovate or oblong-elliptic, usually
obtuse or rounded, often slightly cordate at base, more or less
abruptly shortly and obtusely but mucronulately acuminate, 1.5 dm.
long, less than half as wide, or proportionately larger or smaller,
coriaceous, lustrous at least above, the 6-12 arcuate lateral nerves
finally rather prominent both sides and anastomosing before the
margin; panicles with elongating compressed dark green (drying
dark) and glabrous peduncles, contrasting with the attractive gray
of the closely puberulent calyces, these about five together, subsessile
(pedicels 2 mm. long), the lower lobes 7-10 mm. long, the lateral
fifth acuminate; spur 3-5 mm. long, cylindric-conical; petals obovate-
obcordate, blue-violet; anther connective acute; style glabrous, the
stigma subcapitate. — Tree average size with abundant beautiful
violet-blue flowers in the dry season or beginning of winter, in flooded
woods (Ducke). The fruit, rather suggesting a pipe, according to
Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 4: 107, is 4-6 cm. long, 2-3 cm.
thick, ligneous, glabrous, with one seed 3-5 cm. long, 1.5-2 cm. thick,
known as "jaboty" and collected for industrial oil; the soft coarse
dirty white wood, however, is without value. Illustrated, Ducke,
I.e. pi. 13 (fruit).
Loreto: Mishuyacu near Iquitos, Klug 1541. Bolivia to Guiana.
Erisma Tessmannii Pilger, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 11: 295.
1931.
Younger branchlets as the immature leaves beneath and the
yellowish-brown sepals more or less stellulate-tomentulose; leaves
oblong-elliptic, rounded at base, shortly and obtusely acuminate,
6-8.5 cm. long, 2.2-4 cm. wide, coriaceous, somewhat lustrous and
pale above, brownish beneath, the midnerve there thick, the 8-10
laterals slender and arcuately joined toward the margin; panicle lax
to about 12 cm. long; bracts narrowly ovate, 3 mm. long, caducous,
the rotund bractlets 7 mm. long; outer sepal ovate or broader, 2-3
mm. long, the lanceolate inner 4-5 mm. long, excrescent, finally
broader and to 5 cm. long, the other deciduous, subrotund-obovate,
variously lobed, 4 mm. long; petals orange, obovate, to one-third
lobed, very shortly unguiculate at base, the lobes rounded; filament
stout, anther broadly lanceolate, obtuse, 2.5 mm. long. — Related
to£". floribunda Rudge, different at least as to description (Pilger).
F.M. Neg. 18230.
FLORA OF PERU 875
Loreto: Flood-free high wood, San Antonio above the mouth of
the Rio Santiago, Tessmann 4932, type.
Erisma uncinatum Warm, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 2: 110.
1875.
Superficially resembles E. calcaratum but with totally different
fruit (Ducke); leaves acute or cuneately acute at base; stipules
usually deciduous; spur strongly incurved; wing of the flattened
fruit firm and reticulate-veined. — There is a form with verticillate
leaves (Ducke); sometimes 50 meters high. Fruit wind-borne
according to Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 4: 106, who thinks
probably that the illustration of Baillon for E. violaceum Mart. (I.e.,
E. calcaratum) is rather the fruit of this species. F.M. Negs. 21955;
24308.
Peru (probably). Amazonian Brazil. "Quaruba" (Ducke).
2. QUALEAAublet
Resiniferous trees similar to Vochysia but sepals quite free, petal
always one, obovate or obcordate, fertile stamen one or two with
sometimes 1-4 clavate staminodia, ovary free, stigma obliquely
subcapitate, entire or obscurely 2-lobed, ovules several to many,
biseriate on central angle. Flowers often tricolored, yellow, white
and yellow, roseate or blue in lateral as well as terminal racemes or
panicles, or sometimes binate mostly in the axils; petioles biglandular
at base, opposite or verticillate.
Flowers mostly paniculate or inflorescence racemiform, few, solitary
in the upper axils; anther not basally barbate, sometimes pilose
in Q. paraensis; petals often tricolored.
Anther with broad, somewhat 2-lobed reflexed apical appendage;
petals variously tricolored.
Inflorescence densely but shortly rusty pilose; anther appendage
little lobed Q. gracilior.
Inflorescence merely puberulent; anther appendage bilobed.
Q. paraensis.
Anther not so appendaged; petals not tricolored unless in Q.
calantha.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 1-1.5(2) cm. wide; petals lilac.
Q. Tessmannii.
876 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Leaves elliptic, broader; petals yellow or yellow and white with
roseate base.
Spur lacking; petals tricolored Q. calantha.
Spur present; petals white or yellow.
Branchlet bark exfoliating; leaves tomentose beneath;
flowers white, 4-6 cm. long Q. grandiflora.
Branchlet bark persisting; leaves glabrous; flowers yellow,
3.5 cm. long Q. impexa.
Flowers mostly solitary or partly binate in leaf axils; anther barbate
below; petals white with yellow-orange spot Q. albiflora.
Qualea albiflora Warm, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 2: 36. 1875.
Q. glaberrima Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 1: 46. 1915, fide
Ducke.
Large tree, the ashy-colored bark of the stout trunk not at all
exfoliating, that of the glabrous branchlets broken into small scales,
the ferrugineous younger branchlets quadrate; petioles 5-7 mm.
long; leaves opposite, glabrous, rather rigid-coriaceous, somewhat
lustrous both sides, elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, acute at base,
mostly shortly and subabruptly acuminate, often mucronate, 5-7(8)
cm. long, 2.5-3(3.5) cm. wide, the midnerves yellowish-brown;
flowers solitary in the axils of ultimate more or less leafless branch-
lets; pedicels 5-6 mm. long, sparsely pulverulent; sepals ashy
sericeous within, fimbriate-margined, scarcely to 2 mm. long except
the posterior, this 8-15 mm. long, longitudinally plicate, nearly
carinate, the almost straight pendent spur 3-5 mm. long; petal
varying in size, at most 4 cm. long, 3.5 cm. wide, mostly smaller,
entire, white with yellow-orange spot; anther barbate below; ovary
sericeous, style glabrous, involute at tip. — After Ducke. To 35
meters high in non-inundated forests; known from Sao Paulo de
Olivenca and widely distributed. Illustrated, Ducke I.e. pi. 19
(flowers). F.M. Neg. 32434.
Peru (probably). Amazonian Brazil.
Qualea calantha Pilger, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 11: 297.
1931.
Glabrous except the minutely puberulent pedicels and also
ciliolate sepals; leaves elliptic, rounded at base, obtusely rather long
acuminate, 10-11 cm. long, 5 cm. wide, rigid-coriaceous, slightly
lustrous above, brown and dull beneath where the numerous nerves
and short veins are little prominent; panicle broad, moderately
FLORA OF PERU 877
dense, to 13 cm. long, the pedicels 7-10 mm. long; outer sepals
rounded, coriaceous, 8-10 mm. long, the fourth similar but 13-14 mm.
long, merely gibbous at base, not spurred; petal white, lemon color
medially, basally roseate where curved, deeply bilobed, 5.5 cm. long;
anther oblong, 8 mm. long, with short ovate tip; filaments 12 mm.
long. — Well-marked by the lack of spur but related to Q. Schomburgk-
iana Warm. (Pilger). A 20 meter tree on forested cliffs 30 meters
above the river. F.M. Neg. 18233.
Loreto: Pongo de Manseriche, Tessmann 4855, type.
Qualea gracilior Pilger, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 11: 296.
1931. Q. lancifolia Ducke, Archiv. Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio Jan. 2: 53.
1935, fide Ducke.
Much like Q. paraensis but branchlets nigrescent and rather long-
pilose with ashy trichomes; leaves fleshy, minutely pilose to glabrate
above, pilose beneath, obtuse at base, long-acuminate, the tip itself
obtuse or minutely apiculate, 7-11 cm. long, 20-32 mm. wide, not
complicate, the numerous parallel nerves very prominent, especially
beneath where also beautifully reticulate; panicle branches and
pedicels more or less brownish-red villous or the sepals sericeous;
flowers nearly inodorous, the white petals red and yellow spotted;
anther dorsally ciliolate, appendage only slightly bilobed. — Type a
30 meter tree that in shape of leaves resembles only the Amazonian
Q. amoena Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 197. 1922, but
more pubescent. F.M. Neg. 18234.
Loreto: Mouth of the Rio Santiago in flood-free woods, Tessmann
44^5, type. Amazonian Brazil.
Qualea grandiflora Mart. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 133. pi. 79. 1826.
Bark of branchlets exfoliating, usually pubescent; petioles 8-10
mm. long; leaves broadly oblong-elliptic, usually abruptly and acutely
acuminate, 10-20 cm. long, 5-9 cm. wide, ashy tomentose beneath
where the many rather prominent nerves anastomose nearly at
margin; cincinni solitary or few-flowered in leaf -axils or disposed in
a cylindric terminal inflorescence 1-1.5 dm. long; pedicels 1-1.5(2)
cm. long; bracts 8-9 mm. long, appressed ashy sericeous as the
calyces; buds ovoid, 1.5-2 cm. long; spur 2-2.5 cm. long, deflexed;
petal white with yellow base or yellow, to 6 cm. long, 4 cm. wide;
stamen glabrous; ovary pubescent; capsule on nodose pedicel,
ligneous, 6-8 cm. long, the seeds, including the terminal wing,
878 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
scarcely 4 cm. long. — A little tree with yellow flowers, Sao Paulo
de Olivenca to Paraguay (Ducke).
Peru (probably). Brazil to Bolivia and Paraguay.
Qualea impexa Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 67. 1931.
Glabrous except the more or less puberulent, but scarcely
sericeous, pedicels and calyces; branchlets apparently not exfoliating;
petioles slender, 1 cm. long; leaves elliptic, rounded at base, abruptly
caudate-acuminate, the obtuse acumen to 8 mm. long, flexile-
coriaceous, about 1 dm. long, 4.5 cm. wide, the nerves prominent
especially beneath and reticulately joined at the strongly undulate
margin; cincinni disposed in 1-few-flowered, densely paniculate
racemes; buds ovate-conical, subequaling the 1.5 cm. long pedicels;
keel dependent, elongate-obovoid, 7 mm. long, 3 mm. thick; petal
broadly obcordate, to 3.5 cm. long, shortly clawed, glabrous; anther
not at all barbate; ovary sericeous. — Type from a tree 24 meters
high with yellow flowers so congested that they appeared to be
snarled; perhaps resembles most Q. macropetala Spruce, ex Warm,
in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 2: 41, with flowers 5-6 cm. long.
Loreto: Mishuyacu near Iquitos, Klug 748, type.
Qualea paraensis Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 1: 48.
1915.
Glabrous except the canescent sericeous flowers or sparsely
puberulent pedicels; petioles opposite, 10-14 mm. long; leaves oblong
or oval, 6-11 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, broadly acute at base, rather
long-acuminate, more or less abruptly so, rigid-coriaceous, the
transverse nerves prominent both sides; racemes terminal and
upper-axillary, to 6 cm. long, the cincinni mostly 3-flowered; pedicels
5-8 mm. long; sepals all orbicular-oval, obtuse, the outer 12-18 mm.
long, two or three times longer than other, with spur only 3-4 mm.
long; petal white with a beautiful purple spot or band above the
base, yellowish along the midnerve, emarginate, to 4 cm. long, 5 cm.
wide; anther, in type, not bearded but dorsally slightly pilose;
filaments and style glabrous; ovary pale-hirsute; anther broad, the
two parallel cells separated by a broad connective, the sterile tip
enlarged, 2-lobed and reflexed on the dorsal side of the anther which
varies from glabrous to more or less bearded.— Similar is Q. amoena
Ducke, I.e. 3: 197 (Pilger, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 11: 296. 1931).
The Tessmann collection was from a tree 30 meters high, branched
at 15 meters. A great tree of virgin forest, frequent, Para to the
high Amazon, the petal tricolored and perfumed as in Q. acuminata
FLORA OF PERU 879
Spruce ex Warm, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 2: 40, but the red color
more clear, leaves subsessile, anther glabrous; Q. Schomburgkiana
Warm, has a short spur, anthers pilose (Ducke). Illustrated, Ducke,
I.e. pi. 16.
Loreto: In flood-free woods, mouth of the Santiago, Tessmann
4291 (det. Pilger). Brazil.
Qualea Tessmannii Mildbr. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9: 141.
1924.
Leafy branchlets minutely puberulent with some longer trichomes
intermixed, the older glabrous and densely lenticellate; petioles often
glandular at base, 2-3 mm. long; leaves mostly oblong-lanceolate,
obtuse at base, apex often more or less obviously acuminate but the
tip itself always obtuse, sometimes minutely emarginate, 4-6 cm.
long, 8-18 mm., usually 12-16 mm. wide, somewhat lustrous above
and glabrous except for the impressed midnerve, the many lateral
nerves and the marginal one prominent, glabrous beneath except
for some longer scattered trichomes and a puberulence, the reticula-
tion evident but not prominent; leaves progressively smaller toward
base of branchlets, the lowest obovate, 1.5 cm. long; inflorescence
racemiform, 6-10 cm. long, cymules often 1-flowered; pedicels 3-5
mm. long; sepals appressed puberulent, minutely so within, the outer
three gradually larger, 4-5 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, the fourth one
cymbiform-plicate, 6 mm. long, the straight rigid spur about as
long or longer, a little clavate and borne at an acute angle to blade;
fifth petal 6 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide, the upper margin strongly
involute; showy petal cuneate-suborbicular, lilac, 11 mm. long, 12
mm. wide; filaments 5 mm. long, subequaling orange anther; ovary
pubescent, style glabrous, stigma small. — Trunk of type tree 5 dm.
in diameter. In small leaves and size of flowers seems nearest
Q. Dinizii Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 1: 49. pis. 17 and 19E
(flowers). 1915, but the spur is straight (Mildbraed); apparently
this is the only marked difference. Also very near Q. parviflora Mart.
Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 2: 43, with glabrous or merely tomentulose leaves,
2-4 (6) -flowered cymules, spur much curved. F.M. Neg. 12980.
San Martin: Juanjui, Klug 4275 (det. Standley). — Loreto: Flood-
free woods, middle Ucayali, Tessmann 3451, type. Bolivia.
3. VOCHYSIA [Aublet] Poir.
Reference: Stafleu, Med. Bot. Mus. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 95:
398-540. 1948.
880 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Glabrous or more or less pubescent or tomentulose, sometimes
resinous with scattered, opposite or whorled, often beautifully veined
leaves and usually showy fragrant yellow flowers borne in compound
(rarely simple) elongate racemes or panicles ordinarily terminal, the
pedicel bracts caducous. Stipules deciduous, subulate. Sepals
connate at base, the posterior much the largest, often spurred. Petals
usually 3, linear or spathulate, anterior mostly larger than the others.
Fertile stamen with subulate or filiform filament at most half as
long as the cucullate-tipped anther-connective; staminodia 2, sub-
spathulate or none. Ovary superior, completely 3-celled, attenuate
to style, stigma 1, rarely lobed. Capsules coriaceous or ligneous,
dark with lustrous golden endocarp, ovoid or oblongoid, 3-celled,
loculicidally 3-valved, 3-winged, each cell with 1 seed winged above
by many long trichomes. — Name has been spelled Vochisia, Vochya
and Vochy, this the native name used by Aublet; Stafleu, I.e. 400,
has decided, apparently with good reason, that Vochysia is the form
conserved.
My indebtedness to Stafleu's work is acknowledged, with especial
appreciation for his intelligent approach and lucid presentation with
inadequate material and information; see his general remarks, I.e.
401 et seq. When I have not entirely followed his taxonomy I have
been prompted by the desire to simplify it if possible, in conformity
with the scope of this floristic compilation.
According to Record and Hess, Timbers of the New World, 1943,
a few species are promising for lumber but apparently the wood is
usually inferior. Some Brazilian species yield a resin, like gum
arabic, said to be of excellent quality; cf. Silveira, Arch. Mus. Rio
Jan. 23: 164. 1921.
Lateral leaf-nerves nearly parallel and much more conspicuous be-
neath than veins; bark not exfoliating.
Leaves acuminate, more or less tomentulose or villous beneath,
at least on the nerves.
Flower buds 1.5-4 cm. long; petals one or none (unknown in
V. majuscula,).
Petioles in 3's, 3 (-8) mm. long; petals lacking. . .V. Leguiana.
Petioles opposite, well developed.
Flower buds 2-4 cm. long; petioles 3-4.5 cm. long.
V. eximia.
Flower buds and petioles shorter V. majuscula.
Flower buds about 1 cm. long or shorter; petals 3.
FLORA OF PERU 881
Petioles 5-8 mm. long; spur often recurved even to calyx.
V. ferruginea.
Petioles 8-15 mm. long; spur moderately to scarcely curved.
Lateral nerves about 25; acumen 6-10 mm. long; spur
nearly straight V. densissima.
Lateral nerves 8-15; acumen short; spur curved.
V. vismiaefolia.
Leaves obtuse, or rounded, truncate or retuse and then sometimes
merely apiculate.
Leaves opposite; petioles mostly 1-2 cm. long.
Leaves elliptic, to 12 cm. long, 3-4 cm. wide. .V. vismiaefolia.
Leaves obovate, often deeply emarginate, 5-9 cm. wide.
V. biloba.
Leaves in 4's; petioles 4-8 mm. long.
Leaves broadly obovate, scarcely twice longer than wide.
V. Braceliniae.
Leaves oblong-spathulate, three or four times longer than
wide V. lomatophylla.
Lateral leaf -nerves inconspicuous even beneath, anastomosing or in
any case obscure as the veins; bark exfoliating except V. Sprucei.
Leaves 15-18 mm. wide; bark not exfoliating V. Sprucei.
Leaves 2 cm. wide or wider; bark exfoliating.
Marginal leaf -nerve lacking or not defined; stigma not lobed
except in V. mapirensis.
Ovary glabrous; inflorescence all axillary; young terminal
leaves thin, evanescently gray-puberulent . .V. citrifolia.
Ovary more or less sericeous (rarely nearly glabrous) ; inflores-
cence at least in part terminal.
Spur recurved, that is, curving into the flower as well as
bud; petioles about 1 cm. long.
Stigma terminal; style glabrous unless base; buds 1.5 mm.
thick, the spur slender V. obscura.
Stigma lateral; style tomentose below; buds 2.5 mm.
thick, the spur stout V. Lehmannii.
Spur incurved (toward pedicel) in flower (early recurved
or spreading).
Style pubescent at base; stigma lateral, lobed; petioles
5-12 mm. long V. mapirensis.
882 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Style glabrous or nearly; stigma terminal; petioles 2-4
cm. long V. Haenkeana.
Marginal leaf -nerve obvious but more or less undulate; stigma
lateral, 2-3-lobed.
Ovary as inflorescence puberulent; style clavate. . .V. diver sa.
Ovary glabrous as inflorescence or the latter glabrescent; style
cylindrical V. grandis.
Vochysia biloba Ducke, Archiv. Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio Jan. 2: 52.
1935; 501.
Branchlets stout, acutely quadrate, not exfoliating, reddish-
brown, obscurely puberulent as the stout 12-18 mm. long petioles;
stipules small, ovate-acuminate; leaves opposite, obovate, rounded
at the narrowed base, the 3-5 cm. wide apex often deeply (15-18
mm.) subbilobed-retuse (lobes rounded), commonly 14-17 cm. long,
(5)7-nearly 10 cm. wide, the upper leaves always smaller, all rigid-
coriaceous, yellowish glabrous and lustrous above, tomentulose be-
neath with a minute slightly lustrous copper-colored indument, the
midnerve and 16-19 lateral nerves impressed above, prominent
beneath, distinct to the premarginal nerve, the veins very finely
reticulate; inflorescence cylindric, puberulent or glabrate, to 3 dm.
long or longer, cincinni often 5-flowered; bracts small, ovate, acute,
caducous; peduncles and pedicels 3-7, rarely exceeding 6 mm. long;
flowers orange, anterior sepals minute, ciliolate, posterior glabrous
at anthesis about 6 mm. long, spur 6-8 mm. long; petals villous dor-
sally (Stafleu); stamen shortly pilose, anther tip retuse; ovary gla-
brous, the somewhat apically enlarged style with lateral stigma nearly
1 mm. in diameter (Stafleu). — A large tree allied to V. ferruginea
remarkable in the form of the leaves; frequent on terra firma about
Sao Paulo de Olivenca, Brazil, and therefore to be expected within
Peru. y. retusa Pilger, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 14: 334. 1939,
of eastern Ecuador, native name "chimbuya," has 4-verticillate
leaves obtusely acuminate in sinuses, petioles only 5 mm. long,
calyx spur straight.
Peru (probably). Brazil.
Vochysia Braceliniae Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 22: 149. 1940;
503.
Branchlets quadrate, nearly or quite glabrous, internodes elon-
gate; petioles stout, scarcely more than 7 mm. long; leaves mostly
quaternate, broadly oval-obovate, 8-17 cm. long, 5-10 cm. wide,
FLORA OF PERU 883
apically rounded or truncate and often abruptly apiculate with ob-
tuse acumen to 7 mm. long, little narrowed to the obtuse or rounded
base, coriaceous, opaque and glabrous above, the nerves more or
less impressed, nearly concolor beneath, the younger sparsely seri-
ceous especially on the nerves, finally obscurely puberulent or
glabrous, with about 21(15-18) nearly straight lateral nerves rib-
like in age and united near margin into a collective nerve; flowers
pale yellow in racemes to 16 cm. long, about 2 cm. wide that form
a terminal panicle leafy at base, 18-20 cm. long, rachises puberulent
to glabrous; cincinni mostly 2-flowered, peduncles 2-3, pedicels
2-5 mm. long; smaller sepals subrotund, ciliate; flower bud 6-9 mm.
long, subclavate, straight or nearly as the cylindrical spur paralleling
pedicel, 5 mm. long, 1 mm. thick; petals spathulate (central 1 cm.
long), glabrous except apical margins; stamen pilose, staminodes
villous at tip; style gradually enlarged toward lateral stigma, this
with diameter of 0.8 mm. (after Stafleu). — A 12 meter tree with
erect trunk, small rounded crown, the wood soft and useless (Mexia) ;
named for Mrs. H. P. Bracelin, whose careful labeling and distribu-
tion of Mrs. Mexia's collections contributed toward their scientific
value. Cf. V. retusa Pilger, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 14: 334. 1939,
the "chimbuya" of eastern Ecuador which Stafleu suggests may
prove to be the same; however, ex char, (incomplete) its leaves are
gradually narrowed toward base which is not at all the case for the
Peruvian tree.
Loreto: In cut-over woods near Yurimaguas, trail to San Ramon,
Mexia 6081, type. "Chambo caspi."
Vochysia citrifolia Poir. Encycl. Suppl. 5: 491. 1817; 450.
Cucullaria citrifolia (Poir.) R. & S. Mantissa 1: 52. 1822.
Bark exfoliating, younger branchlets black, brownish-subseri-
ceous, as the ovate acuminate stipules; petioles 1.5-2 cm. long;
leaves opposite, the developing clustered terminal ones very thin,
drying black, grayish puberulous, the adult coriaceous-papyraceous,
glabrous except for some scattered trichomes beneath, elliptic or
elliptic-oblong, obtuse at base, obtusely acuminate, mostly 8-10 cm.
long, half as wide, inconspicuously reticulate with 6-9 lateral nerves,
no marginal; inflorescence, so far as known, entirely axillary, cylin-
drical, dense, golden sericeous or tomentulose; cincinni mostly
1-flowered, peduncles and pedicels together 4-7 mm. long, the re-
curved subclavate or cylindric buds twice as long; spur strongly
recurved often to the irregularly lobed calyx; petals about 3 mm.
884 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
long, slightly ciliate, one of the smaller sometimes lacking; stamen
subclavate; style cylindric, the lateral stigma about 0.6 cm. long
and broad.— F.M. Neg. 35049.
Rio Acre: Near mouth of Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5494- Ama-
zonian Brazil.
Vochysia densissima Pilger, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 11:
298. 1931; 498. V. vismiaefolia Spruce var. densissima (Pilger)
Stafleu, I.e. 498.
Branchlets soon glabrescent; petioles 1-1.5 cm. long; leaves
oval, cuneately narrowed at base, rounded and narrowed to a short
acumen at tip, 10 or 11 cm. long, 2.5-4 cm. wide, coriaceous, above
paler and glabrous, drying olive-green beneath where densely
puberulent-tomentulose, the 25 lateral ascending nerves obscure
above, conspicuous as the reticulate veins beneath; panicle terminal
or also from the upper axils, racemiform, narrow and very dense,
6 to 10 or 11 cm. long with very short 1-few-flowered branches, the
rachis stout, reddish-tomentose ; flowers small, yellowish, the coria-
ceous sepals rather orange tomentulose, the outer extremely small,
the fourth finally strongly reflexed toward the spur (this nearly
straight, 5 mm. long), plicate, elliptic, emarginate, 7 mm. long;
petals 3, the larger elliptic, 4 mm. long, apically ciliate, smaller oval,
3 mm. long; stamens not seen; ovary glabrous, style 8 mm. long.—
Allied by author to V. vismiaefolia Spruce, the type a 25 meter tree
in flood-free wood. Stafleu may well be correct in regarding this
as a variant of the tree of Spruce but until it can be collected again
it seems as well, for this work, to retain it. Similar also is V. boliviano,
Rusby, 500, with twice as large leaves, rounded or subcordate at
base and 15-20 major lateral nerves. F.M. Neg. 18231.
Lore to: Mouth of the Rio Santiago, Tessmann 463%, type.
Vochysia diversa Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 67. 1931; 441.
Glabrous except the minutely and sparsely puberulent early
exfoliating bark, stipules and brownish pilose inflorescence; branch-
lets terete, nearly black; petioles 5-10(15) mm. long; leaves verticil-
late, oblong-lanceolate or elliptic, attenuate to base, rounded at
tip, sometimes minutely emarginate but not at all mucronulate,
8-12 cm. long, 2.5-3.5 cm. wide, coriaceous, slightly lustrous above,
nearly opaque beneath, lateral nerves slender, little prominent either
side, moderately reticulate; inflorescence narrowly cylindric-pyram-
idal, 1-1.5 dm. long, to 3 cm. broad, cincinni 1-2-flowered; bracts
FLORA OF PERU 885
nearly linear-subulate, to 7 mm. long; buds suberect, little clavate,
about 8 mm. long; spur slightly clavate, recurved, 5-6 mm. long;
petals subequal, obovate, rounded, ciliate; stamen and style glabrous,
the latter clavate at tip, the lateral 3-lobed stigma 0.3 x 0.15 mm.
(Stafleu). — A tree 20-40 meters high with yellow flowers apparently
similar to V. venulosa Warm., 440, but that with petioles about 2 cm.
long, and broader leaves that are lustrous both sides.
Loreto: Mishuyacu near Iquitos, King 685, type. Brazil.
Vochysia eximia Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 1: 45.
1915; 519.
Entirely glabrous except the leaves beneath, petals and stamen;
branchlets stout, the bark not at all exfoliating; petioles (3)3.5-4.5
cm. long, opposite; leaves rigid-coriaceous, often undulate-margined,
lustrous and dark green above (drying pale yellow), unless in age
intensely rufo-ferrugineous with short tomentum beneath, elliptic
or oblong, acute at base or narrowed into the petiole, more or less
gradually acuminate, the fragile acumen often extended for 2 (-4)
cm., mostly 18-37 cm. long, 5-9 cm. wide; lateral nerves prominent
beneath, major and minor, but all ending in a submarginal nerve;
veins widely reticulate; inflorescence terminal, elongate, the cincinni
mostly 2-flowered; peduncles one, pedicels 1-2 cm. long, apically
enlarged; flower bud 2-4 cm. long, spur 10-12 mm. long, paralleling
pedicel; lateral petals lacking, central to one-third length of stamen,
tomentulose as linear subacute basally subauriculate and barbate
anther; staminodes if present glabrous as subclavate style, this
with capitate orbicular terminal stigma with diameter 0.15 cm.;
capsules 5-6 cm. long, 2-3 cm. thick, broad or larger, peduncle
3-5 cm. long. — After Stafleu, particularly the flowers. Notable for
its large beautiful flowers and leaves (Ducke). Ranges into the
western part of Solimoes according to Ducke and therefore in all
probability extending into eastern Peru. F.M. Negs. 10519; 12911;
15678.
Peru (probably). Amazonian Brazil.
Vochysia ferruginea Mart. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 151. pi. 92.
1826; 494. Cucullaria ferruginea (Mart.) Spreng. Syst. 4, pt. 2:
9. 1827.
A tree of medium size (Ducke), the branchlets, petioles (5-8 mm.
long), leaves beneath, especially on the conspicuous lateral nerves,
and elongate dense inflorescences densely and more or less persistently
886 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
ferrugineous tomentulose; leaves opposite, ovate, elliptic-oblong or
lanceolate, abruptly contracted toward petiole, mucronately acumi-
nate, 9-16 cm. long, about a third as wide, with a marginal nerve
precisely at the slightly revolute edge; cincinni 1-5-flowered; pe-
duncles and pedicels each 2-4 mm. long; flower buds straight or
subrecurved, 6-10 mm. long, the strongly recurved spur apically
enlarged; central petal as long as the obtuse 6-8 mm. long stamen,
wider than the narrow laterals; style cylindric with lateral stigma
about 0.5 mm. in diameter; capsules 2.5 cm. long, 8 mm. thick, ob-
tuse.— Tree 6-30 meters with rusty yellow flowers.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Ule 6431. Zepelacio near Moyobamba,
Klug 3260. To Central America and British Guiana.
Vochysia grandis Mart. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 146. pi. 88. 1826;
453. Cucullaria grandis (Mart.) Spreng. Syst. 4, pt. 2: 9. 1827.
A large tree, only the upper leaves whorled (Ducke) and glabrous
except for a few long soft trichomes on the young branchlets —
these quadrangulate and line-ribbed from the deltoid 1 mm. long
stipules — and in the dense inflorescence; petioles 2-4(or 1-1.5) cm.
long; leaves elliptic or oblong or somewhat long-obovate, acute at
base, apex rounded or obtuse and slightly retuse, 12-14(17) cm.
long, usually 4-5(6) cm. wide, the reticulate venation and many
lateral nerves prominent with a more or less undulate marginal
nerve 1-2 mm. from the plane margin; cincinni 2-5-flowered, the
peduncles 3-5 mm. long, pedicels progressively 3-7(12) mm. long,
slender; flower bud straight, obtuse, about 8 mm. long, the recurved
spur 7-10 mm. long; petals subequal, to half as long as obtuse stamen,
its filament and anther subequal; style cylindric, the bilobed stigma
lateral. — Variable in size as indicated. V. ingens Ducke, 448,
"Cedro rana," has retusely acute leaves 7-9 cm. long, less than 3 cm.
wide, acute flower buds, spur 5-6 mm. long, stigma terminal, orbicu-
lar, known yet as near Peru as upper Rio lea (tributaries). Large
tree especially common at Sao Paulo de Olivenca, only the upper
leaves verticillate (Ducke). Illustrated, Mart. I.e. F.M. Negs.
12920; 12919 (Poeppig); 24302 (var.).
Peru (probably). Amazonian Brazil.
Vochysia Haenkeana Mart. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 147. pi. 89.
1826; 442. Cucullaria Haenkeana (Mart.) Spreng. Syst. 4, pt. 2:
9. 1827. V. Haenkeana Mart. vars. Sprucei Briq. and microphylla
Briq. Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot. Geneve 20: 386. 1919, fide Stafleu.
FLORA OF PERU 887
Glabrous except for the tomentose ovary, sometimes basally
pubescent style, and slightly pilose calyx; petioles slender, 2-4 cm.
long; leaves whorled, generally oblong-elliptic, varying toward lanceo-
late or ovate, retusely obtuse or subcuspidate-retuse; nerves as
veins slightly prominent both sides; cincinni 1-3-flowered, the
peduncles (including pedicels) slender; flower buds cylindric, straight
or nearly, about 8 mm. long, the incurved spur as long or longer;
petals glabrous, the central one shorter than or equaling the slightly
pilose anther; stigma almost entirely terminal (Stafleu) with diameter
of about 0.8 mm. — Small tree of sandy soils. Wood when cut
exudes a viscid translucent resin (Williams). It seems that the
variant in Peru with smaller elliptic leaves — about 7-10 cm. long,
3-5 cm. wide — and style pubescent at base is noteworthy as var.
Sprucei Briquet, including however the var. microphylla. Illustrated,
I.e. and in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 2. pi. 18. F.M. Negs. 12921;
23026 (var. Sprucei); 24303 (var. microphylla).
San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 5425; 6155; 6491; Spruce 4078
(type, var. Sprucei); Mathews 1650 (type, var. microphylla). To
Bolivia and Central Brazil. "Killu-sisa," "goma-amarilla"
(Williams).
Vochysia Leguiana Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 121. 1930; 523.
Large tree, the branchlets, leaves beneath, and inflorescence
branchlets densely hirsute-villous with reddish trichomes; leaves
apparently fasciculate, sessile or subsessile, oblong-obovate to
elongate-elliptic, abruptly acuminate (rarely rounded), gradually
narrowed to base, the larger 1.5 dm. long, 7 cm. wide, dull above
and early minutely and sparsely strigillose, finally glabrous, under-
neath, especially on the nerves, densely red-pilose-hirsute, nerves
above moderately impressed, beneath very prominent, veins reticu-
late; inflorescence cylindrical, dense, 1-1.5 dm. long; cincinni pe-
duncled, only 1-flowered, the calyces lightly hirsutulous, 4 unequal
but all broadly ovate, acute, spur slender, widely spreading or
deflexed, and parallel to pedicel, about 5 mm. long; ovary densely
hirsute; style cylindrical; stamen villous; staminodes glabrous.—
Apparently distinctive as not at all tomentose. Flowers yellow.
From the small branch of the type the bark is not exfoliate. Placed
by Stafleu in his section Pachyantha consisting of three Amazonian
species with bark retained, petals lacking, stamen villous: V. pachy-
antha Ducke and V. Pinkusii A. C. Sm.; both have petioled leaves,
those of the former 2-3 dm. long, the spur inflated and incurved to
888 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
pedicel, the latter with leaves 10-13 cm. long, longer (12-18 mm.)
petioles, the spur straight or S-shaped.
Commemorates the interest of a president of Peru in botanical
exploration.
Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, Carlos Schunke 434, type. Brazil;
Venezuela.
Vochysia Lehmannii Hieron. Bot. Jahrb. 20: Beibl. 49: 38.
1895; 442.
Glabrous or nearly except the pubescent inflorescence, the
branchlets angled and striate by the decurrent leaves, more or less
puberulent and exfoliating; petioles 1-1.5 cm. long, verticillate;
leaves oblong, or slightly obovate, attenuate, acute or rounded to
base, and mostly emarginate at tip, the larger 10-12 cm. long,
4-5 cm. wide, coriaceous, yellowish-green, lustrous above, paler
and opaque with a few long trichomes beneath, younger reticulate
both sides, lateral nerves of the older scarcely prominent, veins
obscure; inflorescence cylindrical to 15 cm. long, 2-2.5 cm. thick,
cymules 2-3-flowered; pedicels slender, 4-6 mm. long; sepals broadly
ovate, ciliate, puberulent, subacute, the outer 1-2 mm. long, the
posterior (fourth) ovate, 8-10 mm. long, 7 mm. wide, sparsely
puberulent with deflexed recurved flexuous spur 4-7 mm. long;
petals glabrous, rounded, nearly equal; stamen clavate, glabrous or
slightly pubescent dorsally, anther 5 mm. long, filaments 2 mm.
long; ovary fuscescent-pilose; style glabrous except tomentose base;
stigma lateral, 0.1 x 0.1 mm. — So much Peruvian material has been
referred to this species, which may yet be found, that it is included,
and it may well occur since it grows in montana forests between
300 and 1,100 meters, like the related V. mapirensis. A tree to 8
meters high with yellow flowers. F.M. Neg. 12922.
Peru (possibly). Colombia; Venezuela.
Vochysia lomatophylla Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 22: 150. 1940;
504.
In most respects, especially in the leaf-nervation, similar to
V. Braceliniae ; internodes short; petioles to 8 mm. long; leaves
narrowly oblanceolate-oblong, 17-27 cm. long, 5-7 cm. wide near
the tip, this often shortly narrowed and emarginate; leaf nerves
about 25; racemes apparently solitary in the axils, 11-23 cm. long,
the flowers mostly in shortly peduncled cymules, the glabrate pedicels
to 8 mm. long; spur 8-9 mm. long, little more than 1 mm. thick;
FLORA OF PERU 889
central petal 11 mm. long; the lateral 6-7 mm. long; style nearly
filiform, 12 mm. long, glabrous, the lateral stigma irregular, sub-
orbicular with diameter of about 0.06 mm. — Cf. also V. retusa under
V. Braceliniae. Tree 16-24 meters tall with yellow flowers.
Loreto: Rio Mazdn, Jose Schunke 14, type. Argelia, Fox 76.
"Timareo de altura."
Vochysia majuscula Pilger, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 11:
297. 1931; 521.
Branchlets as leaves beneath early reddish tomentulose, both
glabrescent with age; petioles opposite, to 2 cm. long; leaves elliptic
or oblong, cuneate to base, rounded and abruptly acuminate (acumen
about 1 cm. long), paler and glabrous above, coriaceous, 12-14 cm.
long, 4.5-5.5 cm. wide, with about 20 ascending lateral nerves
more or less prominent only beneath; panicle laxly racemiform, 2 dm.
long, the stout rachis with few branches or cincinni 1-2-flowered,
the pedicels 5-10 mm. long; sepals glabrous, coriaceous, the outer
small, rounded, one-fourth curved, somewhat erect, plicate, oval-
lanceolate, to 2.5 cm. long, to 8 mm. broad, with stout incurved
spur 8 or 9 mm. long; petal unknown; stamens 17 mm. long, the
thick anthers with narrow cells and short conical tips; ovary glabrous,
style 15 (-20) mm. long with truncate stigma. — Related to V. costata
Warm. (Pilger). Tree 25 meters high, flood-free woods, the flowers
entirely yellow. P.M. Neg. 18232.
Loreto: Below the Pongo de Manseriche, Tessmann 4797, type.
Vochysia mapirensis Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 6: 7. 1896;
444. V. Weberbaueri Beckm. Bot. Jahrb. 40: 279. 1908, fide Stafleu.
Glabrous, except the pubescent sepals, the exfoliate branchlets
nigrescent; petioles (0.5)1-1.5 cm. long, whorled; leaves oblong-
elliptic, narrowed into petiole, rounded or emarginate and apiculate,
8-16 cm. long, 2.5 cm. wide, lateral nerves 20-25, slender, little
prominent, not joined into a submarginal nerve, dark green and
lustrous above, olivaceous beneath; panicle conical, 18 cm. long,
2-3 cm. across below; cincinni 2-3-flowered, the peduncles 3-4 mm.
long, pedicels 4-7 mm. long; flower bud 10-13 mm. long, subclavate;
lateral sepals villous, subcordate, 1 mm. long, anterior oval about
twice as long and as wide, the posterior ovate, 8-10 mm. long, 7 mm.
wide, with incurved puberulent spur 5-9 mm. long; petals deep
yellow, equal, glabrous, rounded or subapiculate at tip; stamen
glabrous except for ciliate inner margin, dilated; filament 3.5 mm.
890 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
long; ovary pubescent; style slightly enlarged at pubescent base
and glabrous tip, the lateral irregularly 2-3-lobed stigma about
0.2 by 0.1 cm. (Stafleu); capsules 3-4 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. wide;
seeds oblong, compressed. — Shrub or tree known to 15 meters with
slender pale-barked trunk. There is a photograph, Weberbauer 276,
that shows several trees. F.M. Neg. 12941 (type, V. Weberbaueri).
San Martin: Roja near Moyobamba, 800 meters, Weberbauer
4704; 290.— Junin: Colonia Perene', Killip & Smith 25034 (det.
Macbride, V. Lehmannii vel aff.). La Merced, on river cliff, 5552
(det. Macbride, V. Lehmannii). — Rio Acre: ( Ule 9521, fide Ducke).
Bolivia.
Vochysia obscura Warm, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 2: 73.
pi. 13. 1875; 436.
Branchlets quadrate from the line-ribs below the thick stipules;
petioles about 1 cm. long, usually opposite; leaves elliptic or some-
what obovate, rounded or retuse and even broadly apiculate, 5-9 cm.
long, 2.5-5 cm. wide, usually reticulate both sides and with a marginal
nerve or two near the base; inflorescence nearly glabrous, the cincinni
1-2-flowered; flower buds cylindric, 1 cm. long, the slender strongly
recurved spur nearly as long, emerging gradually from the fourth
calyx-lobe, thus not making an acute angle with bud; petals glabrous,
equal, elliptic; stamen glabrous, slightly clavate, curved; style gla-
brous (in type), subclavate with terminal orbicular stigma smaller
than its tip; ovary subsericeous or sometimes nearly glabrous.—
The Peruvian tree, 5-8 meters with golden yellow flowers, does not
seem to be typical but so determined by Stafleu; its retuse leaves
are at most 5 cm. long, 2.5-3 cm. wide, petals lightly pubescent as
style toward base and may be a variant, worth designating as var.
Julian! Macbr., var. nov., foliis ad 5 cm. longis; petalis paullo pilosis;
stylo ad basin piloso; Klug 4105, type.
San Martin: Chazuta, 260 meters, Klug 4105 (det. Standley,
V. Lehmannii). Zepelacio near Moyobamba, Klug 3641 (det.
Standley, V. Lehmannii). To Brazil and Venezuela.
Vochysia Sprucei Warm, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 2: 99. 1875;
511.
A small tree distinctive among Peruvian species by its opposite
crowded narrow leaves, these 5-6 cm. long, 15-18 mm. wide, rather
oblong or somewhat lanceolate or oblanceolate, acute at base, ob-
tuse, glabrous above (unless midnerve), puberulent tomentulose
FLORA OF PERU 891
beneath as the younger branchlets, petioles and terminal inflores-
cences; petioles 5-6 mm. long; lateral nerves obvious beneath, a
marginal nerve more or less apparent; cincinni 1-3-flowered, pe-
duncles 3-5, pedicels 5-8 mm. long; flower buds apiculate, about
1 cm. long; spur recurved, not enlarged at tip; central petal ovate,
3 mm. long; stamen marginally pilose, the anther broader above;
style cylindric with small orbicular terminal stigma. — F.M. Neg.
12938.
San Martin: Near the top of the Cerro Pelado, Tarapoto, Spruce
4566, type.
Vochysia vismiaefolia Spruce ex Warm, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13,
pt. 2: 99. 1875; 497.
Becoming a large tree and more or less persistently rusty tomen-
tose or slightly sericeous except the upper surface of the opposite
leaves, these elliptic, acute both ends or the apex obtuse or shortly
acuminate and obtuse-retuse, 8-12 cm. long, 3-4 cm. wide, the
lateral nerves (typically 8-15) and marginal slightly prominent
only beneath; inflorescences slender with 1-3-flowered cincinni,
peduncles 3-4, pedicels 5-6 mm. long; flower buds recurved, 7-9
mm. long, the recurved spur 5-7 mm. long, somewhat enlarged
apically; petals unequal, the central shorter than the pilose apically
rounded stamen; staminodes marginally ciliate; style cylindric with
small lateral stigma; capsules verruculose, 2.5 cm. long, wings
subsulcate. — A northern Amazonian species to be expected; flowers
at end of dry season (Ducke). See also V. densissima Pilger. F.M.
Neg. 12939.
Peru (possibly). Brazil; Venezuela.
POLYGALACEAE Lindl.
Herbaceous or ligneous, sometimes scandent, with variously
disposed leaves, the stipules glanduliform or lacking. Flowers
perfect, often irregular, each usually with a bract and two bractlets.
Sepals 5, partly or entirely free, or the two lower united, the inner
two usually much larger and petaloid, as wings. Petals 3, rarely 5,
free or united, hypogynous, the anterior boat-shaped, as keel, and
often crested, the two upper frequently galeate, usually united
below to the staminal sheath and often also to the keel. Stamens
8 (or 3-7), the filaments ordinarily united into a split sheath; anthers
with subterminal pores. Disk present, glanduliform or wanting.
Carpels 1-2 (or 3-5), united, the solitary style with single or bilobed
892 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
stigma, the usually solitary (sometimes 2-6) ovule pendulous. Fruit
various.
Flowers irregular, more or less papilionaceous.
Ovary as usually the fruit 2-celled, the latter a dehiscent capsule,
very rarely 1-celled by abortion.
Plants not scandent; capsules orbicular to triangular.
1. Poly gala.
Plants or the branches scandent (if ever erect, probably young) ;
capsules cuneate-obovate 2. Bredemeyera.
Ovary and indehiscent fruit 1-celled.
Keel with a plicate crest; fruit a samara, the lower side winged;
plants scandent 3. Securidaca.
Keel not crested; fruit drupaceous or, if samaroid, biwinged;
plants rarely if ever truly scandent 4. Monnina.
Flowers tubular or salviform.
Leaves brittle, the venation obscure; calyx tubular, the base
globose 5. Moutabea.
Leaves flexible, veiny; calyx deeply divided, cylindric.
6. Diclidanthera.
1. POLYGALA [Tourn.] L.
References: Chodat, Monogr. pt. 2. 1893 (Mem. Soc. Phys. &
Hist. Nat. Geneve 23, pt. 2, no. 2. 1893); Blake, Contr. Gray. Herb.
47. 1916.
Herbs, shrubs or trees with usually alternate leaves (these, if
verticillate, commonly the lower) and terminal axillary or infre-
quently extra-axillary racemes of small white or more or less deeply
tinted flowers. Sepals 5, free or the two lower connate, deciduous
or persistent, often three herbaceous or the lower two rarely petaloid
the two inner usually so and, much larger, called "wings." Petals
normally 3, united basally, lower carinate, sometimes 3-lobed, smooth
or with an infra-apical beak or fimbriate crest, the two upper more
or less united to staminal tube or keel; two lateral petals if present
often minute. Stamens 8(6) united into tube split on upper side.
Styles often long with two variously developed stigmas. Capsules
about 2-celled, or completely, sometimes winged, less often fleshy-
coriaceous, the cells, unless the lower, dehiscent. Seeds usually
with highly varied aril, this rarely obsolete. — After Blake, who
simplified the taxonomy, designating the following groups as sub-
FLORA OF PERU 893
genera. P. deflorata Chodat, unknown to me and not considered
by Blake, but perhaps Mexican, is omitted from the key; apparently
it belongs to Blake's subgenus Hebeclada.
Keel without crest or blade.
Leaves densely reticulate-veined; capsules broadly winged.
Phlebotaenia.
Leaves and capsules otherwise.
Sepals all free.
Wings small, not more than a third length of sepals; capsules
subcoriaceous, tardily dehiscent Badiera.
Wings much larger than sepals; capsules not subcoriaceous.
Hebecarpa.
Sepals, the 2 lower, connate; wings and sepals persisting.
Hebeclada.
Keel with entire crest Chamaebuxus.
Keel with 2-many-lobed crest Orthopolygala.
Flowers 2-4 mm. long in anthesis; slender-stemmed, clearly annual
herbs.
Leaves, unless the lower, regularly verticillate; keel fimbriate.
Racemes floriferous nearly or quite to base; wings elliptic; petals
short.
Aril broad, shorter than seed; racemes lax, glabrous.
P. nemoralis.
Aril nearly as long as seed; racemes dense, pubescent.
P. peruviana.
Racemes more or less peduncled; petals long; aril half as long as
seed.
Aril broad; leaves in type shorter than internodes.P. Pearcei.
Aril linear; leaves in type as long as internodes. .P. Ruiziana.
Leaves alternate, unless the lower; keel crested except P. trans-
lucida and P. brizoides.
Leaves linear-lanceolate or -oblong, usually several mm. wide;
racemes elongate.
Keel entire; leaves lanceolate, acute or acuminate.
Wings obliquely obovate; stem pubescence incurved.
P. brizoides.
894 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Wings suborbicular; stem pubescence partly spreading.
P. translucida.
Keel fimbriate-crested; leaves linear-spathulate, mucronate.
P. paniculata.
Leaves linear-subulate or filiform, usually about 1 mm. wide or
racemes capituliform; keel fimbriate.
Racemes capituliform P. longicaulis, P. coridifolia.
Racemes soon elongate.
Flowers shorter than 3 mm.; aril bilobed, minute.
Plants glabrous; aril about one-tenth as long as seed.
P. paludosa.
Plants glabrous; aril about one-third as long as seed.
P. macerrima.
Plants finely granular-glandular; aril at least one-fourth
as long as seed P. paniculata.
Flowers 3-4 mm. long; aril as broad as seed.
P. Weberbaueri, P. Mathusiana.
Flowers 5 mm. long or longer; stems firm or ligneous at least below;
keel without a crest.
Leaves opposite; shrub or tree; flowers axillary. . . .P. scleroxylon.
Leaves alternate or verticillate.
Flowers 5-8 mm. long.
Sepals and wings more or less promptly caducous; leaves
ovate, about half as wide as long.
Leaves long-acuminate; pedicels 2-3 mm. long; flowers
7-8 mm. long P. platycarpa.
Leaves acute; pedicels and flowers subequal. . .P. andensis.
Sepals or wings persisting; leaves often about a third as wide
as long, usually ovate-lanceolate.
Flowers 5-7 mm. long; sepals connate.
Flowers about 5 mm. long; seeds oval or oblong.
Seeds oval with aril nearly as long; wings orbicular;
leaves often acuminate P. acuminata.
Seeds oblong, twice as long as broad; wings oblique;
leaves acute or obtuse P. violacea.
Flowers 6-7 mm. long; seeds subglobose . P. macrostachya.
Flowers 8 mm. long; sepals free P. andina.
FLORA OF PERU 895
Flowers 1-3.5 cm. long.
Leaves ovate-elliptic.
Bracts persisting, the rachis thus aculeate.
Flowers 10-12 mm. long; leaves small P. anatina.
Flowers larger; leaves large P. gigantea.
Bracts caducous.
Wings suborbicular P. spectabilis.
Wings ovate-acuminate P. grandifolia.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, much longer than wide . . P. formosa.
Polygala acuminata Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 887. 1803; 46.
Stems ligneous toward the base, erect as the sparsely branched
branches and supra-axillary racemes, often several dm. tall, some-
times attaining more than a meter; petioles 2-3 mm. long; leaves
lightly pubescent especially beneath, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate,
2.5-6(10) cm. long, usually 2-4 cm. wide; sepals obscurely glandular-
ciliate, unequal, concave, the lower more or less to completely con-
nate, finally divergent, apiculate; wings suborbicular, glabrous,
few-nerved, not at all or scarcely inequilateral, much longer than
the keel; upper petals dilated toward the truncate or retuse tip,
not at all contracted medially nor cuneate at base, equaling the
cucullate ciliate keel; ovary glabrous; capsule elliptic, little longer
than broad; seeds pubescent, less than twice as long as the large
rounded entire aril. — Flowers white or slightly pinkish-purple, or
early pale rose then greenish-white, a meter high (Weberbauer).
Determinations by Chodat except as noted. Illustrated, Chodat,
pi. 15, figs. 11-13 (flower and seed).
Huanuco: Pozuzo, ^632. Churubamba, trailside tangle, 1,135
meters, Mexia 8157 (det. Blake). Rio Chinchao, forest edge, 1,200
meters, Stork & Horton 9576 (det. Standley); 9423.— San Martin:
Tarapoto, Williams 5803; 5412. Zepelacio, King 3467 (det. Stand-
ley). Pongo de Cainarachi, King 2676 (det. Standley). — Junin: La
Merced, 700 meters, Weberbauer 1829; Killip & Smith 23431;
23408. Rio Perene", Killip & Smith 24910; 25417; 25319. Chan-
chamayo Valley, Schunke 371. — Ayacucho: Aina, Killip & Smith
22731. Forest edge near Kimitiriki, Killip & Smith 22848 (det.
Killip). — Loreto: Yurimaguas, Killip & Smith 27587; Williams
4382; 4115; 4453; 7869; 4781. Locality not noted, Poeppig 1323,
type. "Puru-pagic-sacha" (Williams).
896 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Polygala anatina Chodat, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 98. 1908.
A meter shrub, the younger parts scarcely puberulent; stipules
to 1 mm. long, not at all coriaceous; leaves elliptic, emarginate or
acutish, glabrous, 3.8-4 cm. long, 16-18 mm. wide; racemes termi-
nally comose, rather short, the axis puberulent; pedicels 5-6 mm.
long; flowers 11-12 mm. long; sepals large, glabrous; wings broadly
ovate; petals purple, narrow, retuse, shorter than the cucullate keel;
ovary obcordate, the disk annulate, the long curved style enlarged
to a seahorse-shaped stigma, the short upper one acute, lower obtuse,
longer than wings; seed shortly and densely hirsute, dorsal aril
two-thirds as long. — Section Ligustrina, sepals and wings persisting
but seeds estrophiolate. F.M. Neg. 12997.
Puno: Sandia to Tambo Azalaya in June, 1,500 meters, Weber-
bauer 1072, type.
Polygala andensis Chodat, Monogr. pt. 2: 25. 1893.
Shrubby; branches 1-1.5 dm. long, erect, puberulent; petioles
very short; leaves ovate-lanceolate to elliptic, cuneate at base,
acute at apex, pubescent, about 4 cm. long, half as wide; flowers
many, crowded, subequaling the pedicels; outer sepals lanceolate,
acute, herbaceous, ciliate; wings elliptic-orbicular, eciliate with few-
branched nerves, not at all exceeding keel; upper petals orbicular
at tip, much shorter than keel; ovary elliptic, pilose, much longer
style vaginiform apically, the upper narrow papillose stigma twice
as long as the glanduliform lower. — Chodat contrasts this in his key
with the Mexican P. rivinaefolia HBK. by its "acute" instead of
"cuspidate" leaves (not a clear or impressive difference!); and his
type is probably from Mexico; my remarks under P. deflorata apply
equally here. Illustrated, Chodat, pi. 14, figs. 7-9. F.M. Neg.
34942.
Peru(?): Pav6n, type, herb. Boissier and Paris.
Polygala andina Bennett, Bull. Torrey Club 16: 19. 1889.
Ascending, pubescent, with thin subglabrbus apical short-
petioled leaves, terminal racemes of pedicellate flowers, the pedicels
hirsute; outer sepals unequal, ovate, pubescent, the ciliate larger,
upper concave; wings large, ovate, glabrous and eciliate, 8 mm. long,
6 mm. wide; corolla as long, keel strongly gibbous at base, petals
two-thirds coalescent, the upper rotund; seeds and fruit unknown. —
According to the author, near P. Laureola St. Hil. of Brazil, less
pubescent and with smaller flowers (6-8 mm. long on pedicels as
long); the subconic seed with linear dependent aril as long marks
FLORA OF PERU 897
the species of St. Hilaire. Bennett's species was apparently over-
looked by Chodat, as he includes P. formosa from the same reference ;
since the type was from La Paz, the species may be expected within
southern Peru.
Peru (probably). Bolivia.
Polygala brizoides St. Hil. Fl. Bras. 2: 44. pi. 88. 1829; 52.
P. angustifolia HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 405. pi. 511. 1823, not
Gilib. 1781. P. camporum Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 100.
1842, fide Chodat.
Slender-stemmed annual, often with a few puberulent or strigil-
lose branches and sometimes attaining several dm.; leaves linear-
lanceolate, attenuate each end, subglabrous or sparsely pubescent;
racemes supra-axillary, usually 5 cm. long or longer, the pinkish-
purple flowers about 4 mm. long on slender pendulous pedicels; sepals
green, oblong-ovate, obtuse, glandular-ciliate; wings broadly cuneate-
obovate, glabrous, shorter than or about equaling the keel; capsule
oblong-elliptic, about 3 mm. long, 1.7 mm. wide; seeds 2.5 mm. long,
aril 0.7 mm. long (Blake). — The Mathews specimen was referred
by Chodat to var. latifolia St. Hil., leaves broader, stems more
hirsute-villous, and perhaps should not be included in the species,
the range of which, according to Blake (who wrote P. bryzoides),
scarcely encompasses the Andean areas. Illustrated, Chodat, I.e.
pi. 15; Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. 47: pi. 2, fig. 45 (seed). F.M.
Neg. 34985.
Peru: (Mathews, fide Chodat). Sinaloa; Cuba to Colombia and
Brazil.
Polygala coridifolia Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 99. 1835; 296.
Glabrous stems many, ascending, simple, leafy to ligneous base;
leaves crowded, sessile, linear, revolute, mucronate, 6-12 mm. long,
less than 0.5 mm. wide; racemes capituliform; pedicels 2 mm. long;
bracts scarious; flowers 2 mm. long; petals shorter than the obovate
acute wings, these twice as long as the subemarginate capsule;
keel crested, curved, apically bilobed; seeds oval-globose, white-
villous with subulate furcate aril as long. — Like P. corisioides St.
Hil., according to the author.
Huanuco: In the mountains, (Haenke, type). "Chinchinia."
Polygala deflorata Chodat, Monogr. pt. 2: 23. 1893.
Stems ligneous, green, branching, ascending, terete, lightly
striate, puberulent; leaves shortly petioled, ovate, acute, spreading
898 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
or deflexed, 4 cm. long, half as wide, velvety pubescent; racemes
axillary, few-flowered, short; capsules suborbicular, subcordate,
broader than long (6 mm. wide, 5.5 mm. long), pubescent; seeds
oblong, bell-shaped, attenuate apically, aril capituliform, marginally
papyraceous. — Species very distinct (Chodat, who while omitting
it from his key, places it in text next to P. rivinaefolia HBK. of
Mexico, a species belonging to subgenus Hebecarpa (Chodat) Blake,
characterized by sepals all free, wings much larger than sepals,
capsules not subcordate!). Since so much of the material labeled
"Pavon" in herb. Boissier is really Mexican in origin, probably
Sess4 and Mocino, there is no certainty that this plant is Peruvian
and it should have been considered by Blake.
Peru(?): (Pavdn in herb. Boissier, Geneva, type).
Polygala formosa Bennett, Bull. Torrey Club 16: 19. 1889; 82.
Shrub with glabrous or puberulent erect stems and branches and
linear-lanceolate acuminate leaves 7-10 cm. long, 12-22 mm. wide,
shortly petioled; racemes terminal or axillary, lax, 2-5 cm. long or
longer; pedicels puberulent, 6-10 mm. long; outer sepals unequal,
glabrous, ciliate (Chodat), the upper convex; wings large, glabrous,
eciliate, unequal, oval, 12 mm. long, 8 mm. wide; corolla ecristate;
petals much longer than the wings, glabrous; capsule elliptic,
emarginate; seeds triangular, hirsute, aril fleshy, half free, descend-
ing.— Affine P. spectabilis DC. with broader cuspidate leaves; the
narrow leaves suggest the Brazilian P. oxyphylla DC., 77, which,
according to both Bennett and Chodat, should include P. Laureola
St. Hil.; see under P. andina. Since type is from Mapiri, the shrub
is within the range of many Peruvian species.
Peru (possibly). Bolivia.
Polygala gigantea Chodat, Monogr. pt. 2: 75. 1893.
Stems stout to 3 cm. thick, not striate, ligneous, erect or curved;
leaves shortly petioled, oblong, cuspidate, 2 dm. long, 6 cm. wide,
very thin, glabrous; racemes early much congested, terminal, to
about 1 dm. long, densely flowered, the rachis aculeate after flowers
fall by the persisting glandular bractlets, the subulate ciliate bracts
about 7 mm. long; sepals unequal, the upper sacculiform, petaloid,
ciliate, the lower ovate, the other larger, obliquely orbicular; wings
ciliate, three times larger, involute, equaling or shorter than corolla;
upper petal ligulate, obtuse, shorter than keel, this with limb shorter
than claw; filaments pilose (always?); ovary elliptic; stigmas un-
FLORA OF PERU 899
equal, the upper dentiform, the lower rotund, at least early papil-
lose.— Imperfectly known, perhaps not from Peru, but apparently
the following specimens are referable to it rather than to the related
Brazilian species P. Laureola St. Hil. and P. grandifolia St. Hil.
with similar foliage; the rachis of the former is nearly smooth, the
seed equaled by a linear reflexed aril while the latter has ciliate wings
and seeds with an elliptic, much shorter aril. It also resembles the
widely distributed P. spectabilis DC., 79, with firmer ciliate-margined
leaves, corolla 2-2.5 cm. long, seeds nearly like those of P. grandifolia.
F.M. Neg. 24336.
Hudnuco: Deep forest, Tingo Maria, flowers yellowish, turning
rose, leaves yellow-green with deep red veins, Stork & Horton 9561
(det. Standley). — Junin: Puerto Bermudez, flowers yellowish, wings
greenish-white, Killip & Smith 26495 (det. Chodat). — Rio Acre:
Seringal San Francisco, Ule 9522 (det. Dahlem, P. grandifolia}.
Without locality, Pavdn, type. Brazil.
Polygala grandifolia St. Hil. Fl. Bras. 2: 52. 1829; 74.
A small shrub with terete striate stems, very short conical
aculeate stipules and thin oblong-elliptic shortly acuminate leaves
12-20 cm. long, half as wide, glabrous except for the puberulent
pedicels (these about 5 mm. long), the unequal ciliate outer sepals
and obovate-triangular obtuse wings, these 17 mm. long, or persist-
ing and in fruit 2 cm. long; leaves often alternate, acute or shortly
acuminate, 1-2 dm. long, 6 or 7 cm. wide; racemes terminal, axillary
or supra-axillary, often hidden among the upper leaves, few-flowered,
6-9 cm. long, the flesh-colored glabrous flowers 14-18 mm. long;
upper petals largely connate with staminal tube, not at all dilated
at tip, little exceeding keel, this cucullate, trilobed, plicate and
longer than the oblong-elliptic acuminate wings; dilated filaments
broader than long; capsules wing-emarginate; seeds 8 mm. long,
half as wide, tuberculate, hirtellous with 4 short basal teeth, bidentate
at tip.— Illustrated, Chodat, I.e. pi. 16 (flower); Mart. Fl. Bras. 13,
pt. 3: pis. 3 and 30 (seed).
Peru (possibly). Brazil.
Polygala longicaulis HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 396. 1823; 182.
Slender, erect, usually somewhat branched annual, often several
dm. tall, glabrous or slightly stipitate-glandular below, the leaves
alternate unless for one whorl near the base, linear- to oblong-
lanceolate, 5-12(20) mm. long, 1-3 mm. wide, acuminate, cuspidate;
900 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
peduncles usually naked, the subcapitate racemes only about a cm.
long or shorter; pedicels 2-2.5 mm. long; flowers deep purple or pale
(white or yellowish); sepals broad, very cuspidate, 1.8-2.3 mm. long,
the elliptic acuminate wings 4.5-5 mm. long, nearly half as wide,
cuneate-rounded at base, conspicuously 3-nerved; keel 4.7 mm. long;
capsule ovate-oblong, 3 mm. long, 1.3 mm. wide; seed obconic,
sericeous, with apical coma 2.5 mm. long, the bilobed aril 0.3 mm.
long (after Blake). — P. variabilis HBK., 180, conic-capitate smaller
flowers, the wings rounded or submucronulate; P. glochidiata HBK.,
164, several whorls of leaves below, densely glandular, flowers about
2.5 mm. long in cylindric racemes, seed with uncinate trichomes,
aril obsolete. All these species, rather widely distributed into South
America from the northern areas, could occur. — Illustrated, Chodat,
pi. 21, fig. 41 (not pi. 22, as cited), seed and flower parts. F.M.
Neg. 34966.
Peru (probably). Mexico and the West Indies to South America.
Polygala macerrima Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 43: 5. 1930.
Completely glabrous erect annual or with several erect branches,
the alternate linear leaves, or the upper linear-subulate, mostly
deciduous at anthesis, the lower 10-18 mm. long, acuminate, 1-
nerved; peduncles terminal, 1 cm. long or shorter, the slender cylin-
drical racemes acute, 2.5-8 (axis to 26) cm. long, 4-6.5 mm. thick,
dense or rather lax, the erose-denticulate bracts deciduous; pedicels
0.8-1.2 mm. long, widely spreading or deflexed in fruit; flowers rose-
purple or violet-pink, upper sepal oval, 1.2 mm. long, erose, 1-nerved,
lower narrower; wings elliptic-obovate, 2-2.2 mm. long, 3 mm. wide;
upper petal obliquely oblong-ovate, about 5-nerved, 2.2-2.5 mm.
long, keel 2.5-2.8 mm. long, crest deeply multifid; capsule equaling
or somewhat longer than the wings, oval, about 1.8 mm. long;
seeds pilose, oblong-ellipsoid, obtuse each end, 1.5-1.7 mm. long,
the bilobed aril about a third as long. — Similar to P. gracilis HBK.
(Colombia and Venezuela to Mexico) with raceme axis finely
pubescent, pedicels erect or suberect, capsules noticeably shorter
than the wings (Blake).
Peru (probably). Colombia; Bolivia.
Polygala macrostachya Chodat, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 4: 234.
1896.
Leaves lanceolate, subobtuse, 9 cm. long, 3.4 cm. wide, about
equaled by the flowering racemes, these rather lax and finally much
FLORA OF PERU 901
elongating; flowers 6-7 mm. long; seeds densely hirsute, aril broad,
not at all lucid. — Said by author to be allied to his P. Lindeni, 44,
of section Hebeclada.
Peru(?): (Pavon, type in British Museum).
Polygala Mathusiana Chodat, Monogr. pt. 2: 231. 1893.
Stems simple at the terete subligneous base, erect, branched
only above, somewhat tuberculate from bases of fallen leaves, gla-
brous, to 3 dm. high; branches many, erect, terminating in racemes
1-2 dm. long; lower leaves sometimes verticillate but often all alter-
nate, numerous, linear, 4-8 mm. long, 0.5-0.8 mm. wide, rather
thick, glabrous, acute, those toward raceme shorter but cuspidate;
flowering portion of racemes 2-3 cm. long; bracts deciduous; pedicels
about 0.5 mm. long, glabrous; flowers 3-3.5 mm. long, roseate; outer
sepals unequal, the upper broadly ovate, the lower lanceolate ones
half as wide; wings narrowly elliptic, attenuate both ends, equaling
the long beautifully cristate keel; anthers subsessile on the tube;
the upper petal one-half connate, long-attenuate; style not longer
than ovary; upper stigma crests not at all stiped; capsule oblong,
3 mm. long, 1.2 mm. wide, acute both ends, minutely tuberculate,
equaling wings; seeds oblong, appressed pilose, dorsal face a little
curved; caruncle obsolete, the appendage three times shorter than
seed, little longer than broad. — P. boliviensis Bennett, 176, has
longer leaves, nearly linear capsules, long-conic acute seeds, small
bilobed aril, trichomes short, rigid.
Cajamarca: Between valleys of Tabaconas and Maranon, Weber-
bauer 6177 (det. Chodat). — Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Matthews,
type (herb. Delessert).
Polygala nemoralis Bennett, Journ. Bot. 17: 172. 1879; 143.
Entirely glabrous herb unless for the early puberulent terete
stems, these soon glabrescent with strict branches, leaves verticil-
late or most of them, subsessile, ovate-lanceolate, acute, about 4 cm.
long, 8 mm. wide, pale beneath, only the central nerve prominent;
racemes terminal, subsessile, about 5 cm. long, the bracts caducous;
flowers rose-colored, 3 mm. long or longer; sepals unequal, the outer
much narrower than the elliptic 3-nerved upper, the wings elliptic,
rounded apically, little longer than the corolla; middle nerve simple,
lateral nerves once branched, 4 mm. long; upper petals very unequal,
obliquely rounded, not rhomboid, twice longer than broad; keel crest
much laciniate; anthers subsessile; ovary glabrous, upper stigma
902 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
vaginiform, prolonged into an erect cristate appendage; capsules
elliptic, subequaling wings, with oblong subfalcate sparsely pilose
seeds with wide white aril three-fourths as long. — After Chodat,
who limited the species to the Bolivian type, Mandon 839; Blake
accepted this, referring the other specimens included by Bennett to
the northern P. aparinoides H. & A. The Peruvian specimens have
narrower leaves, longer in the Weberbauer, shorter in mine. Illus-
trated (flowers and seed), Chodat, pi. 20.
Cajamarca: Above Tabaconas, Weberbauer 6274. — Hudnuco:
Huacachi near Mufia, 3893 (det. Chodat, "spec, nov.," ined.).
Bolivia.
Polygala paludosa St. Hil. Fl. Bras. 2: 8. 1829; 226; Blake, 97.
P. leptocaulis T. & G. FL N. Amer. 1: 130. 1838, fide Blake. P.
alopecurus Chodat, Monogr. pt. 2: 227. pi. 24, figs. 6-7. 1893?
Glabrous; stems erect, slender, 2-6 dm. high, simple, or above
with a few very slender elongate branches terminating in racemes
2-9 cm. long or longer, the nearly filiform pedicels (-1 mm. long)
finally recurving; leaves linear-aciculate, 5-25 mm. long; flowers
often roseate, 1.5-2 mm. long, the subequal outer sepals ovate-
lanceolate, wings elliptic, 3-nerved or nearly 1-nerved, little longer
than the crested keel (2 mm. long); upper petal lanceolate, subretuse;
anthers subsessile on the tube; capsule oblong-elliptic, with a row
of glands each side of septum, subequaling wings; seeds oblong-
elliptic; aril minute, bilobed, appressed, obtuse both ends, slightly
puberulent, 1.2 mm. long (Blake). — Svenson, Amer. Journ. Bot. 33:
458. 1946, has noted that Chodat's illustration of the seed of P.
alopecurus matches that which he shows for the species of St. Hilaire,
both with aril only one-tenth length of seed, the author's key
character for his species, "aril one-half length of seed" evidently
an error. Since Svenson found seeds 1.5 mm. long in specimen from
Colombia (det. Blake, P. leptocaulis) and seeds averaging 1.1 mm.
long in P. alopecurus, from general type region (Chanduy), it is
probable, as he states, that the latter is no more than a small-seeded
variation of P. leptocaulis which in turn seems not clearly separable
from the Brazilian plant. According to Wm. Hunter (cf. Svenson)
this "purple flowered grass" appears only in occasional years. Illus-
trated, Chodat, I.e. figs. 4, 5.
Piura: La Libertad, (Svenson 11192). Salinas, (Svenson 11206;
11399). Ecuador; Brazil; North America?
FLORA OF PERU 903
Polygala paniculata L. Amoen. Acad. 5: 402. 1759; 229;
Blake, 99.
Annual, paniculately branched above from a slender perpendicular
root, the lower simple part of the stem sometimes subligneous, gla-
brate, the slender erect densely leafy branches terminating in spici-
form laxly-flowered racemes 3-6 cm. long; leaves (as stems) alternate
unless below, linear or lanceolate-linear, acute both ends, 8-18 mm.
long, 0.5-2.5 mm. wide, more or less minutely glandular; flowers
about 2.5 mm. long, finally pendulous, the slender rachis becoming
sparsely tuberculate; bracts narrow, deciduous; outer sepals sub-
petaloid, the upper broadly ovate, biglandular at base, the anterior
narrowly elliptic as the twice as long wings; wings barely twice longer
than broad, equaling or little exceeding the filamentose-crested keel,
this 2-2.5 mm. long, with which the upper narrowly lanceolate
acuminate petal is one-third connate; stamens glabrous, the anthers
shorter than the filaments; capsule elliptic, little if at all longer than
the persisting wings; seeds 1.5 mm. long, oblong, hirsute, with two
scarious aril lobes 0.4-0.8 mm. long. — Petals pinkish-blue (Killip
& Smith), or white or tinted. Determinations except as noted by
Standley. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 3: pi. 11.
Huanuco: Mito, grassy slope, 3267 (det. Blake). Tingo Maria,
Soukup 2266. Maria del Valle, 3554 (det. Blake).— San Martin:
Juanjui, Klug 4319. Zepelacio, Klug 3286. San Roque, Williams
7138; 7452; 7686—Junin: La Merced, shaded bank, 700 meters,
Killip & Smith 23678 (det. Killip).— Ayacucho: Aina, Killip &
Smith 22567. — Cuzco: On recent landslide, Cook & Gilbert 1497; at
950 meters, Bues. — Loreto: Fortaleza, Klug 2830. Balsapuerto,
Klug 2860. To Mexico, Brazil and the West Indies.
Polygala peruviana Bennett, Journ. Bot. 17: 173. 1879; 146.
Stems ascending, terete, 3 dm. long or longer, simple and glabrous
below; leaves linear-lanceolate, attenuate both ends, acute, 2.5 cm.
long, 5 mm. wide, glabrous, midnerve prominent, lower verticillate;
racemes terminal, 3-5 cm. long; bracts deciduous; flowers 3 mm. long,
the pubescent pedicels short; outer sepals linear-lanceolate, sub-
pubescent, ciliate, two lower approximate; wings narrowly elliptic,
twice as long as the outer sepals; capsules suborbicular, emarginate,
equaling the wings; seeds curved, pilose, equaled by their 2 arils.—
Near P. nemoralis Bennett but with much smaller narrower leaves,
lower stem often naked, pedicels longer, entire plant somewhat more
pubescent (Bennett).
904 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Junin: Oxapampa, Soukup 2418 (det. Killip). — Puno: Among
mosses, Tatanara, (Lechler 2629, type, herb. Kew).
Polygala Pearcei Bennett, Journ. Bot. 17: 201. 1879; 152.
Glabrous angulate ascending stems 3-4.5 dm. high, the distantly
4-5-verticillate leaves 12 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, lanceolate, thick,
rugose, revolute, sparse above; racemes peduncled, 2.5-5 cm. long,
the roseate 3 mm. long flowers on short slender pedicels with lanceo-
late acuminate deciduous bracts; outer sepals subequal, ovate, half
longer than the wings, exceeding the corolla; keel-crests with long,
slender fimbriae; lateral petals divided nearly to base, sublonger
than keel; style curved, much dilated medially or also winged;
capsule elliptic, emarginate; seeds brown-sericeous, the two broad
membranous appendages half as long. — Not seen by Chodat; marked
according to the author by the distant (12-20 mm. apart) thick
revolute leaves, long peduncles, and lateral petals.
Peru(?): Mufia (Huanuco?), Pearce, type.
Polygala platycarpa Benth. PI. Hartw. 115. 1843; 25.
Erect or ascending, subsimple, 2-5 dm. high; puberulent leaves
subsessile, ovate, cuspidate, long-acuminate but not mucronate,
6-8 cm. long, 2.5-4.5 cm. wide, thin, sparsely hirtellous and ciliate
above, lightly pubescent beneath especially on midnerve and slender
veins; racemes terminal or axillary, 6-8 cm. long, axis pubescent;
bracts linear; pedicels hirsute, 2-3 mm. long; flowers 7-8 mm. long;
outer sepals lance-linear, acute, long-ciliate; wings narrowly elliptic,
obscurely ciliate, glabrous beneath, longer than keel; filaments
pilose; upper stigma involved in appendage; capsule subcordate-
orbicular, ciliate, scarcely emarginate; aril papyraceous, semi-
orbicular.— F.M. Neg. 13044.
Peru(?): Pav6n, herb. Boissier, fide Chodat. Ecuador.
Polygala Ruiziana Chodat, Monogr. pt. 2: 145. 1893.
Stems many, ligneous at base, angulate, densely leafy; leaves
petiolate, regularly 4 or 5 verticillate, equaling or longer than the
short internodes, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute, mucronate,
coriaceous, revolute, glabrous; sepals coriaceous, in length subequal,
the upper broader, 3-nerved, elliptic, the lower lanceolate-oblong,
subacute; wings distinctly clawed, little longer than corolla, elliptic,
3-5-nerved, the middle nerves few-branched, branches bifid, none
anastomosing; upper petals ligulate, slightly inequilateral, oblong,
FLORA OF PERU 905
subequal keel three times longer than wide, one-third connate with
staminal tube; crests many, conspicuous, more than half as long as
keel; stamens glabrous, the filaments much longer than ovoid anthers;
stigma crested; capsule elliptic; seeds oblong-subfalcate, reddish
sericeous, the linear appendage half as long. — Illustrated, Chodat,
I.e. pi 20, fig. 27 (flower).
Peru: Pavdn, type.
Polygala scleroxylon Ducke, Trop. Woods 50: 35. 1937.
Branchlets usually opposite, angulate, flattened at apex, often
spinose in the forks, the vegetative parts entirely glabrous; petioles
usually opposite, enlarged and articulate at base, 4-8 mm. long;
leaves ovate, lanceolate or oblong, obtuse and complicate at base,
shortly or rather long- but obtusely acuminate, 6-14 cm. long, 2.5-
6 cm. wide, entire, subcoriaceous, concolored but yellowish in drying,
lustrous above, midnerve little prominent, the slender 6-10 lateral
nerves anastomosing before the margin; inflorescence axillary, basal
bracts small, rigid, pilose; peduncle 5-8 mm. long, erect, puberulent;
3 outer sepals 3 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, convex, apically puberulent,
2 interior caducous, aliform, spreading, 6-8 mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide,
long-clawed, glabrous, yellow; lower petals scarcely 3 mm. long,
clavate-oblong, 2 upper 7-8 mm. long, narrow, dilated toward tip,
pale yellow, obscurely violet spotted, glabrous except ciliolate base;
stamen tube 7 mm. long; style glabrous, compressed below, upper
third recurved; stigma subcapitate; fruit unknown. — Section Acan-
thoclados, the type 15 meters tall with dense hard wood, opposite
leaves, yellow flowers; from Huymata.
San Martin: Juanjui, King 4344 (det. Killip); also 3830 (det.
Standley, Securidaca, sp. nov.). Brazil.
Polygala spectabilis DC. Prodr. 1: 331. 1824; 79.
Shrubby, to a meter or more high, the leafy flowering branches
puberulent, the elliptic-lanceolate acuminate leaves glabrous or
nearly, 5-10 cm. long, 2.5-4 cm. wide, more or less oblique at base;
racemes terminal or in the upper axils, puberulent as the pedicels,
these 4-5 mm. long, the bracts deciduous; buds subglobose; outer
sepals very unequal, wings suborbicular, 6-8 mm. long or soon much
longer, eciliate, the glabrous petals a third longer; style much en-
larged at curved tip; capsules obcordate, as long as the persisting
wings, the sericeous conical seeds crowned with rather broad shorter
dependent aril. — Flowers apparently sometimes attain 4 cm. but
906 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
according to Chodat only 2-2.5 cm. In my specimens the wings are
12 mm. long, green with purple margin, corolla 2 cm. long, cream-
colored; the leaves are about 8 cm. long, 2-2.5 cm. wide. Illustrated,
Deless. Icones 3. pi. 18.
Junin: Hacienda Schunke, La Merced, 1-3 meter half-shrub in
sunny brush, 5763; also, Schunke 1585 (both det. Chodat). Brazil.
Polygala translucida Chodat, Bot. Jahrb. 52: Beibl. 115: 77.
1914.
Annual, from a short little branched root, the erect stem 5 dm.
high or higher, the branches corymbose, pubescent with incurved
and spreading trichomes; petioles to 1 mm. long; leaves very thin
(nerves erect-spreading), ovate-lanceolate, acute and shortly mucro-
nate, ciliolate, 3.5-5 cm. long, 12-20 mm. wide; racemes supra-
axillary, very slender, axis (0.4 mm. thick) pubescent, 5-12 cm. long;
pedicels filiform, 2 (-4) mm. long; outer sepals glandular pilose, 2
lower two-thirds connate, very acute, reticulate; wings broadly ovate
or suborbicular, equilateral, nerves more or less anastomosing; keel
apically sinuate-rugose; ovary glabrous; stigma lateral; capsule
shorter than wings, emarginate; seeds cylindric, sericeous, 2 mm. long,
aril 1 mm. long. — Like P. orobus Chodat, 51, of Brazil (Hebeclada)
but wings not at all cuneate, racemes conspicuously extra-axillary,
flowers a little large (Chodat). Petals greenish-white, tipped vari-
ously with purple (Stork).
Piura: At Serran, southeast of Piura, about 300 meters, Weber-
bauer 5982, type; Stork 11377 (det. Johnst.).
Polygala violacea Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 79. 1791; 58.
Stems ascending-erect or decumbent at the often subligneous
base, 1-several dm. high, pubescent or the branches hirsute; petioles
2 mm. long; leaves ovate-lanceolate, more or less acuminate, 2.5-5
cm. long, 12-16(20) mm. wide, pale green, puberulent or on the
veins beneath pubescent and with a few white trichomes above,
ciliate, pellucid punctate; racemes mostly terminal, laxly flowered,
2.5-4 cm. long; bracts lanceolate, ciliate, deciduous, subequaling the
2-4 mm. long (1 mm. long, Chodat) pedicels, these articulate at
base, deflexed; flowers 4(5) mm. long and wide, outer sepals puberu-
lent, subequal, the 2 lower coalescent, ciliate, the violet wings gla-
brous (or ciliolate?), orbicular, longer than the ciliate keel, persisting
and subequaling the capsule, this elliptic, 2.5-3 cm. wide, 4 mm.
long, glabrous but ciliolate marginally; upper petal nearly free,
FLORA OF PERU 907
roseate, subhirsute within below and apically dilated; seeds very
villous. — Found at La Paz according to Bennett and so to be ex-
pected in southern Peru. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 3:
pis. 5 and 30 (seed); Chodat, I.e. pi. 15 (upper petal and capsule).
Peru (probably). Widely distributed in warmer regions.
Polygala Weberbaueri Chodat, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 97. 1908.
Annual or perhaps biennial with short simple erect stems (often
solitary), sometimes ligneous at base, slender, 5-7 mm. thick, 1-2.5
dm. high, branches if present few, erect; leaves alternate or the lower
verticillate, linear, acutish, 6-10 mm. long, 0.5-1 mm. wide, glabrous,
caducous; racemes elongate, axis erect, slender, scarcely tuberculate,
pedicels 0.6 mm. long, finally recurving; flowers to 4 mm. long, green-
ish-purple; sepal glabrous, upper ovate, 3-nerved, the nerves usually
simple, upper petals rhombic, very acute, equaling or longer than
the much cristate keel; ovary retuse; style curved; stigma oblique;
capsules ovoid, glabrous, shorter than the straw-colored wings;
seeds cylindric, obtuse with much shorter broad appendages.—
Var. dolichocarpa Chodat, I.e. is said to have more ellipsoid capsules,
scarcely shorter than the wings, and purple flowers — maybe a more
mature status. Affine P. boliviensis Bennett, 176, according to the
author, but capsules shorter than wings, seeds not at all acute, upper
petals broader. F.M. Neg. 13057.
Cajamarca: In grass-shrubs, 2,600 meters, Hacienda La Tahona
to Hualgayoc, Weberbauer 4038, type, and, for the variety, 4153.
2. BREDEMEYERA Willd.
With many of the characters of Polygala but probably always
more or less scandent, never herbaceous, sepals always deciduous,
petals never cristate. Stigma curved. Capsules cuneate-spathulate
or obovate, usually emarginate, often inequilateral. Seeds estrophio-
late and with a silky coma as long as or longer than the body.
Flowers about 4tmm. long or longer; leaves usually drying greenish
with yellowish veins B. floribunda.
Flowers 2-3 mm. long or shorter; leaves usually darkening in drying,
or brownish.
Wings glabrous; leaves about a third as wide as long, or acuminate.
Leaves typically glabrous, somewhat ovate-acuminate.
B. myrtifolia.
908 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Leaves softly pubescent beneath, oblong-elliptic, acute.
B. densiflora.
Wings puberulent; leaves elliptic, shortly acute, nearly half as
wide as long B. altissima.
Bredemeyera altissima (P. & E.) Bennett in Mart. Fl. Bras.
13, pt. 3: 50. 1874. Catocoma altissima Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen.
&Sp. 3:65. pi. 273. 1845.
Flowering branches including the ample branching panicles
puberulent, the leaves soon glabrous, lustrous, subcoriaceous, elliptic,
acute or abruptly apiculate, typically to 1.5 dm. long and half as
wide or in Peru much smaller; sepals ovate, puberulent as the ciliate
concave orbicular wings, the greenish-yellow or white fragrant
flowers 2-3 mm. long; style enlarged and rectangularly curved
medially; fruit broadly obovate, emarginate, 8-10 mm. long, 4-6 mm.
wide. — Apparently, as Bennett suggested, should include the smaller-
leaved B. lucida (Benth.) Bennett, I.e. page 51, which may be the
Peruvian plant, B. altissima var. amazonica Chodat, in herb,
differt foliis elliptico-lanceolatis minoribus.
Loreto: Mishuyacu near Iquitos, Klug 405, type, var.; also
1547. Brazil.
Bredemeyera densiflora Bennett in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 3:
52. 1874.
Glabrous or usually soft pubescent, especially the leaves beneath,
these subcoriaceous, elliptic, acuminate, about 4 cm. long and half
as wide; flowers greenish-white, densely crowded, a mm. or at least
scarcely 2 mm. long in narrow panicles 7-15 cm. long, leafy below;
bracts long-ciliate; outer sepals subequal, triangular, ciliate, the wings
and petals glabrous; style curved. — Much more information is
necessary before the taxonomic significance of the differences ob-
served, apparently slight, between the few collections known for
many of the recognized species here and in the other genera, will be
clear and their importance proved. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras.
l.c. pi. 18. F.M. Neg. 13078.
San Martin: Rio Mayo near Tarapoto, Spruce 4801 (under name
Catacoma parviflora~). Lamas, Williams 6397; also Mathews 162 Ibis.
Guiana.
Bredemeyera floribunda Willd. Neue Schrift. Ges. Naturf.
Freunde Berlin 3: 411. pi. 6. 1801; Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 3: 48.
1874.
FLORA OF PERU 909
Flowering branchlets slightly puberulent, the divaricate branches
of the often large basally leafy panicles usually more densely, as
also the upper petioles, these 5-8 mm. long; leaves oblong-elliptic,
acute, somewhat lustrous above, drying yellowish-green, duller and
glabrous or puberulent beneath, mostly 7-10 cm. long, 2.5-4 cm.
wide, the fine yellowish nerves and veins about equally prominent
both sides; flowers about 4-5 mm. long (5-6 mm., white, very
fragrant, abundant: Dugand); pedicels 2 mm. long; lower outer
sepals suborbicular, concave, ciliate; wings 4 mm. long, half as wide,
ciliate and pubescent within, often yellow, the keel usually greenish;
stamen sheath notably ciliate; ovary hirsute; style little curved;
fruit glandular or puberulent, 12 mm. long, a fourth as wide (truncate,
15-19 mm. long: Dugand) with brown lustrous sericeous and comate
seeds. — My specimens were from slender open shrub, wood-edge,
long branches liana-like in trees or sunny brush. Flowers have been
described as fragrant, greenish-yellow and white and the lower
stems as a dm. thick or larger. The Amazonian B. brevifolia Klotzch
has leaves softly pubescent, at least beneath, 2.5-4 cm. long, 2-2.5
cm. wide, white flowers and finally glabrous fruits. Illustrated, St.
Hil. Fl. Bras. 2. pi 91 (as Comesperma). F.M. Neg. 13079.
Junin: Hacienda Schunke above San Ramon, 561 0; 5807; Schunke
A117 (det. Killip); also 1376; 1470; 280. Brazil; Colombia.
Bredemeyera myrtifolia [Spruce] Bennett in Mart. Fl. Bras.
13, pt. 3: 50. 1874. B. parviflora [Spruce] Bennett, I.e. 51, fide
Chodat in herb.
Scandent branches puberulent; petioles short; leaves ovate-
elliptic, more or less acuminate, 4-5(7) cm. long, about half as wide,
glabrous, lustrous, subcoriaceous; panicles yellowish or golden
puberulent, the branches often remote but the small yellow-green
flowers approximate; outer sepals ovate, ciliate, the orbicular
mucronulate wings glabrous as the small upper petals, the keel
obsoletely ciliate below; staminal sheath hirsute above; ovary
glabrous; style sparsely pubescent, rectangularly curved. — Bennett
had noted the mucronation of the wings, the distinctive character
for B. parviflora, as variable. Determinations by Chodat. Illus-
trated, Mart. Fl. Bras. I.e. pi. 18.
San Martin: Lamas near Tarapoto, Mathews 1621. — Lore to:
Mishuyacu near Iquitos, Klug 29; 293. Iquitos, Sandeman 2284;
Williams 3653; 3700; 8092; Killip & Smith 26952; 26972. Lower
Rio Nanay, Williams 655. Brazil.
910 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
3. SECURIDACAL.
Reference: A. J. P. Oort, Med. Bot. Mus. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 71.
1939.
Scandent shrubs with the characters in general of the other
groups but sepals usually deciduous and with compressed 1-celled
ovary gibbous above and 1-ovuled with lateral curved style and
simple stigma, and, most distinctively, a dry indehiscent rugose or
hirsute fruit with a large erect wing and 1 estrophiolate naked seed.—
While Oort's work, except for S. volubilis, is not descriptive it is
highly valuable in its interpretation of earlier species; acknowledg-
ment of my indebtedness is made with pleasure.
Leaf-nervation not prominent above, the leaves softly puberulent-
tomentose, especially beneath.
Leaves mostly or all 4-6 cm. long, (1.5)2-3.5 cm. wide; wings
ciliate S. volubilis.
Leaves mostly 2-3 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide; wings glabrous or
nearly S. rivinaefolia.
Leaf-nervation prominently reticulate above where often glabrous
or puberulent beneath, the texture firm.
Inflorescence as long or longer than the leaves.
Leaves somewhat puberulent; flowers 8-11 mm. long.
Pedicels 4-7 mm. long; fruit wing 3-5 cm. long; leaves often
ovate, about a third longer than wide. . . .S. diversifolia.
Pedicels 1-3 mm. long; fruit wing about 1 cm. long; leaves
often oblong-elliptic, many about twice as long as wide.
S. longifolia.
Leaves glabrous or nearly; flower 4-6 mm. long; pedicels
0.5-2 mm. long; fruit 4-6-ribbed, the wing at most 22 mm.
long S. paniculata.
Inflorescence axillary, far exceeded by the large leaves.
S. macrophylla.
Securidaca diversifolia (L.) Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23:
594. 1923; 680. Polygala diversifolia L. Sp. PL 703. 1753. S. mollis
HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 421. 1823 (as var., below). S. volubilis
L. var. mollis (HBK.) Bennett in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 3: 62.
1874. S. pubescens DC. and var. ovata DC. Prodr. 1: 341. 1824.
Similar to S. volubilis with which it apparently sometimes
merges, but the leaves, however variable in shape and size, are
FLORA OF PERU 911
characteristically reticulate-veined on the upper surface, the fruit
thin-walled and slightly reticulate (Oort); petioles typically several
mm. long, the leaves nearly glabrous or minutely puberulous except
in the variety mollis; flowers pale lilac to cerise or the keel yellowish;
wings emarginate, 8.3-11.8 mm. long (Blake). — According to Oort
the var. mollis (HBK.) Oort, 681, is very near but has broader leaves
with petioles only 1-2 mm. long, the indument soft and denser.
S. amazonica Chodat, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 22: 427. 1905
of Putumayo region, Colombia and probably also in Peru, seems to
belong here or to be scarcely separable. F.M. Negs. 34938 (S.
pubescens); 34985 (S. mollis).
San Martin: Zepelacio, Klug 3710 (det. Standley, S. longifolia).
Juanjui, Klug 1*350 (det. Standley, S. volubilis). Tarapoto, Spruce
4853 (var.). — Huanuco: Shapajilla, 630 meters, Woytkowski 35 (det.
Standley, S. longifolia). — Junin: Vitoc, near San Ramon, Soukup
2471 (det. Killip, S. volubilis). — Loreto: Gonzalo-Vijil road, Iquitos,
Mexia 6516 (det. Standley, S. volubilis). Without locality, Pav6n
(var. mollis, fide Oort). To Central America.
Securidaca longifolia Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 66.
1845.
Branchlets, densely flowered inflorescences and leaves beneath
minutely puberulent; petioles about 4 mm. long; leaves, at least
those of flowering branchlets, unequal in size and shape but the larger
usually rather oblong-elliptic, 1-1.5 dm. long, 5-6 cm. wide, the
smaller more ovate, all acute or barely acuminate, often rounded or
subcordulate at base, prominently reticulate-veined and slightly
lustrous above; racemes axillary and terminal, sometimes 1.5 dm.
long, the showy violet flowers about 10 mm. long, crowded because
of the short pedicels in anthesis, these scarcely 3 mm. long even in
fruit; wings puberulent, enlarged in age; keel beautifully cristate;
fruit with wing less than 2 cm. long, corrugate-rugose, with rather
prominent dorsal wing, the proper wing about 1 cm. long. — Illus-
trated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 3: pi 24. F.M. Neg. 32383.
Loreto: Rio Itaya, Williams 121; 122. Iquitos, Williams 3668;
Klug 425 (both det. Chodat); Klug 687; Killip & Smith 27038
(distr. as S. Hostmanni). Brazil.
Securidaca macrophylla Benth. ex Walp. Repert. Bot. 1 : 247.
1842, at least as to name. Corytholobium macrophyllum Benth. Ann.
Naturh. Hofmus. Wien 2: 93. 1838. Monnina calophylla Poepp. &
Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 66. 1845. S. decora Poepp. & Endl. I.e.?
912 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
(not seen). S. Corytholobium [Benth.] Bennett in Mart. Fl. Bras.
13, pt. 3: 68. 1874.
Glabrous; petioles 5 mm. long; leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic,
rarely ovate-elliptic, 1.5-2 dm. long, 8-15 cm. wide, rounded cordu-
late at base, obtusely or shortly and obtusely acuminate, lustrous
and strongly reticulate-venose above, paler, dull, both nerves and
veins prominent beneath; racemes 2-4, axillary, to 2 cm. long,
puberulent; pedicels to 5 mm. long or longer; flowers 6-8 mm.
long; sepals broadly ovate, acute, little ciliate; wings glabrous or
minutely ciliolate, suborbiculate; lateral petals erect, keel cucullate,
ecristate, glabrous; fruit coriaceous, glabrous, 2 cm. long, 12-18
mm. wide, reticulate, the oblique wing 6-8 mm. long, 14 mm. wide.—
Distinctive by the large leaves and the short axillary inflorescences.
Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 3: pi. 26.
Loreto: In clearing, Mishuyacu near Iquitos, Klug 233. Brazil.
Securidaca paniculata Rich. Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1:
111. 1792; 682. S. Hostmanni Miq. Stirp. Surin: Sel. 30. 1850,
fide Oort.
Glabrous except for the minute puberulence of the branches,
petioles, these 2-4 mm. long, and sepals; racemes often several,
axillary and paniculate at apex of branches, the pale lilac to violet
flowers 4-6 mm. long on pedicels 0.5-2 mm. long; outer sepals ciliate,
glabrous within, subequal; wings suborbicular, ciliate toward claw,
re volute apically; upper petals ligulate, erect; keel lacerate-dentate,
pubescent without; ovary glabrous; style curved to horizontal above
(after Bennett). — The Peruvian material has oblong-elliptic leaves
rounded or cordulate at base, shortly acuminate, equally prominently
reticulate both sides, glabrous or nearly, mostly 8-10 cm. long, 4.5-
5.5 cm. wide. According to Oort the shape and size of fruit and
wings vary much but the 4-6 longitudinal ribs are prominent at
least in the fertile and the proper wing is never longer than 22 mm.
(Oort). Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 3: pi. 25; Oort, I.e.
pi 13 (fruits). F.M. Neg. 13094 (S. Hostmanni).
San Martin: Zepelacio, Klug 3659 (det. Standley). — Loreto:
Mishuyacu, Klug 1371; 1298; 1352. Iquitos region, Tessmann 3598;
5335 (det. Oort). To the Guianas.
Securidaca rivinaefolia St. Hil. Fl. Bras. 2: 69. 1829; 685.
Much like S. volubilis but the softly tomentose leaves (usually
tomentose both sides) only 2-3 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide unless for an
FLORA OF PERU 913
occasional one about 4 cm. long, 2.5 cm. wide, typically barely
acute; flowers 6-8 mm. long, lilac or rose color, on pedicels 2-4 mm.
long; sepals tomentose; wings orbicular, in type glabrous or scarcely
ciliate; fruits tomentose typically, including the proper wing, 3-4
cm. long. — The var. parvifolia [Spruce] Bennett, Mart. Fl. Bras. 13,
pt. 3: 65, has oblong-elliptic leaves 2.5 cm. long, 1 cm. wide, densely
tomentose both sides, obtuse or emarginate, the scarcely veiny fruit
3 cm. long or longer. More material in fruit may show the Peruvian
plant to be specifically distinct, as Chodat in herb, has suggested;
aberrant, too, is Klug 3311, which may be designated var. seorsa
Macbr., var. nov., differt alis puberulis. Illustrated, Mart. Fl.
Bras. 13, pt. 3: pi 30, B, fig. 7 (fruit). F.M. Neg. 21389 (var.).
Cajamarca: Tambillo, Jelski 230; Stork & Norton 10176 —
Huanuco: Hacienda Mercedes, Churubamba, 1,750 meters, Mexia
8230 (det. Standley). Cuchero, Poeppig. San Martin: Juanjui,
Klug 3311 (type, var. seorsa). — Loreto: Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 96
(var.; det. Standley, S. parvifolia). Iquitos, Killip & Smith 29840;
Williams 3732. Mishuyacu, Klug 324; 1171. Rio Nanay, Williams
776; 1100; 1150. To Guiana and Central Brazil. "Coca-sisa,"
"enredadera."
Securidaca volubilis L. Sp. PI. 707. 1753; 679.
Scandent, the newer parts densely puberulent; petioles 2-4 mm.
long; leaves elliptic-ovate, subcuneate at base, rounded at tip,
1.5-3.5 cm. wide, 3-6 cm. long, opaque and softly puberulent
especially beneath, nervation obscure, margins little thickened and
involute; racemes terminal and axillary, rather lax; pedicels 4-5 mm.
long; flowers 8-10 mm. long, violet; sepals puberulent without;
wings equilateral or inequilateral, obtuse, ciliate; outer petals
spathulate-ovate, obtuse; keel cristate; fruit 4.5-6 cm. long; seed
part globose, 10-12 mm. in diameter, appendage membranous,
reticulate; wing 3.5-5 cm. long, acute or obtuse, dorsal wing small,
membranous, partly connate with proper wing (after Oort).
Peru(?): Without locality, Poeppig, fide Oort. To the Guianas.
4. MONNINA R. & P.
By Ramdn Ferreyra
Reference: Ramon Ferreyra, Journ. Arnold Arb. 27: 123-167.
1946.
Herbs, shrubs or trees sometimes scandent with alternate entire
leaves, unless in M. menthoides, rarely 1-nerved; racemes terminal
914 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
or axillary, rarely aggregate, the peduncle usually bracted above.
Sepals 5, the 3 outer free, herbaceous or the 2 lower united, the 2
inner (wings) petaloid, usually much larger and more or less concave.
Petals 3, the lower (keel) carinate, the 2 upper ligulate, usually
elongate, united below to the staminal sheath. Stamens 8 or 6,
the filaments united nearly to apex into a sheath or split on the upper
side; anthers 1- to 2-celled, sometimes emarginate or mucronate.
Ovary rarely 2-celled; style geniculate, exceptionally rather straight,
sometimes auricled; stigma with 2 dissimilar lobes, the lower more
or less acute, the upper papillose with one or two tubercles. Disk
ordinarily reduced to a gland at base of ovary. Fruit a drupe with
thin fleshy coat, rugose, sometimes samaroid, narrowly and sub-
equally winged.
With the author's approval I have compiled this for him; the
wording is thus, for convenience and in the interest of uniformity,
often mine and of course I take responsibility for omissions and
mistakes. I take great pleasure in having Dr. Ferreyra as a con-
tributor and hope that Peruvian botanists will have the opportunity
to take an ever greater part in the study of their economically im-
portant but little known flora.
M . polygaloides Chodat was apparently never described; M. nitida
Chodat, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 130. 1895, based on a specimen by
Pavon, possibly from Peru, cannot be placed from description and
is essentially a nomen nudum; M. rugosa Chodat I.e. 4: 251. 1896,
based upon a plant collected in Peru but without other data, is also
unrecognizable from the inadequate description.
Plants annual, rarely frutescent, small; fruit usually winged, rarely
without wings.
Androecium with 6, rarely with 8, stamens; style with 2 auricles.
Stem relatively thick, to 25 dm. high; lower leaves ovate-
lanceolate, the upper linear-lanceolate M. pterocarpa.
Stem slender, always less than 10 dm. high; lower leaves linear-
lanceolate or oblanceolate.
Racemes usually with a short axis, 1-2.8 dm. long; leaves
obtuse or emarginate, sometimes acuminate; wing of
fruit almost always purple M . amarella.
Racemes always with a long axis, 1.8-4.5 dm. long; leaves
acute; wing of fruit greenish.
Lower leaves filiform; fruit puberulous; stamens united.
M. filifolia.
FLORA OF PERU 915
Lower leaves lanceolate; fruit glabrous; stamens free in the
upper part, unequal M. graminea.
Androecium always with 8 stamens; style without auricles.
Ovary puberulous; stamens united for two- thirds their length,
the free part conspicuous; style geniculate from near its
base; fruit cordiform, densely puberulous M. herbacea.
Ovary glabrous; stamens entirely united; style nearly straight
or geniculate below the apex; fruit ovate, glabrescent, some-
times finely puberulous.
Leaves linear; keel glabrous within, the apex emarginate;
upper petals elongate-spathulate.
Root thick, subfrutescent; leaves revolute; lower sepals
3-nerved, ciliate; style thicker toward apex; fruit
puberulous M. ramosa.
Root thin, herbaceous; leaves not at all revolute; lower
sepals 1-nerved, eciliate; style cylindric; fruit glabres-
cent M. Macbridei.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate; keel puberulous within, the apex
acute; upper petals short.
Flowers white; lower sepals glabrous; base of keel obtuse,
glabrous; fruit puberulous M. arenicola.
Flowers not white; lower sepals ciliate; base of keel acute,
ciliate; fruit glabrescent.
Drupe to 3 mm. long; upper sepal to 3-nerved, glabrous
beneath; upper stigma-lobe short. . .M. Weberbaueri.
Samara to 5 mm. long; upper sepal to 5-nerved, puberu-
lous beneath; upper stigma-lobe elongate, ciliate.
M. macrostachya.
Plants perennial, frutescent or arborescent, sometimes scandent;
fruit without wings, rarely with a very small wing.
Lower sepals united.
Inflorescence to 3.2 dm. long; flowers not crowded, with filiform
and conspicuous bracts.
Bracts with involute apex; leaves usually acute; upper petals
oblong; anthers obtuse or emarginate. .M. longibracteata.
Bracts with straight apex; leaves acuminate; upper petals
spathulate; anthers mucronate M. huallagensis.
Inflorescence to 2.2 dm. long; flowers crowded, without filiform
bracts.
916 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Racemes simple, terminal; leaves usually lanceolate, rarely
more or less elliptic.
Ovary pubescent.
Apex of racemes with oblanceolate bracts to 2 mm. wide,
lax; fruit cordiform; lower sepals 5-nerved, larger
than the upper one M. glabrifolia.
Apex of racemes without bracts or these narrow; fruit
ovate; lower sepals 1-3-nerved, smaller than the
upper one.
Leaves to 4.5 cm. long; racemes slender, lax; fruit
ovate-cordiform, with a very small wing.
Branches tomentose; leaves lanceolate, puberulous,
acute-mucronate; racemes hirsute.
M. menthoides.
Branches glabrescent; leaves more or less elliptic,
obtuse, glabrescent as also racemes. M. andina.
Leaves to 10 cm. long; racemes thicker, straight; fruit
elliptic, not at all winged.
Stem with branches corymbose; leaves narrowly
lanceolate; lower sepals 1-nerved, upper 3-
nerved; wings puberulous beneath.
M. marginata.
Stem with branches not corymbose; leaves often
elliptic; lower sepals 3-nerved, upper 5-nerved;
wings glabrous beneath . . . M . pseudo-salicifolia.
Ovary glabrous.
Bracts linear-lanceolate, 3-6 mm. long; leaves linear-
lanceolate, acuminate; outer sepals to 5 mm. long;
free part of filaments puberulous. .M. macrosepala.
Bracts ovate-triangular, less than 2.5 mm. long; leaves
usually elliptic, obtuse; outer sepals to 3 mm. long;
free part of filaments glabrous.
Branches conspicuously corymbose; leaves usually
deciduous, to 4.5 cm. long.
Stem 3 dm. high; axis of inflorescence less than 1.6
cm. long; lower sepals strongly 1-nerved; keel
2-lobed; anthers mucronate. . . .M. Vitis-Idaea.
Stem 18 dm. high; axis of inflorescence 3-10 cm. long;
lower sepals faintly 3-nerved; keel 3-lobed;
anthers not mucronate M. conferta.
FLORA OF PERU 917
Branches not corymbose; leaves not deciduous, to
9 cm. long.
Leaves revolute, the nerves obvious; petioles to 6
mm. long; branches densely puberulous; outer
sepals 5-7-nerved; wings glabrous within.
M. stipulata.
Leaves not revolute, the nerves faint; petioles to 3
mm. long; outer sepals 1-3-nerved; wings puber-
ulous within.
Branches almost glabrescent; leaves firm, nerves
4-5 M. canescens.
Branches puberulent; leaves membranous, nerves
6-8 M . membranifolia.
Racemes in wide panicles; leaves usually elliptic, rarely more
or less lanceolate.
Ovary pubescent.
Erect shrub, glabrescent, rarely slightly puberulous.
Bracts to 3 mm. long.
Axis of panicle to 25 cm. long, racemes glabrous;
leaf -axils without leaflets; outer sepals 3-5-
nerved; wings acutish at base; anthers mucro-
nate; ovary with a few hairs near its base.
M . divaristachya.
Axis of panicle to 13 cm. long, racemes puberulous;
leaf -axils with leaflets; outer sepals 1-nerved;
wings obtuse at base; anthers emucronate;
ovary puberulous M. callimorpha.
Bracts 7-9 mm. long M. amplibracteata.
Scandent shrub, usually densely hirsute, rarely glabrous.
Leaves elliptic or ovate, glabrescent, obtuse; branches
striate, glabrescent; lower sepals 3-nerved, obtuse.
M. ovata.
Leaves almost lanceolate, puberulous, acute; branches
terete, densely hirsute; lower sepals 1-nerved,
acute.
Hairs of branches to 2.5 mm. long, lax; leaves
densely puberulous above; style glabrous; ovary
puberulous near base M. polystachya.
918 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Hairs of branches to 1 mm. long, rigid; leaves more
or less glabrescent above; style puberulous;
ovary totally puberulous.
Axis of panicle to 24 cm. long; branches gla-
brescent; wings glabrous; keel puberulous
within, glabrous on convex longitudinal line;
style puberulous near base; anthers mucro-
nate M . Pavoni.
Axis of panicle to 12 cm. long; branches puberu-
lous; wings puberulous beneath, ciliate; keel
glabrescent or with a few inconspicuous hairs
within, puberulous on convex longitudinal
line; style puberulous on upper part; anthers
emucronate M. pseudo-polystachya.
Ovary glabrous.
Panicles with divaricate racemes; leaves elliptic; fila-
ments puberulous.
Branches terete, densely hirsute; leaves to 5 cm. long.
M. Ruiziana.
Branches striate, more or less glabrescent; leaves to
10 cm. long M. connectisepala.
Panicles with decurrent or ascendent racemes; leaves
lanceolate; filaments glabrous.
Racemes and flowers conspicuously crowded; lower
sepals obtuse, the upper 5-7-nerved; upper petals
short-oblong M. Lechleriana.
Racemes and flowers not crowded; lower sepals acute,
the upper 3-nerved; upper petals elongate-spathu-
late M. Clarkeana.
Lower sepals free.
Inflorescence in simple racemes, axillary or terminal.
Ovary glabrous.
Apex of racemes with ovate-acute conspicuous bracts;
branches glabrescent; lower sepals glabrous beneath,
the upper sepal 7-nerved M. ligustrijolia.
Apex of racemes with triangular-acuminate and incon-
spicuous bracts; branches puberulous; lower sepals
puberulous beneath, the upper sepal 3-5-nerved.
Petioles to 2.5 mm. long; leaves to 7 cm. long, elliptic,
obtuse; wings ciliate M. salicifolia.
FLORA OF PERU 919
Petioles to 5 mm. long; leaves to 11 cm. long, lanceolate,
acuminate; wings eciliate M. hirtella.
Ovary pubescent.
Branches canescent-hirsute; leaf length less than 3 times
width; drupe cordiform, flattened; keel glabrous with-
in, the lateral lobes elongate; style glabrous.
M . cyanea.
Branches glabrescent; leaf length more than 4 times width;
drupe ovate or elliptic; keel puberulous within, the
lateral lobes short; style puberulous.
Leaves elliptic, crowded, to 2.8 cm. long, obtuse; bracts to
1 mm. long; outer sepals puberulous beneath; wings
puberulous within M. decurrens.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, not crowded, to 12 cm. long,
acute; bracts to 2.8 mm. long; outer sepals glabrous
beneath; wings glabrous within M. peruviana.
Inflorescence in panicles or aggregate racemes.
Apex of leaves acuminate or acute.
Stem scandent, slightly hirsute; racemes numerous, lax,
slender, with filiform bracts M . Mathusiana.
Stem not scandent, erect, densely hirsute; racemes not
numerous, aggregate, ascendent, thicker, usually with
ovate-lanceolate bracts.
Axis of racemes to 31 cm. long; leaves thin, with 5 or 6
pairs of lateral veins M. acutifolia.
Axis of racemes to 10 cm. long; leaves thicker, with 7 or
8 pairs of lateral veins.
Leaves lanceolate; wings ciliate; ovary more or less
puberulous M. Vargasii.
Leaves oblong; wings glabrous; ovary glabrous.
M. pilosa.
Apex of leaves usually obtuse, rarely acute.
Racemes numerous; wings puberulous beneath.
Margin of leaves revolute, apex not attenuate; racemes
lax; upper sepal obtuse; wings glabrous within; keel
puberulous within M . densecomata.
Margin of leaves not revolute, apex attenuate; racemes
rigid; upper sepal acute; wings puberulous within;
keel glabrous within M. tomentella.
920 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Racemes aggregate, sometimes simple, terminal; wings
glabrous beneath.
Leaves acute; petioles to 7 mm. long; outer sepals to
3.5 mm. long, puberulous beneath, apex straight,
lower 1-nerved M. Herrerae.
Leaves obtuse; petioles to 4.5 mm. long; outer sepals to
7 mm. long, glabrous beneath, apex involute, lower
3-nerved M. pachycoma.
Monnina acutifolia Chodat, Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, se>. 2. 25:
206. 1934; 162.
Shrub, more or less pubescent, becoming glabrescent, to 3 meters
high, the branches 3-6 mm. thick; petioles 2-7 mm. long, almost
cylindric; leaves lanceolate, usually acute, 2.5-7.5 cm. long, 7-20
mm. wide with 5-6 lateral veins; racemes aggregate, sometimes
simple, terminal more or less acute, 8-11 mm. wide, subsessile, the
pubescent rachis 4.5-31 cm. long, the bracts filiform; flowers 4-4.5
mm. long, the pedicels scarcely 1 mm. long; outer sepals free, almost
triangular, acute, pubescent beneath, the two lower to 2.3 mm. long,
3-nerved, the slightly longer upper one 5-nerved; wings 4-4.4 mm.
long, 3-nerved and glabrous as the keel, this 4.6-5.5 mm. long, 3-
lobed; upper petals elongate, pubescent; stamens 8, the filaments
almost entirely united, the free part glabrous; ovary elliptic, glabrous
as the geniculate cylindric style, the lower stigma lobe acute, the
upper with one papillose tubercle; drupes elliptic, acute, 5-6 mm.
long, glabrous, notably reticulate. — Related to M. salicifolia. Illus-
trated, Ferreyra, I.e. pi. 9.
Ayacucho: Ccarrapa, 1,500 meters, Huanta to Apurimac River,
Kittip & Smith 22 W, type; 23228.
Monnina amarella Chodat, Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, seY. 2. 25:
200. 1934; 133.
Herbaceous annual sometimes 8 dm. high from a usually simple
root, the erect terete stem with finely pubescent branches 3-50 cm.
long; petioles to 1.5 mm. long, glabrescent as the oblanceolate or
linear-lanceolate leaves, these attenuate at base, usually obtuse,
sometimes emarginate, 10-44 mm. long, 2-10 mm. wide, the lateral
veins inconspicuous; racemes terminal, conical, acute, 7-9 mm. wide,
the axis to 3 dm. long, slightly pubescent with glabrous deciduous
filiform bracts 1.5-8 mm. long; flowers 3-3.8 mm. long, the glabrous
pedicels 0.5-0.7 mm. long; outer sepals free, lanceolate, glabrous,
FLORA OF PERU 921
acute, the two lower 1-1.4 mm. long, 1-nerved, the upper one 2.2
mm. long, rarely ciliate, 3-nerved as the glabrous purple obovate
wings, these 2.8-3.2 mm. long, keel yellow, about 3.5 mm. long,
orbicular, plicate, glabrous, 4- or 5-nerved, the middle lobe obtuse-
emarginate; upper petals pubescent within; stamens 6, the sheath
glabrous, the sessile anthers emarginate; ovary glabrous as the
subequal biauricled style, the upper stigma lobe 1-tubercled;
samara ovate, 3.5-5 mm. long, early strigillose, the membranous
wing about 1 mm. wide, deeply emarginate at base and apex, the
body rugose reticulate. — This is close to M. filifolia but it differs
clearly in the oblanceolate emarginate leaves; the raceme axis is
usually short and the samara wing purple. Altitudinal range 2,900
to 3,600 meters. Illustrated, Ferreyra, I.e. pi. 1.
Junin: Viques to Ingahuasi, Mantaro Canyon, south of Huancayo,
Killip & Smith 22152. — Cuzco: Canyon Chicon, Prov. Urubamba,
Vargas 11061. Pampa de Anta, vicinity of Huarocando, Hen era
3638. Colinas del Saxaihuaman, Herrera 2388; Pennell 13589.
San Sabastian, Pennell 13629, type. Vicinity of Acomayo, Prov.
Acomayo, Vargas 491 . Cuzco, Herrera 2393. Near Cuzco, Herrera
681. Ollantaytambo, Cook & Gilbert 522; 530; Pennell 13678.
Calca, Vargas 1774. "Urco" (Vargas).
Monnina amplibracteata Ferr. Publ. Mus. Hist. Nat. "Javier
Prado" (Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos), Ser. B.
Botanica 1: 4. 1948.
Shrub or tree to 2.5 meters high, the terete glabrous branches
3-12 mm. thick; petioles 1.5-5 mm. long, glabrous, somewhat
articulate; leaves lanceolate, attenuate to base, acute, 2-20 cm. long,
1-6 cm. wide, glabrescent both sides, shortly re volute with 8 to 9
lateral nerves; panicles ample, the elongate, finely pubescent striate
conical racemes 2-27 cm. long, 5-8 mm. thick, rachis 4.5-30 cm.
long, the peduncles 1-7 cm. long; bracts lanceolate, acute, 7-9 mm.
long, puberulent beneath; flowers globose, 3.2-4.2 mm. long, the
pedicels to 1.5 mm. long, puberulent; outer sepals triangular, concave,
obtuse, 1-nerved, the two lower 2-2.8 mm. long, two-thirds connate,
glabrescent beneath, the upper longer, puberulent beneath; wings
4-4.5 mm. long, 3-4-nerved, puberulent beneath, the keel puberulent
within to 4.6 mm. long, 3-lobed, 4-5-nerved; upper petals long-
spathulate, densely pubescent both sides; stamens 8, the more or
less connate filaments with free parts puberulent; ovary oblong,
puberulent above, the glabrous cylindric style geniculate near
922 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
base; upper stigma lobe papillose tubercled, the lower acute; drupes
ovate-oblong, 5-10 mm. long, finely puberulent. — Closely related
to M. divaristachya but stouter, the leaves acute, glabrescent, the
panicle with ascending racemes, the bracts narrowly lanceolate and
with other differences. Illustrated, Ferreyra, I.e. pi. 2.
Loreto: La Divisoria, Tingo Maria y Pucallpa, 1,400-1,600
meters, Ferreyra 984, type; 2416. Fundo Nirvana, Ferreyra 4160.
Monnina andina Chodat, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 104. 1908; 143.
Glabrescent shrub about 10 dm. high, the branches nodose,
petioles short, stipules to 0.5 mm. long; leaves lanceolate-elliptic,
attenuate at base, obtuse, 2.5-4.5 cm. long, 9-15 mm. wide, slightly
revolute, mid-nerve pubescent; racemes slender, simple, terminal,
5-10 cm. long, with conspicuous linear bracts; flowers 2-3 mm.
long; outer sepals ovate, obtuse, ciliate, the two lower united;
wings orbicular, oblique, attenuate at base, ciliate; upper petals
narrow, incurved apically ; filaments almost entirely united, pubescent
at apex; ovary oblong, pubescent, the straight style becoming
geniculate, the upper stigma lobe globose; samara ovate-cordiform,
3-4 mm. long, slightly winged, pubescent, emarginate at apex. —
Some measurements adapted from the photograph, which shows
the branches and racemes slender, the former glabrous and the
bracts linear. F.M. Neg. 13103.
Puno: Between Sandia and Chunchusmayo, Weberbauer 1146,
type.
Monnina arenicola Ferr. Journ. Arnold Arb. 27: 137. 1946.
Herbaceous annual with slender simple root and a simple or
more or less branched terete shortly pilose stem 3-16 cm. high;
petioles glabrous, 0.8-1.5 mm. long; leaves lanceolate or elliptic,
long attenuate to base, apically emarginate or obtuse, 1-2.5 dm.
long, 4-9 mm. wide, glabrous; racemes shortly conical, 5-6 mm. thick,
the rachis 3-8 cm. long, shortly pilose, the linear ciliate bracts 1.5
to 2 mm. long; flowers 2.8-3.2 mm. long on glabrous pedicels 0.4-
0.6 mm. long; outer sepals free lanceolate, the two lower about 1.5
mm. long, glabrous, 1-nerved, the upper sepal 1.6-1.8 mm. long,
ciliate, 3-nerved; wings whitish, 3-3.5 mm. long, glabrous, 3-5-
nerved, the keel as long, obtuse at base, orbicular, pilose within,
the middle lobe acutish; upper petals glabrous without; stamens 8,
the filaments connate, the anthers sessile; ovary glabrous, the
slightly longer glabrous cylindric style more or less geniculate; upper
FLORA OF PERU 923
lobe of stigma bitubercled; samara 4-4.5 mm. long, strigillose, the
membranous wings 1-1.6 mm. wide, conspicuously emarginate base
and apex. — Illustrated, Ferreyra, I.e. pi. 2.
Arequipa: East of Mollendo, sandy plain, Worth & Morrison
15762. South of Mollendo, sand dunes near ocean, Mexia 4175,
type. Hills near Chala, Ferreyra 1465; 141 7. Near Camana, Ferreyra
2534; 2570.
Monnina callimorpha Chodat, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 101. 1908; 150.
M. Killipii Chodat, Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, se>. 2. 25: 204. 1934.
Erect shrub to 3 meters high with conspicuously pubescent
branches, these about 4 mm. thick; petioles 4-7 mm. long, concave
above, articulate, pubescent as the 2-4 mm. long stipules; leaves
lanceolate, usually acuminate, attenuate at base, 3.5-10 cm. long,
1.5-4 cm. wide, finely pubescent above, canescent-pubescent beneath,
with 5-6 lateral veins; inflorescence paniculate, the axis 8-13 cm.
long, canescent-pubescent, the subsessile racemes 2-4 cm. long,
6-8 cm. wide, with triangular bracts about 1.5 mm. long; flowers
4-5 mm. long, the finely puberulent pedicels 1-2 mm. long, outer
sepals ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, ciliate, sparsely pubescent beneath,
1-nerved, the two lower one-half connate, about 2 mm. long, the
upper one slightly longer ; wings blue, to 4.8 mm. long, finely pubescent
at obtuse base, ciliate, 3-4-nerved as the little longer keel, this
pubescent within, 3-lobed, the obtuse emarginate middle lobe some-
what pubescent on a convex longitudinal line; upper petals almost
elongate-spathulate, pubescent; stamens 8, the filaments almost
entirely united; ovary strigose puberulent becoming glabrescent,
the glabrous cylindric styles geniculate above base; upper stigma
lobe 1-tubercled, papillose; drupe ovate, about 4.5 mm. long, gla-
brescent, reticulate. — Grows in the "ceja de montafia" between
1,800 and 3,200 meters. It is close to M . Pavoni Chodat but is not
scandent, has obtuse outer sepals, pubescent wings, glabrous styles
and the anther is not mucronate. Illustrated, Ferreyra, I.e. pi. 6.
F.M. Neg. 13106.
Junin: Huacapistana, Kittip & Smith 24253; Weberbauer 2070,
type. Carpapata, above Huacapistana, Killip & Smith 24421
(type, M. Killipii).
Monnina canescens Ferr. Journ. Arnold Arb. 27: 148. 1946.
Seems to be near M. stipulata but the slenderer branches ob-
scurely canescent puberulent, petioles 1.5-2 mm. long, leaves lanceo-
924 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
late, acute, 2.5-6 cm. long, 11-22 mm. broad, not at all revolute, the
4-5 lateral nerves not prominent; racemes about 10 mm. thick, the
puberulent rachis 6.5-12.5 cm. long, the peduncles 3-3.5 cm. long;
bracts 1.5-2 mm. long; lower sepals 2-2.5 mm. long, 1-nerved, the
upper 3-nerved; wings 5.5-6.8 mm. long; keel glabrous, 3-4-nerved;
drupes ovate-oblong, acute, nearly 5-6 cm. long, glabrous. — Illus-
trated, Ferreyra, I.e. pi. 5.
Lima: Along Chillon River, above Obrajillo, Pennell 14376, type.
Monnina Clarkeana Chodat, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 4: 246. 1896;
156.
Resembles M. Lechleriana; petioles to 7 mm. long, cylindric,
pubescent; leaves 2-5.5 cm. long, 6-22 mm. wide, puberulent be-
coming glabrescent, the lateral nerves obscure; inflorescences many,
well-peduncled with leaflet at base, this to 3.5 cm. long, the numerous
lax racemes 4-6 cm. long, with almost filiform bracts conspicuous in
the upper part; pedicels about 2 mm. long, outer sepals lanceolate-
acute, the two lower one-third connate, the upper one 3-nerved to
1.8 mm. long; wings about 3.5 mm. long, the keel slightly longer;
upper petals distinctly elongate spathulate; filaments almost two-
thirds connate. — Illustrated, Ferreyra, I.e. pi. 8.
Amazonas: Without locality, Mathews 1192, type.
Monnina conferta R. & P. Syst. Veg. 173. 1798; 147. M.
myrtilloides DC. Prodr. 1: 339. 1824.
Shrub several to 18 dm. high, the erect stems, petioles and leaves
beneath more or less pubescent or becoming glabrescent, the striate
branches corymbose; petioles 1.5-2.4 mm. long, concave above,
convex beneath; leaves usually elliptic, rarely more or less lanceolate,
obtuse, 11-45 mm. long, 4-14 mm. wide, sometimes revolute, with
4-5 inconspicuous lateral veins; peduncles 6-11 mm. long, the simple
terminal conical racemes about 1 cm. wide, the rachis 3-10 cm. long,
pubescent, with triangular concave acute ciliate 1-nerved bracts,
to 1.4 mm. long, pubescent beneath; flower 5-6 mm. long, the finely
pubescent pedicels about 1 mm. long; outer sepals ovate, obtuse,
ciliate, pubescent beneath, the two lower 2-2.6 mm. long, almost
two-thirds connate, 3-nerved, the upper one about 3 mm. long,
5-7-nerved; wings deep blue, 5.2-6 mm. long, 4-5-nerved, ciliate,
usually glabrous at least beneath; keel yellow to 6.5 mm. long,
pubescent within, 4-5-nerved, 3-lobed, the middle lobe obtuse,
emarginate; upper petals short, narrow, pubescent; stamens 8,
FLORA OF PERU 925
filaments almost entirely united; ovary oval, elliptic, glabrous as
the cylindric style, this medially geniculate; upper stigma lobe
1-tubercled, papillose; drupe elliptic, 4.5-7 mm. long, glabrous,
reticulate. — Weberbauer 5488 shows a certain pubescence beneath
the wings. Chodat, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 102. 1908, referred the very
briefly described species of DeCandolle here, apparently correctly.
The species is found between 2,500 and 3,700 meters. Illustrated,
Ferreyra, I.e. pi. 5. F.M. Neg. 7977.
Cajamarca: Cutervo, Ferreyra 775; 797; 829. Cutervo to Cocha-
bamba, Ferreyra 845; 853. Summit of Gavilan, Ferreyra 3299; 3314.
Pass south of Conchan, Prov. of Chota, Stork & Horton 10064.
— Ancash : Chiquian, Prov. of Bolognesi, Ferreyra 5673. — La Libertad :
Near Huamachuco, Ferreyra 3004. Cachicadan, Prov. Santiago de
Chuco, Stork & Horton 9955. — Huanuco: Huanuco to Pampayacu,
Kanehira 244- Mito, 1514- "Tambo nuevo," Pavdn, type. — Junin:
Ocopa, Kittip & Smith 21977. Near Huancayo, Kittip & Smith
23348; Soukup 1982. — Huancavelica: Quebrada south of Salca-
bamba, Prov. Tayacaja, Stork & Horton 10298. — Ayacucho: Above
Yanamonte, Tambo to Apurimac, Weberbauer 5659. Totorabamba,
Prov. Huamanga, Weberbauer 5488. Without locality, 1807;Lagasca
56; Dombey.
Monnina connectisepala Chodat, Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, se"r.
2. 25: 213. 1934; 154. M. tenuifolia Chodat, I.e. 212; not Chodat,
1895. M. stipulata var. tenuibracteata Chodat, I.e. 205.
More or less pubescent shrub becoming glabrescent, the notably
striate branches 3-6 mm. thick; petioles 4-8 mm. long, articulate,
the conical cylindric glabrescent stipules 2-3 mm. long; leaves usually
elliptic, acute or sometimes obtuse, 3-10 cm. long, 1.5-4 cm. wide
with 9-10 lateral nerves; rachis of paniculate inflorescence 7-18 mm.
long, usually glabrescent, the divaricate lax racemes 3-14 cm. long
with ovate or lanceolate acute bracts to 3 mm. long; flowers 5- to
nearly 6 mm. long, pedicels to 1.6 mm. long; outer sepals ovate-
lanceolate, rarely acutish, the two lower about 2 mm. long, nearly
two-thirds connate, glabrate beneath, 1-3-nerved, the longer upper
one 5-7-nerved, puberulent beneath; wings dark blue, 5-6 mm. long,
ciliate at obtuse base, 3-nerved, the middle nerve prominent, slightly
pubescent beneath and sometimes with a few trichomes within; keel
yellow, 5-6 mm. long, usually pubescent beneath, 3-4-nerved, 3-
lobed; upper petals spathulate, pubescent; stamens 8, the filaments
unequally connate; ovary as style glabrous, the latter geniculate
926 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
above, base more or less cylindric, the upper stigma lobe with one
papillose tubercle; drupe elliptic, more or less margined, 4-8 mm.
long, glabrous, reticulate. — Altitudinal range 2,200 to 3,200 meters.
Apparently a southern counterpart of M. Ruiziana, the branches
glabrescent, the leaves larger. Illustrated, Ferreyra, I.e. pi. 7.
Cuzco: Pillahuata, Cerro de Cusilluyoc, Pennell 13977 (type,
M. tenuifolia); Pennell 14095, type; 14022; 14122 (type, M. stipulate,
var. tenuibracteata). Laderas de Pillahuata, Prov. of Paucartambo,
Vargas 81; near Pillahuata, Prov. of Paucartambo, West 7071.
Distrito Marcachea, Prov. of Paucartambo, Vargas 11130. Summit
of Huayna Picchu, West 6430. Canyon of Cachu-pampa, Araza
River, Distrito Marcapata, Prov. of Quispicanchis, Vargas 9672.
Monnina cyanea Chodat, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 100. 1908; 159.
Frutescent, much-branched, 5-10 dm. high, the slender branches
ashy pubescent with trichomes 0.5-0.7 mm. long; petioles 1-2 mm.
long, concave above, with glabrous coriaceous stipules 0.5 mm. long
or shorter; leaves lanceolate, somewhat more or less oblanceolate,
usually acute, attenuate at base, 2-6 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, canes-
cent puberulent with 5-7 lateral nerves; racemes conical to 1 cm.
wide, simple, terminal, the peduncle 8-14 mm. long, the pubescent
striate rachis 2.5-12 cm. long, the linear-lanceolate bracts to nearly
3 mm. long, 1-nerved, pubescent beneath; flowers 3.5-3.8 mm. long,
the pubescent pedicels about 1.2 mm. long; outer sepals free, lanceo-
late, obtuse, glabrescent, at least beneath, the two lower 1.4 mm.
long, l-(rarely 5-) nerved, the upper one to 2 mm. long, 3-5-nerved;
wings deep blue, 3.6-4.2 mm. long, ciliate, slightly pubescent beneath,
the somewhat longer yellow keel glabrous within, ciliolate at base,
3-nerved, 3-lobed; upper petals narrow, attenuate, pubescent; sta-
mens 8, the free part of the nearly connate filaments glabrous; ovary
densely pubescent with ascending rigid trichomes; style glabrous,
geniculate above the base, almost cylindric, the thicker stigma with
lower lobe obtuse, the upper with one papillose tubercle; drupe
cordiform, flattened, 4.4^4.5 mm. long, very pubescent, acute, emargi-
nate at base, slightly reticulate. — Characterized by its canescent-
hirsute branches, flattened and cordiform drupe, terminal and simple
racemes. It has been collected between 1,800 and 3,500 meters.
Illustrated, Ferreyra, I.e. pi. 8. F.M. Neg. 13111.
Cuzco: Chaupichaca, Marcapata Valley, Prov. of Quispicanchi,
Weberbauer 7835. — Puno: Between Sandia and Cuyocuyo, Weber-
bauer 878, type. Near Limbani, Prov. of Sandia, Metcalf 30480.
FLORA OF PERU 927
Monnina decurrens Ferr. Journ. Arnold Arb. 27: 160. 1946.
Small-leaved, shortly pubescent shrub with enodose stem, the
branches as the leaves more or less glabrescent, the former only
1.4-2 mm. thick; petioles to 2 mm. long, concave above; leaves
decurrent, elliptic, 12-28 mm. long, 5-7 mm. wide, obtuse, revolute,
with 5 or 6 faint nerves; racemes simple, conical, 6-8 mm. thick,
subsessile, the puberulent rachis to 2.5 cm. long, the ovate 1-nerved
bracts to 1 mm. long, puberulent beneath, ciliate; flowers to 5.2 mm.
long, the puberulent pedicels 1.5-2.5 mm. long, outer sepals free,
triangular, obtuse, puberulent beneath, the two lower about 1.5 mm.
long, 3-nerved, the longer upper one 5-nerved; wings 5.6-6 mm.
long, more or less acute at base, somewhat puberulent both sides;
keel 4.2-5 mm. long, puberulent within, obscurely 3-lobed, 4-5-
nerved; upper petals elongate, puberulent; stamens 8, the nearly
united filaments glabrous; ovary oblong, puberulent as the distinctly
geniculate cylindric style, the upper stigma lobe tuberculate papillose;
drupes elliptic, 5-7 mm. long, puberulent, reticulate. — Differs from
M. Vitis-Idaea Chodat in the enodose stem, larger and conical
racemes, 3-nerved lower sepals, pubescent ovary and style, and from
M. peruviana Chodat in its smaller numerous elliptic leaves and
pubescent wings. Illustrated, Ferreyra, I.e. pi. 9.
Cajamarca: East of Huancabamba, Prov. Jaen, 2,800 meters,
Weberbauer 6100, type.
Monnina densecomata Chodat, Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, se"r.
2. 25: 209. 1934; 164.
Shrub with striate branches 4-5.5 mm. thick, densely pubescent,
with trichomes 0.6-1 mm. long; petioles 3-6 mm. long, almost
cylindric, pubescent, the conical stipules to 3 mm. long, hirsute
below; leaves elliptic, obtuse, 3.5-7 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide, early
pubescent becoming glabrescent, revolute with 5-6 lateral veins;
inflorescence paniculate, the rachis to 12.5 cm. long, striate, pubes-
cent, the subsessile lax racemes conspicuously so, subacute, 7-9 mm.
wide, the lanceolate-acuminate lax densely pubescent bracts to 5 mm.
long; flowers 4.5-5.5 mm. long, the pedicels about 1 mm. long;
outer sepals free, lanceolate, ciliate, pubescent beneath, the two
lower to 3.4 mm. long, usually acute and 3-nerved, sometimes 1-2-
nerved, the longer upper one obtusish, usually 5- rarely 3-nerved;
wings blue, about 5 mm. long, pubescent beneath, 4-5-nerved, ciliate
at obtuse base as also the longer yellow keel, this pubescent within,
928 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
3-4-nerved, 3-lobed, the obtuse middle lobe slightly emarginate,
upper petals spathulate, pubescent; stamens 8, the free part of the
almost entirely united filaments glabrous; ovary ovoid, glabrous as
the cylindric geniculate style; lower stigma lobe acute, the upper
with one papillose tubercle; drupes ellipsoid-acute to 4.6 mm. long,
glabrous, reticulate. — Illustrated, Ferreyra, I.e. pi. 10.
Cuzco: Paso de Tres Cruces, Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 3,800 meters,
Pennell 13821, type. Paucartambo, Soukup 391.
Monnina divaristachya Ferr. Journ. Arnold Arb. 27: 148.
1946.
Suggests M. callimorpha but much less pubescent, the branches
glabrescent as the leaves above, these merely puberulent beneath,
5-13.5 cm. long, 1.5 to nearly 5 cm. wide, the lateral nerves 8 or 9;
panicles ample, the simple widely divaricate fragile racemes on
peduncles 2.5-4.5 cm. long, the rachis 2-2.5 dm. long; bracts filiform
to 2.8 mm. long; flowers about 3.5 mm. long, outer sepals more or
less lanceolate, glabrous or puberulent beneath, the two lower two-
thirds connate, 1.4-1.8 mm. long, 3-nerved, the slightly longer
upper one 5-nerved; wings about 4 mm. long, acute at base, pubescent
beneath, 3-nerved as the 3-lobed keel; filaments more or less connate,
the anthers mucronate; ovary shortly puberulent at base or glabrous
as the finally geniculate and horizontal style, the upper stigma lobe
tuberculate, papillose; drupes elliptic, 5.5-7.5 mm. long, glabrous,
conspicuously reticulate. — The broad panicle with lax racemes is
striking; confined to the "ceja de montana" between 1,600 and
2,800 meters. Illustrated, Ferreyra, I.e. pi. 6.
Huanuco: Carpish, Prov. of Huanuco, Ferreyra 4120. — Junin:
Pichis Trail, Enenas, Kittip & Smith 25778, type. Pichis Trail,
Killip & Smith 25427.
Monnina filifolia Chodat, Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, ser. 2. 25:
198. 1934; 134.
Herbaceous annual in general like M. amarella but with sessile
linear-acuminate or sometimes acute leaves 2-7 cm. long, 1.5-5 mm.
wide, and well-peduncled racemes, the axis usually 2-4 dm. long or
longer; flowers 3-3.5 mm. long, the pedicels 0.8-1 mm. long; upper
sepal ciliate; wings 3.2-3.5 mm. long; upper petals conspicuously
pubescent, the sheath slightly so at apex; style somewhat longer
than ovary, the two auricles conspicuous; stigma more or less
denticulate. — Very close to M. graminea, the type not seen, but
FLORA OF PERU 929
differs in the filiform lower leaves, the conspicuously puberulent
samara and the completely united filaments. Illustrated, Ferreyra,
I.e. pi 1.
Huancavelica: Valley of the Mantaro River, below Colcabamba,
Prov. of Tayacaja, Weberbauer 6454, type. Mejorada, Stork &
Horton 10909.
Monnina glabrifolia Ferr. Journ. Arnold Arb. 27: 142. 1946.
Shrub 2 meters high, the glabrous, finely striate branches 2-7 mm.
thick; petioles 2-3 mm. long, glabrous; leaves lanceolate, long-
attenuate to base, acute or shortly acuminate, 4.5-14 cm. long, 2-6
cm. broad, with 9 or 10 lateral nerves; racemes more or less conical,
5-7 mm. thick, the shortly puberulent rachis 3.5-23 cm. long, the
peduncle 1.5^4.5 cm. long, the lanceolate 1-nerved puberulent bracts
4.5-6.5 mm. long; flowers 4.2-4.6 mm. long, the somewhat puberulent
pedicels about 1.5 mm. long; outer sepals lanceolate, ciliate, puberu-
lent, the two lower nearly 3 mm. long, obtuse to two-thirds connate,
5-nerved, the upper sepal smaller, 7-nerved; wings about 5 mm. long,
rather obtuse at base, 3-4-nerved, ciliate, pubescent beneath, the
little longer keel glabrous, its middle lobe emarginate, 3-4-nerved,
shortly ciliate; upper petals shortly elongate, pubescent; stamens 8,
the nearly united filaments glabrous; ovary densely pubescent, the
glabrous cylindric style geniculate, the upper tubercled stigma lobe
papillose; drupes cordate, 4.5-6 mm. long, shortly alate, conspicu-
ously pubescent, reticulate-venose. — Related to M. andina but has
much larger acuminate leaves, the racemes with crowded and larger
bracts; it is also close to M. Lechleriana from which it differs sharply
in the terminal and simple racemes, the pubescent ovary and other-
wise. Illustrated, Ferreyra, I.e. pi 4-
Puno: Santo Domingo to Chabuca mine, Prov. Carabaya, 1,900
meters, Metcalf 30661, type.
Monnina graminea Chodat, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 103. 1908; 135.
Resembles M. pterocarpa and its relatives, particularly M.
filifolia, but the lower leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute
mucronate, pubescent, 2.5-4 cm. long, 3-8 mm. wide; flowers 2-3
mm. long, nerves of wings fan-shaped; keel hemispherical, obtusely
3-lobed, upper petals short, broad; filaments free above; samara
2-3 mm. long, glabrous. — Type not seen. F.M. Neg. 13117.
Cajamarca: Below San Miguel, 2,200 meters, Prov. Hualgayoc,
(Weberbauer 3919). Above Cajamarca, 2,700 meters, Ferreyra 3183.
— Libertad: Vicinity of Samne, 1,600 meters, Ferreyra 3087.
930 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Monnina herbacea DC. Prodr. 1: 340. 1824; 135. M. poly-
gonoides Chodat, Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, se>. 2. 25: 200. 1934.
Herbaceous annual, one to several dm. high, from a curved
usually branched root, the nearly erect striate stem with more or
less corymbose pubescent branches from the base; petioles to 1.5 mm.
long, pubescent; leaves lanceolate, rarely oblanceolate-elliptic, at-
tenuate at base, obtuse, usually 1-4 cm. long, 3-12 mm. wide, be-
coming glabrescent, with 5 or 6 lateral veins; racemes conical, 7-8
mm. wide, shortly peduncled, the axis about 2-8 cm. long, finely
pubescent with conspicuous glabrous filiform bracts about 2 mm.
long; flowers 3.5-4.2 mm. long, subsessile; outer sepals free, lanceo-
late, ciliate, the two lower about 1.5 mm. long, usually 3-nerved,
the upper one 2-2.4 mm. long, 5-nerved; wings purple, 3.5 to nearly
5 mm. long, obovate, 3-nerved, ciliate, equaled by the orbicular
plicate 4-nerved ciliate keel, its middle lobe obtuse, emarginate;
upper petals elongate, spathulate, pubescent within; stamens 8,
the filaments united two-thirds their length, glabrous, the anthers
emarginate; ovary densely pubescent with short rigid trichomes,
the longer glabrous style geniculate above the base, thicker at apex;
upper lobe of stigma 1-tubercled; fruit somewhat samaroid, cordi-
form, about 4 mm. long, conspicuously pubescent, usually acute,
emarginate at base, the wing inconspicuous, the body rugose-reticu-
late.— The type labels indicate Lima as origin of the species, but
here, as often for Dombey and Lagasca material, it was probably
collected in the Departments of Huanuco and Junin, between 2,100
and 2,800 meters. Illustrated, Ferreyra, I.e. pi. 1. F.M. Neg. 7974.
Huanuco: Ambo, 31 81 (type of M. polygonoides). — Junin:
Huariaca, 3116. — Libertad: Trujillo to Huamachuco, 2,900 meters,
Ferreyra 2991. — Without locality and date, Dombey 625. Without
locality, 1862, Mathews; "ex Lima," 1807, Lagasca 53 (photograph
of type).
Monnina Herrerae Ferr. Journ. Arnold Arb. 27: 165. 1946.
Pubescent shrub, the ligneous branches about 3 mm. thick, con-
spicuously pilose, with yellowish lax trichomes 0.6-0.8 mm. long;
petioles 4.5-7 mm. long, puberulent; leaves lanceolate, long-attenu-
ate to base, acute, 4.5-9 cm. long, 1.5-3 cm. wide, more or less puberu-
lent above, flavescent puberulent beneath, the prominent midnerve
conspicuously so, the lateral nerves 6 or 7; racemes simple or aggre-
gate, somewhat acuminate, 7-10 mm. thick, the puberulent rachis
about 7 cm. long, the peduncle 5-12 mm. long, the linear-lanceolate
FLORA OF PERU 931
bracts 4-5 mm. long, puberulent beneath; flowers about 5 mm. long,
the pedicels about 1 mm. long; outer sepals free, lanceolate, acute,
concave, ciliate, underneath puberulent, the two lower about 3 mm.
long, 1-nerved, the slightly longer upper one 3-5-nerved; wings
5-5.6 mm. long, 4-5-nerved, glabrous as the scarcely longer keel,
this 3-lobed, 3-4-nerved; upper petals spathulate, puberulent both
sides; stamens 8, anthers subsessile, free part of filaments glabrous;
ovary glabrous as the geniculate style, upper stigma lobe tubercle
papillose, the lower acute. — Related to M. Vargasii Ferr. from which
it is distinguished by its conspicuously woody branches, its smaller
acute leaves, its one-nerved lower sepals and its glabrous ovary,
and to M. pachycoma Chodat, from which it differs in its larger acute
leaves and smaller outer sepals, these 1-nerved and densely pubescent
beneath. The name honors the late distinguished Peruvian botanist
Fortunate L. Herrera. Illustrated, Ferreyra, I.e. pi. 10.
Apurimac: Rio Pinkos to Rio Apurimac, 3,400 meters, Weber-
bauer 5864, type.
Monnina hirtella Ferr. Journ. Arnold Arb. 27: 158. 1946.
Ashy pubescent shrub to 1.5 meters high, the branches 2.5-5
mm. thick, petioles 2-5 mm. long; leaves lanceolate, long-attenuate
to base, acuminate, 3.5-11 cm. long, 1-3.4 cm. wide, the lateral
nerves 6 or 7; racemes simple, terminal or axillary, 7-9 mm. thick,
the puberulent striate rachis 3.5-13 cm. long, the peduncle often
1-3 cm. long; bracts lanceolate, acute, 1- nearly 2 mm. long, puberu-
lent beneath, 1-nerved; flowers 4-5 mm. long, the puberulent pedicels
about 1.3 mm. long, outer sepals free, rather lanceolate, concave,
obtuse, ciliate, puberulent beneath, the two lower 2 mm. long,
3-nerved, the longer upper one 5-nerved; wings to 5 mm. long,
pubescent basally beneath, 3-nerved as the 3-lobed keel, this nearly
as long or longer, puberulent within, obtusely 3-lobed; upper petals
elongate-spathulate, strongly pubescent both sides, the trichomes
1.2-1.5 mm. long; stamens 8, the nearly completely connate filaments
glabrous as the ovary and style, the former oblong, the latter notably
geniculate, cylindric; lower stigma lobe acute, upper tuberculate
papillose; drupes elliptic, 5.5-7 mm. long, glabrous, reticulate.—
Suggests M. ligustrifolia but leaves almost twice as large and acumi-
nate and the axis of the racemes longer, very pubescent, and without
acute ovate bracts at its apex; less closely related to M. salicifolia
from which it differs in the larger and acuminate leaves, longer
petiole and pubescence. Illustrated, Ferreyra, I.e. pi. 8.
932 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1,100 meters, Klug
3337, type. San Roque, Williams 7105.
Monnina huallagensis Chodat, Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, se*r. 2.
25: 223. 1934; 141.
Very close to M. longibracteata Chodat, from which it differs in
the rigid bracts, the acuminate leaves, the stamens with the free
upper part of the filaments pubescent and the mucronate anthers;
leaves to 12 cm. long, nearly 4 cm. wide, usually acuminate; petioles
2-4 mm. long, with pubescent stipules 1-1.4 mm. long; bracts linear,
not involute, 3-5 mm. long; pedicels to 2 mm. long, sepals about
two-thirds united, sometimes ciliate; wings to 4.6 mm. long, more or
less pubescent beneath; drupe ovate, 4-6 mm. long, glabrous, con-
spicuously reticulate. — Also related to M. macrosepala Chodat but
rachis to 3 dm. long, the flowers not crowded, leaves with 7-8
lateral veins, outer sepals 1-nerved, anthers mucronate. The var.
pachyphylla Chodat, I.e., has stouter branches, glabrous reticulate-
veined leaves and much shorter rachis. Illustrated, Ferreyra, I.e.
pi. 3.
Huanuco: Pampayacu, Kanehira 290. Huallaga, 1,600 meters,
Weberbauer 6805, type.
Monnina Lechleriana Chodat, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 129.
1895; 155.
Frutescent, the branches hirsute toward the tips, striate, 3-4 mm.
thick, stipules cylindric to 2 mm. long; leaves lanceolate-elliptic,
acute, 6-8.5 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide, somewhat re volute, glabrescent;
inflorescence paniculate, narrow, the racemes and flowers approxi-
mate; bracts deciduous, obscure; flowers 4-4.5 mm. long, the slightly
pubescent pedicels about 1.5 mm. long; outer sepals ovate-lanceo-
late, ciliate, the two lower obtuse, 1.5 mm. long, one-half connate,
1-nerved, glabrous beneath, the upper one 2.3 mm. long, acute,
puberulent beneath, 5-7-nerved; wings about 4 mm. long and wide,
glabrous, 5-nerved, equaled by the somewhat pubescent 4- or 5-
nerved keel; upper petals short-oblong, puberulent; stamens 8, the
filaments connate nearly one-third, the free part glabrous; ovary
and style glabrous, the latter geniculate cylindric; upper stigma
lobe with one papillose tubercle. — Illustrated, Ferreyra, I.e. pi. 8.
F.M. Neg. 13120.
Puno: Tabina, Lechler 2072, type.
FLORA OF PERU 933
Monnina ligustrifolia HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 417. 1823;
156.
More or less puberulent shrub becoming glabrescent; petioles
1.5-3 mm. long, semi-terete; leaves lanceolate, acute, 3.5-6.5 cm.
long, 1-2 cm. wide, the veins more or less reticulate; racemes simple,
terminal or axillary, the slightly pubescent rachis 3-6.5 cm. long,
with conspicuous ovate acute ciliate bracts; flowers 4 mm. long, the
pedicels about 1.7 mm. long; outer sepals free, ovate, the two lower
1.5 mm. long, obtuse, glabrous beneath, 5-nerved, the upper one
2 mm. long, pubescent beneath, acute, 7-nerved; wings 4 mm. long,
3-4-nerved, glabrous beneath, ciliate at base, the scarcely as long
keel pubescent within, 3-nerved, 3-lobed; upper petals short, puberu-
lent; stamens 8, the filaments almost entirely connate, the free part
glabrous; ovary ellipsoid, glabrous; style early straight, becoming
geniculate above, cylindric, the lower lobe of the thicker stigma
obtuse, the upper lobe with one papillose tubercle; drupe ovoid, to
4.8 mm. long, glabrous, reticulate. — Characterized by the simple
terminal or axillary racemes with conspicuous ovate acute bracts.
The measurements of the leaves are taken from the photograph.
Illustrated, Ferreyra, I.e. pi 8. F.M. Neg. 34919.
Piura: Ayavaca, Bonpland 8491, type.
Monnina longibracteata Chodat, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 130.
1895; 140.
Frutescent, the branches 5 mm. thick, more or less glabrescent
as the leaves, these lanceolate or elliptic, sometimes linear-lanceolate,
attenuate at base, acute or rarely acuminate, 8-9 cm. long, about
2.5 cm. wide, with 8 or 9 lateral veins; petioles 4-8 mm. long, racemes
elongate, terminal or axillary, rather open, the conspicuous filiform
bracts involute at tip, 1-nerved, 5-6.5 mm. long; flowers 3.6-5 mm.
long, the finely pubescent pedicels about 1.5 mm. long; outer sepals
lanceolate, glabrous, the two lower 2.5 mm. long, almost one-half
united, the solitary nerve prominent, the upper sepal 3-nerved to
3 mm. long; wings about 4 mm. long, obtuse at base, 3-4-nerved,
sometimes with a few trichomes on the lower part; keel 3 mm. long,
pubescent within except the margin, 3-4-nerved, 3-lobed, the middle
lobe obtuse, emarginate; upper petals oblong, attenuate, pubescent
within; stamens 8, the filaments almost entirely united; ovary
glabrous as the cylindric style, this geniculate above the base; upper
stigma lobe with one papillose tubercle; fruit unknown. — Type
probably from northern Peru where Mathews lived for several years.
934 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
The var. ainensis Chodat, Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve se>. 2. 25: 222.
1934, has acuminate leaves 4-17 cm. long, 1-6.5 cm. wide; racemes
to 3.3 dm. long, the outer sepals ciliate, the lower 3-nerved, the wings
strongly pubescent beneath ; ovary somewhat pubescent. Illustrated,
Ferreyra, I.e. pi 3. F.M. Neg. 34921.
Amazonas(?): Without locality, Mathews 2075, type. — Ayacucho:
Aina, between Huanta and Apurimac River, Killip & Smith 23188,
type, var.
Monnina Macbridei Chodat, Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, se>. 2.
25: 199. 1934; 137.
Similar to M. ramosa but completely herbaceous and simple or
few-branched, the linear or narrowly lanceolate acute leaves 14-45
mm. long, 1.5-5 mm. wide, not at all revolute; peduncles 2-6 cm.
long, the axis glabrescent, with filiform inconspicuous bracts 1.5-2
mm. long, the outer sepals glabrous, 1-nerved, the wings purple,
3- or 4-nerved, the straight style almost cylindric and the samara
glabrous. — Known from 2,100 to 3,355 meters. Illustrated, Ferreyra,
I.e. pi. 2.
Arequipa: Chachani Mountain, north of Arequipa, Hinkley &
Hinkley 18; Arequipa, Pennell 13167, type. Tingo, Pennell 13110.
Monnina macrosepala Chodat, Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, se>. 2.
25: 218. 1934; 145.
Frutescent, often a meter or 2 high, the terete branches about
6 mm. thick, lightly pubescent, becoming glabrescent; petioles 2-4
mm. long, pubescent; leaves linear-lanceolate, attenuate at base,
mostly acuminate 5.5-12.5 cm. long, 12-28 mm. wide, glabrescent,
with 9 or 10 lateral nerves; racemes cylindric, 4-5 mm. wide, shortly
peduncled, simple, terminal, the pubescent rachis 6-15 cm. long,
the bracts linear, 3-6 mm. long, lax, ciliate, 1-nerved; flowers 4.2^4.8
mm. long, the glabrescent pedicels about 1 mm. long; outer sepals
lanceolate, glabrous beneath, the two lower about 4.5 mm. long,
two-thirds connate, 5-nerved, ciliate, the upper one 4.5-5 mm. long,
rarely ciliate, sometimes obtuse, 7-9-nerved; wings pubescent be-
neath to 5 mm. long, 4-5-nerved as the slightly shorter keel, this
pubescent within, the middle lobe obtuse, emarginate; upper petals
elongate-spathulate, pubescent; stamens 8, almost entirely united,
the free part pubescent, the anthers more or less mucronate; ovary
glabrous as the cylindric style, this geniculate above the base; upper
stigma lobe 1-tubercled, papillose. — The var. latifolia Chodat, I.e.
FLORA OF PERU 935
page 219, differs in its broad leaves (to about 6 cm. wide), longer
petioles (4-6 mm.), upper sepal at most 4.4 mm. long and the orange
keel.
Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, Schunke 487, type. Huacapistana,
Kittip & Smith 24515. San Ramon, Kittip & Smith 24754; 24765.
La Merced, along sunny stream, 600 meters, 5410 (type var.).
Monnina macrostachya R. & P. Syst. Veg. 173. 1798; 139.
Polygala lanceolata Poir. Encycl. 5: 498. 1804. M. lanceolata DC.
Prodr. 1: 339. 1824. M. macrostachya var. pumila Gray, U. S. Expl.
Exped. Bot. 1: 107. 1854. M. Weberbaueri var. elongata Chodat,
Bot. Jahrb. 42: 103. 1908; var. pachyantha Chodat, I.e.; var. maxima
Chodat, I.e.
Similar to M. Weberbaueri but the leaves usually acuminate,
petioles 1-2.5 mm. long; peduncles to 8 cm. long, the axis to 2 dm.
long or longer, the bracts usually 2 mm. long or longer; flowers 4-6
mm. long, the pedicels about 1 mm. long, lower sepals 2-2.4 mm.
long, rarely 3-nerved, the upper one 3-5-nerved; samara ovate, 3-5
mm. long, rarely strigillose, the wing 0.6-1 mm. wide, deeply emargi-
nate base and apex. — Type of P. lanceolata not seen and since the
varieties of Chodat come from within this area it is presumed that
they are referable here rather than to the related M. Weberbaueri
and M. arenicola, which are strictly confined to the lomas. Type
locality "Cercado et Chancay." Altitudinal range 1,300 to 3,300
meters. Illustrated, Ferreyra, I.e. pi. 3. F.M. Neg. 34917 (M.
lanceolata).
Huanuco: Mito, 1548. — Lima: Canta, Pennell 14343. Obrajillo,
Pennell 14372. Below Obrajillo, Pennell 14436; Wilkes Exped.,
type of var. pumila; Pennell 14373. Yanahuanca, 1168. Cajatambo
Prov., Stork 11451. Above Santa Eulalia, Goodspeed 33016. Matu-
cana, 88, 311; Goodspeed 11332; Stork & Horton 9143. Valley of
Lima, Mathews 394. — Ancash: Vicinity of Chiquian, Prov. of
Bolognesi, Ferreyra 5677; 5681. — Libertad: Otuzco to Huamachuco,
Ferreyra 2988. — Moquehua: Estuquina, Weberbauer 7451. Carumas,
Weberbauer 7301. Without locality, Mathews 1001; Dombey.
Monnina marginata Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 102. 1835; 144.
M. laurifolia Chodat, Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, ser. 2. 25: 208. 1934.
M . petiolaris Chodat, I.e. 214. M. petiolaris var. elliptica Chodat,
I.e. 215.
A slender tree sometimes attaining 4.5 meters with crown to
1 meter in diameter, the many striate glabrous branches to 1 cm.
936 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
thick; petioles 2-10 mm. long, articulate, almost cylindric, becoming
glabrescent; leaves lanceolate, attenuate at base, acute, rarely more
or less obtuse, 2.5-10 cm. long, 11-28 mm. wide, glabrescent above,
slightly pubescent beneath, with 6-8 lateral veins; racemes shortly
peduncled, simple, terminal, conspicuously corymbose, conical, 8-9
mm. wide, the axis 2-3 cm. long, finely pubescent with inconspicuous
triangular bracts about 1 mm. long; flowers 4-5 mm. long; pedicels
0.5-1.8 mm. long, slightly pubescent; outer sepals ovate-triangular,
ciliate, obtuse, pubescent beneath, the two lower one-half united,
1-nerved, about 2 mm. long, the upper one 2-2.4 mm. long, 3-nerved;
wings deep blue, 4.5-5.5 mm. long, obovate, more or less obtuse
and ciliate at base, 5-nerved, pubescent beneath, equaled by the
yellow keel, this glabrous at margin, 3-4-nerved, 3-lobed, the middle
lobe obtuse-emarginate ; upper petals spathulate, densely pubescent;
stamens 8, nearly united, glabrous; ovary elliptic, conspicuously
pubescent, the upper longitudinal line with rigid larger trichomes;
style glabrous, medially geniculate, cylindric, the upper stigma lobe
1-tubercled, papillose; drupe ovate, 4-6 mm. long, half as wide,
glabrous, reticulate. — Closely related to M. conferta R. & P. but
different in the larger lanceolate leaves, conspicuously corymbose
racemes, 1-nerved sepals, pubescent wings and ovary. Ranges
between 2,800 and 2,900 meters. Illustrated, Ferreyra, I.e. pi. 4-
F.M. Neg. 13109.
Huanuco: Pampayacu to Huanuco, Kanehira 190. Carpish,
Stork & Horton 9908; Ferreyra 1206; 1710; 1716; 2345. Tambo de
Vaca, 4^08 (type, M. petiolaris var. elliptica). Panao, 3620 (type,
M. petiolaris). South of Mito, 1855 (type, M. laurifolia) . In moun-
tains of Huanuco, Haenke, type.
Monnina Mathusiana Chodat, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 134. 1895;
161. M. scandens Chodat, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 98. 1908.
Scandent, with slightly hirsute branches; petioles 3-4 mm. long;
leaves lanceolate, acute or more or less acuminate, 3.5-8 cm. long,
1-3 cm. wide, becoming glabrescent above, the lateral nerves 4 or 5;
inflorescence paniculate, the pubescent rachis to 2 dm. long, the
numerous racemes lax, the hirsute bracts filiform; flowers to 4.5 mm.
wide, subglobose on short pedicels; outer sepals free, ovate-triangular,
ciliate, slightly concave, 1-3-nerved; wings three times larger, ovate,
obtuse; keel yellowish, 3-lobed, the lobes acute; upper petals fan-
like, glabrescent, the almost entirely united filaments pubescent;
ovary glabrous; style straight, becoming geniculate, the lower
FLORA OF PERU 937
stigma lobe denticulate, the upper with 1 papillose tubercle. — I have
seen no material of this species other than photographs. F.M.
Negs. 32381; 13138 (M. scandens).
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews 1190, type. — Cajamarca:
Chugur, Hualgayoc, 2,700 meters, Weberbauer 4072 (type, M.
scandens).
Monnina membranifolia Ferr. Publ. Mus. Hist. Nat. "Javier
Prado" (Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos), Ser. B.
Botanica 1: 2. 1948.
Small tree sometimes 3.5 meters high, the trunk at base to 6 cm.
in diameter, the many striate, shortly puberulent branches 2-4 mm.
thick, petioles 1.5-3 mm. long, puberulent; leaves elliptic, more or
less lanceolate, long-attenuate at base, acute or obtuse, 2.5-9 cm.
long, mostly 1.5-4.5 cm. wide, membranous, the lateral nerves 6 or 8;
racemes simple, terminal or axillary, more or less conical, 10-12 mm.
thick, the rachis 3.5-14 cm. long, puberulent, the peduncle 1-4 cm.
long; bracts ovate, acute, pubescent beneath, 1.5-1.8 mm. long;
flowers 6-7 mm. long, the puberulent pedicels to 1.6 mm. long; outer
sepals rather lanceolate, concave, pubescent beneath, 3-nerved, the
lower two to 2.6 mm. long, one-half connate, obtuse, the upper 3.5
mm. long, acute; wings about 6.5 mm. long, 5-nerved, the middle
nerve prominent, puberulent beneath, the slightly longer keel gla-
brous, 3-lobed, 4-nerved; upper petals slender, densely pubescent
both sides; stamens 8, the short free part of the filaments -glabrous
as the oblong ovary and the finally geniculate and horizontal style,
this more or less cylindric; upper stigma lobe tuberculate, papillose,
the lower acute; drupes ovate-oblong, 9-12 mm. long, glabrous.—
It differs from M. canescens Ferr. principally in its large elliptic
glabrescent membranous leaves with 6-8 lateral nerves, and in the
3-nerved outer sepals and large fruit. Illustrated, Ferreyra, I.e. pi. 1.
Lima: Llacshishi, Surco, 3,200 to 3,300 meters, Ferreyra 700,
type, herb. Ferreyra, Isotype, Herb. Mus. Hist. Nat. "Javier Prado"
de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos de Lima.
Monnina menthoides Chodat, Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, seY. 2.
25: 219. 1934; 143.
Canescent-tomentose, shrubby, the branches 2.5-3 mm. thick,
the leaves lanceolate, attenuate at base, acute, sometimes mucronate,
3-4 cm. long, 8-9 mm. wide, more densely pubescent beneath than
above, sinuate denticulate; petioles 3 mm. long; racemes simple,
938 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
terminal, 6-8 cm. long, the axis 6-12 cm. long, densely hirsute, the
linear bracts pubescent beneath; flowers 5 mm. long, the pubescent
pedicels 1 mm. long; outer sepals ciliate, the two lower united;
wings more or less orbicular, slightly clawed, ciliate; upper petals
linear-spathulate, pubescent; filaments more or less united; ovary
pubescent; styles geniculate; samara cordate, 5 mm. long and wide,
pubescent, the apex slightly emarginate, the reticulate body canes-
cent. — Description compiled, the type not seen; it appears to be
closely related to M. andina Chodat and M. cyanea Chodat, the
former much less pubescent and the latter with free sepals.
Cuzco: Marcapata, Prov. Quispicanchis, (Weberbauer 7786, type).
Monnina ovata Ferr. Journ. Arnold Arb. 27: 151. 1946.
Scandent shrub with woody glabrous prominently striate branches
2-5 mm. thick and ovate obtuse glabrous leaves 3.2-8.6 cm. long,
1.6-3.5 cm. broad, the lateral nerves 9-10; petioles 4-6 mm. long,
concave above; panicles ample, much-branched, the lax racemes
puberulent or glabrous, 8-10 mm. thick, the glabrous rachis 12-16
cm. long with slender peduncle 4^4.5 cm. long; bracts inconspicuous;
flowers globose, 4.5-5.5 mm. long, the shortly puberulent peduncles
about 1 mm. long; outer sepals lanceolate, obtuse, concave, ciliate,
the two lower to 2.4 mm. long, one-half connate, 3-nerved, glabres-
cent beneath, the upper sepal 5-nerved to 3 mm. long, puberulent
beneath; wings 5-5.8 mm. long, 3-4-nerved, conspicuously ciliate
puberulent beneath, equaled by the 3-lobed keel, this puberulent
within, the lateral lobes notably ciliate; upper petals dilated or
spathulate, puberulent both sides; stamens 8, the glabrous filaments
nearly entirely united; ovary ovate, puberulent, the glabrous style
geniculate near the base, upper stigma lobe tuberculate, papillose,
the lower rather obtuse; drupes elliptic, 5.5-7 mm. long, glabrous,
reticulate. — Seems closely related to M. Ruiziana Chodat but
scandent, with glabrous striate branches, obtuse leaves and pubescent
ovary. Illustrated, Ferreyra, I.e. pi. 6.
Huanuco: Playapampa, 2,700 meters, 4493, type.
Monnina pachycoma Chodat, Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, seY. 2.
25: 220. 1934; 166.
Character in general that of M. Herrerae; trichomes on branches
0.8-1.2 mm. long, petioles 3.5-4.5 mm. long, the stipules densely
hirsute; leaves 2-6 cm. long, 8-21 mm. wide, obtuse, rarely slightly
mucronate; racemes almost conical, acute, 11-16 mm. wide, the
FLORA OF PERU 939
rachis 3.5-10 cm. long, the bracts to 6.5 mm. long; flowers 6- nearly
7 mm. long, the pedicels about 1.5 mm. long; outer sepals to 7 mm.
long, glabrous beneath, the apex strongly involute, the two lower
3-nerved; keel 6-8 mm. long; drupes ellipsoid to 9 mm. long, glabrous,
more or less reticulate. — The conspicuous outer sepals with their
strongly involute apex characterize this species. Illustrated, Fer-
reyra, I.e. pi. 10.
Cuzco: Paso de Tres Cruces, Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 3,600 meters,
Pennell 13834, type; 13823. Acanacu Pass, Prov. of Paucartambo,
West 7036.
Monnina Pavoni Chodat, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 132. 1895; Bot.
Jahrb. 42: 102. 1908; 152. M. huacachiana Chodat, Bull. Soc. Bot.
Geneve, se"r. 2. 25: 210. 1934.
Character in general that of M . polystachya but the conspicuously
pubescent branches, these 3-7 mm. thick, becoming more or less
glabrescent, the rigid trichomes at most 1 mm. long; petioles almost
cylindric, with leaflets in the axils; leaves less pubescent above,
3-9 cm. long, 12-30 mm. wide; panicle to nearly 2.5 dm. long, the
numerous racemes 7-19 cm. long on peduncles 12-24 mm. long, the
bracts 3-3.6 mm. long; pedicels to 1.8 mm. long; outer sepals more
or less acuminate, the two lower 1.8-2.4 mm. long, one-half connate,
the upper 3-nerved; wings with 3 or 4 nerves; filaments almost en-
tirely united, the anthers mucronate; style pubescent near base;
drupes 4.2-5.4 mm. long. — Has been found between 2,000 and 3,000
meters. Illustrated, Ferreyra, I.e. pi. 7.
Huanuco: Huacachi, Estacion near Mufia, 3885; 4124 (type of
M. huacachiana). Panao, 3622. Prov. of Pachitea, Ferreyra 1797.
Locality not given, Pav6n, type.
Monnina peruviana Chodat, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 133. 1895;
161.
Frutescent, the many early puberulent branches nodose, 5-7 mm.
thick; petioles 2-6 mm. long; leaves more or less decurrent, linear-
lanceolate, usually acute, 8-12 cm. long, 16-26 mm. wide, puberulent,
with 7-8 lateral nerves; racemes more or less cylindric, acute, 5-7 mm.
wide, simple, axillary or terminal, subsessile, the rachis 3-7 cm. long,
densely pubescent, with ovate-triangular bracts to nearly 3 mm. long,
pubescent beneath; flowers to 4.5 mm. long, the pubescent pedicels
more than 1 mm. long; outer sepals free, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse,
ciliate, glabrous beneath, the two lower about 2 mm. long, 3-nerved,
940 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
the longer upper one 5-nerved; wings deep blue, about 4.5 mm. long,
ciliate, glabrous within, 5-6-nerved; keel shorter, densely pubescent
within, ciliolate at base, almost obtuse, 3-lobed; upper petals spathu-
late, pubescent; stamens 8, the almost entirely united filaments
glabrous; ovary ellipsoid, densely pubescent with rigid ascendant
trichomes above; style medially geniculate, very pubescent, cylindric;
lower stigma lobe obtuse, upper with one papillose tubercle. —
Illustrated, Ferreyra, I.e. pL 5.
Amazonas: Near Chachapoyas, Mathews, type.
Monnina pilosa HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 419. 1823; 163.
Tree, the branches densely hirsute, terete; petioles 3.5-5 mm.
long, semi-terete, pubescent; leaves oblong, attenuate at base, more
or less obtuse, sometimes acuminate, 7.5-9.5 cm. long, 3-4 cm. wide,
densely pubescent with 7-8 lateral veins; panicles more or less corym-
bose, the axis hirsute, lax, the bracts pubescent; flowers shortly
pedicellate; outer sepals free, ovate, ciliate, concave, the two lower
3-nerved, acute, upper one 5-nerved, obtuse; wings twice as large
as sepals, fan-like, 7-nerved, glabrous; keel nearly oblong, pubescent
within, glabrous beneath; upper petals short, glabrous; stamens 8,
the filaments united below, the anthers ovate, obtuse; ovary ovoid,
glabrous as the geniculate style, lower stigma lobe denticulate, the
upper with one papillose tubercle. — Description adapted from the
original and also from fragments of the type. The var. glabrescens
Ferr. is sparsely pilose, the more or less spathulate, acutish leaves
to 16.5 cm. long. Illustrated, Ferreyra, I.e. pi. 10. F.M. Neg. 34927.
Piura: Ayavaca, Bonpland 3490, type. Canchaque, Prov. of
Huancabamba, Stork 11425, type, var. Above Canchaque, Ferreyra
3124 (var. glabrescens). Ecuador.
Monnina polystachya R. & P. Syst. Veg. 171. 1798; 151.
Densely puberulent scandent shrub attaining 4.5 meters, the
branches 4-5 mm. thick, yellowish pubescent, with trichomes 1.2-
2(2.5) mm. long; petioles 2-6 mm. long, basally articulate, concave
above; leaves lanceolate, attenuate at base, usually acute, 2.5-7.5
cm. long, 1-3.5 cm. wide; inflorescence paniculate, the rachis 7-12
cm. long, the 4-7 subsessile lax racemes 3-10.5 cm. long, 8-10 mm.
wide, with lanceolate acuminate pubescent 1-nerved bracts 2-3.2
mm. long; flowers 4.6-5 mm. long, the pedicels about 1 mm. long;
outer sepals almost lanceolate, acute, ciliate, the two lower about
1.5 mm. long, two-thirds connate, 1-nerved, glabrous beneath, the
FLORA OF PERU 941
longer 5-nerved upper one pubescent beneath; wings 5-5.4 mm. long,
ciliate and obtuse at base, glabrous beneath, 4-5-nerved; keel
4.8-6 mm. long, pubescent within, 3-4-nerved, 3-lobed, the middle
lobe obtuse, emarginate; upper petals slightly spathulate, pubescent
within; stamens 8, the filaments more or less united; ovary pubescent
below, sometimes becoming glabrescent, the glabrous styles genicu-
late above the base, cylindric; upper stigma lobe with one papillose
tubercle; drupe elliptic, 5-7.5 mm. long, glabrescent, reticulate.—
This is the type of the genus Monnina. Illustrated, Ferreyra, I.e.
pi. 7. F.M. Neg. 7978.
Huanuco: South of Mito, 3,000 meters, 1848. "In Huanuci
Provincia," Ruiz & Pavon, type.
Monnina pseudo-polystachya Chodat, Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve,
se>. 2. 25: 217. 1934; 153.
Similar to M. polystachya and weakly separated from that and
M. Pavoni; branches densely pubescent; leaves thicker, 2.5-10 cm.
long, mostly 1-4 cm. wide; panicles to 12 cm. long, the numerous
racemes subsessile; outer sepals strongly pubescent beneath with
rigid trichomes, the keel glabrescent within, the wings somewhat
pubescent and ciliate near or at base; ovary densely pubescent, the
style conspicuously so above. — Illustrated, Ferreyra, I.e. pi. 7.
Huanuco: Mufia, trail to Tambo de Vaca, 2,400 meters, 4317,
type.
Monnina pseudo-salicifolia Ferr. Journ. Arnold Arb. 27: 145.
1946.
Resembles M . marginata but is less robust, the branches 2-4 mm.
thick, the leaves more or less elliptic, 3.5-9.2 cm. long, 1.8-3.6
cm. broad, the lower sepals 3-nerved, only slightly connate, about
2.5 mm. long, the upper sepal 5-nerved, about 3 mm. long, the
wings glabrous beneath but pubescent within as the keel, while the
upper petals are conspicuously puberulent both sides; petioles 1-2
mm. long; racemes 6-8 mm. thick, rachis 3.5 cm. long; bracts 2-2.2
mm. long; flowers 4.6-5.5 mm. long; ovary pubescent or more or less
glabrescent. — Superficially resembles M. salicifolia R. & P. from
which it differs in its united lower sepals, pubescent ovary, and other-
wise. Illustrated, Ferreyra, I.e. pi. 4-
Piura: Above Palambla, Prov. of Huancabamba, 3,000 meters,
Weberbauer 6055, type.
942 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Monnina pterocarpa R. & P. Syst. Veg. 174. 1798; 132. M.
augustifolia DC. Prodr. 1: 340. 1824. M. chanduyensis Chodat, Bull.
Herb. Boiss. 2: 167. 1894. M. pterocarpa var. exauriculata Chodat,
Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, ser. 2. 25: 202. 1934.
Frutescent, often several sometimes many dm. high, the erect
terete glabrescent stem to 7 mm. thick, the branches elongate;
petioles 1-2.5 mm. long, pubescent; leaves linear or the lower ovate-
lanceolate, attenuate at base, usually acute, 11-55 mm. long, 3-22
mm. wide, glabrescent above, slightly pubescent beneath, with 4-5
lateral veins; racemes terminal, shortly peduncled, more or less
conical, acute, 8-11 mm. wide, the finely pubescent axis 7-22 mm.
long, the filiform deciduous 1-nerved bracts about 2 mm. long, pubes-
cent beneath, and ciliate; flowers 4-4.6 mm. long, the glabrous
pedicels to 1 mm. long; outer sepals free, lanceolate, acute, pubescent
beneath and ciliate, the two lower to 2 mm. long, 3-nerved, the upper
one 2-2.5 mm. long, 3-5-nerved as the glabrous purple wings, these
obovate, acute at base, 4-5 mm. long; keel yellow, 4-5.8 mm. long,
almost orbicular, plicate, glabrous within, obtuse at base, 3- or 4-
nerved, 3-lobed, the middle lobe obtuse, emarginate; upper petals
pubescent within; stamens 8, the acute tube pubescent, the anthers
emarginate; ovary elliptic, glabrous as the longer style, this geniculate
near base, the much wider tip with two usually conspicuous auricles,
the lower stigma-lobe rather acute, the upper 2-tubercled; samara
ovate, 3.5-8 mm. long, 3-7 mm. wide, strigillose, becoming glabres-
cent, the membranous wing 1-2.5 mm. wide, deeply emarginate at
apex and base, the body rugose-reticulate. — Wing of samara is some-
times irregular and asymmetrical (M . chanduyensis). However, some
specimens from Piura have symmetrical samaras while those in the
material from Lima appear to be asymmetrical. Pennell 14812 and
Svenson 11221 have an inconspicuous winged style; Pennell 14467,
small anthers and filaments with the upper part more or less free.
Resembles a tall Polygala. Dry coastal areas between 20 and 2,000
meters. Illustrated, Bot. Mag. 58: pi. 8122 (as M. obtusifolia) ;
Ferreyra, I.e. pi. 1. F.M. Negs. 13108 (M. chanduyensis)', 24313;
24319; 7973 (M. angustifolia).
Tumbez: Caucas, Prov. of Tumbez, Weberbauer 7757 (isotypes
of M. pterocarpa var. exauriculata). — Piura: Talara, Johnston 3512;
Haught 7; Ferreyra 5938; 6051. Piura y Sullana, Ferreyra 6005.
Parinas Valley, Haught 91. Paita, Pennell 14812— Lima: 1838-42,
WilkesExped. Near Lima, Martinet. Quives, Pennell 1 4298. Near
Viscas, Pennell 14467. Santa Eulalia, Prov. Huarochiri, Chosica,
Goodspeed 11308. Chosica, 2874; 494; Mexia 4007; Rose & Rose
FLORA OF PERU 943
18545; Grant 7393; Soukup 2049; Ferreyra 543; 596; 3488. Chosica
to Ricardo Palma, Ferreyra 5333. Prov. of Cajatambo, Ferreyra
3553; 3561. — Ayacucho: Nazca to Puquio, Ferreyra 5452. Without
locality and date, Dombey 28; Gay; Pavdn, type, "ex Lima," 1807,
Lagasca 54 (type, M. angustifolia). To southwestern Ecuador.
Monnina ramosa Johnst. Contr. Gray Herb. 70: 77. 1924; 136.
Erect, conspicuously branched more or less herbaceous annual,
1.5-2 dm. high from a branched curved root; branches 4-12 cm.
long, canescent-pubescent; petioles to 1 mm. long; leaves linear,
attenuate at base, obtuse or rarely acute, 1-3 cm. long, 1-2.5 mm.
wide, finely pubescent, revolute; racemes conical, 5-8 mm. wide,
the peduncle short, the axis 5-10 cm. long, canescent-pubescent,
the bracts linear or lanceolate, 2.5-3 mm. long, pubescent beneath
and ciliate, 1-nerved; flowers 3.5-4.8 mm. long, the glabrous pedicel
0.5-0.7 mm. long; outer sepals free, ciliate, lanceolate, 3-nerved, the
two lower 1.4-1.7 mm. long, the upper one 2-2.2 mm. long; wings
white, 4-5 mm. long, obovate, 3-nerved, keel yellowish, 4-5 mm.
long, both glabrous, the former obovate, 3-nerved, the latter orbicular,
3-lobed, the middle lobe emarginate ; upper petals elongate, pubescent
within; stamens 8, the united filaments glabrous, the subsessile
anthers emarginate; ovary glabrous, the longer glabrous style straight
becoming geniculate above, the upper lobe of the broad stigma
1-tubercled, elongate, cylindric; samara ovate, 3.5-4 mm. long,
strigillose, the wings about 1 mm. wide, membranous, deeply emargi-
nate at apex and base, the body rugose-reticulate. — Illustrated,
Ferreyra, I.e. pi. 2.
Arequipa: On sandy pampa at 3,300 meters, on south slope of
Chachani Mountain near Arequipa, Hinkley & Hinkley 13, type.
Arequipa desert, Cockerell.
Monnina Ruiziana Chodat, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 100. 1908; 154.
Shrub, to 3 meters high, the branches elliptic, more or less acute;
leaves, these 4-5 cm. long, 3.5-4 cm. wide, and paniculate inflores-
cence densely hirsute; petioles 4-6 mm. long; racemes divaricate,
lax, the almost deciduous filiform bracts obscure; flowers 3.5-4
mm. long, shortly pediceled; outer sepals ovate-triangular, obtuse
or more or less acute, ciliate, pubescent beneath, the two lower
connate; wings orbicular, attenuate at base; keel yellow, hemispheric,
obtusely 3-lobed; upper petals linear or dilated; filaments almost
entirely united, pubescent above; ovary glabrous or rarely somewhat
944 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
pubescent, the style geniculate; fruit unknown. — Forma longepetio-
lata Chodat, I.e. page 101, has petioles to 7.8 mm. long. No material
seen, the description compiled. F.M. Neg. 13136.
Hudnuco: Monzon, Prov. of Huamalies, Weberbauer 3355, 2,000
to 2,900 meters, type; 3527, type, forma.
Monnina salicifolia R. & P. Syst. Veg. 172. 1798; 157. M.
crotalarioides DC. Prodr. 1: 339. 1824 et vars. glabrescens, pseudo-
loxensis, macrophylla and leptostachys Chodat, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 99.
1908.
Shrub, sometimes 2.5 meters high, with nodose early pubescent
branches 1-5 mm. thick; petioles 1-2.5 mm. long, concave above,
articulate, pubescent; leaves usually elliptic, obtuse or sometimes
acute, to 7 cm. long, 2.5 cm. wide, mostly smaller, slightly revolute,
glabrate in age, with 4-5 lateral veins; racemes conical, acute, 9-12
mm. wide, simple, terminal on peduncles 5-12 mm. long, the pubes-
cent striate rachis 1-8 cm. long, the acute or acuminate bracts 1.4-
3 mm. long, 1-nerved, puberulent beneath; flowers 4.5-6.5 mm. long,
the puberulent pedicels 1-1.4 mm. long; outer sepals free, ovate-
triangular, obtuse, more or less pubescent beneath, the two lower
1.4-2.2 mm. long, 3-nerved, the slightly longer upper one 5-nerved;
wings indigo blue, 5.6-6.8 mm. long, usually lightly pubescent
beneath, sometimes with a few trichomes within, 3-4-nerved as the
yellow 3-lobed keel, this usually pubescent within; upper petals
more or less elongate, pubescent; stamens 8, the filaments almost
entirely connate, glabrous as the ovary and geniculate cylindric
style, or this rarely pilose, var. pilostylis Ferr. I.e. page 158, lower
stigma lobe acute, the upper with one papillose tubercle; drupe
ellipsoid, often 5-6 mm. long, glabrous, reticulate. — Type localities
of Ruiz & Pavon, "Huarocheri, Tarma et Panatahuarum Provincias,"
from Departments of Lima and Junin. Known between 1,800 and
3,900 meters, very common and not all of the available collections
cited. Illustrated, Ferreyra, I.e. pi 8. F.M. Negs. 7976 (M. crota-
larioides) ; 7975.
Cajamarca: Ferreyra 3191; 3208. — Libertad: Eastern base of
Cerro Huaylillas, Prov. of Huamachuco, West 8125; Ferreyra 3000;
3051. — Ancash: Chiquian, Prov. of Bolognesi, Ferreyra 5603; 5801.
— Huanuco: Stork & Horton 9375. Panao, Prov. of Pachitea, Fer-
reyra 1767; 1807; 1810; 1818— Lima: Rio Blanco, 664; Killip &
Smith 21621; 21609; 21569 (type, var. pilostylis). Matucana, 95,
Huarochiri, Hrdlicka. San Damian, Hrdlicka. Near Surco, Ferreyra
FLORA OF PERU 945
5395; 5397; 688. Oyon, Prov. of Cajatambo, Ferreyra 3535 (var.
pilostylis).— Junfn: Vicinity of Oroya, Rose & Rose 18698. Que-
bradas east of Huancayo, Stork & Horton 10220. Between Viques
and Ingahuasi, Mantaro Canyon, Kittip & Smith 22175. Parco,
Jauja to Oroya, Ferreyra 2828—Aya.cucho: "Tambillo," West 3651 —
Huancavelica: Near Cordova, Prov. of Castrovirreina, Metcalf 30276.
North of Yauli, Prov. of Huancavelica, Stork & Horton 10882 (var.).
— Apurimac: Pincos, Prov. of Andahuaylas, Stork & Horton 10680.
Chincheros, West 36 93; Ferreyra 2797. — Cuzco: Paucartambo Valley,
Herrera 2965. Huaillabamba, Balls 6739. Below Colquipata, Pen-
mil 13784. Cerro Macchu Picchu, Prov. of Urubamba, Mexia 8074a.
Summit of Huayna Picchu, West 6430. Macchu Picchu, Ferreyra
2797. Ollantaytambo, Cook & Gilbert 1219. San Miguel, Urubamba
Valley, Cook & Gilbert 1154; Soukup 33. Saxaihuaman, above
Cuzco, Pennell 13549; Herrera 2376. Colinas del Rodadero, Vargas
3147. Vilcanota, below Caicai, Pennell 14188. Marcapata, Prov.
of Quispicanchis, Vargas 1334- Prov. of Quispicanchis and Cuzco,
Herrera 682. San Sebastian, Pennell 13617. Convention, Vargas
1838. Mantaro, Herrera 763a. Saxaihuaman, Ferreyra 2617. Nee
without number, type, Paris Herbarium. Bolivia; Ecuador.
Monnina stipulata Chodat, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 170. 1894; 148.
Frutescent, to 1 meter high, the branches 4-7 mm. thick, early
densely pubescent, with yellow lax trichomes; petioles 3-6 mm. long,
densely pubescent, articulate, cylindric; leaves ovate-elliptic, obtuse,
sometimes almost acute, 3.5-9 cm. long, 1.5-4 cm. wide, finely
pubescent above, becoming glabrescent, prominently canescent-
pubescent beneath, strongly revolute with 7-8 lateral veins; racemes
subsessile, axillary or terminal, simple, conical, 8-27 mm. long, 7-9
mm. wide, the densely pubescent rachis to 3 cm. long, with triangular
concave acute ciliate 1-nerved bracts 1.8-2.5 mm. long, pubescent
beneath; flowers 4-6 mm. long, the pubescent pedicels less than 1 mm.
long; outer sepals ovate, obtuse, ciliate, pubescent beneath, the two
lower 2 mm. long or slightly longer, two- thirds connate, 5-nerved,
the upper one about 3 mm. long and 7-nerved; wings 5-6 mm. long,
4-5-nerved, slightly pubescent beneath, glabrous within; keel 5.5-7
mm. long, pubescent within, 7-8-nerved, 3-lobed, the middle lobe
obtuse, emarginate; upper petals more or less spathulate, pubescent;
stamens 8, the filaments almost entirely united, the anthers mucro-
nate; ovary rarely with a few trichomes on the upper part, the
glabrous style geniculate medially, the upper stigma lobe 1-tubercled,
papillose. — The species is characterized by the short simple terminal
946 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
racemes and ovate-elliptic strongly revolute leaves. The significance
of the name has not been clarified. The range is Bolivia. Illustrated,
Ferreyra, I.e. pi. 5.
Puno: North of Limbani, Province of Sandia, Metcalf 30511.
Bolivia.
Monnina tomentella Chodat, Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, ser. 2.
25: 210. 1934; 164.
Resembles M. densecomata; branches divaricate, 2.5-3 mm. thick,
strongly ligneous, densely pubescent, with lax yellow trichomes
1-1.2 mm. long; petioles concave above; leaves elliptic or lanceolate
or somewhat oblanceolate, obtuse, conspicuously tomentose, not
revolute; rachis of inflorescence 10-18 cm. long, canescent-tomentose
as the obtuse racemes, these ascendant, almost rigid; upper sepals
acute; wings more or less pubescent within, the keel glabrous; drupes
to 5 mm. long, almost truncate at base. — Illustrated, Ferreyra, I.e.
pi. 10.
Piura: Above Huancabamba, eastern cordillera, 2,600 meters,
Weberbauer 6139, type.
Monnina Vargasii Ferr. Journ. Arnold Arb. 27: 162. 1946.
Herbaceous perennial, hirsute, the branches notably so, 2-3 mm.
thick; petioles 3-7 mm. long, densely puberulent; leaves lanceolate,
long-attenuate to base, more or less acuminate, 4.5-12 cm. long,
mostly 1.5-4 cm. wide, puberulent both sides, the lateral nerves 7-8;
racemes 2-3 aggregate, more or less conical, 6-9 mm. thick, the
densely puberulent rachis 5-8 cm. long with lanceolate bracts 2.6-
4.8 mm. long, puberulent beneath; flowers 5-6 mm. long, the pedicels
nearly 1.5 mm. long; outer sepals free, lanceolate, puberulent beneath,
the two lower to 2.4 mm. long, 3-nerved, acute, the longer upper one
5-nerved, obtuse; wings 6-7 mm. long, glabrous except for cilia,
4-5-nerved as the quite as long keel, this glabrescent within, 3-lobed;
upper petals elongate, puberulent both sides; stamens 8, the short
free part of the filaments glabrous; ovary more or less puberulent;
style geniculate, finally horizontal, glabrous, the upper stigma tip
tuberculate, papillose, the lower obtuse. — Near M. pilosa HBK. of
northern Peru, from which it differs in its herbaceous habit, lanceo-
late leaves and pubescent ovary; it also suggests M. acutifolia Chodat
but the racemes are smaller and the lateral leaf nerves 7 or 8.
The species is dedicated to Dr. Cesar Vargas, Professor of Botany
at the University of Cuzco. Illustrated, Ferreyra, I.e. pi. 9.
FLORA OF PERU 947
Apurimac: Bosques de Ampai, Prov. of Abancay, 3,300 meters,
Vargas 771, type.
Monnina Vitis-Idaea Chodat, Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, se"r. 2.
25: 208. 1934; 146. M. arbuscula Chodat, I.e. 222.
Shrub to 3 dm. high, well marked by the glabrous nodose woody
stem, this 5-7 mm. thick, and the small coriaceous leaves, these
usually elliptic, rarely ovate, 1-2 cm. long, 5-8 mm. wide, obtuse,
slightly revolute, glabrescent, with 4-5 lateral veins; petioles 1-1.5
mm. long, cylindric, more or less pubescent; peduncles short, the
conical racemes 6-8 mm. wide, 12-16 mm. long, finely pubescent
and with inconspicuous triangular bracts; flowers about 4 mm. long,
the finely pubescent pedicels less than one mm. long; outer sepals
ovate-triangular, ciliate, glabrous beneath, the two lower about
2 mm. long, one-half connate, obtuse, conspicuously 1-nerved, the
upper one 2-2.4 mm. long, acute, 5-nerved; wings 4-5 mm. long,
pubescent within, glabrous beneath, strongly 3-4-nerved; keel 3.5-4
mm. long, glabrous, 3-4-nerved, 2-lobed, the lobes obtuse; upper
petals notably elongate-spathulate; stamens 8, the filaments almost
entirely united, the anthers mucronate; ovary ovate-truncate, gla-
brous as the geniculate cylindric style, the upper stigma lobe 1-
tubercled, papillate; drupe ovate, 5-8 mm. long, glabrous, reticulate.
— Distinctive characters are, especially, the prominently nerved
sepals, the 2-lobed keel, and the mucronate anthers. Illustrated,
Ferreyra, I.e. pi. 5.
Piura: East of Huancabamba, Weberbauer 6129, type, and type
of M. arbuscula.
Monnina Weberbaueri Chodat, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 102. 1908; 138.
Herbaceous annual, sometimes several dm. high from a slender
branched to curved root, the erect terete branched stem pubescent
with short yellowish trichomes; petioles 1-2 mm. long, pubescent;
leaves lanceolate, rarely elliptic-spathulate, attenuate at base, ob-
tuse or sometimes acute, 12-46 mm. long, 6-26 mm. wide, glabrescent,
with 6 or 7 lateral veins; peduncles 1.5-4 cm. long, the axis of the
terminal conical racemes 2.5-16 cm. long, finely pubescent, the ciliate
filiform 1-nerved bracts at most 1.6 mm. long; flowers 2.8-5 mm.
long, the pedicels about 0.5 mm. long; outer sepals free, lanceolate,
ciliate, the two lower about 1.5 mm. long, 1-nerved, the upper one
2-2.2 mm. long, (l-)3-nerved; wings purple, often 3-4 mm. long,
obovate ciliate, 3-4-nerved; keel yellow, 3.4-5 mm. long, pubescent
948 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
within, acute at base, 3-4-nerved, 3-lobed, the larger middle lobe
acute; upper petals short, pubescent within; stamens 8, the com-
pletely united filaments glabrous, the anthers emarginate; ovary
glabrous, as the longer straight style, this becoming slightly genicu-
late near apex, almost cylindric; upper stigma lobe 2-tubercled;
fruit ovate without wings, about 2 mm. long, glabrescent, rugose-
reticulate. — Possibly related to M. macrostachya but distinguished
by its drupaceous fruit and its slender and shorter racemes; more-
over it is endemic to the lomas. Illustrated, Ferreyra, I.e. pi. 2.
F.M. Neg. 13144.
Lima: Lomas Pasamayo, south of Chancay, Stork & Vargas 9351.
Lomas south of Lima, Grant 7440. — Arequipa: Mollendo, Johnston
3551; Hitchcock 22422; Weberbauer 1505, type. Posco, Cook &
Gilbert 47.
5. MOUTABEA Aublet
Acosta R. & P. Prodr. 1. 1794; Syst. Veg. 1. 1798.
Glabrous, with thick fleshy leaves. Racemes short, axillary,
the flowers white or ochroleucous. Sepals little unequal, united as
the petals. Stamens 5-8 in a sheath adnate to corolla, the 5-8
anthers sessile. Ovary 4 (2-5) -celled. Fruits drupaceous, glabrous,
indehiscent, 2-5-seeded, edible. — Name originally spelled as above
from the native name "Aymoutabou."
Moutabea aculeata (R. & P.) Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. &
Sp. 2: 62. 1838. Acosta aculeata R. & P. Syst. Veg. 1. 1798; PI.
Peruv. 1:5. pi. 6. 1798.
A slender tree with tuberculate-aculeate branches, the compressed
deltoid spines of branchlets 2 mm. long, petioles thick, 1 cm. long,
4 mm. wide; leaves obovate-elliptic or oblong, acute at base, shortly
acuminate, 15 cm. long, a third as wide or somewhat larger, very
rigid-coriaceous; flowers white, slender, subcylindric, 1 cm. long,
subsessile in axillary racemes about 2 cm. long; anthers 8; drupe
with 4 seeds in a yellow edible pulp. — From similarity of the fruit
to that of Achras caimito the natives call it "Caimito de Monte"
(Ruiz & Pavon). The rather similar M. longifolia Poepp. & Endl.
I.e. of the Amazon has veiny oblong-lanceolate leaves, racemes to
5 times longer than petioles, flowers less slender, 1.5-2 cm. long on
flexuous perhaps scandent branches. F.M. Neg. 29601.
Huanuco: Chinchao, Machaynio and Macora, Ruiz & Pavdn,
type. — Loreto: Yurimaguas, Poeppig. Maucallacta, Rio Paranapura,
King 3936.
FLORA OF PERU 949
6. DICLIDANTHERA Mart.
Shrubs or trees with clambering tortuous or pendulous branches,
small caducous stipules, alternate entire elliptic or lanceolate veiny
leaves, white or ochroleucous hermaphrodite flowers borne in axillary
or terminal racemes. Calyx deeply 5-lobed, shortly campanulate,
the narrow divisions imbricate. Corolla elongate-cylindric. Sta-
mens 8-10, joined to corolla tube. Anthers sessile or nearly, cordate,
introrsely dehiscent. Ovary superior, globose, 5-celled, style simple,
stigma capitate. Ovule solitary, anatropous, pendulous. Fruit
capsular.— Carlos A. O'Donell, Lilloa 6: 207-212. pis. 1, 2. 1941,
has substantiated Martius' judgment that this genus is very closely
related to Moutabea, thus removing it from the vicinity of Styrax.
Both genera, especially in their regular flowers, are, however, not
characteristic for the Polygalaceae but otherwise they do not seem
to be particularly aberrant.
Leaves to 6 cm. wide; stamens 8; corolla about 1.5 cm. long.
D. octandra.
Leaves about 4 cm. wide; stamens 10; corolla 2.5 cm. long.
D. penduliflora.
Diclidanthera octandra Gleason, Phytolog. 1: 110. 1934.
A shrub, the type 3 meters tall, the finely pubescent flowering
branchlets angulate and widely spreading; petioles 5-8 mm. long;
leaves elliptic-oblong, obtuse both ends, to 13 cm. long, 6 cm. wide,
glabrous or the younger puberulent above on midnerve, pinnate
lateral nerves about 8, reticulate venation prominent both sides;
spikes solitary in the upper axils, finally 7 cm. long; sepals oblanceo-
late-oblong, about 6.5 mm. long, rounded at tip, puberulent-tomen-
tulose, nearly plane at anthesis; corolla tube 11-12 mm. long, rather
fleshy, lightly pilose, slightly ampliate above the somewhat spreading
obovate lobes 3.5-4 mm. long; stamens 8, 3 of them larger and
fertile, the remaining gradually smaller, the fleshy filaments 1 mm.
long; style villous, 3 mm. long in bud. — Differs in habit and in foliage
from the three other known species, and in having only 8 stamens
(Gleason). The author also allies it toBarnhartia Gleason of British
Guiana with 7 or 8 irregularly inserted stamens and unequally de-
veloped petals; the similar Lissocarpa Benth. of the Rio Negro has
8 stamens but they are inserted near the base of the corolla and
the filaments form an 8-dentate tube. These allied plants have also
been assigned to separate families, Diclidantheraceae and Lisso-
carpiaceae and this disposition might be more convenient, especially
950 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
since they are aberrant either here in the Polygalaceae or in the
Styracaceae, as noted above.
Rio Acre: Near mouth of Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5778, type.
Brazil?
Diclidanthera penduliflora Mart. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 140.
pi 196. 1826.
Branchlets slender; petioles with a cupulate gland at base of
leaf-blade, this ovate-elliptic, shortly or obtusely cuspidate or
rounded at tip, often 10-11 cm. long, about 4 cm. wide, glabrous;
racemes pendulous, usually a dm. long or longer; flowers bracted,
solitary or 2-3 together, the rachis puberulent; calyx glabrate or
pubescent, the slender segments obtusish; corolla yellowish, or white,
slightly fragrant (Mexia), villous within, 2.5 cm. long; ovary gla-
brous.— Illustrated, Martius, I.e. and Fl. Bras. 7: pi. 4-
Loreto: Rio Itaya, Mexia 6481 (det. Standley). Brazil.
TRIGONIACEAE Endl.
Reference: Warming in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 2. 1875.
Trees or lianas with alternate or opposite simple leaves, usually
small caducous stipules, racemose or paniculate flowers with 5 im-
bricate, more or less unequal sepals that are free or connate only at
base as also the 3 or 5 unequal and contorted petals, the posterior
usually the largest and gibbous at base. Stamens 3-12, unilateral
and sometimes in part infertile, the filaments connate at base or
below, the anthers 2-celled, longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary superior,
3-celled, lanate or strigose, the single style truncate. Ovules 2-many
in each cell. Fruit a 3-valved septicidal capsule, the compressed
seeds involved in cottony indument. — There is often a gland or
crenate crest opposite the posterior petal.
1. TRIGONIA Aublet
Character as given for the family.
Flower clusters sessile or nearly at least at anthesis; flower buds
5-7 mm. long.
Leaves concolor.
Buds 6-7 mm. long; pubescence drying brown T. macrantha.
Buds 5 mm. long; pubescence cinereous in part. . .T. Spruceana.
FLORA OF PERU 951
Leaves bicolor, white tomentose beneath as the 5 mm. long buds.
Bracts linear; stipules tomentose, rather caducous. . . .T. nivea.
Bracts ovate; stipules persisting, glabrate T. Killipii.
Flower clusters peduncled often even in bud, the flowers pedicellate.
Leaves bicolor, gray-white beneath, green above T. sericea.
Leaves concolor, nearly glabrous.
Mature buds about 5 mm. long; lateral nerves anastomosing
before margin.
Leaves subcoriaceous, the 10-12 lateral nerves 5-8 mm.
distant T. Spruceana.
Leaves membranous, the 5-8 lateral nerves 1-1.5 cm. distant.
T. virens.
Mature buds 2-3 mm. long; 5-6 lateral nerves lost in the
margin T. parviflora.
Trigonia Killipii Macbr., sp. nov.
Speciei T. nivea Camb. similis, differt ramulis petiolis inflores-
centiisque dense hirsuto-pilosis, stipulis persistentibus glabratis haud
tomentosis, foliis 9-10 cm. longis, 3.5-5 cm. latis, bracteis fere 2 mm.
latis.— Perhaps T. echiteifolia Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 324.
1907 of Bolivia, but the stems of that species according to Killip
scarcely hirsute-pilose; ex char, it also has shorter leaves and there
seem to be other differences. My friend called my attention to my
error in determining, a number of years ago, this plant as T. sericea,
which it simulates only in foliage. My specimen was from a long-
branched shrub or liana sprawling or supported in sunny brush, the
flowers fragrant.
Junin: La Merced, 5513, type. East of Quirimi Bridge near
La Merced, Killip & Smith 23846.
Trigonia macrantha Warm, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 2: 129.
1875.
Branchlets glabrous, sparsely lenticellate, 3 mm. thick; petioles
10-12 mm. long; stipules densely ashy puberulent or glabrate, linear,
7 mm. long; leaves oblong-elliptic, rounded-subcordulate at base,
abruptly acuminate, to 12 cm. long, 4-5 cm. wide, thin, the 10-12
nerves as the transverse veins prominent beneath where finely
arenose-tomentulose or glabrous, nearly glabrous above, lustrous
both sides; inflorescences and calyces, these both sides, brownish
tomentulose, the subsessile cymes 3-7-flowered; bracts linear-lanceo-
952 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
late, 7-10 mm. long, bractlets 4-5 mm. long, peduncles and pedicels
1 mm. long; calyx segments (outer) acute, 8 mm. long, half as wide,
the rest 2 mm. wide, the petals about half as long, 2 carinate, 2
spathulate; stamens 6 fertile, 4 sterile; ovary hirsute, the style gla-
brous except at base. — F.M. Neg. 12948.
Lore to: Yurimaguas at the Rio Huallaga, Spruce 3871, type.
Balsapuerto, King 2954; 3028 (both det. Standley, T. Spruceana).
Trigonia nivea Camb. in St. Hil. Fl. Bras. 2: 113. 1829; 134.
Liana with long branchlets, these with petioles 5-6 mm. long,
leaves beneath and panicles, including the calyces without, densely
appressed arenose- or pilose-tomentulose, this indument rather
fulvescent in inflorescence; stipules oblong, often bifid, 6-10 mm.
long, puberulent within, tomentose without; leaves lanceolate to
subelliptic, rarely obovate, acutely narrowed at base, acute or
narrowly acuminate, mostly 5-8 cm. long, 1.5-2.5 cm. wide, often
revolute, finely floccose-lanuginose or nearly glabrous above, pilose
beneath as the 10-14 prominent subparallel nerves, these finally im-
pressed above; cincinni sessile or nearly, 2-flowered in terminal and
many axillary racemes; bracts and calyces tomentose, not at all
sericeous, the former linear, 4-5 mm. long; pedicels at most 1-1.5
mm. long; buds 4-5 mm. long; sepals lustrous within, little pubescent;
fertile stamens 6-8; ovary hirsute, style glabrous; capsules elongate-
oblong, 6-7 mm. long, densely rufo-pilose without, laxly tomentose
within, the seeds reddish sericeous. — From the known range of the
species the determination of the Peruvian specimen not seen recently
may be questioned. F.M. Neg. 35058.
Rio Acre: ( Ule 9519, det. Pilger). To eastern Brazil.
Trigonia parviflora Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. Misc. 3: 163.
1851; 130.
Branchlets — these 3-4 mm. thick — and especially inflorescences
ashy appressed pubescent, the latter elongate and with 3-7-flowered
cincinni; petioles 6-8 mm. long; leaves ovate-oblong or elongate-
ovate, acute or obtuse, sometimes shortly acuminate, lightly cordate
to rounded at base, membranous or chartaceous-coriaceous, glabrous
and lustrous except the petioles and the 5-6 lateral nerves, 10-12
cm. long, 4.5-5.5 cm. wide, or smaller; bracts and bractlets 1-2.5
mm. long, the peduncles and pedicels very short; calyces pubescent
both sides, 2-3 mm. long; petals to 4 mm. long; sterile filaments 2-3,
FLORA OF PERU 953
fertile 6 and with 2 bi- or tri-lobed glands; capsules nearly 3-lobed,
tomentose, 8 mm. long. — F.M. Neg. 12955.
San Martin: Near Tarapoto, Spruce 4944- — Rio Acre: Seringal
San Francisco, Ule 9520; 9640. Brazil; Bolivia.
Trigonia sericea HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 141 (109). 1822.
Liana, the leaves mostly persistently sericeous tomentose beneath,
the divaricately branched panicles finely tomentulose or glabrate;
stipules ovate-lanceolate, 4-6 mm. long; petioles tardily glabrate,
dilated at base, 10-16 mm. long; leaves obovate, rounded at base,
acute or apiculate, entire, reticulate-veined, subcoriaceous, the 8 or
so lateral nerves glabrate beneath, about 1 cm. distant, anastomosing
faintly before the margin, glabrous green and lustrous above, 1-1.5
dm. long, 5-10 cm. wide; cymules soon distinctly peduncled, the
narrow or revolute bracts and pedicels subequal; buds 3-4 mm. long;
calyx segments oblong, little unequal, tomentose without; petals 5,
about 4 mm. long, whitish, glabrous, rounded, the upper ovate and
gibbous, the 2 lateral narrowly obovate, the 2 lower obliquely elliptic;
stamens 7, the membranous filaments connate below; fruits 3-4 cm.
long, 1.5 cm. thick. — Shrub, 12-15 meters high (Schunke). F.M.
Neg. 12951.
Loreto: Rio Itaya, Killip & Smith 29542; Williams 3357. Mishu-
yacu, King 1004. Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 50 (det. Standley).
Colombia.
Trigonia Spruceana Benth. ex Warm, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13,
pt. 2: 130. 1875.
Branchlets terete, the 4 lines decurrent from leaves being obsolete,
the tips as petioles (7-8 mm. long), axis of dense inflorescence (3-9
cm. long) sordidly fulvescent or canescent with a short indument,
the calyces closely appressed white-tomentose without, very sparsely
so within, acute, about 5 mm. long, 2.5-3 mm. wide; stipules cadu-
cous, the upper about 2 mm. long, densely pilose; leaves oblong-
elliptic, obtuse or somewhat rounded at base, shortly and acutely
acuminate, 7.5-8.5 cm. long, 3-4 cm. wide (only upper seen), nearly
coriaceous, concolor and glabrous except for a few appressed tri-
chomes on the opaque under surface where the 10-12 lateral nerves
are prominent but anastomosing arcuately before the margin;
cincinni mostly 1-flowered, some 2-4-flowered, all 1-2 mm. long,
peduncled, the pedicels as long; buds 5 mm. long; bracts about 2 mm.
long, linear; petals about 6 mm. long; fertile stamens 6-7; style
954 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
pilose. — Much Peruvian material has been referred here but ap-
parently not correctly; the species differs from T. macrantha in
shorter bracts, buds and pubescence. F.M. Neg. 12953.
Peru (possibly). Amazonian Brazil.
Trigonia virens Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 68. 1931.
A more or less subappressed hirsutulous liana, especially the
branchlets and leaf -nerves; adult leaves about 12 cm. long, 5-6 cm.
wide, glabrous except for the 5-8 larger nerves, scarcely nitidulous,
membranous, acute or obtuse at base, subabruptly and acutely
acuminate; inflorescence tomentose (except calyces within), 4-8 cm.
long, the 1- or 2-3-flowered cincinni in racemes; peduncles 2-3 mm.
long; pedicels scarcely longer; bracts narrowly ovate, the lowest
to 4 mm. long; buds about 5 mm. long; petals perhaps 6 mm. long,
the 2 carinate broadly oblong. — Maybe allied to T. hypoleuca Griseb.
but glabrate; otherwise to T. Sprticeana Benth. and T. macrantha
Warm.; its thin broad leaves with fewer nerves distinguish it from
the former; its early peduncled flower clusters, calyx glabrate within,
and dull more hirsutulous leaves from the latter.
Loreto: Wooded banks, Rio Itaya, above Iquitos, Killip &
Smith 29589, type. Brazil.
DICHAPETALACEAE Engler
References: Engler & Krause, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2. 19c. 1931;
Baillon in Mart. Fl. Bras. 12, pt. 1: 366-379. 1886.
Slender trunked trees or shrubs (usually), sometimes clambering,
with alternate short-petioled entire leaves, small (rarely fimbriate)
deciduous stipules and rather inconspicuous flowers, often congested
in axillary panicles, or borne together on the petioles, or on the leaf
blades, polygamous or dioecious, rarely hermaphrodite, often a little
irregular. Sepals and petals 5(4), the former usually equal, sometimes
basally united, the latter free or more or less coherent and ordinarily
rounded or in varying degrees parted apically. Disk often with
glands or appendages at base of petals with which the stamens are
sometimes more or less joined, these usually 5(3), the anthers with
broadened connective. Ovary 2-3-celled, styles 2-3 rarely united
nearly to tip, the stigmas mostly capitulate; ovules 2, pendent.
Fruits often obliquely ovoid and rather flattened, commonly pubes-
cent and 1 -seeded. — Thought to be closely allied to Euphorbiaceae
with which Baillon united it. Some species, notably in Dichapetalum,
contain a very poisonous alkaloid.
FLORA OF PERU 955
Inflorescence distinctly peduncled; corolla regular, the petals free
or nearly 1. Dichapetalum.
Inflorescence sessile or nearly, borne on the petioles.
Anthers included or the tips exserted; corolla lobes more or less
united, not geniculate.
Corolla regular with 5 obtuse equal lobes much shorter than the
tube; fertile stamens 5, subsessile; leaves glabrous.
2. Stephanopodium.
Corolla bilabiate with unequal more or less free petals; fertile
stamens often only 3; leaves often at least lightly pubescent.
3. Tapura.
Anthers clearly exserted; petals unequal, 3 free, geniculate.
4. Gonypetalum.
1. DICHAPETALUM Thouin
Genus characteristic for the family but restricted to species with
petals free or nearly, these never geniculate, entire, emarginate,
lobed or parted, the divisions often concave. Stamens usually all
fertile and entirely free, sometimes the filaments coherent basally.
Disk scales 5, entire, shallowly lobed, free or united. — Shrubs, lianas
or small trees, only about 10 known from tropical America, most
of the 200 described being from Africa and Madagascar, some of
which are highly poisonous to stock.
Stipules persisting, fimbriate D. stipulatum.
Stipules deciduous, small, entire.
Leaves glabrous beneath or nearly; petioles (in Peru) often very
short.
Leaves to 15 cm. wide, shortly apiculate-acuminate, puberulent
beneath D. Spruceanum.
Leaves 3-7 cm. wide, caudate-acuminate, glabrescent.
D. odoratum.
Leaves pubescent beneath; petioles 2.5-10 mm. long. .D. scandens.
Dichapetalum odoratum [Spruce] Baill. in Mart. Fl. Bras.
12, pt. 1:371. 1886.
Climbing shrub, nearly glabrous except the lutescent puberulent
new shoots; petioles obsolete or 2-7 mm. long; leaves oblong-obo-
vate, attenuate to the subequally rounded base, shortly acuminate
(in Peru, shortly caudate), to 10 cm. long, half as wide, finally gla-
956 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
brescent, the early minutely setulose nerves (about 6) rather
prominent beneath; racemes about half as long as the leaves on
puberulent peduncles 1-2 cm. long, basally free, apically sparsely
dichotomously branched; pedicels conspicuously articulate; male
calyx with subequal sepals, petals about as long, subequal; glands
short, fleshy, emarginate; rudimentary ovary densely lanate; style 1,
stigma capitate. — Near D. pedunculatum (DC.) Baill. and confused
with it but with subsessile leaves, more nearly glabrous and a liana;
petioles vary from 2-7 mm. long on the same plant; it is noteworthy
that the type came from Catinga in northern Brazil, and the Peruvian
specimens have not been compared with it; probably all of these
cited should be referred to D. Spruceanum as glabrous smaller-
leaved forms.
Loreto: Iquitos, King 182; 551; 122; 226; Tessmann 5377 (det.
Krause); Williams 3783; 3640; Killip & Smith 29834 (8-meter tree).
Mouth of the Santiago, Tessmann 4514- Northern Brazil.
Dichapetalum scandens (Poir.) Johnst. Journ. Arnold Arb.
16: 44. 1935. Cordia scandens Poir. in Diet. Sci. Nat. 10: 410. 1818.
D. vestitum [Spruce] Benth. var. scandens [Benth.] Baill. in Mart.
Fl. Bras. 12, pt. 1: 372. 1886, fide Johnston. D. vestitum [Spruce]
Baill. I.e. 371? D. amazonicum K. Krause, Notizbl. Bot. Gart.
Berlin 11: 135. 1931, var.
Shrubby or tree-like or the branches more or less scandent, the
branchlets as petioles (2.5-10 mm. long) and the leaves on mid-
nerve and the 10 prominent nerves beneath as well as the conspicuous
reticulation more or less densely but always obviously fulvous
puberulent or tomentulose; stipules ovate, acute, caducous, 2.5 mm.
long; leaves ovate-elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, unequally rounded at
base, obtuse, acute or shortly acuminate, 4-12(25) cm. long, 3-6(13)
cm. wide; peduncle of the corymbose cymes completely adnate to
petiole; flowers polygamo-dioecious, male very crowded; sepals
notably unequal, about 3-4 mm. long, as also the petals, these
lanceolate, bifid to middle; glands obcordate; fruit obovoid, densely
tomentose, 12 mm. long, 10 mm. thick, obtuse at the sessile base.—
After Baillon, D. vestitum, who lists variants not scandent, leaves
obtuse or acute, and var. cinerascens [Poeppig] Baill. I.e., but better
marked, as the indument is a shorter closer ashy puberulence, and
must become D. scandens var. cinerascens [Poepp.] (Baill.) Macbr.,
comb, nov.; D. amazonicum is this variant. Illustrated, Mart. Fl.
Bras. I.e. pi 76. F.M. Neg. 13147 (D. amazonicum).
FLORA OF PERU 957
San Martin: Pongo de Cainarachi, King 2626 (det. Standley).
— Loreto: Iquitos, Williams 3724; King 496; 858; 1431. Mouth of
the Santiago, Tessmann 3562 (type, D. amazonicum). Brazil;
Ecuador.
Dichapetalum Spruceanum Baill. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 12, pt. 1 :
371. 1886.
Branches tortuous, subangled, the younger velvety with a yellow-
ish indument; stipules noted only as scars; petioles 2-7 mm. long;
leaves broadly elliptic, oblique at base, abruptly apiculate-acuminate,
to 2.5 dm. long, 12(15) cm. wide, membranous, glabrous above,
puberulent beneath on the prominent nerves and veins; inflorescence
subcorymbose, well-peduncled from the petiole tips; flowers poly-
gamous, whitish puberulent, the male 2-3 mm. long, with unequal
sepals, equally bilobed petals, equal stamens; rudimentary ovary
lanate; fruit unequally obovoid, 2 cm. long, 1.25 cm. thick, not
attenuate at base, rugose. — Perhaps a variety of the Brazilian D.
pedunculatum (DC.) Baill. , 369, as suggested by the author, or more
probably should be drawn to include D. odoratum, at least as to
Peru, as a glabrescent smaller-leaved variant; more pubescent speci-
mens, as Williams 6605, suggest intermingling with D. scandens.
Type from a 10-meter shrub. F.M. Neg. 35901.
San Martin: Juanjui, King 4306 (det. Standley). Tarapoto,
Spruce 4927, type; Wittiams 6605. Pongo de Cainarachi, Klug 2751
(det. Standley, D. vestitum). Colombia.
Dichapetalum stipulatum Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 68.
1931.
Liana, the stems especially toward the tips densely brown-
villous, finally glabrate, the tardily deciduous ovate-lanceolate nearly
pinnatifid-fimbriate stipules about 5 mm. long; petioles 3 mm. long;
leaves broadly elliptic, rounded or subcordate at base, abruptly and
shortly acuminate, about 14 cm. long, 8 cm. wide, coriaceous-
chartaceous, glabrous above except the midnerve, brown-villous
beneath only on the very prominent nerves, these about 6, and above
with veins conspicuously rugose-impressed; inflorescence corymbose-
paniculate, densely rusty villous, to 1 dm. long, 1.5 dm. wide;
pedicels 5 mm. long; petals 2 mm. long, broadly spathulate, deeply
bifid; filaments narrowly margined, glabrous; style branches 2;
ovary densely pilose. — Flowers, noted by collector as brownish,
very much like those of D. pedunculatum (DC.) Baill., of the Guianas,
958 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
the subpersisting stipules subulate and entire. Fruit of Klug 76
is densely tomentose, 2.5 cm. long, 1.5 cm. wide, in other fruiting
specimens globose and smaller but probably immature.
Loreto: Mishuyacu near Iquitos, Klug 1081, type; also Klug 76.
Yurimaguas to Balsapuerto, Killip & Smith 28128.
2. STEPHANOPODIUM Poepp. & Endl.
Slender trees or shrubs with lanceolate leaves and small fragrant
flowers clustered at the top of the petioles. Sepals unequal but
petals united into a long, rarely cylindrical tube with much shorter
equal lobes. Stamens united to corolla, the 5 anthers free. Disk
lobes 5, sometimes unequal, sometimes joined. Styles nearly divided,
slender. Fruit coriaceous, 2-celled, at least in Peruvian known
species.
Stephanopodium peruvianum Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. &
Sp. 3: 40. pi 246. 1845; 377.
Glabrous except the obscurely pulverulent small (1 cm. across)
cymes, about medially adnate to the petioles, these 2-4 mm. long;
leaves nearly elliptic-lanceolate, unequally attenuate to base, acumi-
nate, about a dm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, obscurely veined, especially
above; pedicels 2-4 mm. long, apically attenuate to the flowers,
these with linear-oblong sepals, the corolla about as long (4 mm.),
with 5 short obtuse imbricate lobes; glands equal, obovate, concave
above within; style short. — The fruit of the Weberbauer specimen
is young but subglobose, densely orange tomentose. S. aptotum
Wheeler, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 53: 7. 1940, is unique, the author
remarks, in having a 3-celled ovary, 3-styled fruit, but it is only
known from Colombia. F.M. Neg. 35902.
Hudnuco: Tocache, Poeppig 1986, type. Locality unknown to
me, Weberbauer 3693 (det. Dahlem).
3. TAPURAAublet
Much like Stephanopodium but the leaves usually coriaceous and,
especially, one or two of the more or less united four or five petals
larger and deeply divided with concave lobes, the others smaller
and sometimes entire. Stamens usually only three fertile. Disk
united, forming about half a ring up to the base of the larger petal.
Styles nearly united, two or three. — Like Dichapetalum in distribu-
tion but only two of the twelve known species in tropical Africa.
FLORA OF PERU 959
The differences noted for identification seem to have been much more
emphasized by authors than the similarities, of course a not uncom-
mon practice. For convenience the flowers are described as at
petiole tip or on leaf-blade, which is probably a correct description
and in any case will be clear.
Sepals 5 mm. long or longer; 3 fertile stamens with 2 staminodia.
Leaves elliptic, about half as wide as long, coriaceous; flowers at
petiole tip.
Disk somewhat bidentate; leaves more or less pubescent; corolla
1 cm. long T. amazonica.
Disk entire or emarginate; leaves glabrous; corolla 1-2.5 cm.
long T. guianensis.
Leaves oblongish, one-third as wide as long, membranous; flowers
at or above base of leaf -blade.
Flowers on petiole tip, white or cream-colored T. leucantha.
Flowers above petiole tip, yellowish to orange. . .T. peruviana.
Sepals shorter than 5 mm.
Leaves coriaceous; flowers at tip of petioles.
Fertile stamens 5, unequal; flowers to 3 mm. long; leaf -nerves
sparsely pubescent T. capitulifera.
Fertile stamens 3, equal; flowers 4-5 mm. long; leaves glabrous.
T. coriacea.
Leaves membranous; flowers on leaf -blade; fertile stamens 3.
T. Juliani.
Tapura amazonica Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 41.
pi 246. 1845; 374.
Tree or shrub early densely rusty or lutescent tomentulose, the
older branchlets and leaves beneath becoming glabrate; petioles
stout, to 1 cm. long; leaves elliptic or obovate-oblong, subequally
acute at base, more or less acuminate or obtusish, 5-25 cm. long,
3-8 cm. wide, fleshy coriaceous, the margins often recurving and
more or less ciliate where the very prominent nerves anastomose;
subcapitate inflorescences 2-3 cm. wide; pedicels 1-2 mm. long;
flowers of the genus, the buds to 5 mm. long, corolla to twice as
long, the throat within very lanate; disk compressed, more or less
obtusely bidentate; style dilated, densely pilose; fruits 3 cm. long,
2 cm. thick, obtuse, velvety, the compressed seeds glabrous. — Ap-
parently variable, as Baillon gave names to several somewhat
960 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
aberrant specimens; said to be like T. guianensis Aublet (which
see for variety, which may belong here) but that glabrous or nearly
and the fruits subglobose. Illustrated, as above, and in Mart. Fl.
Bras. I.e. pi 77.
Loreto: Mishuyacu near Iquitos, 10 meters high, Killip & Smith
29929; 29868; King 1003; 1529; 3651; Ule 6258 (det. Ule). Ama-
zonian Brazil.
Tapura capitulif era [Spruce] Baill. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 12, pt. 1 :
376. 1886.
Much-branched climbing shrub, the older bark striate, the
younger puberulent; petioles 4-8 mm. long; leaves elliptic-lanceolate,
subequally narrowed to the acute base, shortly and subobtusely
acuminate, to 8 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide, subcoriaceous, glabrous and
reticulate veiny above, paler and sparsely pubescent on the nerves
beneath, very finely pellucid-puncticulate; flowers fragrant, to 3 mm.
long, capitate-glomerulate at petiole tips; bracts and two obtuse
bractlets as calyces densely whitish puberulent, the imbricate sepals
very unequal; corolla slightly bilabiate, the two larger lobes bicucul-
late, two smaller entire; stamens unequal, the largest between the
larger corolla lobes; ovary 3-celled, style slender. — F.M. Neg. 21497.
Peru (probably). Amazonian Brazil.
Tapura coriacea Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 68. 1931.
Glabrous tree 10-18 meters high, with grayish lightly angulate
somewhat contorted branchlets; petioles 5-8 mm. long; leaves ob-
long-elliptic, cuneate-subrotund at acute base, subabruptly caudate-
acuminate (acumen obtuse, to 1 cm. long), coriaceous, venation
even beneath where dull inconspicuous, lustrous above, mostly 8-10
cm. long, 3.5-4 cm. wide; flowers about 10, inserted medially on
the petiole, yellowish, 4-5 mm. long; pedicels 2 mm. long, gray
puberulent as the 4 mm. long calyx, its obtuse sepals unequal;
corolla lobes apparently only three, the two larger obovate, shortly
bifid, strongly bicucullate, villous lanate within as the tube, the
smaller subrotund; fertile stamens 3, equal. — The Williams' speci-
men from a tree with round trunk, the yellow or gray bark smooth
or with few lenticels, the gray puberulent spheroid fruits 17 mm.
long, 14 mm. thick. Perhaps nearest T. guianensis Aublet, 373,
but the smaller flowers with equal stamens of which certainly only
three are fertile, but otherwise the structure of the corolla and the
foliage seems to resemble greatly, ex char., T. capitulifera Baillon,
376, with five fertile stamens.
FLORA OF PERU 961
San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 6554? (fruit). — Loreto: Mishu-
yacu, near Iquitos, King 602, type; also 302; 586.
Tapura guianensis Aublet, PL Guian. 1: 126. pi. 48. 1775.
T. latifolia Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. Misc. 5: 291. 1853, fide
Krause.
Tree, typically glabrous, with elliptic-lanceolate more or less
acuminate leaves, obliquely acute at base, often 8-15 cm. long, 3-6
cm. wide, paler beneath, the slender veins reticulate arcuate at
margin; petioles 5-10 mm. long; flowers glomerulate at or below
the tip of the petioles; pedicels scarcely 1 mm. long; corolla lanate
within, the clawed subequal lobes twice as long as the very unequal
calyx segments; fertile stamens unequal; anther connective sub-
glandular; staminodia two, entire or bifid; disk subentire or emargi-
nate; ovary 3-celled, the three styles pilose; fruit subglobose or
obliquely ovoid, lutescent ferrugineous, 1.5 cm. long, 1 cm. thick.—
Bentham separated his species on the basis of outer broader lanceo-
late corolla lobes, the flowers in size and shape resembling those of
T. ciliata Gardner, Hook. Icon. 5: pi. 466 (T. amazonica var. ciliata
[Gardner] Baill., 375), the younger, densely ciliate leaves with upper
midnerve tomentose, and somewhat pubescent beneath. Apparently
the Bentham plant was overlooked by Baillon in his account of the
Brazilian species in Martius' Flora.
Ayacucho: Near Kimpitiriki, Killip & Smith 22900 (det. Standley,
Stephanopodium peruvianum); also 22857. — Loreto: Iquitos, Killip
& Smith 27089 (det. Killip, T. latifolia). Florida, King 1985?
(young). Soledad, Killip & Smith 29722 (det. A. C. Smith, Stephano-
podium peruvianum}. San Antonio, Killip & Smith 29447; 29512.
Amazonian Brazil.
Tapura Julian! Macbr., sp. nov.
Ramulis tortuosis glabris; petiolis 1.5-3 mm. longis, crassis,
supra anguste marginatis; foliis membranaceis glabris vel subtus
pallidioribus et junioribus sparsissime et obscure puberulentis, supra
paullo nitidulis, oblongo-ellipticis, basi breviter acutis, apice acute
vel subobtuse caudato-acuminatis, 9-12 cm. longis, 3-4 cm. latis;
nervis praecipue subtus prominentibus, venis tenuiter reticulatis;
cymis sessilibus 1-2 cm. remotis basin foliorum circa 7 mm. latis,
minute cano-pulverulentis; pedicellis vix 0.5 mm. longis; sepalis
obtusis 1 mm. longis; floribus vix 3 mm. longis, lobis majoribus ut
videtur 2 ad apicem valde bicucullatis; antheris subsessilibus 3.—
962 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Apparently a very distinct Tapura, the cream-colored flowers borne
well above the base of the phylloidiform leaves; the type was a 2-
meter tree.
In naming this for my well-known friend Julian Steyermark
meritorious recognition is given of his generous co-operation in the
preparation of this work, especially by his careful selection of her-
barium materials for my study.
Loreto: Florida near Rio Zubineta, King 2010, type. "Hibina."
Tapura leucantha K. Krause, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 11:
136. 1931.
Glabrous except for the sparsely pilose branchlet tips, midrierve
of the thin herbaceous leaves beneath and the densely tomentose
sepals, these in life white or yellowish, unequal, oblong, obtuse, to
5 mm. long; petioles 3-5 mm. long; leaves narrowly oblong, sub-
abruptly cuspidate, with acumen 1.5-2 cm. long, base a little oblique,
10-13 cm. long, 3-4.5 cm. wide, with 7-9 slender lateral nerves;
flowers white, fragrant, few in axillary capitate cymes on the petioles,
the two subconcave larger petals to 8 mm. long; fertile stamens
two or three; style 1 cm. long, pilose to tip. — Like T. peruviana but
smaller in all parts except the yellow calyx and snow-white flowers
(Krause); and distinctions of doubtful value; the type from a 5-
meter tree densely branched at 2 meters, the trunk 1 dm. in diameter.
Flowers cream-colored, the fruit said to be yellow and edible (Mexia).
F.M. Neg. 13145.
Loreto: Near mouth of the Santiago, Tessmann 4545, type.
Above Pongo de Manseriche, Mexia 6349 (det. Standley, Stephan-
opodium peruvianum).
Tapura peruviana K. Krause, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 11:
135. 1931.
Branchlets as the 2-4 mm. long petioles sparsely pilose; leaves
thin, glabrous except for a few trichomes beneath, nearly oblong or
oblanceolate-oblong, longish cuspidate-acuminate, 10-13 cm. long,
3-4 cm. wide, the 5-6 lateral nerves little impressed above but
prominent beneath; flowers in axillary petiolar cymes (on the blade
above the petiole tip), yellow or orange in life; sepals ovate-oblong
or oblong, obtuse, tomentose, to 5 mm. long; larger concave petals
shortly bifid, 1.2 cm. long, smaller oblong; style glabrate above. —
Type from a tree 10 meters high. The extraordinarily large flowers
as well as the shape of the leaves make the species distinctive
(Krause). F.M. Neg. 13146.
FLORA OF PERU 963
Loreto: Mouth of the Santiago, Tessmann 4054, type. Foothills,
Sierra del Pongo, Mexia 6188 (det. Standley, Stephanopodium
peruvianum).
4. GONYPETALUM Ule
Characters of the family in general. Flowers irregular, including
the basally united sepals, the two larger long-clawed petals attached
at base with fertile stamens, then twice geniculate and terminating
in a bilobed tip, the three smaller completely free, unparted but
also geniculate. Filaments of the three fertile stamens pubescent
at base; anthers cordate. Disk with two glands at base of sterile
filaments. Style filiform, shortly 3-parted.
Leaves minutely and sparsely pubescent beneath; flower clusters
sessile.
Leaves acutely acuminate, mostly about 8 cm. long, membranous.
G. acreanum.
Leaves obtuse or very shortly and obtusely acuminate, mostly
about 5 cm. long, coriaceous G. Tessmannii.
Leaves deciduously but densely pubescent beneath; flower clusters
somewhat peduncled G. juruanum.
Gonypetalum acreanum Ule, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6:
312. 1915.
Branches slender, terete; petioles 6-12 mm. long; leaves obovate-
oblong, slenderly long-acuminate, 7-10 cm. long, 2.5-3.5 cm. wide,
membranous, revolute-margined, glabrous above, sparsely pubescent
beneath, mostly on the slender nerves; flowers 20-30, subsessile in
crowded cymes, densely lanuginose; petals ochroleucous (or white),
the two larger nearly 5 mm. long, biparted into two obovate concave
lobes, the three smaller entire; stamens 5.5 mm. long, the three fertile
high connate with the larger petals, the two sterile little adnate with
the small petals; filaments as style and bases of petals very arachnoid-
lanate; disk lobes two, fleshy. — Author found variation in nature of
flowers suggesting Tapura. Type from trees 15-30 meters high in
terra firma. G. juruanum Ule is similar, but the larger (14-16 cm.)
leaves tapering more gradually to tip and densely pubescent beneath.
G. lanceolatum Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 6: 43. 1933, of
the lower Amazon, is marked by glabrous lanceolate leaves 5-9 cm.
long, 2-3.5 cm. wide, stamens subequal, the long filaments strongly
white arachnoid. F.M. Neg. 45852.
964 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Lore to: Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 142 (det. Standley, G. Tess-
mannii Killip, Tapura guianensis). — Rio Acre : Seringal San Francisco,
Ule 9524, type.
Gonypetalum juruanum Ule, Verb. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 48:
174. 1907.
Younger parts including petioles and calyces thickly covered
with a yellowish tomentose puberulence; petioles 4-6 mm. long;
leaves oblong, attenuate at base, caudate acuminate, 14-16 cm. long,
3.5-4.5 cm. wide, membranous, glabrous above, densely pubescent
beneath; inflorescences at tip of petioles; peduncles to 3 mm. long;
larger petals 6, smaller 5 mm. long; three fertile stamens 5 mm. long,
the filaments lanuginose. — Type a 10-meter tree from inundated
woods at Jurua, Brazil. F.M. Neg. 45851.
Rio Acre: Mouth of the Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5381 (det.
A. C. Smith, Tapura capitulifera). Brazil.
Gonypetalum Tessmannii K. Krause, Notizbl. Bot. Gart.
Berlin 11: 137. 1931.
Stout branchlets tomentulose; petioles 6-9 mm. long; leaves
oblong or obovate-oblong, 5-6.5 cm. long, 22-26 mm. wide, rather
broadly and obtusely acuminate, rigid-coriaceous, glabrous and
lustrous above, appressed pilose on midnerve beneath, otherwise
glabrous; lateral nerves 7-9, impressed above, prominent beneath;
flowers in capitate axillary cymes at tip of petiole; sepals unequal,
ovate-oblong, 2.5 mm. long, puberulent-tomentulose as the shorter
pedicels; petals yellow, unequal, larger 2.4-5 mm. long, long-clawed,
twice geniculate, biparted, the three smaller undivided; fertile
stamens three, 6 mm. long, anthers lanuginose; ovary tomentose. —
Differs from both described species by the broadened leaf-tip
(Krause), but is doubtfully more than a variant of G. acreanum.
The type from a 25-meter tree with trunk diameter of 1.3 meters,
densely branching at 15 meters. F.M. Neg. 13152.
Loreto: Near mouth of Rio Pastazza at San Isidro in flood-free
woods, Tessmann 4987, type.
INDEX
Synonyms in italics
Abarema Jupunba, 56
Abella blanca, 322
Abrus, 351
precatorius, 351
tenuiflorus, 351
Acacia, 74
acantholoba, 86
adiantoides, 101
alemquerensis, 82
altiscandens, 76
amazonica, 79, 82
articulata, 82
boliviana, 76
caduca, 87
callosa, 102
farnesiana, 77
filicoides, 77
flava, 103
glomerosa, 77
grata, 103
guachapele, 54
huarango, 78
Huberi, 78
Jupunba, 56
Klugii, 78
Kuhlmannii, 78
lacerans, 78
Lehmannii, 79
lophantha, 47
loretensis, 79
Macbridei, 79
macracantha, 80
multiflora, 59
multipinnata, 80
paniculaeflora, 91
paniculata, 81
paraensis, 81
pellacantha, 80
polyphylla, 82
pulcherrima, 105
revoluta, 94
riparia, 82
tortupsa, 74
tubulifera, 82
viridiflora, 104
Weberbaueri, 83
Acapu-rana, 678
Acetosella amazonica, 555
arenaria, 555
bipartita, 557
excisa, 580
lotoides, 570
medicaginea, 574
megalorhiza, 574
melilotoides, 575
micrantha, 576
mollis, 578
Ortgiesii, 580
parvifolia, 582
peduncularis, 583
Poeppigii, 587
polyantha, 587
Regnellii, 590
tuberosa, 598
Achpu-poroto, 176
Achras caimito, 948
Achuhua, 689
Acmanthera, 852
latifolia, 852
longifolia, 852
Acosto, 948
aculeata, 948
Acwan, 97
depressum, 97
virgatum, 98
Adesmia, 403
argentea, 404, 405
Augusti, 404
cinerea, 405
dentata, 405
hispidula, 406
hispidula var. plumosa, 406
hispidula var. subnuda, 406
hystrix, 406
melanthes, 406
miraflorensis, 405
muricata, 405
muricata var. hispidula, 406
muricata var. pimpinellifolia, 406
sentis, 406
spinosissima, 406
verrucosa, 407
vicina, 407
Adipera bicapsularis, 157
laevigata, 170
tomentosa, 183
Adiscanthus, 676
fusciflorus, 676
Aeschynomene, 440
americana, 442
biflora, 441
brasiliana, 441
dentata, 405
falcata, 442
hispida, 442
hispidula, 406
hystrix, 442
indica, 442
mollicula, 443
mollicula var. egena, 443
platycarpa, 443
puberula, 443
965
966 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Aeschynomene rudis, 442
scoparia, 443
sensitiva, 444
tumbezensis, 443
virginica, 442
Weberbaueri, 444
Agapurana, 678
A gati grandiflora, 384
Aguacenqua, 316
Aguano, 728
Aguja-aguma, 522
Agujo, 539
Ahuacinca, 316
Ai quio, 817
Ailanthus altissima, 689
glandulosa, 689
Ajipa, 294
Alberjilla, 353, 356
Albizzia, 47
distachya, 47
Lebbek, 62
lophantha, 47
polycephala, 61
Alcaparillo, 158
Alcaparra, 184
Alcoceratothrix, 863, 869, 870
stipulacea, 869
Alexa bauhiniaeflora, 245
grandiflora, 245
Alfalfa, 453
del Peru, 453
Alfilaria, 539
Alfilerillo, 539
Algarroba, 109, 110, 196
Algarrobo, 59, 103
Algorobo, 94
Almendro, 255
Almesca, 706, 714
Alpaquilla, 158
Alverjilla, 357
Amargo-caspi, 165
Amasisa, 310, 311, 312
Ambrosocc6, 604
Ambrosocd, 606
Amburana, 243
acreana, 243
cearensis, 243
cearensis var. acreana, 243
Ami, 699
Amicia, 439
fimbriata, 439
glandulosa, 439
glandulosa var. villosa, 440
Lobbiana, 440
medicaginea, 439
micrantha, 439
Amphiodon effusus, 270
Ampi jacu, 121
Amyris, 661
balsamifera, 661
pinnata, 661
Ana, 142
Ancacjsillon, 316
Andira, 254
inermis, 255
retusa, 256
surinamensis, 255
Angel sisa, 195
Angelim, 255
da yarzea, 255
Angeline, 256
Angico, 102
Angohuara, 675
Anicullo, 191
Anil, 380
Anil-afiil, 380
Anneslea, 66
Antaccara, 526
Anteporoto, 309
Anu, 598, 620
Anu-anu, 618
Apacha rama, 631
Apalatoa glaberrima, 122
tomentosa, 123
Apina-mama, 620
Apoleya, 141
leiocarpa, 142
Apple, Median, 660
Persian, 660
Apuleia, 141, 185
leiocarpa, 142
molaris, 142, 252
praecox, 142
Apuleja, 141
Apurimacia, 384
incarum, 385
libertatis, 385
lonchocarpoides, 385
Michelii, 385
Arachis, 408
hypogaea, 409
prostrata, 409
Arapary, 137
da varzea, 137
Aripari, 137
Aroma, 77
Arouna guianensis, 143
Arthrosamanea corymbosa, 53
multiflora, 59
Asnacjcora, 168
Astragalus, 391
alienus, 396
alpamarcae, 393
arequipensis, 393
Brackenridgei, 394
capitellus, 398
casapaltensis, 394
cracca, 395
cryptanthus, 395
Cuatrecasasii, 395
Dielsii, 396
Dillinghami, 396
Dombeyi, 396
Garbancillo, 397
INDEX
967
Astragalus Garbancillo var. Mandoni,
397
Garbancillo var. varus, 397
geminiflprus, 399, 400
Ilerzogii, 402
imputatus, 396
macrorhynchus, 401
Mandoni, 397
micranthellus, 398
minimus, 398
minutissimus, 399
modestus, 395, 400
ocrosianus, 395
Orbignyanus, 394
patancanus, 398
peruvianus, 399
Pickeringii, 399
Pickeringii var. serpens, 399
Pilgeri, 400
punensis, 400
pusillus, 401
Richii, 401
romasanus, 402
salubris, 394
triflorus, 402
uniflorus, 402
Urbanianus, 396
victiformis, 402
Weberbaueri, 403
Atapio, 774
Atoc-cedro, 722
Aturia, 284
Auja-auja, 539
Aulacostigma inerme, 541
Avas, 356
Averrhoa bilimbi, 545
carambola, 545
Avitas prpto, 303
Aya-caulli, 405
Ayahuasca, 825
Aya-huasca, 834
Ayak-poroto, 176
Aya-parotillo, 176
Aya poroto, 184
Aya-poroto, 176
Ayawasca, 838
Aymoutabou, 948
Azucar-huayo, 126
Baina, 211
Balbisia, 542
Meyeniana, 542
peduncularis, 543
verticillata, 543
Weberbaueri, 544
Balsam of Peru, 241
Balsamodendron, 703
Banisteria, 820
acanthocarpa, 832
antifebrilis, 790
argentea, 832
argentea var. transiens, 833
atrosanguinea, 832, 833
atrosanguinea var. Benthamiana, 832
Beecheyana, 815
Benthamiana, 832
caapi, 781, 821, 824
caduciflora, 825
cinerascens, 826
cinerascens var. glabrescens, 826
constricta, 837
convolvuli folia, 842
cordata, 808
cornifolia, 826
cornifolia var. Seibertii, 826
cristata, 826
dichotoma, 842
elegans, 830
elliptica, 843
erianthera, 825
fagifolia, 796
flabelliformis, 789
fulgens, 844
glandulosa, 815
heterostyla, 827
inebrians, 821, 828
laevifolia, 829
laevifolia var. grata, 829
leiocarpa, 829
leiocarpa var. parvifolia, 830
leiocarpa var. populifolia, 830
leptocarpa, 830
longialata, 831
lucida, 832
lutea, 826
megacarpos, 846
metallicolor, 832
metallicolor var. aurea, 833
metallicolor var. subrotunda, 833
muricata, 832
muricata var. atrosanguinea, 833
nervosa, 818
nervosa var. Candolleana, 818
nervosa var. Lessertiana, 818
nigrescens, 834
nitrosiodora, 827
nutans, 834
orinocensis, 818
oxyclada, 835
padifplia, 836
papilioniea, 802
peruviana, 790, 836
platyptera, 837
platyptera f. grandifolia, 837
praecox, 827
pubera, 847
pubipetala, 837
pubipetala var. constricta, 837
quitensis, 821, 824, 838
rubiginosa, 815
Rusbyana, 831
suberosa var. Candolleana, 818
tomentosa, 815
Banisterine, 821, 824
968 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Banisteriopsis, 821
argentea, 832
caapi, 824
lutida, 832
metallicplor, 832
quitensis, 838
Barbasco, 261, 263, 384
negro, 689
Barbieria, 380
maynensis, 381
pinnata, 381
polyphylla, 381
Barnhartia, 949
Batesia, 206
floribunda, 206
Bauhinia, 207
accrescens, 209
acreana, 209
aculeata, 210
alata, 219
August!, 210
baina, 211
bicuspidata, 214
corniculata, 214
cumanensis, 217
cupreonitens, 211
emarginata, 214
forficata, 211
grandiflora, 210, 214
grandifolia, 216
Guentheri, 212
heterophylla, 217
Killipiana, 215
Klugii, 212
Kunthiana, 213
Langsdorffiana, 214
longifolia, 213
longipetala, 216
martinensis, 214
membranacea, 214
microstachya, 214
porphyrotricha, 215
porphyrotricha var. Killipiana, 215
porphyrotricha var. Smithiana, 215
pterocalyx, 219
rubiginosa, 211
Ruiziana, 219
rutilans, 216
Straussiana, 216
suaveolens, 216
suaveolens var. loretana, 217
tarapotensis, 217
Tessmannii, 218
Uleana, 218
urocalyx, 218
Viorna, 219
Weberbaueri, 219
Bean, bush, 306
kidney, 295, 306
nicher, 190
Bean family, 3
Bejuco, 157
bravo, 838
Benthamantha, 386
ochroleuca, 389
Berkheya, 141
Biancaea, 188
sepiaria, 195
Biophytum, 601
amazonicum, 602
dendroides, 602
Foxii, 603
globuliflorum, 603
Heinrichsae, 604
juninense, 604
peruvianum, 604
somnians, 605
Tessmannii, 605
Bird of paradise, 192
Bitterwoods, 692
Bobinsana, 68
Bobizana amarilla, 223
Bois immortelle, 307
Boswellia Carter!, 703
Brasil, 191
Bredemeyera, 907
altissima, 908
altissima var. amazonica, 908
breviflora, 909
densiflora, 908
floribunda, 908
lucida, 908
myrtifolia, 909
parviflora, 909
Breo branco, 704
Breu, 707
Broad-bean, 356
Brownea, 131
ariza, 132
cauliflora, 133
excelsa, 135
grandiceps, 132, 134
Herthae, 134
loretensis, 133
Macbrideana, 134
multijuga, 134
negrensis, 132
peruviana, 134
stenantha, 134
ucayalina, 135
Browneopsis, 131
cauliflora, 133
excelsa, 135
ucayalina, 135
Brunellia, 689
Bubinianal, 68
Bueno grillo, 599
Bulnesia, 651
Retama, 652
Retama var. Weberbaueri, 652
Bunchosia, 855
angustifolia, 856
armeniaca, 857
INDEX
969
Bunchosia armeniaca f. systyla, 857
cornifolia, 860
elliptica, 858
fluminensis, 860
glandulifera, 860
glandulosa, 858
glandulpsa f. latifolia, 858
Hookeriana, 858
lanceolata, 859
lanceolata f. leiocarpa, 860
Lindeniana, 860
Lindeniana var. boliviensis, 860
maritima, 860
media, 861
media f. bicarpellaris, 861
Burdachia, 871
prismatocarpa, 871
prismatocarpa var. sphaerocarpa, 871
Bursera, 711
graveolens, 712
graveolens var. malacophylla, 712
Klugii, 712
malacophylla, 712
Burseraceae, 703
Byrsonima, 862
amazonica, 867
amazonica var. lucidula, 867
arthropoda, 864
brachystachia, 869
brachystachya, 869
brachystachys, 869
chrysophylla, 864
coccolobifolia, 865
coriacea, 865
crassifolia, 866
crassifolia var. peruviana, 867
densa, 867
fluminensis, 868
japurensis, 868
laevigata, 868
laxiflora, 868
nitida, 857, 862
peruviana, 864
peruviana var. eglandulosum, 864
phlomoides, 808
Poeppigiana, 869
Poeppigiana var. velutina, 869
rotunda, 865
sericea, 869
stipulacea, 870
stipulina, 870
Cabi, 781
Cabralea, 776
Poeppigii, 776
Weber baueri, 757
Cacao silvestre, 134
Cachaceirp, 655
Caesalpinia, 188
Andreana, 191
bicolor, 191
Bonduc, 190
cassioides, 191
cassioides var. Pardoana, 191
chicamana, 191
Crista, 190
egena, 192
falcaria, 192, 194, 197
Gillesii, 192
glabrata, 193
gracilis, 194
insignis, 191
miranda, 193
Paipai, 193
Paipai var. pubens, 193
Pardoana, 191
pectinata, 195
praecox, 187
prostrata, 194
pulcherrima, 194
sepiaria, 195
spinosa, 195
stipulata, 196
Tara, 195
ternata, 196
tinctoria, 195
viscosa, 197
Caesalpinieae, 113
Cafe-rana, 691
Caimito de Monte, 948
Cajanus, 338
bicolor, 339
Cajan, 339
indicus, 339
Calato, 652
Calliandra, 66
aculeata, 70
amazonica, 67
angustifolia, 68
boliviana, 69
bombycina, 68
caracasana, 69
carbonaria, 69
chotanana, 70
Cumingii, 70
decrescens, 71
expansa, 71
filipes, 71
formosa, 72
glyphoxylon, 69
haematocephala, 70
magdalenae, 71
mollissima, 72
portoricensis, 72
prostrata, 73
purpurea, 70, 71
rotundifolia, 73
Sodiroi, 68
subnervosa, 68
taxifolia, 71
tenuiflora, 70, 71
trinervia, 68, 69
tumbeziana, 73
Weberbaueri, 72
970 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Calopogonium, 335
coeruleum, 336
coeruleum var. glabrescens, 336
mucunoides, 336
velutinum, 336
Campsiandra, 203
angustifolia, 203
comosa, 204
laurifolia, 204
rosea, 204
Canafistola cimarrona, 184
Canarium, 716
Canavali, 317
Canavalia, 317
amazonica, 319
arenicola, 322
boliviana, 318
brasiliensis, 319
dictyota, 319
eurycarpa, 319
lasiocalyx, 320
maritima, 320
parviflora, 321
peruviana, 321
Piperi, 322
Caoba, 728
Capi, 825
Capo, 542, 543, 544
Colorado, 544
Caracha-caspi, 128
Caramboleiro, 545
Carana, 703, 712
gum, 704
resin, 704
Carana, 717
Carapa, 728
cauliflora, 758
guianensis, 729
sericea, 774
Cassia, 143
Absus, 154
adiantifolia, 155
affinis, 165, 173
alata, 155
alcaparillo, 157
andina, 161
apouconita, 155
arequipensis, 156
atomaria, 156
Augusti, 157
aurantia, 156
bacillaris, 164
bicapsularis, 157
bicapsularis var. Augusti, 157
biflora, 158, W
birostris, 158
brachypoda, 159
calvens, 159
Chamaecrista, 159
chrysocarpa, 165, 173
conjugata, 160
Cookii, 160
cuneata, 161
cushina, 161
cuspidata, 162
Dombeyana, 156
emarginata, 156
excelsa, 181
fastuosa, 162
felipensis, 163
fistula, 163
flavicoma, 164
flexuosa, 177, 178
florifera, 144
foliosa, 183
fraxinifolia, 162
fruticosa, 164
fruticosa var. Benthamiana, 165
glandulosa, 165
grandis, 166
Hartwegi, 165
Haughtii, 166
helveola, 167
helveola var. huancavensis, 167
hirsuta, 167
Hoffmanseggii, 168
Hookeriana, 168
horse, 166
huancabambae, 169
hymenaeifolia, 155
incarnata, 169
indecora, 157
javanica, 163
laevigata, 170
laevigata var. scandens, 170
latifolia, 170
latifolia f. falcistipula, 171
latifolia var. falcistipula, 171
latopetiolata, 171
leiandra, 171
leiandra var. peruviana, 171
leiophylla, 172
leiophylla var. pubescens, 172
leptocarpa, 172
leptocarpa var. hirsuta, 172
Leschenaultiana, 178
limensis, 157
loretensis, 172
lucens, 173
lucens var. tenuifolia, 173
macrophylla, 174
marginata, 179
mimosoides, 160, 178
moschata, 171
mucronulosa, 144
multijuga, 174
multijuga var. Lindleyana, 175
nemorosa, 158
obliqua, 175
occidentalis, 175
oxyphylla, 165
pallidifolia, 176
patellaria, 176
Pavoniana, 177
INDEX
971
Cassia Pearcii, 177
Pennelliana, 178
peruviana, 175
picta, 178
pilifera, 178
pistaciaefolia, 161, 162
pistaciaefolia var. glabra, 162
puberula, 165
quinquangulata, 179
racemosa, 173
racemose var. tenuifolia, 173
repens, 179
reticulata, 179
Rhonhofiana, 183
riparia, 160
Rosei, 161
rubriflora, 171
Ruiziana, 180
scandens, 175
scarlatina, 181
secedens, 182
siamea, 167, 173
speciosa, 165
spectabilis, 181
spinescens, 182
Spruceana, 182
stenocarpa, 160
stipulate, 164
swartzioides, 183
tenella, 183
tomentosa, 183
Tora, 184
versicolor, 168
vestita, 159
viminea, 173, 179
Weberbaueri, 156
Cathartocarpus laetus, 156
Catjang, 293
Catocoma altissima, 908
Ccera, 366
Cedre rouge, 714, 725
Cedrela, 719
angustifolia, 720
bogotensis, 723
fissilis, 721
fissilis var. glabrior, 721
Herrerae, 721
Huberi, 722
longipetiolulata, 723
macrocarpa, 723
mexicana, 724
montana, 723
odorata, 724
Weberbaueri, 725
Cedrelinga, 65, 719
catenaeformis, 65
Cedro, 722
bianco, 723
branco, 723, 724, 774
Colorado, 719, 724, 725
false, 719
rana, 719, 886
red 722
vermelho, 723, 724, 725
Cedro-pashaco, 206
Cedro-virgen, 722
Cedron, 361, 693
Cedrorana, 66
Cencapuspu, 292
Centrosema, 339
brasilianum, 340
capitatum, 341
dasyanthum, 341
hastatum, 343
latidens, 341
latissimum, 343
macrocarpum, 341
pascuorum, 344
platycarpum, 343, 344
Plumieri, 342
prehensile, 342
pubescens, 340, 341
roseum, 343
sagittatum, 343
triquetrum, 343
vexillatum, 342
virginianum, 344
virginianum var. angustifolium, 344
Ceratonia chilensis, 109
Cercidium, 187
australe, 188
praecox, 187
Cereza, 854
de la sabana, 854
Chacanhuai, 386
Chacanoa, 386
Chacanui, 386
Chachahuay, 386
Chachapea, 598
Chaetocalyx, 446
brasiliensis, 446
hebecarpum, 447
latisiliqua, 446
Weberbaueri, 447
Chagro panga, 828, 831
Chalcas paniculata, 660
Chamaecrista Browniana, 178
Chamaecrista, 159
flaricoma, 164
glandulosa, 165
patellaria, 176
Chamaefistula bacillaris, 164
birostris, 158
elegans, 175
fruticosa, 164
gigantifolia, 174
Klugii, 179
laevigato, 170
macrophylla, 174
obliqua, 175
quinquangulata, 179
Ruiziana, 180
Chamaesenna reticulata, 180
Chamanilla, 654
972 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Chamba, 100
Chambo caspi, 883
Chancha, 306
Chanchi, 866
Chano, 507
Chara, 194
Charan, 194
Charapilla, 252, 253
Chavapallana, 137
Chchahulco, 578
Chchecche-anu, 619
Chchogara, 335
Chchucan, 450
Chchulcu, 584
Chepu-chepu, 533
Cherry, Barbados, 853, 854
Chibo-caspi, 737
Chichimbina, 58
Chi-chi-saka, 298
Chick-pea, 352
Chiclayo, 293
Chicmu, 450, 452
Chijape, 742
Chijmu, 450
Chile-chile, 521
Chili-chili, 526
Chimbuya, 882, 883
Chinchinia, 897
Chochos, 493
Chucam, 450
Chucho de burro, 342
Chuchullagoi, 335
Chuco, 594
Chukupi, 654
Chulco, 584
Chullco-chullco, 584
Chunco, 593
Chupicana, 869
Chymocarpus stipulaceus, 613
Cicer, 352
arietinum, 352
Cidra, 660
Cirrateputa, 95
Ciruela, 856
de causaboca, 857
de Fraile, 853
de Frayle, 857
de la China, 858
japonesa, 858
Citron, 660
Citrus, 657
aurantifolia, 658
Aurantium, 659
Limetta, 660
Limon, 659
Limon var. Limetta, 660
Limonia, 658
Limonum, 659
medica, 660
medica var. Limon, 659
paradisi, 659
sinensis, 659
Citrus Apple, 660
Citrus family, 655
Ckello-anu, 619
Ckera, 475, 494
Clathotropis, 246, 247
Cleobulia, 322
dipcleoides, 327
leiantha, 326
multiflora, 327
Clitoria, 345
amazonum, 345
arborea, 346
arborescens, 348
brasiliana, 319, 31>0
capitata, 341
glycinoides, 348
grandifolia, 346
floffmanseggii, 346
javitensis, 347
javitensis var. glabra, 347
leptostachya, 347
nervosa, 348
Plumieri, 342
polyphylla, 381
pozuzoensis, 348
racemosa, 346
rubiginosa, 348
Ternatea, 349
virginiana, 344
Clover, pin, 539
red, 449
white, 452
white sweet, 454
yellow sweet, 454
Coata-quicaua, 124
Coca, 637, 638
Coca-coca, 645
Cocain, 637
Coca-sisa, 913
Cocillana, 774
bark, 753
Coco-coco, 645
Coling, 360
imbra, 360
macho, 361
Collaea, 334
speciosa, 334
Cologania, 349
pulchella, 349
pulchella var. rufescens, 349
Colorado, 31
Comirachi, 522
Comocladia loxensis, 696, 698
Conapi, 263
Contrevenosa, 665
Copaiba, 120, 121
Copaifera, 120
canime, 120
glycycarpa, 121
guianensis, 120
Langsdormi, 121
marginata, 121
INDEX
973
Copaifera Martii, 121
multijuga, 120
officinalis, 121
reticulata, 120
reticulata var. peruviana, 120
Copal caspi, 709, 714
Cordia scandens, 956
Coronilla scandens, 447
Corytholobium macrophyllum, 911
Cospano, 60
Cotochupa, 36
Coulteria tinctoria, 195
Coumarouna, 251
charapilla, 252
ferrea, 253
magnifica, 253
micrantha, 253
odorata, 254
oppositifolia, 250
punctata, 254
rosea, 252, 254
trifoliolata, 254
Courbaril, 125
Coursetia, 386
caribaea, 389
dubia, 388
eriantha, 387
fruticosa, 387
glandulifera, 389
grandiflora, 388
Harmsii, 388
mollis, 388, 390
ochroleuca, 389
orbicularis, 389
orbicularis var. mantaroana, 389
perplexans, 387
tephrodes, 390
tomentosa, 387
tumbezensis, 390
Weberbaueri, 390
Covillea divaricata, 654
Crabs eyes, 352
Cracca, 382, 386
cinerea, 382
mollis, 390
ochroleuca, 389
poliophylla, 387
Cratylia, 322
argentea, 324
dichrona, 324
floribunda, 324
floribunda var. intermedia, 324
floribunda var. nuda, 324
mollis, 324
nuda, 324
pauciflora, 324
Crepidospermum, 714
Goudptianum, 715
multijugum, 715
rhoifolium, 714
Sprucei, 715
Crispin, 712
Crotalaria, 454
anagyroides, 455
cytisi folia, 455
Dombeyana, 455
incana, 455
lupulina, 457
Matthewsana, 458
nitens, 456
nitens var. trichina, 457
pumila, 457
retusa, 458
sagittalis, 458
Cruckshanksia cistiflora, 543
Crudia, 122
amazonica, 123
bracteata, 123
glaberrima, 122
obliqua, 122
Parivoa, 123
pubescens, 123
tomentosa, 123
Cua-acapoc, 678
Cube, 263
de almidon, 263
ordinario, 384
Cuca-cuca, 638
Cucharero, 654
Cucullaria citrifolia, 883
ferruginea, 885
grandis, 886
Haenkeana, 886
Culandro, 663
Culantrilo, 665
Culantro, 663, 665
Culem, 360
Culim, 360
Cumaru, 251, 254
de cheiro, 244, 252
de rato, 252
ferro, 253
Cumaru-rana, 251, 252
Cuquindo, 767
Curi-sisa, 842
Curito, 726
Cururu, 265
Cuspare, 683
Cusparia, 683
acuminata, 684
cuneifolia, 685
Gaudichaudiana, 685
macrophylla, 685
paniculata, 685
toxicaria, 684
ucayalina, 685
Cymbosema, 330
roseum, 330
Cynometra, 121
bauhiniaefolia, 121
Martiana, 122
Martiana var. macrophylla, 122
Martiana var. procera, 122
parvifolia, 121
974 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Cynometra racemosa, 122
Spruceana, 122
Cytisus Cajan, 339
Dacryodes, 716
peruviana, 716
Dalbergia, 285
acuta, 289
cearensis, 285
debilis, 286
Ecastaphyllum, 290
enneandra, 290
ferrugineo-tomentosa, 287
frutescens, 287
Glaziovii, 289
hypargyraea, 287
inundata, 288
iquitosensis, 288
Lindeniana, 288
Monetaria, 289
Monetaria var. hygrophila, 289
Monetaria var. nitida, 290
nigra, 286
nitida, 290
oxyphylla, 287
pachycarpa, 280
Riedeli, 290
riparia, 290
Spruceana, 286
subcympsa, 291
variabilis, 287
volubilis, 289
Dalea, 361
alopecuroides, 364
antana, 365
astragalina, 366
ayayacensis, 366
boliviana, 365
boliviana var. Herrerae, 365
brachystachys, 362
caerulea, 366
calocalyx, 367
carthaginensis, 375
catatona, 367
cutervoana, 366
cylindrica, 367
cylindrica var. samancoensis, 368
exilis, 368
Fieldii, 373
galbina, 369
humifusa, 373
Killipii, 374, 375
leporina, 369
longispicata, 366
microphylla, 370
microphylla var. brevis, 370
microphylla var. vicina, 370
moquehana, 370
multifoliolata, 362
Mutisii, 366
myriadena, 371
nova, 371
onobrychioides, 368
Onobrychis, 371
pazensis, 372
pazensis var. Vargasii, 372
Pennellii, 372
peruviana, 372
rubricaulis, 373
samancoensis, 367, 368
Sawadae, 373
sericophylla, 373
Smithii, 374
sulfurea, 374
tapacariensis, 365
trichocalyx, 375
Weberbaueri, 375
Deguelia amazonica, 260
scandens, 264
Derris, 256
amazonica, 260
confertiflora, 260
glabrescens, 261
glauca, 257
guianensis, 264
Guilleminiana, 262
hedyosma, 262
hylobia, 262
leptorrhachis, 258
longifolia, 264
negrensis, 260, 264
nicou, 263
pterocarpa, 263
rariflora, 264
scandens, 264
seorsa, 265
spiciflora, 265
sylvestris, 266
urucu, 266
Desmanthus, 97
depressus, 97
virgatus, 98
Desmodium, 413
adscendens, 417
affine, 418
Aparines, 435
axillare, 419
axillare var. genuinum, 419
axillare var. obtusifoliola, 419
axillare var. Sintenisii, 420
barbatum, 421
Bigelovti, 430
cajanifolium, 422
campestre, 426
campyloclados, 423
canum, 423
delotum, 424
distortum, 425
frutescens, 424
glabrum, 426
humile, 430
immerens, 423
incanum, 424
intortum, 426
INDEX
975
Desmodium intortum var. apiculatum,
427
Lilloanum, 430
limense, 427
micranthum, 428
micranthum var. Macbridei, 429
molle, 426
molliculum, 429
neo-mexicanum, 430
neo-mexicanum var. Bigelovii, 430
parvum, 430
Perrottetii, 431
peruvianum, 427
Poeppigianum, 431
purpureum, 434
radicans, 419
reptans, 419
sclerophyllum, 432
scorpiurus, 433
spirale var. Bigelovii, 430
subsericeum, 433
supinum, 424
terminate, 426
tortuosum, 434
uncinatum, 435
Vargasianum, 437
Vargasianum var. arcuatum, 436
Vargasianum var. bracteatum, 436
Vargasianum var. curvatum, 436
Vargasianum var. ellipticum, 436
Vargasianum var. typicum, 437
villosum, 421
Weberbaueri, 437
Wydlerianum, 438
Diacidia galphimioides, 862
Dialium, 142
acuminatum, 143
divaricatum, 143
guianense, 143
Dicella, 861
macroptera, 862
Dichapetalaceae, 954
Dichapetalum, 955
amazonicum, 956
odoratum, 955
pedunculatum, 957
scandens, 956
scandens var. cinerascens, 956
Spruceanum, 957
stipulatum, 957
vestitum, 956
vestitum var. scandens, 956
Diclidanthera, 949
octandra, 949
pendulifolia, 950
Diclidantheraceae, 949
Dicorynia, 185
Dictyoloma, 688
peruvianum, 688
Dicymbe, 198
amazonica, 198
corymbosa, 199
Dimorphandra, 118
excelsa, 119
gigantea, 119
megacarpa, 112
parviflora, 119
pennigera, 119
unijuga, 119
vernicosa, 119
Dinizia excelsa, 118
Dioclea, 322
argentea, 324
argentea var. nuda, 324
bicolor, 325
comosa, 328
densiflora, 327
dichrona, 324
fimbriata, 327
funalis, 325
glabra, 325
Huberi, 326
lasiocarpa, 329
lasiophylla, 326
leiantha, 326
macracantha, 327
macrocarpa, 327
malacocarpa, 329
megacarpa, 327
mollis, 324
pauciflora, 324
purpurea, 330
reflexa, 328
ucayalina, 328
violacea, 329
virgata, 329
Diplopteris, 811
includens, 811
involuta, 811
Uleana, 812
Diplotropis, 245
ferruginea, 246, 247
Martiusii, 246
peruviana, 246
Dipteryx, 251
micrantha, 252
odorata, 254
Ditremexa hirsuta, 167
leptpcarpa, 172
occidentalis, 175
Dolicholus apoloensis, 337
Dolichos, 291
Lablab, 291
luteolus, 292
maritimus, 320
minimus, 338
pyramidalis, 338
repens, 292
sinensis, 293
trilobus, 295
tuberosus, 294
uncinatus, 350
unguiculatus, 293
urens, 316
976 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Dolichos virgatus, 329
Drepanocarpus, 274
aristulatus, 277
isadelphus, 276
lunatus, 283
ovalifplius, 281
paludicola, 288
Dubugnpn, Nelly, 507
Dugandia rostrata, 73
Dussia, 244
discolor, 244
Tessmannii, 244
Dysoxylum, 752
Ecastophyllum hygrophilum, 289
Monetaria, 289
Monetaria var. Riedeli, 290
nitidum, 290
pubescens, 291
Riedeli, 290
Ehrenbergia tribuloides, 650
El coq, 638
Elaphrium graveolens, 712
Elutheria, 726
Emelista mucronulosa, 144
pilifera, 178
Tora, 184
Enredadera, 913
Entada, 106
polyphylla, 107
polystachya, 107
Entadopsis polyphylla, 107
polystachya, 107
Enterolobium, 64
maximum, 65
Saman, 61
Schomburgkii, 65
timbouva, 65
Eriosema, 339
rufum, 339
Erisma, 872
calcaratum, 873
floribunda, 874
Tessmannii, 874
uncinatum, 875
violaceum, 873, 875
Erodium, 538
Botrys, 541
cicutarium, 539
geoides, 539
laciniatum, 540
malacoides, 540
moschatum, 540
Errazurizia, 362
Erythrina, 306
amasisa, 311
amazonica, 308
coralodendron, 306
crista-galli, 308
edulis, 308
esculenta, 308
falcata, 309
flammea, 313
glauca, 310
Lorenoi, 308
Martii, 309
megistophylla, 308
micropteryx, 311
Mulungu, 312
peruviana, 310
Poeppigiana, 311
polychaeta, 309
rubrinervia, 311
Schimpffii, 309
speciosa, 307
Ulei, 312
velutina, 307
verna, 312
xinguensis, 312
Erythrochiton, 678
brasiliense, 677, 680
hypophyllanthus, 680
Lindenii, 680
macropodum, 679
trifoliatum, 680
Erythrostemon Gilliesii, 192
Erythroxylaceae, 632
Erythroxylon, 633
Erythroxylum, 632
acuminatum, 635
amazonicum, 636
amplum, 636
carthaginense, 645
citrifolium, 636
Coca, 633, 637
Coca var. Spruceana, 633
comosum, 638
deciduum, 638
exaltatum var. ellipticum, 646
fimbriatum, 639
floribundum, 639
gracilipes, 640
gracilipes var. exareolatum, 640
hondense, 641
Kirkianum, 638
lenticellosum, 646
lucidum, 641
luculentum, 642
macrocnemium, 642
macrophyllum, 643
Mamacoca, 643
opacum, 645
paraense, 644
passerinum, 645
patens, 635
Raimondii, 645
rufum, 645
Ruizii, 642
Shatona, 645
Tessmannii, 646
truxillense, 633
Ulei, 646
venosum, 645
Escobillo, 853
INDEX
977
Esenbeckia, 671
alata, 674
coriacea, 671
cornuta, 672
grandiflora, 672
grandiflora var. peruviana, 673
maurioides, 673
pilocarpoides, 673
pilocarpoides var. guianensis, 674
pilocarpoides var. maurioides, 674
venulosa, 674
Warszewiczii, 674
Esparteina, 459
Espino, 80
Esquera, 483
Estoraque, 242
Euxylophora paraensis, 676
Exostylis, 220
Fagara, 662
acreana, 664
caudata, 668
Culantrillo, 664
juniperina, 665
mantaro, 666
peruviana, 663
Pterota, 665
Riedelianum, 666, 669
Sprucei, 668
subserrata, 664
tumbezana, 669
valens, 669
Warmingii, 664
Weberbaiieri, 670
Fagonia, 650
aspera, 651
chilensis, 651
chilensis var. pubecarpa, 651
cretica, 651
Fanise-ey, 133
Faveira, 137
Ferreyra, Ramon, 913
Feuilleea, 7
Endlicheri, 23
Fiebrigella, 447
Fiebrigiella, 447
gracilis, 447
Filaree, 539
Flame tree, 195
Flax, 621
Flor de aroma, 77
de cana, 173
de corpus, 298
del paraiso, 718
Foot-qf-goat, 584
Frankincense, 703
Frejol de Antibo, 292
Frijalilla, 384
Frijoles de monte, 339
Fuy-cay-berao, 214
Gacuranda, 286
Galactia, 331
Augusti, 331
Cesari, 332
Jussiaeana, 332
Jussiaeana var. peruviana, 333
Jussiaeana var. volubilis, 332
Killipiana, 333
montana, 332
obovata, 333
pinnata, 381
remansoana, 333
shumbae, 333
speciosa, 334
striata, 334
tenuiflora, 334
Galega, 381
caeruka, 366
cinerea, 382
ochroleuca, 389
officinalis, 382
toxicaria, 383
Galipea, 680
bracteata, 681
grandifolia, 681
grandifoliata, 681
longiflora, 681
trifoliate, 681
Galphimia, 851
glauca, 851
gracilis, 851
longifolia, 852
Garapo, 142
Garbancillo, 398
Garbanzo, 352
Garroba, 109
Geoffraea, 254
GeoflFroya, 254
inermis, 255
retusa, 256
striata, 255
superba, 255
surinamensis, 255
Geraniaceae, 511
Geranium, 511
acaule, 522
ayacuchense, 515
ayavacense, 516
caespitosum, 533
canescens, 533
carolinianum, 517
chiloense, 536
chinchense, 517
choimacotense, 522
cicutarium, 539
ciliatum, 534
core-core, 522
crassipes, 518
cucullatum, 534
cucullatum var. elongatum, 534
Dielsianum, 518
diffusum, 519
diffusum var. subsericeum, 535
978 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Geranium digitatum, 519
dissectum, 520
elongatum, 523
fallax, 520
filipes, 520
guatemalense, 532
Harmsii, 521
Herreri, 521
holosericeum, 525
huantense, 522
Humboldtii, 523
hypoleucum, 523
Jaekelae, 524
Killipianum, 524
Knuthianum, 523
laxicaule, 525
Lechleri, 525
limae, 526
magellanicum, 521
malacoides, 540
Mathewsii, 526
matucanense, 527
mexicanum var. macranthum, 532
mexicanum var. minoriflorum, 532
microphyllum, 525
molle, 527
mollendinense, 528
moschatum, 540
multiflorum, 528
multipartitum, 523
multipartitum var. glabrescens, 523
multipartitum var. velutinum, 523
muscoideum, 518
nivale, 528
partitum, 516
patagonicum, 528
Pavonianum, 529
peruvianum, 529
piurense, 530
potentilloides, 523
pusillum, 530
pyrenaica, 522
Raimondii, 530
razuhillcaense, 533
renifolium, 531
rose, 512
rotundifolium, 527
Ruizii, 531
rupicolum, 537
scissum, 531
Seemanni, 532
sericeum var. microphyllum, 525
sessiliflorum, 533
sessiliflorum var. albatum, 533
sessiliflorum var. lanatum, 518
sibbaldioides, 534
sibbaldioides var. elongatum, 534
Smithianum, 535
Sodiroanum, 535
Staffordianum, 536
Stuebelii, 536
subulato-stipulatum, 532
superbum, 537
tablasense, 528
titicacaense, 528
Weberbauerianum, 537
Weddellii, 538
Geranium family, 511
Gerogui-mitiri-ey, 44
Glandonia macrocarpa, 871
Gliricidia Michelii, 385
sepium, 384
Glycine, 350
hispida, 350
phaseoloides, 338
rufa, 339
sagittate, 343
striata, 334
uncinata, 350
Goat-foot, 584
Gochano, 290
Golden shower, 163
Goma amarilla, 887
guayo, 111
Gonypetalum, 963
acreanum, 963
juruanum, 964
lanceolatum, 963
Tessmannii, 964
Gose-o, 294, 316
Gourliea decorticans, 507
Grimaldia Absus, 154
Guaba, 23
Guabo, 17
Guaiacum, 647
microphylla, 653
Guara, 752
Guarango, 109
Guarea, 752
acreana, 755
aligera, 756
Borisii, 757
carapoides, 758
Casimiriana, 758
cauliflora, 758
densiflora, 765
depauperata, 759
Eggersii, 759
eriorhachis, 760
filiformis, 760
fissicalyx, 761
franciscoana, 762
grandifolia, 762
Guentheri, 763
Huberi, 763, 771
Huberi var. peruviana, 764
Jelskiana, 764
Klugii, 764
Kunthiana, 765
Kunthiana var. densiflora, 765
leticiana, 766
macrobotrys, 766
maynasiana, 767
microcalyx, 761
INDEX
979
Guarea microphylla, 726
microsepala, 767
Mikaniana, 768
mucronulata, 763
oblongiflora, 768
odorata, 768
pedicellata, 765
pendulispica, 756
pilanthera, 769
Poeppigii, 758, 765
pterorhachis, 769
punctata, 770
purpurea, 701, 770
Raimondii, 771
Rusbyi, 753, 773
sericea, 774
silvatica, 761
simplicifolia, 771
Sprucei, 757
subsetulosa, 772
subspicata, 760
subviridiflora, 772
syringoides, 761
Tessmannii, 773
Trianae, 757
trichilioides, 773
trunciflora, 774
Ulei, 775
Weberbaueri, 775
Guilandina, 188
Bonduc, 190
bonducella, 190
Harhui, 303
Hartmann, Dorothy H., 506
Hatumpacte, 144
Haucapu-rana, 204
Hayawasca, 838
Haymura, 312
Hebepetalum, 627
humiriifolium, 627
Hecastaphyllum Monetaria var. hygro-
philum, 289
Hedwigia panamensis, 714
Hedysarum adscendens, 417
axillare, 419
barbatum, 421
brasilianum, 441
cajanifolium, 422
canum, 423
diphyllum, 413
distortum, 425
falcatum, 442
frutescens, 424
glabrum, 426
incanum, 424
intortum, 426
molle, 426
muricata, 405
pimpinellifolium, 405
purpureum, 434
racemiferum, 424
racemosum, 424
reptans, 419
scorpiurus, 433
supinum, 424
terminate, 426
tortuosum, 434
trigonum, 427
uncinatum, 435
venustulum, 421
villosum, 421
Hemicrepidospermum, 714
Hemp, Sunn, 454
Herpetica alata, 155
Heteropteris, 813
acutifolia, 819
acutifolia var. eglandulosa, 819
anomala, 814
anomala var. aurea, 814
anoptera, 818
argentea, 832
argyrophaea, 814
Beecheyana, 815
Beecheyana var. andina, 815
Candolleana, 819
carinata, 819
catingarum, 815
cornifolia, 826
cristata, 816
grandiflora, 817
macrostachya, 817
macrostachya f. transiens, 817
Mathewsana, 819
nervosa, 818
nervosa var. Lessertiana, 818
orinocensis, 818
pauciflora, 816
rufula, 817
spectabilis, 819
suberosa, 818
tomentosa, 815, 819
transiens, 820
transiens f. glandulifera, 820
Hibina, 962
Hiraea, 793
anisopetala, 785
bahiensis, 794, 796
bahiensis f. Salzmanniana, 795
Blanchetiana, 796
brachyptera, 797
colombiana, 797
cordifolia, 786
crassipes, 795
cyclocarpa, 790
elegans, 789
fagifolia, 796
fagifolia var. Blanchetiana, 796
fagifolia var. Candolleana, 796
Kunthiana, 796
macrodisca, 788
obovata, 796
ovatifolia, 789
pachypoda, 797
980 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Hiraea Poeppigiana, 809
psilophylla, 790
pubiflora, 791
rigida, 791
sepium, 792
Spruceana, 797
Spruceana var. Mortoniana, 797
ternifolia, 798
ternifolia var. peruviana, 798
transiens, 798
yillosa, 799
Hirtella glaberrima, 122
Hoffmanseggia, 188
gracilis, 194
miranda, 193
pilosa, 194
prostrata, 194
stipulate, 196
ternata, 196
viscosa, 197
viscosa var. egena, 192
Horse-bean, 356
Hortia Vandelli, 655
Houmiri, 629
Houmiria, 629
balsamifera, 629
crassifolia, 630
floribunda, 630
Huacamayo-chico, 62
Huaco bianco, 322
Huagllhua, 361
Huaika sisal, 195
Huairuru Colorado, 207
Huaita rebozo, 53
Huallhuahuallhus, 361
Huallpa-huallpa, 618
Huaman-samana, 689
Huamanstillo, 308
Huancoe, 712
Huaranca, 109
Huarango, 78
Huaranguillo, 166
Huaro, 31
Huasango, 94
Huashlla, 184
Huayana-picchu, 335
Huayllana, 361
Huayro, 306
Huayruru, 306
Huayruzo, 256
Hugonia, 627
Huilcatauri, 312
Huillca, 74, 102, 668
Huillko, 299
Huitillo, 143
Humiria, 629
Humiriaceae, 621
Humirium, 629
Hymenaea, 124
adenotricha, 126
Courbaril, 125
oblongifolia, 125
palustris, 126
Hymenolobium, 267
Hypseocharis, 606
bilobata, 606
Fiebrigii, 607
pedicularifolia, 607
Pilgeri, 607
pimpinellifolia, 608
tridentata, 607
Ichipicui, 72
Idea altissima, 713
Goudotiana, 715
Icoje, 223
Imbarana de cheiro, 244
Imburano de cheiro, 252
Inchis, 409
Indano, 865
Indigo, 376, 380
Indigofera, 376
anil, 379
campestris, 376
guatimalensis, 377
humilis, 377
laxa, 378
lespedezioides, 377
macrocarpa, 378
mexicana, 359
microcarpa, 379
mucrpnata, 379
obrajillensis, 378
subulata, 379
suflfruticosa, 379
tephrosioides, 380
tinctoria, 376, 380
truxillensis, 380
Weberbaueri, 378
Inga, 6
acreana, 13
acrocephala, 13
adenophylla, 13
adiantifolia, 63
affinis, 14
aggregata, 14
alba, 14
aliena, 15
altissima, 15
apta, 15
aria, 16
Augusti, 16
auristellae, 17
balaensis, 41
Bangii, 45
bauhiniaefolia, 67
boliviana, 34
Bonplandiana, 17
Bourgoni, 26
brachyrhachis, 17
bullatorugosa, 45
calantha, 36
calocephala, 29
calophylla, 19
INDEX
981
Inga capitata, 18
capitata var. latifolia, 18
cauliflora, 52
cayennensis, 16
cayennensis f. sessiliflora, 16
cecropietorum, 44, 45
chaetophora, 42
chartacea, 19
chrysotricha, 25
ciliata, 36
cinnamomea, 19
coccinea, 53
conferta, 20
cordatoalata, 20
coriacea, 20
coriacea var. leptopus, 21
Cumingiana, 23
cyclocarpa, 19
cynometrifolia, 21
densiflora, 21
diadema, 7
discolor, 63
Donaeana, 22
Duckei, 25
dumosa, 39
dysantha, 16
edulis, 22
Eggersii, 43
Endlicheri, 23
excelsa, 30, 55
expansa, 45
fagifolia, 16, 30, 47
fagifolia var. marginata, 30
falcistipula, 18
fasciculata, 23
Feuillei, 23
foliosa, 40
graciliflora, 24
graciliflora var. peruviana, 24
gracilifolia, 43
Guentheri, 44
Hartii, 35
heterophylla, 24
hirsutissima, 25
inaequalis, 55
ingoides, 25
inundata, 27
juglandifolia, 34
Killipiana, 26
Klugii, 26
laeta, 56
lallensis, 27
lateriflora, 27
laxiflora, 27
leiocalycina, 18
leptopus, 21
lineata, 28
longifolia, 58
longipes, 28
lopadadenia, 29
loretana, 29
macrophylla, 29
mapirensis, 24
marginata, 30
marginata var. itayensis, 30
Mathewsiana, 31
maynensis, 32
micrpcoma, 32
mollissima, 72
monzonensis, 28
myriantha, 33
myriocephala, 13
nobilis, 33
obidensis, 27
obidensis var. pilosa, 27
obscura, 34
ochroclada, 42
odorata, 30
olivacea, 31
paraensis, 43
Pardoana, 34
Pavoniana, 35
peltadenia, 35
pilosiuscula, 41
pilosula, 41
pisana, 7
plumifera, 36
Poeppigiana, 36
pruriens, 37
pulchriflora, 37
punctata, 38
punctata var. chagrensis, 38
punctata var. elongata, 38
punctata var. panamensis, 38
pycnostachya, 30
quadrangularis, 36
quaternata, 39
rhabdotocalyx, 26
rubiginosa, 36
rufinervis, 32
rufiseta, 42
Ruiziana, 40
Rusbyi, 33
scabriuscula, 22
sciadion, 21
semiglabra, 18
sertulifera var. leptopus, 21
setifera, 40
setigera, 42
setosa, 41
speciosa, 70
splendens, 41
stenoptera, 42
stipulacea, 42
stipularis, 18
striata, 42
strigillosa, 38
tarapotensis, 43
tenuirama, 39
tenuistipula, 44
Tessmannii, 44
Tessmannii var. Harmsii, 44
Thibaudiana, 35
Thibaudiana var. latifolia, 35
982 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Inga tomentosa, 45
umbellata, 24
umbellulifera, 21
umbratica, 45
velutina, 45
virgultosa, 44
vismiaefolia, 46
Weberbaueri, 37
Wittiana, 34
yacoana, 46
Inga-assti, 20
Inga cipo, 23
Ingarana, 64
lonoxalis latifolia, 569
Ishpingo, 245
Isodesmia, 445
Isula micunan, 715
Itayba, 227
Jaboty, 874
Jacaranda, 172, 288
Jaguar caspi, 273
Janckas-ckera, 494
Jarilla, 654
Jazmin de Arabia, 718
Jepo, 650
Jequirity, 352
Jeyisife-o, 282
Joscka, 398
Jumbi seed, 352
Jupunba trapezifolia, 56
Juscka, 398
Jutahy, 126
Jutai, 143
Kallstroemia, 649
adscendens, 649
boliviana, 650
brachystylis, 650
caribaea, 649
maxima, 650
tribuloides, 650
tucumanensis, 649
Killay, 47
Killu-sisa, 887
Kingwpod, 285
Kiriguinche, 55
Kita-ttacco, 357
Kjeshua-surpuy, 166
Kkumu, 384
Kkusillo-paccai, 14
Klugiodendron laetum, 57
Krameria, 506
cistoides, 506
iluca, 506
pauciflora, 507
pentapetala, 506
triandra, 507
Kubi-sulluchi, 435
Kumarut, 253
Lablab, 291
Larrea, 654
divaricata, 654
gracilis, 194
viscosa, 197
Latapi, 774
de hojas, 762
Latapi-caspi, 774
Lathyrus, 352
crassipes, 353
fruticosus, 387
longipes, 353
longipes yar. peruvianus, 354
magellanicus, 354
magellanicus var. gladiatus, 354
magellanicus var. tucumanensis, 354
pubescens, 353
sessiliflorus, 354
sessilifolius, 354
stipularis, 353
subandinus, 354
Layo, 452
Layu, 450
Lechuza-caspi, 744
Lecointea, 220
amazonica, 221
ovalifolia, 220
peruviana, 220
Ledpcarpon chiloense, 543
cistiflorum, 543
Meyenianum, 542
pedunculare, 543
Leguminosae, 3
Lejuco de Calentuxas, 790
Lens esculenta, 353
Lenteja, 353
Lentil, 353
Leptoglottis, 97
leptocarpa, 97
Leptolobium leiocarpum, 142
Leptothyrsa, 677
Sprucei, 677
Leucaena, 98
canescens, 98
glauca, 99
trichodes, 99
trichodes var. acutifolia, 99
Libidibia corymbosa, 193
Licania celativenia, 631
Lignum vitae, 647
Lima bean, 295
Limon cidra, 660
Limonia aurantifolia, 658
Linaceae, 621
Lino, 626
Linum, 621
andicolum, 622
Chamissonis, 623
filiforme, 626
Macraei, 623
Macraei var. peruviana, 623
oligophyllum, 626
parvum, 624
INDEX
983
Linum polygaloides, 624
prostratum, 624
ramosissimum, 626
selaginoides, 625
usitatissimum, 625
Weberbaueri, 626
Lissocarpa, 949
Lissocarpaceae, 949
Llamapanaui, 313, 315
Llangua, 380
Lluchcho-occa, 598
Lluillo-caspi, 745
Lluvia de oro, 851
Loco-weeds, 397
Lonchocarpus, 256
boliviensis, 261
confertiflorus, 260, 265
densiflorus, 261
floribundus, 260, 266
glabrescens, 261
Guilleminiana, 262
hedyosmus, 262
hylobius, 262
macrocarpus var. sericophyllus, 262
negrensis, 260
Neuroscapha, 262
nicou, 263
pterocarpus, 263
rariflorus, 264
spiciflorus, 265
sylvestris, 266
urucu, 266
Mfa'Ks, 263
Lophanthera, 851
lactescens, 852
longifolia, 852
Spruceana, 852
Los pallares, 295
Lotoxalis Barrelieri, 556
Lucerne, 453
Luichu-vainilla, 165
Lupinus, 459
Albertsmithianus, 469
alimanens, 475
allargyreius, 469
alopecuroides, 504
ambaticus, 498
ananeanus, 470
appositus, 470
arequipensis, 471
aridulus, 471
arvensis, 476, 484
Asagrayanus, 470
Ballianus, 471
Bangii, 486, 493
bicolor, 487, 501
bimaculatus, 460
bogotensis, 473, 475, 494
brachypremnon, 472
bracteolaris, 483
brevicaulis, 496
breviscapis, 470
carazensis, 472
carpapaticus, 473
celsimontanus, 505
chavanillensis, 473
chilensis, 473
chlorolepis, 474
chrysanthus, 474
condensiflorus, 475
conicus, 475
Cookianus, 475
Crtickshanksii, 470
cuzcensis, 476
cymboides, 476
disjunctus, 477
Dorae, 477
Ellsworthianus, 478
eriocladus, 478
exochus, 479
Fieldii, 479
Franciswhittieri, 480
Gaudichaudianus, 480
Gaudichaudianus var. Martinetianus,
480
Gayanus, 480
Gilbertianus, 481
Goodspeedii, 481
hamaticalyx, 482
Herreranus, 482
Herzogii, 484
Hinkleyorum, 483
Holwayorum, 475
Hornemanni, 483
huaronensis, 484
huaronensis var. pascoensis, 484
humifusus, 490, 498
Jelskianus, 484
juninensis, 485
Kalenbornorum, 485
laxiflorus, 477
Lechlerianus, 486
Ledigianus, 486
Lindleyanus, 487
Lindleyanus var. fistulosus, 487
Lobbianus, 487
lorenzensis, 488
Macbrideanus, 488
Macbrideianus, 489
malacotrichus, 489
Matthewsianus, 489
matucanicus, 487
matucanicus var. fistulosus, 487
microcarpus, 490
microphyllus, 490
microphyllus var. argyreus, 479
microphyllus var. chavanillensis, 473
misticola, 491
mollendoensis, 491
montanus, 491
montanus var. austrovolcanicum, 492
Munzianus, 492
mutabilis, 492
notabilis, 493
984 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Lupinus nubigenus, 504
Oquendoanus, 493
oreophilus, 503
paniculatus, 494
paniculatus var. parviflorus, 497
pendentiflorus, 484
perblandus, 494
peruvianus, 495
Pickeringii, 495
pinguis, 495
Pipersmithii, 496
polyphyllus, 491
praealtus, 496
praetermissus, 497
prostratus, 497
pubescens, 503
pulvinaris, 498
punensis, 478
ramosissimus, 498
ramosissimus var. ambaticus, 498
Richardianus, 499
romasanus, 499
rupestris, 472
Rusbyanus, 501, 505
sarmentosus, 499
saxatilis, 500
semiprostratus, 500
semperflorens, 484, 494
sericeolodix, 476
Smithianus, 500
soratensis, 493
Staff ordiae, 501
subumbettatus, 481
suffer ugineus, 501
syriggedes, 501
tarapacensis, 502
Taurus, 500
tomentosus, 502
tominensis, 471, 483
toratensis, 502
Ulbrichianus, 503
urubambensis, 503
viscoensis, 504
Weber baueri, 504
Werdermannianus, 505
Wilkesianus, 505
yanlyensis, 479
yauliensis, 479
Ynesiae, 506
Lupuna, 749
Lysiloma, 73
polyphylla, 74
tergemina, 7
Maccauba, 268
Machaerium, 274
aculeatum, 276
amazonense, 277
angustifolium, 276
aristulatum, 277
Bangii, 278
campy lothyrsum, 278
campylothyrsum var. crebrifolio-
latum, 278
castaneiflorum, 278
complanatum, 278
cuspidatum, 279
decorticans, 279
floribundum, 280
floribundum var. parviflorum, 280
inundatum, 274
iquitosense, 280
isadelphum, 276
Kegelii, 281
lanceolatum, 281
latifolium, 277
leiophyllum, 282
longifolium, 282
longistipitatum, 283
lunatum, 283
macrophyllum, 280, 281
Millei, 283
peruvianum, 284
Salzmanni, 284
Schunkei, 284
secundiflorum, 281
tortipes, 285
Macha-macha, 560, 567
Machetebaina, 181
Machete vaina, 214
Machinmango, 138
Macrolobium, 135
acaciaefolium, 136
bifolium, 137
brevense, 137
canal iculatum, 139
chrysostachyum, 138
gracile, 137
Huberianum, 136
ischnocalyx, 138
limbatum, 139
longipedicellatum, 137
machaerioides, 139
microcalyx, 140
palustre, 139
pendulum, 140
punctatum, 140
retusum, 138
stenocladum, 141
suayeolens, 140
taxifolium, 137
M acrosamanea discolor, 63
Spruceana, 63
Madre de cacao, 307
Maggisapa, 643
Mahogany, 718, 727
Mala citrea, 660
Malla, 618
Malpighia, 852
armeniaca, 857
coccigera, 853
coriacea, 865
crassifolia, 866
densa, 867
INDEX
985
Malpighia glabra, 853
glandulosa, 858
lucida, 853
maritima, 860
media, 861
obovata, 796
peruviana, 853
phlomoides, 808
punicifolia, 854
punicifolia var. obovata, 854
retusa, 854
ternifolia, 798
tomentosa, 855
Malpighiaceae, 781
Mama-cuca, 644
Mani, 409
Manoraton, 379
Mapato, 507
Mariabuena, 273
Marimari, 172
Marouba, 692
Martia, 141, 184
Martiodendron, 184
macrocarpon, 185
Martiusia, 184
elata, 185
elata f. angustifolia, 185
elata f. occidentalis, 185
Mascagnia, 783
amazpnica, 785
americana, 785
anisopetala, 785
anisopetala var. macrodisca, 788
cordifolia, 786
cordifolia subsp. thiantha, 786
cordifolia var. fusca, 786
cordifolia var. peruviana, 786
elegans, 789
filipes, 787
hippocrateoides, 793
loretensis, 787
macrodisca, 788
macrophylla, 826
nervosa, 788
nobilis, 788
ovatifolia, 789
ovatifolia f. cordata, 789
psilophylla, 790
psilophylla var. antifebrilis, 790
psilophylla var. peruviana, 790
pubiflora, 791
rigida, 791
sepium, 792
sericans, 792
sericans var. paraguariensis, 793
tenuifolia, 793
tenuifolia var. amazonica, 793
violacea, 788
Mashua, 620
Massua, 620
Mastuercillo, 615
Mastuerzo, 615
Mataburro, 187
Maxmanillo, 431
Mayu, 245
Mayua, 620
Meckelia multiflora, 850
Medicago, 452
denticulata, 452
hispida, 452
hispida var. confmis, 452
lupulina, 453
sativa, 453
sativa f. salaverryensis, 453
sativa var. polia, 453
truncata, 452
Meibomia adscendens, 417
adscendens 0 incana, 424
albida, 420
andina, 419
axillariB, 419
axillaris var. obtusifoliola, 419
barbata, 421
Bigelowii, 430
cajanifolia, 422
campyhclada, 423
cana, 423
cayennense, 421
distorta, 425
distorta var. Perrottetii, 431
glabra, 426
Hoehneana, 430
humilis, 430
intorta, 426
Lilloana, 430
limensis, 427
micrantha, 428
mollicula, 429
mollis, 426
neomexicana, 430
Nova-Mexicana, 430
parva, 430
purpurea, 434
racemifera, 424
reptans, 419
sclerophylla, 432
scprpiurus, 433
Sintenisii, 420
spiralis, 430
subsericea, 433
supina, 424
terminalis, 426
tortuosa, 434
uncinata, 435
trillosa, 421
T^eberbauen, 437
Wydleriana, 438
Melia Azedarach, 718
Meliaceae, 717
Melilotus, 453
alba, 453
indica, 453
melilotus indica, 454
officinalis, 454
986 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Melilotus parviflora, 453
Meradiu, 288
Mestiza, 598
Metrodorea, 670
flavida, 671
nigra, 671
pubescens, 671
Michi-ccallo, 94
Micropteryx Poeppigiana, 311
Micullu, 335
Mimosa, 83
acantholoba, 86
acerba, 87
alba, 14
albida, 86
albida var. erratica, 86
albida var. floribunda, 86
albida var. glabrior, 87
albida var. strigosa, 86
andina, 90
annularis, 90, 96
asperata, 92
bauhiniae folia, 89
bimucronata, 91
boliviana, 87
brevifolia, 90
caduca, 87
caracasana, 69
colombiana, 89
colubrina, 101
coriacea, 20
corymbosa, 53
cuzcoana, 88
dichoneuta, 88
distachya, 47
Duckei, 89
dukis, 54
elegans, 47
expansa, 71
extensissima, 89
farnesiana, 77
floribunda, 86, 87
glauca, 99
gonoclada, 94
hispidula, 93
ingoides, 25
insidiosa, 89
invisa, 89
latifolia, 57
micracantha, 90
mollissima, 72
montana, 90
myriadena, 91
myriadena var. egena, 91
natans, 108
pectinata, 91
pigra, 92
pilosula, 41
polycarpa, 92
polydactyla, 92
polystachya, 107
portoricensis, 72
prostrata, 108
pudica, 93
pudica f. glabrior, 93
pudica f. hispidior, 93
punctulata, 93
quitensis, 90
retrorsa, 89
retrorsa var. major, 89
retusa, 83
revoluta, 94
rufescens, 94
Sagotiana, 88
Saman, 61
schrankioides, 88
sensitiva, 95
somnians, 95
soratensis, 94
Spruceana, 90, 96
Tessmannii, 95
trapezifolia, 56
trichodes, 99
Velloziana, 95
velutina, 45
virgata, 98
Weberbaueri, 96
Willdenowii, 87
xinguensis, 96
Mimoseae, 4
Mitino, 29
Monnieria, 685
trifolia, 685
Monnina, 913
acutifolia, 920
amarella, 920
amplibracteata, 921
andina, 922
angustifolia, 942
arbuscula, 947
arenicola, 922
callimorpha, 923
calophylla, 911
canescens, 923
Chanduyensis, 942
Clarkeana, 924
conferta, 924
connectisepala, 925
crotalarioides, 944
crotalarioides var. glabrescens, 944
crotalarioides var. leptostachys, 944
crotalarioides var. macrophylla, 944
crotalarioides var. pseudoloxensis, 944
cyanea, 926
decurrens, 927
densecoumata, 927
divaristachya, 928
filifolia, 928
glabrifolia, 929
graminea, 929
herbacea, 930
Herrerae, 930
hirtella, 931
huacachina, 939
INDEX
987
Monnina huallagensis, 932
huallagensis var. pachyphylla, 932
Killipii, 923
lanceolata, 935
laurifolia, 935
Lechleriana, 932
ligustrifolia, 933
longibracteata, 933
longibracteata var. ainensis, 934
Macbridei, 934
macrosepala, 934
macrosepala var. latifolia, 934
macrostachya, 935
macrostachya var. pumila, 935
marginata, 935
Mathusiana, 936
membranifolia, 937
myrtilloides, 924
ovata, 938
pachycoma, 938
Pavoni, 939
peruviana, 939
petiolaris, 935
petiolaris var. elliptica, 935
pilosa, 940
pilosa var. glabrescens, 940
polygaloides, 914
polygonoides, 930
polystachya, 940
pseudo-polystachya, 941
pseudo-salicifolia, 941
pterocarpa, 942
pterocarpa var. exauriculata, 942
ramosa, 943
rugosa, 914
Ruiziana, 943
Ruiziana f. longepetiolata, 944
salicifolia, 944
salicifolia var. pilostylis, 944
scandens, 936
stipulata, 945
stipulate, var. tenuibracteata, 925
tenuifolia, 925
tomentella, 946
Vargasii, 946
Vitis-idaea, 947
Weberbaueri, 947
Weberbaueri var. elongata, 935
Weberbaueri var. maxima, 935
Weberbaueri var. pachyantha, 935
Monopteryx, 249
angustifolia, 250
uaucu, 250
Monte cuca, 647
pacae, 53
Monte-massua, 613
Monterillo, 133
Montillapano, 539
Mora excelsa, 119
Morcilla huano, 841
Morongia, 97
Morreguelra, 256
Moschoxylon pentandrum, 748
viride, 738
Motay, 158
Motelo-caspi, 644
Motoya, 184
Motuy, 166, 169, 184
Moutabea, 948
aculeata, 948
longifolia, 948
Mucuna, 313
altissima, 316
elliptica, 314
Fawcettii, 314
Huberi, 315
inflexa, 314
mapirensis, 315
mitis, 313
platycarpa, 314
rostrata, 315
Sloanei, 316
urens, 316
wasca, 831
Muellera, 257
Muhingti, 313, 338
Muira-cutaea, 222
Muira-juba, 142
Mulahuatana, 361
Murcu tarilla Colorado, 642
Murici, 869
Muricy, 868
Murraya, 660
exotica, 660
paniculata, 660
Muru-anu, 619
Murucho, 653
Murushi, 868
Mutui, 166, 169, 184, 388
cube, 38
Mututi, 271
Mutuy, 380
grande, 162
Muyuy cube, 384
Myroxylon, 241
Balsamum, 241
Balsamum var. Pereirae, 241
Balsamum var. punctatum, 241
pedicellatum, 242
peruiferum, 242
Toluifera, 241
Myrrh, 703
Naranja acida, 659
Naranjilla, 661
Naranjo, 659
Nasturtium family, 608
Nasturtiums, 608
Negretia, 313
elliptica, 314
inflexa, 314
mitis, 313
platycarpa, 314
Neoschroetera divaricata, 654
988 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Nephromeria axillaris, 419
axillaris var. obtusifoliola, 419
axillaris var. Sintenisii, 420
Poeppigiana, 431
Neptunia, 107
plena, 108
prostrata, 108
pubescens, 108
Neurocarpum javitense, 347
Neuroscapha, 257
Guilleminiana, 262
Nicolsonia barbata, 421
cayennensis, 421
cayennensis var. obovata, 421
venustula, 421
villosa, 421
Nina-caspi, 227
Niormo, 217
Nissolia, 448
aculeatum, 276
fruticosa, 448
lanceolata, 281
leiophylla, 282
Nissoloides cylindrica, 433
Nojarilla, 790
Oca, 545
oca-oca, 563
occa-chchullca, 586, 596
occa-occa, 565, 583, 586, 596, 599
Occe-anu, 619
Occoctijan, 357
Oco yage", 828, 831
Omas, 453
Ongahuara, 675
Oquera-qquera, 471
Oquero, 502
Orange, Seville, 659
sour, 659
Oreja de buro, 858
Ormosia, 247
amazonica, 248
bopiensis, 248
coccinea, 249
euneura, 248
excelsa, 249
macrocalyx, 249
nobilis, 248
subsimplex, 249
Ormosiopsis, 247
cuspidata, 247
Orobus tomentosus, 387
Outea acaciaefolium, 136
Oxalidaceae, 544
Oxalis, 545
Acetosella, 556
acromelaena, 554
adpressa, 554
aelheria, 579
amazonica, 555
androsacea, 568
araucana, 569
arenaria, 555
arequipensis, 593
articulata, 554
Asplundii, 580
atroglandulosa, 569
Bangii, 555
Barrelieri, 556
bartolomensis, 556
bifida, 593
bipartita, 557
breviramulosa, 557
Buchtienii, 554, 592
bulbifera, 572
bulbigera, 558
carminea, 558
carnosa, 574
carnosa var. hirta, 574
cernua, 584
chasquiensis, 559
chosicensis, 576
cinerea, 559
colquipatensis, 595
Commersonii, 595
coralleoides, 560
Cornelli, 560
corniculata, 561
corniculata var. atropurpurea, 561
crenata, 598
cuzcensis, 562
daphniformis, 565
dendroides, 602
distincta, 563
dolichopoda, 563
elegans, 564
eriolepis, 564
euphorbioides, 557
europaea, 562
excisa, 580
filifprmis, 562, 582
fritillariiformis, 565
frutescens, 594
fruticetorum, 565
fruticosa, 584
guaquiensis, 557
Haenkeana, 559, 575
Haenkeana var. peruviana, 559
Haughtii, 560
hedysaroides, 587
Herrerae, 566
hirtella, 582
Hochreutineri, 567
huantensis, 567
hypopilina, 568
inflata, 586
juninensis, 568
juruensis, 568
juruensis var. emarginata, 569
lasiopetala, 559
latifolia, 569
Lechleri, 565
Ledigii, 582
leptopodes, 546
INDEX
989
Oxalis lespedezoides, 546
limosa, 573
lomana, 570
lomana var. glabrescens, 570
lomana var. hirsuta, 570
longicalyculata, 595
longiflora, 556
lotoides, 570
lucumayensis, 571
Macbridei, 571
machupicchuensis, 591
marcapatensis, 572
Martiana, 572
Mathewsii, 573
medicaginea, 574
megalorrhiza, 574
megalorrhiza var. hirta, 574
melilotoides, 575
membranifolia, 562
micrantha, 576
micrantha var. setifera, 576
microbolba, 558
microcarpa, 569
microphylla, 582
minima, 576
modestior, 577
mollis, 578
mollis yar. glandulosa, 578
mollissima, 578
moqueguensis, 578
nubigena, 579
ollantaytambensis, 562
oreocharis, 580
ornata, 593
Ortgiesii, 580
ovalis, 587
pachyrrhiza, 581
parvifolia, 582
parvifolia var. plurifolia, 554
patula, 567
paucartambensis, 582
Pavonii, 546
pazensis, 554
peduncularis, 583
peruviana, 560, 584
pes-caprae, 584
petrophila, 595
phaeotricha, 585
phaeotricha var. glabra, 585
Philippii, 576, 585
picchensis, 586
pichinchensis, 585
Pickeringii, 586
Poeppigii, 587
Poeppigii var. canescens, 587
Poeppigii var. segetalis, 587
polyantha, 587
polyantha var. peruviana, 588
polymorpha, 598
polyrhiza, 588
pseudoarenaria, 555
pseudolobata, 588
psoralioides, 600
ptychoclada, 589
puberula, 589
pubescens, 593
punensis, 590
pygmaea, 579
quispicanchensis, 590
Raimondii, 580
ramulosa, 560
Regnellii, 590
rhombeo-ovata, 601
rhombifolia, 595
rigidicaulis, 591
rosea, 562
rufescens, 582
Ruizii, 576
San-Miguelii, 591
saxatilis, 584
scandens, 566
sepalosa, 592
sepium, 569
septum var. glandulifera, 560
solarensis, 593
soldanelliflora, 555
somnians, 605
spiralis, 593
spiralis var. glandulosa, 594
Spruceana, 594
Staffordiana, 595
Sternbergii, 595
stricta var. europaea, 562
sublignosa, 594
suffruticosa, 598
tabaconasensis, 597
Tessmannii, 597
trichocalyx, 588
tuberosa, 598
tumbezensis, 573
urubambensis, 599
velutina, 599
villosula, 600
violacea, 569
Weberbaueri, 600
Williamsii, 601
yauliensis, 579
yungasensis, 562
Oxalis family, 544
Pacai, 23, 24, 263
Pacay, 14, 23, 40
amarillo, 23
del monte, 31
Paccai, 14
Pacha ckera, 494
Pacha-ckera, 475
Pachaco, 96
Pacha-lloqque, 507
Pachapacte, 144
Pachylobus, 716
peruvianus, 716
Pachyrrhizus, 294
angulatus, 294
990 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Pachyrrhizus erosus, 294
tuberosus, 294
Paddle-wood, 57
Pai-pai, 194
Pajarito, 619
Pajurro, 309
Pallar, 303
Palo de cruz, 133, 134
santo, 712
Panurea Ipngifolia, 246
Pao amarillo, 676
Papilionaceae, 228
Paracuuba, 220
Paramachaerium, 270
Parica, 102
Parivoa tomentosa, 123
Parkia, 110
auriculata, 111
decussata, 111
discolor, 111
igneiflora, 111
igneiflora f. aurea, 111
igneiflora f. aureiflora, 111
igneiflora f. purpurea, 111
igneiflora var. aurea, 111
inundabilis, 112
multijuga, 112
nitida, 112
oppositifolia, 112
pectinata, 111
pendula, 112
Ulei, 112
velutina, 113
Parkinsonia, 186
aculeata, 186
Parosela, 361
alopecuroides, 369
astragalina, 366
boliviano,, 365
caerulea, 366
calocalyx, 367
catatona, 367
cylindrica, 367
exilis, 368
Fieldii, 373
galbina, 369
leporina, 369
microphylla, 370
microphylla var. brevis, 370
myriadena, 371
pazensis, 372
Pennellii, 372
peruviana, 372
Sawadae, 373
Smithti, 374
sulfurea, 374
tnchocalyx, 375
vicina, 370
Weberbaueri, 375
Pasae, 14
Pasha quill a, 81
Pashaca, 137, 175
Pashacillol, 95
Pashaco, 78, 79, 82, 104, 107
Pashaguillo, 104
Pashaquilla, 63, 79, 94, 96
Pasha-quilla, 137
Pashigua, 309
Pasionaria, 217
Patagonium, 403
Pauccar, 598
Paujil-ruru, 762
Pauletia, 207
longifolia, 213
Pau mulato, 142
Paxjarito, 618
Pay pay, 194
Paza tullmasch, 601
Pea, cow, 293
garden, 353
Peanut, 409
Peiranisia biflora, 158
Pelargonium, 512
Peltogyne, 123
altissima, 124
Saradoxa, 124
a, 245
Pentaclethra filamentosa, 110
macroloba, 110
Persian lilac, 718
Petalostemon, 370
Pkaca triflorus, 402
Phaseolus, 294
adenanthus, 297
adenanthus var. caeduorum, 297
adenanthus var. latifolius, 297
adenanthus var. radicans, 297
appendiculatus, 298
atropurpureus, 298
atropurpureus var. canescens, 298
atropurpureus var. pseuderythroloma,
298
atropurpureus var. vestitus, 298
Augusti, 299
bolirianus, 299
bracteatus, 301
campestris, 299
Caracalla, 300
erythroloma, 300
fraternus, 301
heterophyllus, 301
hirsutus, 304
juruanus, 300
lasiocarpus, 304
lathyroides, 301
lathyroides var. semierectus, 301
latidenticulatus, 302
linearis, 302
longipedunculatus, 302
lunatus, 295, 302
megastylus, 303
pachyrrhizoides, 303
peduncularis, 304
peduncularis var. clitorioides, 304
991
Phaseolus pilosus, 304
polytylus, 305
revolutus, 305
Schottii, 300
Schottii var. campestris, 300
stipularis, 295
trichocarpus, 300
truxillensis, 297
vestitus, 298
vexillata, 293
vignoides, 320
vulgaris, 295, 305
Phellocarpus amazonum, 271
Phyllocarpus, 197
pterocarpus, 198
Riedelii, 198
Picapica, 313
Pichana, 158
Picipinto, 543
Picramnia, 694
caracasana, 697
connarioides, 698
corallodendron, 696
dolichobotrya, 701
eosina, 697
juniniana, 697
Killipii, 698
Krukovii, 698
Kunthii, 696
lineata, 699
macrqstachys, 699
magnifolia, 700
Martiana, 698, 701
Martiniana, 700
monninaefolia, 702
pendula, 702
Schunkei, 701
Sellowii, 702
Sellowii var. latifolia, 702
sphaerocarpa, 696
Spruceana, 702
tenuis, 702
Picrolemma, 690
Hubert, 691
pseudocoffea, 691
Sprucei, 691
Pilocarpus, 675
spicatus, 675
Pingahuisacha, 92
Piptadenia, 100
adiantoides, 101
adiantoides var. peruviana, 101
catenae for mis, 65
colubrina, 101
communis, 102
flava, 103
gonoacantha, 103
grata, 103
Killipii, 103
laxa, 101
macrocarpa, 103
opacifolia, 104
peregrina, 102
Poeppigii, 65, 101
psilostachya, 105
pteroclada, 104
pteroclada var. Klugii, 104
uaupensis, 101
viridiflora, 104
Weberbaueri, 105
Piscidia, 257
Pisho, 123
Pisnay, 310
Pisonay, 309, 310
Pisum sativum, 353
Pitaica, 222
Pithecellobium, 48
Pithecollobium, 48
Pithecolobium, 48
acreanum, 51
adenophorum, 51
adiantifolium, 63
amplum, 55, 61
angustifolium, 62
basijugum, 51
brevispicatum, 58
campestre, 56
candidum, 55
cauliflorum, 52
chazutense, 52
claviflorum, 52
coccineum, 53
coripatense, 60
corymbosum, 53
daulense, 56
discolor, 63
divaricatum, 54
dulce, 54
excelsum, 55
glomeratum, 58
guachapele, 54
inaequale, 55
inundatum, 6
Jupunba, 56
juruanum, 56
laetum, 56
latifolium, 57
leucophyllum, 57
lindseaefolium, 63
. longiflorum, 63
longifolium, 58
macrophyllum, 58
mangense, 59
marginatum, 54
martinianum, 58
Mathewsii, 59
microcalyx, 51, 57
multiflorum, 59
niopoides, 60
oriundum, 61
panurense, 54
polycarpum, 57
polycephalum, 61
Saman, 61
992 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Pithecolobium Saman var. acutifolia, 62
Schomburgkii, 65
simabaefolium, 63
sophorocarpum, 62
sophorocarpum var. angustifolium, 63
Spruceanum, 63
trapezifolia, 56
trinorum, 60
umbriflorum, 64
unifoliolatum, 69
Weberbaueri, 59
Planarium latisiliquum, 446
Plantigras, 292
Platycyamus, 350
Regnellii, 351
Ulei, 351
Platymiscium, 267
Duckei, 268
gracile, 268
pinnatum, 268
stipulare, 268
trinitatis, 268, 269
trinitatis var. nigrum, 268
Platypodium, 269
elegans, 269
elegans var. major, 269
viride, 269
Poa amarello, 655
Poecilanthe, 269
amazonica, 270
effusa, 252, 270
Poeppigia, 205
procera, 205
Poinciana, 195
Poinciana, 188
Gillesii, 192
insignis, 191
pulcherrima, 194
spinosa, 195
Poiretia, 407
scandens, 407
Poissonia, 386
eriantha, 387
orbicularis, 389
orbicularis var. mantaroana, 389
solanacea, 389
Polyembryum, 671
Jussieui, 672
Polygala, 892
acuminata, 895
alopecurus, 902
anatina, 896
andensis, 896
andina, 896
angustifolia, 897
aparinoides, 902
boliviensis, 901
brizoides, 897
brizoides var. latifolia, 897
camporum, 897
coridifplia, 897
corisioides, 897
deflorata, 893, 897
diversifolia, 910
formosa, 898
gigantea, 898
glochidiata, 900
gracilis, 900
grandifolia, 899
lanceolata, 935
Laureola, 896, 898, 899
leptocaulis, 902
longicaulis, 899
macerrima, 900
macrostachya, 900
Mathusiana, 901
nemoralis, 901, 903
orobus, 906
oxyphylla, 898
paludosa, 902
paniculata, 903
Pearcei, 904
peruviana, 903
platycarpa, 904
rivinaefolia, 896, 898
Ruiziana, 904
scleroxylon, 905
spectabilis, 898, 899, 905
translucida, 906
variabilis, 900
violacea, 906
Weberbaueri, 907
Weberbaueri var. dolichocarpa, 907
Polygalaceae, 891
Pomaria glauca, 187
Pongamia, 257, 258
Porlieria, 652
arida, 653
chilensis, 653
hygrometrica, 653
Lorentzti, 653
microphylla, 653
Steinbachii, 653
Porotillo, 398
Poroto, 295, 306, 309
silvestre, 354
Porrotps, 303
Portesia echinocarpa, 744
Possira arborescens, 223
Poupartia amazonica, 719
Pracuuba, 220
Prosopis, 108
chilensis, 109
juliflora, 109
limensis, 110
strombulifera, 109
Protium, 704
apiculatum, 705
Carana, 704
crassifolium, 714
glabrescens, 706
glaucum, 706
Klugii, 712
Llewelynii, 707
INDEX
993
Protium Martianum, 711
medianum, 707
neglectum, 708
paniculatum, 708
paniculatum var. pentamerum, 708
peruvianum, 708
puncticulatum, 709
sessiliflorum, 708
subserratum, 709
tenuifolium, 710
tenuifolium var. brevicalyx, 708
titubans, 711
trifoliolatum, 711
Pseudocassia spectabilis, 181
Pseudosamanea guachapele, 54
Pseudovouapa, 135
Psoralea, 358
carthaginensis, 375
divaricata, 359
Feather stonei, 361
glandulosa, 358
lasiostachys, 360
leporina, 369
lutea, 358
maleolens, 360
marginata, 360
mexicana, 359
mexicana var. maleolens, 360
mexicana var. Trianae, 360
munyensis, 360
Mutisti, 359
potens, 361
pubescens, 360
pubescens var. lasiostachys, 360
pubescens var. potens, 361
remotiflora, 360
Trianae, 360
Pterocarpus, 270
amazonicus, 271, 273
amazonum, 271
ancyclocalyx var. angustifolius, 272
frutescens, 287
lunatus, 283
officinalis, 272
ormosioides, 270
Rohrii, 271
rufescens, 272
santalinoides, 271, 272, 273
Ulei, 272
villosus, 272
violaceus, 272
Zehntneri, 272
Puca-afiu, 619
Puca-llaja, 645
Pumacuchu, 507
Puna-surpo, 403
Punga-huasca, 825
Purpleheart, 124
Purun poroto, 354
Puru-pagic-sacha, 895
Purutu, 295
Puspu-poroto, 339
Qualea, 875
acuminata, 878
albiflora, 876
amoena, 877, 878
calantha, 876
cakarata, 873
glabernma, 876
gracilior, 877
grandiflora, 877
impexa, 878
lancifolia, 877
macropetala, 878
paraensis, 878
parviflora, 879
Schomburgkiana, 877, 879
Tessmannii, 879
Quaruba, 875
Quassia, 692, 693
amara, 692
Quassia family, 689
Quera-quera, 489
Quilla Sisa, 865
Quillo-sisa, 175
Quillu-casha, 668
Quinoquino, 242
Quita yerba Santa, 860
Quito-ano, 618
Raia-caspi, 670
Raimondianthus, 445
platycarpus, 445
Raintree, 62
Ratafia, 507
Rauia, 682
resinosa, 682
Ulei, 683
Ravenia, 686
biramosa, 686
biramosa var. peruviana, 687
infelix, 687
polygalaecalyx, 687
Rchjillo, 539
Rebojillo, 529
Recordoxylon, 204
stenopetalum, 205
Relojito, 522
Remo-caspi, 57
Requia, 774
Retama, 173, 176, 180, 459
comun, 165
Retamilla, 176
Retamillo, 165, 172
Retamo, 652
Rhabdodendron amazonicum, 658
macrophyllum, 658
Rhadinocarpus brasiliensis, 446
Rhynchosia, 336
mantaroensis, 337
melanosticta, 337
minima, 338
phaseoloides, 338
poloensis, 337
994 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Rhynchosia pyramidalis, 338
reticulata, 337
Rhynchotheca, 541
integrifolia, 541
spinosa, 541
spinosa var. diversifolia, 541
spinosa var. integrifolia, 541
spinosa var. lobata, 541
Rhynchothelia, 541
Rifari, 749
Rittera triphylla, 223
Riveria nitens, 226
Robinia nicou, 263
striata, 255
Rosa de montana, 131
Rosea-shimbillo, 29
Rosewood, 285, 286
Roucheria, 628
calophylla, 628
humirii folia, 627
Ruagea, 752
Jelskiana, 764
microsepala, 752, 767
pilanthera, 769
Raimondii, 771
subviridiflora, 772
Tessmannii, 773
Weberbaueri, 775
Ruda, 688
Rufindi, 39
Runo-caspi, 864
Ruta, 687
chalepensis, 688
graveolens, 688
Rutaceae, 655
Sacha mangua, 641
Sacha-Ynoan, 859
Sacoglottis, 628
reticulata, 629
Uchi, 628
Salcca, 398
Saligua, 169
Samanea corymbosa, 53
multiflora, 59
polycephala, 61
Saman, 62
samaningua, 54
Sandarac tree, 660
Sani panga, 699
Sapallu, 598
Sapallu-anu, 619
Sapechihua, 180
Sapote-yaco, 746
Sapote yaru, 676
Sarcello, 834
Sassia tinctoria, 555
Sayigua, 171
Schinus Fagara, 665
Schizolobium, 185
amazonicum, 185
excelsum, 186
excelsum var. amazonicum, 185
parahybum, 186
Schmardaea, 726
microphylla, 726
Schnella, 207
longipetala, 216
microstachya, 214
Schrankia, 97
leptocarpa, 97
Schroeterella divaricata, 654
Schubert, Bernice G., 413
Sclerolobium, 199
amplifolium, 202
bracteosum, 202
chrysophyllum, 200
eriopetalum, 201, 202
Goeldianum, 201
guianense, 203
Herthae, 202
hypoleucum, 200
macropetalum, 203
melanqcarpum, 201
odoratissimum, 200
paniculatum, 201
paraense, 201
physophorum, 200
Radlkoferi, 203
rigidum, 201
setiferum, 202
tinctorium, 202
Uleanum, 202
Weberbaueri, 202
Sea-bean, 317
Seca, 255
Securidaca, 910
amazonica, 911
Coryiholobium, 912
decora, 911
diversifolia, 910
diversifolia var. mollis, 911
Hostmanni, 912
longifolia, 911
macrophylla, 911
mollis, 910
paniculata, 912
pubescens, 910
pubescens var. ovata, 910
rivinaefolia, 912
rivinaefolia var. parvifolia, 913
rivinaefolia var. seorsa, 913
volubilis, 289, 913
volubilis var. mollis, 910
Senegalia glomerosa, 77
Lehmannii, 79
multiflora, 59
paniculata, 81
polyphylla, 82
riparia, 82
tomentella, 80
Senn, Harold A., 454
Serrilla, 86
INDEX
995
Sesbania, 384
exasperata, 384
grandiflora, 384
sericea, 384
Sesban, 384
Shapilleja, 665
Shapilloja, 668
Shatona, 742
blanca, 226
Colorado, 646
Shillinto, 790
Shimbillo, 26, 31, 32, 39, 40, 44, 57, 139
Shunashut, 180
Shymbillo, 27
Simaba, 693
cedron, 693
guianensis, 693
multiflora, 693
paraensis, 694
Simarouba, 691, 692
amara, 692
amara var. opaca, 692
opaca, 692
Simaroubaceae, 689
Sinespina, 175
Singapore holly, 853
Siraricillo, 63
Soemmeringia semperflorens, 440
Sogouche, 398
Sohnreyia, 655
Soliman, 138
Sophora, 245
macrocarpa, 245
tetraptera, 245
tomentosa, 245
Soybean, 350
Spachea, 850
tricarpa, 850
Spartium, 458
junceum, 459
Stenocalyx involuta, 811
Stenolobium brachycarpum, 336
coeruleum, 336
velutinum, 336
Stephanopodium, 958
aptotum, 958
peruvianum, 958
Stigmaphyllon, 838
alternans, 841
auriculata, 844
bogotense, 840
bogotense f. renifolium, 841
brachiatum, 841
cardiophyllum, 842
convolvulifolium, 842
dichotomum, 842
echitoides, 843, 847
ellipticum, 843
fulgens, 844, 850
fulgens var. maynense, 844
Gayanum, 845
Gayanum var. prostratum, 845
Humboldtianum, 849
Kuhlmannii, 845
Lalandianum, 843
littorale, 839
Martianum, 848
maynense, 844
megacarpon, 846
peruvianum, 846
primaevum, 847
puberum, 847
rotundifolium, 849
Ruizianum, 840
strigosum, 848
tiliaefolium, 849
tomentosum, 839, 84-6
Stigmatophyllon, 839
Stigmatophyllum, 839
Stizolobium mapirense, 316
Storksbill, 539
Stryphnodendron, 105
floribundum, 106
guianense f. floribundum, 106
paniculatum, 101
pulcherrimum, 105
purpureum, 106
Stylosanthes, 410
diarthra, 411
gloiodes, 412
guianensis, 410
guianensis var. gracilis, 411
guianensis var. subviscosa, 411
leiocarpa, 411
nervosa, 411
psammophila, 412
scabra, 412
sympodialis, 412
viscosa, 411
Styracaceae, 950
Styrax, 949
Sugar-fruit, 126
Swartzia, 221
acuminata, 222
amplifolia, 222
aptera var. recurva, 226
arborescens, 223
calophylla, 224
cardiosperma, 224
crocea, 226
cuspidata, 226
grandiflora, 224
macrosema, 225
Matthewsii, 225
myrtifolia, 226
opacifolia, 226
pendula, 227
Schomburgkii, 226
simplex, 224
stipulifera, 223
Tessmannii, 227
triphylla, 223
Weberbaueri, 227
996 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Swietenia, 726
Krukovii, 727
macrophylla, 727
Mahogani, 718
Tessmannii, 727
Tachi, 126
branco, 129
Tachigalia, 126
alba, 129
carinata, 128
cavipes, 127
formicarum, 128
glauca, 127
grandiflora, 129
grandistipulata, 129, 130
macrostachya, 129
multijuga, 129, 130
myrmecophila, 127
paniculata, 129
paniculata var. cavipes, 127
polyphylla, 130
ptychophysca, 127
rigida, 128
rigida var. argentata, 128
Tessmannii, 130
Ulei, 130
Tachizeiro, 126
Taconcitos, 350
Talhui, 459
Tamarind, 130
Tamarindus, 130
indica, 131
Tanino, 196
Tapate, 95
Tapura, 958
amazonica, 959
amazonica var. ciliata, 961
capitulifera, 960
ciliata, 961
coriacea, 960
guianensis, 961
Juliani, 961
latifolia, 961
leucantha, 962
peruviana, 962
Taque, 80
Tara, 189, 196
spinosa, 196
Taralea, 250
cordata, 251
nudipes, 251
oppositifolia, 250
Tarhui, 493
Tarhui-tarhui, 357
Taya, 196
Tejesa, 850
Telepathin, 821, 824
Tephrosia, 382
cinerea, 382
cinerea var. littoralis, 383
glandulifera, 389
purpurea, 383
toxicaria, 383
Teramnus, 350
uncinatus, 350
volubilis, 350
Tetragastris, 713
altissima, 713
panamensis, 714
panamensis var. hirtella, 714
phanerosepala, 713
Tetrapteris, 799
acapulcensis, 801
acutifolia, 803
boliviensis, 811
boliviensis var. granatensis, 811
calophylla, 805
calophylla var. glabrifolia, 806
calophylla var. glabrior, 805
complicata, 802, 811
crebriflora, 806, 807
crebriflora var. dubia, 807
crispa, 801
crispa subsp. pseudotriopterys, 800
crispa var. Kunthiana, 802
crispa var. ovata, 802
crispa var. pseudotriopterys, 802
crispa var. punicans, 801
crispa var. subcordata, 802
crotonifolia, 805, 808
discolor, 803
discolor var. andina, 808
glabrifolia, 806
Guilleminiana, 804
includens, 811
Jamesonii, 804
Jamespnii var. Mortonii, 805
Juliani, 805
magnifolia, 805
maranhamensis, 803
mucronata, 806
mucronata var. crebrifolia, 807
multiglandulosa, 807
multiglandulosa var. peruviana, 808
nitida, 806
ovalifolia, 803
peruviana, 808
phlomoides, 808
phlomoides var. crotonifolia, 809
Poeppigiana, 809
Poeppigiana var. glandulifera, 810
rotundifolia, 808
squarrosa, 802, 811
stipulacea, 810
styloptera, 810
Thaco, 109
Thryallis glauca, 851
gracilis, 851
macroptera, 862
Thylacantha ferruginous, 198
Ticorea, 677
foetida, 678
longiflora, 678
INDEX
997
Timareo de altura, 889
Timbo, 263
amarillo, 265
branco, 263
curucu, 265
legitimo, 263
uassu, 267
urucu, 267
Tingui de cayenne, 384
Tipuana, 273
fusca, 274
Tirana barbasco, 384
Toi-llersha, 474
Toluifera Balsamum, 241
Tonka bean, 251, 252
Torch wood, 661
Torresia acreana, 243
cearensis, 243
Touri, 629
Trachylobium Martianum, 122
Trattinickia, 716
laxiflora, 716
peruviana, 717
Trebol, 452, 453
macho, 454
sylvestre, 332
Tree of heaven, 689
Tribulus, 648
cistoides, 648
maximus, 650
terrestris, 648
terrestris var. sericeus, 648
Trichilia, 729
alba, 738
alternans, 733
amplifolia, 733
Cardenasii, 734
echinocarpa, 744
Elsae, 735
Ernesti, 735
eurysepala, 736
flava, 737
S'gantophylla, 738
oudotiana, 743
grandifolia, 735
guayaquilensis, 738
guianensis, 739
guianensis var. parvifolia, 739
guianensis var. seorsa, 739
iquitosensis, 739
lanceolata, 740
LeCointei, 736
Macbrideana, 740
macrophylla, 741
maynasiana, 741
mazanensis, 742
microcarpa, 730
montana, 742
Moritzii, 736
oxyphylla, 730
pentandra, 748
peruviana, 743
Poeppigii, 744
Riedelii, 744
Ruiziana, 745
Schomburgkii, 740
septentrionalis, 737
sexanthera, 746
silvatica, 740
singularis, 746
solitudinis, 747
tarapotoana, 748
tocacheana, 748
tomentosa, 749
Ulei, 749
validinervia, 750
Weberbaueri, 751
Williamsii, 751
Trifolitos, 350
Trifolium, 448
amabile, 449
chiclense, 451
concinnum, 450
depauperatum, 448
filiforme var. dubium, 449
guianense, 410
hybridum, 451
macrorrhizum, 449
Matthewsii, 449
megalanthum, 450
melilotus indica, 453
peruvianum, 451
peruvianum var. chiclense, 451
pratense, 449
repens, 452
Weberbaueri, 451
Trigonia, 950
echiteifolia, 951
hypoleuca, 954
Killipii, 950
macrantha, 951
nivea, 952
parviflora, 952
sericea, 953
Spruceana, 953
yirens, 954
Trigoniaceae, 950
Trinchi-trinchi, 539
Trinitaria, 360
Triopteris, 800
discolor, 803
Triptolemea riparia, 290
Trompetero caspi, 715
Tropaeolaceae, 608
Tropaeolum, 608
adpressum, 616, 620
bicolor, 611
Buchenavianum, 612
Buchenavii, 612
ciliatum, 609
cirrhipes, 611
cochabambae, 612
crenatiflorum, 612
cuspidatum, 612
998 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Tropaeolum dipetalum, 613
flavipilum, 620
fulvum, 616
glaucum, 616
Haynianum, 613
Hieronymi, 612
huigrense, 617
Klotzschii, 612
Kuntzeanum, 612
Lobbianum, 617
longiflorum, 613
majus, 614
Matthewsii, 614
menispermifolium, 612
minus, 615
Moritzianum, 616
olmpsense, 615
papillosum, 616
peltophorum, 617
peltophorum var. calvum, 617
peregrinum, 617
pinnatum, 615
pubescens, 616
purpureum, 618
repandum, 616
Seemanni, 618
septemlobatum, 614, 618
Smithii, 619
stipulatum, 614
tuberosum, 598, 619
Vargasianum, 620
Weberbaueri, 620
Trophaeum, 609
Tucunari, 288
Tulipwood, 285
Tumbo, 171
Tupu-tupu, 539
Uacu, 250
Ualaja, 669
Uayrucu, 306, 310
Uchu-mullaca, 742, 745, 746
Ucsha-cuiro, 201
Ucsha-quiro, 40
Ujutillo, 521
Uleanthus erythrinoides, 246
Umiry, 631
Uiia de gato, 86, 665
Una-de-gato, 103
Unas de gato, 110
Urco, 921
Urcu-ynguina, 642
Uscopacay, 31
Vachellia farnesiana, 11
Vaina, 211
Valajol, 669
Vantanea, 631
cupularis, 631
minor, 632
peruviana, 632
tuberculata, 631
Vatairea, 270, 273
fusca, 274
Vataireopsis, 270, 273
speciosa, 274
Vejuco bravo, 838
Vexillifera, 244
micranthera, 244
Vicia, 355
acerosa, 356
andicola, 355
andicola var. galbina, 355
andicola var. Matthewsii, 355
bidentata, 356
Faba, 356
graminea, 356
graminea var. grata, 357
graminea var. Lessoni, 357
grata, 356, 357
Leyboldi, 356
linearifplia, 358
lomensis, 357
magellanica, 357
Matthewsii, 355
Matthewsii var. Lessoni, 357
Vigna, 292
brachystachys, 292
Catjang, 293
luteola, 292
marina, 293
repens, 292
unguiculata, 293
vexillata, 293
Vilca, 102, 103
Vinagrillo, 562
Vochisia, 880
Vochy, 880
Vochya, 880
Vochysia, 879
biloba, 882
boliviana, 884
Braceliniae, 883
citrifolia, 883
costata, 889
densissima, 884, 891
diyersa, 884
eximia, 885
ferruginea, 885
grandis, 886
Haenkeana, 886
Haenkeana var. microphylla, 886
Haenkeana var. Sprucei, 886
ingens, 886
Leguiana, 887
Lehmannii, 888
lomatophylla, 888
majuscula, 889
mapirensis, 889
obscura, 890
obscura var. Juliani, 890
pachyantha, 887
Pinkusii, 887
retusa, 882, 883
INDEX
999
Vochysia Sprucei, 890
vismiaefolia, 884, 891
vismiaefolia var. densissima, 884
Weberbaueri, 889
Vochysiaceae, 872
Vogelocassia leiophylla, 172
Vouacopoua inermis, 255
retusa, 256
Vouapa, 135
bifolia, 137
chrysostachya, 138
Wairuru, 207
Walaja, 666
Wallaceodendron, 60
Weberbauerella, 408
brongniartioides, 408
Wenderothia, 317
lasiocalyx, 320
Willca, 102
Wuiso, 294
Xanthoxalis corniculata, 561
Yacu-pashaca, 63
Yage, 825
Yage\ 828
del monte, 829
Yagem, 821, 824
Yam-bean, 294
Yana-anu, 619
Yana-huira, 174
Yara, 109
Yarilla, 654
Yaspo, 294
Yauri-yauri, 539
Yechenor, 771
Yerba de la lancha, 100
Yndano, 865
Yopo, 100
Yumanaza, 266
Yurac-anu, 619
Yutabanco, 643
Zanthoxylum, 662
acreanum, 664
aculeatissimum, 668
affine, 663
amoyense, 666
Culantrilo, 664
Fagara, 665
juniperinum, 665
macrospermum, 666
mantaranum, 666
mantaro, 666
obscurum var. Ruizianum, 667
quinduense, 666
rhoiifolium, 668
rhotifolium var. sessiUfolium, 667
Riedelianum, 666
rigidum, 669
Ruizianum, 667
spinifex, 670
Sprucei, 668
tumbezanum, 669
valens, 669
Weberbaueri, 670
Zollernia, 220
Zornia, 413
diphylla, 413
Zygia cauliflora, 52
latifolia, 57
longifolia, 58
Zygophyllaceae, 647
Zygophyllum Retama, 652
NtLUIANA, BUTANYJCHICAGO
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