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FLORA OF PERU
BY
J. Francis Macbride
CURATOR, PERUVIAN BOTANY
BOTANICAL SERIES
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
VOLUME XIII, PART IIIA, NUMBER 2
DECEMBER 21, 1966
PUBUCATION 808
NAi
MIS
FLORA OF PERU
BY
J. Francis Macbride
CURATOR, PERUVIAN BOTANY
BOTANICAL SERIES
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
VOLUME XIII, PART IIU, NUMBER 2
DECEMBER 21, 1966
PUBUCATION 808
tlfT i:3RARY OF TV--
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BY CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PRESS
FLORA OF PERU
J. Francis Macbride
SAPINDACEAE. Soapberry Family
Reference: L. Radlkofer, Sapindaceae, Pflanzenreich IV. 165.
1931-34.
Plants usually ligneous, sometimes trees, often lianas, less fre-
quently herbaceous vines, ordinarily with tendrils and alternate
commonly compound leaves, those of the climbing genera often
stipulate. Flowers pseudo-polygamous or unisexual, regular or
irregular, bracteate and bracteolate in cincinni disposed in racemi-
form or paniculate inflorescences, generally small with 4-5 (rarely
none) often more or less connate usually imbricate sepals and 3-5
(or none) imbricate petals that not rarely are squamate or barbate
within. Disk annular, regular or unilateral between the petals and
the stems, sometimes obscure. Stamens 8 (5-10 or more), the
filaments filiform, the 2-celled anthers usually introrse. Ovary
ordinarily 3-celled and 3-lobed, sometimes 2-celled, with simple or
divided styles and 1-2 or rarely more anatropous ovules in each cell
affixed to the axis. Fruits capsular or drupaceous, variously de-
hiscent or indehiscent, often consisting of 2-3 samaras. Seeds
without endosp)erm sometimes with a fleshy aril. — In the following
compilation the more generic term panicle has been used to include
reference to the frequently thyrsoid inflorescence in order to avoid
the awkward English plural of thyrsus. As defined by the mono-
grapher the species of some genera are highly critical; some, dis-
tinguished primarily by presence or absence of papillosity or hypo-
derma, are especially open to question as suggested by Radlkofer
himself who now and then qualifies the characters, if not in his key,
often in his descriptions; equally tenuous are a number of other
distinctions, particularly those pertaining to the leaves which pre-
sumably mark specific lines but more likely point up the variations
or instability or both of a few entities that maintain fairly constant
populations but produce plenty of aberrations. It is my feeling too
that the high proportion of incompletely known species explains
in part the difficult (from a practical standpoint) taxonomy, devised
largely by the monographer and notable as basically sound, clearly
organized and meticulously presented.
291
292 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. XIII
The Litchi Tree (Litchi chinensis Sonnerat) indigenous to China
and one of the most ancient of cultivated plants is also one of the
best known members of this world-wide family because of its nut-
like subglobose bright red clustered fruits, their papery warty shells
drying brown and enclosing a pulp-surrounded seed. Perhaps also
in cultivation is the Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.), similar
but the brittle shell of the fruit covered with long soft processes.
The allied but native South American Mamoncillo or Genip (Meli-
cocca hijuga L.) has granulate-shelled plum-shaped fruits, the single
seed (edible when roasted) enclosed in a sweetish gelatinous pulp.
All these trees are in general related to the Peruvian Talisias and
illustrated, Chicago Nat. Hist. Mus. Pop. Ser. 26, and elsewhere.
Probably also in cultivation but primarily only for ornament
is the African Akee (Blighia sapida Koenig), a great tree with
beautiful pinnate foliage and large almost bizarre fruits ripening
red and yellow and opening into three parts each filled with lustrous
white or yellowish tissue (cooked when ripe but dangerous unless
taken at exactly the right stage) surrounding the large black poison-
ous seed.
Scandent plants, often with tendrils.
Calyx with 4-5 imbricate sepals, the two upper connate or the
outer smaller; leaflets rarely only 3.
Fruit a samara, usually 3 together; stems often rigid-ligneous
even above 1. Serjania.
Fruit often alate dorsally, never samaroid.
Fruit firm, capsular; stems ligneous even above . . 2. Paullinia.
Fruit membranous; stems rather herbaceous above.
Fruits little inflated, alate; leaflets 3 3. Urvillea.
FVuits inflated, not alate; leaflets several.
4. Cardiospermum.
Calyx 5-parted or -lobed, the equal segments valvate or sub-
imbricate; leaflets always 3.
Calyx cupulate, the lobes subimbricate; flowers pseudo-um-
bellate 5. Thinouia.
Calyx lobes valvate; flowers pseudo-racemose. . .6. Allosanthus.
Erect shrubs or trees.
Leaves compound (sometimes by reduction 1-f oliolate) .
Leaves 3-foliolate or the lateral leaflets rarely wanting.
7. Allophylus.
Flora of Peru 293
Leaves pinnate (or leaflets only 3 but pinnately disposed in one
Talisia) or bipinnate.
Leaves bipinnate 12. Dilodendron.
Leaves pinnate.
Fruits rather samaroid, the cells inflated (Peru); sepals
rounded, tomentose; leaflets entire.
10. Porocystis. 9. ToiUicia.
Fruits not samaroid; petals normally 5 (rarely 4 or more
than 5).
Calyx divisions free, broadly imbricate.
Leaflets entire; fruits indehiscent, usually glabrous or
puberulent.
Fruits not granular, usually 3-coccic; sepals petal-
oid; leaf rachis often winged 8. Sapindus.
Fruits granular, usually 1-celled; sepals subcori-
aceous; rachis emarginate 11. Talisia.
Leaflets serrate, unless C. scrobiculata; fruits capsular,
dehiscent 13. Cupania.
Calyx cupulate, 5-lobed; leaflets entire (Peru); capsules
dehiscent 14. Maiayba.
Leaves mostly simple; fruit a 3-lobed capsule 15. Llagunoa.
Leaves all simple; fruit a winged capsule 16. Dodonaea.
1. SERJANIA [Plum.] Schum.
Shrubs scandent by axillary or p>eduncular tendrils, the leaves
usually bitemate, often pellucid punctate, the stipules minute or
none. Flowers irregular, rather small in axillary racemes or panicles
with 4-5 persisting sepals, 2 sometimes more or less united, outer
2 smaller, the inner petaloid, and 4 petals, the scales of the lower 2
apically appendaged. Disk glands 4 or the 2 smaller ones some-
times obscure. Style 3-lobed. Fruit 3 samaras, broadly winged
toward the base, united along the axis and with indehiscent seed
cells at the apex, the seed aril small. — Secondary wood often com-
posite (abnormal) with 3-5 or 8-10 additional wood columns.
The fruit, while partly diagnostic, is incompletely known for many
Peruvian species, and much herbarium material is only in flower;
the following key therefore has been devised to lead (usually without
fruiting character) perhaps at least to some of the more commonly
encountered species.
294 Field Museum of Natural History— Botany, Vol. XIII
Leaves all simply 5-foliolate, the lower pair of leaflets undivided, or
3-foliolate.
Leaflets 5.
Petioles and rachis wing-margined S. dibotrya.
Petioles and rachis emarginate.
Leaflets rounded-obtuse or -retuse; inflorescences narrow.
S. elongaia.
Leaflets usually with short obtuse acumen; inflorescences
often panicled S. grandifolia.
Leaflets 3 S. grammatophora.
Leaves more compound; rachis rarely wing-margined (S. deltoidea).
Leaves all or mostly with only one pair of ternate or subternate
leaflets or obviously pubescent as S. longistipula; see page 298.
Indument of leaves (at least one side) or of stems conspicuous,
dense, usually in age and flowers large (4.5-6 mm. long);
fruit cells (known) often more or less compressed.
Branches slender, long-hispid; leaflets entire; wood simple.
S. altissima.
Branches slender, strigillose or glabrate as the green mem-
branous leaflets; wood composite.
S. communis var., S. dumicola.
Branches stout, soon 4 (3) -6 mm. thick, usually, as the firm
leaflets beneath, densely short-tomentose or hirsutulous.
Indument of branchlets short-hirsutulous; stipules ovate;
leaves biternate (Peru) S. diffusa.
Indument of branchlets in type sparse, lax or in var, dense;
stipules linear-subulate, leaves imparipinnate.
S. longistipula.
Indument at least of branchlets closely tomentose; stipules
ovate or "lanceolate-subulate" (S. mollis); leaves
biternate.
Wood composite; epidermis typically lacking mucus.
Panicles solitary or the upper panicled.
Terminal leaflets long-petiolulate (type); pedicels
2 mm. long S. mollis.
Terminal leaflets shortly petiolulate or subsessile
(type); pedicels to 5 mm. long. .S. sufferuginea.
Panicles paniculately congested (imperfectly known);
leaflets all subsessile S. peruviana.
Flora of Peru 295
Wood simple; epidermis containing mucus (as to tjrpes;
cp. following with S. mollis).
Fruit cells alulate; branches scarcely striate (type).
S. aluligera.
Fruit cells merely callose; branches lightly sulcate
(type) S. caUigera.
Indument never conspicuous unless in inflorescence; fruit cells
(known) more or less inflated except S. communis, S. in-
scripta, S. leptocarpa.
Flowers small, 2-3 (3.5) mm. long; sepals equally puberulent
and wood composite unless in the last four species and
S. rubicaulis with exception of S. pyramidata.
Leaflets coarsely serrate medially or nearly to base.
Upper stems soon glabra te; leaflets serrate, often below
middle.
Serrations subduplicate, approximate from below the
middle S. tenuifolia.
Serrations simple, irregular, remote, mostly from
middle S. memhranacea.
Upper stems short-hirsutulous; leaflets serrate only
above middle S. rufa.
Leaflets entire, subentire or serrations obtuse, rounded,
remote, few, or stems usually prickly.
Branches deeply 5-sulcate, more or less prickly; wood
simple S. rubicaulis.
Branches striate or lightly 8-sulcate, smooth; wood com-
posite except as noted above.
Leaflets ample, even the lateral usually several cm.
wide.
Leaflets remotely obtusely serrate, often slightly
pubescent.
Serrations coarse; fruit wings diaphanous, cells
lightly nerved S. memhranacea.
Serrations small or obscure; fruit wings firm-
membranous, cells deeply nerved.
Leaflets acute or acutely acuminate; wood
simple S. exarata.
Leaflets obtusely short-acuminate; wood com-
posite S. pyramidata.
296 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. XIII
Leaflets entire or bidentate near obtuse acumen,
quite glabrous S. grandifolia.
Leaflets small, even the terminal rarely wider than
3 cm.
Leaflets subequal, all remotely serrulate above the
middle S. trirostris.
Leaflets obviously unequal, all entire or subentire.
Lateral leaflets subrotund, 2,5 X 2 cm., all
a little puberulent S. subrotundifolia.
Lateral leaflets subelliptic, 10 X 4-5 mm., all
glabrous except nerves S. Killipii.
Flowers large (for genus) normally at least 4 mm. long; sepals
in part soon glabrate or greenish or the leaflets entire or
obtusely few-dentate; wood simple only in S. exarata.
Sepals equally cinereous or fulvous puberulent except S.
caracasana and possibly forms of S. communis; leaflets
often entire or obtusely few-dentate.
Leaflets oblong-lanceolate, usually at least three times
longer than wide S. lethalis.
Leaflets ovate- or oblong-elliptic, often about twice lon-
ger than wide.
Leaflets (lateral) obtuse or obtusely acuminate, quite
glabrous (Peru) as outer sepals . . . .S. caracasana.
Leaflets acute or acutish, often a little pubescent as
outer sepals.
Stem angles, at least in part, very acute or even
winged.
Leaves subcoriaceous, lustrous; petioles often in
part margined; outer wood bodies triangular.
S. lethalis, S. paucidentata.
Leaves submembranous, often dull; petioles
emarginate; outer wood bodies lamellate.
S. nutans.
Stems 5-6-striate-angled; branches (early) as in-
florescence reddish-puberulent; petioles in part
margined S. inscripta.
Sepals, at least in part, soon glabrate, greenish (unless S.
glahrata, S. exarata); leaflets, usually at least lateral,
acutely, angulately, irregularly or coarsely serrate
Flora of Peru 297
often below the middle; wood compKjsite except S.
exarata.
Leaflets, unless the terminal, obtuse, glabrous (Peru)
as outer sepals S. caracasana.
Leaflets usually acute and as the outer sepals most often
slightly puberulent at least on nerves.
Fruit cells subcompressed, cristate; petioles emargin-
ate; leaflets unequal or dissimilar.
Leaflets remotely few-dentate or subentire.
Flowers roseate; leaflets pilosulous beneath,
similar S. leptocarpa.
Flowers yellowish; leaflets glabrate, diverse (var).
S. inscripta.
Leaflets repand-dentate at least to middle.
S. Alsmitkii.
Fruit cells subglobose; lateral leaflets often smaller
than terminal but rarely diverse; petioles ob-
scurely or not margined.
Leaflets lanceolate to somewhat ovate-lanceolate, to
about 3 cm. wide; upper stems 2-3.5 mm. thick;
fruit cells lightly nerved.
Petioles emarginate; leaflets small, ovate-lance-
olate.
Third and fifth sepals connate; stipules about
ovate S. communis.
Third and fifth sepals free; stipules subulate.
S. dumicola.
Petioles in part margined; leaflets narrowed at
each end S. sphaerococca.
Leaflets usually broadly ovate, often several cm.
wide; upper stems soon 4-5 mm. thick; fruit
cells deeply nerved.
Wood composite; petioles emarginate; leaflets
ample S. glabrata.
Wood simple; petioles in part submarginate;
leaflets 3.5 cm. wide (type) S. exarata.
Fruit cells inflated; petioles in part margined; leaflets
dissimilar, the much smaller lateral often sub-
lobulate-dentate S. inflata.
298 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. XIII
Leaves usually imparipinnate, all or mostly with more than 1 pair
of ternate or subtemate leaflets, their divisions often only
1-2 cm, wide (cf. also the pubescent S. longistipula and
a doubtful specimen of S. diffusa might be sought here).
Lower pair of leaflets mostly 5-foliolate or pinnate; wood
abnormal except S. striolata; flowers 3.5 (3) -6 mm. long,
except S. deltoidea, unopened in S. striolata.
Leaf rachis wing-margined; fruit cells distended . . S. deltoidea.
Leaf rachis obscurely or not margined; fruit cells subinflated.
Leaflet divisions mostly or all about 1 (-1.5) cm. wide;
flowers large.
Inflorescences subspiciform; peripheric wood columns 5;
northern species S. brachyptera.
Inflorescences rather lax; peripheric wood columns 1-2;
southern species S. platypetala, S. squarrosa.
Leaflet divisions mostly or all about 2 cm. wide; flower
buds small; wood normal S. striolata.
Lower pair of leaflets merely ternate; wood normal except S.
parvifolia; fruit cells more or less compressed.
Leaflet divisions mostly about 2 cm. wide; flowers 3.5 (3)
-6 mm. long.
Ultimate leaf divisions rather oblong-elliptic; young fruit
and sepals (type) glabrous or nearly . . S. fuscostriata.
Ultimate leaf divisions obliquely obovate; fruit and inner
sepals puberulent S. striata.
Leaflet divisions mostly 1-1.5 cm. wide; flowers 2-2.5 mm.
long.
Leaves glabrous or nearly, lacking mucus; wood normal.
S. oxyphylla.
Leaves barbate in axils and lightly pubescent; wood
abnormal S. parvifolia.
Serjania Alsmithii Macbr., sp. nov.
Scandens, fruticosa; rami 5-angulares inter angulos mediocriter
canaliculati, juniores undique, adultiores ad angulos hirtelli; corpus
lignosum minus durum, compositum e centrali magno pentagono
cavitate medullari sat larga percoso et periphericis parvis angulis
centralis superpositis; foliis bitematis; petiolis canaliculato-striatis;
foliolis minutissime denseque pellucido-punctatis chartaceo-mem-
Flora of Peru 299
branaceis utrinque glabris vel in nervis supra obscure sparseque
hirtellis paullo nitidulis subtus pallidioribus oblongo- vel ovato-
ellipticis acutis, mucronatis, basi plus minusve attenuatis, sub-
petiolulatis, repando-dentatis, plerumque 6-7 cm. longis, 3^ latis,
lateralibus paullo minoribus; thyrsi solitarii laxe cincinnigeri,
cincinni breviter stipitati, pedunculo rachique tenere puberulis,
pedicellis fructiferis circa 4 mm. longis; floribus vix notatis ut
videtur 4-4.5 nmi. longis, sepalis subglabris circa 3 mm. longis. —
Fructus fere ovatus, glaber, valde compressus 3 cm. longus infra
medium circa 3 cm. latus basi et apice vix excisi infra loculos vix
constricti, alis paullo dilatatis.
Distributed as S. tenuifolia which it resembles considerably in
foliage but apparently it is rather a member of another section of
the genus, probably section Platycoccus Radlk. at least sens. lat.
It accordingly requires another name for purpose of cataloguing
in this work and, if it does not prove to be extra-Peruvian may
honor in the same group with S. Killipii the famous "botanical
brothers," to use the happy term of Croizat.
Loreto: Subligneous vine; fruit pinkish red, Yurimaguas, Killip
& Smith 28301, type.
Serjania altissma (Poepp. & Endl.) Radlk. Monogr. Serj. 251.
1875: 72. Cardiospermum aUissimum Poepp. & Endl. Nov. (Jen.
& Sp. 3: 38. 1844.
Scandent, suffruticose, the deeply 5-sulcate-costate branches
3.5 mm. thick and somewhat pilose-glandular as also setulose with
rusty spreading trichomes 3-3.5 mm. long, this sort of pubescence
in some degree extending to the inflorescence (this more glandular)
and the leaves, these glabrate in age; ligneous structure simple,
notably costate, in cross section sinuate or crenate-lobed ; stipules
subulate-linear, to 6 mm. long, setose, the petioles sparsely so,
8 cm. long, the intermediate ones 5, the lateral 1.5 cm., all striate-
sulcate; leaves bitemate, often 22 cm. long, 20 cm. wide, mem-
branous, brownish, paler beneath, rather to very obscurely pellucid-
punctate, epidermis containing mucus, above sparsely or scarcely,
beneath early more or less densely puberulent especially on nerves
and somewhat ciliate margins with many sessile glands intermixed,
the terminal leaflet long-attenuate to the petiolule, broadly elliptic
or subrotund, subobovate, to 9 cm. long, 4.5-5 cm. wide, the lateral
smaller, all abruptly and acutely acuminate and entire or rarely
with a tooth or two toward the tips; panicles solitary or paniculately
300 Field Museum of Natural History— Botany, Vol. XIII
congested, longer than the leaves, the approximate cincinni on
stipes 5-15 mm. long, the rather crowded pedicels 3-3.5 mm. long;
flowers about 5 mm. long, white; outer sepals puberulent and
articulate-glandular, the longer inner very minutely puberulent;
petals broadly obovate, the scales half as long, the upper obovate,
the lower dentiform; stamens pilose at base; fruit (barely half
mature) setigerous. — The fruit described by the authors does not
belong here, according to the monographer; in Williams JtllS it
measures 3 by 2.5 cm. scarcely 1.5 cm. at the cells, these setose,
carinate by the decurrent wings, the pericarp fragile, seed black.
F. M. Neg. 5533.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce J^560; U5W; Mathews 1322; 1322
bis. Zepelacio near Moyobamba, 12-1,600 meters, Klug 3596 (det.
Standley). Chazuta, Klug Ji-lO^ (det. Standley).— Loreto: Yuri-
maguas, Poeppig 2U15, type; Williams U113; Killip & Smith 29071.
Serjania aluligera Radlk. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 1: 464. 1893; 64.
Canescent scandent shrub with subterete scarcely striate branches
— ligneous area simple— and upper temate or 5-foliolate-pinnate
leaves, the lower bitemate; stipules minute, ovate; petioles 3-4 cm.
long, the intermediate 2 cm. long, the lateral 6 mm. long; leaves of
the flowering branchlets 10-13 cm. long, 9-10 cm. wide, the oval
leaflets serrate-dentate above the middle, mucronulate, the terminal
4-6 cm. long, 2-3.5 cm. wide, attenuate into a petiolule 5-8 mm.
long, the lateral gradually smaller, sessile, all pinnate-nerved, sub-
chartaceous, brownish -green, opaque, microscopically glandular,
puberulent above, softly ashy pubescent beneath, epunctate, the
epidermis containing mucus; thyrsi subcorymbose-racemiform,
solitary, divaricate, the flowering part half as long as the peduncle,
the cincinni spreading, long (to 1 cm.) -stiped; bracts and bractlets
subulate, long-glandular; pedicels about 4 mm. long,in fruit to 7 mm.,
articulate at lower third; male flowers with inner sepals 5 mm. long,
the outer half as long, all ashy puberulent; petals oblong-spatulate,
6 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, glandular within, the scales villous at the
margin, the upper crest obcordate-bifid and with long deflexed
barbate appendage, the lower obliquely emarginate aliform; stamens
lightly pilose, the anthers glabrous; young fruit elliptic, ashy pube-
scent, rusty villous at apex, the cells compressed at sides and with
aluliform processes near the dorsal crest, these hidden in the tomen-
tum, the endocarp glabrous except very sparsely pilose in the angles.
F.M. Neg. 5964.
Cajamarca: Callacate, Jelski J^09, type.
Flora of Peru 301
Serjania brachyptera Radlk. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 145. 1905; 63.
Like S. squarrosa but the stems 8-angulate and particularly the
ligneous peripheral areas 5, the spreading panicles 7-26 cm. long
with only 1 cm. long about 5-flowered cincinni, the fruit cells gla-
brous or sometimes floccose within; petioles 5-10 mm. long; leaves
5-6 cm. long and broad with 3-4 pairs of leaflets, the lower temate
or pinnate, trichomes few; outer sepals ashy hirsute; fruit not mature,
subquadrate, glabrous, 1.5 cm. long, at base 1.2-1.4 cm. broad. — It
is possible that my 2291, incomplete, may belong here. F.M.
Neg. 5534.
Cajaniarca: Hacienda La Tahona near Hualgayoc, 2,600 meters,
Weberbauer ^057. — Hudnuco: Among herbs and shrubs, 3,200
meters, near Punchau, Prov. Huamalies, Weberbauer SSOIt, type.
Serjania calligera Radlk. Bot. Jahrb. 54: Beibl. 117: 42.
1916; 65.
Much like S. aluligera but the sordidly tomentulose tumid fruit
cells laterally entirely free scarcely cristate but at the lateral angles
above sometimes with a produced callus; branches 4-5-sulcate;
petioles 5-10 mm. long, the intermediate 2.5 cm., the lateral 3 mm.
long, all more or less rusty tomentulose as the leaves, the larger with
terminal leaflet 6.5 X 4 cm.; cincinni approximate on stipes only
2-3 mm. long, the pedicels 2-3 or in fruit 5 mm. long, articulate near
base; petals white, 6 mm. long, 3 mm. wide; ovary densely tomentose,
the cells villous within, the glabrous style trifid at apex; immature
fruit to 1.8 cm. long, 1.4 cm. broad, at the cells 8-9 mm. — Apparently
nearly S. mollis but the leaves smaller (Dahlem note) and certainly
doubtfully distinct from S. aluligera.
Cajamarca: Between Huambos and Mont^n, 2,500 meters,
Weberbau£r J^15, type. — Piura: Hacienda San Antonio, 1,300 meters,
Weberbauer 6011.
Serjania caracasana (Jacq.) Willd. Sp. PI. 2, pt. 1: 465. 1799;
91. PauUinia caracasana Jacq. Hort. Schoenbr. 1: 52. pi. 99. 1797.
Typically nearly glabrous even to the outer sepals, only the
branches (apically) and solitary or paniculate inflorescences micro-
scopically glandular and minutely pubescent, the former lightly
6-8-striate, 2-4 mm. thick; wood composite, peripheral areas often
about 8; stipules broadly triangular, 2 mm. long, puberulent, as the
6-12 cm. long emarginate petioles, especially at the articulation;
leaves usually bitemate but variable; leaflets oblong-lanceolate or
302 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. XIII
subelliptic, mostly gradually and obtusely acuminate, or the lower
lateral ones shortly ovate and obtuse, all obtusely serrate-dentate
or subentire (Peru), membranous or subcoriaceous, lustrous above,
rarely barbate in the nerve axils, punctae and pellucid lines obvious,
epidermis lacking mucus, the terminal petiolule 1-1.5 cm. long,
its leaflets often 1 dm. long or longer, 3-5 cm. wide or wider; cincinni
more or less stiped, 5-11 flowered, the pedicels 3-5 (-7 in fruit)
mm, long, articulate above the base; flowers white; outer sepals
usually glabrous, inner sordidly puberulent, nearly glabrous within,
3.5-5 mm. long; petals long-clawed, 4.5-7 mm. long, 1,5-2 mm. wide,
laxly glandular within; scale-crests more or less emarginate, even
bifid or the lower dentiform; stamens lightly villous; fruit purplish
above, 2.2-3.8 cm. long, 2-2.5 cm. (at cells 8-9 mm.) broad, little
if at all constricted under the cells, truncate-rounded or shortly
cuneate at base, ecristate, glabrous except for scattered glands,
the endocarp glabrous or with a few trichomes at base and back of
cells. — The Peruvian forms are genuina Radlk. and elliptica Radlk.,
the elliptic leaflets subentire; cf. S. Ampelopsis PI. & Lind. under
S. inscripta.
Hudnuco: Mito, 1567 (distr. as S. striata). Without data,
Ruiz & Pavdn, fide Radlk. Widely distributed in South America,
north to Cuba and Mexico.
Serjania communis Camb. in St. Hil. Fl. Bras. 1: 362. 1825; 51.
Slender sarmentose triangulate sulcate branches as the biternate
leaves variously pubescent to nearly glabrous; stipules ovate-
lanceolate; petioles 2-4 cm. long, scarcely margined; leaves about
14 cm. long, 12 cm. wide, the larger terminal leaflet subrhombic-
lanceolate, 5-8 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide, more or less attenuate to the
petiole, the lateral subovate-lanceolate, rounded at base, all acute
or obtuse, mucronulate, serrate-dentate, often doubly, membranous
to chartaceous, rarely more than obscurely pellucid-punctate or
areolate; panicles mostly solitary, the lower twice as long as the
leaves, hirsutulous or laxly puberulent especially the small lance-
olate bracts and bractlets as also the 4 mm, long pedicels, these
equaling the ellipsoid buds; outer sepals half as long as inner, all
crisp-pulverulent; petals white, obovate, microscopically glandular
within, the upper 5-6 mm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, the half as long
scales emarginate or obtuse, sometimes obsolete as also the lateral
glands; stamens pilose-puberulent; ovary oblong, little narrowed at
base, minutely glandular; fruit cordate-ovate, 2-2.7 cm. long, 1.8-2
cm. broad, narrowed at the pubescent cells (these narrowly cristate),
Flora of Peru 303
emarginate at apex, the puberulent wings more or less dilated at
base; cotyledons subequal, suberect; seeds ellipsoid. — Radlkofer
named three variants in accord with the degree or character of the
pubescence, mollis Radlk., pilosula Radlk. and glabra Radlk. The
wood structure is central (large, with 3 smaller peripheral columns;
cf. the author, Monogr. Serj. Suppl. pl.l). I should like to exclude
this from Peru but if the following incomplete specimens actually
belong here probably some flowering material cited under S. inflata
does also, as originally determined. F.M. Neg. 36040.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce (var. glabra, fide Radlk.). —
Junin: Puerto Yessup, Killip & Smith 26313 (det. Killip). To
eastern Brazil.
Serjania deltoidea Radlk. Monogr. Serj. 322. 1875; 203.
Branches obtusely or acutely triangular, lightly striate, the
younger reddish tomentulose with crisped trichomes; wood com-
posite with 3 peripheral areas; stipules small, ovate; common
petiole emarginate, caniculate above, the leaf-rachi in part winged,
the wings narrowed below; leaves deltoid in outline, often 16 cm.
long, 12 cm. wide, membranous, glabrous or nearly both sides,
lustrous above, subopaque and paler beneath, containing mucus,
minutely pellucid punctate, bi- or subtripinnate (upper pinnae
simple, the lower pinnate, the pinnules themselves in part pinnate)
with 3-4 pairs of ovate-oblong obtuse sessile coarsely dentate or
incised leaflets, except the terminal, these 3.5 cm. long, 1.5 cm. wide,
petiolulate, elongate-subrhombic with obtusish acumen; panicles
solitary or paniculate, slender and interruptedly floriferous, the
rachis reddish tomentulose, the dense cincinni subsessile 5-6-
flowered with 1 mm. long pedicels articulate at base; outer sepals
less tomentose than inner, these 2 mm. long; petals 2 mm. long,
half as wide, the upper scales crenulate, the lower subaliform; fruit
retrorsely subhirsute, retuse, contracted below the cells, 2.5 cm.
long, 2 cm. wide, the endocarp reddish villous, the seed basal.
F.M. Neg. 5539.
Hudnuco: Chicoplaya, Ruiz & Pavdn. Near Rfo Monz6n, 600
meters, Weberbauer 3606, part. Bolivia.
Serjania dibotrya Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 35.
pi. 2U2. 1844; 108.
Glabrate high-climbing liana, the stout somewhat trigonous and
striate branches early rusty setulose and microscopically glandular
304 Field Museum of Natural History— Botany, Vol. XIII
at the tips, 3-6 mm. thick, the ligneous structure composite with 1-3
peripheral areas; stipules to 2 mm. long, puberulent; petioles to
10 cm. long and rachi to 5, wing-margined (to 6 mm. wide), the
leaves 5-foliolate, the lower to 25 cm. long or longer, 2 cm. wide,
early especially on the lower surface with a few appressed setae,
subcoriaceous, transversely reticulate, densely pellucid punctate,
glabrous and lustrous above, containing traces of mucus, paler, dull
and glanduligerous beneath, the lateral leaflets to 11 cm. long, 7 cm.
wide, ovate, acute or shortly acuminate, the base rounded with
short petiolule, the terminal subrhombic little larger, attenuate at
base, all obtusely repand-denticulate or subentire; panicles solitary
and congested paniculately in the apex of the branchlets, more or
less reddish tomentulose, glabrate, densely cinniferous, the cincinni
shortly stiped, 7-9-flowered, the pedicels scarcely exceeding 1.5 mm.;
flowers hermaphrodite; sepals all tomentulose, the outer as the
interior nearly 4.5 mm. long; petals lanceolate-oblong, 5.5-6 mm.
long, 1.5 mm. wide, glanduligerous within, the less than half as long
scales little villous; anthers glabrous; fruit minutely setulose, about
3.5 cm. long, 2.3-3 cm. wide, cordate at base, obtuse, constricted
under the cells, these subglobose and ecristate, the endocarp glabrous
except at base of cells. F.M. Neg. 5542.
Hudnuco: In woods, Cuchero and Pampayacu, Poeppig, type.
Chinchao, Rivero 222. Pozuzo, Ruiz & Pav6n. — Junin: Colonia
Peren^, Killip & Smith 2520U (det. Killip). Bolivia.
Serjania diffusa Radlk. Monogr. Serj. 302. 1875; 194.
Branches subterete, 6-7-striate and more or less rusty hirsute-
tomentose as the solitary panicles, the rachi of these somewhat
angled; wood composite with 3 peripheral areas; petioles striate,
tomentose-hirsute as the leaf-rachi and the small ovate stipules;
leaves tritemate (in Mathews specimen bitemate), the subrhombic
terminal leaflet 8 cm. long, half as wide, with petiolule to 1.5 cm.
long, the upper lateral oblong, the lower ovate, sessile, all coarsely
incised-dentate, acute or acutish, thick-membranous, above sparsely,
on the nerves beneath densely pilose, pellucid punctae hardly
discernible, epidermis containing mucus; cincinni crowded on stipes
barely 2 mm. long; outer sepals lightly pilose, the inner canescent
tomentose, 3.5 mm. long; petals 4.5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, the upper
scale crest emarginate or subentire, the lower dentiform; young
fruit oblong, cleft at apex, yellowish canescent, the endocarp white
floccose, the seed basal. — Mature fruits of Solis 10839, apparently
Flora of Peru 305
correctly named, are 15-18 mm. long, the hard cells densely setulose.
The author suggests the Mathews plant may not belong here.
Amazonas(?): Pariahuanca (Mathews 1202). Bolivia to Colom-
bia.
Serjania dumicola Radlk. Monogr. Serj. 111. 1875; 57.
In general like S. communis var. moUis but differing in structure
of flowers (female not described); stipules small, subulate; third
and fifth sepals free; petals 4.5 mm. long, 3 mm. wide; fruit cordate,
apically emarginate, little constricted medially, 2.8 cm. long, 2.5 cm.
wide, puberulent, the cells subcuneate at base, cristate dorsally. —
To be expected in adjacent Peru. Wood structure: medullary
cavities small or hardly any.
Peru (probably). Bolivia.
Serjania elongata Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 28. 1931.
Smooth liana, even the elongate solitary racemiform inflo-
rescences essentially glabrous, these laxly flowered and often 2-3 dm.
long; leaves 5-foliolate, the leaflets all entire or sometimes obscurely
1-3-undulate-dentate, broadly elliptic, very obtuse or rounded at
both ends except the cuneately based and petiolulately contracted
terminal, mostly about 6 cm. wide, 10 cm. long, chartaceous,
moderately reticulate and lustrous on both sides, scarcely pellucid
punctate or lineolate; rachis and petiole not at all margined; in-
florescence branchlets only 2-4 mm. long or in fruit apparently
about twice as long, the flowers usually 4 or few; pedicels slender,
barely 2 mm. long in flower; sepals about 2-2.5 mm. long, glabrous
except the slightly longer inner, these a little tomentulose; petals
obovate, about 3 mm. long, slightly barbate within at base; filaments
short-pilose; fruits obcordate, glabrous, about 2.5 cm. wide and
long, the cells compressed. — Description of fruit from Krukoff 10967
referred by A. C. Smith to an apparently unpublished species name
of Rusby, which appropriately defines the shape of the leaflets.
Junln: In sunny brush. La Merced, 5511, type. — Loreto: Trail
to Tarapoto, Ferreyra Jt95U. Bolivia.
Serjania exarata Radlk. Monogr. Serj. 166. 1875; 110.
Similar to S. membranacea but rather more hirtellous and especially
leaflets acute or acuminate, less coarsely, even obscurely serrate and
the fruit manifestly dilated at base, glabrous, the wings chartaceous,
the divaricate cells deeply exarate between the veins; fruit 2.5 cm.
306 Field Museum of Natural History— Botany, Vol. XIII
broad, 3.5 cm. long; inner sepals 3 mm. long; petals 4 mm. long,
2.5 mm. wide. — Simulates S. glabrata but presumably distinct by the
simple wood (as to type) ; compare also S. pyramidata. Klug 3707
only in flower may be distinct; the leaflets are abruptly acuminate,
about 1 dm. long, half as wide, obscurely dentate, inflorescences to
3 dm. long; without fruit doubtfully belonging here but for expedi-
ency it may be designated var. extensa Macbr., var. nov. foliolis
ad 5 cm. latis, obscure serratis abrupte subcaudato-acuminatis
inflorescentibus valde elongatis.
Huanuco: Pampayacu, Rio Chinchao, 50J^9 (distr. as S. sphaero-
cocca). — San Martin: Zepelacio near Moyobamba, Klug 3707? (det.
Standley, S. altissima). Amazonian Brazil.
Serjania fuscostriata Radlk. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 147. 1905; 171.
Allied to S. oxyphylla and in general similar but the somewhat
larger leaves imparipinnate with 3 pairs of unequally serrate-dentate
leaflets, the lower pinnae temate, the next mostly bifoliate, the upper
simple, sometimes one or the other as the terminal leaflet more or less
modified; cincinni stipes about 5 mm. long, the pedicels 4 mm. long,
articulate below the middle; inner sepals 4 mm. long, the outer
especially ciliate; petals 3.5-4 mm. long, the scales villous at margins,
the crest of the upper deeply bifid; fruit unknown. — To this I refer
with some doubt, the leaves incomplete and no flowers, my own
collection which once I determined as S. brachyptera, that, as to type,
with much smaller leaflets; the glabrous fruits are 2 cm. wide and
long, the cells subinflated, the rachis densely hirtellous, the upper
stems puberulent. F.M. Neg. 5548.
Ancash: Below Pampa Romas, among trees near brook, 1,900
meters, Weberbauer 3183, type; 163. — Hudnuco: On canyon shrubs,
2291.
Serjania glabrata HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 110. 1821; 113.
Older branches triangular, glabrate, the younger typically
sparsely pubescent but often densely and softly, 6-8-nerved;
ligneous structure composite with 3-5 peripheral areas; stipules
1-1.5 mm. long, ovate, puberulent; petioles 5-7 cm. long, the inter-
mediate 4-6 cm., bisulcate above, all emarginate; leaves finally
ample, bitemate, membranous, pale green, usually containing mucus,
obsoletely pellucid punctate and lineolate, glabrous above, laxly
to densely and softly pubescent beneath, the slightly larger terminal
leafiet sometimes 13-15 cm. long, 6-8 cm. wide, often smaller,
Flora of Peru 307
attenuate to petiolule 5-12 mm. long, subrhombic, the lateral
shortly contracted to the petiolules, all acute or subacuminate,
unequally and coarsely crenate, serrate or subrepand dentate;
panicles solitary and paniculately congested, the rachi sulcate-
angulate, the 5-16-flowered cincinni shortly stiped; pedicels 2-3 mm.
long, articulate near base or nearly at middle, puberulent; outer
sepals much shorter, glabrate or much less pubescent than the
3-4 mm. long whitish-tomentulose inner ones; petals white, 3.5-5
mm. long, 1-2 mm. wide, the upper scales subentire to dentate, the
lower bicomute; fruit usually 3-4 cm. long, 2-3 cm. broad, cordate-
ovate, hardly retuse, contracted under the cells, pilose or finally
glabrate, the cells transversely obovoid, divaricate or obliquely
erect, sulcate- and scrobiculate-exarate, the endocarp floccose. —
Forma genuina Radlk. is more glabrate than the commoner forma
moUior Radlk., the sepals distinctly diverse in degree of indument,
the pedicels articulate near base, the large fruit glabrate. F.M.
Neg. 5549.
Stems, macerated, used as a fish "poison" (Mexia); vine to
4 meters high, stems purplish, leaves soft, thin, glossy, paler beneath
(Woytkowski) ; flowers fragrant,
Piura: Canchaque, Prov. Huancabamba, Stork 11S97. — Caja-
marca: Colasai on the Rio Huancabamba, Bonpland, type. Calla-
cate, Jelski U15. Tambillo, Jelski 328. — San Martin: Tarapoto,
Spruce U1S9 (part) ; Ule 65SU; WiUiams 5^19; 5680; 585 Jt; 5908; 6261;
low woods and stream thickets, Woytkowski 35055; 35189 (both
det. Cuatrecasas). San Roque, Williams 72JtS; 7377; 775 J^; 7800.
Zepelacio, Kliig 3370 (det. Standley). — Hudnuco: White-flowered
vine in sunny shrubs, 4^56; Ruiz & Pav6n (the last det. Melchior). —
Junin: La Merced, 52^0- Near Peren6 Bridge, Killip & Smith 25^1
(in part S. ruMcauiis). — Loreto: Cachipuerto, Klu^ 3125 (det.
Standley, by slip of pen, "PauUinia"). Santa Rosa below Yuri-
maguas, Killip & Smith 28719 (det. Killip). Iquitos, Mexia 650 U
(det. Standley). Florida, Rio Putumayo, Klug 2080? (young).— Rio
Acre: Seringal San Francisco, Ule 9556; 9557. — Cuzco: Santa Ana,
Cook & Gilbert 16W' Paraguay to Ecuador. "Macote" (Williams;
Mexia); "verap" (Killip & Smith).
Serjania gramma tophora Radlk. Monogr. Serj. 258. 1875; 152.
Notable in Peru by the simply temate leaves, the three broadly
ovate (or the lateral, sometimes rather oblong-elliptic) leaflets
remotely repand-dentate or rarely sub-lobulate, all subsessile and
308 Field Museum of Natural History— Botany, Vol. XIII
mucronulately obtuse or shortly acute, shortly or the terminal
long-attenuate at base, not very unequal, often a dm. long or longer,
and about half as wide, early as the 6-7-sulcate stems, more or less
ashy pilose, glabrate in age, membranous, both sides minutely
glandular, pellucid punctate and lineolate, the epidermis lacking
mucus; wood simple; stipules minute; petioles emarginate, 4-5 cm.
long; inflorescences solitary, 6-12 cm. long, cincinni subsessile, ashy
tomentose including the sepals, the much longer inner 3.5-4 mm.
long, the basally articulate pedicels 1.5-2 mm. long; petals white,
5.2 mm. long, upper scales biappendaged; anthers puberulent. — The
type grown at Munich from seed, its origin unknown but similar
species are from the region of Guayaquil, Ecuador, S. longipes Radlk.,
151, and S. brevipes Benth., 151, in both of which the leaves are
obsoletely or most minutely punctate; in the former the elliptic
leaflets are subentire, the cincinni stiped, while in the latter
the leaflets are evenly 2-6-denticulate, the petals less than 3 mm.
long. F.M. Neg. 5968.
Peni(?) : See note above.
Serjania grandifolia Sagot, ex Radlk. Monogr. Serj. 166. 1875;
112.
Glabrous except the slightly pulverulent inflorescence including
the unequally, or in Peru subequally, puberulent sepals; wood
simple; stems 3-4 mm. thick; leaves bitemate but not rarely reduced,
the lower leaflets often simple; terminal leaflets well-petiolulate,
8-12 cm. long, 3.5-5 cm. wide, the lateral little smaller, all subentire
or entire, about oblong to broadly elliptic, obtusely short-acuminate,
coriaceous, lustrous at least above, obsoletely punctate and lineolate,
containing mucus; petioles canaliculate; petioles minute, broadly
ovate; inflorescences solitary, congested apically or on subleafless
branchlets; cincinni shortly stiped, the pedicels about 2 mm. long;
outer sepals in type subglabrous, nearly half as long as the tomentu-
lose inner, these scarcely 2.5 mm. long; petals nearly 3 mm. long,
glandular within; stamens basally pilose; fruits glabrous, reddish,
attenuate from cordate base, there about 3.5 cm. wide, at cells 1.4
cm. wide, to 5.5 cm. long, the ligneous sutures often bilamellately
produced. — The Peruvian liana seems to belong to this species
typically of the Guianas but may prove to be different when com-
pletely known; in flower the only marked distinction apparently is
the more pubescent outer sepals; for convenience it may now be
noted as var. pubisepala Macbr., var. nov. forma typica differt
Flora of Peru 309
sepalis plus minusve tomentulosis indumentum baud vel paullo
diversis.— 1)1% 965, type. F.M. Neg. 5550.
Loreto: Near Iquitos, KIilq 876; 88U; 965; Williams 8077.
French and Dutch Guiana; Amazonian Brazil.
Serjania inflata Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 36. 1844;
177.
Nearly glabrous, the branches acutely 6-angled and thus 6-
sulcate, sparsely crisp-pubescent, the flowering about 3 mm. thick;
wood composite with 2-3 small peripheral areas; stipules small,
ovate; petioles in part narrowly margined; leaves bitemate, about
1 dm. long, nearly as wide, the ovate-oblong subrhombic acute
terminal leaflets attenuate to petiolule, 5 cm. long, 2.5 cm. wide, the
others smaller, sessile, obtuse, even nearly orbicular, all remotely
serrate and at base sublobed, dark green, subcoriaceous, sparsely
crisped pubescent beneath and above on the nerves, more or less
pellucid with small dots, the epidermis containing mucus; panicles
solitary, minutely puberulent, the cincinni stipes 2-3 mm. long, the
pedicels 2-A mm. long, in fruit twice as long, articulate below or at
the middle; outer sepals slightly puberulent, the inner densely,
3.5-4 mm. long; petals 4.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, the scales about
two-thirds as long, the upper bifid, the lower emarginate; style
glabrous; fruit glabrous, cleft both ends, 3 cm. long, nearly 2 cm.
wide, inflated above, the seed below the middle of the cells. — S.
rigida Radlk., forma glabra Radlk., 175, of Brazil, has less acutely
angled branchlets, the leaf nerves very rigid beneath. Probably at
least sens. lat. should include S. rigida and apparently there is also
an Ecuadorean form. F.M. Neg. 5555.
San Martin: Tocache, Poeppig 1965, tjrpe. Tarapoto, Williams
6568. Caceres, Prov. Marisca, Ferreyra UU65. — Hudnuco: Near Rio
Monzon, Weherhauer 8606, part; 286. Pozuzo, Ruiz & Pav&n (in
herb, as PauMinia curassavica). — Junfn: San Ram6n, Killip &
Smith 2^756? (dist. as S. communis). La Merced, 5360; Killip &
Smith 25^08? (dist. as S. communis). — Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug
2557 (det. Standley but aberrant). — Cuzco: Quillabamba, Prov.
Convenci6n, West 7197.
Serjania inscripta Radlk. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 145. 1905; 62.
Branches 5-6-angulate, canaliculate, 4-5 mm. thick, puberulent-
tomentulose at least above as the p>etioles and the solitary elongate
inflorescences; wood composite, the peripheric columns small, 3,
310 Field Museum of Natural History— Botany, Vol. XIII
angled; leaves bitemate, the leaflets oval-lanceolate, remotely
crenate-dentate, the terminal and upper lateral 8-9 cm. long,
3-3.5 cm. wide, the lower lateral 3-5.5 cm. long, 2-2.5 cm. wide,
obtuse, the others all acute or subacuminate, more or less attenuate
to the sessile base, membranous, glabrous above except the obliquely
ascending nerve, sparsely pilose beneath, notably marked with im-
pressed lines and pellucid punctae above, the epidermis containing
mucus, the intermediate petioles narrowly wing-margined; stipules
minute, deltoid; inflorescences with the long peduncle 1.5-nearly
3 dm. long; cincinni stipes about 1 cm. long; pedicels 3-4 mm. long,
to twice as long and medially articulate in fruit; flowers about or
little longer than 4 mm., the free sepals subequal and equally
tomentulose; petals glandular within the half as long scales with
deflexed villous appendage; fruits cordate, glabrous or the compressed
cells villous, at least 2.5 cm. long, about 2 cm. wide. — Suggests
S. leptocarpa with larger flowers and more strongly serrate leaflets.
The specimen from Cutervo has fruits 3.5 cm. long, the stems
glabrate, petioles obscurely margined, leaflets diverse, the roundish
lateral 1-3-dentate and may not belong here, even as a variant; it
suggests some specimens of S. Ampelopsis PI. & Lind., 58, of Ecuador
if that species is variable enough to include them but as to type it
seems to differ in its simple wood, subequal ovate-lanceolate acute
or acuminate leaflets all entire and even the lateral with petiolules
to 2 cm. long. F.M. Neg. 5556.
Ynes Mexia found the macerated stems used as a fish "poison."
Cajamarca: Izco, Prov. Cutervo, Stork & Horton 10210 (det.
Standley, S. pyramidata?) . — Loreto: Iquitos, Mexia 650 Jf. (det.
Standley, S. — by slip of pen, "Paullinia" — glabrata). Lower Rio
Nanay, Williams 612. Fortaleza near Yurimaguas, Klug 2812
(det. Standley, S. rubicaulis). Bolivia; adjacent Brazil. "Macote"
(Mexia).
Serjania Killipii Macbr., sp. nov.
Scandens, fruticosa; ramis superioribus petiolis pedunculisque
gracilis multistriatis minute subhirsutulo-puberulis; corpus lignosum
compositum e centrali majore et periphericis circa 8 paullo minoribus
et centrali cingentibus; foliis bitematis; foliolis integris glabris vel
subtus ad nervos obscure pubescentibus, minute pellucido-punctatis,
valde diversis superioribus oblongo-lanceolatis vel terminalibus
paullo obovatis ad_^ basin breviter attenuatis acutis vel interdum
obtusis 3.5-4 cm. longis, circa 1.5 cm. latis, lateralibus paullo
Flora of Peru 311
minoribus inferioribus similibus sed lateralibus vix 1 cm. longis,
4-5 mm. latis; thyrsi solitarii et in apice ramorum paniculatim
congesti dense cincinniferi, cincinni vix stipitatis; pedicellis circa
2 mm. longis; sepalis exterioribus 1.5 mm. longis dense puberulis
tamen sepalis interioribus; petalis anguste obovatis circa 3 mm.
longis; filamentis pilosis; fructibus ignotis.
There are notes by Killip on the t5T)e sheet suggesting that this
is near S. trirostris with "larger serrate leaflets," while the leaves
exactly match those of S. gracilis Radlk. of Brazil, a species with
larger flowers; in the absence of fruits its position of course is
uncertain but it does seem to be related to S. trirostris and S. sub-
rotundifolia; indeed it may prove with more collections to be a part
of the latter but in this case there must be considerable variation
in the size and shape of the leaflets.
Loreto: Masisea, Killip & Smith 26853, type (U. S. National
Herbarium).
Serjania leptocarpa Radlk. Monogr. Serj. 112. 1875; 57.
Scandent, subherbaceous, the younger subterete-trigonous
striate-sulcate, 6-costate branches, thyrsi, petioles and leaflets both
sides more or less pubescent with short curved trichomes, finally
glabrate; branches brownish, 2-3 mm. thick; stipules minute;
petioles 5-7 cm. long, the intermediate little shorter, the lateral
1.5-2 cm. long, the larger bitemate leaves 18-22 cm. long, 1&-18 cm.
broad, the basally attenuate terminal leaflets about 9 cm. long,
4.5-6 cm. wide, the basally rounded lateral ones 5-8 cm. long, 3-4
cm. wide, all ovate, acute or subacuminate, angulately bi- or tri-
dentate or subserrate, subpetiolulate, glabrescent, membranous,
drying brownish, obscurely pellucid-punctate or -areolate; thyrsi
solitary, elongate, exceeding the leaves, the smaller often panicu-
lately congested in branchlets; buds 4.5-5 mm. long subequaling the
nearly glabrous pedicels; flowers in tjrpe pale rose, the subglabrous
outer sepals half as long as the whitish puberulent inner, the third
and fifth barely coalescent at base; petals clawed, obovate, about
8 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide; upper scales dilated, the lower dentiform;
stamens short-pilose; ovary obversely pyramidal triquetrous; fruit
glabrous except microscopically glandular, 4-^.5 cm. long, 2.5-3 cm.
broad, little constricted below the cells, excised base and apex, the
wings obscurely dilated at base. — Wood structure, Radlk. I.e.
Suppl. pi. 3, the medullary cavity large. The Peruvian material
placed here with some doubt. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 3:
pi. 58.
312 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. XIII
Hudnuco: Near Chinchao, Ruiz & Pavdn, (part; cf. S. pyrami-
data). — Rio Acre: Seringal Auristella, Ule 9558. Bolivia; Brazil.
Serjania lethalis St. Hil. Hist. PI. Remarq. Br^sil 1: 206. 1824;
138.
High climbing glabrate liana, the stems obtusely triangular, the
branches subglabrous to subtomentulose, about 3 mm. thick, more
or less 6-striate and obscurely trigonous; ligneous structure com-
posite, with 3-4 triangular peripheral areas; stipules ovate, minute;
petioles sulcate above, the intermediate especially often narrowly
margined; leaves bitemate, the lower 26 cm. long, 24 cm. wide, all
sometimes on nerves a little pubescent or ciliate marginally, other-
wise mostly glabrous both sides except for microscopic glands,
lustrous, coriaceous, obsoletely pellucid punctate, containing traces
of mucus; leaflets lanceolate, narrowed both ends, sessile, obtuse or
obtusely prolonged into a linguiform acumen, entire or 1-3-dentate,
the terminal 9-15 cm. long, 3-4.5 cm. wide, the lateral little smaller;
thyrsi solitary or congested, the subsulcate rachi tomentose, the
mostly well-'stiped cincinni 6-9-flowered, the pedicels 3-6 mm. long,
articulate near base; outer sepals shorter, the inner 3-4 mm. long,
all lanate- tomentose; petals 4-4.5 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. wide, the
scales more or less bifid; fruit cordate at base, where 2-2.5 cm.
broad, 2-3 cm. long, little if at all contracted under the cells, these
subglobose, lanate-tomentose, scarcely cristate, the lustrous wings
nearly glabrous, the endocarp more or less villous. — Ex range the
Peruvian plant could be S. nutans or S. paucidentata, especially
the latter, which compare.
St. Hilaire and Radlkofer, Monogr. Serj. 229, have discussed the
toxic qualities of this plant, used as a "fish poison" and said to be
injurious to other animals including man,
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce ^892 (det. Radlk.). Bolivia to
eastern Brazil. "Timbo"; "Sacha."
Serjania longistipula Radlk. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 148. 1905; 177.
More or less pubescent, the 3-angled lightly sulcate branches
typically with only a few long subsetaceous deciduous trichomes or
in variant densely hirsutulous-pilose; wood composite with 3 peri-
pheral areas; stipules linear-subulate, pilose, 8-10 mm. long; petioles
3-5 cm. long, the lateral 1.5-2 cm. long, all emarginate, striate;
leaves imparipinnate with 3 pairs of oval obtuse sessile or nearly
sessile leaflets, the terminal attenuate to petiolule, 7-11 cm. long,
Flora of Peru 313
3-4.5 cm. wide, the lateral smaller, rounded at base, all subserrate
about the lower half, membranous-chartaceous, minutely pellucid-
punctate and lineate, containing mucus, above on nerves densely,
between them sparsely pubescent with subsetaceous curved ap-
pressed trichomes, the pubescence beneath shorter and softer; lowest
pair of leaflets temate or 5-foliate-pinnate; panicles solitary, the
cincinni shortly stiped, the pedicels 4 mm. long, articulate below the
middle; outer sepals minutely, the inner ashy puberulent, 4 mm.
long; petals 4.5 mm. long, the villous scales with deflexed appendage;
young fruit slightly emarginate, somewhat yellowish tomentose, the
endocarp white-villous. — Apparently there is a variant with more
pubescent stems and more acute leaflets, the Stork and Horton
specimen less extreme in these characters; it may be known as var.
aberrans Macbr., var. nov., foliolis plus minusve acutis, ramulis
dense piloso-hirsutulis. — Weberbauer 7878, type. F.M. Neg. 5561.
Apurlmac: Prov. Andahuaylas, 2,800 meters, Stork & Horton
107S5 (var. det. Standley, Paullinia). — Cuzco: Marcapata Valley
above Chilechile, Weberbau£r 7878 (type, var. det. Macbride, S.
diffusa). — Puno: Among shrubs, 2,100 meters, Weberbauer 518, type;
also 537; 237.
Serjania membranacea Splitgerber, PI. Nov. Surinam, in
Hoeven & Vriese, Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. 9: 11 (105). 1842; 109.
Scandent, little pubescent, the younger branches slightly and
obtusely 5-6-angled, lightly pilose or at the apex hirtellous, the
older subterete, multistriate, glabrate; ligneous structure simple;
stipules minute, broadly triangular; petioles 5-6 cm. long, the inter-
mediate 2.5 and the lateral 1 cm. long, bisulcate and pubescent
above; leaves bitemate (sometimes reduced), minutely pellucid-
punctate, containing mucus, hirtellous only on the nerves above
where lustrous, beneath paler, dull and longer pubescent on the
nerves, the larger 14 cm. long, 12 cm. wide; leaflets about 5 cm. long,
3 cm. wide, shortly ovate, remotely and coarsely blunt-dentate, the
little larger terminal contracted to the petiolule, the lateral sub-
sessile, all obtuse or shortly with mucronulate acumen; panicles
solitary and paniculately congested, the cincinni stiped, 7-9-
flowered, the pedicels 2 mm. long, subglabrous, articulate near the
base or at about one-third; sepals all more or less puberulent, the
nearly twice as longer inner hardly 2.5 mm. long; petals 2.5-3 mm.
long, 1 mm. wide; scales about as in related species, tomentose at
margins; anthers glabrous; fruit slender, cordate at the little dilated
314 Field Museum of Natural History— Botany, Vol. XIII
base, 2 cm. broad, 3.5 cm. long, retuse, glabrous with diaphanous
wings, the divaricate cells depressed between the transverse nerves,
the endocarp floccose. — The Lechler specimen was possibly mis-
labeled as suggested by Radlkofer; if Peruvian, see S. exarata or
S. leptocarpa to which also the rest of the material cited here could
be referred except that it has the smaller flowers of S. memhranacea;
the simulating S. tenuifolia has sessile cincinni. F.M. Neg. 23670.
Loreto: Timbuchi on Rio Nanay, Williams 970 (distr. as S.
leptocarpa). Maquisapa, Upper Rio Nanay, Williams 1199 (distr.
as S. exarata). Manfinfa, Upper Rio Nanay, Williams 1091
(distr. as S. leptocarpa) . — Puno : San Govdn, {Lechler 2332) . Guiana;
Costa Rica. "Novia sisa" (Williams).
Serjania mollis HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 108. 1821; 67.
More or less rusty tomentulose — or the younger parts as the
sepals ashy — the stout 5-6-costate branches 4-6 mm. thick, obtusely
striate between the ribs; ligneous structure composite, the peripheral
areas 3-5; stipules lanceolate-subulate; petioles 3-4 cm. long; upper
leaves temate, to 14 cm. long, 12 cm. wide, the leaflets ovate, crenate
or subserrate-dentate, obtuse, rounded and subcordate at base or the
larger subtrilobed terminal ovate and decurrent into the 2 cm. long
petiolule, 9-11 cm. long, 7-8 cm. wide, the lateral little smaller, sub-
sessile, all tomentose-pilose, or in age scabrous above, most obscurely
if at all pellucid-punctate, epidermis lacking mucus; panicles equal-
ing the leaves, the cincinni shortly stiped; bracts and bractlets 4 mm.
long; inner sepals 5 mm. long, canescent both sides; petals not known,
pedicels 2 mm. long; fruit broadly cordate-ovate, 2-3 cm. long,
2.4-4 cm. broad, emarginate and with short hirsute style at tip,
deeply cordate at base by the long-produced wings, tomentose and
hirsute, the cells broadly cristate dorsally and usually comigerous,
the endocarp arachnoid-floccose, the seed affixed above the base of
the cells. — My specimen had fragrant greenish-white flowers with
yellowish centers; it is probably S. sufferuginea, as the following
except the Cajamarca specimens, if that is distinguishable. How-
ever, the monographer has .S^. mollis in his section Ceratococcus and
the latter in section Physococcus, the former with rather compressed
fruit cells, medially tumidulous, laterally comiculate, alulate or
callose produced while the latter section is described as having cells
inflated, scarcely ever cristate; these sections may be distinct as
regards other species but scarcely in respect to these plants. F.M.
Neg. 5564.
Flora of Peru 315
Cajamarca: Between Guerocotillo and Montdn, Bonpland, type.
Monte Seco, Prov. Hualgayoc, 1,800 meters, Soukup 3831 (distr.
S. ferruginea). — Hudnuco: Mufia, 3905. — Ayacucho: Aina, Killip
& Smith 22Jk55. — Cuzco: San Miguel, Urubamba Valley, Cook &
Gilbert 977.
Serjania nutans Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 36. pi. 2^2.
1844; 144.
With the habit and pubescence of the allied S. lethalis; branches
(typically) acutely 6-8-angled, the ligneous structure more com-
posite; larger leaves 32 cm. long or longer, 20 cm. wide, membranous,
glabrous or early with some scattered reddish trichomes on nerves
both sides, paler beneath, pellucid-punctate, sometimes not con-
taining mucus, the leaflets obovate, the lower lateral elliptic, the
terminal to 14 cm. long, half as wide, all cuneate at sessile base,
obtuse or shortly acuminate, subentire or remotely crenate-dentate;
panicles solitary, laxly flowered, reddish puberulent, the short cin-
cinni sessile or nearly, the pedicels 8 mm. long, articulate above the
base; sepals all ashy-tomentulose, the inner 5.2 mm. long; petals
9 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, the upper scales subentire to bifid; style
scarcely 1 mm. long, puberulent; fruit 3.5 cm. long, 2.2 cm. broad
(Bolivian species), 2.5-3 cm. long, the cells hispid (Peru), horizon-
tally truncate at base according to Poeppig who noted the petioles
as margined, emarginate fide the monographer. — It is possible this
may emerge with several other similar extra-Peruvian forms in-
cluding S. paucidentcUa and S. lethalis.
San Martin: Tocache, Poeppig 1897, type. — Loreto: Balsa-
puerto, Kliig 3081 (det. Standley, S. glabrata). Masisea, Killip &
Smith 26852. Yurimaguas, Killip & Smith 27573.— Rio Acre:
Seringal San Francisco, Ule 9559. Bolivia; Brazil.
Serjania oxyphylla HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 112. 1821; 170.
Scandent shrub, but the leaves beneath on nerves and margins
a little puberulent and the rachises of the solitary or congested
panicles tomentose-hirtellous; branches about 10-striate, 10-costate,
the ligneous structure simple; stipules small, ovate-acuminate;
petioles striate, emarginate or the secondary slightly margined;
leaves 11-16 cm. long, 9-14 cm. wide, bitemate or the terminal
leaflet 3-lobed or dissected, the lower pinnae temate, the others
simple; terminal leaflet 6 cm. long, 2.5 cm. wide with petiolule 12 mm.
long, the lateral gradually smaller, sessile, ovate-elliptic to sub-
316 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. XIII
rotund, usually acute or acuminate, remotely and obsoletely to
conspicuously serrate or incised, membranous, glabrous and brown-
ish-green above, paler beneath, pellucid-punctate and lineolate,
lacking mucus, the few nerves oblique-erect; cincinni 6-9-flowered,
the lower with stipes 2 mm. long; pedicels glabrous, articulate at
base, becoming 2 mm. long; inner sepals 2-2.5 mm. long, all merely
ciliolate or fimbriate; petals 2 mm. long, about 0.7 mm. wide, the
upper scales crenulate or subbifid, the lower uncinate-corniform;
fruit shortly ovate or elliptic, cleft both ends, 1.5 cm. long, 1.2 cm.
broad, scarcely contracted below the cells or dilated at base, the
cells 7-8 cm. long, 6 cm. wide, inflated apically, glabrate, the endo-
carp glabrous. F.M. Neg. 5568.
Cajamarca: Near Querocotillo, Ja^n de Bracamores, Bonpland,
type. Callacate, Jelski UIO, part.
Serjania parvifolia HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 113. 1821; 172.
Resembles S. oxyphylla but the branches about 8-sulcate, the
ligneous structure composite with 3-5 peripheral areas, the tips as
the petioles, leaf-nerves beneath with some small trichomes, other-
wise glabrous or nearly; leaflets 3 pairs, the lower temate, the rest
simple, the terminal leaflet about 1.5 cm. long, 6 mm. wide, attenuate
to petiolule, acutish, the lateral obtuse, ovate or oblong, subsessile,
all mucronate, crenate-serrate, subcoriaceous, paler and in nerve
axils beneath barbate, obsoletely pellucid-punctate, the epidermis
containing mucus; stipules minute; petioles including the lateral
not margined; panicles solitary, the cincinni on stipes 1.5-3 mm.
long; fruiting pedicels 3 mm. long, articulate near base; inner sepals
1.8 mm. long, all nearly glabrous; fruit glabrous, 8-9 mm. long and
about as broad, the cells well-produced and inflated above, wing-
dilated below the middle. F.M. Neg. 5571.
Cajamarca: Tomependa, Bonpland, type. Callacate, Jelski
Jf-lO, part.
Serjania paucidentata DC. Prodr. 1: 603. 1824; 141.
Scandent essentially glabrous shrub, the younger branches, these
2.5-4 mm. thick, and inflorescences sparsely pubescent or glabrate;
branches canaliculate, 6-angulate, the alternate angles more acute
or rarely costately obtuse; wood composite, the 3 peripheral columns
small, oblong; stipules small, ovate; leaves bitemate, the leaflets
elliptic or oblongish, the larger terminal more or less abruptly and
marginally petiolulate often to a dm. long, about half as wide, all
Flora of Peru 817
typically with a short linguiform acumen with 1-4 depressed teeth
below it on each side, lustrous or subopaque, membranous-coriaceous,
obsoletely and minutely pellucid-punctate, the epidermis containing
mucus; petioles usually margined only above; inflorescences solitary
or apically panicled, sometimes 2 dm. long or longer, the cincinni
stipes 3-10 mm. long, 7- rather many-flowered; pedicels about 2 mm.
long; sepals all ashy-tomentulose, the longer inner 3.5 mm. long;
petals oblong, attenuate below, 4.5 mm. long, glanduliferous within,
twice as long as the scales; fruits triangular from the cordate-excised
base, nearly 3 cm. long, nearly 2 cm. wide or at the pilose ovoid or
ellipsoid cristate cells 7 mm. wide, finally glabrate. — Very much like
S. lethalis unless the acutely angled branches and other perhaps
minor characters serve to distinguish it; with that species it is the
earliest name for closely allied forms. F.M. Negs. 5616; 33410.
San Martin: Tarapoto, WiUianis 6100. — Loreto: Pumayacu,
between Balsapuerto and Moyobamba, Klug SI 96 (det. Standley,
Paullinia grandifolia). Amazonian Brazil to Trinidad and Tobago.
Serjania peruviana Radlk. Monogr. Serj. Suppl. 154. 1886;
193.
Branches as the paniculate panicles sordidly canescent tomentu-
lose, the former subterete but 6-sulcate, the rachises of the latter
terete, not sulcate-angled; wood composite with 3-4 peripheral
areas; stipules unknown; petioles all emarginate, ashy tomentose;
leaves bitemate, the terminal leaflet 6 cm. long, 3.5 cm. wide, sub-
rhombic, the smaller lateral ones ovate, all subsessile, subacute,
crenate-dentate, thick-membranous, pubescent above, tomentose
beneath, nearly epunctate, the epidermis lacking mucus; cincinni
stipes only about 3 mm. long, the pedicels as long, articulate near
the base, sepals all canescent, the inner 4.5 mm. long; petals 5.5 mm.
long, 3 mm. wide, the upper oblong scale crest approximately as long,
the lower small, wing-like; stamens hirsute. — Otherwise unknown
and not seen by me but without fruit its position remains uncertain
until re-collected; except for the "apically paniculately congested
panicles" it seems to be, probably, a part of S. mollis or (and)
S. sufferuginea; well-developed specimens of the latter at least have
paniculate inflorescences and the length of the cincinni stipes
appears to depend on age.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas (Mathews 309It, type, herb. Kew).
Serjania platypetala Radlk. Bot. Jahrb. 54: Beibl. 117: 42.
1916; 64.
318 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. XIII
Resembles S. squarrosa; branches sulcate, 6-10 costate, with
only 1 peripheral ligneous area; stipules minute, subulate; leaves
membranous, with a few subsetaceous trichomes above, glabrate
beneath, the terminal 1.5-3 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. wide, the lateral
not more than half as large, oval or suborbicular; panicles to 3 dm.
long including the 8-10 cm. long peduncles; pedicels to 6 mm. long,
articulate below the middle; outer sepals glabrous; the inner 5 mm.
long; petals 6-7 mm. long; lateral glands obsolete; fruit shortly
ovate-subquadrate, laxly puberulent at tip, endocarp sordidly
(instead of white as in related species) villous, 1.5 cm. long, 1.3-1.5
cm. broad. — The author distinguished this by the membranous
leaves, longer inflorescences and cincinni stipes, smaller ovate-
subquadrate fruit. It seems to me doubtful that these characters
are significant.
Ayacucho: Near Ayacucho, rocky slopes among shrubs, 3,000
meters, Weberbauer 5506, type.
Serjania pyramidata [R. & P.] Radlk. Monogr. Serj. 155.
1875; 99.
Character in general that of the similar S. sphaerococca but the
petioles all (or the intermediate obscurely margined) emarginate,
the leaflets ovate-elliptic, remotely and obtusely serrate above the
middle, a little pilose on the midnerve both sides as well as in the
axils beneath, the lower 2 dm. long, nearly as wide, the terminal
leaflet 1 dm. long, 4.5 cm. wide, all sessile or nearly; pedicels 1.5-2
mm. long, in fruit 2.5 mm. long; outer sepals sparsely puberulent,
the inner ashy-tomentulose, 2 mm. long; petals 2.5 mm. long, 1 mm.
wide, the scales villous at margins, the upper with deflexed append-
age; fruit 3 cm. long, 2.2 cm. broad, the coarsely veined cells ob-
viously obliquely cuneate at base instead of globose and obscurely
cuneate as in the related species. — In herbaria as Paullinia pyrami-
date R. & P. Here might be sought S. mucronulata Radlk., 173, of
southern Ecuador intermediate in character of fruit to two sections
(Radlkofer), among Peruvian species nearest perhaps to S. inflata
with rather similar leaflets but somewhat larger flowers and inflated
fruit cells; the acute leaflets and smaller fruits distinguish it; the
fruits when mature suggest those of S. exarata, in nervation of
the cells.
Hudnuco: Valley of the Monzon, 600 meters, Weberbauer 3610;
862^; 286. Cuchero and Chinchao, Ruiz & Pav6n, type; Dombey.
Ecuador; Venezuela.
Flora of Peru 319
Serjania rubicaulis [R. & P.] Benth. ex Radlk. Monogr. Serj.
254. 1875; 150.
Scandent, suffruticose, more or less aculeate, and pubescent or
puberulent; branches canaliculately 5-sulcate, the ligneous structure
simple; petioles emarginate or the intermediate ones slightly; leaves
bitemate, nearly glabrous except both sides punctiform-glandular,
and slightly pubescent near the nerves beneath with crisp trichomes,
membranous-subcoriaceous, reticulate- veined, greenish-brown, paler
beneath, lacking mucus, pellucid-punctate and lineate; leaflets
lanceolate-oblong, the lower lateral ovate, obtuse, the others acute
both ends, sessile and with 1-3 (-5) large or small teeth near the tip
on both edges, the somewhat larger terminal often 10-12 cm. long,
4-5 cm. wide, sometimes smaller, rarely much wider; panicles mostly
paniculately racemose, crisply pubescent; flowers small or medium,
the sepals all densely tomentulose, upper petal scales merely emar-
ginate or calloused; fruit section cordate-ovate, abruptly narrowed,
little if at all contracted below the ecristate cells, glabrous as also
the endocarp, 1.5-2 cm. long, about 1-1.5 cm. wide, the seed medially
affixed. — The species name was originally in Ruiz and Pav6n's
Journal under Paullinia.
Killip and Smith noted its use as a fish stupefier.
San Martin: Valley of the Rio Mayo near Moyobamba, Weber-
bauer ^532; 289. Zepelacio, Klug 8730 (det. Standley, S. glabrata).
Tocache, Ferreyra U3^; H60. Pongo de Cainarachi, Klug 2613
(det. Standley). Juanjui, Ferreyra U55U- Tarapoto, SpriLce U139
(in part S. glabrata). — Hudnuco: Near Pozuzo, Ruiz & Pavdn, type.
Woods, Pampayacu and Cuchero, Poeppig. Distrito Divisioria,
Woytkowski Sj^56 (det. Cuatrecasas). Churubamba, Mexia 8120;
8205; 8215 (all det. Standley).— Junin: Rio Paucartambo, Valley
near Peren^ Bridge, Killip & Smith 30682 (det. Killip) ; also 25 W
in part (apparently in part S. glabrata, as det.). — Cuzco: Potrero,
Dept. Convencion 1,250 meters, Vargas 2H7 (distr. as Paullinia
species). — Loreto: Wooded banks of Lower Rio Huallaga, Killip
& Smith 29011 (det. Killip). Lorenzo, between Rios Pastaza and
Huallaga, Dennis 29282 (det. Killip, S. glabrata?). Bolivia. "Verap"
(Killip & Smith), "anti-Christo" (Mexia).
Serjania rufa Radlk. Monogr. Serj. 324. 1875; 204.
Reddish hirsutulous with mostly crisped or curved trichomes
including the 6-8 angled-sulcate branches, the bitemate leaves on
both sides, especially on the nerves, the panicles even to the sepals
320 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. XIII
but there the indument more reduced and subtomentulose; petioles
striate, emarginate or the intermediate in part margined; stipules
small, lanceolate; terminal leaflet obovate-cuneate, 8 cm. long, half
as wide, the smaller lateral rather obliquely oblong-elliptic, all
sessile, abruptly and acutely acuminate, coarsely serrate from the
middle, subcoriaceous, nitidulous above, opaque beneath, minutely
pellucid-punctate, containing mucus; panicles solitary or panicled,
often 1-1.5 dm. long, slender, the glomeruliform cincinni sessile,
the basally articulate pedicels scarcely exceeding 1 mm.; inner sepals
2 mm. long, the third and fifth united nearly to the middle; petals
2-2.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, the upper scales obcordate, the lower
aliform; ovary pilose. — Type in flower; fruit of Killip & Smith
25063, fruits 2 cm. wide, 2.5 cm. long, lightly pubescent especially
toward the subglobose cells, their pericarp subindurate, those of my
5554- similar but as wide as long. F.M. Neg. 5580.
Mashed stems used to stupefy fish (Killip & Smith) .
San Martin: Near Tarapoto, Mathews 1321, type; Spruce J!t559. —
Junin: On river bank brush near La Merced, 555 J^; Killip & Smith
238U5 (det. Killip). Colonia Peren^, KiUip & Smith 25063 (det.
Killip). Pichis Trail, Killip & Smith 25k2k. (det. Killip). Rio
Paucartambo Valley, KiUip & Smith 25376. "Verap" (Killip &
Smith).
Serjania sphaerococca Radlk. Monogr. Serj. 153. 1875; 96.
Allied to S. caracasana which it resembles except that the
younger stems, as the rachises of the inflorescences, are at least
moderately pubescent with sordid or yellowish crisp trichomes, the
leaflets lanceolate and barbate in the axils of the nerves, the inter-
mediate and lateral petioles usually margined; leaves often 16 cm.
long, 12 cm. wide, the upper gradually smaller; petioles 4-9 cm. long,
early hirtellous; leaflets narrowed both ends, equally crenate or
subserrate, the slightly larger terminal one 7-9 cm. long, 2-2.5 cm.
wide; panicles often congested at branchlet tips and much longer
than the reduced leaves; pedicels 2.5 mm. long, in fruit to 4 mm.;
inner sepals 4 mm. long; fruit 2.5-3 cm. long, about 2 cm. broad. —
Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 3: pi. 69.
Hudnuco: Chinchao, Ruiz & Pavdn. Cuchero, Poeppig, addenda
j^9. — San Martin: Juanjui, King 3800 (det. Standley, S. leptocarpa?) .
Tarapoto, Spruce U060. — Junin: Along Rio Peren^ near Colonia
Peren^, Killip & Smith 25109 (det. Killip). La Merced, Killip &
Flora of Peru 321
Smith 23 J^90?.— Ay 3LCucho: Aina, Killip & Smith 23099 (det. Killip).
Bolivia.
Serjania squarrosa Radlk. Monogr. Serj. 115. 1875; 63.
Scandent shrub with rusty-red 5-6-angulate branches 2.5 mm.
thick, the lateral lightly canaliculate, puberulent toward the tips;
central ligneous area large with only 1 or 2 small peripheral ones;
stipules lanceolate; petioles 1.5-2.5 cm. long, striate, narrowly
canaliculate above; leaves subbipinnate, 8-9 cm. long, 5-6 cm. wide,
the lower pinnae 5-foliolate-pinnate, the following ternate, the upper
simple; terminal leaflet 2 cm. long, half as wide, the lateral half as
large, all subtrinerved, subcoriaceous, paler beneath, the smaller
ovate, cuneate at base, sessile, crenate or subserrate, scabrous
above, below on nerves a few scattered long trichomes and barbate
in the lower axils, epunctate or minutely and very obscurely punc-
tate, the epidermis containing mucus; rachis margined above;
panicles 7 or 8 cm. long, squarrosely spreading, about one- third
floriferous, puberulent, the free sepals sordidly; bracts and bractlets
subulate; flowers "rather large"; petals attenuate-obovate, glanduli-
ferous within, flabellately nerved, the scales of the upper with
deflexed appendage; stamens a little pilose; fruit cordate-ovate,
2 cm. long, as broad below, sometimes suborbicular, excised base
and apex, the cells dorsally cristate, puberulent, the endocarp
whitish villous. — Male flowers in type imperfect from fungus.
Most of the following material was distributed as S. platypetala
and some of it at least may belong there if that form is separable.
F.M. Negs. 5979; 36051.
Apurimac: Abancay, 2,400 meters, Vargas 9Jt3. — Cuzco: Pachar,
2,900 meters, Pennell 13688. Huasao, Prov. Quispicanchi, Herrera
687. Ollantaitambo, Cook & Gilbert 603 (det. Killip, S. brachypterd) ;
Pennell 13685; Cook & Gilbert 389; Herrera 8j^9a.—Funo: Ollachea,
Soukup 500. Without locality, Gay, type. "Huecjucjilla," "be-
juchilla" (both, Cook & Gilbert).
Serjania striata Radlk. Monogr. Serj. 280. 1875; 172.
Scandent shrub, glabrous except for some scattered trichomes
on the imparipinnate leaves beneath on the nerves and at the
margins, barbellate in the nerve axils, the tomentulose inner sepals
and the apex of the young fruit; branches about 10-striate, 10-
costate, the ligneous structure simple; petioles and leaf-rachises
striate, emarginate, unless the lateral; stipules small, ovate; leaves
16 cm. long, 14 cm. wide, the ovate leaflets 5-7 cm. long, 3-4 cm.
322 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. XIII
wide, 3 pairs, the lower pinnae temate, the next often tripartite,
rarely subentire, the lower obtuse, the rest acute or caudate, the
terminal leaflet often tripartite or pinnate, all dentate or nearly
lobed, rather obovate and plicate, membranous, somewhat lustrous
above, paler beneath, true pellucid-punctae lacking, epidermis
lacking mucus; panicles solitary on stipes 5-10 mm. long, the 3-5
mm. long puberulent pedicels articulate below the middle; outer
sepals glabrous, the inner 5 mm. long; petals 6 mm. long, 3 mm.
wide, both the upper and lower scales bicruriate; fruit (young)
oblong, the cells villous-tomentose with seed at base, the endocarp
glabrous. — The Goodspeed collection matches the photograph but
the leaflet divisions are smaller. F.M. Neg. 36052.
Apurimac: Rio Pachachaca, 3-4 meters in shrubs, flowers waxy
white, 2,000 meters, Goodspeed Exped. 10521 (det. Standley). —
Cuzco: Gay, type.
Serjania striolata Radlk. Bot. Jahrb. 37. 147. 1905; 170.
Like S. oxyphylla but the branches ashy-pubescent at tip,
minutely puberulent between the costae, the leaves imparipinnate
with 3-4 pairs, the lower pinnae mostly 5-foliate-pinnate, the next
temate, the upper simple, all multinerved, the nerves spreading;
punctae not obvious; terminal leaflet acutely subulate-caudate,
the lateral obtuse, all with 8-12 approximate nerves; panicles
solitary, ashy-pubescent except the 1.5 mm. long pedicels that are
articulate below the middle; sepals glabrous except ciliate-glandular;
buds 1.5 mm. long, the opened flowers unknown. — It seems possible
that this could be a vigorous state of S. oxyphylla. F.M. Neg. 5582.
Ancash: In wood near river, 2,200 meters, Huaraz, Weherhauer
3031, type; 172.
Serjania subrotundifolia Radlk. Monogr. Serj. Suppl. 118.
1886; 132.
Somewhat pubescent liana, the younger branches as the in-
florescence reddish hirtellous, the older glabrate, 8-sulcate, 8-costate,
the composite wood with as many peripheral areas; leaves biternate,
the upper 15 cm. long, 12 cm. wide, membranous-coriaceous, lustrous
both sides, brownish, containing mucus, pellucid-punctate, glabrous
above, puberulent beneath, especially on the arcuate-ascending
lateral nerves and at the margins; leaflets elliptic, the lower lateral
subrotund, retuse and with apical callose on the lower side, subentire,
attenuate or contracted at the subsessile base, the terminal 6.5 cm.
Flora of Peru 323
long, 3.5 cm. wide, the lateral 2.5 cm. long, hardly 2 cm. wide;
petioles all emarginate; panicles congested, the cincinni stiped, the
pedicels barely 2 mm. long; inner sepals less than 2.5 mm. long,
tomentulose, the half as long outer ones also a little hirtellous;
petals 2.5 mm. long, scarcely 1 mm. wide, the upper scale crest
dilated, the lower dentiform; stamens villous, anthers glabrous
as the rudimentary ovary. — The type number as in Kew is the
same number (maybe the same species?) as the dubious collection
of S. membranacea.
Puno: Lechler 2SS1, type {2332 in herb. Kew).
Serjania sufferuginea [R. &. P.] Radlk. Monogr. Serj. 299.
1875; 176.
Scandent shrub, the 6-striate subterete branches sufferrugineous-
tomentose, about 3.5 mm. thick; ligneous structure composite, the
small peripheral areas 3; stipules small, ovate; petioles all emarginate
tomentose as the bitemate leaves especially beneath, these 16 cm.
long, 14 cm. wide, rather fleshy membranous, minutely pellucid
with orbicular punctae, the epidermis lacking mucus; terminal
leaflet 9 cm. long, 4.2 cm. wide, subrhombic-lanceolate, the elliptic-
lanceolate lateral gradually reduced, all sessile or the terminal
attenuate to short i)etiolule, crenate, acute; panicles solitary (perhaps
not always), the peduncles 5-angled, the rachises terete, loosely
and interruptedly cincinniferous, at least the lower branchlets
verticillately congested on stipes about 12 mm. long, the upper with
stipes 3-4 mm. long; pedicels 5 mm. long, articulate above the base,
rusty-puberulent as all the sepals, the inner 4.5 mm. long; petals
nearly 5 mm. long, about 2.5 mm. wide, the upper scales obcordate,
the lower obliquely winged; young fruit subtruncate, tomentose and
with some spreading reddish long trichomes, the endocarp floccose,
the seed at the base of the cells.— Scrap of type at Chicago consists
of the very young fruit; the closely hirsute cells would doubtless
match later those of S. mollis as cited but type of that perhaps less
hirsute. The herbarium name was the same at Madrid by Ruiz,
under another genus. Here might be sought S. rigida Radlk. forma
hirta Radlk., 176, of adjacent Bolivia, the flowering stems only
2 mm. thick, partial petioles margined, leaflets beneath and branch-
lets reddish hirsute-tomentose with crisped trichomes, epidermis
containing mucus; there is a glabrous or nearly glabrous form; see
under S. inflata.
Hudnuco: Vitoc, Ruiz & Pavdn, tjrpe. Bolivia.
324 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. XIII
Serjania tenuifolia Radlk. Monogr. Serj. 220. 1875; 132.
Essentially glabrous, indument when present a minute puberu-
lence on the midnerve of the rather coarsely and somewhat double-
serrate leaflets, especially above and in the inflorescences; wood
composite, the peripheral columns suborbicular; branches about 8,
sulcate-costate, not canaliculate, the flowering 3-5 mm. thick;
leaves biternate, thin- or rather firm-membranous; darkening in
herbaria, the ovate-elliptic or suboblong leaflets mostly lineately
pellucid but also somewhat punctate, epidermis containing mucus;
the basally attenuate terminal 10-15 cm. long, about half as wide,
the lateral often only half as large, all acuminate or more usually
obtuse and mucronate or barely acute; petioles emarginate; in-
florescences mostly terminal, the cincinni sessile, scarcely crowded;
pedicels slender to at least 3 mm. long; sepals all pulverulent, 2 mm.
long; petals nearly 3 mm. long; fruit (half mature in type) ovate,
glabrous including endocarp, style pilose, seed near base of cell,
in Woytkowski specimen 2 cm. broad and long, little constricted
at the obscurely veined subtrigonous cells. — Stem climbing about
6 meters, latex white, leaves thin, soft, the nerves paler, petals
greenish-white (Woytkowski).
San Martin: Hera near Moyobamba, Woytkowski 35313 (distr.
as S. brachyptera Radlk.). — Junin: Thickets along Rio Peren^,
Killip & Smith 25138 (probably, but young; distr. as S. inflata). —
Loreto: Yurimaguas, Poeppig, addenda 92, type.
Serjania trirostris Radlk. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 149.
1914; 200.
Glabrate or lightly puberulent as the tips of the nearly terete
striate branches; wood composite with 6 peripheral areas; stipules
small, deltoid; petioles all emarginate, the common one 3-4 cm. long;
leaves biternate, the terminal leaflet 9 cm. long, 4 cm. wide, all sub-
sessile, ovate-oblong-lanceolate, remotely and obtusely dentate from
the middle, subcoriaceous, glabrous above except the midnerve, very
sparsely crisped puberulent beneath, olive-green, epunctate, the
epidermis containing mucus; panicles dense, the short recurving
cincinni subsessile, the fruiting pedicels only 3 mm. long, articulate
below the middle; flowers white, 2 mm. long and broad, the sepals
all puberulent, the inner 2 mm. long, the third and fifth connate
below; upper scales with deflexed appendage, long-barbate, the lower
comiform; fruit sparsely crisped pubescent, 2 cm. long, nearly as
thick (doubtless larger at maturity) the cells dorsally produced into
Flora of Peru 325
erect-spreading beaks. — Resembles S. deltoidea with compoundly
divided leaves (Radlkofer). F.M. Neg. 9560.
Ayacucho: Afna, KiUip & Smith 23099? — Loreto: Yarinacocha
on the Rio Ucayali, Tessmann SSll, type; also SSI la. Bolivia.
2. PAULLINIA L.
With the habit of Serjania but flowers usually larger, leaves
often pinnately 5-foliolate and especially fruit a leathery 3-valved
capsule, the often reddish or yellowish 1-3-seeded valves winged or
ribbed, sometimes spiny. Flowers borne in axillary panicles that
are often racemiform or spiciform. Sepals 5, 2 of the inner more or
less united, imbricate. Petals 4, each with a crested hooded scale, the
upp)er ones with a deflexed appendage, barbate below. Disk glands 4.
Seeds more or less arillate. — Spruce noted the native names "Cu-
pana," "guarana" and "timbo" for some Amazonian species.
P. yoco Schultes & Killip and P. cupana HBK. are noteworthy
as containing enough caffein so that a stimulating beverage is made
from them — as noted below — while several other species are of
interest as serving the natives as fish stupefiers and one at least
(P. cururu L.) is in some kinds of curare poison.
Fruits echinate except P. neglecta; leaves all quinate or temate or
rarely 5-foliolate in P. neglecta.
Leaflets all or in part entire; fruits spinose.
Leaves often quinate; stems yellow setulose P. echinata.
Leaves temate and obscurely pubescent as the stems . P. hystriz.
Leaves temate and glabrous as the stems.
Leaflets reticulate veined; fmit firm, densely echinate.
P. paiUlinioides.
Leaflets subclathrate veined ; fmit spongy, sparsely echinate.
P. Sprucei.
Leaflets serrate toward tip; fmits smooth P. neglecta.
Fmits smooth, sometimes alate; leaves not simply quinate or temate
unless sometimes the uppermost temate.
Fmits alate (known); leaflets (Pern) acute or acutely short-
acuminate, unless P. Killipii.
Leaf rachis obviously margined, sometimes narrowly or the
leaves pinnate unless in P. enneaphyUa.
Leaves pinnate or lowest pair of leaflets temate or pinnate.
326 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. XIII
Lower leaflets pinnate; plants setose-hispid P. hispida.
Lower leaflets often temate.
Leaflets nearly linear, 4-9 mm. wide P. linearis.
Leaflets lanceolate or ovate, wider.
Leaves pinnate with narrow leaflets.
Stems setulose P. tenera.
Stems glabrous P. fistuhsa.
Leaves bitemate with rather ovate leaflets.
P. serjaniaefolia.
Leaves 5-foliolate.
Stipules conspicuous, persisting; leaflets if dentate not only
at base.
Branches if setulose not angulately; wood simple.
Stems glabrous or minutely setulose.
Stipules often longer than 7 mm.; fruits obovate.
P. caloptera.
Stipules usually shorter than 6 mm.; fruits sub-
orbicular P. serjaniaefolia.
Stems conspicuously setulose P. setosa.
Branches barbate on angles; wood composite.
P. trilatera.
Stipules minute.
Leaflets often 1-2 dentate near base P. bidentata.
Leaflets closely denticulate P. enneaphylla.
Leaf rachis emarginate (see P. enneaphylla).
Indument clearly hispid-setose, often dense on petioles and
upper stems; panicles soHtary.
Stipules fimbriate, conspicuous P. fissistipula.
Stipules entire P. acviangula.
Indument nearly lacking to pilose-tomentose.
Wood simple; panicles soHtary or glomerate.
Panicles solitary (species ill-defined, may be ecotypes).
Stems lightly pubescent or glabrate P. nobilis.
Stems densely pubescent.
Leaves at maturity ample P. gigantea.
Leaves small, the leaflets less than 1 dm. long.
P. dasystachya.
Flora of Peru 327
Panicles glomerate in the leaf axils.
Leaves small, pilose beneath P. martinensis.
Leaves ample, glabrous.
Stipules conspicuous P. Killipii.
Stipules small, subulate P. exalata.
Wood composite; panicles unless uppermost openly fas-
cicled P. Alsmithii.
Fruits exalate (known); leaflets often obtusely short-acuminate
(merely apiculate in P. subroiunda), the rachis often dis-
tinctly wing-margined (in Peru) if leaflets notably acute.
Leaflets usually rounded or obtuse, often mucronate or callose
or if acutish, petioles and rachis not wing-margined.
Leaf rachis as often petioles at least narrowly margined; wood
simple unless in P. pinnata; panicles not glomerate.
Leaves subbitemate, the first pair of leaflets usually
temate P. pachycarpa.
Leaves 5-foliolate or imparipinnate and often 2-4 pairs.
Petioles emarginate; capsules subglobose.
P. spliaerocarpa.
Petioles at least narrowly margined.
Leaflets sharply dentate P. Josecuatrii.
Leaflets subentire or the teeth few, obtuse.
Leaves 5-foliolate; petioles margined.
Stipules minute.
Leaflets subentire; ovary as style puberulent.
Leaflets chartaceous, pale, subentire . P. laeta.
Leaflets rigid, drying dark, 1-2-dentate.
P. subauriculata.
Leaflets remotely dentate; ovary as style gla-
brous P. pinnata.
Stipules about 1 cm. long P. simulans.
Leaves usually with 2-4 pairs of leaflets; petioles
broadly winged.
Ovary glabrous; leaflets 2 pairs P. oUvacea.
Ovary tomentose; leaflets 3-4 pairs. P. pterophylla.
Leaf rachis as petioles emarginate; wood sometimes com-
posite.
Stipules entire, often deciduous or inconspicuous.
328 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. XIII
Panicles solitary, sometimes disposed apically, elongate.
Leaf nerves subparallel, usually all less than 1 cm.
distant, venation clathrate; ovary tomentose.
Leaflet acumen entire P. elongata, P. faginea.
Leaflet acumen bidenticulate, short. .P. subrotunda.
Leaf nerves arcuate-spreading, variously distant.
Wood simple; plants often somewhat pubescent.
Leaflets consistently small, terminal rarely and
little longer than 1 dm.; stems striate or
costate; ovary tomentose (known).
Leaflets entire or subentire.
Stipules about 5 mm. long, persisting.
P. itayensis.
Stipules minute, caducous.
Panicles at most about as long as leaves.
Leaflets entire unless 1-2 callose near
base; panicle rachis nearly glabrous;
leaflet acumen broad . . P. uchocacha.
Leaflets subdenticulate toward tip;
panicle rachis puberulent; leaflet
acumen slender P. curvicuspis.
Panicles often exceeding leaves, mostly
borne apically P. capreolata.
Leaflets coarsely dentate, usually to below the
middle.
Leaflets firm; acumen obtuse.
Venation reticulate; panicle rachis to 1.5
mm. thick P. sphaerocarpa.
Venation clathrate; panicle rachis rather
stout P. obovata.
Leaflets diaphanous in herb.; acumen acute.
P. tenuifolia.
Leaflets consistently medium to large, lateral
usually well exceeding 1 dm.; stems often
sulcate; ovary or fruit glabrous.
Leaflets all long-cuneate to long petiolules.
P. cuneata.
Leaflets not cuneate-based except terminal.
Flora of Peru 329
Venation clathrate.
Petals 2.3 mm. long P. yoco.
Petals 4 to nearly 5 mm. long. .P. cupana.
Venation reticulate.
Stipules minute, caducous; stems striate-
costate.
Ovary pubescent; petals 3 mm. long;
acumen broad P. tarapotensis.
Ovary glabrous; petals 4 mm. long;
acumen narrow P. mazanensis.
Stipules to 8 mm. long, persisting; stems
angled, sulcate.
Flowers 3 mm. long, bracts minute;
leaflets acuminate P. simiUans.
Flowers 4.5 mm. long, bracts large;
leaflets obtusish P. Mariae.
Wood composite; plants glabrous or nearly, leaflets
medium size, reticulate; ovary glabrous.
Leaves 5-foliolate, pellucid lineolate ... P. spicata.
Leaves usually temate in part, obscurely pellucid.
P. neglecta.
Panicles glomerate, stout; ovary pubescent.
Leaflets glabrous, ample; wood composite. .P. exalata.
Leaflets pubescent, medium; wood simple.
P. martinensis.
Stipules stellately incised, persisting.
Stems short-hirtellous P. rugosa.
Stems long-hispid P. fissisHpiUa.
Leaflets acute or acutely acuminate and petioles or rachis wing-
margined (P. alata sometimes apiculate or obtusish).
Panicles solitary.
Panicles rather robust, the rachis several mm. thick; leaf-
lets about elliptic.
Leaves pilose beneath; fruits tomentose; wood composite.
P. eriocarpa.
Leaves subglabrous even beneath; fruits glabrous; wood
simple P. imberbis.
330 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. XIII
Panicles slender, rachis to 1.5 mm. thick; leaflets oblong-
lanceolate; wood composite P. pinnata.
Panicles glomerate on stems or branches; wood composite.
P. rhizantha, P. alata.
Paullinia acutangula (R. & P.) Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 443. 1805;
324. Semarillaria acutangula R. & P. Prodr. 54. 1794. P. lactescens
Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 37. 1844.
High-climbing with 4-5-angled and thus 4-5-sulcate branches
sordidly or yellowish hirsute-hispid especially on the angles; wood
simple; stipules lanceolate-subulate, about 1.5 cm. long, 3 mm. wide
at base, hirsute beneath, glabrous above as the 5-foliolate-pinnate
leaves; petioles 4-8 cm. long, hirsute, more or less 3-4-angled but
emarginate as also the somewhat shorter rachis, both pilose-hirsute;
leaflets 10-15 (20) cm. long, 3-7 (9) cm. wide, or the terminal
a little larger and cuneate at base, the upper lateral broadly acute,
the lower rounded, all subsessile, oblong-elliptic-lanceolate to rather
broadly elliptic-obovate, cuspidate-acuminate, above the middle
remotely serrate-dentate, the teeth mostly mucronulate, mem-
branous, somewhat hispidulous beneath especially on nerves and
veins, above punctate-pellucid, lacking mucus; panicles solitary,
hirsute, the many-flowered cincinni stiped, the pedicels very short;
inner sepals about 4 mm. long, glabrous, the outer puberulent;
petals obovate; ovary hirsute; capsule obcordate-subrhomboid,
shortly stiped, 2 cm. long, half as wide, hirsute within and without,
the wings abruptly attenuate above the middle, the seeds apparently
glabrous. — Leaflet acumination in type to 12 mm. long, very acute.
Stems about 5 cm. thick, lactescent, the cinnamon-colored bark
rigid-hirsute (Poeppig). F.M. Neg. 23639.
Huanuco: Muiia, Ruiz & Pavdn, type. In woods at Pampayacu,
Poeppig 1758 (type, P. lactescens). — San Martin: San Roque,
Williams 71^7^- — Junin: Cahuapanas on Rio Pichis, Killip & Smith
26760 (det. Standley, P. nohilis). — Loreto: Yurimaguas to Bal-
sapuerto, Killip & Smith 28259 (det. Killip) ; 29050; 28662. Bolivia.
Paullinia alata (R. & P.) G. Don, Gen. Syst. 1: 660. 1831; 242.
Semarillaria alata R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 4: pi. 3^0. 1802.
Younger scandent branches triangular, more or less 6-costate and
sparsely crisped puberulent, the older soon twice as thick (6-8 mm.)
or larger and 3-sulcate; wood composite with 3 peripheral areas;
stipules 4 mm. long, lanceolate-subulate; petioles and leaf-rachises
winged, the former 4-6 cm. long, the latter 2-3 cm. long, the wings
Flora of Peru 331
each side 1.5-2.5 (-5) mm. wide, petiolules scarcely 2 mm. long,
leaves 5-foliolate-pinnate, the leaflets in type oblong-lanceolate but
apparently often broadly elliptic in variants, remotely dentate
(Peruvian) terminal 8-13 cm. X 3-5 cm., rest smaller or subentire,
membranous, nitidulous both sides, above on nerves, all over beneath
sparsely pubescent (rarely rather densely) and in the nerve axils
pilose, in tjrpe glabrescent in age, microscopically glandular and
subpellucid-lineolate, the epidermis lacking mucus but lower sides
sparsely crystallophorous; panicles 1.5-2 cm. long, appressed
yellowish-puberulent, borne on the branches, often fasciculate-
glomerate, the lower cincinni stiped, the upper sessile, the pedicels
3-4 mm. long, articulate above the middle; flowers 3.5 mm. long;
2 outer sepals less than half as long as the subglabrous inner, rotund
ovate, appressed puberulent; upper petals obovate-oblong, much
longer clawed than the lower oblong ones; ovary yellowish pilose;
capsule apparently subglobose, in var. loretana obovoid, about 2 cm.
long, shortly stiped, sparsely puberulent, the seeds medially arillate.
— See also P. rhizantha which may be distinct, the type of P. alata
having lanceolate leaflets. Stems to 6 meters tall and 2 cm. in
diameter; red fruit valves with black lustrous white-arilled seed
(Stork, Horton & Vargas).
All of the material from Loreto has much larger leaves but
apparently is not otherwise different; it may represent P. rhizantha
but I hesitate to use that name as the description does not quite
accord and some specimens approach the typical form; for con-
venience this then may be designated P. alata, var. loretana Macbr.,
var. nov., foliolis late ellipticis vel paullo obovatis interdum fere
1.5 dm. longis, 6-8 cm. latis. More distinctive is a collection that is
softly pubescent and may prove to be distinct but in the absence of
fruit may be treated as var. pubens Macbr., var. nov., ramulis
foliisque praecipue subtus molliter pubescentibus cum pilis flavis;
foliolis late ellipticis vel subobovatis 5-8 cm. latis, 10-12 cm. longis,
solum mucronato-apiculatis. P. largifolia Radlk., 241, and P.
densiflora Smith, 241, of the Amazon and Colombia respectively,
have temate leaves, the former with the panicles at defoliate nodes,
the latter in the axils of young leaves. P. fascicukUa Radlk., 242,
is more like P. alata var. loretana but has lustrous membranous
nearly glabrous leaves.
According to Kanehira used as a fish poison.
San Martin: Tarapoto, WiUiams 6092. Tingo Maria, Allard
2051 S. — Hudnuco: Chicoplaya, Ruiz & Pav&n, type. Pampayacu,
332 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. XIII
Kanehira US. Prov. Huamalies, Stork & Horton 9564^ ^YP^, var.
pubens. Zepelacio, Klug 3263 (more pilose). — Loreto: Caballo-
Cocha, Williams 2339, type, var. loretana. Balsapuerto, Klug 2879
(det. Standley). Iquitos, Killip & Smith 27^21. Yurimaguas,
Williams J/Sl 7. Florida, Klug 1 993. — Cuzco : Deep woods, Echarate,
Goodspeed Exped. 104-5^ (det. Standley). Brazil to Panama.
"Macote" (Kanehira).
Paullinia Alsmithii Macbr., sp. nov.
Scandens fruticosa; ramis valde sulcato-costatis ramulis petiolis
paniculisque crispe pulverulento-strigillosis floriferis circa 7 mm.
crassis (corpus lignosum compositum); stipulis subulatis 6-10 mm.
longis, 0.5-1 mm. latis; petiolis costato-striatis et rhachis emargin-
atis, petiolulis 5-10 mm. longis; foliolis 5 late oblongo- vel ovato-
ellipticis basi plus minusve inequaliter rotundatis, apice breviter
subacute acuminatis plerumque 8-15 cm. longis, 4-7.5 cm. latis char-
taceis pellucido-punctatis-lineolatis remote repando-denticulatis
subclathrato-reticulato-venosis supra glabris subtus molliter puber-
ulo-pilosis; paniculis racemiformis 4-7 cm. longis 1-5 in axillis folio-
rum sessilibus vel superioribus interdum longe pedunculatis; bracteis
et bracteolis minutis; cincinnis breviter stipitatis remotis; pedicellis
3-5 mm. longis basi articulatis; sepalis subglabris interioribus circa
4 mm. longis; petalis oblongo-ellipticis; capsulis subrotundatis triala-
tis circa 1.5 cm. longis et latis glabratis, abrupte plus minusve stipi-
tatis. — Seems to be well-marked, possibly related to P. nobilis.
Loreto: Iquitos, Killip & Smith 26939, type; 27170; 27290; 2720k-
Paullinia bidentata Radlk. Monogr. Paull. 195. 1895; 276.
Nearly glabrous (but inflorescence unknown) scandent shrub
with terete branches, the wood simple; stipules minute, deltoid,
axillary, geminate, pilose as margined petioles; somewhat winged
leaf rachises, each about 3 cm. long, the 5-foliolate-pinnate leaves
as broad as long, about 18 cm., the upper leaflets 11-12 cm. long,
3 cm. wide, the lower 8 cm. long, 2.5 cm. wide, all lanceolate, gradu-
ally acuminate, the upper acute at base, sessile, the lower subtruncate,
subauriculate-bidentate, shortly petioled, pinnate-nerved, the nerves
arcuate-ascending, reticulate-veined, membranous, sparsely barbate
in the nerve axils, epunctate, containing mucus. — Placed by the
author with P. suhauriculata. F.M. Neg. 31037.
Cajamarca: Tambillo, Jelski kl2, type.
Flora of Peru 333
Paullinia caloptera Radlk. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
3, 5: 304. 1895; 329. P. WiUiamsi Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 27.
1931.
Scandent, subglabrous, the branches triangular, the leaves
5-foliolate-pinnate with 4-sulcate or somewhat margined petioles
2-5 cm. long, the prominent linear-lanceolate acuminate stipules
7-17 mm. long; rachis often conspicuously winged, 5 mm. wide, the
sparsely pulverulent and ciliolate-hirsutulous leaflets ovate-lanceo-
late, subsessile or shortly petioled, acutely acuminate, nearly entire
or remotely 3-5-dentate especially toward the tip, laxly reticulate,
dull both sides, minutely punctate beneath, 3-3.5 cm. wide, 8-10
cm. long; inflorescence solitary, 2-3 cm. long, softly puberulent, the
very short ramuli only 3-5-flowered; sepals minutely pulverulent,
the outer 1.5, inner 3 mm. long; petals pilose at base. — With the
appearance of P. laeta and P. subauriculata but the leaflets acutish-
acuminate, the stipules large, the stems trigonous. The Peruvian
plant is slightly more puberulent than the typical form from Brazil
and Venezuela and when fruits are known may prove to be dis-
tinguishable at least varietally. P. emetica Schultes, Caldasia 2:
420. 1944, of southeastern Colombia has thin-membranous leaves
and erect lax inflorescences to 2 dm. long; an infusion of the leaves is
known to have been used as an emetic. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras.
13, pt. 3: pi. 89.
Loreto: Rio Nanay, Williams 1196 (type, P. WiUiamsi). Mishu-
yacu, Kliig 91 S; IJ^SS. Timbuchi, Rio Nanay, Williams 982.
Venezuela; Amazonian Brazil. "Sapu-wasca" (Williams).
Paullinia capreolata (Aublet) Radlk. Monogr. Serj. 70. 1875;
300. Enourea capreolata Aublet, PI. Guian. 1 : 587. pi 235. 1775.
Liana, essentially glabrous except for the puberulent younger
branches, these terete, lenticellate, soon 3-4 mm. thick, and the
solitary or sometimes paniculate panicles, these 1.5-2.5 dm. long,
slender, (rachis 1-2 mm. thick), laxly flowered, the cincinni sessile
or shortly stiped; wood simple; petioles and rachis emarginate;
leaves pinnately 5-foliolate, the upper leaflets elliptic or elliptic-
lanceolate, the lower ovate, all subentire or rarely denticulate
apically, often undulate, shortly j)etiolulate or subsessile, 5-10 cm.
long, obtusely acuminate, rounded or acutish at base or the terminal
basally acute, lustrous both sides, micro-glandular, epidermis con-
taining mucus, laxly transversely veined, few-nerved, chartaceous or
subcoriaceous; bracts and bractlets minute, the pedicels about 2 mm.
334 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. XIII
long, articulate medially; outer sepals scarcely a third as long as the
more or less connate subpetaloid inner, these 2.5 mm. long, all
ashy-tomentulose without; petals oval-obovate, the scales more or
less barbate including the bifid appendage; filaments complanate,
densely reddish-long pilose, the anthers glabrous; capsules depressed
globose, subsessile, glabrate without, lanate within, about 1.5 cm.
long, nearly 2 cm. broad; seed surrounded by the fleshy farinaceous
aril. — The branchlets of the Loreto specimens are notably lenti-
cellate; the minutely and sparsely puberulent subglobose fruits are
about 12 mm. in diameter, stipes 3 mm. long, pedicels 4 mm. long.
P. firma Radlk,, 299, is similar but the leaves are rigid coriaceous.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 695; 759; 870. Florida, Klug 1979
(det. Standley). Ucayali, Tessmann Jt.162. To Venezuela and
British Guiana. "Tingui" (Amazonian), "enourou" (Guiana).
Paullinia cuneata Radlk. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 150.
1914; 281.
Nearly glabrous, suffrutescent, the younger branches sulcate,
sparsely puberulent, the wood simple, the leaves 5-foliolate-pinnate;
stipules linear, lightly pilose, to 15 mm. long; petioles as rachis
emarginate, the former a dm. long or longer, the lower leaflets with
petiolules to 14 mm. long, the upper subsessile, obovate-cuneate,
10 cm. long or longer, 7-9 cm. wide, very shortly obtuse-acuminate,
remotely subrepand-dentate from the middle, the short teeth
spreading, nerves obliquely erect, prominent both sides, lustrous,
glabrous, epunctate; panicles solitary, dense, sessile; bracts subulate,
2 mm. long; outer sepals minutely puberulent, the broadly obovate
inner 2 mm. long, glandular-ciliolate, otherwise glabrous; petals
oblong, 2.5 mm. long, the scales with puberulent deflexed appendage.
— Similar to P. cupana HBK., 281, scandent or suberect shrub of
Venezuela and Amazonian Brazil — possibly also Peru — source of
"Guarana" but that with lateral leaflets ovate, rounded at base,
scabrous-glandular beneath, sepals sparsely setulose-pilose. — Type
from Cobijn, Bolivia (Ule 9571) near Madre de Dios.
Peru (no doubt; cf. note above). Bolivia; Brazil?
Paullinia cupana HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 117. 1821; 281.
Scandent or suberect liana, the apically brownish-pilose branches
soon glabrous and deeply 4-5 sulcate, the flowering 4-8 mm, thick,
the wood simple; stipules 2-3 mm. long, petioles and rachis emar-
ginate, canaliculate above, convex and lightly striate beneath;
Flora of Peru 335
leaflets 5, the upper oblong, the lower ovate, the short acumen more
or less obtuse, the terminal leaflet acute or subcuneate at base, the
lateral rounded or more or less petiolulate and remotely subrepand-
dentate, the dentations sometimes obscure, mostly prominent and
obtuse, usually 1-2 dm. long, 4.5 to 9 cm. wide, coriaceous, obscurely
clathrate-veined, glabrate both sides, obsoletely pellucid-punctate,
epidermis lacking mucus; panicles solitary, sessile or peduncled, the
subvillous rachis about 2 mm. thick, the rather remote cincinni
sessile, few-flowered; bracts subulate, 1-1.5 mm. long, pedicels
articulate below the middle, 4-5 mm. long; inner sepals 3 mm. long,
submembranous, all laxly hirsutulous, free; petals oblong, 5 mm.
long; filaments pilose, anthers glabrous; ovary glabrous, ~ stiped,
ellipsoid as the apiculate capsule, this brownish-tomentose within,
2-3.5 cm. long, deep red at maturity, the stipe finally 6-8 mm. long,
seed about 12 mm. long, glabrous. — Var. sorbilis (Mart.) Ducke,
Rodriguesia 3: 155-156. 1937 and Archiv. Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio Jan.
4: 47. 1938, differs in having tendrils, especially in the inflorescence,
often subentire leaflets, slightly smaller flowers, much smaller fruits,
these ovoid or spheroid, 15-18 mm. long, brilliant red, lustrous
(Ducke). Here may be mentioned Mexia 6297 with fusiform ellip-
soid fruits about 3 cm. long, leaflets remotely dentate, 1-1.5 dm.
long, referred to P. tarapotensis by Standley but with the venation
of P. cupana: it may not be related here but the native names
"Ycanchem" (Huitoto) and "lucumia" may be recorded. Illus-
trated, Radlkofer, I.e. 282; Ducke, Rodriguesia I.e.
The seeds of P. cupana and var. sorbilis are pulverized and mixed
with cassava flour (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and formed into
molds which are known as "pasta guarana" and dissolved as desired
in hot or cold water; the caffein content of the "pasta" is three to
six per cent, tannin two to three per cent so the beverage is astringent
(Schultes). Cf. Radlkofer I.e. for bibliography pertaining to medi-
cinal use.
Peru (possibly, see note above). Colombia to Venezuela and
Amazonian Brazil. "Cupana," "guarana."
Paullinia curvicuspis Radlk. Monogr. Paull. 237. 1895; 301.
Branches terete, substriate, sordidly pulverulent, finally sub-
glabrous, the wood simple, the leaves 5-foliolate-pinnate; petioles
and rachises emarginate, the former 3-6 cm. long, the petiolules 2-5
mm. long; leaflets 5-10 cm. long, elliptic-lanceolate, with narrow,
elongate, obtusish curved acumen, the terminal cuneate at base.
336 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. XIII
the lateral subacute, all remotely denticulate above the middle,
petiolulate, few-nerved, narrowly transversely veined, subchar-
taceous, nitidulous and glabrous both sides but often barbulate in the
nerve axils beneath, microscopically glandular, containing mucus;
panicles solitary, the remote cincinni shortly stiped or subsessile,
the pedicels 2 mm. long, medially articulate; flowers medium in size,
all sepals canescent puberulent without; scales villous, the upper
bifid; filaments with some long reddish trichomes; otherwise known.
Puno: San Govdn, (Lechler 2358, type; 8277).
Paullinia dasystachya Radlk. Monogr. Paull. 270. 1895; 325.
Closely allied to and apparently not specifically distinct from
P. gigantea but the pubescence hirsute-tomentose; petioles 2-6 cm.
long, tomentose; leaflets 5-8 cm. long, 2-3.5 cm. wide, ovate-oblong,
acute or acutish, chartaceous, sparsely and minutely pubescent
above, slightly pellucid punctate-lineolate, coarsely serrate-dentate,
the few teeth obtuse; panicles yellowish-tomentose, cincinni long-
stiped, the fruiting pedicels about 4 mm. long, articulate at base:
sepals tomentose; capsule 3-winged, emarginate, the stipe about
3 mm. long, hirtellous-tomentulose without, pilose within, the seeds
lightly pilose. — Mexia 6773 from near Guayaquil, determined as P.
quitensis Radlk. 325, is probably better placed here. It is another
segregate, similar in pubescence but ovate leaflets remotely or
obsoletely dentate, epunctate, the tomentose capsule truncate on
stipe 1 cm. long.
Loreto: Florida, Rio Putumayo, Klug 2091; 2186? (det. Standley,
P. coloptera). Iquitos, Killip & Smith 27131. Pebas, Williams
18J^3. Bolivia; Ecuador.
Paullinia echinata Huber, Bol. Mus. Goeldi 4: 582. Aug. 1905;
303. P. echinata Radlk. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 153. Sept. 1905.
More or less reddish setulose high climbing liana, the pubescence
extending to the petioles, leaves both sides, especially on the nerves
and subclathrate veins, and the 3-5 fasciculately aggregate panicles
that are borne on the older branches; petioles 1-2 dm. long, subterete,
the sulcate petiolules 1.5-2.5 cm. long; leaves ternate or quinate,
the obovate leaflets shortly and narrowly acuminate, 15-25 cm. long,
6-10 cm. wide, entire or appearing repand when unequally revolute,
rigid-coriaceous, in age merely somewhat scabrous above, nitidulous
both sides, containing mucus; panicles 1-2 dm. long, the sessile
cincinni 4-6-flowered, the pedicels medially articulate, 3 mm. long,
Flora of Peru 337
8 in fruit; sepals tomentulose, the inner 4.5 mm. long; petals obovate
oval, glandular both sides; filaments rufous villous; capsule ellipsoid-
globose, on stipe 5-7 mm. long, densely echinate and setulose, the
spines rather rigid, about 4 mm. long. — Flowers pale rose (Ule).
F.M. Neg. 5597.
Loreto: Cerro de Canchahuaya, common in woods, on the
Ucayali, Huber IW, type. Yurimaguas, Ule 6865; Kuhlmann
209S1; Williams S992; Jt952. Puerto Arturo, KiUip & Smith 27880.
Brazil.
Paullinia elongata Radlk. Monogr. Paull. 238. 1895; 302.
Scandent terete striate branches yellowish-tomentulose with
a hirtellous indument; wood simple; stipules conspicuous, elliptic-
lanceolate, coriaceous, tomentose both sides, about 5 mm. long;
petioles and rachises emarginate, the former 5-8 cm. long, the
petiolules 1-2 mm. long; leaves 5-foliolate-pinnate, the leaflets
elliptic, obtusely acuminate, the terminal cuneate at base, the others
acute, 7-10 cm. long, about half as wide, all coarsely serrate-dentate,
coriaceous-chartaceous, clathrate-venose, glabrous above except for
the puberulent midnerve, yellowish puberulent-pubescent, especially
nerves, and microscopically glandular beneath, epidermis containing
mucus; panicles solitary, the bracts about 2 mm. long, the cincinni
sessile; pedicels 2 mm. long; sepals tomentulose, the inner nearly
4 mm. long; petals oblong; scales villous, the upper bifid with de-
flexed appendage; filaments whitish pilose. — This collection only in
flower was placed by the monographer with P. clathrata Radlk., 302,
of the Rfo Negro, with subentire leaflets, the pubescence less hirtel-
lous, both forms in contrast to the "glabrous crenate-dentate"
leaflets of P. faginea which compare; from material that has accumu-
lated it is not clear that these differences are not highly variable.
F.M. Neg. 23643.
Hudnuco: Vitoc, Ruiz & Pavdn, type.
Paullinia enneaphylla (R. & P.) G. Don, Gen. Syst. 1: 662.
1831; 330. Semarillaria enneaphylla R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 4: pi. SUl.
1802.
Obsoletely lenticellate scandent striate subterete branches
puberulent, finally glabrescent; wood simple; stipules small, deltoid;
petioles and rachis scarcely if at all margined, both about 3-4 cm.
long; leaves bitemate, the leaflets elliptic-lanceolate, acute both ends
(terminal, acuminate), 5-9 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide, subsessile, rather
338 Field Museum of Natural History— Botany, Vol. XIII
densely serrate-dentate, chartaceous, glabrous above, barbate in the
nerve axils beneath, pellucid-punctate, lacking mucus; panicles
solitary, puberulent, the cincinni in flower subsessile, in fruit on
stipes 3-4 mm. long, the pedicels 1-2 mm. long, articulate at base;
flowers pubescent, whitish, the oval inner sepals 3 mm. long, all
sparsely glandular-ciliolate; petals obovate-oblong; ovary appressed
tomentose; capsule 3-winged, obcordate, apiculate, about 1,5 cm.
long, 1.8 cm. wide, glabrous without, puberulent within, the globose-
obovoid seeds glabrous, arillate nearly to the middle.— Capsule
sessile, that is estipitate, in contrast to that of the more northern
P. fuscesens HBK., 330, and P. navicularis Radlk., 335, both perhaps
variants found as near as Ecuador; both are more pubescent, con-
taining mucus, the leaf rachis more or less margined, barely in the
latter, the capsule stipe of the former short, of the latter 3 mm. long.
F.M. Neg. 29690.
Hudnuco: Chinchao, Ruiz & Pavdn, type. — Cajamarca: Between
Huambos and Montan, 2,500 meters, Weberbauer U21U-
Paullinia eriocarpa Tr. & Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. s^r. 4. 18:
353. 1862; 265. P. eriantha Benth. ex Radlk. Monogr. Serj. 75.
1875.
Scandent branches glabrate to hirsute, 4-5-angulate-sulcate, the
wood composite, the peripheral areas 2 or 3; stipules appressed
pilose, about 8 mm. long, 3-5 mm. wide; petioles 2-5 cm. long, the
rachises shorter, both with wing-margins 4-6 mm. wide; leaves
5-foliolate-pinnate, sometimes temate, the leaflets 5-15 (20) cm.
long, 2.5-6 (9) cm. wide, elliptic-lanceolate, upper cuneate at base,
lower acutish, all acuminate, remotely repand-dentate above the
middle, shortly petiolulate or subsessile, subcoriaceous, typically
glabrous or often densely pilose beneath, lacking mucus but sparsely
crystallophorous; panicles solitary with short even headlike flowering
portion only 2-4 cm. long, the bracts unusually broad, scariose,
7 mm. long, nearly as wide, sericeous beneath; cincinni sessile, the
flowers subsessile with sericeous sepals, the broadly ovate inner
7-8 mm. long, 5-6 mm. wide; petals tomentulose below, sepaloid,
8-9 mm. long, 3-5 mm. wide; capsule Hgneous, about 2.5 (3) cm.
long, 1.7 cm. wide, ovoid, shortly acuminate, yellowish-tomentose,
the long-arillate seed lanate. — The more northern and eastern
ranging P. leiocarpa Griseb., 264, has leaves merely barbate in the
nerve axils and subulate bracts; the southeastern Colombian P.
splendida Schultes, Caldasia 2: 421. 1944, said by author to belong
to section Pleurotechus Radlk. but apparently comparable to P. ,
Flora of Peru 339
eriocarpa, has bracts about 2 mm. long and broad, papjrraceous
leaflets to 2 dm. long; KiUip & Smith 2H71 from Rio Itaya might
be referable to it. F.M. Neg. 5598.
San Martfn: Tarapoto, Spruce UU15 (type, P. eriantha); WiUiams
58It9; 6770. — Loreto: Yurimaguas, WiUiams 1^802. To Panama.
Paullinia exalata Radlk. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 150. 1905; 244.
Glabrous liana even to the sepals or a few trichomes in the axils
of the nerves on the 5-foliolate-pinnate leaves beneath; older stem
3-angled, enlarged at the cirrose nodes, the triangular canaliculate
branches 6-costate; wood composite with 3 peripheral areas; stipules
subulate, 3 mm. long; petioles and leaf-rachises not winged, the
former 6-16 cm. long, the latter 4-6 cm. long, the terminal leaflet
with petiolule 1 cm. long, 16-18 cm. long, the elliptic-ovate shortly
acuminate lateral leaflets little smaller, all obtusely and remotely
subrepand-dentate, chartaceo-subcoriaceous, opaque both sides,
lateral nerves prominent beneath, lacking mucus; panicles glomerate
on older stems, 2-3 cm. long, puberulent, the lower cincinni shortly
stiped, the pedicels 5-6 (-8 in fruit) mm. long, articulate above the
middle; flowers 5 mm. long, nearly glabrous except for the appressed
pilose ovary, the outer sepals with a few trichomes, the inner gla-
brous, 5 mm. long; petals 5.5 mm. long, the upper scales barbate
and parted, the lower bifid and aliform; ovary pilose; capsule gla-
brate, 8 cm. long, the seed part 1.5 cm. long and wide, the valves
little enlarged, the lustrous seeds 1.5 cm. long. F.M. Neg. 5599.
Junin: La Merced, 1,000 meters, Weherhauer 1910; 282. Brazil.
Paullinia faginea (Tr. & Planch.) Radlk. Monogr. Serj. 76.
1875; 301. Enourea faginea Tr. & Planch., Ann. Sci. Nat. s6r. 4.
18: 379. 1862.
Similar to P. elongata especially to the var. pubescens Cuatr. of
Colombia but typically less pubescent; flowering branches terete,
reddish-puberulent, 3-4 mm. thick; wood simple; petioles and rachis
emarginate; leaflets 5, oval, obtusely acuminate, the terminal acute
at base, the lateral acutish or subrounded, all with petiolules 2-4 mm.
long, remotely crenate-dentate above the middle, to about 12 cm.
long, 5 cm. wide, chartaceous or submembranous, multinerved,
narrowly and obliquely clathrate veined, glabrous or the midnerve
above and the nerves beneath somewhat puberulent and barbate
in the nerve axils, epidermis containing mucus; panicles solitary or
paniculate, the upper much exceeding the leaves, shortly peduncled;
340 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. XIII
rachis about 2 mm. thick, puberulent-tomentulose, laxly flowered,
the sessile cincinni contracted, the pedicels only about 1 mm. long;
inner sepals 3 mm. long, tomentulose, subpetaloid; petals oblong;
filament trichomes yellowish; ovary globose, sessile, reddish-
tomentose. — P. clathrata Radlk., 302, seems to be a form with more
broadly elliptic leaflets, the dentations less pronounced, and may be
represented by King 2001. F.M. Neg. 23644.
Loreto: Rio Mazdn, Jos^ Schunke 37 (det. Standley). Florida,
Rio Putumayo, King 2001 (det. Killip) ; Klug 2323. To Colombia
and Amazonian Brazil.
Paullinia fissistipula Macbr., sp. nov.
Scandens fruticosa; ramis thyrsigeris fere teretibus leviter cos-
tatis 1 cm. crassis utrinque sed praecipue in costis cum petiolis
rhachisque emarginatis pedunculisque 3.5-15 cm. longis conspicue
cum pilis rufis ad 2.5 mm. longis setoso-hispidis; corpus lignosum
simplex; stipulis subrotundatis ad medium stellato-incisis adpresse
hirsutis 2-2.5 cm. longis; petiolis striatis, petiolulis 2 mm. longis;
foliolis 5 late ellipticis vel interdum paullo obovatis breviter acuteque
acuminatis 12-15 cm. longis, 6-8 cm. latis, ad apicem repando-
dentatis (dentibus nervo excurrente calloso-apiculatis glabris) sub-
coriaceis pellucido-punctatis tenuiter clathrato-reticulato-venosis
supra (nerviis 12-15 approximatis exceptis) glabris, subtus sparse
setulosis; paniculis densifloris circa 1 dm. longis, 2 cm. latis; bracteis
ubique adpresse pilosis oblongo-acuminatis ad 1 cm. longis; pedicellis
ad 8 mm. longis supra mediam articulatis; sepalis adpresse cinereo-
pilosis interioribus circa 3.5 mm. longis; petalis circa 4 mm. longis;
ovario rufo-hirsuto. — Suggests the Brazilian or Amazonian P. ruhi-
ginosa Camb., 266, and P. stipularis Benth., 267, both with oblongish
leaflets and linear-subulate bracts, but probably is related to P.
fimbriata Radlk., 288, of Central America with much shorter denser
indument, larger flowers.
Loreto: Balsapuerto, Klug 3056, type (det. Standley, cf. P.
gigantea) .
Paullinia fistulosa Radlk. Monogr. Paull. 259. 1895; 319.
Completely glabrous even the short glomerate panicles borne at
the defoliate nodes of the older branches, these scandent, 5-angled
to subterete, and somewhat fistulose by the enlarged medular
cavities, the wood simple; stipules linear-lanceolate, falcately re-
curving, nearly 1 cm. long; petioles all emarginate, the common
Flora of Peru 341
7-10 cm. long, sulcate, costate-striate, the lateral 1.5-2 cm., the
rachis-segments marginate-winged above, 2.5-6 cm. long; leaves
imparipinnate, the lower of the 3-5 pairs of lanceolate long-acumi-
nate leaflets temate, the terminal leaflet attenuate at base, the
lateral acutish, sessile, all entire or with a more or less prominent
tooth on each edge near the base, membranous^ lacking mucus,
8-12 cm. long, 2.5-3 cm. wide; panicles 1-1.5 cm. long, the fruiting
pedicels about 3 mm. long; inner sepals 3.5 mm. long; capsules
obovoid, conspicuously attenuate into stipe 5 mm. long, the wings
above 2-3 mm. wide, glabrous without, pubescent within, the
somewhat pilose seed one-third arillate. — P. medullosa Radlk., 319,
of Brazil, the leaflets somewhat acuminate, the lateral petioles
marginate-winged above, is probably a variant. F.M. Neg. 36026.
Loreto: Mission de Sarayacu, Castelnau, tjrpe.
Paullinia gigantea Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 37.
1844; 324. P. quitensis Radlk. Monogr. Paull. 269. 1895, at least
as to Peru.
Resembles the related P. aciUangula but more robust; stipules
scarious, gradually subulate-acute from the base, about 3 cm. long,
nearly a third as wide; petioles 15-25 cm. long, subterete; leaflets
15-30 cm. long, 10-18 cm. wide, or apparently on newer branchlets
often only a dm. long, less than half as wide, elliptic or the lower
broadly ovate, the lateral rounded at base, all remotely repand-
dentate or sometimes subentire, sessile or shortly petiolulate, char-
taceous, clathrate- venose, typically epunctate; cincinni sessile or
shortly stiped, in t3rpe few-flowered, the pedicels 4-5 mm. long;
inner sepals about 4 mm. long, tomentulose without; petals oblong-
elliptic; capsule said to be subglobose with short wings, hirsute. — As
interpreted here the cited material includes plants showing consider-
able variation in degree of pubescence — nearly glabrous to shortly
hirsute-tomentose — shape and size of leaves; this varies, it seems,
even on the same plant. The capsules, as seen on a few of the
collections, are puberulent-hirsutulous, wings narrowed to attenuate
more or less stipitate base, narrower than capsule, to 3 cm. long,
2-2.5 cm. wide including wings. The Schunke specimen shows
leaves from near top of stem and from below; the former are only 
