-500.5-
TB
BOTANICAL SERIES
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
FOUNDED BY MARSHALL FIELD, 1893
VOLUME XIII
FLORA OF PERU
PART VI, No. 2
BY
J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE
ASSOCIATE CURATOR, HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
B. E. DAHLGREN
CHIEF CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
EDITOR
PUBLICATION 393
CHICAGO, U.S.A.
OCTOBER 29, 1937
BOTANICAL SERIES
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
FOUNDED BY MARSHALI Fi j.,
VOLUME XIII
FLORA OF PERU
PART VI, No. 2
BY
J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE
ASSOCIATE CURATOR, HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
B. E. DAHLGREN
CHIEF CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OP BOTANY
EDITOR
PUBLICATION 393
CHICAGO, U.S.A.
OCTOBER 29, 1937
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OP AMERICA
BY FIELD MUSEUM TRESS
FLORA OF PERU
J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE
PLANTAGINACEAE. Plantain Family
By R. Pilger
Reference: Pflanzenreich IV. 269. 1937.
Annual or perennial herbs, or suffrutescent; leaves mostly
rosulate, alternate, or rarely (in subgenus Psyllium) opposite.
Flowers in axillary spikes, solitary in the axils of sessile bracts.
Sepals 4, alternating with the bracts. Corolla scarious, actino-
morphic, with a short tube and 4 mostly expanded or reflexed lobes.
Stamens 4, the filaments slender, the anthers versatile. Ovary
superior, 2-celled or in Bougueria 1-celled, the ovules 1-many in
each cell ; style 1 ; stigma simple. Fruit a transversely circumscissile
capsule or in Bougueria a 1-seeded, indehiscent nutlet. Species about
250, dispersed throughout the world.
Capsule at maturity circumscissile at the middle or below, the
upper portion deciduous; seeds 2-many 1. Plantago.
Fruit an indehiscent nutlet with 1 curved seed 2. B&ugueria.
1. PLANTAGO L.
For diagnosis see the description of the family.
Key to subgenera and sections
Leaves alternate, mostly rosulately congested.
Subgenus I. Euplantago Harms.
Ovules and seeds always 2, rather large, the hilum side concave.
Anterior sepals connate; peduncles sulcate; bracts elongate,
narrowed Sect. 6. Arnoglossum.
Anterior sepals free; peduncles not at all sulcate; bracts obtuse
or little narrowed; leaves linear. . . . Sect. 5. Leucopsyllium.
Ovules 3-many.
Ovules (6-)8-many; seeds angled; rhizome short; leaves con-
spicuously petioled; spikes elongate. . .Sect. 1. Polyneuron.
Ovules 4 or more; stems simple or multiparted, cespitose or
forming cushions; peduncles short to nearly obsolete, the
spikes few-flowered or the flowers reduced to 1.
Sect. 4. Oliganthos.
265
266 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Ovules 3; seeds flat on the hilum face; flowers open (mostly the
staminate) or closed, the corolla tube of the closed flowers
short; anthers minute; annuals or perennials, not at all or
scarcely branched, with lanceolate to elliptic leaves.
Sect. 2. Novorbis.
Ovules 3-4; seeds plane; flowers open or closed; bracts very
broad; anterior and posterior sepals little diverse; plants
small, with short, thick rhizomes Sect. 3. Oreophytum.
Leaves opposite. .Subgenus II. Psyllium Harms; Sect. 7. Psyllium.
Sect. 1. Polyneuron Dene, in DC. Prodr. 13, pt. 1: 694. 1852.
A single species in Peru P. major.
Sect. 2. Novorbis (incl. Cleisantha) Dene, in DC. Prodr. 13, pt. 1:
724. 1852.
Plants small, annual, with slender, rather elongate roots.
Bracts triquetrous-lanceolate; leaves lanceolate, rather thin.
P. myosuros.
Bracts ovate; leaves oblanceolate, somewhat rigid. . .P. humilior.
Plants larger, perennial or sometimes flowering the first year;
primary root usually disappearing ultimately.
Rhizome short.
Posterior sepals rotund-ovate, obtuse; leaf teeth often bidenti-
culate P. Durvillei.
Posterior sepals broadly ovate or rotund-ovate, abruptly
pointed; leaves scarcely denticulate P. hirtella.
Rhizome relatively elongate P. oreades.
Sect. 3. Oreophytum Dene, in DC. Prodr. 13, pt. 1: 644. 1852.
A single species in Peru P. Orbignyana.
Sect. 4. Oliganthos Barne"oud, Monogr. Plantag. 17. 1845.
Sepals connate below; plants not pulvinate P. tubulosa.
Sepals free; plants pulvinate P. rigida.
Sect. 5. Leucopsyllium Dene, in DC. Prodr. 13, pt. 1 : 704. 1852.
Plants annual, small, stemless.
Bracts about half as long as the calyx, roundish-ovate; leaves
filiform P. Macbridei.
Bracts two- thirds as long as the calyx, ovate; leaves linear-lanceo-
late or lanceolate . . .P. limensis.
FLORA OF PERU 267
Plants perennial, sometimes suffruticose.
Corolla lobes shortly narrowed from a broad base, shortly acute or
apiculate-acute.
Plants strongly ligneous or shrubby, the branches thick; pe-
duncles shorter than or about equaling the leaves.
P. polyclada.
Plants stemless or little branching, glabrous or sparsely pilose.
Bracts broadly rounded above P. amblyacme.
Bracts elliptic-ovate, narrowed above P. linearis.
Corolla lobes obtusely rounded, often emarginate, rarely narrower
and narrowed but never acute.
Plants definitely ligneous to suffrutescent, the branches more or
less elongate.
Peduncles rather elongate; leaves very narrowly linear; plants
laxly branched P. sericea.
Peduncles short; leaves to 2 mm. wide; plants densely cespi-
tose P. extensa.
Plants less ligneous, sparsely or shortly cespitose-branched.
Leaves only 3-8 mm. long; peduncles extremely short, the
spikes strongly reduced P. Godeti.
Leaves longer.
Peduncles conspicuously and densely villous-tomentose, the
spikes slightly pilose P. tarratothrix.
Peduncles variously pubescent but the indument less
developed.
Leaves spatulate-linear, silky- villous; plants diminutive.
P. lamprophylla.
Leaves linear to very narrowly linear.
Leaves glabrescent, with some long, fine hairs below,
subfiliform; peduncles to 20 cm. long. . P. congesta.
Leaves, at least the younger, densely pilose; peduncles
short.
Sepals lance-ovate or the posterior elliptic-ovate;
leaves very narrow, densely silky-pubescent;
plants small P. Weberbaueri.
Sepals broader.
Leaves nearly filiform, flexuous and reflexed in
drying, silky- villous P. compsophylla.
268 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Leaves narrowly linear, not at all flexuous, mostly
finally glabrescent, usually sulcate above.
P. monticola.
Sect. 6. Arnoglossum Dene, in DC. Prodr. 13, pt. 1: 714. 1852.
One species adventive in Peru P. lanceolata.
Sect. 7. Psyllium Dene, in DC. Prodr. 13, pt. 1: 733. 1852.
One species adventive in South America P. Psyllium.
Plantago amblyacme Pilger, Repert. Sp. Nov. 15: 421. 1919.
Perennial, the rhizome short or very short, with one many-
leaved rosette or several densely aggregate ones; leaves somewhat
coriaceous, narrowly linear-lanceolate, glabrous or the younger ones
sparsely villous, 8-13 cm. long, 2.5-3.5 mm. wide; inflorescences
few, the erect peduncles 10-22 cm. long, the short, cylindraceous,
dense spikes 2-3.5 cm. long; bracts attaining three-fourths the
length of the calyx, elliptic, broadly rounded at the tip, 2.5-3 mm.
long, with prominent, broad keel; sepals 3 mm. long, the anterior
obovate, emarginate, the posterior rotund-elliptic, concave, strongly
keeled; corolla lobes rotund-ovate, minutely apiculate, slightly
brownish-spotted at the base, 2.5 mm. long.
Piura: Cordillera west of Huancabamba, 3,200 meters, Weber-
bauer 6047, type.
Plantago compsophylla Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 644. 1906. P.
congesta R. & P. ex Pilger, op. cit. 62: 77. 1928, non P. congesta
R. &P. Fl. 1:51. 1798.
A perennial with rather slender root, short, lignescent, simple
or shortly branching stem, and densely congested leaves, these at
first erect, flexing or reflexing in age, narrowly linear, 6-10 cm. long,
ashy white with a silky- villous indument; inflorescences few, the
peduncles 11-15 cm. long; bracts two-thirds as long as the calyx,
broadly ovate, obtuse, minutely villous; sepals 3 mm. long, gla-
brescent, the anterior obovate-elliptic, strongly carinate, the broadly
elliptic posterior ones with thick, rather narrow keel; corolla lobes
broadly ovate, obtuse, 2.5 mm. long, with broad, concurrent, brown
striae from the base nearly to the tip. Neg. 14155.
Junin: Mountain east of Palca, 2,700-3,000 meters, Weberbauer
2448, type; 248.
Plantago congesta R. & P. Fl. 1: 51. pi 79. 1798. P. Dombeyi
Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 62: 76. 1928.
FLORA OF PERU 269
A stout-rooted perennial with short, densely congested, ligneous
branches or more or less laxly branched, ligneous stems; leaves
crowded at the tips of the branches, somewhat rigid, straight or
arcuate, very narrowly linear, flat, 5-11 cm. long, to 1.5 mm. wide,
hairy, especially below, with long to very long trichomes; peduncles
8-25 cm. tall, long-pubescent toward the base, the short-cylindric
spike 2 cm. long; bracts about two-thirds as long as the calyx,
ovate, 3-4 mm. long, the back above slightly short-villous, the
keel rather narrow; sepals 3-4 mm. long, the anterior narrowly
elliptic, the posterior ovate to rotund-elliptic; corolla lobes ovate,
obtuse, with brunnescent spots and nearly percurrent striae, 2.5-
3.5 mm. long; seeds brown, 3 mm. long. Ruiz and Pavon give the
type locality as Province of Tarma, in the hills about Huichay,
Morocamcha, and Camcham; in their collections at Madrid is a
specimen labeled simply "Tarma." Negs. 29599, 14156.
Ancash: Between Samanco and Huaraz, 3,000-3,500 meters,
Weberbauer 8152. Lima: Stony places, 2,700 meters, Matucana,
340. Rio Blanco, 3,600 meters, 689. Huanuco: Stony slope,
Yanahuanca, 3,300 meters, 1240. Without locality, Dombey (Herb.
Kunth).
Plantago Durvillei Del. ex Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort.
Bot. Petrop. 3: 45. 1837; Linnaea 12: Litt. Ber. 105. 1838. P.
pachyneura Steud. ex Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 62: 17. 1928.
Leaves narrowly elliptic, above mostly shortly widened, either
broadly cuneate or arcuately narrowed, below usually narrowed
into a short, rather broad petiole, generally conspicuously dentate,
the teeth often bi denticulate; spikes dense above; bracts lance-
elliptic or ovate-elliptic; anterior sepals elliptic or obovate-elliptic,
the posterior ones rotund-ovate or nearly rotund; seeds 3, elliptic,
2 mm. long or slightly longer.
The species extends from Chile to southern Peru, appearing
again in California, with scattered localities in Ecuador and Mexico.
Plantago Durvillei Del. subsp. Pflanzii Pilger, comb. nov. P.
Pflanzii Pilger, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 261. 1912. P. pachy-
neura Steud. subsp. Pflanzii Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 62: 18. 1928.
Root usually not at all evolute; leaves to 20 (-30) cm. long,
slightly or conspicuously dentate, more or less short-villous, often
rather white-ciliate marginally; peduncles stout, the spikes elongate;
bracts and sepals ciliolate, the latter 3 mm. long.
270 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Lima: Matucana, 2,400 meters, 181, 397. Huanuco: Moist
places, Mito, 3,000 meters, 1428. Cuzco: Sacsahuaman, 3,200 meters,
Herrera207. Cultivated lands, Cuzco, Herrera 292. "Sackarara."
Plantago Durvillei var. grandidens Pilger, comb. nov. P.
Pflanzii Pilger, var. grandidens Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 50: 267. 1913.
P. pachyneura Steud. subsp. Pflanzii Pilger, var. grandidens Pilger,
op. cit. 62: 19. 1928. P. rectirostris Wallr. ex. Walp. Nov. Act.
Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol. 19, Suppl. 1: 401. 1843.
Leaves broader, elliptic or even broadly elliptic, 5-8, rarely
8-15 cm. long, most often prominently and irregularly dentate;
peduncles 7-19 cm. long, the spikes 4-19 cm. long.
Lima: Southwest of Matucana, 2,500 meters, Weberbauer 172.
Puno: Meyen.
Plantago extensa Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 644. 1906.
A perennial with a thick, woody root, the short, stout branches
congested into low, dense mats; leaves rigid, narrowly linear, 3-7
(-10) cm. long, to 2.5 mm. wide, densely ashy-silky-pilose; peduncles
mostly shorter than the leaves, the rather few-flowered spikes 1-1.5
(to nearly 2) cm. long; bracts silky- villous, triquetrous-ovate, 3
mm. long; sepals villous, 4 mm. long, the anterior ones elliptic,
the posterior ones broadly or roundish elliptic; corolla lobes rotund-
ovate or rotund-elliptic, 3 mm. long, with deep brown striae from
base to tip. Neg. 14157.
Junin: Between Tarma and La Oroya, 3,600-4,200 meters,
Weberbauer 2557, type. Valle de Tarma, Nov. 29, 1863, Isern.
Stony slope, La Oroya, 4,000 meters, 977.
Plantago Godeti Beauverd, Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve II. 14: 181.
/. 14. 1923; Pilger, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 10: 835. 1929.
Young plants forming little cushions, the adult ones becoming
laxly branched, diminutive shrubs about 8 cm. high; branches
densely clothed with the remains of the sheaths; leaves congested
at the tips of the branches, only 3-8 mm. long, thickish, densely
pubescent with a white-ashy-silky indument; spikes almost obsoletely
pedunculate, greatly reduced, only 2-flowered; bracts rotund-ovate,
3 mm. long; sepals nearly 3 mm. long, the anterior ones obovate-
elliptic, the posterior ones rotund-obovate; corolla lobes ovate,
shortly narrowed, 2 mm. long.
Huancavelica: At about 4,000 meters, Huaron, Godet, type.
Ancash: Pueblo east of Huaraz, on dry, stony slopes, 3,150 meters,
2503.
FLORA OF PERU 271
Plantago hirtella HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 229. 1818, emend.
Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 50: 274. 1913.
Rhizome short, the root soon disappearing; leaves rosulate, 10-12,
rather thin, narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovate-elliptic, 8-25 (-30)
cm. long, 3.5-6 cm. broad, subentire or somewhat denticulate, sub-
glabrous or villous; spikes few, slender, lax below, 12-25 cm. long,
the peduncles 12-30 cm. high; bracts narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 2.5
mm. long, sparsely pubescent with short trichomes, thick-keeled;
sepals 2.2-2.7 mm. long, the anterior ones narrowly elliptic, bluntly
carinate, the posterior ones broadly ovate or rotund-ovate, abruptly
narrowed apically, the keel more or less acute; flowers closed or open,
the lobes of the closed ones narrowly ovate, acutish, 2.7 mm. long,
those of the open ones ovate or broadly ovate, 2.2-2.5 mm. long; seeds
3, elliptic, brownish olive or obscurely brown, 1.2-1.7 mm. long. The
area of distribution for the species extends from southern Brazil,
Paraguay, and Argentina through the Andes to Mexico.
Huanuco: Montana, Muiia, 2,100 meters, 3912. Northwest of
Mito, 3,300 meters, grassy uplands, 1932. Cuzco: Valle de San
Miguel, 2,000 meters, Herrera 1987. At 950 meters, in 1931, Biles.
Huasao, 3,200 meters, edge of an irrigating ditch, Herrera 3018.
Cuzco, Soukup 256. Puno: Cancharani, Soukup 39. "Llante*n,"
"huacac-coallon. ' '
Plantago humilior Pilger, nom. nov. P. humilis Dene, in DC.
Prodr. 13, pt. 1: 724. 1852; Pilger, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 10:
831. 1929, non P. humilis Jan.
Plants small, with a slender root and thickish, rather rigid,
oblanceolate leaves to 4-5 cm. long, sparsely pilose to nearly glabres-
cent; peduncles short, with the very short spike shorter than the
leaves, or the spike sometimes to 2 cm. long; bracts ovate or broadly
ovate; sepals 2 mm. long, the anterior elliptic, the posterior rotund;
corolla lobes ovate, 1.2-1.7 mm. long; seeds 3, pale olivaceous or
brown, usually narrowly elliptic, 1.7-2 mm. long.
Lima: Canta, 3,100 meters, bare, rocky slope, Pennell 14592.
Puno: Chuquibambilla, 4,000 meters, Pennell 13374', ledges of lime-
stone rock, 3,900 meters, Pennell 13404- Bolivia.
Plantago lamprophylla Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 645. 1906.
A low perennial with abbreviated, simple or little branched
stems and small, dense, many-leaved rosettes; leaves thickish,
spatulate-linear, 1-few, more than 2 cm. long, above to 2.5 mm. wide,
densely whitish or yellowish sericeous-villous, finally more or less
272 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
glabrescent; inflorescences rather many, the peduncles about equaling
the leaves, the small, ovoid-globose or globose spikes 5-7 mm. long;
bracts ovate, about equaling the calyx, 4 mm. long, long-hirsute-
villous; sepals 3-4 mm. long, copiously hirsute- villous, the anterior
ones narrowly obovate-elliptic with thick keel, the posterior ones
elliptic, the keel rather narrow; corolla lobes ovate-lanceolate, sub-
acute, 2.2 mm. long; capsule broad, rounded apically; seeds brown,
slightly shining, 2.5 mm. long. Illustrated, Weberbauer, 204. Neg.
14161.
Lima: Casapalca, 5,000 meters, loose soil, 841- Alpamina silver
mine, 4,500 meters, Weberbauer 5128. Junin: In mats, Yauli, 4,400
meters, Weberbauer 292, type. In limestone between Tarma and
La Oroya, 4,000 meters, Weberbauer 2537.
Plantago lamprophylla var. humillima Pilger, loc. cit.
Tiny, the densely crowded leaves never exceeding 1 cm. in length,
densely golden- or white-silky- villous; peduncles to 1 cm. long, or
the spikes sometimes nearly subsessile; bracts broadly ovate, 3.5 mm.
long; sepals 3 mm. long.
Junin: La Oroya, 4,300 meters, Weberbauer 2603. Puno: Huan-
cayo, 4,700 meters, Kittip & Smith 22092.
Plantago lanceolata L. Sp. PL 113. 1753.
Commonly occurring in Europe, this species is widely adventive
in South America. It is the source of an ingredient found sometimes
in cough drops, and an extract of the plant is often employed as a
gargle. P. major L. has the same properties.
Lima: Chosica, 900 meters, bank of irrigation ditch, 516.
"Llant&i."
Plantago limensis Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 139. 1805. P. hirsuta
R. & P. Fl. 1: 51. pi. 78. 1798, non P. hirsuta Gilib.
An acaulescent annual with a slender root and few to many
rosulate leaves, these linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, 3-11 cm. long,
slightly undulate or remotely and obtusely denticulate, ashy with a
somewhat sericeous, villous-lanigerous indument, the younger parts
even floccosely lanigerous-tomentose; peduncles 4-19 cm. long, the
short, cylindric spike to 6 cm. long; bracts about two-thirds as long
as the calyx, ovate or triangular-ovate, strongly carinate like the
sepals, these 4 mm. long, the anterior ones narrowly elliptic, the
posterior ones narrower, elliptic, concave; corolla lobes narrow,
linear-elliptic, acutish; seeds lustrous, obscurely fulvous, 3 mm. long.
Neg. 14162.
FLORA OF PERU 273
Lima: Lurin, Mathews. Huanuco: Dombey. Junin: Tarma,
Ruiz & Pav6n. Arequipa: Hills near Islai, Isern (det. Madrid).
Mollendo, sandy places, loma, Weberbauer 1459.
Plantago limensis f. tenuior Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 62: 45. 1928.
Slender, with narrow leaves 11-12 cm. long and 1-3 mm. broad,
less copiously pubescent; peduncles to 17 cm. long, the spike few-
flowered or to 2 cm. long.
Lima: Stony slope, Chosica, Weberbauer 5344- Stony slopes,
2,700 meters, Huaitara, Weberbauer 5417.
Plantago limensis f. minima Pilger, loc. cit.
Diminutive, the nearly filiform leaves little rosulate, 2-4 cm.
long; spikes 1-2, the slender peduncles 4-6 cm. long, the spike
2-4-flowered.
Arequipa: Tambo near Mollendo, in the loma, Weberbauer 1577a.
Plantago Hnearis HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 229. 1818. P.
luzuloidea Dene, in DC. Prodr. 13, pt. 1: 710. 1852. P. Barneoudii
Dene. loc. cit.
Stem extremely short, from a rather slender root; leaves densely
rosulate, moderately rigid, narrowly linear, 4 to about 10 cm. long,
glabrescent or with a few white or whitish hairs; peduncles 6-11 cm.
long, long-pubescent below, above, especially below the spike,
hirsute- villous; spikes dense, to 2 cm. long; bracts cuneately narrowed
from the ovate base, obtuse, lightly villous, with a broad, thick keel ;
sepals 2.5 mm. long, apically a little villous, the anterior ones obovate-
elliptic, with a thick, broad keel, the posterior ones rotund-elliptic;
corolla lobes rotund-ovate, 2 mm. long, obscurely spotted basally;
capsule ellipsoid, the seeds oval, purplish brown, 2.5 mm. long.
The typical form of the species extends from Colombia to Peru; the
species, sens, lat., ranges from Mexico to northern Argentina. Neg.
14163.
Huanuco: Mito, open, stony slope, 3,000 meters, 3358, 1804.
Tambo de Vaca, 4,300 meters, 4375. Puno: Agapata, Lechler 1821.
Plantago Macbridei Pilger, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 10: 832.
1929.
A small annual with a slender root; leaves few, subrosulate,
extremely narrow or filiform by the incurved margins, 3-6 cm. long,
0.5 mm. in diameter, glabrous; spike solitary, the slender peduncle
finely pubescent, 5-11 cm. long, mostly with only 2 flowers; bracts
274 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
reaching about the middle of the calyx, broadly rotund, 2 mm. long;
sepals 2.5 mm. long, glabrescent, the anterior ones broadly obovate,
with a rather narrow keel, the posterior ones subrotund; corolla
lobes narrowly ovate, narrowed, 2 mm. long; capsule ellipsoid, the
dull, not at all lustrous seeds purplish brown, 2-2.3 mm. long.
Lima: Steep, stony slope, 2,600 meters, 478, type.
Plantago major L. Sp. PI. 112. 1753.
Plants medium-sized or larger, the ovate, more or less dentate
leaf blades rounded at the base, 10-17 cm. long, the teeth small to
large; petioles to 20 cm. long; peduncles 7-25 cm. long, the spike
4-13 cm. long, usually lax toward the base. This description is for
var. paludosa Be"guinol, subvar. incisa Pilger, adventive in Peru, as
the Tessmann collection. Cf. P. lanceolata L. for medicinal use.
Loreto : Middle Rio Ucayali, Tessmann 31 81 . Iquitos, 120 meters,
Williams 3577. Fortaleza, 200 meters, Williams 4325. San Martin:
San Roque, 1,400 meters, Williams 7755, 6928, 7146.Cuzco:
Machupicchu, Herrera 3199. A plant of Old World origin, widely
naturalized in America. "Llante'n."
Plantago monticola Dene, in DC. Prodr. 13, pt. 1: 711. 1852.
A small or diminutive perennial, the flowering stems of the
younger plants short and simple, becoming woody and densely to
nearly pulvinately branched; leaves many, densely congested,
narrowly linear, 2-11 cm. long, sulcate above by the recurving
margins, the younger ones more or less densely white- or rather
yellowish-silky-pilose, finally glabrescent or nearly so or in the
groove somewhat pilose; peduncles 2-10 cm. long, the short spike
ovate to short-cylindric; bracts two-thirds to three-fourths the
length of the calyx, broadly ovate, 3 mm. long, lightly villous or
glabrescent; anterior sepals elliptic or broadly elliptic, slightly
villous, the keel thick; posterior sepals rotund-elliptic, the keel
definitely narrow; corolla lobes ovate, obtuse, 2-2.7 mm. long;
seeds dark reddish brown, 2.5 mm. long. Neg. 14166.
The type, from the Puno region, is Weddell 4507. The species
is especially common in Bolivia and extends to northern Argentina
and northern Chile; in Peru are several aberrant forms.
Plantago monticola Dene, subsp. sericans Pilger, Bot. Jahrb.
62: 80. 1928.
Leaves 5-12 cm. long, 1-1.5 (rarely to 3) mm. wide, retaining
a rather dense, white or yellowish, silky indument; bracts more or
less densely villous; sepals villous above, 3 mm. long.
FLORA OF PERU 275
Puno: Araranca, 4,100 meters, rocky, siliceous slope, Pennell
13449, 13467. Northern Argentina; Bolivia.
Plantago monticola subsp. Herrerai Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 62:
81. 1928.
Larger, becoming densely cespitose; bracts narrowly ovate,
3.5-3.7 mm. long, moderately villous; sepals 3.5-4 mm. long, densely
villous; corolla lobes 2-2.7 mm. long. Illustrated, Herrera, Estudios
Fl. Cuzco, two pis. opp. p. 172. "Fchsu-i'chsu."
Plantago monticola var. maiuscula Pilger, loc. cit.
Finally densely cespitose, the leaves more or less minutely silky-
villous or in age glabrescent, to 15 cm. long; inflorescences numerous,
the more or less erect peduncles to 20 cm. tall.
Cuzco: About Cuzco, Herrera 174', at 3,600 meters, Herrera
3400. Valle del Paucartambo, 3,500 meters, Herrera 1827.
Plantago monticola var. maxima Pilger, loc. cit.
Root woody, to 1 cm. thick; branches very short, densely fas-
ciculate, thus forming large, extremely compact mats; leaves con-
volute from the margins, 1-1.5 mm. broad, or expanded to 2.5 mm.
broad, to 20 cm. long, with a fine, close, lustrous but rather plentiful,'
ashy villosity, at length glabrescent; inflorescences many, the
peduncles 15-25 cm. long.
Cuzco: Near Cuzco, 3,700-3,900 meters, Herrera 488.
Plantago monticola subsp. crispula Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 62:
81. 1928.
Comparatively small, the leaves only 2-4 cm. long, more or less
densely short- villous, slightly lustrous, finally glabrate; peduncles
2-4 cm. long, the spikes small.
Arequipa: Arequipa, 2,200-2,500 meters, Guenther & Buchtien
2002, 2011, 2013. Bolivia and northern Chile.
The species is employed in popular medicine as a diuretic and
blood purifier (Herrera).
Plantago myosuros Lam. 111. Gen. 1: 342. 1791.
Small or nearly tiny plants with slender, fusiform roots and
usually numerous rosulate, lanceolate leaves, these 4-10 (-15) cm.
long, 4-20 mm. wide, subentire or dentate, more or less sparsely
villous; peduncles 4-15 cm. long, the slender spikes 4-15 cm. long;
bracts subequaling the calyx, narrowly triquetrous-lanceolate, pubes-
cent with rigid, spreading hairs, conspicuously thick-carinate; sepals
276 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
similarly pubescent, 2-2.5 mm. long, the anterior narrowly elliptic,
the posterior broadly ovate or rotund-ovate; flowers closed or open,
the lobes narrowly ovate or ovate; seeds 3, commonly narrowly
elliptic, pale or dark brown-olive, 1.2-1.5 mm. long.
Lima: Matucana, 2,600 meters, on rock walls, 120. Rio Blanco,
5,000 meters, 780. Junin: Huancayo, 3,300 meters, Killip & Smith
22038. Widely distributed in southern Brazil, Uruguay, and Argen-
tina.
Plantago myosuros var. parviflora Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 50:
247. 1913.
Leaves lanceolate, small, conspicuously dentate; bracts 2-2.5
mm. long; sepals 1.7-2 mm. long; flowers closed or open.
Huanuco: Maria del Valle, on dry hill, 2,100 meters, 3550.
Plantago Orbignyana Steinh. ex Dene, in DC. Prodr. 13,
pt. 1:704. 1852.
Rhizome short, thick, the root rather elongate; leaves more or
less numerous, rosulate, narrowly ovate-elliptic or narrowly elliptic,
obtuse, narrowed to a short petiole, 2-6 cm. long, the margins
slightly undulate or distinctly and irregularly dentate, glabrescent
above, villous beneath or short- villous on both sides; peduncles to
5-6 cm. long, the densely flowered spikes to about 1.5 cm. long;
bracts broadly ovate, obtusely concave, more or less ciliate, 2.2-3
mm. long; sepals glabrous, 2-2.5 mm. long, the anterior ones elliptic
or broadly elliptic, the posterior ones rotund-ovate or rotund;
flowers closed or open, the small, ovate lobes 1-1.2 mm. long; seeds
3-4, dark olivaceous, narrowly elliptic, 2-2.5 mm. long.
Junin: Between Tarma and Jauja, 4,500 meters, Killip & Smith
219? '4. Arequipa: Arequipa, Guenther & Buchtien 1737. Puno:
Chuquibambilla, 3,900 meters, Pennell 13374a. Without locality,
Meyen. Southern Peru: Weddell. Northern Argentina; Bolivia.
Plantago Orbignyana var. lasiantha Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 50:
284. 1913.
Leaves more villous, little dentate; peduncles to 9 cm. long;
spikes lax at the base, nearly 3 cm. long; bracts long-villous-ciliate,
sparsely villous on the back, 3.5 mm. long; sepals short-ciliolate
toward the apex, 3 mm. long.
Lima: Chicla, 3,700 meters, among stones, Weberbauer 244, type.
Rio Blanco, 3,000-3,500 meters, Killip & Smith 21554; stony hill-
top, 4,500 meters, 2959.
FLORA OF PERU 277
Plantago oreades Dene, in DC. Prodr. 13, pt. 1: 699. 1852.
Rhizome stout, horizontal ; leaves lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate,
8-15 cm. long, entire or slightly obtuse-dentate, glabrous or beneath
on the nerves slightly villous; inflorescences few, the peduncles 10-17
cm. long; spikes 8-10 cm. long; bracts elliptic-ovate, 2.5-3 mm. long,
short-pubescent; sepals 2.5-2.7 mm. long, glabrescent, the anterior
ones elliptic, the posterior ones elliptic-rotund to rotund; corolla
lobes (in the open flowers) rotund-cordate, rounded apically, very
shortly apiculate by the percurrent nerve, 1.5-1.7 mm. long.
Lima : Puente de Anche", 3,500 meters, Weberbauer 225. Colombia.
Plantago polyclada Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 643. 1906.
Suffrutescent, with a very stout, ligneous root; stems divided at
the base into thickish, ligneous, ascending-suberect branches, densely
clothed with persistent, broad leaf sheaths, short-branching, especially
at the apex; leaves congested at the tips of the branchlets, linear,
2.5-9 cm. long, shortly silky-pilose, dilated at the base into tri-
quetrous sheaths, densely villous within; peduncles equaling or
shorter than the leaves, the subglobose, few-flowered spikes to 1 cm.
long; bracts about three-fourths as long as the calyx, oval-ovate;
sepals nearly 4 mm. long, the anterior ones narrowly elliptic, broadly
keeled, the posterior ones broadly to roundish elliptic, concave, with
a strong keel; corolla lobes roundish-elliptic, shortly narrowed and
pointed apically, 3 mm. long, marked from the base nearly to the
tip with brownish striations. Neg. 14169.
Puno: On limestone, 4,000 meters, Azangaro, Weberbauer 484,
type; 185.
Plantago Psyllium L. Sp. PI. 115. 1753.
A Mediterranean species, collected a number of times as an
adventive in South America, as in Ecuador and Bolivia, in cultivated
lands or sandy fields, but apparently not yet found in Peru.
Plantago rigida HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 227. pi. 126. 1818.
Pulvinate, composed of many small rosettes; leaves rigid, lustrous,
linear-lanceolate or linear, 1-2 cm. long, impressed-puncticulate
above; flowers unisexual; spikes reduced to a solitary flower; peduncle
of the staminate flowers extremely short; bract vaginately enclosing
the calyx, when expanded nearly semi-orbicular; sepals lance-oval,
6 mm. long; corolla tube narrow, 6-8 mm. long; anthers well exserted;
pistillate flower short-peduncled ; stigma well exserted; columnar
carpophore thickish, to 2 mm. long; 1-4 seeds developing, thick, 2 mm.
long, little-angled.
278 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
This species, which in typical form occurs most frequently on
the paramos of Ecuador and rarely in Colombia and Bolivia, is
represented in Peru by two varieties.
Plantago rigida var. pusilla Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 162. 1857.
Leaves to 1 cm. long; plants densely pulvinate, the branches
extremely short. Presumably it is this form that Weberbauer, 109,
describes as forming low, green cushions as broad as one-half meter,
composed of delicate rosettes pressed together, and recalling Azorella.
Ancash : Cordillera Yanashallash, between Huaraz and Chavin de
Huantar, 4,300-4,500 meters, Weberbauer 3292. Ayacucho: Prov.
La Mar, puna, 3,700 meters, Weberbauer 5591 Cuzco: Cerro de
Colquipata, open, grassy puna, 4,000 meters, Pennell 13755. Puno:
Sandia, above Cuyocuyo, 4,000 meters, Weberbauer 1050; 219. Also
at Carabaya, at over 4,000 meters, according to Weddell.
Plantago rigida var. angustior Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 646.
1906.
Leaves narrower than in the type, thicker, short, linear, shortly
rounded at the obtuse tip.
Ancash: Prov. Huari, above Ponto in bunch-grass formation,
4,200 meters, Weberbauer 3301.
Plantago sericea R. & P. Fl. 1: 51. pi. 79. 1798. P. vestita
R. & S. Syst. Veg. 3: 149. 1818.
Ligneous, nearly suffrutescent, the stems divided into many
decumbent or arcuate-ascending, laxly branching branches; leaves
densely crowded at the branchlet tips, marcescent, persisting, more
or less curving, narrowly linear, 2-5 cm. long, never more than 1 mm.
wide, slender-sulcate above, silky-pilose, the triquetrous sheath with
longer, villous-tomentose trichomes; inflorescences on each branch
few, the rigid but slender peduncles 10-15 cm. long; spikes short,
dense, 10-11 mm. long; bracts as much as half as long as the calyx,
broadly ovate, villous; sepals (anterior a little narrower) 3.2-3.5 mm.
long, elliptic or broadly elliptic, slightly villous, strongly carinate;
corolla lobes broadly elliptic or broadly ovate-elliptic, obtusish, 3 mm.
long, marked medially with rather wide striae; seeds narrow, about
3 mm. long, brownish. Neg. 14170.
Junin: On dry hill near Tarma, Ruiz & Pavdn.
Plantago tacnensis Pilger, Repert. Sp. Nov. 15: 424. 1919.
Plants small, annual; leaves rather numerous, rosulate, linear or
lance-linear, 1.5-4.5 cm. long, 1-3 mm. wide, gradually narrowed
FLORA OF PERU 279
to the subobtuse apex, lanate-villous with grayish white hairs;
inflorescences numerous, the peduncles decumbent or arcuate-ascend-
ing, equaling or slightly exceeding the leaves, the spikes small, lax,
usually distinctly interrupted, up to 1.5 cm. long, the axis tomentose-
villous; bracts half as long as the calyx, ovate, obtuse, villous-
ciliate, sparsely villous dorsally; sepals 2.5-2.7 mm. long, sparsely
villous dorsally; corolla lobes narrow, subobtuse, 1.5 mm. long;
capsule ellipsoid, finally longer than the calyx, up to 4 mm. long,
circumscissile below the middle; seeds large, blackish brown, lustrous,
smooth. Neg. 14171.
Tacna: Tacna, on bare, sandy hills, 800-900 meters, Woitschach
1890 and 1891, type.
Plantago tarattothrix Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 644. 1906.
A small perennial with a rather slender root and short stems parted
into many short branches; leaves many, fasciculate, narrowly linear,
6-9 cm. long, to 2 mm. wide, grayish white with a silky-villous or
floccose- villous pubescence; peduncles to 10 cm. long, densely yellow-
ish white or yellowish brownish villous-tomentose; spikes moderately
dense, to nearly 2 cm. long; bracts about two-thirds as long as the
calyces, ovate, 3.2-3.5 mm. long, long- villous; sepals 3 mm. long, the
anterior ones narrowly elliptic, marginally and dorsally long-villous
without, with a thick keel; posterior sepals rotund-elliptic to nearly
rotund, the keel rather narrow; corolla lobes broadly ovate-elliptic,
2 mm. long. Neg. 14172.
Cajamarca: Pass of Coimolache, above Hualgayoc, 4,000 meters,
Weberbauer 3962; 271.
Plantago tubulosa Dene, in DC. Prodr. 13, pt. 1: 728. 1852.
Rhizome short, little if at all divided; leaves densely rosulate,
rigid, lanceolate, 1-4 cm. long, coarsely dentate, lobate-dentate, or
nearly entire; flowers unisexual; staminate spike 1-2-flowered, the
peduncle nearly wanting; bracts clasping the spike, rotund-ovate
when expanded ; calyx 7-10 mm. long, the sepals connate below, the
free portions lanceolate; corolla tube 10-12 mm. long; anthers long-
exserted; pistillate spikes 1-2-flowered; stigma long-exserted; capsule
with columnar stipe (carpophore) to 3 cm. long or often much
shorter, thickish; seeds 4-6. Illustrated, Wedd. Chlor. And. 2:
pi. 64. Probably P. Purpusii Brandeg. from Mexico is not speci-
fically distinct.
Ancash: Huarapasca, bunch-grass slope, 4,950 meters, 2489.
Lima: Grassy slopes, Rio Blanco, 4,500 meters, 789. Huanuco: Wet
280 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
slopes, 3,600 meters, Mito, 1884- Puno: Carabaya, Weddell.
Northern Chile and northern Argentina to Ecuador.
Plantago Weberbaueri Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 62: 83. 1928.
A diminutive perennial with a woody, thickish root and short,
simple or branched stems, the branches clothed with dead leaf
remains; branches, if many, congested into compact cushions;
leaves narrowly linear, thickish, sulcate, 1-6 cm. long, densely
sericeous with a silvery or yellowish indument, finally, to greater or
less degree, glabrescent; inflorescences extremely small, the peduncles
1-6 cm. long, the spikes few-flowered; bracts ovate or rotund-ovate
at the base, more or less narrowed, 3-4 mm. long; sepals 3-4 mm.
long, the anterior ones lance-ovate, villous, thickly carinate, the
posterior sepals elliptic-ovate, concave; corolla lobes lance-ovate,
longish or long-narrowed, the apex obtusish, 1.5-3 mm. long, spotted
at the base. Neg. 14175.
Ayacucho: Silver mine of Santa In^s, in puna, 4,300 meters,
Weberbauer 5453, type. Lima: Rio Blanco, 4,000 meters, 736.
Huanuco: South of Mito, 3,700 meters, 1895, 1896Cuzco: At
3,400 meters, Hen era 135, 448 in part.
2. BOUGUERIA Dene.
Reference: Dene. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 5: 132. 1836; Hook. Lond.
Journ. Bot. 4: 567. pi. 19. 1845.
Spikes short, ovoid-globose, the bracts broad, even broadly
round-ovate, the nerves in the keel more or less marked. Sepals 4,
small, narrow, densely pubescent with long, slender hairs. Corolla
tube extremely slender, apically dentate but not distinctly lobed.
Stamen 1, the elliptic anther well exserted. Style filiform. Ovary
obovoid-globose, 1-celled, the ovule affixed to a short, columnar,
basal placenta, transverse, reniform-curved. Fruit indehiscent,
globose; embryo large, curved; cotyledons larger than the radicle.
The genus consists of a single species.
Bougueria nubicola Dene. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 5: 132. 1836;
Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 568. 1845.
Root stout, the stems short, simple, thick, densely yellowish-
long-lanate above in the axils of persistent leaves; leaves densely
rosulate, linear, 1-4 cm. long, or in young specimens to 6 cm. long,
the younger densely yellowish-silky-villous, gradually becoming
glabrescent and finally glabrate; peduncles 1-2.5 cm. long, the
spikes to 1 cm. long; bracts 5-5.5 mm. long; sepals 2 mm. long, the
FLORA OF PERU 281
corolla to twice as long. The type was collected by d'Orbigny at
4,800 meters, Las Lagunas above Potosi, Bolivia; Weddell gives a
Peruvian record as between Puno and Arequipa.
Ayacucho: Silver mine of Santa Ine"s, in puna, 4,300-4,500
meters, Weberbauer 5429. Puno: Sandia, Poto, 4,500 meters,
Weberbauer 994; 219 (in error as "nubigena"). Arequipa: Arequipa,
2,000-2,500 meters, Guenther & Buchtien 1734. Bolivia.
CAPRIFOLIACEAE. Honeysuckle Family
By E. P. Killip, U. S. National Museum
Shrubs, trees, or woody vines, rarely herbs; leaves usually
estipulate, opposite, simple or pinnate; flowers perfect, regular or
irregular; calyx tube adnate to the ovary, the limb 3-5-dentate
or lobate; corolla gamopetalous, rotate or tubular, the limb 5-lobed
or bilabiate; stamens usually 5, inserted on the corolla tube alternate
with the lobes; ovary inferior; style simple or lobed; fruit a berry,
drupe, or capsule, 1-6-seeded.
The Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.) is culti-
vated in northern Peru, and may have become established.
It is known as "madreselva" and "brinco de dama." Lonicera
Caprifolium L., likewise known as "madreselva," is cultivated in
Cuzco according to Herrera.
Leaves pinnate; fruit 3-5-seeded 1. Sambucus.
Leaves simple; fruit 1-seeded 2. Viburnum.
1. SAMBUCUS L.
Shrubs or trees; leaves pinnate or bipinnate, the leaflets serrate
or laciniate; flowers small, in compound, flat- topped or thyrsoidal
cymes; calyx 3-5-dentate; corolla regular, rotate, 3-5-lobed; fruit
a small drupe, containing 3-6 one-seeded nutlets.
The name "sauco" is applied to species of this genus throughout
Spanish America. In Cuzco S. peruviana is known also as "rayan."
The leaves have excitant- properties, and from the fruits is prepared
a sirup which is used for throat troubles and in the cure of ulcers.
Leaflets, or some of them, pinnately parted, glabrous or sparingly
pubescent on the midnerve, subcaudate, the serrations rather
distant toward the apex S. mexicana var. bipinnata.
Leaflets not parted, pubescent on the nerves and veins beneath,
acute, acuminate, or subobtuse, closely serrate throughout.
S. peruviana.
282 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Sambucus mexicana Presl, var. bipinnata (Schlecht. &
Cham.) Schwerin, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 1909: 34, 328. 1909.
S. bipinnata Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 171. 1830.'
A small tree or a shrub, 2-4 meters high (perhaps higher),
glabrous, or sometimes the under side of the midnerve of the leaflets
sparingly pilosulous; leaflets 5-7, the lower pairs usually trifoliolate
with the lateral leaflets reduced, ovate-lanceolate, 3-10 cm. long,
1^4 cm. wide, subcaudate-acuminate, sharply serrate, the teeth
rather distant toward the apex; inflorescence a flat-topped cyme
up to 20 cm. wide; corolla limb about 6 mm. wide; fruit black.
San Martin: Tarapoto, 750 meters, Williams 5933. San Roque,
1,350-1,500 meters, Williams 7028. Loreto : Mouth of Rio Pastasa,
150 meters, Killip, Smith & Dennis 29180. Mishuyacu, 100 meters,
King 860. La Victoria, Williams 2835. Iquitos, Williams 1428,
1532, 7919. Huanuco: Huanuco, Kanehira 206. Junin: San
Ramon, 1,700 meters, Killip & Smith 24713. Southwestern United
States, Mexico, and Central America to Venezuela and Peru.
Sambucus peruviana HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 429. 1820.
A medium-sized tree up to 12 meters high, the branchlets gla-
brous; leaflets usually 7, ovate or ovate-oblong, rarely obovate,
4-12 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, acute or acuminate, rarely subobtuse,
closely and evenly serrate, glabrescent above, hirtellous on the
midnerve and on the veins beneath; inflorescence a flat-topped
cyme; corolla limb about 6 mm. wide, the lobes suborbicular; fruit
black, 5-6-seeded.
Lima: Rio Blanco, 3,000-3,500 meters, cultivated, Killip &
Smith 21746. Huanuco: Pampayacu, Kanehira 188. Cuzco: Ollan-
taitambo, 3,000 meters, Cook & Gilbert 786. Huasao, 3,200 meters,
Herrera 3025. Also in Bolivia and northern Argentina. Apparently
also in Central America, where perhaps introduced.
2. VIBURNUM L.
Reference: Killip & Smith, The South American species of
Viburnum, Bull. Torrey Club 57: 245-258. 1931.
Erect shrubs or small trees; leaves opposite or ternate, simple,
entire or toothed; flowers small, borne in compound cymes; calyx
5-lobed; corolla rotate or broadly campanulate, 5-lobed; stamens 5,
inserted at the base of the corolla tube; ovary 1-celled, the ovule
solitary; style very short and thick, glabrous or pubescent; fruit
drupaceous, 1-seeded.
FLORA OF PERU 283
Leaves densely and persistently stellate-tomentose beneath, sparingly
to densely tomentose above; style pubescent. . . .V. reticulatum.
Leaves essentially glabrous, sometimes pilosulous on the nerves and
in their axils on the lower surface; style glabrous.
Corolla more than 4 mm. wide when expanded.
Leaves all opposite, never in 3's.
Leaves membranous, short-acute, subentire, the petioles up
to 1.5 cm. long V. ayavacense.
Leaves coriaceous, usually long-acuminate and denticulate
to the base, the petioles 1.5-2.5 cm. long. .V. Witteanum.
Leaves predominately in 3's.
Margin of the leaves entire.
Branchlets essentially glabrous; peduncles and rays of the
inflorescence finely subappressed-hirtellous, many of
the hairs simple V. triphyllum.
Branchlets, peduncles, and rays of the inflorescence densely
stellate-tomentose V. incarum.
Margin of the leaves toothed, at least toward the apex.
Leaves obovate or narrowly oblanceolate, 3-4-toothed at
the apex V. tridentatum.
Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obscurely toothed down
. to the middle V . Mathewsii.
Corolla not more than 4 mm. wide even when expanded.
Inflorescence mainly terminal at the ends of elongate branchlets;
petioles averaging about 10 mm. long V. Jelskii.
Inflorescence subaxillary as well as terminal, borne on numerous
short, leafy branchlets; petioles 5-10 mm. long . V. Seemenii.
Viburnum ayavacense HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3:428. 1820.
Oreinotinus ayavacensis Oerst. Kjoeb. Vid. Medd. 1860: 290. 1861.
A shrub about 4 meters high, the branchlets essentially glabrous;
leaves ovate, 5-8 cm. long, 2-5 cm. wide, acute or subacute, rounded
or slightly cordate at the base, entire, or obscurely denticulate toward
the apex, membranous, glabrous, or sparingly stellate-pilosulous
beneath, the petioles about 1 cm. long; cymes 6-7-rayed, the pedun-
cle and rays stellate-tomentose; corolla 6-7 mm. wide; style glabrous.
Piura: Ayavaca, 2,400-2,700 meters, Humboldt & Bonpland
(type) ; Weberbauer 6387. Also in Ecuador.
284 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Viburnum incarum Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 435. 1906.
A shrub or a much branched tree, 3-5 meters high, the younger
branches, peduncles, and rays of the inflorescence densely stellate-
tomentose; leaves usually in 3's, ovate or oblong-ovate, 4-7 cm. long,
1.5-3.5 cm. wide, subacute, entire or nearly so, minutely stellate-
pubescent on the nerves above, pilosulous in the axils beneath;
cymes up to 9 cm. wide, the peduncle about 6 cm. long, the rays 5-7;
calyx lobes fimbriate; flowers about 5 mm. wide; style glabrous;
fruit ovoid.
Junin: Huacapistana, 1,500-2,000 meters, Killip & Smith 24137,
24326, 24508; Weberbauer 1986 (photo, of type seen).
Viburnum Jelskii Zahlbr. Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien 7: 1. 1892.
A small tree, 3-6 meters high, the branchlets densely rufo-
stellate-tomentose, at length glabrous; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate,
5-12 cm. long, 4-7 cm. wide, acuminate, rounded or subacute at the
base, callose-dentate or subentire, essentially glabrous, or sparingly
stellate-pubescent beneath, subcoriaceous; cymes 6-10 cm. wide,
finely stellate-tomentose, 6-7-rayed; corolla about 4 mm. wide;
style glabrous.
Amazonas: Panahuanca, Mathews 1198. San Martin: Tarapoto,
Spruce 4835. Zepelacio, 1,600 meters, King 3400. San Roque,
1,400 meters, Williams 6997, 7170, 7495, 7779. Cajamarca: Cutervo,
Jelski 35 (type). Ayacucho: Carrapa, 1,000 meters, Killip &
Smith 22409, 22496, 22498. Aina, 900 meters, Killip & Smith
22734, 23128, 23132, 23172. Cuzco: Urubamba Valley, 1,800
meters, Cook & Gilbert 1157. Without locality, Poeppig 1309.
Also in southern Ecuador.
Viburnum Mathewsii (Oerst.) Killip & Smith, Bull. Torrey
Club 57: 253. 1931. Oreinotinus Mathewsii Oerst. Kjoeb. Vid. Medd.
1860: 291. 1861. V. fur Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 434. 1906 (?).
A small tree, the branchlets, peduncles, and rays stellate-tomen-
tose, the branchlets at length glabrous; leaves usually in 3's, ovate or
ovate-lanceolate, 3-12 cm. long, 2-6 cm. wide, rounded or acuminate,
rounded or subcuneate at the base, callose-denticulate or subentire,
coriaceous, lustrous and glabrous or sparingly stellate-pubescent
above, glabrous beneath or stellate-pubescent on the principal
nerves; cymes 5-9 cm. wide, 5-7-rayed, the rays up to 5 cm. long;
calyx tube glabrous, glandular, the lobes oblong or ovate-oblong;
corolla 5-6 mm. wide.
FLORA OF PERU 285
Amazonas: Bagasan, Mathews 1605 (type). Cajamarca: Cutervo,
Jelski 359. San Miguel, Prov. Hualgayoc, 2,600-2,700 meters
(Weberbauer 8895 [?], type of V.fur). Huanuco: Mito, 2,800 meters,
1385, 1460, 1653, 1749, 3400. Posuso, 3,100 meters, 4779.
There is considerable difference in the texture of the leaves of
these specimens, and perhaps more than a single species is repre-
sented. The type has very thick leaves, and the Jelski collection
very thin leaves. Between these extremes comes the material from
Huanuco.
Viburnum reticulatum R. & P. ex Oerst. Kjoeb. Vid. Medd.
1860: 286. 1861, as synonym. Oreinotinus reticulatus Oerst. loc.
cit. V. Weberbaueri Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37:433. 1906.
A shrub, about 3 meters high, densely brownish-stellate-tomen-
tose throughout; leaves obovate or oblong-ovate, 5-10 cm. long,
3.5-6 cm. wide (extremes up to 20 cm. long), obscurely dentate,
repand-denticulate, or subentire, obtuse or acute, reticulate, sub-
coriaceous; inflorescence rays 5-7; corolla 3-4 mm. wide; style
pubescent; fruit broadly ovoid.
Cajamarca: Tabaconas Valley, 1,600 meters, Weberbauer 6241.
Cutervo, 2,300 meters, Weberbauer 7129. Huanuco: Pillao, Ruiz &
Pavdn (type). Monzon, 1,600-1,800 meters (Weberbauer 3561, type
of V. Weberbaueri).
Viburnum Seemenii Graebn. f. bolivianum (Gandoger) Killip
& Smith, Bull. Torrey Club 57: 258. 1931. V. bolivianum Gandoger,
Bull. Soc. Bot. France 65: 33. 1918.
A much branched shrub, the branches divergent, elongate, softly
and densely yellow- tomentose; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, 5-12 cm.
long, 2-7 cm. wide, acuminate, subrotund or cuneate at the base,
entire, or obscurely toothed in the upper half, subcoriaceous, spar-
ingly stellate-pubescent beneath; inflorescence subaxillary as well
as terminal, the cymes borne on numerous short, leafy branches, 5-7-
rayed, the peduncles and branches softly and densely yellow-tomen-
tose; corolla 3-4 mm. wide; style glabrous.
Huanuco: Cochero, Ruiz & Pavdn. Cuzco: Lucumayo Valley,
Cook & Gilbert 1388. Also in Bolivia. "Pucafiahui."
Viburnum tridentatum Killip & Smith, Bull. Torrey Club
57: 251. 1931. Oreinotinus obovatus Oerst. Kjoeb. Vid. Medd. 1860:
286. 1861, without description. V. obovatum R. & P. ex Oerst. loc.
cit., as synonym, not V. obovatum Walt. 1788.
286 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
A much branched shrub or a small tree, the branchlets densely
and softly stellate-tomentose; leaves in 3's, obovate or narrowly
oblanceolate, 3-5 cm. long, 1.5-2.5 cm. wide, rounded or short-
triangular-acute at the apex, cuneate at the base, finely undulate-
denticulate towards the apex (teeth 3-5), sparingly stellate-pubescent
with crispate hairs on the nerves and veins both above and beneath;
peduncles 3-4.5 cm. long, densely and softly stellate-tomentose;
cymes 4-7 cm. wide, pubescent as the peduncle; calyx tube sparingly
glandular-punctate, glabrous, the lobes suborbicular; corolla about
5 mm. wide when expanded; style glabrous.
Arequipa: Vitoc, Ruiz & Pavdn (type).
Viburnum triphyllum Benth. PI. Hartw. 189. 1845. Oreinoti-
nus triphyllus Oerst. Kjoeb. Vid. Medd. 1860: 290. 1861. 0. lauri-
folius Oerst. op. cit. 291. pi. 6, f. 11-17.
A shrub or a small tree, the branchlets pubescent with simple or
stellate hairs, becoming glabrous; leaves usually in 3's, ovate or
ovate-oblong, 4-8 cm. long, 2-5 cm. wide, rounded or acute, entire,
coriaceous, lustrous, glabrous, or usually tomentose in the axils of
the nerves beneath; peduncle and rays appressed-hirtellous; calyx
tube sparingly glandular-punctate; corolla 4-5 mm. wide; style
glabrous.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews 1623, in part (type of 0.
laurifolius) ;2114, in part. Without locality, Ruiz & Pawn; Mathews
2027 in part, 2038. Also in Colombia and Ecuador. Two forms of
this also occur in Peru.
Viburnum triphyllum f. lanceolatum Killip & Smith, Bull.
Torrey Club 57: 252. 1931.
Leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate, at least 3 times longer than
broad, 10-13 cm. long, 3-3.5 cm. wide.
Huanuco: Cochero, Ruiz & Pavdn. Without locality, Ruiz &
Pawn (perhaps a part of the preceding; type).
Viburnum triphyllum f. microphyllum Killip & Smith, loc.
cit.
Leaves prevailingly obovate, 1.5-3 cm. long, 0.7-1.5 cm. wide;
cymes smaller than in the typical form.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews 1623 in part, 2114 in part
(type), 3099.
Viburnum Witteanum Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 434. 1906.
A shrub, about 4 meters high, the branchlets sparingly stellate-
pubescent, at length glabrous; leaves oblong, 5-13 cm. long, 3-6 cm.
FLORA OF PERU 287
wide, acuminate, rounded at the base, dentate or denticulate toward
the apex, coriaceous, sparingly stellate-pilosulous beneath, the
petioles 1.5-2.5 cm. long; cymes 7-12 cm. wide, the peduncle and
rays stellate- tomentose; corolla 6-8 mm. wide; style glabrous.
Ayacucho: Between Tambo and Rio Apurimac, 3,200 meters,
Weberbauer 5589Cuzco: Yanamanchi, 3,100-3,200 meters, Weber-
bauer 4960 (photo, of type seen). Also in Bolivia.
In the account of the South American species of Viburnum we
combined this species with V. ayavacense. From the photograph now
available it is evident that the type is well matched by several Bo-
livian specimens, and it is perhaps better to consider the plant from
southeastern Peru and Bolivia specifically distinct from the one of
northern Peru and southern Ecuador.
Cornus peruviana Macbr. was later transferred to Viburnum by
Macbride (Trop. Woods 24: 29. 1930), but it is now considered to be
a true Cornus (see Standley, op. cit. 43: 16. 1935).
VALERIANACEAE. Valerian Family
By E. P. Killip, U. S. National Museum
References: Dufresne, Hist. Nat. Med. Valerian. 1811; Weddell,
Chlor. And. 2: 17-34. 1857; Hock, Bot. Jahrb. 3: 1-74. 1882; Graeb-
ner, op. cit. 37: 436-451, 464^80. 1906; Briquet, Ann. Conserv.
Jard. Bot. Geneve 17: 326-356. 1914.
Annual or perennial herbs, sometimes low shrubs, the roots with
a strong, characteristic odor; leaves opposite, estipulate, often
massed at or near the base, simple or compound; inflorescence
highly variable, capitate to laxly paniculate and repeatedly branched;
flowers perfect, polygamous, or rarely dioecious; calyx tube adnate
to the ovary, the limb inconspicuous in flower but becoming a pap-
pus in fruit, or wanting; corolla gamopetalous, funnel-shaped or
tubular, the limb spreading, 3-5 (rarely 6-8)-lobed; stamens 1-4,
inserted on the corolla and alternate with the lobes, usually exserted;
ovary inferior, 1-3-celled, one cell 1-ovuled, the others empty; fruit
indehiscent, 1-seeded.
This family consists of about 16 genera and from 350 to 400
species, and occurs mainly in the temperate zone and in the high
mountains of the tropics. Of the numerous species in Peru, many
are known from only a single specimen, and an adequate concept
of the family and of the lines of separation between the species is
impossible until further collecting has been done. In addition to
288 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
the native species, Valeriana officinalis L. and V. Phu L. are reported
from Peru by Ruiz and Pavon, and Centranthus ruber (L.) DC. has
been collected at Arequipa (Hinkley 32}. Plectritis samolifolia
(Colla) Hock is listed from Peru by Stuckert and Briquet (Ann.
Conserv. Jard. Geneve 20: 429. 1919), perhaps through error in
associating a Ruiz and Pavon Chilean specimen with Peru. The
following Ecuadorean species have been assigned to Peru through
faulty geographic knowledge: Valeriana alypifolia HBK., V. hirtella
HBK., V. microphylla HBK., and V. amphilophis Graebn.
Corolla 5 (rarely 6-8)-lobed (3-lobed in one species of Aretiastrum).
Leaves closely imbricate throughout the stem, 3-angled toward the
apex, connate, up to 5 mm. long; flowers solitary in the axils
of the upper leaves 1. Aretiastrum.
Leaves not closely imbricate, or in rosettes, flat, usually with a
distinct blade; flowers in clusters or, if solitary, borne on the
ultimate branches of a diffuse inflorescence.
Anthers orbicular or oblong, the filaments well developed and
usually exserted; stems or scapes generally elongate.
Fruit with the two empty cells equaling or larger than the
perfect cell; inflorescence few-flowered, the peduncles
long and slender 2. Astrephia.
Fruit with the two empty cells much smaller than the perfect
cell 3. Valeriana.
Anthers linear, sessile or subsessile; stems or scapes very short
and stout, the inflorescence usually flat-topped and much
broader than long 3. Stangea.
Corolla 3 (rarely 4)-lobed.
Tube of the corolla long and very slender, needle-like.
5. Belonanthus.
Tube of the corolla very short, stouter 6. Phyllactis.
1. ARETIASTRUM Spach
Low, cespitose shrubs, freely branched, the branches very leafy;
leaves small, coriaceous, closely imbricate, connate at the base,
entire; flowers few, solitary, hidden among the uppermost leaves,
sessile or short-pediceled, polygamous or dioecious, the tube funnel-
shaped, the limb 3-5-parted.
Corolla 5-parted; leaves up to 2 mm. long A. Aschersonianum.
Corolla 3-parted; leaves 3-5 mm. long A. imbricatum.
FLORA OF PERU 289
Aretiastrum Aschersonianum Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 448.
1906. Valeriana Aschersoniana Graebn. ex Weberbauer, op. cit. 72.
1905, name only.
Leaves scarcely 2 mm. long, strongly dilated and fimbriate at
the base, triquetrous toward the apex, obtuse; corolla limb 5-parted;
anthers broadly ovate.
Lima: Alpamina, 4,500 meters (Weberbauer 5150, type).
Aretiastrum imbricatum Killip, comb. nov. Valeriana imbri-
cata Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 501. 1928.
Branches very numerous, 4-6 cm. high; leaves linear-spatulate
or linear-oblong, 3-5 mm. long, 1-1.2 mm. wide, obtuse or subacute,
subrevolute, ciliate; flowers dioecious, only the staminate known;
corolla tube 4-5 mm. long, very slender, the limb 3-parted, the
divisions triangular-ovate, subacute; stamens exserted.
Piura: Huancabamba, 3,200 meters, Weberbauer 6088 (type).
This species surely belongs to Aretiastrum, though the corolla
has only 3 lobes, whereas in the four other known species it is 4- or
5-lobed.
2. ASTREPHIA Dufr.
Lax, diffuse, annual herbs; leaves pinnate and pinnatifid; cymes
few-flowered, with long, slender peduncles, the flowers sessile or
short-pediceled, the pedicel usually becoming elongate in fruit;
calyx limb very short or almost wanting; corolla tube narrowly
funnel-shaped, the limb 5-lobed; style trifid; fruit broadly ovate or
rhombic-ovate, epappose, the 2 empty cells equaling or larger than
the perfect cell.
Astrephia chaerophylloides (J.E.Sm.) DC.Prodr. 4:629. 1830.
Valeriana chaerophylloides J. E. Sm. PI. Icon. Ined. 3: pi. 53. 1793.
V. laciniata R. & P. Fl. 1: 42. pi. 69, f. a. 1798. V. chaerophylla
Pers. Syn. 1: 37. 1805. Astrephia laciniata Dufr. Hist. Nat. Med.
Valerian 52. 1811.
Leaves membranous, lanceolate in general outline, imparipinnate,
the leaflets 1-5-jugate, coarsely dentate or pinnatifid, averaging
about 1 cm. long.
Lima: Matucana, 2,400 meters, 191. San Geronimo, 150 meters,
5905. Atocongo 250-500 meters, Pennell 14779. Amancaes, 200-
400 meters, Pennell 14807. Huanuco: Posuso, 600 meters, 4604.
Junin: San Ram6n, 1,400-1,700 meters, Killip & Smith 24712.
Pichis Trail, Killip & Smith 25786, 26096 .Without locality,
290 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Mathews. Reported by Ruiz and Pavon from Lima, Chancai,
Chinchao, and Muna. "Arvegilla." Also in Colombia and Ecuador.
3. VALERIANA L.
Perennial herbs or low shrubs, rarely annuals, erect or ascending,
sometimes scandent; roots woody, fleshy, or tuberous; leaves mainly
basal in most species, fascicled at the nodes in a few, simple or im-
paripinnate, entire, toothed, or pinnatifid; inflorescence variable,
the flowers in dense clusters which are solitary and terminal, or which
form a dense or an interrupted spike or raceme, or the flowers in
loose cymes or variously paniculate; calyx limb usually of 5 T 20
plumose teeth, short and inrolled in flower, at length elongate and
forming a pappus; corolla limb 5 (rarely 6-8)-lobed; fruit compressed,
the 2 empty cells much smaller than the perfect cell.
The roots of many species of Valeriana have medicinal properties.
A. Flowers in dense, globose or subglobose heads which are solitary
and terminal, or grouped in a continuous or an interrupted
spike, sometimes the lower heads peduncled; leaves mainly
basal (except in V. connata}.
B. Leaves simple, entire or toothed, not pinnatifid.
Stems woody, leafy, the internodes subequal V. connata.
Stems herbaceous, leafless or nearly so.
Cauline leaves pinnatifid in the lower half V. lyrata.
Cauline leaves entire or wanting.
Leaves ciliolate.
Inflorescence spicate; stem glabrous V. coarctata.
Inflorescence capitate; stem finely pubescent.
V. isoetifolia.
Leaves not ciliolate.
Leaf blades more than 4 mm. wide, abruptly or sub-
abruptly tapering to the petiole.
Leaves conspicuously serrate V. serrata.
Leaves serrulate or entire.
Corolla 5-lobed V. nivalis.
Corolla 6-8-lobed V. globularioides.
Leaf blades less than 4 mm. wide, gradually tapering to
the petiole.
FLORA OF PERU 291
Scapes averaging more than 6 cm. long, the inflo-
rescence an interrupted spike, rarely a single head.
V. Condamoana.
Scapes (or stems) averaging less than 6 cm. long, the
inflorescence a single head.
Pappus 5-7-rayed; stem stout V. pycnantha.
Pappus 10-12-rayed; stem slender. . . .V. globularis.
B. Leaves pinnate or pinnatifid.
Fruit pilosulous on one face; plant sparingly to densely pubes-
cent V. globiflora.
Fruit glabrous; plant glabrous except at the nodes.
Inflorescence a single head V. Trichomanes.
Inflorescence spiciform.
Basal leaves strictly pinnate, the terminal leaflet much
larger than the lateral ones V . Pennellii.
Basal leaves pinnate or pinnatifid, the terminal segment (or
leaflet) smaller than or subequal to the lateral ones.
Leaves less than 1 cm. wide, the leaflets cuneiform,
digitate-pinnatifid V. cephalantha.
Leaves usually more than 1 cm. wide, the leaflets or
segments entire V. micropterina.
A. Flowers in cymes, loose clusters, or distinct, the inflorescence
cymose-paniculate, pyramidal, or diffusely paniculate, in a few
species the flowers in subglobose heads in a racemose panicle,
or in a single, terminal cyme.
Stems woody, not scandent, leafy throughout, the leaves often
fascicled.
Leaves pinnate, the leaflets narrowly linear V. virgata-
Leaves simple, linear to ovate-oblong.
Plant subrepent, the stems ascending, densely tomentose;
leaves not more than 1.5 cm. long V. ledoides.
Plant erect; stems glabrous or puberulent; leaves more than
1.5 cm. long.
Leaves ovate-oblong, about 1 cm. wide, the cauline few.
V. quadrangularis.
Leaves linear, narrowly lanceolate, or oblong, less than 1
cm. wide, the cauline very numerous.
292 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Fruit obscurely nerved; leaves somewhat puberulent.
y. Grisiana.
Fruit strongly ribbed, the ribs elevated; leaves glabrous.
V. costata.
Stems herbaceous, the cauline leaves relatively few and reduced,
or scandent plants with woody stems and numerous, developed
cauline leaves.
C. Inflorescence cymose-paniculate or racemose-paniculate, the
flowers in rather dense clusters (inflorescence a terminal
cyme in V. oblongifolia and V. parvula, and sometimes in
y. interrupta).
Leaves simple, entire or irregularly toothed, not pinnatifid.
Plant not more than 10 cm. high.
Cauline leaves linear-lanceolate, laciniate-dentate; plant
pubescent V. oblongifolia.
Cauline leaves narrowly linear (or wanting), entire; plant
glabrous y. parvula.
Plant more than 10 cm. high.
Petiole of basal leaves more than twice as long as the
blade V. sphaerocephala.
Petiole of basal leaves not more than twice as long as
the blade.
Inflorescence pyramidal, more than 8 cm. wide.
Basal leaves linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, entire.
V. Weberbaueri.
Basal leaves cuneate-obovate, coarsely and irrregu-
larly dentate y. Hadros.
Inflorescence more or less virgate, not more than 8 cm.
wide.
Leaves linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate, entire;
stem and under side of midnerve of leaves
usually pilose y. pilosa.
Leaves ovate, cordate-ovate, or orbicular-reniform,
entire or irregularly toothed; stem essentially
glabrous.
Bractlets less than 1 cm. wide; root short-tuber-
ous V. Herrerae.
Bractlets 1 mm. or more wide; root fusiform,
thickened at the apex.
FLORA OF PERU 293
Basal leaves cordulate, obscurely crenulate.
V. nigricans.
Basal leaves tapering to the petiole, dentate or
denticulate V. plectritoides.
Leaves pinnate or pinnatifid.
Terminal leaflet much larger than the lateral ones.
Leaflets entire V. radicata.
Leaflets dentate V. variabilis.
Terminal leaflet not larger than the lateral ones.
Inflorescence cymose or cymose-paniculate . V . interrupta.
Inflorescence racemose-paniculate or subpyramidal.
Leaves pinnate throughout, the leaflets not united.
Leaflets 3-6- jugate, incised or pinnatisect.
y. sphaerophora.
Leaflets 10-15-jugate, entire or 2-4-toothed.
y. thalictroides.
Leaves pinnatifid in the upper half, pinnate in the
lower.
Plant rufo-tomentellous throughout; leaflets and
leaf segments irregularly serrate. y. rufescens.
Plant glabrous; leaflets and leaf segments regularly
crenate-serrate V. asplenifolia.
C. Inflorescence diffusely paniculate, the flowers single or in
clusters of 2-4.
Indument stellate, at least in part.
Upper surface of the leaves stellate-pubescent; leaves
subobtuse V. tomentosa.
Upper surface of leaves pubescent with simple hairs; leaves
sharply acute y. rnalvacea.
Indument simple or none.
Plant scandent.
Leaves simple or trifoliolate.
Stem herbaceous; leaves or leaflets repand or sinuate-
dentate, rarely entire, rounded or cordate at the
base y . scandens.
Stem somewhat woody; leaves entire, acute at the base.
294 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Fruit about 1 mm. long; ultimate branches of the
inflorescence filiform, 3 cm. or more long, the
flowers distant V . Pardoana.
Fruit 2-3 mm. long; ultimate branches of the inflo-
rescence stouter and shorter, the flowers in
clusters of 2-3 V. Pavonii.
Leaves pinnate, the leaflets 5 or more.
Leaflets 4-10-jugate, 1-1.5 cm. long; bractlets obtuse.
y. jasminoides.
Leaflets 2-3-jugate, the terminal one more than 2.5
cm. long; bractlets acute V. decussata.
Plant erect.
Leaves all simple, entire or toothed, not deeply lobed or
pinnatifid.
Fruit reticulate with dark lines on one face, papillose
on the other, obscurely nerved V. renifolia.
Fruit smooth, greenish, 3-nerved on one face, 1-nerved
on the other.
Plant annual, with a short, tuberous root; fruit
densely pubescent on one face. .V. urticaefolia.
Plant perennial, with an elongate, woody or fleshy
root; fruit glabrous on both faces (in V. Tes-
sendorffiana sparingly pilosulous on one face).
Stem and leaves densely pubescent. y. paniculata.
Stem and leaves essentially glabrous.
Cauline leaves cordate-reniform, numerous.
y. Baltana.
Cauline leaves obovate or ovate-lanceolate, few,
or confined to sterile shoots.
y. Tessendorffiana.
Leaves, or some of them, pinnate or pinnatifid.
Fruit pubescent on both faces, reticulate with con-
spicuous dark lines when mature.
Leaves all pinnate; fruit lance-ovate, less than 1.5
mm. wide V. agrimonifolia.
Leaves pinnatifid, or some of the lower ones entire;
fruit broadly ovate, more than 1.5 mm. wide.
V. pinnatifida.
FLORA OF PERU 295
Fruit glabrous, or pubescent on one face, rarely on
both faces, not dark-lined.
Fruit strongly verrucose V. verrucosa.
Fruit smooth (verruculose in V. Mathewsii"!).
Leaves all pinnate, the leaflets coarsely toothed,
often petiolulate.
Fruit pubescent, abruptly tapering to a beak;
bractlets purple-tipped V. variabilis.
Fruit glabrous, merely acute; bractlets green.
V. Warburgii.
Leaves not all pinnate, entire or denticulate, if
pinnate the leaflets sessile.
Fruit glabrous.
Lower leaves densely hirsute; stem not more
than 5 mm. in diameter. V. paniculata.
Lower leaves puberulous; stem more than 5
mm. in diameter V. bambusicaulis.
Fruit pubescent, at least on one face.
Basal and lower cauline leaves all simple,
crenulate, the upper cauline ones pin-
nately lobed V. Mathewsii.
Basal leaves simple or, if pinnate, the lateral
leaflets much reduced.
Leaves pubescent, membranous or sub-
coriaceous, acute or subobtuse.
V. Macbridei.
Leaves glabrous, thick-coriaceous, acu-
minate V. dipsacoides.
Valeriana agrimonifolia Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21 : 353.
1931.
A perennial herb, up to about 75 cm. high, essentially glabrous
throughout, the fruit pubescent; root thickened at the apex; stem
usually single, erect, simple; basal and cauline leaves similar, all
strictly imparipinnate, up to 10 cm. long, including a short petiole,
and 5 cm. wide, the leaflets 4-5-jugate, ovate or lance-ovate, obtuse
or subacute, regularly crenate-serrate, sessile, membranous; inflo-
rescence subracemose-paniculate, elongate, trichotomous and dichot-
omous, the flowers in small, rather loose clusters; bractlets linear,
296 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
divergent; flowers mostly perfect; fruit lance-ovate, about 2 mm.
long and up to 1 mm. wide, 3-nerved and densely pilosulous on one
face, 1-nerved, rugulose, and sparingly pilosulous on the other, the
pappus 8-10-rayed.
Lima: Rio Blanco, 3,000-3,500 meters, Kittip & Smith 21663,
21744. Banos, Wilkes Expedition. Junin: Tarma, 3,100 meters,
Kittip & Smith 21938 (type).
Similar to V. pinnatifida, but the leaves are all pinnate and the
fruit is narrower.
Valeriana asplenifolia Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21: 352.
1931.
Plant cespitose, essentially glabrous throughout, the root thick,
branched toward the apex; stems erect, up to 25 cm. high; basal
leaves rosulate, membranous, linear-lanceolate in general outline,
0.5-1.5 cm. wide, acuminate, pinnate, pinnatifid toward the apex,
5-15 cm. long, including a petiole subequal to the blade,
the leaflets 10-15-jugate, ovate or lance-ovate, regularly crenate-
serrate, obtuse, sessile, the cauline leaves 1-2 pairs, sessile, similar to
the basal; inflorescence racemose-paniculate, the flowers in dense,
subglobose, short-peduncled heads; flowers apparently dioecious, the
staminate larger than the pistillate, the stamens long-exserted ; fruit
lance-oblong, obscurely 3-nerved on one face and 1-nerved on the
other, the pappus 10-rayed.
Junin: Mt. La Juntai, near Huancayo, 4,700 meters, Killip &
Smith 22051 (type), 22086.
Valeriana Baltana Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 439. 1906.
An erect herb, 30-100 cm. high,' essentially glabrous throughout,
the root elongate; leaves subrotund or cordate-reniform, obtuse or
rounded, the basal up to 12 cm. long and 14 cm. wide, with petioles
up to 20 cm. long, repand or subentire, the cauline 2-6 cm. long, 1.5-5
cm. wide, irregularly crenate-serrate or subentire, sessile, clasping;
panicle diffuse, trichotomous and dichotomous, the branches very
slender; fruit broadly ovate, 3-nerved on one face, 1-nerved on the
other, glabrous, the pappus 12-rayed.
Huanuco: Cani, 2,600 meters, 3433. Junin: Pariahuanca, 2,400-
2,500 meters, Weberbauer 6591. Puno: Sandia, Weberbauer 531
(type).
Valeriana bambusicaulis Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci.
15:455. 1925.
FLORA OF PERU 297
A coarse, erect herb, about 3 meters high, the stem up to 2 cm.
in diameter, glabrous; leaves of the sterile shoots ovate, long-petioled;
basal leaves imparipinnate, the lateral leaflets 4-5- jugate, the ter-
minal and lateral leaflets subequal, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, up
to 6 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, acute, entire, finely puberulent or
glabrescent, the cauline leaves linear-lanceolate, 2-4 cm. long; pani-
cle diffuse, trichotomous and dichotomous; fruit oblong-lanceolate,
3-nerved on one face, 1-nerved on the other, thick-margined, glabrous,
the pappus 6-rayed.
Huanuco: Tambo de Vaca, 3,800 meters, 4463 (type).
Valeriana cephalantha Schlecht. Linnaea 28: 483. 1856.
Plant cespitose, essentially glabrous throughout, the root
branched toward the apex; stem about 30 cm. high, bearing 1-2
pairs of sessile, pinnate leaves; basal leaves slender, narrowly lance-
olate in general outline, 5-10 cm. long, 6-8 mm. wide, petiolate,
imparipinnate, the leaflets cuneiform, digitate-pinnatifid or lobulate,
the segments obtuse, the cauline leaves similar but smaller, 1-2
pairs; flowers in dense heads forming an interrupted spike, the lower
heads usually borne on short branches; bractlets broadly obovate,
about 3 mm. wide; fruit broadly ovate, purple-spotted, 3-nerved on
one face, 1-nerved on the other, the pappus 5-rayed.
Puno: Tabina, Lechler 2044 (type).
Valeriana coarctata R. & P. Fl. 1: 40. pi, 68, f. 8. 1798. V.
armeriaefolia Schlecht. Linnaea 28: 485. 1856.
Root fusiform, thickened at the apex; stem erect, 5-40 cm. high,
glabrous; basal leaves linear to lanceolate-spatulate, up to 15 cm.
long and 1 cm. wide, subacute, ciliolate, otherwise glabrous or spar-
ingly pilosulous, often subrevolute, fleshy, the cauline leaves ternate
or quaternate, sometimes wanting; inflorescence spicate, the heads
all sessile, contiguous or usually the lowest one distinct; fruit nar-
rowly lance-oblong, nerveless, glabrous, the pappus 6-8-rayed.
Peru: "Andes," Maclean. Lima: Casapalca, 866. Banos, Wilkes
Expedition. Huanuco: Cerro de Pasco, Mathews 668. Junin:
Huasa-huasi, Ruiz & Pavdn (photo, of type). Ayacucho: Huanta,
4,000-4,200 meters, Pearce in 1867. Puno: San Antonio, Lechler
1798 (type of V. armeriaefolia}. Cuzco: Panticalla Pass, 3,600
meters, Cook & Gilbert 1247. "Huarituru."
The Ruiz and Pavon illustration is best matched by the Mathews
specimen. Most of the other ones cited above have much slenderer
leaves, and agree well with the type of V. armeriaefolia.
298 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Valeriana Condamoana Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 446. 1906. V.
Romanana Graebn. loc. cit.(?).
Plant cespitose, glabrous throughout, with a stout, branched
rootstock; leaves rosulate, rarely a pair of cauline ones present,
narrowly oblanceolate or spatulate, 3-9 cm. long, including the
petiole, the blade up to 4 mm. wide; scapes 4-25 cm. high; inflo-
rescence an elongate head or an interrupted spike, the lowest head
sometimes as much as 5 cm. below the next one; bractlets obovate,
dark at the center; fruit broadly ovate, 1-nerved on one face, nerve-
less on the other, the pappus 10-rayed.
Peru: Casapalta, 4,300 meters, Ball in 1882. Junin: Yauli,
4,100-4,400 meters, 913; Weberbauer 311 (photo, of type seen).
Valeriana Romanana, based upon Weberbauer 2972, from Huaraz,
Dept. Ancash (photo, of type seen), may be distinct, but additional
material now available from the type locality of V. Condamoana
indicates that the differentiating characters are not constant.
Valeriana connata R. & P. Fl. 1 : 39. pi. 67, f. c. 1798. V. connata
var. nutans Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 444. 1906.
Plant suffrutescent, about 60 cm. high; stems several, branched,
leafy, finely pilosulous in 2 vertical lines, otherwise glabrous; leaves
lanceolate, 2-3 cm. long, 4-7 mm. wide, acute, sessile, subconnate,
ciliolate toward the base; inflorescence spiciform, the flowers in
sessile or short-peduncled, subglobose clusters; fruit oblong, gla-
brous, obscurely 3-nerved on one face, 1-nerved on the other, pappose.
Junin: Diezmo, Ruiz & Pawn (fragment of type seen). Yauli,
4,400 meters, Weberbauer 349 (cited by Graebner). Without lo-
cality, Lobb.
In the variety nutans, based on Weberbauer 2947, from Pichin,
Department of Ancash, the flower clusters are all sessile.
Valeriana costata Schmale, Repert. Sp. Nov. 41: 294. 1937.
A shrub, essentially glabrous throughout, the branches terete,
leafy; leaves lanceolate or oblong (or the upper ovate), up to 5 cm.
long and 5 mm. wide, obtuse, entire or irregularly crenate, petiolate;
cymes dense, congested at the ends of the branches; fruit ovate,
strongly 3-ribbed on one face, 1-ribbed on the other, the ribs elevated.
Cajamarca: Cutervo (Raimondi 4673, type).
Valeriana decussata R. & P. Fl. 1: 42. pi. 70, f. b. 1798. V.
dematoides Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 437. 1906. V. melanocarpa
Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 453. 1925.
FLORA OF PERU 299
Plant scandent, suffrutescent toward the base, the stem stout,
villosulous or at length glabrous; leaves opposite or fascicled at the
nodes, short-petioled, imparipinnate, the leaflets 2-3-jugate, lance-
olate, linear-lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate,
remotely denticulate or entire, scaberulous above, sparingly to
densely cano-tomentose beneath, the terminal leaflet 2-6 cm. long,
larger than the lateral ones; panicle up to 40 cm. long, trichotomous
and repeatedly dichotomous, the branches spreading or ascending;
bractlets acute; fruit ovate, 1.5-2 mm. long, 3-nerved on one face,
1-nerved on the other, densely pubescent, black when mature, the
pappus 10-rayed.
Ancash: Tallenga, 3,600-3,800 meters, Weberbauer 2862 (type
of V. clematoides). Huanuco: Huanuco, Ruiz & Pavdn (type).
Mito, 2,700 meters, 1745. Yanahuanca, 3,000 meters, 1211
Ayacucho: Pampalca, 3,200 meters, Killip & Smith 23273. Toto-
rabamba, 3,500 meters, Weberbauer 5463. Cuzco: Paucartambo
Valley, H err era 1050a. Cuzco, Soukup 81. Cerro de Cusilluyoc,
3,200-3,400 meters, Pennell 14143. Lucumayo Valley, Cook &
Gilbert 1311 (type of V. melanocarpa). Department uncertain:
Lacuihaurmi, Savatier 1621. Pintac, 4,000 meters, Pearce in 1867.
"Polo-polo," "anamacai."
Valeriana dipsacoides Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 438. 1906. V.
maxima Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21: 351. 1931.
A coarse, erect, glabrous herb, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high, the stem
up to 1 cm. wide at the base; leaves coriaceous, bright green, sub-
lustrous, variable, simple, or pinnatifid nearly to the rachis, up to
20 cm. long and 7 cm. wide, entire or obscurely crenulate toward
the apex, if simple the blade broadly elliptic to oblanceolate, acumi-
nate, tapering to a narrowly winged petiole, if pinnatifid the terminal
segment ovate, the lateral segments 1-3, approximate, oblong or
ovate-oblong, up to 3.5 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, obtuse or sub-
acute, much smaller than the terminal one, the petiole short, broadly
winged; panicle diffuse, up to 75 cm. long, trichotomous and re-
peatedly dichotomous; fruit narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 3-nerved
and glabrous on one face, 1-nerved and minutely puberulous on the
other, the pappus 8-rayed.
Junin: Huacapistana, 1,700-1,900 meters, Weberbauer 1980
(photo, of type seen); Killip & Smith 24105 (type of V. maxima),
24171.
Valeriana globiflora R. & P. Fl. 1: 43. pi 65, f. b. 1798. V.
globifera Pers. Syn. 1: 37. 1805, in error.
300 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
A low, cespitose herb with a thickened, fibrillose rootstock; leaves
rosulate, fleshy, lanceolate in general outline, 2-4 cm. long, including
a short petiole, 7-10 mm. wide, glabrous above, pilose beneath,
imparipinnate or deeply pinnatifid, the rachis broad, the leaflets or
segments sinuate-dentate or pinnately lobed, obtuse; scapes several,
erect or divaricate, up to 10 cm. long, pilose; inflorescence a single
terminal head, or spiciform with 1-2 pairs of additional, sessile or
short-peduncled heads; bractlets narrowly obovate, blackish, pale
at the margin; fruit broadly ovate, densely pilosulous on one face,
glabrous on the other, obscurely 1-nerved, pappose.
Huanuco: Cerro de Pasco, 4,400 meters, Kanehira 274; Pearce
21. Junin: Bombon, Ruiz & Pavon (photo, and fragment of type
seen). La Oroya, Kalenborn 134.
Valeriana globularioides Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 445. 1906.
Plant cespitose, the root thick, subrepent, branched toward the
apex; leaves mainly basal, obovate-spatulate, 2.5-4 cm. long, in-
cluding a broad petiole, 7-9 mm. wide, obscurely crenate-dentate
toward the apex, coriaceous, glabrous; scapes 3-5 cm. long; inflores-
cence capitate, solitary, subglobose; flowers perfect, the corolla
limb 6-8-lobed; fruit pappose.
Ancash: Huaraz, 4,000 meters, Weberbauer 2966 (photo, of type
seen).
Valeriana globularis Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 322. 1862.
V. pygmaea Graebn. (?) Bot. Jahrb. 37: 446. 1906, non Turcz. 1852.
A low, cespitose herb, glabrous throughout, the rootstock very
thick toward the apex, elongate at the base; leaves rosulate, linear
or linear-spatulate, 2-4 cm. long including the petiole, the blade up
to 3 mm. wide, entire; stems slender, 1-8 cm. high, leafless or rarely
bearing 4 small, verticillate leaves; inflorescence a single globose
head up to 1.2 cm. in diameter; fruit ovate, obscurely 1-nerved on
each face, the pappus 10-12-rayed.
Lima: Rio Blanco, 4,500 meters, 2986. Casapalca, 4,700 meters,
875. Junin: Casacancha, Wilkes Expedition (type). Mt. La Juntai,
4,700 meters, Kittip & Smith 22078. Yauli, 4,400 meters, Weber-
bauer 367 (type of V. pygmaea Graebn.; photo, seen).
Valeriana Grisiana Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 19. pi 49, f. A.
1857. V. linearifolia Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 500. 1928.
Plant suffrutescent, 30-75 cm. high, branched near the base, the
branches erect, finely puberulent or glabrescent, the leaves fascicled
FLORA OF PERU 301
at the nodes in the lower half, opposite in the upper half, linear
or linear-lanceolate, 2-4 cm. long, 2-4 mm. wide, obtuse, sessile, or
the lower subsessile, entire or obscurely serrulate, subrevolute,
glabrous or puberulent; inflorescence cymose-paniculate, the flowers
in rather dense clusters, polygamo-dioecious, the bractlets purple
toward the apex; fruit lance-ovate, glabrous, 3-nerved on one face,
1-nerved on the other, the pappus 12-rayed.
Cuzco: Cordilleras of Cuzco, Gay (type). Cerro de Cusilluyoc,
3,800-3,900 meters, Pennell 13856 (type of V. linearifolia).
Valeriana Hadros Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 443. 1906.
Stem erect, about 1 meter high, stout, pilose, branched at the
base, arising from a thick rootstock; basal leaves cuneate-obovate,
15-20 cm. long, 5-6 cm. wide, tapering to a short, winged petiole,
coarsely and irregularly dentate, the teeth denticulate, the cauline
leaves much smaller, sessile or subsessile, similarly toothed; panicle
pyramidal, up to 15 cm. wide, the flowers in dense, sessile, sub-
globose clusters, on ascending branches; bractlets broadly obovate.
Cajamarca: Between Hualgayoc and Cajamarca, 4,100-4,200
meters, Weberbauer 4%28 (photo, of type seen). '
Valeriana Herrerae Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 16: 572.
1926.
A slender herb, 15-25 cm. high, the root tuberous, fibrillose;
stem simple, glabrescent; basal leaves long-petiolate, the blade ovate
to orbicular-reniform, 1-2 cm. long, 0.6-2 cm. wide, obtuse or
rounded, entire or undulate, membranous, glabrous or sparingly
pilosulous, the cauline ones ovate or ovate-oblong, undulate-serrate,
petiolate; inflorescence racemiform, the flowers in rather dense
clusters; bractlets narrowly linear, less than 1 mm. wide, black,
pale at the margin; flowers polygamous, the limb of the staminate
ones 1.5-2 mm. wide; fruit lance-oblong, faintly 1-nerved on one
face, nerveless on the other, probably pappose.
Cuzco: Hacienda Churu, Province of Paucartambo, 3,600
meters, Herrera 1016 (type), 1413. Cerro de Colquipata, 3,900-
4,000 meters, Pennell 13744. Apurimac Valley, Herrera 3076b.
"Atoc-atoc."
Valeriana interrupta R. & P. Fl. 1: 42. pi. 67, f. a. 1798.
V. interrupta var. minor Ball, Journ. Linn. Soc. 22: 43. 1885. V. pedi-
cularioides Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 442. 1906.
Plant essentially glabrous throughout; root thickened, woody,
usually elongate; stems several, erect, 10-100 cm. high, usually with
302 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
only a single pair of leaves; basal leaves up to 15 cm. long including
the petiole, and 3 cm. wide, pinnate or deeply pinnatifid, the leaflets
or segments highly variable, entire, pinnately lobed, deeply pinnati-
fid, or interruptedly bipinnate, membranous; inflorescence cymose
or cymose-paniculate, compact or diffuse but the flowers clustered;
flowers polygamous, the staminate with a limb 2.5-3 mm. wide, the
limb of the others up to 1 mm. wide, the styles long-exserted ; fruit
oblong, 2-2.5 mm. long, more or less turgid when mature, glabrous,
obscurely 1-nerved, the pappus 10-rayed.
Lima: Canta, 2,700-3,200 meters, Pennell 14335. Antaicocha,
3,600-3,800 meters, Pennell 14645. Viso, 2,700 meters, 592. Rio
Blanco, 3,500 meters, Killip & Smith 21552. Huamantango,
Mathews 513. Chicla, 3,600-3,900 meters, Ball (type of V. interrupta
var. minor}. Between Anchi and Chicla, 3,450-3,700 meters,
Weberbauer 208a (type of V. pedicularioides) ; Savatier. Bafios, Wilkes
Expedition. Junin: Diezmo, Ruiz & Pavdn (type). Yauli, 4,100
meters, 914. Huancayo, 3,300-3,500 meters, Killip & Smith 22128.
Valeriana interrupta var. elatior (Graebn.) Killip, comb. nov.
V. pimpinelloides Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 442. 1906 (?). V. elatior
Graebn. op. cit. 443.
Plant coarser, the leaves larger, the basal up to 35 cm. long in-
cluding the petiole, and 12 cm. wide, the cauline leaves usually more
than 1 pair.
Cajamarca: San Pablo, 2,200-2,400 meters, Weberbauer 3859
(type of V. elatior; photo, seen). Lima: Huaros, 3,300-3,600
meters, Pennell 14701. Atocongo, 250-500 meters, Pennell 14771.
Near Lima, 150 meters, 5856; Rose 18587; Wilkes Expedition;
Savatier 1458. San Bartolome', Savatier 1623. Matucana, 2,400
meters, 122. Chicla, 3,600-3,900 meters, Ball. Arequipa: Misti,
3,300-3,400 meters, Pennell 13222.
This is the commonest species of Valeriana along the Lima-
Oroya railroad, and apparently extends northward to Cajamarca
and southward to Arequipa. The variety merges into the typical
form and also, in leaf shape, into V. pinnatifida, under which name
some of the material cited above was distributed. V. pimpinelloides,
described from Ocros, Department of Ancash (Weberbauer 2719,
type, photo, seen), appears to be only a variant with the leaf seg-
ments more obovatei
Valeriana isoetifolia Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 456.
1925.
FLORA OF PERU 303
Plant cespitose, the root woody, branched above; leaves rosulate,
narrowly linear, almost acicular, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, up to 2 mm. wide,
acute, scabrous, minutely ciliolate; stems slender, 8-11 cm. long,
finely and sparingly pubescent, bearing at or above the middle 3^4
verticillate leaves; inflorescence a single, subglobose head 1-1.5 cm.
in diameter; fruit oblong, 2.5 mm. long, glabrous, the pappus 6-rayed.
Huanuco: Tambo de Vaca, 4,000 meters, 4424 (type). Muna,
3,600-3,800 meters, Pearce 189.
Valeriana jasminoides Briq. Ann. Conserv. Jard. Bot. Geneve
17: 336. 1914.
A scandent or subscandent herb, pilosulous nearly throughout,
or the stem glabrescent; leaves densely fascicled at the nodes,
imparipinnate, the leaflets 7-10-jugate, approximate, elliptic or
narrowly lanceolate, 1-2 cm. long, 1-7 mm. wide, obtusely acumi-
nate, subsessile, entire or serrulate, the terminal one smaller than
or subequaling the lateral ones, sometimes irregularly incised;
inflorescence paniculate, trichotomous and dichotomous, the flowers
in loose clusters; fruit about 3 mm. long, glabrous or sparingly
pilosulous, 3-nerved on one face, 1-nerved on the other, the pappus
12-rayed.
Cuzco: Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 2,200-2,400 meters, Pennell 13968;
at 3,500-3,800 meters, Pennell 13896. Also in western Bolivia.
In the Peruvian material the leaflets are more toothed than in
the Bolivian specimens at hand. There is considerable variation
in the size and shape of the leaflets, even in the specimens repre-
senting a given number.
Valeriana ledoides Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 445. 1906.
A low, subrepent shrub, the stems ascending, up to 20 cm. high,
densely tomentose; leaves oblong or linear-oblong, 1-1.5 cm. long,
3-5 mm. wide, obtuse, entire or obscurely crenate-dentate, tomentose
beneath; inflorescence cymose, contracted, hemispheric; fruit oblong,
epappose(?).
Huanuco: Monzon, 3,300-3,400 meters, Weberbauer 3710 (type).
Valeriana lyrata Vahl, Enum. PI. 2: 4. 1805. V. remota Ball,
Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 22: 42. 1885. V. oxyrioides Graebn. Bot.
Jahrb. 37: 444. 1906.
Plant glabrous throughout, the stems few or several, erect,
10-50 cm. high, from a thick, woody root; basal leaves usually
lyrate with 1 or 2 lobes, occasionally entire and elliptic-oblong,
304 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
3-6 cm. long, 0.5-2 cm. wide, long-petioled, the cauline leaves 1-2
pairs, sessile, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid at
least toward the base, 1.5-3 cm. long; inflorescence spicate, the
heads all sessile or the lower short-peduncled, contiguous or the
lower remote; fruit ovate-lanceolate, about 2.5 mm. long, obscurely
1-nerved on one face, nerveless on the other, the pappus 6-rayed.
Lima: Chicla, 3,600-3,900 meters, Ball in 1882 (type of V.
remota); Weberbauer 236 (type of V. oxyrioides) . Rio Blanco, 3,500-
4,500 meters, 3007; Killip & Smith 21650. Bafios, Wilkes Ex-
pedition. Without locality, Jussieu (type) ; Savatier.
Valeriana Macbridei Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 454.
1925. V. hirsutissima Killip, loc. cit.
An erect herb, 60 cm. or more high, the lower part of the stem
and the lower leaves densely hirsute, the pubescence scantier up-
wards; leaves imparipinnate (those of the sterile shoots sometimes
simple), the leaflets membranous or subcoriaceous, acute or obtuse,
remotely denticulate or serrulate, the terminal leaflet of the basal
leaves much larger than the lateral ones, subequal to the lateral
ones in the case of the cauline leaves, the lateral leaflets 2-5-jugate,
sessile or subsessile; panicle diffuse, trichotomous and repeatedly
dichotomous; fruit lance-oblong, 3-nerved and glabrous on one face,
1-nerved and finely pilosulous on the other, the pappus 8-rayed.
Huanuco: Rio Santo Domingo, 1,200-1,500 meters, 3686 (type),
4240. Pampayacu, 1,000 meters, 5118 (type of V. hirsutissima}.
Valeriana malvacea Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 439. 1906.
An erect or subscandent, suffrutescent herb, 60-100 cm. high,
the stem pilosulous; leaves cordate-ovate, 3-9 cm. long, 1.5-5 cm.
wide, acuminate, denticulate or subentire, petiolate, densely pi-
losulous, the hairs stellate on the lower surface; panicle diffuse,
trichotomous and dichotomous; fruit oblong-ovate, glabrous; 3-
nerved on one face, 1-nerved on the other, the pappus 8-rayed.
Junin: Huacapistana, 2,600-2,800 meters, (Weberbauer 2197,
type) ; Killip & Smith 24356.
Valeriana Mathewsii Briq. Ann. Conserv. Jard. Bot. Geneve
17: 345. 1914. V. hyalinorhiza R. & P. sensu HBK. Nov. Gen. &
Sp. 3: 331. 1819, non R. & P. V. laevigata Willd. ex Steud. Norn.
Bot. 869. 1821(7). V. Humboldtii Hook. & Am. in Hook. Bot. Misc.
3:365. 1833(?).
Plant essentially glabrous throughout; root tuberous; stem
solitary, erect, about 40 cm. high; basal and lower cauline leaves
FLORA OF PERU 305
ovate, about 3 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, obtuse, irregularly crenulate,
the petioles 3-3.5 cm. long; upper cauline leaves linear-lanceolate,
deeply pinnatifid; panicle more than 20 cm. long, the lower branches
very slender, about 5 cm. long; fruit (immature) ovate, verruculose-
puberulent, the pappus 6(?)-rayed.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews (type).
I have not seen the Humboldt and Bonpland specimen referred
to V. hyalinorrhiza R. & P., to which Hooker and Arnott assigned
the name V. Humboldtii. It presumably came from northern Peru,
and the description in the Nova Genera et Species Plantarum applies
well to the plant later described as V. Mathewsii. Graebner cites
(Bot. Jahrb. 3: 48) a Humboldt specimen from "Cusa," Peru, in
the Berlin herbarium as V. laevigata Willd., a manuscript name
first listed by Steudel. "Cusa" may be an error for Cascas, in the
Department of Cajamarca, a locality visited by Humboldt and
Bonpland.
Valeriana micropterina Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 26. pi. 49,
/. B. 1857.
Plant essentially glabrous throughout, cespitose, the root thick;
stems erect, 15-40 cm. high, leafless or with 1-2 pairs of pinnate,
sessile leaves; basal leaves numerous, linear or linear-lanceolate in
general outline, 4-15 cm. long, including a petiole nearly as long as
the blade, imparipinnate, the leaflets 12-15-jugate, opposite or
subalternate, subequal, ovate or lanceolate, 3-10 mm. long, 2-4 mm.
wide, obtuse or subacute, sessile or short-petiolulate; flowers in
dense heads forming an interrupted spike, rarely the lower heads
on short branches; flowers polygamo-dioecious, the pistillate ones
smaller than the others; fruit ovate, obscurely 3-nerved on one face
and 1-nerved on the other, the pappus 10-rayed.
Cuzco: Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 3,800 meters, Pennell 13843. Also
in the mountains of Bolivia.
Valeriana nigricans Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 442. 1906.
Root fusiform; stem solitary, erect, 40-60 cm. high, subquad-
rangular; basal leaves ovate-cordate, 2-5 cm. long and wide, obtuse,
obscurely crenate, petiolate, glabrescent, the cauline smaller, ovate,
sessile or short-petiolate, crenate, pilose on the nerves beneath;
panicle contracted, trichotomous, the flowers subcapitate.
Junin: Huacapistana, 1,900-2,000 meters, Weberbauer 2001
(photo, of type seen).
306 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Valeriana nivalis Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 23. pi. 48, f. A. 1857.
Plant cespitose, the root thick, branched above; stems several,
erect, 5-10 (rarely up to 20) cm. high, glabrous; leaves mainly
basal, oblong-spatulate or obovate-spatulate, the blade 1.5-3 cm.
long, subabruptly tapering to the petiole, 5-13 mm. wide, obtuse
or rarely subacute, entire or obscurely serrulate, coriaceous, glabrous;
flowers in dense, solitary, terminal, globose heads up to 2 cm. in
diameter, often 1-2 pairs of similar but smaller, peduncled heads
below the terminal one; bractlets broadly oblong-obovate, 3-4 mm.
wide; fruit ovate-oblong, glabrous, obscurely nerved, the pappus
6-rayed.
Junin: Hacienda Runatullu, 4,500 meters, Weberbauer 6632.
Arequipa: Nevado de Chachani, 4,300-4,600 meters, Pennell 13302.
Arequipa, Stafford 368. Moquehua: Carumas, 4,500 meters, Weber-
bauer 7316. Puno: Lechler 1708. Cuzco: Paucartambo Valley,
3,800-4,200 meters, Hen era 1092, 2187, 231 4. Also in Bolivia.
Valeriana oblongifolia R. & P. Fl. 1: 40. pi. 65, f. a. 1798.
A low herb, with a thickened, fibrillose root; stems several, up
to 10 cm. long, erect or spreading, pilose; basal leaves oblong, 2-3.5
cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, obtuse, abruptly narrowed to the petiole,
irregularly dentate, pilose, the cauline leaves a single pair, linear-
lanceolate, 1.5-2 cm. long, sessile, laciniate-dentate; inflorescence a
single compact corymb; fruit oblong, apparently pappose.
Huanuco: Cerro de Pasco, Ruiz & Pavon (photo, of type seen).
Valeriana paniculata R. & P. Fl. 1: 41. pi. 70, f. a. 1798.
Plant hirsute or hirsutulous, the root woody, fibrillose; stem
60-100 cm. high; basal leaves and those of the sterile shoots simple,
cordate-ovate to ovate-oblong, 2-7 cm. long, 1.5-3.5 cm. wide, acute
or acuminate, cordate or rounded at the base, entire or denticulate,
the cauline leaves simple, or imparipinnate with 1-3 pairs of oblong
or ovate-oblong lateral leaflets; panicle diffuse, trichotomous and
repeatedly dichotomous; fruit lance-ovate, 3-nerved on one face,
1-nerved on the other, glabrous, the pappus 8-rayed.
Huanuco: Muna, Ruiz & Pavdn (fragment of type seen). Panao,
2,700 meters, 3628. Chaglla, 2,700 meters, 3645. Tambo de Vaca,
4,000 meters, 4408. Huacachi, 2,000 meters, 4185. Between
Huanuco and Pampayacu, Kanehira 281. Ayacucho: Choimacota
Valley, 3,400-3,500 meters, Weberbauer 7525. "Macae."
FLORA OF PERU 307
These specimens vary in the degree of indument, and most of
them have some of the cauline leaves simple, not all of them pinnate
as shown by the Ruiz and Pavon illustration.
Valeriana Pardoana Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 440. 1906.
A woody vine, climbing to 3 meters, the internodes elongate;
leaves ovate-lanceolate, 4-10 cm. long, 2.5-3 cm. wide, entire,
acuminate at both ends, petiolate, sparsely pubescent beneath;
inflorescence diffuse, the branches very slender, the flowers rather
evenly spaced out on the ultimate, filiform branches; fruit oblong,
about 1 mm. long.
Junin: Huacapistana, 1,800-2,000 meters, Weberbauer 2145
(type).
Valeriana parvula Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 500. 1928.
A low, cespitose herb, essentially glabrous throughout, the root
thick; leaves orbicular or ovate-orbicular, 7-10 mm. long, 7-8 mm.
wide, rounded at the apex, abruptly narrowed to a winged petiole
up to 10 mm. long; stems several, erect or decumbent, 2-3 cm. long,
leafless or with a pair of small, linear leaves at the base of the in-
florescence; inflorescence a terminal cyme about 1 cm. long and wide;
fruit broadly lance-ovate, 1-nerved on one face, obscurely 3-nerved
on the other, apparently epappose.
Cuzco: Cerro de Colquipata, 4,000-4,200 meters, Pennell 13756
(type).
Valeriana Pavonii Poepp. in Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp.
3: 16. pi 215. 1845.
A vine, woody at least toward the base; leaves ovate-lanceolate
or oblong-lanceolate, averaging about 4-6 cm. long and 2.5-3 cm.
wide, acuminate at both ends, entire, glabrous, sometimes pilosulous
on the nerves beneath; panicle diffuse, the branches pubescent, the
flowers usually in clusters of 2 or 3; mature fruit about 3 mm. long
and 2 mm. wide, glabrous or finely pilosulous, the pappus 15-20-rayed.
San Martin: Zepelacio, 1,200-1,600 meters, King 3366. Tara-
poto, Spruce 4356. Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews in 1830.
Huanuco: Huacachi, 2,000 meters, 4093. Pampayacu, 1,000
meters (Poeppig, type); 5063. Junin: Huacapistana, 1,800 meters,
Killip & Smith 24162. Ayacucho: Carrapa, 1,000 meters, Killip
& Smith 22464. Cuzco: Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 2,300 meters, Pennell
14023. Widely distributed in the Andes between 1,000 and 3,000
meters altitude.
308 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
This is one of the commonest species of Valeriana in the northern
Andes, and it is hard to believe that it was not described until
1845. V. laurifolia HBK., the identity of which has never been
fully established, may well be the earliest name for this species.
Valeriana Pennellii Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 499. 1928.
Plant glabrous throughout, the root thickened, the stem erect,
40-45 cm. high; basal leaves 15-25 cm. long, including a petiole
longer than the blade, imparipinnate, the terminal leaflet ovate,
1.5-2 cm. long, obtuse, entire, the lateral leaflets 4-6-jugate, ovate
or ovate-lanceolate, 5-8 mm. long, 3-5 mm. wide, sessile, entire,
the cauline leaves 1 pair, similar but smaller, subsessile; inflorescence
spiciform, the upper heads sessile on the main axis, the lower sessile
on short branches; bractlets obovate-spatulate, 1.5-2 mm. wide;
fruit oblong, purple-spotted, obscurely 1-nerved on one face, nerve-
less on the other, the pappus 6-rayed.
Cuzco: La Roya, 4,400-4,500 meters, Pennell 13510 (type).
Valeriana pilosa R. & P. Fl. 1: 39. pi. 66, f. a. 1798. V. longi-
folia var. pilosa Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 21. 1857.
Plant erect, about 30 cm. high, the rootstock thickened; stem
pilose, often very sparingly so or glabrescent; basal leaves numerous,
linear-lanceolate or narrowly spatulate, 10-15 cm. long, 0.5-1.5 cm.
wide, acuminate or subobtuse, tapering to a poorly defined, sheathing
petiole, glabrescent or faintly pilose, the cauline leaves linear, 1-4
cm. long; inflorescence narrow, trichotomously few-branched, the
flowers in dense clusters; bractlets obovate; fruit 1.5-2 rnm. long,
glabrous, obscurely 3-nerved on one face and 1-nerved on the other,
the pappus 6-rayed, pilose.
Amazonas: At 2,700-3,300 meters, Williams 7580. Chachapoyas,
Mathews 66. Huanuco: Mito, 1812, 3352. Junin: Diezmo (Ruiz
& Pav6n, type).
In the specimens cited above the leaves vary somewhat from
those of the Ruiz and Pavon illustration, and the indument is so
scant that the specific name pilosa is scarcely appropriate. Mac-
bride 3352 has leaves up to 20 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, thus being
intermediate between this species and V. Weberbaueri, and his No.
1812 bears a strong similarity to V. sphaerocephala.
Valeriana pinnatifida R. & P. Fl. 1: 40. pi. 69, /. 6. 1798.
An erect herb, 30 cm. high or more, glabrous throughout except
the pubescent nodes and fruit; root tuberous; basal and lower
FLORA OF PERU 309
cauline leaves petiolate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, entire, irregularly
crenate-dentate, or pinnatifid, up to 20 cm. long, including the
petiole, and 6 cm. wide, membranous, the upper cauline leaves
sessile, pinnatifid, the segments often toothed; inflorescence cymose
or cymose-paniculate, the flowers clustered, polygamous, the stami-
nate with a limb about 2 mm. wide, the limb of the others about
1 mm. wide; fruit flattened, broadly ovate, about 2.5 mm. long and
2 mm. wide, densely pilosulous and purple-mottled on both faces,
the pappus 10-rayed.
Lima: Lima, Ruiz & Pavdn (type); Nation in 1862. Amancaes,
200-400 meters, Pennell 14809; Mathews 727. Obrajillo, Wilkes
Expedition. Matucana, 2,400 meters, 146. Junin: Huariaca, 2,900
meters, 31 01.
This species has often been confused with V. interrupta, probably
because the leaves of that species often -closely resemble those
shown in Ruiz and Pavon's illustration of V. pinnatifida. The
Pennell and the Mathews specimens very closely correspond to the
original description of the lowest leaves being entire; they have
broadly ovate, densely pubescent fruits, which may serve as an
additional differentiating character.
Valeriana plectritoides Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 441. 1906. V.
oligodonta Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21: 351. 1931 (?).
Root thickened; stems few or numerous, erect, up to 30 cm.
high, essentially glabrous; basal leaves long-petioled, the blades
ovate to broadly rhombic-ovate, up to 5 cm. long and 4 cm. wide,
obtuse, gradually or subabruptly narrowed to the petiole, irregularly
sinuate-dentate, crenate-dentate, or denticulate, flabellate-nerved,
glabrous or sparingly ciololate, membranous, the cauline leaves
lanceolate or subrhombic, subsessile; flowers in dense, subglobose
heads terminal or in long-peduncled, axillary cymes or interrupted
spikes; bractlets obovate or linear-spatulate, about 1.5 mm. wide,
pale or rufescent; flowers polygamous, the staminate ones the
largest, the limb 3-4 mm. wide; fruit ovate-lanceolate, obscurely
1-nerved on one face, nerveless on the other, glabrous, pappose.
Puno: Cuyocuyo, 3,800 meters, Weberbauer 928 (photo, of type
seen). Sacsahuaman, 3,500-3,600 meters, Herrera 2190 (type of V.
oligodonta). Cuzco, 3,600 meters, Stafford 245.
Valeriana plectritoides var. pallida Graebn. loc. cit.
Plant slender, many of the stems divergent; flower clusters
smaller.
310 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Puno: Cuyocuyo, 3,800 meters (Weberbauer 928a, type). Ara-
ranca, 4,100-4,300 meters, Pennell 13438. Here perhaps belongs
also Pennell 13438a, which has a lax inflorescence.
Additional collecting must be done in southeastern Peru before
final disposition of this species and its close relatives, V. Herrerae,
V. sphaerocephala, and V. parvula, can be made. In V. oligodonta
the leaves are much larger and the inflorescence is more condensed
than in the type of V. plectritoides. The variety pallida is very
similar to Plectritis samolifolia in general appearance.
Valeriana pycnantha Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 322. 1862.
A low, cespitose herb, glabrous throughout, the rootstock woody,
thickened; leaves rosulate, linear-spatulate, 2-3 cm. long, 3-5 mm.
wide, tapering gradually to a broad petiole, entire, carnose; stem
stout, 1-4 cm. long, bearing near -the middle 2 or 3 oblong, sessile,
verticillate, carnose leaves; head solitary, ovoid or subglobose, about
1.5 cm. in diameter; fruit narrowly ovate-oblong, the pappus 5-7-
rayed, brownish.
Ancash: Cordillera de Pelagatos, Weberbauer 7238. Lima: Alpa-
marca, Wilkes Expedition (type). Casapalca, 4,700 meters, 823.
Without locality, Maclean.
Valeriana quadrangularis HBK. Nov. Geh. & Sp. 3: 326. 1819.
Plant suffrutescent, essentially glabrous throughout, the stem
quadrangular, 30-40 cm. high; basal leaves ovate-oblong, 3-3.5 cm.
long, about 1 cm. wide, obtusely acuminate, entire, or denticulate
toward the base, petiolate, the cauline leaves similar, slightly
smaller and subsessile; inflorescence cymose-paniculate, rather laxly
dichotomous, the branches quadrangular; fruit linear-oblong, the
pappus about 14-rayed.
Peru: "Andes," Humboldt &Bonpland (type).
This is a doubtful species, as to both the systematic position it
should occupy and its place of occurrence. It very closely re-
sembles V. adscendens Turcz., an Ecuadorean species. If actually
from Peru, it was presumably collected in the northern part. It
was described as a shrub, and has been placed next to V. Grisiana
by Hock (Bot. Jahrb. 3: 49). The stem, however, is not densely
leafy as in other species of this group.
Valeriana radicata Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 436. 1906.
Plant erect, glabrous throughout, 25-50 cm. high, with a thick,
elongate root; leaves imparipinnate, 2-5-jugate, the basal about 15
cm. long, the leaflets broadly ovate or suborbicular, entire, the
FLORA OF PERU 311
terminal one about 3 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, the lateral ones much
smaller, the cauline leaves with oblong, acute leaflets; panicle rather
contracted, the lower branches elongate, the flowers in dense clusters;
bractlets linear, less than 1 mm. wide; fruit ovate, pilose on one
face, pappose.
Puno: Azangaro (Weberbauer J^65, type). Near Puno, Soukup
31. Cuzco: Cuzco, Soukup 52. "Phusa-phusa."
Valeriana renifolia Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 453.
1925.
Root elongate; stems several, erect, about 65 cm. high, pilose
below, glabrescent above; basal leaves subreniform or broadly ovate,
1.5-3.5 cm. long, 2.5-3 cm. wide, rounded, coarsely crenate-dentate
or repand-dentate, petiolate, glabrescent or sparsely pilose, the
cauline oblong or lanceolate-oblong, about 1.5 cm. long and 7 mm.
wide, sessile, irregularly glandular-denticulate; panicle diffuse, the
primary branches 2-4 at a node, repeatedly dichotomous, the
flowers borne singly; fruit ovate, 1-1.5 mm. long, 3-nerved on one
face, 1-nerved on the other, papillose, glabrous, the pappus 8-rayed.
Junin: Huariaca, 2,900 meters, 3099 (type).
Valeriana rufescens Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21: 352.
1931.
Plant rufo-tomentellous nearly throughout; stems several, from
a woody rootstock; leaves lanceolate in general outline, the basal
numerous, 8-10 cm. long, including the petiole, 1.5-2 cm. wide,
pinnate in the lower half, the leaflets oblong or oblong-spatulate,
serrate, pinnatifid in the upper half, the cauline leaves few, similar
to the basal, sessile or short-petioled; inflorescence racemose-panic-
ulate or pyramidal, 7-8 cm. long, 2-2.5 cm. wide, the flowers in
subglobose clusters on short branches; flowers apparently dioecious,
the limb of the staminate ones nearly 4 mm. wide, deeply lobed,
that of the pistillate ones 1.5-2 mm. wide; fruit narrowly oblong,
obscurely 3-nerved on one face and 1-nerved on the other, the
pappus 8-rayed.
Huanuco: Munna (Muna?), 3,800-3,900 meters, Weberbauer 6786
(type).
Valeriana scandens L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 47. 1762.
A slender, herbaceous vine, glabrous throughout; leaves trifolio-
late, long-peticlate, membranous, the leaflets repand or sinuate-
dentate, rarely entire, the terminal one broadly ovate, rounded or
312 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
cordate at the base, the lateral ones lance-ovate, oblique; panicles
axillary and terminal, lax, diffuse; fruit about 3 mm. long, strongly
3-nerved on one face and 1-nerved on the other, glabrous, the
pappus 10-rayed.
Widely distributed in the warmer parts of the American tropics.
Represented in Peru by the following variety, also of wide distri-
bution:
Valeriana scandens var. Candolleana (Gardn.) C. Muell. in
Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 4: 344. 1885. V. Candolleana Gardn. Lond.
Journ. Bot. 4: 112. 1845.
Leaves simple, deltoid or ovate, acuminate, coarsely dentate,
at least toward the base.
San Martin: Zepelacio, 1,200-1,600 meters, King 3545.
Valeriana serrata R. & P. FL 1: 40. pi. 68, /. c. 1798.
Plant cespitose, glabrous throughout, the root about 2.5 cm.
thick at the apex, the stems erect, 15-20 cm. high, leafless except
for a pair of foliaceous bracts at the base of the inflorescence; basal
leaves lanceolate-spatulate, 2-5 cm. long, 0.5-1 cm. wide, acute,
serrate toward the apex; inflorescence an interrupted spike, the
heads all sessile; fruit oblong, pappose.
Ancash: Cheuchin, Ruiz & Pavdn (type).
Valeriana sphaerocephala Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 441. 1906.
Plant essentially glabrous throughout; stem erect, 40-50 cm.
high, from a thick rootstock; basal leaves ovate or lanceolate, 1-3
cm. long, 0.6-1.5 cm. wide, obtuse or subacute, entire or with 1-2
coarse, rounded teeth, tapering to a slender petiole up to 6 cm. long,
the few cauline leaves linear, short-petioled or subsessile; inflo-
rescence racemiform, the flowers in dense, distinct heads, all but the
upper of which are peduncled, sometimes sessile on a short branch
at the lower nodes of the inflorescence; fruit black, pappose.
Puno: Sandia, 3,100 meters, Weberbauer 854a (type).
Valeriana sphaerophora Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 440. 1906.
Plant glabrous throughout, the rootstock thick, the stems erect,
50-70 cm. high; basal leaves 10-15 cm. long, including a petiole
about as long as the blade, 1-2 cm. wide, imparipinnate, the leaflets
usually 3-6-jugate, subequal, entire, incised, or pinnatifid, the
cauline 1-2 pairs, similar to the basal, subsessile; inflorescence race-
mose-paniculate, the upper heads sessile on the main axis, the lower
sessile on short branches; fruit lance-ovate, blackish, pappose.
Puno: Sandia, Cuyocuyo, 3,100 meters, Weberbauer 854 (type).
FLORA OF PERU 313
Valeriana Tessendorffiana Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 438. 1906.
Plant erect, 1-2 meters high, pilosulous or glabrescent, the root
woody, fibrillose; lower leaves and those of the sterile shoots obovate-
lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 6-10 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide, acu-
minate, cordulate at the base or tapering gradually to a narrowly
winged petiole, the upper leaves broadly ovate, sessile; panicle
diffuse, trichotomous and dichotomous, the branches ascending;
fruit lanceolate, about 3 mm. long, subcarinate, 3-nerved and gla-
brous on one face, 1-nerved and sparingly pilosulous on the other,
pappose.
Huanuco: Monzon, 3,200 meters, Weberbauer 3365 (type). Mito,
2,700 meters, 1399. Panao, 2,700 meters, 3616.
Valeriana thalictroides Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 443. 1906.
Plant essentially glabrous throughout, the rootstock branched
and thickened at the apex, long-tapering at the base, the stems
numerous, erect or suberect, 10-40 cm. high; basal leaves long-
petioled, linear-lanceolate, 10-20 cm. long, imparipinnate, 10-15-
jugate, the leaflets lanceolate or ovate, 5-15 mm. long, 2-5 mm. wide,
acute or subobtuse, subentire or with 2-4 teeth, the cauline leaves
similar, smaller, subsessile; inflorescence racemose-paniculate or
pyramidal, contracted, the flowers in dense heads, contiguous on
the branches; fruit ovate, obscurely 1-nerved on one face, nerveless
on the other, the pappus 10-rayed.
Lima: Rio, 4,500 meters, 2993. Viso, 2,700 meters, 609. Ticlio,
4,600 meters, Ledig 31. Casacancha, Wilkes Expedition. Between
Lima and Tarma, Isern 2024- Junin: Santa Oroya (La Oroya?),
3,700-3,800 meters, Weberbauer 2580 (type). Huaron, 4,200 meters,
1128. Anchi, Savatier in 1877.
Valeriana tomentosa HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 327. 1819.
V. friasana Schmale, Repert. Sp. Nov. 41: 292. 1937.
A woody vine, the stem terete, cano-tomentose or villous with
simple or stellate hairs; leaves cordate-ovate, 2-12 cm. long, 1-7 cm.
wide, acuminate or subobtuse, denticulate or subentire, petiolate
(petioles 1-2.5 cm. long), pilosulous above, cano-tomentose beneath,
the hairs stellate; panicle diffuse, trichotomous and dichotomous;
fruit broadly ovate, finely pilosulous, 3-nerved on one face, 1-nerved
on the other, the pappus 10-rayed.
Piura: Above Palambla, 2,700-2,800 meters, Weberbauer 6037.
Frias, Prov. Ayavaca, 2,900 meters, Weberbauer 6403 (type of V.
friasana). Also in the mountains of Ecuador.
314 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Valeriana Trichomanes Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 445. 1906.
A low, cespitose herb, glabrous throughout, with a thickened
rootstock; leaves linear in general outline, up to 4 cm. long and 1 cm.
wide, petiolate, membranous, imparipinnate, the leaflets ovate or
ovate-lanceolate, 2-^1-dentate; stem 3-5 cm. high, leafless or with a
pair of small, sessile, pinnate leaves; inflorescence a single sub-
globose or ovoid head; flowers polygamous, the pistillate and perfect
ones with a narrow, elongate tube, the staminate with a short,
broad tube.
Lima: Chicla, 3,720 meters, Weberbauer 234 (photo, of type
seen).
Valeriana urticaefolia HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 330. pi. 275.
1819. V. erysimoides Poepp. in Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp.
3: 16. 1845.
An annual with a tuberous root; stem slender, simple or few-
branched, hirsutulous with reflexed hairs, at least toward the base;
leaves membranous, rotund-cordate, 2-4 cm. long, rounded or sub-
acute, dentate or sinuate-dentate, petiolate, hirsutulous or glabres-
cent, the upper cauline ones sessile and usually somewhat smaller;
inflorescence paniculate, the branches slender, ascending, 2-3 times
dichotomous, the flowers secund, appressed to the rachis; fruit ovate,
conspicuously 1-nerved on both faces, pilosulous on one face, gla-
brous on the other, thick-margined, the pappus 10-12-rayed, tardily
developing.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews 3103. Cajamarca: Rio Taba-
conas, 1,200-1,300 meters, Weberbauer 260. Huanuco : Cochero
(Poeppig, type of y. erysimoides}. Piedra Grande, 1,500 meters,
3699. Department uncertain: San Carlos, Mathews 1543. Without
locality: Mathews 2073. Also in Colombia and Ecuador.
Valeriana variabilis Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 443. 1906.
An erect herb, 10-30 cm. high, glabrous throughout, with an
elongate, thickened root; basal leaves numerous, long-petiolate,
imparipinnate, the leaflets ovate or obovate, dentate, the terminal
one 2-4 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, the lateral ones 3-5-jugate, much
smaller, the lower pairs remote, the cauline leaves few, smaller and
short-petioled; flowers in subglobose clusters which are solitary or
numerous and paniculate.
Puno: Pucara, 3,700 meters, Weberbauer 423 (photo, of type seen).
The above diagnosis is derived from the original description and
the photograph of the type. Several other specimens, listed below,
FLORA OF PERU 315
seem to represent a robust form of this and are tentatively referred
here. The plants attain a height of 2.5 meters, according to the
collectors' notes; the leaves are up to 25 cm. long, the leaflets as
much as 8 cm. long and 4 cm. wide; the inflorescence is diffusely
paniculate. The general appearance of some of the specimens is
much like that of V. Warburgii. The fruit is uniformly broadly
ovate, abruptly tapering to a beak, and is densely pilosulous.
Ayacucho: Between Huanta and Pargora, 3,000 meters, Kittip &
Smith 221 84- Cuzco : Cuzco, Soukup 253. Pisac, 3,600-3,700 meters,
Pennell 13730. Colquipata, 3,200-3,300 meters, Pennett 13783.
Urubamba Valley, 3,000 meters, Cook & Gilbert 1166; Herrera 1365,
3443.
Valeriana verrucosa Schmale, Repert. Sp. Nov. 42: 293. 1937.
An erect herb, up to 150 cm. high, essentially glabrous throughout,
the root napiform; basal and cauline leaves similar, membranous,
imparipinnate, the leaflets 3-5-jugate, ovate-lanceolate or oblong,
remotely serrate or subentire, the terminal one up to 5 cm. long, the
lateral smaller; panicle diffuse, trichotomous and repeatedly dichot-
omous; fruit broadly ovate, about 2 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide,
strongly verrucose, the pappus 10-rayed.
Huancavelica: Colcabamba, 2,000-2,100 meters, Weberbauer
6467 (type). Ayacucho: Carrapa, 1,500 meters, Killip & Smith
22378, 22410, 22429.
Valeriana virgata R. & P. Fl. 1: 42. pi. 66, f. b. 1798.
A much branched shrub up to 100 cm. high, minutely puberulent
throughout, rarely glabrescent; stem quadrangular, leafy, the
branches virgate, erect; leaves imparipinnate, the leaflets numerous,
narrowly linear and entire, or digitate-lobed, obtuse; inflorescence
cymose or cymose-paniculate, usually contracted; flowers poly-
gamous, the staminate the larger; fruit ovate, 3-nerved on one face,
1-nerved on the other, glabrous, the pappus 12-rayed.
Lima: Province of Canta, Ruiz & Pavdn (photo, and fragment of
type seen). Chaglla, 3,200 meters, Weberbauer 6690. Department
uncertain: Pintac, 3,900 meters, Pearce in 1867.
Valeriana Warburgii Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 439. 1906.
An erect herb, 2 meters high or more, the stem and leaves spar-
ingly pilose or glabrescent; basal and cauline leaves similar, impari-
pinnate, the leaflets interruptedly 5-8-jugate, opposite, or the lower
alternate, broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, up to 9 cm. long and
316 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
5 cm. wide, acuminate or subobtuse, coarsely dentate or repand-
dentate, membranous, sessile, or the lower petiolulate; panicle dif-
fuse, trichotomous and repeatedly dichotomous; fruit lance-ovate,
3-nerved on one face, 1-nerved on the other, glabrous, the pappus
8-rayed.
Huanuco: Yanano, 2,400 meters, 3797. Ayacucho: Carrapa,
1,500 meters, Kittip & Smith 22410. Moquehua: Carumas, 3,100
meters, Weberbauer 7482. Puno: Sandia, 2,400 meters, Weberbauer
555 (type).
Valeriana Weberbaueri Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 438. 1906.
Stem stout, 1-1.5 meters high, strongly ribbed, pilose; leaves
lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, tapering to an obtuse apex, gradually
narrowing at the base to a broad, sheathing petiole, coriaceous,
glabrous above, densely reflexed-pilose on the midnerve beneath,
the basal leaves 30-40 cm. long, 2-4.5 cm. wide, the cauline 7-15
cm. long, 1-3.5 cm. wide; inflorescence densely paniculate, the
panicle up to 40 cm. long, trichotomous, the flowers in dense, sub-
globose clusters; bractlets broadly obovate, 2.5-3 mm. wide; fruit
oblong, obscurely 1-nerved on one face, closely 3-nerved on the other,
the pappus 6-rayed.
Huanuco: Monzon, 3,400-3,500 meters, Weberbauer 3325 (type).
Tambo de Vaca, 3,950 meters, 4427.
4. STANGEA Graebn.
Cespitose, acaulescent or subacaulescent, perennial herbs, the
roots fusiform and thickened at the apex, or stoloniferous; leaves
densely rosulate, fleshy; inflorescence sessile or terminating a short,
thick scape, densely flowered, flat-topped, hemispheric, or sub-
globose; bracts cuneate or cuneate-obovate; flowers polygamous
(always?); corolla limb 5-parted, the segments rounded; anthers
linear or linear-oblong, sessile or short-filamentose; fruit nerve-
less, pappose.
The present treatment of this genus is derived almost wholly
from Graebner's account. I have seen none of the specimens which
he cites, though photographs of all but one of the type specimens
are at hand. Further collecting will perhaps show that the lines of
differentiation between some of the species are too fine.
Plant densely cespitose, without stolons.
Leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong, acute or subobtuse, sessile.
S. Erikae.
FLORA OF PERU 317
Leaves subrotund, ovate, or cordate, obtuse or rounded, abruptly
narrowed to a petiole.
Leaves averaging 1-1.5 cm. wide; flowers rose... S. Henrici.
Leaves averaging 1.5-2.5 cm. wide; flowers yellowish white.
S. rhizantha.
Plant loosely cespitose, stoloniferous.
Leaves obtuse, glabrous, the petioles up to 3 cm. long; inflorescence
subglobose S. Paulae.
Leaves acuminate, pilosulous, the petioles up to 1 cm. long; inflo-
rescence hemispheric S. Wandae.
Stangea Erikae Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 450. 1906.
Plant densely cespitose, forming a hemispheric mass about 4 cm.
high; leaves oblong, 0.8-2 cm. long, 4-6 mm. wide, acute or subobtuse,
sessile; inflorescence very dense, shorter than the leaves; bracts
obovate, mucronate.
Ancash: Yanganuco, near Yungai, 4,600-4,700 meters, Weber-
bauer 8272 (photo, of type seen).
Stangea Henrici Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 449. 1906.
Root strongly thickened; leaves subrotund, 2-5 cm. long in-
cluding a broadly linear, sheathing petiole, 1-1.5 cm. wide; stem
very short or up to 3 cm. long; inflorescence about 1 cm. high and
5 cm. wide; bracts cuneate or obcordate; flowers rose; fruit oblong,
about 3 mm. long, blackish.
Ancash: Huaraz, 4,500 meters (Weberbauer 2962, type).
"Corihuajaj."
Stangea Paulae Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 450. 1906.
Plant loosely cespitose, the root stoloniferous; leaves laxly
clustered, obovate or oblong-obovate, 1-1.5 cm. long, 4-5 mm. wide,
obtuse, tapering gradually to a slender petiole 1.5-3 cm. long; inflo-
rescence subglobose, sessile or short-peduncled ; corolla tube gradually
dilated toward the apex.
Puno: Ananca, Province of Sandia, 4,700-4,900 meters, Weber-
bauer 1036 (photo, of type seen).
Stangea rhizantha (A. Gray) Killip, comb. nov. Valeriana
rhizantha A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 322. 1862. Stangea Emiliae
Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 449. 1906.
Plant densely cespitose, the root fusiform, much thickened in
the upper part; leaves closely rosulate, spatulate-rotund, cordate,
318 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
or broadly ovate, 1.5-4.5 cm. long including a broad petiole, 1-2.5
cm. wide, rounded at the apex; inflorescence very dense, sessile,
flat-topped or depressed, 2-4 cm. wide; flowers yellowish white;
fruit oblong, about 1 mm. long, the pappus 5-rayed.
Lima: Alpamarca, Wilkes Expedition (type). Rio Blanco, 4,600
meters, 3030. Alpamina, 4,500 meters (Weberbauer 5090). Junin:
Hacienda Arapa, near Yauli, 4,400 meters, Weberbauer 276 (photo,
of type of S. Emiliae seen).
Stangea Wandae Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37:450. 1906.
Plant stoloniferous; leaves subrosulate, ovate or lanceolate, 6-10
mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, acuminate, pilosulous, verrucose, the
petiole 5-10 mm. long, pilose; inflorescence short-peduncled, hemi-
spheric, 1-2 cm. wide; corolla tube constricted at the apex.
Lima: Above Lima, 4,500 meters, Weberbauer 3755 (photo, of
type seen), (5116).
5. BELONANTHUS Graebn.
Subacaulescent, cespitose, perennial herbs, the caudex short,
simple or few-branched, densely clothed with the persistent, cori-
aceous, stramineous, glabrous, sheathing bases of the old leaves;
leaves rosulate, linear or linear-spatulate, thick, vaginate; cymes
short-peduncled or subsessile, the 2 involucral bracts partially
connate; flowers polygamous, epappose, the corolla with a long,
slender tube, the limb 3-lobed.
This genus has recently been monographed by Schmale, Notizbl.
Bot. Gart. Berlin 13: 23-26. 1936, and the present treatment is de-
rived largely from it; few of the specimens there cited have been
examined.
Inflorescence distinctly peduncled, the peduncle at least 2 cm. long.
B. longitubulosus.
Inflorescence subsessile, the peduncle much less than 2 cm. long.
Caudex very thick, scarcely branched but bearing 2-3 rosettes of
leaves B. angustifolius.
Caudex slenderer, with several branches.
Leaves glabrous B. crassipes.
Leaves pubescent.
Leaves densely pilose-hispid; corolla lobes obtuse.
B. hispidus.
Leaves sparingly pilose and slightly ciliate; corolla lobes
acute B. spathulatus.
FLORA OF PERU 319
Belonanthus angustifolius Schmale, Notizbl. Bot. Gart.
Berlin 13: 25. 1936.
Plant up to 3 cm. high, the caudex scarcely branched, bearing 2-3
rosettes, the leaves linear-lanceolate, 1-2 mm. wide in the upper
part, acute, sessile, entire, glabrous above the middle, ciliate below
the middle, membranous; peduncle 5-10 mm. long; flowers sessile;
corolla tube up to 6 mm. long.
Huanuco: Monzon, 3,700-4,000 meters (Weberbauer 3321, type).
Also reported from Bolivia.
Belonanthus crassipes (Wedd.) Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 447.
1906. Phyllactis crassipes Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 29. pi. 47, /. A.
1857. Valeriana crassipes Hock, Bot. Jahrb. 3 : 56. 1882.
Plant about 6 cm. high, glabrous throughout; leaves linear or
slightly spatulate, 2-3 cm. long, 1.5-2 mm. wide, acute, subcori-
aceous; cymes sessile or with a very short peduncle; flowers sessile,
the corolla lobes subacute.
Ancash: Huaraz, 4,000 meters (Weberbauer 2965). Type from
Bolivia. "Huencormake."
Belonanthus hispidus (Wedd.) Graebn. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 447.
1906. Phyllactis hispida Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 29. 1857. Valeriana
exscapa Griseb. Berb. Amer. Aust. 57. 1857, name only. V. hispida
Hock, Bot. Jahrb. 3: 56. 1882, non Turcz. 1852. V. niphobia Briq.
Ann. Conserv. Jard. Bot. Geneve 17: 347. 1914.
Plant 3-5 cm. high; leaves in densely fasicled rosettes, linear or
slightly spatulate, 2-3 cm. long, excluding the sheaths, up to 2 mm.
wide, acute or subacute, entire, submembranous, long-retrorse-
ciliate and usually densely pilose-hispid; flowers sessile, the corolla
lobes about 1 mm. long, obtuse.
Puno : Moho, Prov. Huancane", 3,100 meters, Shepard 87. Ayapata,
Lechler 1962 (photo, of specimen labeled "V. exscapa Griseb." seen).
Type from Bolivia.
Belonanthus longitubulosus Schmale, Notizbl. Bot. Gart.
Berlin 13: 25. 1936.
Plant up to 7 cm. high; leaves linear-spatulate, 3-6 cm. long,
0.5-3 mm. wide, acute, entire, densely short-pilose; inflorescence
laxly capitate, the peduncle 2-2.5 cm. long; flowers sessile, the
corolla tube 8-9 mm. long, the lobes oblong, 2 mm. long, rounded
at the apex.
320 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Cajamarca: Hualgayoc, 4,000-4,100 meters (Weberbauer 3989}.
Junin: Palca, 3,200-3,400 meters (Weberbauer 2491, type).
Belonanthus spathulatus (R. & P.) Schmale, Notizbl. Bot.
Gart. Berlin 13: 26. 1936. Valeriana spathulata R. & P. Fl. 1: 40. pi.
68, f. 6. 1798. Phyllactis spathulata Pers. Syn. 1: 39. 1805.
Plant up to 5 cm. high and 10 cm. wide; leaves linear or spatulate,
2-3 cm. long, 1-5 mm. wide, obtuse, sparingly pilose, slightly ciliate;
peduncle stout, 2-3 mm. long; flowers sessile, the corolla tube 5-7
mm. long, the lobes ovate, nearly 2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, acute.
Libertad: Huamachuco, 4,650 meters, Weberbauer 7013. Lima:
Rio Blanco, 4,500 meters, 3011. Huanuco: Mito, 3,300 meters,
1898. Junin: Bombon, Ruiz & Pavdn (type).
6. PHYLLACTIS Pers.
Acaulescent or subacaulescent, cespitose herbs, the root fusiform,
becoming very thick toward the apex; leaves in dense rosettes,
linear to oblong-spatulate, the sheathing base persisting; peduncles
numerous and very short and stout or rather few and elongate and
slenderer, the bracts connate toward the base, the flowers sessile,
polygamous; corolla tube very short (not more than 4 mm. long), the
lobes 3, rarely 4.
Peduncles 10-20 cm. long; bracts more than 2; leaves oblong-
spatulate, more than 1 cm. wide, with many parallel nerves.
P. convallarioides.
Peduncles less than 1 cm. long; bracts 2; leaves linear or linear-
lanceolate, not more than 1 cm. wide, 1-nerved.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, rigid, glabrous throughout . . P. rigida.
Leaves narrowly linear or linear-subulate, subcoriaceous, ciliate
in the lower half P. tenuifolia.
Phyllactis convallarioides Schmale, Repert. Sp. Nov. 41: 294.
1937.
Root very stout, up to 2 cm. thick; leaves oblong-spatulate,
6-12 cm. long, 1.5-3 cm. wide, subobtuse, entire, or obscurely
crenulate toward the apex, coriaceous, conspicuously parallel-
nerved, ciliate and sparingly pilose in the lower half, glabrescent in
the upper; peduncles 10-20 cm. long; bracts several, slightly con-
nate; flowers in a compact cyme, sessile; corolla tube 3-4 mm. long,
the limb 3-4-lobed, the lobes obtuse; fruit elliptic, 3-4 mm. long,
glabrous.
FLORA OF PERU 321
Piura: Huancabamba, 3,400-3,500 meters, Weberbauer 6089
(type).
Phyllactis rigida (R. & P.) Pers. Syn. 1: 39. 1805. Valeriana
rigida R. & P. Fl. 1: 39. pi. 65, f. c. 1798.
Plants in dense, stemless tufts, the leaves radiate and flat on the
ground, the blades linear-lanceolate, up to 5 cm. long and 1 cm. wide,
entire, 1-nerved, pungent, rigid, glabrous, stramineous; peduncles
stout, up to 1.5 cm. long, connate; corolla tube very slender, about
3 mm. long, the limb 3-lobed, the lobes triangular-ovate.
Cajamarca: Micuibamba, 4,500 meters, Humboldt & Bonpland.
Huanuco: Cerro de Pasco, 4,300 meters, 3075. Junin: Bombon
(Ruiz & Pavdn, type). Tarma, Weddell. Apurimac: Sorococha
Pass, 4,400 meters, West 3728. Also in Colombia and Ecuador.
Phyllactis tenuifolia (R. & P.) Pers. Syn. 1: 39. 1805. Valeriana
tenuifolia R. & P. Fl. 1: 39. pi. 65, f. d. 1798.
Similar to P. rigida in habit and in the inflorescence; leaves
narrowly linear or linear-subulate, 6-10 cm. long, 2-3 mm. wide,
pungent, entire, 1-nerved, glabrous, ciliate in the lower half, sub-
coriaceous.
Lima: Huarochiri (Ruiz & Pavdn). Huanuco: Mito, 2,700
meters, 1796. Junin: Huasa-huasi, Dombey or Ruiz & Pavdn (type).
CUCURBITACEAE. Gourd Family
To tell the story of the gourd or calabaza would be nearly to
trace the story of mankind from the time of its written record, for
the first dish and the first bottle may well have been fashioned
from a fruit of some form of the vine botanists have named La-
genaria siceraria, or others (in Peru) "poro," "matha," or "mati,"
the last two in the Quichua language. Records in literature exist
from the ninth century, and there is a picture that dates from 1484.
In Peru itself the fruit and seeds have been found in ancient graves
of the Incas (Rochebrune, Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 33: 347. 1879;
Costantin & Bois, Rev. Ge"ne>. Bot. 22: 259. 1910 ; Safford, Smithson.
Rept. 1916: 409. 1917) ; nevertheless the origin of the species remains
obscure cf. Harms, Pflanzenreich IV. 275, pt. 2: 206-208. 1924,
who has brought together a remarkable fund of data on the gourd
in all its phases.
Besides the usual use in Peru of gourds for vessels of all sorts, I
found a small variety commonly carried by coca chewers to con-
tain the supplementary lime. Such gourds have been found with
322 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Peruvian mummies (Safford), and one of the modern examples
brought back by a Field Museum expedition is to be seen at that
institution. A large gourd seemed regularly to serve, from the coast
to the interior, as the container for the popular beverage chicha.
Besides the gourd, the well known cultivated members of the
family, such as Cucurbita moschata Duch., squash, and C. Pepo L.,
the "zapallo" or "pasin huara" (Tessmann) and "calabazas" one
of these may be the "calabaza vinatera" of Ruiz and Pavon, "which
has a very good taste cooked"; Cucumis Melo L., "melon," and C.
sativus L., cucumber, are, in my experience, not generally known or
appreciated. Herrera found the squash adventive in the Valle del
Urubamba, Tessmann the zapallo in Loreto. Spruce, it may be
remarked, noted the native names "boga-boga" and "caiwa" for
two Amazonian species not yet placed.
The following compilation, as the references indicate, is largely
copied from the works of Cogniaux and Harms. It is with pleasure
that I acknowledge the latter's willingness to prepare an account
of the family for this work, and I regret that his duties as editor of
Pflanzenfamilien finally did not permit him to do so. Other con-
tributions to the part being ready, I had to attempt it myself, but,
as a matter of fact, keys had been tentatively made for the
collections in Dahlem, thanks to Professor Harms, who named all
my own material and gave me access to all of that in his care. These
facts are mentioned to explain any new interpretations.
As the genera are at best difficult to distinguish, three keys to
them have been provided: one, completely artificial, leads, with a
little experience, to most, at least, of the Peruvian species; another
is according to Engler; and a third is an adaptation of that with
Cogniaux's, for it has seemed to me that to regard the nature of
the anthers, in view of their variation, as indicating the natural
division of the family may not be correct, and one more nearly
approaches, at least as regards the Peruvian groups, a lineal arrange-
ment that appears natural by employing the position of the ovules
as basic.
The student should be cautioned that filaments when short
sometimes are not readily obvious; also, that occasionally stamens
may be lightly coalescent in an early stage when really "free." In
general, for simplicity, I have followed the earlier use of the term
"calyx" (with sepals) to designate the receptacle, which term even
modern authors have not always employed consistently.
FLORA OF PERU 323
Artificial key
Flowers always minute or small and all or at least part of them
paniculate.
Stamens 5.
Flowers monoecious, the pistillate solitary in the axils with
the staminate 17. Cydanthera.
Flowers dioecious, all paniculate.
Leaves 3-5-foliolate or simple and subentire.2. Siolmatra.
Leaves angulately or palmately lobed 1. Fevillea.
Stamens 3.
Flowers rotate; stamens sessile or subsessile; leaves, if palmately
lobed, shallowly so.
Filaments connate.
Leaves palmately angled or lobed 18. Echinocystis.
Leaves entire 5. Pseudosicydium.
Filaments free (anthers sometimes connate in a ring); leaves
ovate, entire or angled-deltoid.
Leaves usually cordate; flowers all paniculate, dioecious.
3. Sicydium.
Leaves not at all cordate; pistillate flowers geminate.
4. Pteropepon.
Flowers more or less campanulate; filaments linear; leaves
usually deeply palmate-lobed 19. Cayaponia.
Flowers often large, sometimes small or minute but not paniculate,
often racemose or corymbose at the summit of a peduncle,
sometimes solitary.
Flowers more or less elongate-cylindric or ventricose, rarely sub-
campanulate; anthers sessile, dorsifixed or the filaments con-
nate in Elaterium; staminate flowers typically racemose or
spicate at ends of long peduncles.
Filaments wanting.
Style not ringed at the base; stamens 2.
Anther cells not flexuose; usually scandent herbs, glabrous
to pilose 7. Anguria.
Anther cells flexuose; a densely villous liana.
8. Dieudonnaea.
Style ringed or cupped at the base; stamens 3.
9. Apodanthera.
324 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Filaments connate; flowers linear, with narrow, spreading lobes,
suggesting Apocynaceae 16. Elaterium.
Flowers campanulate or broadly cupulate; anthers not sessile,
the filaments sometimes connate; staminate flowers some-
times racemose but usually not long-peduncled.
Calyx tube not inflated.
Leaves deeply divided except in Luff a.
Corolla 5-lobed, the broad calyx lobes refracted . 11. Sicana.
Corolla deeply 5-parted or with free petals.
Flowers large; anthers free or at first coherent; seeds
many, horizontal.
Staminate flowers solitary (in the Peruvian species).
Stamens inserted at the throat; leaf lobes not lobed.
15. Momordica.
Stamens inserted in the tube; leaf lobes lobed.
13. Citrullus.
Staminate flowers racemose 14. Luiffa.
Flowers medium-sized; anthers coherent; seeds erect.
19. Cayaponia.
Leaves entire to more or less lobed (cf. Luffa with larger
flowers) ; flowers small to minute.
Staminate flowers solitary or fasciculate; seeds erect;
leaves entire or nearly so 20. Selysia.
Staminate flowers often racemose or corymbose; leaves
most often lobed; seeds various.
Filaments free, sometimes short.
Leaves entire or more or less lobed; seeds horizontal.
10. Melothria.
Leaves palmately lobed; seeds erect 19. Cayaponia.
Filaments connate or the anthers connate or annulate,
sometimes solitary.
Leaves various; anthers annulate, capitately connate
or solitary; seeds ascending 17. Cyclanthera.
Leaves angulate-lobed; filaments connate, the anthers
often free.
Flowers sordid or greenish; fruit coriaceous; seeds
pendulous 6. Sicyos.
FLORA OF PERU 325
Flowers white; fruit dry or baccate; seeds ascending.
18. Echinocystis.
Calyx tube inflated; flowers all solitary; seeds horizontal.
12. Calycophysum.
Technical key based on Engler's tribal key
A. Anther cells .not horizontally annulate.
B. Stamens free or connate toward the base.
Stamens 5, rarely 4 (cf. Luffd).
Ovary 6-3-celled; fruit indehiscent; staminate sepals 5;
leaves angulately or palmately lobed 1. Fevillea.
Ovary imperfectly 3-celled; fruit apically dehiscent; stamin-
ate sepals 3-5: leaves 3-5-foliolate or entire. 2. Siolmatra.
Stamens 3, rarely 2.
Anther cells straight or slightly curved.
Seeds horizontal.
Style inserted in a cup or ring.
Calyx (receptacle) often nearly cylindric; anthers
sessile, dorsifixed 9. Apodanthera.
Calyx campanulate; anthers basifixed. . .10. Melothria.
Style without a disk at the base or this obscure.
7. Anguria.
Seeds erect; leaves entire or 3-lobed 20. Selysia.
Seeds pendulous.
Flowers dioecious, all paniculate; anthers not sessile;
fruit globose 3. Sicydium.
Flowers monoecious, the pistillate geminate; anthers
sessile; fruit compressed, margined. . .4. Pteropepon.
Anther cells contorted, conduplicate-triplicate.
Calyx inflated, the lobed corolla included or nearly so.
12. Calycophysum.
Calyx not definitely inflated.
Stamens 3 (-5); herbs.
Anther cells longitudinally triplicate; ovules ascending.
19. Cayaponia.
Anther cells flexuous; ovules horizontal.
Corolla 5-lobed, the broad calyx lobes refracted.
11. Sicana.
326 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Corolla deeply 5-parted or with free petals.
Staminate flowers solitary (in Peruvian species).
Stamens inserted at the throat. 15. Momordica.
Stamens inserted in the tube... 13. Cilrullus.
Staminate flowers racemose 14. Luffa.
Stamens 2; a densely villous liana 8. Dieudonnaea.
B. Stamens connate (cf. Pteropepon).
Flowers monoecious; leaves angulate or lobed 6. Sicyos.
Flowers dioecious; leaves entire 5. Pseudosicydium.
A. Anther cells more or less horizontally annulate.
Fruit oblique, gibbous.
Calyx (receptacle) cylindric 16. Elaterium.
Calyx cup-like or shallower 16. Cyclanthera.
Fruit not gibbous; calyx campanulate or shallow. 8. Echinocystis.
Technical key based on ovules and stamens
A. Ovules pendulous.
Filaments free or wanting.
Anthers not sessile.
Stamens 5.
Ovary 6-3-celled 1. Fevillea.
Ovary imperfectly 3-celled 2. Siolmatra.
Stamens 3 3. Sicydium.
Anthers sessile, connate in a ring 4. Pteropepon.
Filaments connate.
Flowers monoecious; anthers capitulate 6. Sicyos.
Flowers dioecious; anthers spreading 5. Pseudosicydium.
A. Ovules horizontal; filaments free or wanting.
Anther cells straight or slightly curved.
Anthers sessile.
Style inserted in a cup or disk 9. Apodanthera.
Style not annulate at the base or indistinctly so. .7. Anguria.
Anthers not sessile, the filaments sometimes short . 10. Melothria.
Anther cells flexuose.
Calyx inflated 12. Calycophysum.
Calyx not inflated.
FLORA OF PERU 327
Anthers sessile 8. Dieudonnaea.
Anthers not sessile but the filaments often short.
Stamens inserted in the tube.
Corolla 5-lobed; calyx lobes broad 11. Sicana.
Corolla 5-parted; calyx lobes narrow.
Staminate flowers solitary 13. Citrullus.
Staminate flowers racemose 14. Luffa.
Stamens inserted in the throat 15. M&mordica.
A. Ovules ascending or erect or, if rarely horizontal, the filaments
connate.
Filaments connate, the 3 anthers horizontal, not annulate.
5. Pseudosicydium.
Filaments or anthers connate, the cells flexuous or annulate.
Fruit oblique, gibbous.
Calyx (receptacle) cylindric 16. Elaterium.
Calyx cup-like or shallower 17. Cyclanthera.
Fruit not gibbous 18. Echinocystis.
Filaments free.
Anther cells longitudinally triplicate 19. Cayaponia.
Anther cells not triplicate, straight 20. Selysia.
1. FEVILLEA L.
Reference: Cogniaux, Pflanzenreich IV. 275, pt. 1: 4-9. 1916.
Lianas with thin, angulately or palmately lobed leaves and
small, dioecious flowers all borne in panicles. Flower parts 5, the
petals and sepals spreading. Filaments recurving; anthers 1-celled,
straight. Pistillate flowers with or without staminodia. Styles 3;
ovary perfectly 3-celled; ovules pendulous. Fruit indehiscent;
seeds roundish, compressed. The name, often written Feuillea, is
in memory of Ludovic Feuille'e, born in 1660, important early con-
tributor to knowledge of the flora of Peru and Chile.
Fevillea cordifolia L. Sp. PI. 1013. 1753; 7.
A woody vine with smooth, glabrous, often reddish branches
and glabrous, coriaceous, subrotund or ovate leaves; petioles 3-7
cm. long; leaves without basal glands, somewhat cordate, entire or
more or less angulate, 10-15 cm. long, about 10 cm. wide, rather
ash-colored beneath; tendrils elongate, bifid; inflorescence narrow
or much branched, with the peduncle 2-several dm. long, shortly
328 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
villous-puberulent or glabrate; pedicels filiform, 2-6 mm. long;
flowers to nearly 4 mm. wide; calyx glabrous, the ovate lobes 2 mm.
long, the broader, yellowish or flesh-red (Klug) petals twice as long;
fruit globose, papillose, 10-12 cm. thick. Var. hederacea (Poir.)
Cogn. has very coriaceous, most often deeply three-lobed leaves.
Neg. 8969. Bolivian species to be expected in southern Peru are
F. pergamentacea (Karst.) Cogn. (Neg. 8971) and F. Harmsii (Kuntze)
Schum. (Neg. 8970) ; both are biglandular at the truncate or scarcely
emarginate leaf base, the leaves of the former often 3-lobed, acu-
minate, of the latter entire or obscurely lobed. The petals of F.
cordifolia bear medially within a prominent, scythe-shaped flange
or crest. Illustrated, Baillon, Hist. PI. 8: 378.
San Martin: Juanjui, 400 meters, in forest, flowers cream and
rose, Klug 3825. Tarapoto, Spruce 4031 . Juan Guerra, near Tarapoto,
Ule 6549, the var. Pongode Cainarachi, Klug 2749 (det. Baehni).
Huanuco : Chinchao, Poeppig 1 409. Cochero, Poeppig 1 409. Tocache,
Poeppig 2018. Rio Acre: Ule 9875; Krukoff 5699, 5610,Loreto:
Santa Rosa, 135 meters, Killip & Smith 28990; corolla greenish
white; filaments yellow. Balsapuerto, 220 meters, Klug 3090. Above
Iquitos, Tessmann 4544- Balsapuerto, Klug 3090 (det. Standley).
Middle Rio Blanco, Tessmann 3023 (det. Harms). Aguayate,
Tessmann 3158 (det. Harms). Patria, Tessmann 4944 (det. Harms).
North to Venezuela, West Indies, and Central America.
2. SIOLMATRA Baill.
Reference: Cogniaux, Pflanzenreich IV. 275, pt. 1: 28-31. 1916.
Similar to Fevillea, but the ovary imperfectly 3-celled, the 1-
celled fruit dehiscent apically, the seeds winged. Sepals of the
staminate flowers often only 3. Probably not distinct from Zanonia
L., the type of a group of genera needing realignment.
Leaves simple S. simplicifolia.
Leaves compound.
Leaves 5-f oliolate S. pentaphylla.
Leaves 3-foliolate.
Petioles glabrous, unappendaged S. brasiliensis.
Petioles auriculate-glandular, appendaged.
Appendages near the apex of the petiole S. peruviana.
Appendages at or below the middle of the petiole.
S. amazonica.
Siolmatra amazonica Cogn. Pflanzenreich IV. 275, pt. 1: 30.
1916.
FLORA OF PERU 329
Distinguishable from S. peruviana chiefly by the lower position
of the petiole auricles, wider distribution of the pubescence, the
stems and leaf nerves being puberulent and, according to Harms,
with 5 sepals, these glabrate, instead of the usual 3. Tessmann
3180 with pubescent inflorescence was determined by Harms as
"aff." Illustrated, op. cit. 31. Neg. 8960.
Loreto: Mouth of Rio Santiago, Tessmann 4305, 4273 (both
det. Harms). On Rio Ucayali, Tessmann 3180. Leticia, in forest,
Williams 3036. Puerto Arturo, 200 meters, edge of forest, Williams
5187. San Martin: Juanjui, 400-800 meters, in clearing, King
4187; flowers whitish green; also No. 3781, 400 meters; flowers
yellow-green. Brazil. "Tabilla."
Siolmatra brasiliensis (Cogn.) Baill. Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris
1: 458. 1885; 29. Alsomitra brasiliensis Cogn. in Mart. Fl. Bras.
6, pt. 4: 115. 1878.
Glabrous or nearly so or, in var. pubescens Griseb., the leaves
rather densely puberulent beneath; petioles stout, to 10 cm. long,
the petiolule of the middle leaflet to 1.5 cm. long, those of the lateral
ones 5-6 mm. long; leaflets oblong-ovate, acuminate, to 12 cm. long,
5-7 cm. wide; staminate panicle lax, the peduncle to 20 cm.
long, the pedicels 1-4 mm. long; sepals triangular, acute, to 3 mm. long
or equaling the slightly bilobed petals; ovary 5-6 mm. long, the
style to 1.5 mm. long. In some parts of its range known as "sacha
guasca," and used for fastening roof stringers or beams.
Loreto: Caballo-cocha, in forest, Williams 2453. Florida, 200
meters, in forest, Klug 2033; a vine with white flowers. Mouth of
Rio Santiago, Tessmann 4527 (det. Harms). Rio Acre: Seringal
San Francisco, Ule 9379 (det. Cogn.). Argentina; Brazil; Paraguay.
Siolmatra Mexiae Standl., sp. nov.
Herbacea scandens, caulibus gracilibus striatis densiuscule puber-
ulis vel breviter pilosulis vel glabratis; folia magna papyracea longi-
petiolata simplicia, petiolo 5-11 cm. longo eglanduloso gracili
pilosulo vel fere glabro; lamina late rotundato-ovata 16-20 cm. longa
14-16.5 cm. lata abrupte breviter acuminata vel interdum fere
cuspidato-acuminata, basi profunde (ad 4 cm.) cordata, sinu aperto
lato vel angusto, rare in foliis minoribus basi subcordata, lobis
posticis late rotundatis, fere integra sed utroque latere dentibus
glandulosis 2-3 instructa, supra in sicco viridis vel fuscescens opaca
dense pallido-puncticulata, glabra vel sparse minute pilosula, nervis
venisque prominulis, subtus concolor sparse praesertim ad nervos
330 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
pilosula vel fere glabra, basi 5-nervia, nervis venisque prominulis
laxe reticulatis; flores masculi parvi rubescentes vel brunnescentes
racemosi, racemis paniculam longam angustam interdum spici-
formem pedunculatam usque 30 cm. longam efformantibus dense
multifloris, pedicellis inaequalibus usque 6 mm. longis dense viscido-
pilosulis vel puberulis, alabastris globosis; calyx ca. 1.5 mm. longus
fere ad basin lobatus, lobis ovalibus apice obtusis vel rotundatis
extus dense puberulis; corolla 2-2.5 mm. longa subrotata vel late
campanulata extus glabra, lobis apice late rotundatis; stamina 5.
Loreto: Above Rancho Indiana, on overflowed bank, left bank
of Rio Maranon, Distrito de Iquitos, 110 meters, January, 1932,
Ynes Mexia 6406 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Rio Putumayo, on
the Colombian border, in forest, Klug 1652. San Martin: Pongo
de Cainarachi, 230 meters, in forest, Klug 2749.
Close to S. simplicifolia Harms, which has much broader panicles
and large glands on the petioles.
Siolmatra pentaphylla Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9:
989. 1926.
Glabrous, with 5-foliolate leaves on petioles 6-7 cm. long, these
thickened at the tip but lacking glands; leaflets nearly equal, mostly
oblongish, narrowed to the short petiolule, acuminate or caudate,
entire, papery, to 10 cm. long, 3.5-5 cm. wide; staminate panicle
ample, much branched, the rachis 10-30 cm. long; flowers about
3 mm. broad; sepals 2 (or 3?), 2 mm. long, the bilobed or erose
petals a third longer; stamens 5, short. Differs from S. pedatifolia
Cogn., Pflanzenreich IV. 275, pt. 1: 30, by the lack of petiole ap-
pendages or glands and by the entire leaflets on shorter (3-5 mm.
long) petiolules, this Cogniaux species of the Amazon region having
appendaged petioles, and crenate leaflets on petiolules 8-12 mm.
long. A liana 20 meters long with light green flowers, the petals
darker at the base (Tessmann). Neg. 8963.
Loreto: Mouth of Rio Santiago in flood-free, high woods, Tess-
mann 4575, type.
Siolmatra peruviana (Huber) Cogn. Pflanzenreich IV. 275,
pt. 1: 30. 1916. Alsomitra peruviana Huber, Bol. Mus. Goeldi 4:
616. 1906.
A vine with slender but deeply sulcate, glabrous stems, tri-
foliolate, glabrous leaves, and ample, yellowish-puberulent panicles;
petioles 3 cm. long, auricled below the apex, the petiolule of the
middle leaflet 7 mm., of the lateral leaflets 5 mm. long; leaflets thin,
FLORA OF PERU 331
somewhat crenate above the middle, densely reticulate- veined, the
middle one ovate or elliptic, the lateral ones obliquely ovate; pedicels
1 mm. long; calyx tomentulose, the segments triangular, scarious-
margined. S. pedatifolia Cogn. of the Amazon region has 5-foliolate
leaves, the petioles apically auricled with bilobed glands.
Loreto: Canchahuayo, on Rio Ucayali (Huber 1390, type; photo,
in Herb. Field Mus.).
Siolmatra simplicifolia Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 11:
769. 1933.
Stems glabrous or nearly so, striately sulcate; petioles 4-5 cm.
long, bearing inflexed auricles at about the middle or a little below
the apex; leaves simple, ovate, cuneately narrowed to the margined
petiole, apically mucronate or abruptly short-acuminate, sometimes
slightly trilobed basally and laterally, 5-nerved, glabrous and some-
what lustrous above, rather densely short-pubescent on the nerves
beneath or glabrate, 12-13 cm. long, 9.5-11 cm. broad; panicle
ample, much branched, minutely puberulent; pedicels capillary,
short; sepals and petals 5, the former broadly ovate, the latter
slightly longer and rounded; corolla when spread 3 mm. wide or
more; stamen connective very shortly apiculate. Similar in flowers
to S. amazonica Cogn. with trifoliolate leaves, a species also with
5 instead of the usual 3 sepals.
Loreto: Yurimaguas, Puerto Arturo, Williams 5072, type.
Florida, 180 meters, in forest, King 2198. Balsapuerto, 220 meters,
in old clearing, Klug 2896; flowers white. San Martin: Pongo de
Cainarachi, 230 meters, in forest, Klug 2678, 2755. Without
locality, Ruiz & Pav6n(l), as "Strychnos auriculata." "Maru-
cha-o" (Huitoto name, fide Klug).
3. SICYDIUM Schlecht.
Reference: Cogniaux, Pflanzenreich IV. 275, pt. 1: 256-259. 1916.
Herbaceous, dioecious vines, all the flowers panicled, rotate,
with 5 sepals and 5 corolla lobes. Stamens 3, free, the filaments
often very short, 2 anthers 2-celled, straight. Staminodia of the
pistillate flowers often antheriferous. Ovary 1-celled; styles 3.
Ovule 1, pendulous, the globose, fleshy fruit indehiscent.
Leaves mostly narrower than 5 cm.; corolla lobes ovate-triangular.
S. gracile.
Leaves mostly broader; corolla lobes narrower.
332 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Leaves more or less densely pubescent; filaments very short.
S. tamnifolium.
Leaves glabrous; filaments longer than the anthers. .S. diffusum.
Sicydium diffusum Cogn. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 4: 112.
1878; 259.
Apparently glabrous except for the pubescent pedicels and sepals,
the branching stems and petioles sulcate, the latter 2-3 cm. long;
leaves cordate-ovate, the basal lobes divergent, the rounded sinus
to 1.5 cm. deep, 1.5-2 cm. wide, pedately 5-nerved, 6-9 cm. long,
4-6 cm. wide, shortly acuminate; staminate panicle diffuse, the
branches widely divaricate, sometimes with small leaves, 20-30 cm.
long; sepals subulate, 1 mm. long; corolla lobes lanceolate, to 2 mm.
long; filaments 1-1.5 mm. long; anthers (2-celled) 0.3 mm. long.
Neg. 27164. The leaves are most minutely puberulent on both
sides, the trichomes scarcely discernible.
Rio Acre: Seringal San Francisco and Seringal Auristella, Ule
9874, 987 J^b. Loreto: Mishuyacu, 100 meters, in forest, King 1105;
flowers yellow-green. San Ramon, 200 meters, in forest, Williams
4558. Florida, 200 meters, in forest, Klug 1984. San Martin:
Chazuta, 260 meters, in forest, Klug 4000; flowers cream and green.
Brazil. "Habilla."
Sicydium gracile Cogn. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 4: 113. pi. 36.
1878; 257.
Filiform tendrils and very slender branches glabrous; petioles
pubescent, to 2 cm. long; leaves ovate, acute, pedately 5-nerved,
the basal lobes approximate, the rounded sinus 1-1.5 cm. deep,
5-7 mm. broad, more or less scabrous especially above, 6-8 cm.
long, 3.5-5 cm. wide; staminate panicles dense, leafless or the leaves
small, 3-7 cm. long, the numerous branches and filiform pedicels
pubescent, the pedicels 2 mm. long; sepals triangular-lanceolate,
the corolla lobes twice to thrice longer, 1-1.5 mm. long; anthers a
third longer than the filaments, these about 0.2 mm. long. The
plant simulates Dioscorea. Neg. 9022.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, flowers bright yellow, Klug 960 (det. Harms,
"aff.")- Mouth of Rio Santiago, Tessmann 4264 (det. Harms).
Brazil.
Sicydium tamnifolium (HBK.) Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan.
3: 905. 1881; 257. Fevillea tamnifolia HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7:
175. pi. 640. 1825.
FLORA OF PERU 333
A slender liana, well marked by its soft pubescence, this nearly
tomentose on the leaves beneath; petioles to 5 cm. long; leaves
rarely angulate-lobed, pedately 5-7-nerved, about 10 cm. long, 5-8
cm. wide, the basal sinus subrectangular, usually about 1 cm. broad
and nearly twice as deep; panicle branches divaricate; corolla and
sepals villous, the former greenish white; anthers subsessile; fruit
black, pilose, about 5 mm. thick. Var. grandifolium Cogn. of
Bolivia has leaves half again larger, the staminate inflorescence to
30 cm. long. Illustrated, Pflanzenreich, IV. 275, pt. 1 : 258. Neg. 9023.
Loreto: Soledad, Tessmann 5159 (det. Harms). Rio Acre: Ule
9871 (det. Cogniaux). Bolivia to West Indies, Mexico, and
Venezuela.
4. PTEROPEPON Cogn.
Herbaceous, glabrous or glabrate vines with subdeltoid, entire
or 3-cornered or rarely somewhat lobed leaves, the staminate flowers
paniculate. Anthers sessile or subsessile. Pistillate flowers gemi-
nate. Fruit large, strongly flattened, fibrous, winged, the solitary
seed pendulous.
Pteropepon deltoideus Cogn. Pflanzenreich IV. 275, pt. 1:
260. 1916. Fevillea deltoidea Cogn. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 4: 119.
1878; 260.
Leaves thin, broadly subdeltoid, or the Peruvian plant with
some 3-lobed leaves, the outer lobes also slightly lobed, typically
8-13 cm. long, 9-15 cm. wide, always broader than long, about
equaled by the panicles of glabrous flowers, their lobes ovate;
anthers connate in a ring; fruit not costate, about 7 cm. long and
nearly as broad. On the basis of the presence of some lobed leaves,
Harms questions his determination in the absence of fruit. The
other known species, P. monospermus (Veil.) Cogn., of southern
Brazil, has leaves longer than broad, a papillose corolla with narrowly
lanceolate lobes, and costate fruits. The Peruvian plant, on geo-
graphic grounds, may in any case conveniently be named:
P. deltoideus var. peruvianus Harms, var. nov. Foliis integris,
subtrilobatis vel trilobatis, lobis lateralibus plus minusve lobatis.
Illustrated, Pflanzenreich, IV. 275, pt. 1: 261 (the typical form).
San Martin: Alto Rio Huallaga, Williams 6639 (type of the
var., Herb. Field Mus.; det. Harms). Brazil.
5. PSEUDOSICYDIUM Harms
A simple-leaved vine with ample panicles of minute, dioecious
flowers. Calyx cupulate-patelliform, 4 of the sepals deltoid, 1 lanceo-
334 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
late. Petals 5, subequal. Filaments connate, the 3 anthers borne
horizontally at the top of the short column, forming an equilateral
triangle. With the aspect of Sicydium, but with the stamen struc-
ture of Cyclantheropsis Harms of Africa. That genus has only 2
anthers. The only species known is the following.
Pseudosicydium acariaeanthum Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart.
Berlin 10: 183. 1927.
Glabrous or essentially so except the minutely puberulent, sulcate-
striate stems and panicles; petioles 4-5 cm. long; leaf blades ovate
or oblong-ovate, slightly cordate or rounded at the base, short-
cuspidate at the apex, papery, minutely white-puncticulate, 3-5-
nerved from the base, 10-12 cm. long, 4-5 cm. wide; panicle greatly
elongate, the rachis at least 20-30 cm. long, with some reduced,
oblong leaves at the base; pedicels 1.5-2.5 mm. long; flowers green,
to 3 mm. broad. Neg. 9020.
Loreto: Marshy woods, Yarina-cocha, 155 meters, Tessmann
5417, type.
6. SICYOS L.
Reference: Cogniaux in DC. Monogr. Phan. 3: 869-899. 1881.
Thin-leaved, annual vines with monoecious flowers, the staminate
racemose or subcorymbose, the pistillate often borne with them,
clustered at the top of the peduncle or rarely solitary. Sepals and
petals exceptionally 4. Filaments connate, the 3 (2-5) anthers
sessile at its summit and connate or free, more or less flexuous to
nearly straight. Staminodia none. Otherwise similar to Sicydium.
Key based largely on foliage
Leaves 3-lobed, the middle lobe caudate-acuminate; sepals 4.
S. urolobus.
Leaves, if somewhat lobed, not caudate-tipped; sepals 5.
Leaf sinus definitely V-shaped; fruits about 1.5 cm. long.
S. acariaeanthus.
Leaf sinus not at all or not strikingly V-shaped; fruits rarely 1 cm.
long.
Leaf sinus more or less angled or rounded; fruits smooth or
more or less setose.
Petioles to 1 cm. long; fruits smooth or villous.
Leaf sinus narrow; flowers few; fruits glabrous. . .S. laevis.
Leaf sinus open; flowers usually many; fruits villous at
first S. gracillimus.
FLORA OF PERU 335
Petioles much longer; fruits more or less setose.
Sepals minute or small.
Staminate racemes simple.
Tendrils simple S. trigeminus.
Tendrils trifid.
Leaves villous, becoming merely scabrous; staminate
racemes and petioles subequal S. Baderoa.
Leaves short-hirsutulous beneath; staminate racemes
about as long as the leaves S. Kunthii.
Staminate racemes compound S. montanus.
Sepals 4-5 mm. long S. Weberbaueri.
Leaf sinus definitely truncate on either side of the petiole;
fruits conspicuously setose.
Leaves angled or shortly 3-5-lobed, sparsely puberulent or
glabrous S. chaetocephalus.
Leaves somewhat 5-7-lobed, densely puberulent, finally
scabrous S. malvifolius.
Key based largely on fruits
Fruits smooth, glabrous or tuberculate, not setulose.
Fruits glabrous S. laevis.
Fruits tuberculate or more or less villous S. Baderoa.
Fruits more or less setose, or rarely some of them smooth in age.
Setae numerous, the head of fruits thus prickly-setose.
Fruits acute, 8-10 mm. long S. chaetocephalus.
Fruits obtuse, 6 mm. long S. malvifolius.
Setae few or scattered.
Fruits with numerous setae (6-15) ; leaves densely pubescent.
S. Kunthii.
Fruits with usually only 2-8 setae; leaves puberulent beneath
or becoming merely scabrous or glabrate.
Sepals 4-4.5 mm. long S. Weberbaueri.
Sepals minute.
Leaves with a V-shaped basal sinus; fruits 1.5 cm. long.
S. acariaeanthus.
Leaves cordate; fruits to 1 cm. long or rarely longer.
Leaves 3-lobed, the middle lobe long-caudate. S. urolobus.
336 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Leaves, if at all lobed, not caudate- tipped.
Staminate racemes short, about as long as the petioles.
S. Baderoa.
Staminate racemes elongate, often about as long as the
leaves.
Staminate racemes compound S. montanus.
Staminate racemes simple S. trigeminus.
Sicyos acariaeanthus Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 19: 172. 1923.
Glabrous or nearly so except the subsetulose petioles 0.5-3 cm.
long, the puberulent leaves, especially beneath, and the sparsely
puberulent fruits; leaves suborbicular, V-cordate at the base,
angulately 3-5-lobed or shortly 3-lobed, denticulate or subentire,
3-8 cm. broad; tendrils trifid; staminate peduncles many-flowered
above, 2-7 cm. long, the capillary pedicels 4-7 mm. long; flowers
white, 1.5 mm. broad, the sepals setaceous, the deltoid or lance-
ovate petals lightly papillose within; anther cells suberect; pistillate
peduncle 2-4 cm. long, bearing apically 2-3 (or 1) flowers; fruit
rostrate, to 1.5 cm. long, with 4-8 or more setae. The name refers
to the presence of perfect flowers; in this character as well as in its
more numerous pistillate flowers and setae on .the fruit the species
differs from S. fusiformis Cogn., of southern Brazil. Neg. 9056.
Piura: In evergreen bush below Frias, Prov. Ayavaca, 1,300
meters, Weberbauer 6420, type.
Sicyos Baderoa Hook. & Arn. in Hook. Bot. Misc. 3: 324. 1833;
884. S. bryoniaefolius Moris, Mem. Accad. Torino 37: 106. pi. 6.
1834.
Sparsely villous-hirsute, including the corolla, the angulate stems
glabrous except at the nodes; petioles 2-10 cm. long; leaf blades
deeply cordate, angled or slightly 3-5-lobed, entire or minutely den-
ticulate, finally merely scabrous beneath, mostly 5-10 cm. long and
broad or larger; tendrils trifid; staminate racemes 3-5 cm. long,
the 3-8 flowers capitately crowded, on pedicels 1-3 mm. long;
calyx tube to 3 mm. broad; corolla lobes papillose and with a few
long hairs, about 2 mm. broad; pistillate peduncles filiform, usually
less than 1 cm. long, fruit ovoid, acute, sparsely villous and aculeate,
becoming glabrous and tuberculate, 6 mm. long. Harms has given
publication of the name of Moris as by Cogniaux, op. cit., but it
was mentioned by Moris in a seed list in 1831 and effectively
published by him in 1834. Apparently his name, virtually a her-
FLORA OF PERU 337
barium name of Bertero, is antedated by that of Hooker and Arnott,
op. cit., not 234 as given by Cogniaux. The flowers are greenish
white (Weberbauer). The seeds are employed as a popular purgative
in native medicine, and the plants are burned for the ash used as
fertilizer in agriculture (Herrera).
Lima: Chicla, 3,720 meters, Weberbauer 257; 169 (det. Cogniaux);
Ball. Near Lima, Wawra 2539; Isern 2517. Rio Blanco, 3,000-
3,500 meters, Killip & Smith 21592. Callao, Gaudichaud; (Gay).
Cajamarca: Casas, Raimondi (det. Harms). Ancash: Raimondi
(det. Harms). Arequipa: Posco and Cachendo (Guenther &Buchtien
61, 61a; det. Bruns). Atequipa, Raimondi (det. Harms). Moque-
hua: Torata, Weberbauer 7392. Carumas, Weberbauer 7350.
Cuzco: Herrera 217 (det. Harms). Chile; Ecuador. "Barredera."
Sicyos chaetocephalus Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 19: 172. 1923.
Sulcate-striate stems and elongate petioles more or less long-
pilose, the latter to 6 cm. long or longer; leaves broadly cordate,
shortly 3-5-lobed or angulately lobed, obscurely denticulate, sparsely
puberulent or subglabrous, 9-15 cm. broad; tendrils 3-5-parted;
staminate peduncles 5-9 cm. long, short-pilose or puberulent, many-
flowered, the slender pedicels puberulent, 9-13 mm. long; flowers
6-7 mm. broad, greenish, both receptacle and corolla puberulent,
the deltoid lobes of the latter to 2.5 mm. long; pistillate peduncle in
each axil with the staminate, to 1.5 cm. long, the somewhat setulose
flowers densely capitate, the fruiting head (with setae) 3-4 cm. thick;
fruits subsessile, acute, short-setulose, 8-10 mm. long. Separated
by the author from S. longisetosus Cogn. op. cit. 882, from Guayaquil,
with shortly and densely villous leaves and 60-80-flowered pistillate
heads that in fruit become 4-6 cm. thick, the setae 12-16 mm. long.
Piura: Between Chulucanas and Morropon, 150 meters, in
algarrobo hedge, Weberbauer 5971, type.
Sicyos gracillimus Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 3: 886. 1881.
A delicate vine with nearly glabrous, entire, slightly angled
leaves; petioles 4-8 mm. long, more or less villous like the simple
staminate racemes, these filiform, 5-7 cm. long, to about 25-flowered,
the spreading pedicels 1-2 mm. long; calyx glabrous, 2-2.5 mm.
broad; corolla greenish or white (Weberbauer), sparsely glandular,
to 1.5 mm. broad; stamen column slender, the anthers capitate;
pistillate peduncle 1 cm. long; fruit at first villous, becoming glabrate,
subacute, 4 mm. long, 2.5 mm. thick. The leaves may be obscurely
338 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
denticulate, sparsely hispidulous beneath, and rarely as large as
5 cm. wide and long. Neg. 31068.
Lima: Mt. Amancaes, on stony ground, Weberbauer 1590 (det.
Cogniaux); 143; 145; Wawra 2640, type. Hills of Lima, Isern 2514-
Chancai, Ruiz & Pavdn. San Geronimo, 150 meters, 5916; flowers
white. Matucana, 2,400 meters, along stream, 395. Huanuco:
Cochero, Ruiz & Pavdn.
Sicyos Kunthii Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 3: 888. 1881.
S. parviflorus HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 119. 1817, non Willd.
More or less pubescent or villous, especially the sulcate stems
at the nodes; petioles to about 10 cm. long; leaves broadly ovate,
acute or acuminate, the rather narrow sinus of the cordate base
1-2 cm. deep, the blade as long as the petiole, sometimes broader
than long, sparsely hirsute-puberulent above, densely so or villous
beneath; tendrils 2-3-parted; staminate peduncles 10-25 cm. long,
20-30-flowered, the subverticillate, spreading, filiform pedicels 7-12
mm. long; calyx tube villous only within, to 3 mm. broad; corolla
to 2 mm. broad, the lobes sparsely papillose; pistillate peduncle
in fruit to 4 cm. long; fruit black-spotted, acute, 8 mm. long, half
as broad, long-villous with as many as 15 rigid setae 3-4 mm. long.
Flowers yellowish green. S. subcorymbosus Cogn. of Bolivia, similar,
has greenish, subcorymbose flowers, leaves glabrous above but
white-punctate, tendrils 3-4-fid, and fruit either bearing 3-6 rigid
setae near the base or smooth. The type of S. Kunthii, from Chillo
near Quito, has been credited by Cogniaux to Peru.
Lima: Near Lima (Nation 180). Ecuador.
Sicyos laevis Gray, Bot. U. S. Expl. Exp. 1: 648. 1854.
Glabrous except the young leaves, these short-villous on both
sides, ovate, deeply cordate, cuspidate-acuminate, angulately dentate
or slightly 5-lobed, denticulate, in age sparsely rugulose and short-
papillose, 5-6 cm. long; tendrils trifid; petioles 5-7 mm. long; pistillate
peduncle scarcely equaling the leaves, the few flowers 4 mm. broad,
with filiform stamen column; pistillate peduncle 4-5 mm. long;
fruit acute, 5-7 mm. long (immature). S. subcorymbosus might be
sought here; cf. under S. Kunthii.
Lima: Obrajillo (Wilkes Exped., type).
Sicyos malvifolius Griseb. Abh. Ges. Wiss. Goett. 19: 147.
1874; 24: 136. 1879.
In many respects similar to S. chaetocephalus ; leaves slightly
5-7-lobed, at first shortly and densely villous on both sides, finally
FLORA OF PERU 339
scabrous; staminate peduncles 10-18 cm. long, the pedicels glandular-
pubemlent, 3-8 mm. long; calyx and corolla sparsely long-pilose;
fruits rugulose-tuberculate, 6 mm. long, the fragile setae 2-3 mm.
long. Neg. 9061.
Peru: Without locality (Gay). Huanuco: Ambo, 2,100 meters,
31 51 . Bolivia ; Argentina.
Sicyos montanus Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 53. pi.
172. 1838; 889.
Stems prostrate or climbing over shrubs, villous-puberulent like
the elongate petioles, 3-4-fid tendrils, leaves above, and peduncles;
leaves broadly ovate, deeply cordate at the base with a narrow sinus
to 3 cm. deep, short-acuminate, 5-angled or shallowly lobed, nearly
tomentulose-pubescent beneath, minutely and remotely denticulate,
10-15 cm. broad and long; staminate peduncles to 20 cm. long,
usually with 3-4 divaricate branches; pedicels filiform, about 1 cm.
long; calyx narrowly campanulate, the tube glabrous or sparsely
pilose, 2.5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad; fruit shortly tomentose, with
4-5 rigid setae. Similar to S. Kunthii, which has a broadly cam-
panulate calyx, the staminate racemes usually simple. Here might
be sought S. palmatilobus Cogn. of Guayaquil ; it has deeply 5-lobed
leaves and pistillate flowers geminate on an elongate peduncle, the
fruit to 2 cm. long, asperous with appressed setae. Also S. aculeatus
Fries, Ark. Bot. 6, No. 11: 5. pi. 2. 1907, of Bolivia, with calyx 1 mm.
long, 3 mm. wide, and fruit with 6-9 rigid bristles. Neg. 9062.
Huanuco: Chinchao, Poeppig 1698, type.
Sicyos trigeminus Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 3, No. 3: 38. 1893.
Much like S. Kunthii, but with simple tendrils, shorter, hispid-
ulous petioles, narrowly acuminate leaves with a broad, rounded
sinus, minutely hispid beneath, sparsely so with longer trichomes
above; flowers in distinct whorls of 3; fruits 3-capitate, when young
villous with a few yellowish prickles from obscure tubercles, abruptly
acuminate, 4 mm. long or longer. "Very near S. subcorymbosus"
(Cogn. in herb. Dahlem) ; cf . note under S. Kunthii. Name written
by its author "trigemina."
Piura: Right valley of Rio Quiroz, Prov. Ayavaca, 1,200 meters,
Weberbauer 6385 (det. Harms). Bolivia.
Sicyos urolobus Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 11:775. 1933.
Scandent, the tendrils 3-4-parted; stems and leaves above more
or less pilose; petioles villous-hirsute, 4-6 cm. long; leaf blades
340 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
ovate to suborbicular, obviously cordate, 3-lobed above the middle,
the lateral lobes strongly oblique and curved, often with a basal
lobule, the middle lobe caudate, with an acumen 2-3 cm. long,
mucronulate-denticulate, densely or velvety puberulent beneath,
8-15 cm. long; staminate peduncle 5-12 cm. long, becoming densely
hirsutulous toward the hirsute, often fasciculate pedicels, these
10-17 mm. long; flowers greenish, sparsely puberulent, all the parts
in 4's; sepals finely filiform, 2-2.5 mm. long; corolla papillose within,
with a spread of 5-6 mm.; pistillate peduncle 3-5 cm. long; fruits
bearing 2-4 setae. The author compares this species, to which the
younger leaves by their exceptional points give a unique appearance,
to several others, notably S. Kunthii Cogn. and S. montanus P. & E.,
both with different leaves; also to S. subcorymbosus Cogn. and S.
aculeatus Fries, Ark. Bot. 6, No. 11: 5, both of Bolivia and both,
too, with different leaves, the latter in addition with branched
instead of simple racemes. Apparently also allied and possibly
occurring in Peru is S. Andreanus Cogn., with punctate, asperous
leaves 5-lobed nearly to the base, the lance-linear lobes long-acumi-
nate; fruits with several short, reflexed, uncinate prickles.
Ayacucho: Choimacota Valley, 2,600 meters, open places in
woods, Weberbauer 7564, type. Huanuco: Huacachi, 1,950 meters,
4190; flowers green.
Sicyos Weberbaueri Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 19: 173. 1923.
Stems, peduncles, and petioles more or less pilose, the last
sometimes 12 cm. long; leaves deeply cordate, very shortly 3-5-
angulate-lobed, 7-13 cm. broad or larger, sparsely and minutely
puberulent above, densely so beneath; tendrils 4(-5?)-parted;
staminate peduncles 10 cm. long or longer, the many slender pedicels
10-12 mm. long or the apical ones greatly reduced; receptacle
glabrous, nearly 4-5 mm. broad; sepals lanceolate, acute, the margins
sparsely hirsute-fimbriate, 4-4.5 mm. long, slightly exceeding the
broader corolla lobes; pistillate peduncles 1-3.5 cm. long, the capitate
subsessile flowers many; ovary glabrous, the young fruit showing
4-6 setae 4-6 mm. long. Allied to S. longisepalus Cogn. of Guate-
mala, with 5-lobed leaves. Neg. 9065.
Lambayeque: Above Olmos, in river brush, 500 meters, Weber-
bauer 7094, type.
7. ANGURIA L.
Gurania (Schlecht.) Cogn. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 14: 239. 1875.
Guraniopsis Cogn. Bot. Jahrb. 42: 173. 1908.
Reference: Cogniaux, Pflanzenreich IV. 275, pt. 1: 178-230. 1916.
FLORA OF PERU 341
Lianas or herbaceous, perennial vines with simple or bifid tendrils,
entire, lobed, or 3-5-foliolate leaves, and small or conspicuous
flowers, these usually dioecious, the staminate variously borne,
most often racemosely, toward the summit of a long peduncle.
Calyx tube elongate, green, half green, or colored, the sepals, as in
other genera, developed to greater or less degree. Corolla about
rotate, the more or less spreading and broad petals longer than the
sepals (Sect. Euanguria Schlecht.) or rarely subequal, or erect or
suberect, relatively narrow, and much shorter than the sepals
(Sect. Gurania Schlecht.). Stamens 2, sessile, dorsifixed, free or
coherent. Anther cells straight, curved or replicate below, the
connective often produced. Pistillate flowers solitary or few.
Staminodia none or 2. Ovules many, horizontal. See also the
segregate Dieudonnaea. To avoid awkwardness in making new
combinations in incidental references, some species are listed as G.
(Gurania).
It seems obvious that the division of Anguria into three genera
is arbitrary. Recently described species show further the relative
development of the characters. It is interesting to note the vari-
ation in anther cells within this natural genus, a variation accepted
by Cogniaux himself. For simplicity the receptacle has been termed
here the calyx tube, following many writers. Generally colored in
the section Gurania, at least one species therein has the calyx tube
green in the lower half.
Leaves trifoliolate; rarely 5-foliolate (in A. bignoniacea exceptionally
unifoliolate.
Petals distinctly longer than the sepals.
Leaflets cuneate at the base; petals 1.5-2 cm. long.
A. bignoniacea.
Leaflets more or less rounded at the base; petals 3-4.5 cm. long.
A. grandiflora.
Petals shorter than the sepals or only 1-2 mm. longer.
Calyx viscid-pilose A. Tessmannii.
Calyx glabrous or lightly pubescent, at least not viscid-pilose.
Sepals spreading, 2-2.5 mm. long; leaves glabrous; anther
appendage filiform, papillose A. Balfoureana.
Sepals erect, often 3-4 mm. long; anther appendage not
filiform.
Leaflets lightly pubescent, at least beneath; anther append-
age faintly to densely papillose.
342 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Leaflets long-pilose on the upper surface G. Smithii.
Leaflets glabrous or short-villous on the upper surface.
Anthers 5 mm. long, the appendage scarcely papillose;
sepals 3-4 mm. long A. ucayalina.
Anthers 4 mm. long, the appendage papillose; sepals
2.5-3 mm. long A. cissoides.
Leaflets glabrous, as also the anther appendage; sepals
2 mm. long A. inaequalis.
Leaves more or less lobed, sometimes deeply, or entire.
A. Sepals narrow, 6-28 mm. long.
Leaves entire or repand-lobed (cf. also A. Guentherii).
Leaves caudate-acuminate; petioles 3-6 cm. long.
A. pyrrocephala.
Leaves short-acuminate; petioles 1-2 cm. long. .A. speciosa.
Leaves more or less deeply lobed, at least some of them.
Leaves all 5-7-lobed; plant abundantly lanate. . .A. lanata.
Leaves more or less deeply 3 (-5) -lobed.
Sepals 14-27 mm. long.
Leaves 3-lobed, the lateral lobes often spreading; sepals
not densely long-pilose.
Sepals 17-27 mm. long; petioles 1-2.5 cm. long.
A. pycnocephala.
Sepals 14-17 mm. long; petioles 5-9 cm. long.
Calyx tube 12-13 mm. long A. insolita.
Calyx tube about 5 mm. long A. pachypoda.
Leaves 3-5-lobed, the lateral lobes often not spreading;
sepals densely long-pilose A. eriantha.
Sepals 6-10 (-13) mm. long.
Sepals much longer than or subequaling the pedicels
and petals.
Stems densely reddish-pilose; anthers straight, 4 mm.
long, 1 mm. wide, the connective narrow.
A. rufipila.
Stems not densely pilose; anthers replicate (unless in
A. pachypodat), longer.
Calyx tube narrow, about cylindric, subequaling or
longer than the sepals.
FLORA OF PERU 343
Calyx tube to 2 cm. long; anthers 12 mm. long.
A. spinulosa.
Calyx tube to 1 cm. long; anthers 5-6 mm. long.
A. Weberbaueri.
Calyx tube subglobose or ovoid, exceeded by the
often ligulate sepals.
Inflorescence sessile or nearly so ... .G. apodantha.
Inflorescence long-pedunculate.
Pedicels 3-4 mm. long, thickish; calyx tube
puberulent A. pachypoda.
Pedicels 3-10 mm. long, slender; calyx tube
villous A. Ulei.
Sepals much shorter than the pedicels, subequaling the
petals.
Sepals subulate A. longipedicellata.
Sepals linear-oblong G. Killipii.
A. Sepals 2-4 (-5) mm. long.
Leaves not at all or very indistinctly cordate.
Leaves pubescent on both sides A. Mathewsii.
Leaves glabrous or essentially so.
Sepals 2-3 mm. long A. Boissieriana.
Sepals 4-5 mm. long A. Guentherii.
Leaves distinctly cordate.
Sepals 3 mm. long; pedicels obsolete A. capitata.
Sepals 5 mm. long; pedicels well developed. . . .A. pachypoda.
Gurania apodantha Standley, sp. nov.
Herbacea scandens, caule gracili sulcato subsparse breviter piloso,
internodiis elongatis; folia breviuscule petiolata coriaceo-membran-
acea, petiolo crasso ca. 4 cm. longo; lamina 13-15 cm. longa et
aequilata profunde triloba, basi subcordata et brevissime decurrens,
supra ad nervos dense breviter hispidulo-pilosa, aliter glabra vel
glabrata et dense albido-papillosa, subtus fere concolor sparse
breviter patenti-pilosa, basi trinervia, venis subtus prominulis laxe
reticulatis; inflorescentia mascula (1 tan turn visa) sessilis, densa,
floribus numerosissimis breviter racemosis, pedicellis gracilibus sed
in statu sicco non conspicuis ad 14 mm. longis pilis longis gracillimis
villosis; calyx ca. 15 mm. longus extus subdense pilis longissimis
albidis patentibus vestitus, tubo hemispherico 8 mm. lato et ultra,
344 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
lobis fere 1 cm. longis lanceolato-linearibus apicem angustum versus
sensim attenuatis.
Loreto: Iquitos, 100 meters, in forest, August, 1929, Killip &
Smith 27451 (type in U. S. Nat. Herb.; photo, in Herb. Field Mus.).
Calyx bright orange. Easily recognizable by the sessile in-
florescence, providing this is not abnormal in the type material.
This species, like two others described here as new, I have preferred
to leave in the genus Gurania, rather than refer them to Anguria.
Anguria Balfoureana (Cogn.) Macbr., comb. nov. Gurania
Balfoureana Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 3: 714. 1881; 227.
Slender-stemmed, the puberulent petioles of the trifoliolate
leaves 2 cm. long, the petiolules of the oblong-lanceolate, acuminate
leaflets 5-10 mm. long; leaflets glabrous, remotely spinulose-dentic-
ulate, subequal, auricled at the attenuate base, 3-4 cm. wide, 8-10
cm. long; tendrils short, glabrous; staminate peduncle pilose, 12-15
cm. long, the puberulent, crowded pedicels 3-6 mm. long; calyx
tube oblong, sparsely puberulent, 7-8 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad,
the spreading, triangular sepals 2-2.5 mm. long; petals oblong,
obtuse, 3-4 mm. long, papillose like the filiform appendages of the
basally replicate anthers, these 6 mm. long. A. pallida Cogn.
might be sought here; see under A. inaequalis.
Peru: Without locality (Mathews 2043, type).
Anguria bignoniacea Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 53.
1838; 184. A. triphylla Miq. Linnaea 19: 136. 1847.
Glabrous, dioecious, the leaves all or most of them trifoliolate
or very rarely all unifoliolate; spikes eventually many-flowered,
the elongating rachis conspicuously scarred by the fallen calyces,
the scars as much as 2 mm. wide; petioles to 2.5 cm. long, the petio-
lules about 1 cm. long; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, attenuate at the
base, short-acuminate, at least 10 cm. long, 4-6 cm. long, 4-6 cm.
wide; calyces rarely pedicellate, 10-striate, 8-10 mm. long, 2-3 mm.
wide, the spreading, ovate sepals 2 mm. long, the broadly obovate,
reddish petals 1.5-2 cm. long; anthers straight, with slightly papillose
appendages; pistillate flowers solitary, the peduncle 1-2 cm. long or
twice as long in fruit; fruit ovoid, 3-4 cm. long, 2-2.5 cm. thick.
In the type the nodes and the calyces are somewhat pulverulent;
there are many pustules on the leaves. Var. pallida (Cogn.) Macbr.,
comb. nov. (A. triphylla Miq. var. pallida Cogn. in DC. Monogr.
Phan. 3: 670. 1881, Mathews 2041, without locality in Peru), differs
from the type in having the leaves pale on both sides; there is
FLORA OF PERU 345
another variety in Ecuador with long-acuminate leaves. Neg. 31062.
Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 4: pi. 10.
Huanuco: Cochero, Poeppig 1703, type. Junin: La Merced,
600 meters, on trees along river, 5383. Chanchamayo, Isern 2366.
Loreto: Iquitos, Tessmann 5066 (det. Harms). Soledad, Tess-
mann 5246 (det. Harms). Mishuyacu, 100 meters, in forest, King
542; flowers red. San Martin: San Roque, 1,400 meters, in forest,
Williams 6946, 7370. Rio Acre: Cobija, Ule 9870 (det. Cogniaux;
leaves partly unifoliolate). Seringal Auristella, Ule 108b (leaflets
all unifoliolate). Bolivia; Venezuela; Guianas. "Ampato huasca,"
' 'sacha-vaca-quina. ' '
Anguria Boissieriana Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 3: 673.
1881; 187.
Glabrous except the puberulent petioles (2 cm. long), peduncles
(25 cm. long), and sepals, these suberect, sparsely pilose, 2 mm.
long; leaves deeply 3-lobed, scarcely if at all cordate at the base,
entire or nearly so, to 12 cm. long and 15 cm. broad, the lobes
divaricate, triangular, acute; tendrils slender; flowers sessile, crowded,
the calyx tube subrotund at the base, 7-8 mm. long, 2-3 mm. thick;
petals obovate, densely papillose on both surfaces, 4-5 mm. long;
anthers straight, about 5 mm. long, the narrow appendage scarcely
papillose.
Peru: Masova, Ruiz & Pavdn, type.
Anguria capita ta Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 52. 1838;
225. Gurania capitata Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. 1: 18. 1876.
Very near A. Guentheri, differing principally in the subsessile
flowers, the thick pedicels only 0.5-1 mm. long, and in the oblongish
calyx tube, this 7-9 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, the sepals 3 mm. long;
petals only 2 mm. long. Var. pallida (Cogn.) Macbr., comb. nov.
(G. capitata var. pallida Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 3: 711. 1881),
has subentire leaves, ashy-colored beneath. The leaf lobes of the
typical form are abruptly caudate. A. magdalenae Pittier, 182,
found as near as Ecuador, has deeply cordate leaves, the lateral lobes
auricled, and sepals only 1 mm. long. A. umbrosa HBK., 190,
ranging from Brazil to Surinam and Mexico, might key here but
has deeply 5-7-lobed leaves. Neg. 8990, the var.; Neg. 31061,
the type.
Huanuco: Pampayacu, Poeppig 1222, type. Without locality,
Ruiz & Pavdn. Junin: Chanchamayo, Raimondi (det. Harms);
Isern 2104. La Merced, 700 meters, Kittip & Smith 23714; flowers
346 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
bright orange-red; on brush along river, 5382. Schunke Hacienda
above San Ramon, 1,300-1,700 meters, Schunke A12. Chanchamayo
Valley, 1,200 meters, Schunke 359.
Anguria cissoides Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2: 242. 1850;
228. Gurania cissoides Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. 1: 16. 1876.
High climbing, the green parts more or less villous, finally
glabrous or essentially so except the lightly pubescent pedicels, these
apically congested, 6-16 mm. long, the common peduncle (staminate)
to 25 cm. long; petioles 2-3 cm. long, at first densely villous, becom-
ing glabrate; leaflets 3, on petiolules 5-15 mm. long, acute or short-
acuminate, papillose or sparsely pubescent above, sparsely and
obscurely hispid beneath on the nerves, the terminal one attenuate
at the base, 9-18 cm. long, 4-7 cm. wide, the slightly smaller lateral
ones broadened and auriculate at the outer edges; pedicels 6-16 mm.
long; calyx tube strigose-puberulent, the hairs subappressed, ovoid-
oblong, rounded at the base, 5-6 mm. long, 2-3 mm. thick; sepals
erect, to 3 mm. long; petals linear, papillose, 1.5-2 mm. long; anthers
replicate basally, 4 mm. long, the narrow, villous connective with
a papillose appendage 1 mm. long. A. parviflora Cogn., 190, of
Ecuador has 5-foliolate leaves, subulate sepals 1.5 mm. long, and
narrowly ovate petals to 2.5 mm. long. G. variabilis Cogn., 217,
of Bolivia is nearly A. inaequalis (Cogn.) Macbr., but the sparsely
pilose, long-acuminate leaflets are subsessile. G. brachyodonta Bonn.
Sm., 227, of Ecuador has spreading sepals as in the related A. Bal-
foureana (Cogn.) Macbr., from which it differs by its glabrous
peduncles shorter than the leaves.
Huanuco: Pampayacu, Poeppig 1703, in part. Brazil and Guianas.
Anguria eriantha Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 52.
pi. 169. 1838; 200. Gurania eriantha Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. 1 : 16. 1876.
Stems, petioles, leaf nerves, and calyces conspicuously pubescent
with spreading, white-lustrous, setose-pilose trichomes, the longer
hairs 5-7 mm. long; petioles 2-4 cm. long; leaf blades thin, suborbic-
ular, 8-15 cm. long and broad, entire or usually more or less 3-lobed,
deeply cordate at the base; staminate flowers capitate-spicate, the
sparsely hirsute peduncles to 60 cm. long; calyx tube rounded at the
base, 6-8 mm. long, 4 mm. thick, the flexuous, suberect sepals subu-
late and twice as long; petals densely papillose on both surfaces,
about 1 cm. long; anthers straight, 2.5-3 mm. long, the connective
broad, muticous. G. Andreana Cogn., 201, similar, of Ecuador, has
FLORA OF PERU 347
sepals 5-6 times longer than tube. Illustrated, Pflanzenreich IV.
275, pt. 1: 201, scarcely typical. Neg. 8993.
Junin: Huacapistana, 1,600 meters, Weberbauer 2330; 252.
Chanchamayo Valley, 1,200 meters, Schunke 1733. Cuzco: Valle
de Lares, Herrera 1803 (det. Harms). Marcapata Valley, 1,750
meters, Weberbauer 7847; calyx fiery red, corolla yellow. Santa
Ana, 1,250 meters, Herrera 961. Loreto: Yurimaguas, Poeppig,
type. Leticia, in forest, Williams 3164. Iquitos, 120 meters,
Williams 8037. Florida, 180 meters, riverside forest, King 2267;
flowers red. San Martin: San Roque, 1,400 meters, in forest,
Williams 7097. Juanjui, 400-800 meters, in clearing, King 4340.
"Usiya-o" (Huitoto name).
Anguria grandiflora Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. 1: 22. 1876; 183.
Closely allied to A. bignoniacea, but the lateral leaflets each with
a very pronounced bulge on the outer edge; petioles to 5 cm. long;
leaflets 5-10 cm. wide; calyx tube 10-15 mm. long, the sepals 4-6
mm. long; petals 3-4.5 cm. long, 12-20 mm. wide. Both Tessmann
collections were determined by Harms as "aff."; in this material
the petals are only 8 mm. wide, extending 1-1.5 cm. beyond the
calyx, this 1 cm. long. Illustrated, as A. gloriosa S. Moore, Trans.
Linn. Soc. II. Bot. 4: pi. 25. Neg. 31065.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Ule 6550; Williams 6514- Loreto:
Yurimaguas, Poeppig 2415, type. Yarina-cocha, Tessmann 3379.
San Isidro, Tessmann 4791. Manfinfa, Williams 1167. Mishuyacu,
100 meters, in forest, Klug 105; flowers red. Bolivia; Paraguay.
"Mashu-huario."
Anguria Guentheri (Harms) Macbr., comb. nov. Gurania
Guentheri Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9: 990. 1926.
Glabrous or essentially so except for the short (always?) inflores-
cences, these densely appressed-villous with brown hairs; leaves entire
or 3-lobed, the former oblong-ovate, rounded at the base, acuminate,
the latter lobed at least to the middle, the acuminate lobes ovate
or oblong, all 3-nerved from the base, chartaceous or papery, remotely
and minutely denticulate, 12-17 cm. long, 7-14 cm. wide; lateral
peduncles geminate, 0.5-2 cm. long, the many flowers apically sub-
umbellate on pedicels about 5 mm. long; calyx broadly urceolate,
3-3.5 mm. broad; sepals somewhat spreading, narrowly ovate, gla-
brous within or nearly so, 4-5 mm. long; petals 2.5 mm. long; anthers
2, flexuous, basally replicate, the connective appendage short, acute,
glabrous or nearly so. Differs from A. capitata Poepp. & Endl. in
348 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
its peduncled inflorescences and larger calyces; although only short
lateral racemes are present in the material cited, Harms suggests
that the species, like many others, may develop also long-peduncled
racemes. He refers with some doubt to the last two numbers cited,
this being pistillate material. A slender liana with red or fiery red
calyx, the petals orange (Tessmann). In flooded or flood-free woods.
Neg. 8994.
Loreto: Mouth of Rio Santiago, Tessmann 4113, type; 4538.
Mouth of Rio Apaga, Tessmann 3845. Pongo de Manseriche, in
forest, 150 meters, Killip & Smith 29139; corolla red.
Anguria inaequalis (Cogn.) Macbr., comb. nov. Gurania inae-
qualis Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. 1: 32. 1876; 217.
Stems slender, sulcate, with a few long, white hairs; petioles
pubescent, 4-25 cm. long; leaves trifoliolate, the lateral petiolules
1.5 cm. long, the middle one 2-2.5 cm. long; leaflets obtuse or short-
acuminate, minutely denticulate, glabrous, the middle one acute at
the base, about 20 cm. long and half as wide, the lateral ones strongly
asymmetric and semicordate, 8-11 cm. wide; flowers 40-50, capitate-
racemose, glabrous or nearly so, the slender peduncle 20 cm. long or
longer, the pedicels 3-5 mm. long; calyx tube red, oblong, slightly
attenuate at the base, 4-5 mm. long, slightly pubescent; sepals
erect, triangular-lanceolate, 2 mm. long, the slightly papillose,
yellow petals 1-1.5 mm. long; anthers replicate at the base, 3-3.5
mm. long, the connective extremely narrow, the appendage glabrous.
A. pallida Cogn., 182, of Ecuador, has leaflets scarcely asymmetric
and fewer spicate flowers with a greenish calyx tube 10 mm. long.
Neg. 8998.
Loreto: Leticia, Ule 6185. Huanuco: Posuso, 600 meters, on
sunny brush, 4627 (det. Harms). Brazil.
Anguria insolita (Cogn.) Macbr., comb. nov. Gurania insolita
Cogn. Pflanzenreich IV. 275, pt. 1: 209. 1916.
Shortly villous-puberulent nearly throughout; stems and petioles
stout, the latter 5-6 cm. long; leaf blades 15-18 cm. long, 16-20 cm.
wide, deeply 3-lobed, the lobes abruptly acuminate, entire or nearly
so, the lateral lobes with a spreading basal lobe or point, the resulting
sinus as much as 4 cm. broad; flowers numerous, horizontally
spreading in head-like racemes on peduncles 10 cm. long and 7-8
mm. thick above; pedicels 2-3 mm. long; calyx tube rather long-
villous, 12-13 mm. long, 4 mm. broad, the red, scarcely flexuous,
linear-acuminate sepals glabrous within, sparsely pilose without,
FLORA OF PERU 349
15-17 mm. long, the finely papillose, nearly linear petals a third as
long; anthers straight, 9 mm. long, the appendage smooth. Illus-
trated, op. cit. 210.
Rio Acre: Seringal San Francisco, Ule 9878, type.
Gurania Killipii Standley, sp. nov.
Scandens herbacea, caule crassiusculo striato subdense puberulo
et sparsius villoso-hirsuto, internodiis elongatis; folia majuscula
petiolata coriaceo-membranacea, petiolo crasso ca. 4.5 cm. longo
densissime pilis sordidis villoso-hirsuto; lamina ca. 18 cm. longa
atque aequilata fere ad basin 5-loba, basi cordata et breviter decur-
rens, supra subdense hispidula tactu aspera, subtus ubique hispidula
et papillosa, lobis irregulariter sinuatis et repando-dentatis, oblongis
vel elliptico-oblongis acutis; inflorescentia mascula umbellata laxe
multiflora, pedunculo crasso ca. 23 cm. longo villosulo-puberulo;
pedicelli graciles 1.5-3.5 cm. longi minute puberuli inaequales;
calyx extus minute scaberulo-puberulus, tubo angusto 1.5 cm. longo
3-5 mm. crasso, sepalis lineari-oblongis 8-10 mm. longis acutis sub-
erectis, petalis anguste oblongis fere aequilongis; antherae replicatae
lineares, connective angusto, appendice parvo glabro.
Loreto: Santa Rosa, lower Rio Huallaga, below Yurimaguas, 135
meters, in forest, September, 1929, Killip & Smith 28907 (type in
U. S. Nat. Herb.; photo, in Herb. Field Mus.).
Anguria lanata (Cogn.) Macbr., comb. nov. Gurania lanata
Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. 1: 26. 1876; 199.
Stems hirsute, the hairs long; petioles to 5 cm. long, densely
long-lanate-villous; leaf blades membranous, sparsely pilose above,
densely tomentose-lanate beneath, 10-20 cm. long and nearly as
wide, 5-7-parted, the lanceolate, acuminate lobes minutely and
remotely spinulose-denticulate, the basal sinus 1-2 cm. broad, 2-3
cm. deep; staminate flowers red, densely spicate-capitate, the lanate
peduncles 20-30 cm. long; calyx tube narrowly ovoid, rounded at
the base, densely white-lanate, 6-8 mm. long, 4 mm. thick, the erect,
nearly straight, subulate, lanate sepals 16-18 mm. long; petals linear,
densely villous, especially at the base, 6-8 mm. long; anthers cordi-
form, replicate below, with a broad, muticous connective; pistillate
flowers many, racemose, the pedicels 1-3 cm. long; calyx tube 16-
18 mm. long; sepals 10-12 mm. long, equaled by the petals.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4297. Loreto: Uanano, Lower
Rio Napo, Tessmann 3708 (det. Harms ex descr.). San Isidro,
350 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Tessmann 4956 (det. Harms ex descr.). Without locality: (Gay 791;
Mathews 1226).
Anguria longipedicellata (Cogn.) Macbr., comb. nov. Gurani-
opsis longipedicellata Cogn. Bot. Jahrb. 42: 174. 1908; 192.
Glabrous or nearly so except for the leaves beneath and the
loose racemes of conspicuously long-pediceled flowers; petioles 3-4
cm. long; leaf blades 12-20 cm. long and broad, with 3-5 repand-
dentate, acute lobes, slightly scabrous above, villous-puberulent
beneath ; flowers monoecious, both staminate and pistillate peduncles
8-10 cm. long, the filiform pedicels 3-8 cm. long; calyx tube villous-
puberulent, 1.5-2 cm. long, 2 mm. broad, the erect, subulate sepals
8-10 mm. long, the broadly obovate, puberulent petals 7 mm. long;
anthers 5 mm. long, straight, with a narrow connective, scarcely
produced. An anomalous plant, with the green calyx and thin,
broad, spreading petals constricted at the base, as in Anguria, sens,
strict., but petals pale yellow and exceeded by the sepals as in Sect.
Gurania, which caused Cogniaux to create for it an intermediate
genus. As in A. pachypoda (Harms) Macbr., the sepals may much
exceed or only equal the petals; both Guraniopsis and Gurania can
be maintained as genera only on the character of the petals. Illus-
trated, Pflanzenreich IV. 275, pt. 1: 193. Neg. 8973.
Junin: In rocks at edge of thicket near Huacapistana, 1,800
meters, Weberbauer 1969, type; 247.
Anguria Mathewsii Macbr., nom. nov. Gurania parviflora
Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. 1: 38. 1876; 224; non A. parviflora Cogn.
More or less villous-hirsute throughout except the pilose calyces
and papillose petals, the thin, undivided leaf blades narrowly ovate,
scarcely at all cordate, acuminate, remotely spinulose-denticulate,
about 15 cm. long and half as wide; petioles 2-3 cm. long; staminate
flowers 10-15, capitately subcorymbose, the sparsely pilose peduncle
12-15 cm. long, the puberulent pedicels 5-7 mm. long; calyx tube
sordid-red, narrowly ovoid, rounded at the base, 4-5 mm. long, half
as broad, the sepals erect, ovate, 2-3 mm. long, the narrowly ovate
petals glabrous within, 1.5-2 mm. long; anthers basally replicate,
4 mm. long, the narrow appendage apically papillose. G. neograna-
tensis Cogn., 221, of Colombia and Bolivia, may well occur and would
be sought here; it has deeply 3-lobed leaves, tomentose calyces with
spreading sepals 4-5 mm. long, and pubescent anther connective.
G. Eggersii Sprague & Hutchinson, 206, Ecuadorian, is peculiar in
its 5-parted leaves, densely papillose petals, and straight anthers.
Peru: Without locality (Mathews 1218, type).
FLORA OF PERU 351
Anguria pachypoda (Harms) Macbr., comb. nov. Gurania
pachypoda Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9: 991. 1926.
Glabrous except for the puberulent calyces, and well marked
by the large, medially 3-lobed leaves and head-like racemes with
the thick pedicels persisting; petioles 7-9 cm. long; leaf blades
broadly cordate at the base but the blade more or less narrowed
to the petiole, the oblongish lobes with an acumen 2-3 cm. long,
remotely spinulose-denticulate or subentire, to 30 cm. broad and
about as long, 3-nerved from the base, the reticulation prominent
beneath; axillary peduncle to nearly 30 cm. long; pedicels congested,
puberulent, 3-4 mm. long; calyx tube globose-campanulate, 5 mm.
long, 4-5 mm. thick; sepals glabrous, lax, linear-lanceolate, 12-15
or sometimes only 5-7 mm. long, the shorter petals papillose; anthers
basally replicate, the appendage elongate-conical. Not placed by
the author. Calyx fiery red, yellow within; a liana 3 meters long
(Tessmanri). A. Wageneriana Schlecht., 215, found as near as
Ecuador, has rounded or acute leaf lobes. Neg. 9004.
Loreto: Flood-free forest, San Antonio, middle Maranon, Tess-
mann 4934- Krukoff 6969 of Brazil, distributed as G. Ulei, may
belong here. Brazil.
Anguria pycnocephala (Harms) Macbr., comb. nov. Gurania
pycnocephala Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 10: 182. 1927.
Stems deeply sulcate, more or less lanuginous-villous as also
the petioles, these 1-2.5 cm. long; leaf blades suborbicular, 3-lobed
to below the middle, cordate with a broad sinus, remotely dentic--
ulate, thin, sparsely pilose or glabrate above, the lobes more or less
obovate, oblong, or ovate, acuminate, the middle one 7-11 cm. long;
peduncle villous or glabrate, to 20 cm. long; flowers capitate-con-
gested; pedicels pilose, mostly shorter than 6 mm.; calyx narrowly
urceolate, loosely pilose or villous, 13-16 mm. long; sepals unequal,
linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 17-27 mm. long; petals short-lanceolate,
4-5 mm. long; anther connective short, appendaged. Near G.
longiflora Cogn., 211, with subentire leaves (Harms). Sepals fiery
red; petals orange (Tessmann). Neg. 9006.
Loreto: Yarina-cocha, 155 meters, in upland forest, Tessmann
5401, type. Santa Rosa, 135 meters, in forest, Killip & Smith
28726; corolla orange-red, anthers yellow. Between Yurimaguas
and Balsapuerto, 140 meters, in forest, Killip & Smith 28137;
sepals red, corolla yellow. Junin: Puerto Bermudez, 375 meters,
in forest, Killip & Smith 26663; corolla bright orange, anthers
yellow.
352 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Anguria pyrrhocephala (Harms) Macbr., comb. nov. Gurania
pyrrhocephala Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9: 991. 1926.
Rather similar to A. speciosa but the pubescence of the stems
very dense and longer, the trichomes 4-7 mm. long, brownish;
petioles 3-6 cm. long or longer; leaves more or less deeply cordate,
almost setaceous-caudate; calyx campanulate-subglobose, with only
a few hairs or almost none, nearly 7 mm. long, 5-6 mm. broad;
sepals 2 cm. long or longer, filiform-acuminate; petals 10-12 mm.
long, papillose- villous; anthers retroreplicate at the base. By the
character of the anthers allied to A. villosa (Cogn.) Macbr., comb,
nov. (G. villosa Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. 1: 25. 1876) and A. crinita
(Huber) Macbr., comb. nov. (G. crinita Huber, Bull. Soc. Bot.
Geneve, II. 6: 212. 1914), both of the Amazonian region, the former
with calyx tube only 2 mm. long and broad, the latter with orange-
pubescent calyces and petals only 6 mm. long, the sepals 2-3 mm.
long. The Ecuadorean G. phanerosiphon Sprague & Hutch., 202,
has a villous calyx and petals united below. Creeping on the floor
of flood-free forest; calyx green below, the sepals fiery red with
whitish pubescence, the petals yellow (Tessmann). Neg. 9007.
Loreto: Mouth of Rio Santiago, 160 meters, upland forest, Tess-
mann 4658. Above Iquitos, Tessmann 5215. Santa Rosa, 135
meters, in forest, Killip & Smith 28749; corolla bright orange,
anthers yellow. Mishuyacu, 100 meters, in forest, Klug 1106;
flowers red, yellow within.
Anguria rufipila (Cogn.) Macbr., comb. nov. Gurania rufipila
Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. 1: 30. 1876; 212.
Distinct from other species similar in appearance by the rusty
instead of white or translucent pilosity, this especially dense on the
stems, petioles, peduncles, and leaf nerves beneath; petioles 6-8 cm.
long; leaf blades nearly 3-parted, the long-acuminate, oblongish
lobes conspicuously repand-dentate, the middle one 17-22 cm. long,
at the middle 9-13 cm. wide, the lateral ones smaller; staminate
flowers fiery red, terminally congested on stout peduncles 15 cm.
long or longer; pedicels 1-3 mm. long; sepals erect, subulate, 10-13
mm. long; petals ovate-lanceolate, villous, 3 mm. long; anthers
straight, 4 mm. long, the extremely narrow connective with a
smooth appendage. G. boliviana Rusby, 220, is more or less rusty-
tomentose, with orange-yellow, umbellate flowers on pedicels 1 cm.
long. Neg. 9008.
Loreto: Leticia, Vie 6208. La Victoria, in forest, Williams
2543; edge of forest, Williams 2905. Brazil.
FLORA OF PERU 353
Gurania Smithii Standley, sp. nov.
Herbacea scandens, caulibus gracillimis pilis longis laxis albidis
patentibus dense villoso-pilosis, internodiis elongatis; folia inter
minora petiolata membranacea, petiolo 2-3 cm. longo dense longi-
villoso; foliola 3.6-9 mm. longe petiolulata elliptica vel oblongo-
elliptica inaequalia, apice abrupte breviter cuspidata, basi obtusa
vel subrotundata et saepe valde obliqua, remote obscure repando-
denticulata vel fere integra, utrinque pilis longissimis laxis albidis
sparse villosa, in statu juvenili dense villosa; flores masculi brevis-
sime racemosi, racemis umbelliformibus paucifloris ca. 1.5 cm.
latis, pedicellis dense villosis vix 2 mm. longis; calyx extus dense
laxe pilis longis villosus, tubo hemispherico-tubuloso 4 mm. longo
basi rotundato, sepalis inaequalibus ovato-lanceolatis 3-4.5 mm.
longis attenuato-acutis; petala triangulari-subulata sepalis plus
quam duplo breviora; antherae ovales, connective lato, appendice
parvo glabro.
Junin: Pichis Trail, Enenas, 1,600-1,900 meters, in forest, in
1929, Killip & Smith 25773 (type in U. S. Nat. Herb.; photo,
in Herb. Field Mus.).
Calyx orange-red.
Anguria speciosa Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 51. pi.
169. 1838; 202. Gurania speciosa Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. 1: 16. 1876.
Similar in pubescence to A. eriantha and nearly similar in other
respects, but the leaves undivided or merely repand-lobed, the
peduncles sometimes only 20 cm. long, or 40 cm. long; petals much
shorter, to 5 mm. long; anthers to 4 mm. long. G. tubulosa Cogn.,
215, Ecuadorean, is glabrate, the yellow petals connivent into a tube.
Huanuco: Casapi and Cochero, Poeppig 1664, type. Junin:
Chanchamayo Valley, 1,000 meters, Weberbauer 2340; 283; Schunke
360. Loreto: Puerto Limon, Tessmann 3858 (det. Harms). Rio
Acre: Seringal Auristella, Ule 9873.
Anguria spinulosa Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 52. pi.
170. 1838; 216. Gurania spinulosa Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. 1: 17. 1876.
A long, stout vine, ligneous below, with deeply sulcate stems;
petioles tomentulose, 6-15 cm. long; leaf blades scabrous or glabrate
above, puberulent-pilose beneath, 15-40 cm. long and broad, medially
3-lobed, the lobes acute, remotely spinulose-dentate, the basal sinus
4-8 cm. deep; staminate flowers many, congested, the shortly
villous-tomentulose peduncles to several dm. long; pedicels 1-3 cm.
354 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
long; calyx yellowish, subrotund at the base, densely strigose-
puberulent, about 2 cm. long, the linear, erect sepals (6-) 10-13 mm.
long; petals yellow, tomentulose, 6-7 mm. long; anthers basally
replicate, 12-13 mm. long, with a narrow connective and a linear,
glabrous appendage; pistillate flowers fasciculate, the fruiting
peduncles 2-3 cm. long; fruit oblong, 6-7 cm. long, 15-18 mm.
thick. Var. glabrata Cogn. is glabrate, the leaves sparsely and
minutely pilose on both sides. Neg. 9011.
Ayacucho: Above Aina, 1,800 meters, Weberbauer 5606, the var.
Rio Acre: Ule 9872, 9910. Huanuco: Huanuco (?), Poeppig.
Cochero, Poeppig 1393. Vilcabamba, 1,800 meters, 4998. Without
locality: Ruiz & Pavon 26-2. Cuzco: Valle de Lares, Hen era 1806
(det. Harms). Below Pillahuata, 2,000-2,300 meters, along trail in
forest, Pennell 14071; flowers salmon-orange. San Martin:
Zepelacio, 1,200-1,600 meters, in forest, Klug 3548; flowers yellow.
Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1,500 meters, Schunke 566, 565, 480.
Above San Ramon, 1,400-1,700 meters, edge of forest, Killip &
Smith 24716; corolla orange-red, anthers pale yellow. Cahuapanas,
340 meters, in forest, Killip & Smith 26765. Puerto Yessup, 400
meters, Killip & Smith 26324- La Merced, 1,200 meters, on sunny
shrubs, 5606. Loreto: Uanana on the lower Rio Napo, Tessmann
3706 (det. Harms). Lower Rio Nanay, Williams 291 A, 293. Iquitos,
100 meters, edge of forest, Williams 1376, 1423, 1436, 7902. San
Antonio, 145 meters, in forest, Williams 3422. Puerto Arturo, 200
meters, in forest, Williams 5087, 5127. Fundo Indiana, 110 meters,
in forest, Mexia 6400; a vine 6 meters long. Santa Rosa, 200 meters,
Williams 4944. La Victoria, edge of forest, Williams 2796, 2883.
Bolivia and Brazil to northern South America.
Anguria Tessmannii (Harms) Macbr., comb. nov. Gurania
Tessmannii Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9: 992. 1926.
Very similar to A. ucayalina, but the pedicels only 3-4 mm. long
and the calyces densely viscid-pilose, the lobes sparsely hirsute;
anthers 4 mm. long, the appendage slightly papillose. Nearly A.
cissoides Benth., with sparsely pubescent calyx, and A. inaequalis
(Cogn.) Macbr., with sepals only half as long (2 mm.). As Harms
hints, it seems doubtful that these plants actually represent different
species. Blossoms fiery red; petals orange (Tessmann). Neg. 9015.
Loreto: Parinari on the lower Maranon, Tessmann 5028, type.
Ayacucho: Near Kimpitiriki, 400 meters, in forest, Killip & Smith
23008; corolla orange-red. Estrella, 500 meters, in forest, Killip &
Smith 23058; corolla bright orange, anthers yellow.
FLORA OF PERU 355
Anguria ucayalina (Harms) Macbr., comb. nov. Gurania uca-
yalina Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9: 993. 1926.
Nearly glabrous or sparsely and laxly pilose, especially the
leaves beneath; petioles 2-3 cm. long; leaf blades trifoliolate, the
petiolules about 1 cm. long, the leaflets oblong-lanceolate, narrowed
at both ends, the lateral ones strongly oblique, mostly about 10 cm.
long, 3-4 cm. wide; peduncle 10-17 cm. long, glabrous or essentially
so, like the densely aggregate flowers, the pedicels 5-10 mm. long
or longer; calyx tube subcylindric-urceolate, 5-6 mm. long, 3 mm.
broad; sepals glabrous, 3.5-4 mm. long, the petals 2-2.5 mm. long;
anthers replicate at the base, to 5 mm. long, the narrowly acute
appendages scarcely papillose. Like A. inaequalis, with sepals 2 mm.
long and calyx tube pubescent instead of glabrate or a trifle puberu-
lent, and A. cissoides, also more pubescent, especially the calyx.
The species seems to me to be very doubtful. Calyx fiery red;
petals yellow (Tessmann). Neg. 9016.
Loreto: Cashiboplaya on the middle Rio Ucayali, Tessmann 3512,
type.
Anguria Ulei (Cogn.) Macbr., comb. nov. Gurania Ulei Cogn.
Pflanzenreich IV. 275, pt. 1: 205. 1916.
Entire plant very sparsely pilose and appressed-puberulent, the
two sorts of pubescence intermixed, the flowers more densely pubes-
cent; petioles 3-5 cm. long; leaf blades thin, cordate-orbicular,
12-17 cm. long and broad, deeply 3-lobed, the lobes oblong-obovate,
their margins remotely denticulate; sinus broadly rectangular;
staminate peduncles about 20 cm. long, the pedicels to 10 mm. long;
calyx 5-6 mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide, the oblong-ligulate sepals
8-11 mm. long, far exceeding the pale, finely papillose, exserted
petals; connective broad, glabrous, the papillose appendage 1 mm.
long, the anthers basally replicate; pistillate flowers solitary or
geminate, the peduncles 3-4 cm. long. Compare A. Weberbaueri
for specimens confused with this species. Neg. 9017.
Rio Acre: Seringal Auristella, Ule 9868, type. San Martin:
Tarapoto, 360-900 meters, Williams.
Anguria Weberbaueri (Harms) Macbr., comb. nov. Gurania
Weberbaueri Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 7: 502. 1921.
Rather stout and glabrous except for some minute puberulence
on the leaf nerves above (or leaves sometimes pubescent) and on
the racemes, the calyces sparsely puberulent-villous; petioles to
10 cm. long or longer; leaf blades 20-25 cm. wide and 25 cm. long
356 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
or larger, 3-lobed even to below the middle, often deeply cordate
at the base, the lobes remotely subspinulose, denticulate, ovate or
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; staminate peduncles 10-20 cm. long,
bearing as many as 10 fiery red flowers, the rusty-puberulent pedicels
to 7 mm. long or about as long as the narrow calyx tube, this acute
or obtusish at the base, the linear-filiform sepals nearly glabrous,
much longer than the petals, 6-9 mm. long. Tessmann 3506 has
leaves pubescent on both sides but is referred here in Herb. Berlin
by Harms without question; Tessmann 4977 is determined by
Harms, "cf. Weberbaueri." Separated by the author from G. pseudo-
spinulosa Cogn., 221, of Colombia and Brazil by its glabrous stems
and smaller calyces, the tube not rounded at the base. The Klug
specimens were distributed as G. Ulei, which compare.
San Martin: Zepelacio, Klug 3449. Huanuco: Valley of Rio
Mayro, in evergreen bushwood, 1,300 meters, Weberbauer 6754,
type. Loreto: Yarina-cocha, Tessmann 3506 (det. Harms). San
Isidro, Tessmann 4977(1). Florida, Rio Putumayo, in clearing,
Klug 2120. Iquitos, 100 meters, in thickets and waste places,
Killip & Smith 27338, 26894. "Maruchao."
8. DIEUDONNAEA Cogn.
High-climbing, villous lianas, the creeping, leafless base bearing
the sessile staminate racemes of reddish, dioecious flowers. Calyx
and corolla 5-parted, the tube of the former urceolate-subglobose,
the segments of the latter small, scaly at the base. Stamens 2,
free; anthers subpeltate, plane, ovate, 2-celled, the narrow cells
flexuous, the connective dilated. A genus of doubtful validity in
view of the variation of characters in Anguria.
Dieudonnaea rhizantha (Poepp. & Endl.) Cogn. Bull. Soc.
Bot. Belg. 14: 239. 1875; 519. Anguria rhizantha Poepp. & Endl.
Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 52. pi. 171. 1838.
Vigorous, with stout, sulcate stems and petioles, the latter
about 10 cm. long; leaf blades broadly ovate, sparsely long- villous,
becoming scabrous on both sides, the margins ciliate and remotely
spinulose-dentate, slightly cordate, more or less 3-lobed, the nerves
prominent and reticulate beneath; staminate racemes elongating to
15 cm., the stout, sparsely pilose pedicels 1-3 cm. long; bracts
deciduous; calyx in age lustrous, about 1 cm. long, 8 mm. broad, the
lobes ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, to 20 mm. long; petals gla-
brous within, 4-5 mm. long; pistillate flowers apparently unknown.
FLORA OF PERU 357
Var. Poeppigiana (Schlecht.) Cogn., doubtfully more than the
extreme variation in leaf lobing, has leaves 3-lobed to four-fifths
their length, the lobes more oblong-lanceolate than triangular, the
middle one constricted at the base. Neg. 9024.
Huanuco: Tocache and Yurimaguas, Poeppig, type. Loreto:
Puerto Limon, Tessmann 8868 (det. Harms). Lower Huallaga,
Tessmann 3762 (det. Harms). Lower Rio Napo, Tessmann 3728.
Mishuyacu, 100 meters, in forest, Klug 157, 786; flowers red.
9. APODANTHERA Arnott
Reference: Cogniaux, Pflanzenreich IV. 275, pt. 1: 54-67. 1916.
Perennial herbs, climbing or prostrate, with simple or bifid
tendrils and monoecious or dioecious flowers, the staminate usually
in racemes, the pistillate solitary or rarely glomerate. Anthers
usually 3, sessile, dorsifixed, free or lightly coherent, 1-celled, the
cells rarely curved, the connective little if at all produced. Three
staminodia present in the pistillate flowers. Style with 3 fleshy
stigmas, inserted in a disk. Fruit fleshy, indehiscent, with many
horizontal seeds. Besides the following, A. scabra Cogn., op. cit.
58, of Ecuador, may well be expected; it is unique in its not at all
lobed leaves that are long-acuminate and much longer than broad,
scabrous on both sides.
Leaves entire or slightly lobed or serrate, merely tuberculate-
asperous beneath; staminate racemes 2-flowered. .A. biflora.
Leaves more or less deeply lobed, usually somewhat hairy beneath;
staminate racemes several-many-flowered.
Leaves large, broadly 3-lobed, like the calyx densely woolly-
pubescent beneath A. eriocalyx.
Leaves not broadly 3-lobed or the leaves and calyx not both
woolly-pubescent.
Calyx glabrous or sparsely and laxly pilose. (Cf. A. Weber-
baueri in age.)
Leaves densely pubescent beneath, the pubescence minute.
A. mucronata.
Leaves laxly pilose beneath A. tumbeziana.
Calyx densely pubescent, at least at the base, or scabrous-
hirsute.
Flowers only a few mm. long; leaves ashy-pubescent.
A. cinerea.
358 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Flowers 1-3 cm. long; leaves usually green, at least above.
Leaves densely tomentulose beneath; calyx more or less
villous.
Calyx densely viscid-villous or tomentose.A. Mandonii.
Calyx villous only at the base A. Matheivsii.
Leaves laxly villous or scabrous beneath; calyces hirsute
or scabrous-hirsute.
Calyx and mature leaves beneath shortly scabrous-
pubescent A. Weberbaueri.
Calyx and mature leaves beneath laxly villous-hirsute.
A. Herrerae.
Apodanthera biflora Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. 2: 43. 1877; 63.
Marked at once by its solitary or binate staminate flowers borne
on glabrous or slightly pilose peduncles about as long as the ovate-
cordate leaves, these obscurely denticulate, glabrous above, white-
tuberculate-asperous or scabrous beneath, entire or deeply 3-lobed,
5-10 cm. long and broad or larger; calyx villous, about 15 mm. long,
3 mm. thick, the subulate sepals nearly as long; petals yellowish,
glabrous, to 3.5 cm. long; anthers more or less flexuous; fruit gla-
brous, smooth, 2 cm. long. Illustrated, op. cit. 63. Neg. 27117.
Piura: Between Piura and Hacienda Stomala, 200 meters, Weber-
bauer 5944. Negritos, HaughtF46 (det. Harms). Ecuador. "Yuca
del monte."
Regarding this species Mr. Haught's notes supply the following
information: A herbaceous vine from a perennial, tuberous root.
The vines reach a length of about 2 meters, and have a disagreeable
smell, about like that of the "stinking gourd" of the southwestern
United States. Fruit striped light and dark green, about 6 cm. long
and 4 cm. wide. The root is edible after cooking, and is known as
"yuca del monte." Found throughout the region, but growth takes
place only after the heavy rain, usually at intervals of several years.
Apodanthera cinerea Cogn. Pflanzenreich IV. 275, pt. 1: 59.
1916.
A monoecious vine, distinguishable at once from other Peruvian
species by its small flowers, these campanulate, 3-4 mm. long, 8-10
borne on hirsutulous-puberulent pedicels 4-8 mm. long, the common,
similarly pubescent peduncle about 10 cm. long; leaves roundish,
especially beneath ,ppressed-ashy-villcus, 4-6 cm. wide and long,
deeply 3-5-1 obed, with a broad basal sinus; tendrils simple; sepals
FLORA OF PERU 359
2.5 mm. long; petals yellow, villous on both surfaces, 3 mm. long;
fruit smooth, 2 cm. thick, half again as long, borne on a peduncle
5-8 mm. long. Neg. 8951.
Loreto: Salinas de Pilluana, Huallaga, Ule 6759, type.
Apodanthera eriocalyx Cogn. Bot. Jahrb. 50: Beibl. Ill: 75.
1913; 57.
Closely allied to and in general resembling A. Mandonii, but the
stems and petioles glabrous or lightly villous, the leaves often much
larger, 8-16 cm. long and wide, and, especially, the calyx very long-
lanate, 14 mm. long, the sepals 4 mm. long; petals yellow, obovate-
angled, glabrous within, 5 mm. long; anthers lightly coherent, 6 mm.
long; fruit 4 cm. long. The leaf pubescence beneath is a somewhat
tangled villosity. Neg. 8953.
Lima: Mountain north of Chosica, 1,900 meters, Weberbauer
5343.
Apodanthera Herrerae Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin. 11:
770. 1933.
Glabrate or lightly pilose, especially the young leaves beneath,
the staminate inflorescences more or less densely hirsute, especially
the narrow, tubular-funnelform receptacle; petioles 2-5 cm. long;
leaf blades roundish, 3-5-lobed sometimes to the middle, the lobes
ovate or lanceolate, coarsely and irregularly lobulate to subentire,
often mucronulate at the tip; blades at the base somewhat cordate,
the middle lobe, from sinus to apex, 6-12 cm. long, the axillary
racemes little longer; pedicels 0.5-2.5 cm. long; receptacle nearly
1.5 cm. long; sepals 2-3 mm. long; corolla lobes subrotund, 5-7 mm.
long; anthers 4 mm. long; pistillate flowers solitary, the more or less
hirsute pedicels to 4 cm. long; ovary oblongish, to 2 cm. long, hirsute-
villous. Compared by the author with A. hirtella Cogn. Pflanzen-
reich IV. 275, pt. 1 : 61, of Bolivia, with much more deeply parted
leaves, racemes nearly twice as long, and longer sepals.
Cuzco: Huasas near Oropesa, 3,200 meters (Herrera); Herrera
3088. "Ckotockoto."
Apodanthera Mandonii Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. 2: 41. 1877; 57.
A slender-stemmed, monoecious vine, more or less villous,
especially the leaves softly so beneath or sometimes tomentose;
petioles 1-2 cm. long; leaf blades nearly round, deep green and
sparsely puberulent-scabrous above, 5-8 cm. long and broad, usually
deeply 3-5-lobed, the lobes often lobulate, undulate, or denticulate,
360 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
the rounded basal sinus about 2 cm. deep; tendrils very unequally
bifid; staminate peduncles to 12-flowered, 8 cm. long or more than
twice as long, the tomentose pedicels 5-8 mm. long; calyx subacute
at the base, ashy-tomentose, 10-12 mm. long, 3 mm. thick, the
sepals to 2 mm. long; anthers 5 mm. long; pistillate peduncle 2-3
cm. long; pistillate calyx 6-7 mm. long, the sepals to half as long,
the petals as long; fruit glabrous, 2.5 cm. long. Var. canescens
Cogn. has leaves densely tomentose beneath, the middle lobe
longer; in var. dissecta Cogn. the lobes of the leaves are very narrow
and more or less laciniate. Neg. 27116.
Peru: Without locality (Gay 1815; var. canescens); (Gay 1967;
var. dissecta). Moquehua: Carumas, Weberbauer 7263, 7273a. (var.
dissecta). Cuzco: Below Lares, 2,900 meters, Weberbauer 7897;
flowers yellow (det. Harms). Huanuco: San Rafael, Sawada 113
(det. Harms). Ambo, 2,100 meters, canyon slopes, trailing on
banks, 3146. Lima: Matucana, 2,400 meters, trailing on slide rock
slope, 2891; fruits green; on steep, grassy slope at base of cliff, 337;
plants 3-6 meters long. Bolivia.
Apodanthera Mathewsii Arnott ex Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 274.
1841; Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. 2: 40. 1877; 56.
Similar to the related A. mucronata, but the stems villous-
puberulent, the leaves slightly broader than long, only lightly 3-
lobed, and the basal sinus subrectangular, 2-3 cm. wide, the tendrils
densely puberulent and, especially, the staminate peduncle only 4-8
cm. long or about half as long as the leaves; calyx villous at the
base, 10-12 mm. long; petals 3-4 mm. long.
Hisanesco (Mathews 932, type).
Apodanthera mucronata Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. 2: 40. 1877; 56.
A dioecious vine with lightly pubescent stems; petioles villous-
tomentose, to 3 cm. long; leaf blades suborbicular, dark green and
scabrous above, somewhat white-tomentose beneath, about 10 cm.
long and wide, 3-5-lobed often to the middle, the basal sinus broad ;
tendrils sparsely pilose; staminate peduncle 8-20-flowered, 9-12 cm.
long, the pedicels 1-2 cm. long; calyx short-attenuate at the base,
9-10 mm. long, 2 mm. thick; sepals to 2 mm. long; petals puberulent-
villous, 3 mm. long; anthers 3^4 mm. long. Neg. 8957.
Without locality, Ruiz & Pavdn.
Apodanthera tumbeziana Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin
11:770. 1933.
FLORA OF PERU 361
Similar to A. mucronata; petioles to 4 cm. long; sinus of the
cordate leaves to 4 cm. deep; pubescence sparser, looser, especially
on the leaves beneath; peduncles 14-16 cm. long; receptacles 3-3.5
mm. thick at the tip; ovary narrow, 16 mm. long, the glabrate
receptacle 6-7 mm. long, 3 mm. broad. Harms refers here with
some doubt to my collection.
Tumbes: Mountain east of Hacienda La Choza, 800 meters,
Weberbauer 7691, 7691 a, type. Huanuco: Muna, on sunny shrubs,
flowers yellow, 3959.
Apodanthera Weberbaueri Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin
11:771. 1933.
A decumbent perennial with nearly the characters of A. Mandonii
var. dissecta, but the pubescence harsh instead of tomentose, that
on the leaves beneath scabrous-puberulent in age, that of the in-
florescence shortly hirsute-villous or scabrous-hirsute; sepals only
about 1.5 mm. long; pistillate flowers subsessile, extremely narrow.
A loma plant with golden yellow flowers.
Lima: Pativilca, Prov. Chancai, 200-300 meters, sometimes
climbing on shrubs, Weberbauer 7485, type.
10. MELOTHRIA L.
Reference: Cogniaux, Pflanzenreich IV. 275, pt. 1: 75-129. 1916.
Very similar to Apodanthera, but the calyx always campanulate.
Flowers usually monoecious. Filaments usually obvious, the anthers
basifixed.
Melothria fluminensis Gardner, Lond. Journ. Bot. 1: 173.
1842; 85.
A branching vine with thin, cordate, lightly angulate-lobed or
entire leaves, glabrous or more or less asperous, and tiny, racemose
flowers borne on a filiform peduncle 2-3 cm. long; leaves 4-5 cm.
long, nearly as wide; calyx narrowly campanulate, 1.5-2 mm. long;
corolla yellow, with pilose lobes; anthers orbicular; fruit 3-celled,
ovoid, 9-13 mm. long, 6-9 mm. thick. Var. ovata Cogn. has entire
leaves, 6-12 cm. long, 4-9 cm. wide; var. microphylla Cogn. has
leaves to 3 cm. long and peduncles to 2.5 cm. Neg. 27162.
San Martin: Tarapoto, abandoned land, Williams 5595. Cha-
zuta, 260 meters, old clearing, Klug 3989; flowers yellow. Juanjui,
400-800 meters, in clearing, Klug 4329. Tarapoto, Ule 6465.
Rio Acre: Seringal Auristella, Ule 9877. Tumbes: Mountains
362 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
southeast of La Choza, 300 meters, Weberbauer 7727. Junin: La
Merced, in hedgerow, 600 meters, 5263; flowers yellow. Loreto:
Fortaleza, 200 meters, Williams 4412. Lower Rio Nanay, Williams
556. Lima: Chancai, Ruiz & Pavon. (Lesson; var. ovata). South
America to Mexico and West Indies.
Melothria Hookeri Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 3: 588.
1881; 89.
Similar in appearance to M. fluminensis, but the leaves more or
less asperulous-hispidulous above and especially so beneath, more
or less distinctly 3-lobed, the angles of the lobes sharp, the basal
sinus narrow; peduncle 4-7 cm. long; leaves sometimes 10 cm. long,
4-9 cm. wide; calyx broadly campanulate; fruit oblong-fusiform,
acute, 4 cm. long, 1.5 cm. thick.
Huanuco: Cochero, Poeppig 1408. Pampayacu, 1,050 meters,
51 11 (det. Harms). Chanchamayo Valley, 1,200 meters, Schunke
363. Casapi (Mathews 2042). San Martin: Tarapoto, Ule 6548.
Morales, 900 meters, Williams 5652. Bolivia.
11. SICANA Naud.
Closely allied to Calycophysum, but differing in its short cam-
panulate calyx, not at all inflated; the staminate flowers lack the
pistillodium which has been ascribed to the related genus but was
not found by Pittier; cf. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 487. 1922.
Sicana odorifera (Veil.) Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 18: 181.
pi. 8. 1862. Cucurbita odorifera Veil. Fl. Flum. 10: pi. 99. 1827;
ex Roem. Syn. Fasc. 2: 90. 1846. Cucurbita euodicarpa Hassk.
Hort. Bogor. 305. 1858.
A tall, smooth, dark green vine with ample, roundish, 3-lobed,
cordate leaves, the lobes acute or acuminate, undulate, denticulate;
staminate peduncle, 2-4 cm. long; calyx ashy-tomentulose, the tube
6-8 mm. long, the lobes 9-12 mm. long, 5-8 mm. wide; corolla
almost fleshy, tomentulose, the lobes 5-nerved without, 2 cm. long,
10-12 mm. wide; filaments glabrous, 3-5 mm. long, half as long as
the extremely flexuous anthers; fruit generally cylindric or some-
times oblong-ovoid, to 50 cm. long or longer, often much shorter;
seeds about 1 cm. long. Later authorities cite the Hasskarl name
"evodicarpa."
One of the plants growing in Peru first to be commented upon,
for it was described in 1658 by Piso, who at that time found it
much in favor because of its fragrant fruits that were used, as at
FLORA OF PERU 363
present, to scent linen and clothing; and Ruiz and Pavon remarked
its "delightful fragrance," for which it was much used to adorn
altars. It happens that it was the first plant collected by me, for
it was cultivated in the patio of the well known physician and
enthusiastic botanist of Lima, Dr. A. Aspiazu, whose name may
well be mentioned, for he subsequently led me to many other inter-
esting plants. A model of this specimen may be seen in the exhibits
of Field Museum. It is not certain that the species is known in
Peru in a native state.
Loreto: Puerto Arturo, 200 meters, Williams 5223. San Isidro,
Tessmann 4968, 4985. Yarina-cocha, Tessmann 5411. (All det.
Harms.) Lima: Lima, cultivated, 73. San Juan del Oro (near
Canta?) (Baraquin). Without locality, Ruiz & Pavdn. Brazil to
West Indies. "Curua," "curuba," "secana," "upe," "padea,"
"olerero."
12. CALYCOPHYSUM Karst. & Triana
Lianas with monoecious, solitary flowers, the corolla nearly
included in the globose-inflated calyx. Stamens 3, free; anthers
fleshy, one of them 1-celled, the cells flexuous, the broader con-
nective not produced. Ovules many, horizontal. Harms, Notizbl.
Bot. Gart. Berlin 11: 774, remarks that Williams 5037, Lower Rio
Huallaga, peduncles 2-3 cm. long, calyx 3-3.5 cm. long, is probably
new, but the material is too meager for description.
Calycophysum Weberbaueri Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart.
Berlin 11: 773. 1933.
A vine with 3-5-parted tendrils, the angulate-sulcate stems,
petioles (8-10 cm. long), and leaves on the upper surface sparsely
and shortly pubescent or puberulent; leaves broadly cordate-ovate
or cordate-suborbicular, the deep sinus broad or narrow, apically
produced into a slender point, remotely short-denticulate, some-
times obscurely trilobed, thin, densely tomentose beneath, 12-16
cm. long; staminate peduncle short-hirsutulous toward the flower,
stout and 25^40 cm. long; calyx puberulent-hirsutulous, about 3
cm. long, the acuminate lobes 1-1.5 cm. long; tubular portion of the
corolla almost 2.5 cm. long, the oblongish, acute lobes as long;
anthers strongly flexuous. The author suggests a relationship
with C. gracile Cogn. of Colombia and C. villosum (Cogn.) Pittier
of Bolivia, the former with larger flowers and 3-lobed leaves, the
latter with longer pubescence and larger calyx. The type species,
C. pedunculatum Karst. & Triana of Colombia and Ecuador, probably
364 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
extending into Peru, has 3-lobed leaves and a calyx 4-5 cm. long,
its lobes broadly triangular instead of narrowly so as in the other
species.
Cuzco: Lares Valley near Calca, 1,800 meters, Weberbauer 7926.
13. CITRULLUS Neck.
Low, spreading, musk-scented annuals with deeply twice-lobed
or dissected leaves and solitary, monoecious flowers, these rotate-
instead of tubular-campanulate as in the preceding genus, which
is similar otherwise in general characters.
Citrullus vulgaris Schrad. Linnaea 12: 412. 1838; 508.
Stems assurgent, branched, angled; leaves stiff, scabrous, deeply
3-lobed, the lobes pinnately parted, 10 cm. long or much larger;
staminate peduncles villous, twice as long as the villous petioles,
these about equaling the leaves; corolla greenish yellow, villous,
about 3 cm. wide; ovary lanate; fruits about globose, the flesh
sweet to very bitter. The watermelon is the domesticated, culti-
vated form.
Lima: Huara, Ruiz & Pavdn. Loreto: Mishuyacu, 100 meters,
in clearing, Klug 861. Adventive in warm regions from Africa.
"Sandia."
14. LUFFA Adans.
Reference: Cogniaux & Harms, Pflanzenreich IV. 275, pt. 2:
61-75. 1924.
Scandent annuals, the leaves usually 5-7-lobed, the tendrils
rarely simple, the rather large staminate flowers borne in short
racemes on a long peduncle. Calyx campanulate. Petals 5, free.
Stamens 3 or 5, inserted in the tube of the receptacle, the anthers
exserted, their linear cells strongly flexed. Pistillate flowers solitary,
with 3 (-5) staminodia. Fruit smooth or echinate, fibrous within,
3-celled, apically operculate, the many seeds horizontal.
Luff a acutangula (L.) Roxb. Hort. Beng. 70. 1814; 68. Cucu-
mis acutangulus L. Sp. PI. 1011. 1753.
Stems 5-angled, the angles scabrous like the long, stout petioles
and the leaves on both sides, these harshly so, round, palmately
5-7-angled or lobed, often about 20 cm. wide; tendrils usually
trifid; flowers pale yellow, pistillate and staminate in each axil, the
peduncle of the latter to 15 cm. long, bearing 17-20 flowers on
pedicels 1-4 cm. long; sepals lanceolate, carinate, a little longer
FLORA OF PERU 365
than the receptacle; petals 2 cm. long; stamens 3, the filaments
barbed at the base, 3-4 mm. long; ovary and fruit 10-costate, the
fruit 15-30 cm. long, 6-10 cm. thick, the seeds ovate, rugose.
The even more widely established and similar L. cylindrica (L.)
Roem. may be distinguished by its 5 longer filaments and ecostate
fruits, the seeds smooth and margined all around. Illustrated,
Pflanzenreich IV. 275, pt. 2: 66 (habit) and 205 (fruits). Known
in English as the sponge or dish-cloth gourd because of the sponge-
like interior of the fruit, often used like a sponge. The young fruit
serves as a vegetable and the sap, especially from the roots, is a
purgative; cf. Harms, op. cit. 65 and 69, for references regarding
these and other properties.
Loreto: Lower Rio Pisque, Tessmann (det. Harms). Fortaleza,
200 meters, in pasture, Williams 4520. Iquitos, Williams 8219.
San Martin: Rio Mayo, edge of forest, Williams 6253. Ayacucho:
Near Kimpitiriki, 400 meters, in thickets, Killip & Smith 22991.
Native of Asia. "Taco."
Luff a operculata (L.) Cogn. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 4: 12.
pi. 1. 1878; 70. Momordica operculata L. Syst. ed. 10. 1278. 1759.
Rather similar to the preceding species, but the petioles slender,
the leaves less scabrous, the tendrils bifid or simple, the peduncles
5-8 cm. long, 6-10-flowered, the petals 8-10 mm. long, the filaments
2-3 mm. long, the fruits beaked, their 10 costae spinulose, the
brown seeds not margined. Illustrated, Pflanzenreich IV. 275, pt.
2: 70. Cf. Harms, 71-72, who quotes at length from Peckolt re-
garding medicinal properties of this plant, known in Brazil as
"buchinha," "bucha," "buxa," etc., where apparently it has long
had repute as a medicine for general healing and for syphilis. Rai-
mondi noted its use in Peru for washing clothes, "but especially
the head!"
Loreto: Left bank of Rio Maranon, above Rancho Indiana, 110
meters, Mexia 6402. Middle Rio Ucayali, Tessmann 3293 (det.
Harms). Ucayali to Sarayaco and from Supe northward, Raimondi
(det. Harms). Piura: Talara, Haught 19, F150. Rio Acre: Ule
9876 (det. Cogniaux). Tropical and subtropical America. "Espon-
gillo," "jaboncillo."
Regarding the plant Haught gives the following notes: A very
common, annual vine, reaching a height of 10 meters at least when
support is available. When the fruit is ripe, a circular piece about
3 cm. across drops off the apex, and the seeds are gradually shaken
366 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
out by the wind. The fruit is dry, spiny, about 6-8 cm. long by
3-4 cm. across.
15. MOMORDICA L.
Reference: Cogniaux & Harms, Pflanzenreich IV. 275, pt. 2:
8-53. 1924.
The Peruvian species are much branched vines with lobed leaves,
simple tendrils, solitary, large-bracted staminate flowers, and orange-
colored, tubercled or crested fruits. Corolla rotate-campanulate.
Stamens 3, the short filaments free, the flexuous-celled anthers at
first coherent.
Momordica Balsamina L. Sp. PI. 1009. 1753; 28.
Similar to M. Charantia, but the leaves glabrous, often smaller,
4-7 cm. long and wide, deeply 3-5-lobed; peduncles 3-7 cm. long,
bracted at the tip; sepals ovate, acuminate, 6 mm. long, the orange-
yellow petals 15 mm. long; fruit broadly ovoid or subglobose, 3-6 cm.
long. Adventive in warm regions of the New World.
Peru: (According to Cogniaux, Spruce 6461). Africa.
Momordica Charantia L. Sp. PI. 1009. 1753; 24.
Younger branches puberulent; leaves about rotund, deep green,
usually somewhat pubescent on both sides, sometimes 10 cm. long
and broad, pedately 5-7-lobed often nearly to the base, the lobes
dentate or lobulate; staminate peduncle bracted at the middle or
near the base, 5-15 cm. long; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute, 4-6 mm.
long; corolla yellow, the segments 1.5-2 cm. long; fruit oblong, 8-30
cm. long. Illustrated, Pflanzenreich IV. 275, pt. 2: 31. Native of
the Old World but widely distributed in all warm regions and vari-
ously employed locally, especially in medicine; cf. Harms, op. cit.
27-28. The bitter leaves, after parboiling, serve as a vegetable;
the sap from the leaves or fruit may be used as a remedy for fevers,
colic, worms, etc.
Junin: La Merced, 600 meters, in hedgerows on sandy flat, 5321.
Loreto: Iquitos, 120 meters, Williams 7957; at edge of water,
Williams 3683. Recreo, Yurimaguas, in pasture, Williams 3953.
Mishuyacu, in clearing, 100 meters, Klug 48. La Victoria, Williams
2655. Lower Rio Nanay, Williams 268. San Martin: Chazuta,
260 meters, Klug 4042. Generally distributed in tropical America.
"Papayilla."
16. ELATERIUM Jacq.
Reference: Cogniaux in DC. Monogr. Phan. 3: 857-869. 1881.
FLORA OF PERU 367
Herbaceous, perennial vines with cordate leaves and small,
monoecious flowers, the staminate in racemes, the pistillate solitary.
Calyx tube elongate-cylindric, usually 5-parted as also the rotate
corolla, this with narrow, oblong-linear or lanceolate lobes. Stamen
column elongate, terminating in the oblong or globose head of
connate anthers, these with linear, sigmoid-flexuous cells. Ovules
erect, ascending, or horizontal. Fruit small, obliquely ovoid,
gibbous, rostrate, fleshy, 1-many-celled, elastically dehiscent.
Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 256. 1891, changed the generic name, with
reason according to his viewpoint, to Rytidostylis Kuntze.
Peduncles and leaves subequal E. carthaginense.
Peduncles much exceeding the leaves E. amazonicum.
Elaterium amazonicum Mart, ex Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. 2: 55.
1877; 864.
Stems many; petioles 3-15 cm. long; leaves thin, acute, mucro-
nate-denticulate or 3-5-lobed, 9-14 cm. long, 6-11 cm. wide, finely
nerved, the sinus subrotund; staminate peduncles 5-8-flowered,
slender, 15-30 cm. long; calyx tube finally glabrous, nearly linear,
1.5-2 cm. long, 3-4 mm. wide at the tip, the teeth 0.5 mm. long;
petals narrow, white, spreading, 10-13 mm. long; pistillate peduncles
4-8 mm. long, to 2 cm. long in fruit; fruit somewhat hispid with
thickish setae, 2 cm. long, 12-15 mm. thick. The flowers simulate
those of some Apocynaceae. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 4:
pi. 31.
Loreto: Middle Rio Ucayali, Tessmann 3289 (det. Harms, "afiV').
Left bank of Rio Maranon, below Rancho Indiana, 110 meters,
overflowed bank, Mexia 64-60; flowers white. Lower Rio Nanay,
edge of river, Williams 462. Iquitos, edge of river, 120 meters,
Williams 7909. Pebas, Williams 1859. Brazil.
Elaterium carthaginense Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 31. 1760;
859.
A vine, glabrous except for the angulate or more or less 3-5-
lobed, very thin, acute leaves, these merely pustulate or sparsely
short-villous and somewhat scabrous beneath, minutely and remotely
or obscurely denticulate, 7-10 cm. long and nearly as wide; tendrils
2-3-fid; staminate peduncles to 5 cm. long, bearing about a dozen
short-pediceled, glabrous flowers 10-12 mm. long, the petals slightly
longer than the cylindric calyx, this equaled by the stamens; fruiting
peduncles about 1 cm. long or shorter, the long-setose fruits nearly
2.5 cm. long, 1.5 cm. thick. Among other species known from
368 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Ecuador or Brazil is E. gracile (H. & A.) Cogn. with petals much
shorter than the calyx, staminate peduncles and leaves subequal.
Not clearly Peruvian but in all probability occurring; the Ruiz and
Pa von record, however, as shown by the specimen at Madrid,
actually came from Guayaquil.
Peru: Probably. Cuba to Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador.
17. CYCLANTHERA Schrad.
Reference: Cogniaux in DC. Monogr. Phan. 3: 822-857. 1881.
Annual or perennial vines, similar to Elaterium but the calyx
tube shallow or cup-like, the corolla lobes broadly ovate-oblong,
the stamen column short, the anther cells conduplicate or longi-
tudinally dehiscent or often 1 only and horizontally annulate.
Fruit scarcely fleshy. The anthers of all Peruvian species, except
C. macropoda with anthers connate, are reduced to one, 1-celled
and annulate.
Inflorescences not borne from the petiole.
Leaves 3-7-parted to the base, the leaflets sessile but narrowed
below, usually toothed C. pedata.
Leaflets not parted to the base or rarely within 5 mm., the divi-
sions not narrowing.
Leaves strongly 3-lobed, the lateral lobes widely spreading;
peduncle and calyx glabrous C. brachybotrys.
Leaves (adult) 5-lobed; peduncle and calyx puberulent.
C. Siemiradzkii.
Leaves not deeply lobed or, if so, the divisions not widely
spreading.
Leaves 8-15 cm. wide, shallowly 3-lobed, the lobes broadly
ovate C. macropoda.
Leaves smaller, undulate-lobed, dentate, or entire or, if
deeply lobed, the lobes narrow.
Leaves glabrous or essentially so, the pubescence not
tomentose.
Leaves mostly more or less lobed.
Lobes of the leaves long-attenuate; fruits (including the
spines) 2.5 cm. broad or larger C. Killipii.
Lobes of the leaves usually very obtuse; fruits about
1 cm. wide C. Mathewsii.
Leaves mostly subentire C. microcarpa.
FLORA OF PERU 369
Leaves densely tomentose beneath unless in a variety.
C. cordifolia.
Inflorescence borne from the apex of the petiole. . . .C. phyllantha.
Cyclanthera brachbotrys (Poepp. & Endl.) Cogn. Diag.
Cucurb. 2: 73. 1877; 837. Momordica brachybotrys Poepp. & Endl.
Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 54. 1838.
Stems glabrous except for the crisp-puberulent nodes; petioles
2-4 cm. long; leaves more or less 3-lobed, the lobes triangular to
oblongish, acute, the shorter lateral ones divergent, deep green,
with puberulent nerves and a punctate scabrosity above, paler or
ash-colored and scabrous beneath, 7-12 cm. long and somewhat
narrower, nearly truncate basally or with the basal sinus rounded
and 1-1.5 cm. deep and twice as broad; tendrils bifid; staminate
peduncles glabrous, filiform, often floriferous to the base, 1-1.5 cm.
long; pedicels slightly villous, 1-2 mm. long; calyx tube glabrous,
1.5 mm. broad, the teeth obsolete; corolla yellowish; pistillate
flowers subsessile; fruiting peduncle 3-6 cm. long, the strongly
gibbous fruits to 3 cm. long, acute, sparsely echinate with flat
prickles 3-4 mm. long. Sometimes the lateral lobes are appendaged
by a short lobe directed downward. Variable also in the degree
of the obtuse crenation of the leaves, a character which marks the
species; leaf lobes extending to the middle, deeply crenate, var.
genuina Cogn.; leaf lobes short, slightly crenate, var. Achocchilla
(Spruce) Cogn. (Neg. 27130) ; leaves deeply lobed, the lobes obscurely
crenate, var. triloba Cogn.; better marked is the Ecuadorian var.
microphylla Cogn. with more rigid leaves only half as large. C. tomen-
tosa Cogn., if sought here, may be found in a remark under C. cordi-
folia. Negs. 27131, 31070.
Huanuco: Cochero, Poeppig 1691, type. Mito, 2,700 meters,
on stream bank shrubs, 3336; flowers greenish yellow or white.
Huariaca, 2,850 meters, shrubby canyon side, 8100. Huanuco,
Ruiz & Pavdn; var. triloba. Ayacucho: Mountains northeast of
Huanta, shrub wood in moist ravine, 3,100 meters, Weberbauer
7511, 7511a; flowers greenish. Huanta, 2,800 meters, thickets,
Kittip & Smith 23329; fruit bright green; determination somewhat
doubtful. Arequipa: Raimondi (det. Harms). Cuzco: Herrera2251
(det. Harms). Gucai, Urubamba Valley, 3,000 meters, Herrera 1373.
Ollantaitambo, 3,000 meters, Cook & Gilbert 422. San Miguel,
Urubamba Valley, 1,800 meters, Cook & Gilbert 963. "Achoche,"
"monte achocjcha."
370 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Cyclanthera cordifolia Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. 2: 76. 1877; 850.
Slender, the deeply sulcate stems, striate petioles 2-4 cm. long,
bifid tendrils, and greatly elongate, many-flowered peduncles more
or less puberulent to villous; leaves ovate-cordate, short-acuminate,
the basal sinus 5-10 mm. deep and more than twice as broad,
minutely and remotely spinulose-denticulate, typically tomentose
beneath except for the hirsutulous nerves, glabrate and somewhat
scabrous above; staminate flowers very numerous, in branched
racemes to 15 cm. long; calyx 2-2.5 mm. broad, sparsely villous like
the greenish corolla; pistillate flowers twice larger, subsessile; fruit
densely and coarsely prickly. Var. subnuda Cogn., op. cit. 851,
has subglabrous or scarcely tomentose leaves; var. angustifolia
Cogn. Bot. Jahrb. 42: 174. 1908, has leaves nearly twice longer than
broad. C. tomentosa Cogn., 849, similar and perhaps extending into
Peru, native of Bolivia, is distinguishable chiefly by its triangular
or 3-lobed leaves and few 10-30-flowered racemes, much shorter
than the leaves. The related (also Bolivian) C. montana Cogn.
Medd. Rijks Mus. 19: 69. 1913, has petioles to 9 cm. long and
simple tendrils. Negs. 27132, 9067 (var. subnuda).
Cajamarca: Cutervo, Raimondi (det. Harms, as "cf.")- Aya-
cucho: Aina, 750-1,000 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 22772
(det. Harms); perianth yellow-green. Cuzco: Below Pillahuata,
2,000-2,300 meters, in forest, Pennell 14059 (det. Harms); petals
greenish yellow. Puno: Sandia, Weberbauer 623, var. angustifolia;
237. Colombia.
Cyclanthera Killipii Standley, sp. nov.
Scandens herbacea, caulibus gracilibus subangulatis glabratis,
ad nodos paullo incrassatis breviter villosulis, internodiis elongatis;
folia modica breviter petiolata membranacea, petiolo 6-8 mm. longo
sparse villosulo vel fere glabro; lamina 7-9 cm. longa et aequilata
profunde triloba, basi cordata, sinu aperto usque 1 cm. alto, in sicco
fusca utrinque sat dense conspicue pallido-papillosa, subtus ad nervos
sparse villosula, lobis triangulari-oblongis terminali prope basin
paullo angustato, omnibus longe sensimque attenuatis, minute
remote repando-denticulatis, lamina subtus prope basin glandulis
6-8 crateriformibus depressis onusta; racemi masculi axillares
solitarii 3-5 cm. longi laxe multiflori simplices vel furcati, floribus
ad nodos fasciculatis, pedicellis gracilibus glabris ad 4 mm. longis;
calyx glaber; pedunculi feminei axillares solitarii 1-flori in statu
fructifero ad 2 cm. longi; fructus immaturus aculeis inclusis ca.
3 cm. longus atque 2.5 cm. latus glaber ovoideus apice longirostratus,
FLORA OF PERU 371
densissime aculeis crassis longis vestitus. Peru: Pichis Trail, Dos
de Mayo, Dept. Junin, 1,700-1,900 meters, in forest, July, 1929,
E. P. Killip & A.C. Smith 25833 (type in U. S. Nat. Herb.; photo,
in Herb. Field Mus.).
Cyclanthera macropoda (Poepp. & Endl.) Cogn. in DC.
Monogr. Phan. 3: 853. 1881. Momordica macropoda Poepp. & Endl.
Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 54. pi. 173. 1838. Elateriopsis macropoda Cogn.
Diag. Cucurb. 2: 84. 1877.
Among Peruvian species well marked by its obvious instead of
obsolete calyx teeth, these as much as 2 mm. long, and by its connate
anthers; usually also vegetatively by the entire-margined leaves
with 3-5 broadly ovate lobes; tendrils trifid; petioles 5-10 cm.
long; leaf blades glabrous except for a punctate scabrosity; staminate
peduncle 20-30 cm. long, glabrous like the dozen or so pedicels,
these 3-6 mm. long; calyx teeth ovate, connivent at the base; pistil-
late peduncles about 1 cm. long; fruit attenuate to an acute tip,
glabrous, 12-15 cm. long. Compare also C. explodens Naud., under
C. Mathewsii. Neg. 9069.
Huanuco: Tocache, Poeppig 1966, type.
Cyclanthera Mathewsii Arn. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 280. 1841;
846.
Delicate, much branching from the base, glabrous or slightly
villous except the puberulent peduncles, these (staminate) 2-3 cm.
long, with a dozen or more greenish flowers; petioles 2-3 cm. long;
leaf blades pale green on both sides and slightly punctate-scabrous,
3-5-lobed, with entire, oblongish lobes strongly constricted at the
base, rounded at the tips, the blade 3-5 cm. long and broad, with
a basal sinus 3-8 mm. deep; tendrils simple or rarely bifid; pedicels
1-2 mm. long; fruiting peduncles 2-5 mm. long; fruits 12-15 mm.
long, subsessile, scarcely gibbous, merely acute, sparsely short-
prickly; seeds ovoid, little compressed. Var. subintegrifolia Cogn.
has leaves only 5-angled. C. explodens Naud., 841, of Ecuador has
larger, acutely lobed, denticulate leaves, the fruits echinate with
strongly flattened prickles, the seeds compressed. Neg. 27136.
Lima: Amancaes, Mathews 736, type. Matucana, Weberbauer 107.
Near Lima, Abadia; Raimondi. Obrajillo (Wilkes Exped., det.
Gray). Rio Chillon near Viscas, 1,800-2,000 meters, open, rocky
slopes, Pennell 14489, 14485 (det. Harms); corolla deep buff.
Atocongo, 250-500 meters, rocky, limestone slopes, Pennell 14779a
(det. Harms) ; flowers white. San Geronimo, 150 meters, stony slope,
372 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
5895. Lurin, 60 meters, trailing on sandy lomas along the sea, 5924-
Matucana, 2,400 meters, sunny, stony places, 309, 2931. Moque-
hua: Mount Estuquina, 2,000 meters, stony places, Weberbauer 7450;
flowers greenish.
Cyclanthera microcarpa Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. 2: 75. 1877; 847.
Allied and in general similar to C. Mathewsii but with ovate to
oblong, entire leaves, rounded or truncate at the base, acute or acu-
minate; pedicels 3-4 mm. long; fruits very oblique at the rostrate
tip, subglobose-gibbous, 5-7 mm. long, the seeds compressed. Negs.
27137, 27138.
Puno: Sandia, Weberbauer 832 (det. Cogniaux). Lima: Road to
La Oroya, Weberbauer 86 (det. Cogniaux). Huanuco: Ambo, 3175
(det. Harms). Mito, 3279 (det. Harms). Huacachi, sunny bamboo
thicket, flowers deep yellow; leaves oblong; var. oblongifolia Cogn.
in herb., 4074 (det. Harms). Bolivia.
Cyclanthera pedata (L.) Schrad. Ind. Sem. Hort. Goett. 1831;
Linnaea 8: Litt. 23. 1833; 825. Momordica pedata L. Sp. PL 1009.
1753.
The only Peruvian species with digitate leaves, the 5-7 leaflets
sessile or subsessile, lance-oblong, attenuate to the base, the larger
terminal ones 7-15 cm. long and about a third as wide; staminate
flowers paniculate; calyx teeth setaceous, much shorter than the
corolla; fruit sparsely echinate or smooth, rostrate. C. tenuisepala
Cogn., 825, has leaflets half as large, flowers in short racemes,
calyx teeth longer than the corolla, and fruits extraordinarily
echinate; accredited to Peru by Cogniaux, the locality cited by him
is rather in Ecuador. The typical form has a large, smooth, edible
fruit; cultivated for the fruits in Cuzco (Herrera). Illustrated,
Garden 12: 617.
Huanuco: Ruiz & Pavon. Pampayacu and Cochero, Poeppig
1612. Huanuco, 2,100 meters, on weeds along ditch, 3495; fruit
with a cucumber odor. Cajamarca: Casas, Raimondi (det. Harms).
Rio Acre: Ule 9879 (var. edulis, det. Cogniaux). Tumbes:
Hacienda La Choza, 300 meters, deciduous bushwood, Weberbauer
7728; flowers greenish. Plain southeast of Hacienda La Choza,
100-200 meters, Weberbauer 7707.- Piura: El Tablazo northeast of
Talara, Haught Fl34.San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 5963.
San Roque, 1,400 meters, Williams 7624. Without locality: Nee.
Ayacucho: Aina, 750-1,000 meters, in clearing, Killip & Smith
22820; corolla white. Loreto: Mishuyacu, 100 meters, in clearing,
FLORA OF PERU 373
King 247; flowers white, 945. Puerto Arturo, 200 meters, Williams
5247. Bolivia to Mexico. "Caigua," "achoccha," "paigua cima-
rrona," "caizus," "caihua."
Cyclanthera phyllantha Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gard. Berlin
11:776. 1933.
A climbing herb, well marked by the short panicles of greenish
flowers, borne from the tips of the petioles; tendrils bifid; petioles
1-2 cm. long, more or less pilose like the stems and young leaves,
or glabrate; leaves deeply cordate, with a rounded but narrow sinus,
angulately 3-5-lobed, acuminate, remotely short-denticulate, 12-13
cm. long, 8-10 cm. wide; panicle about 1.5 cm. long; many-flowered;
pedicels 3-4 mm. long, or some of them shorter; corolla glabrous,
3-4 mm. broad; anthers circuliform.
Cuzco: Lares Valley, near Calca, in evergreen shrub, 2,200
meters, Weberbauer 7919, type.
Cyclanthera Siemiradzkii Szysz. Diss. Class. Math. Phys.
Acad. Litt. Cracov. 29: 231 (reprint 17). 1894 (as to title page,
but often cited as 1895).
Stems slender, angulate-sulcate, glabrous, slightly pubescent at
the nodes; petioles 6-10 cm. long; adult leaves finely puncticulate-
scabrous and on the nerves of both sides pubescent, 18 cm. long,
17 cm. wide, more or less deeply 5-lobed (the smaller, younger ones
2-3-lobed), the oblong-lanceolate lobes acute, mucronulate, some-
what crenate, the middle one to 15 cm. long, 4 cm. wide, the lateral
to 8 cm. long, 3 cm. wide; basal sinus subrotund; tendrils bifid;
staminate peduncle 5-6 cm. long, pubescent, 30^40-flowered, often
to the base; pedicels often branched; calyx tube pubescent above,
1.5-2 mm. long, the teeth minute or obsolete; corolla yellowish, the
lobes triangular; fruiting peduncle robust, puberulent, the fruit
gibbous, strongly compressed, with many aculeae. "Near C. brachy-
botrys."
Peru: Without locality, but probably Cajamarca (Jelski 314).
18. ECHINOCYSTIS Torr. & Gray
Closely allied to Cyclanthera but the stamens 3, with free or
connate anthers, their cells often flexuous. Fruit operculate or
dehiscent by 1-2 pores or irregularly rupturing, not gibbous. The
section Echinopepon (Naud.) Cogn., containing the Peruvian species,
with fruit 1-2-pored or operculate, is apparently accepted by Harms
as a genus, the species then requiring fruit for determination.
374 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Echinocystis araneosa Griseb. Abh. Ges. Wiss. Goett. 19: 135.
1879; 810. Echinopepon araneosa Cogn. ex Harms, Repert. Sp.
Nov. 19: 171. 1923.
Stems deeply sulcate, with the elongate petioles and staminate
peduncles long-villous with glistening, spreading trichomes; leaves
roundish, cordate, angulately 5-lobed, about 15 cm. long and broad,
sparsely pubescent above, more or less densely short-hirsutulous
beneath; flowers about a dozen, white, 5-8 mm. long, the slightly
shorter calyx silky- villous or tomentose, its teeth 3-4 mm. long;
fruiting peduncle 4-6 mm. long; fruit 4-5 cm. long, lanate like the
very unequal prickles, the larger prickles 3 cm. long or more, the
smaller ones 3-10 mm. long. E. muricata Cogn., known from as
near as Guayaquil in the Ruiz and Pavon collections, has more or
less 3-5-lobed leaves and sparsely pilose fruits. Neg. 9053.
Piura: Right valley of Rio Quiros, Prov. Ayavaca, 1,400 meters,
Weberbauer 6395 (det. Harms). Tumbes: Mountains southeast of
Hacienda La Choza, Weberbauer 7726 (det. Harms as Echinopepon).
Bolivia, Argentina.
19. CAYAPONIA Manso
Reference: Cogniaux in DC. Monogr. Phan. 3: 738-797. 1881.'
Perennial herbs, usually climbing, with generally palmate-lobed
leaves, the flowers variously arranged, only exceptionally dioecious.
Calyx and corolla lobes 5, the tube of the former rarely subcylindric,
of the latter campanulate or rotate. Stamens 3; filaments free;
anthers ordinarily coherent, one of them 1-celled, the cells, unless
at the tip, triplicate. Staminodia minute in the pistillate flower.
Ovary 3-celled or by abortion 1-celled. Stigmas 3, dilated, reflexed.
Fruit globose or ovoid, indehiscent, 1-12-seeded, the erect seeds
compressed. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 255. 1891, employs the name
Arkezostis Raf . ; his names are not cited here, this reference sufficing.
The species are separated with difficulty. The character of the
glands used by Cogniaux as important is apparently to be taken
with caution, since authoritatively named material of C. citrullifolia
sometimes is slightly glandular; therefore this character has been
used as a secondary one in the following key.
Leaves glabrous beneath or essentially so.
Leaves 3-foliolate C. amazonica.
Leaves simple.
Calyx tube about 2 cm. long; leaves eglandular. .C. macrocalyx.
FLORA OF PERU 375
Calyx tube much shorter; leaves with a few sessile glands
beneath near the petiole.
Leaves scabrous above, 3-lobed C. glandulosa.
Leaves not at all scabrous, not lobed C. oppositifolia.
Leaves at least somewhat pubescent beneath and definitely so.
Calyces forming dense, long-setose, more or less aggregated heads.
C. capitata.
Calyces not so arranged nor long-setose.
Leaves lightly pubescent beneath, reticulate, densely white-
tuberculate-scabrous above; ovary by abortion 1-celled, the
fruit 1-seeded, except in C. citrullifolia.
Basal sinus of the leaves open, widely spread, the leaf base
decurrent.
Sepals 5-6 mm. long C. Tessmannii.
Sepals scarcely 3 mm. long C. citrullifolia.
Basal sinus nearly closed, to 1 cm. broad.
Leaves 3-lobed C. Ruizii.
Leaves 5-lobed C. peruviana.
Leaves usually densely pubescent beneath, often not markedly
reticulate or not tuberculate; ovary 3-celled, the fruit
6-12-seeded.
Leaves not lobate C. Smithii.
Leaves lobate.
Calyx obconic, the broad lobes 3-3.5 mm. long; leaves
eglandular.
Leaf reticulation prominent; calyx villous within.
C. citrullifolia.
Leaf nervation obscure; calyx glabrate within.
C. tomentosa.
Calyx campanulate, the lobes only 1-2 mm. long; leaves
glandular beneath near the petiole C. Poeppigii.
Cayaponia amazonica (Poepp. & Endl.) Cogn. in DC. Monogr.
Phan. 3: 797. 1881. Sechium amazonicum Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen.
& Sp. 2: 57. 1838.
Plants large and coarse, sparsely pubescent or glabrate; leaves
large, 3-foliolate, the leaflets coriaceous, acute or acuminate, sessile,
remotely denticulate or almost entire, with conspicuous veins;
376 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
flowers greenish white or white and lilac, large, 4-5 cm. long, pubes-
cent or tomentose; fruit described as being as large as a medium-
sized apple, villous.
Loreto: Rio Napo near Mazan, 110 meters, Mexia 6464; climbing
over tall trees; fruit pale green, elliptic, as large as a small lemon.
Mishuyacu, 100 meters, in forest, Klug 932. Brazil.
Cayaponia capita ta Cogn. ex Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 22:
340. 1926.
Stems sulcate, sparsely pubescent with spreading hairs; petioles
densely villous, 6-9 cm. long; leaves more or less hirsutulous above,
densely short-villous beneath, as much as 20 cm. in length and
width, deeply 3-lobed, even sometimes to the base, the entire lobes
short-acuminate; basal leaf sinus subrectangular, 2-3 cm. deep and
broad; tendrils robust, deeply bifid; staminate flowers in sessile,
many-flowered heads; calyx tube long-setose, nearly cylindric,
rounded at the base, 2 cm. long, equaled by the linear-lanceolate
sepals; petals 5-6 mm. long; stamens glabrous, 7 mm. long, the
anthers coherent. The two outer leaf lobes may sometimes bear
a lateral lobe half as long. The leaf pubescence above is scabrous,
beneath softly villous. The species is allied by the author to C.
podantha Cogn., 753, of Paraguay, with a conic calyx and solitary
or few flowers.
Rio Acre: Seringal Estrella, Ule 9869, type.
Cayaponia citrullifolia (Griseb.) Cogn. in Griseb. Abh. Ges.
Wiss. Goett. 24: 135. 1879; 748. Antagonia citrullifolia Griseb.
op. cit. 19: 145. 1874.
Stems stout, sulcate, like the petioles (about 5 cm. long) and
leaves above scabrous-pubescent; leaves nearly orbicular, ovate at
the deeply or widely cordate base, more than 10 cm. broad, pale
green above, gray-tomentose beneath or glabrate in age, more or
less 3-5-lobed; tendrils bifid; staminate peduncles 4-10 cm. long,
densely short-villous like the broadly campanulate calyx tube, this
glabrate within, more than 1 cm. long, the erect lobes to 3 mm. long,
at least twice as broad; corolla lobes to 2 cm. long, tomentose;
filaments filiform, villous below; pistillate flowers smaller, the calyx
tube 4-5 mm. long; ovary 3-celled, maturing 6-12 seeds. Var.
breviloba Griseb. ex Cogn. has merely 3-5-lobed and entire instead
of palmately parted leaves, the staminate flowers racemose instead
of mostly solitary. Petals green with white edges (Weberbauer).
Neg. 9028.
FLORA OF PERU 377
Piura: Hacienda San Antonio, 1,000 meters, Weberbauer 6017;
the var. (det. Harms). Cuzco: Machupicchu, Soukup 150. Junin:
La Merced, 600 meters, on sunny brush along river, 5490 (det.
Harms). Bolivia, Argentina.
Cayaponia glandulosa (Poepp. & Endl.) Cogn. in DC. Monogr.
Phan. 3: 755. 1881. Bryonia glandulosa Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen.
& Sp. 2: 56. pi. 175. 1838.
Similar to C. Poeppigii, but the leaves glabrous beneath, the
tendrils glabrous and simple; calyx lobes ovate, subequal to the
tube, this rounded at the base, purplish or violet like the fruit,
which attains a length of more than 2 cm. The stems and the
black, asperous, fleshy roots are more or less suffused with violet
within (Poeppig). The flowers are green (Tessmann).
Loreto: Yurimaguas, Poeppig 2211, type. Mouth of Rio San-
tiago, Tessmann 4271 (det. Harms).
Cayaponia macrocalyx Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9:
994. 1926.
Glabrous except for the large flowers, these with somewhat
villous, broadly campanulate calyx tube, to 3 cm. long and nearly
as wide, the deltoid lobes 3 mm. long, and with a villous-velutinous
corolla 1-2 cm. high or more; petioles 4-5 cm. long; leaves about
ovate, cuneately narrowed to the petiole, obtuse or acute, entire
or shallowly lobed, chartaceous, glabrous or glabrate, white-punctic-
ulate above, sometimes about 10 cm. long and broad; tendrils simple;
staminate peduncles axillary, 3-6 cm. long or longer; filaments 3,
short, lanate at the base; stamen column about 12 mm. long.
Described from imperfect material and not placed systematically.
A liana, the stems 5 cm. thick, 10 meters long; calyx green; corolla
whitish without, yellowish within (Tessmann). Large-flowered
species from Amazonian Brazil that might be sought here include
C. coriacea Cogn., 761, and C. Bonplandii Cogn., 796, the former with
bifid tendrils and filiform calyx teeth, the later with trifid tendrils
and trifoliolate leaves. Neg. 9037.
Loreto: Mouth of Rio Santiago, Upper Maranon, by a brook in
flood-free woods, 160 meters, Tessmann 4445, type.
Cayaponia oppositifolia Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9:
994. 1926.
Apparently unique by its opposite, binate or ternate leaves,
these entire, glabrous above, obscurely scabrous beneath, acuminate,
378 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
obtuse or narrowed at the base, 9-18 cm. long, 4-8 cm. wide, on
petioles 2-3 cm. long; staminate flowers in axillary glomerules, on
pedicels to 2.5 cm. long; calyx tube 3-4 cm. long, 1.5-2 cm. wide,
the nearly setaceous teeth 2-3 mm. long; corolla almost 2 cm.
high; filaments 3, somewhat lanate, very short. Not compared by
the author. C. amazonica (P. & E.) Cogn., 797, has leaves almost
trifoliolate and solitary flowers. The collector noted the plant as
a liana of high woods, the calyx green, the corolla without green at
the middle, at the edges whitish, pale green or almost white within.
Neg. 9038.
Loreto: Mouth of Rio Santiago on the Maranon, 160 meters,
Tessmann 4503; and 4869 at Puerto Metendez (type number not
indicated).
Cayaponia peruviana (Poepp. & Endl.) Cogn. in DC. Monogr.
Phan. 3: 795. 1881. Sechium peruvianum Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen.
& Sp. 2: 56. pi. 176. 1838.
Stems deeply striate-sulcate, lightly scabrous-pubescent; petioles
stout, striate, 5-7 cm. long; leaf blades deep green above, finely
white-punctate-scabrous, paler and sparsely puberulent beneath on
the reticulate veins, to 15 cm. long and broad, 5-parted nearly to
the deeply cordate base; tendrils bifid; staminate flowers densely
tomentose, their lobes 5-6 mm. long, the calyx tube more than 2 cm.
long, the flowers usually in short racemes of 3-5, the stout, villous-
tomentose peduncles as long as 10 cm. ; pistillate flowers solitary.
Stems to 60 meters long, tortuous; fruits the size of a small apple,
globular, coriaceous, smooth, green, with white, spongy pulp, the
seed subglobose, somewhat compressed (Poeppig). The ovary is
1-celled and 1-ovuled.
Huanuco: Pampayacu, Poeppig 1506, type.
Cayaponia Poeppigii Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 3: 756. 1881.
Slender, slightly pubescent, especially on the leaves beneath,
these scabrous above, 3-lobed to about the middle, or the upper
more nearly entire, 10-20 cm. long and broad, attenuate to the
petiole at the scarcely even subcordate base, the petiole 4-7 cm.
long; tendrils pubescent, stout, bifid; flowers often several in usually
elongate, pubescent racemes; staminate calyx about 1 cm. long,
the lobes much shorter, the tube acute at the base; corolla lobes
13 mm. long; filaments 3 mm. long, the anthers coherent; ovary 3-
celled; fruit smooth, 1-1.5 cm. long, 6-seeded. The Ecuadorean
C. Andreana Cogn., 757, has less divided leaves, simple tendrils, and
FLORA OF PERU 379
free anthers. Both species are marked by the campanulate calyx
with short teeth 2-3 mm. long. Neg. 9043.
Huanuco: Cochero, Poeppig 1674, type. San Martin: Tarapoto,
Ule 6647; Spruce 4545 (both det. Cogniaux). Loreto: Camani,
Tessmann 3341 (det. Harms). Ranging to Colombia.
Cayaponia psederifolia Standl., sp. nov.
Scandens, caulibus gracilibus striatis glabris vel glabratis, inter-
nodiis elongatis; folia modica crassiuscula ca. 2.5 cm. longe petiolata,
petiolo glabro vel glabrato, lamina 3-foliolata sed ob foliola lateralia
bipartita spurie 5-foliolata; foliola coriacea oblanceolato-oblonga vel
oblonga5.5-13 cm. longa 2.5-4.5 cm. lata acuta velbreviter acuminata,
basin versus vulgo attenuata et sessilia vel brevissime petiolulata, remo-
te obscure repando-denticulata, foliolis lateralibus interdum basi
latere exteriore subrotundatis vel obscure subauriculatis, utrinque
glabra, opaca costa nervisque supra prominulis subtus prominenti-
bus, venulis subtus prominentibus et arctissime reticulatis; flores mas-
culiinaxillisfasciculatigraciliter ad 2.5 cm. longe pedicellati, pedicellis
ut videtur glabris; calyx extus ubique dense minute glanduloso-
scaberulus, tubo late cylindraceo usque 3 cm. longo basi late rotun-
dato vel subtruncato, lobis 5 e basi triangulari subulato-acuminatis
ad 3 mm. longis; corolla viridescens ca. 1 cm. longa extus dense
minute glanduloso-scaberula, lobis triangularibus acutis tubo duplo
longioribus.
San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1,200-1,600 meters,
December, 1933, King 3475 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).
From all other Peruvian species this differs in its apparently
5-foliolate leaves. It is related, probably, to C. coriacea Cogn.,
which might well be expected to occur in Peru. I have seen no
authentic material of C. coriacea, but if Cogniaux's description is
accurate, the present plant is quite distinct.
Cayaponia Ruizii Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 3: 794. 1881.
Apparently allied to C. peruviana, which it resembles in general
character, but the flowers unknown; petioles 3 cm. long; leaf blades
rigid, densely white-tuberculate-scabrous above, the deeply cordate
sinus nearly closed or to 1 cm. wide, the blades 3-lobed, the lateral
lobes spreading; fruiting peduncles axillary, very stout, densely long-
villous, 2.5 cm. long; fruit smooth, lustrous, olivaceous, large.
Neg. 9046.
Huanuco: Vitoc, Ruiz & Pavdn, type.
380 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Cayaponia Smithii Standley, sp. nov.
Scandens, herbacea, caulibus gracilibus sparse vel subdense
villosis, internodiis elongatis sulcatis; folia majuscula breviter petio-
lata subcoriacea, petiolo 2-3 cm. longo ut videtur recurvo densissime
brunneo-villoso ; lamina late ovato-cordata ca. 16 cm. longa atque
11 cm. lata, apice obtusa et breviter cuspidato-acuminata, basi
profunde cordata, sinu aperto sed non lato ca. 3 cm. alto, remote
repando-denticulata, supra in sicco olivacea, sparse breviter pilosa
vel fere glabra, ad costam dense breviter villosa, nervis prominen-
tibus, venulis arctissime reticulatis prominulis, subtus fere concolor
ubique sat dense hispidula, basi trinervia, nervis prominentibus,
venis quoque prominentibus et arete reticulatis; flores feminei
axillares solitarii, pedunculo fructifero gracili ca. 7.5 cm. longo
sparse breviter villoso; fructus globosus sparse villosus ca. 2.5 cm.
diam. apice late rotundatus.
Loreto: Rio Maranon Valley, Rio Morona, 150 meters, in dense
forest, in 1929, E. P. Killip & A. C. Smith 29162 (type in U. S.
Nat. Herb.; photo, in Herb. Field Mus.).
It is quite possible that this plant is referable to some genus
other than Cayaponia.
Cayaponia Tessmannii Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9:
995. 1926.
Very similar vegetatively to the imperfectly known C. Ruizii,
but the leaves 5-lobed; calyx tube urceolate-campanulate, with
scattered, hirsute pubescence without, 3 cm. long or longer, 2.5 cm.
broad; calyx teeth broadly lanceolate, 5-6 mm. long; corolla sparsely
hirsute without, nearly 2 cm. long; filaments densely villous, about
8 mm. long, the anther column 13 mm. long. Flowers yellow,
greenish below, the calyx green (Tessmann). Neg. 9049.
Loreto: Mouth of Rio Apaga, 145 meters, Tessmann 4814,
type. San Martin: Juanjui, 400 meters, in forest, Klug 3913;
flowers greenish yellow.
Cayaponia tomentosa Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 3: 747.
1881.
Related to C. citrullifolia, from which it differs especially in
having the calyx less pubescent without but much more densely
pubescent within and smaller, the tube to 7 mm. long, the ovate
lobes 2-2.5 mm. long; filaments and anthers subequal. The leaves
are softly pubescent beneath ; the calyx lobes of the Madrid specimen
are as much as 3.5 mm. long. Neg. 9051.
FLORA OF PERU 381
Huanuco: Vitoc, Ruiz & Pavdn, type. Casapi (Mathews 2046).
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews. Without locality: Ruiz &
Pavdn 26-9. Loreto: Iquitos, 120 meters, Williams 8118 (det.
Harms). San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 6558, 6046. San Roque,
1,400 meters, Williams 7627. Zepelacio, 1,200-1,600 meters, in
forest, Klug 3479. Ecuador.
20. SELYSIA Cogn.
High-climbing vines with simple or bifid tendrils, 3-lobed or
undivided leaves, and monoecious flowers, the staminate solitary
or fascicled, the pistillate solitary. Sepals 5, minute, the short
calyx tube broadly cupulate. Corolla campanulate. Stamens 3,
free, with linear filaments; anthers suborbicular, one usually 1-celled,
the cells replicate within, curved above, the broad connective not
produced. Fruit baccate, indehiscent, 3-celled, the 6 seeds erect.
Selysia prunifera (Poepp. & Endl.) Cogn. in DC. Monogr.
Phan. 3: 736. 1881. Melothria prunifera Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen.
& Sp. 2: 55. pi. 174. 1838.
Minutely pubescent or glabrate, the cordate, slightly 3-lobed
leaves puberulent on the nerves above and beneath on the reticulate
veins; leaf sinus truncate at the petiole attachment, curved at each
end by the incurved, hook-like basal leaf lobes, 2-3 cm. wide,
3-4 cm. deep, the blade about 15 cm. long and wide; tendrils bifid;
staminate flowers geminate or ternate, the villous peduncle 1-3 cm.
long; calyx more pubescent within, 4 mm. long, nearly twice as
broad, the teeth 1 mm. high; corolla white, tomentose within, the
lanceolate lobes 15 mm. long; pistillate peduncle to 8 cm. long, the
lustrous, smooth fruit becoming 4 cm. long. The Colombian species
S. cordata Cogn. has entire, scarcely cordate leaves, simple tendrils,
and sepals 5-6 mm. long.
Loreto: Mainas at Yurimaguas, Poeppig, type. Santa Rosa,
135 meters, in dense forest, Killip & Smith 28846; buds yellowish
green. Yurimaguas, 135 meters, in forest, Killip & Smith 28315,
fruit red; in forest, Williams 4580. Fortaleza, 200 meters', in forest,
Williams 4256.
21. CUCUMIS L.
Plants annual or perennial, usually prostrate, commonly hispid
or scaberulous; leaves angulate, dentate, or palmately lobate;
flowers monoecious, usually small and yellow; staminate flowers
fasciculate or rarely solitary, the receptacle campanulate or turbi-
382 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
nate, the corolla rotate or subcampanulate, the segments acute;
stamens 3, free, the anthers oblong; pistillate flowers solitary; fruit
fleshy and indehiscent, many-seeded. To this genus belong the
cucumber, C. sativus L., and the muskmelon or canteloupe, C.
Melo L.
Leaf blades deeply lobate; fruit long-pedunculate, sparsely short-
spiny C. Anguria.
Leaf blades shallowly or not at all lobate; fruit short-pedunculate,
densely covered with long, soft spines C. dipsaceus.
Cucumis Anguria L. Sp. PI. 1011. 1753.
Plants annual, the prostrate stems hispid; leaves long-petiolate,
the blades 5-10 cm. long, deeply 5-lobate, the segments rounded or
obtuse at the apex, rough-hispid; corolla yellow, 1 cm. broad; fruit
ovoid, as large as a hen's egg, covered with scattered, short, stout
spines. Illustrated, Bot. Mag. pi. 5817; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
8: pi 33.
Loreto: Pinto-cocha, Williams 1280. Caballo-cocha, Williams
2496. Mishuyacu, 100 meters, King 827. San Martin: Morales,
edge of forest, Williams 5695. Juanjui, 400-800 meters, river bank,
King 4359. Texas to Brazil. "Mashishi."
Cucumis dipsaceus Ehrenb. in Spach, Hist. Nat. Phan. 6:
211. 1838.
Plants annual, prostrate, covered with an abundant pubescence
of rather thick, rough hairs; leaves long-petiolate, the blades semi-
orbicular or reniform-cordate, rounded at the apex, 5-nerved,
usually simple but sometimes rather deeply lobate, 5-10 cm. long
and wide; corolla of the staminate flower yellow, villous, 8-9 mm.
long; fruit pale yellowish, ovoid-cylindric, 3-5 cm. long, covered
with soft spines 5-7 mm. long.
Lima: Lima, roadsides, 150 meters, 55. Piura: Talara, Haught
F94, 106. A native of Africa, occasionally introduced in America.
"Jabonilla," "friega-mata."
The first vernacular name cited is derived from the fact that
the fruit makes a copious lather when rubbed in water.
22. SECHIUM P. Br. Chayote
The genus consists of a single species.
Sechium edule Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1150. 1800.
Plants scandent, perennial from large, tuberous roots, glabrous
or nearly so; leaves long-petiolate, large, somewhat scabrous, the
FLORA OF PERU 383
blades deeply cordate at the base, angulate or shallowly lobate, the
lobes entire or remotely denticulate; staminate flowers racemose,
on greatly elongate peduncles, the flowers fasciculate along the
rachis; corolla greenish, 12-17 mm. wide, deeply lobate; fruit almost
as large as a pear, green, 5-sulcate, smooth or covered with spine-
like tubercles.
Huanuco: Pampayacu, escaped and growing over trees about
dwellings, 1,050 meters, 5104- Widely distributed in cultivation
in tropical America; an American plant, but its original habitat
uncertain. "Gayota."
The chayote is much grown in tropical America for its large,
1-seeded fruits, which are a popular vegetable in many regions,
being eaten when cooked. The young shoots are sometimes cooked
and eaten, and the large roots are employed for preparing sweetmeats.
23. LAGENARIA Ser.
The genus consists of a single species.
Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 3: 435.
1930. Cucurbita Lagenaria L. Sp. PI. 1010. 1753. C. siceraria Mol.
Sagg. Chil. 133. 1782. L. vulgaris Ser. Me"m. Soc. Geneve 3, pt. 1:
25. 1825. L. leucantha Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 6: 43. 1896.
A large, essentially annual vine, softly pubescent throughout;
leaves large, long-petiolate, the blades cordate-rounded, angulate
or somewhat lobate, rounded to acuminate at the apex; receptacle
of the staminate flower 2-3 cm. long, the petals white, crispate,
3-4 cm. long; ovary dense villous; fruits very variable in form, with
a thick, hard shell.
Cuzco: Valle de San Miguel, 2,200 meters, Herrera 1993. Uru-
bamba Valley, 1,800 meters, Cook & Gilbert 877. Probably native
of tropical Africa and Asia, but naturalized in many parts of America.
The large, hard fruits are much used in tropical America for
making kitchen utensils, especially dippers and large spoons. The
young, tender fruits often are cooked and eaten as a vegetable.
CAMPANULACEAE. Bellflower Family
By Franz Elfried Wimmer, Vienna
References: A. DeCandolle, Monographic des Campanulace'es,
1830; Engler & Prantl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. IV. 5: 40-70. 1889.
Annual or perennial herbs or shrubs, rarely arborescent, often
with milky juice. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, without stipules.
Flowers perfect or rarely unisexual, solitary or arranged in panicles,
384 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
racemes, or spikes, regular or symmetric, mostly 5-lobed, rarely
more or less articulate. Lobes of the calyx distinct. Corolla gamo-
petalous, bell- or funnel-shaped or tubular, rarely with distinct
petals, its tube entire or deeply cleft on one side, the lobes valvate
in bud. Stamens as many as the corolla lobes, adnate to the corolla
tube or free from it (epipetalous or epigynous), distinct or connate.
Anthers free from each other or connate. Ovary inferior (very
rarely superior), of 2-5 united carpels, single, 2-5-celled, or the cells
rarely more or 1. Style 1, the stigma lobes as many as the ovary
cells. Ovules mostly numerous, anatropous, on a central placenta,
very rarely on parietal placentae. Fruit a dehiscent capsule or a
berry. Seeds small, with a straight embryo in fleshy endosperm.
Very few Campanulaceae are found in Peru except the subfamily
Lobelioideae, that is distributed with many species particularly in
the alpine region of the Andes. Otherwise the family is chiefly in
the temperate zone.
Flowers actinomorphic, the corolla bell-, funnel-, or wheel-shaped,
mostly 5-lobed; anthers distinct . . I. Subfam. Campanuloideae.
Ovary 3-5- or rarely 2-celled, above rather plane; capsule opening
by lateral pores 1. Campanulinae.
Ovary mostly 3-5- or rarely 2-celled, at the summit mostly
conically elongate; capsule dehiscent at the apex by 2-5
valves 2. Wahlenberginae.
Ovary only 2-celled; capsule dehiscent by a broad operculum;
flowers in a dense, continuous spike Sphenoclea.
Flowers zygomorphic, the corolla tubular, with 5 unequal lobes,
often 2-lipped; anthers always connate in a cylindric tube.
II. Subfam. Lobelioideae.
Ovary at the top rather plane; fruit a berry 1. Bacciferae.
Ovary at the apex conical; fruit a capsule 2. Capsuliferae.
Capsule dehiscent by 2 valves at the top; corolla distinctly
2-lipped, the 2 upper lobes mostly smaller. .1. Lobelinae.
Capsule opening by an operculum at the apex; corolla
limb unequally 5-lobed, the upper lobes longer than
the lower. Dwarf, cespitose plants of the uppermost
region 2. Lysipominae.
1. Campanuloideae-Campanulinae
Herbs, rarely shrubby plants. Filaments free from the corolla.
Anthers separate or sometimes attached. Style always with col-
FLORA OF PERU 385
lecting hairs. Ovary inferior; placentae central. In Peru only the
following genus.
1. SPECULARIA (Heist.) Fabr.
Annual herbs with alternate leaves. Flowers sessile or very
nearly so, axillary and 2-bracted or the upper panicled, the earlier
smaller and cleistogamous. Calyx 5- or 3-4-lobed. Corolla rotate,
5-lobed, blue or purplish. Stamens 5, distinct, the flat filaments
shorter than the 5 free anthers. Stigma usually 3-lobed. Ovary
3-celled, rarely 2-4-celled; ovules numerous. Capsule slender-
cylindric or prismatic, opening by 3 lateral valves. Seeds ovoid,
oblong, or lenticular. About 10 species, natives of the northern
hemisphere, one extending into South America.
Specularia biflora (R. & P.) Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort.
Petrop. 1: 17. 1835. Campanula biflora R. & P. Fl. 2: 55. pi. 200,
f. b. 1799. Legouzia biflora Britton, Mem. Torrey Club 5: 309.
1894; Britt. & Brown, 111. Fl. 3: 256. /. 1898. Specularia perfoliata
A. DC. Monogr. Camp. 351. 1830, p. p.
An erect herb, simple or ramose from near the base, the stems
hispid on the angles, 10-35 cm. high; leaves sessile, broadly ovate
to oblong, 6-20 mm. long, rounded to acute at the apex, crenate with
a few teeth or nearly entire, glabrous or sparsely hispid beneath;
flowers in 2's or solitary in the axils; hypanthium obconic-cylindric,
short-hispid or glabrous, with 3-5 ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate, en-
tire sepals 2-5 mm. long; corolla blue, 5-parted, 5-7 mm. long,
the lobes oblong; capsule oblong-cylindric, 4-6 mm. long, 3-locular,
opening by valves close under the calyx lobes. Neg. 29455.
Lima: Provinces of Cercado, Canta, and Chancai, in sandy hills
(Ruiz & Pavdn). Without locality, Dombey -4#5(?). Elsewhere
distributed from Patagonia, 41 S. Lat., to Virginia.
From the very similar Specularia perfoliata (L.) A. DC. this
differs by the clasping leaves, more flowers in the axils of the leaves,
and the capsule, in which the 3 pores are placed at about the middle.
2. Campanuloideae-Wahlenberginae
Herbs or suffruticose plants. Leaves alternate or opposite.
Corolla mostly campanulate, more rarely funnel-shaped or eleu-
theropetalous. Filaments mostly free and dilated to the base.
Anthers usually free. Style with collecting hairs or with viscid
glands. Ovary mostly 3-5-celled, rarely 2-celled; ovules on a central
386 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
placenta, sometimes superior. Occurring especially in the southern
hemisphere of the Old World. In Peru only the following genus.
2. WAHLENBERGIA Schrad.
Calyx with 5-3 lobes. Corolla campanulate or tubular, more or
less deeply 5-3-lobed. Stamens 5-3, distinct. Style pilose, espe-
cially in the upper part, with 5-2 narrow lobes. Ovary inferior or
half-inferior, 5-2-locular. Capsule dehiscent at the summit by as
many valves as cells. Abundant particularly in South Africa, but
there are only 12 species in South America, 4 of which have been
found in Peru.
Plants prostrate; leaves spatulate-oblong; capsule with 3 valves.
Corolla 5 mm. long; leaves inconspicuously denticulate to the base;
stems mostly sparsely pubescent 4. W. peruviana.
Corolla 9 mm. long; leaves and sepals distinctly denticulate;
plant glabrous 5. W. urcosensis.
Plants ascending to erect.
Leaves opposite, only a few of the uppermost leaves alternate;
hypanthium hemispheric; stigma 3-lobate. . .2. W. globularis.
All leaves alternate; hypanthium obconic; stigma 2-lobate.
Leaves linear 3. W. linarioides.
Leaves lanceolate to elliptic 1. W. arida.
1. Wahlenbergia arida (HBK.) Griseb. Goett. Abh. 19: 200.
1874. Campanula arida HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 301. 1819.
W. linarioides var. arida A. DC. Monogr. Camp. 158. 1830. W. caly-
cina Lechler, PI. Peruv. No. 1816 (nomen!).
Stem scabrous; leaves lanceolate; calyx lobes more than twice
shorter than the ovary, 4-5 times shorter than the capsule and as
long as the 5-parted corolla, this 5 mm. long; capsule cylindric,
attenuate at the base, 12-17 mm. long. W. calycina differs only
by the leaves, which are elliptic or elliptic-oblong, and half as long
or shorter. Description according to Grisebach.
Peru: Lechler 1816 (type of W. calycina Schlecht.). Ecuador;
Bolivia.
2. Wahlenbergia globularis E. Wimm., sp. nov.
Caules ramosi, circiter 30 cm. alti, graciles, striati, inferne
defoliati, reverse strigulosi, superne glabrati; folia opposita, superne
nonnullis alternantibus, lanceolato-linearia, 10 mm. longa et vix
2 mm. lata, obtusiuscula, basi angustata et breviter petiolata vel
FLORA OF PERU 387
sessilia, margine plerumque 3 denticulis antrorsum versus, supra
glabra et nitentia, subtus parce strigosa; rami et ramuli superne
nudi, uni- vel pauciflori; pedicelli glabri, 25-30 mm. longi, bractea
foliacea multo longiores; hypanthium hemisphericum, glabrum, 3 mm.
fere longum et 4 mm. latum; lobi calycini anguste triangulares, ob-
tusiusculi, basin versus 1-2 denticulis muniti, erecti, 4 mm. longi,
sinus inter eos plani; corolla campanulata, 11 mm. longa, alba,
glabra, tubus corollae ca. 3 mm. longus, lobi oblongi, subacuti,
7 mm. longi et 3 mm. lati; stamina 5 libera 5 mm. longa; filamenta
supra basin ovatam et ciliolatam filiformia, deflexa et iterum erecta;
antherae anguste triangulares, 2.5 mm. longae; stylus 7 mm. longus,
versus apicem parum incrassatus et strigosulus, corollae ca. % longi-
tudinem adaequans; stigmatis lobi 3 lineares, obtusi, duplo fere longi-
ores quam latiores, patentes; capsula 3-locularis globosa.
Peru: Weberbauer 7001 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).'
3. Wahlenbergia linarioides (Lam.) A. DC. Monogr. Camp.
158. 1830. Campanula linarioides Lam. Encycl. 1: 580. 1783. C.
chilensis Mol. Sagg. Chile ed. 2. 281. 1810. Breweria linifolia Spreng.
Syst. 1: 614. 1825; Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 4: 183. pi. 49, f. L 1885.
Suffrutescent, 34-55 cm. high, cespitose, glabrous or puberulent;
branches simple, erect; leaves sessile, stiff, linear or somewhat
dilated to the tip, acuminate, often subdenticulate, 5-17 mm. long,
0.6-4 mm. wide; inflorescence panicled; peduncles pseudodichot-
omous, much longer than the subtending leaves, the branchlets
1-3-flowered, 25-100 mm. long; pedicels erect, 4-10 mm. long;
hypanthium obconic-elongate; sepals triangular, acuminate, dentic-
ulate or entire, 2-3 mm. long; corolla funnel-shaped, divided nearly
to the middle, 5-6 mm. long, white, distally light blue, the lobes
ovate, acute, spreading; stamens 2.5 mm. long; style 5 mm. long,
with bilobed stigma; capsule cylindric-obconic, 10-ribbed, bilocular,
dehiscent at the apex by 2 obtuse valves; seeds lenticular, glossy,
1 mm. long.
Peru: Probably occurring. Brazil, Uruguay to Chile, Ecuador.
3a. Wahlenbergia linarioides var. filiformis (R. & P.) A.
DC. loc. cit. Campanula filiformis R. & P. Fl. 2: 55. pi. 200c. 1799.
Leaves linear, shorter, obtuse, denticulate below, entire above;
inflorescence terminal, 3-flowered.
Peru:.Without locality, Ruiz & Pavon. Chile.
4. Wahlenbergia peruviana Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 152.
1861; Engler & Drude, Veg. Erde 12: 204. /. 37. 1911.
388 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
A small, prostrate, perennial herb, subglabrous or pubescent;
leaves alternate, with narrowed, mostly ciliate, subsessile base,
spatulate-oblong, 5 mm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, subacute to obtuse,
obsoletely denticulate, the uppermost leaves subtending the flowers;
flowers solitary-terminal or corymbose; hypanthium broadly
turbinate, sparsely pubescent; sepals 5, foliaceous, oblong, acute,
3 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, glabrous, ciliate at the base; corolla cam-
panulate, light blue, 4-6 mm. long, the lobes oblong-acute, 2 mm.
long; filaments 1.5 mm. long, expanded to the base from the middle;
anthers 0.8 mm. long.
Huanuco: Above Bafios in the Andes (A. Gray). Libertad:
Prov. Santiago de Chuco, above the Hacienda Angasmarca, 3,300
meters, Weberbauer 7199. Also in Bolivia.
5. Wahtenbergia urcosensis E. Wimm., sp. nov.
Herba perennis, humilis, prostrata, glabra, multicaulis; folia
alterna, approximata, brevipetiolata, lamina spathulato-oblonga,
5 mm. longa, obtusa, basi attenuata, margine denticulis 2-3 utrinque;
flos solitarius, terminalis, folia summa florem fulcrantia; hypanthium
late turbinatum, glabrum; sepala oblonga, foliacea, denticulata,
3-4 mm. longa; corolla campanulata, caerulescenti-alba, 9 mm.
longa, tubus 3 mm. longus, lobi 5 oblongi, subacuti, 6 mm. longi,
2.5 mm. lati, antherae inter lobos prospicientes; filamenta a vertice
usque ad basin sensim dilatata, 2 mm. longa; antherae 5 anguste
conicae, 1.5 mm. longae; stylus 4.5 mm. longus, stigma trilobum;
capsula ovoidea, apice valvis 3 dehiscens.
Cuzco: Prov. Quispicanchi, Vilcanota Valley near Urcos, 3,800
meters, low grass steppe with isolated shrubs, Weberbauer 7884-
(type in Herb. Field Mus.).
3. SPHENOCLEA Gaertn.
Hypanthium adnate to the ovary, broadly hemispheric, the
limb 5-parted. Estivation of the flower lobes imbricate. Corolla
campanulate, the tube short, the 5 segments broad, incurved. Fila-
ments short, dilated and adnate to the base of the corolla, the 5
anthers free. Style very short, the stigma short-bifid, smooth.
Ovary 2-celled; placentae 2, stipitate; ovules numerous. Capsule
broadly hemispheric, dehiscent by a nearly flat operculum below
the calyx lobes. An annual, fleshy, erect herb. A genuswith one
species, widely distributed in the tropics of both hemispheres, in
damp places.
FLORA OF PERU 389
Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn. Fruct. 1: 113. pi. 24. 1788.
Rapinia hcrbacea Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 127. 1790. Gaertnera Pongati
Retz. Obs. Bot. 6: 24. 1791. Pongatium indicum Lam. 111. 1: 444.
1791. P. spongiosum Blanco, Fl. Filipin. 86. 1837. S. Pongatium
A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 7: 548. 1839.
An erect, fleshy, glabrous herb, 30-80 cm. tall; leaves lanceolate
to elliptic, 5-7 cm. long, 0.8-3 cm. wide, entire, obtuse or acute,
narrowed at the base into a petiole 3-10 mm. long; flower spike on
a peduncle of 2-7 cm., the axis thick, 2-6 cm. long; corolla greenish
yellow, broadly tubular, 5 mm. long and wide, the 5 lobes broadly
ovate, acute, about 1 mm. long.
Peru-Colombia Boundary: Rio Putumayo, swamp in forest,
Klug 1615. Brazil and Ecuador to the West Indies, Africa, and Asia.
II. LOBELIOIDEAE
Annual or perennial herbs or shrubs, rarely arborescent. Leaves
alternate, generally simple, petioled. Flowers perfect rarely di-
oecious, solitary in the axils of the leaves or bracts, often arranged
in racemes or corymbs, very rarely in cymes, pedicellate. Calyx
(hypanthium) adherent to the ovary, with 5 distinct sepals, these
often somewhat unequal. Corolla irregular, tubular, very rarely
nearly regular and almost eleutheropetalous, the tube entire or
split on the upper side to or nearly to the base, straight or curved,
the limb unequally 5-lobed and mostly 2-lipped; upper lip 2-lobed,
the lower lip 3-lobed, rarely all the lobes separating at last to the
base. Stamens 5, epigynous or epipetalous; filaments wholly or
partly connate into a tube; anthers always united into a cylindric
tube, this pilose or naked at the orifice or mostly the 2 lower anthers
barbate. Gynoecium of 2 carpels. Ovary 2-celled, very rarely 1-
celled. Styles terminal and wholly united into a narrow tube;
stigma bilobed. Fruit a dehiscent capsule or a fleshy or dry berry.
Seeds numerous, very small (0.4-1 mm.), smooth or scrobiculate.
Occurring in all five continents. The centers of distribution are the
mountains of Central and South America, South Africa, and the
Hawaiian Islands. A number of species are employed as ornamentals
and several find use in medicine; the berries and leaves of some are
eaten. We know at present about 1,000 species, distributed into
23 genera, of which 7 with 182 species are found in Peru.
Corolla tube cleft at the back, the limb mostly 2-lipped; fruit a
capsule, dehiscent at the apex by 2 valves 9. Lobelia.
390 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Corolla tube entire, the limb often unequally 5-lobed, more rarely
2-lipped.
Slender and small herbs, 2-50 cm. high, cespitose or creeping
or erect.
Dwarf, creeping plants; leaves reniform to roundish-ovate,
long-petioled; fruit a berry 4. Hypsela.
Small, cespitose or moss-like plants; leaves rosulate or imbri-
cate, linear, lanceolate, triangular, or linear-spatulate;
fruit a capsule, dehiscent at the apex by an operculum.
10. Lysipomia.
Erect herbs; lower leaves ovate, the others gradually narrowed,
oblong to linear; fruit a capsule, dehiscent by 2 valves at
the apex 8. Laurentia.
Stronger, erect to climbing, suffrutescent plants or shrubs, rarely
herbs, 0.5-4 meters high; corolla 2-7 cm. long.
Filaments epigynous or adnate at the base of the corolla; anther
tube at the orifice obliquely open and softly pilose or naked
or the 2 lower anthers at the apex villous-barbate. Fruit
a berry, often inflated 5. Burmeistera.
Filaments adnate to the corolla above the constricted part,
rarely free from the corolla and then the corolla tube nearly
equally broad; anther tube narrowed at the orifice, the 2
lower anthers cornute or barbate; corolla 2-7 cm. long and
usually showy.
Fruit a globose or ovoid berry, crowned with the sepals.
6. Centropogon.
Fruit a capsule, dehiscent at the summit by the 2 valves,
surrounded by the sepals 7. Siphocampylus.
1. Lobelioideae-Bacciferae
4. HYPSELA Presl
Hypanthium obconic, enervate; sepals 5, triangular. Corolla
tubular, the tube entire, cylindric, the limb 5-lobed, somewhat
bilabiate. Two lower anthers terminated by 2 bristles and some
shorter hairs. Stigma bilobed, the lobes roundish, divaricate.
Berry dry, 2-locular, many-seeded, crowned by the connivent
sepals. Only one species is known.
Hypsela reniformis (HBK.) Presl, Prodr. Lobel. 45. 1836.
Lysipomia reniformis HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 320. pi. 266, f. 2.
FLORA OF PERU 391
1819. L. reniforme A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 7: 350. 1839. Pratia lon-
giflora Hook. f. Fl. Antarct. 2: 325. 1847. P. repens, P. oligophylla,
P. subsessilis Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 9-10. pi. 45. 1857. P. atacamen-
sis Phil. Fl. Atacam. 34. 1860. P. pencana Phil. Anal. Univ. Chil.
53. 1861. H. oligophylla Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. 2: 550. 1876.
A dwarf herb, rooting, glabrous, densely cespitose; leaves long-
petioled, roundish-ovate to oval, 2-7 mm. long and broad; peduncle
solitary, axillary, shorter than the petiole, this 1-5 mm. long. Calyx
lobes triangular, acute, 1.3 mm. long. Corolla white, barely tinted
with a pinkish lavender shade, 8-10 mm. long, the tube slightly
funnel-shaped, the lobes lanceolate, 3-5 mm. long. Filaments not
adnate; anthers dark violet. It may be noted that the fruit is a
real berry and not dehiscent. The genus is distinguished from
Pratia only by its entire corolla tube.
Arequipa: Arequipa and Malapata, 2,000 meters, Guenther &
Buchtien 1597, 1837, 1888Cuzco: La Raya, wet moor, 4,300^4,500
meters, Pennell 13502. Junin: Cerro de Pasco, 4,600 meters, 2397.
Hacienda Arapa near Yauli, marshy mats, 4,400 meters, Weberbauer
295. La Oroya, mat on a brook, 3,900 meters, Weberbauer. Mo-
quehua: Near Volcan Ticsani, Carumas, 4,000 meters, Weberbauer
7328. Mathews 910. Puno: Lake Titicaca, on shore, Mandon 489.
Near Puno, 4,000 meters, Soukup 100. Extending from Ecuador to
Argentina and in Chile to the Strait of Magellan (Lechler 1214).
5. BURMEISTERA Karst. & Triana
Reference: Wimmer, Repert. Sp. Nov. 30: 1-52. ill. 1932.
Stout herbs or suffrutescent plants or shrubs, erect or climbing,
sometimes epiphytic. Leaves alternate, entire. Flowers peduncled,
solitary in the axils of the upper leaves, very rarely corymbose.
Corolla greenish to yellowish, rarely brown-purplish, 14-35 mm.
long, its tube entire, straight, at base and throat more or less in-
flated, at the middle narrowed (corolla form a), or rarely the tube
from base to limb nearly equally wide (corolla form b) ; limb 5-lobed,
the lower lobes shorter than the upper and more deeply separated,
all deflexed. Stamens 5, completely connate and exserted, not ad-
nate to the corolla or only at the base. Anther tube cylindric, sub-
curved, at the orifice somewhat widened and obliquely cut, all around
softly pilose or (rarely) naked or only the 2 lower anthers villous-
barbate. Stigma bilobed, the lobes roundish. Berry subglobose
to oblong, often inflated, crowned by the sepals. Seeds numerous,
brown, shining, hardly 1 mm. in diameter. Occurring from Guate-
392 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
mala to Peru in the Andean mountains on brooks, in humid valleys,
and in forests. Of the 70 known species 6 are found in Peru.
Anther tube around the orifice softly pilose or naked ... 1. Imberbes.
Corolla tube narrow cylindric, 4 mm. in diameter, under the
inflated limb somewhat constricted, the lobes unequal, falcate,
deflexed. Glabrous; leaves oblong, 11 cm. long, 3 cm. wide,
at both ends acute, unequally dentate; sepals subulate,
spreading, 4-5 mm. long 4. B. ramosa.
Corolla tube widely cylindric, 8 mm. in diameter, 14 mm. long,
the limb hardly inflated, the lobes falcate, 10 mm. long.
Sepals sublinear, suberect, 12 mm. long; leaves oblong-ovate,
acute, 7.5 cm. long, 4 cm. wide 5. B. tricolorata.
Sepals lance-triangular, spreading, 8-10 mm. long, 4 mm. broad
at the base; leaves lance-ovate, acuminate-cuspidate, 7
cm. long, 1.8 cm. wide 6. B. Weberbaueri.
Two lower anthers barbate at the tip; plants ferruginous-stellate-
tomentose II. Barbatae.
Leaves lanceolate, 10-17 cm. long, 1.5-3 cm. wide, acute at both
ends 2. B. macrocarpa.
Leaves oblong to elliptic-oblong, 12 cm. long, 4.6 cm. wide,
acuminate at both ends; sepals linear, 35-40 mm. long.
3. B. peruviana.
Leaves elliptic, 12 cm. long, 5.5 cm. wide, short-acuminate, acute
at the base; pedicels 7 cm. long (in fruit to 12 cm. long).
1. B. asteriscus.
1. Burmeistera asteriscus E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 38: 5.
1935.
Suffrutescent, ochreous-stePate-tomentose; petioles 15-20 cm.
long; leaves elliptic, acuminate, obtuse at the base, densely callous-
denticulate, 8.5-12 cm. long, 3.5-5.5 cm. wide, rough above, slightly
and on the veins densely tomentose beneath; peduncles axillary,
floccose, 7 cm. long, near the base with 2 subulate bractlets; hypan-
thium semi-ellipsoid, 12 mm. long, 10 mm. wide; sepals lanceolate,
callous-denticulate, subglabrous, 16-18 mm. long; corolla 20 mm.
long, greenish yellow(?), the lobes sublinear, 12-7 mm. long; fila-
ments glabrous, 32 mm. long; anther tube 8 mm. long, pilose on the
sutures, the 2 lower anthers barbate at the apex.
Cuzco: Forest above Pillahuata, Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 2,200-
2,400 meters, Pennell 13959, type.
FLORA OF PERU 393
2. Burmeistera macrocarpa (A. Zahlbr.) E. Wimm. Repert.
Sp. Nov. 30: 41. pi. 125, f. 40. 1932. Centropogon macrocarpus A.
Zahlbr. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 452. 1906.
A shrub 2 meters high, throughout ferruginous-stellate-pilose;
leaves lanceolate, 15 cm. long, 2.5 cm. wide, subacuminate, nar-
rowed at the base into a petiole 7-10 mm. long, callous-denticulate;
flowers solitary, axillary, often corymbose at the summit; pe-
duncles 7-10 cm. long, with 2 bractlets at the base; hypanthium
obconic-oblong, 20 mm. long and 9 mm. broad; sepals narrowly
triangular, denticulate, erect, 15-16 mm. long; corolla greenish,
sparsely pilose, 3 cm. long, the tube 14 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, the
lobes unequal, falcate, 20-8 mm. long; anther tube pilose on the
basal part, otherwise glabrous, 11 mm. long, the 2 lower anthers
barbate; berry ovoid, 5 cm. long, 3 cm. wide. Neg. 30990.
Huanuco: Huamalies, in the mountains south of Monzon, 3,400
meters, Weberbauer 3344, type.
3. Burmeistera peruviana E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 38: 5.
1935.
Suffrutescent, ochreous-tomentose; leaves oblong, 16 cm. long,
4.5 cm. wide, acuminate-cuspidate, at the base acute and narrowed
into a petiole 15 mm. long, callous-denticulate; flowers solitary in
the axils; peduncles 12-15 cm. long, with 2 subulate bractlets near
the base; hypanthium cylindric-oblong, 3 cm. long, 1.2 cm. wide;
sepals linear, denticulate, spreading, 35-40 mm. long; corolla green-
ish yellow, 25 mm. long; berry ovoid, 35 mm. long, 26 mm. wide.
Cuzco: Pillahuata, Cerro de Cusilluyoc, in thicket, 3,200 meters,
Pennell 14138, type.
4. Burmeistera ramosa E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 30: 16.
pi. 124, f- 17. 1932.
Suffrutescent, glabrous, branching, epiphytic (only ?) ; petioles
10 mm. long; peduncles nearly 6 cm. long; flowers solitary, axillary;
hypanthium turbinate, 5 mm. long; sepals sublinear, denticulate,
spreading to subreflexed, 4-5 mm. long; corolla greenish (form a!),
3 cm. long; anther tube whitish, 7 mm. long. Neg. 9073.
Loreto: Forest near Iquitos, 160 meters, Tessmann 4725, type.
5. Burmeistera tricolorata E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 30:
22. pi. 125, f. 30. 1932.
Suffrutescent, glabrous; petioles 10 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-
ovate, acute, subrounded at the base, 5.5 cm. long, 2.5-3.5 cm. wide,
394 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
slightly crenate and callous-denticulate, glabrous above, minutely
puberulent or glabrate beneath; flowers solitary, on peduncles 5-6
cm. long; hypanthium hemispheric, glabrous, 12 mm. wide; corolla
24 mm. long, puberulent, green, on the upper side purplish, on the
lower yellowish, the lobes triangular-linear, 12-10 mm. long; anther
tube 8 mm. long.
Cuzco: Pillahuata, Cerro de Cusilluyoc, on Rio Pillahuata, 2,400
meters, Pennell 14001, type.
6. Burmeistera Weberbaueri A. Zahlbr. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 451.
1906; Wimm. op. cit. 21. pi. 125, j. 29.
An herb 1 meter high, glabrous; leaves subsessile, ovate-lance-
olate, 3-9 cm. long, 7-2.8 cm. wide, acuminate-cuspidate, rounded
or obtuse at the base, densely callous-denticulate; flowers solitary
in the axils, crowded at the summit; peduncles 6-8.5 cm. long;
hypanthium broadly turbinate, 5 mm. long, 10 mm. wide; corolla
brown-red, yellowish within, 22 mm. long (form b!), the lobes
15-8 mm. long; anther tube greenish, 8-10 mm. long. Neg. 9074.
Junin: Tarma, in the mountains east of Huacapistana, 3,200
meters, Weberbauer 2473, type. Without data, Lobb.
6. CENTROPOGON Presl
Suffrutescent, shrubby, or rarely herbaceous plants, erect or
climbing. Leaves alternate, entire. Flowers solitary in the axils
of the upper leaves or in racemes, often crowded at the summit and
corymbose, pediceled. Calyx with 5 lobes, these distinct or some-
times connate below. Corolla mostly large and showy; tube cylin-
dric, often curved, constricted above the base, after that expanded
abruptly or gradually to the summit (corolla form a) or (rarely)
almost equally wide from the base to the limb (corolla form 6);
limb with 5 unequal, triangular-linear, falcate, deflexed or spreading
lobes, the upper larger than the lateral, the lowest lobe the shortest.
Filaments connate into a tube, distinct below and adnate to the
corolla above the constricted part (nearly 5-10 mm. above the base).
Anther tube cylindric, subcurved, exserted, the 2 lower anthers
appendaged at the tip with a triangular scale of concrescent hairs
("cornute," section Eucentropogon) or with penicillate hairs ("bar-
bate," section Syphocampyloides). Style with 2 roundish stigma
lobes. Fruit a 2-celled berry, crowned by the calyx lobes. The
species of the section Syphocampyloides can be distinguished cer-
tainly from Siphocampylus only by the mature fruit. At present
FLORA OF PERU 395
there are known 212 species, distributed in the cordilleras from
Mexico to Peru, a few in the mountains of Venezuela, and from Brazil
to Argentina. In Peru are found 68 species.
A. Two shorter anthers with a triangular appendage (cornute) at
the apex I. Eucentropogon.
B. Flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves and more or less
remote 1. Axillares.
Sepals reflexed, narrowly triangular, denticulate, 10-15 mm.
long 51. C. puerilis.
Sepals erect to spreading.
Plants hirsute; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, acute at
the base 31. C. hirtus.
Plants glabrous, scabrellate, or somewhat pubescent.
Sepals triangular, 3 mm. long; leaves elliptic, acuminate.
32. C. hypotrichus.
Sepals sublinear, 10-20 mm. long.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, at both ends long and grad-
ually acuminate, 20 cm. long, 4.5 cm. wide.
20. C. exasperatus.
Leaves oblong, ovate-oblong, or oblong-elliptic, acute or
acuminate at the apex, acute or subrounded at the
base.
Anthers glabrous; sepals 20 mm. long.
38. C. longipetiolatus.
Anthers pilose, sometimes only at the tip; sepals 12-15
mm. long 14. C. cornutus.
B. Flowers in terminal, lax, elongate racemes; bracts minute or
sometimes small and foliaceous; climbing shrubs with pendent
branches 2. Botryoides.
Plants pubescent, except the glossy upper leaf surface; sepals
sublinear, suberect, 15-17 mm. long 65. C. vernicosus.
Plants essentially glabrous; sepals 4-11 mm. long.
Leaves roundish-ovate; bracts roundish 45. C. ostrinus.
Leaves ovate, elliptic, oblong-lanceolate, or rarely obovate-
elliptic.
Filaments pubescent; anther tube with long, yellowish
hairs in the commissures.
Sepals subulate, erect, 4 mm. long 52. C. pukher.
396 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Sepals linear, spreading, 6-7 mm. long. 63. C. urubambae.
Filaments glabrous; anther tube glabrous or scarcely pilose.
Leaves ovate to broadly elliptic, 6 cm. long, 4 cm. wide,
narrowed to the obtuse apex; sepals reflexed, 5-8
mm. long 6. C. auratus.
Leaves elliptic-oblong and 9 cm. long, 4 cm. wide, or
oblong-lanceolate, acute to acuminate; sepals spread-
ing to reflexed, 6-11 cm. long. . .69. C. yungasensis.
B. Flowers in terminal, short or corymbiform racemes, bracted or
the subtending leaves much smaller, 1-3 flowers sometimes
in the axils of the uppermost leaves 3. Corymboides.
C. Climbing shrubs with pendent branches and long-peduncled,
upward curved racemes, 0.3-4 meters high ; flowers crowded
at the ends; scars of lower fallen flowers present; bracts
minute.
Sepals ovate-triangular, acute, denticulate, 8-10 mm. long.
15. C. densiflorus.
Sepals triangular or subulate, 2-6 mm. long.
Peduncles verruculose or shortly squamulose-hispid.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, acute at the base.
Corolla 23 mm. long; anther tube glabrous.
12. C. casapiensis.
Corolla 30 mm. long; anthers pilose. . .46. C. parvulus.
Leaves elliptic, ovate-elliptic, or obovate-oblong, acute
or abruptly acuminate; bracts minute.
29. C. granulosus.
Leaves oblong-elliptic, rounded and shortly acute at the
tip; bracts subobovate-oblong, 25 mm. long.
2. C. alsophilus.
Peduncles smooth, glabrous; leaves oblong, acute, or elliptic
or ovate-elliptic and acuminate 1. C. aggregatus.
C. Usually erect herbs or shrubs (or also straggling?) with
ordinarily straight racemes, 0.3-2 meters high; bracts
minute or small and foliaceous.
Plants pubescent.
Sepals triangular, entire, 3 mm. long; leaves elliptic, acu-
minate at both ends 62. C. umbrosus.
Sepals sublinear, denticulate, 10 mm. long; leaves oval, 10
cm. long, 6 cm. wide 48. C. pilosulus.
FLORA OF PERU 397
Plants essentially glabrous.
Leaves fimbriate-denticulate, obovate-oblong or oblong-
elliptic 57. C. sciaphilus.
Leaves slightly crenate or callous-denticulate.
Leaves broadly oval, 12 cm. long, 8 cm. wide, abruptly
acuminate, rounded at the base .... 36. C. latifolius.
Leaves obovate-oblong, gradually narrowed at the base.
Corolla 22-24 mm. long; leaf tip gradually acuminate.
7. C. Bangii.
Corolla 42 mm. long; leaf tip short-acuminate.
39. C. loretensis.
Leaves elliptic-oblong-elongate, 25 cm. long, 8 cm. wide,
acute to acuminate, acute at the base; sepals sub-
linear, recurved at the apex 49. C. Planchonis.
C. Erect herbs or suffrutescent plants, 0.25-1.2 meters high;
racemes capitate, short-peduncled or subsessile, rarely
somewhat elongate; bracts mostly rosulate, surpassed by
the large upper leaves.
Sepals connate at the base (Gamosepali).
Plants glabrous, at least on the leaves.
Leaves lance-linear, 10 cm. long, 1 cm. wide, gradually
tapering to both ends 58. C. silvaticus.
Leaves obovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, acuminate,
cuneate at the base.
Leaves fimbriate-dentate 34. C. inflatus.
Leaves callous-denticulate.
Free parts of the sepals broadly ovate, salient-den-
ticulate 54. C. roseus.
Free parts of calyx lobes narrow-triangular, entire,
10 mm. long, the whole calyx 16 mm. long.
28. C. grandicephalus.
Free sepal parts triangular, denticulate, 5 mm. long,
with the connate portion at most 12 mm. long.
24. C. gamosepalus.
Plants hirsute; sepals narrow- triangular, the connate portion
3-5 mm. long.
Leaves oblong-elliptic, acuminate; corolla hirsute.
26. C. gesnerioides var. zelans.
398 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Leaves lanceolate, 15 cm. long, 3 cm. wide, acuminate;
corolla glabrous .- 18. C. eurystomus.
Sepals distinct from the base.
Leaves essentially glabrous.
Bracts lanceolate to linear, 15-20 mm. long (with the
petiole) 42. C. macrophyllus.
Bracts obovate-spatulate, rounded or abruptly short-
acuminate, 3 cm. long, 2 cm. wide.
Leaves obovate-cuneate 11. C. capitatus.
Leaves oblong-elliptic, acuminate, acute at the base.
11. C. capitatus var. Fieldii.
Leaves hirsute or scabrellous-puberulent.
Sepals triangular, denticulate, 5-6 mm. long; leaves
elliptic, acuminate at both ends.
25. C. gesneraeformis.
Sepals narrow-triangular to sublinear, 7-14 mm. long.
Plants scabrellous-puberulent; leaves lance-elongate,
14 cm. long, 2.5 cm. wide, long-acuminate to both
ends; pedicels 7-8 cm. long 20. C. exasperatus.
Plants hirsute throughout.
Pedicels 7-8 cm. long; bracts oblong, obtuse.
31. C. hirtus.
Pedicels 2-5 cm. long.
Sepals 14 mm. long; bracts elliptic, acute.
26. C. gesnerioides.
Sepals 7-8 mm. long; bracts oblong, subobtuse.
10. C. caninus.
A. Two shorter anthers with penicillate hairs at the apex (Penicil-
lati) II. Syphocampyloides.
D. Glabrous or pilose plants, the hairs unbranched, simple.
Corolla (form a) tube 2-4 times longer than the lobes.
Plants quite glabrous.
Leaves fimbriate-dentate, oblong, acuminate.
59. C. subandinus.
Leaves callous-denticulate, elliptic, subacuminate.
53. C. reticulatus.
Plants sparsely pubescent; leaves ovate to elliptic, acute,
unequally dentate 61. C. Tessmannii.
FLORA OF PERU 399
Corolla (form b) tube nearly as long as the upper lobes.
Leaves lanceolate, 44 cm. long, 11 cm. wide, gradually taper-
ing to both ends, densely callous-denticulate. 3. C. altus.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, elliptic, or ovate-oblong.
Plants sordid-brownish-tomentellous; leaves oblong, 23 cm.
long, 6 cm. wide, acute, subacute at the base.
8. C. Brittonianus.
Plants gray-tomentose.
Leaves oblong-obovate, 25 cm. long, 10 cm. wide, short-
acuminate, cuneate to the base 33. C. incanus.
Leaves ovate-oblong, acute, rounded at the base.
16. C. Dombeyanus.
Leaves ovate, subacute, truncate at the base, 5 cm. long,
3 cm. wide; corolla relatively small, 17 mm. long
(genus of this species uncertain, perhaps Bur-
meistera ?) 68. C. Weddellii.
D. Plants with stellate or branched hairs (Stellato-tomentosi).
E. Sepals dentiform or triangular, 1-3 mm. long.
Leaves oval, rounded at the apex; plant densely purple-
tomentose 19. C. erythraeus.
Leaves ovate, acute; plants ferruginous-tomentose.
60. C. subcordatus.
Leaves lanceolate or lance-oblong.
Filaments pubescent; anthers pilose.
Corolla subtomentose, 50 mm. long, nearly straight.
37. C. longifolius.
Corolla 30 mm. long, curved 22. C. ferrugineus.
Filaments and anthers glabrous; corolla 40-45 mm. long.
Tomentum ferruginous 56. C. scabiosus.
Tomentum gray- white, long 44. C. nervosus.
E. Sepals narrow- triangular or linear, 4-15 mm. long.
F. Sepals erect to somewhat spreading.
Filaments glabrous; anthers sparsely pilose; leaves oblong-
ovate, 5-7 cm. long, 2.3-3 cm. wide, acuminate,
rounded at the base. (See also C. Featherstonei and C.
verbascifoliusl) 50. C. Preslii.
Filaments and anthers pilose (anthers sometimes with
few hairs).
400 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Leaves oblong, 8 cm. long, 2.4 cm. wide, subacuminate,
at the base subobtuse; sepals 4 mm. long.
17. C. erianthus.
Leaves elliptic or oblong, sometimes obovate-elliptic or
ovate- to obovate-oblong.
Leaves beneath very shortly ochreous-tomentose, 8 cm.
long, 3 cm. wide, elliptic-oblong, acuminate.
Corolla 35 mm. long; sepals 7 mm. long.
5. C. astrotrichus.
Corolla 50 mm. long; sepals 12-13 mm. long.
41. C. Macbridei.
Leaves beneath densely gray-ochreous- or ferruginous-
tomentose.
Sepals entire, 6-9 mm. long; leaves elliptic or
obovate-elliptic.
Apex of leaves rounded or subacute; plant sordid-
gray-tomentose 13. C. comosus.
Apex of leaves acuminate; plant brown- tomentose.
9. C. bruneo-tomentosus.
Sepals prominently toothed, 5-9 mm. long.
Leaves oblong (sometimes ovate- or obovate-
oblong), acute, rounded at the base; pedicels
6-17 cm. long 21. C. Featherstonei.
Leaves elliptic (ovate-elliptic), acute or sub-
acuminate, acute to obtuse at the base;
pedicels 3^4 (-8) cm. long.
64. C. verbascifolius.
F. Sepals reflexed, lance-linear, 7-8 mm. long; leaves acute,
subacute at the base 23. C. fuscus.
E. Sepals linear to lanceolate, 10-45 mm. long. (Corolla form a.)
Leaves lanceolate to oblong.
Sepals divaricate to reflexed.
Sepals lanceolate, 11-17 mm. long, 3^4 mm. wide;
pedicels without bracteoles, 9-10 cm. long; leaves
lanceolate, acuminate-cuspidate . 67. C. Weberbaueri.
Sepals linear, salient-denticulate, 30-45 mm. long.
47. C. perlongus.
Sepals suberect, linear, salient-denticulate, 10-12 mm. long;
leaves sharply dentate 4. C. argutus.
FLORA OF PERU 401
Leaves elliptic.
Sepals reflexed, lanceolate, 15 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, acute.
23. C. fuscus var. Gleasonii.
Sepals spreading or suberect.
Plants reddish-yellow-tomentose; leaves acuminate;
sepals lanceolate, acuminate, 14-18 mm. long, 4
mm. wide 55. C. rufus.
Plants gray-yellowish-tomentose; sepals linear, entire.
Leaves very shortly acuminate; sepals 10-15 mm. long.
40. C. luteus.
Leaves rounded to obtuse at the apex, rounded at the
base; sepals 18-21 mm. long 30. C. Hartwegii.
E. Sepals linear or oblong-lanceolate, 18-30 mm. long. (Corolla
form b.)
Sepals reflexed, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, denticulate in
the upper portion, 20-24 mm. long, 5-7 mm. wide.
27. C. gloriosus.
Sepals suberect to somewhat spreading.
Leaves elliptic-oblong, acute, obtuse at the base, 17 cm.
long, 5.5 cm. wide; sepals lanceolate, 18-22 mm. long,
5-8 mm. wide 43. C. Mandonis.
Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, acute at the base.
Hypanthium nearly hemispheric; corolla at the throat
21 mm. wide when pressed 35. C. isabellinus.
Hypanthium cylindric; corolla at throat 10 mm. wide.
66. C. viriduliflorus.
1. Centropogon aggregates (Rusby) Gleason, Bull. Torrey
Club 48: 199. 1921. Siphocampylus aggregatus Rusby, Bull. N. Y.
Bot. Gard. 8: 122. 1912.
A shrub with slender, pendent branches, 2 meters high, glabrous;
petioles 12 mm. long; leaves oblong, acute, at the base subrounded,
subcrenate, 12 cm. long, 4.5 cm. wide; peduncle 12 cm. long; pedicels
about 3 cm. long, puberulent; hypanthium almost hemispheric;
sepals narrowly triangular, entire, 6 mm. long; corolla red, distally
yellow, falcate-curved, 4 cm. long; filaments pubescent, exserted;
anther tube 8 mm. long, purple-pilose on the fissures.
Peru: Probably occurring. Bolivia.
402 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
la. Centropogon aggregatus var. cardinalis (A. Zahlbr. &
Rech.) E. Wimm., var. nov. C. cardinalis A. Zahlbr. & Rech. Medd.
RijksHerb. 19: 51. 1913.
Leaves elliptic, 11 cm. long, 5 cm. wide, acuminate; sepals often
somewhat shorter; corolla puberulent, scarlet, the limb orange-red.
Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1,200 meters. Schunke 347.
Puno: Chunchusmayo, edge of forest, 900 meters, Weberbauer 1166.
Bolivia.
2. Centropogon alsophilus E. Wimm., sp. nov.
Suffrutex scandens, ramis fistulosis herbaceis; folia alterna,
internodiis 3 cm. longis; petiolus 5 mm. longus; lamina foliorum
elliptica, 9-10 cm. longa, 3.5-5 cm. lata, obtusa et brevissime acu-
minata, basi obtusa usque subrotundata, margine plano-crenata et
callose denticulata, subcoriacea, glabra; flores in racemo bracteato,
subelongato; bracteae oblongae, 2-3 cm. longae 1-2 cm. latae sub-
rotundatae usque subacutae, basi in petiolum brevem marginatum
angustatae vel subsessiles; pedicelli 25-30 mm. longi, puberuli;
hypanthium hemisphericum, lobis anguste triangularibus, integris,
4 mm. longis, erectis; corolla kermesina, puberula, subcurvata, 35
mm. longa, tubus a basi usque ad faucem leviter ampliatus, 7 mm.
latus; lobi triangulares falcati 10-5 mm. longi; filamenta glabra;
antherarum tubus luteolus, pilis paucis obsitus, antherae 2 infe-
riores cornutae.
San Martin: Zepelacio near Moyobamba, mountain forest, 1,200-
1,600 meters, King 8432 (type in U. S. Nat. Herb.).
3. Centropogon altus E. Wimm., sp. nov.
Herba 2.4 m. alta, plerumque simplex, superne saltern sparse
hirsuta; folia alterna, petiolo hirsute 3 cm. longo; lamina lanceolata,
44 cm. longa, 11 cm. lata, in apicem longum sensim acutata, basi
acuta, supra furfuracea, subtus ad nervos furfuraceo-viscidula,
venis pellucidis subhirta, nervi secundarii sub angulo subrecto
excurrentes, 8-15 mm. ab invicem distantes, margine dense callose
purpureo-denticulata; flores solitarii axillares; pedicelli hirti
crassi 25-28 cm. longi, basi bibracteolati ; corolla non visa!; bacca
subglobosa, furfuraceo-viscidula, 45 mm. longa, 40 mm. lata.
Huanuco: Tambo de Vaca, 4,000 meters, Macbride 4470 (type
in Herb. Field Mus.).
4. Centropogon argutus E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 29: 77.
1931.
FLORA OF PERU 403
Frutescent, ferruginous-stellate-tomentose, mostly more floccose;
leaves lanceolate, 7.5 cm. long, 3 cm. wide, subacuminate, narrowed
at the base into a petiole 9 mm. long, unequally and sharply dentate,
glabrous above, thin, stellate-pubescent beneath; flowers solitary,
axillary; pedicels somewhat floccose, 3 cm. long, bibracteolate at
the base; sepals linear, 10-12 mm. long, tomentose, with salient
teeth; corolla (form a) purple, floccose, nearly straight, 46 mm. long;
filament tube glabrous; anther tube pilose on the fissures.
Without locality :Lobb, type.
5. Centropogon astrotrichus E. Wimm. Notizbl. Bot. Gart.
Berlin 10: 735. 1929.
Suffrutescent, shortly ferruginous-stellate-tomentose; leaves ellip-
tic-oblong, 8 cm. long, 3.2 cm. wide, acuminate, narrowed at the
base into a petiole 8 mm. long, densely callous-denticulate, above
sparsely, beneath densely short- tomentose; flowers axillary; pedicels
7-8.5 cm. long, bibracteolate above the base; hypanthium depressed-
globose; sepals linear, 7-8 mm. long, denticulate, erect; corolla red
with a yellow limb, 37 mm. long, thinly tomentose (form a) ; filaments
puberulent; anther tube 9 mm. long, nearly glabrous.
Huanuco: Slope from Muiia to Tambo de Las Vacas, Raimondi
2897, type.
6. Centropogon auratus E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 19: 243.
1924. C. rubrovenosus Gleason, Torreya 25: 93. 1925.
A climbing shrub with slender branches; leaves ovate-elliptic,
7 cm. long, 4.5 cm. wide, subacuminate toward the obtuse apex, ob-
tuse to rounded at the base into a petiole 5-10 mm. long, subcrenate
and denticulate; pedicels 3-4 cm. long; sepals linear, reflexed, 5-8
mm. long; corolla (form a) scarlet, with a yellow spot at the throat,
32 mm. long; filaments glabrous; anther tube 8 mm. long, short-
hirsute at the apex.
Huanuco: In the mountains near Huallaga, 2,400-2,500 meters,
Weberbauer 6716, type. Near Muna, Pearce 532. Huacachi, 2,200
meters, 4104, type of C. rubrovenosus.
7. Centropogon Bangii A. Zahlbr. Bull. Torrey Club 24: 372.
1897.
An erect herb, the younger parts hirtellous, glabrescent and
scabrellous in age; leaves obovate-oblong to nearly oblong, 11-22
cm. long, 4-6 cm. wide, gradually acuminate at the apex, unequally
denticulate, gradually narrowed to a short petiole, glabrescent above,
404 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
inconspicuously puberulent beneath, somewhat densely so on the
veins; inflorescence terminal, subcorymbose, few-flowered; floral
leaves much smaller than the upper cauline leaves, about 5 cm. long;
pedicels 22-24 mm. long; hypanthium depressed-globose; sepals
narrowly triangular, acuminate, 5-6 mm. long, at the base 3 mm.
wide, entire, erect; corolla crimson (form a), 22-24 mm. long, 5 mm.
wide at the throat, the lobes 7-5 mm. long; filaments pubescent
above; anther tube 5 mm. long, slightly pilose.
Perhaps in Peru. Bolivia: Yungas, 1,200 meters, Bang 500; Rusby
1093.
8. Centropogon Brittonianus A. Zahlbr. Bull. Torrey Club
24: 373. 1897. Siphocampylus gigantens var. latifolius Britton, op.
cit. 19: 373. 1892, non Vatke.
A stout, tall herb(?), glabrescent below, the upper parts grayish-
fulvous-tomentulose; leaves oblong, 18-22 cm. long, 5-7 cm. wide,
subacuminate, narrowed at the base and decurrent into an indefinite
petiole, the margin with callous teeth, soon glabrescent on the
upper surface, covered with interwoven hairs especially on the veins
and when young; pedicels axillary, 16-18 cm. long, tomentulose, with
2 filiform bractlets above the base; hypanthium oblong-ovoid, 15
mm. long, 11 mm. wide, tomentulose; sepals lance-linear, 26-30 mm.
long, about 3 mm. wide, glandular-denticulate, suberect, floccose-
tomentulose; corolla (form b) orange-red (?), puberulent, its tube
20 mm. long and 11 mm. wide, straight, the lobes sublinear, acutish,
subcurved, the upper 20 mm. long and 5 mm. wide, the lower about
10 mm. long; filaments pilose, exserted, not adnate to the corolla;
anther tube 15 mm. long, with dense, livid hairs in the 5 commissures.
Peru: Probably. Bolivia.
9. Centropogon bruneo-tomentosus E. Wimm., sp. nov.
Kami inferne glabrescentes, superne sicut aliae partes dense
bruneo-tomentosi vel -floccosi ex pilis ramosis; petioli crassi, 16-25
mm. longi; folia elliptica, 10 cm. longa, 5.6 cm. lata, acuminata,
basi late cuneata usque obtusa, margine leviter repanda callose
denticulata, membranacea, supra sparse pilosa vel glabrescentia, subtus
dense bruneo-tomentosa vel floccosa, nervi laterales ab invicem
5-7 mm. distantes, sub angulo 70 fere recte excurrentes; flores in
axillis foliorum solitarii; pedicelli crassi, tomentosi, circiter 7 cm.
longi, basi bracteolis 2 linearibus 6 mm. longis ornati; calyx semi-
globosus, 10-12 mm. in diametro, tomentosus, eius lobi sublineares,
6-8 mm. longi, tomentosi, erecti, sinus inter eos fere plani; corolla
FLORA OF PERU 405
rubra, tomentosa, 43 mm. longa, tubus supra basin parum attenu-
atus, dein ad faucem paullum ampliatus, 35 mm. longus, lobi sub-
lineares, falcati, circiter 15-12 mm. longi; filamenta pubescentia,
exserta; antherarum tubus 9 mm. longus, fuscus, versus apicem
pilis luridis praeditus; antherae 2 infer! ores barbatae.
Cajamarca: Prov. Chota, montana between Llama and Huambo,
Raimondi 12036 (type in herb. Berlin).
10. Centropogon caninus E. Wimm. Notizbl. Bot. Gart.
Berlin 10: 734. 1929.
Hirsute throughout; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, 11 cm. long, 3.5
cm. wide, acuminate, cuneately narrowed into a petiole 10 mm.
long, densely callous-denticulate and ciliate, sparsely hirsute above,
densely so beneath; several flowers in the axils of the uppermost
leaves, the others crowded at the summit of the stem; pedicels
hirsute, 15-20 mm. long; hypanthium hemispheric; sepals narrowly
triangular, entire, 7-8 mm. long; corolla (form a) hirsute, 23 mm.
long; stamen tube glabrous.
Junin: Tarma to Chanchamayo, Raimondi 2849, type.
11. Centropogon capitatus Drake, Journ. de Bot. 3: 238. 1889.
An erect herb, glabrous, 50 cm. high; leaves obovate-oblong,
29 cm. long, 8 cm. wide, acuminate, cuneate to the base and into
a petiole 8 mm. long, densely dentate, often slightly puberulent
beneath; bracts spatulate-cuneiform, acutish, rounded or truncate
at the apex, denticulate or subentire, 3-4 cm. long, 1.4-3 cm. wide,
green to reddish; pedicels subumbellate, about 12 mm. long; sepals
10 mm. long, sublinear, denticulate; corolla (form a) inconspicuously
puberulent, light pink or red-violet, 3 cm. long; filaments glabrous;
anther tube pilose at the base, 6 mm. long. Neg. 29441.
Junin: Chanchamayo valley, Schunke 1603, 1604- Enenas,
Pichis Trail, dense forest, Kittip & Smith 25772. Montana de
Pangoa, Llalla, Raimondi 8780. San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce
4182. Zepelacio, in mountain forest, 1,200-1,600 meters, Klug
3500. Puno: Sangaban, Lechler 2163. Type, Poortman 198 from
Ecuador, near Loja.
lla. Centropogon capitatus f. hirtus A. Zahlbr. Ann. Hof-
mus. Wien 6: 436. 1891.
Leaves on the upper surface sparsely, on the lower more densely
hispid.
Peru: In dense, subandean forests, marshy places, Poeppig 1093.
Chicoplaya, Ruiz & Pavdn.
406 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
lib. Centropogon capitatus var. Fieldii E. Wimm., var. nov.
Folia oblongo-elliptica, 19 cm. longa, 7 cm. lata, margine repando-
dentata, subtus brevissime hirtella; sepala sublinearia 11 mm. longa;
corolla coccinea.
Junin: La Merced, mon tafia, slope near Hacienda Schunke,
Macbride 5662 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).
lie. Centropogon capitatus var. trichandrus E. Wimm.,
var. nov.
Folia plano-crenata cum denticulis callosis inter crenas; sepala
lineari-lanceolata integra, 10 mm. longa et in medio 1.6 mm. lata;
corolla parum minor, 25 mm. longa; antherarum tubus dense violas-
center pilosus.
Cuzco: Paucartambo, Valle de Ckosnipata, 800-1,000 meters,
Hen era 9 (type in herb. Berlin).
12. Centropogon casapiensis E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 29:
66. pi. 116, f. 7. 1931.
Branches pendent, verruculous-scabrous; leaves oblong-lance-
olate, 8.5 cm. long, 2.8 cm. wide, acuminate, acute at the base,
callous-denticulate, glabrous above, scarcely puberulent beneath;
bracts minute, pilose; pedicels 12 mm. long; sepals triangular,
2 mm. long; corolla purple, verruculous-pilose, 23 mm. long (form a);
filaments glabrous; anther tube 5 mm. long, pilose on the dorsal
side toward the apex.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, near Casapi, Mathews 1673 (type in
herb. Kew.).
13. Centropogon comosus Gleason, Bull. Torrey Club 52:
13. 1925.
A coarsely cinereous-tomentose shrub; petioles stout, 15-30 mm.
long; leaf blades thick and firm, elliptic-obovate, the largest 9 cm.
long, 5 cm. wide, the upper somewhat reduced, rounded to broadly
obtuse and sometimes minutely apiculate at the apex, broadest
near the middle or somewhat above it, subcuneate to an obtuse
base, minutely denticulate, the upper side scabrellous with stellate
hairs, the lower side roughly and densely tomentose with cinereous,
branched hairs, especially along the veins; pedicels axillary, stout,
6-8 cm. long; hypanthium broadly hemispheric; sepals linear, 9 mm.
long, entire, erect, densely tomentose; corolla brown-tomentose, the
tube 38 mm. long, the lobes linear-falcate, strongly decurved, the
upper 10 mm. long, the lower shorter; filaments sparsely villous;
anther tube 8-9 mm. long; sparsely pilose.
FLORA OF PERU 407
Perhaps in Peru. Ecuador: Prov. Loja, between San Lucas and
Ona, 2,200-3,100 meters, Hitchcock 21545, type.
14. Centropogon cornutus (L.) Druce. Kept. Bot. Exch.
Club Brit. Isles 3: 416. 1914. Lobelia cornuta L. Sp. PI. 930. 1753.
L. surinamensis L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 1320. 1763. L. andropogon Cav.
Icon. 6: 10. pi. 515. 1801. L. spectabilis HBK. Nov. Gen. 3: 306.
1819. L.purpurea Veil. Fl. Flum. 353; Icon. 8: pi. 156. 1827. Sipho-
campylus macranthus Pohl, PI. Bras. Icon. 2: 105. pi. 168. 1831.
S. surinamensis et S. andropogon G. Don, Syst. 3: 702 et 703. 1834.
C. surinamensis Presl, Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 48. 1836; Paxt. Mag.
Bot. 13: 149. pi. 1847. C. fastuosus Dene. 111. Hort. 181. pi. 1853.
Other illustrations: Bot. Mag. pi. 225; Andr. Bot. Rep. pi. 502;
Lodd. Bot. Cab. pi. 749.
Suffrutescent, 1-1.5 meters high, with slender, climbing branches
as much as 3 meters long; leaves oblong or ovate-oblong to elliptic
and subobovate-oblong, 14 cm. long, 4 cm. wide, acute or acuminate
at both ends or at the base obtuse or subrounded, dentate to dentic-
ulate, glabrous or scarcely pubescent, narrowed into a petiole
5-15 mm. long; pedicels puberulent, 3.5-5.5 cm. long, bibracteolate
above the base; hypanthium hemispheric; sepals sublinear, dentic-
ulate, spreading, 12-15 mm. long; corolla purple, carmine, or
pink, glabrous, 4-5 cm. long, the lobes unequal, triangular, falcate,
spreading, 10-5 mm. long; filaments glabrous; exserted, anther tube
long-hispid, 8 mm. long; berry nearly globose, about 15 mm. in
diameter, edible.
Huanuco: Posuso, wooded slope, 600 meters, 4714- Lore to:
Iquitos, trail to San Juan, sandy soil in forest border, Mexia 6495;
on shrubs, Williams 8244, 8243. Pebas on the Amazon, Williams
1790. Lower Rio Huallaga, forest of Recreo, Williams 3693. Flor-
ida, Klug 2245. C. cornutus is widely distributed : all South America
to Valparaiso and on the West Indian Islands. Frequently culti-
vated. The leaves are boiled and eaten.
14a. Centropogon cornutus f. leucostomus E. Wimm., f. nov.
Frutex 1 m. altus glaberrimus; corolla rosea cum limbo albo.
Huanuco: Between Monzon and the Rio Huallaga, 600-700
meters, Weberbauer 3630 (type in herb. Berlin).
14b. Centropogon cornutus var. laevigatus (L. f.) E. Wimm.,
var. nov. Lobelia laevigata L. f. Suppl. 392. 1781. C. laevigatus
A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 7: 344. 1839.
408 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
A climbing shrub 2 meters high, commonly quite glabrous;
anther tube pilose only at the apex; corolla bright rose.
Loreto: Iquitos, 120 meters, Williams 1425, 3529. Mishuyacu,
near Iquitos, in forest, 100 meters, Klug 1186. Forest near San
Francisco, 100 meters, Tessmann 3567. Florida, Klug 2096. "Gallo-
crespa-rango." Huitoto name "puynayma gifire."
15. Centropogon densiflorus Benth. PL Hartweg. 138. 1844.
C. gracilis Drake, Journ. de Bot. 3: 238. 1889.
Arborescent, 4-8 meters high, the branches slender, pendent,
tuberculate-scabrous; leaves elliptic, often somewhat ovate-elliptic,
11 cm. long, 5.5 cm. wide, very shortly acuminate to the obtuse
apex, at the base shortly cuneate to a petiole 10-16 mm. long,
remotely glandular-denticulate, glabrous above, subpubescent be-
neath; bracts sessile, oval; pedicels with calyx and corolla squam-
ulose-pilose, 12 mm. long; hypanthium depressed-globose; sepals
ovate-oblong, acutish, suberect, 10 mm. long, 5 mm. wide; corolla
(form a) with an inflated throat, orange-red, 3 cm. long, curved;
filaments puberulent, exserted; anther tube 8 mm. long, beset
along the commissures with short, lilac hairs. Neg. 27222.
Piura: Huancabamba, Andre 4401. Rio Cachaco, temperate
region, Andre 4581. Ecuador (Yangana), Hartweg 775, type.
16. Centropogon Dombeyanus (Presl) E. Wimm., comb. nov.
Lobelia Dombeyana Presl, Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 39. 1836. Sipho-
campylus Dombeyanus A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 7: 406. 1839.
Branches, leaves beneath, and flowers whitish-tomentose; leaves
ovate-oblong, acute, rounded at the base, unequally glandular-
toothed, 16 cm. long, 7 cm. wide, glabrous or slightly floccose above;
flowers solitary, axillary; pedicels floccose- tomentose, 13 cm. long,
bibracteolate at the base; hypanthium obovoid-hemispheric, 18
mm. long and wide; sepals sublinear, gradually tapering to the
apex, glandular-denticulate, erect, 27-32 mm. long, 4 mm. wide;
corolla (form b) whitish (?), 45 mm. long, about 16 mm. wide at
the throat, the 2 upper lobes 27 mm., the 2 lateral 22 mm., the
lowest 16 mm. long and 7-8 mm. wide at the base; filament
tube tomentose; anther tube densely yellowish-hirsute. Fruit
unknown, the position of this species therefore uncertain !
Junin: Huasa-huasi, Dombey, type.
17. Centropogon erianthus (Benth.) Benth. & Hook. f. Gen.
PI. 2: 547. 1876. Siphocampylus erianthus Benth. PI. Hartweg.
139. 1844.
FLORA OF PERU 409
A climbing shrub with branches to 5 meters long, ferruginous-
tomentose throughout; leaves oblong, acuminate to acute, narrowed
to the obtuse base, 7-8 cm. long, 2.5-3.4 cm. wide, callous-dentic-
ulate, sparsely stellate-pilose above, densely tomentose beneath,
the petiole 8-10 mm. long; flowers solitary in the axils of the upper
leaves; pedicels 24^40 mm. long, bibracteolate at the base; hypan-
thium depressed-globose, with 5 linear, denticulate, suberect sepals
12-15 mm. long; corolla brick-red with a yellow limb, 28-35 mm.
long (form a); filaments white-pubescent; anther tube scarcely
pilose. Neg. 27224.
Peru: Typical form probably occurring. Ecuador in mountains
near Loja, Hartweg 778, type; Poortman 79.
17a. Centropogon erianthus var. brachysepalus E. Wimm.,
var. nov.
Folia aliquanto minora, 8 cm. longa, 2.6 cm. lata; sepala breviora,
3^4 mm. longa.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews (type in herb. Cambridge).
18. Centropogon eurystomus E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov.
29:60. pi. 126, f. 4- 1931.
An erect herb about 50 cm. high; leaves lanceolate, 14-17 cm.
long, 3.3-3.8 cm. wide, acuminate, narrowed at the base into a
petiole 6-20 mm. long, dentate-denticulate, very sparsely hispid
above, hispid beneath especially on the veins; bracts lanceolate,
sessile, 2-4 cm. long, pubescent; pedicels glabrous, 2 cm. long,
bibracteolate near the base; hypanthium semi-ovoid; sepals connate
from the base to the middle, glabrous, the free portion narrow-
triangular, entire, 10-12 mm. long; corolla rose-colored, glabrous,
43 mm. long, its tube strongly inflated above the middle, the lobes
10-6 mm. long; stamen tube glabrous; anthers 6 mm. long.
Department unknown: Rio Bombonasa, on shady slope, Spruce
(type in herb. Kew).
19. Centropogon erythraeus Drake, Journ. de Bot. 3: 237.
1889.
A shrub 2 meters high, densely purple-stellate-tomentose; leaves
coriaceous, oval, rounded at both ends, 5 cm. long, 3 cm. wide, the
upper leaf surface, at least, glabrate, the petiole stout, 8 mm. long;
flowers solitary in the leaf axils; pedicels 3 cm. long; hypanthium
hemispheric, with 5 triangular, acute sepals 2-3 mm. long; corolla
(form a) purple, falcate, 4 cm. long; stamen tube pilose. Neg. 30941.
410 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Peru: Probably occurring. Ecuador: Cebadal, near Loja, Poort-
man 283.
20. Centropogon exasperatus Presl, Prodr. Monogr. Lobel.
48. 1836. C. angustus Gleason, Bull. Torrey Club 52: 54. 1925.
Shrubby, sparsely pubescent-scabrellate; leaves lanceolate, 14
cm. long, 2.5 cm. wide, gradually long-acuminate to both ends and
narrowed into a petiole 1 cm. long, sharply and minutely dentate,
on the veins shortly hairy beneath; pedicels solitary in the axils
of the leaves, 6-8 cm. long, puberulent, bibracteolate at the base;
hypanthium depressed-globose, puberulent, with 5 narrow-triangular,
entire lobes 10 mm. long; corolla red, puberulent, 35 mm. long
(form a); stamen tube glabrous; anthers 7 mm. long.
Huanuco: Mountains, Herb. Presl. Vilcabamba on Rio Chin-
chao, 1,800 meters, 4967, type of C. angustus.
21. Centropogon Featherstonei Gleason, Bull. Torrey Club
52: 17. 1925.
Stems climbing, 3-7 meters long, densely tomentose above with
ferruginous, branched hairs; petiole 6-8 mm. long; leaves oblong or
ovate-oblong, 11 cm. long, 4 cm. wide, acute, rounded at the base,
sharply and finely denticulate, above thinly, beneath densely tomen-
tose; pedicels solitary in the upper axils, 6-15 cm. long, bibracteolate
above the base; hypanthium depressed-globose, tomentose; sepals
linear, denticulate, suberect, 6-7 mm. long; corolla firecracker-red
with yellow, stellate pubescence, 3 cm. long (form a); filaments
pubescent; anther tube black, 8 mm. long, sparsely pilose distally.
Huanuco: Huanuco, 3,100 meters, 2125. Junin: Mito, 2,400
meters, 1605, type.
22. Centropogon ferruginous (L. f.) Gleason, Bull. Torrey
Club 52:- 11. 1925. Lobelia ferruginea L. f. Suppl. 394. 1781. L.
barbata Cav. Icon. 6: 12. pi. 519. 1801. Siphocampylus barbatus
G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3: 701. 1834. C. barbatus Planch. Fl. Serres 6:
16. 1850 (but Lobelia ferruginea HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 303.
1819 and Siphocampylus ferrugineus G. Don, loc. cit., are referable
to Centropogon asclepiadeus [Willd.] Wimm.).
Suffrutescent, with pendent branches and a ferruginous, stellate
tomentum ; petiole 6 mm. long; leaf blades lanceolate, 3-4 cm. long,
0.7-0.9 cm. wide, acute at both ends, callous-denticulate, on the
upper surface sparsely stellate, on the lower surface thinly tomentose,
on the veins densely so; pedicels solitary in the leaf axils, 3 cm. long,
FLORA OF PERU 411
without bractlets; hypanthium depressed-globose; sepals triangular,
2-3 mm. long, denticulate, suberect; corolla brick-red, tomentellous,
about 3 cm. long (form a); filaments pubescent, exserted; anther
tube 6 mm. long, with few long dorsal hairs.
Huanuco: Tambo de Vaca, 3,100 meters, 4445. Lima: Huaman-
tanga, Obrajillo, Nee Herb. Amazonas: Chachapoyas (det. Zahlbr.).
Colombia; Ecuador.
23. Centropogon fuscus (G. Don) E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov.
22: 201. 1926. Siphocampylus fuscus G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3: 704.
1834. Lobelia fusca Presl, Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 40. 1836.
Probably a climbing shrub, the branches and flowers with a dense,
brown tomentum; leaves ochreous-tomentose on the lower surface,
oblong, 12 cm. long, 4 cm. wide, subacute at both ends, the whole
margin with nearly intramarginal, glandular teeth; pedicels 8 cm.
long, minutely bibracteolate at the base, axillary; hypanthium
hemispheric; sepals oblong-linear, subacute, denticulate, reflexed,
9 mm. long, 3 mm. wide; corolla (form a) purple(?), tomentose,
straight, 35 mm. long; filaments pubescent; anther tube beset on
the fissures with few sordid hairs. Neg. 27226.
Without locality, Pavdn. Huanuco: Vitoc, Isern 2566 (det.
Macbride).
23a. Centropogon fuscus var. Gleasonii E. Wimm. Repert.
Sp. Nov. 38: 16. 1935. C. rufus Gleason, Bull. Torrey Club 52: 8.
1925, non Wimm.
A shrub 1 meter high with ochreous tomentum, this becoming
more greenish-yellowish on the lower surface of the leaves; petiole
12-20 mm. long; leaf blades elliptic, 15 cm. long, 5.6 cm. wide, short-
acuminate, acute at the base, callous-denticulate; pedicels 10 cm.
long; sepals oblong, acute, 15 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, reflexed;
corolla as in the type, but 45 mm. long and with a more yellowish
tomentum.
Huanuco: Tambo de Vaca, 300 meters, 4473, type.
24. Centropogon gamosepalus A. Zahlbr. Ann. Naturhist.
Mus. Wien 6: 434. 1891.
An erect herb, glabrous; leaves obovate-oblong, 17 cm. long,
6 cm. wide, gradually narrowed into a petiole 5-15 mm. long,
abruptly acuminate at the apex, subentire or callous-denticulate,
inconspicuously puberulent beneath; bracts dense, spatulate or
obovate-oblong, 3 cm. long, 1.6 cm. wide, broadly obtuse at the
412 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
apex, cuneate to contracted at the base, mostly sessile; pedicels
2 cm. long, bibracteolate above the base; hypanthium hemispheric,
its lobes connate to the middle, the free parts narrowly triangular,
acute, 6 mm. long; corolla (form a) rose-colored, 37 mm. long,
somewhat inflated at the throat; filaments glabrous; anther tube
glabrous or beset with few hairs in the fissures, 6 mm. long. Neg.
30952.
Loreto: Tarapoto, Spruce 4131, type. Ecuador.
25. Centropogon gesneraeformis Drake, Journ. de Bot. 3:
239. 1889.
An erect, stout, pubescent herb; leaves elliptic, 21 cm. long,
8.5 cm. wide, shortly subacuminate, unequally and minutely dentate,
acuminate at the base into an indefinite petiole 15-30 mm. long,
hispid above, more densely so beneath; flowers in a capitate raceme
with a short peduncle; bracts foliaceous, sessile, 15-30 mm. long;
pedicels 3-4 cm. long; hypanthium depressed-globose; sepals 4-5
mm. long, narrow-triangular, acute, subdenticulate, erect; corolla
(form a) carmine-red, puberulent, 34 mm. long, the lobes 5-3 mm.
long; filaments glabrous; anther tube glabrous except for a few hairs
at the base. Neg. 30942.
Peru: Probably. Ecuador (Huancabamba near Loja, Poortman
224, type); Colombia.
26. Centropogon gesnerioides Gleason, Bull. Torrey Club 52:
53. 1925.
Suffrutescent, 3-4 meters high, subhirsute or with slightly curved,
white hairs; leaves obovate-oblong to elliptic, the largest 24 cm. long,
8.5 cm. wide, acuminate, dentate or denticulate, acuminate at the
base into an. indefinite petiole 2-3 cm. long, thinly hirsute above,
more densely so beneath especially along the principal veins; racemes
terminal, often elongate; floral leaves elliptic, mostly sessile, 2-3 cm.
long, 8-16 mm. wide; pedicels 2 cm. long; hypanthium depressed-
globose; sepals triangular, 14-16 mm. long, 5 mm. wide at the base,
acuminate, sparsely denticulate, suberect; corolla (form a) red,
hirsute, especially distally, curved, 3 cm. long; filaments pubescent
toward the summit; anther tube 7 mm. long, pilose along the 3
upper commissures.
Peru: Perhaps occurring. Colombia.
26a. Centropogon gesnerioides var. viperinus E. Wimm.
Repert. Sp. Nov. 38: 6. 1935.
FLORA OF PERU 413
A coarse herb 1.2 meters high; bracts lance-oblong, petiolate;
sepals narrowly triangular, free, 10-12 mm. long, 3 mm. wide at
the base; corolla rich pink, pubescent; stamens glabrous, exserted.
Junin: Huacapistana, thickets and open woods, 1,800-2,400
meters, Killip & Smith 24096, type.
26b. Centropogon gesnerioides var. zelana E. Wimm.
Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 10: 733. 1929.
Calyx lobes somewhat connate (2-3 mm.) at the base, the free
parts triangular, entire, 6-8 mm. long; corolla bright red; stamen
tube quite glabrous.
Without data: Raimondi 2610; Ruiz & Pavdn. Huanuco:
Muiia, 3982.
It is very probable that C. gesnerioides, C. congestus Gleason, and
C. caninus are synonymous with C. hirtus.
27. Centropogon gloriosus (Britton) A. Zahlbr. Bull. Torrey
Club 24: 373, 1897. Siphocampylus gloriosus Britton, Bull. Torrey
Club 19: 373. 1892.
A shrub, densely ochreous-stellate-tomentose; leaves oblong or
ovate-oblong, acuminate, rounded at the base, with a petiole 4-5 mm.
long, minutely callous-denticulate, 8-14 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide,
scabrous and sparsely pilose above, especially on the veins, densely
tomentose beneath ; pedicels solitary in the axils of the upper leaves,
densely tomentose, 12-15 cm. long; sepals linear-oblong, acute,
denticulate toward the tip, 20-24 mm. long, 5-7 mm. wide at the
middle, reflexed, tomentose or glabrescent; corolla crimson, 4-5 mm.
long, its tube almost equally wide, slightly expanded to the throat,
2 cm. long, 8 mm. wide at the middle, the lobes 22-15 mm. long;
filaments pilose; anther tube densely sordid-brownish-pilose; berry
globose, tomentose, 2 cm. in diameter.
Peru: Probably. Bolivia.
28. Centropogon grandicephalus A. Zahlbr. Bot. Jahrb. 37:
454. 1906.
A stout herb to 1 meter high; leaves large, subsessile, obovate-
oblong, short-subacuminate, gradually narrowed to the base, 20-27
cm. long, 6-9 cm. wide, unequally callous-denticulate; raceme ab-
breviated, the peduncle 2-8 cm. long; bracts sessile, broadly obovate-
cuneate, finely serrulate above, 4-5 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide; sepals
connate from the base to the middle, forming a short tube 6 mm.
long, the free parts triangular-linear, entire, 8-10 mm. long; corolla
414 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
claret-colored, glabrous, 35 mm. long, inflated at the throat (form a) ;
filaments glabrous; anther tube 6 mm. long, pilose in the fissures.
Amazonas: East of Chachapoyas, woods between the rivers
Tambos Almirante and Pucatomba, 1,800-1,900 meters, Weberbauer
4461. San Martin: Between Moyobamba and Chachapoyas, Rai-
mondi 1894- San Roque 1,400 meters; Williams 7032.
29. Gentropogon granulosus Presl, Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 49.
1836. C. cuspidatus A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 7: 346. 1839.
A suffrutescent climber, the slender stem and peduncles tuber-
culate and, at least above, often somewhat puberulent; leaves elliptic,
ovate-oblong, or obovate-oblong, 11-28 cm. long, 6-14 cm. wide,
acute to abruptly acuminate, acute to obtuse at the base, subcre-
nate to denticulate, rather thick, glabrous or scabrellate; hypanthium
depressed-globose or hemispheric; sepals triangular, 3 mm. long;
corolla of form a but at the base somewhat dilated, strongly curved,
squamulose-hairy or scabrous, red or orange-red, distally yellow,
35 mm. long; filaments pubescent toward the summit; anther tube
10 mm. long, hispid at the base and distally or along the fissures.
Neg. 27228.
Cajamarca: Tabaconas Valley near Hacienda Charape, Weber-
bauer 6257. Cochero, in dense, subandean woods along brooks,
Poeppig. Huanuco: Pampayacu, 1,200 meters, 5088. Junin: Chan-
chamayo Valley, 1,500 meters, Schunke 347, 1582, 1583. Vitoc,
Isern 2573. Hacienda de Esperanza, Chanchamayo, Raimondi 8687.
Between Tarma and Chanchamayo, Raimondi 2767. Between Llalla
and Pangoa, Raimondi 1414, and, without data, 2575. La Merced,
1,200 meters, 5654, 5088. Loreto: Cerro de La Escalera, 1,200
meters, Ule 6787. Puno: Hacienda de San Jose" de Bellavista,
Raimondi 9641. San Martin: San Roque, 1,350-1,500 meters,
Williams 2018, 7214, 7693. Without locality, Dombey (type of
C. cuspidatus A. DC.).
30. Centropogon Hartwegi (Benth.) Benth. & Hook. f. Gen.
PI. 2: 547. 1876. Siphocampylus Hartwegi Benth. PI. Hartweg. 139.
1844.
A shrub with whitish tomentum; leaves elliptic, 10 cm. long,
5 cm. wide, obtuse to subrounded at the apex, rounded at the base,
glandular-denticulate, scarcely stellate-pilose above when young,
softly whitish-tomentose beneath; flowers axillary, on whitish-
tomentose pedicels 5-7 cm. long; hypanthium depressed-globose;
sepals lance-linear, obtuse, entire, tomentose without, puberulent
FLORA OF PERU 415
within, 18-21 mm. long, 9 mm. wide; corolla (form a) purple (?),
slightly tomentose, curved, 3 cm. long; filaments puberulent, espe-
cially on the lower side, exserted; anther tube nearly black, 7 mm.
long, sparsely pilose toward the summit. Neg. 27229.
Peru: Probably. Ecuador: In the mountains of Loja, Hartweg
777.
31. Centropogon hirtus (Cav.) Presl, Prodr. Monogr. Lobel.
48. 1836. Lobelia hirta Cav. Icon. 6: 13. pi. 520. 1801. Siphocampylus
hirtus G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3: 702. 1835.
Hirsute, branched, nearly 2 meters high, suffruticose; petiole 1 cm.
long; leaf blades lanceolate, 12-20 cm. long, 3.8-5.2 cm. wide,
gradually tapering to both ends, sparsely hirsute above, more
densely so beneath; bracts oblong, acute or obtuse, short-petioled,
foliaceous, several flowers in the upper leaf axils; pedicels 5-8 cm.
long; hypanthium semiglobose; sepals narrow-triangular, erect, 8-12
mm. long, 3 mm. wide at the base; corolla (form a) rich pink, some-
what hirsute, 3 cm. long; stamen tube glabrous; anthers 5 mm. long.
Neg. 29443.
Cajamarca: Cochero, Dombey. Huanuco: Mountains of Hua-
nuco, Herb. Presl. Ecuador.
32. Centropogon hypotrichus E. Wimm., sp. nov.
Caulis vel rami verruculosi, superne saltern puberuli; folia
elliptica, 12 cm. longa, 5.5 cm. lata, acuminata, margine denticulata
et ciliolata, basi acuta, in petiolum 18 mm. longum attenuata, supra
glabra et vernicosa, subtus puberula et ad nervos pubescentia; flores
verisimiliter solitarii in axillis foliorum superiorum (in specimine
nostro 1 flos tantum adest!) ; pedicelli 13 mm. longi, basi bibracteo-
lati; hypanthium hemisphericum, 4 mm. longum et 6 mm. latum;
sepala triangularia, 3 mm. longa, denticulata, puberula, sinus eorum
rotundati; corolla (form a) kermesina, puberula, 45 mm. longa,
leviter curva, ad fauce'm paullum inflata; lobi corollae triangulares,
falcati, 2 superiores 7 mm., 3 inferiores 5-4 mm. longi; filamenta
subglabra; antherarum tubus 8 mm. longus et 3 mm. latus, pilis
lilacinis in fissuris, antherae 2 inferiores cornutae. Neg. 30956.
Huanuco: Tambillo, Jelski 59 (type in herb. Mus. Vienna).
33. Centropogon incanus (Britton) A. Zahlbr. Bull. Torrey
Club 24: 374. 1897. Siphocampylus incanus Britton, Bull. Torrey
Club 19: 373. 1892.
A stout herb, whitish-tomentose (hairs simple), smelling dis-
agreeably; leaves obovate-oblong, 27 cm. long, 10 cm. wide, abruptly
416 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
acuminate, at the base gradually tapering into a stout, indefinite
petiole, glabrous above, white-tomentose beneath, floccose in age;
flowers solitary and axillary; pedicels floccose, 14-18 cm. long, with
2 linear bractlets above the base; hypanthium obovoid, 18 mm. long,
15 mm. wide; sepals sublinear, subacute, erect, tomentose-floccose
on both sides, 36-40 mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide, glandular-denticulate;
corolla (form b) yellowish (?), whitish-floccose, 45 mm. long, at the
throat 22 mm. wide when pressed, the upper lobes 30, the lateral
18, the lower 12 mm. long; filaments glabrous; anther tube 15 mm.
long, densely sordid-gray-brown-hirsute.
Peru: Probably. Bolivia.
34. Centropogon inflatus E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 29:
60. 1931.
A glabrous herb; leaves lance-oblong, 18 cm. long, 6 cm. wide,
acute, gradually tapering at the base into an indefinite petiole about
1 cm. long, the margin finely fringed; bracts lance-oblong, 10-15 cm.
long, 5 mm. wide; pedicels 1 cm. long; hypanthium hemispheric;
sepals connate into an inflated tube 11 mm. long and 10 mm. wide,
its free portions triangular, fringed, 3 mm. long; corolla red, 3 cm.
long, at the throat 7 mm. wide when pressed (form a); stamens
glabrous; anthers 6 mm. long.
Peru: Without locality, cultivated by Sander and Sons, type.
35. Centropogon Isabel linus E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 19:
245. 1924.
A brown-stellate-tomentose shrub; leaves lanceolate, 13 cm. long,
3.4 cm. wide, acuminate, acute at the base and narrowed into a
petiole 15-20 mm. long, the whole margin with glandular, rather
intramarginal teeth, glossy and glabrous above, shortly and densely
isabelline-tomentose beneath; flowers axillary; pedicels 9-12 cm.
long, with 2 subulate bractlets borne above the base; hypanthium
semi-ovoid, 12-20 mm. wide; sepals sublinear, 30 mm. long, 3-4 mm.
wide, tapering to the blunt apex, denticulate toward the tip, some-
what spreading, corolla (yellowish?) subtomentose, 55 mm. long
(form b); filaments villous, adnate to the corolla at the base; anther
tube 17 mm. long, 7 mm. wide, densely hirsute in the fissures.
Cuzco: Lucumayo Valley, 3,600 meters, Cook & Gilbert 1274, type.
36. Centropogon latifolius E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 38:
7. 1935.
An erect, glabrous herb 60-90 cm. high; leaves broadly oval,
12 cm. long, 8 cm. wide, rounded at both ends, at the apex shortly
FLORA OF PERU 417
abrupt-acuminate, callous-denticulate, the petiole 5-10 mm. long;
bracts lanceolate to sublinear; pedicels 20-25 mm. long; sepals 4 mm.
long, subulate, erect; corolla orange-red, yellow distally, 26 mm.
long (form a); filaments, especially above, pubescent; anther tube
6 mm. long, pilose on the fissures.
Junin: Pichis Trail, Porvenir, in dense forest, 1,500-1,900 meters,
Kittip & Smith 25918, type.
37. Centropogon longifolius E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 19:
246. 1924.
Suffrutescent, ferruginous-tomentose; petiole 5 mm. long; leaves
lanceolate, 9 cm. long, 2 cm. wide, acuminate, subrounded at the
base, callous-denticulate; sepals triangular, acuminate, denticulate,
2-3 mm. long; corolla red(?), subtomentose, 5 cm. long (form a);
filaments pubescent; anther tube 9 mm. long, sparsely hirsute.
Neg. 30959.
Junin: Huanacabra, Mathews 1186, type.
38. Gentropogon longipetiolatus E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov.
26: 5. 1929.
Leaves elliptic, oblong, or subovate-oblong, 8-9.5 cm. long,
3-3.5 cm. wide, acuminate, acute at the base, narrowed into a
petiole 2-5 cm. long, subcrenate and between the crenations dentic-
ulate, shining and glabrous above, slightly puberulent beneath;
pedicels about 4 cm. long, puberulent, with 2 sublinear bractlets
1 cm. long above the base; sepals 2 cm. long, sublinear, denticulate,
puberulent, somewhat spreading; corolla red, very sparsely puberu-
lent, 42 mm. long, the tube 35 mm. long, gradually dilated to the
throat (14 mm.), the lobes triangular, falcate, 10-7 mm. long;
stamens glabrous; anthers 9 mm. long. Flower and leaf figured,
Repert. Sp. Nov. 22: pi. 32, f. 7. Neg. 27232.
Amazonas: Andes of Chachapoyas, Mathews, type.
39. Centropogon loretensis E. Wimm., sp. nov.
Herba glabra erecta, verisimiliter ramis elongatis vel subscan-
dentibus; folia alterna, membranacea, luteo-viridia, obovato-oblonga,
17-27 cm. longa, 5-10 cm. lata, apice breviter et abrupte fere acumi-
nata, ad basin longe cuneata et in petiolum 2 cm. longum attenuata,
margine crenata, nervi laterales sub angulo semirecto arcuatim
ascendentes; flores in racemo sublaxo, 20 cm. longo, bracteato;
bracteae lanceolatae, acutae, pedicellum fere aequantes; pedicelli
ca. 25 mm. longi, glabri, basi minute bibracteolati ; hypanthium
418 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
semi-ovoideum, 5 mm. longum et latum; sepala sublinearia, 5 mm.
longa, subintegra, erecta, sinus inter ea rotundati; corolla 4 cm. longa,
purpurea, versus apicem aurantiaca, tubus corollae supra basin
parum constrictus (3 mm.) dein paullum sensim ampliatus et valde
curvatus, ad faucem ca. 9 mm. latus; lobi triangulari-lineares, falcati,
2 superiores 10, 3 inferiores 6-5 mm. longi; filamenta in tubum an-
gustum connata, pubescentia, 4 cm. longa; antherarum tubus flavo-
cinereus, in commissuris pilis longiusculis lutescentibus praeditus,
8 mm. longus; antherae 2 inferiores apice appendice triangulari
munitae; stigma bilobum, lobi subrotundi, divaricati. C. granuloso
affinis.
Loreto: Forest below Pongo de Manseriche, 155 meters, G. Tess-
mann 3906 (type in herb. Berlin).
40. Centropogon luteus E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 19: 247.
1924. C. aurantiacus Gleason, Bull. Torrey Club 52: 7. 1925.
C. Caoutchouc Gleason, loc. cit. saltern p. p.
Suffrutescent, with climbing branches, glabrescent below, ochre-
ous-tomentose above; leaves elliptic, 11-17 cm. long, 5-7 cm. wide,
abruptly short-acuminate at the apex, acute to subrounded at the
base, narrowed into a petiole 11-15 mm. long, subentire or callous-
denticulate, the upper surface thinly and minutely stellate-pilose,
the lower thinly and on the veins densely cinereous-ochreous-
stellate-tomentose; pedicels axillary, 3-6 cm. long, bibracteolate at
the base; hypanthium depressed-globose, tomentose; sepals sub-
linear, 10-17 mm. long, tapering regularly to the tip, entire or few-
denticulate, thinly tomentose, erect; corolla 4 cm. long, yellow or
orange-red without, yellow within, thinly stellate-pilose (form a);
filaments pubescent; anther tube 8 mm. long, beset with long, sordid
hairs, or glabrate.
Huahuco: Muria, trail to Tambo de Vaca, among shrubs, 2,300
meters, 4306. Colombia; Ecuador.
41. Centropogon Macbridei Gleason, Bull. Torrey Club 52:
18. 1925.
Stem shrubby, climbing, 5 meters long, densely ferruginous with
stellate tomentum when young; petiole stout, 9-15 mm. long; leaf
blades elliptic-oblong to elliptic-rhomboid, 10-12 cm. long, 4-4.5 cm.
wide, subacuminate, cuneate to the base, callous-denticulate, the
upper surface rough with stellate pubescence, thinly so on
the surface, densely so along the midvein, similarly pubescent on the
lower surface and with rows of crowded hairs on the veins and
FLORA OF PERU 419
veinlets; pedicels 7-11 cm. long, tomentose, minutely subulate-
bracteolate near the base; sepals linear-triangular, 12-15 mm. long,
tomentose, with a few minute, callous teeth, suberect; corolla orange-
red without, yellow within, about 45 mm. long (form a); filaments
pubescent; anther tube 9-10 mm. long, glabrous or with scattered
hairs on the connectives.
Huanuco: Huacachi, near Muiia, 2,000 meters, 4183, type.
Colombia.
42. Centropogon macrophyllus (G. Don) E. Wimm. Notizbl.
Bot. Gart. Berlin 10: 733. 1929. Siphocampylus macrophyllus
G. Don, Syst. 3: 704. 1834. Lobelia macrophylla Presl, Prodr.
Monogr. Lobel. 39. 1836. C. amplifolius Vatke, Linnaea 38: 716.
1874.
A stout, nearly glabrous, erect herb; leaves obovate-oblong,
22 cm. long, 7-10 cm. wide, short-acuminate, long-cuneate into an
indefinite petiole about 2 cm. long, subentire with callous teeth,
glabrous or beneath inconspicuously puberulent; bracts oblanceolate-
linear to linear, 15-27 cm. long; pedicels 15-30 mm. long, glabrous
or puberulent; sepals 10-16 mm. long, entire, erect, sublinear;
corolla rose-colored, glabrous, 3-4 cm. long (form a); filaments
puberulent toward the summit; anther tube pilose at the base, 6 mm.
long. Neg. 29444.
Peru: Without data, Pavdn; Warscewicz 10. Huanuco: Cochero,
Poeppig 1093 (type of C. amplifolius). Colombia.
42a. Centropogon macrophyllus f. minoratus E. Wimm.,
f. nov.
In omnibus partibus minor; pedicelli 12-15 mm. longi; sepala
7 mm. longa; corolla 28 mm. longa; antherae pilosae, 5 mm. longae.
Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1,200 meters, Schunke 1778 (type
in Herb. Field Mus.).
43. Centropogon Mandonis A. Zahlbr. Ann. Hofmus. Wien 6:
438. 1891.
Suffrutescent, with ferruginous-tomentose branches; petioles 6-8
mm. long, tomentose; leaf blades lance-oblong, 10-12 cm. long,
3-4 cm. wide, subacuminate, acute at the base, densely callous-
denticulate, above rough with sparse, stellate hairs, beneath sub-
tomentose on the midrib and veins; pedicels axillary, 12-14 cm.
long, tomentose, bibracteolate above the base; hypanthium nearly
globose, about 1 cm. in diameter; sepals lanceolate or ovate-oblong,
420 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
15-25 mm. long, 4-8 mm. wide, acute, denticulate, erect; corolla
(form b) red, scarcely tomentose, 35 mm. long, at the throat 12 mm.
wide when pressed, the lobes 22-16 mm. long; filaments adnate to
the corolla base, pubescent toward the upper portion; anther tube
densely hirsute, 15 mm. long. Neg. 9098.
Puno: Between Sandia and Cucuyo, bushes near the river, 2,800
meters, Weberbauer 880. More frequent in Bolivia.
44. Centropogon nervosus E. Wimm. Bull. Torrey Club 52:
13. 1925.
A tall shrub with whitish-yellowish tomentum; leaves oblong-
elliptic, 21 cm. long, 7 cm. wide, tapering regularly to an acute or
subacuminate apex, cuneate to a petiole 15-25 mm. long, callous-
denticulate, both surfaces thinly stellate-pilose, more densely so
along the veins, the lateral veins numerous, 4-5 mm. apart, almost
straight, ascending; pedicels axillary, 4-7 cm. long, bibracteolate
above the base; sepals triangular, 3 mm. long, entire; corolla 4 cm.
long, red, tomentose (form a); filaments and anthers glabrous.
Cuzco: Lucumayo Valley, 1,800-3,600 meters, Cook & Gilbert
1374, type.
45. Centropogon ostrinus E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 29: 67.
1931.
A climbing, suffrutescent plant with pendent branches, quite
glabrous; petiole 5 mm. long; leaves ovate-rounded to oval-rounded,
4.5 cm. long, 3.5 cm. wide, rounded at both ends, slightly crenate,
pale beneath; flowers in an elongate raceme; bracts round, about
2 cm. long; pedicels 3-4 cm. long; hypanthium hemispheric; sepals
9 mm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, linear, obtuse, undulate, reflexed; corolla
(form a) purple, 32 mm. long; filaments glabrous, exserted; anther
tube 6 mm. long, glabrous, gray-blue and purple-striate.
Peru: Without locality, Lean.
46. Centropogon parvulus Gleason, Bull. Torrey Club 52:
56. 1925.
Branches climbing, faintly striate and scabrous-pubescent; petiole
stout, puberulent, 4 mm. long; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate or
narrowly oblong-elliptic, 8-12 cm. long, 2.5-3.5 cm. wide, acuminate,
sharply dentate, gradually tapering to an acute base, glabrous above,
minutely puberulent on the veins beneath; pedicels 15-25 mm. long;
hypanthium semi-ovoid; sepals triangular, 3 mm. long, glabrous;
corolla 33 mm. long, yellow, red toward the base, scabrellate (form a);
FLORA OF PERU 421
filaments pubescent toward the summit; anther tube hirsute with
pale yellow hairs.
Huanuco: Cushi, in forest, 1,500 meters, 4848, type.
47. Centropogon perlongus Gleason, Bull. Torrey Club 52:
19. 1925.
A tall shrub, densely tomentose with fulvous hairs, glabrescent
in age; petiole 15 mm. long; leaf blades ovate-lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate, those subtending the flowers 11-19 cm. long, 3.5-5 cm.
wide, acute or subacuminate, obtuse to subrotund at the base,
prominently callous-denticulate, thinly fulvous-stellate on the upper
surface, more densely so on the principal veins, beneath pale green,
thinly cinereous-stellate on the surface, densely so on the veins;
pedicels axillary, 13-15 cm. long, tomentose, bibracteolate above
the base; hypanthium short-cylindric, 12 mm. long and wide, densely
fulvous-stellate; sepals linear, 25-40 mm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, re-
motely callous-denticulate, spreading to reflexed; corolla 5 cm. long,
tomentose, the lobes all strongly deflexed, the upper pair 22 mm.
long; filaments villous; anther tube 1 cm. long, strongly hirsute with
yellow hairs in the fissures, especially distally; berry broadly ellipsoid,
3 cm. long, crowned by the persistent sepals, 5-6 cm. long.
Cuzco: Lucumayo Valley, 1,800-3,600 meters, Cook & Gilbert
1355, type.
48. Centropogon pilosulus E. Wimm. Notizbl. Bot. Gart.
Berlin 10: 732. 1929. C. pamplonensis E. Wimm. var. peruvianus
E. Wimm. op. cit. 734.
A suffrutescent, pilose herb; petioles 5 mm. long; leaves oval,
10 cm. long, 6 cm. wide, acute, subrotund at the base, callous-
denticulate, glabrous and shining above, pale and hirsute beneath;
flowers in a short, terminal raceme; bracts elliptic, acute, sessile,
about 1 cm. long; pedicels 20-25 mm. long; sepals sublinear, 8-11
mm. long, 2 mm. wide, acute, subdenticulate, suberect; corolla
orange-red 32 mm. long (form a); filaments glabrous; anther tube
7-8 mm. long, short-pilose.
Cajamarca: Prov. Jan, Chirinos, Raimondi 658. Prov. Hual-
gayoc, montana de Nancho, orilla de un riachuelo, 2,400 meters,
Raimondi 4597.
49. Centropogon Planchonis A. Zahlbr. Repert. Sp. Nov. 14:
133. 1915. C. pedicellaris Gleason, var. gallerensis Gleason, Bull.
Torrey Club 52: 58. 1925.
422 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
An herb 0.9-1.2 meters high, few-branched; leaves elliptic-
oblong, 17-29 cm. long, 4.5-7.2 cm. wide, gradually tapering to both
ends, with an acute apex, narrowed into a petiole 12-15 mm. long,
crenate, with callous teeth between the crenations, thin, glabrous,
somewhat glossy; flowers in a short, terminal raceme; bracts folia-
ceous, 4-1 cm. long, puberulent; pedicels 15-20 mm. long, puberulent,
minutely bibracteolate at the base; sepals sublinear, 5-8 mm. long,
erect with recurved apex, entire or subdenticulate, puberulent; corolla
36-43 mm. long, puberulent (form a); filaments glabrous; anther
tube 7-8 mm. long, hirsute.
Loreto: Balsapuerto, lower Rio Huallaga basin, dense forest,
150-350 meters, Killip & Smith 28342, 28648. Pebas on the Amazon
River, Williams 1695, 1788, 1793, 1904, 1929. Colombia.
50. Centropogon Preslii E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 19:
248. 1924.
A climbing shrub, ferruginous- tomentose, with slender branches;
petioles 4-5 mm. long; leaves ovate-oblong, 5-7 cm. long, 2-2.5 cm.
wide, rotund to subcordate at the base, callous-denticulate, sparsely
stellate-pilose above, densely tomentose beneath; flowers axillary;
pedicels 2-5 cm. long, tomentose, bibracteolate at the base; sepals
linear, 5-7 (11) mm. long, denticulate, suberect; corolla red, 32 mm.
long (form a); filaments puberulent; anther tube sparsely hirsute
distally or glabrous. Neg. 27238.
Peru: "In montibus Tunguragua," Herb. Presl (probably an
error). Junin: Camino de Vitoc a los altos de Palca, Isern 2297.
Ecuador (Andes of Quito, Spruce 5022, Jameson 492).
51. Centropogon puerilis E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 29: 68.
1931.
A glabrous shrub to 2 meters high; petiole 1 cm. long, slender;
leaf blades oblong-elliptic to ovate-oblong, 5-6 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide,
acuminate or acute, obtuse or rounded at the base, sharply dentate;
pedicels 35-45 mm. long, with 2 bractlets near the base; hypanthium
hemispheric, 7 mm. wide; sepals linear, 10-13 mm. long, few-dentic-
ulate, reflexed; corolla (form a) rose-colored, 36-40 mm. long;
filaments glabrous; anther tube 7 mm. long, hirsute.
Peru: Without locality, Mathews 1670. San Martin: Zepelacio,
near Moyobamba, mountain forest, 1,200-1,600 meters, Klug 3398.
52. Centropogon pulcher A. Zahlbr. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 451. 1906.
A climbing shrub with pendent branches; petioles glabrous,
8-15 mm. long; leaves ovate-oblong to oblong, 7-9.5 cm. long,
FLORA OF PERU 423
2.5-4 cm. wide, short-acuminate, acute at the base, subcrenate,
glabrous; hypanthium hemispheric; sepals linear, 4 mm. long, sub-
denticulate, erect; corolla red, puberulent, curved, 3 cm. long (form
a); filaments pubescent; anther tube long-pilose in the 3 upper
fissures.
Junin: Prov. Tarma, mountains east of Haucapistana, among
bushes, 2,000 meters, Weberbauer 2164, type.
53. Centropogon reticulatus Drake, Journ. de Bot. 3: 238.
1889.
An erect, glabrous herb; leaves elliptic, 9 cm. long, 4 cm. wide,
subacuminate, acute at the base and narrowed into a petiole 15-24
mm. long, minutely denticulate, beneath reticulate- venose, pale;
pedicels axillary, shorter than the subtending leaves, 6 cm. long,
bibracteolate at the base; hypanthium depressed-globose; sepals
triangular, acuminate, entire, somewhat spreading, 3 mm. long;
corolla (form a) 3 cm. long, violet, the upper lobes 11 mm. long,
the lower 6-4 mm. long; filaments puberulent, exserted; anther tube
7 mm. long, glabrous. Neg. 30945.
Peru: Probably. Ecuador, near Loja, Andre.
54. Centropogon roseus Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 8: 123.
1912.
An herb 1.2 meters high; leaves lanceolate or somewhat obovate-
lanceolate, 15-30 cm. long, 5-8 cm. wide, subacuminate, the margin
with dense, sharp, salient teeth, gradually narrowed into the in-
definite petiole, glabrous; bracts foliaceous, 25-40 mm. long; pedicels
25-30 mm. long; hypanthium hemispheric; sepals connate for 7 mm.,
the free parts ovate, densely salient-denticulate, 3-4 mm. long;
corolla (form a) rose-colored, glabrous, 35 mm. long, strongly curved;
stamens glabrous.
Peru: Probably occurring. Bolivia (Dept. La Paz, Tumupasa,
Williams 584)-
55. Centropogon rufus E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 19: 249.
1924.
A shrub 2 meters high, with dense, reddish-yellowish tomentum;
petioles stout, 15-25 mm. long; leaves elliptic, 12 cm. long, 5 cm. wide,
acuminate, narrowed to the rounded or obtuse base, subentire with
minute, callous teeth, stellate on the upper surface or glabrescent,
densely greenish-yellow- tomentose on the lower surface; pedicels
axillary, rufous-tomentose, 8-10 cm. long, bibracteolate near the base;
hypanthium broadly depressed-globose; sepals lanceolate, 14-18 mm.
424 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
long, 4 mm. wide, acuminate, entire, spreading; corolla (form a)
yellow, tomentose, 4 cm. long; filaments exserted, pubescent; anther
tube 6 mm. long, sparsely pilose, especially distally.
Libertad: Prov. Pataz, Valley of the Mixiollo, a left branch of
the Huallaga, 2,100-2,200 meters, Weberbauer 7044, type.
56. Centropogon scabiosus E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 19:
388. 1924.
Suffrutescent, ferruginous-stellate-pilose and rough; leaves lanceo-
late, 9-15 cm. long, 2.5-4.5 cm. wide, acuminate, acute at the base,
narrowed into a petiole 1 cm. long, regularly callous-dentate, sparsely
stellate on the upper surface, densely so on the lower surface, espe-
cially on the veins; flowers axillary; pedicels 5-6 cm. long, without
bractlets, shorter than the subtending leaves; sepals broadly tri-
angular, entire, acuminate, 2 mm. long; corolla red (?), stellate-pilose,
45 mm. long (form a), the lobes 12-7 mm. long; stamen column
glabrous; anthers 8 mm. long.
Amazonas: Prov. Chachapoyas, in the Andes, Mathews, type.
57. Centropogon sciaphilus A. Zahlbr. Ann. Hofmus. Wien 6:
435. 1891. C. ciliatus Gleason, Bull. Torrey Club 52: 58. 1925.
An erect, glabrous herb 30-90 cm. high; leaves obovate-oblong,
rarely rather oblong, 15-24 cm. long, 4.7-5.5 cm. wide, abruptly
acuminate, cuneate at the base into an indefinite petiole as much
as 8 mm. long, sharply and finely denticulate-ciliate with subulate,
callous teeth; inflorescence a short raceme, often subcapitate; floral
leaves ovate-oblong, 10-18 mm. long, acuminate, sessile, ciliate-
denticulate; pedicels 10-30 mm. long; sepals narrowly triangular,
8-10 mm. long, denticulate, suberect; corolla (form a) vermilion
or bright red, 3 cm. long, inflated at the throat; filaments yellow,
glabrous, not exserted; anther tube green, 7 mm. long, densely
hirsute on the 3 dorsal commissures with purplish hairs. Neg. 30966.
Peru: Without locality, in the subandean, gloomy and damp
forest, Poeppig 1651, type. Huanuco: Muna, dense forest, 3,100
meters, 4028 (type of C. ciliatus). Junin: Between Azupizu and
Santa Rosa, dense forest, 625 meters, Killip & Smith 26146. Puerto
Bermudez, 375 meters, Killip & Smith 26672, 26581.
58. Centropogon silvaticus E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 38:
6. 1935.
An erect, glabrous herb 50 cm. tall; leaves lanceolate, 8-10.5
cm. long, 0.8-1.2 cm. wide, subacuminate, narrowed into a petiole
FLORA OF PERU 425
5-7 mm. long, callous-denticulate; flowers axillary, crowded at the
summit, surpassed by the subtending leaves; pedicels 2-3 cm. long;
hypanthium semiovoid; sepals connate at the base for 8-10 mm.,
the free parts triangular, subacuminate, entire, 10 mm. long, at the
base 3-4 mm. wide; corolla (form a) blood-red, with white limb,
35 mm. long, inflated at the throat; filaments glabrous; anther tube
6-7 mm. long, pilose on the dorsal portion toward the summit.
Loreto: Balsapuerto, in forest, about 220 meters, King 3062,
type.
59. Centropogon subandinus A. Zahlbr. Repert. Sp. Nov. 14 :
141. 1915.
Suffrutescent or herbaceous, to 1.3 meters high, glabrous; leaves
elliptic-lanceolate, rarely ovate-oblong, 7-15 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide,
acuminate, at the base acutely narrowed into a petiole 2-3 cm. long,
finely fimbriate-dentate; flowers axillary; pedicels 8-14 cm. long,
bibracteolate at the base; hypanthium short-cylindric, truncate at
the base; sepals triangular-linear, 8-10 mm. long, callous-denticulate,
erect; corolla bright red with a whitish limb, 42-53 mm. long (form
a), on the lower side somewhat ventricose; stamens glabrous, long-
exserted; anther tube 10 mm. long, grayish blue. Spruce described
the flower as "sordid purple" and the plant as a "3-pedale, sub-
simple herb." Neg. 27242.
Junin: Llalla, in forest, Spruce 6048. Pangoa, Spruce. Ecuador.
60. Centropogon subcordatus A. Zahlbr. Repert. Sp. Nov.
14: 140. 1915.
A shrub with stellate- tomentose, ferruginous branches; leaves
with a stout petiole 6-7 mm. long, ovate, 3.5-7 cm. long, 1.8-4 cm.
wide, acute, subcordate at the base, rarely rounded or subacute,
callous-denticulate, sparsely stellate above, densely tomentose
beneath ; pedicels axillary, to 8 cm. long, tomentose; sepals triangular,
3 mm. long; corolla (form a) brick-red, ferruginous-tomentose, 34
mm. long; filaments pubescent; anther tube violet-blue, glabrous
or with a few hairs distally.
Huanuco: Huanuco, 2125 (det. Gleason). Ecuador; Colombia.
61. Centropogon Tessmannii E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 26:
8. 1929.
An herb 20-30 cm. high, sparsely villous, with creeping root;
petiole 8-35 mm. long; leaf blades ovate-elliptic, 12 cm. long, 6 cm.
wide, acute, rotund or acute at the base, doubly repand-dentate
426 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
to denticulate, thin, sparsely villous above, more densely so beneath,
especially on the veins; flowers axillary; pedicels 22-27 mm. long,
sub villous; hypanthium turbinate; sepals subulate, spreading, 5
mm. long; corolla crimson, sub villous, 6 cm. long, its tube 5 cm.
long, narrowed in the lower portion, 4 mm. wide when pressed, in
the upper portion gradually expanded to 10 mm., at the throat
again somewhat narrowed, the lobes triangular and subfalcate,
10-5 mm. long, 4 mm. wide; filaments glabrous, included; anther
tube 8 mm. long, pilose distally with lilac hairs. Neg. 9093.
Loreto: Rain forest at the mouth of Rio Santiago, 160 meters,
Tessmann 4%49, type. Right bank of Rio Santiago, Mexia 6229.
61a. Centropogon Tessmannii var. tenuiflorus E. Wimm.
Repert. Sp. Nov. 29: 69. 1931.
Leaves elliptic, rarely subovate; pedicels 2.5-3 cm. long; flowers
smaller and more slender; sepals 3 mm. long; corolla 43 mm. long,
at the constricted part 2 mm., toward the summit 8 mm. wide,
the lobes only 5 mm. long.
Peru: In damp forest on Rio Bombonasa, Spruce 4961, type.
62. Centropogon umbrosus E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 19:
250. 1924.
Suffrutescent, scarcely branched, 1 meter high, pilose; petiole
10-15 mm. long; leaf blades elliptic, 13-18 cm. long, 5-8 cm. wide,
acuminate, acute to acuminate at the base, callous-denticulate,
pilose; flowers in a dense, terminal corymb; bracts sublinear, acute,
12-24 mm. long; pedicels 4-5 cm. long, bibracteolate near the base;
sepals triangular, acute, suberect, 3 mm. long; corolla (form a)
purple, puberulent, 25 mm. long, falcate, the lobes 6-4 mm. long;
filaments puberulent; anther tube rather glabrous or with a few
hairs toward the summit.
Ayacucho: Prov. Huanta, road from Tambo via Osno to the
Rio Apurimac, 2,600-2,700 meters, Weberbauer 5616, type.
63. Centropogon urubambae E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov.
38: 7. 1935.
A glabrous shrub with climbing, slender, pendent branches;
leaves oblong, 4.5 cm. long, 1.5 cm. wide, acute, narrowed to a
petiole 1 cm. long, flat-crenate, interspersed with callous teeth;
inflorescence racemose, lax, long; bracts lanceolate, petioled; pedicels
3 cm. long; hypanthium depressed-globose, 7 mm. in diameter;
sepals linear, 6-7 mm. long, divaricate and toward the apex again
FLORA OF PERU 427
ascending; corolla crimson, 33 mm. long (form a) ; filaments glabrous;
anther tube 7 mm. long, lilac-pilose in the fissures.
Junin: Colonia Perene', 680 meters, Kittip & Smith 25048. La
Merced, thickets, 700 meters, Kittip & Smith 23762. Pichis Trail,
1,350-1,600 meters, Killip & Smith 25474. Cuzco: Urubamba
Valley, San Miguel, mountain Nucja, 1,800 meters, Cook & Gilbert
942. Urubamba Valley, 2,050 meters, Herrera 2682b.
63a. Centropogon urubambae var. estrellanus E. Wimm.
Repert. Sp. Nov. 38: 8. 1935.
Leaves broadly elliptic, 10 cm. long, 7 cm. wide, rounded at the
apex, at the base broadly cuneate to a petiole 15-20 mm. long;
pedicels 10-15 mm. long; corolla somewhat smaller.
Ayacucho: Estrella, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, dense
forest, 500 meters, Kittip & Smith 22643, type.
64. Centropogon verbascifolius (Presl) Gleason, Bull. Torrey
Club 52: 18. 1825. Lobelia verbascifolia Presl, Prodr. Monogr. Lobel.
38. 1836. Siphocampylus verbascifolius A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 7: 402.
1839. C. cinereus Gleason, op. cit. 15. C. cinereus f. odoiitosepalus
E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 29: 75. 1931.
A shrub 2 meters high, cinereous-ochreous-tomentose; petiole
stout, 15-30 mm. long; leaf blades elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 10-15
cm. long, 5-7 cm. wide, short-acuminate, broadly cuneate to sub-
rounded at the base, callous-denticulate, sparsely stellate-pilose
above, stellate-tomentulose on the surface, tomentose on the veins
beneath; pedicels from the upper axils, 2-5 cm. long, bibracteolate
at the base; hypanthium broadly hemispheric; sepals linear, 7-9
mm. long, denticulate, suberect; corolla (form a) brick-red, with
yellow limb, tomentulose, 35-40 mm. long; filaments thinly pu-
bescent; anther tube 8 mm. long, pilose on the fissures distally.
Peru: Without data, Herb. Presl, type. Junin: Carapata,
above Huacapistana, edge of forest, 2,700-3,500 meters, Killip &
Smith 24376. Prov. Tarma, mountains west of Huacapistana, among
bushes, 2,500-2,600 meters, Weberbauer 2184- Valle de Vitoc, Isern
2566. Colombia.
65. Centropogon vernicosus A. Zahlbr. Ann. Hofmus. Wien
6: 440. 1891.
Suffrutescent, pilose above; leaves oblong-elliptic, 12-15 cm.
long, 5-7 cm. wide, acuminate at both ends and at the base narrowed
into a petiole 10-12 mm. long, glabrous, glossy on the upper surface,
428 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
paler and pubescent on the lower surface; flowers in an elongate
raceme; rachis of the inflorescence ferruginous-pilose; bracts sub-
sessile, lanceolate, pubescent, 20-30 mm. long, 4-6 mm. wide;
pedicels about 2 cm. long, bibracteolate at the base; hypanthium
broadly hemispheric; sepals linear, 15-17 mm. long, denticulate,
suberect; corolla (form a) red(?), pubescent, 35 mm. long, subcurved;
filament column glabrous; anther tube densely hirsute. Neg. 30970.
Huanuco: Tambillo, Jelski 78, type.
66. Centropogon viriduliflorus E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov.
38: 16. 1935.
A shrub to 4 meters tall, ferruginous-stellate- tomentose; leaves
linear-lanceolate, 13 cm. long, 2 cm. wide, acuminate, at the base
subobtuse, the petiole 2-5 mm. long, the margin callous-dentic-
ulate, glabrous above, tomentose beneath; flowers axillary; pedicels
11-13 cm. long, floccose-tomentose, with 2 linear bractlets below
the middle, 13 mm. long; hypanthium urceolate-cylindric, 15 mm.
long, 10 mm. wide; sepals linear, acute, 27-32 mm. long, 2 mm.
wide, callous-denticulate, at first spreading, afterward reflexed;
corolla (form b) greenish, 52 mm. long, 10 mm. wide, the lobes
longer than the (20 mm. long) tube, sublinear, falcate, 38-27 mm.
long, 3-4 mm. wide; filaments pubescent; anther tube 10 mm. long,
densely brownish-pilose.
Cuzco: Marcapata, 3,300 meters, Weberbauer 7795, type.
67. Centropogon Weberbaueri A. Zahlbr. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 453.
1906.
A shrub to 2 meters high, densely ferruginous- tomentose; leaves
lanceolate, 7-12 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide, acuminate, callous-den-
ticulate, acute to obtuse at the base, sparsely stellate above, ochreous-
pilose beneath; flowers axillary; pedicels 5-12 cm. long; sepals
linear-lanceolate, 15 mm. long, at the middle 3 mm. wide, slightly nar-
rowed to the base, divaricate, denticulate near the tip; corolla (form
a) brick-red (?), tomentose, 35-40 mm. long; filaments puberulent;
anther tube 8 mm. long, pilose in the fissures.
Huanuco: Prov. Huamalies, mountains southwest of Monzon,
3,400-3,^00 meters, Weberbauer 3247, type.
68. Centropogon (?) Weddellii E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 26:
ll.pl 71, f. 9. 1929.
Apparently a shrub 1-2 meters high, brown-pilose; petiole stout,
1 cm. long; leaves ovate, 5 cm. long, 3-3.5 cm. wide, subacute,
FLORA OF PERU 429
truncate to subrounded at the base, the margin revolute and glandu-
lar-denticulate, on the upper surface wrinkled, glossy, glabrous, on
the lower surface reticulate and densely pilose; flowers axillary;
pedicels 4 cm. long, bibracteolate at the base; hypanthium broadly
turbinate; sepals sublinear, obtuse, suberect to spreading, sub-
denticulate, 6 mm. long; corolla greenish, with purplish hairs,
within pale and glabrous, its tube 8 mm. long, at the middle some-
what narrowed, the lobes triangular-linear, 10-6 mm. long; fila-
ment column glabrous; anther tube 6 mm. long, black-cinereous and
brown-striate, glabrous, somewhat pilose distally; 2 lower anthers
with fulvous, villous hairs at the apex. Perhaps this is rather a
species of Burmeistera.
Puno: Prov. Carabaya, in the mountains near Quiaca, Weddell
4646, type.
69. Centropogon yungasensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 19:
371. 1892.
A climbing shrub, often with pendent branches; leaves glabrous,
oblong to elliptic, 9-11 cm. long, 3.7-5.5 cm. wide, subacuminate
with an obtuse apex, obtuse or subrounded at the base, with a short,
marginate petiole, flat-crenate or slightly repand-denticulate;
flowers in a short or elongating raceme; bracts small, elliptic or
minute; pedicels 2-4 cm. long; hypanthium hemispheric; sepals
linear, obtuse, spreading to reflexed, 6-8 mm. long; corolla scarlet-
red (distally yellowish?), scabrellate or glabrous, 35 mm. long,
falcate (form a); filaments glabrous; anther tube 7 mm. long, with
purplish hairs in the fissures or glabrate.
Lima: Quebradas de San Mateo, Isern 2555. Cuzco: Pillahuata,
Cerro de Cusilluyoc, swampy place in forest, 2,100-2,300 meters,
Pennell 13957. Rio Yanamayo, in forest, 2,000-2,300 meters, Pennell
14055. Bolivia.
69a. Centropogon yungasensis var. angustior A. Zahlbr.
Bot. Jahrb. 37: 452. 1906.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 7.5-10.5 cm. long, 2.6-3.5 cm. wide,
acuminate, acute to obtuse at the base, flat-crenate; raceme elongate;
bracts ovate-oblong, with short petioles, 2 cm. long, 1 cm. wide;
pedicels 15-20 mm. long, puberulent; sepals linear-lanceolate,
denticulate, spreading, 8-11 mm. long; corolla 3 cm. long, puberulent.
Junin : Mountains of Yanangu, east of Huacapistana, open forest,
2,100-2,200 meters, Weberbauer 2131.
430 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
2. Lobelioideae-Capsuliferae
LOBELINAE
Corolla tube entire (Eusiphon) or longitudinally split on the
upper side to the base (Schizosiphon). Ovary 2-celled, with a cen-
tral placenta. Capsule loculicidally dehiscent at the apex by 2
valves.
7. SIPHOCAMPYLUS Pohl
Erect or climbing shrubs, suffrutescent plants, or coarse herbs.
Leaves alternate, rarely verticillate, mostly undivided, petiolate.
Flowers solitary in the axils of leaves or bracts, often arranged in
terminal racemes or corymbs, very rarely in lateral, umbelliform
racemes, pedicellate. Calyx mostly turbinate or hemispheric, with
5 distinct lobes. Corolla showy, 2-7 cm. long, occurring in 4 forms:
(a) the entire tube slender, curved or straight, above the base more
or less constricted, then gradually subventricose or funnel-shaped
to the limb, the filaments inserted in the corolla above the base,
the corolla lobes 3-5 times shorter than the tube; (b) the corolla
tube comparatively stout and nearly equally wide from the base to
the subinflated throat, the filaments often adnate to the corolla, the
corolla lobes as long as or somewhat longer than the corolla tube;
(c) tube as described previously, but the lowest corolla lobe separated
to the middle or nearly to the base of the tube and more or less
pendent, the filaments somewhat adnate to the corolla; (d) the
corolla tube short and attenuate below the inflated limb, the fila-
ments free from the corolla, the corolla lobes somewhat longer than
the tube. Filaments distinct below, connate upward into a narrow,
exserted column. Anther tube cylindric, slightly curved, the 2
lower anthers somewhat shorter and pilose-penicillate at the tip.
Style 1, with a 2-lobed stigma. Fruit a bilocular, many-seeded
capsule, dehiscent at the apex by 2 valves. Seeds globose to ellipsoid,
mostly brown, shining, 0.5-1 mm. long.
Siphocampylus grows chiefly on the higher mountains, especially
in the Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Besides, it is dis-
tributed on the West Indian Islands and from Costa Rica and
Venezuela to Bolivia and Argentina. There are at present known
240 species, of which 85 are found in Peru and the contiguous districts.
Several of them are used as ornamental plants. Fertilization is
accomplished chiefly by humming-birds.
Leaves and flowers verticillate 1. Verticillati.
Leaves alternate.
FLORA OF PERU 431
Inflorescence a short or elongate raceme.
Inflorescence a lateral, umbelliform raceme 2. Ectropid.
Inflorescence terminal.
Flowers forming a short, umbelliform raceme. 3. Corymboides.
Flowers forming an elongate raceme.
Flowers in the axils of small bracts. . .4. Bracteato-racemosi.
Flowers in the axils of leaves (leafy raceme).
5. Foliato-racemosi.
Flowers solitary in the axils of the upper leaves, often crowded
or corymbose at the summit.
Corolla form a; corolla tube 3-5 times longer than the lobes.
6. Dissitiflori.
Corolla form b-d; corolla tube as long as or shorter than the
corolla lobes.
Lowest corolla lobe very deeply separated; corolla form c.
7. Altofissi.
Corolla lobes almost equally deeply separated from the corolla.
Anther tube comparatively long (anthers 10-15 mm. long;
filaments 20-25 mm. long), the 2 lower anthers without
beard (at most with a few short hairs) . . 8. Megalandri.
Anther tube mostly stout (anthers 10-15 mm. long; fila-
ments 30-48 mm. long), often densely hirsute, the 2
lower anthers barbate 9. Megastomi.
1. Verticillati
Leaves oblong to elliptic, acuminate; sepals linear, 12-15 mm. long.
53. S. Orbignianus.
2. Ectropid
Leaves oblong, acute; sepals 3-5 mm. long 51. S. oblongifolius.
Leaves oblong, acuminate; sepals 10 mm. long. .48. S. membranaceus.
3. Corymboides
Leaves ovate to oblong-ovate, subacuminate, cordate or rounded
at the base; few flowers often in the uppermost leaf axils or the
raceme elongating 40. S. igneus.
4. Bracteato-racemosi.
Climbing shrubs with pendent branches. Flowers in the axils
of the small bracts, secund; pedicels mostly 1-2 cm. long (only S.
calodontus with pedicels 4-6 cm. long).
432 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
A. Corolla tube 7-10 mm. long, narrow (3-5 mm.), shorter than the
corolla lobes, which are linear and 20-25 mm. long.
Plants ferruginous-stellate- tomentose; leaves oblong, subcordate
at the base 43. S. loxensis.
Plants simple-hairy or nearly glabrate.
Leaves ovate, rounded at both ends; raceme often leafy.
30. S.fissus.
Leaves oblong, ovate-oblong, or obovate-oblong.
Leaves glossy; anthers glabrous 59. S. Pavonis.
Leaves dull; anthers pilose in the fissures. .36. S. floribundus.
Plants glabrous.
Leaves broadly ovate to elliptic, 3 cm. long, 2 cm. wide, mem-
branaceous; bracts elliptic, long-petiolate . 69. S. secundus.
Leaves ovate-oblong, 8 cm. long, 3 cm. wide, obtuse, coriaceous,
glossy; bracts oblong to lanceolate 54. S. ovatus.
Leaves elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 6 cm. long, 3 cm. wide, sub-
acuminate, coriaceous, dull; bracts subulate.
17. S. chloroleucus.
A. Corolla tube 30-40 mm. long, 3-5 times longer than the (10-15
mm. long) lobes.
Sepals reflexed, 6-7 mm. long.
Plant glabrous 15. S. calodontus.
Plant pubescent 18. S. tortuosus.
Sepals erect, rarely subrecurved at the tip.
Plants glabrous; sepals dentiform.
Leaves acuminate; raceme sometimes leafy below.
4. S. angustiflorus.
Leaves obtuse to rounded at the apex, rarely acute.
Leaves broadly elliptic to obovate-rounded . .S. carnosus.
Leaves oblong, ovate-oblong, or elliptic-oblong.
Bracts linear-lanceolate, sessile, shorter than the pedicels.
69. S. scandens.
Bracts oblong to elliptic, petiolate, often longer than the
pedicels 27. S. divaricatus.
Plants scabrellate-puberulent or pubescent.
Sepals dentiform; leaves ovate-oblong to elliptic, short-acu-
minate 31. S. flagelliformis.
FLORA OF PERU 433
Sepals linear, (4) 7-10 mm. long.
Leaves remotely denticulate; corolla 40-49 mm. long.
Plants pubescent; sepals 7 mm. long 14 S.Buesii.
Plant scabrellate-puberulent; sepals 4 mm. long.
60. S. penduliflorus var. asperatulus.
Leaves densely denticulate; corolla 6 cm. long.
63. S. pozuzensis.
5. Foliato-racemosi.
Stout, erect herbs 60-150 cm. high, mostly rather densely leafy,
with racemes 20-50 cm. long, that are wholly leafy or upward the
leaves reduced to foliaceous bracts. Petioles very short or none.
Anther tube pilose at the base.
Leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, acute, serrate-dentate.
12. S. biserratus.
Leaves triangular-oblong, subacute, callous-denticulate.
81. S. venustus.
Anther tube glabrous (except the terminal tuft of the lower anthers).
Leaves broadly ovate, cordate at the base 5. S. apricus.
Leaves triangular-elongate or ovate-oblong, rounded or truncate
at the base.
Sepals linear, entire, 5 mm. long 44. S. macropodioides.
Sepals triangular or triangular-linear, callous-denticulate; leaves
acute at the apex 79. S. tupaeformis.
Leaves ovate-linear, oblong-linear, or linear.
Sepals triangular, callous-denticulate; leaves ovate-linear, the
upper leaves nearly linear, acute 20. S. Coltinya.
Sepals triangular, entire.
Leaves narrow-oblong, obtuse, mucronate or acute at the tip,
tomentulose beneath 33. S. foliosus var. subcanus.
Leaves ovate-linear to linear, 14 cm. long, 1.3 cm. wide,
cuspidate at the apex, rounded at the base, sessile.
79. S. tupaeformis var. stenophyllus.
Leaves oblong, 7 cm. long, 2 cm. wide, acute, obtuse at the
base, strongly reticulate and tomentulose beneath.
41. S. Krauseanus.
6. Dissitiflori.
A majority of the species belong to this group. The axillary
flowers are more or less remote from one another, or congested,
434 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
mostly long-pedicellate, but often shorter than the subtending
leaves.
A. Hypanthium depressed-globose or hemispheric, rounded at the
base, mostly broader than long.
Leaves ovate-subcordate to broadly rounded at the base.
Leaf tip rounded, mucronate 5. S. apricus.
Leaf tip acuminate 44. S. macropodioides.
Leaves subrotund to acute at the base.
Leaves ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate.
Filaments pubescent; corolla 45 mm. long. 13. S. boliviensis.
Filaments glabrous; corolla 25-35 mm. long. 64. S. puberulus.
Leaves elliptic, oblong, oblong-linear, or lanceolate.
Sepals linear, 15-20 mm. long; stamens white- villous.
68. S. sanguineus.
Sepals 3-10 mm. long; stamens glabrous.
Lower surface of the leaves strongly reticulate and more
or less arachnoid.
Lower leaf surface white-arachnoid 6. S. arachnes.
Lower leaf surface scarcely arachnoid.
Leaves oblong, 7-8 cm. long, 2 cm. wide; sepals
denticulate 67. S. salviifolius.
Leaves oblong to ovate-elliptic; sepals entire.
62. S. phaeton.
Lower surface of the leaves sparsely or densely pubescent.
Pedicels 7-8 cm. long; leaves sparsely pubescent.
72. S. sparsipilus.
Pedicels 1-4 cm. long; leaves densely pubescent beneath.
Corolla tube abruptly and strongly curved.
28. S. Dossennus.
Corolla tube nearly straight.
Leaves elliptic-oblong, 8 cm. long, 2.7 cm. wide;
corolla lemon-yellow 18. S. citrinus.
Leaves narrow-oblong, 8 cm. long, 1.3 cm. wide.
45. S. macrostemon.
A. Hypanthium almost none (at first short, broadly turbinate or
short-hemispheric and much broader than long).
Leaves oblong-ovate, acuminate, subcordate to rounded at the
base, scarcely stellate-pubescent 74. S. stenolobus.
FLORA OF PERU 435
Leaves ovate-lanceolate or subovate-linear.
Sepals triangular, spreading.
Sepals entire.
Corolla 5 cm. long; leaves ovate-lanceolate, subacute.
3. S. andinus.
Corolla 6 cm. long; leaves triangular-oblong, acute.
3. S. andinus var. elegantissimus.
Sepals with few teeth; corolla 7 cm. long.
3. S. andinus var. solemnis.
Sepals linear-lanceolate or triangular-linear, denticulate or
subentire, spreading to reflexed.
Sepals linear-lanceolate, subobtuse, at least reflexed, 2 cm.
long 71. S. soraticus.
Sepals sublinear, acute.
Leaves lance-linear, somewhat broader in the lower portion.
71. S. soraticus var. angustus.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate 19. S. Clotho.
A. Hypanthium turbinate or obconic, acute at the base.
B. Leaves narrowed at the base.
C. Leaves lanceolate to linear.
Leaves linear.
Leaves white-tomentose beneath .... 65. S. rosmarinifolius.
Leaves very narrow, quite glabrous 40. S. nobilis.
Leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends.
Sepals with 1 to 3 teeth on each side.
Leaves glabrous 85. S. Williamsii.
Leaves with dense pubescent warts 29. S. Elfriedi.
Sepals entire.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, 20-25 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide,
granular-roughened beneath 73. S. Spruceanus.
Leaves lanceolate, somewhat obovate, 20 mm. long, 5
mm. wide, subacute, cuneate at the base, glabrous,
glossy; sepals 3-4 mm. long 57. S. parvifolius.
Leaves lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, acute at both ends.
7 cm. long, 1 cm. wide; sepals 5-6 mm. long.
21. S. comosus.
Leaves lance-oblong or oblong (9 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide).
436 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Leaves glabrous, ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate.
Sepals dentiform, 1 mm. long 58. S. parvilobus.
Sepals subulate, 3 mm. long, recurved at the tip.
61. S. peruvianus.
Sepals narrow-triangular, 7 mm. long, erect; corolla 35 mm.
long 8. S. attenuatus.
Leaves pubescent or arachnoid on the lower surface.
Sepals subulate, entire, 5 mm. long; leaves pubescent
beneath 55. S. pallidus.
Sepals sublinear, subdenticulate, 12-16 mm. long.
Pedicels very long, 13-15 mm 82. S. versicolor.
Pedicels 5-9 cm. long.
Leaves lance-oblong, acute at both ends, 9 cm. long,
2.3 cm. wide; lower surface of the leaves and calyx
arachnoid-tomentose 10. S. bichromatus.
Leaves oblong, sometimes subovate-oblong, subacute,
9 cm. long, 3.2 cm. wide; lower leaf surface very
thinly arachnoid 62. S. phaeton.
C. Leaves ovate or elliptic.
Plants ferruginous- tomentulose or -pubescent; leaves ovate
or oblong-ovate, acute, 3 cm. long, 2 cm. wide.
22. S. correoides.
Plants scarcely pubescent.
Leaves elliptic, subacute, subrounded at the base, on the
upper surface rugose and lustrous. . .36. S. heliades.
Leaves elliptic, mostly broader below the middle, short-
acuminate, acute or subrounded at the base, on the
upper surface plane and dull 34. S. Goebelii.
B. Leaves rounded or cordate at the base; all leaves of an ovate
type.
Leaves small, broadly ovate, 12-20 mm. long, 9-14 mm. wide,
subacute; corolla 6 cm. long 42. S. Lobbii.
Leaves much larger (except sometimes the uppermost floral
leaves).
Sepals subulate, 2-5 mm. long.
Leaves callous-denticulate; corolla 58 mm. long.
37. S. Helmuti.
Leaves sinuate-dentate; corolla 35-45 mm. long.
16. S. Candollei.
FLORA OF PERU 437
Sepals triangular, triangular-lanceolate, or linear, 6-23 mm.
long.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, subacute, remotely denticulate.
3. S. andinus.
Leaves oblong-ovate or ovate, rarely elliptic, at the base
often subcordate.
Sepals triangular.
Corolla 6 cm. long; sepals 12-16 mm. long, spreading.
3. S. andinus var. solemnis.
Corolla 5 cm. long; sepals 6-7 mm. long, erect.
38. S. Humboldtianus.
Sepals narrow-linear, 7-23 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad.
Plants glabrous; leaves subcoriaceous, glossy.
76. S. subcordatus var. dives.
Plants puberulent or tomentose, at least on the lower
leaf surface.
Anther tube pilose in the fissures.
Leaves more or less puberulent on the lower leaf
surface.
Sepals 9-12 mm. long.
Leaf tip obtuse 76. S. subcordatus.
Leaf tip gradually acuminate. .7. S. argutus.
Sepals 16-19 mm. long 11. S. bilabiatus.
Leaves tomentose on the lower surface.
Pedicels 9-10 cm. long, with 2 bractlets at the
base; tomentum gray 52. S. onagrius.
Pedicels 5-7 cm. long, without bractlets;
tomentum brown 26. S. dependens.
Anther tube glabrous.
Plants tomentulose, except the upper leaf surface.
Corolla 46 mm. long; tomentum gray.
26. S. dependens var. undulatus.
Corolla over 6 cm. long; tomentum lurid-yel-
lowish.
Plants with scattered pubescence.
Sepals 15-20 mm. long, spreading to reflexed.
74. S. stenolobus.
Sepals 7-10 mm. long, suberect.
9. S. aurocinctus.
438 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
7. Altofissi
Shrubs 1-2 meters high with corymbiform inflorescences and
long-pedicellate flowers. The corolla is striking from the deep
separation of the lowest corolla lobe, which is commonly separated
nearly to the base; in only 2 cases is it separated only to the middle
of the corolla. The filaments are inserted in the corolla tube above
the base.
Lowest corolla lobe separated from the corolla at the middle of the
latter.
Leaves ovate-oblong, subcordate to rounded at the base.
56. S. palilloanus.
Leaves lanceolate, acute at the base 1. S. actinothrix.
Lowest corolla lobe separated nearly to the base of the corolla.
Leaves linear-lanceolate 23. S. corynellus.
Leaves obovate-oblong to elliptic-oblong.
Sepals ovate, 2 mm. long; leaves densely short-pilose beneath.
50. S. obovatus.
Sepals triangular to linear, 3-7 mm. long; leaves arachnoid-
tomentulose beneath 24. S. corynoides.
8. Megalandri
Suffrutescent plants or shrubs, 1.5-3 meters high, with corymbi-
form inflorescences, long-pedicellate flowers, and greenish white,
reddish-tinged corollas. The corolla recalls Burmeistera in having a
similar shape, also the terminal tufts of hairs are absent from the 2
lower anthers and the filaments are not inserted in the corolla.
Sepals triangular, acuminate, entire, 3 mm. long. . .25. S. cutervensis.
Sepals sublinear, denticulate, 10-17 mm. long.
Pedicels without bractlets; leaves gray-yellowish-pubescent on
the lower surface 46. S. Matthiaei.
Pedicels bibracteolate at the base; leaves whitish-tomentose
beneath 84. S. Weberbaueri.
9. Megastomi
Branched shrubs 1-4 meters high, with corymbose, long-
pedicellate flowers. The tube of the corolla is straight and nearly
equally wide or somewhat dilated to the throat. The filaments are
mostly free from the corolla. The corolla lobes are as long as or longer
than the corolla tube.
FLORA OF PERU 439
Anther tube glabrous or nearly so.
Leaves lanceolate to lance-oblong, glabrous, somewhat scabrous.
83. S. veteranus.
Leaves oblong to ovate-oblong, glutinous-pubescent beneath.
80. S. Vatkeanus.
Leaves ovate, acute to acuminate, subcordate to rounded at the
base, scarcely puberulent on the veins beneath; anther tube
distally sparsely pubescent, at the tip scarcely pilose.
66. S. Rusbyanus.
Anther tube densely hirsute, 12-15 mm. long, 5-7 mm. wide.
Leaves sublinear to lanceolate, dense.
Leaves sessile, sublinear, 11-13 cm. long, 0.6-0.8 cm. wide.
39. S.Jelskii.
Leaves petiolate, linear-lanceolate, 16-18 cm. long, 1.3-2 cm.
wide 39. S. superbus.
Leaves oblong to elliptic, not dense.
Pedicels without bractlets; filaments glabrous; leaves elliptic to
oblong, yellowish-pubescent beneath 2. S. albus.
Pedicels with 2 bractlets above the base; filaments pubescent;
leaves lance-oblong or oblong, ochreous-tomentulose be-
neath 47. S. megastoma.
1. Siphocampylus actinothrix E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov.
19: 253. 1924.
A rough, branched shrub; leaves lanceolate, 11-13.5 cm. long,
2.5-3 cm. wide, acuminate, acute at the base, unequally denticulate,
rough above, beneath, especially on the veins, with short-pilose
warts; petiole stout, 4-10 mm. long; flowers in the axils of the
upper leaves; pedicels 12-15 cm. long, with 2 bractlets above the
base; calyx lobes narrowly triangular, denticulate, spreading, 7 mm.
long; corolla dorsally red, ventrally yellowish, densely covered with
hairy warts, 36 mm. long, the 4 upper lobes 1 cm. long, the lowest
lobe nearly 2 cm. long because it is deeply separated; anther tube
8 mm. long, villous at the apex.
Cuzco: Pinasniocj, Panticalla Pass, Llancu, 3,600 meters, Cook
& Gilbert 1821, type. Valle del Urubamba, Ollantaitambo, 2,500
meters, Herrera 3576.
2. Siphocampylus albus E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 26: 17.
1929.
440 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
A shrub 4 meters high, gray-yellowish-pubescent; leaves elliptic
to oblong, 12-14 cm. long, 4-5.5 cm. wide, acuminate, callous-
denticulate, acute at the base, the narrowly winged petiole 1 cm.
long, glabrescent and glossy above, pubescent beneath, especially
on the veins; flowers axillary, crowded at the summit; pedicels 11-12
cm. long, pubescent; hypanthium hemispheric, 13 mm. in diameter
when pressed; sepals narrow-triangular, 18-20 mm. long, denticulate,
pubescent, suberect; corolla white, almost equally wide, 37 mm.
long, at the throat 12-15 mm. wide, pubescent, the lobes 16-22 mm.
long; filaments glabrous, adnate to the base of the corolla; anther
tube 13 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, densely yellowish-pilose on the
upper half.
Piura: Near Ayavaca, among bushes along the river, 2,700-2,800
meters, Weberbauer 6383, type.
3. Siphocampylus andinus Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 19:
373. 1892.
A shrub with slender, climbing branches; petiole tortuous, 5-6
mm. long; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 4-8 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide,
acute, remotely denticulate, rounded at the base, glossy, on the
veins beneath inconspicuously puberulent; pedicels axillary, 3 cm.
long; hypanthium very short or none; sepals ovate-lanceolate, sub-
acute, entire, spreading, 10-13 mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide at the base;
corolla crimson, puberulent, 5 cm. long; filaments pubescent; anther
tube glabrous.
Peru: Probably occurring. Bolivia (Unduavi, Rusby 941, type).
3a. Siphocampylus andinus var. elegantissimus E. Wimm.
Repert. Sp. Nov. 38: 22. 1935.
A shrub 3-4 meters high, climbing; leaves ovate- triangular,
gradually acute, broader, 5 cm. long, 2.5 cm. wide; pedicels 4-5 cm.
long; corolla 6 cm. long, at the throat 1 cm. wide; filaments glabrous;
anther tube 9 mm. long, on the back scarcely pubescent.
Peru: Not yet collected. Bolivia (La Paz, Buchtien 97, 98).
3b. Siphocampylus andinus var. solemnis E. Wimm. Repert.
Sp. Nov. 38: 23. 1935.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, gradually acute-cuspidate, 5 cm. long,
1.3 cm. wide; pedicels 3-4 cm. long; sepals 13-15 mm. long, 6 mm.
wide at the base, subdenticulate; corolla 7 cm. long; filaments
glabrous; anther tube scarcely pubescent on the back.
Peru: Probably. Bolivia (Bang 2491).
FLORA OF PERU 441
4. Siphocampylus angustiflorus Schlecht. in Lechler, Ber-
berid. Amer. Austr. 58. 1857 (nomen) ; ex Zahlbr. Bull. Torrey Club
24: 379. 1897.
A shrub to 2 meters high with pendent, slender, striate, granular-
scabrous branches; leaves short-petiolate, ovate-oblong, 4-5.7 cm.
long, 1.7-2.2 cm. wide, mostly acuminate and falcate, rounded at
the base, remotely callous-denticulate, often conduplicate, glabrous,
glossy; flowers in terminal, bracteate or (below) leafy racemes;
pedicels scabrous, 10-15 mm. long; hypanthium turbinate, with 5
dentiform lobes 1 mm. long; corolla purple to rose-colored, glabrous,
33 mm. long, the lobes sublinear, 10-15 mm. long; filaments glabrous,
3 cm. long; anther tube greenish, 5 mm. long, all the anthers pilose
at the apex, but the 2 lower longer ones hirsute. Neg. 30996.
Amazonas: East of Chachapoyas, between Tambo Almirante
and Bagazan, 2,700 meters, Weberbauer 4433. Cajamarca: Santa
Cruz, 2,100-2,400 meters, and Callayuc, in woods, 2,400 meters,
Pearce. Huanuco: Mountains southwest of Monzon, 2,500-2,900
meters, Weberbauer 3391. Playapampa, 2,700 meters, 4877. Puno:
Between Tambo Ichubamba and Tambo Yuncacoya, road from
Sandia to Chunchosmayo, 1,800-2,600 meters, Weberbauer 1102.
Without locality, Lechler 2649, type. Bolivia.
5. Siphocampylus apricus E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 22:
206. 1926.
A suffrutescent plant; leaves elliptic-ovate, 5-6 cm. long, 3.7 cm.
wide, cordate at the base, at the apex rounded and very short-
acuminate, the margin undulate and erose-denticulate, glabrous and
rugose above, puberulent beneath; flowers axillary, mostly forming
terminal and lateral, leafy racemes; pedicels 28 mm. long, puberulent,
bibracteolate above the base; hypanthium hemispheric, with 5
triangular, denticulate, puberulent, erect lobes 4-5 mm. long;
corolla yellow and red, puberulent, 32 mm. long, the lobes sublinear,
10-8 mm. long; filaments glabrous, 3 cm. long; anther tube 7 mm.
long, straw-colored.
Puno: On sunny slopes, hedges, and walls near Lake Titicaca,
Seler 135 p. p., type.
6. Siphocampylus arachnes E. Wimm. Notizbl. Bot. Gart.
Berlin 10: 743. 1929.
A suffrutescent plant with glabrous, pithy branches; petiole
1 cm. long; leaves oblong, 9 cm. long, 2.6-3 cm. wide, subacute,
acute at the base, the margin revolute and callous-denticulate,
442 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
rugose, glabrous, glossy above, reticulate and white-arachnoid-
tomentose beneath; flowers axillary, crowded at the summit, the
floral leaves mostly lanceolate; pedicels 4 cm. long, floccose, bibracteo-
late at the base; hypanthium depressed-globose; sepals sublinear,
10-12 mm. long, denticulate, erect, arachnoid; corolla red, glabrous,
44 mm. long, the lobes sublinear, about 12 mm. long; filaments
glabrous; anther tube 7 mm. long.
Junin: Chanchamayo, between Chontatamba and Marainioc,
Raimondi 2667, type.
7. Siphocampylus argutus A. Zahlbr. Bull. Torrey Club 24:
383. 1897.
A suffrutescent, climbing plant with slender, glabrous, pendent
branches; leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, 10 cm. long, 4 cm. wide,
gradually acuminate, cordate at the base, unequally sharp-denticu-
late, dull and very minutely puberulent on the upper surface, more
so along the midvein above, glossy and glabrous beneath; pedicels
17-19 mm. long, puberulent; hypanthium campanulate-turbinate;
sepals subulate, 8-10 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, entire, puberulent,
at last recurved; corolla crimson, puberulent, about 46 mm. long;
filaments pubescent; anther tube white-pilose along the commissures.
Peru: Probably. Bolivia (Yungas, Bang 2045, type).
8. Siphocampylus attenuatus (Presl) A. DC. in DC. Prodr.
7: 398. 1839. Lobelia attenuate, Presl, Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 34. 1836.
Branches glabrous, olive-green, pithy; petiole about 8 mm. long;
leaf blades ovate-lanceolate, 9 cm. long, 2.5 cm. wide, gradually
acuminate-cuspidate, rounded at the base, remotely denticulate,
glabrous, glossy; flowers axillary, racemose or corymbose at the
summit, the floral leaves much smaller (5-3 cm. long); pedicels
35 mm. long, puberulent, bibracteolate below the middle; hypan-
thium obconic, puberulent; sepals sublinear, 8 mm. long, entire,
suberect; corolla red(?), puberulent, straight, 36 mm. long, the
lobes linear, 8-12 mm. long; stamens glabrous. Neg. 30997.
Without locality, Herb. Presl.
9. Siphocampylus aurocinctus E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov.
19: 243. 1924.
A shrub 2 meters high, sometimes climbing; leaves with petioles
8-15 mm. long and puberulent, elliptic to ovate-elliptic, acute,
subrotund at the base, callous-denticulate, 8-15 cm. long, 4-8.5 mm.
wide, glabrous above, pubescent, especially on the veins, beneath;
FLORA OF PERU 443
flowers axillary, often crowded at the summit, the floral leaves then
oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, acute at the base; pedicels 4 cm. long,
pubescent, without bracteoles; hypanthium campanulate-turbinate,
pubescent; sepals linear, 10-11 mm. long, pubescent, spreading, with
1-2 teeth on each side; corolla scarlet, with orange-red limb, puberu-
lent, 40-46 mm. long, the lobes linear, 12-15 mm. long; stamen tube
glabrous.
Ay acucho : Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, open woods,
750-1,000 meters, Kittip & Smith 22689. Prov. Huanta, road
from Tambo via Osno to Rio Apurimac, above Aina, 1,500-1,700
meters, Weberbauer 5598, type.
10. Siphocampylus bichromatus E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov.
19: 253. 1924.
A shrub 2 meters high with granular and upward arachnoid-
floccose branches; petiole 6-8 mm. long; leaf blades lanceolate,
8-10 cm. long, 2.2 cm. wide, acute at both ends; irregularly dentic-
ulate, glabrous and rugose above, white-arachnoid-tomentose
beneath; flowers axillary, corymbiformly arranged at the summit;
pedicels 5-7 cm. long, floccose, with 2 minute bractlets above the
base; hypanthium turbinate, tomentose; sepals linear, denticulate,
suberect, floccose-tomentulose, 11 mm. long; corolla scarlet with
orange-red limb, glabrous, nearly straight, 35 mm. long, the lobes
sublinear, about 11 mm. long; stamen tube glabrous.
Huancavelica: Prov. Tayacaja, mountains at the left side of Rio
Mantaro, northeast of Salcabamba, 3,300 meters, Weberbauer 6504,
type.
11. Siphocampylus bilabiatus A. Zahlbr. Bull. Torrey Club
24: 382. 1897.
An erect, stout herb with terete, puberulent, pithy branches;
petiole tortuous, puberulent, 9-12 mm. long; leaves ovate-triangular,
9 cm. long, 3.4 cm. wide, gradually tapering to the tip, subcordate
to rounded at the base, remotely exserted-denticulate, glabrous and
rugose above, puberulent beneath; flowers axillary; pedicels 25-55
mm. long, puberulent, without bractlets; hypanthium turbinate;
sepals linear, 16-21 mm. long, spreading, entire, glabrescent; corolla
puberulent, nearly straight, scarcely dilated to the throat, 55 mm.
long, 8 mm. wide at the throat when pressed, the 2 upper lobes grown
together nearly to the middle, 22 mm. long, the 3 lower lobes nearly
equal, 16 mm. long; filaments, especially on the lower side, puberu-
lent; anther tube 9 mm. long, white-pilose in the fissures.
Peru: Perhaps occurring. Bolivia (Yungas, Bang 2464, type).
444 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
12. Siphocampylus biserratus (Cav.) A. DC. in DC. Prodr.
7: 397. 1839. Lobelia biserrata Cav. Icon. 6: 10. pi 514. 1801.
S. Cavanillesianus G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3: 702. 1834.
A coarse herb 60-90 cm. high; leaves short-petiolate or nearly
sessile, ovate, 6.5 cm. long, 3 cm. wide, acute, rounded at the base,
unequally dentate or doubly dentate, sparsely puberulent above,
gray-tomentulose beneath ; flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves,
but mostly approximate and thus forming a leafy raceme; pedicels
15-20 mm. long, tomentose, bibracteolate above the base; hypan-
thium hemispheric, tomentose; sepals subulate, 2-4 mm. long, dentic-
ulate, tomentose, recurved at the tip; corolla yellow streaked with
orange-red, glabrous or pubescent along the nerves, about 44 mm.
long, the lobes linear, 16 mm. long; filaments glabrous; anther tube
glabrous, with 5 little tufts of hairs at the base.
Ancash: Prov. Cajatamba, Ocros, on grassy mats with inter-
spersed shrubs, 3,200-3,400 meters, Weberbauer 2665. Junin: Be-
tween Palca and Chanchamayo, Raimondi 12381. Lima: Near
Buenaventura, Nee, type in herb. Madrid. Matucana, 363. Above
Obrajillo, Pennell 14425. Rio Blanco, open hillside, 3,500 meters,
Killip & Smith 21623. San Damian, Raimondi 10688. Between
San Mateo and Tarma, Raimondi 12382. Department unknown:
Anchi, river bank, Salvatier. Without data: MacLean.
12a. Siphocampylus biserratus var. petiolaris E. Wimm.
Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 10: 737. 1929.
Petioles 5-7 mm. long; leaf blades subovate-oblong to oblong,
5.6 cm. long, 2 cm. wide, acute to obtuse, at the base shortly cuneate
to acute, sharply dentate.
Junin: Between Palca and Chanchamayo, Raimondi 2396.
Lima: Near Obrajillo in the Valley of Canta, Cruckshanks. Quebrada
de San Mateo, Isern 2090.
Siphocampylus biserratus var. latifolius A. DC. loc. cit. (leaves
larger and sessile; Peru, Matthews 520) is not different from the type.
13. Siphocampylus boliviensis A. Zahlbr. Ann. Naturhist.
Hofmus. Wien 6: 443. 1891.
A coarse herb or a suffrutescent plant; stem gray-tomentose
above; petiole 15 mm. long; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 16 cm. long,
3.5 cm. wide, gradually tapering to the tip, subacute at the base,
densely and finely denticulate, rugose and dull on the upper surface,
pubescent and along the midvein tomentose beneath; flowers solitary
in the axils of the upper leaves and becoming corymbose at the
FLORA OF PERU 445
summit; pedicels about 10 cm. long, pubescent; hypanthium de-
pressed-globose, tomentulose; sepals triangular, 4-5 mm. long, entire,
puberulent, erect; corolla red(?), puberulent, straight, 45 mm. long,
the lobes linear, 15-18 mm. long; filaments pubescent; anthers
glabrous. Neg. 9082.
Peru: Probably. Bolivia (near Sorata, along fences and woods
everywhere, 2,700-3,300 meters, Mandon 496, type; Rusby 645.
Yungas, Weddell 4268).
14. Siphocampylus Buesii E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 38:
17. 1935.
A climbing shrub with angular, ferruginous-scabrous-pubescent
branches; petiole 4 mm. long; leaves elliptic-oblong to ovate-oblong,
35-44 mm. long, 15-18 mm. wide, subacuminate, rotund at the base,
callous-denticulate, glabrous above, villous beneath especially on
the veins; pedicels in the axils of leaves or bracts, pubescent, 7 mm.
long; inflorescence probably a terminal raceme; hypanthium obconic;
sepals sublinear, 7 mm. long, entire, pubescent, erect; corolla red(?),
puberulent, 49 mm. long; filaments glabrous; anther tube 7 mm.
long, pilose at the apex. This species is closely related to S. angusti-
florus, from which it differs in its pubescence, sepals, and corolla.
Cuzco: Bues, type.
15. Siphocampylus calodontus E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov.
29: 87. pi. 128, j. 4- 1931.
A glabrous, climbing shrub; petioles 3-5 mm. long; leaves oblong,
6-8 cm. long, 2.5-3 cm. wide, acute at both ends, densely and finely
sharp-dentate; flowers in loose, corymbiform racemes; bracts small,
lanceolate; pedicels 40-55 mm. long; hypanthium hemispheric;
sepals 7 mm. long, reflexed, triangular-linear, subdenticulate; corolla
red, nearly straight, 40 mm. long, the lobes sublinear, 10 mm. long;
stamen tube glabrous.
Cajamarca: Santa Cruz, 2,100-2,400 meters, Pearce, type.
16. Siphocampylus Candollei E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov.
22: 208. 1926. Lobelia laciniata Presl, Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 40.
1836. S. laciniatus A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 7: 397. 1839, vix G. Don,
Gen. Syst. 3: 704. 1834.
Stem herbaceous, erect, glabrous; petiole 5-15 mm. long; leaves
ovate to ovate-oblong, 7-10 cm. long, 1.7-4 cm. wide, gradually
tapering to the acute tip, subcordate to shortly cuneate at the base,
more or less deeply sinuate-dentate or irregularly and coarsely den-
446 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
tate, glabrous; pedicels axillary, 15-17 mm. long, bibracteolate at
the base; inflorescence mostly an elongate, leafy, terminal raceme;
hypanthium hemispheric- turbinate, subpubescent like the pedicels;
sepals sublinear, 4-5 mm. long, recurved at the tip; corolla orange-
red, glabrous, 4 cm. long, the lobes linear, about 1 cm. long; stamen
tube glabrous. Neg. 30999.
Lima: Tambo de Viso, on rocks near the Lima-Oroya railroad,
2,650 meters, Weberbauer 122, type. Matucana, southeastern rock
slope, 2892.
16a. Siphocampylus Candollei var. illustris E. Wimm.
Repert. Sp. Nov. 38: 75. 1935.
Differing from the type in its ovate-oblong leaves, which are
rounded and very shortly acuminate at the tip; also in the fiery-red
and somewhat longer corolla.
Moquehua: Carumas, in open mixed formation, Weberbauer
7273, type.
16b. Siphocampylus Candollei var. breviflorus E. Wimm.
Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 10: 746. 1929.
Generally smaller in all parts; leaves 5 cm. long, 2 cm. wide,
acute; pedicels 1 cm. long; sepals 1.5 mm. long; corolla 3 cm. long.
Lima: Cerro between Surco and Matucana, Raimondi 12211,
type.
17. Siphocampylus chloroleucus E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov.
38: 17. 1935.
A climbing, branched shrub; branches striate and tuberculate;
leaves elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 6 cm. long, 3 cm. wide, subacuminate,
narrowed at the base to a petiole 5-7 mm. long, the margin remotely
denticulate, glabrous; flowers in terminal, somewhat loose, one-sided
racemes; bracts subulate, small; pedicels 1 cm. long, scabrous;
hypanthium turbinate, with 5 dentiform lobes; corolla greenish
white, glabrous, 37 mm. long, its tube 8 mm., the lobes about 3 cm.
long; stamen tube glabrous.
Cuzco: Vilcabamba, 5143, 5774. Junin. Chanchamayo Valley,
1,500 meters, Schunke 489. La Merced, Hacienda Schunke, 1,200
meters, Pennell 14425.
18. Siphocampylus citrinus E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov.
38: 75. 1935.
Stem shrubby, thinly tomentose, 1.5 meters high; leaves short-
petioled (2-3 mm.), oblong, 9 cm. long, 2.8 cm. wide, obtuse at both
FLORA OF PERU 447
ends, the margin revolute, denticulate, rugose and glabrous above
but pubescent along the midvein, tomentose beneath; flowers solitary
in the axils of the upper leaves; pedicels 25 mm. long, pubescent at
the base; otherwise glabrous; hypanthium hemispheric; sepals sub-
linear, 6 mm. long, denticulate, ciliate, erect; corolla lemon-yellow,
35 mm. long, pubescent along the nerves, the lobes sublinear, about
13 mm. long; stamen tube glabrous.
Cuzco: Prov. Quispicanchi, Marcapata Valley, Chaupichaca,
mixed formation, 1,700 meters, Weberbauer 7829, type.
19. Siphocampylus Clotho E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 19:
254. 1924.
A quite glabrous, climbing shrub with slender branches; petioles
tortuous, 6-14 mm. long; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 8 cm. long, 1.4 cm.
wide, gradually tapering to the cuspidate tip, rotund to subacute
at the base, remotely denticulate; pedicels axillary, 5-11 cm. long,
often much longer than the subtending leaves; hypanthium almost
none; sepals linear, acute, divaricate to reflexed, undulate, entire,
10-15 mm. long; corolla scarlet, the 3 lower lobes orange-red, minutely
puberulent, 6 cm. long, 9 mm. wide at the throat when pressed, the
lobes nearly linear, 12-16 mm. long; filaments scarcely pubescent;
anther tube 8 mm. long, sparsely pilose along the commissures.
Cuzco: Beyond Janamanche, road from Cuzco to Santa Ana,
3,300 meters, Weberbauer 4972, type.
19a. Siphocampylus Clotho var. calvescens E. Wimm.
Repert. Sp. Nov. 19: 255. 1924.
Differing from the type by its shorter (3-5 cm. long) pedicels
and quite glabrous stamen tube.
Cuzco: Lucumayo Valley, Cook & Gilbert 1329, type.
20. Siphocampylus Coltinya E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov.
29: 84. 1931.
A suffrutescent plant a meter high ; stem obtuse-angular, puberu-
lent, leafy; lower leaves short-petiolate, the upper sessile; leaf blades
triangular-lanceolate, 10-15 cm. long, 2.5-2.8 cm. wide, gradually
tapering to the acute tip, rounded at the base and sharply dentate,
denticulate toward the apex, membranaceous, glabrous above,
puberulent beneath, the lateral veins ascending at an angle of about
70; flowers numerous, axillary, forming a leafy, terminal raceme
about 30 cm. long, the upper floral leaves smaller, lanceolate; pedicels
25 mm. long, hirtellous, with 2 subulate bractlets above the base;
hypanthium broadly turbinate, hirtellous; sepals narrowly triangular,
448 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
3-4 mm. long, denticulate; corolla scarlet on the upper side, yellow
on the lower, inconspicuously puberulent, 4 cm. long, its lobes linear,
about 15 mm. long; stamen tube glabrous.
Ayacucho: Hacienda Totorobamba, southwest of Ayacucho,
3,500-3,600 meters, Weberbauer 5462, type.
21. Siphocampylus comosus (Cav.) G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3:
702. 1834. Lobelia comosa Cav. Icon. 6: 9. pi. 512, f. 2. 1801. S.
virgatus A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 7: 398. 1839.
A suffrutescent plant a meter high ; leaves short-petioled, lanceo-
late, 30-48 mm. long, 5-8 mm. wide, acute at both ends, remotely
glandular-denticulate, glabrous above, pubescent beneath, especially
on the veins; flowers axillary, approximate at the summit; pedicels
3-4 cm. long, slightly pubescent, shorter than the subtending leaves;
hypanthium short- turbinate; sepals subulate, 4-6 mm. long, entire,
glabrescent, erect; corolla scarlet with a yellow limb, glabrous, 30-35
mm. long, the lobes linear, 12-14 mm. long; stamen tube glabrous.
Neg. 27250.
Without locality: Pavdn; Poeppig 1069 (Lobelia virgata Poepp.
mss.). Huanuco: In mountains, Herb. Presl. Prov. Huanuco,
valley of the Chinchao, grass steppe with interspersed shrubs, 1,500
-1,600 meters, Weberbauer 6815. Camino de Vitoc a los altos de
Palca, Isern 2293.
21a. Siphocampylus comosus var. atrichus E. Wimm., var.
nov.
Differt a specie typica glabritie totali, pedicellis parum longioribus
(4-5.5 cm. longis).
Huanuco: Huacachi near Muna, 1,350 meters, Macbride 3892,
type in Herb. Field Mus. Junin : Huacapistana, thickets and open
woods, 1,800-2,400 meters, Killip & Smith 24176.
22. Siphocampylus correoides A. Zahlbr. Bull. Torrey Club
24:382.1897.
A climbing shrub with slender, scabrous-hirtellous branches;
petioles 3-6 mm. long; leaves ovate to elliptic, 2.5-3 cm. long, 0.8-2
cm. wide, acute, subrounded at the base, remotely sharp-denticulate,
subcoriaceous, scabrellate above, ferruginous-puberulent beneath;
flowers axillary; pedicels 5-6 cm. long, puberulent; hypanthium
broadly turbinate; sepals dentiform, subdenticulate; corolla tube
curved, 2 cm. long, puberulent, the lobes linear, spreading, 15 mm.
long; stamen tube glabrous.
Peru: Probably occurring. Bolivia (Yungas, Bang 2483, type).
FLORA OF PERU 449
23. Siphocampylus corynellus Gleason, Torreya 25: 93. 1925.
S. Raimondii E. Wimm. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 10: 741. 1929.
Stem suffrutescent, thinly tomentose above; petiole 8-10 mm.
long; leaf blades oblong-linear, 6-11 cm. long, 0.8-1.5 mm. wide,
acute at both ends, denticulate, glabrous and rugose above, reticulate
and tomentulose beneath ; peduncles axillary, crowded at the summit,
6-9 cm. long; hypanthium broadly turbinate; sepals narrowly tri-
angular, 4-5 mm. long, erect; corolla whitish red, 34-38 mm. long,
glabrous, the lower lobe linear, about 27 mm. long, separated nearly
to the base, the upper lobes about 20 mm. long (corolla form c);
filaments glabrous, 21 mm. long; anther tube 12 mm. long, densely
woolly at the apex.
Department unknown: Panahuanca mountains, Mathews 1185,
type. Huancavelica; Prov. Tayacaja, between Colcabamba and
Paucarbamba, Raimondi 10264, type of S. Raimondii.
24. Siphocampylus corynoides E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov.
19: 255. 1924.
A shrub 2 meters high with stout, white-floccose-tomentose
branches; leaves obovate-oblong, 6-11 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide,
rounded at the apex, long-cuneate to the base and narrowed to a
petiole 9-11 mm. long, the margin denticulate, glabrescent above,
pale and arachnoid-tomentose beneath; flowers axillary, corymbose
at the summit; pedicels 7-9 cm. long, sparsely floccose, bibrac-
teolate at the base; hypanthium turbinate to hemispheric, villous
or glabrescent; sepals narrowly triangular, 3 mm. long, entire, gla-
brescent; corolla (form c) greenish, purple-suffused, floccose or arach-
noid, 30-36 mm. long, 10 mm. wide, the lobes sublinear, the lower
lobe separated from the corolla nearly to the base, about 25 mm. long;
filaments glabrous; anther tube 12 mm. long, villous above.
Cuzco: Beyond Janamanche, road from Cuzco to Santa Ana,
3,200 meters, Weberbauer 4966, type. Lucumayo Valley, Cook &
Gilbert 1326. "South America," Pearce. "Concho-concho."
24a. Siphocampylus corynoides f. fortunatus E. Wimm.
Repert. Sp. Nov. 38: 20. 1935.
Differing from the type by the oblong to ovate-oblong leaves,
thinly arachnoid-tomentose beneath; sepals twice longer, 7-8 mm.
long; corolla to 45 mm. long.
Ayacucho: Prov. Huanta, Choimacota Valley, evergreen bush-
wood, 3,000 meters, Weberbauer 7582, type. Without data: Herrera
1217.
450 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
25. Siphocampylus cutervensis A. Zahlbr. Ann. Hofmus.
Wien 6: 442. 1891. S. megalandrus E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 19:
259. 1924.
A fetid, suffrutescent plant, the branches compressed-angular,
especially on the upper parts floccose-tomentulose; leaves oblong,
sometimes obovate-oblong, 11-15 cm. long, 2.6-4 cm. wide, acute to
acuminate at both ends, narrowed to a petiole 7-15 mm. long, densely
denticulate, hirtellous above, tomentulose beneath, especially on the
veins; flowers axillary, mostly crowded at the summit; pedicels
10-12 cm. long, floccose, without bractlets; hypanthium depressed-
globose; sepals triangular, entire, hirtellous, 4 mm. long; corolla
(form d) greenish white(?), glabrescent, its tube about 2 cm. long,
the lobes triangular-linear, falcate, 20-16 mm, long; filaments gla-
brous, free from the corolla; anther tube 10 mm. long, somewhat
pilose along the commissures, naked at the orifice or the 2 lower
anthers inconspicuously pilose at the tip. Neg. 31000.
Cajamarca: Cutervo, Jelski 71, 75, type. Without locality:
Weberbauer, type of S. megalandrus.
26. Siphocampylus dependens (R. & P.) G. Don, Gen. Syst.
3: 704. 1834. Lobelia dependens R. & P. ex G. Don, loc. cit. L. rugosa
Presl, Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 34. 1836. S. rugosus A. DC. in DC.
Prodr. 7: 399. 183*).
A climbing shrub, the branches pendent, tomentose upward;
petioles about 15 mm. long; leaf blades ovate-lanceolate, 8-13.5 cm.
long, 2.3-4.5 cm. wide, gradually tapering to the acuminate tip,
rounded to subcordate at the base, salient-denticulate, coriaceous,
glabrous and glossy above, tomentose beneath; pedicels axillary,
5-6.5 cm. long; floral leaves foliaceous, the upper ones often lanceo-
late and much smaller and the inflorescence then almost racemose;
hypanthium turbinate, tomentose; sepals linear, 1 cm. long, entire,
spreading, tomentose; corolla purple, tomentulose, 36 mm. long,
the lobes triangular-linear, about 12 mm. long; filaments glabrous;
anther tube white-pubescent above, 7 mm. long. Neg. 27252.
Without locality: Pavdn 85, type. Huanuco: Yanano, in low
montana, sunny slopes, 1,800 meters, 4947. Panao, 2205. Pampa-
yacu, Kanehira 196. Tomaiquichua, 2426. Junin: Prov. Tarma,
mountains west of Huacapistana, among bushes, 2,300-2,400 meters,
Weberbauer 2167. Prov. Jauja, valley of Rio de Comas, 2,600-2,700
meters, Weberbauer 6613.
26a. Siphocampylus dependens var. undulatus E. Wimm.
Repert. Sp. Nov. 22: 209. 1926.
FLORA OF PERU 451
Leaves gray-tomentose beneath; pedicels 7-10 cm. long, without
bractlets; sepals 8-15 mm. long, divaricate to reflexed, denticulate;
corolla red with yellow mouth, 30-46 mm. long; anther tube glabrous.
Cuzco: Urubamba Valley, San Miguel, Nucjchu, 1,800 meters,
Cook & Gilbert 1161, type. Urubamba Valley, 2,050 meters, Herrera
2009, 2658. Urubamba Valley, Cedrobamba, 2,200 meters, Herrera
1556. Machupicchu, 2,200 meters, Herrera 3215, 3280.
27. Siphocampylus divaricatus Benth. PI. Hartweg. 138. 1844.
Shrubby, somewhat climbing, quite glabrous; petiole 1 cm. long;
leaves oblong-elliptic, rarely ovate-oblong, 4 cm. long, 2 cm. wide,
obtuse, obtuse or shortly cuneate at the base, remotely denticulate,
thickish, glossy; flowers racemose, with small, foliaceous bracts or
often the lower flowers in the axils of the upper leaves; pedicels
secund, 1 cm. long; hypanthium turbinate, with 5 dentiform lobes;
corolla scarlet, straight, about 48 mm. long, the lobes linear, about
12 mm. long; stamen tube glabrous, 50 mm. long. Neg. 27253.
Peru: Not yet collected. Ecuador (mountains near Loja,
Hartweg 774, type).
28. Siphocampylus Dossennus E. Wimm. Notizbl. Bot. Gart.
Berlin 10: 742. 1929.
Stem herbaceous, the branches puberulent above; petioles
stout, 5 mm. long; leaves firm, oblong, 6 cm. long, 1.9 cm. wide,
acute, obtuse at the base, the margin undulate and denticulate,
rugose and subhirtellous above, reticulate and hirtellous beneath;
flowers in the axils of small leaves, corymbose-crowded at the top;
pedicels densely puberulent, 10-18 mm. long, with 2 small bractlets
above the base; hypanthium hemispheric- turbinate, puberulent,
the lobes 5-6 mm. long, sublinear, denticulate, recurved at the apex;
corolla blood-red, glabrous, 46 mm. long, the tube 33 mm. long,
abruptly and strongly curved 1 cm. above its base, the lobes sub-
linear, about 12 mm. long; stamen tube glabrous.
Apurimac: Prov. Abancai, Quebrada de Antilla, Raimondi 9692,
type.
29. Siphocampylus Elfriedi E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 38:
75. 1935.
A rough, branched shrub; leaves firm, tuberculate-hirtellous,
lanceolate, 5 cm. long, 1 cm. wide, acute, narrowed at the base
into a petiole 2-5 mm. long, the margin callous-denticulate; flowers
in the axils of the upper leaves; pedicels 7 cm. long, tuberculate-
hirtellous, bibracteolate at the base; hypanthium turbinate; sepals
452 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
sublinear, denticulate, somewhat spreading, 8 mm. long; corolla
nearly rose-colored with greenish yellow lobes, tuberculate-hirtellous,
43 mm. long, the lobes sublinear, 9-7 mm. long; stamen tube glabrous.
Cuzco: Paso de Tres Cruces, Cerro de Cusilluyoc, rocky banks
and knolls on paramo, 3,800-3,900 meters, Pennell 13841, type.
Valle de Pillahuata, mountains of Paucartambo, Herrera 3326.
Paucartambo, 4,000 meters, Soukup 382.
30. Siphocampylus fissus Gleason, Torreya 25: 95. 1925.
Stem woody, twining, scabrous-pubescent above; petioles stout,
4-6 mm. long; leaf blades coriaceous, shining above, reticulate and
scabrous-pubescent beneath, broadly ovate-oblong, 20-27 mm. long,
12-18 mm. wide, broadly rounded at the apex, truncate or broadly
rounded at the base, subrevolute at the cartilaginous margin, sharply
and saliently denticulate; pedicels axillary, 15 mm. long, densely
pubescent, forming a leafy raceme; hypanthium turbinate, densely pu-
bescent; sepals oblong, rounded at the apex, 1.5 mm. long, thinly
pubescent; corolla pale yellowish green, the tube densely pubescent,
10 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide when pressed, the lobes closely pubescent,
narrowly linear, the upper 23 mm. long, the lower a little shorter;
filaments puberulent above; anther tube 10 mm. long, glabrous.
Huanuco: Playapampa, 2,700 meters, 4863, type.
31. Siphocampylus flagelliformis A. Zahlbr. Bull. Torrey
Club 24: 380. 1897. S. altiscandens Gleason, op. cit. 48: 198. 1921.
A climbing shrub with slender, striate, scabrellate branches;
leaves on petioles 3 mm. long, coriaceous, short-hirtellous above,
hirtellous beneath, especially on the veins, ovate-oblong, 7 cm.
long, 3 cm. wide, subacute at the tip, subrounded at the base, re-
motely callous-denticulate; inflorescences racemose, the bracts small,
filiform, the lower flowers often in the axils of foliaceous bracts or
of normal leaves; pedicels 10-12 mm. long, rough-hirtellous; hypan-
thium turbinate; sepals triangular, 2 mm. long, denticulate; corolla
narrow, carmine or rose-colored, glabrous, 30-35 mm. long, the lobes
linear, about 8 mm. long; filaments glabrous; anther tube 5 mm. long,
pilose at the orifice.
Peru: Probably. Bolivia (Yungas, Rusby, 646, type;5cmgr 2553).
32. Siphocampylus floribundus A. Zahlbr. Bot. Jahrb. 37:
460. 1906.
Branches climbing, pendent, striate, scabrous; petioles 7-10 mm.
long; leaf blades ovate-oblong to oblong, 3-6 cm. long, 1.5-2.5 cm.
FLORA OF PERU 453
wide, obtuse at the apex, acute at the base, slightly revolute at the
margin, callous-denticulate, coriaceous, glabrous above, rough-
subhirtellous beneath; racemes terminal, secund, many-flowered;
bracts subulate; pedicels 20-25 mm. long, densely and minutely
strigose; hypanthium obconic; sepals dentiform; corolla greenish
suffused with purplish, hirtellous, 32 mm. long, the tube narrow,
10 mm. long, the lobes linear, about 17 mm. long, at first spreading,
finally recurved; filaments 23 mm. long, glabrous; anther tube 7 mm.
long, 1.5 mm. wide, pilose in the fissures. Neg. 31002.
Huanuco: Prov. Huamalies, mountains southwest of Monzon,
2,400-2,500 meters, Weberbauer 3421, type.
33. Siphocampylus foliosus Griseb. var. subcanus E. Wimm.,
var. nov.
Herba valida, apparenter erecta, simplex, 60-90 cm. alta; caulis
digiti crassitie, medullosus, obtuse angulatus, inferne glabrescens,
superne pubescens, foliosus; folia inferiora breviter petiolata, ovato-
oblonga, superiora oblonga et sessilia, summa saepe lanceolata et
nonnunquam in bracteas transeuntia; lamina apice subacuta et
mucronulata, basi truncata usque obtusa, margine dense et tenuiter
denticulata, membranacea, supra sparsius, subtus densissime hirtella
et subcana; folia inferiora 13 cm. longa, 4 cm. lata, cetera
10-7 cm. longa, 2.2-1 cm. lata; flores in racemo foliato, subdenso;
folia floralia superiora quandoque bracteiformia et pedicello breviora;
pedicelli 20-35 mm. longi, puberuli; hypanthium hemispherico-tur-
binatum, puberulum, ca. 4 mm. diam; lobi calycis anguste tri-
angulares, plerumque integri, puberuli, 2-3 mm. longi; corolla rosea,
subpubescens vel glabrata, 3-4 cm. longa, tubus supra basin parum
attenuatus, dein leviter ampliatus et in lobos 5 lineares, 12-15 mm.
longos parti tus; filamentarum et antherarum 7 mm. longarum tubus
glaber, antherae 2 inferiores piloso-penicillatae in apice.
Puno: In collibus graminosis prope Ayapata, Lechler 1940, type
in herb. Univ. Goettingen. Lago Titicaca, Seler 135 p. p. Frequent
in Bolivia.
The type form differs by the leaves, which are not gray-tomen-
tulose beneath but hirtellous, and the smaller (25 mm. long), glabrous
corolla. Also the leaf tip is gradually acute.
34. Siphocampylus Goebelii E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov.
38: 76. 1935.
Branches pubescent above; petioles puberulent, 15-20 mm.
long; leaf blades thin, plane, glabrate above, puberulent beneath
454 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
along the veins, elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 11-13 cm. long, 5.5-7 cm.
wide, short-acuminate, subrounded at the base, remotely denticulate;
pedicels axillary, about 9 cm. long, sparsely puberulent; hypanthium
hemispheric; sepals linear, entire, erect, 4 mm. long; corolla violet(?),
sparsely puberulent, 28 mm. long, the lobes linear, about 10 mm.
long; filaments glabrous; anther tube 5 mm. long, glabrous.
Without locality: Haenke, type.
35. Siphocampylus grandiflorus E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov.
19: 257. 1924.
A climbing shrub, fulvous-tomentose on the upper parts; petioles
7-12 mm. long; leaf blades ovate to ovate-oblong, 8-12 cm. long,
3-5 cm. wide, acuminate, cordate to rounded at the base, repand-
denticulate, sparsely beset above with forked hairs, fulvous-tomen-
tose (villous, fasciculate hairs) beneath; flowers axillary, crowded at
the top; pedicels about 7 cm. long, floccose; hypanthium short-
turbinate; sepals linear, 8-9 mm. long, subdenticulate, divaricate to
reflexed; corolla scarlet, the lobes yellow, the tube straight, 5 cm.
long, the lobes lanceolate, about 15 mm. long; stamens glabrous,
the anther tube 9 mm. long.
Ayacucho: Prov. Huanta, road from Tambo via Osno to Rio
Apurimac, 2,800 meters, Weberbauer 5618, type.
36. Siphocampylus heliades E. Wimm. Notizbl. Bot. Gart.
Berlin 10: 744. 1929.
Stem shrubby, pubescent above; petioles 8-15 mm. long, pubes-
cent; leaf blades elliptic, 12 cm. long, 5.8 cm. wide, acute, subrounded
at the base, slightly revolute at the margin, callous-denticulate,
rugose, glossy and glabrescent above, reticulate and subpubescent
beneath; flowers axillary, corymbose at the summit, the subtending
leaves oblong to lanceolate, 50-65 mm. long, 10-22 mm. wide;
pedicels 5-7 cm. long, villous at the base, otherwise glabrescent;
hypanthium hemispheric or turbinate; sepals sublinear, entire, sub-
ciliate, spreading, 6 mm. long; corolla red and yellow(?), glabrous,
38 mm. long, the lobes about 12 mm. long; stamen tube glabrous,
the anthers 6 mm. long.
Junin: Road between Pun to and Andamarca, Raimondi 8763, type.
37. Siphocampylus Helmut! E. Wimm. Notizbl. Bot. Gart.
Berlin 10: 745. 1929.
Branches climbing, slender, grooved, tuberculate, puberulent
above; petioles 5 mm. long, tortuous; leaves oblong-ovate, 44 mm.
FLORA OF PERU 455
long, 16 mm. wide, gradually tapering to the subacuminate tip,
rounded at the base, callous-denticulate, glabrous and somewhat
shining above, subpuberulent on the prominent principal veins, the
venation inconspicuous; flowers in the axils of small leaves (22 mm.
long, 10 mm. wide), nearly forming a corymbose raceme; pedicels
25-30 mm. long, puberulent, with 2 bractlets above the base; hypan-
thium turbinate; sepals subulate, entire, 2.5 mm. long, puberulent;
corolla red, glabrous, 6 cm. long, the lobes sublinear, 18 mm. long;
stamen tube glabrous.
Junin: Road to Pangoa, between San Jos and Cueva de La
Achira, Raimondi 8777, type.
38. Siphocampylus Humboldtianus (Presl) A. DC. in DC.
Prodr. 7: 398. 1839. Lobelia Humboldtiana Presl, Prodr. Monogr.
Lobel. 35. 1836. S. pubescens Benth. PI. Hartweg. 139. 1844, p. p.
A suffruticose, climbing, pubescent plant; petioles 6-20 mm.
long; leaves ovate-elongate, 5.5-8 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide, gradually
tapering to the acute tip, subcordate to truncate at the base, dentic-
ulate, glabrate above, pubescent beneath; flowers axillary; pedicels
4-7 cm. long; hypanthium turbinate; sepals triangular, 5-7 mm. long,
entire; corolla red(?), 35 mm. long, the lobes narrowly triangular,
falcate, unequal, the upper about 13, the lower 7 mm. long; filaments
pubescent; anther tube pilose.
Without locality: Humboldt, type. Ecuador (Prov. Loja, in
mountains, Jameson. In the mountains of Paccha, Hartweg 780).
38a. Siphocampylus Humboldtianus var. ovatus E. Wimm.,
var. nov. S. pubescens Benth. loc. cit. pro parte.
Folia late ovata, 5-6 cm. longa, 3.5-4 cm. lata, basi rotundata;
corolla major, 45 mm. longa; labium inferius videtur trifidum. Neg.
31018.
Ecuador: Hartweg 780 (type of S. pubescens in herb. Cambridge;
cotype in herb. Berlin).
39. Siphocampylus Jelskii A. Zahlbr. Ann. Hofmus. Wien 6:
441. 1891.
Stem suffruticose, erect, brownish-pubescent; leaves sessile, very
dense, reflexed, sublinear, 11-13 cm. long, 0.&-0.8 cm. wide, sub-
obtuse at the apex, broader at the base, scabrellate and rugose above,
hirtellous beneath; flowers axillary, crowded at the summit; pedicels
about 10 cm. long, puberulent, somewhat shorter than the subtending,
stiff -erect leaves; hypanthium obconic, strongly 10-nerved, puberu-
456 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
lent, about 9 mm. long; sepals narrowly triangular, 22-24 mm. long,
denticulate, somewhat revolute, erect; corolla (form b) 4 cm. long,
puberulent, its tube 16 mm. long, 15 mm. wide at the throat when
pressed, the lobes sublinear-acute, falcate, 3-2 cm. long; filaments
45 mm. long, pubescent; anther tube densely hirsute, especially
distally. Neg. 31004.
Cajamarca: Between Chota and Cutervo, Jelski 210, type.
Loreto: Pacasmayo to Moyobamba, 3,400-3,500 meters, Stuebel 54.
39a. Siphocampylus Jelskii f. eugenius E. Wimm. Notizbl.
Bot. Gart. Berlin 10: 740. 1929.
Corolla larger, 52 mm. long, its tube 27 mm. long, expanded to
the throat, the lobes unequal, 25-16 mm. long; filaments long-ex-
serted; anther tube 9 mm. long, 4 mm. wide; pedicels with minute
bractlets above the base.
Cajamarca: Between Chota and Cutervo, Raimondi 3766, type.
40. Siphocampylus igneus (Veil.) E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov.
22: 211. 1926. Lobelia ignea Veil. Fl. Flum. 353. 1825. et Fl. Flum.
Icon. 8: pi. 128. 1827. S. corymbiferus Pohl, PL Bras. Icon. 2: 112.
pi 175. 1831. S. cardiophyllus Pohl, op. cit. 110. pi. 173.
Stem erect, 60-90 cm. high, nearly simple, leafy; petiole 8-15
mm. long; leaf blades ovate, 4-7 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide, acuminate,
subcordate to rounded at the base, unequally dentate to denticulate,
glabrous or puberulent beneath; flowers in a short, nearly umbellate
raceme, or the raceme elongate, the flowers then in the axils of normal
leaves; pedicels 15-35 mm. long, glabrous; hypanthium broadly
turbinate; sepals triangular-linear, recurved at the tip, entire, 4-5
mm. long, mostly glabrous; corolla scarlet, yellow at the throat,
glabrous, 40^45 mm. long, the lobes linear, 10-15 mm. long; stamen
tube glabrous.
Puno: Sandia, stony places between bushes, 2,100-2,300 meters,
Weberbauer 524. Bolivia (Yungas, Bang 256b. Prov. Larecaja,
Mandon 499) ; frequent in Brazil.
40a. Siphocampylus igneus var. gracilis (Britton) E. Wimm.
loc. cit. S. gracilis Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 19: 374. 1892. 5.
corymbiferus var. gracilis A. Zahlbr. Bull. Torrey Club 24: 384. 1897.
Stem and leaves densely hirtellous.
Peru: Probably. Bolivia (Yungas, Rusby 640; Bang 644); fre-
quent in Brazil.
FLORA OF PERU 457
41. Siphocampylus Krauseanus E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov.
26: 16. pi. 72, f. 17. 1929.
Branches striate, pubescent, leafy; petioles 6 mm. long, tomentu-
lose; leaf blades oblong, 4-6 cm. long, 0.9-1.8 cm. wide, acute, obtuse
at the base, callous-denticulate, firm, rugose and glabrescent above,
densely reticulate and tomentulose beneath; flowers in the axils of
the leaves, forming almost a leafy raceme; pedicels 25-30 mm. long,
tomentulose; hypanthium turbinate to hemispheric, puberulent;
sepals sublinear, entire, erect, 6-7 mm. long; corolla 42 mm. long,
glabrous, red or yellow, the lobes linear, 10-13 mm. long; stamen
tube glabrous. Neg. 9085.
Cuzco: Herrera 1207 p. p. (other specimen Lobelia decurrens
Cav.). Urubamba Valley, Machupicchu, 2,200 meters, Herrera
3260.
42. Siphocampylus Lobbii A. Zahlbr. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 457. 1906.
A shrub with climbing, slender, narrowly winged, fimbriate-
pubescent branches; leaves short-petiolate, small, broadly ovate,
10-17 mm. long, 7-11 mm. wide, acute, subcordate to rounded at
the base, minutely denticulate, glabrous above, scabrellate beneath;
pedicels axillary, remote, about 1 cm. long, glabrescent; hypanthium
broadly turbinate; sepals subulate, 5-6 mm. long, entire, divaricate;
corolla carmine, glabrous, 6 cm. long, 8 mm. wide above when pressed,
the lobes linear, about 15 mm. long; stamen tube glabrous, the an-
thers black, 7 mm. long. Neg. 31008.
Without locality :Lobb, type. Huanuco: Posuso, Pearce 555 p. p.
42a. Siphocampylus Lobbii var. megodontus E. Wimm.
Repert. Sp. Nov. 29: 88. pi. 127, f. 6. 1931.
Differing from the type by its deeply dentate leaves, the lobes
triangular, acute, 3-4 mm. long.
Huanuco: Posuso, Pearce 555 p. p., type.
43. Siphocampylus loxensis (Willd.) Vatke, Linnaea 38: 724.
1874. Lobelia loxensis Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. Syst. 5: 72. 1819.
Branches angled, hollow, ferruginous-stellate-tomentose, appar-
ently pendent; petioles stout, 1 cm. long; leaves ovate-oblong or
oblong, 7-9 cm. long, 3-3.7 cm. wide, obtuse, subcordate at the base,
the margin revolute and densely glandular-denticulate, glossy and
glabrous above, ferruginous-tomentose beneath; pedicels about 1 cm.
long, somewhat longer than the subulate bracts; hypanthium turbi-
nate; sepals subulate, 4-5 mm. long, erect; bud (only this seen!)
458 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
tubular, subfalcate, beaked at the apex, tomentose; anther tube
9 mm. long, glabrous.
Peru: Probably occurring. Ecuador (mountains of Loja, Hum-
boldt, type in herb. Willdenow 3946, Berlin).
44. Siphocampylus macropodioides A. Zahlbr. Bot. Jahrb.
37: 458. 1906.
Branches striate, pubescent; petioles 2-4 mm. long; leaves
ovate to ovate-oblong, 5-9 cm. long, 2-3.7 cm. wide, subacuminate,
subcordate to rounded at the base, repand-denticulate, membranous,
pale and pubescent on the veins underneath; flowers solitary in the
axils of the upper leaves, forming a loose, leafy raceme; pedicels 4-5
cm. long, subpubescent; hypanthium depressed-hemispheric; sepals
sublinear, entire, 5 mm. long, puberulent, erect; corolla blood-red,
glabrous, 4 cm. long, its tube 22 mm. long, the lobes sublinear, 20-15
mm. long; filaments glabrous; anther tube 6 mm. long, often pilose
at the base. Neg. 31009.
Ancash: Near Pampa Romas, between Samanco and Cards,
3,500 meters, Weberbauer 3201, type.
45. Siphocampylus macrostemon (Presl) A. DC. in DC.
Prodr. 7: 403. 1839. Lobelia macrostemon Presl, Prodr. Monogr.
Lobel. 36. 1836. Centropogon macrostemon A. Zahlbr. Repert. Sp.
Nov. 14: 181. 1915.
Stem herbaceous, branched, puberulent above; leaves sessile or
short-petiolate, elongate-lanceolate, 5-8 cm. long, 1.3-1.5 cm. wide,
acute, subrounded at the base, unequally denticulate, short-puberu-
lent, above, densely puberulent beneath; pedicels about 3 cm. long,
puberulent, with 2 bractlets above the base; hypanthium hemispheric;
sepals subulate, entire, erect, 5-6 mm. long; corolla red(?), glabrous,
4 cm. long, the lobes sublinear, about 12 mm. long; stamen tube
glabrous. Negs. 27260, 31010.
Huanuco: Mountains, Herb. Presl. Without locality, Pavdn
77. Department unknown: Sesuya, Mathews 3022.
46. Siphocampylus Matthiaei A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 7: 405.
1839. S. Mathewsii E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 19: 258. 1924.
A suffrutescent plant with grooved, pubescent, hollow branch-
lets; petioles 4-6 mm. long; leaves lanceolate, 14 cm. long, 3.4 cm.
wide, subacuminate at both ends, densely callous-denticulate,
scarcely hirtellous above, gray-tomentulose beneath ; flowers axillary,
crowded at the summit; pedicels about 14 cm. long, glabrescent,
FLORA OF PERU 459
with 2 minute bractlets at the base; hypanthium depressed-globose;
sepals sublinear, 8-15 mm. long, callous-denticulate, sparsely pubes-
cent, somewhat spreading; corolla (form d) greenish, puberulent, its
tube straight, equally wide, 18 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, inflated at
the throat, the lobes triangular-linear, subfalcate, deflexed, 22-10
mm. long; filaments glabrous; anther tube 12 mm. long, sparsely
pilose, naked at the orifice. Neg. 27262.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews 1672, type.
47. Siphocampylus megastoma E. Wimm. Notizbl. Bot. Gart.
Berlin 10: 739. /. 12. 1929.
A tall, branched shrub; petioles 15-20 mm. long, tomentulose;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, 13-15 cm. long, 3.5-4.4 cm. wide, subacu-
minate, acute at the base, densely denticulate, rugose, glabrous above,
reticulate and bright ochreous-tomentulose beneath ; flowers forming
a crowded, terminal raceme; pedicels axillary, compressed, floccose-
tomentulose, 12-15 cm. long, bibracteolate at the base; hypanthium
half-ovoid, 1 cm. long, tomentulose; sepals linear, 2 cm. long, nearly
3 mm. wide, obtuse, tomentulose, somewhat spreading; corolla
(form b) greenish white, tomentulose, the tube 15 mm. long, a little
dilated to the (15 mm. wide) throat, the lobes sublinear, unequal,
20-12 mm. long; filaments hirtellous in the upper portion; anther
tube 15 mm. long, 7 mm. wide, yellow-hirsute in the commissures,
more densely so distally.
Without locality: Raimondi 2601, type.
48. Siphocampylus membranaceus Britton, Bull. Torrey
Club 19: 372. 1892.
A climbing shrub; leaves oblong, 14 cm. long, 4.5 cm. wide,
acuminate, obtusely narrowed at the base to the short petiole,
densely and finely denticulate, minutely puberulent beneath ; inflores-
cences short, umbel-like, axillary racemes; peduncle stout, solitary,
remote, 5 mm. long; pedicels few, about 4 cm. long, striate, hirtellous;
bracts inconspicuous; hypanthium short, broadly turbinate; sepals
subulate, entire, subreflexed, 1 cm. long; corolla red, nearly straight,
glabrous, about 5 cm. long, the lobes sublinear, 12 mm. long; stamen
tube glabrous.
Peru: Probably occurring. Bolivia (Yungas, 1,800 meters,
Rusby 651).
49. Siphocampylus nobilis E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 26:
12. pi. 72, f. 23. 1929.
460 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
A climbing, glabrous, branched shrub; leaves narrowly linear,
6-8 cm. long, 0.2-0.3 cm. wide, acute, narrowed into a petiole 4-5
mm. long, slightly repand and remotely dentate; pedicels axillary,
slender, 4-5 cm. long; hypanthium obconic; sepals subulate, 2 mm.
long; corolla purple with yellow limb, its tube 35 cm. long, the lobes
linear, 8-13 mm. long; stamen tube glabrous. Neg. 31012.
Ayacucho: Prov. Huanta, valley of Rio Huancabamba above
Shumaya, 2,200-2,300 meters, Weberbauer 6291, type.
50. Siphocampylus obovatus (G. Don) E. Wimm. Repert.
Sp. Nov. 38: 19. 1935. Tupa obovata G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3: 700.
1834. Rapuntium obovatum Presl, Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 25. 1836.
Branches hollow, smooth, glabrous; petioles stout, 7 mm. long;
leaves obovate-oblong, 6.5-8.5 cm. long, 2.3-3 cm. wide, with a
rounded apex and a gradually narrowed base, the margin revolute
and callous-denticulate, coriaceous, rugose, glossy, glabrous above,
densely hirtellous beneath, the venation reticulate; pedicels axillary,
glabrous, 5-8 cm. long; hypanthium depressed-globose, glabrate;
sepals oblong-ovate, obtuse, subhirtellous, 2 mm. long; corolla whitish
greenish, glabrescent, 3 cm. long, its tube very short, the upper lobes
22 mm. long, the lowest lobe separated nearly to the base of the
corolla, 25 mm. long; filaments glabrous, 15 mm. long; anther tube
9 mm. long, pilose at the orifice, but the 2 lower anthers longer-
pilose at the tip. Neg. 29451.
Without locality: Ruiz & Pavon sub "Lobelia incana," type.
51. Siphocampylus oblongifolius Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club
6: 73. 1896.
A climbing, quite glabrous shrub 3^4 meters high ; leaves oblong,
10 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide, acute, obtuse at the base, with a short
petiole, entire with remote, callous teeth, coriaceous; pedicels in 2's
or 3's in the axils of the leaves, compressed, divaricate, about 2 cm.
long; hypanthium turbinate; sepals subulate, entire, reflexed, 5 mm.
long; corolla red, 37 mm. long, narrow, the lobes linear, about 1
cm. long; anther tube 6 mm. long, glabrous.
Peru: Possibly occurring. Bolivia (La Paz, Bang 1461; Buchtien
1499).
51a. Siphocampylus oblongifolius var. crenatus E. Wimm.
Repert. Sp. Nov. 38: 19. 1935.
Leaves with an obtuse, mucronate tip, the margin plane-crenate
with a tooth between the crenations; in the axils of the leaves a
FLORA OF PERU 461
stout peduncle 8 mm. long which bears 6-8 pedicels at the top;
bracts subulate; pedicels 23-27 mm. long.
Bolivia (La Paz, San Carlos, rain forest, 800 meters, Troll 2770).
52. Siphocampylus onagrius E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 22:
212. 1926.
A climbing shrub, gray-lurid-tomentose above, the tomentum
consisting of simple and fasciculate hairs; leaves petiolate (8 mm.
long), ovate- triangular, with cordate base, gradually tapering to an
acute tip, 7.5 cm. long, 2.5 cm. wide, unequally callous-denticulate,
rugose, glossy and glabrous above, gray-tomentose beneath; pedicels
axillary, 10 cm. long, with 2 filiform bractlets 3-5 mm. long at the
base; hypanthium broadly turbinate; sepals 1 cm. long, linear, dentic-
ulate, spreading; corolla purple, with a yellow limb, 55 mm. long,
tomentulose, the lobes about 12 mm. long; filaments glabrous;
anther tube distally pilose. Neg. 31013.
Mountains of Andamarca, Mathews 1187, type.
53. Siphocampylus Orbignianus A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 7: 405.
1839; Fl. Serres 6: 15. pi. 544- 1850-51; Bot. Mag. pi. 4713. 1853.
S. volubilis Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 19: 372. 1892 et Mem. Torrey
Club 6: 72. 1896, non G. Don.
A shrub, the slender branches pubescent toward the ends; petioles
1 cm. long; leaves verticillate, mostly in 3's, oblong to ovate-oblong,
9 cm. long, 3.5 cm. wide, acuminate, narrowed to subrounded at the
base, unequally dentate and denticulate, scabrellous above, pubes-
cent beneath; pedicels axillary 3-4 cm. long, bibracteolate at the
base; hypanthium broadly turbinate; sepals linear, 12-14 mm. long,
divaricate; corolla variable in color, yellowish green and red-shaded
or violet or violet-red with bright green lobes, puberulent, 55 mm.
long, the lobes 12-7 mm. long.
Peru: Probably. Bolivia (Yungas; Sorata; frequent).
54. Siphocampylus ovatus (G. Don) E. Wimm. Repert. Sp.
Nov. 38: 18. 1935. Tupa ovata G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3: 700. 1834.
Rapuntium ovatum Presl, Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 29. 1836. Lobelia
pendulifolia Presl, op. cit. 35. S. pendulifolius A. DC. in DC. Prodr.
7: 398. 1839.
A glabrous, climbing shrub with pendent branches; petiole 5-10
mm. long; leaves coriaceous, glossy, oblong-ovate, 5-6 cm. long,
2.5-3 cm. wide, obtuse, mucronate at the apex, rounded at the base,
remotely glandular-denticulate; inflorescence a terminal, secund
462 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
raceme; bracts oblong or lanceolate, about 1 cm. long; pedicels
about 1 cm. long, bibracteolate at the middle; hypanthium turbinate,
its lobes dentiform; corolla pink(?), its tube short, 1 cm. long, the
lobes linear, recurved, 22 mm. long; stamen tube glabrous. Neg.
29452.
Peru: Ruiz & Pavdn 16. Huanuco: Mountains of Huanuco:
Presl Herb. Puno: Prov. Carabaya, rocky hills near Quiaca, Wed-
dell 4629.
55. Siphocampylus pallidus E. Wimm., sp. nov.
Suffrutex circiter 50 cm. altus; caulis teres, fistulosus, glaber,
internodia 1-5 cm. longa; folia coriacea, supra glabra, subtus ad
nervos adpresso pubescentia, oblongo-lanceolata, 9 cm. longa, 2.8
cm. lata, acuminata, basi acuta, in petiolum 1 cm. longum attenuata,
margine plus minus repanda callose denticulata; flores in axillis
foliorum superiorum et summorum diminutorum solitarii; folia
floralia lanceolata, circiter 3 cm. longa; pedicelli filiformes, sub-
pubescentes, 4-5 cm. longi; calycis tubus turbinatus, 5-costatus,
sepala subulata, glabra, erecta, 5 mm. longa; corolla virenti-lutea,
glabra, 3 cm. longa, eius tubus 2 cm. longus, supra basin attenuatus,
dein usque ad faucem paullum dilatatus ibique 4 mm. latus; lobi
corollae lineares, inaequaliter profunde soluti, 11-12 mm. longi;
staminum tubus glaber, antherae 4 mm. longae, 2 inferiores apice
barbatae; capsula ellipsoidea, 7 mm. longa, valvis 2 triangularibus
apice dehiscens.
Huanuco: Cueva Grande near Posuso, 3,500 meters, Macbride
4797, type in Herb. Field Mus.
56. Siphocampylus palilloanus E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov.
19: 261. 1924.
Stem suffruticose, obtusely angled, hirtellous; petiole 4-7 mm.
long; leaves ovate-oblong, 7 cm. long, 3 cm. wide, more or less cor-
date at the base, acute at the apex, undulate and callous-denticulate,
rugose, shining and subhirtellous above, reticulate and hirtellous
beneath; flowers corymbose and some in the axils of the upper leaves;
bracts oblong, foliaceous, 10-17 mm. long; pedicels 3^4 cm. long,
minutely bracteolate at the base, hirtellous; hypanthium broadly
turbinate; sepals narrowly triangular, 4-5 mm. long, few-denticulate,
erect; corolla (form c) lilac-red, partly perhaps orange-red, hirtellous,
the tube almost equally wide, 15 mm. long, the lower lobe separated
to the middle of the corolla, the 4 upper lobes less deeply separated,
about 13 mm. long; stamen tube glabrous.
FLORA OF PERU 463
Cuzco: Mount Palillo near Ollantaitambo, 3,000 meters, Cook
& Gilbert 1908, type.
57. Siphocampylus parvifolius E. Wimm., sp. nov. S. chima-
philophyllus Schlecht. in Lechler, Berberid. Amer. Austr. 58, 1857.
(nomen!).
Frutex parvus, ramosus, glaberrimus; ramuli angulati, scabri,
inferne cicatriosi, superne foliosi; folia lanceolata vel paullum oblan-
ceolata, 20 mm. longa, 5 mm. lata, apice acuta, ad basin sensim
angustata in petiolum circiter 5 mm. longum, margine leviter crenata
et denticulis adpressis antrorsum versis munita, firma, supra rugulosa,
nitidula, subtus pallida; flores in axillis foliorum superiorum solitarii;
pedicelli 4 cm. longi, supra basin bracteolis 2 subulatis ornati; calycis
tubus turbinatus, 4 mm. latus, lobi calycini lineares, 3 mm. longi,
integri, erecti; corolla rubra, 34 mm. longa, supra basin vix attenuata,
ad faucem paullum ampliata ibique 5 mm. lata, lobi sublineares, cir-
citer 15 mm. longi ; filamenta glabra, 31 mm. longa; antherarum tubus
5 mm. longus, nigrescens, glaber, antherae 2 inferiores apice piloso-
penicillatae.
Puno: Ayapata, in bushes, Lechler 1999, type.
58. Siphocampylus parvilobus E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov.
38: 21. 1935. S. brevidens E. Wimm. op. cit. 29: 89. 1931, non
Regel.
Branches apparently climbing, smooth, glabrous; leaves ovate-
oblong or lanceolate, 8 cm. long and 3 cm. wide or 5.5 cm. long and
1.5 cm. wide, cuspidate, subrounded to acute at the base, narrowed
into a petiole 8 mm. long, the margin remotely denticulate, mem-
branous, glabrous; flowers in an abbreviated raceme, dense, secund,
the floral leaves lanceolate, 3-5 cm. long, foliaceous; pedicels axillary,
20-25 mm. long, glabrous; hypanthium turbinate, its lobes denti-
form, 1 mm. long; corolla red, glabrous, the tube 32 mm. long, the
lobes linear, 8-10 mm. long; stamen tube glabrous, the anthers 5.5
mm. long.
Huanuco: Posuso, 2,700 meters, Pearce, type.
59. Siphocampylus Pavonis E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov.
29: 89. 1931. Tupa secunda G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3: 700. 1834. Lobelia
secunda R. & P. ex G. Don, loc. cit. Rapuntium secundum Presl,
Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 29. 1836, non S. secundus E. Wimm., 1924.
A branched, apparently climbing shrub; leaves slightly obovate-
oblong to oblong, 4 cm. long, 1-1.4 cm. wide, obtuse, mucronate,
464 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
gradually narrowed to a petiole 6-8 mm. long, or obtuse at the base,
the margin callous-denticulate and revolute, subcoriaceous, glossy
and rugose above, scabrous beneath; flowers in secund, rather dense
racemes, the rachis tuberculate; bracts lanceolate, petiolate, 5-15
mm. long; pedicels 8 mm. long, hirtellous or glabrate; hypanthium
broadly turbinate, its lobes dentiform, 3 mm. long; corolla pulveru-
lent, its tube 10 mm. long, the lobes linear, probably recurved, about
22 mm. long; stamen tube glabrous, long-exserted. Negs. 27270,
29453.
Without locality: Pav6n, type.
60. Siphocampylus penduliflorus Dene. var. asperatulus
E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 29: 88. 1931.
Branches climbing, glabrous, finely striate, minutely tuberculate;
leaves oblong-ovate, 7.6 cm. long, 3.2 cm. wide, acute, remotely
denticulate, subrounded at the base, minutely scabrellous, puberu-
lent beneath; inflorescence a secund, puberulent, short raceme;
lower bracts small, foliaceous, the upper ones linear-lanceolate,
5 mm. long; pedicels 12 mm. long, scabrellous-puberulent; hypan-
thium hemispheric; sepals linear, 4(7) mm. long, entire, spreading;
corolla purple, glabrous, 4 cm. long, rather narrow, the lobes sub-
linear, 12-6 mm. long; stamen tube glabrous. Neg. 27266.
Loreto: Tarapoto, summit of Mount Guayrapurima, Spruce
3996. The typical form occurs in Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador.
61. Siphocampylus peruvianus A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 7: 401.
1839.
A glabrous, climbing shrub; petioles 5-10 mm. long; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, 4-6 cm. long, 1-1.4 cm. wide, gradually tapering
to the narrow-acute tip, short-cuneate at the base, remotely and
sharply serrate, entire toward the base, membranous; pedicels 2 cm.
long, axillary; hypanthium broadly turbinate; sepals subulate, 3 mm.
long, recurved at the apex; corolla red, subcurved, 45 mm. long, the
lobes narrowly triangular, 8-10 mm. long; stamen tube glabrous.
Neg. 8559.
Amazonas: Prov. Chachapoyas, Mathews, type.
62. Siphocampylus phaeton E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov.
29: 83. 1931.
Stem suffruticose, erect, hollow, glabrous, 1.2-1.8 meters high;
petioles 12 mm. long; leaf blades oblong, 13 cm. long, 5 cm. wide,
subacute at both ends, callous-denticulate, slightly rugose, glossy
FLORA OF PERU 465
and glabrous on the upper surface, reticulate and thinly arachnoid
on the lower surface; flowers solitary in the axils of the upper leaves;
pedicels 9-10 cm. long; hypanthium hemispheric; sepals sublinear,
12-15 mm. long, denticulate, erect; corolla orange-red or scarlet
with golden-yellow lobes, glabrous, its tube 27 mm. long, nearly
straight, over the attenuate portion abruptly dilated and then
almost equally wide to the throat, the upper lobes about 10, the
lower 15 mm. long; stamen tube glabrous.
Ayacucho: Puytac, 3,000-3,300 meters, Pearce, type. Prov.
Huanta, Putis, Choimacota Valley, Weberbauer 7531.
63. Siphocampylus pozuzensis E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov.
29:87. pi. 118, f. 5. 1931.
A climbing, pubescent shrub; branches striate, scabrous; petiole
5 mm. long, villous; leaves ovate-oblong, 6.5-8 cm. long, 2.7-3.5 cm.
wide, acute, subrounded to obtuse at the base, callous-denticulate,
scarcely pubescent above, more densely so beneath; flowers racemose;
bracts filiform, 1 cm. long, some flowers in the axils of the uppermost
leaves; pedicels 15-20 mm. long, pubescent; hypanthium short,
turbinate, 3 mm. long, 7 mm. wide; sepals linear, 8-10 mm. long,
few-denticulate, subpubescent, spreading to subreflexed; corolla red,
sparsely pubescent, 6 cm. long, the tube nearly straight, 45 mm. long,
the lobes sublinear, about 18 mm. long; stamen tube glabrous, 63 mm.
long.
Huanuco: Above Posuso, 1,800 meters, Pearce 532, .type.
64. Siphocampylus puberulus E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov.
26:13. pi 72,f.l4. 1929.
Stem hollow, smooth, puberulent; petiole 2 mm. long; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, 9 cm. long, 2.5 cm. wide, rounded at the base,
gradually tapering to a cuspidate tip, densely and finely denticulate,
glabrate above, densely puberulent beneath; pedicels axillary,
puberulent, 1-4 cm. long, the uppermost subtending leaves lanceo-
late; hypanthium campanulate, puberulent; sepals subulate, 4-5 mm.
long, denticulate, erect; corolla violet(?), puberulent, subcurved,
25 mm. long, the lobes about 8 mm. long; stamen tube glabrous.
Neg. 31019.
Peru: Probably. Bolivia (Sorata, Mandon, type).
65. Siphocampylus rosmarinifolius G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3:
704. 1834. Lobelia purpurea R. & P. ex G. Don, loc. cit. L. rosma-
rinifolia Presl, Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 36. 1836.
466 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Stems erect, shrubby, glabrous, shining, 1 meter high; leaves
linear, 8-10 cm. long, 0.4-0.5 cm. wide, narrowed to both ends, with
petioles 3-4 mm. long, the margin revolute, glossy and rugose above,
white-tomentose beneath; pedicels axillary, 3-8 cm. long, glabrous;
hypanthium turbinate, wider at the top; sepals subulate, 10-15 mm.
long, entire, erect; corolla scarlet with a yellow limb, glabrous, 35-50
mm. long, the lobes linear, 10-20 mm. long; stamen tube glabrous.
Neg. 8105.
Peru: Pavdn; Dombey 438; Lobb 378. Junin: Prov. Tarma, on
rocks below Palca, 2,400-2,700 meters, Weberbauer 1794. Altos de
Palca, Isern 2289.
66. Siphocampylus Rusbyanus Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 19:
372. 1892.
A shrub with stiff, shining branchlets, gray-puberulent at the
summit; petioles 7-15 mm. long, puberulent; leaf blades ovate,
ovate-oblong, or elliptic, 6-10 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, acute, sub-
cordate to rounded at the base, callous-denticulate, coriaceous,
rugose and glabrous above, the venation strongly reticulate and
lightly puberulent beneath; flowers in the axils of the upper leaves,
these reduced in the uppermost portion to oblong bracts; pedicels
4-10 cm. long, puberulent; hypanthium broadly turbinate; sepals
sublinear, 1 cm. long, denticulate, divaricate; corolla greenish and
suffused with purplish, puberulent, its tube 15 mm. long, nearly
equally wide (12 mm. when pressed), the lobes triangular-linear,
falcate, 16-10 mm. long; filaments glabrous; anther tube 7 mm. long,
slightly villous at the apex, the 2 lower anthers exceptionally not
distinctly barbate.
Peru: Probably. Bolivia (Mapiri, Rusby 644; Bang 2433}.
66a. Siphocampylus Rusbyanus var. subtervestitus A.
Zahlbr. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 459. 1906.
A shrub 1 meter high; flowers green, reddish at the base; leaves
floccose-pubescent beneath, the venation slightly prominent.
Puno: Between Tambo Azalaya and Tambo Ichubamba, between
Sandia and Chunchusmayo, 1,500-1,800 meters, Weberbauer 1105,
type.
67. Siphocampylus salviifolius E. Wimm. Notizbl. Bot. Gart.
Berlin 10: 743. 1929.
Branches herbaceous, obtuse-angled, glabrous, pithy; leaves
oblong, 7 cm. long, 2 cm. wide, subacute, narrowed at the base to a
FLORA OF PERU 467
petiole 5 mm. long, the margin revolute and callous-denticulate,
firm, glabrous, glossy, and rugose above, scarcely arachnoid beneath,
the veinlets reticulate; flowers solitary in the axils of the upper leaves;
pedicels 6-7 cm. long, floccose or glabrescent; hypanthium depressed-
globose; sepals sublinear, 8-10 mm. long, denticulate, somewhat
spreading; corolla scarlet, glabrous, its tube straight, 28 mm. long,
the lobes sublinear, about 12 mm. long; stamen tube glabrous.
Ayacucho: Prov. Huanta, between Puytac and Aguayunca,
entrance to the mountains of Huanta, Raimondi 10675, type.
68. Siphocampylus sanguineus A. Zahlbr. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 456.
1906.
A climbing, branched shrub; leaves lanceolate, often broader
in the lower third, 6-13 cm. long, 0.8-1.3 cm. wide, gradually acumi-
nate, obtuse at the base, with a petiole 5-7 mm. long, the margin
unequally denticulate, glabrous except the sparsely pubescent nerves
beneath; hypanthium depressed-globose; sepals sublinear, 15-20
mm. long, entire, ciliolate, spreading; corolla blood-red, glabrous,
4 cm. long, the 2 upper lobes 1 cm. long and recurved, the 3 lower
often adherent, 7 mm. long; stamen tube villous. Neg. 31021.
Amazonas: Prov. Chachapoyas, eastern wall of the valley of the
Maranon above Balsas, 3,200 meters, Weberbauer 4285, type. Also
in Ecuador.
69. Siphocampylus scandens (HBK.) G. Don, Gen. Syst.
3: 703. 1834. Lobelia scandens HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 309. 1819.
Lobelia obtusifolia Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. Syst. 5: 57. 1819.
A climbing shrub with pendent, glabrous branches; leaves oblong,
45 mm. long, 16 mm. wide, obtuse, narrowed at the base into a short
petiole, the margin revolute, glandular-denticulate, firm, glabrous;
flowers in a long, secund raceme; bracts lanceolate, 5 mm. long;
pedicels 8-10 mm. long; lobes of the turbinate calyx dentiform, 2 mm.
long; corolla crimson, sparsely hirtellous, about 3 cm. long; anther
tube 5 mm. long.
Peru:Lo66. Ecuador (near Loja, Humboldt, type).
70. Siphocampylus secundus E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 19:
262. 1924; 29: 88. pi. 117, f. 10. 1931.
A quite glabrous, climbing shrub with pendent, angled branches;
petioles 10-15 mm. long; leaf blades ovate, 3-5 cm. long, 2.2-3 cm.
wide, subacute, broadly rounded to broadly cuneate at the base, the
margin narrowly semidiaphanous-callous with callous teeth or lightly
468 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
crenate with interspersed teeth; inflorescence a secund, rather dense
raceme; bracts small, elliptic, foliaceous, 5-15 mm. long; pedicels
about 2 cm. long; hypanthium turbinate; sepals triangular, 2 mm.
long; corolla whitish, about 3 cm. long, the tube 5 mm. long, the lobes
linear, 23 mm. long; stamens glabrous; anther tube 11 mm. long.
Amazonas: In the Andes near Chachapoyas, Mathews, type.
71. Siphocampylus soraticus E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov.
38: 23. 1935. S. elegans var. boliviensis A. Zahlbr. Bull. Torrey Club
24: 381. 1897, p. p.
A climbing shrub with slender, glabrous branches; petioles curved,
1 cm. long; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 7 cm. long, 1.6 cm. wide, gradually
tapering to the acute tip, rounded at the base, somewhat remotely
callous-denticulate, glabrous; pedicels remote, in the axils of the
leaves, 5 cm. long; hypanthium almost none; sepals linear-lanceolate,
19-21 mm. long, 3 mm. wide at the middle, subacute, callous-dentic-
ulate, spreading to reflexed; corolla probably red, inconspicuously
hirtellous, 6 cm. long, at the throat 10 mm. wide, the lobes linear,
about 2 cm. long; stamen tube glabrous, the anthers 9 mm. long.
Peru: Probably occurring. Bolivia (Sorata, Mandon 498).
72. Siphocampylus sparsipilus E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov.
19: 388. 1924.
A climbing shrub with hollow, terete branches, puberulent
toward the ends; leaves elliptic or rarely ovate-elliptic, 7 cm. long,
3 cm. wide, acute at both ends, with a petiole 10-13 mm. long, the
margin with dense, callous, salient teeth, sparsely pubescent on both
surfaces; pedicels axillary, remote, puberulent, 7-8 cm. long; hypan-
thium depressed-globose, puberulent; sepals triangular-linear, 8 mm.
long, denticulate, subrecurved at the apex; corolla scarlet, glabrous,
its tube 4 cm. long, abruptly ampliate above the attenuate portion,
the lobes triangular-linear, 15-6 mm. long; stamen tube glabrous.
Peru: Probably occurring. Bolivia (Unduavi, Rusby 636).
73. Siphocampylus Spruceanus A. Zahlbr. Ann. Hofmus.
Wien 6: 443. 1891.
Branches woody, angled, densely leafy, scabrous and hirtellous;
petioles 2 mm. long; leaves linear-lanceolate, 2-4 cm. long, 2.5-9 mm.
wide, acute at the apex, acute to rounded at the base, remotely
callous-denticulate, coriaceous, glabrous and glossy above, scabrous-
hirtellous beneath; pedicels axillary, 20-35 mm. long, scabrous-
hirtellous; hypanthium obconic, hirtellous; sepals subulate, 5 mm.
FLORA OF PERU 469
long, entire or with 1 callous tooth, scarcely hirtellous, erect; corolla
garnet-red or white, glabrous, 33 mm. long, the lobes linear, 4-6 mm.
long; stamen tube glabrous. Neg. 31024.
Loreto: Mountains north of Moyobamba, in sandy soil, 1,000
-1,100 meters, Weberbauer 4611. San Martin: Near Tarapoto,
Spruce 4860, type. Zepelacio, 1,200-1,600 meters, King 3277.
74. Siphocampylus stenolobus E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov.
38:24. 1935.
A climbing shrub; leaves ovate-oblong, 9 cm. long, 3 cm. wide,
acuminate-cuspidate, rounded at the base, the margin densely dentic-
ulate, the pubescence above simple, beneath stellate, especially on
the nerves; petioles 8-16 mm. long, often scarcely pubescent; flowers
solitary in the leaf axils; pedicels 7-10 cm. long, glabrous or pubescent
below the ovary, minutely bibracteolate at the base; hypanthium
very short or none; sepals linear, 15-22 mm. long, few-denticulate,
spreading to reflexed; corolla blood-red, yellow toward the summit,
scarcely stellate-pilose, 45 mm. long, the lobes sublinear, about 1 cm.
long; stamen tube glabrous.
Cuzco: Pillahuata, Cerro de Cusilluyoc, in thickets, 2,500-3,000
meters, Pennell 13913, type.
75. Siphocampylus subcarnosus Benth. PI. Hartw. 138. 1844.
A glabrous, climbing shrub with pendent branches; petioles stout,
11 mm. long; leaves oval, 4 cm. long, 3 cm. wide, rounded at the apex,
subrounded at the base, the margin remotely callous-denticulate
and revolute, subcarnose, glabrous; inflorescence a terminal, dense,
secund raceme; bracts mostly fallen, otherwise minute; pedicels 12
mm. long; hypanthium turbinate, its lobes dentiform; corolla red,
narrow, 37-40 mm. long, the lobes linear, about 7 mm. long; anther
tube 4-5 mm. long. Neg. 27271.
Ecuador(?) : Hartweg 776, type.
76. Siphocampylus subcordatus Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot.
Card. 8: 121. 1912.
A shrub about 2 meters high with elongate, stout, glabrous
branches; petioles 3-8 mm. long, often tortuous; leaves ovate, 4-9
cm. long, 2-4.7 cm. wide, obtuse, subcordate to truncate at the base,
slightly crenate with callous teeth, membranous, glabrous and
glossy above, scabrous and minutely hirtellous on the veins beneath ;
pedicels in the axils of normal or (at the end) elliptic bracts, 35-50
mm. long; hypanthium hemispheric; sepals 12 mm. long, linear,
470 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
entire, spreading; corolla purple(?), nearly straight, puberulent,
40-45 mm. long, the lobes linear-triangular, falcate, 15-11 mm. long;
filaments pubescent; anther tube 9 mm. long, white-pilose on the
commissures.
Peru: Not yet found. Bolivia (La Paz, Williams 1507; Buchtien
7529).
76a. Siphocampylus subcordatus var. dives E. Wimm., var.
nov.
Folia glaberrima, laevia, nitida, apice acuta; sepala longiora,
20 mm. longa, patentia; corolla 56 mm. longa, minute hirtella.
Bolivia; Mapiri, in rain forest, 600 meters, Troll 2759 (type in
Herb. Berlin).
77. Siphocampylus superbus A. Zahlbr. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 455.
1906.
Stem stout, subterete, unbranched, to 3 meters high, scabrellous,
with dense scars, in the upper portion angled, pubescent; leaves
dense, the lower at last reflexed, narrow-lanceolate, 16-18 cm. long,
1.3-2 cm. wide, long-acuminate, narrowed at the base into a petiole
8-12 mm. long, the margin lightly crenate and revolute, rugulose
and puberulent above, pubescent beneath; flowers axillary, numer-
ous, crowded at the summit; pedicels 14 cm. long, pubescent;
hypanthium obconic, pubescent, 15 mm. long, 12 mm. wide; sepals
triangular-linear, 20-30 mm. long, denticulate, pubescent, erect;
corolla pale greenish, 6 cm. long, puberulent, the tube straight,
slightly attenuate at the middle, 25 mm. long, the lobes sublinear-
acute, about 3 cm. long; filaments pubescent, free from the corolla;
anther tube 15 mm. long, 6 mm. wide, densely white-villous. Neg.
31025.
Cajamarca: Above Hacienda La Tahona near Hualgayoc, 3,100
-3,300 meters, Weberbauer 4019, type.
78. Siphocampylus tortuosus A. Zahlbr. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 459.
1906.
A twining shrub; branches scabrellous-pilose, hollow; petioles
hirtellous, 10-15 mm. long; leaf blade ovate to elliptic, 7-14 cm.
long, 3-6 cm. wide, acuminate, subrounded to acute at the base,
the margin subrepand and salient-denticulate, glabrous above,
sparsely pubescent beneath; inflorescence a loose, secund raceme,
the lower pedicels in the axils of normal leaves, the others in the
axils of subulate bracts 2-3 cm. long, hirtellous; hypanthium obconic;
FLORA OF PERU 471
sepals subulate, 6 mm. long, hirtellous, reflexed; corolla bright purple,
hirtellous, 6 cm. long, the lobes linear, about 17 mm. long; filaments
glabrous; anther tube 7 mm. long, scarcely pilose. Neg. 31026.
Loreto: Mountains north of Moyobamba, 1,500 meters, Weber-
bauer 4646, type.
79. Siphocampylus tupaeformis A. Zahlbr. Ann. Hofmus.
Wien 6: 440. 1891. S. resinosus Schlecht. in Lechler, Berberid.
Amer. Austr. 58. 1857 (nomen!).
Stem suffruticose, 1-2 meters high, angled, pubescent, densely
leafy; leaves subsessile, ovate-oblong, 5.5-11 cm. long, 2-^4.8 cm.
wide, gradually tapering to the acute tip, truncate to rounded at
the base, subcoriaceous, the margin densely and irregularly serrulate-
denticulate, scabrellous-hirtellous above, densely pubescent and
reticulate beneath; flowers forming a long, dense, leafy raceme, the
subtending leaves gradually passing into lanceolate bracts 5-2 cm.
long; pedicels 15-40 cm. long, hirtellous; hypanthium hemispheric
to turbinate, 5 mm. wide; sepals triangular, 3-4 mm. long, entire
or with 1 tooth, hirtellous; corolla orange-red on the upper side,
yellow on the lower, or fiery red, puberulent, 35-40 mm. long, the
lobes linear, 10-15 mm. long; filaments glabrous; anther tube gray,
5 mm. long, glabrous or with few hairs at the base. Neg. 9103.
Cuzco: Urubamba Valley, 2,800-3,000 meters, Herrera 149,
2285, 3027, 3392. Colquipata, rocky, bush-covered banks of Rio
Quencomayo, 3,200 meters, Pennell 13787. Sacsahuaman, 3,500
meters, Pennell 13541- Puno: Azangaro, on rocks, 4,000 meters,
Weberbauer 486. Prov. Sandia, above Cuivenyo, on rocks, 3,700
meters, Weberbauer 922. Granja Salcedo, 4,000 meters, Soukup 69.
Without locality, Lechler 1741- Bolivia.
79a. Siphocampylus tupaeformis var. reduncus E. Wimm.
Torreya 25: 95. 1925.
Differing from the type by the leaves, which on the lower surface
are whitish by a very dense pilosity, the venation sharply prominent;
pedicels and calyx glabrescent; sepals linear, 5 mm. long, recurved
at the apex; corolla glabrous.
Cuzco: Machupicchu, 2,100 meters, Cook & Gilbert 1020, type.
79b. Siphocampylus tupaeformis var. dulcis E. Wimm.
Repert. Sp. Nov. 29: 84. 1931.
Differing from the type by the thin-membranous leaves and
minute pubescence.
472 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Cuzco: Above Urubamba in open landscape mixed with herbs,
grasses, and shrubs, 3,500 meters, Weberbauer 4920, type.
80. Siphocampylus Vatkeanus A. Zahlbr. Bull. Torrey Club
24: 377. 1897.
An erect shrub to 2 meters tall, the upper parts of the branches
floccose-pulverulent; leaves ovate-oblong, 8-14 cm. long, 2.5-3.8 cm.
wide, acuminate, narrowed at the base into a petiole 8-12 mm. long,
the margin densely callous-denticulate, subcoriaceous, smooth and
glabrous above, pale beneath and especially on the veins pubescent-
pulverulent; pedicels axillary, pulverulent, 8-12 cm. long; hypan-
thium broadly turbinate; sepals sublinear, 10-12 mm. long, dentic-
ulate, erect; corolla greenish white, scabrellous, the tube straight,
15 mm. long, slightly attenuate at the middle, the lobes linear, 22
mm. long; filaments glabrous; anther tube gray, 11 mm. long, glabrous
or scarcely short-pilose. Neg. 27274-
Cuzco: Paso de Tres Cruces, Cerro de Cusilluyoc, in thicket,
shrub zone below paramo, 3,500-3,800 meters, Pennell 13893.
Puno: Prov. Sandia, bushy places, 3,100 meters, Weberbauer 868.
Bolivia (Sorata, Mandon 497, type).
81. Siphocampylus venustus E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 19:
263. 1924.
Stem herbaceous, obtusely angled, subvillous; petioles 3 mm.
long; upper leaves subsessile; leaf blades ovate-oblong, 5.2 cm. long,
2 cm. wide, acute at the apex, rounded at the base, the margin un-
equally serrulate-denticulate, puberulent or glabrescent above,
tomentulose beneath; flowers in the axils of leaves or bracts, forming
a leafy raceme; pedicels to 2 cm. long, tomentose; hypanthium hemi-
spheric, tomentose; sepals narrowly triangular, 3 mm. long, 1- or 2-
denticulate, villous; corolla red, yellow on the ventral half, nearly
straight, glandular and slightly villous, 28 mm. long, the lobes linear,
about 12 mm. long; filaments glabrous; anther tube gray, 6 mm.
long, with 5 small tufts of hairs at the base.
Junin: Near Oroya, Kalenborn 189, type.
82. Siphocampylus versicolor E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 19:
263. 1924.
Stem suffruticose, 1 meter high, angled, sparsely floccose; petioles
floccose, 1 cm. long; leaves lanceolate, 8.5-13 cm. long, 2-3.5 cm.
wide, acute at both ends, the margin denticulate and narrowly
revolute, thickish, rugose, glossy and glabrous above, slightly
FLORA OF PERU 473
arachnoid beneath, the venation reticulate; pedicels axillary, crowded
at the summit, 12-15 cm. long, sparsely floccose, bibracteolate nearly
at the middle; hypanthium turbinate, ampliate at the top, floccose;
sepals linear, 16 mm. long, obsoletely denticulate, sparsely villous,
erect; corolla scarlet on the upper side, orange-red on the lower,
glabrous, 4 cm. long, the lobes linear, 10-15 mm. long; stamen tube
glabrous.
Ayacucho: Prov. Huanta, road from Tambo via Osno to Rio
Apurimac, 3,400-3,500 meters, Weberbauer 5561, type.
83. Siphocampylus veteranus E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov.
19: 264. 1924. S. scabrifolius Schlecht. in Lechler, Berberid. Amer.
Austr. 58. 1857 (nomen!).
A shrub or tree 2-9 meters high, the older bark very corky,
leafless except the branch tips; odor skunk-like; leaves lanceolate,
8-9 cm. long, 1.6-2 cm. wide, acuminate to acute at the tip, narrowed
into a petiole 8 mm. long, more or less densely denticulate, mem-
branous, glabrous on both surfaces, often scabrellous beneath;
pedicels axillary, 10-11 cm. long, with 2 subulate bractlets at the
base; hypanthium broadly turbinate; sepals linear, 6-7 mm. long,
subentire, glabrous, spreading; corolla greenish white or sometimes
reddish toward the base on the upper side, glabrous, its tube 8 mm.
long, almost equally wide (7 mm.), the lobes downward gradually
deeper disjoined, the upper lobes 20, the lateral 18, the lowest 16 mm.
long; stamen tube glabrous; anthers gray, 10 mm. long. Neg. 9087.
Ayacucho: Prov. Huanta, road from Tambo via Osno to Rio
Apurimac, 3,100-3,400 meters, Weberbauer 5579, type. Cuzco:
Paucartambo to Tres Cruces, Cerro de Cusilluyoc, in thicket, 3,200-
3,400 meters, Pennell 14146. Huanuco: Upper canyon head, 6 miles
south of Mito, 3,150 meters, I860. Puno: Tabina, Lechler 2073.
Prov. Carabaya, Weddell 4632.
84. Siphocampylus Weberbaueri A. Zahlbr. Bot. Jahrb. 37:
456. 1906.
A shrub to 3 meters high, branched only at the base; stems hollow,
terete, glabrescent, whitish-villous toward the ends; leaves dense,
membranous, oblong, 12-14 cm. long, 3-4.5 cm. wide, acuminate,
narrowed at the base into a tomentose petiole 6-8 mm. long, callous-
denticulate, puberulent above, white-tomentose beneath; pedicels
axillary, 10-17 cm. long, floccose, bibracteolate at the base; hypan-
thium depressed-globose, pubescent; sepals linear, entire, denticulate,
pubescent, 9-15 mm. long; corolla (form d) greenish white, reddish-
474 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
suffused, pubescent, its tube 16 mm. long, 4 mm. wide at the middle,
the lobes sublinear, falcate, 22-15 mm. long; filaments glabrous;
anther tube 13 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, pilose, naked at the apex.
Neg. 31029.
Cajamarca: Above Hacienda La Tahona near Hualgayoc, 3,100-
3,300 meters, Weberbauer 4019, type.
- 85. Siphocampylus Williamsii Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard.
8: 122. 1912.
Branches slender, angled, tuberculate, glabrous; leaves lanceolate
to lance-linear, 4-7 cm. long, 0.6-0.8 cm. wide, acute at both ends,
narrowed to a short petiole or subsessile, the margin remotely callous-
denticulate and narrowly revolute, firm, glabrous; pedicels solitary
in the axils of somewhat smaller leaves, 2-7 cm. long; hypanthium
turbinate; sepals 5-6 mm. long, triangular-linear, obtuse, with 1
callous tooth on either side; corolla rose-purple, glabrous, straight,
35 mm. long; anther tube glabrous, 5 mm. long.
Peru: Haenke. Bolivia.
8. LAURENTIA Michx.
Slender herbs, erect or cespitose. Leaves petiolate, rarely sessile,
alternate, rarely radical and rosulate. Flowers in a terminal, loose
raceme or solitary in the leaf axils. Calyx lobes 5. Corolla tube
entire, often funnel-shaped, mostly straight, its limb 5-parted, bilabi-
ate or somewhat regular. Filaments connate, distinct at the base,
free from the corolla (Eulaurentia) or adnate to the corolla tube at
about the middle (Isotoma), included in the corolla tube. Two
lower anthers setigerous or penicillate-pilose at the apex. Capsule
obovoid or about cylindric, 2-locular, dehiscent by 2 valves at
the summit, mostly inferior, rarely superior (as in the species of
Peru). Seeds ellipsoid, brown, hardly 1 mm. long. Distributed
chiefly in South Africa, Australia, from Mexico to Bolivia, and in
the Mediterranean lands. In Peru as yet only 2 species are known.
Corolla white, large, the tube narrow-cylindric 1. L. longiflora.
Corolla small, violet or pink 2. L. micrantha.
1. Laurentia longiflora (L.) E. Wimm., comb, nov., non
Schlechter. Lobelia longiflora L. Sp. PI. 930. 1753; Bot. Mag. pi
2563; Bot. Reg. pi. 1200. Rapuntium longiflorum Mill. Diet. ed. 8.
No. 7. 1768. Hippobroma longiflora G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3: 717.
1834. Isotoma longiflora Presl, Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 42. 1836.
FLORA OF PERU 475
An erect, coarse, pubescent herb 30-60 cm. high; leaves oblong-
lanceolate to obovate-lanceolate, 8-17 cm. long, 2-5 cm. wide, acute,
narrowed at the base into the indefinite, margined petiole, the margin
repand-dentate to irregularly sinuate-dentate; pedicels solitary in
the axils, 5-8 mm. long, with 2 bractlets above the base; hypanthium
obconic, 9 mm. long; sepals linear, denticulate, erect, 10-13 mm.
long; corolla white, inodorous, puberulent, the tube entire, cylindric,
7-11 cm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, the 5 lobes nearly equal, linear-
lanceolate, glabrous within, about 2 cm. long; filaments glabrous,
adnate at about the middle of the corolla tube; anther tube 4 mm.
long, hairy at the apex; capsule oblong-ovoid, pendulous. Flower-
ing nearly throughout the year. A very poisonous plant!
Loreto: Iquitos and Caballo-cocha on the Amazon River, Williams
1429, 2126. Yurimaguas, lower Rio Huallaga, waste places, 135
meters, Killip & Smith 29117. Brazil to the West Indies and
Mexico. "Revienta-caballos."
2. Laurentia micrantha (HBK.) A. Zahlbr. Bull. Torrey Club
24: 386. 1897, non A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 7: 411. 1839. Lobelia
micrantha HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 316. 1819; A. DC. op. cit. 373.
Lobelia subtilis HBK. op. cit. 317. Lobelia ruderalis et L. Draba
Willd. ex R. & S. Syst. 5: 56, 67. 1819. Rapuntium micranthum
et R. subtile Presl, Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 25. 1836. Lobelia parvi-
flora Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 9: 41. 1842. Lobelia minuti-
flora Kunze, Linnaea 16: 318. 1842. Laurentia michoacana Robinson,
Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 167. 1891.
An annual, erect herb 8-30 cm. high; stem angled, simple and
ramose, glabrous or puberulent; lower leaves ovate to ovate-oblong,
10-35 mm. long, 8-23 mm. wide, the upper gradually reduced,
lanceolate, sessile, obtuse to acute at the tip, rounded to cuneate
at the base, dentate, glabrous to sparsely pubescent; flowers in a
terminal, loose raceme; bracts linear to subulate, shorter than the
(5-12 mm. long) pedicels; ovary superior, oblong-ovoid; sepals
linear, erect, mostly glabrous, 2 mm. long; corolla 4-6 mm. long, its
tube pale, the lobes dull bluish violet or pale pink; anther tube
hardly 1 mm. long, the 2 lower anthers pilose at the tip; capsule
oblong-ovoid, superior, bearing at the tip the faded corolla, 5 mm.
long, 2 mm. wide. Neg. 9110.
Amazonas: Andes of Chachapoyas, Mathews 908. Ayacucho:
Prov. Huanta, below Yanamonte, Weberbauer 5605. Aina, between
Huanta and Rio Apurimac, open hillside, 750-1,000 meters, Killip
& Smith 22684. Cuzco: Ollantaitambo, 3,800 meters, Cook &
476 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Gilbert 348. Rio Paucartambo below Paucartambo, moist, grassy
slope, 2,900-3,200 meters, Pennell 13798. Huanuco: Yanahuanca,
shrubby southern slope, 1166. Maria del Valle, 2,100 meters, 3555.
Ambo, stony river flat, 2,100 meters, 3196. Junin: Uspachaca,
southeastern canyon slope, 2,500 meters, 1297. Lima: Viso, 2,700
meters, 763. Department unknown: Chinchin (Dombey, det. A. DC.).
Mexico to Bolivia; Chile (?).
2a. Laurentia micrantha var. longibracteata E. Wimm. Rev.
Sudamer. Bot. 2: 104. 1935. L. pedunculata Brandeg. Univ. Calif.
Publ. Bot. 6: 73. 1914.
Stem, petiole, and sepals ciliate; pedicels 1-2 cm. long, as long
as or shorter than the sublinear bracts.
Amazonas: Between Suta and Leimebamba, Raimondi 1811.
Chachapoyas, Mathews. Cuzco: Ollantaitambo, field along river,
2,850 meters, Pennell 13681. Cuzco, H err era 2586a. Puno: Sandia,
2,200 meters, Weberbauer 583. Mexico; Guatemala; Colombia;
Venezuela; Ecuador; Brazil; Paraguay.
2b. Laurentia micrantha var. ovatifolia (Robinson) E.
Wimm., comb. nov. L. ovatifolia Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 26:
166. 1891.
Lower leaves ovate, subcordate to truncate at the base; bracts
much shorter than the pedicels.
Cajamarca: Prov. Jae"n, valley of Rio Tabaconas near Hacienda
Charape, grassy steppe, 1,200-1,300 meters, Weberbauer 6262.
Mexico.
9. LOBELIA L.
Annual or perennial, slender or stout, low or tall herbs. Leaves
alternate, petioled, rarely sessile, undivided, usually with callous
teeth at the margin. Flowers solitary in the leaf axils or in terminal
racemes, pedicellate. Hypanthium hemispheric or turbinate, inferior
or sometimes nearly free, with 5 distinct sepals. Corolla tubular,
its tube split on the upper side to the base; limb 5-lobed, bilabiate,
the 2 upper lobes smaller, erect to recurved, or sometimes as long
as the lower lobes and ascendent; lower lip 3-lobed and spreading,
often tuberculate at the base. Filaments free from the corolla,
completely or upward connate into a narrow tube. Anther tube
cylindric, the 2 lower anthers shorter and barbate at the tip. Style
filiform, included in the stamen tube; stigma 2-lobed. Fruit a
2-locular capsule, dehiscent at the apex by 2 valves. Seeds numer-
ous, mostly ellipsoid, very small. Distributed in both hemispheres.
FLORA OF PERU 477
Stout herbs; leaves oblong, acute, sinuate-dentate, sessile, decurrent;
raceme leafy 3. L. decurrens.
Slender herbs; leaves petioled or sessile; flowers solitary or in lax,
bracteate racemes.
Prostrate, creeping plants; flowers axillary 5. L. nana.
Erect plants; flowers in terminal, lax racemes.
Ovary and capsule nearly superior 8. L. xalapensis.
Ovary and capsule inferior, only the capsule valves overtopping
the calyx lobes.
Corolla lobes linear-acute 2. L. collina.
Corolla lobes obovate.
Glabrous plants.
Plant growing in marshy soil; bracteoles distinct, fili-
form, divaricate; all anthers pilose at the tip.
1. L. aquatica.
Plant not of marshes; bracteoles inconspicuous; only the
2 lower anthers barbate 7. L. tenera.
Puberulent or short-hirsute plants.
All anthers barbate at the tip; pedicels with 2 long
bracteoles at the middle 4. L. holotricha.
Only the 2 lower anthers barbate; pedicels without
bracteoles 6. L. subpubera.
1. Lobelia aquatica Cham. Linnaea 8: 211. 1833. L. domin-
gensis A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 7: 359. 1839. L. bracteolata Vatke,
Linnaea 38: 721. 1874.
A quite glabrous plant 8-20 cm. high, growing in aquatic or
marshy places; stems angular, succulent; leaves sessile, linear-
lanceolate, the lower small, ovate, 8 mm. long and 6 mm. wide, or
oblong to lanceolate, 30 mm. long and 3.5 mm. wide, obtuse to
acute, remotely denticulate; flowers axillary to racemose; pedicels
1-3 cm. long, with 2 filiform, divaricate bractlets 2-3 mm. long at
the base; hypanthium turbinate; sepals subulate, 2 mm. long, sub-
erect; corolla 5-6 mm. long, bluish or lilac, white-spotted in the
throat; tube barbate at the orifice; seeds 3-edged.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4404- More frequent in Vene-
zuela, Brazil, Paraguay, and West Indies.
2. Lobelia collina HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 312. 1819. L. lini-
folia andL. phyteumoides Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. Syst. 5: 57. 1819.
478 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
A glabrous, procumbent-ascendent, branched herb; leaves ses-
sile, linear-lanceolate, acute, callous-denticulate, 15-20 mm. long,
2-4 mm. wide; flowers in terminal, secund racemes; bracts linear,
as long as the (2-4 mm. long) pedicels; hypanthium semi-ovoid;
sepals subulate, entire, erect, 2 mm. long; corolla bluish(?), 1 cm.
long, the lobes linear, the upper 5 mm., the lower 3 mm. long.
Without locality: Rare on dry hills, Humboldt (Herb. Willd.
3959, type of L. linifolia; and 3966, type of L. phyteumoides).
3. Lobelia decurrens Cav. Icon. 6: 13. pi. 521. 1801, non Roth.
L. foliosa HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 310. 1819. Rapuntium decurrens
et R. foliosum Presl, Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 24. 1836.
A coarse, erect, simple herb 80-120 cm. high; stem and leaves
glabrous, but the flowers pubescent (type and also L. decurrens var.
/3. A. DC.); leaves oblong, 13 cm. long, 4.5 cm. wide, acute, truncate
or narrowed at the base and on the stem broadly dentate-decurrent,
the margin deeply, sharply, and often doubly dentate; flowers in a
leafy raceme, the subtending leaves above often small and lanceolate,
cuspidate; pedicels 8-13 mm. long, pubescent; hypanthium hemi-
spheric, 7 mm. in diameter, pubescent like the 5 lobes, these triangular-
linear, 12-15 mm. long, pubescent, deeply linear-dentate; corolla
3 cm. long, purplish lavender, pubescent, the lower lip 3-lobed (lobes
narrow-triangular, 5 mm. long), the upper lobes linear, 17 mm. long;
anther tube 7 mm. long, glabrous, the 2 lower anthers barbate at
the tip.
Ancash: Below Pamparomas, between Samanca and Caraz, near
a brook, 2,000-2,400 meters, Weberbauer 3188. Apurimac, Herrera
1207. Lima: Between Narkima and Matucana on the margin of a
clover field, 2,200-2,370 meters, Weberbauer 44- Matucana, 2,400
meters, 99. Obrajillo, Wilkes Exped. Along Rio Chillon near
Viscas, rocky bank, 1,800-2,000 meters, Pennell 14317. San Barto-
lome", Rose 18678.
3a. Lobelia decurrens var. jaensis E. Wimm., var. nov.
Differt a typo caule et foliis longe pubescentibus, corolla 45 mm.
longa, sed longitude corollae saepe variat inter 26-45 mm.
Department unknown: "Copiose in Luvini collibus," Pavdn (type
in herb. Delessert). Mathews 658. Cajamarca: Prov. Jae"n, San
Felipe, Weberbauer. Also in Chile and Ecuador. "Contoya."
4. Lobelia holotricha E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 38: 87. 1935..
An erect herb, ramose, puberulent; leaves sessile or the lower
petioled, obovate-lanceolate to linear, 23 mm. long, 3 mm. wide,
FLORA OF PERU 479
obtuse, gradually narrowed to the base, entire, inconspicuously
denticulate, the upper leaves linear, 6-12 mm. long, 1 mm. wide,
nearly appressed; flowers in loose, terminal racemes; bracts linear,
as long as the pedicels, these 5 mm. long, erect, bearing 2 bracteoles
below the calyx; hypanthium obconic; sepals linear, 4-5 mm. long,
denticulate; corolla dark blue, slightly puberulent, 10 mm. long;
stamen tube 4 mm. long, included in the corolla tube; filaments
distinct, as long as the anthers; anther tube puberulent on the back,
barbate at the orifice.
Huanuco: Six miles south of Mito, in grasslands, 3,300 meters,
1906, type. v
5. Lobelia nana HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 317. pi. 272. 1819.
A small, perennial herb with prostrate, rooting stems or shoots;
leaves radical and cauline, petioled, roundish, spatulate, or obovate-
oblong, narrowed at the base into a petiole 2-4 mm. long or rarely
to 18 mm. long; leaf blades 5-16 mm. long, 2-8 mm. wide, often short-
hirsute above, beneath glabrous, entire, with obsolete callosities at
the margin; pedicels radical and axillary, 1-flowered, 3-6 cm. long,
glabrous; hypanthium semiovoid; sepals triangular, 3-4 mm. long,
entire, erect; corolla bluish, 7-10 mm. long, the upper lobes sublinear,
the lower obovate; anther tube glabrous, the 2 lower anthers with
2 longer and a few shorter hairs.
Puno: Raimondi^ Bolivia (Sorata, Mandon 11*63}; frequent in
Mexico.
5a. Lobelia nana var. flagelliformis Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 13.
1857. L. Cymbalaria Griseb. Goett. Abh. 19: 200. 1874.
Differing from the type only by much longer shoots and pedicels,
also the leaves are often longer-petioled and mostly dentate.
Puno: Between Chupa and Huancane", Raimondi 9515. Frequent
in Bolivia and Argentina, but apparently rare in Peru.
5b. Lobelia nana var. cymbalarioides (A. Zahlbr.) E. Wimm.,
comb. nov. L. cymbalarioides A. Zahlbr. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 461. 1906.
Pratia boliviensis A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 7: 340. 1839.
Particularly distinguished from the type and the preceding
variety by the short pedicels, 12-16 mm. long.
Junin: Between Yauli and Pachichaca on the Lima-Oroya line,
rocky mats, 4,100 meters, Weberbauer 324, type of L. cymbalarioides.
Prov. Tarma, La Oroya, grassy mat on river bank, 3,900 meters,
Weberbauer 2591b. La Oroya, moist soil, 3,100^,200 meters, Kalen-
born 55. Bolivia.
480 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
6. Lobelia subpubera Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 14. 1857.
Plants 3-10 cm. high, puberulent or glabrescent, with short
stolons; lower leaves spatulate to lanceolate, 10 mm. long, 3-5 mm.
wide, acute, narrowed at the base to a short petiole 2-4 mm. long,
callous-denticulate, puberulent above or glabrate, glabrous beneath;
upper leaves lanceolate to linear, sessile; flowers in terminal, few-
flowered racemes; pedicels 4-6 mm. long, about equaling the bracts;
hypanthium turbinate; sepals subulate, 3-4 mm. long, erect, ciliolate;
corolla bluish, 10 mm. long.
Peru: Type form probably occurring. Ecuador (Jameson 1+63}.
6a. Lobelia subpubera var. Weberbaueri (A. Zahlbr.) E.
Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 29: 51. 1931. L. Weberbaueri A. Zahlbr.
Bot. Jahrb. 37: 462. 1906.
Somewhat taller (20 cm.), with larger corolla (12-14 mm. long).
Neg. 30980.
Cajamarca: Pass of Coimolache near Hualgayoc, 4,000-4,100
meters, Weberbauer 3955, type. Ecuador.
7. Lobelia tenera HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 314. 1819.
An erect, glabrous herb 15-30 cm. high with creeping rhizomes
and short stolons, producing several stems with few leaves; leaves
spatulate to linear (the upper), 20 by 8 mm., 30 by 7 mm., or 15 by
2 mm., obtuse to acute, remotely denticulate, narrowed at the base
into a short petiole or sessile; raceme leafless below to the length of
3-6 cm.; flowers racemose, few, on pedicels 11-17 mm. long; bracts
linear, denticulate, 2-8 mm. long; hypanthium turbinate; sepals
subulate, 3 mm. long, suberect; corolla 10 mm. long, light blue,
bluish violet, or lilac; anther tube glabrous. Neg. 9117.
Ayacucho: Prov. Huanta, Cueva de Puitac, Raimondi 9448.
Puna de Huanta, Raimondi 10876, 13003. Yanahuara, grass steppe,
3,800 meters, Weberbauer 7595. Cajamarca: Prov. Chota, between
Cajamarca and Yanacancha, Raimondi 9994. Celendin, Osgood &
Anderson 56. Prov. Hualgayoc, above San Miguel, 2,600-2,700
meters, Weberbauer 3899. Cuzco: Pinasniocj, Panticalla Pass, 3,600
meters, Cook & Gilbert 1823. Pillahuata, 2,800-3,000 meters, Pennell
14121. Huanuco: Prov. Huamalies, Altos de Chacabamba, Rai-
mondi 12350, 12698. Fifteen miles northeast of Huanuco, common
on grassy slopes, 3,750 meters, 1493, 2194. Junin: Altos de Tarma,
Raimondi 11802. Prov. Tarma, mountains east of Palca, 2,700-
3,000 meters, Weberbauer 2452. La Oroya, Kalenborn 181. La
Oroya, loose, moist, lime soils, 978. Without data: Mathews 3021.
FLORA OF PERU 481
7a. Lobelia tenera var. belladonna E. Wimm., var. nov.
Corolla obscure caeruleo-violacea, basi labii inferioris albo-
maculata et viridescenti-tuberculata, lobis 2 superioribus erecto-
recurvis, 8 mm. longis, lobis inferioribus obovatis, mucronatis,
8 mm. longis, 6 mm. latis; tubus, staminalis 7 mm. longus.
Ayacucho: Pampalca, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, open
hillside, 3,200 meters, Killip & Smith 22217, type in Herb. Field Mus.
8. Lobelia xalapensis HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 315. 1819.
L. monticola HBK. op. cit. 316. L. pcdmaris Willd. ex Roem. &
Schult. Syst. 5: 56. 1819. Rapuntium affine Presl, Prodr. Monogr.
Lobel. 25. 1836. L. mollis Graham, Edinb. Phil. Journ. 185. 1829.
L. ocimoides Kunze, Linnaea 24: 178. 1851. L. Cliff ortiana var.
xalapensis Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2, pt. 1: 7. 1878.
An erect, puberulent or glabrescent, annual herb 19-30 cm. high;
leaves remote, petioled, ovate, 3 cm. long, 2.4 cm. wide, obtuse to
acute, subcordate to cuneate at the base, dentate to somewhat
sinuate, the upper leaves lanceolate, sessile, often subpubescent
beneath; flowers in loose racemes; bracts lanceolate to linear, small,
often ciliate; pedicels 5-10 mm. long, puberulent; hypanthium very
short and turbinate or none; sepals subulate, 2 mm. long; corolla 5-6
mm. long, purplish, lilac, or white; capsule quite or nearly superior,
oblong or ovoid, 4-5 mm. long. The related L. Cliffortiana L. is
completely glabrous and further distinguished by its inferior ovary
and capsule. It is an endemic herb of the West Indian Islands, and
often occurs as a cultivated plant. Neg. 9111.
Huanuco: Yanahuanca, 3,000 meters, 1166. Junin: La Merced,
trail edge, 600 meters, 5851. Lima: Viso, 2,700 meters, 763. San
Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 1+200. Loreto: Above Pongo de Man-
seriche, Mexia 6319. Widely distributed from Mexico to Argentina
and Bolivia.
LYSIPOMINAE
Small herbs. Corolla tube entire. Filaments free from or adnate
to the corolla. Capsule 1-locular, or perhaps incompletely bilocular
in the inferior portion, opening at the apex by an orbicular, convex,
deciduous operculum. The occurrence of this group is confined to
the high Andes of South America. It includes only the following
genus.
10. LYSIPOMIA HBK.
Lysipoma A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 7: 349. 1839, excl. Hypsela;
Rhizocephalum Wedd.
482 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Leaves rosulate or rarely alternate, entire, stiff or somewhat
fleshy. Flowers subsessile or peduncled, crowded at the center of
the plant or solitary in the leaf axils. Ovary 1-celled. Hypanthium
inferior, mostly obconic. Calyx lobes 5. Corolla tubular, with a
5-parted, subbilabiate limb, the lobes triangular-lanceolate. Stamens
connate into a narrow tube, the 2 inferior anthers a little shorter
than the others, terminated by 2 bristles or many short hairs. Stigma
bilobed, ciliate outside. Capsule obconic or ellipsoid. Seeds numerous,
adnate to parietal placentae.
A. Corolla short-tubular, 3-10 mm. long; filaments epigynous or
adnate at the base; capsule completely 1-celled.
1. Subgenus Eulysipomia.
Plants acaulescent or subacaulescent; leaves stellate-crowded or
rosulate.
Peduncles shorter than the flowers or almost obsolete.
Sepals very unequal in length.
Sepals glabrous.
Leaves linear, rounded, like the sepals, at the tip.
1. L. acaulis.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute like the sepals.
2. L. acuta.
Sepals ciliate, acute, narrow-triangular .... 3. L. globularis.
Sepals equal in length.
Leaves lanceolate, petiolate 3. L. aretioides.
Leaves linear, sessile 14. L. pumila.
Peduncles about as long as or much longer than the flower.
Leaves almost acicular, sessile 4. L. brachysiphonia.
Leaves lanceolate, long-petiolate 7. L. gracilis.
Plants caulescent.
Stem creeping; leaves sparse.
Sepals unequal; leaves oblanceolate, entire. 13. L. montioides.
Sepals equal; leaves spatulate-oblong, remotely crenate,
almost abruptly petiolate 5. L. glandulifera.
Stem erect, moss-like; leaves imbricate.
Sepals very unequal 15. L. sphagnophila.
Sepals equal.
Leaves reflexed; flowers peduncled 11. L. Lehmannii.
Leaves erect to spreading; flowers subsessile 8. L. hirta.
FLORA OF PERU 483
A. Corolla tube 14-25 mm. long, the lower portion narrow-cylindric,
then ampliate; filaments inserted in the corolla above the middle;
capsule 1-locular, apparently 2-locular in the inferior portion.
2. Subgenus Rhizocephalum.
Plants acaulescent; rosulate leaves and flowers radical.
Leaves linear, obtuse, entire, glabrous 12. L. linearifolia.
Leaves lanceolate or spatulate-lanceolate, acute, pinnatifid,
dentate to entire, mostly pubescent 9. L. laciniata.
Plants caulescent, with short branchlets; leaves dense, acicular.
10. L. laricina.
1. Lysipomia acaulis HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 321. pi. 267.
1819. Lysipoma acaulis A. DC. loc. cit. Lobelia androsacea Humb.
Distr. Georg. PI. Proleg. 39. 1817 (nomen!) Willd. ex R. & S. Syst.
5:41. 1819.
Plant 2 cm. high; leaves stellate-crowded, rigid, sessile, linear
with rounded tip, slightly dilated at the base and ciliate, 10 mm. long,
1.25 mm. wide; flowers short-peduncled, crowded at the center;
sepals unequal, ovate-oblong, rounded, not ciliate, the uppermost
2.5 mm. long, the lowest 1.25 mm. long; corolla sordid-white, 4-5 mm.
long.
Junin: Hacienda Arapi, near Yauli, on stony mats, 4,400 meters,
Weberbauer 342 (det. Zahlbruckner). South America, Humboldt 2252
type; Ecuador.
2. Lysipomia acuta E. Wimm., sp. nov.
Plan tula 15 mm. alta, acaulis; folia radicalia, stellatim expansa,
lineari-lanceolata, cum petiolo marginato, ciliolato 8-12 mm. longa,
1.2 mm. lata, acuta, glabra vel supra evanescenter hirtella; flores in
centro crebri, pedunculo primo brevissimo, demum ad 5 mm. elon-
gate; hypanthium obconicum, 5-costatum, glabrum; sepala inequalia,
ovato-acuta, 2-1 mm. longa; corolla pallide luteola vel virenti-lutea,
3 mm. longa, lobi anguste triangulares; antherarum tubus nigrescens,
circiter 1 mm. longus, antherarum 2 inferiores apice bisetosae;
capsula obconica, 1-locularis, 3 mm. longa; semina obscuro-fusca,
ellipsoideo-cylindrica, obtusa, scrobiculata, 0.8 mm. longa.
Without locality: Pavon. Ancash: Prov. Huari, Andes west of
Pichiu, stony places, 4,400-4,500 meters, Weberbauer 2944- Prov.
Patasca, Pushuquilca Valley, high Andean grass steppe, 4,100 meters,
Weberbauer 7243. Huancavelica: Prov. Tayacaja, mountains on
the right side of Rio Manatara, south of Surcubamba, 4,200 meters,
484 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Weberbauer 6476. Junin: Cerro de Pasco, grassy slope, 4,200 meters,
3079.
3. Lysipomia aretioides HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 321. pi. 267,
f. 1. 1819. Lobelia glandulosa Willd. ex R. & S. Syst. 5: 41. 1819. L.
Willdenowiana R. & S. loc. cit. L. adenophora R. & S. (nomen!).
A little plant with very abbreviated stem, 1-2 cm. high; leaves
stellately crowded, with several flowers in the center, spatulate-
lanceolate, 3-5 mm. long, acute, entire, glabrous or subciliate,
narrowed into the short, often ciliate petiole; peduncles radical, 1-2
mm. long; hypanthium oblong-obovoid ; sepals triangular, acute,
ciliate, equal, 1.5 mm. long; corolla brownish yellow, 4 mm. long, the
lobes ciliate.
Peru: Humboldt, type of Lobelia glandulosa. Ecuador (Andes
near Loja, Herb. Kunth, type).
4. Lysipomia brachysiphonia (A. Zahlbr.) E. Wimm., comb,
nov. Rhizocephalum brachysiphonium A. Zahlbr. Bot. Jahrb. 37:
461. 1906.
Plants cespitose, 2-3 cm. high; leaves dense, sessile, linear, 15-30
mm. long, hardly 1 mm. wide, with 3 callous teeth on each side,
glabrous; peduncles radical, 10-15 mm. long; sepals subulate, obtuse,
2 mm. long, with 1-2 callous teeth; corolla pale lilac, 12 mm. long,
its tube narrow, 6 mm. long, the upper lobes somewhat narrower
than the 3 lower and ciliate; filaments adnate to the corolla base,
7 mm. long, the 2 lower anthers with 2 bristles at the tip. Neg. 9076.
Huanuco: Prov. Huamalies, mountains southeast of Monzon,
in bog, 3,000-3,200 meters, Weberbauer 3716, type.
4a. Lysipomia brachysiphonia var. brevifolia (A. Zahlbr.)
E. Wimm., comb. nov. Rhizocephalum brachysiphonium var. brevi-
folium A. Zahlbr. loc. cit. Lysipomia subulata G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3:
717. 1834 (?).
Leaves shorter, 4-10 mm. long; sepals ovate, subacute, with 1,
rarely 2 teeth on each side; corolla whitish, brown-dotted at the
throat.
Junin: Prov. Tarma, mountains west of Huacapistana, open,
swampy places between bushes, 3,000-3,200 meters, Weberbauer
2081 .Without locality: Pavdn.
5. Lysipomia glandulifera Schlecht. in Lechler, Berberid.
Amer. Austr. 58. 1857 (nomen!). Pratia glandulifera Wedd. Chlor.
FLORA OF PERU 485
And. 2: 11. pi. 45, f. A. 1857. Hypsela glandulifera Benth. & Hook,
f. Gen. PI. 2: 559. 1876.
A cespitose plant with creeping and rooting stems; leaves oblong,
3-5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, obtuse, slightly crenate with callous teeth
between the crenations, rarely subentire, narrowed at the base into a
white petiole 5-7 mm. long, glabrous; flowers solitary in the leaf
axils, short-peduncled ; hypanthium oblong-obovoid ; sepals sublinear,
1-2 mm. long, obtuse, equal, erect; corolla funnel-shaped, glabrous,
6 mm. long, white, the 2 upper lobes completely white, the lower
lobes white with 2 violet dots, in the throat yellow with violet dots;
filaments greenish; anther tube violet-black, the 2 lower anthers
terminated by 2 bristles; capsule 1-celled; seeds compressed-ovoid,
brown, scarcely 1 mm. long. Neg. 9079.
Cuzco: Paso de Tres Cruces, 3,800 meters, Pennell 13863. Puno:
Tabina, on the highest mountain ridges, Lechler 2076, type. Bolivia.
6. Lysipomia globularis E. Wimm., sp. nov.
Plantula cespitosa, consistens e rosulis globularibus consociatis,
solo adpressis, 14-22 mm. altis et latis; folia sessilia, rigida, linearia,
5-6 mm. longa, 1.5 mm. lata, apice acuta, integra, glabra vel versus
apicem ciliolata, densissima; flores subsessiles, in centre congesti,
folia vix superantes; hypanthium obconicum, 2 mm. longum; sepala
parum inaequalia, anguste triangularia, acuta, minute ciliata, 1.5
mm. longa; corolla albida(?), glabra, vix 4 mm. longa, tubus corollae
fere aequilatus, dorso usque ad medium fere fissus, lobi 5 corollae
triangulares, subaequales, 1.5 mm. longi; filamenta in tubum angus-
tum connata, epigyna; antherarum 2 inferiores setis 2 apiculatae;
capsula unilocularis, operculo apice dehiscens; semina subglobosa,
atro-fusca, tenuiter striata, 1 mm. longa.
Cajamarca: Cutervo, Raimondi 4694, type in herb. Berlin.
7. Lysipomia gracilis E. Wimm., comb. nov. Rhizocephalum
gracilis E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 26: 4. pi. 72, f. 18. 1929.
A glabrous plant 8-12 cm. high; leaves radical, rosulate, lanceo-
late, acute, crenulate, with callous teeth in the crenations, narrowed
to the petiole, 15-20 mm. long; peduncles radical, compressed, 6-9
cm. long, ampliate at the summit into the obconic hypanthium;
calyx lobes subulate, entire, 7 mm. long; corolla reddish (?), pale
within, 13 mm. long, the limb bilabiate, 7 mm. long; stamen tube 7-8
mm. long, the 2 lower anthers with 2 bristles at the tip. Neg. 9077.
Libertad: Pacasmayo to Moyobamba, near Frailecocha, 3,300
meters, Stuebel 26a, type.
486 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
8. Lysipomia hirta E. Wimm. Repert. Sp. Nov. 38: 87. 1935.
A sphagnum-like, erect plant 4-8 cm. high; leaves sessile, densely
imbricate, rigid, erect to spreading, hirtellous, ovate-lanceolate,
acute, entire, 4 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide; flowers subsessile, axillary,
crowded at the summit of the stem; hypanthium obconic, hirtellous;
sepals narrowly triangular, 2 mm. long, acute, hirtellous; corolla
white(?), glabrous, 7 mm. long, its tube split on the back beyond
the middle, the lobes lanceolate; filaments epigynous; 2 lower anthers
with 2 bristles at the apex.
Cajamarca: Near Cutervo, Raimondi 3 16 la, type.
9. Lysipomia laciniata A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 7: 349. 1839.
Rhizocephalum Candollii var. laciniatum Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 12.
1857.
Plant rosette-shaped, 3-4 cm. high; leaves lanceolate, 15 mm.
long, 3-5 mm. wide, subacute, narrowed at the base into a winged
petiole 15-20 mm. long, pinnatifid, sparsely hirtellous, rarely gla-
brous; peduncles radical, glabrous, 10-14 mm. long; hypanthium
obliquely obconic; sepals filiform-subulate, 2-3 mm. long; corolla
white with purple dots at the base of the lower corolla lobes, mostly
pubescent within, glabrous without, the tube narrow-cylindric,
ampliate toward the summit, 15 mm. long, the lobes lance-oblong,
about 4 mm. long and 2 mm. wide; filaments inserted in the corolla
at the middle; anther tube 3.5 mm. long, the 2 inferior anthers
terminated by 2 longer and some short hairs. Neg. 8102.
Peru: Probably. Bolivia (La Paz).
9a. Lysipomia laciniata var. vulgaris (Wedd.) E. Wimm.,
comb. nov. Rhizocephalum Candollii var. vulgare Wedd. Chlor. And.
2: 12. pi 46, upper f. B. 1857.
Leaves irregularly dentate or subentire, above sparsely pubescent
or glabrous.
Ayacucho: Prov. Huanta, Mount Razahuillca, matted puna,
4,300-4,400 meters, Weberbauer 7496. Cuzco: Paucartambo Valley,
Hacienda Lauramar, 4,500 meters, Herrera 2320. Puno: Ayapata,
damp soil, Lechler 1956. Apacheta, between Ayapata and Ituata,
Raimondi 11597. Bolivia; Colombia.
10. Lysipomia laricina E. Wimm., nom. nov. Lobelia subulata
Benth. PI. Hartweg. 137. 1844. Rhizocephalum subulatum Benth. &
Hook. f. Gen. PI. 2: 549. 1876.
A cespitose plant, 2-3 cm. high, with short stem and short branch-
lets, these decumbent and toward the ends densely leafy; leaves
FLORA OF PERU 487
sessile, linear-subulate, about 12 mm. long, hardly 1 mm. wide,
subobtuse, the margin revolute, entire, glabrous; flowers subsessile,
solitary in the leaf axils; hypanthium oblong-obconic; sepals subu-
late, 3 mm. long, erect, glabrous; corolla glabrous, white, 15 mm. long,
its tube narrowly cylindric, ampliate toward the throat, the limb
bilabiate, the lobes narrow-triangular, the lower lobes purplish-
striate at the base; filaments adnate to the corolla at the middle, the
2 lower anthers terminated by 2 bristles and some shorter hairs.
Ecuador: Near Loja, Cerro de San Francisco, Hartweg 773, type.
South America, Andre K1523.
Lysipomia subulata G. Don differs, according to the author, by
its subulate radical leaves, hairy at the base, and the flowers on
peduncles 2.5 cm. long, perhaps also by the short-tubular corolla.
11. Lysipomia Lehmannii Hieron. Repert. Sp. Nov. 14: 185.
1915.
An erect, sphagnum-like, simple plant 8-14 cm. high; leaves
sessile, reflexed, dense, rigid, with short, appressed hairs on the
upper surface, linear, 5 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide, obtuse; flowers at
the top of the stem; the pedicels solitary in the leaf axils, 7-8 mm.
long; hypanthium obconic; sepals oblong-linear, 2 mm. long, sub-
acute, glabrous; corolla white and often pink-suffused, somewhat
funnel-shaped, 9 mm. long; 2 lower anthers biaristate. Neg. 30981.
Peru: Probably. Ecuador (eastern Andes of Loja, in wet places
on the ridges, 3,000-3,500 meters, Lehmann 4822, type).
12. Lysipomia linearifolia E. Wimm., sp. nov. Rhizocephalum
Candollii var. ciliatum Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 12. pi. 1+6, lower f. B.
1857(7).
Radix fibrillosa; folia radicalia, tenuia, glaberrima, linearia, 3-6
cm. longa et 1-1.5 mm. lata, obtusiuscula, Integra, non ciliata;
pedunculi solitarii, axillares, 5-25 mm. longi, inconspicue fere trans-
euntes in calicem; sepala tenera, sublinearia, 1-2 mm. longa; corolla
longe tubulosa, extus glabra, 35 mm. longa, tubus corollae in parte
inferiore angustissime cylindricus (24 cm. longus et 1 mm. latus),
in superiore parte infundibulariter ampliatus (6 mm. longus, 4 mm.
latus), limbus 5-partitus, bilabiatus, intus sparse pubescens, lobi 2
superiores lanceolati, ciliati, albi(?), lobi 3 inferiores oblongi, acuti,
non ciliati, intus versus faucem purpureo-maculati, circiter 5 mm.
longi; filamenta parte superiore, corollae inserta; antherarum tubus
2 mm. fere longus, nigrescens, antherae 2 inferiores setis 2 munitae.
488 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Puno: Ayapata, Raimondi. Bolivia: North Yungas, pass toward
Santillani, 4,100 meters, Buchtien 737. Unduavi, 3,400 meters,
Buchtien 9063, type in herb. Mus. Vienna. Unduavi, 2,400 meters,
Rusby 2445.
13. Lysipomia montioides HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 320.
pi. 266, f. 2. 1819. Lysipoma montioides A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 7:
349. 1839. Lobelia limoselloides Willd. ex. R. & S. Syst. 5: 41. 1819.
A small, creeping, rooting, glabrous plant; leaves thickish, entire,
lance-spatulate, obtuse, 2-4 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. wide, narrowed
at the base into a marginate petiole 2-4 mm. long; pedicels solitary
in the leaf axils, 3-5 mm. long; sepals ovate, obtuse, somewhat
unequal, about 1 mm. long, shorter than the obovoid hypanthium;
corolla short-tubular, 3 mm. long, with a somewhat bilabiate limb;
2 lower anthers biaristate. Neg. 9080.
South America : Humboldt, type of Lobelia limoselloides. Ecuador ;
Colombia.
14. Lysipomia pumila (Wedd.) E. Wimm., comb. nov. Rhizo-
cephalum pumilum Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 13. 1857.
A glabrous plant 2 cm. high; leaves radical, thickish or rigid,
linear, 15 mm. long, 1-2 mm. wide, obtuse with callous apex, entire;
peduncles radical, 2-4 mm. long, hypanthium obovoid; sepals
narrowly triangular, with an obtuse, callous tip, 1 mm. long; corolla
funnel-shaped, 11 mm. long, white, purple-striate in the throat, the
limb bilabiate; 2 lower anthers with 2 longer and many short hairs
at the tip. Neg. 30982.
Lima: High Andes above Lima, in bogs, 4,500 meters, Weber-
bauer 5155. Bolivia.
15. Lysipomia sphagnophila Griseb. in Lechler, Berberid.
Amer. Austr. 58. 1857 (nomen!).
Planta erecta, parce ramosa, sphagniformis, 3-6 cm. alta; caules
dense foliati; folia rigida, linearia, 5-10 mm. longa, 1-2 mm. lata,
apice obtusa, basi saepe paullum dilatata, integerrima, plus minus
ciliata, erecta usque patula; flores in vertice caulis congesti; pedicelli
axillares, 2-5 mm. longi, ancipites; hypanthium oblique obconicum,
2-3 mm. longum; sepala valde inaequalia, 2-0.25 mm. longa, trian-
angulari-linearia, obtusa, ciliolata vel glabrata; corolla viridescenti-
lutea, 2-3 mm. longa, bilabiata, lobi superiores parum longiores;
antherarum tubus nigrescens, vix 1 mm. longus, antherae 2 inferiores
setulis terminatae. Neg. 9081.
FLORA OF PERU 489
Puno: Sachapata, in sphagnum, Lechler 2641, type. Cuzco:
Paso de Tres Cruces, Cerro de Cusilluyoc, open, grassy paramo,
3,800-3,900 meters, Pennell 13865.
CALYCERACEAE
This small family, with flowers aggregate into heads and more
or less mixed with bracts or paleae in the manner of the Compositae,
from which, however, it differs in having the ovule suspended from
the tip of the cell, fruits or achenes topped by the calyx, etc., is
represented in Peru apparently by only four species, although there
are a number in Chile and Argentina, some of them extending into
Bolivia. Perhaps the best account of the family as yet is by Miers,
Contr. Bot. 2: 1 et seq., who, however, divides it into several more
genera than the four ordinarily recognized today: Acicarpha, Boopis,
Moschopsis, and Calycera. As all the genera may be found eventually
in Peru, it may be remarked that Boopis resembles Calycera but that
in Boopis the fruits are all alike, the calyx not changing.
The well known teasel, Dipsacus fullonum L., with rigid, ovoid
heads, and Scabiosa atropurpurea L., "ambarina," often cultivated
in flower gardens, with finely divided leaves and soft heads of pale
purple or white flowers, may both occur occasionally as escapes.
They are placed in a family separated from the Calyceraceae because
the filaments are not united at the base into a ring, the Dipsacaceae.
Outer achenes concrete, bearing spines at the apex 1. Acicarpha.
Outer achenes free.
Achenes, at least the outer ones, armed with spines . . 2. Calycera.
Achenes unarmed 3. Moschopsis.
1. ACICARPHA Juss.
Annual or perennial herbs with spatulate or obovate leaves.
Involucral bracts united below with the receptacle, this sometimes
provided with small palae. Central flowers sterile, the outer 2 or 3
series maturing more or less united achenes which are somewhat
sunken in the conic or elongate receptacle, and crowned with the
definitely lengthened, more or less spinescent calyx teeth. Robert
Brown renamed the genus Acicarpa as more appropriate, which
action was followed by Miers.
Plants procumbent, the leaves entire A. procumbens.
Plants erect, the leaves toothed or laciniate A. tribuloides.
490 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Acicarpha procumbens Less. Linnaea 6: 527. 1831.
Glabrous, usually with many much branched stems; leaves
narrowly spatulate, attenuately petiolate, 2.5-4 cm. long, 4-8 mm.
wide, glaucous, 3-nerved; peduncles opposite the leaves, about 2 cm.
long, the solitary head 1 cm. thick, the 5-6 involucral leaves about
4 mm. long; achenes corniculate-spinose, 5-winged, the spines about
1 mm. long. Acicarpa spathulata R. Br., similar, has broader leaves
and spines about 1 cm. long. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 4:
pi. 104.
Cuzco: In the punas, Prov. Paucartambo (Hen era). Brazil;
Argentina. "Chchiqui."
Acicarpha tribuloides Juss. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 2: 348.
pi 58. 1803.
Leaves sinuately or laciniately dentate, reticulate, cuneate-
oblong or the lower spatulate, the upper sessile; larger leaves to
2 cm. wide or wider; involucral leaves 5 and 1-2 cm. long, the
globose head, excluding the spines, about 6 mm. thick, the spines
4 mm. long. Illustrated, Miers, Contr. Bot. 2: pi. 52. Flowers pale
greenish yellow.
Cuzco: Near Cuzco (Herrera 16). Sacsahuaman, 3,500 meters,
grassy places on hill, Pennell 13584; Soukup 46- Extending to
Brazil and Uruguay. "Estrella-quisca."
2. CALYCERA Cav.
Similar to Acicarpha, but the receptacle smaller; flowers often
few, fertile; achenes free, part of them armed. The name was
originally written Calicera.
Calycera pulvinata Re"my, Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 6: 352. 1846.
Anomocarpus pulvinatus Miers, Contr. Bot. 2: 31. 1860.
Stemless, the branches of the woody rhizomes terminating in a
rosette of leaves in the center of which develops the head of densely
glomerate flowers; leaves long-petioled, 2-5 cm. long, oblong-obovate,
serrate or crenate; involucre campanulate, with 5-7 irregular lobes;
flowers perfect, separated by narrow bracts; calyx teeth 5, in some
flowers becoming long, sharp spines. Illustrated, Wedd. Chlor.
And. 2: pi. 43.
Cuzco: High mountains (Gay). Bolivia.
3. MOSCHOPSIS Phil.
Several species of the genus are known, chiefly in Patagonia.
FLORA OF PERU 491
Moschopsis monocephala (Phil.) Reiche, Bot. Jahrb. 29: 118.
1900. Boopis monocephala Phil. Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, Bot. 1891:
30. 1891.
Plants perennial, stemless; leaves all radical, numerous, forming
a large rosette, spatulate, with long, broad petioles, rounded at the
apex, coarsely dentate, the teeth tipped with short spines, glabrous
or nearly so; heads very large, sessile, as much as 6 cm. broad;
flowers white.
Moquehua: Cordillera east of Carumas, 4,500 meters, prostrate
on sandy soil, Weberbauer 7357. Also in Chile.
INDEX
Acicarpha, 489
Anguria, 340
Apodanthera, 357
Aretiastrum, 288
Astrephia, 289
Belonanthus, 318
Bougueria, 280
Burmeistera, 391
Calycera, 490
Calyceraceae, 489
Calycophysum, 363
Campanulaceae, 383
Caprifoliaceae, 281
Cayaponia, 374
Centropogon, 394
Citrullus, 364
Cucumis, 381
Cucurbitaceae, 321
Cyclanthera, 368
Dieudonnaea, 356
Echinocystis, 373
Elaterium, 366
Fevillea, 327
Gurania, 340
Hypsela, 390
Lagenaria, 383
Laurentia, 474
Lobelia, 476
Luffa, 364
Lysipomia, 481
Melothria, 361
Momordica, 366
Moschopsis, 490
Phyllactis, 320
Plantaginaceae, 265
Plantago, 265
Pseudosicydium, 333
Pteropepon, 333
Sambucus, 281
Sechium, 382
Selysia, 381
Sicana, 362
Sicydium, 331
Sicyos, 334
Siolmatra, 328
Siphocampylus, 430
Specularia, 385
Sphenoclea, 388
Stangea, 316
Valeriana, 290
Valerianaceae, 287
Viburnum, 282
Wahlenbergia, 386
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