no. %
FLORA OF PERU
BOTANICAL SERIES
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
VOLUME XIII, PART IV, NUMBER 2
NOVEMBER 28, 1958
PUBLICATION 861
THE LIBRARY OF. THE
DEC 1 9 1953
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
To renew call Telephone Center, 333-840O
FLORA OF PERU
BY
ROGERS MCVAUGH
CURATOR OP VASCULAR PLANTS, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
BOTANICAL SERIES
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
VOLUME XIII, PART IV, NUMBER 2
NOVEMBER 28, 1958
PUBLICATION 861
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 36-10426
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BY CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PRESS
FLORA OF PERU
ROGERS MCVAUGH
MYRTACEAE. Myrtle Family
Shrubs or trees or rarely subherbaceous. Leaves simple, oppo-
site (except in some introduced genera), exstipulate, entire or rarely
crenate, punctate with resinous or pellucid glands, usually pinnately
veined. Mid vein usually elevated and prominent on the lower sur-
face. Principal lateral veins usually uniting distally into a "marginal
vein" which extends nearly the length of the blade and more or less
parallel to the margin but somewhat separated from it. Flowers
borne on axillary (or rarely terminal) branches, solitary or in spe-
cialized bracteate inflorescences with opposite branching, these mod-
ified in various ways, e.g., by elongation of the axis and reduction of
the lateral axes to one flower each ("racemes"); by suppression of
the axis and reduction of the lateral axes to one flower each (flowers
in "glomerules" or "umbelliform clusters"); by reduction of the
lateral axes to one pair, these arising just below the flower which
terminates the central axis ("dichasium") ; by potentially indefinite
elongation of both central and lateral axes, this resulting in a "pan-
icle" with proximal branches elongate and a transition from these
to short simple branches and terminal triads of flowers. Flowers
regular or essentially so, hermaphrodite or rarely by abortion uni-
sexual. Ovary inferior, the hypanthium adnate to the ovary its
whole length or prolonged beyond it so that the stamens, petals and
calyx-lobes appear to arise from the distal margin of a short tube
surrounding the summit of the ovary. Calyx-lobes usually 4 or 5,
distinct and imbricate, or the calyx calyptrate and circumscissile, or
rupturing irregularly in anthesis. Petals usually 4 or 5 (sometimes
reduced in number or size, or wanting). Stamens usually indefi-
nitely many, in one-many series about the margin of the usually
thickened calycine disk, usually inflexed in the bud. Filaments
usually filiform and distinct in Peruvian species. Anthers usually
short, versatile or basifixed, bilocular, opening (at least in Peruvian
genera) by longitudinal slits. Style simple, elongate, with small
capitate or peltate stigma. Ovary 2- to many-locular, the placentae
affixed to the axis or parietal and coalesced into a central axis, the
ovules 2 or more. Fruit fleshy or capsular. Embryo various.
569
570 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
The genera now referred to Myrtaceae were divided by DeCan-
dolle among three tribes, namely, Chamaelaucieae (with dry uni-
locular and usually indehiscent fruit), Leptospermeae (with dry
multilocular and usually dehiscent fruit), and Myrteae (with fleshy
multilocular fruit). This system was set forth in detail in the
Prodromus 3: 207-288. 1828. Essentially the same arrangement
was followed by Bentham, in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. 1: 690-
720. 1865. Niedenzu, in Engler & Prantl, Nattirl. Pflanzenfam. Ill
(7): 57-105. 1893, erected two subfamilies; the first, Myrtoideae,
comprised the one tribe Myrteae, and the second, Leptospermoi-
deae, included the two tribes Leptospermeae and Chamaelaucieae.
The subfamily Leptospermoideae is especially developed in the
Australian region and to a lesser extent elsewhere in the southwest
Pacific. The total number of species approaches 1000, including
according to some authors nearly 500 species of the vast Australian
genus Eucalyptus. The only American member of the subfamily is
the endemic Chilean species Tepualia stipularis (Barn.) Griseb. All
the native Peruvian Myrtaceae are members of the tribe Myrteae,
but several species of Eucalyptus have been introduced for shade and
for ornament, and at least one has become widespread.
Key to the Tribes (Peruvian representatives only)
Fruit dry, capsular, consisting of the capsule immersed in the hard-
ened hypanthium, the valves sometimes projecting beyond the
rim of the hypanthium; petals and calyx-lobes united into an
operculum which is dehiscent at anthesis; flowers usually in
pedunculate axillary umbels; adult leaves glabrous, lanceolate
and long-petiolate, and mostly alternate, the juvenile ones often
broad, subsessile and more or less opposite.
Tribe I. Leptospermeae
Fruit fleshy (a few- or many-seeded "berry") ; petals and calyx-lobes
free, or in a few genera united into an operculum; flowers vari-
ously arranged, never in pedunculate axillary umbels; leaves
opposite, rarely markedly long-petiolate .... Tribe II. Myrteae
Tribe I. LEPTOSPERMEAE DC.
1. EUCALYPTUS L'Her.
Glabrous trees or shrubs, the leaves alternate, leathery, usually
elongate, lanceolate and 8-12 cm. long or more, markedly petiolate
and often hanging vertically; juvenile foliage (of seedlings or shoots
FLORA OF PERU 571
from felled trees) often broad, subsessile and more or less opposite,
rarely hairy; flowers usually in pedunculate axillary umbels, some-
times forming panicles; bracts and bracteoles deciduous so early as
to be seldom seen; ovary usually 3- to 4-locular, immersed in and
surrounded by the fleshy hypanthium which hardens in fruit and is
prolonged beyond the summit of the ovary into a rim which bears
the numerous stamens; petals and calyx-lobes united into an oper-
culum which is continuous with the rim of the hypanthium in bud
and circumscissile at anthesis; stamens widely spreading in anthesis
and forming the showy part of the flower; style about as long as the
operculum; ovules and seeds numerous, but only a few in each locule
fertile.
A large and almost exclusively Australian genus at one time sup-
posed to include nearly 500 species; some recent authors have sug-
gested that the actual number is somewhat smaller. A recent account
of the Northern Australian species, by S. T. Blake in Austral. Jour.
Bot. 1: 185-352, pi. 1-36. 1953, includes 50 species in this part of the
continent; J. M. Black, in Fl. South Austral, ed. 2, 612-632. 1952,
lists 52 species.
Numerous species have been introduced into the tropical and
warm-temperate regions of America for ornament, for purposes of
reforestation, for wood and for lumber; only the following seems to
have been entirely successful.
Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Voy. 1: 153, t. 13. 1799.
A large tree, said to reach a height of 75-90 meters, with pale
deciduous bark and yellowish green angled branchlets; adult leaves
alternate, lanceolate and often falcate to narrowly ovate, 2-3 (-6)
cm. wide at base, 12-25 cm. long, (3-) 5-8 times as long as wide,
attenuate from base to the slenderly pointed apex, the base often
obliquely unequal-sided, abruptly rounded to the flexuous petiole
2-4 cm. long; mid vein pale, flat or concave above, convex beneath;
leaf-margins bordered by heavy cartilaginous veins about equal to
the midvein but compressed at right angles to the plane of the leaf
and often standing somewhat above and below it; lateral veins deli-
cate and inconspicuous, joining an equally slender and nearly straight
submarginal vein just within the cartilaginous border; foliage with
numerous small dark glands on both surfaces; juvenile shoots and
leaves conspicuously whitened and waxy-glaucous, their leaves oppo-
site, sessile, ovate to oblong, cordate, abruptly short-acuminate at
tip, 4-5 cm. wide, 7-15 cm. long; flowers large, subsessile, solitary or
572 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
rarely 3 in an axil, on a massive, broadly 2-angled peduncle up to
5 mm. long; buds 1.7-2.5 cm. long, conspicuously whitened by a
heavy waxy-farinose coating; hypanthium about 1 cm. long, trun-
cate at base, strongly 4-angled, obpyramidal, irregularly and coarsely
warty-roughened especially on the angles and the thickened margin;
calyptra dome-like, roughened like the hypanthium, usually with a
broad knoblike or acute central beak; stamens 1.5 cm. long (the
flower when expanded 3-4 cm. across), borne on the inner edge of
the disk which projects about 3 mm. beyond the thickened margin
of the hypanthium; style 8-10 mm. long; fruit 2-2.5 cm. broad and
high, flat-topped or the surface convex, the 4-5 valves not exserted
but nearly plane with the surface; seeds 1-3 mm. long, very numer-
ous, prismatic, irregularly several-angled.
A native originally of Victoria, New South Wales, and Tasmania,
this species is now extensively planted and naturalized from Cali-
fornia to Argentina and Chile, especially in high semi-arid regions;
it is a valuable timber tree of rapid growth, and now forms a charac-
teristic feature of the landscape in many parts of Latin America.
According to Acosta Solis, "El eucalipto en el Ecuador," in Flora
(Quito) 15-16: 149-194. 1945, E. globulus was introduced into Ecua-
dor in 1865 and has become a valuable resource in the inter-Andine
region of that country. It has likewise become abundant in Peru,
as in Cuzco, where, according to Herrera in Contr. Fl. Depto. Cuzco,
ed. 2, 148-149. 1921, it was introduced about 1880 and subsequently
became general in all the provinces of that Department.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, 2,700 meters, Williams 7562. Junin:
Tarma, 3,000-3,200 meters, Killip & Smith 21870. "Eucalipto."
Another species, Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh., Cat. PI. Hort.
Camald. ed. 2: 20. 1832 (E. rostrata Schlecht., 1847, non Cav., 1797),
has been collected near Yucay, Cuzco, by Soukup (no. 840). The
inflorescence is a 6- to 10-flowered axillary umbel, on a peduncle 1-2
(-3) cm. long, the pedicels 3-8 mm. long; buds ovoid, 5-10 mm. long,
the calyptra longer than the base (up to 3 times as long), abruptly
narrowed to a stout straight beak 1-6 mm. long; fruit nearly hemi-
spheric, 4-6 mm. high, 5-8 mm. broad, the 3-4 deltoid or narrowly
pointed valves projecting 1.5-3 mm. beyond the equator.
Tribe II. MYRTEAE DC.
Classification of the subtribes of the Myrteae has been based
principally upon characters of the mature embryo. Such a classifi-
FLORA OF PERU 573
cation appears to be in the main a natural one, but practically it
presents many difficulties. Members of this family are usually col-
lected when in flower, at a time when it is impossible to ascertain the
structure of the embryo. Flowers and fruits are rarely found on the
same plant at the same time, so that any usable system of classifi-
cation must utilize characters of flower and inflorescence in addition
to those which may be found in the mature fruit. The subtribes
accepted in the present treatment are those proposed by Berg, and
the arrangement of genera follows in the main that of his "Revisio
Myrtacearum Americae," in Linnaea 27: 1-472. 1855-56. The sub-
tribes are characterized as follows:
1. Subtribe Myrciinae Berg. Cotyledons foliaceous, contortu-
plicate. Radicle elongate.
2. Subtribe Eugeniinae Berg. Cotyledons fleshy, distinct, or
somewhat or completely fused, or conferruminate; radicle very short.
3. Subtribe Pimentinae Berg. Embryo spiral, subspiral or un-
cinate-curved. Radicle elongate; cotyledons very short.
Key to Flowering Material
Inflorescence compound, usually many-flowered (flowers often 30-
200 or more), with branches compound and opposite near the
base of the panicle, becoming irregularly ternate or solitary near
tips; calyx-lobes, if developed, usually 5; bracts and bracteoles
usually deciduous at anthesis or before.
Calyx-lobes evident in bud and in anthesis, usually with thin dis-
tal and lateral margins which are imbricate or at least con-
tiguous at base; central axis of the inflorescence well developed
and about as long as the primary lateral branches .... Myrcia
Calyx closed in bud or merely the tips of the lobes free, either cir-
cumscissile or splitting irregularly between the lobes; central
axis of the inflorescence often aborted at the node where the
lowest lateral branches emerge, and the panicle as a whole
seeming to consist of two nearly equal parts.
Calyx closed in bud, calyptrate, circumscissile; petals minute or
often wanting; malpighiaceous hairs often present and con-
spicuous; bracts mostly deciduous Calyptranthes
Calyx closed in bud or the tips of the lobes free, the buds open-
ing by irregular longitudinal splitting between the calyx-
lobes nearly or quite to the summit of the ovary; petals
574 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
small, usually present; malpighiaceous hairs usually not
apparent; bracts sometimes persistent Marlierea
Inflorescence not as above, 1- to several-flowered (flowers rarely as
many as 30), racemose, regularly dichotomous or the flowers
solitary, sub-umbellate or glomerate; calyx various, the lobes
usually 4 and distinct if the flowers are more than 7; bracteoles
often persistent.
Cymes lateral on old wood, thrice dichotomous, 2-3 cm. long, with
persistent paired bracts and a central sessile flower in each
fork; calyx-lobes 4; flowers red; stamens 4-8, 1.5-2 cm. long.
Myrrhinium
Inflorescence racemose or dichasially branched, or the flowers
glomerate or solitary; cymes, if occasionally twice or thrice
dichotomous, irregularly branched and in leaf-axils near the
tips of twigs; flowers mostly white or cream-color, rarely pink
or red; stamens usually shorter and far more numerous.
Calyx closed or essentially so in the bud, opening at anthesis by
irregular longitudinal slits.
Flowers about 4, nearly sessile, glomerate (in a much abbrevi-
ated raceme), the clusters appearing involucrate because
of the relatively large persistent bracts; calyx-lobes 4;
ovary bilocular, the locules 2-ovulate Plinia
Flowers 1, or 3-7 in a dichasium, pedicellate or the dichasia
pedunculate, not involucrate; calyx-segments usually 5;
ovary 2- to 7-locular, the locules many-ovulate . . Psidium
Calyx-lobes normally developed even in the bud, the calyx at
anthesis not or scarcely splitting beyond the bases of the
lobes.
Calyx-lobes 5.
Small or prostrate shrubs or subshrubs with coriaceous vac-
cinioid leaves 1-2 cm. long or less; flowers solitary;
bracteoles foliaceous and persistent; Andean paramos.
Anthers sagittate, the connective dilated Ugni
Anthers oblong or subrotund, not sagittate, the filaments
filiform Myrteola
Shrubs or trees with larger leaves; flowers solitary or in
small dichasia; bracteoles deciduous; middle and low
elevations.
FLORA OF PERU 575
Leaves coriaceous, subsessile, suborbicular, 1.5-7.5 cm.
long and wide; dichasium stout, 3- to 7-flowered;
Lima, on Pacific slopes .... Myrcianthes. quinqueloba
Leaves membranaceous or chartaceous, petiolate or elon-
gate or both, 1.5-3.5 times as long as wide; flowers
solitary or in slender 3 (-7) -flowered dichasia; culti-
vated and escaped, otherwise mostly Amazonian
lowland.
Flowers usually 4, in two decussate pairs at the lowest
nodes of an axillary branch; calyx-lobes broadly
rounded, 3-6 mm. long, spreading after anthesis;
mature petioles 10-15 mm. long; 3-4 lowest pairs
of veins in the leaf closely grouped, the succeeding
ones increasingly distant Campomanesia
Flowers 1-7 in an axil; calyx-lobes, if developed, 3 mm.
long or less (in one species with narrow terminal
appendages 6-14 mm. long); mature petioles 10
mm. long or usually less; veins of leaf uniformly
spaced, the lower ones not markedly aggregated.
Psidium
Calyx-lobes 4.
Stamens 25-50, the filaments 15-22 mm. long, red; style
15-22 mm. long, about three times as long as the
petals; plants heavily villose or tomentose Acca
Stamens much more numerous, or much shorter, or white;
style rarely more than 15 mm. long (usually much
less), usually less than twice as long as the petals;
plants various.
Inflorescence a raceme, the flowers in opposite decussate
bracteate pairs; central axis of raceme abortive at
tip (the terminal flower wanting) and the axis often
so much abbreviated that the flowers appear glom-
erate or umbellate.
Calyx-tube much prolonged above the ovary, circum-
scissile at base after anthesis; flowers usually 4,
small (buds in our species 5 mm. long or less) and
nearly sessile, with conspicuous paired persistent
involucre-like bracteoles; ovules 2 or 4 in each
locule Myrciaria
576 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Calyx-tube little or not at all prolonged, not circum-
scissile, persistent with the lobes in flower and
fruit; inflorescence various; ovules 2 or many.
Flowers glomerate (in clusters of about 4-6), mostly
pubescent, medium-sized (buds in ours 5-12
mm. long), the clusters appearing involucrate
because of the relatively large persistent bracts;
calyx in the bud very shortly 4-lobed at sum-
mit, and later splitting irregularly; ovules 2.
Plinia
Flowers glomerate to racemose, not involucrate;
calyx-lobes free their whole length, or loosely
coherent at base; ovules mostly numerous.
Eugenia
Flowers solitary or in simple or compound dichasia, the
primary axis of the inflorescence if once-forked with
a sessile or nearly sessile flower in the fork.
Small or prostrate shrubs or subshrubs with coriaceous
vaccinioid leaves 1 cm. long or less; flower soli-
tary; bracteoles foliaceous, persistent; paramos in
the Andes Myrteola
Shrubs or trees with larger leaves; flowers various;
middle and low elevations.
Flowers 3-7, in a dichasium; calyx-lobes 1.5 mm.
long, ciliate, deciduous at anthesis with the
bracts and bracteoles; southern Ecuador.
Blepharocalyx salicifolius
Inflorescence various; calyx-lobes not ciliate and
deciduous.
[Stigma peltate?; placentation parietal, the pla-
centae introrse, bilamellate?] ; flowers 1 or 3,
large, long-pedunculate, the calyx-lobes 7-9
mm. long; Amazonian lowlands. .Psidium sp.
Stigma small and simple, hardly broader than the
style; placentae simple, axillary; flowers and
inflorescence various.
Flowers, if more than one, in simple or com-
pound dichasia; if solitary only, then oc-
curring in many or most of the mature leaf-
axils, not confined to the basal nodes of a
new branch Myrcianthes
FLORA OF PERU 577
Flowers, if more than one, in elongate or
much abbreviated racemes; if solitary only,
then mostly confined to the 1-2 lowest
nodes of a new branch, and often in the
axils of much reduced bracts Eugenia
Key to Fruiting Material
Cotyledons foliaceous, contortuplicate; radicle elongate; testa mostly
membranaceous, fragile; calyx-lobes, if present, usually 5; in-
florescence compound, usually many-flowered, with branches
opposite near base and irregularly ternate or solitary near tips;
bracts and bracteoles rarely present (i.e., deciduous about the
time of anthesis).
Calyx-lobes normally developed and present on the fruit, their
basal margins contiguous; central axis of the inflorescence
well developed and about as long as the primary lateral
branches Myrcia
Calyx wanting (the tip of the fruit umbilicate) or represented by
a shrunken calyptra attached at one side, or the calyx longi-
tudinally ruptured below the base of the lobes and the latter
irregularly margined proximally in fruit; central axis of the
inflorescence often aborted at the node where the lowest lat-
eral branches emerge.
Calyx closed in bud, calyptrate, circumscissile, the calyptra
sometimes persistent in fruit or, if deciduous, the fruit um-
bilicate; [malpighiaceous hairs often present and conspic-
uous; bracts mostly deciduous] Calyptranthes
Calyx closed in bud or the tips of the lobes free; lobes at ma-
turity separated by irregular longitudinal ruptures extend-
ing nearly or quite to the summit of the ovary; fruit
crowned by the unevenly margined (usually 5) often re-
flexed lobes, or these irregularly deciduous; [malpighiaceous
hairs usually not apparent; bracts of the inflorescence often
persistent on the branches after the flowers fall] . . Marlierea
Cotyledons not as above, but small and fleshy, or large and plano-
convex, or the embryo undivided; inflorescence 1- to several-
flowered (flowers rarely more than 30), not branched as above;
calyx-lobes usually 4 and distinct if the flowers are more than 7;
bracteoles often persistent.
578 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Cymes lateral on old wood, thrice dichotomous, 2-3 cm. long, with
persistent paired bracts and a central sessile flower in each
fork; calyx-lobes 4; embryo arcuate, the cotyledons hardly
distinct, the testa hard, bony Myrrhinium
Inflorescence racemose or apparently the flowers glomerate, or
dichasially branched, or the flowers solitary; cymes, if occa-
sionally twice or thrice dichotomous, terminal and irregular.
Inflorescence a raceme, the flowers in opposite decussate brac-
teate pairs; central axis of raceme abortive at tip (the
terminal flower wanting) and the axis itself often so much
abbreviated that the flowers appear glomerate or umbel-
late in the axils; calyx-lobes usually 4.
Seeds small, numerous, with curved embryo, long radicle and
short cotyledons of Subtribe Pimentinae Acca
Seeds few, one or two filling the entire fruit; embryo undi-
vided or the cotyledons large, free, plano-convex.
Cotyledons free, plano-convex; flowers glomerate, mostly
pubescent, the clusters appearing involucrate because
of the relatively large persistent bracts; calyx splitting
irregularly longitudinally, the lobes persistent . . Plinia
Embryo undivided or the cotyledons partly separated;
flowers, if glomerate, not involucrate; calyx various,
if closed in bud then not splitting irregularly.
Calyx-tube prolonged above the ovary, circumscissile at
base after anthesis and leaving a circular scar on the
fruit; flowers small and nearly sessile, usually 4.
Myrciaria
Calyx-tube not circumscissile, scarcely or not at all pro-
longed, the lobes persistent; flowers glomerate or in
racemes Eugenia
Flowers solitary or in simple or compound dichasia, the primary
axis of the inflorescence if once-forked with a sessile or
nearly sessile flower in the fork; calyx-lobes 4 or 5, or the
calyx irregularly longitudinally dehiscent.
Seeds one or two; embryo undivided or the cotyledons plano-
convex and distinct, longer than the radicle; testa thin;
calyx-lobes 4, usually distinct and persistent.
Embryo undivided; flowers solitary, or racemose in some
axils Eugenia
FLORA OF PERU 579
Cotyledons fleshy, distinct, plano-convex; flowers in dicha-
sia, or partly or all solitary Myrcianthes
Seeds several or many; embryo arcuate, uncinate or spiral,
with long radicle, very short cotyledons and usually bony
testa; calyx-lobes 4 or 5, or the calyx splitting irregularly.
Calyx-lobes 5, subequal, spreading; flowers solitary at leafy
or leafless nodes.
Shrubs with stiff vaccinioid leaves mostly 2 cm. long or
less; flowers borne at leafy nodes; bracteoles folia-
ceous, persistent; fruit 1 cm. in diameter or less;
seeds with arcuate embryo and bony testa.
Leaves less than 1 cm. long, narrowly sagittate with
inrolled margins and then apparently 1.5 mm.
wide; peduncle 4-5 mm. long; filaments filiform,
the anthers not sagittate Myrteola acerosa
Leaves 1-2 cm. long, elliptic, 3-8 mm. wide; peduncle
9-12 mm. long; filaments dilated and flattened,
the anthers sagittate Ugni
Tree with thin leaves often 10 cm. long or more; flowers
often at leafless nodes; bracteoles deciduous at an-
thesis; fruit 4-5 cm. in diameter; seeds with spirally
involute embryo, tough membranaceous and gland-
ular- verrucose testa Campomanesia
Calyx splitting irregularly from summit to base or the lobes
4 and distinct (if the lobes 5, the flowers 3-7 or the
embryo merely curved or the testa bony).
Calyx-lobes 4 and distinct (if, rarely, 5, the leaves 2 cm.
long or less and the bracteoles foliaceous and per-
sistent) .
Fruit about 5 mm. long and wide; flowers solitary;
small or prostrate shrubs or subshrubs with coria-
ceous vaccinioid leaves 1 cm. long or less . Myrteola
Fruit (when known) larger; upright shrubs or trees
with larger leaves.
Leaves membranaceous, glabrous; flowers 3 to 7, in
a dichasium; calyx-lobes 1.5 mm. long, ciliate
and deciduous with the bracts and bracteoles
at an thesis; Ecuador Blepharocalyx
Leaves coriaceous, heavily pubescent to tomentose;
flowers solitary or in 3's or short axillary ra-
580 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
cemes; calyx-lobes 2.5-9 mm. long, persistent;
fruit ellipsoid, 8-15 mm. long Acca
Calyx splitting irregularly or with 5 lobes Psidium
Subtribe MYRCIINAE Berg
Trees or shrubs, with the inflorescence in Peruvian species cy-
mose-paniculate, the peduncles rarely few-flowered. Calyx-lobes if
distinct usually 5. Cotyledons foliaceous, contortuplicate, the rad-
icle elongate. Ovary 2-3 (rarely -4) -locular, the ovules 2 in each
locule, collateral, affixed to the central axis.
1. MARLIEREA Camb.
Reference: Berg, Linnaea 27: 12-18. 1855; and in Mart. Fl. Bras.
14, pt. 1:31-38. 1857.
Calyx closed in the bud (or the tips of the lobes free), splitting
irregularly in anthesis into 5 (-4) longitudinal lobes which are de-
ciduous from, or subpersistent on, the fruit. Petals 5 (-4), small and
inconspicuous, or none. Inflorescence-axis usually abortive above
the first node, and the panicles consequently appearing paired.
Bracts of the inflorescence sometimes persistent through anthesis.
A genus of more than 60 described species, mostly confined to
tropical South America east of the Andes. The distinction between
Myrcia and Marlierea is not a clear one, and it is probable that the
latter represents a phylogenetically diverse group of species which
have been somewhat arbitrarily assigned to the genus because of the
irregularly splitting calyx.
Branchlets prominently 2-winged, the wings 0.5-3 mm. high, extend-
ing from just between the axillary buds at a node to the keeled
or angled base of the petiole at the node above; mid vein im-
pressed above; buds glabrous, turbinate, 2 mm. long, nearly
closed; calyx-lobes in fruit 4, persistent, 1.3 mm. long and wide,
somewhat separated at base M. bipennis
Branchlets terete or compressed, not winged; midvein, buds and
calyx various.
Midvein flat or convex on the upper surface of the leaf, up to
1-1.5 mm. broad at base, if sulcate this at base of blade only.
Inflorescence, including the hypanthium, strongly velutinous or
at least with numerous loosely ascending reddish or reddish-
yellow silky hairs up to 1 mm. long.
FLORA OF PERU 581
Inflorescence strongly velutinous; flowers large, the buds
7 mm. long; calyx- tips free; leaves acute or acuminate,
13-18 cm. long M. velutina
Inflorescence loosely silky-hairy; flowers small, the buds 2.5
mm. long, closed, apiculate; leaves caudate-acuminate,
4.5-7 cm. long M. caudata
Inflorescence glabrous or essentially so; at least the tips of the
calyx-lobes evident in the bud.
Leaves 9-14 cm. long, 2-3.5 times as long as wide; lateral
veins 12-15 pairs, the transverse veins obscurely retic-
ulate; leaves finely and obscurely dark dotted; calyx-
lobes in bud minute, ciliate M. scytophylla
Leaves 7.5 cm. long or less, 1.7-2.2 times as long as wide;
lateral veins 6-8, the transverse veins prominently and
coarsely reticulate; leaves with 1-3 large translucent dots
per square mm.; calyx-lobes in bud distinct, the inner
broadly scarious-margined, 2.5 mm. wide. . . . M. areolata
Midvein sharply and narrowly impressed on the upper surface, or
in one species broad but concave or broadly sulcate.
Inflorescence, including buds, with numerous ascending lustrous
yellowish-white hairs up to 1 mm. long; buds 4-5 mm. long,
mostly concealed by the hairs; midvein concave or sulcate;
receptacle tomentose within M. spruceana
Inflorescence pubescent, often sparsely so, with short, pale or
reddish hairs 0.5 mm. long or less; buds glabrous or essen-
tially so, 1.5-3.5 mm. long; midvein sharply and narrowly
impressed; receptacle glabrous within.
Leaves cordate-auriculate, nearly sessile, the petioles 3-4 mm.
long; inflorescence finely hispidulous with minute stiff
erect hairs; buds closed with a prominent narrow apic-
ulum; staminal ring short-hairy M. subulata
Leaves acute to cuneate or somewhat rounded at base, on
petioles 4-10 mm. long; inflorescence pubescent with ap-
pressed or ascending hairs; buds closed or the calyx-lobes
distinct; staminal ring glabrous.
Petioles transversely rimose, the reddish-brown or whitish
outer papery layers separating but persistent; calyx in
bud with 4 very small deltoid separate tips; lower
branches of the panicle straight and much elon-
582 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
gated, spikelike with numerous sessile flowers and
short squarrose bracts M. umbraticola
Petioles smooth and with unbroken surface, usually dark;
buds closed or with distinct calyx-lobes; inflorescence
various.
Inflorescence thinly pubescent with pale hairs; bracts
and bracteoles deciduous before an thesis; lateral
veins of the leaves not impressed above; buds 3-
3.5 mm. long, closed at apex M. imperfecta
Inflorescence pubescent with lustrous rufous hairs; bracts
and bracteoles persistent, squarrose; lateral veins
impressed above; buds 1.5-2 mm. long with 5 dis-
tinct calyx-lobes M. squarrosa
Marlierea areolata McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 175. 1956.
A shrub or tree, glabrous except the vegetative buds thinly stri-
gose, the inflorescence with a few appressed hairs near base, the
calyx-segments strigose on both surfaces near tips; leaves broadly
elliptic, (2-) 3-4.5 cm. wide, (4.5-) 6-7.5 cm. long, mostly 1.7-2.2
times as long as wide, bluntly acuminate, rounded or acute at base,
the margins decurrent on the petiole 1 mm. thick, 6-7 mm. long;
midvein plane or convex above (the whole somewhat impressed),
prominent beneath; lateral veins 6-8 pairs, somewhat elevated
above, prominent beneath, the small transverse veins prominently
reticulate and forming irregularly angular areoles on the order of
1 mm. across; marginal vein scarcely distinct, 2-4 mm. from margin,
formed of the looped and somewhat diminished tips of the laterals,
with a second, smaller and irregular submarginal vein, and numer-
ous areoles beyond it; blades lustrous on both sides, darker and
smoother above, the veins more prominent beneath; leaves with
large translucent glandular dots, these 1-3 per square mm., con-
spicuous on both surfaces or obscure in mature leaves; inflorescence
a many-flowered broad panicle, 5-7 cm. long and wide, probably
always axillary but often appearing terminal, 3 times compound,
usually branching 5 mm. from base or less, the axis terete or com-
pressed, 1.5-3 mm. thick; flowers mostly solitary or in 3's on very
short lateral branchlets from the secondary branches; bracts and
bracteoles deciduous before anthesis; buds 3 mm. long and almost
as wide, gland-dotted, darkening in drying, the body subglobose,
the hypanthium narrowed at base into an ill-defined pseudostalk
0.5 mm. long; calyx-lobes 4, in bud distinct, strongly imbricated,
FLORA OF PERU 583
the outer pair rounded or bluntly triangular, 1.5 mm. long, 2 mm.
wide, somewhat inclosing the much larger inner pair, which are
broadly scarious-margined and irregularly erose, truncate at apex,
about 1.7 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide; calyx at anthesis explanate, the
disk becoming shallowly bowl-shaped, 2.5 mm. wide, the calyx split-
ting slightly between the lobes or the inner lobes tearing free at base;
style about 4 mm. long; stamens 75-100, about as long as the style,
the anthers about 0.4 mm. long; petals 4, unequal, the larger broad
and short, 2.5 mm. wide. A distinctive species of uncertain generic
position, suggesting its affinity to Myrcia (Aulomyrcia) in the large
and distinct calyx-lobes, and the deciduous bracts and bracteoles.
It is better referred to Marlierea because of the tendency of the re-
ceptacular disk to flatten after anthesis, and the accompanying dis-
tortion and splitting of the calyx, which even though slight is unlike
any species of Aulomyrcia known to me. As a minor character may
be mentioned the terminal or falsely terminal inflorescence in this
species; this character recurs often throughout the genera Calyp-
tranthes and Marlierea, whereas in Myrcia the panicles are more often
from the lower axils. F. M. Neg. 23474.
Loreto: Stromgebiet des Ucayali von 10 S. bis zur Miindung,
G. Tessmann 3264, anno 1923 (G, type).
Marlierea bipennis (Berg) McVaugh, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Card.
10: 79. 1958. Myrciaria bipennis Berg, Linnaea 31: 259. 71862.
Myrcia bipennis (Berg) McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 189. 1956.
A shrub or small tree to at least 2.5-3 meters high, with promi-
nently 2-winged branchlets, the wings 0.5-3 mm. high, running from
just above each axil and between the leaf-bases to the base of the
petiole of the next node; plants nearly glabrous, closely strigose on
the vegetative buds (densely) and the inflorescence and youngest
shoots (thinly) with appressed lustrous rufous, narrowly fusiform,
sessile and partly dibrachiate hairs up to 0.5 mm. long; scattered
pale appressed fusiform hairs persistent on the lower leaf-surface;
leaves elliptic to lanceolate or ovate, 3-5 cm. wide, 7-15 cm. long,
(2-) 2.5-3.5 times as long as wide, narrowed from the middle or
below to the shortly and often obscurely acuminate or merely acute
tip, the base rounded or acute, the margins cuneately decurrent on
the petiole 1-1.5 mm. thick, 3-4 mm. long; midvein impressed above,
prominent beneath, keeled near base and the keel passing gradually
into the wing of the branchlet; lateral veins very slender, close and
parallel, about 20-25 pairs, somewhat larger than the nearly equal
intermediate veins, all obscure and seen as fine lines on both surfaces;
584 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
marginal vein about equaling the laterals, nearly straight, 1 (-2) mm.
from margin; blades dull olive green, very smooth but impressed -
puncticulate above, markedly paler and finely dark-dotted beneath;
inflorescence axillary, very short and slender, the axis less than 1 mm.
long, apparently abortive, the flowering branches paired (from the
lowest nodes) or with an additional pair from the next and approxi-
mate node, each branch up to 3 cm. long; rachis half as long as the
branch or more, 1 mm. thick or less, gland-dotted, terete or nearly so;
flowers 5-9, solitary or in 3's at the tips of the short branches up to
5 mm. long; bracteoles linear, 0.6 mm. long, deciduous before anthe-
sis; buds (immature) narrowly obconic, 2 mm. long; flowers not seen;
hypanthium (in fruit) 2.5 mm. across, glabrous within, with well-
marked rim and depressed center with straight sides; stamens prob-
ably 75-100; calyx-lobes (in fruit) rounded, scarcely separated at
base, about 1.3 mm. long and wide; fruit globose, 8-10 mm. in diam-
eter, dark purple or black, very finely verruculose. U. of Mich.
Neg. 482.
Peru (probably). Amazonian Brazil (Rio Negro) and Venezuela
(Rio Casiquiare). This is the type-species of Sect. Myrciopsis
McVaugh, a well-marked subgeneric taxon which is here referred
to Marlierea rather than to Myrcia because of the nearly closed
buds which split longitudinally between the calyx-lobes at an-
thesis; the presence of dibrachiate hairs; the tendency of the in-
florescence to abort at the lowest node with the production of
paired lateral panicles. The fruiting calyx is strongly suggestive of
species of Myrcia. The species is readily recognized by the charac-
teristic winged branchlets.
Marlierea caudata McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 176. 1956.
A tree to 7 meters high, the compressed branchlets, vegetative
buds, and inflorescence shaggy with numerous loosely ascending red-
dish or reddish-yellow silky hairs up to 1 mm. long on the buds and
hypanthium; hairs on branchlets often intermixed with many short
erect reddish hairs; mature leaves with a few hairs beneath, ovate or
elliptic, 1.7-2.5 cm. wide, 4.5-7 cm. long, 2-3 times as long (includ-
ing the acumen) as wide, about equally narrowed to both ends, the
apex then prolonged into a prominent narrow acumen 3 mm. wide
at base, 1-2 cm. long, the base acute to rounded, the margins de-
current on the stout petiole 1 mm. thick, 2-4 mm. long; mid vein
smooth and convex above, prominent but nearly flat beneath; lat-
eral veins 12-15 pairs with numerous intermediate ones, all very
slender, obscure on both surfaces; marginal vein about equaling the
FLORA OF PERU 585
laterals, less than 1 mm. from margin; both surfaces dull, obscurely
and sparingly gland-dotted, the upper surface darker, and somewhat
impressed-puncticulate at least when young; inflorescence axillary
or terminal, the axis either abortive and 1-2 mm. long or elongate
and leafy, the 1-4 flowering branches 3-5 cm. long, the slender axis
somewhat compressed, about 1 mm. wide below the first node;
flowers few, sessile, the flowering nodes 1 or 2 below the terminal
triad, the flowers 1 or 3 on each short lateral branch; bracteoles
linear, glabrous on the backs, 1.5 mm. long, appressed to the bud,
deciduous after anthesis; buds about 2.5 mm. long, prominently and
abruptly apiculate, obconic with long hirsute narrow base, glabrous
on the hemispheric distal half, opening to the level of the stamens
or a little below in 4 irregularly oblong lobes; hypanthium deeply
cup-shaped, glabrous within, sparingly hairy among the bases of the
stamens; style glabrous, 4.5 mm. long; stamens about 100, white,
the longest 4-5 mm. long, the anthers 0.3 mm. long; petals small,
obovate, white, about 0.7 mm. wide, 1.3 mm. long; fruit subglobose,
8-11 mm. in diameter; seeds reniform, 7-9 mm. long.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, alt. 100 meters, forest, G. Klug
235, Oct.-Nov., 1929 (F, type); forest between [lower] Rio Nanay
and Rio Napo, June 6, 1929, L. Williams 718.
Marlierea imperfecta McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 176. 1956.
Tree 6 meters high, the inflorescence thinly pubescent with pale
or reddish-based appressed or ascending hairs 0.2 mm. long, or longer
on the vegetative buds; leaves elliptic, 4.5-7 cm. wide and 12 cm.
long, or up to 9.5 cm. wide, 25 cm. long, about 2.5 times as long as
wide, acuminate (often narrowly so), rounded to acute at base, the
margins decurrent on the dark channeled petiole 1.5-3 mm. thick,
5-8 mm. long; mid vein impressed above, prominent beneath; lateral
veins 10-15 pairs and some intermediate ones, somewhat raised on
both sides, more prominent (as also the reticulum formed by the
small transverse veins) beneath; marginal vein about equaling the
laterals and arched between them, 2-5 mm. from margin, with a
faint submarginal vein beyond it; blade dark, smooth and obscurely
impressed-puncticulate above, the lower surface dull, coppery brown,
finely dark-dotted; inflorescence falsely terminal, the several branches
apparently arising from the lowest nodes of an abortive terminal
axis, each branch forming a broad panicle 8-14 cm. long and almost
as broad, 3 times compound, the peduncle 2.5-4 cm. long, flattened,
1.5-2 mm. wide below the first node; branches about 5 pairs, mostly
opposite; flowers sessile or nearly so, solitary or in 3's near the tips
586 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
of the branches; bracts not seen, apparently deciduous before an-
thesis; buds 3-3.5 mm. long, glabrous except a small apical tuft,
obovate, closed and rounded or scarcely apiculate at tip, the base
rather broadly obconic; calyx rupturing at anthesis and splitting
into 4 irregular lobes about 1.5 mm. long and up to 2.5 mm. wide;
disk glabrous, concave, about 3 mm. across; style 4-4.5 mm. long;
stamens about 100, about equaling the style; petals 3-4, suborbic-
ular, ciliate, often very broad at base but the attachment narrow,
about 2.5 mm. long and broad.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, alt. 100 meters, forest, Jan.
1930, G. King 787 (US, type).
Marlierea scytophylla Diels, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 48:
187. 1907.
A shrub or tree up to 8 meters high, glabrous except that the
vegetative buds are finely strigose, the divisions of the calyx are cili-
ate and strigose within, and a few hairs sometimes persist about the
base of the inflorescence; leaves elliptic, 3-5.5 cm. wide, 9-14 cm.
long, 2-3.5 times as long as wide, the tips acuminate, the base cune-
ate, acute, or somewhat rounded above the very base where the
margins are cuneately decurrent on the stout petiole 1.5 mm. thick,
5-10 mm. long; midvein convex above, 1-1.5 mm. wide at base,
prominent beneath; lateral veins 12-15 pairs with some interme-
diate ones nearly the same size, inconspicuous above, slightly ele-
vated beneath; marginal vein about equaling the laterals and arched
between them, 1.5-2.5 mm. from the margin; blades smooth and
rather dull green above, with numerous but often obscure glandular
dots, the lower surface yellow-green, finely and sparingly dark-dot-
ted; inflorescence a many-flowered axillary or falsely terminal pan-
icle 5-8 cm. long, mostly twice-compound, the central axis longer
than the lateral branches, or abortive and the lateral panicles paired;
flowers mostly sessile along the spikelike branches, the longest of
which are 3 cm. long and about 10-flowered; bracts broad-based,
acute, 1-2.5 mm. long, at least in part persistent through anthesis
and evident along the spikes as abortive flowers fall; buds 2-2.5 mm.
long, obconic, open at the apex, the lobes small and ciliate; calyx
opening by four irregular splits; disk glabrous, about 2.3 mm. wide;
style 5-5.5 mm. long; stamens probably 75-100, 5 mm. long (Diels) ;
fruit globose to oblate, finely glandular- verruculose, 1-1.5 cm. in
diameter. A little-known species of the Amazon Basin, readily dis-
tinguished even in fruit from similar species of Calyptranthes by the
convex rather than impressed midvein.
FLORA OF PERU 587
An imperfect specimen with immature fruit, which was col-
lected on the Rio Nanay, Loreto (Williams 767), appears to be a
Marlierea and may be the present species, but the leaves tend toward
ovate rather than elliptic and the inflorescence is somewhat strigose.
F. M. Neg. 23411. According to Diels' original description of M.
scytophylla the leaves are deeply sulcate above, but, as plainly shown
in the photograph, the midveins are convex rather than impressed
in Ule's no. 6044, the type specimen.
Peru (probably). Amazonian Brazil and Venezuela.
Marlierea spruceana Berg, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1: 34.
1857. M. spruceana a latifolia Berg, I.e. 515. 1859. M. spruceana
/3 angustifolia Berg, I.e.
A tree up to 9 meters high, strigose on the branchlets, inflores-
cence and the lower surfaces of at least the young leaves with lus-
trous yellowish-white hairs, these up to 1 mm. long (on the buds) or
often shorter, those on the leaves short, often with a few dibrachiate
hairs, up to 0.5 mm. long, interspersed; leaves ovate-elliptic, often
broadest a little below the middle, 6-7 cm. wide, 15-18 cm. long (or
those subtending the inflorescence smaller, 2.5-4 cm. wide, 8-13 cm.
long), 2-3 times as long as wide, gradually narrowed to an acuminate
tip, rounded or subcuneate at base, the margins decurrent on the
very stout petiole 1.5-2 mm. thick, 6-12 mm. long; midvein on the
upper surface concave, sulcate at least near the base, prominent
beneath; lateral veins 15-20 pairs, slender, slightly raised on both
surfaces; marginal veins about equaling the laterals, slightly arched
between them, 1.5-3 mm. from margin and often with a weak sec-
ondary marginal vein; leaves sometimes blackening above in drying,
both surfaces dull, the glands obscure, somewhat apparent above;
inflorescence terminal, forming a broad panicle with up to 200 flow-
ers, 10-12 cm. long, 4 to 5 times compound, or the central axis
abortive and the lower branches 5-8 cm. long; principal branches
usually with 3-4 nodes, the peduncle 2-4 cm. long below the lowest
node, compressed and 2-2.5 mm. wide below that node; flowers ses-
sile, mostly in terminal clusters of 3; bracts and bracteoles ovate,
acute, 1-3 mm. long, deciduous before anthesis; buds closed, obo-
void, 4-5 mm. long, with some dark glands partly concealed among
the hairs, opening irregularly into about 4 lobes which are glabrous
on the inner surface; style glabrous, 7 mm. long; stamens 100-125,
about 5 mm. long, the anthers 0.3 mm. long; petals 4, ovate, trun-
cate at base, ciliate, 3 mm. wide, 4 mm. long; disk 5 mm. across in
anthesis, the hypanthium deeply concave, tomentose within; fruit
588 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
globose, 1-1.5 cm. in diameter, tomentose. Probably conspecific is
M. uaupensis Berg, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1: 516. 1859, of Co-
lombia, which has the leaves broader (the terminal 6 cm. wide, 12.5
cm. long), short-petiolate and subcordate, the buds broadly ovoid,
and the pubescence of longer and whiter hairs. F. M. Neg. 19879.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug H.11. Amazonian Brazil and Colombia.
Marlierea squarrosa McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 177. 1956.
A shrub 2 meters high, densely pubescent on vegetative buds and
sparingly on young branchlets, petioles, and inflorescence, with ap-
pressed or ascending flexuous lustrous rufous hairs up to 0.5 mm.
long; leaves broadly elliptic or somewhat ovate, 3.5-6 cm. wide, 9-
13 cm. long, about 2.5 times as long as wide, rather abruptly nar-
rowed to a slenderly acuminate tip, rounded at base, the margins
decurrent on the petiole 1 mm. thick, 5-7 mm. long; mid vein and
10-15 pairs of lateral veins impressed above, prominent and raised
beneath; marginal vein about equaling the laterals and arched be-
tween them, not impressed above, 2-3 mm. from margin; small veins
not elevated nor prominently reticulate above; leaves drying brown,
dull, the upper surface darker and nearly eglandular, the lower cop-
pery and very sparingly dotted; inflorescence a broad many-flowered
axillary panicle 7-10 cm. long, 3 to 4 times compound, with up to
10 pairs of branches, the lowest up to 4 cm. long, the peduncle 2 cm.
long, compressed and up to 1.5 mm. wide below the lowest node;
flowers subspicate, mostly toward the tips of the branches, often sub-
opposite, sessile, solitary or in short-peduncled clusters of 3; bracts
ovate, divaricate, hairy, acute, 1-1.5 mm. long, broad-based and
rounded on the backs, persistent through an thesis; buds glabrous,
drying black, broadly obovoid, 1.5-2 mm. long, with numerous
raised glandular dots, contracted at base to a very short pseudo-
stalk; calyx-lobes 5, rounded, red-ciliate and appressed-pubescent
within, strongly unequal, the two outer much smaller, about 0.7 mm.
long and wide, the three inner up to 2 mm. wide and 1 mm. long,
the calyx as a whole splitting irregularly from the bases of the lobes
to the summit of the ovary; disk 1.7-2 mm. wide, glabrous, flat after
anthesis; style 3.5 mm. long; stamens about 50, 3 mm. long; anthers
0.6 mm. long; petals 3, suborbicular, about 2.5 mm. long; fruit not
seen. This species, like M. areolata, seems to cross the supposed
generic lines between Marlierea and Myrcia (Aulomyrcia) . It has
the irregularly splitting calyx, persistent bracts and explanate disk
of Marlierea, but the coppery color and free calyx-lobes of some
species of "Aulomyrcia." It might conceivably be a hybrid involv-
FLORA OF PERU 589
ing Marlierea umbraticola, which also has impressed veins in the
leaves.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 169 (US, type).
Marlierea subulata McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 177. 1956.
Tree 5 meters high, the branchlets, inflorescence and petioles
finely hispidulous with yellowish erect hairs about 0.2 mm. long, or
those on the vegetative buds, base of inflorescence and base of hy-
panthium slightly longer and appressed; leaves ovate or lanceolate,
nearly sessile, 4.5-7 cm. wide, 13-18 cm. long, 2.5-3.5 times as long
as wide, narrowed toward the apex from the middle or below, and
gradually acuminate, rounded and cordate-auriculate at base, the
margins passing abruptly into the ventral angles of the nearly flat,
hispidulous and somewhat expanded summit of the petiole 1.5-2 mm.
thick, 3-4 mm. long; mid vein impressed above, prominent beneath;
lateral veins about 10 pairs, impressed above, prominent and scalari-
form beneath, the intermediate ones weak; marginal vein about
equaling the laterals and markedly arched between them, 2.5-7 mm.
from margin, with an indistinct submarginal vein beyond it; blades
smooth, dark and lustrous above, with no glands apparent, the lower
surface paler, dull, with occasional dark glands; inflorescence a rather
few-flowered narrow panicle, 2 to 3 times compound, 7-15 cm. long,
and up to 6 cm. wide at base; peduncle less than half as long as the
whole panicle, distally flattened, 2-2.5 mm. wide; flowering nodes
5-6, the branches opposite or subopposite, the flowers solitary or in
3's on pedicels up to 5 mm. long; bracts divaricate, glabrous, subu-
late, up to about 3 mm. long, more or less persistent through an thesis;
bracteoles similar, about 1 mm. long, somewhat appressed to the
pseudostalk 0.5-1 mm. long; buds obovate, about 3 mm. long in-
cluding the prominent narrow apiculum, glabrous except near base
and sometimes for a tuft of small hairs crowning the apiculum, the
hypanthium gradually narrowed toward the base and then abruptly
rounded to the pseudostalk; calyx in bud completely closed, in an-
thesis splitting irregularly into 4 lobes, these up to 2 mm. long and
wide, glabrous except at apex; disk cup-shaped, 2.5 mm. across, the
staminal ring short-hairy; style 6 mm. long or more; stamens 75-100,
about equaling the style, the anthers about 0.3 mm. long; petals 4,
obovate or subrotund, 1 mm. wide, 1-1.5 mm. long, silky-villous
without; fruit globose to oblate, up to 1 cm. long and 1.5 cm. across.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, alt. 100 meters, forest, May,
June, 1930, G. Klug 1341 (F, type).
590 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Marlierea umbra ticola (HBK.) Berg, Linnaea 27: 17. 1855.
Myrtus umbraticola HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 258 (folio ed. p. 199).
1825. Marlierea insculpta Diels, Verb. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 48: 188.
1907.
A shrub or small tree 5-8 meters high, the inflorescence thickly
and finely pubescent with appressed or ascending lustrous rufous or
silver-tipped hairs up to 0.3 mm. long; lower leaf-surface with a few
appressed pale hairs with darker bases; leaves lanceolate or elliptic,
2.5-5.5 cm. wide, 8.5-17 cm. long, (2.8-) 3-4.5 times as long as wide,
the tip gradually or abruptly and often conspicuously acuminate,
the base acute to cuneate or somewhat rounded, the margins decur-
rent on the stout, transversely rimose petiole 1.5-2 mm. thick, 4-10
mm. long; petiole at maturity with the outer layers smooth and
reddish brown, cracking transversely and at length longitudinally,
separating and persisting; midvein impressed above, elevated nearly
its own thickness beneath; lateral veins 20-25 pairs, never promi-
nent but the major ones slightly impressed as delicate lines above,
slightly raised beneath; marginal vein about equaling the laterals or
slightly weaker, arched between them, 1-2.5 mm. from margin;
blades dark and lustrous but without apparent glands above, dull
green or brown, and finely dark-dotted beneath; inflorescence a
many-flowered axillary panicle 7-10 cm. long, mostly twice com-
pound with the flowers sessile or nearly so along the slender divari-
cate branches, the lowest of which may be as long as the central
branch or even longer; peduncle 1-2 cm. long, terete or slightly com-
pressed, usually rimose like the petioles, 1-2.5 mm. thick; branches
straight, slender, up to 10 cm. long and with more than 40 flowers
in bracteate, opposite or sometimes alternate pairs; bracts persist-
ent, squarrose, ovate, broad-based and somewhat surrounding the
buds, acute, 1 mm. long or less; buds 2-2.5 mm. long, dark or black
in drying, glabrous except the ciliate tips, broadly obovoid, the hy-
panthium obconic, the tip rounded; calyx-lobes 4, approximate in
the bud, very small, with deltoid ciliate tips, the calyx splitting
irregularly at anthesis between the lobes into irregular glabrous divi-
sions about 2.5 mm. long and 2 mm. wide; disk glabrous; style 4-5
mm. long; stamens 60-75, about 4 mm. long, the anthers 0.3 mm.
long; fruit globose, smooth or minutely verruculose, 5-10 mm. in
diameter. A commonly collected species of the basins of the Orinoco
and Casiquiare rivers in Colombia and Venezuela, and known also
from various stations in Amazonian Brazil; the type of M. insculpta
came from Marary on the upper Rio Jurud, Ule 5080, 5081. F. M.
Negs. 23407, 36908.
FLORA OF PERU 591
Peru (probably). Amazonian Bolivia and Brazil to Venezuela,
and eastern Colombia.
Marlierea velutina McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 178. 1956.
A shrub or tree, densely velutinous on the branchlets, inflores-
cence, buds, and petioles with coarse sharp erect yellowish brown
hairs up to 1 mm. long; leaves on both surfaces thinly hirsutulous
with similar hairs; leaves elliptic, oblong, or lanceolate, 4-6 cm. wide,
13-18 cm. long, about 3 times as long as wide, acute or shortly and
slenderly acuminate at tip, narrowly rounded at base, the margins
decurrent on the stout petiole 1.5-2 mm. thick, 5-7 mm. long; mid-
vein flat above or sulcate near base, velutinous, prominent and ele-
vated its own diameter beneath; lateral veins about 20 pairs, slightly
elevated above, prominulous beneath; marginal vein about equaling
the laterals, somewhat arched between them, 1.5-3 mm. from mar-
gin; blades at maturity dull, dark and obscurely punctate above,
yellow green or brown and hairy beneath, without apparent glands;
inflorescence of many-flowered, 2 or 3 times compound, axillary or
falsely terminal panicles 6-10 cm. long, the flowers solitary or in 3's
near the tips of the branches; peduncle 3.5-5 cm. long, compressed,
2.5 mm. wide below the first branches; primary branches 1.5-2.5 cm.
long, the lateral pedicels 3-5 mm. long, the central flowers sessile or
nearly so; bracts and bracteoles deciduous before an thesis, linear,
2-3 mm. long; buds probably about 7 mm. long, not seen; hypan-
thium 3-4 mm. long, broadly ellipsoid or urceolate to subglobose,
with about 8 prominent longitudinal ridges; calyx-lobes in bud united,
with free, bluntly deltoid tips about 1 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, the
calyx in anthesis splitting irregularly into 4 somewhat elliptic lobes
2-3 mm. wide, 3-4 mm. long, the split extending into the edge of the
staminal disk and the margin of the disk recurved with the lobes;
disk about 4 mm. wide, deeply depressed at center, velutinous; style
7 mm. long, hairy two-thirds of its length; stamens very numerous,
probably about 200; petals obovate-cuneate, 2 mm. wide, 3 mm.
long; ovary bilocular, with 2 ovules in each locule. Known only
from the type, Rusby 2683, collected at the falls of the Rio Madeira,
Brazil.
Peru (probably). Amazonian Brazil.
2. CALYPTRANTHES Swartz
Reference: Berg, Linnaea 27: 18-33. 1855; and in Mart. Fl. Bras.
14, pt. 1:38-55. 1857.
592 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Calyx completely closed in the bud, circumscissile, the operculum
usually attached at one side in anthesis, finally completely dehiscent.
Petals none, or in a few species 2-3 (-5), small and inconspicuous.
Inflorescence-axis usually abortive above the first node, with the
paired panicles arising from opposite axils at the lowest nodes of the
axis. Pubescence usually at least in part of dibrachiate hairs.
A distinctive genus of perhaps 50-75 species, ranging from Florida
through the West Indies and eastern South America to Uruguay.
Early reports of this genus from Asia were based primarily on species
now referred to Syzygium Gaertn., a genus of the Eugeniinae.
Flowers very large for the genus, the buds 7-8 mm. long, convex or
nearly flat at the apex, lacking a narrow apiculum; inflorescence
pale-scurfy and also appressed-puberulent with minute brown-
ish dibrachiate hairs 0.1 mm. long; leaves 25-39 cm. long, nar-
rowly elliptic, nearly sessile, appearing cordate-auriculate at
base, the stout petiole 4 mm. long C. maxima
Flowers smaller, the buds if 5 mm. long or more fusiform and apicu-
late, or noticeably hirsute or velutinous; inflorescence glabrous
to hairy; leaves usually smaller and slender-petiolate, if sessile
or essentially so the buds not as above.
Leaves sessile, with veins impressed on the upper surface; blades
cordate at base or the margins much produced and plicate.
Leaves ovate, cordate, 9-12 cm. long; inflorescence glabrous;
buds fusiform, 6-7 mm. long C. sessilis
Leaves obovate, with the margins near base produced into
puckered folds, the blades 30-38 cm. long; inflorescence
appressed-hirsutulous; buds 3.5 mm. long, obovoid.
C. plicata
Leaves petiolate, cuneate to acute or somewhat rounded at base,
the veins usually not impressed.
Inflorescence of paired spikes, the individual flowers sessile along
the axis or the lowest in sessile or very short-peduncled
groups of three.
Buds glabrous; leaves 2.5-6 cm. long, often obovate with
rounded or sometimes short-acuminate tip; flowers
mostly 3 or 5 (-11) in each spike C. pulchella
Buds strigose or hirsute; leaves 7-16 cm. long, elliptic to
ovate, usually prominently and often narrowly acumi-
nate; flowers more numerous.
FLORA OF PERU 593
Branchlets and inflorescence, including the buds, thickly
rufous-hirsute; buds broadly obovoid to nearly glo-
bose, 5-6 mm. long, concealed by the hairs; flowers
8-13 in each spike C. krugioides
Branchlets and inflorescence with appressed yellow or
brown dibrachiate hairs; buds obovoid or broadly
fusiform, 2-2.5 mm. long, rather sparingly hairy.
Spikes mostly 8-12 cm. long, the numerous flowers in
several sessile clusters of 10-20 flowers each; leaves
short-acuminate, the lateral veins not impressed
above, slender and closely parallel C. densiflora
Spikes 3-5.5 cm. long, the flowers 25 or fewer on each,
in small sessile clusters of 1-3 each; leaves with nar-
row acumen 1.5-2 cm. long; lateral veins impressed
above, the principal ones prominent beneath and
contrasting with the less conspicuous intermediates.
C. brevispicata
Inflorescence of paired panicles or compound dichasia, the basal
branches elongated and again branched, or occasionally
with solitary terminal flowers.
Branches of the inflorescence uniformly but sometimes thinly
beset with appressed or erect hairs; hypanthium vari-
ously strigose to tomentose, except in C. multiflora.
Hypanthium glabrous; inflorescence loosely pubescent with
numerous erect or somewhat appressed soft pale rufous
hairs; midvein convex above; buds 2-2.5 mm. long.
C. multiflora
Hypanthium strigose or variously velutinous or tomentose,
if nearly glabrous the midvein sulcate or narrowly im-
pressed above.
Inflorescence-branch an umbelliform cyme 2-5 cm. long
with 15 flowers or fewer, the ovate boat-shaped
bracts subfoliaceous, persistent; inflorescence, in-
cluding the flowers, thickly hirsute with coarse rufous
sessile dibrachiate hairs up to 1.5-2 mm. long and
attached near one end C. longifolia
Inflorescence-branch paniculate or by reduction race-
mose, often 3 to 4 times compound and many-
flowered (if short and few-flowered not hirsute as
above); bracts completely deciduous before an the-
594 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
sis or occasionally a few (especially the basal ones)
persisting; hairs of the inflorescence various, mostly
sessile and less than 1 mm. long.
Hairs of the inflorescence golden-yellow, dibrachiate,
up to more than 1 mm. long, the basal stalk of the
hair erect and often as long as the spreading or
ascending branches; leaves 6 cm. long or less,
rounded to obscurely acuminate at tip; branch-
lets 2-winged; flowers mostly 10 or fewer on each
branch C. tridymantha
Hairs of the inflorescence sessile and somewhat ap-
pressed and mostly less than 0.5 mm. long, or with
very short hairs intermixed, or the inflorescence
velutinous or tomentose, usually with red or rusty
hairs.
Leaves large, mostly more than 15 cm. long (often
20-30 cm. long), with 20-35 pairs of lateral
veins; buds obovoid or obconic, scarcely apic-
ulate, 3-5 mm. long; inflorescence with abun-
dant rufous pubescence.
Lateral and marginal veins scarcely apparent on
lower leaf-surface, the surface covered with
very numerous, closely appressed pale hairs
up to 0.2 mm. long; blades tapering from the
middle or below to a slender apex; inflores-
cence 5 cm. long or less, few-flowered.
C. macrophylla
Lateral and marginal veins forming a conspicuous
gridiron pattern on the lower leaf-surface,
which is glabrous or sparingly appressed-
pubescent at maturity; blades abruptly and
narrowly acuminate; inflorescence 6-10 cm.
long, many-flowered C. speciosa
Leaves of moderate size, usually less than 20 cm.
long or, if longer, the lateral veins 15 pairs or
fewer, or the buds 2-2.5 mm. long; buds and
pubescence various.
Flowers small, the buds 2-2.5 mm. long, obovoid,
the apex rounded or shortly apiculate; pan-
icles mostly 3 times compound, many-flow-
ered, the branches sparingly covered with
FLORA OF PERU 595
appressed pale or sometimes reddish hairs,
the hypanthium strigose, sometimes very
sparingly so; paired panicles from an abor-
tive flattened axis 10 mm. long or less.
Lower leaf-surfaces with few dark hairs and
usually with rather numerous persistent,
nearly colorless appressed hairs; leaves
elliptic, broadest at the middle, 5-10 cm.
long with 12-15 lateral veins on each side;
style 4-4.5 mm. long C. ruiziana
Lower leaf-surfaces glabrous except for a few
dark hairs; leaves ovate or lanceolate, usu-
ally widest somewhat below the middle,
9-15 (-25) cm. long, with 20-25 pairs of
veins on each side; style 5-6 mm. long.
C. simulata
Flowers larger, the buds 3-6 mm. long, variously
shaped; panicle compound, or by reduction
racemoid, its branches and the hypanthium
uniformly and usually conspicuously ap-
pressed-hairy, velutinous or tomentose with
ferruginous or dark reddish hairs; panicles
various.
Inflorescence-branch a spike with all flowers
sessile, or the lower branches 1-2 cm. long,
1- or 3-flowered; buds 5-6 mm. long, abun-
dantly hirsute, the hypanthium hairy
within C. krugioides
Inflorescence-branch a panicle, usually many-
flowered and 3 times compound; buds 3-4
mm. long, appressed-hairy to tomentose,
the hypanthium glabrous within.
Midvein impressed above; hypanthium ap-
pressed-hairy, the hairs of the inflores-
cence rusty-brown; buds fusiform, 3-3.5
mm. long; panicle narrow, the lowest
branches about 1.5 cm. long.
C. tessmannii
Midvein convex above (and then sometimes
sulcate) or raised in a narrow ridge; hy-
panthium loosely velutinous or tomen-
596 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
tose; buds obovoid or ellipsoid; lower
branches of the panicle relatively long.
Leaves 15-21 cm. long, about 4 times as
long as wide, the straight marginal
vein and the 10-15 short lateral veins
prominent beneath; petiole very stout,
3 mm. thick, 7 mm. long; buds broadly
ellipsoid, heavily tomentose with dark
red hairs, the hypanthium urceolate
in anthesis C. rufotomentosa
Leaves 10-16 cm. long, about 2.5 times as
long as wide, the marginal vein con-
sisting of a series of loops or arches
between the 8-12 pairs of laterals;
petiole 1 mm. thick, 8-10 mm. long;
buds obovoid, sparingly or rather
densely velutinous with rusty-brown
or reddish hairs, the hypanthium prob-
ably turbinate in anthesis.
C. cuspidata
Branches of the inflorescence (including the hypanthium)
completely glabrous or with a very few scattered hairs
about the base and the nodes of the panicle.
Panicles with 20 flowers or fewer, sometimes reduced and
raceme-like or spikelike; peduncle and rachis filiform
or very slender, often terete and nearly straight, usually
less than 1 mm. thick; branchlets narrowly 2-winged.
Flowers mostly sessile on the axis, only the lower clusters
pedunculate; wings of the branchlets often 0.5 mm.
high; buds 4-7 mm. long, obtuse or obscurely
apiculate C. pulchella
Flowers mostly on very long slender pedicels; wings of
the branchlets scarcely higher than thick; buds 2-3
mm. long, narrowly and conspicuously apiculate.
C. bipennis
Panicles many-flowered, 3 to 4 times compound, the pe-
duncle usually somewhat angular near summit and
1-1.5 mm. thick, the rachis often irregularly enlarged
and zigzag; wings, if produced on branchlets, not per-
sisting through the growing season.
FLORA OF PERU 597
Lower leaf-surface obscurely gland-dotted, the dots about
15 per square mm.; leaves relatively narrow, mostly
2.5 times as long as broad, or longer; panicle-
branches irregularly alternate C. paniculata
Lower leaf-surface prominently dark-dotted, the dots
more than 50 per square mm. ; leaves broader, mostly
2.3 times as long as broad, or less; panicle-branches,
both large and small, often verticillate or fasciculate.
C. crebra
Calyptranthes bipennis Berg, Linnaea 31: 248. 71862.
A shrub or tree up to 15 meters high, glabrous except for a few
hairs on the young terminal vegetative buds; young leafy branchlets
2-winged, the wings up to about 0.2 mm. high, arising just above the
axil at one node and terminating in stipule-like tips up to 1 mm.
long between the petiole bases at the node above; leaves elliptic,
lanceolate or ovate, (1-) 2-5 cm. wide, 3-7 (-11) cm. long, 2-3 (-4)
times as long as wide, acuminate (often slenderly so), the base cune-
ate, or rounded and finally subcuneate, the margins decurrent on
the petiole 2-3 mm. long and up to 1 mm. thick; midvein prominent
beneath, on the upper surface broadly impressed near base in a
rounded channel, plane near the tip; lateral veins slender, slightly
raised on both surfaces or but obscurely so above, about 10-12 prin-
cipal pairs but with relatively strong intermediate veins, the blade
thus often seeming to have numerous close parallel veins; marginal
vein continuous, 0.5-1 (-2) mm. from margin, little arched between
the laterals; leaves dull and pale green in drying, or the lower sur-
face pale brown; upper surface smooth, usually with at least a few
impressed dots; lower surface more or less prominently brown dotted;
inflorescence axillary, the axis either abortive and 0.5-2 mm. long,
or elongate and leafy; flowering branches 2, opposite, arising from
the lowest nodes of the axis, filiform, 2-5 (-9) cm. long, 0.2-0.7 mm.
thick below the nodes, 1 to 3 times compound; peduncle 9-22 mm.
long; nodes of the flowering axis 1-3, the pedicels filiform, 2-7 mm.
long, 1-flowered or with 2 or 3 nearly sessile flowers at the tip; bract
at base of flowering branch linear, 0.7 mm. wide, 1.7 mm. long; other
bracts and bracteoles not seen; buds obovoid, prominently gland-
dotted, attenuate at base at least when young, 2-3 mm. long, nar-
rowly apiculate, the apiculum often conspicuous; calyptra about one-
third as long as the unopened bud; style 3-5 mm. long; petals none;
stamens about 75, up to 4 mm. long; fruit globose, 5-7 mm. in
598 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
diameter. The several collections which I should refer to this species
show unusual variation in size of leaves, but are otherwise so similar
that there is little doubt that they are conspecific. The type speci-
men, which is in young bud only, bears small and narrow leaves up to
1 cm. wide and 4 cm. long. The inflorescences are poorly developed,
each branch bearing three pedicellate flowers only. Superficially this
specimen bears little resemblance to such large-leaved examples as
those in Killip & Smith's no. 27702 and Krukoff 's nos. 5203 and 5205,
but in characters other than leaf-size there is good agreement. The
development of the inflorescence and the presence of 1-flowered or
3-flowered pedicels evidently vary from plant to plant, and under
conditions which affect vigor and development; in some cases both
1-flowered and 3-flowered pedicels are found on the same plant, and
I regard as taxonomically unimportant, in this case, the difference
between the 3-flowered cymes of the type specimen, and the approxi-
mately 20-flowered panicle-like branches of Killip & Smith's no.
27702. The type specimen of C. bipennis apparently is merely a
small-leaved extreme, collected at an early stage in development, of
a species population which is widespread and relatively uniform in
Brazilian Amazonia and adjacent Peru. Univ. of Mich. Neg. 430.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 6584- Loreto: Yurimaguas,
Killip & Smith 27702. Fl. Huallaga ad cataractas, July, 1856,
Spruce 4596, type. Amazonian Brazil.
Calyptranthes brevispicata McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 181.
1956.
A tree 4 meters high, the branchlets, inflorescence, petioles and
lower leaf-surfaces sparingly covered with appressed fusiform yellow-
ish brown dibrachiate hairs up to 0.5 mm. long (or to 1 mm. long
on the midvein); leaves elliptic-lanceolate, 3.5-5 cm. wide, 11-15 cm.
long, about 3 times as long as wide, narrowed toward the apex from
about the middle, gradually or rather abruptly long-acuminate, the
tip 3 mm. wide at base, 1.5-2 cm. long; base of blade acute and
finally cuneate, the margins decurrent on the stout petiole 1.5 mm.
thick, 8 mm. long; midvein sharply sulcate and impressed above,
prominently elevated beneath; lateral veins 20 or more pairs, im-
pressed above, prominent beneath and contrasting with the smaller
and less conspicuous intermediate veins; marginal vein nearly
straight, about equaling the laterals, 2-3 mm. from margin, slightly
impressed above and prominently elevated beneath, a smaller but
distinct submarginal vein beyond it; blades somewhat lustrous, green
and impressed-puncticulate above, somewhat yellowish beneath,
FLORA OF PERU 599
with small dark dots and numerous appressed hairs; inflorescence
axillary, the axis very short and flat, about 2 mm. long and wide,
the flowering branches 2, spicate, 3-5.5 cm. long, from the lowest
nodes of the axis, the peduncle short, about 1 cm. long, nearly terete,
1-1.3 mm. thick below the first node; flowers 25 or fewer on each
branch, 1-3 in small sessile clusters at the 3-4 principal nodes and
the tip; bracts deciduous before an thesis; buds about 2.5 mm. long,
broadly fusiform, brown-hairy and somewhat arachnoid-pubescent,
broadly and sometimes obscurely apiculate; calyptra domelike; hy-
panthium after dehiscence broadly campanulate, 1.5 mm. high, about
2 mm. across the rim; style 6 mm. long; stamens about 50, white, to
6 mm. long, the anthers 0.3 mm. long. Univ. of Mich. Neg. 454.
Loreto: Florida, Rio Putumayo, at mouth of Rio Zubineta, alt.
200 meters, forest, March-April, 1931, G. King 2040 (US, type).
Calyptranthes crebra McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 181. 1956.
Tree 4-10 meters high, completely glabrous or the vegetative
buds strigose with reddish fusiform dibrachiate hairs up to 0.5 mm.
long, and a few similar hairs persistent at the base and about the
nodes of the inflorescence; leaves elliptic to ovate, 4-5 cm. wide,
8.5-10.5 cm. long, about 1.8-2.3 times as long as wide, short-acumi-
nate, the base cuneate, the margins decurrent on the stout petiole
1-1.5 mm. thick, 4-5 mm. long; midvein broadly sulcate above,
prominent beneath; lateral veins 12-15 pairs in addition to the
scarcely less conspicuous intermediates, slightly elevated on both
surfaces but obscure on both; marginal vein about equaling the lat-
erals, nearly straight, 1.5-2 mm. from margin; upper surface olive
green to brown in drying, impressed-puncticulate, the lower pale or
dark tan, with abundant (more than 50 per square mm.) dark prom-
inent glands; inflorescence axillary or falsely terminal, the axis about
1 mm. long, the 2 flowering branches from the lowest nodes, 5-11 cm.
long, mostly 3 times compound, many-flowered, the peduncle often
half as long as the entire inflorescence, terete, 1 mm. thick or a little
more; lowest branches of the panicle sub-verticillate, three larger
and as many smaller arising nearly together; upper nodes mostly
alternate and enlarged, the branchlets often fasciculate, the rachis
zigzag and flattened; flowers yellow-green (Klug), near tips in 3's or
in clusters up to 10; bracts deciduous before anthesis; buds 2 mm.
long or less, obovate, somewhat expanded above the middle, shortly
apiculate; hypanthium after dehiscence broadly campanulate, about
1.3 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide; calyptra concave; style 5 mm. long;
stamens 60-75, about as long as the style; anthers about 0.2 mm.
600 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
long; fruit globose, about 5 mm. in diameter, finely glandular- ver-
ruculose, surmounted by the very short flaring neck of the hypan-
thium. Univ. of Mich. Neg. 470.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, forest, alt. 100 meters, Octo-
ber-November, 1929, G. Klug 77, 78 (F, type), 607.
Calyptranthes cuspidata DC. Prodr. 3: 258. 1828.
Probably a tree, the vegetative buds, petioles, branchlets and
inflorescence velutinous with rusty brown or light reddish brown
partly dibrachiate hairs up to 0.5 mm. long; leaves glabrous both
sides, elliptic or oblanceolate, 4-5 cm. wide, 10-16 cm. long, about
2.5 times as long as wide, at apex cuspidate-acuminate with acumen
1-1.5 cm. long, the base acute, the margins decurrent on the chan-
neled petiole 1 mm. thick, 8-10 mm. long; midvein convex or nar-
rowly sulcate above, prominent beneath; lateral veins 8-12 pairs,
sometimes with nearly similar intermediate veins, slightly convex
on both sides of the blade; marginal vein about equaling the laterals
and arched between them, or scarcely forming a distinct vein, 2-4
mm. from margin, often with smaller veins evident beyond it; blade
smooth and featureless above, paler and dull beneath with pale in-
conspicuous glandular dots; inflorescence to 10 cm. long, 3 times
compound, many-flowered; flowers sessile, clustered near the tips of
the branches; buds 3.2-4 mm. long, obovoid, the calyptra rounded
and domelike, punctate, and (in the type) glabrate; hypanthium
markedly produced beyond the ovary, the orifice about 1 mm. across;
stamens probably 50-75. The type, which I saw in Munich in 1954,
bears both buds and opening flowers; it is labeled "Rio dos Enganos,
in flumen Japura, Provinciae Rio Negro," Martins (F. M. Neg.
19884). Krukoff's no. 6221 (NY, US), from the State of Ama-
zonas, Mun. Humayta, near Tres Casas, is referred to this species
with some doubt. It is said to be a tree 60 feet high; the plants are
in young bud with inflorescence scarcely developed. The foliage
closely resembles that of the type of C. cuspidata, but the inflores-
cence appears to be more strongly velutinous than in the Martius
specimen.
Peru (probably). Amazonian Brazil.
Calyptranthes densiflora Poepp. ex Berg, Linnaea 27: 30. 1855.
A tree 4-7 meters high, sparsely covered in the inflorescence and
on the lower leaf-surfaces with brownish-yellow fusiform sessile but
rather loosely appressed dibrachiate hairs up to 0.8 mm. long on
FLORA OF PERU 601
the midvein and about 0.5 mm. long on the inflorescence; leaves
elliptic or ovate, 3-5.5 cm. wide, 7-13 cm. long, 2-2.5 times as long
as wide, acuminate, the base acute to rounded, the margins decur-
rent on the stout petiole 1-1.5 mm. thick, 5-6 mm. long; midvein
impressed or sharply sulcate above, prominent beneath; lateral veins
15-20 pairs, slender and close with numerous intermediate veins,
obscure above, more distinct beneath; marginal vein about equaling
the laterals, 1.5-2 (-3.5) mm. from margin; leaves nearly concolorous,
lustrous and smooth and obscurely impressed-puncticulate above,
slightly more yellowish-green or -brown beneath, the surface rather
sparingly dotted with small glands, often with pale appressed hairs
and some brownish-yellow dibrachiate hairs; inflorescence axillary,
the axis flattened, 2-4 mm. long and at least 2-3 mm. wide; flower-
ing branches 2, spicate, (3-) 8-12 cm. long, opposite, arising from
the lowest nodes of the axis, the peduncle about half as long as the
entire branch, angled but scarcely compressed, 2-2.5 mm. thick just
below the first node; flowers sessile in clusters of 10-20 at each of
3-5 nodes and at the tips, the clusters sub-opposite or usually some
or all of them alternate, the axis often zigzag; bracts about half as
many as the flowers and simulating an involucre about the clusters,
1-2.5 mm. wide, 2-3 mm. long, obovate, cucullate, glabrous on the
inner surface; buds 2-2.5 mm. long, obovoid, gland-dotted, not
apiculate, strigose with lustrous golden or somewhat arachnoid hairs;
calyptra 1.5-2 mm. across, explanate; hypanthium hollow nearly to
the base of the bud, the walls thin and collapsing after anthesis; style
5-6 mm. long; stamens 30-40, up to 5 mm. long, the anthers 0.4-0.5
mm. long; fruit (according to Poeppig) smaller than a pea, globose,
crowned with the tubular hypanthium. F.M. Neg. 31509.
San Martin: Zepelacio near Moyobamba, King 3307, 3747. In
sylvis ad Mission Tocache, Poeppig 2019 (type, herb. Wien).
In Poeppig's original specimen, which I have seen through the
kindness of Dr. Rechinger, the spikes are apparently somewhat un-
developed and perhaps abnormal; they are about 1.5 cm. long, each
with 25-40 flowers closely packed in a sub-cylindric cluster.
Calyptranthes krugioides McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 182.
1956.
Tree to 20 meters high, the branchlets and inflorescence thickly
rufous-hirsute with coarse flexuous hairs about 0.5 mm. long; mid-
vein above densely and veins beneath sparingly hairy in young foli-
age; leaves elliptic or ovate, 2.5-6.5 cm. wide, 10-16 cm. long, 2.5-3
(-4) times as long as wide, about equally and often abruptly narrowed
602 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
to the slenderly or caudately acuminate tip, and to the rounded or
subcuneate base, the margins decurrent on the stout petiole 1.5-2
mm. thick and 5-11 mm. long; principal veins impressed above, the
mid vein sulcate but raised in a narrow central line in this groove;
veins prominent beneath, the principal laterals 10-12 pairs, the mar-
ginal vein about equaling the laterals, 2-4 mm. from the margin;
leaves drying brown, dull, the upper surface smooth and without
evident glands, the lower lighter in color, minutely dark-dotted; in-
florescences axillary, paired, spikelike, 5-6 cm. long, the axis with
3-4 flowering nodes, about 1 mm. in diameter but appearing more
than 2 mm. thick because of the hairs; flowers distant, 8-13 in each
spike, at the upper nodes solitary and sessile, at the lower nodes in
groups of 3 on a common branch 3 mm. long; bracteoles ovate, acute,
about 2.5 mm. long; buds broadly obovoid to nearly globose, 5-6 mm.
long, obscurely apiculate, completely concealed by the hairs; calyp-
tra about 3.5 mm. high; hypanthium cup-shaped, sparingly strigose
within; style 8 mm. long, glabrous or with a few hairs at base; sta-
mens 125-150, nearly as long as the style, the anthers 0.5 mm. long;
petals 3, elliptic, rounded at the apex, 3 mm. wide and 4 mm. long
in the mature bud; fruit not seen. The name is given in reference to
the superficial resemblance between this species and Krugia ferru-
ginea, of northern South America and the West Indies. Univ. of
Mich. Neg. 465.
Loreto: Iquitos, edge of lake, October 11, 1929, alt. 120 meters,
Williams 3675 (F, type). Amazonian Brazil (basin of Rio Jurud,
Krukoff5041).
Calyptranthes longifolia Berg, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1:
46. 1857. C. pleophlebia Diels, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 48: 188.
1907.
Shrub to 3 meters high, thickly appressed-hairy in the inflores-
cence, on the young branchlets and buds and petioles, with coarse
rufous mostly dibrachiate hairs up to 1.5 (-2) mm. long; leaves at
least when young with a few long hairs beneath; leaves elliptic or
lanceolate, 4-6.5 (-8) cm. wide, 10-25 cm. long, 2.5-4.5 times as
long as wide, gradually or abruptly acuminate at tip, rounded or
often subcuneate at base, the margins decurrent on the stout short
petiole 1.5-2.5 mm. thick, 4-6 (-8) mm. long; midvein impressed
above, prominent beneath; lateral veins 15-20 pairs, like the mar-
ginal vein usually somewhat impressed above and rather prominent
beneath; marginal vein about equaling the laterals, somewhat arched
r. FLORA OF PERU 603
between them, 2-5 (-10) mm. from the margin; leaves rather dull
when dry, at least the lower surface turning pale brown; upper sur-
face smooth or inconspicuously impressed-puncticulate; lower surface
sparingly glandular; inflorescence a pair of few-flowered stout cymes
2-5 cm. long, the axis 1.5 mm. thick, from the lowest nodes of an
axillary branch, this branch aborting or (usually, in the specimens
seen) elongating and becoming leafy at tip, the cymes appearing
lateral and supra-axillary; cymes about 15- or fewer-flowered, with
1-5 (usually 2-3) nodes, each with an oblong or bluntly triangular
bract, 3-3.5 mm. wide and 4-15 mm. long, at base; flowers sessile,
mostly in crowded laterally compressed bracteate clusters of 3 to 5
at the tips of the branches; bracts ovate, rounded on the back, acute,
2-3.5 mm. long, persistent until the fruit is grown; buds about 2.5
mm. long, obovoid, very shortly apiculate, completely hidden by the
abundant hairs; calyptra explanate at anthesis, about 2 mm. wide;
style undeveloped in specimens examined; stamens about 75, 3-4
mm. long; fruit purple (Killip & Smith), probably globose, about
1.5 cm. in diameter, 1-seeded, the seed kidney-shaped, 1 cm. long.
As already pointed out by Amshoff (Med. Bot. Mus. Rijksuniv.
Utrecht 86: 150. 1942), the flowers of a closely related species,
Calyptranthes fasciculata Berg, are often unisexual. A similar con-
dition apparently prevails in the present species, and in C. speciosa
var. gigantifolia. F.M. Negs. 23383, 23388.
San Martin: Chazuta, Rio Huallaga, Klug 4103. Loreto: Yuri-
maguas, Poeppig 2162, type; Williams 4666. Stromgebiet des Uca-
yali von 10 S. bis zur Mundung, Tessmann 3432 (F.M. Neg. 23394).
Cerro de Escaler, 1300 meters, Ule 6751, type of C. pleophlebia.
Junin: Colonia Perene, Killip & Smith 24933. Bolivia.
Calyptranthes macrophylla Berg, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1 :
45. 1857.
A shrub or tree to 5-6 meters high, the inflorescence covered with
dark rusty fusiform, closely appressed dibrachiate hairs 0.3 mm.
long; lower leaf-surface covered with very numerous, closely ap-
pressed lustrous pale hairs 0.1-0.2 mm. long, mixed with a few
darker dibrachiate hairs, these on the midrib up to 0.5 mm. long;
leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 5.5-9 cm. wide, 18-24 cm. long,
2.7-4.2 times as long as wide, narrowed from the middle or below
to the long-acute or gradually long-acuminate tip, rounded at base,
the margins decurrent on the stout pubescent petiole 2.5 mm. thick,
10-12 mm. long; midvein impressed or sulcate above, raised its own
thickness beneath; lateral veins very slender, 30-35 pairs, very
604 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
slightly elevated both sides; marginal vein nearly straight, about
equaling the laterals, 1.5-2 mm. from the inrolled margin; blades
lustrous, greenish-brown or darker and minutely impressed-punctic-
ulate above, pale tan and somewhat lustrous beneath from the cov-
ering of small hairs which also nearly cover the numerous small dark
glands; inflorescence axillary, the axis flattened and short, 3-10 mm.
long, 2-3 mm. wide; flowering branches 1.5-6.5 cm. long, only the
two lateral developed, or also a third representing the principal axis
of the flowering branch; each branch 5- to many-flowered, the flowers
sessile or on pedicels 2.5 mm. long; bracts lance-linear, about 5 mm.
long, probably deciduous at anthesis; buds obconic, scarcely apicu-
late, 3-4 mm. long; disk in fruit sunken, glabrous, about 3 mm. wide;
fruit globose, 7-11 mm. in diameter, the hypanthium prolonged into
a cylindrical neck 1-1.5 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. wide; calyptra some-
times persistent on the fruit, explanate, 2.5 mm. across. Flowering
specimens of this species have apparently not been recently collected,
but the species itself is well known from the upper Amazon region of
Brazil and from nearby Venezuela. The Krukoff specimen cited
below is included with some doubt as to its identity; the leaves are
sparsely pubescent, and slightly more prominently acuminate than
in the other specimens seen; the flowers are more numerous, and the
pubescence of the inflorescence is of relatively loose and pale hairs;
possibly it represents a distinct species but this cannot be determined
with certainty from the material, which is in bud only, and with
over-mature and weathered foliage. F.M. Neg. 31510. (See also a
note under C. speciosa.}
Rio Acre: Near mouth of Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5498. Ama-
zonian Brazil to Venezuela.
Calyptranthes maxima McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 182.
1956.
A small tree, the branchlets and inflorescence puberulent with
minute appressed brownish dibrachiate hairs about 0.1 mm. long,
the inflorescence (and especially the hypanthium) pale scurfy as well;
leaves elliptic, thin in texture, 7.5-10.5 cm. wide, 25-39 cm. long,
3.5-4 times as long as wide, about equally narrowed to both ends,
acuminate at tip, appearing cordate-auriculate at base when dry;
petioles dark and stout, about 3 mm. thick, 4 mm. long, the thick-
ened portion extending 5-6 mm. beneath the blade and there merg-
ing into the unmodified midvein, the whole petiole depressed below
the plane of the base of the leaf and lying in a short steep-sided fur-
row; midvein centrally sulcate, but elevated on the upper surface,
FLORA OF PERU 605
prominent beneath; lateral veins very slender, 25-35 pairs in addi-
tion to some intermediates, convex on both sides, more conspicuous
beneath; marginal vein about equaling the laterals, nearly straight,
2-4 mm. from margin; blades pale green and lustrous above, paler
and with small dark glandular dots beneath; inflorescence from the
terminal node of a stout terminal bracteate shoot 1.5 cm. long; bracts
of the shoot scarious, coriaceous, lance-attenuate, 6 mm. wide, 15-25
mm. long; bracteoles scarious, linear, blunt-tipped, 2.5 mm. wide
and 7 mm. long, deciduous at anthesis; inflorescence branches soli-
tary, 6-10 cm. long, 1 to 2 times compound, 6- to 11-flowered, on
stout compressed peduncles 3.5 mm. wide below the first node; lower
divisions of the primary branch 8 mm. long, 3-flowered; all flowers
except the terminal one on flat pedicel-like branchlets 2-3 mm. long,
2 mm. wide; buds 7-8 mm. long, obovoid and nearly flat- topped, the
calyptra nearly flat, scarcely apiculate, 5-6 mm. across, glabrous
inside; hypanthium glabrous within, prolonged 2.5 mm. beyond the
summit of the ovary; stamens about 200, 5 mm. long, densely fring-
ing the orifice of the hypanthium in a zone 1.5 mm. wide; anthers
0.6-0.8 mm. long; style stout, about 8 mm. long, 0.4 mm. in diam-
eter, enlarged (perhaps deformed) distally; ovary bilocular, the
ovules in each locule 2, ascending. Known only from the Trapecio
amazonico, in Colombian territory very near to the Peruvian bound-
ary, Schultes & Black 8526, type.
Peru (probably). Amazonian Colombia.
Calyptranthes multiflora Berg, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1:
42. 1857. ?C. poeppigiana Berg, I.e. 45.
A tree, pubescent in the inflorescence with numerous erect rufous
hairs up to 0.2 mm. long, and usually with a few appressed, slightly
longer and sometimes dibrachiate hairs near the base of the pan-
icles; petioles and mid veins of young leaves near the base sparingly
pubescent; leaves elliptic or narrowly ovate, 2-4 (-6) cm. wide,
5-10 cm. long, (1.7-) 2.4-3 times as long as wide, about equally
narrowed to the short-acuminate tip and the cuneate or subcuneate
base, the margins decurrent on the short stout petiole 2-2.5 (-3.5)
mm. long; midvein prominent beneath, not impressed above but
plane or forming a low flat or convex ridge 0.5-1 mm. wide; lateral
veins about 10 pairs, but often seeming to be 20 or more closely
parallel veins on a side because of the many smaller intermediates;
marginal vein about equaling the laterals, somewhat arched between
them, usually less than 1 mm. from margin (up to 4 mm.); leaves
dull in drying, nearly concolorous or the lower surface paler, both
606 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
sides with small inconspicuous glandular dots, the veins obscure
above, evident beneath at least in mature leaves; inflorescence a
pair of panicles, up to 8.5 cm. long and 2-3 cm. wide, from the basal
nodes of a short axillary axis (or the axis elongating 3-4 mm. and
producing a second and shorter pair of panicles from the next node) ;
panicles 3 times compound, usually with about 5 irregular nodes,
the lower branches up to 7- or 9-flowered; pedicels of the ultimate
branchlets none, or up to 2 mm. long; flowers sessile above the brac-
teoles, but the base of the hypanthium often narrowed into a pedicel-
like base; bracts and bracteoles linear, glabrous, deciduous before
anthesis, the former 2-4 mm. long, the latter 1-1.5 mm.; buds 2-2.5
mm. long, glabrous, roughened by the prominent glands, apiculate,
obovoid and usually attenuate at base; calyptra about one- third the
length of the bud; petals 2 or more, spatulate, erose, 1 mm. long and
nearly as wide; style 5 mm. long; stamens about 100, up to 6 mm.
long; fruit not seen. F.M. Neg. 23384.
Loreto: Timbuchi, Williams 1087. Manfinfa, Williams 1089.
Amazonian Brazil, Venezuela and Colombia.
Calyptranthes poeppigiana Berg, the type of which came from
Ega, Brazil (Poeppig, s.n., in herb. Wien), is indistinguishable from
C. multiflora except that the inflorescences are reduced to paired or
glomerate spikelike branches 1.5-3 cm. long. Dr. Rechinger kindly
made the type of C. poeppigiana available for my study, but I have
not seen any other specimens resembling it, and I suppose that it
represents an aberrant form of the relatively widespread C. multi-
flora. Univ. of Mich. Neg. 1018.
Calyptranthes paniculata R. & P. Fl. Peruv. Prodr. 74. t. 13.
1794. C. fragrans in herb. Ruiz, ex Berg, Linnaea 27: 20. 1855.
Tree to 30 meters high, completely glabrous or the vegetative
buds strigose with reddish fusiform dibrachiate hairs up to 0.5 mm.
long, and a few similar hairs persistent at the base and about the
nodes of the inflorescence; leaves elliptic to lance-ovate or ovate,
2.5-4 (-6.5) cm. wide, 8-12.5 cm. long, (2-) 2.5-3.2 times as long as
wide, bluntly short-acuminate, at base cuneate or sub-cuneate, or
occasionally somewhat rounded, the margins decurrent on the petiole
1.5 mm. thick, 7 mm. long; midvein broadly sulcate above, promi-
nent beneath; lateral veins very slender, about 12 (-15) pairs, ob-
scure above, slightly elevated beneath; marginal vein about equaling
the laterals and arched between them, 2-3 (-6) mm. from margin,
with an outer, very fine, submarginal vein beyond it; leaves in dry-
FLORA OF PERU 607
ing pale green or brown above, somewhat lustrous and impressed-
puncticulate, the lower surface greenish-brown, sparingly and mi-
nutely gland-dotted; inflorescence axillary, the axis tangentially
flattened, 2.5-3 mm. long and wide, the 2 flowering branches from
the lowest nodes, 8-10 cm. long, 3 to 4 times compound, many-
flowered, divaricately and irregularly branched, the peduncle terete
or nearly so, 1-1.5 mm. thick; branches alternate or opposite, the
nodes often enlarged, the ultimate branchlets divaricate or somewhat
reflexed, 2-10 mm. long, distally enlarged and bearing 1-3 sessile
terminal flowers; bracts deciduous at anthesis, ciliate, 1-1.5 mm.
long; buds 3-3.5 mm. long, obovoid or constricted about the mid-
dle, narrowed to the broad sessile base; calyptra about half as long
as the persistent hypanthium, broadly infundibuliform, 1.3-1.5 mm.
wide, with a conic apiculum 0.5 mm. long; hypanthium after dehis-
cence campanulate, 1.5-2 mm. across the orifice; fruit and flowers
unknown. F.M. Neg. 23387.
Huanuco: Pozuzo, Ruiz (type, in herb. Madrid?, not seen).
Rio Acre: near mouth of Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5258, 5487. Local-
ity uncertain: Ruiz (isotype of C. fragrans, herb. Geneva ex herb.
Berol. ex herb. Lambert); Ruiz 24/45 (herb. Chicago ex herb.
Madrid).
Calyptranthes plica ta McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 182. 1956.
A shrub 4.5 meters high, nearly glabrous except that the inflores-
cence is appressed-hirsutulous with rufous partly dibrachiate hairs
up to 0.6 mm. long, the petioles and the midveins on the lower sur-
face of the leaf puberulent; leaves large, sessile, obovate, 10-12 cm.
wide, 30-38 cm. long, 2.5-3 times as long as wide, short-acuminate,
narrowed to a width of 4-5 cm. near base and the margins there
broadly decurrent and plicate on the enlarged petiolar base which is
5 mm. thick on the lower surface; mid vein impressed or deeply sul-
cate above, prominent beneath; lateral veins 20-25 pairs, impressed-
above, prominent beneath; marginal vein about equaling the lat-
erals and but slightly arched between them, 2-4 mm. from the mar-
gin; upper surface of blade dull and obscurely impressed-punctate;
lower surface dull and probably paler, without apparent glands; in-
florescence a divaricately branched, 3 times compound, bracteate
panicle up to 7 cm. long, the panicle-branches very slender, up to
1.5 mm. in diameter, the nodes with conspicuous persistent divari-
cate boat-shaped attenuate bracts 2-3 mm. long (the lowest up to
1.5 mm. wide, 5 mm. long); flowers 50-100, mostly sessile in pairs
along the spikelike secondary branches of the panicle, or in 3's at
608 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
the tips of the branches; immature buds obovoid, 3.5 mm. long, the
calyptra pointed and somewhat apiculate, the hypanthium turbinate,
glabrous within, prolonged at least 1 mm. beyond the summit of the
ovary; stamens about 60; style not seen in buds examined; petals
none. A distinctive species, but unfortunately known only from
the type specimen, which includes a single inflorescence with half-
grown buds, and another, detached inflorescence with very much
younger, undeveloped buds.
Peru (probably). Amazonian Brazil (Amazonas, Mun. Sao Paulo
de Olivenca, Krukoff 8432, type).
Calyptranthes pulchella DC. Prodr. 3: 257. 1828.
A tree to 8 meters high, glabrous except the vegetative buds and
youngest branchlets strigose (usually very sparingly) with reddish
hairs up to 0.5 mm. long; branchlets 2-winged, the wings up to 0.5
mm. high, arising just above the axil at one node and terminating
between the leaf -bases at the node above, in an auricle-like prolonga-
tion 1-1.7 mm. long; leaves obovate or broadly elliptic, 1.5-3.3 cm.
wide, 2.5-6 cm. long, 1.5-2 times as long as wide, the apex rounded,
acute but blunt-tipped, or broadly and shortly acuminate, the base
acute or cuneate, the margins decurrent on the stout channeled peti-
ole 1 mm. thick, 2-3 mm. long; midvein sulcate and mostly impressed
above, prominent beneath; lateral veins very slender and scarcely
apparent, about 10-12 pairs with several intermediates; marginal
vein like the laterals, 0.5-1 mm. from the margin; leaves dull in dry-
ing, pale green and indistinctly impressed-puncticulate above, pale
brown and dotted with small dark glands beneath; inflorescence
axillary, the axis either abortive and 1 mm. long, or elongate and
leafy; flowering branches 2, 3-5.5 cm. long, opposite, arising from
the lowest nodes of the axis, filiform or very slender, terete at base,
gland-dotted, the peduncle distally enlarged and compressed, 2-2.5
cm. long, up to a little more than 1 mm. wide below the first node,
often more slender; flowers few, mostly 3-11, sessile on the axis and
at the tip or the lowest on lateral branches 3-6 mm. long; bracts and
bracteoles not seen; buds 4-7 mm. long, 2-3 mm. thick, oblong or
constricted above the middle, prominently gland-dotted and obconic
above the broadly sessile base, obtusely pointed and rounded or ob-
scurely apiculate, the calyptra urceolate, 2-3 mm. long; style gla-
brous, 6-8 mm. long (often with a subglobose small gall near the
middle, the gall caused by a member of the Cynipidae); stamens
about 125, up to 5-6 mm. long, the anthers 0.3 mm. long; fruit
globose, 8 mm. in diameter, thickly glandular-verruculose. The
FLORA OF PERU 609
Peruvian plant resembles the type of C. pulchella 5 parviflora Berg, in
Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1 : 516. 1859, namely Spruce's no. 2729 from near
Panure" on the Rio Vaupe"s. The type of C. pulchella var. pulchella,
a collection made by Martius in the State of Minas Geraes, has the
inflorescence and hypanthium sparsely red-strigose, but a compari-
son made at Munich in 1954 between this specimen and an isotype
of d parviflora indicates that these are conspecific. The Peruvian
specimens have larger buds than the plants collected by Martius and
Spruce; for notes on the varieties of this species see Mem. N. Y.
Bot. Card. 10: 76-77. 1958. F.M. Neg. 19897 (var. pulchella}.
Univ. of Mich. Neg. 1031 (var. parviflora).
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 1373. Timbuchi, Williams 959.
Southern Brazil; Amazonian lowlands, Brazil to Colombia.
Calyptranthes rufotomentosa McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29:
183. 1956.
A shrub, the inflorescence densely tomentose with dark reddish-
brown tangled hairs up to 1 mm. long; leaves glabrous, oblanceolate,
4-5 cm. wide, 15-21 cm. long, about 4 times as long as wide, nar-
rowly acuminate with blunt-pointed acumen, the margins attenuate
toward the base from above the middle, then abruptly narrowed and
passing into the ventral surface of the nearly terete, stout, dark gla-
brous petiole 3 mm. thick, 7 mm. long; midvein elevated above in a
flattened ridge or merely convex, elevated beneath its own thick-
ness; lateral veins 10-15 pairs, rather distant and without conspic-
ous intermediates, convex but not prominent above, more evident
beneath; marginal vein about equaling the laterals, nearly straight,
prominent beneath, 3-4 mm. from margin; blades dark and lustrous
above, and obscurely impressed-punctate, the lower surface dull and
paler; inflorescence (not seen attached) about 6 cm. long, 3 times
compound, about 50-flowered, the flowers clustered toward the tips
of the branches, sessile; bracts scarious, glabrous or glabrescent dor-
sally, the larger ones linguaeform, 3 mm. wide, 8 mm. long, subper-
sistent; buds probably 3-4 mm. long before opening; hypanthium in
open flowers urceolate, 4 mm. long, rounded at base, 3-3.5 mm.
across the mouth, glabrous within, produced 1.5 mm. beyond the
summit of the ovary; calyptra conic, apiculate, 1 mm. high, 1.5-2
mm. across; stamens about 75, 2 mm. long, the anthers 0.3 mm. long;
style not seen; petals 3(?), narrow and slender-pointed, 0.6 mm. wide,
1.7 mm. long.
Peru (probably). Amazonian Brazil (Amazonas, Sao Paulo de
Olivenca, Ducke 2240, type).
610 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Calyptranthes ruiziana Berg, Linnaea 27: 22. 1855.
Shrub or small tree to 5 meters high, the branchlets not or very
narrowly winged, the branchlets, inflorescence and vegetative buds
thinly covered with yellowish- or reddish-brown fusiform appressed
dibrachiate hairs mostly about 0.3 mm. long (up to 0.6 mm. long
or more, on leaf -bases) ; lower leaf-surfaces with few dark hairs and
usually with rather numerous persistent pale appressed hairs; leaves
elliptic, 2.5-4 cm. wide, 5.5-10 cm. long, 2-3 times as long as wide,
acuminate, the base acute, the margins cuneately decurrent on the
stout petiole 1-1.3 mm. thick, 6-7 mm. long; midvein sulcate above,
prominent beneath; lateral veins 12-15 pairs or apparently more
because of the numerous parallel intermediate veins, obscure above,
somewhat elevated but not very prominent beneath; marginal vein
about equaling the laterals and little arched between them, 0.7-2 mm.
from the margin; blades smooth and somewhat lustrous, green or
drying brown above, impressed-puncticulate but this often obscure
in mature leaves; lower surface yellow-green or whitish, obscurely or
apparently not at all dotted; inflorescence axillary, the axis tangen-
tially flattened, glabrous, 2 mm. wide, very short or up to 10 mm.
long; flowering branches 2, from the lowest nodes, 3 times compound,
many-flowered, (4-) 6-10 cm. long, the panicle 4-5 cm. wide at base,
the branches opposite or alternate, the flowers sessile, aggregated
toward the tips of the branches and mostly in 3- to 10-flowered
clusters, these short-pedunculate except the terminal; bracts decid-
uous before anthesis; buds 2-2.5 mm. long, obovate, shortly apicu-
late or nearly rounded at tip, the base obconic, strigose; hypanthium
after dehiscence campanulate, 1.5-1.7 mm. long, the orifice 1.3-1.7
mm. wide in flower and fruit; calyptra concave, 1.3-1.7 mm. wide;
style 4-4.5 mm. long; stamens about 60, up to 5 mm. long, the an-
thers about 0.3 mm. long; fruit globose or oblate, 4-6 mm. in diam-
eter, thickly gland-dotted, the hypanthium prolonged into a short
neck more than 1 mm. wide and nearly 1 mm. long.
Loreto: Along Rio Itaya, Williams 175. Along Rio Mazan near
Iquitos, Williams 8148. Without locality: Ruiz (type, in herb.
Berlin, not seen); Ruiz 5105 (probable isotype, herb. US ex herb.
Berlin ex herb. Lambert) .
Tentatively referred to this species, but with slightly larger,
nearly eglandular fruit, and narrower leaves, is Killip & Smith's
no. 29199, from San Lorenzo, Loreto, between mouths of Rio Pas-
taza and Rio Huallaga. A plant which will be found here in the key,
but perhaps represents another species, is Killip & Smith's no. 28293
FLORA OF PERU 611
(herb. NY), from between Yurimaguas and Balsapuerto, on the
lower Rio Huallaga. The leaves are up to 11 cm. wide and more
than 20 cm. long, with markedly impressed veins (including the
marginal and the 15 or more pairs of laterals). The lower panicle
branches are 5 cm. long. The calyptra is conic, apiculate, 1 mm.
long; fruit 6-7 mm. in diameter, with style 4.5 mm. long.
Calyptranthes sessilis McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 183. 1956.
A small shrub, glabrous except a few minute flat brownish hairs
at the base of the hypanthium; leaves ovate, cordate, sessile (the
broad compressed petiolar base up to 3 mm. long and wide), 4-7 cm.
wide, 9-12 cm. long, 1.8-2.5 times as long as wide; blades acuminate,
the acumen rounded at very tip; midvein prominent beneath, im-
pressed above; lateral veins about 15 pairs, impressed above; mar-
ginal vein impressed above, about equaling the laterals and arched
between them, 3-6 mm. from the margin, and with a smaller vein
parallel to it and between it and the margin; leaves dull in drying,
the upper surface obscurely glandular at maturity, the lower more
plainly gland-dotted; inflorescence axillary or falsely terminal, con-
sisting of paired narrow panicles 6 cm. long, these opposite and aris-
ing from the two sides of a primordium in the axil of each of the
terminal leaves; panicles sometimes bracteate at base, the bracts
lanceolate, keeled, 3 mm. wide, 6 mm. long; peduncle 2-3 cm. long,
somewhat compressed and 1.7 mm. wide below the first node; nodes
about 5, somewhat irregular, the lower ones bearing paired pedicel-
late clusters of 3 flowers each, or all nodes with the pedicels 1-flow-
ered and opposite or subopposite; bracteoles and bracts (except the
basal) not seen; flowers sessile, or on stout pedicels up to 2 mm. long,
0.5 mm. thick; buds fusiform, 6-7 mm. long and 2 mm. thick, taper-
ing about equally to the slender hypanthium and the cylindrical apex,
or somewhat abruptly contracted into the beak; operculum 4-4.5
mm. long; petals none; style 8.5 mm. long; stamens 60-75, about
8 mm. long; anthers broadly elliptic, about 1 mm. long; fruit globose,
7 mm. thick; seed 6 mm. long, the radicle about half as long, com-
pressed to one side of the cotyledons. Calyptranthes spruceana Berg,
in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1: 45. 1857, based on Spruce 1551 from the
lower Rio Negro, is very similar. In that species, however, the buds
are said to be globose and 5 mm. in diameter, the leaves are obtusely
rounded at the tips, the veins are not impressed on the upper sur-
face, and the fruits are more clustered near the tips of the inflores-
cence. Univ. of Mich. Neg. 446.
612 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Loreto: Yurimaguas, Williams 4583 (F, type); Killip & Smith
27603.
Calyptranthes Simula ta McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 184.
1956.
Shrub or tree to 9 meters high, the inflorescence [and probably
the vegetative buds and young leaves and branchlets] with a thin
covering of flat fusiform yellowish T brown appressed hairs mostly
about 0.2-0.3 mm. long, a few similar hairs persisting on the lower
leaf-surface; leaves ovate or lanceolate, 3.5-6 cm. wide and 9-15 cm.
long, or on vigorous branches 7-8 cm. wide, 18-25 cm. long, all 2.5-
3 (-3.6) times as long as wide, somewhat narrowed toward the apex
from the middle or below and prominently triangular-acuminate,
gradually rounded to the subcuneate base, the margins decurrent on
the stout dark petiole 1.5-2.5 mm. thick, 7-12 mm. long; midvein
broadly sulcate above, prominent beneath; lateral veins 20-25 or
more pairs in addition to several intermediate ones, all slender,
slightly raised on both surfaces, prominulous beneath; marginal vein
similar to the laterals and arched between them, 2-3 (-5) mm. from
margin, a very fine submarginal vein visible beyond it; blades dry-
ing green, the upper surface smooth and impressed-puncticulate, the
lower yellow-green, dull, finely dark-dotted; inflorescence axillary,
the short axis much flattened tangentially, up to 3 mm. wide and
about 4 mm. long, the paired flowering branches from the lowest
node, 6-11 cm. long, the peduncle 1.5-2 (-4) cm. long, somewhat
angled or compressed, 1.5-2 mm. wide below the first node; panicle
narrow, or broader and loosely many-flowered, 3 to 4 times com-
pound, the lower branches up to 3-5 cm. long; flowers numerous,
sessile, mostly in 3's on short peduncles along the branches and near
the tips; branches opposite or mostly alternate; bracts deciduous
before anthesis; buds 2-2.5 mm. long, obovoid, turbinate and more
or less rufous-strigose near base, and often arachnoid-whitened as
well, the apex rounded or shortly apiculate; hypanthium after de-
hiscence broadly campanulate, 1.3-1.5 mm. long, the orifice about
1.5 mm. wide; calyptra explanate, 1.3-2 mm. wide; style 5-6 mm.
long or a little less; stamens 40-50, 4-6 mm. long, the anthers 0.3 mm.
long. This species is known only from specimens in which the flow-
ering branches are borne in the terminal axils of the twigs, on old
wood or what appears to have been a vigorous shoot of the preced-
ing season. The normal size and shape of the leaves on average
twigs cannot be determined with certainty, nor can the winged or
non-winged condition of the young branchlets be ascertained. It is
FLORA OF PERU 613
possible that this plant is conspecific with Calyptranthes tessmannii,
which it resembles in many respects. From the specimens at hand,
however, the two are abundantly separable by many characters.
Loreto:'lquitos, Aug. 2-8, 1929, Killip & Smith 26916, 27352.
Iquitos, Tessmann 5372 (G); Peru-Colombia boundary, forest near
Rio Putumayo, Sept. 26-Oct. 10, 1930, G. King 1614 (MICH, type).
A collection from Tarapoto, San Martin, Williams 6539, is prob-
ably the same species; it bears immature globose or oblate fruit about
1 cm. in diameter; the pubescence is exactly that of C. simulata and
the leaves are very like those of that species except that the lateral
veins are hardly more than 15 pairs; the fertile axis is continuous
and leafy and the flowering branch is lateral from its base.
Calyptranthes speciosa Sagot, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 6, 20: 187.
1885, var. gigantifolia (McVaugh) McVaugh, Mem. N. Y. Bot.
Card. 10: 79. 1958. C. gigantifolia McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29:
181. 1956.
Tree up to 20 meters high, the inflorescence densely appressed
pubescent with coarse rufous mostly dibrachiate hairs up to 0.5 mm.
long, the leaves glabrous or pubescent beneath especially when young
with a few pale flaccid hairs or with a few dibrachiate hairs inter-
mixed; leaves elliptic or oblong, 6-15 cm. wide, 14-38 cm. long, 2.5-4
times as long as wide, rather abruptly narrowed at both ends, the
tip narrowly acuminate, the base rounded and the margins decur-
rent on the stout petiole 8-12 mm. long, 1.5-3.5 mm. thick; mid vein
and usually the marginal vein impressed above, all veins prominent
beneath; lateral veins 20-30 pairs; marginal vein continuous, about
equaling the laterals and somewhat arched between them, 2-4 mm.
from the nearly plane margin, usually with a smaller outer vein be-
yond it; leaves often browning in drying, the upper surface smooth,
sparingly and often obscurely impressed-puncticulate, the lower sur-
face gland-dotted; inflorescence axillary and usually 4 times com-
pound, often appearing supra-axillary when the central axis elongates
and becomes leafy, or terminal when no more than one axillary bud
develops at a terminal node; basal and longest branches of the pan-
icle 3 times compound, 6-10 cm. long with up to 100 flowers, divari-
cately branched, the branches compressed and up to 2 mm. wide
below the nodes; buds 3-5 mm. long, sessile, obovate, rounded or
obscurely apiculate at tips, clustered near the tips of the branchlets;
calyptra about half as high as the persistent hypanthium; bracts and
bracteoles mostly deciduous before anthesis, lanceolate to ovate,
1-2.5 mm. long or the lowest bracts persistent, foliaceous, ovate,
614 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
1.5 cm. long, 6-8 mm. wide; style apparently defective in all flowers
seen, 1-1.5 mm. long; stamens 150-175, about 5 mm. long, cream-
color or golden-yellow (Klug), the anthers about 0.5 mm. long; fruit
globose, not seen mature, but by analogy with related species prob-
ably 8-10 mm. in diameter. Colombian specimens collected by
Mutis (nos. 1940, 2234, 2951, 3961, and 5754) appear to belong to
this variety also. Also closely related is Calyptranthes macrophylla
Berg, based on Poeppig 2739, from Ega, Brazil. This latter species,
however, differs markedly in leaf-characters: its leaves are more
coriaceous, acute rather than acuminate, less prominently veined;
the marginal vein is close to the margin and not impressed above;
the lower surface is densely pubescent with minute appressed pale
hairs and with numerous dibrachiate hairs intermixed. In this last
respect C. macrophylla agrees precisely with C. speciosa var. speciosa
of the Guianas. C. gigantifolia is scarcely distinguishable from typ-
ical C. speciosa and surely does not merit recognition as a distinct
species. Its leaves are glabrous or nearly so beneath (densely and
finely pubescent, as noted above, in C. speciosa) ; the midvein is im-
pressed on the upper surface (in C. speciosa sometimes impressed but
more often plane or convex) ; the marginal vein lies 2-4 mm. from the
margin (as against usually less than 1 mm. in C. speciosa) ; the flowers
in C. gigantifolia appear to be somewhat larger than those of C. speci-
osa and with more numerous stamens (150-175 as against 80), but
seem otherwise indistinguishable. The inflorescence in the two
plants, with its somewhat unusual supernumerary branches, appears
to be identical. Univ. of Mich. Neg. 486.
San Martin: Juanjui, Klug 4277 (US, type). Loreto: Florida,
Klug 2332, 2347. Bolivia, Amazonian Colombia.
Calyptranthes tessmannii Burret, in herb., ex McVaugh,
Fieldiana Bot. 29: 184. 1956.
A shrub or tree, the branchlets and vegetative buds, inflorescence
and petioles loosely appressed pubescent with yellow-brown fusi-
form dibrachiate hairs up to 0.5 mm. long, a few hairs persisting
on the lower surface of the leaves, especially on the mid veins; branch-
lets narrowly wing-angled, the wings arising above the axil at one
node and terminating between the leaf-bases at the node above, the
terminal auricle wider than the wing, up to 0.5 mm. wide, 1.7-2.5
mm. long; leaves elliptic, 3-4.5 cm. wide, 8-11.5 cm. long, about 2.5
times as long as wide, nearly equally rounded to both ends, the tip
abruptly and caudately acuminate, the acumen 3 mm. wide at base,
1.3-2.5 cm. long; base of blade acute or slightly rounded, the mar-
FLORA OF PERU 615
gins cuneately decurrent on the stout petiole 1-1.5 mm. thick, 8-10
mm. long; mid vein impressed above, prominent beneath; lateral
veins about 15 pairs, slightly elevated on both surfaces, prominu-
lous beneath; marginal vein about equaling the laterals and arched
between them, prominulous beneath, 1-2.5 mm. from margin, with
a faint submarginal vein sometimes discernible beyond it; blades
dark or dull green above, smooth and impressed-punctate, the lower
surface paler, yellowish-green, dotted with small glands; fertile
branches leafy, axillary, the primary axis 5 mm. long or less, tan-
gentially much flattened, 3 mm. wide below the first node, from
which arise the 2 opposite narrow panicles 5-10 cm. long and up to
2.5 cm. wide at base; peduncle 2-3.5 cm. long, somewhat com-
pressed, 1.5-2.5 mm. wide below the first node; lower branches
about 1.5 cm. long, 10-flowered, the branches from the upper nodes
shorter, often alternate, the flowers sessile, fewer, in short-peduncu-
late clusters; bracts narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, 3 mm. long,
partly persistent until anthesis; buds 3-3.5 mm. long, fusiform, ap-
pressed brown-hairy, the narrow apiculate tip 1 mm. long (up to
2 mm. on the calyptra after dehiscence) ; calyptra about 2 mm. wide,
the hypanthium after dehiscence broadly infundibuliform or cam-
panulate, less than 2 mm. long; style 6 mm. long; stamens about 50,
as long as the style, attached about at the line of dehiscence and
falling almost with the calyptra; anthers about 0.3 mm. long.
F.M. Neg. 23395.
Loreto: Stromgebiet des Maranon von Iquitos aufwarts bis zur
Santiago-Miindung am Pongo de Manseriche, ca. 77 30' west, G.
Tessmann 4832 in 1924 (G, type).
Calyptranthes tridymantha Diels, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb.
48: 188. 1907.
Shrub 3-9 meters high, loosely tomentose on the young branch-
lets and vegetative buds and inflorescence, with golden-yellow di-
brachiate hairs up to more than 1 mm. long, the basal stalk of the
hair erect and often as long as the spreading or ascending branches;
mature leaves often with a few hairs persisting beneath; branchlets
narrowly 2-winged, the wing up to 0.5 mm. wide, arising above the
axil at one node and terminating between the leaf-bases at the node
above, in an auricle-like prolongation 2 mm. long; leaves elliptic,
ovate, or occasionally obovate, 2-3.5 cm. wide, 3-5.5 cm. long, 1.8-
2.4 times as long as wide, the apex rounded to obscurely and bluntly
acuminate, the base rounded, or somewhat narrowed from below
the middle and abruptly contracted to the very base, the margins
616 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
shortly decurrent on the petiole 1-1.5 mm. thick, 2-2.5 mm. long;
midvein impressed above, prominent beneath; lateral veins 10-12
pairs, slightly elevated and visible on both sides, but very slender
and with numerous intermediate veins nearly the same size; mar-
ginal vein distinctly double, the inner about equaling the laterals
and slightly arched between them, 1-1.5 mm. from margin; leaves
dull green and obscurely or not at all impressed-puncticulate above,
pale brown beneath, the glands not or scarcely apparent; inflores-
cence axillary, the axis abortive, the flowering branches 2, 3-5 cm.
long, each few- (about 9-) flowered, opposite from the lowest nodes,
tomentose and very minutely gland-dotted, the peduncle 2-2.5 cm.
long, slightly compressed distally and about 1 mm. wide near sum-
mit; lateral secondary branches usually a single pair, 6-20 mm. long;
flowers sessile, in terminal triads; bracts deciduous before anthesis,
subfoliaceous, less than 1 cm. long; bracteoles not seen; buds prob-
ably about 5 mm. long, shortly apiculate; calyptriform calyx [i.e.,
the calyptra?] 2-2.5 mm. across (Diels); style longer than the sta-
mens; stamens 6 mm. long, white (Diels) ; petals none. A distinctive
species by virtue of the golden-yellow tomentum of erect, stalked
and branched hairs. F.M. Neg. 23396.
Rio Acre: Near mouth of Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5549. Ama-
zonian Brazil.
3. MYRCIA DC.
Reference: Berg, Linnaea 27: 35-80, 82-129. 1855-1856; and in
Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1: 59-143, 150-210. 1857.
Calyx-lobes 5 (rarely 4), distinct and imbricated in bud and in
flower, and usually persistent on the fruit; hypanthium variously or
not at all prolonged beyond the summit of the ovary. Petals usu-
ally 5, often half as long as the stamens or longer, and conspicuous.
Inflorescence-axis usually prolonged, with several pairs of lateral
branches.
A large genus of tropical America; Myrcia DC. and Aulomyrcia
Berg, according to Berg, together comprised more than 400 species.
The supposed distinction between these two groups lies in the hypan-
thium, which in Myrcia is described as "scarcely produced beyond
the ovary, and constricted beneath the calyx," and in Aulomyrcia
is described as "strongly produced beyond the ovary, but not con-
stricted beneath the calyx." Although numerous species can be
assigned to one genus or the other on the basis of this character,
it seems quite impossible to apply the character generally because
FLORA OF PERU 617
various other species occupy positions intermediate between the ex-
tremes, and the placement of a given species in Myrcia rather than
Aulomyrcia, or the reverse, can hardly be made objectively. I have
therefore followed Bentham, in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. 1: 716.
1865; Kiaerskou, Enum. Myrt. Bras. 63. 1893; and Urban, Bot.
Jahrb. 19: 577-582. 1895, in relegating Aulomyrcia to synonymy.
Leaves sessile, cordate.
Leaves ovate, 13-17 cm. wide, 1.7-2 times as long as wide, the
veins impressed above; inflorescence decompound, stout, 20
cm. long or more; buds 7 mm. long or more; northeastern
Peru (Loreto) M. obumbrans
Leaves lanceolate, 3.5-5 cm. wide, 2.5^4 times as long as wide,
the lateral veins not impressed above; inflorescence few-
flowered, 4-7 cm. long; buds 4-6 mm. long; northern Bolivia
(La Paz) M. connata
Leaves definitely petiolate, cuneate or rounded at base or occasion-
ally subcordate.
Inflorescence at anthesis (and usually in fruit) conspicuously
bracteate, the bracts ovate, pointed, 6-12 mm. long; calyx-
lobes 2.5-6 mm. long, lanceolate or ovate, much longer than
wide; branchlets long-hirsute.
Hairs of branchlets reddish-brown, up to 3.5 mm. long; calyx-
lobes 4, the larger ones 6 mm. long M. huallagae
Hairs of branchlets yellowish-brown, up to 2 mm. long; calyx-
lobes 5, rarely 4, the larger ones 2.5-4 mm. long.
M . bracteata
Inflorescence with small inconspicuous bracts which are deciduous
before the flowers open or occasionally at least in part per-
sistent; calyx-lobes 3 mm. long or usually less, rounded to
sub-truncate or triangular, mostly as wide as, or wider than,
long; branchlets various.
Leaves 2.5-7 cm. long, narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, mostly
5-6 times as long as wide, blunt- tipped M. salicifolia
Leaves broader, usually larger and not more than 3 times as
long as wide, if narrow and elongate the tips acuminate or
narrowly acute.
Summit of the ovary, and interior of the prolonged and cup-
like hypanthium, glabrous; fruit usually globose, 5-6 mm.
in diameter.
618 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
Outer surface of the hypanthium glabrous, the branches of
the inflorescence glabrous or sparingly pubescent.
Leaves small, less than 3 cm. long, elliptic to obovate,
rounded to blunt-pointed at tip, mostly cuneate at
base; inflorescence 3-4 cm. long, often exceeding the
leaves; flowers mostly 11 or fewer. . .M. myrtillifolia
Leaves mostly 4-10 cm. long, elliptic or ovate, rarely
obovate; inflorescence larger, if as little as 5 cm.
long then equaling or shorter than the leaves;
flowers usually more numerous.
Pubescen 
