-500.5-
TB
BOTANICAL SERIES
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
FOUNDED BY MARSHALL FIELD, 1893
VOLUME XIII
FLORA OF PERU
PART VI, No. 2
BY
J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE
ASSOCIATE CURATOR, HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
B. E. DAHLGREN
CHIEF CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
EDITOR
PUBLICATION 393
CHICAGO, U.S.A.
OCTOBER 29, 1937
BOTANICAL SERIES
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
FOUNDED BY MARSHALI Fi j.,
VOLUME XIII
FLORA OF PERU
PART VI, No. 2
BY
J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE
ASSOCIATE CURATOR, HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
B. E. DAHLGREN
CHIEF CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OP BOTANY
EDITOR
PUBLICATION 393
CHICAGO, U.S.A.
OCTOBER 29, 1937
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OP AMERICA
BY FIELD MUSEUM TRESS
FLORA OF PERU
J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE
PLANTAGINACEAE. Plantain Family
By R. Pilger
Reference: Pflanzenreich IV. 269. 1937.
Annual or perennial herbs, or suffrutescent; leaves mostly
rosulate, alternate, or rarely (in subgenus Psyllium) opposite.
Flowers in axillary spikes, solitary in the axils of sessile bracts.
Sepals 4, alternating with the bracts. Corolla scarious, actino-
morphic, with a short tube and 4 mostly expanded or reflexed lobes.
Stamens 4, the filaments slender, the anthers versatile. Ovary
superior, 2-celled or in Bougueria 1-celled, the ovules 1-many in
each cell ; style 1 ; stigma simple. Fruit a transversely circumscissile
capsule or in Bougueria a 1-seeded, indehiscent nutlet. Species about
250, dispersed throughout the world.
Capsule at maturity circumscissile at the middle or below, the
upper portion deciduous; seeds 2-many 1. Plantago.
Fruit an indehiscent nutlet with 1 curved seed 2. B&ugueria.
1. PLANTAGO L.
For diagnosis see the description of the family.
Key to subgenera and sections
Leaves alternate, mostly rosulately congested.
Subgenus I. Euplantago Harms.
Ovules and seeds always 2, rather large, the hilum side concave.
Anterior sepals connate; peduncles sulcate; bracts elongate,
narrowed Sect. 6. Arnoglossum.
Anterior sepals free; peduncles not at all sulcate; bracts obtuse
or little narrowed; leaves linear. . . . Sect. 5. Leucopsyllium.
Ovules 3-many.
Ovules (6-)8-many; seeds angled; rhizome short; leaves con-
spicuously petioled; spikes elongate. . .Sect. 1. Polyneuron.
Ovules 4 or more; stems simple or multiparted, cespitose or
forming cushions; peduncles short to nearly obsolete, the
spikes few-flowered or the flowers reduced to 1.
Sect. 4. Oliganthos.
265
266 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Ovules 3; seeds flat on the hilum face; flowers open (mostly the
staminate) or closed, the corolla tube of the closed flowers
short; anthers minute; annuals or perennials, not at all or
scarcely branched, with lanceolate to elliptic leaves.
Sect. 2. Novorbis.
Ovules 3-4; seeds plane; flowers open or closed; bracts very
broad; anterior and posterior sepals little diverse; plants
small, with short, thick rhizomes Sect. 3. Oreophytum.
Leaves opposite. .Subgenus II. Psyllium Harms; Sect. 7. Psyllium.
Sect. 1. Polyneuron Dene, in DC. Prodr. 13, pt. 1: 694. 1852.
A single species in Peru P. major.
Sect. 2. Novorbis (incl. Cleisantha) Dene, in DC. Prodr. 13, pt. 1:
724. 1852.
Plants small, annual, with slender, rather elongate roots.
Bracts triquetrous-lanceolate; leaves lanceolate, rather thin.
P. myosuros.
Bracts ovate; leaves oblanceolate, somewhat rigid. . .P. humilior.
Plants larger, perennial or sometimes flowering the first year;
primary root usually disappearing ultimately.
Rhizome short.
Posterior sepals rotund-ovate, obtuse; leaf teeth often bidenti-
culate P. Durvillei.
Posterior sepals broadly ovate or rotund-ovate, abruptly
pointed; leaves scarcely denticulate P. hirtella.
Rhizome relatively elongate P. oreades.
Sect. 3. Oreophytum Dene, in DC. Prodr. 13, pt. 1: 644. 1852.
A single species in Peru P. Orbignyana.
Sect. 4. Oliganthos Barne"oud, Monogr. Plantag. 17. 1845.
Sepals connate below; plants not pulvinate P. tubulosa.
Sepals free; plants pulvinate P. rigida.
Sect. 5. Leucopsyllium Dene, in DC. Prodr. 13, pt. 1 : 704. 1852.
Plants annual, small, stemless.
Bracts about half as long as the calyx, roundish-ovate; leaves
filiform P. Macbridei.
Bracts two- thirds as long as the calyx, ovate; leaves linear-lanceo-
late or lanceolate . . .P. limensis.
FLORA OF PERU 267
Plants perennial, sometimes suffruticose.
Corolla lobes shortly narrowed from a broad base, shortly acute or
apiculate-acute.
Plants strongly ligneous or shrubby, the branches thick; pe-
duncles shorter than or about equaling the leaves.
P. polyclada.
Plants stemless or little branching, glabrous or sparsely pilose.
Bracts broadly rounded above P. amblyacme.
Bracts elliptic-ovate, narrowed above P. linearis.
Corolla lobes obtusely rounded, often emarginate, rarely narrower
and narrowed but never acute.
Plants definitely ligneous to suffrutescent, the branches more or
less elongate.
Peduncles rather elongate; leaves very narrowly linear; plants
laxly branched P. sericea.
Peduncles short; leaves to 2 mm. wide; plants densely cespi-
tose P. extensa.
Plants less ligneous, sparsely or shortly cespitose-branched.
Leaves only 3-8 mm. long; peduncles extremely short, the
spikes strongly reduced P. Godeti.
Leaves longer.
Peduncles conspicuously and densely villous-tomentose, the
spikes slightly pilose P. tarratothrix.
Peduncles variously pubescent but the indument less
developed.
Leaves spatulate-linear, silky- villous; plants diminutive.
P. lamprophylla.
Leaves linear to very narrowly linear.
Leaves glabrescent, with some long, fine hairs below,
subfiliform; peduncles to 20 cm. long. . P. congesta.
Leaves, at least the younger, densely pilose; peduncles
short.
Sepals lance-ovate or the posterior elliptic-ovate;
leaves very narrow, densely silky-pubescent;
plants small P. Weberbaueri.
Sepals broader.
Leaves nearly filiform, flexuous and reflexed in
drying, silky- villous P. compsophylla.
268 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Leaves narrowly linear, not at all flexuous, mostly
finally glabrescent, usually sulcate above.
P. monticola.
Sect. 6. Arnoglossum Dene, in DC. Prodr. 13, pt. 1: 714. 1852.
One species adventive in Peru P. lanceolata.
Sect. 7. Psyllium Dene, in DC. Prodr. 13, pt. 1: 733. 1852.
One species adventive in South America P. Psyllium.
Plantago amblyacme Pilger, Repert. Sp. Nov. 15: 421. 1919.
Perennial, the rhizome short or very short, with one many-
leaved rosette or several densely aggregate ones; leaves somewhat
coriaceous, narrowly linear-lanceolate, glabrous or the younger ones
sparsely villous, 8-13 cm. long, 2.5-3.5 mm. wide; inflorescences
few, the erect peduncles 10-22 cm. long, the short, cylindraceous,
dense spikes 2-3.5 cm. long; bracts attaining three-fourths the
length of the calyx, elliptic, broadly rounded at the tip, 2.5-3 mm.
long, with prominent, broad keel; sepals 3 mm. long, the anterior
obovate, emarginate, the posterior rotund-elliptic, concave, strongly
keeled; corolla lobes rotund-ovate, minutely apiculate, slightly
brownish-spotted at the base, 2.5 mm. long.
Piura: Cordillera west of Huancabamba, 3,200 meters, Weber-
bauer 6047, type.
Plantago compsophylla Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 644. 1906. P.
congesta R. & P. ex Pilger, op. cit. 62: 77. 1928, non P. congesta
R. &P. Fl. 1:51. 1798.
A perennial with rather slender root, short, lignescent, simple
or shortly branching stem, and densely congested leaves, these at
first erect, flexing or reflexing in age, narrowly linear, 6-10 cm. long,
ashy white with a silky- villous indument; inflorescences few, the
peduncles 11-15 cm. long; bracts two-thirds as long as the calyx,
broadly ovate, obtuse, minutely villous; sepals 3 mm. long, gla-
brescent, the anterior obovate-elliptic, strongly carinate, the broadly
elliptic posterior ones with thick, rather narrow keel; corolla lobes
broadly ovate, obtuse, 2.5 mm. long, with broad, concurrent, brown
striae from the base nearly to the tip. Neg. 14155.
Junin: Mountain east of Palca, 2,700-3,000 meters, Weberbauer
2448, type; 248.
Plantago congesta R. & P. Fl. 1: 51. pi 79. 1798. P. Dombeyi
Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 62: 76. 1928.
FLORA OF PERU 269
A stout-rooted perennial with short, densely congested, ligneous
branches or more or less laxly branched, ligneous stems; leaves
crowded at the tips of the branches, somewhat rigid, straight or
arcuate, very narrowly linear, flat, 5-11 cm. long, to 1.5 mm. wide,
hairy, especially below, with long to very long trichomes; peduncles
8-25 cm. tall, long-pubescent toward the base, the short-cylindric
spike 2 cm. long; bracts about two-thirds as long as the calyx,
ovate, 3-4 mm. long, the back above slightly short-villous, the
keel rather narrow; sepals 3-4 mm. long, the anterior narrowly
elliptic, the posterior ovate to rotund-elliptic; corolla lobes ovate,
obtuse, with brunnescent spots and nearly percurrent striae, 2.5-
3.5 mm. long; seeds brown, 3 mm. long. Ruiz and Pavon give the
type locality as Province of Tarma, in the hills about Huichay,
Morocamcha, and Camcham; in their collections at Madrid is a
specimen labeled simply "Tarma." Negs. 29599, 14156.
Ancash: Between Samanco and Huaraz, 3,000-3,500 meters,
Weberbauer 8152. Lima: Stony places, 2,700 meters, Matucana,
340. Rio Blanco, 3,600 meters, 689. Huanuco: Stony slope,
Yanahuanca, 3,300 meters, 1240. Without locality, Dombey (Herb.
Kunth).
Plantago Durvillei Del. ex Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort.
Bot. Petrop. 3: 45. 1837; Linnaea 12: Litt. Ber. 105. 1838. P.
pachyneura Steud. ex Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 62: 17. 1928.
Leaves narrowly elliptic, above mostly shortly widened, either
broadly cuneate or arcuately narrowed, below usually narrowed
into a short, rather broad petiole, generally conspicuously dentate,
the teeth often bi denticulate; spikes dense above; bracts lance-
elliptic or ovate-elliptic; anterior sepals elliptic or obovate-elliptic,
the posterior ones rotund-ovate or nearly rotund; seeds 3, elliptic,
2 mm. long or slightly longer.
The species extends from Chile to southern Peru, appearing
again in California, with scattered localities in Ecuador and Mexico.
Plantago Durvillei Del. subsp. Pflanzii Pilger, comb. nov. P.
Pflanzii Pilger, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 261. 1912. P. pachy-
neura Steud. subsp. Pflanzii Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 62: 18. 1928.
Root usually not at all evolute; leaves to 20 (-30) cm. long,
slightly or conspicuously dentate, more or less short-villous, often
rather white-ciliate marginally; peduncles stout, the spikes elongate;
bracts and sepals ciliolate, the latter 3 mm. long.
270 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Lima: Matucana, 2,400 meters, 181, 397. Huanuco: Moist
places, Mito, 3,000 meters, 1428. Cuzco: Sacsahuaman, 3,200 meters,
Herrera207. Cultivated lands, Cuzco, Herrera 292. "Sackarara."
Plantago Durvillei var. grandidens Pilger, comb. nov. P.
Pflanzii Pilger, var. grandidens Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 50: 267. 1913.
P. pachyneura Steud. subsp. Pflanzii Pilger, var. grandidens Pilger,
op. cit. 62: 19. 1928. P. rectirostris Wallr. ex. Walp. Nov. Act.
Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol. 19, Suppl. 1: 401. 1843.
Leaves broader, elliptic or even broadly elliptic, 5-8, rarely
8-15 cm. long, most often prominently and irregularly dentate;
peduncles 7-19 cm. long, the spikes 4-19 cm. long.
Lima: Southwest of Matucana, 2,500 meters, Weberbauer 172.
Puno: Meyen.
Plantago extensa Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 644. 1906.
A perennial with a thick, woody root, the short, stout branches
congested into low, dense mats; leaves rigid, narrowly linear, 3-7
(-10) cm. long, to 2.5 mm. wide, densely ashy-silky-pilose; peduncles
mostly shorter than the leaves, the rather few-flowered spikes 1-1.5
(to nearly 2) cm. long; bracts silky- villous, triquetrous-ovate, 3
mm. long; sepals villous, 4 mm. long, the anterior ones elliptic,
the posterior ones broadly or roundish elliptic; corolla lobes rotund-
ovate or rotund-elliptic, 3 mm. long, with deep brown striae from
base to tip. Neg. 14157.
Junin: Between Tarma and La Oroya, 3,600-4,200 meters,
Weberbauer 2557, type. Valle de Tarma, Nov. 29, 1863, Isern.
Stony slope, La Oroya, 4,000 meters, 977.
Plantago Godeti Beauverd, Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve II. 14: 181.
/. 14. 1923; Pilger, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 10: 835. 1929.
Young plants forming little cushions, the adult ones becoming
laxly branched, diminutive shrubs about 8 cm. high; branches
densely clothed with the remains of the sheaths; leaves congested
at the tips of the branches, only 3-8 mm. long, thickish, densely
pubescent with a white-ashy-silky indument; spikes almost obsoletely
pedunculate, greatly reduced, only 2-flowered; bracts rotund-ovate,
3 mm. long; sepals nearly 3 mm. long, the anterior ones obovate-
elliptic, the posterior ones rotund-obovate; corolla lobes ovate,
shortly narrowed, 2 mm. long.
Huancavelica: At about 4,000 meters, Huaron, Godet, type.
Ancash: Pueblo east of Huaraz, on dry, stony slopes, 3,150 meters,
2503.
FLORA OF PERU 271
Plantago hirtella HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 229. 1818, emend.
Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 50: 274. 1913.
Rhizome short, the root soon disappearing; leaves rosulate, 10-12,
rather thin, narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovate-elliptic, 8-25 (-30)
cm. long, 3.5-6 cm. broad, subentire or somewhat denticulate, sub-
glabrous or villous; spikes few, slender, lax below, 12-25 cm. long,
the peduncles 12-30 cm. high; bracts narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 2.5
mm. long, sparsely pubescent with short trichomes, thick-keeled;
sepals 2.2-2.7 mm. long, the anterior ones narrowly elliptic, bluntly
carinate, the posterior ones broadly ovate or rotund-ovate, abruptly
narrowed apically, the keel more or less acute; flowers closed or open,
the lobes of the closed ones narrowly ovate, acutish, 2.7 mm. long,
those of the open ones ovate or broadly ovate, 2.2-2.5 mm. long; seeds
3, elliptic, brownish olive or obscurely brown, 1.2-1.7 mm. long. The
area of distribution for the species extends from southern Brazil,
Paraguay, and Argentina through the Andes to Mexico.
Huanuco: Montana, Muiia, 2,100 meters, 3912. Northwest of
Mito, 3,300 meters, grassy uplands, 1932. Cuzco: Valle de San
Miguel, 2,000 meters, Herrera 1987. At 950 meters, in 1931, Biles.
Huasao, 3,200 meters, edge of an irrigating ditch, Herrera 3018.
Cuzco, Soukup 256. Puno: Cancharani, Soukup 39. "Llante*n,"
"huacac-coallon. ' '
Plantago humilior Pilger, nom. nov. P. humilis Dene, in DC.
Prodr. 13, pt. 1: 724. 1852; Pilger, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 10:
831. 1929, non P. humilis Jan.
Plants small, with a slender root and thickish, rather rigid,
oblanceolate leaves to 4-5 cm. long, sparsely pilose to nearly glabres-
cent; peduncles short, with the very short spike shorter than the
leaves, or the spike sometimes to 2 cm. long; bracts ovate or broadly
ovate; sepals 2 mm. long, the anterior elliptic, the posterior rotund;
corolla lobes ovate, 1.2-1.7 mm. long; seeds 3, pale olivaceous or
brown, usually narrowly elliptic, 1.7-2 mm. long.
Lima: Canta, 3,100 meters, bare, rocky slope, Pennell 14592.
Puno: Chuquibambilla, 4,000 meters, Pennell 13374', ledges of lime-
stone rock, 3,900 meters, Pennell 13404- Bolivia.
Plantago lamprophylla Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 645. 1906.
A low perennial with abbreviated, simple or little branched
stems and small, dense, many-leaved rosettes; leaves thickish,
spatulate-linear, 1-few, more than 2 cm. long, above to 2.5 mm. wide,
densely whitish or yellowish sericeous-villous, finally more or less
272 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
glabrescent; inflorescences rather many, the peduncles about equaling
the leaves, the small, ovoid-globose or globose spikes 5-7 mm. long;
bracts ovate, about equaling the calyx, 4 mm. long, long-hirsute-
villous; sepals 3-4 mm. long, copiously hirsute- villous, the anterior
ones narrowly obovate-elliptic with thick keel, the posterior ones
elliptic, the keel rather narrow; corolla lobes ovate-lanceolate, sub-
acute, 2.2 mm. long; capsule broad, rounded apically; seeds brown,
slightly shining, 2.5 mm. long. Illustrated, Weberbauer, 204. Neg.
14161.
Lima: Casapalca, 5,000 meters, loose soil, 841- Alpamina silver
mine, 4,500 meters, Weberbauer 5128. Junin: In mats, Yauli, 4,400
meters, Weberbauer 292, type. In limestone between Tarma and
La Oroya, 4,000 meters, Weberbauer 2537.
Plantago lamprophylla var. humillima Pilger, loc. cit.
Tiny, the densely crowded leaves never exceeding 1 cm. in length,
densely golden- or white-silky- villous; peduncles to 1 cm. long, or
the spikes sometimes nearly subsessile; bracts broadly ovate, 3.5 mm.
long; sepals 3 mm. long.
Junin: La Oroya, 4,300 meters, Weberbauer 2603. Puno: Huan-
cayo, 4,700 meters, Kittip & Smith 22092.
Plantago lanceolata L. Sp. PL 113. 1753.
Commonly occurring in Europe, this species is widely adventive
in South America. It is the source of an ingredient found sometimes
in cough drops, and an extract of the plant is often employed as a
gargle. P. major L. has the same properties.
Lima: Chosica, 900 meters, bank of irrigation ditch, 516.
"Llant&i."
Plantago limensis Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 139. 1805. P. hirsuta
R. & P. Fl. 1: 51. pi. 78. 1798, non P. hirsuta Gilib.
An acaulescent annual with a slender root and few to many
rosulate leaves, these linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, 3-11 cm. long,
slightly undulate or remotely and obtusely denticulate, ashy with a
somewhat sericeous, villous-lanigerous indument, the younger parts
even floccosely lanigerous-tomentose; peduncles 4-19 cm. long, the
short, cylindric spike to 6 cm. long; bracts about two-thirds as long
as the calyx, ovate or triangular-ovate, strongly carinate like the
sepals, these 4 mm. long, the anterior ones narrowly elliptic, the
posterior ones narrower, elliptic, concave; corolla lobes narrow,
linear-elliptic, acutish; seeds lustrous, obscurely fulvous, 3 mm. long.
Neg. 14162.
FLORA OF PERU 273
Lima: Lurin, Mathews. Huanuco: Dombey. Junin: Tarma,
Ruiz & Pav6n. Arequipa: Hills near Islai, Isern (det. Madrid).
Mollendo, sandy places, loma, Weberbauer 1459.
Plantago limensis f. tenuior Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 62: 45. 1928.
Slender, with narrow leaves 11-12 cm. long and 1-3 mm. broad,
less copiously pubescent; peduncles to 17 cm. long, the spike few-
flowered or to 2 cm. long.
Lima: Stony slope, Chosica, Weberbauer 5344- Stony slopes,
2,700 meters, Huaitara, Weberbauer 5417.
Plantago limensis f. minima Pilger, loc. cit.
Diminutive, the nearly filiform leaves little rosulate, 2-4 cm.
long; spikes 1-2, the slender peduncles 4-6 cm. long, the spike
2-4-flowered.
Arequipa: Tambo near Mollendo, in the loma, Weberbauer 1577a.
Plantago Hnearis HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 229. 1818. P.
luzuloidea Dene, in DC. Prodr. 13, pt. 1: 710. 1852. P. Barneoudii
Dene. loc. cit.
Stem extremely short, from a rather slender root; leaves densely
rosulate, moderately rigid, narrowly linear, 4 to about 10 cm. long,
glabrescent or with a few white or whitish hairs; peduncles 6-11 cm.
long, long-pubescent below, above, especially below the spike,
hirsute- villous; spikes dense, to 2 cm. long; bracts cuneately narrowed
from the ovate base, obtuse, lightly villous, with a broad, thick keel ;
sepals 2.5 mm. long, apically a little villous, the anterior ones obovate-
elliptic, with a thick, broad keel, the posterior ones rotund-elliptic;
corolla lobes rotund-ovate, 2 mm. long, obscurely spotted basally;
capsule ellipsoid, the seeds oval, purplish brown, 2.5 mm. long.
The typical form of the species extends from Colombia to Peru; the
species, sens, lat., ranges from Mexico to northern Argentina. Neg.
14163.
Huanuco: Mito, open, stony slope, 3,000 meters, 3358, 1804.
Tambo de Vaca, 4,300 meters, 4375. Puno: Agapata, Lechler 1821.
Plantago Macbridei Pilger, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 10: 832.
1929.
A small annual with a slender root; leaves few, subrosulate,
extremely narrow or filiform by the incurved margins, 3-6 cm. long,
0.5 mm. in diameter, glabrous; spike solitary, the slender peduncle
finely pubescent, 5-11 cm. long, mostly with only 2 flowers; bracts
274 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
reaching about the middle of the calyx, broadly rotund, 2 mm. long;
sepals 2.5 mm. long, glabrescent, the anterior ones broadly obovate,
with a rather narrow keel, the posterior ones subrotund; corolla
lobes narrowly ovate, narrowed, 2 mm. long; capsule ellipsoid, the
dull, not at all lustrous seeds purplish brown, 2-2.3 mm. long.
Lima: Steep, stony slope, 2,600 meters, 478, type.
Plantago major L. Sp. PI. 112. 1753.
Plants medium-sized or larger, the ovate, more or less dentate
leaf blades rounded at the base, 10-17 cm. long, the teeth small to
large; petioles to 20 cm. long; peduncles 7-25 cm. long, the spike
4-13 cm. long, usually lax toward the base. This description is for
var. paludosa Be"guinol, subvar. incisa Pilger, adventive in Peru, as
the Tessmann collection. Cf. P. lanceolata L. for medicinal use.
Loreto : Middle Rio Ucayali, Tessmann 31 81 . Iquitos, 120 meters,
Williams 3577. Fortaleza, 200 meters, Williams 4325. San Martin:
San Roque, 1,400 meters, Williams 7755, 6928, 7146.Cuzco:
Machupicchu, Herrera 3199. A plant of Old World origin, widely
naturalized in America. "Llante'n."
Plantago monticola Dene, in DC. Prodr. 13, pt. 1: 711. 1852.
A small or diminutive perennial, the flowering stems of the
younger plants short and simple, becoming woody and densely to
nearly pulvinately branched; leaves many, densely congested,
narrowly linear, 2-11 cm. long, sulcate above by the recurving
margins, the younger ones more or less densely white- or rather
yellowish-silky-pilose, finally glabrescent or nearly so or in the
groove somewhat pilose; peduncles 2-10 cm. long, the short spike
ovate to short-cylindric; bracts two-thirds to three-fourths the
length of the calyx, broadly ovate, 3 mm. long, lightly villous or
glabrescent; anterior sepals elliptic or broadly elliptic, slightly
villous, the keel thick; posterior sepals rotund-elliptic, the keel
definitely narrow; corolla lobes ovate, obtuse, 2-2.7 mm. long;
seeds dark reddish brown, 2.5 mm. long. Neg. 14166.
The type, from the Puno region, is Weddell 4507. The species
is especially common in Bolivia and extends to northern Argentina
and northern Chile; in Peru are several aberrant forms.
Plantago monticola Dene, subsp. sericans Pilger, Bot. Jahrb.
62: 80. 1928.
Leaves 5-12 cm. long, 1-1.5 (rarely to 3) mm. wide, retaining
a rather dense, white or yellowish, silky indument; bracts more or
less densely villous; sepals villous above, 3 mm. long.
FLORA OF PERU 275
Puno: Araranca, 4,100 meters, rocky, siliceous slope, Pennell
13449, 13467. Northern Argentina; Bolivia.
Plantago monticola subsp. Herrerai Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 62:
81. 1928.
Larger, becoming densely cespitose; bracts narrowly ovate,
3.5-3.7 mm. long, moderately villous; sepals 3.5-4 mm. long, densely
villous; corolla lobes 2-2.7 mm. long. Illustrated, Herrera, Estudios
Fl. Cuzco, two pis. opp. p. 172. "Fchsu-i'chsu."
Plantago monticola var. maiuscula Pilger, loc. cit.
Finally densely cespitose, the leaves more or less minutely silky-
villous or in age glabrescent, to 15 cm. long; inflorescences numerous,
the more or less erect peduncles to 20 cm. tall.
Cuzco: About Cuzco, Herrera 174', at 3,600 meters, Herrera
3400. Valle del Paucartambo, 3,500 meters, Herrera 1827.
Plantago monticola var. maxima Pilger, loc. cit.
Root woody, to 1 cm. thick; branches very short, densely fas-
ciculate, thus forming large, extremely compact mats; leaves con-
volute from the margins, 1-1.5 mm. broad, or expanded to 2.5 mm.
broad, to 20 cm. long, with a fine, close, lustrous but rather plentiful,'
ashy villosity, at length glabrescent; inflorescences many, the
peduncles 15-25 cm. long.
Cuzco: Near Cuzco, 3,700-3,900 meters, Herrera 488.
Plantago monticola subsp. crispula Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 62:
81. 1928.
Comparatively small, the leaves only 2-4 cm. long, more or less
densely short- villous, slightly lustrous, finally glabrate; peduncles
2-4 cm. long, the spikes small.
Arequipa: Arequipa, 2,200-2,500 meters, Guenther & Buchtien
2002, 2011, 2013. Bolivia and northern Chile.
The species is employed in popular medicine as a diuretic and
blood purifier (Herrera).
Plantago myosuros Lam. 111. Gen. 1: 342. 1791.
Small or nearly tiny plants with slender, fusiform roots and
usually numerous rosulate, lanceolate leaves, these 4-10 (-15) cm.
long, 4-20 mm. wide, subentire or dentate, more or less sparsely
villous; peduncles 4-15 cm. long, the slender spikes 4-15 cm. long;
bracts subequaling the calyx, narrowly triquetrous-lanceolate, pubes-
cent with rigid, spreading hairs, conspicuously thick-carinate; sepals
276 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
similarly pubescent, 2-2.5 mm. long, the anterior narrowly elliptic,
the posterior broadly ovate or rotund-ovate; flowers closed or open,
the lobes narrowly ovate or ovate; seeds 3, commonly narrowly
elliptic, pale or dark brown-olive, 1.2-1.5 mm. long.
Lima: Matucana, 2,600 meters, on rock walls, 120. Rio Blanco,
5,000 meters, 780. Junin: Huancayo, 3,300 meters, Killip & Smith
22038. Widely distributed in southern Brazil, Uruguay, and Argen-
tina.
Plantago myosuros var. parviflora Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 50:
247. 1913.
Leaves lanceolate, small, conspicuously dentate; bracts 2-2.5
mm. long; sepals 1.7-2 mm. long; flowers closed or open.
Huanuco: Maria del Valle, on dry hill, 2,100 meters, 3550.
Plantago Orbignyana Steinh. ex Dene, in DC. Prodr. 13,
pt. 1:704. 1852.
Rhizome short, thick, the root rather elongate; leaves more or
less numerous, rosulate, narrowly ovate-elliptic or narrowly elliptic,
obtuse, narrowed to a short petiole, 2-6 cm. long, the margins
slightly undulate or distinctly and irregularly dentate, glabrescent
above, villous beneath or short- villous on both sides; peduncles to
5-6 cm. long, the densely flowered spikes to about 1.5 cm. long;
bracts broadly ovate, obtusely concave, more or less ciliate, 2.2-3
mm. long; sepals glabrous, 2-2.5 mm. long, the anterior ones elliptic
or broadly elliptic, the posterior ones rotund-ovate or rotund;
flowers closed or open, the small, ovate lobes 1-1.2 mm. long; seeds
3-4, dark olivaceous, narrowly elliptic, 2-2.5 mm. long.
Junin: Between Tarma and Jauja, 4,500 meters, Killip & Smith
219? '4. Arequipa: Arequipa, Guenther & Buchtien 1737. Puno:
Chuquibambilla, 3,900 meters, Pennell 13374a. Without locality,
Meyen. Southern Peru: Weddell. Northern Argentina; Bolivia.
Plantago Orbignyana var. lasiantha Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 50:
284. 1913.
Leaves more villous, little dentate; peduncles to 9 cm. long;
spikes lax at the base, nearly 3 cm. long; bracts long-villous-ciliate,
sparsely villous on the back, 3.5 mm. long; sepals short-ciliolate
toward the apex, 3 mm. long.
Lima: Chicla, 3,700 meters, among stones, Weberbauer 244, type.
Rio Blanco, 3,000-3,500 meters, Killip & Smith 21554; stony hill-
top, 4,500 meters, 2959.
FLORA OF PERU 277
Plantago oreades Dene, in DC. Prodr. 13, pt. 1: 699. 1852.
Rhizome stout, horizontal ; leaves lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate,
8-15 cm. long, entire or slightly obtuse-dentate, glabrous or beneath
on the nerves slightly villous; inflorescences few, the peduncles 10-17
cm. long; spikes 8-10 cm. long; bracts elliptic-ovate, 2.5-3 mm. long,
short-pubescent; sepals 2.5-2.7 mm. long, glabrescent, the anterior
ones elliptic, the posterior ones elliptic-rotund to rotund; corolla
lobes (in the open flowers) rotund-cordate, rounded apically, very
shortly apiculate by the percurrent nerve, 1.5-1.7 mm. long.
Lima : Puente de Anche", 3,500 meters, Weberbauer 225. Colombia.
Plantago polyclada Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 643. 1906.
Suffrutescent, with a very stout, ligneous root; stems divided at
the base into thickish, ligneous, ascending-suberect branches, densely
clothed with persistent, broad leaf sheaths, short-branching, especially
at the apex; leaves congested at the tips of the branchlets, linear,
2.5-9 cm. long, shortly silky-pilose, dilated at the base into tri-
quetrous sheaths, densely villous within; peduncles equaling or
shorter than the leaves, the subglobose, few-flowered spikes to 1 cm.
long; bracts about three-fourths as long as the calyx, oval-ovate;
sepals nearly 4 mm. long, the anterior ones narrowly elliptic, broadly
keeled, the posterior ones broadly to roundish elliptic, concave, with
a strong keel; corolla lobes roundish-elliptic, shortly narrowed and
pointed apically, 3 mm. long, marked from the base nearly to the
tip with brownish striations. Neg. 14169.
Puno: On limestone, 4,000 meters, Azangaro, Weberbauer 484,
type; 185.
Plantago Psyllium L. Sp. PI. 115. 1753.
A Mediterranean species, collected a number of times as an
adventive in South America, as in Ecuador and Bolivia, in cultivated
lands or sandy fields, but apparently not yet found in Peru.
Plantago rigida HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 227. pi. 126. 1818.
Pulvinate, composed of many small rosettes; leaves rigid, lustrous,
linear-lanceolate or linear, 1-2 cm. long, impressed-puncticulate
above; flowers unisexual; spikes reduced to a solitary flower; peduncle
of the staminate flowers extremely short; bract vaginately enclosing
the calyx, when expanded nearly semi-orbicular; sepals lance-oval,
6 mm. long; corolla tube narrow, 6-8 mm. long; anthers well exserted;
pistillate flower short-peduncled ; stigma well exserted; columnar
carpophore thickish, to 2 mm. long; 1-4 seeds developing, thick, 2 mm.
long, little-angled.
278 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
This species, which in typical form occurs most frequently on
the paramos of Ecuador and rarely in Colombia and Bolivia, is
represented in Peru by two varieties.
Plantago rigida var. pusilla Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 162. 1857.
Leaves to 1 cm. long; plants densely pulvinate, the branches
extremely short. Presumably it is this form that Weberbauer, 109,
describes as forming low, green cushions as broad as one-half meter,
composed of delicate rosettes pressed together, and recalling Azorella.
Ancash : Cordillera Yanashallash, between Huaraz and Chavin de
Huantar, 4,300-4,500 meters, Weberbauer 3292. Ayacucho: Prov.
La Mar, puna, 3,700 meters, Weberbauer 5591 Cuzco: Cerro de
Colquipata, open, grassy puna, 4,000 meters, Pennell 13755. Puno:
Sandia, above Cuyocuyo, 4,000 meters, Weberbauer 1050; 219. Also
at Carabaya, at over 4,000 meters, according to Weddell.
Plantago rigida var. angustior Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 646.
1906.
Leaves narrower than in the type, thicker, short, linear, shortly
rounded at the obtuse tip.
Ancash: Prov. Huari, above Ponto in bunch-grass formation,
4,200 meters, Weberbauer 3301.
Plantago sericea R. & P. Fl. 1: 51. pi. 79. 1798. P. vestita
R. & S. Syst. Veg. 3: 149. 1818.
Ligneous, nearly suffrutescent, the stems divided into many
decumbent or arcuate-ascending, laxly branching branches; leaves
densely crowded at the branchlet tips, marcescent, persisting, more
or less curving, narrowly linear, 2-5 cm. long, never more than 1 mm.
wide, slender-sulcate above, silky-pilose, the triquetrous sheath with
longer, villous-tomentose trichomes; inflorescences on each branch
few, the rigid but slender peduncles 10-15 cm. long; spikes short,
dense, 10-11 mm. long; bracts as much as half as long as the calyx,
broadly ovate, villous; sepals (anterior a little narrower) 3.2-3.5 mm.
long, elliptic or broadly elliptic, slightly villous, strongly carinate;
corolla lobes broadly elliptic or broadly ovate-elliptic, obtusish, 3 mm.
long, marked medially with rather wide striae; seeds narrow, about
3 mm. long, brownish. Neg. 14170.
Junin: On dry hill near Tarma, Ruiz & Pavdn.
Plantago tacnensis Pilger, Repert. Sp. Nov. 15: 424. 1919.
Plants small, annual; leaves rather numerous, rosulate, linear or
lance-linear, 1.5-4.5 cm. long, 1-3 mm. wide, gradually narrowed
FLORA OF PERU 279
to the subobtuse apex, lanate-villous with grayish white hairs;
inflorescences numerous, the peduncles decumbent or arcuate-ascend-
ing, equaling or slightly exceeding the leaves, the spikes small, lax,
usually distinctly interrupted, up to 1.5 cm. long, the axis tomentose-
villous; bracts half as long as the calyx, ovate, obtuse, villous-
ciliate, sparsely villous dorsally; sepals 2.5-2.7 mm. long, sparsely
villous dorsally; corolla lobes narrow, subobtuse, 1.5 mm. long;
capsule ellipsoid, finally longer than the calyx, up to 4 mm. long,
circumscissile below the middle; seeds large, blackish brown, lustrous,
smooth. Neg. 14171.
Tacna: Tacna, on bare, sandy hills, 800-900 meters, Woitschach
1890 and 1891, type.
Plantago tarattothrix Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 644. 1906.
A small perennial with a rather slender root and short stems parted
into many short branches; leaves many, fasciculate, narrowly linear,
6-9 cm. long, to 2 mm. wide, grayish white with a silky-villous or
floccose- villous pubescence; peduncles to 10 cm. long, densely yellow-
ish white or yellowish brownish villous-tomentose; spikes moderately
dense, to nearly 2 cm. long; bracts about two-thirds as long as the
calyces, ovate, 3.2-3.5 mm. long, long- villous; sepals 3 mm. long, the
anterior ones narrowly elliptic, marginally and dorsally long-villous
without, with a thick keel; posterior sepals rotund-elliptic to nearly
rotund, the keel rather narrow; corolla lobes broadly ovate-elliptic,
2 mm. long. Neg. 14172.
Cajamarca: Pass of Coimolache, above Hualgayoc, 4,000 meters,
Weberbauer 3962; 271.
Plantago tubulosa Dene, in DC. Prodr. 13, pt. 1: 728. 1852.
Rhizome short, little if at all divided; leaves densely rosulate,
rigid, lanceolate, 1-4 cm. long, coarsely dentate, lobate-dentate, or
nearly entire; flowers unisexual; staminate spike 1-2-flowered, the
peduncle nearly wanting; bracts clasping the spike, rotund-ovate
when expanded ; calyx 7-10 mm. long, the sepals connate below, the
free portions lanceolate; corolla tube 10-12 mm. long; anthers long-
exserted; pistillate spikes 1-2-flowered; stigma long-exserted; capsule
with columnar stipe (carpophore) to 3 cm. long or often much
shorter, thickish; seeds 4-6. Illustrated, Wedd. Chlor. And. 2:
pi. 64. Probably P. Purpusii Brandeg. from Mexico is not speci-
fically distinct.
Ancash: Huarapasca, bunch-grass slope, 4,950 meters, 2489.
Lima: Grassy slopes, Rio Blanco, 4,500 meters, 789. Huanuco: Wet
280 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
slopes, 3,600 meters, Mito, 1884- Puno: Carabaya, Weddell.
Northern Chile and northern Argentina to Ecuador.
Plantago Weberbaueri Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 62: 83. 1928.
A diminutive perennial with a woody, thickish root and short,
simple or branched stems, the branches clothed with dead leaf
remains; branches, if many, congested into compact cushions;
leaves narrowly linear, thickish, sulcate, 1-6 cm. long, densely
sericeous with a silvery or yellowish indument, finally, to greater or
less degree, glabrescent; inflorescences extremely small, the peduncles
1-6 cm. long, the spikes few-flowered; bracts ovate or rotund-ovate
at the base, more or less narrowed, 3-4 mm. long; sepals 3-4 mm.
long, the anterior ones lance-ovate, villous, thickly carinate, the
posterior sepals elliptic-ovate, concave; corolla lobes lance-ovate,
longish or long-narrowed, the apex obtusish, 1.5-3 mm. long, spotted
at the base. Neg. 14175.
Ayacucho: Silver mine of Santa In^s, in puna, 4,300 meters,
Weberbauer 5453, type. Lima: Rio Blanco, 4,000 meters, 736.
Huanuco: South of Mito, 3,700 meters, 1895, 1896Cuzco: At
3,400 meters, Hen era 135, 448 in part.
2. BOUGUERIA Dene.
Reference: Dene. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 5: 132. 1836; Hook. Lond.
Journ. Bot. 4: 567. pi. 19. 1845.
Spikes short, ovoid-globose, the bracts broad, even broadly
round-ovate, the nerves in the keel more or less marked. Sepals 4,
small, narrow, densely pubescent with long, slender hairs. Corolla
tube extremely slender, apically dentate but not distinctly lobed.
Stamen 1, the elliptic anther well exserted. Style filiform. Ovary
obovoid-globose, 1-celled, the ovule affixed to a short, columnar,
basal placenta, transverse, reniform-curved. Fruit indehiscent,
globose; embryo large, curved; cotyledons larger than the radicle.
The genus consists of a single species.
Bougueria nubicola Dene. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 5: 132. 1836;
Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 568. 1845.
Root stout, the stems short, simple, thick, densely yellowish-
long-lanate above in the axils of persistent leaves; leaves densely
rosulate, linear, 1-4 cm. long, or in young specimens to 6 cm. long,
the younger densely yellowish-silky-villous, gradually becoming
glabrescent and finally glabrate; peduncles 1-2.5 cm. long, the
spikes to 1 cm. long; bracts 5-5.5 mm. long; sepals 2 mm. long, the
FLORA OF PERU 281
corolla to twice as long. The type was collected by d'Orbigny at
4,800 meters, Las Lagunas above Potosi, Bolivia; Weddell gives a
Peruvian record as between Puno and Arequipa.
Ayacucho: Silver mine of Santa Ine"s, in puna, 4,300-4,500
meters, Weberbauer 5429. Puno: Sandia, Poto, 4,500 meters,
Weberbauer 994; 219 (in error as "nubigena"). Arequipa: Arequipa,
2,000-2,500 meters, Guenther & Buchtien 1734. Bolivia.
CAPRIFOLIACEAE. Honeysuckle Family
By E. P. Killip, U. S. National Museum
Shrubs, trees, or woody vines, rarely herbs; leaves usually
estipulate, opposite, simple or pinnate; flowers perfect, regular or
irregular; calyx tube adnate to the ovary, the limb 3-5-dentate
or lobate; corolla gamopetalous, rotate or tubular, the limb 5-lobed
or bilabiate; stamens usually 5, inserted on the corolla tube alternate
with the lobes; ovary inferior; style simple or lobed; fruit a berry,
drupe, or capsule, 1-6-seeded.
The Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.) is culti-
vated in northern Peru, and may have become established.
It is known as "madreselva" and "brinco de dama." Lonicera
Caprifolium L., likewise known as "madreselva," is cultivated in
Cuzco according to Herrera.
Leaves pinnate; fruit 3-5-seeded 1. Sambucus.
Leaves simple; fruit 1-seeded 2. Viburnum.
1. SAMBUCUS L.
Shrubs or trees; leaves pinnate or bipinnate, the leaflets serrate
or laciniate; flowers small, in compound, flat- topped or thyrsoidal
cymes; calyx 3-5-dentate; corolla regular, rotate, 3-5-lobed; fruit
a small drupe, containing 3-6 one-seeded nutlets.
The name "sauco" is applied to species of this genus throughout
Spanish America. In Cuzco S. peruviana is known also as "rayan."
The leaves have excitant- properties, and from the fruits is prepared
a sirup which is used for throat troubles and in the cure of ulcers.
Leaflets, or some of them, pinnately parted, glabrous or sparingly
pubescent on the midnerve, subcaudate, the serrations rather
distant toward the apex S. mexicana var. bipinnata.
Leaflets not parted, pubescent on the nerves and veins beneath,
acute, acuminate, or subobtuse, closely serrate throughout.
S. peruviana.
282 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Sambucus mexicana Presl, var. bipinnata (Schlecht. &
Cham.) Schwerin, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 1909: 34, 328. 1909.
S. bipinnata Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 171. 1830.'
A small tree or a shrub, 2-4 meters high (perhaps higher),
glabrous, or sometimes the under side of the midnerve of the leaflets
sparingly pilosulous; leaflets 5-7, the lower pairs usually trifoliolate
with the lateral leaflets reduced, ovate-lanceolate, 3-10 cm. long,
1^4 cm. wide, subcaudate-acuminate, sharply serrate, the teeth
rather distant toward the apex; inflorescence a flat-topped cyme
up to 20 cm. wide; corolla limb about 6 mm. wide; fruit black.
San Martin: Tarapoto, 750 meters, Williams 5933. San Roque,
1,350-1,500 meters, Williams 7028. Loreto : Mouth of Rio Pastasa,
150 meters, Killip, Smith & Dennis 29180. Mishuyacu, 100 meters,
King 860. La Victoria, Williams 2835. Iquitos, Williams 1428,
1532, 7919. Huanuco: Huanuco, Kanehira 206. Junin: San
Ramon, 1,700 meters, Killip & Smith 24713. Southwestern United
States, Mexico, and Central America to Venezuela and Peru.
Sambucus peruviana HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 429. 1820.
A medium-sized tree up to 12 meters high, the branchlets gla-
brous; leaflets usually 7, ovate or ovate-oblong, rarely obovate,
4-12 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, acute or acuminate, rarely subobtuse,
closely and evenly serrate, glabrescent above, hirtellous on the
midnerve and on the veins beneath; inflorescence a flat-topped
cyme; corolla limb about 6 mm. wide, the lobes suborbicular; fruit
black, 5-6-seeded.
Lima: Rio Blanco, 3,000-3,500 meters, cultivated, Killip &
Smith 21746. Huanuco: Pampayacu, Kanehira 188. Cuzco: Ollan-
taitambo, 3,000 meters, Cook & Gilbert 786. Huasao, 3,200 meters,
Herrera 3025. Also in Bolivia and northern Argentina. Apparently
also in Central America, where perhaps introduced.
2. VIBURNUM L.
Reference: Killip & Smith, The South American species of
Viburnum, Bull. Torrey Club 57: 245-258. 1931.
Erect shrubs or small trees; leaves opposite or ternate, simple,
entire or toothed; flowers small, borne in compound cymes; calyx
5-lobed; corolla rotate or broadly campanulate, 5-lobed; stamens 5,
inserted at the base of the corolla tube; ovary 1-celled, the ovule
solitary; style very short and thick, glabrous or pubescent; fruit
drupaceous, 1-seeded.
FLORA OF PERU 283
Leaves densely and persistently stellate-tomentose beneath, sparingly
to densely tomentose above; style pubescent. . . .V. reticulatum.
Leaves essentially glabrous, sometimes pilosulous on the nerves and
in their axils on the lower surface; style glabrous.
Corolla more than 4 mm. wide when expanded.
Leaves all opposite, never in 3's.
Leaves membranous, short-acute, subentire, the petioles up
to 1.5 cm. long V. ayavacense.
Leaves coriaceous, usually long-acuminate and denticulate
to the base, the petioles 1.5-2.5 cm. long. .V. Witteanum.
Leaves predominately in 3's.
Margin of the leaves entire.
Branchlets essentially glabrous; peduncles and rays of the
inflorescence finely subappressed-hirtellous, many of
the hairs simple V. triphyllum.
Branchlets, peduncles, and rays of the inflorescence densely
stellate-tomentose V. incarum.
Margin of the leaves toothed, at least toward the apex.
Leaves obovate or narrowly oblanceolate, 3-4-toothed at
the apex V. tridentatum.
Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obscurely toothed down
. to the middle V . Mathewsii.
Corolla not more than 4 mm. wide even when expanded.
Inflorescence mainly terminal at the ends of elongate branchlets;
petioles averaging about 10 mm. long V. Jelskii.
Inflorescence subaxillary as well as terminal, borne on numerous
short, leafy branchlets; petioles 5-10 mm. long . V. Seemenii.
Viburnum ayavacense HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3:428. 1820.
Oreinotinus ayavacensis Oerst. Kjoeb. Vid. Medd. 1860: 290. 1861.
A shrub about 4 meters high, the branchlets essentially glabrous;
leaves ovate, 5-8 cm. long, 2-5 cm. wide, acute or subacute, rounded
or slightly cordate at the base, entire, or obscurely denticulate toward
the apex, membranous, glabrous, or sparingly stellate-pilosulous
beneath, the petioles about 1 cm. long; cymes 6-7-rayed, the pedun-
cle and rays stellate-tomentose; corolla 6-7 mm. wide; style glabrous.
Piura: Ayavaca, 2,400-2,700 meters, Humboldt & Bonpland
(type) ; Weberbauer 6387. Also in Ecuador.
284 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Viburnum incarum Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 435. 1906.
A shrub or a much branched tree, 3-5 meters high, the younger
branches, peduncles, and rays of the inflorescence densely stellate-
tomentose; leaves usually in 3's, ovate or oblong-ovate, 4-7 cm. long,
1.5-3.5 cm. wide, subacute, entire or nearly so, minutely stellate-
pubescent on the nerves above, pilosulous in the axils beneath;
cymes up to 9 cm. wide, the peduncle about 6 cm. long, the rays 5-7;
calyx lobes fimbriate; flowers about 5 mm. wide; style glabrous;
fruit ovoid.
Junin: Huacapistana, 1,500-2,000 meters, Killip & Smith 24137,
24326, 24508; Weberbauer 1986 (photo, of type seen).
Viburnum Jelskii Zahlbr. Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien 7: 1. 1892.
A small tree, 3-6 meters high, the branchlets densely rufo-
stellate-tomentose, at length glabrous; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate,
5-12 cm. long, 4-7 cm. wide, acuminate, rounded or subacute at the
base, callose-dentate or subentire, essentially glabrous, or sparingly
stellate-pubescent beneath, subcoriaceous; cymes 6-10 cm. wide,
finely stellate-tomentose, 6-7-rayed; corolla about 4 mm. wide;
style glabrous.
Amazonas: Panahuanca, Mathews 1198. San Martin: Tarapoto,
Spruce 4835. Zepelacio, 1,600 meters, King 3400. San Roque,
1,400 meters, Williams 6997, 7170, 7495, 7779. Cajamarca: Cutervo,
Jelski 35 (type). Ayacucho: Carrapa, 1,000 meters, Killip &
Smith 22409, 22496, 22498. Aina, 900 meters, Killip & Smith
22734, 23128, 23132, 23172. Cuzco: Urubamba Valley, 1,800
meters, Cook & Gilbert 1157. Without locality, Poeppig 1309.
Also in southern Ecuador.
Viburnum Mathewsii (Oerst.) Killip & Smith, Bull. Torrey
Club 57: 253. 1931. Oreinotinus Mathewsii Oerst. Kjoeb. Vid. Medd.
1860: 291. 1861. V. fur Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 434. 1906 (?).
A small tree, the branchlets, peduncles, and rays stellate-tomen-
tose, the branchlets at length glabrous; leaves usually in 3's, ovate or
ovate-lanceolate, 3-12 cm. long, 2-6 cm. wide, rounded or acuminate,
rounded or subcuneate at the base, callose-denticulate or subentire,
coriaceous, lustrous and glabrous or sparingly stellate-pubescent
above, glabrous beneath or stellate-pubescent on the principal
nerves; cymes 5-9 cm. wide, 5-7-rayed, the rays up to 5 cm. long;
calyx tube glabrous, glandular, the lobes oblong or ovate-oblong;
corolla 5-6 mm. wide.
FLORA OF PERU 285
Amazonas: Bagasan, Mathews 1605 (type). Cajamarca: Cutervo,
Jelski 359. San Miguel, Prov. Hualgayoc, 2,600-2,700 meters
(Weberbauer 8895 [?], type of V.fur). Huanuco: Mito, 2,800 meters,
1385, 1460, 1653, 1749, 3400. Posuso, 3,100 meters, 4779.
There is considerable difference in the texture of the leaves of
these specimens, and perhaps more than a single species is repre-
sented. The type has very thick leaves, and the Jelski collection
very thin leaves. Between these extremes comes the material from
Huanuco.
Viburnum reticulatum R. & P. ex Oerst. Kjoeb. Vid. Medd.
1860: 286. 1861, as synonym. Oreinotinus reticulatus Oerst. loc.
cit. V. Weberbaueri Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37:433. 1906.
A shrub, about 3 meters high, densely brownish-stellate-tomen-
tose throughout; leaves obovate or oblong-ovate, 5-10 cm. long,
3.5-6 cm. wide (extremes up to 20 cm. long), obscurely dentate,
repand-denticulate, or subentire, obtuse or acute, reticulate, sub-
coriaceous; inflorescence rays 5-7; corolla 3-4 mm. wide; style
pubescent; fruit broadly ovoid.
Cajamarca: Tabaconas Valley, 1,600 meters, Weberbauer 6241.
Cutervo, 2,300 meters, Weberbauer 7129. Huanuco: Pillao, Ruiz &
Pavdn (type). Monzon, 1,600-1,800 meters (Weberbauer 3561, type
of V. Weberbaueri).
Viburnum Seemenii Graebn. f. bolivianum (Gandoger) Killip
& Smith, Bull. Torrey Club 57: 258. 1931. V. bolivianum Gandoger,
Bull. Soc. Bot. France 65: 33. 1918.
A much branched shrub, the branches divergent, elongate, softly
and densely yellow- tomentose; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, 5-12 cm.
long, 2-7 cm. wide, acuminate, subrotund or cuneate at the base,
entire, or obscurely toothed in the upper half, subcoriaceous, spar-
ingly stellate-pubescent beneath; inflorescence subaxillary as well
as terminal, the cymes borne on numerous short, leafy branches, 5-7-
rayed, the peduncles and branches softly and densely yellow-tomen-
tose; corolla 3-4 mm. wide; style glabrous.
Huanuco: Cochero, Ruiz & Pavdn. Cuzco: Lucumayo Valley,
Cook & Gilbert 1388. Also in Bolivia. "Pucafiahui."
Viburnum tridentatum Killip & Smith, Bull. Torrey Club
57: 251. 1931. Oreinotinus obovatus Oerst. Kjoeb. Vid. Medd. 1860:
286. 1861, without description. V. obovatum R. & P. ex Oerst. loc.
cit., as synonym, not V. obovatum Walt. 1788.
286 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
A much branched shrub or a small tree, the branchlets densely
and softly stellate-tomentose; leaves in 3's, obovate or narrowly
oblanceolate, 3-5 cm. long, 1.5-2.5 cm. wide, rounded or short-
triangular-acute at the apex, cuneate at the base, finely undulate-
denticulate towards the apex (teeth 3-5), sparingly stellate-pubescent
with crispate hairs on the nerves and veins both above and beneath;
peduncles 3-4.5 cm. long, densely and softly stellate-tomentose;
cymes 4-7 cm. wide, pubescent as the peduncle; calyx tube sparingly
glandular-punctate, glabrous, the lobes suborbicular; corolla about
5 mm. wide when expanded; style glabrous.
Arequipa: Vitoc, Ruiz & Pavdn (type).
Viburnum triphyllum Benth. PI. Hartw. 189. 1845. Oreinoti-
nus triphyllus Oerst. Kjoeb. Vid. Medd. 1860: 290. 1861. 0. lauri-
folius Oerst. op. cit. 291. pi. 6, f. 11-17.
A shrub or a small tree, the branchlets pubescent with simple or
stellate hairs, becoming glabrous; leaves usually in 3's, ovate or
ovate-oblong, 4-8 cm. long, 2-5 cm. wide, rounded or acute, entire,
coriaceous, lustrous, glabrous, or usually tomentose in the axils of
the nerves beneath; peduncle and rays appressed-hirtellous; calyx
tube sparingly glandular-punctate; corolla 4-5 mm. wide; style
glabrous.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews 1623, in part (type of 0.
laurifolius) ;2114, in part. Without locality, Ruiz & Pawn; Mathews
2027 in part, 2038. Also in Colombia and Ecuador. Two forms of
this also occur in Peru.
Viburnum triphyllum f. lanceolatum Killip & Smith, Bull.
Torrey Club 57: 252. 1931.
Leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate, at least 3 times longer than
broad, 10-13 cm. long, 3-3.5 cm. wide.
Huanuco: Cochero, Ruiz & Pavdn. Without locality, Ruiz &
Pawn (perhaps a part of the preceding; type).
Viburnum triphyllum f. microphyllum Killip & Smith, loc.
cit.
Leaves prevailingly obovate, 1.5-3 cm. long, 0.7-1.5 cm. wide;
cymes smaller than in the typical form.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews 1623 in part, 2114 in part
(type), 3099.
Viburnum Witteanum Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 434. 1906.
A shrub, about 4 meters high, the branchlets sparingly stellate-
pubescent, at length glabrous; leaves oblong, 5-13 cm. long, 3-6 cm.
FLORA OF PERU 287
wide, acuminate, rounded at the base, dentate or denticulate toward
the apex, coriaceous, sparingly stellate-pilosulous beneath, the
petioles 1.5-2.5 cm. long; cymes 7-12 cm. wide, the peduncle and
rays stellate- tomentose; corolla 6-8 mm. wide; style glabrous.
Ayacucho: Between Tambo and Rio Apurimac, 3,200 meters,
Weberbauer 5589Cuzco: Yanamanchi, 3,100-3,200 meters, Weber-
bauer 4960 (photo, of type seen). Also in Bolivia.
In the account of the South American species of Viburnum we
combined this species with V. ayavacense. From the photograph now
available it is evident that the type is well matched by several Bo-
livian specimens, and it is perhaps better to consider the plant from
southeastern Peru and Bolivia specifically distinct from the one of
northern Peru and southern Ecuador.
Cornus peruviana Macbr. was later transferred to Viburnum by
Macbride (Trop. Woods 24: 29. 1930), but it is now considered to be
a true Cornus (see Standley, op. cit. 43: 16. 1935).
VALERIANACEAE. Valerian Family
By E. P. Killip, U. S. National Museum
References: Dufresne, Hist. Nat. Med. Valerian. 1811; Weddell,
Chlor. And. 2: 17-34. 1857; Hock, Bot. Jahrb. 3: 1-74. 1882; Graeb-
ner, op. cit. 37: 436-451, 464^80. 1906; Briquet, Ann. Conserv.
Jard. Bot. Geneve 17: 326-356. 1914.
Annual or perennial herbs, sometimes low shrubs, the roots with
a strong, characteristic odor; leaves opposite, estipulate, often
massed at or near the base, simple or compound; inflorescence
highly variable, capitate to laxly paniculate and repeatedly branched;
flowers perfect, polygamous, or rarely dioecious; calyx tube adnate
to the ovary, the limb inconspicuous in flower but becoming a pap-
pus in fruit, or wanting; corolla gamopetalous, funnel-shaped or
tubular, the limb spreading, 3-5 (rarely 6-8)-lobed; stamens 1-4,
inserted on the corolla and alternate with the lobes, usually exserted;
ovary inferior, 1-3-celled, one cell 1-ovuled, the others empty; fruit
indehiscent, 1-seeded.
This family consists of about 16 genera and from 350 to 400
species, and occurs mainly in the temperate zone and in the high
mountains of the tropics. Of the numerous species in Peru, many
are known from only a single specimen, and an adequate concept
of the family and of the lines of separation between the species is
impossible until further collecting has been done. In addition to
288 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
the native species, Valeriana officinalis L. and V. Phu L. are reported
from Peru by Ruiz and Pavon, and Centranthus ruber (L.) DC. has
been collected at Arequipa (Hinkley 32}. Plectritis samolifolia
(Colla) Hock is listed from Peru by Stuckert and Briquet (Ann.
Conserv. Jard. Geneve 20: 429. 1919), perhaps through error in
associating a Ruiz and Pavon Chilean specimen with Peru. The
following Ecuadorean species have been assigned to Peru through
faulty geographic knowledge: Valeriana alypifolia HBK., V. hirtella
HBK., V. microphylla HBK., and V. amphilophis Graebn.
Corolla 5 (rarely 6-8)-lobed (3-lobed in one species of Aretiastrum).
Leaves closely imbricate throughout the stem, 3-angled toward the
apex, connate, up to 5 mm. long; flowers solitary in the axils
of the upper leaves 1. Aretiastrum.
Leaves not closely imbricate, or in rosettes, flat, usually with a
distinct blade; flowers in clusters or, if solitary, borne on the
ultimate branches of a diffuse inflorescence.
Anthers orbicular or oblong, the filaments well developed and
usually exserted; stems or scapes generally elongate.
Fruit with the two empty cells equaling or larger than the
perfect cell; inflorescence few-flowered, the peduncles
long and slender 2. Astrephia.
Fruit with the two empty cells much smaller than the perfect
cell 3. Valeriana.
Anthers linear, sessile or subsessile; stems or scapes very short
and stout, the inflorescence usually flat-topped and much
broader than long 3. Stangea.
Corolla 3 (rarely 4)-lobed.
Tube of the corolla long and very slender, needle-like.
5. Belonanthus.
Tube of the corolla very short, stouter 6. Phyllactis.
1. ARETIASTRUM Spach
Low, cespitose shrubs, freely branched, the branches very leafy;
leaves small, coriaceous, closely imbricate, connate at the base,
entire; flowers few, solitary, hidden among the uppermost leaves,
sessile or short-pediceled, polygamous or dioecious, the tube funnel-
shaped, the limb 3-5-parted.
Corolla 5-parted; leaves up to 2 mm. long A. Aschersonianum.
Corolla 3-parted; leaves 3-5 mm. long A. imbricatum.
FLORA OF PERU 289
Aretiastrum Aschersonianum Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 448.
1906. Valeriana Aschersoniana Graebn. ex Weberbauer, op. cit. 72.
1905, name only.
Leaves scarcely 2 mm. long, strongly dilated and fimbriate at
the base, triquetrous toward the apex, obtuse; corolla limb 5-parted;
anthers broadly ovate.
Lima: Alpamina, 4,500 meters (Weberbauer 5150, type).
Aretiastrum imbricatum Killip, comb. nov. Valeriana imbri-
cata Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 501. 1928.
Branches very numerous, 4-6 cm. high; leaves linear-spatulate
or linear-oblong, 3-5 mm. long, 1-1.2 mm. wide, obtuse or subacute,
subrevolute, ciliate; flowers dioecious, only the staminate known;
corolla tube 4-5 mm. long, very slender, the limb 3-parted, the
divisions triangular-ovate, subacute; stamens exserted.
Piura: Huancabamba, 3,200 meters, Weberbauer 6088 (type).
This species surely belongs to Aretiastrum, though the corolla
has only 3 lobes, whereas in the four other known species it is 4- or
5-lobed.
2. ASTREPHIA Dufr.
Lax, diffuse, annual herbs; leaves pinnate and pinnatifid; cymes
few-flowered, with long, slender peduncles, the flowers sessile or
short-pediceled, the pedicel usually becoming elongate in fruit;
calyx limb very short or almost wanting; corolla tube narrowly
funnel-shaped, the limb 5-lobed; style trifid; fruit broadly ovate or
rhombic-ovate, epappose, the 2 empty cells equaling or larger than
the perfect cell.
Astrephia chaerophylloides (J.E.Sm.) DC.Prodr. 4:629. 1830.
Valeriana chaerophylloides J. E. Sm. PI. Icon. Ined. 3: pi. 53. 1793.
V. laciniata R. & P. Fl. 1: 42. pi. 69, f. a. 1798. V. chaerophylla
Pers. Syn. 1: 37. 1805. Astrephia laciniata Dufr. Hist. Nat. Med.
Valerian 52. 1811.
Leaves membranous, lanceolate in general outline, imparipinnate,
the leaflets 1-5-jugate, coarsely dentate or pinnatifid, averaging
about 1 cm. long.
Lima: Matucana, 2,400 meters, 191. San Geronimo, 150 meters,
5905. Atocongo 250-500 meters, Pennell 14779. Amancaes, 200-
400 meters, Pennell 14807. Huanuco: Posuso, 600 meters, 4604.
Junin: San Ram6n, 1,400-1,700 meters, Killip & Smith 24712.
Pichis Trail, Killip & Smith 25786, 26096 .Without locality,
290 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Mathews. Reported by Ruiz and Pavon from Lima, Chancai,
Chinchao, and Muna. "Arvegilla." Also in Colombia and Ecuador.
3. VALERIANA L.
Perennial herbs or low shrubs, rarely annuals, erect or ascending,
sometimes scandent; roots woody, fleshy, or tuberous; leaves mainly
basal in most species, fascicled at the nodes in a few, simple or im-
paripinnate, entire, toothed, or pinnatifid; inflorescence variable,
the flowers in dense clusters which are solitary and terminal, or which
form a dense or an interrupted spike or raceme, or the flowers in
loose cymes or variously paniculate; calyx limb usually of 5 T 20
plumose teeth, short and inrolled in flower, at length elongate and
forming a pappus; corolla limb 5 (rarely 6-8)-lobed; fruit compressed,
the 2 empty cells much smaller than the perfect cell.
The roots of many species of Valeriana have medicinal properties.
A. Flowers in dense, globose or subglobose heads which are solitary
and terminal, or grouped in a continuous or an interrupted
spike, sometimes the lower heads peduncled; leaves mainly
basal (except in V. connata}.
B. Leaves simple, entire or toothed, not pinnatifid.
Stems woody, leafy, the internodes subequal V. connata.
Stems herbaceous, leafless or nearly so.
Cauline leaves pinnatifid in the lower half V. lyrata.
Cauline leaves entire or wanting.
Leaves ciliolate.
Inflorescence spicate; stem glabrous V. coarctata.
Inflorescence capitate; stem finely pubescent.
V. isoetifolia.
Leaves not ciliolate.
Leaf blades more than 4 mm. wide, abruptly or sub-
abruptly tapering to the petiole.
Leaves conspicuously serrate V. serrata.
Leaves serrulate or entire.
Corolla 5-lobed V. nivalis.
Corolla 6-8-lobed V. globularioides.
Leaf blades less than 4 mm. wide, gradually tapering to
the petiole.
FLORA OF PERU 291
Scapes averaging more than 6 cm. long, the inflo-
rescence an interrupted spike, rarely a single head.
V. Condamoana.
Scapes (or stems) averaging less than 6 cm. long, the
inflorescence a single head.
Pappus 5-7-rayed; stem stout V. pycnantha.
Pappus 10-12-rayed; stem slender. . . .V. globularis.
B. Leaves pinnate or pinnatifid.
Fruit pilosulous on one face; plant sparingly to densely pubes-
cent V. globiflora.
Fruit glabrous; plant glabrous except at the nodes.
Inflorescence a single head V. Trichomanes.
Inflorescence spiciform.
Basal leaves strictly pinnate, the terminal leaflet much
larger than the lateral ones V . Pennellii.
Basal leaves pinnate or pinnatifid, the terminal segment (or
leaflet) smaller than or subequal to the lateral ones.
Leaves less than 1 cm. wide, the leaflets cuneiform,
digitate-pinnatifid V. cephalantha.
Leaves usually more than 1 cm. wide, the leaflets or
segments entire V. micropterina.
A. Flowers in cymes, loose clusters, or distinct, the inflorescence
cymose-paniculate, pyramidal, or diffusely paniculate, in a few
species the flowers in subglobose heads in a racemose panicle,
or in a single, terminal cyme.
Stems woody, not scandent, leafy throughout, the leaves often
fascicled.
Leaves pinnate, the leaflets narrowly linear V. virgata-
Leaves simple, linear to ovate-oblong.
Plant subrepent, the stems ascending, densely tomentose;
leaves not more than 1.5 cm. long V. ledoides.
Plant erect; stems glabrous or puberulent; leaves more than
1.5 cm. long.
Leaves ovate-oblong, about 1 cm. wide, the cauline few.
V. quadrangularis.
Leaves linear, narrowly lanceolate, or oblong, less than 1
cm. wide, the cauline very numerous.
292 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Fruit obscurely nerved; leaves somewhat puberulent.
y. Grisiana.
Fruit strongly ribbed, the ribs elevated; leaves glabrous.
V. costata.
Stems herbaceous, the cauline leaves relatively few and reduced,
or scandent plants with woody stems and numerous, developed
cauline leaves.
C. Inflorescence cymose-paniculate or racemose-paniculate, the
flowers in rather dense clusters (inflorescence a terminal
cyme in V. oblongifolia and V. parvula, and sometimes in
y. interrupta).
Leaves simple, entire or irregularly toothed, not pinnatifid.
Plant not more than 10 cm. high.
Cauline leaves linear-lanceolate, laciniate-dentate; plant
pubescent V. oblongifolia.
Cauline leaves narrowly linear (or wanting), entire; plant
glabrous y. parvula.
Plant more than 10 cm. high.
Petiole of basal leaves more than twice as long as the
blade V. sphaerocephala.
Petiole of basal leaves not more than twice as long as
the blade.
Inflorescence pyramidal, more than 8 cm. wide.
Basal leaves linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, entire.
V. Weberbaueri.
Basal leaves cuneate-obovate, coarsely and irrregu-
larly dentate y. Hadros.
Inflorescence more or less virgate, not more than 8 cm.
wide.
Leaves linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate, entire;
stem and under side of midnerve of leaves
usually pilose y. pilosa.
Leaves ovate, cordate-ovate, or orbicular-reniform,
entire or irregularly toothed; stem essentially
glabrous.
Bractlets less than 1 cm. wide; root short-tuber-
ous V. Herrerae.
Bractlets 1 mm. or more wide; root fusiform,
thickened at the apex.
FLORA OF PERU 293
Basal leaves cordulate, obscurely crenulate.
V. nigricans.
Basal leaves tapering to the petiole, dentate or
denticulate V. plectritoides.
Leaves pinnate or pinnatifid.
Terminal leaflet much larger than the lateral ones.
Leaflets entire V. radicata.
Leaflets dentate V. variabilis.
Terminal leaflet not larger than the lateral ones.
Inflorescence cymose or cymose-paniculate . V . interrupta.
Inflorescence racemose-paniculate or subpyramidal.
Leaves pinnate throughout, the leaflets not united.
Leaflets 3-6- jugate, incised or pinnatisect.
y. sphaerophora.
Leaflets 10-15-jugate, entire or 2-4-toothed.
y. thalictroides.
Leaves pinnatifid in the upper half, pinnate in the
lower.
Plant rufo-tomentellous throughout; leaflets and
leaf segments irregularly serrate. y. rufescens.
Plant glabrous; leaflets and leaf segments regularly
crenate-serrate V. asplenifolia.
C. Inflorescence diffusely paniculate, the flowers single or in
clusters of 2-4.
Indument stellate, at least in part.
Upper surface of the leaves stellate-pubescent; leaves
subobtuse V. tomentosa.
Upper surface of leaves pubescent with simple hairs; leaves
sharply acute y. rnalvacea.
Indument simple or none.
Plant scandent.
Leaves simple or trifoliolate.
Stem herbaceous; leaves or leaflets repand or sinuate-
dentate, rarely entire, rounded or cordate at the
base y . scandens.
Stem somewhat woody; leaves entire, acute at the base.
294 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Fruit about 1 mm. long; ultimate branches of the
inflorescence filiform, 3 cm. or more long, the
flowers distant V . Pardoana.
Fruit 2-3 mm. long; ultimate branches of the inflo-
rescence stouter and shorter, the flowers in
clusters of 2-3 V. Pavonii.
Leaves pinnate, the leaflets 5 or more.
Leaflets 4-10-jugate, 1-1.5 cm. long; bractlets obtuse.
y. jasminoides.
Leaflets 2-3-jugate, the terminal one more than 2.5
cm. long; bractlets acute V. decussata.
Plant erect.
Leaves all simple, entire or toothed, not deeply lobed or
pinnatifid.
Fruit reticulate with dark lines on one face, papillose
on the other, obscurely nerved V. renifolia.
Fruit smooth, greenish, 3-nerved on one face, 1-nerved
on the other.
Plant annual, with a short, tuberous root; fruit
densely pubescent on one face. .V. urticaefolia.
Plant perennial, with an elongate, woody or fleshy
root; fruit glabrous on both faces (in V. Tes-
sendorffiana sparingly pilosulous on one face).
Stem and leaves densely pubescent. y. paniculata.
Stem and leaves essentially glabrous.
Cauline leaves cordate-reniform, numerous.
y. Baltana.
Cauline leaves obovate or ovate-lanceolate, few,
or confined to sterile shoots.
y. Tessendorffiana.
Leaves, or some of them, pinnate or pinnatifid.
Fruit pubescent on both faces, reticulate with con-
spicuous dark lines when mature.
Leaves all pinnate; fruit lance-ovate, less than 1.5
mm. wide V. agrimonifolia.
Leaves pinnatifid, or some of the lower ones entire;
fruit broadly ovate, more than 1.5 mm. wide.
V. pinnatifida.
FLORA OF PERU 295
Fruit glabrous, or pubescent on one face, rarely on
both faces, not dark-lined.
Fruit strongly verrucose V. verrucosa.
Fruit smooth (verruculose in V. Mathewsii"!).
Leaves all pinnate, the leaflets coarsely toothed,
often petiolulate.
Fruit pubescent, abruptly tapering to a beak;
bractlets purple-tipped V. variabilis.
Fruit glabrous, merely acute; bractlets green.
V. Warburgii.
Leaves not all pinnate, entire or denticulate, if
pinnate the leaflets sessile.
Fruit glabrous.
Lower leaves densely hirsute; stem not more
than 5 mm. in diameter. V. paniculata.
Lower leaves puberulous; stem more than 5
mm. in diameter V. bambusicaulis.
Fruit pubescent, at least on one face.
Basal and lower cauline leaves all simple,
crenulate, the upper cauline ones pin-
nately lobed V. Mathewsii.
Basal leaves simple or, if pinnate, the lateral
leaflets much reduced.
Leaves pubescent, membranous or sub-
coriaceous, acute or subobtuse.
V. Macbridei.
Leaves glabrous, thick-coriaceous, acu-
minate V. dipsacoides.
Valeriana agrimonifolia Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21 : 353.
1931.
A perennial herb, up to about 75 cm. high, essentially glabrous
throughout, the fruit pubescent; root thickened at the apex; stem
usually single, erect, simple; basal and cauline leaves similar, all
strictly imparipinnate, up to 10 cm. long, including a short petiole,
and 5 cm. wide, the leaflets 4-5-jugate, ovate or lance-ovate, obtuse
or subacute, regularly crenate-serrate, sessile, membranous; inflo-
rescence subracemose-paniculate, elongate, trichotomous and dichot-
omous, the flowers in small, rather loose clusters; bractlets linear,
296 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
divergent; flowers mostly perfect; fruit lance-ovate, about 2 mm.
long and up to 1 mm. wide, 3-nerved and densely pilosulous on one
face, 1-nerved, rugulose, and sparingly pilosulous on the other, the
pappus 8-10-rayed.
Lima: Rio Blanco, 3,000-3,500 meters, Kittip & Smith 21663,
21744. Banos, Wilkes Expedition. Junin: Tarma, 3,100 meters,
Kittip & Smith 21938 (type).
Similar to V. pinnatifida, but the leaves are all pinnate and the
fruit is narrower.
Valeriana asplenifolia Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21: 352.
1931.
Plant cespitose, essentially glabrous throughout, the root thick,
branched toward the apex; stems erect, up to 25 cm. high; basal
leaves rosulate, membranous, linear-lanceolate in general outline,
0.5-1.5 cm. wide, acuminate, pinnate, pinnatifid toward the apex,
5-15 cm. long, including a petiole subequal to the blade,
the leaflets 10-15-jugate, ovate or lance-ovate, regularly crenate-
serrate, obtuse, sessile, the cauline leaves 1-2 pairs, sessile, similar to
the basal; inflorescence racemose-paniculate, the flowers in dense,
subglobose, short-peduncled heads; flowers apparently dioecious, the
staminate larger than the pistillate, the stamens long-exserted ; fruit
lance-oblong, obscurely 3-nerved on one face and 1-nerved on the
other, the pappus 10-rayed.
Junin: Mt. La Juntai, near Huancayo, 4,700 meters, Killip &
Smith 22051 (type), 22086.
Valeriana Baltana Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 439. 1906.
An erect herb, 30-100 cm. high,' essentially glabrous throughout,
the root elongate; leaves subrotund or cordate-reniform, obtuse or
rounded, the basal up to 12 cm. long and 14 cm. wide, with petioles
up to 20 cm. long, repand or subentire, the cauline 2-6 cm. long, 1.5-5
cm. wide, irregularly crenate-serrate or subentire, sessile, clasping;
panicle diffuse, trichotomous and dichotomous, the branches very
slender; fruit broadly ovate, 3-nerved on one face, 1-nerved on the
other, glabrous, the pappus 12-rayed.
Huanuco: Cani, 2,600 meters, 3433. Junin: Pariahuanca, 2,400-
2,500 meters, Weberbauer 6591. Puno: Sandia, Weberbauer 531
(type).
Valeriana bambusicaulis Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci.
15:455. 1925.
FLORA OF PERU 297
A coarse, erect herb, about 3 meters high, the stem up to 2 cm.
in diameter, glabrous; leaves of the sterile shoots ovate, long-petioled;
basal leaves imparipinnate, the lateral leaflets 4-5- jugate, the ter-
minal and lateral leaflets subequal, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, up
to 6 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, acute, entire, finely puberulent or
glabrescent, the cauline leaves linear-lanceolate, 2-4 cm. long; pani-
cle diffuse, trichotomous and dichotomous; fruit oblong-lanceolate,
3-nerved on one face, 1-nerved on the other, thick-margined, glabrous,
the pappus 6-rayed.
Huanuco: Tambo de Vaca, 3,800 meters, 4463 (type).
Valeriana cephalantha Schlecht. Linnaea 28: 483. 1856.
Plant cespitose, essentially glabrous throughout, the root
branched toward the apex; stem about 30 cm. high, bearing 1-2
pairs of sessile, pinnate leaves; basal leaves slender, narrowly lance-
olate in general outline, 5-10 cm. long, 6-8 mm. wide, petiolate,
imparipinnate, the leaflets cuneiform, digitate-pinnatifid or lobulate,
the segments obtuse, the cauline leaves similar but smaller, 1-2
pairs; flowers in dense heads forming an interrupted spike, the lower
heads usually borne on short branches; bractlets broadly obovate,
about 3 mm. wide; fruit broadly ovate, purple-spotted, 3-nerved on
one face, 1-nerved on the other, the pappus 5-rayed.
Puno: Tabina, Lechler 2044 (type).
Valeriana coarctata R. & P. Fl. 1: 40. pi, 68, f. 8. 1798. V.
armeriaefolia Schlecht. Linnaea 28: 485. 1856.
Root fusiform, thickened at the apex; stem erect, 5-40 cm. high,
glabrous; basal leaves linear to lanceolate-spatulate, up to 15 cm.
long and 1 cm. wide, subacute, ciliolate, otherwise glabrous or spar-
ingly pilosulous, often subrevolute, fleshy, the cauline leaves ternate
or quaternate, sometimes wanting; inflorescence spicate, the heads
all sessile, contiguous or usually the lowest one distinct; fruit nar-
rowly lance-oblong, nerveless, glabrous, the pappus 6-8-rayed.
Peru: "Andes," Maclean. Lima: Casapalca, 866. Banos, Wilkes
Expedition. Huanuco: Cerro de Pasco, Mathews 668. Junin:
Huasa-huasi, Ruiz & Pavdn (photo, of type). Ayacucho: Huanta,
4,000-4,200 meters, Pearce in 1867. Puno: San Antonio, Lechler
1798 (type of V. armeriaefolia}. Cuzco: Panticalla Pass, 3,600
meters, Cook & Gilbert 1247. "Huarituru."
The Ruiz and Pavon illustration is best matched by the Mathews
specimen. Most of the other ones cited above have much slenderer
leaves, and agree well with the type of V. armeriaefolia.
298 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Valeriana Condamoana Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 446. 1906. V.
Romanana Graebn. loc. cit.(?).
Plant cespitose, glabrous throughout, with a stout, branched
rootstock; leaves rosulate, rarely a pair of cauline ones present,
narrowly oblanceolate or spatulate, 3-9 cm. long, including the
petiole, the blade up to 4 mm. wide; scapes 4-25 cm. high; inflo-
rescence an elongate head or an interrupted spike, the lowest head
sometimes as much as 5 cm. below the next one; bractlets obovate,
dark at the center; fruit broadly ovate, 1-nerved on one face, nerve-
less on the other, the pappus 10-rayed.
Peru: Casapalta, 4,300 meters, Ball in 1882. Junin: Yauli,
4,100-4,400 meters, 913; Weberbauer 311 (photo, of type seen).
Valeriana Romanana, based upon Weberbauer 2972, from Huaraz,
Dept. Ancash (photo, of type seen), may be distinct, but additional
material now available from the type locality of V. Condamoana
indicates that the differentiating characters are not constant.
Valeriana connata R. & P. Fl. 1 : 39. pi. 67, f. c. 1798. V. connata
var. nutans Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 444. 1906.
Plant suffrutescent, about 60 cm. high; stems several, branched,
leafy, finely pilosulous in 2 vertical lines, otherwise glabrous; leaves
lanceolate, 2-3 cm. long, 4-7 mm. wide, acute, sessile, subconnate,
ciliolate toward the base; inflorescence spiciform, the flowers in
sessile or short-peduncled, subglobose clusters; fruit oblong, gla-
brous, obscurely 3-nerved on one face, 1-nerved on the other, pappose.
Junin: Diezmo, Ruiz & Pawn (fragment of type seen). Yauli,
4,400 meters, Weberbauer 349 (cited by Graebner). Without lo-
cality, Lobb.
In the variety nutans, based on Weberbauer 2947, from Pichin,
Department of Ancash, the flower clusters are all sessile.
Valeriana costata Schmale, Repert. Sp. Nov. 41: 294. 1937.
A shrub, essentially glabrous throughout, the branches terete,
leafy; leaves lanceolate or oblong (or the upper ovate), up to 5 cm.
long and 5 mm. wide, obtuse, entire or irregularly crenate, petiolate;
cymes dense, congested at the ends of the branches; fruit ovate,
strongly 3-ribbed on one face, 1-ribbed on the other, the ribs elevated.
Cajamarca: Cutervo (Raimondi 4673, type).
Valeriana decussata R. & P. Fl. 1: 42. pi. 70, f. b. 1798. V.
dematoides Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 437. 1906. V. melanocarpa
Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 453. 1925.
FLORA OF PERU 299
Plant scandent, suffrutescent toward the base, the stem stout,
villosulous or at length glabrous; leaves opposite or fascicled at the
nodes, short-petioled, imparipinnate, the leaflets 2-3-jugate, lance-
olate, linear-lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate,
remotely denticulate or entire, scaberulous above, sparingly to
densely cano-tomentose beneath, the terminal leaflet 2-6 cm. long,
larger than the lateral ones; panicle up to 40 cm. long, trichotomous
and repeatedly dichotomous, the branches spreading or ascending;
bractlets acute; fruit ovate, 1.5-2 mm. long, 3-nerved on one face,
1-nerved on the other, densely pubescent, black when mature, the
pappus 10-rayed.
Ancash: Tallenga, 3,600-3,800 meters, Weberbauer 2862 (type
of V. clematoides). Huanuco: Huanuco, Ruiz & Pavdn (type).
Mito, 2,700 meters, 1745. Yanahuanca, 3,000 meters, 1211
Ayacucho: Pampalca, 3,200 meters, Killip & Smith 23273. Toto-
rabamba, 3,500 meters, Weberbauer 5463. Cuzco: Paucartambo
Valley, H err era 1050a. Cuzco, Soukup 81. Cerro de Cusilluyoc,
3,200-3,400 meters, Pennell 14143. Lucumayo Valley, Cook &
Gilbert 1311 (type of V. melanocarpa). Department uncertain:
Lacuihaurmi, Savatier 1621. Pintac, 4,000 meters, Pearce in 1867.
"Polo-polo," "anamacai."
Valeriana dipsacoides Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 438. 1906. V.
maxima Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21: 351. 1931.
A coarse, erect, glabrous herb, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high, the stem
up to 1 cm. wide at the base; leaves coriaceous, bright green, sub-
lustrous, variable, simple, or pinnatifid nearly to the rachis, up to
20 cm. long and 7 cm. wide, entire or obscurely crenulate toward
the apex, if simple the blade broadly elliptic to oblanceolate, acumi-
nate, tapering to a narrowly winged petiole, if pinnatifid the terminal
segment ovate, the lateral segments 1-3, approximate, oblong or
ovate-oblong, up to 3.5 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, obtuse or sub-
acute, much smaller than the terminal one, the petiole short, broadly
winged; panicle diffuse, up to 75 cm. long, trichotomous and re-
peatedly dichotomous; fruit narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 3-nerved
and glabrous on one face, 1-nerved and minutely puberulous on the
other, the pappus 8-rayed.
Junin: Huacapistana, 1,700-1,900 meters, Weberbauer 1980
(photo, of type seen); Killip & Smith 24105 (type of V. maxima),
24171.
Valeriana globiflora R. & P. Fl. 1: 43. pi 65, f. b. 1798. V.
globifera Pers. Syn. 1: 37. 1805, in error.
300 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
A low, cespitose herb with a thickened, fibrillose rootstock; leaves
rosulate, fleshy, lanceolate in general outline, 2-4 cm. long, including
a short petiole, 7-10 mm. wide, glabrous above, pilose beneath,
imparipinnate or deeply pinnatifid, the rachis broad, the leaflets or
segments sinuate-dentate or pinnately lobed, obtuse; scapes several,
erect or divaricate, up to 10 cm. long, pilose; inflorescence a single
terminal head, or spiciform with 1-2 pairs of additional, sessile or
short-peduncled heads; bractlets narrowly obovate, blackish, pale
at the margin; fruit broadly ovate, densely pilosulous on one face,
glabrous on the other, obscurely 1-nerved, pappose.
Huanuco: Cerro de Pasco, 4,400 meters, Kanehira 274; Pearce
21. Junin: Bombon, Ruiz & Pavon (photo, and fragment of type
seen). La Oroya, Kalenborn 134.
Valeriana globularioides Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 445. 1906.
Plant cespitose, the root thick, subrepent, branched toward the
apex; leaves mainly basal, obovate-spatulate, 2.5-4 cm. long, in-
cluding a broad petiole, 7-9 mm. wide, obscurely crenate-dentate
toward the apex, coriaceous, glabrous; scapes 3-5 cm. long; inflores-
cence capitate, solitary, subglobose; flowers perfect, the corolla
limb 6-8-lobed; fruit pappose.
Ancash: Huaraz, 4,000 meters, Weberbauer 2966 (photo, of type
seen).
Valeriana globularis Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 322. 1862.
V. pygmaea Graebn. (?) Bot. Jahrb. 37: 446. 1906, non Turcz. 1852.
A low, cespitose herb, glabrous throughout, the rootstock very
thick toward the apex, elongate at the base; leaves rosulate, linear
or linear-spatulate, 2-4 cm. long including the petiole, the blade up
to 3 mm. wide, entire; stems slender, 1-8 cm. high, leafless or rarely
bearing 4 small, verticillate leaves; inflorescence a single globose
head up to 1.2 cm. in diameter; fruit ovate, obscurely 1-nerved on
each face, the pappus 10-12-rayed.
Lima: Rio Blanco, 4,500 meters, 2986. Casapalca, 4,700 meters,
875. Junin: Casacancha, Wilkes Expedition (type). Mt. La Juntai,
4,700 meters, Kittip & Smith 22078. Yauli, 4,400 meters, Weber-
bauer 367 (type of V. pygmaea Graebn.; photo, seen).
Valeriana Grisiana Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 19. pi 49, f. A.
1857. V. linearifolia Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 500. 1928.
Plant suffrutescent, 30-75 cm. high, branched near the base, the
branches erect, finely puberulent or glabrescent, the leaves fascicled
FLORA OF PERU 301
at the nodes in the lower half, opposite in the upper half, linear
or linear-lanceolate, 2-4 cm. long, 2-4 mm. wide, obtuse, sessile, or
the lower subsessile, entire or obscurely serrulate, subrevolute,
glabrous or puberulent; inflorescence cymose-paniculate, the flowers
in rather dense clusters, polygamo-dioecious, the bractlets purple
toward the apex; fruit lance-ovate, glabrous, 3-nerved on one face,
1-nerved on the other, the pappus 12-rayed.
Cuzco: Cordilleras of Cuzco, Gay (type). Cerro de Cusilluyoc,
3,800-3,900 meters, Pennell 13856 (type of V. linearifolia).
Valeriana Hadros Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 443. 1906.
Stem erect, about 1 meter high, stout, pilose, branched at the
base, arising from a thick rootstock; basal leaves cuneate-obovate,
15-20 cm. long, 5-6 cm. wide, tapering to a short, winged petiole,
coarsely and irregularly dentate, the teeth denticulate, the cauline
leaves much smaller, sessile or subsessile, similarly toothed; panicle
pyramidal, up to 15 cm. wide, the flowers in dense, sessile, sub-
globose clusters, on ascending branches; bractlets broadly obovate.
Cajamarca: Between Hualgayoc and Cajamarca, 4,100-4,200
meters, Weberbauer 4%28 (photo, of type seen). '
Valeriana Herrerae Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 16: 572.
1926.
A slender herb, 15-25 cm. high, the root tuberous, fibrillose;
stem simple, glabrescent; basal leaves long-petiolate, the blade ovate
to orbicular-reniform, 1-2 cm. long, 0.6-2 cm. wide, obtuse or
rounded, entire or undulate, membranous, glabrous or sparingly
pilosulous, the cauline ones ovate or ovate-oblong, undulate-serrate,
petiolate; inflorescence racemiform, the flowers in rather dense
clusters; bractlets narrowly linear, less than 1 mm. wide, black,
pale at the margin; flowers polygamous, the limb of the staminate
ones 1.5-2 mm. wide; fruit lance-oblong, faintly 1-nerved on one
face, nerveless on the other, probably pappose.
Cuzco: Hacienda Churu, Province of Paucartambo, 3,600
meters, Herrera 1016 (type), 1413. Cerro de Colquipata, 3,900-
4,000 meters, Pennell 13744. Apurimac Valley, Herrera 3076b.
"Atoc-atoc."
Valeriana interrupta R. & P. Fl. 1: 42. pi. 67, f. a. 1798.
V. interrupta var. minor Ball, Journ. Linn. Soc. 22: 43. 1885. V. pedi-
cularioides Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 442. 1906.
Plant essentially glabrous throughout; root thickened, woody,
usually elongate; stems several, erect, 10-100 cm. high, usually with
302 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
only a single pair of leaves; basal leaves up to 15 cm. long including
the petiole, and 3 cm. wide, pinnate or deeply pinnatifid, the leaflets
or segments highly variable, entire, pinnately lobed, deeply pinnati-
fid, or interruptedly bipinnate, membranous; inflorescence cymose
or cymose-paniculate, compact or diffuse but the flowers clustered;
flowers polygamous, the staminate with a limb 2.5-3 mm. wide, the
limb of the others up to 1 mm. wide, the styles long-exserted ; fruit
oblong, 2-2.5 mm. long, more or less turgid when mature, glabrous,
obscurely 1-nerved, the pappus 10-rayed.
Lima: Canta, 2,700-3,200 meters, Pennell 14335. Antaicocha,
3,600-3,800 meters, Pennell 14645. Viso, 2,700 meters, 592. Rio
Blanco, 3,500 meters, Killip & Smith 21552. Huamantango,
Mathews 513. Chicla, 3,600-3,900 meters, Ball (type of V. interrupta
var. minor}. Between Anchi and Chicla, 3,450-3,700 meters,
Weberbauer 208a (type of V. pedicularioides) ; Savatier. Bafios, Wilkes
Expedition. Junin: Diezmo, Ruiz & Pavdn (type). Yauli, 4,100
meters, 914. Huancayo, 3,300-3,500 meters, Killip & Smith 22128.
Valeriana interrupta var. elatior (Graebn.) Killip, comb. nov.
V. pimpinelloides Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 442. 1906 (?). V. elatior
Graebn. op. cit. 443.
Plant coarser, the leaves larger, the basal up to 35 cm. long in-
cluding the petiole, and 12 cm. wide, the cauline leaves usually more
than 1 pair.
Cajamarca: San Pablo, 2,200-2,400 meters, Weberbauer 3859
(type of V. elatior; photo, seen). Lima: Huaros, 3,300-3,600
meters, Pennell 14701. Atocongo, 250-500 meters, Pennell 14771.
Near Lima, 150 meters, 5856; Rose 18587; Wilkes Expedition;
Savatier 1458. San Bartolome', Savatier 1623. Matucana, 2,400
meters, 122. Chicla, 3,600-3,900 meters, Ball. Arequipa: Misti,
3,300-3,400 meters, Pennell 13222.
This is the commonest species of Valeriana along the Lima-
Oroya railroad, and apparently extends northward to Cajamarca
and southward to Arequipa. The variety merges into the typical
form and also, in leaf shape, into V. pinnatifida, under which name
some of the material cited above was distributed. V. pimpinelloides,
described from Ocros, Department of Ancash (Weberbauer 2719,
type, photo, seen), appears to be only a variant with the leaf seg-
ments more obovatei
Valeriana isoetifolia Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 456.
1925.
FLORA OF PERU 303
Plant cespitose, the root woody, branched above; leaves rosulate,
narrowly linear, almost acicular, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, up to 2 mm. wide,
acute, scabrous, minutely ciliolate; stems slender, 8-11 cm. long,
finely and sparingly pubescent, bearing at or above the middle 3^4
verticillate leaves; inflorescence a single, subglobose head 1-1.5 cm.
in diameter; fruit oblong, 2.5 mm. long, glabrous, the pappus 6-rayed.
Huanuco: Tambo de Vaca, 4,000 meters, 4424 (type). Muna,
3,600-3,800 meters, Pearce 189.
Valeriana jasminoides Briq. Ann. Conserv. Jard. Bot. Geneve
17: 336. 1914.
A scandent or subscandent herb, pilosulous nearly throughout,
or the stem glabrescent; leaves densely fascicled at the nodes,
imparipinnate, the leaflets 7-10-jugate, approximate, elliptic or
narrowly lanceolate, 1-2 cm. long, 1-7 mm. wide, obtusely acumi-
nate, subsessile, entire or serrulate, the terminal one smaller than
or subequaling the lateral ones, sometimes irregularly incised;
inflorescence paniculate, trichotomous and dichotomous, the flowers
in loose clusters; fruit about 3 mm. long, glabrous or sparingly
pilosulous, 3-nerved on one face, 1-nerved on the other, the pappus
12-rayed.
Cuzco: Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 2,200-2,400 meters, Pennell 13968;
at 3,500-3,800 meters, Pennell 13896. Also in western Bolivia.
In the Peruvian material the leaflets are more toothed than in
the Bolivian specimens at hand. There is considerable variation
in the size and shape of the leaflets, even in the specimens repre-
senting a given number.
Valeriana ledoides Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 445. 1906.
A low, subrepent shrub, the stems ascending, up to 20 cm. high,
densely tomentose; leaves oblong or linear-oblong, 1-1.5 cm. long,
3-5 mm. wide, obtuse, entire or obscurely crenate-dentate, tomentose
beneath; inflorescence cymose, contracted, hemispheric; fruit oblong,
epappose(?).
Huanuco: Monzon, 3,300-3,400 meters, Weberbauer 3710 (type).
Valeriana lyrata Vahl, Enum. PI. 2: 4. 1805. V. remota Ball,
Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 22: 42. 1885. V. oxyrioides Graebn. Bot.
Jahrb. 37: 444. 1906.
Plant glabrous throughout, the stems few or several, erect,
10-50 cm. high, from a thick, woody root; basal leaves usually
lyrate with 1 or 2 lobes, occasionally entire and elliptic-oblong,
304 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
3-6 cm. long, 0.5-2 cm. wide, long-petioled, the cauline leaves 1-2
pairs, sessile, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid at
least toward the base, 1.5-3 cm. long; inflorescence spicate, the
heads all sessile or the lower short-peduncled, contiguous or the
lower remote; fruit ovate-lanceolate, about 2.5 mm. long, obscurely
1-nerved on one face, nerveless on the other, the pappus 6-rayed.
Lima: Chicla, 3,600-3,900 meters, Ball in 1882 (type of V.
remota); Weberbauer 236 (type of V. oxyrioides) . Rio Blanco, 3,500-
4,500 meters, 3007; Killip & Smith 21650. Bafios, Wilkes Ex-
pedition. Without locality, Jussieu (type) ; Savatier.
Valeriana Macbridei Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 454.
1925. V. hirsutissima Killip, loc. cit.
An erect herb, 60 cm. or more high, the lower part of the stem
and the lower leaves densely hirsute, the pubescence scantier up-
wards; leaves imparipinnate (those of the sterile shoots sometimes
simple), the leaflets membranous or subcoriaceous, acute or obtuse,
remotely denticulate or serrulate, the terminal leaflet of the basal
leaves much larger than the lateral ones, subequal to the lateral
ones in the case of the cauline leaves, the lateral leaflets 2-5-jugate,
sessile or subsessile; panicle diffuse, trichotomous and repeatedly
dichotomous; fruit lance-oblong, 3-nerved and glabrous on one face,
1-nerved and finely pilosulous on the other, the pappus 8-rayed.
Huanuco: Rio Santo Domingo, 1,200-1,500 meters, 3686 (type),
4240. Pampayacu, 1,000 meters, 5118 (type of V. hirsutissima}.
Valeriana malvacea Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 439. 1906.
An erect or subscandent, suffrutescent herb, 60-100 cm. high,
the stem pilosulous; leaves cordate-ovate, 3-9 cm. long, 1.5-5 cm.
wide, acuminate, denticulate or subentire, petiolate, densely pi-
losulous, the hairs stellate on the lower surface; panicle diffuse,
trichotomous and dichotomous; fruit oblong-ovate, glabrous; 3-
nerved on one face, 1-nerved on the other, the pappus 8-rayed.
Junin: Huacapistana, 2,600-2,800 meters, (Weberbauer 2197,
type) ; Killip & Smith 24356.
Valeriana Mathewsii Briq. Ann. Conserv. Jard. Bot. Geneve
17: 345. 1914. V. hyalinorhiza R. & P. sensu HBK. Nov. Gen. &
Sp. 3: 331. 1819, non R. & P. V. laevigata Willd. ex Steud. Norn.
Bot. 869. 1821(7). V. Humboldtii Hook. & Am. in Hook. Bot. Misc.
3:365. 1833(?).
Plant essentially glabrous throughout; root tuberous; stem
solitary, erect, about 40 cm. high; basal and lower cauline leaves
FLORA OF PERU 305
ovate, about 3 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, obtuse, irregularly crenulate,
the petioles 3-3.5 cm. long; upper cauline leaves linear-lanceolate,
deeply pinnatifid; panicle more than 20 cm. long, the lower branches
very slender, about 5 cm. long; fruit (immature) ovate, verruculose-
puberulent, the pappus 6(?)-rayed.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews (type).
I have not seen the Humboldt and Bonpland specimen referred
to V. hyalinorrhiza R. & P., to which Hooker and Arnott assigned
the name V. Humboldtii. It presumably came from northern Peru,
and the description in the Nova Genera et Species Plantarum applies
well to the plant later described as V. Mathewsii. Graebner cites
(Bot. Jahrb. 3: 48) a Humboldt specimen from "Cusa," Peru, in
the Berlin herbarium as V. laevigata Willd., a manuscript name
first listed by Steudel. "Cusa" may be an error for Cascas, in the
Department of Cajamarca, a locality visited by Humboldt and
Bonpland.
Valeriana micropterina Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 26. pi. 49,
/. B. 1857.
Plant essentially glabrous throughout, cespitose, the root thick;
stems erect, 15-40 cm. high, leafless or with 1-2 pairs of pinnate,
sessile leaves; basal leaves numerous, linear or linear-lanceolate in
general outline, 4-15 cm. long, including a petiole nearly as long as
the blade, imparipinnate, the leaflets 12-15-jugate, opposite or
subalternate, subequal, ovate or lanceolate, 3-10 mm. long, 2-4 mm.
wide, obtuse or subacute, sessile or short-petiolulate; flowers in
dense heads forming an interrupted spike, rarely the lower heads
on short branches; flowers polygamo-dioecious, the pistillate ones
smaller than the others; fruit ovate, obscurely 3-nerved on one face
and 1-nerved on the other, the pappus 10-rayed.
Cuzco: Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 3,800 meters, Pennell 13843. Also
in the mountains of Bolivia.
Valeriana nigricans Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 442. 1906.
Root fusiform; stem solitary, erect, 40-60 cm. high, subquad-
rangular; basal leaves ovate-cordate, 2-5 cm. long and wide, obtuse,
obscurely crenate, petiolate, glabrescent, the cauline smaller, ovate,
sessile or short-petiolate, crenate, pilose on the nerves beneath;
panicle contracted, trichotomous, the flowers subcapitate.
Junin: Huacapistana, 1,900-2,000 meters, Weberbauer 2001
(photo, of type seen).
306 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Valeriana nivalis Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 23. pi. 48, f. A. 1857.
Plant cespitose, the root thick, branched above; stems several,
erect, 5-10 (rarely up to 20) cm. high, glabrous; leaves mainly
basal, oblong-spatulate or obovate-spatulate, the blade 1.5-3 cm.
long, subabruptly tapering to the petiole, 5-13 mm. wide, obtuse
or rarely subacute, entire or obscurely serrulate, coriaceous, glabrous;
flowers in dense, solitary, terminal, globose heads up to 2 cm. in
diameter, often 1-2 pairs of similar but smaller, peduncled heads
below the terminal one; bractlets broadly oblong-obovate, 3-4 mm.
wide; fruit ovate-oblong, glabrous, obscurely nerved, the pappus
6-rayed.
Junin: Hacienda Runatullu, 4,500 meters, Weberbauer 6632.
Arequipa: Nevado de Chachani, 4,300-4,600 meters, Pennell 13302.
Arequipa, Stafford 368. Moquehua: Carumas, 4,500 meters, Weber-
bauer 7316. Puno: Lechler 1708. Cuzco: Paucartambo Valley,
3,800-4,200 meters, Hen era 1092, 2187, 231 4. Also in Bolivia.
Valeriana oblongifolia R. & P. Fl. 1: 40. pi. 65, f. a. 1798.
A low herb, with a thickened, fibrillose root; stems several, up
to 10 cm. long, erect or spreading, pilose; basal leaves oblong, 2-3.5
cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, obtuse, abruptly narrowed to the petiole,
irregularly dentate, pilose, the cauline leaves a single pair, linear-
lanceolate, 1.5-2 cm. long, sessile, laciniate-dentate; inflorescence a
single compact corymb; fruit oblong, apparently pappose.
Huanuco: Cerro de Pasco, Ruiz & Pavon (photo, of type seen).
Valeriana paniculata R. & P. Fl. 1: 41. pi. 70, f. a. 1798.
Plant hirsute or hirsutulous, the root woody, fibrillose; stem
60-100 cm. high; basal leaves and those of the sterile shoots simple,
cordate-ovate to ovate-oblong, 2-7 cm. long, 1.5-3.5 cm. wide, acute
or acuminate, cordate or rounded at the base, entire or denticulate,
the cauline leaves simple, or imparipinnate with 1-3 pairs of oblong
or ovate-oblong lateral leaflets; panicle diffuse, trichotomous and
repeatedly dichotomous; fruit lance-ovate, 3-nerved on one face,
1-nerved on the other, glabrous, the pappus 8-rayed.
Huanuco: Muna, Ruiz & Pavdn (fragment of type seen). Panao,
2,700 meters, 3628. Chaglla, 2,700 meters, 3645. Tambo de Vaca,
4,000 meters, 4408. Huacachi, 2,000 meters, 4185. Between
Huanuco and Pampayacu, Kanehira 281. Ayacucho: Choimacota
Valley, 3,400-3,500 meters, Weberbauer 7525. "Macae."
FLORA OF PERU 307
These specimens vary in the degree of indument, and most of
them have some of the cauline leaves simple, not all of them pinnate
as shown by the Ruiz and Pavon illustration.
Valeriana Pardoana Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 440. 1906.
A woody vine, climbing to 3 meters, the internodes elongate;
leaves ovate-lanceolate, 4-10 cm. long, 2.5-3 cm. wide, entire,
acuminate at both ends, petiolate, sparsely pubescent beneath;
inflorescence diffuse, the branches very slender, the flowers rather
evenly spaced out on the ultimate, filiform branches; fruit oblong,
about 1 mm. long.
Junin: Huacapistana, 1,800-2,000 meters, Weberbauer 2145
(type).
Valeriana parvula Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 500. 1928.
A low, cespitose herb, essentially glabrous throughout, the root
thick; leaves orbicular or ovate-orbicular, 7-10 mm. long, 7-8 mm.
wide, rounded at the apex, abruptly narrowed to a winged petiole
up to 10 mm. long; stems several, erect or decumbent, 2-3 cm. long,
leafless or with a pair of small, linear leaves at the base of the in-
florescence; inflorescence a terminal cyme about 1 cm. long and wide;
fruit broadly lance-ovate, 1-nerved on one face, obscurely 3-nerved
on the other, apparently epappose.
Cuzco: Cerro de Colquipata, 4,000-4,200 meters, Pennell 13756
(type).
Valeriana Pavonii Poepp. in Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp.
3: 16. pi 215. 1845.
A vine, woody at least toward the base; leaves ovate-lanceolate
or oblong-lanceolate, averaging about 4-6 cm. long and 2.5-3 cm.
wide, acuminate at both ends, entire, glabrous, sometimes pilosulous
on the nerves beneath; panicle diffuse, the branches pubescent, the
flowers usually in clusters of 2 or 3; mature fruit about 3 mm. long
and 2 mm. wide, glabrous or finely pilosulous, the pappus 15-20-rayed.
San Martin: Zepelacio, 1,200-1,600 meters, King 3366. Tara-
poto, Spruce 4356. Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews in 1830.
Huanuco: Huacachi, 2,000 meters, 4093. Pampayacu, 1,000
meters (Poeppig, type); 5063. Junin: Huacapistana, 1,800 meters,
Killip & Smith 24162. Ayacucho: Carrapa, 1,000 meters, Killip
& Smith 22464. Cuzco: Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 2,300 meters, Pennell
14023. Widely distributed in the Andes between 1,000 and 3,000
meters altitude.
308 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
This is one of the commonest species of Valeriana in the northern
Andes, and it is hard to believe that it was not described until
1845. V. laurifolia HBK., the identity of which has never been
fully established, may well be the earliest name for this species.
Valeriana Pennellii Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 499. 1928.
Plant glabrous throughout, the root thickened, the stem erect,
40-45 cm. high; basal leaves 15-25 cm. long, including a petiole
longer than the blade, imparipinnate, the terminal leaflet ovate,
1.5-2 cm. long, obtuse, entire, the lateral leaflets 4-6-jugate, ovate
or ovate-lanceolate, 5-8 mm. long, 3-5 mm. wide, sessile, entire,
the cauline leaves 1 pair, similar but smaller, subsessile; inflorescence
spiciform, the upper heads sessile on the main axis, the lower sessile
on short branches; bractlets obovate-spatulate, 1.5-2 mm. wide;
fruit oblong, purple-spotted, obscurely 1-nerved on one face, nerve-
less on the other, the pappus 6-rayed.
Cuzco: La Roya, 4,400-4,500 meters, Pennell 13510 (type).
Valeriana pilosa R. & P. Fl. 1: 39. pi. 66, f. a. 1798. V. longi-
folia var. pilosa Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 21. 1857.
Plant erect, about 30 cm. high, the rootstock thickened; stem
pilose, often very sparingly so or glabrescent; basal leaves numerous,
linear-lanceolate or narrowly spatulate, 10-15 cm. long, 0.5-1.5 cm.
wide, acuminate or subobtuse, tapering to a poorly defined, sheathing
petiole, glabrescent or faintly pilose, the cauline leaves linear, 1-4
cm. long; inflorescence narrow, trichotomously few-branched, the
flowers in dense clusters; bractlets obovate; fruit 1.5-2 rnm. long,
glabrous, obscurely 3-nerved on one face and 1-nerved on the other,
the pappus 6-rayed, pilose.
Amazonas: At 2,700-3,300 meters, Williams 7580. Chachapoyas,
Mathews 66. Huanuco: Mito, 1812, 3352. Junin: Diezmo (Ruiz
& Pav6n, type).
In the specimens cited above the leaves vary somewhat from
those of the Ruiz and Pavon illustration, and the indument is so
scant that the specific name pilosa is scarcely appropriate. Mac-
bride 3352 has leaves up to 20 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, thus being
intermediate between this species and V. Weberbaueri, and his No.
1812 bears a strong similarity to V. sphaerocephala.
Valeriana pinnatifida R. & P. Fl. 1: 40. pi. 69, /. 6. 1798.
An erect herb, 30 cm. high or more, glabrous throughout except
the pubescent nodes and fruit; root tuberous; basal and lower
FLORA OF PERU 309
cauline leaves petiolate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, entire, irregularly
crenate-dentate, or pinnatifid, up to 20 cm. long, including the
petiole, and 6 cm. wide, membranous, the upper cauline leaves
sessile, pinnatifid, the segments often toothed; inflorescence cymose
or cymose-paniculate, the flowers clustered, polygamous, the stami-
nate with a limb about 2 mm. wide, the limb of the others about
1 mm. wide; fruit flattened, broadly ovate, about 2.5 mm. long and
2 mm. wide, densely pilosulous and purple-mottled on both faces,
the pappus 10-rayed.
Lima: Lima, Ruiz & Pavdn (type); Nation in 1862. Amancaes,
200-400 meters, Pennell 14809; Mathews 727. Obrajillo, Wilkes
Expedition. Matucana, 2,400 meters, 146. Junin: Huariaca, 2,900
meters, 31 01.
This species has often been confused with V. interrupta, probably
because the leaves of that species often -closely resemble those
shown in Ruiz and Pavon's illustration of V. pinnatifida. The
Pennell and the Mathews specimens very closely correspond to the
original description of the lowest leaves being entire; they have
broadly ovate, densely pubescent fruits, which may serve as an
additional differentiating character.
Valeriana plectritoides Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 441. 1906. V.
oligodonta Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21: 351. 1931 (?).
Root thickened; stems few or numerous, erect, up to 30 cm.
high, essentially glabrous; basal leaves long-petioled, the blades
ovate to broadly rhombic-ovate, up to 5 cm. long and 4 cm. wide,
obtuse, gradually or subabruptly narrowed to the petiole, irregularly
sinuate-dentate, crenate-dentate, or denticulate, flabellate-nerved,
glabrous or sparingly ciololate, membranous, the cauline leaves
lanceolate or subrhombic, subsessile; flowers in dense, subglobose
heads terminal or in long-peduncled, axillary cymes or interrupted
spikes; bractlets obovate or linear-spatulate, about 1.5 mm. wide,
pale or rufescent; flowers polygamous, the staminate ones the
largest, the limb 3-4 mm. wide; fruit ovate-lanceolate, obscurely
1-nerved on one face, nerveless on the other, glabrous, pappose.
Puno: Cuyocuyo, 3,800 meters, Weberbauer 928 (photo, of type
seen). Sacsahuaman, 3,500-3,600 meters, Herrera 2190 (type of V.
oligodonta). Cuzco, 3,600 meters, Stafford 245.
Valeriana plectritoides var. pallida Graebn. loc. cit.
Plant slender, many of the stems divergent; flower clusters
smaller.
310 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Puno: Cuyocuyo, 3,800 meters (Weberbauer 928a, type). Ara-
ranca, 4,100-4,300 meters, Pennell 13438. Here perhaps belongs
also Pennell 13438a, which has a lax inflorescence.
Additional collecting must be done in southeastern Peru before
final disposition of this species and its close relatives, V. Herrerae,
V. sphaerocephala, and V. parvula, can be made. In V. oligodonta
the leaves are much larger and the inflorescence is more condensed
than in the type of V. plectritoides. The variety pallida is very
similar to Plectritis samolifolia in general appearance.
Valeriana pycnantha Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 322. 1862.
A low, cespitose herb, glabrous throughout, the rootstock woody,
thickened; leaves rosulate, linear-spatulate, 2-3 cm. long, 3-5 mm.
wide, tapering gradually to a broad petiole, entire, carnose; stem
stout, 1-4 cm. long, bearing near -the middle 2 or 3 oblong, sessile,
verticillate, carnose leaves; head solitary, ovoid or subglobose, about
1.5 cm. in diameter; fruit narrowly ovate-oblong, the pappus 5-7-
rayed, brownish.
Ancash: Cordillera de Pelagatos, Weberbauer 7238. Lima: Alpa-
marca, Wilkes Expedition (type). Casapalca, 4,700 meters, 823.
Without locality, Maclean.
Valeriana quadrangularis HBK. Nov. Geh. & Sp. 3: 326. 1819.
Plant suffrutescent, essentially glabrous throughout, the stem
quadrangular, 30-40 cm. high; basal leaves ovate-oblong, 3-3.5 cm.
long, about 1 cm. wide, obtusely acuminate, entire, or denticulate
toward the base, petiolate, the cauline leaves similar, slightly
smaller and subsessile; inflorescence cymose-paniculate, rather laxly
dichotomous, the branches quadrangular; fruit linear-oblong, the
pappus about 14-rayed.
Peru: "Andes," Humboldt &Bonpland (type).
This is a doubtful species, as to both the systematic position it
should occupy and its place of occurrence. It very closely re-
sembles V. adscendens Turcz., an Ecuadorean species. If actually
from Peru, it was presumably collected in the northern part. It
was described as a shrub, and has been placed next to V. Grisiana
by Hock (Bot. Jahrb. 3: 49). The stem, however, is not densely
leafy as in other species of this group.
Valeriana radicata Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 436. 1906.
Plant erect, glabrous throughout, 25-50 cm. high, with a thick,
elongate root; leaves imparipinnate, 2-5-jugate, the basal about 15
cm. long, the leaflets broadly ovate or suborbicular, entire, the
FLORA OF PERU 311
terminal one about 3 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, the lateral ones much
smaller, the cauline leaves with oblong, acute leaflets; panicle rather
contracted, the lower branches elongate, the flowers in dense clusters;
bractlets linear, less than 1 mm. wide; fruit ovate, pilose on one
face, pappose.
Puno: Azangaro (Weberbauer J^65, type). Near Puno, Soukup
31. Cuzco: Cuzco, Soukup 52. "Phusa-phusa."
Valeriana renifolia Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 453.
1925.
Root elongate; stems several, erect, about 65 cm. high, pilose
below, glabrescent above; basal leaves subreniform or broadly ovate,
1.5-3.5 cm. long, 2.5-3 cm. wide, rounded, coarsely crenate-dentate
or repand-dentate, petiolate, glabrescent or sparsely pilose, the
cauline oblong or lanceolate-oblong, about 1.5 cm. long and 7 mm.
wide, sessile, irregularly glandular-denticulate; panicle diffuse, the
primary branches 2-4 at a node, repeatedly dichotomous, the
flowers borne singly; fruit ovate, 1-1.5 mm. long, 3-nerved on one
face, 1-nerved on the other, papillose, glabrous, the pappus 8-rayed.
Junin: Huariaca, 2,900 meters, 3099 (type).
Valeriana rufescens Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21: 352.
1931.
Plant rufo-tomentellous nearly throughout; stems several, from
a woody rootstock; leaves lanceolate in general outline, the basal
numerous, 8-10 cm. long, including the petiole, 1.5-2 cm. wide,
pinnate in the lower half, the leaflets oblong or oblong-spatulate,
serrate, pinnatifid in the upper half, the cauline leaves few, similar
to the basal, sessile or short-petioled; inflorescence racemose-panic-
ulate or pyramidal, 7-8 cm. long, 2-2.5 cm. wide, the flowers in
subglobose clusters on short branches; flowers apparently dioecious,
the limb of the staminate ones nearly 4 mm. wide, deeply lobed,
that of the pistillate ones 1.5-2 mm. wide; fruit narrowly oblong,
obscurely 3-nerved on one face and 1-nerved on the other, the
pappus 8-rayed.
Huanuco: Munna (Muna?), 3,800-3,900 meters, Weberbauer 6786
(type).
Valeriana scandens L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 47. 1762.
A slender, herbaceous vine, glabrous throughout; leaves trifolio-
late, long-peticlate, membranous, the leaflets repand or sinuate-
dentate, rarely entire, the terminal one broadly ovate, rounded or
312 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
cordate at the base, the lateral ones lance-ovate, oblique; panicles
axillary and terminal, lax, diffuse; fruit about 3 mm. long, strongly
3-nerved on one face and 1-nerved on the other, glabrous, the
pappus 10-rayed.
Widely distributed in the warmer parts of the American tropics.
Represented in Peru by the following variety, also of wide distri-
bution:
Valeriana scandens var. Candolleana (Gardn.) C. Muell. in
Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 4: 344. 1885. V. Candolleana Gardn. Lond.
Journ. Bot. 4: 112. 1845.
Leaves simple, deltoid or ovate, acuminate, coarsely dentate,
at least toward the base.
San Martin: Zepelacio, 1,200-1,600 meters, King 3545.
Valeriana serrata R. & P. FL 1: 40. pi. 68, /. c. 1798.
Plant cespitose, glabrous throughout, the root about 2.5 cm.
thick at the apex, the stems erect, 15-20 cm. high, leafless except
for a pair of foliaceous bracts at the base of the inflorescence; basal
leaves lanceolate-spatulate, 2-5 cm. long, 0.5-1 cm. wide, acute,
serrate toward the apex; inflorescence an interrupted spike, the
heads all sessile; fruit oblong, pappose.
Ancash: Cheuchin, Ruiz & Pavdn (type).
Valeriana sphaerocephala Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 441. 1906.
Plant essentially glabrous throughout; stem erect, 40-50 cm.
high, from a thick rootstock; basal leaves ovate or lanceolate, 1-3
cm. long, 0.6-1.5 cm. wide, obtuse or subacute, entire or with 1-2
coarse, rounded teeth, tapering to a slender petiole up to 6 cm. long,
the few cauline leaves linear, short-petioled or subsessile; inflo-
rescence racemiform, the flowers in dense, distinct heads, all but the
upper of which are peduncled, sometimes sessile on a short branch
at the lower nodes of the inflorescence; fruit black, pappose.
Puno: Sandia, 3,100 meters, Weberbauer 854a (type).
Valeriana sphaerophora Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 440. 1906.
Plant glabrous throughout, the rootstock thick, the stems erect,
50-70 cm. high; basal leaves 10-15 cm. long, including a petiole
about as long as the blade, 1-2 cm. wide, imparipinnate, the leaflets
usually 3-6-jugate, subequal, entire, incised, or pinnatifid, the
cauline 1-2 pairs, similar to the basal, subsessile; inflorescence race-
mose-paniculate, the upper heads sessile on the main axis, the lower
sessile on short branches; fruit lance-ovate, blackish, pappose.
Puno: Sandia, Cuyocuyo, 3,100 meters, Weberbauer 854 (type).
FLORA OF PERU 313
Valeriana Tessendorffiana Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 438. 1906.
Plant erect, 1-2 meters high, pilosulous or glabrescent, the root
woody, fibrillose; lower leaves and those of the sterile shoots obovate-
lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 6-10 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide, acu-
minate, cordulate at the base or tapering gradually to a narrowly
winged petiole, the upper leaves broadly ovate, sessile; panicle
diffuse, trichotomous and dichotomous, the branches ascending;
fruit lanceolate, about 3 mm. long, subcarinate, 3-nerved and gla-
brous on one face, 1-nerved and sparingly pilosulous on the other,
pappose.
Huanuco: Monzon, 3,200 meters, Weberbauer 3365 (type). Mito,
2,700 meters, 1399. Panao, 2,700 meters, 3616.
Valeriana thalictroides Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 443. 1906.
Plant essentially glabrous throughout, the rootstock branched
and thickened at the apex, long-tapering at the base, the stems
numerous, erect or suberect, 10-40 cm. high; basal leaves long-
petioled, linear-lanceolate, 10-20 cm. long, imparipinnate, 10-15-
jugate, the leaflets lanceolate or ovate, 5-15 mm. long, 2-5 mm. wide,
acute or subobtuse, subentire or with 2-4 teeth, the cauline leaves
similar, smaller, subsessile; inflorescence racemose-paniculate or
pyramidal, contracted, the flowers in dense heads, contiguous on
the branches; fruit ovate, obscurely 1-nerved on one face, nerveless
on the other, the pappus 10-rayed.
Lima: Rio, 4,500 meters, 2993. Viso, 2,700 meters, 609. Ticlio,
4,600 meters, Ledig 31. Casacancha, Wilkes Expedition. Between
Lima and Tarma, Isern 2024- Junin: Santa Oroya (La Oroya?),
3,700-3,800 meters, Weberbauer 2580 (type). Huaron, 4,200 meters,
1128. Anchi, Savatier in 1877.
Valeriana tomentosa HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 327. 1819.
V. friasana Schmale, Repert. Sp. Nov. 41: 292. 1937.
A woody vine, the stem terete, cano-tomentose or villous with
simple or stellate hairs; leaves cordate-ovate, 2-12 cm. long, 1-7 cm.
wide, acuminate or subobtuse, denticulate or subentire, petiolate
(petioles 1-2.5 cm. long), pilosulous above, cano-tomentose beneath,
the hairs stellate; panicle diffuse, trichotomous and dichotomous;
fruit broadly ovate, finely pilosulous, 3-nerved on one face, 1-nerved
on the other, the pappus 10-rayed.
Piura: Above Palambla, 2,700-2,800 meters, Weberbauer 6037.
Frias, Prov. Ayavaca, 2,900 meters, Weberbauer 6403 (type of V.
friasana). Also in the mountains of Ecuador.
314 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Valeriana Trichomanes Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 445. 1906.
A low, cespitose herb, glabrous throughout, with a thickened
rootstock; leaves linear in general outline, up to 4 cm. long and 1 cm.
wide, petiolate, membranous, imparipinnate, the leaflets ovate or
ovate-lanceolate, 2-^1-dentate; stem 3-5 cm. high, leafless or with a
pair of small, sessile, pinnate leaves; inflorescence a single sub-
globose or ovoid head; flowers polygamous, the pistillate and perfect
ones with a narrow, elongate tube, the staminate with a short,
broad tube.
Lima: Chicla, 3,720 meters, Weberbauer 234 (photo, of type
seen).
Valeriana urticaefolia HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 330. pi. 275.
1819. V. erysimoides Poepp. in Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp.
3: 16. 1845.
An annual with a tuberous root; stem slender, simple or few-
branched, hirsutulous with reflexed hairs, at least toward the base;
leaves membranous, rotund-cordate, 2-4 cm. long, rounded or sub-
acute, dentate or sinuate-dentate, petiolate, hirsutulous or glabres-
cent, the upper cauline ones sessile and usually somewhat smaller;
inflorescence paniculate, the branches slender, ascending, 2-3 times
dichotomous, the flowers secund, appressed to the rachis; fruit ovate,
conspicuously 1-nerved on both faces, pilosulous on one face, gla-
brous on the other, thick-margined, the pappus 10-12-rayed, tardily
developing.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews 3103. Cajamarca: Rio Taba-
conas, 1,200-1,300 meters, Weberbauer 260. Huanuco : Cochero
(Poeppig, type of y. erysimoides}. Piedra Grande, 1,500 meters,
3699. Department uncertain: San Carlos, Mathews 1543. Without
locality: Mathews 2073. Also in Colombia and Ecuador.
Valeriana variabilis Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 443. 1906.
An erect herb, 10-30 cm. high, glabrous throughout, with an
elongate, thickened root; basal leaves numerous, long-petiolate,
imparipinnate, the leaflets ovate or obovate, dentate, the terminal
one 2-4 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, the lateral ones 3-5-jugate, much
smaller, the lower pairs remote, the cauline leaves few, smaller and
short-petioled; flowers in subglobose clusters which are solitary or
numerous and paniculate.
Puno: Pucara, 3,700 meters, Weberbauer 423 (photo, of type seen).
The above diagnosis is derived from the original description and
the photograph of the type. Several other specimens, listed below,
FLORA OF PERU 315
seem to represent a robust form of this and are tentatively referred
here. The plants attain a height of 2.5 meters, according to the
collectors' notes; the leaves are up to 25 cm. long, the leaflets as
much as 8 cm. long and 4 cm. wide; the inflorescence is diffusely
paniculate. The general appearance of some of the specimens is
much like that of V. Warburgii. The fruit is uniformly broadly
ovate, abruptly tapering to a beak, and is densely pilosulous.
Ayacucho: Between Huanta and Pargora, 3,000 meters, Kittip &
Smith 221 84- Cuzco : Cuzco, Soukup 253. Pisac, 3,600-3,700 meters,
Pennell 13730. Colquipata, 3,200-3,300 meters, Pennett 13783.
Urubamba Valley, 3,000 meters, Cook & Gilbert 1166; Herrera 1365,
3443.
Valeriana verrucosa Schmale, Repert. Sp. Nov. 42: 293. 1937.
An erect herb, up to 150 cm. high, essentially glabrous throughout,
the root napiform; basal and cauline leaves similar, membranous,
imparipinnate, the leaflets 3-5-jugate, ovate-lanceolate or oblong,
remotely serrate or subentire, the terminal one up to 5 cm. long, the
lateral smaller; panicle diffuse, trichotomous and repeatedly dichot-
omous; fruit broadly ovate, about 2 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide,
strongly verrucose, the pappus 10-rayed.
Huancavelica: Colcabamba, 2,000-2,100 meters, Weberbauer
6467 (type). Ayacucho: Carrapa, 1,500 meters, Killip & Smith
22378, 22410, 22429.
Valeriana virgata R. & P. Fl. 1: 42. pi. 66, f. b. 1798.
A much branched shrub up to 100 cm. high, minutely puberulent
throughout, rarely glabrescent; stem quadrangular, leafy, the
branches virgate, erect; leaves imparipinnate, the leaflets numerous,
narrowly linear and entire, or digitate-lobed, obtuse; inflorescence
cymose or cymose-paniculate, usually contracted; flowers poly-
gamous, the staminate the larger; fruit ovate, 3-nerved on one face,
1-nerved on the other, glabrous, the pappus 12-rayed.
Lima: Province of Canta, Ruiz & Pavdn (photo, and fragment of
type seen). Chaglla, 3,200 meters, Weberbauer 6690. Department
uncertain: Pintac, 3,900 meters, Pearce in 1867.
Valeriana Warburgii Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 439. 1906.
An erect herb, 2 meters high or more, the stem and leaves spar-
ingly pilose or glabrescent; basal and cauline leaves similar, impari-
pinnate, the leaflets interruptedly 5-8-jugate, opposite, or the lower
alternate, broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, up to 9 cm. long and
316 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
5 cm. wide, acuminate or subobtuse, coarsely dentate or repand-
dentate, membranous, sessile, or the lower petiolulate; panicle dif-
fuse, trichotomous and repeatedly dichotomous; fruit lance-ovate,
3-nerved on one face, 1-nerved on the other, glabrous, the pappus
8-rayed.
Huanuco: Yanano, 2,400 meters, 3797. Ayacucho: Carrapa,
1,500 meters, Kittip & Smith 22410. Moquehua: Carumas, 3,100
meters, Weberbauer 7482. Puno: Sandia, 2,400 meters, Weberbauer
555 (type).
Valeriana Weberbaueri Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 438. 1906.
Stem stout, 1-1.5 meters high, strongly ribbed, pilose; leaves
lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, tapering to an obtuse apex, gradually
narrowing at the base to a broad, sheathing petiole, coriaceous,
glabrous above, densely reflexed-pilose on the midnerve beneath,
the basal leaves 30-40 cm. long, 2-4.5 cm. wide, the cauline 7-15
cm. long, 1-3.5 cm. wide; inflorescence densely paniculate, the
panicle up to 40 cm. long, trichotomous, the flowers in dense, sub-
globose clusters; bractlets broadly obovate, 2.5-3 mm. wide; fruit
oblong, obscurely 1-nerved on one face, closely 3-nerved on the other,
the pappus 6-rayed.
Huanuco: Monzon, 3,400-3,500 meters, Weberbauer 3325 (type).
Tambo de Vaca, 3,950 meters, 4427.
4. STANGEA Graebn.
Cespitose, acaulescent or subacaulescent, perennial herbs, the
roots fusiform and thickened at the apex, or stoloniferous; leaves
densely rosulate, fleshy; inflorescence sessile or terminating a short,
thick scape, densely flowered, flat-topped, hemispheric, or sub-
globose; bracts cuneate or cuneate-obovate; flowers polygamous
(always?); corolla limb 5-parted, the segments rounded; anthers
linear or linear-oblong, sessile or short-filamentose; fruit nerve-
less, pappose.
The present treatment of this genus is derived almost wholly
from Graebner's account. I have seen none of the specimens which
he cites, though photographs of all but one of the type specimens
are at hand. Further collecting will perhaps show that the lines of
differentiation between some of the species are too fine.
Plant densely cespitose, without stolons.
Leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong, acute or subobtuse, sessile.
S. Erikae.
FLORA OF PERU 317
Leaves subrotund, ovate, or cordate, obtuse or rounded, abruptly
narrowed to a petiole.
Leaves averaging 1-1.5 cm. wide; flowers rose... S. Henrici.
Leaves averaging 1.5-2.5 cm. wide; flowers yellowish white.
S. rhizantha.
Plant loosely cespitose, stoloniferous.
Leaves obtuse, glabrous, the petioles up to 3 cm. long; inflorescence
subglobose S. Paulae.
Leaves acuminate, pilosulous, the petioles up to 1 cm. long; inflo-
rescence hemispheric S. Wandae.
Stangea Erikae Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 450. 1906.
Plant densely cespitose, forming a hemispheric mass about 4 cm.
high; leaves oblong, 0.8-2 cm. long, 4-6 mm. wide, acute or subobtuse,
sessile; inflorescence very dense, shorter than the leaves; bracts
obovate, mucronate.
Ancash: Yanganuco, near Yungai, 4,600-4,700 meters, Weber-
bauer 8272 (photo, of type seen).
Stangea Henrici Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 449. 1906.
Root strongly thickened; leaves subrotund, 2-5 cm. long in-
cluding a broadly linear, sheathing petiole, 1-1.5 cm. wide; stem
very short or up to 3 cm. long; inflorescence about 1 cm. high and
5 cm. wide; bracts cuneate or obcordate; flowers rose; fruit oblong,
about 3 mm. long, blackish.
Ancash: Huaraz, 4,500 meters (Weberbauer 2962, type).
"Corihuajaj."
Stangea Paulae Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 450. 1906.
Plant loosely cespitose, the root stoloniferous; leaves laxly
clustered, obovate or oblong-obovate, 1-1.5 cm. long, 4-5 mm. wide,
obtuse, tapering gradually to a slender petiole 1.5-3 cm. long; inflo-
rescence subglobose, sessile or short-peduncled ; corolla tube gradually
dilated toward the apex.
Puno: Ananca, Province of Sandia, 4,700-4,900 meters, Weber-
bauer 1036 (photo, of type seen).
Stangea rhizantha (A. Gray) Killip, comb. nov. Valeriana
rhizantha A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 322. 1862. Stangea Emiliae
Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 449. 1906.
Plant densely cespitose, the root fusiform, much thickened in
the upper part; leaves closely rosulate, spatulate-rotund, cordate,
318 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
or broadly ovate, 1.5-4.5 cm. long including a broad petiole, 1-2.5
cm. wide, rounded at the apex; inflorescence very dense, sessile,
flat-topped or depressed, 2-4 cm. wide; flowers yellowish white;
fruit oblong, about 1 mm. long, the pappus 5-rayed.
Lima: Alpamarca, Wilkes Expedition (type). Rio Blanco, 4,600
meters, 3030. Alpamina, 4,500 meters (Weberbauer 5090). Junin:
Hacienda Arapa, near Yauli, 4,400 meters, Weberbauer 276 (photo,
of type of S. Emiliae seen).
Stangea Wandae Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37:450. 1906.
Plant stoloniferous; leaves subrosulate, ovate or lanceolate, 6-10
mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, acuminate, pilosulous, verrucose, the
petiole 5-10 mm. long, pilose; inflorescence short-peduncled, hemi-
spheric, 1-2 cm. wide; corolla tube constrict
