FLORA
OF
SANTA CATALINA ISLAND
(California)
V
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
BOTANY, VOL. V, PL. I.
Cir/ fl Gror,zm9nn, Oe/.
ESCHSCHOLTZIA WRIGLEYANA sp. nov.
HALF NATURAL SIZE.
Field Museum of Natural History
Publication 212
Botanical Series Vol. V
FLORA
OF
SANTA CATALINA ISLAND
(California)
BY
Charles Frederick Millspaugh
AND
Lawrence William Nuttall
(Field Collaborator )
14 Plates I Map
Charles Frederick Millspaugfi
Curator. Department of Botany
CHICAGO, U. S. A.
January. 1923
CONTENTS
Preface P
Santa Catalina Island ,p
Collecting Stations p
Collectors p
Acknowledgements p
Summary of the Flora p
Spermatophyta p
Pteridophyta p
Bryophyta p
Thallophyta p
Lichenes p
Host Index to Fungi p
Supplement p
Index p
6
7
8
26
35
36
37
297
304
313
358
378
386
391
ILLUSTRATIONS
Plate
I
Plate
II
Plate
III
Plate
IV
Plate
V
Plate
VI
Plate
VII
Plate
VIII
Plate
IX
Plate
X
Plate
XI
Plate
XII
Plate
XIII
Plate
XIV
Map
Eschscholtzia Wrigleyana (Frontispiece)
Channel slope from Summit
f. I, Pebble Beach
f. 2, Bird Rock
ff. I & 2, Echo Lake
f. I, Sambucus caerulea
f. 2, Adenostoma fasciculatum
f. I, Quercus tomentella
f. 2, Vale in Bulrush Canyon
ff. I, 2, 3, Lyonothamnus floribundus
f. I, Lavatera assurgentiflora
f. 2, Opuntia megacantha
f. I, Coreopsis gigantea (plants)
f . 2, Coreopsis gigantea (flowering head)
£. I, Svida catalinensis
f. 2, Tricholoma coUybiiforme
f. I, Stylophyllum insulare
f. 2, Lupinus Hallii
Desmatodon Hendersoni
f. I, Coreopsis gigantea
f. 2, Bergerocactus Emoryi
f. 3, Toxicodendron diversilobum
f. I, Vitis Girdiana
f. 2, Eriogonum nudum
Santa Catalina Island
^
PREFACE
The Island of Santa Catalina is specially interesting to the Bot-
anist because of the fact that its Flora comprises a greater number
of endemic species than any equal area of the Californian mainland.
The strongly marked characters of several of these endemic
species has given rise to various theories as to their origin and the
geologic status of the island itself.
In order that vegetation may have its true value as a factor in
interpreting the history of the island, it is imperative that the Flora
be recorded in detail before the advancing activities of Man shall
have modified too greatly its original characters.
The wide ranging of large flocks of sheep; the introduction and
increase of wild goats ; the turning of various springs and canyon
streams into conduits supplying Avalon ; building ; and road con-
struction, are elements working rapid changes in the natural feat-
ures of the island.
It is in view of these changes that this book is offered as a con-
tribution to the Natural History of Santa Catalina.
SANTA CATALINA ISLAND
(CALIFORNIA)
The island of Santa Catalina lies twenty-eight miles off the coast
of southern California at San Pedro, the port of Los Angeles. Its
longer axis is approximately east and west, parallel with the mainland.
It is twenty-two miles long and varies in width from three to eight
miles. Its total area is 48,438 acres. The island is traversed through-
out its length by a lofty, precipitous mountain chain only broken by
a low valley, near the western end. called The Isthmus. The mountain
chain occasionally branches enclosing several broad, fertile, upland
valleys, while each branch breaks up into a large nimiber of abrupt
and sharp ridges embracing canyons of various depths. Several sharp
peaks arise along the range to heights of from 1,400 to 2,000 feet.
(See Plate II.)
The whole contour of the island is extremely rugged, being slashed
in all directions by "washes" and, from the center toward the sea, by
canyons, whose floors are usually narrowed to wedge-shape. These
canyons harbor tiny rills, especially in their upper reaches, or at least
retain more or less permanent moisture.
The general soil of the island is friable and unstable on the greater
slopes. It is most commonly underlaid by tufaceous rock and is pitted
nearly everywhere. That of the mouths of the washes and canyons
and of the more extensive valleys is generally deep and rich.
Many springs exist on the island and a number of living stream-
lets, the largest of which runs through Middle Ranch Canyon. This
latter is paralleled by two others, one flowing through a sandy valley,
in which it frequently broadens into cottonwood bottoms ; the other,
beginning in a canyon high up in the range, precipitates itself into
Silver Canyon through which it flows to the sea.
The western face of the ridge-slopes and canyon sides are the
most luxuriously vegetated, as fogs generally come in from the east
and, condensing on the higher ridges, bathe those slopes with consid-
erable moisture throughout the winter and spring months. Conversely
the eastern slopes are, at that time, dry, supporting only a clumpy
vegetation of shrubs and cactus.
Explorative trips on the island should be attempted only by per-
sons physically strong and willing to undergo heavy exertion, even to
exhaustion. It is well to keep to the ridges for straight-a-way tramp-
8 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, \'ol. V.
ing and to beware of inviting paths that branch therefrom as they are
mostly but sheep trails leading nowhere and finally disappearing alto-
gether. Too often the washes or canons once entered may be left
only by climbing their sides, as they frequently lead to cul-de-sacs or
to an abrupt "break-off" high above the sea. On no account should
a "short-cut" be ventured except with suflficient daylight ahead and
a sure knowledge of direction. Masses of impenetrable cactus ; abrupt
breaks ; deep washes, or still deeper canons interfere on every hand,
making the longest way around generally the shortest way home.
The easiest tramps are along the road to Pebble Beach, returning by
the upper road; the Summit, by way of the Coach Road; and the
Pacific Ridge by way of the road through Avalon Valley and the
Equestrian Trail.
PRINCIPAL COLLECTING STATIONS
AVALON : — The shipping harbor of the island, located on the
wash formation from Avalon Valley. The bay is crescent-shaped,
with a shelving sandy beach, terminated by lofty promontories at each
end of the curve. The city reaches back from the beach several blocks
to a rather broad, arable valley. A road extends from the eastern end
of the front street to Pebble Beach and from the western end to the
St. Catherine hotel situated at the mouth of Descanso Canyon. The
Coach Road to the Isthmus leaves Marilla Ave. at its first turn, near
the Catholic Church, and the Avalon Valley Road continues Sumner
Ave. across the Golf Links ending at the Equestrian Trail. Another
road to Pebble Beach projects Beacon St. up the east hillside. In the
center of the city is a rather high hill (Reservoir Hill), reached by
way of Whittley Ave., whence is obtained a fine view of the valley and
the .sea. It is on the east and west hillsides of Avalon and the Pebble
Beach Road that most of the incidental plant collections, of one-day
tourists, have been made.
GOLF LINKS and AVALON VALLEY:— The level portion of
the course occupies the valley just back of Avalon. It is a sandy
stretch upon which many notable adventive plants may be found.
Further back in the valley is a saw-mill and a large cultivated area,
beyond which is a heavy gravel wash comprising all the remaining
level. This is excellent collecting ground for the native flora, especially
the shrubs and vines.
AVALON RUN: — (At times of heavy rains a considerable
stream) rises at the head of Piedra Escalera Canyon, and, supplemented
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 9
by numerous branches, drains the whole Avalon Valley watershed.
It is artificially confined where it bounds the arable fields, the Golf
Links and the eastern city blocks, finally reaching the sea at the east
end of Crescent Ave., or Front Street. The wooded slopes bordering
the Run on the east prove productive collecting ground for vernal
species.
BEACON STREET CANYON :— The first canyon opening into
Avalon Valley on the left, the entrance is by way of the Island Villa
Annex. The floor of this cafion is of moderate width expanding some-
what at the first right hand fork. From this point it begins to ascend
rapidly, with steep slopes and a very narrow stream bed. The soil
is rich and the bed and west slope are well wooded. It proves a good
collecting field in early spring for plants that flourish in shaded places.
Its bed is dry except during continued rains.
GOLF LINKS CANYON : — The second left hand canyon open-
ing into Avalon Valley. Its entrance is at the point where the golf
course crosses Avalon Run. The lower end is very narrow and the
slopes steep. It soon begins to rise sharply and terminates at the face
of a blufif some distance below the top of the mountain. The soil is
rich, the canyon well wooded, and was found to be a good collecting
field. The bed is dry except during the rainy season.
BIG WASH CANYON:— The third canon debouching into
Avalon Valley on the left, nearly opposite the saw-mill. Its mouth is
a broad pebbly arroya with somewhat extensive grassy levels on its
banks. The arroya reaches back about a thousand feet and forms
excellent collecting ground for early blooming plants of dry situations.
The slopes beyond, at the beginning of the canyon proper, are w^ell
wooded and rich, while the bed becomes damp and the larger boulders,
impeding the streamlet bed, covered with moss. The cafion early
forks into a short left and long right branch, the latter reaching up
toward Mt. Wilson. This canyon and its branches form one of the
best of the nearby plant habitats in any month of the season.
CANYON OPPOSITE CHICKEN JOHNNY'S :— The fourth
canyon opening into Avalon Valley on the left. It is so densely filled
with trees, shrubs and vines that very few of the flowering herbs of
the canyon floors are to be found here. The upper part is extremely
steep and less densely w'ooded. Here the usual flowering herbs find
welcome conditions of light and soil. It faces northeast and is gener-
ally dry.
10 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
ROCK SPRING CANYON*:— The first canon entering Avaion
Valley on the right at the Golf Links. Its approach is by a branch
road, bordering a level field, to the Gas Works, beyond which is a
short, gravelly arroya leading to a bald rock face over which a rill
trickles throughout the winter and early spring months. Above this
rock wall there is a mucky willow-bottom rich in Mimtilus cardinalis.
Beyond this and up the left fork the streamlet lives through April.
The two branches are in open, rocky courses and yield few vernal
.species.
ROCK FALLS CANYON : — The second canyon opening into
Avaion Valley on the right. It is separated from Rock Spring Can-
yon by a narrow, sharp ridge, the Avaion side of which is excellent
collecting ground in March and April. Among other plants Dodec-
aiheon, Viola and Castillcja grow abundantly on this slope. Rock Falls
Canyon early develops a lively streamlet flowing through a narrow,
open, boulder strewn bed, and soon forking above. The left fork
is the wetter and shadier. It contains a pipeline that runs back over
the ridge mentioned above and on over to the two water tanks on the
left slope of Rock Spring Canyon. This left fork is good foraging
ground for mosses and moisture-loving vernal species.
CHICKEN JOHNNY'S:— A group of farm buildings on the
right of the road a short distance beyond Rock Falls Canyon. A good
hunting ground for adventive plants, many of which, like Nepeta
Cataria and Ruta graveolens Johnny claims were introduced several
years ago through his importation of "mill screenings" for chicken
feed. He wisely asserts that : "It is good for chickens to scratch
aroun' for their food, 'stead of gettin' it too easy" ; he, therefore,
made a practice of scattering the screenings widely about his place,
where a large number of fowls had open range.
PIEDRA ESCALERA CANYON :— This canyon opens on the
right hand side of the Equestrian Trail to the Pacific Ridge at the
point where the trail continues the roadway. For some distance from
its mouth the creek bed is cut deep and narrow through an alluvial
dejKJsit. There is a broad glade on the left which soon narrows to a
steep canyon slope. A quarter of a mile above the mouth the
canyon bed begins to ascend very rapidly, the greater part of
its course lying over solid rock. The right hand branch harbors
a streamlet which is lost a short distance below the junction of
the forks. If for nothing more, the cafion is worthy of a visit to view
*Also known as "Graveyard Canyon" and latterly as "Gas Works
Canyon."
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall i i
the rock formation which, in places, resembles a giant staircase (hence
Piedra Escalera). It is easy of ascent but proves a poor collecting field
at any season. However, in the frequent boggy pockets of the stream
bed, there is an abundance of Typha, Mimulns cardinalis and many
commoner water-loving plants.
EQUESTRIAN TRAIL :— This newly made trail, built in 1919
for the accommodation of day-visitors to the island, begins at the end
of the valley road and zig-zags a thousand feet upward to the Pacific
Ridge. If one has but a day to expend on the island Flora no better
or more fruitful tramp offers than the valley road and the ascent of
this trail. These lead through almost all the peculiar plant habitats
except the arid and the saline. At the beginning of the trail is a large
Sambuciis tree, three species of Rhus, and just beyond, a glistening
thicket of Scrophularia. Two species of Oak are soon encountered,
and nearly all the ferns of the island. About a third of the way up,
the trail elbows in a damp wash gulley where Urtica, Parietaria, Hes-
perocnide, Montia, Bozvlesia, Ranunculus, Geranium, Ellisias, and
many other shade-loving species are to be found. At the last third the
trail is bordered by a few clumps of Ribes and soon passes through
a considerable extent of Adcnostoma. Issuing from this it is open to
the summit, from which spreads a wonderful view : To the south,
almost beneath, lies the colorful Pacific with the island of San Clemente
resting like a mysterious cloud on the horizon ; to the right stretches
the rugged, painted cliffs of the Palisades ; to the left the ridges and
hills leading to the base of Mt. Shatto (1500 ft.) ; looking backward
to the north Avalon and the valley lie at one's feet. On clear days
the mainland and San Pedro Point are plainly discernable beyond the
placid channel which is dotted with seemingly miniature ships with
their ever widening wakes.
At this point the made trail ends in several natural branches : That
to the left leads, plainly marked, to Mt. Shatto ; that to the right may be
followed down to the Pacific break-off or on to Silver Knob
(1.380 ft.).
NOLAVA (Reverse of Avalon) CANYON :— This very deep
defile lies directly over the ridge from the head of Avalon Canyon.
This should be entered only by following the trail to Mt. Shatto as
far as the head of Big Wash Canyon. The slope of Novala is too
steep and too dangerous to be safely negotiated before that point.
The lateral branch by which you now enter has a steep and narrow,
stream bed with scarcely any vegetation except cactus and sage.
12 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Below these the bed is moderately wide and more easily traversed.
Its vegetation is that common to open, dry canyons elsewhere and
not notably interesting. Even at its lower reaches the soil appears
barren As a whole this canon will not repay the plant collector the
effort of exploration at any season.
SNAKE CANYON: — (Because the co-author here encountered
and killed his first rattlesnake May 25th.) A comparatively short
canyon lying between Nolava and Silver Canyons. It is entered at a
point on the trail from the summit of the Equestrian Trail toward
Silver Knob near the head of Piedra Escalera Canyon, and descends
to a precipitous cliff on the Pacific shore. Little interest lies in the
vegetation of this canyon after early spring, though it is possible that,
about half way down, it may yield more species at that period.
SAGE CANYON : — A deep canyon whose watershed includes
the slopes between Snake and Silver canyons. It is reached by turn-
ing to the right at the terminus of the Equestrian Trail on the summit
of the Pacific Ridge, and may be entered from a saddle between two
higher points of the ridge (this saddle being the lowest section of the
divide between the ocean and the channel). Sage Canyon has three
deeply cut left hand branches reaching far up toward the watershed
of Silver Canyon on the west ; and three right hand, shorter and deeper
branches reaching the summit ridge which divides this from Snake
Canyon A living spring flows from a point below the junction of
the main branch with the third, and the highest left hand branches
and is the source of the pools lying throughout the entire year in the
canyon bed. The floor is quite narrow, rocky, and of little interest.
The slopes are covered with sage* and cactus except those of the
right hand branches — these face the north and are densely wooded
with Oak, Holly, and Catalina Cherry, all low and spreading.
Sour Oak, Catalina Perfume and other shrubs. A visit to this
canyon is not recommended, as it is so densely covered with
Sage, in areas, that even a fair-size animal cannot get through.
The only way to get down it is to walk on top of the sage brush — a
stray dog that attached himself to us could neither go over nor under
the brush and was forced to remain behind. The mouth of the can-
yon opens precipitously to the Pacific, a hundred and fifty feet above
the beach, rendering it impossible to descend to the shore.
SILVER CANYON : — While this interesting canyon, one of the
largest on the island, may be reached by following the ridge to the
*Ramona stachyoides.
Flora of Santa Catalina Islani) — Millspaugh & Nuttall 13
west from the Equestrian Trail, or ascending that beyond Chicken
Johnny's, it is far more profitable to the plant observer to enter it
from the Coach Road: Turn abruptly to the left at the Summit and
follow the top of the ridge for half a mile noting that you pass the heads
of several branches of Grand Canyon before you reach the numer-
ous hollows that descend into the main streamlet of Silver Canyon.
The upper reaches of all the branches of Silver Canyon are encom-
passed by rolling hills comparatively free of trees. Its slopes are
densely covered with grasses, amongst which, during February, March
and April, may be found a large variety of interesting herbs. The can-
yon contains water throughout the year. Below the junction of the
uppermost branches it becomes suddenly precipitous and difficult all the
way down to the main branch of Grand Canyon, which enters it from
the northwest. A short distance below this junction the creek bed
nearly reaches the level of the ocean. From here on the bed is very
wide and flat and is composed of loose rock, sand and a tangle of drift
rubbish. It proves an excellent bottom for cottonwood and tree tobacco,
but is not a profitable collecting place after the early spring months.
GRAND CANYON:— The main branch of Silver Canyon; so
named because of the presence of three falls, the lowest of which is
perpendicular and perhaps sixty or more feet in height. The precipit-
ous walls on either side make it difficult to climb. The main stream-
let is reached from a point where the Coach Road passes the head of
Gallagher's Canyon about half a mile west of The Summit, marked by
a broad, grassy glade known as the Hay Press. The upper reaches
of the canyon comprise one of the interesting collecting fields. The
main branch is indicated by a long stretch of willows overhanging
a deep gulch, a fine collecting ground for lichens and fungi. The
canyon beyond the willows does not have the appearance of being
worth the effort of exploration by the botanist.
BULL RUSH CANYON :— This canyon lies parallel with Mid-
dle Ranch Canyon and between the latter and the Pacific. It is sep-
arated from Middle Ranch Canyon by a continuous high ridge known
as Bull Rush Ridge and from the Salta Verde by the Salta Verde
Ridge. The head and central portions of the canyon consist of beau-
tiful stretches of open, park-like glades densely clothed with tall grass
and here and there extensive groves of oak, holly, cottonwood, willow
and greasewood. (See Plate VI, f. 2). It is here that the largest
Quercus tomentella trees flourish, many individuals being 70 feet high
with a spread of over 100 feet. Sections of this oak growth are fre-
quent in which the trees are killed by an enveloping mass of poison
14 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
ivy whose stems, like intertwining pythons, often reach a diameter of
over 4 inches (See Plate XII, f. 3). The lower, or western, portion
of the canyon consists of a steep, boulder-strewn gorge whose walls
defy even the wild goat in finding a footing. Among the rocks in the
narrow stream bed are masses of gnarled and twisted willows, cot-
tonwoods, oaks and Trask's Mountain Mahogany (Cercocarpiis
Traskiae) .
SALT A VERDE: — A stretch of the southern-central portion of
the island about five miles long by two miles broad. It extends from
Mt. Viscanio westward and lies between Bull Rush Canyon and the
Pacific. This area slopes abruptly toward the Pacific and is traversed
by many steep and difficult canyons and gullies. The ridges and
gullies are clothed with salt-grass, sage-brush, cactus, stunted oak and
Ncostyphonia integri folia.
LAVA BEDS : — In several parts of the Pacific Slope of the Salta
Verde are found barren lava beds and soils of volcanic ash. From
one of these, about a quarter of an acre in extent, water oozes in rivu-
lets forming a verdureless bog impossible to traverse. Though the
water is clear and inviting it will be found bitter and repulsive.
COACH ROAD: — Continuing from Marilla Ave., Avalon, past
the Catholic Church and ascending above Sugar Loaf around the
point to the east slopes of Descanso Canyon. The road mounts at a
10 per cent grade to The Summit, three miles up. The first stretch, as
far as the ridge between Descanso and Avalon Valley, affords little of
interest except the wide and attractive view, but beyond this the spring
flora is well displayed. In February the Descanso slope is beautified
by the sheep-like clumps of purple lupine and father up, in early
March, the "lilac" clothes the mountain sides in a diaphanous heliotrope
mantle. The best collecting ground is at the second loop, the Wish-
bone, where a spring provides permanent moisture. Beyond this the
heights become dry and the ultimate crest nearly arid. The Summit
commands a panoramic view of the westerly stretch of the island range
(see Plate II) including Orizaba (2,109 ft.) and Black Jack (2,000
ft.) ; at the left the upland valley is seen to extend to the horizon line.
From The Summit the road winds downward, at an easy grade, past
the heads of many channelward and oceanward canyons, to the upper
end of Middle Rranch Canyon which it follows to the Ranch. The
head slopes of Gallagher's and Banning's Canyons afiford fine collecting
ground from the last week of March through May, as do also the
moist gulches that abound along the road.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 15
TRAIL TO BLACK JACK :— This attractive trail begins on the
summit ridge between the heads of Banning's and Middle Ranch Can-
yons at the point where the Coach Road turns abruptly to the left to
descend into Middle Ranch Canyon (see map). At first it follows
the summit ridge, keeping Banning's Landing always in sight, to a
high point facing the channel side, at a large semi-detached rock,
where it is lost. Here one turns abruptly to the left and picks up the
trail again at the foot of the hill on the narrow dividing ridge between
Swain's Canyon and the watershed of Middle Ranch Canyon. It fol-
lows this ridge, keeping White's Landing ever in plain sight except
where it turns to the left around several steep hills quickly to come
back in view of White's Landing until the foot of the terminal dome
of Black Jack is reached. Here are great quantities of the endemic
Eriodictyon Traskiae. The dome of Black Jack is perhaps four or
five hundred feet above this point and is treeless, harboring but
few small shrubs. The ascent is easy except on the side facing Cot-
tonwood Canyon. The summit is almost destitute of vegetation, the
few plants growing there do not materially differ from the same
species at lower altitudes.
ECHO LAKE: — On the northeast side of Black Jack, a short
distance below the trail, at the head of a lateral branch of Swain's
Canyon, are two groves of Lyonothanmus ; one spread out across the
head, the other lower down on the east side Several hundred yards
beyond this point the trail reveals a view of Echo Lake (see
Plate IV). It is surrounded by high hills on three sides and is sit-
uated in a cove, behind Long Point, which faces south and has a con-
stricted opening with a ridge, a few feet in height, across its outlet.
The little bowl, in which the lake lies, is destitute of trees and shrubs.
The shore lines are plainly visible from the trail. The lake appeared,
at the time of sighting it, in mid September, to be devoid of water*
and hardly worth a visit. It should be very interesting, to the botanist.
in spring.
HAY PRESS CHUTE:— From the Summit the Coach Road
descends gradually beside a small guUey which carries the excess water
from rare freshets into Grand Canyon. A half mile beyond the Sum-
mit the Hay Press Chute is entered. Here the hills come close together
making a narrow defile with barely room for the deeply cut gulley
and the road. This is an attractive spot on account of the forest-
covered west hillside. The defile opens beyond upon a broad upland
*Dry July 3, 1921 — Knopf; full Apr. 10, 1922 — Knopf.
1 6 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
meadow called the Hay Press. At the lower end of this meadow
the deep gulley is lined with willows which mark the entrance to
Grand Canyon.
THE GAP : — The narrowest defile along the road, situated about
a mile beyond the Chute at the second bridging of the stream. This
defile and its stream bed yield a number of species of more than
ordinary interest. Just beyond the Gap the streamlet sinks out of sight
early in summer, leaving the creek bed dry all the way to the Middle
Ranch buildings below which the water again breaks forth.
CAPE CANYON : — About a quarter of a mile before reaching
Middle Ranch and with its buildings in sight, the road crosses the
stream bed at the mouth of this broad, fertile valley which reaches up
to the foot of Black Jack. The gradient is gentle, as are also the bor-
dering slopes. A walk up this valley is one of the most delightful on
the island. Many of the less frequent trees and larger shrubs are to
be seen here and at a point about a mile from the entrance is the island's
largest expanse of Xanthium spinosum. Following the valley
directly north throughout its length the trail to the Summit and Black
Tack is encountered at the point where the view of the channel first
opens.
MIDDLE RANCH : — An extensive group of buildings and broad,
gently rolling, cultivated fields through which flows a brook of
size; clear and rippling it affords a home for considerable masses of
Watercress and its banks, bordered by willows, a shady place for a
number of species rare elsewhere. Middle Ranch creek bed is a rich
collecting field throughout its length. The upper right hand branch
and the upper end of the main channel contain water through the sum-
mer. Then follows three or more miles of perfectly dry creek bed
which is deeply cut through the rich soil of the gently sloping glade
and through the pasture lands and cultivated fields of the ranch. The
dry creek bed is even more interesting than the watered parts of the
canyon. Below the ranch a flowing brook supports a luxuriant growth
of trees and plants and is a favorite resort of the birds of the interior
regions.
EAGLE'S NEST:— A mile or more below Middle Ranch the
Coach Road passes through a small, well wooded glade known as the
Eagle's Nest where is still standing an old road-house much used in
stage coach days. The interest in this locality lies chiefly in the name
and the luxuriance of the vegetation of the creek bed. Near the ocean,
and in full view of it, and of the fine beach at the mouth, the road
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 17
crosses the creek and, ascending the dividing ridge, descends into Cot-
tonwood Canyon.
COTTONWOOD CANYON : In the upper reaches of this can-
yon vegetation is confined to the floor which is broad and interspersed
with groves and grass covered meadows. The ground descends grad-
ually for a mile or more and is entirely dry. Beyond the meadows,
however, the canyon suddenly narrows and between this point and
the Coach Road gathers water sufficient to form a stream which,
with the possible exception of Middle Ranch Creek, is the finest on
the island. The lower part of the canyon is an excellent collecting field.
On the left side of the creek, at its mouth, the Cholla cactus has the
appearance of having been introduced, it can be traced from the very
edge of the beach diagonally up the mountain side to the Coach Road.
The road ascending the ridge on the western side reaches the summit
near the ocean front on a rolling plateau, once the site of an Indian vil-
lage. Here the best view obtains of the Little Harbor region.
Descending the western side the road crosses the creek, dry at this
point, and ascends the central ridge on which the Road House is
located.
LITTLE HARBOR :— Located on the southwest shore of the
island about eighteen miles from Avalon. At the mouth of Middle
Ranch Canyon the high ridges which parallel the Pacific from Lookout
Point abruptly end. The only ridge which runs parallel with either
shore, entirely across the Little Harbor region, is one near the
channel side which extends from Black Jack to a point near the
Isthmus. A high ridge has its southern end close to the northwest
side of Little Harbor and extends toward the Isthmus, parallel
to the Pacific, for some distance. Thus the Little Harbor region
forms, as it were, a gateway to the center of the island and
exposes to view, from the Pacific, a greater area than can be seen
at any other point. Two large Indian villages were located here
on the sites of which excavations have brought to light many
interesting remains. There are three main ridges, with canyons
between, extending fan-like from the harbor. The lower ends
of these ridges are smooth and barren and slope toward the ocean to
a precipitous water front. One central ridge extends down to the
middle of the small bay and ends in a bold but not high rocky prom-
ontory, on the top of which stands the old Road House. As one views
the country from the rear of this old building one is impressed by
the barren appearance of the region, the marked dearth of trees up
i8 Field Muskum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
to the top of the channel ridge. The southeast side of the ridge is
somewhat steep, but the northwest side, toward The Isthmus is a
gentle grassy slope to the creek bed. Extending from the foot of
the ridge is a broad meadow which passes on over the ridge and part
way up the slope of Little Spring Canyon. Through this meadow
are two stream beds, one on the south side and the other on the
western, both, except in the close vicinity of the beach, dry in summer.
Here there appears to be a quantity of underground water which fornib
a bog in each creek bed. That on the western side is the largest and
most interesting to the botanist. The meadow between is rather sterile
only producing such plants as sedges and those that find their habitat
in undrained soil. This meadow would prove a good collecting ground
in Spring especially for short-lived annuals. Farther away from the
Pacific, up through the Little Spring Canyon, vegetation becomes more
varied and rich and before reaching the channel ridge there are numer-
ous groves of small trees, all far removed from the Pacific
in well protected valleys facing the channel side.
ISTHMUS : — A broad valley extending between Isthmus Harbor
and Catalina Harbor and cutting ofif the west end mountains from
those of the main body of the island. It extends north and south, is
nearly level, and only about a quarter of a mile from harbor to harbor.
It contains a number of buildings and Banning House, the latter located
on a knoll rising at the base of the foothills on the east. The particular
points of interest to the botanist are :
ISTHMUS HARBOR :— Whose shores abound with species that
are rare elsewhere, Mesembryanthemum and a number of crucifers.
About half a mile to the east lies
FISHERMAN'S COVE :~The former location of Mrs. Trask's
summer home. On the slopes of the surrounding hills many of her
most interesting finds may be regathered ; such as Trifolium microce-
phalum, Tithymalus helioscopia, Gilia dianthiflora, etc.
BIRD ROCK:— (Plate III, f. 2.) About a half mile off Fisher-
man's Cove. It appears above the channel waters as an oval, rounded,
cemented rock about 300 by 500 feet in extent and 20 feet high. The
rock is white with guano and bare except for a limited patch of vege-
tation on the southeast side. The vegetation consists mostly of Opuntia
among which grows about forty individuals of Cosmos gigantea, six
shrubs of Lavatera, and a few plants of Malva rotundifolia. This
rock is doubtless the original Catalina station for Lavatera and the only
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 19
place where it grows naturally. Ship Rock (often called Bird Rock),
lies about a mile out to the northwest from Bird Rock. It is 66 feet
high and devoid of vegetation. The oldest fisherman of these waters
claims that there never were, to his knowledge, any plants on it. Lyon
claims it to be the station for Lavatera.
IRONWOOD GULLY:— An open wash in the east hillside just
i)eyond Banning House. The climb to the clump of Lyonothamnus
trees, about three-quarters the distance to the top, is interesting
as the slope is rich and yields many notable species, especially Allium,
Calochortiis and Antirrhinum.
CATALINA HARBOR :— The shores of this long and sheltered
bay form one of the notable collecting places of the island. The head
of the bay extends into a small mud-flat salina where Suaeda, Atriplex
and other salt-loving species abound, while the banks yield both species
of Mescmbryanthi-mum in profusion. Toward the harbor mouth, put-
ting out from the east shore, is a striking pebble spit known as :
BALLAST POINT : — Enclosing one of the two limited tide bogs
of the island. In this Coinogyne, Heliotropium and Pholiurus are
found, while the higher, pebbly bank, yields Cressa, three Lepidiums
and other plants of peculiar interest.
Beyond the Isthmus the road extends along the coast as far as
Johnson's Landing. It is mostly level, or has but slight grades, and
is one of the most picturesque and delightful walks at this end of the
island. The first point of interest along the road is
FOURTH O' JULY: — A small, nearly rectangular, oblong bay.
setting about 300 feet into the land. It is delightfully pellucid and has
a sloping gravelly beach and an interesting but narrow level bottom.
The left hillside is almost entirely clothed with Adenostoma.
CHERRY VALLEY: — A beautifully wooded valley running
straight up, through a luxuriant cherry grove, into the hills. The
mouth is a fine and rich bottom ending at a narrow, pebbly beach.
This encloses a small salina which is the habitat of many interesting
species. The pebble beach is richly clothed with Pterostegia dryjnari-
oides.
HOWLAND'S : — A broad and shallow valley ending at a long,
curved, level beach divided by a peculiar group of projecting rocks.
The level back of the beach has a number of buildings and a pumping
station for the water supply of the Isthmus. On this level may be
found a number of adventive species.
20 Fjeld Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
The road from here to Johnson's Landing has rich banks yielding
Cardamine calif ornica and Dcndromecon.
JOHNSON'S LANDING:— A broad beach back of which ex-
tends a broader valley shallow and open, the site of an ancient Indian
village. A large Eucalyptus tree stands in the center of the level and
at the east side, near the shore is an extensive glade of Focniculum
resembling a cane-break and a group of very large fig trees. Just
over the low ridge at the west of the valley are the
SOAPSTONE QUARRY and PARSON'S LANDING. The
ascent from Johnson's valley to Soapstone Quarry is very easy, passing
over a slope destitute of trees or shrubs. This should prove good col-
lecting ground when Spring follows a winter of frequent rains. The
quarries are very irregular, containing numerous pockets, in which
is more or less moisture, where Typha angustifolia and Cyperus
may be found. On account of the upturned soil and disintegrated
rock, combined with moisture, this spot should also be good collecting
in early spring.
Between the quarries and the far side of the broad valley there
are grassy slopes interspersed with groves of trees. Immediately
against the western ridge there is a narrow gorge in which water
is to be found throughout the summer. This is one of the drinking
places of wild goats, more being encountered here than in any other
part of the island. This stream bed opens through a narrow gorge to
Parson's Landing, a narrow, rough, wild beach marking the western
limit of our collecting field.
PEBBLE BEACH ROAD:— This road begins at the east end of
Crescent Ave., Avalon, and skirts the shore for about a mile to Pebble
Beach. It is bordered on the right, almost its entire length, by a series
of break-offs of the steep mountain side. At its beginning there is a
beautiful and characteristic clump of Lavatera shrubs (transplanted),
while the talus of the cliff supports several species of Lupinus and
Astragalus. Near the incline railway several patches of Cosmos
gigantca are to be seen well up the broken cliff. The whole extent
of the cliff side of the road is interesting collecting ground for
species of dry situations. As the road reaches Pebble Beach it con-
tinues to skirt the foothills to the right, enters Pebble Beach Canyon
wash, and terminates in a climb to the garbage dump half way up
Lookout Point.
PEBBLE BEACH: (Plate III, f. i)— An extensive and interest-
ing curving beach with a broad strand backed by a ridge of peculiar.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 21
large, rounded, smooth pebbles. This ridge supports, at its eastern
end, an important flora and encloses throughout its length a level, nearly
dry salina comprising the entire flat land back to the foothills. Here,
among other interesting species, are to be found the early crucifers ;
the endemic Planfago Parishii; Sphaerostigma bistortum and on its
marginal banks all the Phacelias of the island flora.
PEBBLE BEACH CANYON :— Extends south from the eastern
end of the beach and is the most fertile and luxuriant narrow valley
on the island. The floor of the canyon is well wooded up to the first
left fork and is a favorite walk as well as camping and picnicking
place. The tree growth is principally Elder, Oak and Catalina Cherry.
Here and there lies a sunny bank bright with Delphinium and other
attractive flowers. It is densly carpeted with grass, even under the
trees, with many a deeply shaded copse bordered by wild rose and
snowberry bushes. The creek bed through this lower stretch is dry,
exceedingly rocky, and has high, perpendicular banks.
The mouth of the first left hand fork opens as one of the most
delightful sylvan glades of the island backed by a fine grove of Quercus
tomentella. Beyond this grove the valley is well wooded and grass-
covered wherever the sun can penetrate. Where the shade is dense
many ferns may be found and midway up its canyon is one of the few
stations of Adianttwi capillus-veneris. Beyond the wooded part, in its
upper reaches, it forks to the left and emerges into a dense cactus field.
Its main lead, however, runs up to beautifully rounded grassy slopes
lying on the eastern side of Mt. Shatto. Here the grass of the main
lead terminates in a fine mass of Ribes vibiirnifolia — "Catalina per-
fume." This lead is dry throughout the summer.
The main lead of Pebble Beach Canyon, beyond the left fork just
described, changes in character very rapidly ; water is encountered
immediately forming in a succession of pools in which most of the
water-loving grasses and herbs of the island may be found.
There are sloping and perpendicular rock masses, over which the
streamlet constantly trickles, where mosses and ferns luxuriate. In
attempting to ascend this lead past the nesting place of the ravens,
in the Cottonwood grove a quarter of a mile above the junction, prog-
ress is noisily contested by the birds ; they apparently make every
effort to discourage further intimacy. Above this point it is impossible
to follow the creek bed on account of tangled vines, briars and shrubs.
Clambering around this and re-entering the creek bed one of the most
entrancing nooks of the island is soon reached. The canyon is blocked
22 FicLD Museum of Natural History — Botany. Vol. V.
at this point by a perpendicular cliff twenty-five feet high, and fifteen
wide, its face and sides completely clothed with ferns and mosses
kept bright and green by the continually dripping water which forms
a little transparent pool at its base. This densely shaded spot is well
worth a visit. The top of the clift' may be gained by climbing the
bank on the left with the aid of exposed roots and projecting rocks.
Here again conditions abruptly change : the country is open to the sky ;
less densely wooded ; grassy ; and slopes begin to appear which ascend
gradually to the summit of the divide. The creek bed is perfectly dry
and cut deep through rich, fine soil, with wall-like banks so steep that
search must be made to find a place that can be scaled. A final short
climb up the side of a barren ridge and the top of the Pacific Ridge
is gained. Turning to the right, on the ridge trail, and passing over
the top of j\lt. Wilson, a fine view is gained of the deep gorge of
Nolava Canyon. Passing the upper reaches of the right hand branch
of Big Wash Canyon, and the left hand branch of Avalon Canyon the
Equestrian Trail is reached, leading down to Avalon.
LOOKOUT POINT : — A high promontory closing the eastern
extremity of Pebble Beach. It is abrupt to the sea and cannot be
passed along the shore. The road ascends nearly to the summit to a
leveled point where garbage from the city is dumped over the cliff
to be attended to by the ravens. The shore may be gained by descend-
ing this malodorous dump though the passage is not recommended
being dangerous, and, from a botanical standpoint, hardly worth the
risk.
JEWFISH POINT : — Near the southeast extremity of the island,
may be reached through difficult and uncomfortable scrambling about
among the rock debris along the shore. From the base of the garbage
dump to the point the vegetation is sparse and clumpy. Nicotiana
glauca, Rhus laurina, Madia exigua, Zauschneria, Peresia microcephala,
Rhus integrifolia, Castilleia foliolosa, Ramona stachyoides, Eriogonum
giganteum and nudum and a few shrubs of Hetcromeles comprise, in
the main, the plants noted here. Immediately north of the Point there
is a rocky watercourse a short distance up which the banks give foot-
ing for Rihes znburnifolium.
The following stations, lying west of Descanso Canyon, are de-
scribed as they appear from the sea, that being the readiest method of
approach.
DESCANSO CANYON : — The first canyon west of Avalon, with
the Hotel St. Catherine occupying the full extent of its mouth. The
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 23
slopes on the left are very steep, richly grassy and harbor considerable
moisture. Here is an excellent collecting ground for plants flowering
in February and March as well as such adventive established species as
Bolhoxalis cerniia, Linaria, Konigia maritinia and Reseda odorata. The
right hand slopes are dry and cactus strewn ; they lead up to a narrow
ridge separating Descanso from Hamilton Canyon. Beyond the hotel
buildings the canyon soon narrows and affords an easy ascent to the
Coach Road at a point midway between its two loops.
HAMILTON CANYON:— Just over the ridge west of the hotel.
Like Descanso the left hand slopes are grassy and richly vegetated ;
they afford the earliest blooming place for Dodecathcon and Esch-
schoUzia. The broad level at the mouth is fertile and proves a profit-
able nearby field for collecting. Some of the finest Solanum Wallacei
bushes of the island may be seen here and the earliest flowering plants
of Cirsium occidcntale. The canyon is interesting throughout its ascent
to the Coach Road which it meets just beyond and to the right of the
Wishbone.
CHERRY CANYON : — A small, narrow canyon, with about 200
feet of pebble beach at its mouth. Viewed from the sea a sharp pointed
rock, 25 feet high, lies at the right and a cluster of white rocks stands
out plainly above the vegetation a short distance up the canyon. At
first the canyon bed is choked with tangled bushes, later with rock,
then it opens up into an easy climb throughout its short extent.
RATTLESNAKE CANYON:— The next canyon to the west
from Cherr}' Canyon. It breaks oft abruptly at the beach with rock
at each side of its narrow mouth. This canyon is not at all difficult
of exploration. It proves one of the most favorable localities for Cat-
alina perfume and Catalina cherry.
GALLAGHER'S CANYON : — From the sea this canyon presents
an ample gravel beach cut at its western quarter by a projecting mass
of isolated rock and at the eastern by a grotesque pile of lava. The
canyon has a fairly broad wash-level marked by a small house at the
base of the east slope and a dense clump of good size Sanibucus in
which the climbing form of Toxicodendron may be seen. A short dis-
tance beyond the beach the canyon divides into east and west branches
with a narrow, abrupt mountain ridge between.
This is the first canyon heading on the right at the Coach Road
after passing the Summit. The descent from there into either branch
is exceedingly steep. On the descent into the left hand branch from
the ridge between the two branches, perhaps 200 ft. above the creek
24 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
bed and standing on a steep lateral hollow facing eastward, is a grove
of the healthiest and largest Lyonothamnus trees to be seen on the
island.
The bed of the creek in this canyon is easy to work and will
prove an interesting collecting region throughout the year. In a
few places there is moisture though no flowing water. Some
distance above the mouth of the main canyon the central ridge termi-
nates in a broad glade extending to the beach. The main right hand
branch of the canyon, lying close to the central ridge, is more heavily
wooded and, in its upper reaches, is harder to climb because
of the thick under brush consisting in places of Ribcs viburnifolimn
and Lonicera. There are damp stretches midway up the mountain.
On the brow of a very steep lateral ridge, facing north, 200 feet
above the creek bed on the left side, there is a grove of Lyono-
thamnus trees at a much lower altitude than those of the left
branch. This grove is in poor condition — apparently dying out. Be-
low this point, on the banks of the creek, is the largest and finest grove
of Quercus tomentella and the most striking forest scene on Cat-
alina. In the wet season this proves one of the most productive fields
for collecting fungi, especially those species which grow on damp,
sliady ground.
BANNING'S CANYON : — Is next west of Gallagher's and some-
what similar to it in that it has two main branches, separated by a
high dividing ridge. There is a broad, flat, rich glade of about 30
acres leading in from the beach upon which grows a jungle of Nico-
tiana glauca. In this are also a number of fine Heteromcles trees.
The left hand canyon is less interesting. The right branch
is larger and has several further right hand branches extending up to
and on each side of the summit of Mt. Banning. There is water in
the main right hand branch which is easy of ascent for a half mile but
grows steep and difficult farther on. On the precipitous brow of a
lateral ridge, one half or three-quarters of a mile from the beach and
200 feet above the creek bed, there is an interesting grove of Lyono-
thamnus trees. From this grove another and finer one is to be seen
in one of the lateral canyons high up and to the left of Mt. Banning.
This main right hand branch is excellent collecting ground in the spring.
WHITE'S LANDING and SWAIN'S CANYON :— The mouth
of the canyon forms one of the finest beaches on the island. The
wash here is broad and valley-like extending inland an unusual dis-
tance. It may be said that there is no main canyon as it resembles a
meadow with canyons radiating from it around an arc of nearly 180'^.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 25
On this great wash deposit grow many interesting shrubs especially the
uncommon Malvastruni fascicidatum, and Solatium Wallacei 12 feet
high. The first canyon to the left parallels the shore, running up toward
Mt. Banning; the second to the left and the left branch of the third
also run up to the Mt. Banning watershed, the main bed of Swain's
Canyon is easily reached by way of the ridge between these. From
the right fork of the third left hand canyon to Black Jack there are
several short and steep canyons generally ending in perpendicular
cliffs which sharply define the watershed between Swain's and Middle
Ranch Canyons. Beyond Black Jack, and between it and the moun-
tains which constitute Long Point, the heights break away and the
canyons on this side slope gradually until lost in the watershed between
Swain's and Cottonwood Canyons.
The longest right hand canyon, beyond the landing, parallels the
shore in a northwestern direction extending up behind Long Point
and draining the southern slopes of its mountains. It also constitutes
the outlet of Echo Lake which nestles in a little cove against these
mountains with its opening toward the south.
There are small groves of trees scattered over this wide area in-
cluding most of the common species, as well as several groups of Lyono-
thamnus. The upper reaches of the canyons are open and treeless
except under the northern shoulder of Black Jack. The stream beds
of the left hand branches are deep and well shaded but, at the time of
our visit in July, were dry exhibiting no blooming plants of interest.
The varied degrees of light and shade in these canyons should
produce a great variety of early spring flowers. The floor of the main
valley and the lower end of several of its lateral branches are filled
with deep, rich soil supporting a heavy groAvth of grasses and shrubs.
The absence of large trees is doubtless due to the fact that this was
the site of an ancient Indian village.
COLLECTORS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
The most important collections (numerically) made on the island
are those of Lyon, Trask, Hasse, the Brandegees, Reed and Pendelton,
Grant and Wilson, Smith, Knopf and the authors. Of these and others
the herbarium of the Field Museum of Natural History contains the
largest aggregation — over 3,500 sheets.
So far as we have been able to amass the data, the following list
of collectors embraces the principal field-work done on the island :
BABCOCK, E(rnest) B(rown).
Spent about a month collecting in the vicinity of Avalon in the
spring of 1901. The specimens were deposited in the herbarium of
the Univ. Calif.
BAKER, C(harles) F(uller).
Spent a few hours (accompanied by his wife), in 1902, and
March 14, 1904, collecting (mostly lichens and fungi) in the small
w^ash back of the Catholic Church, Avalon. The lichens are in herb.
Hasse, Harvard Univ. The fungi in herb. Ellis, New York Bot.
Gard.
[i] "Notes on the Fauna and Flora of Catalina Island" — So. Cal.
Acad. Sci. 4:56-59 (1905)-
BAKER, M(arcus).
See Ball & Baker.
BARNHART, J(ohn) H(endley).
Collected in the vicinity of Avalon, Aug. 4, 1901. The few
specimens (about 12) we have been allowed to examine in his
private herbarium.
BARTHOLOMEW, Elam.
Accompanied by his wife he collected 6 species of fungi in the
neighborhood of Avalon on July 19, 191 5 (5885-5890). The spec-
imens are in his private herb, with duplicates distributed in his
exsiccati : "Fungi Columbiani" and "North American Uredinales".
A complete series in herb. Field.
[i] "Puccinia Agropyri E. & E". Jour. Mycol. 7:131.
BECKWITH, Florence.
Of the University of Rochester, N. Y., spent a few hours (on
June 5, 1915) "along the beach near Avalon." She secured about
a dozen species. The principal set is in herb. Rochester Academy
of Sciences, with a duplicate series in herb. Field.
BETHEL, E(llsworth).
Collected — for one day only — in 1912, 1913, 1914 and 191 5. His
26
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 27
plants, mostly fungi, are in the herbarium of the Colorado State
Museum, Denver, Colo.
BISHOP, Dr.
Note of Mrs. Trask : "He collected Marrubium vulgarc in the
vicinity of Avalon, 1896." See Erythea 7:142.
BOUGHTON, Fred S.
Of Pittsford, N. Y., during a collecting tour in "the west,"
secured a few specimens on Catalina, but as he labeled his sheets
simply: "Flora of the Western United States," the locaHties col-
lected are doubtful. He remembers 9 species as of Catalina, dup-
licates of which are in herb. Field. His original series is in herb.
Rochester Academy of Sciences.
BLAKE, S(idney) F(ay).
Of the U. S. Nat'l Herb, collected his numbers 966-970 in the
vicinity of Avalon, Sept. 11, 19 10. The plants are in his private herb.
BRANDEGEE, K(atherine) (Kate Curran).
See Brandegee, T. S. & Wife.
BRANDEGEE, T(ownshend) S(tith) & Wife.
Made quite an extensive collection in 1884, 1889, 1890, 1899,
and May 17 to 25, 1916; they have no record of the full number
of plants collected. The prime series of their earlier collections was
destroyed in the Cal. Acad. Sci. fire; partial sets of duplicates are
in herb. Field; herb. Gray; and herb. Univ. Calif, where their com-
plete herbarium is now deposited,
[i] "The Plants of Santa Catalina Island." Zoe 1:107-115 (1890).
[2] "Flora of the California Islands." Zoe 1:129-148 (1890).
CARLSON, J(ohn) I(ngomar).
Collected a few plants on each of three visits to the island, in
pursuit of herpetological investigations, on the 25-28 April, 1914;
13 June, 1915; and 10 May, 1918. The specimens are in the herb.
Calif. Acad. Sci.
CHAMBERLAIN, L(eander) T(rowbridge).
We have been unable to secure data as to his collection.
CHASE, (Mrs.) (Mary) Agnes.
Spent a short part of one day on the island on April 14, 1910.
She collected but four numbers (5560-5563) in the vicinity of
Avalon. They are in U. S. Nat'l Herb. Div. Agrost.
BALL, W(illiam) H(ealey) & Baker, M(arcus).
Made a general natural history collection in the vicinity of Cata-
lina Harbor, in Jan., 1874, in connection with the U. S. Coast Sur-
vey under Prof. B. Peirce, Supt. The material collected (including
a few plants) is in the U. S. National Herbarium.
28 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
DAVIDSON, (Dr.) A(nstruther).
Made several short trips to Catalina and one of two weeks'
duration, 1892 and 1895, the last of August and early September,
1893. On these trips he collected all species that appeared inter-
esting in the light of his extended knowledge of Los Angeles County-
plants. His collections are in his private herb, at Los Angeles. A
few duplicates are in the herb, of E. L. Greene, Notre Dame Univ. ;
and in the U. S. Nat'l Herb.
[i] "New Records for Catalina Island," Erythea 2:30 (1894).
[2] "Catalogue of the Plants of Los Angeles County" So. Calif.
Acad. Sci. i :i (1896).
[3] "New Plant Records for Los Angeles County" Ibid. 2 : 70 (1903).
EASTWOOD, Alice.
Spent six days on the island, July 20-25, 1917, mostly in the
vicinity of Avalon ; about the head of Gallagher's Canyon, and at
the Isthmus. She collected 92 numbers (6442-6533) now in the
herb. Cal. Acad. Sci., with a fair representation in herb. Gray and
herb. Field,
[i] "Notes on the Plants of St. Nicholas Island" Proc. Cal. Acad.
Sci. 3:89-120 (1898), including Catalina Island references.
EISEN, (Dr.) (August) G(ustav).
Collected on Catalina in 1874. The extent of his collecting is
unknown to us.
EVERMAN, B(arton) W(arren).
Collected a few plants while engaged in zoologic investigations,
in March, 1918. The specimens are in herb. Cal. Acad. Sci.
FISHER, Geo(rge) L(ewis).
Collected a few specimens on the ridge above the School House,
Avalon, June 16, 1920. The specimens exist in two complete series
in herb. Field and U. S. Nat'l Herbarium.
FRITCHEY, J(ohn) Q(uincy) A(dams).
Collected a few plants on Mar. 30, 1889. His specimens
are in herb. Mo. Bot. Gard.
GAMBEL, (Dr.) W(illiam).
The pioneer botanical collector of the island, Feb., 1847. While
his plants are supposed to be deposited in the herb. Phila. Acad.
Sci., yet the best labelled and fullest series (like those of Thos.
Nuttall, who named them) is in herb. Durand, British Museum,
London,
[i] "Plants Collected by William Gambel, M.D.. in the Rocky
Mountains and Upper* California." Thos. Nuttall in Jour.
Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila,, ns. 1:149 (1848).
[2] "Description of Plants Collected by Mr. William Gambel in
*In contradistinction to Lower California (Mexico).
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 29
the Rocky Mountains and Upper* California." Thos. Nuttall
in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. 4:7-26 (1850).**
GRANT, G(eorge) B(ernard).
Collected alone (1900, 1901, 1903) and with Walter Wheeler,
April 21-26, 1904. The extent of the collection is not known to us.
His prime series is in the herb. Stanford Univ., together with his
complete private herbarium. Dupl. series are in herb. Calif. Acad.
Sci., N. Y., Bot. Card, and herb. Field.
HALL, H(arvey) M(onroe).
Collected, with Mrs. Trask as guide, in June, 1908, from White's
Landing up Swain's Canyon to the Coach Road, and in the vicinity
of Avalon. He secured 20 specimens (8270-8289). These plants
are in herb. U. of Calif.
HASSE, (Dr.) H(ermann) E(dward).
This well-known California Lichenologist made many visits to
Catalina (from 1888-1915), primarily in search of his favorite plants.
During these he also collected such flowering plants as appeared of
special interest to him. His most extended visits (a few days)
were in July, 1888, and May, 191 1. His collections are in herb.
N. Y. Bot. Gard. and the Crypt. Herb., Cambridge, Mass.
His publications in which Catalina plants are represented are :
Bull. So. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2:23-26 Erythea 4:96-98
Bull. So. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2 :32-35 Erythea 3 :4i-44
Bull. So. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2:58-60 Erythea 4"-i50-i
Bull. So. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2:71-73 Contrib. U. S. Nat'l.
Hb. 17:1-132
Bull. So. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2:52-54 Bryologist 15:45-48
Bull. So. Cal. Acad. Sci. 5:38-45 Bryologist 13:61
Bull. Torrey Club 24:445-9 Bryologist 14:100-2
Bryologist ii :6-7
HELLER, A(mos) A(rthur).
Collected a few numbers on Catalina on two short visits, one in
June, 1908. Fie is unable to give us the actual data of his work.
HOWLAND, Mrs.
Catalina specimens of Phacelia hispida Navarrcfia hamata.
Elisia chrysanthemifolia and one of Emmenanthe pend. are credited
to her by Brand. We have found no other data concerning her col-
lecting.
JEPSON, W(illis) L(inn).
Collected on Catalina July 11-13, 1908, under the guidance of
Mrs. Trask. His principal interest was an intimate study of Lyono-
thamnus and the various species of Quercus. He collected inciden-
*In contradistinction to Lower California (Mexico).
**This article is a contraction of the previous article in the Journal as
indicated above.
30 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. \'.
tally 27 plants (3040-3066) which are now in the herb. Univ. of
Calf., together with his Field Notes (Vol. 19:3-35) a copy of which
he has kindly contributed to the herb. Field. His note book is
particularly interesting and valuable in its record of conversations
with Mrs. Trask, many of whose observations and remarks on
Catalina plants he carefully preserved,
[i] "Trees of California." (1909.)
[2] ''Flora of Western Middle California." (1901.)
[3] *'A Flora of California." (1909-1922.)
KENNEDY, P(atrick) B(everidge).
Collected in the vicinity of Avalon and at Moonstone Beach,
April 21, 1907, especially in search of Trifolium. His specimens
are in herb. U. S. Nat'l Museum,
[i] "Studies in Trifolium." Muhlenbergia 9:29 (1913).
KINGMAN, C(hester) C(ole).
Collected for three weeks on Catalina in Aug., 1910. His spec-
imens (principally mosses and Hepatics) are at present at his old
home in Reading, Mass. A few duplicates are in U. S. Nat'l Herb,
[i] "Notes on Hepaticae of Southern California." Bryologist
14:33-34 (1911)-
[2] "A list of Mosses collected in Southern California." Bryologist
15:93-95 (1912).
KNOPF, Ezra C(harles).
Began collecting on the island in March, 1921, and continued
the work at such intervals from his business, in Avalon, as time
permitted, until July 30, 1922; He visited all localities of rare finds,
even to the western extremity of the island. His specimens are
deposited in herb. Field Museum (Nos. 1-500).
[LEMMON, J. G.
While specimens of "Catalina" plants have been credited, in
publications, to this indefatigable California collector, the only ones
that we have seen and been able to trace are labeled "Santa Cata-
lina Mts." — an Arizona station.]
LYON, W(illiam) S(crugham).
Collected on Catalina in June, 1884, with Nevin (the plants
of this series of Nevin and Lyon bear no collecting numbers), and
July to October, 1885 (this series in herb. Gray bear numbers i
to 88-]-, with many species lacking numbers. There is no record
of whether the enumeration is Lyon's or Dr. Watson's — probably
Lyon's). He lists 151 species in the Botanical Gazette (see below).
His prime set of plants is in the Gray Herbarium, Harvard,
[ij "Flora of Our Southwestern Archipelago." Bot. Gaz. 11:197-
205; ibid. 330-336, plant Hst 303-4 (1886).
MACBRIDE, J, Francis & PAYSON, E(dwin) B(lake).
Spent July 18-19, 1915, collecting on the island. Their stations
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 3 1
were : Hills West of Avalon (835-6) ; Hills and Beach East of
Avalon (837-61); and the Isthmus (862-72). The prime set is in
Gray Herbarium, Harvard, the second in the Rocky Mountains
Herb., Laramie, Wyo.
McCLATCHIE, A(lfred) J(ames).
Spent ten days on the island in September, 1893. The full
extent of his collection is not known to us. The prime set is in the
herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden where McClatchie's complete herbarium is
now deposited,
[i] "Additions to the Flora of Los Ang-eles Countv and Catalina
Island."
I. Erythea 2 :76-8o.
II. Erythea 2:122-125.
[2] "Flora of Pasadena and Vicinity." Reed's Hist, of Pasadena
(^895)-
[3] "Seedless plants of Southern California. ' So. Calif. Acad. Sci.
1 :337-398 & 341-395 (1897)-
McCLATCHIE, Miss Anna Morrison.
Collected in 1894.
McGregor, E(rnest) A(Iexander).
Spent some time in early February, 1921, searching for
Rocella tinctoria for commercial purposes. During his search he col-
lected 23 species of lichens now deposited in the U. S. Nat'l Herb.
MERRITT, Alice J(ane) (Mrs. Anstruther Davidson).
Collected about 50 plants, in the vicinity of Avalon, in April,
1894. The collection is now in the herb, of Dr. A. Davidson, Los
Angeles, Calif.
MILLER, C. E. (Mrs.)
Lived at Avalon and was interested in Natural History. The
extent of her collection is not known to us. A few specimens col-
lected in 1918 are in the herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. Mr. Brandegee
thinks that she had no herbarium.
MILLER, Dr. Gerritt S. Jr.
Collected in 1921 a specimen of Opuntia (for Dr. Rose) in the
vicinity of Avalon. Specimen in U. S. Nat'l. Herb.
MILLSPAUGH, C(harles) F(rederick).
Spent part of two days (Dec. 4-5, 1919) collecting about Avalon
and Hamilton Canyon. Returned to the island Jan. i, 1920, and
collected there daily until April 3d, during which time he visited
and revisited (from bases at Avalon and the Isthmus) nearly all the
stations described in this Flora. His collection (4463-4481 & 4494-
4913) is in herb Field.
MOXLEY, George L(oucks).
Collected on Catalina May 6-7, 1919 (688-728) ; May 1-2, 1920
32 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
(73i"753). principally in the vicinity of Avalon. His specimens are
in the herb. Los Angeles County Historical Museum, with dupli-
cates in herb. Field.
NEVIN, (Rev.) J(oseph) C.
Collected with Lyon, 1884.
NORRIS, R(obert) S(tewart).
Collected a few specimens on Catalina in June, 1893, while
a student under Prof. E. L. Greene. His plant collecting was in-
cidental to other work. The specimens are in herb. Univ. of Calif.
NUTTALL, L(awrence) W(illiam).
Began collecting on Catalina April 27, 1920, and continued until
October; then intermittently until February 10, 1921. During his
work he covered all the stations mentioned on the previous pages
of this Flora, revisiting each several times as the season advanced.
His specimens (1-1250) are deposited in herb. Field.
PALMER, Dr. Edward.
Issued at set of plants labelled "Santa Catalina Lsland" and dated
Aug. 16, 1888. The collecting numbers (?25o-256?) run with those
of his San Diego and Guadaloupe Island plants of that year. On
some sheets a separate number is pasted which doubtless represents
his Catalina series of about 12 plants, deposited in the U. S. Nat'l
Herb.
PARISH, S(amuel) B(onsall).
Collected in the vicinity of Avalon and at Pebble Beach, March
31, 1916. He took only sixteen specimens (10,749-10,763) of plants
that appeared unusual in the light of his large acquaintance with
the plants of Los Angeles County. His specimens, together with
his entire private herbarium, are now in herb. Stanford University.
[i] "A Sketch of the Flora of Southern California." Bot. Gaz.
36:263-5 (1903).
[2] "Southern Extension of Polypodium Scouleri." Fern Bui. 9:40.
PAYSON, E(dwin) B(Iake).
(See Macbride & Payson.)
PENDLETON, Rob(er)t L(arrimore).
Collected 87 plants (1350-1436) in the vicinity of Avalon, Peb-
ble Beach, Moonstone Beach, and the Isthmus, July i-io, 1909. He
was accompanied by Fred M. Reed. Pendleton's series of specimens
is in the herbarium of the University of California where some
labels on the sheets are headed "Pendleton & Reed ;" these, how-
ever, bear Pendleton's numbers, not Reed's. Duplicates of about
one-half his plants are in herb. F'ield.
POLLAY, Harry.
Lived at Avalon. He collected a number of plants in 1889-
1891. A few of his plants are in the U. S. Nat'l Herbarium.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 33
REED, Fred(erick) M (orris).
Collected, in company with Pendleton and at the same stations,
about 100 plants, July 2-7, 1909 (? 2748-2859 ?) . Each collector
maintained his own series of numbers. Reed's plants are in the
herb. Univ. of California. A few duplicates in herb. Field.
RIXFORD, G(ulian) P(ickering).
Collected in the vicinity of Avalon, May, 1914. The extent of
his collecting- is unknown to us. His plants are in the herb. Calif.
Acad. Sci.
RUSBY, H(enry H(urd).
Collected a few plants, incidentally, in the vicinity of Avalon,
Aug. 17, 1915. His specimens are in herb. N. Y. Botanical Garden.
SANFORD, O. S.
A conchologist of San Diego, Calif., collected a few plants on
Catalina from 1880-1885.
SARGENT, C(harles) S(prague).
Spent about three days on Catalina in September, 1894, ob-
serving and collecting woody plants. The extent of his collection
is not known to us or remembered by him. The specimens are in
the herb. Arnold Arboretum, Boston.
SCHUMACHER, P(aul).
Collected on Catalina, June, 1878. His specimens are supposed
to be in herb. Gray, though we have failed to find any there.
SMILEY, Frank J(ason).
Collected during "four or five days" in June, 1919. His sta-
tions were Rock Falls Canyon ; Pebble Beach ; along the Coach
Road and from Summit down Gallagher's Canyon to the beach.
His collections are in his private herbarium.
SMITH, Huron H(erbert).
Spent about 5 weeks on the island from May 26 to July 4, 1912.
Most of his time was expended in photographing and collecting
dendrological material. He also collected 142 numbers for her-
barium purposes as follows : Vicinity of Avalon (4972-5007) ;
Avalon Valley (5068-5076) ; valley-end trails up to 1200 feet al-
titude (5008-5032) ; Pebble Beach Road (5033-5067) ; Pebble Beach
Canyon (5080-5098) ; Rock Spring Canyon (5099-5106), (5163-
5166); Summit (5077-5079, 5 167-5 168) ; Hay Press and Middle
Ranch Canyon (5110-5121) ; Silver Canyon (5107-5109) ; White's
Beach Valley (5169-5173) ; Swain's Canyon (5174). His speci-
mens are deposited in herb. Field where also may be seen his excel-
lent photographs and dendrologic material.
TOUMEY, J(ames) W(illiam).
Collected three days with Prof. Sargent in Sept., 1894. His few
34 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V,
specimens, principally woody plants, are now in U. S. Nat'l Herb,
and herb. Univ. of Arizona.
TRASK, (Mrs.) (Luella) Blanche.
Mrs. Trask lived on the island from 1895-1907, spending the
winter months at Avalon and the summer at Fisherman's Cove,
near the Isthmus. She was an indefatigable pedestrian and thought
little of walking over the ridge trail from Avalon to the Isthmus
and back in a day, or even making the trip one way in the night.
During her residence she not only "became acquainted with each
individual tree on the island and knew of every spring and canyon
far more intimately than the shepherds or any Native," but col-
lected and distributed both botanical and ethnological specimens
in great quantity. She died in San Francisco, Nov. 11, 1916. Her
prime plant collection was destroyed (except the types) in the
disastrous fire that visited the California Academy of Sciences
and her private herbarium in the great fire at Avalon, Nov.
29, 191 5. Fortvmately her duplicates, in part at least, are to be
found in other herbaria. In the herbarium of the New York Bot-
anical Garden her plants are mostly those of 1900-1, though the
dates range from 1895-1916; in the U. S. National Herbarium there
are about 500 sheets (principally San Nicholas and San Clemente)
and the specimens are more ample ; in the Herb. Gray a few Cata-
lina sheets are to be found, but the series is principally San Clem-
ente ; a number of her more interesting specimens were saved
from the California Academy fire and are in the herbarium of the
new building of that Society ; the herbarium of the Field Museum
contains 301 of her Catalina plants.
|i] "Field Notes from Santa Catalina Island." Erythea 7:135-146
(1899). Mentions 105 species of interest as to growth or at-
tractiveness.
[2] "The Heart of Santa Catalina." Land of Sunshine, Sept., 1897.
[3] "Flora of San Clemente Island." Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci.
3:90-95 (1904). Mentions man)^ Santa Catalina plants.
WALLACE, William A.
Collected on the island about 1854. His specimens were sent to
Dr. Gray and are now in Gra}'^ Herbarium, Harvard.
WALPOLE, F(rcderick) A(ndrews).
A brilliant botanical artist, associated with the U. S. Dept.
Agric. made color plates of Ribes viburnifolium and collected a fine
series of herbarium specimens of that species for the U. S. Nat'l
Herbarium in February, 1904.
WHEELER, (Mrs.) S. A. P.
Resided continuously at Avalon for a number of years previous
to 1897, during which time she was particularly interested in bot-
any and acted as guide or advisor to most of the visiting collectors
of that period. We have not been able to secure data concerning
her collections.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 35
WHEELER, Walter.
(See Grant & Wheeler.)
(WOOTON, E. O.
Specimens have been quoted as collected by him on Catalina
Island. He informs us that he never collected there. The speci-
mens mentioned have been misinterpreted. They doubtless bore
the label "Santa Catalina," meaning the mountains of that name in
Arizona.]
PUBLICATIONS OF CATALINA SPECIES BY OTHERS
THAN COLLECTORS THERE:
"A Phytogeographic and Taxonomic Study of the Southern
California Trees and Shrubs." LeRoy Abrams, Bull. N, Y.
Bot. Gard. 6:300-485 (1910).
"Insular Floras." Lorenzo G. Yates in Ninth Ann. Rep. State
(Calif.) Minerologist, pp. 11-20.
"Ferns of the Channel Islands." Lorenzo G. Yates, Bull. Sta.
Barbara Soc. Nat. Hist, i ,2:8-10.
"New^ Fungi from Catalina Island." J. B. Ellis and B. M. Ever-
hart. So. Calif. Acad. Sci. 4:62-3 (1905).
In the preparation of this work the senior author visited the her-
baria of the Univ. of Calif. ; Calif. Acad. Sci. ; Stanford Univ., Harvard
Univ. ; New York Bot. Gard. ; and the U. S. Nat'l Herb. At all of
these institutions he was granted the privilege of examining the Cat-
alina material deposited in each. For this and other courtesies he
wishes to record his sincere thanks to Profs. H. M. Flail and W. L.
Jepson and to Miss Harriett Walker ; Prof. LeRoy Abrams ; Miss
Alice Eastwood; Profs. B. L. Robinson and Roland Thaxter; Dr. N.
L. Britton and Messrs. F. W. Pennell and Percy Wilson ; Mr. William
R. Maxon ; Dr. J. N. Rose and William Paul Standley.
Later he also visited the herbaria at Kew and the British
Museum, London, where, through the kindness of Dr. A. W. Hill,
and Mr. A. R. Rendle, he examined the Gambel plants deposited
by Thomas Nuttall.
The various specialists who have contributed to the completeness
of this Flora are credited each under the group upon which he so will-
ingly worked.
SUMMARY
Gen. Sp.
SPERMATOPHYTA 257 455
PTERIDOPHYTA :
Ferns 5 9
Eqnisets i 2
Lycopods I I
BRYOPHYTA :
Mosses 16 28
Liverworts 6 8
THALLOPHYTA :
Fungi 133 213
Lichens 40 166
Total 459 882
36
THE FLORA
AH plants may be grouped under four great categories known as
Phyla or Sub-kingdoms, as follows :
Flowering plants :
Producing seeds. Phylum A. Spermatophyta.
Flowerless plants :
Ferns and fern allies. Phylum B. Pteridophyta.
Mosses and moss allies. Phylum C. Bryophyta.
Algae, Fungi, Lichens and allies. Phylum D. Thallophyta.
Phylum A. SPERMATOPHYTA.
Plants producing seeds which contain an embr}'0 formed of one
or more rudimentary leaves (Cotyledons), a stem, a root and a
terminal bud. The essential organs consist of a pistil composed of an
ovary containing one or more ovules ; a style, sometimes rudimentary.
tipped by a stigma or having a receptive surface known as the stigma :
and certain male organs known as stamens composed of a stem (not
always present) called the filament, an enlarged tip called the anther.
and its contents the pollen. Biologically the ovary contains an
embryo-sac (macrospore) which develops the minute female prothal-
lium, an archegone of which is fertilized by means of a tube or male
prothallium issuing from the pollen-grain (microspore) developed
within the anther-sacs (microsporanges).
The spermatophyta are divided into two Classes as follows :
Stigmas i or more :
Ovules and seeds in a closed cavity (ovary).
Class I. Angiospermak.
Stigmas none :
Ovules and seeds borne on the face of a scale.
Class 2. Gymnospermae.
(No plants of Class 2 have been found on the island).
Class I. ANGIOSPERM^.
Ovules enclosed in a cavity, the ovary, developed by the infolding
and uniting of the margins of a modified and rudimentary leaf, the
carpel; or of several such leaves joined together, in which the seeds
are ripened. The pollen-grains on coming in contact with the summit
of the carpel, the stigma, germinate by sending out a pollen-tube
which penetrates the stigmatic tissue to reach an ovule an orifice of
which (micropyle) it enters its tip coming in contact with a germ-cell in
37
38 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
the embryo-sac causing fertilization. In a few instances in this class
the pollen-tube enters the ovule at the chalaza, not at the micropylc.
This class is divided into two sub-classes, as follows :
Cotyledon i. Stem endogenous. Sub-class i. Monocotyledones.
Cotyledons normally 2 ; Stem normally
exogenous. Sub-clas.s 2. Dicotyledones.
Sub-class I. MONOCOTYLEDONES.
Embryo with a single cotyledon and the first leaves of the
germinating plantlet alternate. Stem composed of a mass of soft
tissue in which the bundles of wood-cells are irregularly imbedded.
There is no distinction as to wood, pith, and bark. Leaves usually
parallel-veined, mostly alternate and entire, commonly sheathing the
stem at their base and often showing no distinction of blade and
petiole. Flowers mostly 3-merous or 6-merous.
This sub-class is divided into Orders as follows :
♦Carpels i or more, distinct (in this Flora) ; parts of the
usually imperfect flowers mostly unequal in number.
Flowers not in the axils of chaffy scales :
Endosperm mealy or sarcous :
Perianth of bristles or chaffy scales. Order i. Pandanales.
Endosperm none or very little :
Perianth of 4 rudimentary sepals. Order 2. Naiadales.
Flowers in the axils of dry, chaffy scales : Order 3. Poales.
**Carpels united into a compound ovary ; parts of the flower
usually complete, mostly in 3s or 6s.
Perianth well developed.
Endosperm fleshy or horny. Order 4. Liliales.
Endosperm mealy ; ovary mostly superior. Order 5. Xyridales.
Order i. PANDANALES.
Our species aquatic or marsh plants with narrow, elongated
leaves and very small, imperfect and incomplete flowers in spikes
or heads. Perianth of bristles or of chaflfy scales. Ovary i,
i-2-celled. Endosperm mealy or fleshy.
Family i. TYPHACE^.
CAT tail family
Marsh or aquatic plants with creeping rootstocks, fibrous roots
and glabrous, erect, terete stems. Leaves ensiform, linear, flat,
striate, sheathing at the base. Flowers monoecious, densely,
crowded in terminal spikes which are subtended by spathaceous,
usually fugaceous bracts and divided at intervals by smaller cadu-
cous bracts, the staminate spikes uppermost. Perianth of bris-
Flora of Santa Catalina Islani) — Millspaugh & Nuttall 39
ties. Stamens 2-7, the filaments connate; ovary i, stipitate
i-2-celled. Ovules anatropous. Styles as many as the cells of
the ovary. Mingled with the stamens and pistils are bristly hairs
and among the pistillate flowers many sterile flowers with clavate
tips. Fruit nutlike. Endosperm copious.
I. TYPHA Linn.
Characters of the family as above.
Fruit pedicels i mm. or less,
Fruitinj? rachis 3-4 mm. thick. i. angustifolia.
Fruit pedicels 2-3 mm.
Fruitinjj rachis 8-1 1 mm. thick. 2, latifolia.
1. T. angustifolia Linn. Sp. PI. 971 (1753).
Typlia bracteata Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 2 :.] 1 3 ( 1887) .
Stem slender, 1-4 m. tall. Leaves narrowly linear, 2-20 mm
broad. Racemes light or dark brown the staminate and pistillate
portions usually separated by a small interval; each 1-4 dm. long;
pistillate portion with bractlets 0.5-2 cm. diam. Stigmas linear
or oblong-linear. Hairs accompanying the pistillate flowers with
or without club-shaped tips. Pollen-grains simple. Denuded
rachis of the mature pistillate raceme slender, 3-4.5 mm. thick,
roughened by the short, rigid pedicels which are i mm. or less in
length.
In permanent moisture of the deeper canons and low places on uplands. May
to July. Rock Spring Canon, Millsp. VJ6 .■; Soap Stone Quarry. Nittiall go6.
2. T. latifolia Linn. Sp. PI. 971 (1753).
Stems stout, 1-2.7 "^- tall. Leaves linear, 6-25 mm. broad.
Racemes dark-brown or blackish the staminate and pistillate por-
tions usually contiguous, each 8-20 cm. or more long; pistillate
portion without bractlets, 2-3.5 cm. diam. Stigmas rhomboidal
or spatlilate. Pollen-grains in 4s. Denuded rachis of the mature
pistillate raceme stout, 8-1 1 mm. thick, conspicuous by the long,
bristle-like, persistent pedicels which are sometimes 3 mm. in
length.
In permanent wet places. May to June. Typha Canon, Nuttall 307; Ham-
ilton Canyon, Knopf 40. CAT-TAIL.
Order 2. NAIADALES.
Aquatic or marsh herbs with or without stems and with short or
elongated rootstocks. Leaves alternate or opposite, flat or terete
above the stipular base ; blades narrow or broad, usually entire rarely
toothed, or wanting, the phyllodia various in shape. Flowers perfect
40 P'lELD Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
or unisexual and the pistillate ones rarely dimorphous, solitary or
clustered in the leaf-axils, or spirally arranged in a spike or borne on
a unilateral spadix. Perianth single or double, but imperfect, or
obsolete or wanting. Androecium of 1-4 stamens; filaments very
short or obsolete ; anthers mostly 2-4-celled, usually with large, some-
times petaloid, connectives. Gynoecium of a single carpel, or of 2-
several distinct or united carpels. Ovary superior; style present or
wanting; stigma disk-like, cup-like or elongate. Fruit nutlets, drupe-
lets or utricular.
Family 1. ZOSTERACEiE.
EEL-GRASS FAMILY.
Perennial marine plants with creeping rootstocks and flattened
branching stems. Leaves all alternate, 2-ranked, linear, flat or com-
plicate, sheathing at the base. Flowers monoecious or dioecious,
arranged on a one-sided spadix and enclosed in a close-fitting,
ultimately rupturing spathe. Perianth none but some of the flowers
covered by a hyaline envelope. Staminate flower of a single, sessile,
i-celled anther. Pistillate flower of two united carpels with a short or
elongate style and 2 thread-like stigmas. Seeds ribbed or smooth.
Embryo ovoid or ellipsoid.
I. PHYLLOSPADIX Hook.
Submerged salt-water perennials. Stems slender, much branched.
Leaves linear, grass-like, with a sheathing base. Inflorescence a
peduncled i -sided spadix enclosed in a sheathing spathe which splits
at maturity. Flowers dioecious, arranged in 2 rows on the spadix
each flower covered by a hyaline envelope. Perianth none. Staminate
flower of a single, sessile, i-celled anther. Pistillate flower with sessile
carpels. Style .short crowned by 2 capillary stigmas. Mature fruit
coriaceous, indehiscent, crowned by short style at the apex and
deeply cordate-sagittate at the base. Seeds membranous, globose, not
sulcate. .
I. P. Torreyi S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14 ; 303 (1879).
Stems simple or branched, flat, 3 dm. or more long. Leaves all
submerged, linear, flat when juvenile complicate or truly terete when
mature, 0.8-2 m. long, 0.7-1.5 mm. wide, obtuse or acute, sheathing,
primary nerves 1-3 or sometimes the blade nerveless. Inflorescence
a curved or straight spadix, the spathe mostly enclosing the flowers
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 41
and splitting after anthesis ; peduncles cauline, mostly branched, in
2s or 3s, mostly 3-14 cm, long and with numerous fugaceous bracts;
bracts scarious, obtuse or acute, 1-3.5 cm. long. Staminate flowers
numerous, in 2- rows, consisting of sessile, i -celled anthers. Pistillate
flowers of sessile ovaries. Mature fruit i-seeded, flask-shaped, 2-3
mm. long, beaked by the persistent style at the apex, deeply cordate-
sagittate at the base, with 2 projecting wings and sometimes winged
on the back. Seeds reddish.
Maritime, from low tide to 2 fathoms. June to July. Brandegee.
Order 3, POALES.
Grasses and sedges. Monocotyledonous plants, mostly herbace-
ous, with leafy or leafless, usually simple, stems (culms), the leaves
usually narrow and elongated, entire or minutely serrulate. Flowers
mostly perfect, small, incomplete, in the axils of dry, chaffy scales
(glumes) arranged in spikes or spikelets.
Fruit a caryopsis (grain) ; culm mostly hollow. Fam. i. Poaceae.
Fruit an achene; culm solid. Fam. 2. Cyperaceae.
Family i. POACE-ffi.*
GRASS FAMILY.
Annual or perennial herbs, of various habit, rarely shrubs or
trees. Culms (stems) generally hollow, but occasionally solid, the
nodes closed. Leaves sheathing, the sheaths usually split to the base
on the side opposite the blade ; a scarious or cartilaginous ring, naked
or hairy, rarely wanting, called the ligule, is borne at the orifice of
the sheath. Inflorescence spicate, racemose or paniculate, consisting
of spikelets composed of two to many 2-ranked imbricated bracts,
called scales (glumes), the two lowest in the complete spikelet always
empty, one or both of these sometimes wanting. One or more of the
upper scales, except sometimes the terminal ones, contains in the axil
a flower, which is usually enclosed by a bract-like awnless organ
called the palet, placed opposite the scale and with its back toward the
axis (rachilla) of the spikelet, generally 2-keeled; sometimes the palet
is present without the flower, and vice versa. Flowers perfect or
staminate, sometimes monoecious or dioecious, subtended by 1-3
minute hyaline scales called the lodicules. Stamens 1-6, usually 3.
Anthers 2-celled, versatile. Ovary i-celled, i-ovuled. Styles 1-3.
commonly 2 and lateral. Stigmas hairy or plumose. Fruit a seedlike
grain (caryopsis). Endosperm starchy.
*By A. S. Hitchcock.
42 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vcjl. \\
*Spikelets in pairs in racemes aggregated in a dense
inflorescence. Rachilla articulated below the glumes —
Andropogonae. i- Andropogon.
**Spikelets 3-flowered. Rachilla articulated above the
g\umes—Phalarideac. 2. Phalaris.
***Spikelets i-flowered. Rachilla sometimes prolonged
behind the palea as a naked bristle — Agrostideae.
Lemmas indurated, awn trifid. 3- Aristida.
awn simple. 4- Stipa.
Lemmas membranaceous :
Awned or mucronate from the tip. 5- Muhlenbergia.
Glume long-awned. 6. Polypogon.
Glume awnless or short-awned :
Saccate at the base. 7- Gastridium.
Not saccate at the base. 8. Agrostis.
**<=*SpikeIets 2 or several, in open panicles — Aveneae
Awns dorsal. Lemmas more than I2 mm. long. 9. Avena.
*:)*»*Spikelets i -several flowered in one-sided digitate
spikes— CA/ondrot'. 10. Capriola.
****** Spikelets 2-many-flowered, pedicels in racemes or
contracted panicles — Festucae.
Spikelets of two kinds in the inflorescence. 11. Achvrodes.
Spikelets alike in the inflorescence :
Plants dioecious.
Spikelets solitary. 12. Monanthochloe.
Spikelets in exserted panicles. 13. Distichus.
Plants not dioecious (except a few Poas) :
Lemmas 3-nerved: 14. Dissanthelium.
Lemmas 5-many nerved :
PCeeled and awnless. I5- Poa.
Keeled only at summit :
Glumes scarious margined. 16. Melica.
Glumes not scarious margined :
Lemmas entire. i?- Festuca.
Lemmas bifid at apex. 18. Bromus.
*******Spikelets i-several-flowered, sessile, on opposite
sides of a flattened or chanelled rachis : in a spike. — Hordeae.
Spikelets solitary at each joint:
Edgewise to the rachis. i9- Lolium.
Flatwise to the rachis. 20. Phouurus.
Spikelets 2 or 3 at each joint:
Spikelets i-flowered. 21. Hordeum.
Spikelets 2-6-flowered :
Axis of spike continuous :
Not disarticulating in maturity. 22. Elymus.
Disarticulating at maturity. 23. Sitanion.
*Panicoidcae — Spikelets with one perfect flower or with a second
staminate or neutral flower below. Rachilla articulated below the
flumes, the more or less dorsally compressed spikelets falling from
the pedicels entire, singly, in groups or together with joints of an
articulate rachis.
Andropogoneac — Spikelets in pairs (or the terminal in threes)
one sessile, or nearly so and fertile, the other pedicelled. Lemmas
hyaline.
T. ANDROPOGON Linn.
Spikelets in pairs (or the terminal in 3's) at each joint of the
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 43
articulate and usually hairy rachis, oi-^e sessile, perfect, i -flowered,
the other pedicellate, staminate, neutral or reduced to a pedicel.
Glumes of fertile spikelet 2, the first more cr less indurated, flattened
on the back with 2 prominent nerves near the margin the central less
prominent, the second glume as long as the first, keeled. Sterile and
fertile lemmas hyaline the latter awned. Petals minute or wanting.
Annual or perennial usually coarse grasses with terminal and often
axillary inflorescence of one to many spikes.
I. A. saccharoides Swtz. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 26 (1788).
Andropogon barbinodis Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 3 ( 1916) .
Culms tufted erect or somewhat spreading at the base, 6-12 dm.
high, glabrous except the densely-ascending-hispid nodes ; sheathes
glabrous ; blades 3-6 mm. wide, flat, scabrous above, the upper much
reduced ; panicle 5-7.5 cm. long consisting of several appressed or
ascending silky-white racemes somewhat flabellately aggregated near
the summit of the culm ; glumes of the sessile spikelet 5 mm. long,
awn about 2 cm. long, geniculate at the middle, tightly twisted below
the bend, loosely twisted above.
Dry hillsides and roadsides. Trask; slopes near Avalon. Davidson: be-
tween Cherry Valley and Rowland's Landing, Millsp. 4810, Knopf 194;
**Poacoideae — Spikelets i-many flowered, the imperfect or nidi-
mentary floret if any, uppermost (or if below the fertile one then the
spikelet strongly laterally compressed) : rachilla usually articulated
above the glumes ; these persistent on the pedicel or rachis after the
fall of the florets ; spikelets more or less laterally compressed.
Phalaridcae — Spikelets with one terminal perfect floret and a
pair of sterile florets below the group articulated above the glumes and
falling entire ; sterile florets sometimes staminate but usually small or
reduced to mere rudiments or pedicels.
2. PHALARIS Linn.
Spikelets with one perfect flower, laterally flattened. Glumes
equal, scaphoid, exceeding the florets. Sterile lemmas 2, small and
narrow, appearing like hairy scales attached to the fertile floret.
Fertile lemma indurated and shining in fruit enclosing a faintly 2-
nerved palea. Annuals or perennials with flat blades and dense.
spike-like panicles.
Spikelets single, all alike. Annuals :
Glumes broadly winged. i. minor.
Glumes wingless or nearly so ;
Acuminate, turgid, apex smooth. 2. Lemmoni.
Acute, less turgid, apex villous. 3. caroliniana.
44 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
1 . P. minor Retz. Obs. Bot. 3:8 ( 1 783) .
Annual ; culms erect 3 dm. to 0.9 m. high ; panicle ovate-oblong
to oblong, 1.25-5 cm. 'ong; glumes oblong, 2.6 mm. long, strongly
winged on the keel which has a green stripe on each side; wing
scabrous on the margin and more or less toothed ; fertile lemma ovate,
acute, villous, about 1.5mm. long; the sterile lemma solitary, about
I mm. long.
Lower levels near the sea. At Avalon, Trask; Millsp. 4913. Fields at the
Isthmus, Nuttall 224, 643. Reported as P. canariensis L. by Brandegee.
2. P. Lemmoni Vasey, Contr. Natl. Herb. 3 42 (1892).
Annual, culms erect, 3-9 dm. high; panicle dense, 5-10 cm. long;
glumes about 5 mm. long, narrow, acuminate, the lateral nerves about
midway between margin and keel ; fertile lemma ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, dark-colored at maturity, villous except the acuminate tip.
3.5 mm. long; sterile lemmas less than one-third as long.
Lower lands near the sea shore at Avalon, rare Trask.
3. P. caroliniana Walt. Fl. Carol. 74 (1788).
Annual, culms erect, 3-6 dm. high ; panicle oblong, 2.5-5 cm. long :
glumes 5-6.5 mm. long, oblong, rather abruptly narrowed to an acute
apex, the keel scabrous and narrowly winged above from below the
middle, the lateral nerves about midway between keel and margin ;
fertile lemma ovate, acute, densely villous, about 2 mm. long ; the
close-appressed sterile lemmas about one-third as long.
Rare and apparently introduced from the Southeastern States. Avalon,
along a canon stream (1897), Mar. (1901) and (1891), Mrs. Trask.
^**Agrostideae — S pikelets i -flowered, the rachilla sometimes pro-
longed behind the palea as a naked or plumose bristle ; glumes usually
as long or longer than the lemma.
3. ARISTIDA Linn.
Spikelets i -flowered, in narrow or open panicles. Glumes
narrow, acute, acuminate or short-awned. Lemma with a hard,
obconical, pubescent callus, somewhat indurated, convolute, including
the thin palea, terminating in a usually trifid awn. Tufted annuals or
perennials with a narrow blade.
I. A. adsensionis Linn. Sp. PI. 82 (1753).
Aristida hromoides HBK. Nov. Gen. et. Sp.i :i22 (1816).
Annual. Culms much branched at base, 1-3 dm. long, erect or
often spreading or prostrate; blades 2.5-5 cm. lorig» narrow, usually
involute ; panicle narrow, rather dense. 5-7.5 cm., the branches short,
fascicled; glumes unequal, smooth except the keel of the first, i-
nerved. The first 3-6 mm. long, acutish, the second 7-9 mm. long,
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 45
obtuse or slightly mucronate ; lemma 8-10 mm. long, smooth except
the upper portion of the keel, the callus with a dense tuft of short
hairs, the apex scarcely narrowed ; awns equal, finally spreading,
about I cm. long or the lateral sometimes shorter.
Open ground. Brandcgce, May 16 (i8go), also his No. 56 collected on the
same date (both in hb. U. S.) ; on a clayey bank, Fourth o' July. Millsp. 4795-
THREE-BARBED GRASS.
4. STIPA Linn.
Spikelets i -flowered, in terminal open or narrow panicles. Glumes
narrow, acute or bristle-tipped. Lemma with a bearded, sharp-
pointed callus, pubescent, indurated, convolute, including the small
palea, terminating in a simple, usually stout, geniculate, twisted awn.
Rather coarse, tufted perennials with narrow or involute blades.
Awn not plumose ;
Terminal segment about 6.25 cm. long. i. pulchra.
Terminal segment about 2 cm. long. 2. lepida.
1. S. pulchra Hitchc. Am. Jour. Bot. 2:301 (1915).
Stipa setigera Presl. of various Calif, references.
A cespitose perennial ; culms scaberulous or smooth, pubescent
below the nodes, mostly 6-10 dm. high; sheathes smooth or scaber-
ulous ; ligule truncate, 2-3 mm. long or shorter on the innovations ;
blades flat or soon involute, 1-4 mm. wide, pilose above, scaberulous
beneath ; panicle open, 1-3 dm. long, the main axis smooth or scaber-
ulous, the branches slender, scaberulous, ascending or spreading, some-
what flexuous, mostly in pairs, naked below, the lower 8-15 cm. long,
sometimes pubescent around the axils ; spikelets loosely clustered
toward the ends of the branches, the branchlets slender, the ultimate
lateral pedicels 2-3 mm long ; glumes nearly equal, usually purple,
attenuate-pointed, about 15 mm. long, the lower 3-nerved, the upper
5-nerved ; lemma oblong, including the narrow, sharp, pilose callus
8-10 mm. long, pubescent in lines from below to about the middle, or
somewhat pubescent all over, the surface minutely tuberculate, the
apex somewhat constricted into a neck with a ciliate edge of erect
hairs ; awn 6-8 cm. long, twice geniculate, appressed pilose to the first
bend, scabrous above, the terminal segment slender and flexous.
Open situations. Lyon and Brandegee lists. In scattered tufts on silt soil,
Echo Lake, Knopf, 7, 201 ;
2. S. lepida Hitchc. ibid 302.
Stipa eminens Cav. of various Calif, coast references.
A cespitose perennial ; culms erect, smooth or scaberulous,
pubescent below the nodes, 5-8 dm. high ; sheathes smooth or scaber-
ulous or sometimes a little pubescent, more or less villous at the
mouth ; ligule a narrow membrane about 0.5 mm. long, blades flat.
46 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
more or less involute in drying, 1-3 dm. long, 1-4 mm. wide, pubescent
above, smooth or scaberulous beneath; panicle loose, 10-13 cm. long,
the axis smooth or scaberulous, the branches single or in pairs or the
lower sometimes in threes, spreading, scabrous, slender, naked below,
sometimes pilose in the lower axils, the lower nodes distant; spikelets
pale or purplish, clustered on the upper half or two-thirds of the
branches, the branchlets appressed ; glumes thin, narrow, gradually
acuminate, slightly unequal, the lower 7 mm. long, 3-nerved, tlie upper
3-nerved or faintly 5-nerved ; lemma about 5-nerved, pilose on the
callus, rather sparsely pubescent all over or glabrate above, narrowed
toward the apex but with no distinct neck, the inconspicious crown
minutely ciliate ; awn mostly 2.5-3.5 cm. long, very slender, minutely
appressed pubescent below or nearly glabrous, scabrous above, twice
geniculate, the bends often indistinct, the terminal segment somewhat
flexuous.
Open situations. Brandegee 59 (1890) ; on a sandj- level of the arroya of
Gallagher's Canon, Millsp. 4S6S. g
Stipa lepida Andersoni (Vasey) Hitchc, ibid 303.
Stipa eminens Andersoni Vasey, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herb. 3:54
(1892).
Differs in being smaller and in having narrower and fewer-
flowered panicles and somewhat smaller spikelets.
Hillsides and bluffs. Bluff facing the ocean at Pebble Beach, and hillside
of Canon opposite Chicken Johnny's, Nutfall 115, ^36; Sugar Loaf. Pendleton
1384. FEATHER GRASS.
5. MUHLENBERGIA Schreb.
Spikelets i -flowered. Glumes thin, i -nerved, often aristate.
Lemma with a short, often barbate callus, narrow, membranaceous,
3-nerved, acute, mucronate or often awned from the tip or from
between the teeth of the bidentate apex. Palea thin, about as long
as lemma. Annual or usually perennial grasses, the inflorescence
varying from an open and diffuse, to a narrow and spike-like, panicle.
I. M. microsperma Trin. Gram. Unifl. 193 (1824) (by inference
only).
Muhlenhergia purpurea Nutt. as to Gambel's specimen.
Muhlenhergia gracilis Trin. of Brandegee's list (See Parish, Zoe
5:112.
Annual, often purple; culms spreading, 1.5-3.5 dm. high, scaber-
ulous especially below the nodes ; sheathes smooth or scaberulous ;
ligule I mm. long ; blades 2.5-5 cm. long, i mm. wide, flat, scabrous ;
panicles narrow, loose, 2.5-7.5 cm. long ; glumes ovate, obtuse or
emarginate, i-nerved, unequal, the second the longer, i mm. long;
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 47
lemma narrow, acuminate, 3-nerved, 3 mm. long, appressed-pubescent
on margins and callus; awn terminal, capillary, 10-15 mm. long.
Cleistogamous spikelets are developed at the base of the lower sheaths.
These are solitary or few in a fascicle in each axil, each spikelet
included in the indurated, thickened, tightly rolled porophyllum. The
glumes are wanting and awn of the lemma reduced, but the grain is
larger than that of the spikelets in the terminal inflorescence, being
about the same length (i mm.) but much thicker. The porophyllum
enclosing the spikelet is narrowly conical and readily disarticulates
from the plant at maturity.
Open situations. Gambel; Avalon, Mrs. Trask G12 and March (1901) ;
Brandegee; Howland's Landing, Millsp. 4S1S; Equestrian Trail, Alt. 600 ft.,
Nuttall 323, 729. DROPSEED GRASS.
6. POLYPOGON Desf.
Spikelets i -flowered, in dense terminal panicles. Glumes 2,
ending in a long slender awn. Lemma much shorter than the glumes,
hyaline, short-awned. Annual or perennial, spreading, weedy grasses,
with flat blades and bristly panicles.
Awns 1-3 mm. long, panicle somewhat lobed. i. lutosus.
Awns 7-10 mm. long, panicle compact. 2. monspeliensis.
1. P. lutosus (Poir) Hitchc. Bull. U. S. Dept. Agr. 772:138 (1920).
Agro^tis lutosa Poir. Encycl. Suppl. 1 1249 (1810).
Polypogon littoralis Smith Comp. Fl. Brit. 13 ( 1800) .
Perennial ; culms geniculate at base, 3-6.5 dm. high ; sheaths
scabrous; ligule 2-4 mm. long or the uppermost longer; panicles
oblong, 5-15 cm. long, more or less interrupted or lobed; glumes
equal, scabrous on back and keel, 2-3 mm. long, terminated by an awn
as long; lemma smooth and shining, i mm. long, minutely toothed at
the truncate apex ; awn about as long as the glume. Introduced from
Europe.
Waste grounds of moist places. Avalon, Mrs. Trask G5, G26; Brandegee 61 ;
Avalon Canon and Silver Canon, Smith 4993, 5109; Rock Spring Canon, Millsp.
4506, 4706; Avalon Run, Big Wash Canon and Typha Canon, Nuttall 172, 234,
308, 670.
2. P. monspeliensis Desf. Fl. Atlant. i : 67 (1798).
Annual; culms erect or decumbent at base, scabrous below the
panicle, depauperate or as much as 6 dm. long; sheaths smooth, the
ligule large; panicles dense and spike-like, 2.5-15 cm. long, 8-15 mm.
wide, tawny-yellow ; glumes obtuse, hispidulous, 2 mm. long, terminat-
ing in an awn 6-8 mm. long ; lemma as in P. lutosus.
Introduced from Europe to wet places. Avalon, rare by springs, Mrs. Trask,
April, 1898; Brandegee ; Silver Canon, Smith 5108; Rock Spring Canon, Nuttall
48 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
348, Rock Falls Canon 253 & 559; Big Wash Canon 344* Pebble Beach Canon
536; Ridge White's Valley to Echo Lake, Knopf i.f9- BEARD-GRASS.
7. GASTRIDIUM Beauv.
Spikelets i -flowered, in spike-like panicles. Glumes 2, enlarged
or saccate at the base, much longer than the floret. Rachilla prolonged
behind the palea. Lemma pubescent, truncate, hyaline, awnless or
bearing an awn just below the apex. Palea narrow, about as long
as the lemma. Cespitose annuals with flat blades and pale shining
panicles.
I. G. ventricosum (Gouan) Schinz & Thell. Vierteljahrs. Naturf.
Ges. Zurich, Jahrg. 58:39 (1913).
Agrostis vcntricosa Gouan Hort. Monsp. 39 ( 1762) .
Gastridhmi lendigermn Gaud. Fl. Helv. 1 : 176 ( 1828) .
Culms about 3 dm. high, smooth ; panicle 5-7.5 cm. long, dense
and spike-like ; Glumes 3 mm. long gradually narrowed into an awn-
point ; lemma much shorter than the glumes, globular, pubescent at
apex, the awn 5 mm, long, geniculate.
Dry open banks. Arroya beyond Chicken Johnny's, Millsf>. 4552; slopes
near Avalon, Davidson (reported as Gastridium australd); Middle Ranch
Canon, Nut tall 2gy, ^33.
8. AGROSTIS Linn.
Spikelets i-flowered, in narrow open panicles. Glumes subequal,
acute or acuminate. Lemma shorter than the glumes, thin, obtuse,
awnless or awned from the back. Palea small, minute or wanting.
Rachilla (except in sect. Podagrostis) not prolonged. Annual or
usually perennial, slender grasses with small spikelets.
Palea evident, 2-nerved :
Glumes scabrous on keel and back. i. verticillata.
Palea wanting, or a small nerveless scale ;
Plants spreading by rhizomes. 2. diegoensis.
Plants tufted, not producing rhizomes. 3. exarata.
I. A. verticillata Vill. Prosp. 16 (1779).
Agrostis stolonif era of Jeps. Fl. Calif.
Culms usually decumbent at base, sometimes with long, creeping
and rooting stolons ; panicle contracted, lobed or verticillate, especially
at base 4-10 cm. long, light green or rarely purplish, the branches
spikelet bearing from the base; glumes equal, obtuse, scabrous on
*A dwarf form, 3-4.5 cm. high, with very narrow ligules and blades and
with panicles but 6 mm. long. Growing in damp moss of the creek-bed.
Flora OF Santa Catalixa Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 49
back and keel, 2 mm. long; lemma i mm. long, awnless, truncate and
toothed at apex ; palea nearly as long as the lemma.
^loist situations. In crevices of wet rock. Rock Spring Canon, Millsp. 4642.
2. A. diegoensis Vasey, Bull. Torr, Club 16:55 (1886).
Agrostis foliosa Vasey idem. Not Roem. and Shult.
Culms erect 2.5-4.5 dm. high, erect from creeping rhizomes ;
panicles somewhat contracted almost spike-like 5-10 cm, long the
branches stiffly ascending; lemma a little shorter than the glume,
awnless, or with straight or rarely a bent awn, the hairs at base
minute ; palea wanting.
Moister hillside meadows. Rare. Avalon Canon, Trask. Brandegee 50 (as
Agrostis canina L.) : Golf Links Canon, Canon Opposite Chicken Johnny's, and
near the Equestrian Trail, Nuitall 94, 325, 337, 338. BENT GRASS.
3. A. exarata Trin. Gram. Unifl. 207 (1824).
Culms erect 6-12 dm. high, or often depauperate; panicle con-
tracted and spike-like or loose and somewhat spreading, the branches
densely flowered ; glumes 3-4 mm. long, scabrous on the keel and
usually on the back ; Lemma 2 mm long, awnless, or rarely with a
short prickle on the back ; palea a minute nerveless scale i mm. long.
Moist situations. Brandegee list. There is no specimen in the U. S.
Herb, from Catalina, though it is quite possible that the Brandegee reference is
correct. BENT GRASS.
9. AVENA Linn.
Spikelets 2-6-flowered, in open panicles. Rachilla bearded below
the florets. Glumes subequal, membranaceous, many-nerved, longer
than the lemmas and usually exceeding the uppermost floret. Lemmas
indurated except toward the summit, 5-9-nerved, bidentate at apex,
bearing a long, dorsal, twisted awn (often straight or wanting in
cultivated forms). Annuals or perennials with large spikelets.
Lemmas pubescent with long, usually brown hairs.
Teeth of lemmas acute, not awned. r. fatua.
Teeth of lemmas awned. 2. barbata.
1. A. fatua Linn. Sp.Pl. 80 (1753).
Culms 3-9 dm. high, erect, stout ; panicle loose and open the
slender branches usually horizontally spreading; spikelets usually 3-
flowered ; glumes about 2.5 cm. long; rachilla and lower part of the
shining lemma clothed with long stiff brownish hairs ; florets readily
falling from the glumes ; lemma nerved above, about 19 mm. long,
the teeth acuminate but not awned ; awn stout, geniculate, red-brown,
twisted below, about 3.75 cm. long.
A native of Europe, now one of the common grasses of the Pacific Coast.
Mrs. Trask, Brandegee, Lyon; Pebble Beach and Avalon Canon, Millsp. 4554,
473S. WILD OATS.
50 Field Museum of Natural Mistorv — Botany, Vol. \'
J. A. barbata Brot. Fl. Lusit. i : io8 (1804).
Similar to A. fatua ; spikelets somewhat smaller, 2-flowered,
the pedicels curved and capillary ; lemma clothed with stiff red hairs,
the teeth acuminate and ending in fine awns 4 mm. long.
A native of Europe, now established in fields and waste grounds throughout
the Pacific Coast. The most plentiful grass on the mountain slopes of Catalina.
McClatchie; Avalon, Chase 55^3; Knopf 27; Millsp. 453^, 4555. 4663; Nutfall 560.
WILD OATS.
ID. CAPRIOLA Pers.
Spikelets i -flowered, compressed, awnless, sessile in 2 rows
along one side of a continuous rachis. Glumes unequal, narrow, acute,
keeled. Rachilla prolonged behind the floret as a blunt pedicel.
Lemma broad, boat-shaped, obtuse, ciliate on the keel. Palea as long
as lemma, the prominent keels close together, ciliolate. Low peren-
nials with creeping rhizomes or stolons and slender digitate unilateral
spikes.
T. C. Dactylon (L.) Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. 2 764 (1891).
Panicum dactylon Linn. Sp. PI. 58 ( 1753) .
Cynodon dactylon Pers. syn. 1 185 ( 1805) .
Culms flattened, wiry, glabrous ; ligulc a conspicious ring of
white hairs ; spikes 4 or 5, 2.5-6.5 cm. long ; spikelets imbricated, 2
mm. long, the lemma longer than the glumes.
A native of the warmer parts of the Old World now sparingly established
on Catalina. Mrs. Trask; Avalon Canon. Smith 5003; Avalon, Millsfy. 4540:
Coach Road, Nntlall 285. BERMUDA GRASS.
n. ACHYRODES Boehmer.
Spikelets of two kinds, in fascicles, the terminal one of each
fascicle fertile, the others sterile; fertile spikelet with one perfect
floret, the rachilla produced beyond the floret, bearing a small awned
empty lemma or reduced to an awn; glumes narrow, acuminate or
short-awned, i -nerved; lemma broader, raised on a slender stipe,
scarcely nerved, bearing just below the apex a delicate straight awn;
sterile spikelets linear, 1-3 in each fascicle, consisting of 2 glumes
similar to those of the fertile spikelet and numerous distichously
imbricate, obtuse, awnless, empty lemmas. A low, erect annual with
flat blades and oblong compact panicles, the crowded fascicles droop-
ing, the fertile being hidden, except the awns, by the numerous sterile
ones.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 51
I. A. aureum (L.) Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. 2:758 (1891).
Cynosurus aureus Linn. Sp. PI. /2 ( 1753) .
Lamar ckia aurea Moench. Meth. PI. 201 (1794) .
Culms, erect, or decumbent at base, 1-3.75 dm. high; leaves
smooth ; ligule prominent, decurrent as a broad, scarious margin ;
panicle dense, 2.5-7.5 cm. long, 13-25 mm. wide, shining, golden-
yellow or purplish, the branches close, short, erect ; pedicles fascicled,
somewhat clavate, pubescent, spreading at right angles, the fascicles
with a tuft of long whitish hairs at the base ; fertile spikelet about 2
mm. long, the sterile 6-8 mm. long; glumes narrow, hyaline, 2 mm.
long; lemmas awned from below the apex.
A Mediterranean species first found on this continent by Parry & Lemmon
in 1875 ; now a common grass in Los Angeles and San Diego Counties. Dry
hillsides and open situations generally. Mrs. Trask G2; Brandegee 60; Avaloii
Canon, Smith 4999; Chase 5565; Descanso Canon and the East Hills, Millsp.
4669, 4S39; School House to top of mountain. Nuttall 22; Knopf 98. GOLDEN
TOP.
12. MONANTHOCHLOE Engelm.
Spikelets 2 or 3-flowered, unisexual, the staminate and pistillate
dissimilar, usually sessile in pairs and concealed within the leaf
fascicles, the upper floral leaves becoming smaller, at length reduced
to sheaths and resembling the glumes. Lemmas membranaceous,
rigid, obtuse or denticulate. Palea enclosed within the lemma.
I. M. littoralis Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 1 1436 (1859).
A creeping stoloniferous perennial with wiry stems and short,
rigid, crowded leaves.
Salt marshes and mucky tidal flats. Brandegee list ; Catalina Harbor,
Pendleton 1425.
13. DISTICHLIS Raf.
Spikelets many-flowered, dioecious, strongly compressed, in small
panicles. Glumes unequal, firm, keeled, acute. Lemmas coriaceous,
rigid, faintly many-nerved. Rigid erect perennials, with stout rhizomes
and dense panicles of rather few spikelets.
I. D. spicata (L) Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 2:415 (1887).
Uniola spicata Linn. Sp. PI. 71 (1753) .
Distichlis maritima Raf. Jour, de Phys. 89 : 104 ( 1819) .
Pale or glaucous; culms 1-6 dm. high; sheaths overlapping;
blades often conspicuously distichous, rigidly ascending; panicle
narrow, 1.5-5 cm. long: spikelets 8-17 mm. long, the florets closely
imbricated.
52 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Salt marshes and saline soils near the coast. Mrs. Trask, Sept. (1896) ;
Brandegee; Little Harbor just west of Road House and in black muck o£
creek-bed, Nuttall 761, 818; Pendleton 1428. SALT GRASS.
14. DISSANTHELIUM Trin.
Spikelets 2-4-flowered, the uppermost reduced to a stipe, arranged
in panicles. Glumes narrow, acute, equaling or exceeding the spikelet,
the first I -nerved the second 3-nerved, Lemma broad, awnless, 3-nerved.
I. D. californicum (Nutt.) Benth. Hook. Icon. PI. 3, 4:56, pi. 1375
(1881).
Stenochloa calif ornica Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 2, i :i89 ( 1848) .
Culms 6dm. to i m. high, smooth; leaves smooth; ligule mem-
branaceous, 2-6 mm. long ; blades flat, lax ; panicle narrow, loose,
1.5-2 dm. long, the lower branches of clusters rather remote; glumes
somewhat unequal, the first about 2-3 mm. long ; lemmas about 3 mm.
long, minutely villous especially below. Apparently an animal.
Known only from California, especially the Channel Islands. Type from
Catalina Island, Gambel; Brandegee.
15. POA Linn.
Spikelets 2-several-flowered, the uppermost floret rudimentary,
in open or narrow panicles. Glumes keeled, i -3-nerved. Lemmas
herbaceous or membranaceous, mostly scarious-tipped, acute or obtuse,
keeled, awnless, 5-nerved the intermediate nerves sometimes obscure,
keel and marginal nerves sometimes villous, the florets sometimes with
cobwebby hairs at base. Annuals or perennials with blades ending in
a navicular point.
Plants annual, lemmas villous on nerves below :
Panicle pyramidal, open. i. annua.
Plants perennial, lemmas pubescent below :
Panicle usually narrow ; sheathes scabrous. 2. scabrella.
1. P. annua Linn. Sp. PI. 68 (1753).
Annual ; culms flattened, decumbent at base, sometimes rooting at
the lower nodes ; sheaths loose ; blades soft and lax ; panicle pyramidal,
open, 2.5-7.5 cm. long ; spikelets crowded, 3-6-flowered, about 4 mm.
long; lemma not webbed at base, distinctly 5-nerved, the nerves pilose
on the lower half.
Open situations and waste grounds. Mrs. Trask G4; Brandegee 48, and
May 16 (1890). MEADOW GRASS.
2. P. scabrella Benth. Vasey Grasses U. S. 42 (1883).
Tufted perennial ; culms erect 6 dm. to i m. high, usually scabrous,,
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugii & Nuttall ^
00
at least below the panicle ; sheaths scabrous ; ligule rather long ; blades
mostly basal, flat, narrow, usually about i mm. wide, lax, more or less
scabrous ; panicle narrow, usually contracted, sometimes rather open
at base, 5-12.5 cm. long; glumes scabrous, 3 mm. long; spikelets
narrow, 6-10 mm. long; leminas 4 mm. long, puberulent or scabrous
on back and more or less crisp-pubescent at base.
All situations, especially dry opens. Avalon, Mrs. Trask, Mar. (1901) :
along the Equestrian Trail at 700 ft. alt. and Golf Links Canon, Nuttall 324, 551.
16. MELICA Linn.
Spikelets 2-several-flowered, in panicles. Glumes large, unequal,
membranaceous or papery, scarious-margined, 3-5-nerved, awnless, a
little shorter than the florets. Rachilla prolonged beyond the upper-
most fertile floret and bearing 2 or 3 gradually smaller empty lemm.as
more or less convolute and enclosing one another at the apex. Lemmas
firm with scarious margins, 7-nerved awnless or awned below the
bifid apex. Perennials, often bulbous at base, with closed sheaths
and usually few-flowered panicles.
Fertile florets i or 2 in each spikelet :
Fertile lemmas pubescent. i. Torreyana.
Fertile lemmas glabrous. 2. imperfecta.
1. M. Torreyana Scribn., Proc. Acad. Phila. 1885 :43 (1885).
Culms from a loose and decumbent base, 3-9 dm. high, not
bulbous ; blades flat, lax ; panicle narrow, rather loose the branches
more or less fascicled, appressed or ascending, the lower fascicles
distant ; spikelets 6-8.5 mm. long, with i or 2 perfect florets and a
rudiment ; glumes strongly nerved, nearly as long as spikelet ; lemmas
pubescent; rudiment long-pediceled, obovoid, divergent.
Open banks and slopes. May to August. Pebble Beach Road. Pendleton &
Reed (Pendleton) 1371.
2. M. imperfecta Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI Sci. Nat. 2' : ^o
(1836).
Melica poaeoides Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 2, i :i88 ( 184S) *
Culms erect, 6 dm. to i m. high ; blades narrow, usually not over
2 mm. wide ; panicle narrow, from a few centimeters to 3 dm. in
length, the branches more or less fascicled, long and short together :
spikelets 4-6 mm. long, purple-tinged, usually with i perfect floret and
a rudiment ; glumes indistinctly nerved ; lemma a little longer than the
glumes, smooth, indistinctly nerved, obtuse ; rudiment oblong, short-
pediceled, appressed to the palea.
*The type of Nuttall is said to be from "Santa Catalina Island" — Gambel.
But I have examined the type specimen in the Herbarium of the British Museum.
The label gives the locality as "St. Diego" — Hitchcock, Jeps. Fl. Cal. ni:i48.
54 FiKLD Museum of Nati-ral History — Botany, Vol. V.
Dry open situations. Lyon; Brandegee 5f>, 58 (1890) ; Mrs. Trask 11, 32
(1897), 7, 21 (1898), and Mar. (1891); Pebble Beach Road, Smith 5059; Mrs.
Chase 5567; Pebble Beach Canon, Pebble Beach Salina and Wishbone, Millsp.
4758, 4747, 4684; Pendleton 1413; Golf Links Canon and at Chicken Johnny's,
Nttltall 97, 350; Echo Lake, Knopf 32; MELIC GRASS
Melica imperfecta minor Scribn. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1885 : 42
(1885).
Blades glabrous, very narrow ; plant low, less than 3 dm. high.
A scarcely distinct variety.
Mrs. Trask in herl). U. S.
17. FESTUCA Linn.
Spikelets 2-several-flowered in narrow or open panicles. Glumes
narrow, acute, the first i -nerved the second 3-nerved. Lemmas firm,
rounded on the back, at least below, acute or awned from tip, rarely
obtuse or awned from a cleft apex, faintly 3-5-nerved. Annuals or
perennials, usually tufted.
Florets 5-13 in each spiklet. i. octoflora.
l'"lorets 1-3 in each spiklet :
Branches of the panicle normally divergent ;
Lemmas glabrous. 2. reflexa.
Branches of the panicle erect or appressed ;
Lemmas ciliate. 3. megalura.
Lemmas not ciliate. 4. myuros.
1. F. octoflora Walt. Fl. Carol. 81 (1788).
Festuca tcnella Willd. Sp. PI. 1 419 (i797)-
Culms slender, erect, usually 1.5-3 dm. high; blades narrow,
involute ; panicle narrow, the branches short, appressed ; spikelets 6-8
mm. long, densely 5-13-flowered ; glumes subulate-lanceolate, the first
i-nerved, 3mm. long, the upper 3-nerved, 6mm. long; lemmas firm,
convex, lanceolate, glabrous or scabrous, the margins not scarious, 4-6
mm. long, attenuate into a .scabrous awn 2-4 mm. long.
Open situation.^. Brandegee 49; Avalon, Grant 4790; a very few individuals
in sand of the dry creek-bed of Silver Canon, Nnttall 501. FESCUE GRASS.
2. F.reflexaBuckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862:98 (1863).
Culms 3.5-7.5 dm. high ; sheaths sinooth or pubescent ; blades
narrowly linear, flat or loosely involute; panicle 5-12.5 cm. long, the
solitary rays and the spikelets all at length divaricate; spikelets 1-3-
flowered, 5-7 mm. long; glumes glabrous, the first 2-4 mm. long, the
second 4-6 mm. long; lemmas glabrous or somewhat scabrous, 5-6 mm.
long, attenuate into a scabrous awn usually 5-8 mm. long.
Open rocky slopes. Avalon, in canons, very rare, Mrs. Trask G22; Rock
Falls Canon. May 6, 1919, Mo.vley 697.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugii & Nuttall 55
3. F. megalura Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 2, i : 188 ( 1848)
Culms 2-12 dm. high; sheaths and blades smooth; panicle narrow.
0.75-2 dm. long, the branches appressed ; spikelets 4-5-flowered ;
glumes glabrous, very unequal, the first about 2 mm. long or less, the
second 4-6 mm. long ; lemmas linear-lanceolate, scabrous above, ciliate
on the upper half, attenuate into an awn about twice its length. The
cilia on the lemmas, by which this species is distinguished from the
next, are sometimes hidden by the incurved edges of the lemma at
maturity.
Rich, grassy hillsides. Avalon, Mrs. Track Gig; Golf Links Canon, moun-
tain beyond Pebble Beach and Rock Falls Canon, Nultall 98, S57, 5591 in crevices
of rock in Rock Falls Canon, Pebble Beach Canon and slopes of Mt. Martha,
Millsp. 4641, 4756, 4849; Silver Canyon, Nuttall 710, 734, I3i8: Knopf 99, 204.
4. F. myuros Linn. Sp. PI. 74 (1753)-
Similar to the last, but lemmas not ciliate.
Introduced in the United States from Europe. Rare on the Pacific Coast.
Brandegee 53; on loose, shaly soil of a dry, open hillside in Descanso Canon,
and on the dry roadside at the Wishbone, Millsp. 466T, 4679-
18. BROMUS Linn.
Spikelets few-many-flowered, terete or flattened, in narrow, open
panicles. Glumes unequal, acute, 1-5-nerved. Lemmas convex or
sharply keeled, 5-9-nerved, usually 2-toothed at apex and awned from
between the teeth, sometimes awnless, the awn straight or divergent,
sometimes twisted. Annuals or perennials with usually flat blades and
rather large spikelets.
Annuals.
Panicle contracted, dense ;
Awn 3-8 mm. long. i. hordeaceus.
Awn 17-30 mm. long. 2. rubens.
Panicle open, branches spreading ;
Awn twisted and bent. 3. Trinii.
Awn not twisted and bent.
Awn 2.1 cm. long. 4. tectorum.
Awn 3.8-5 cm. long. 5. rigidus.
Perennials.
Spikelets subterete, not strongly flattened. 6. Orcuttianus.
Spikelets strongly flattened ;
Blades canescent, densely pilose. 7. subvelutinus.
Blades glabrous or somewhat pilose. 8. carinatus.
1. B. hordeaceus Linn. Sp. PI. 77 (1753)-
Culms, 17.8 cm. to 8.7 dm. high; sheaths retrorsely softly pilose-
pubescent; blades usually pubescent ; panicle contracted, erect, 5.1-10.2
cm. or, in depauperate plants, reduced to a few spikelets ; glumes broad,
coarsely pilose or scabrous-pubescent, the first 3-5-nerved, 4-6 mm.
long, the second 5-7-nerved, 6-8 mm. long ; lemmas broad, obtuse, 7-
56 Field Museum of Natural IIistokv — Botany, \'ol. Y.
nerved, coarsely pilose or scabrous-pubescent, rather deeply bidentate.
8-10 mm. long, the margin and apex hyaline ; awn rather stout, 6-9 mm.
long ; palea about three-quarters as long as lemma.
A weed in waste places and cultivated soils. Avalon. Chase 55(>4- Avalon
Valley beyond Chicken Johnny's, Cherry Valley and Hamilton Beach, Millsp.
4550, 4803, 4901; Golf Links Canon and Silver Canon, Nuttall 561, 671; Knopf
ino. BARLEY CHEAT.
2. B. rubens Linn. Cent. PI. i :5 (i755)-
Culms 15.2 cm. to 4.7 dm. high, puberulent below the panicle;
sheaths and blades pubescent; panicle erect, compact, ovoid, usually
purplish, 3.8-7.6 cm. long; spikelets 7-1 1 flowered, about 2.5 cm. long;
glumes narrow, acuminate, pubescent or sometimes smooth, the first
i-nerved, 8-10 mm. long, the upper 3-nerved, 11-13 mm. long; lemmas
lanceolate, acute, 5-nerved. pubescent or smooth, 13-17 mm. long, the
apex deeply cleft into 2 long-acuminate hyaline teeth, 4-6 mm. long;
awn straight, 1.9-2.3 cm. long.
Dry hilltops, roadsides, waste grounds, in sand and among pebbles every-
where common. Brandegec 51; Smith 499^; Avalon, Chase 5562; Isthmus,
Grant 6147; Knopf 29, 97, 202, 205; Millsp. 4551. 4668, 4740. 4761, 4S05,
4900, 4911; Nuttall 96. Dr. Davidson says (So. Calif. Acad. Sci. 6:11) "It was
rare and local in Los Angeles County in 1892, but now (1907) may be found
in many parts of the county, even as far as the Mojave Desert." RED BROME
GRASS.
3. B. Trinii Desv. Gay Fl. Chil. 6-441 (1853).
Culms erect 3.4-7 dm. high ; sheaths pilose or nearly smooth ;
blades usually pilose ; panicle narrow, 10.2-20.4 cm. long, rather dense ;
spikelets narrow, 5-7-fiowered, 1.5-2.5 cm. long; glumes lanceolate,
acuminate, smooth, the first 8-10 him. long, i-nerved, the second
broader, 13-17 mm. long, mostly 3-nerved; lemmas coarsely and
sparsely pubescent, 13-15 mm. 5-nerved, with 2 narrow teeth 2 mm.
long; awn 17-21 mm. long, twisted below, bent below the middle and
strongly divaricate when old.
Dry slopes. Brandegce, May 12, 1890, s^.
4. B. tectorum Linn. Sp. PI. 77 ( i753)'-
Culms 3.4-7 dm. high, smooth, slender ; sheaths and blades pube-
scent ; panicle broad, rather dense, drooping, 5.i-i5-2cm. long, the
branches slender ; spikelets pubescent, nodding, linear becoming cunei-
form in flower, 13-21 mm. long; glumes narrow, acute, glabrous, the
first I-nerved, 4-6 mm. long, the second 3-nerved, 8-10 mm. long; lem-
mas lanceolate, acute, glabrous, 5-ncrved, 10-12 mm. long, biden-
tate at apex; awn straight, 13-15 mm. long.
Hillsides. Pebble Beach and Golf Links Canon. Nuttall 95, 358, 5<5-?, /-'rp.
Flora of Santa Cataltna Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 57
5. B. rigidus Roth. Roeni. tSt Ust. Mag-. Bot. 10:21 (1790).
Bromus villosits Forsk. Fl. Aeg. Arab. 23 (1775) not Scop.
(1772).
Culms 5.1-8.7 dm. high; sheaths and blades pilose; panicle open,
rather few-flowered, 7.6-12.7 cm. long, the lower branches 1.2-2.5 cm.
long; spikelets usually 5-7-flowered, 5.1-7 dm. long; glumes smooth,
narrow, accuminate, the first i. 7-2.1 cm. long, i-nerved, the second
2.5-3.8 cm., 3-nerved ; lemmas 5-nerved, 2.5-3.8 cm. long, scabrous or
puberulent, 2-toothed, the teeth 3-4 mm. long; awn stout, 3.8-5.1 cm.
long.
A Mediterranean grass becoming a weed in open situations. Big Wash
Caiion, Millsp. 4855.
Bromus rigidus Gussoni (Pari.) Coss. & Dur. Expl. Sci. Alger.
2:159 (1867).
Bromus i/illosus Gussonei Asch. & Graeb. Syn. Mitt. Fl. 2 :595
(1901).
Differs from the above species in having a more open panicle, the
lower branches as much as 10.1-12.6 cm. long.
A south Europe form of grass more common in California than the species
itself. Avalon. Mrs. Trask G24; Chase 5561. Among the dry pebbles of Ham-
ilton Beach, Millsp. iSgg; in the arroya of Golf Links Canon, Nuttall Qg.
6. B. Orcuttianus Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 10:223 (1885).
Culms erect, leafy below, nearly naked above, 8.7 dm. to 1.2 m.
high, pubescent at and below the nodes ; sheaths pilose or more or less
velvety ; blades glabrous, rather short and erect ; panicle narrow,
pyramidal, erect, 10.1-15.2cm. long, the branches few, divaricate and
rather rigid in fruit; spikelets 2.1-2.5 cm. ^^ng, subterete, on short,
stout pedicels ; glumes narrow, smooth or scabrous, the first acute,
6.5-9 mm, ^o"?> i-nerved or sometimes with a faint lateral pair, the
second broader, obtuse, 8.5-10.5 mm. long, 3-nerved; lemmas 10-12
mm. long, narrow, scabrous or scabrous-pubescent over the back, the
awn 5-7 mm. long.
Open-wooded slopes. Brandegec 62 in herb. U. S. Natl. Mus.
7. B. subvelutinus Shear, U. S. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23 :52 (1900).
Perennial ; culms 3.4-7 dm. high ; sheaths canescent ; blades narrow,
rather rigid, becoming involute, canescent and also pilose; panicle 5.1-
10.4cm. long, narrow, erect, the branches short, erect; spikelets about
2,5 cm. long; glumes puberulent, the first 8.5-1.5 mm. long, 3-5-nerved
the second 10.1-12.1 mm. long, 7-nerved; lemmas appressed-puberulent,
13-15 mm. long; awn 3-4 mm. long.
Dry, hard adobe soil of open hillsides and meadows. Infrequent, at least
this season (1920), Millsp. 4632.
58 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
8. B. carinatus Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 403 (1841).
The form with smooth sheaths (Bromus carinatus Hookerianus
Shear.). Annual; culms 0.7-1 m. high, sheaths pilose; blades narrow,
flat, more or less pilose ; panicle pyramidal, rather lax, the lower
branches spreading or drooping ; spikelets about 5 mm. wide, 5-9-
flowered; glumes lanceolate, acute, glabrous or slightly scabrous-pu-
bescent, the first 7-9 mm. long, 3-nerved, the second 9-1 1 mm. long,
5-nerved; lemmas lanceolate, puberulent or short-pubescent, 14-17 mm.
long ; awn 7-10 mm. long.
Open situations in general. Infrequent at Avalon, Mrs. Trask 57; Brand-
egee, May 12, 1890, both specimens in herb. U. S. Natl. Mus.
B. vulgaris Shear, U. S. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23 : 43 (1900).
B. c Hiatus of Thurber in Wats. Bot. Calif. 2 1320, not Linn.
Brandegee lists this species from Catalina but no specimen has
been seen by us. It is possible that his specimen was determined from
the description in Bot. Calif, and that the specimen was lost in the
Calif. Acad. fire. CHEAT.
19. LOLIUM Linn.
Spikelets several-flowered, solitary at each node of a continuous
rachis, one edge of each spikelet placed against the rachis, the glume on
that edge (the first glume) wanting, but both glumes present on the ter-
minal spikelet. Glume marrow, rigid, 5-7-nerved, longer than the lower
lemma, often exceeding the uppermost. Lemmas convex, 5-7-nerved.
awned or awnless. Annuals or short-lived perennials with flat blades
and spikelets scattered in terminal spikes.
I. L. temulentum Linn. Sp. PI. 83 (1753).
Annual ; culms 7 dm. to i m. high ; spike stout and strict, 15.2-20.3
cm. long ; glume about 2.5 cm. long, as long or longer than the 5-7-flow-
ered spikelet, firm, pointed ; lemmas as much as 8 mm. long obtuse,
awned ; awn as much as 8 mm. long.
A European grass established in fields and waste grounds. Brandegee 52;
Avalon, Mrs. Chase 5560. Dry roadside near the spring at the Wishbone,
.Millsp. 4680; Ntittall 211, 724. D.A.RNEL.
20. PHOLIURUS Trin.
Spikelets 1-2 flowered, solitary at the nodes, imbedded in the
articulated rachis. Glumes 2, placed in front of the spikelet and
enclosing it, coriaceous, 5-nerved, acute, unsymmetrical, appearing like
halves of a single split glume. Lemmas much smaller than the glumes,
hyaline, keeled. Low annuals with slender spikes.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 59
I. P. incurvatus (L.) Hitchc. U. S. Dept. Agric. Bull. 772:10^1
(1920).
Aegilgps incitrvata Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 2 : 1490 ( 1763 ) .
Lepturus incurvatus Trin. Fund. Agrost. 123 (1820) .
Culms tufted, decumbent at base, 1-2 dm. high; blades short and
narrow; spike 7.6-10.2 cm. long, cylindrical, curved; spikelets 7 mm.
long, pointed.
Mudflats and salt marshes. In springs on the eroded cliffs at the West
End, Mrs. Trask; Brandegee 54, both these in herb. U. S. ; dried mud of the
salina at Catalina Harbor and in the salina at Pebble Beach. Parish; Nuttall.
363, 564. HARD GRASS.
21. HORDEUM Linn.
Spikelets i-flo\vered, 3 together at each joint of the rachis, the
middle one sessile and perfect, the lateral usually pedicled, often
reduced to awns. Glumes equal, rigid, narrow-lanceolate, subulate or
setaceous ; usually elongated and awn-like, the three pairs simulating
an involucre around the central perfect floret. Rachilla prolonged
behind the palea as an awn, sometimes with a rudimentary floret.
Lemma of central floret obscurely 5-nerved, tapering into an awn.
Palea with its back toward the rachis. Cespitose annuals or perennials
with dense terminal bristly spikes disarticulating at maturity, the
joints falling with the spikelets attached.
Plants annual.
Glumes not ciliate :
Glumes of fertile spikelet dilated above the base. i. pusillum.
Glumes not dilated. 2. nodosum.
Glumes, or some of them, ciliate. 3- murinum.
1. H. pusillum Nutt. Gen. PI. 1:87 (1818).
Annual ; culms 1-4.8 dm. high ; blades erect, flat ; spike erect,
2.5-7.6 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. wide; lateral pair of spikelets abortive, the
first glume of each and both glumes of the fertile spikelet dilated
above the base, attenuate into a slender awn 8-13 mm. long; glumes
very scabrous ; lemma unawned.
Open places under saline influence. Mrs. Trask G6; Avalon, McClatchic;
along the upper road to Pebble Beach. Nuttall 363. BARLEY GRASS.
2. H. nodosum Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1 : 126 (1762).
Similar to the last, but usually taller and with all the glumes
awn-like.
Fields, waste places and open grounds. Avalon, Mrs. Trask G34. In the
Pebble Beach Salina, at the Isthmus, and in Cherry Valley, Millsp. 4628,
4748, 4824; at Pebble Beach. Nuttall 190.
6o Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
3. H. murinum Linn. Sp. PI. 85 (1753).
Annual ; culms bushy-branched, spreading ; sheaths and blades
smooth; spikes 5.1-7.6 cm. long, often partially enclosed by the upper-
most inflated sheath ; glumes of the central spikelet narrowly spindle-
form, 3-nerved, long-ciliate on both margins, the nerves scabrous ;
awn about 2.5 cm. long; glumes of the lateral spikelets unlike, the
inner similar to the central, the outer setaceous, not ciliate; lemmas
all broad, 8-10 mm. long, the awns somewhat exceeding those of the
glumes.
Fields, waste places and open situations. Lyon; Avalon. Mrs. Trask, May
(1898) ; Mrs. Chase 5526; Brandegee; Millsp. 4601, 4629, 4660; Nuttall 114, 315;
Knopf 2,3. A pernicious grass known locally as FOXTAIL and SQUIRREL
GR.\SS.
[H. vulgare Linn. Sp PI. 84 (1753).
A frequently establi.shed escape from cultivation to roadsides
and open situations quite generally. Mrs. Trask, Jtme (1898).
Near Avalon and at the Isthmus, Millsp. 4730; Middle Ranch Canon,
Nuttall, J05. BARLEY.]
22. ELYMUS Linn.
Spikelets 2-6-flowered, in pairs, sessile at the joints of a continuous
rachis, rarely single or mure than two together. Glumes equal,
usually narrow and rigid, i -3-nerved, acute or awned, placed at the
sides or close together in front of the florets. Lemmas convex,
obscurely 5-ners'ed, usually acute or awned from the apex. Erect
perennials with terminal, often bristly spikes.
Glumes subulate, nearly or quite nerveless :
Plant stout and tall, blade flat, spike dense. i. condensatus.
Plant slender, blade involute, spike slender. 2. triticoides.
Glumes, laneolate, distinctly nerved. 3. glaucus.
I. E, condensatus Presl. Rel. Haenk. 1 : 265 (1830).
Culms in large tufts, stout, 1-2 m. high, producing stout, knotty
rhizomes ; sheaths smooth ; blades flat, as much as 2 cm. wide ; spike
erect usually dense, as much as 3.4 dm. long, sometimes branched;
glumes narrowly lanceolate or subulate, awn-pointed, usually only i-
nerved, or nerved, or nerveless ; about as long as the first lemma ;
lemmas awnless or mucronate.
Hillsides, gullies and ditches. Lyon, who says : "Much taller than on
mainland . . . when growing in dry sterile places it overtops a tall man
on horseback"; Brandegee ; Gallagher's Canon, Eastwood 6477; in dry hollows
at Hay Press Chute, 8 ft. high, Millsp. 4580; Banning's Beach and Hamilton
Canon, Nuttall 330, 552; Pendleton 1399; Middle Ranch Canon, Nuttall 1206;
Knopf 125; Pebble Beach back road, Knopf 158, 178. WILD RYE.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 6i
J. E. triticoides Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862 :99 (1863).
Culms usually glaucous, 7-14 dm. tall, usually in large masses
from extensively creeping, scaly rhizomes ; sheaths smooth or
scabrous ; blades narrow, mostly 2-6 mm. wide, flat or soon involute ;
spike erect, slender, sometimes branched; glumes subulate, 10-12 mm.
long; lemmas 6-8 mm. long, glabrous, short-pointed.
Moist bottoms and alkaline soil. Avalon, Afrs. Trask (7^5; McClatchic.
Dr. Davidson.
3. E. glaucus Buckl. , Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862 :99 (1863).
Culms erect, 3.4-7 dm. high, rarely taller; sheaths smooth,
or scabrous ; blades flat, as much as i cm. wide, scabrous on both sur-
faces, sometimes narrow and more or less involute ; spike erect,
usually dense, long-exserted, 5-15 cm. long, rarely longer; glumes
about as long as the spikelet, lanceolate, 8-12 mm. long, acuminate or
awn-pointed, with 2-4 scabrous nerves ; lemmas awned, the awn
about I or 2 times as long as the body.
Hillsides and slopes. May to August. Silver Canyon, Nuttall 1203.
23. SITANION Raf.
Spikelets 2-several-flow'ered ; in two's or three's rarely solitary,
at each joint of the articulate rachis. Glumes entire, bifid or several-
parted, narrow or setaceous, long-awned. Lemmas long-awned.
Tufted perennials with bristly, readily disarticulating spikes.
1. S.jubatum J. G. Smith, U.S. Div.Agrost. Bull. 18:10 (1899).
Culms erect, 3.4-7 diam. high, rarely taller; sheaths smooth,
scabrous or villous-pubescent ; blades flat, often becoming involute,
smooth or usually more or less pubescent at least on upper surface,
usually not over 3 mm. wide ; spike erect, dense, 2.5-7.6 cm. long, thick
and bushy from the numerous long awns ; glumes split into 3 or more
lobes or divisions each extending into a long awn ; lemmas mostly
8-10 mm. long, smooth, or scabrous toward the apex, the awns and
those of the glumes 3.8-10.2 cm. long.
Rocky hillsides. Head of Grand Canon, Nuttall 314.
[Agropyron repens Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 102 : 146 (1812).
This grass has been listed by Brandegee but no specimen of his
has been seen. There is no other report or specimen from the Island].
WHEAT GRASS.
Family 2. CYPERACE^.
SEDGE FAMILY.
Grass-like or rush-like herbs. Stems (culms) slender, solid
(rarely hollow), triangular, quadrangular, terete or flattened. Roots
62 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
librous (many species perennial by long rootstocks). Leaves narrow,
with closed sheaths. Flowers perfect or imperfect, arranged in
spikelets, one (rarely 2) in the axil of each scale (glume, bract), the
spikelets solitary or clustered, i -many-flowered. Scales 2-ranked or
spirally imbricated, persistent or deciduous. Perianth hypogynous,
composed of bristles, or interior scales, rarely calyx-like, or entirely
wanting. Stamens 1-3, rarely more. Filaments slender or filiform.
Anthers 2-celled. Ovary i -celled. Ovule i, anatropous, erect. Style
2-3-cleft or rarely simple or minutely 2-toothed. Fruit a lenticular,
plano-convex, or trigonous achene. Endosperm mealy. Embryo
minute.
Flowers perfect :
Style-base persistent as a tubercle. i. Eleochari.s.
Style-base deciduous, no tubercle. 2. Scirpus.
Flowers monoecious or dioecious. 3. Carex.
1. ELEOCHARIS R. Br.
Annual or perennial scapose herbs. Leaves reduced to sheaths,
or the lowest very rarely blade-bearing. Scapes simple, triangular,
quadrangular, terete, flattened or grooved. Spikelets solitary,
terminal, erect, several-many-flowered, not subtended by an involucre
or rarely by 2 small bracts. Scales concave, spirally imbricated.
Perianth of 1-12 bristles, usually retrorsely barbed, wanting in some
species. Stamens 2-3. Stigmas 2 and achene lenticular or biconvex,
or when 3, the achene 3-angled, but sometimes with very obtuse
angles and appearing turgid. Base of the style persistent on the
summit of the achene, forming a tubercle.
1. E. palustris (L.) R.&S.Syst.Veg. 2:151 (1817).
Perennial by horizontal rootstocks ; stems stout, terete or nearly
so, striate, 3-8 dm. high ; basal sheaths brown, rarely bearing a short
blade, the upper one obliquely truncate ; spikelet ovoid-cylindric, 6-24
mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, thicker than the stem ; scales ovate-oblong
or ovate-lanceolate, purplish-brown with scarious margins and a
green midvein ; bristles usually 4, slender, retrorsely barbed, longer
than the achene, sometimes wanting; stamens 2-3; style 2-3-cleft;
achene brownish or yellowish-brown, smooth, obovate; tubercle
conic-triangular, constricted at the base, flattened, Ya-I^ as long as
the achene.
Wet places along streams. May to August. Brandegee; Upper end of
Grand Canyon, Ntittall sn; dried up bed of Echo Lake, Knopf 212. SPIKE
RUSH.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 63
2. SCIRPUS L.
Annual or perennial very small or very large sedges, with leafy
culms or the leaves reduced to basal sheaths. Spikelets terete or
somewhat flattened, solitary, capitate, spicate or umbellate, subtended
by a I -several-leaved involucre or the involucre wanting in some
species. Scales spirally imbricated all around, usually all fertile, the
1-3 lower sometimes empty. Flowers perfect. Perianth of 1-6,
slender or rigid, short or elongated, barbed, pubescent or smooth
bristles, or none in some species. Stamens 2-3. Style 2-3-cleft, not
swollen at the base, w-holly deciduous from the achene, or its base
persistent as a subulate tip.
I. S. pacificus Britten, So. Calif. Acad, Sci. 4:8 (1905)
Perennial by large rootstocks; stems stout, sharply 3-angled
with flat sides, scabrous above, 6-15 dm. high; leaves equaling or
exceeding the stem, rough-margined, 5-10 mm. wide, mid vein promi-
nent; involucral leaves 2-4, elongated, erect, similar to those of the
stem, often 3 cm. long; spikelets in a dense, often compound terminal
cluster of 6-20, ovoid-oblong, obtuse or subacute, 16-24 mm. long, 8-10
mm. broad ; scales ovate, brown, puberulent, lacerate or 2-toothed
midvein excurrent into an at length reflexed awn; bristles 1-6,
shorter than the achenes, or none ; style 2-clef t ; achene compressed,
flat on the face, convex or with a low ridge on the back, obovate-
orbicular, dark brown, shining, 3 mm. long.
Marshes, especially in somewhat saline places. June-October. In black
muck of the creek-bed, northwest beach at Little Harbor. Nutfall 816; Knopf
190. BULRUSH.
3. CAREX L.
Grass-like sedges, perennial by rootstocks, with mostly 3-angled
stems. Leaves 3-ranked, the upper elongated or short and subtending
the spikes of flowers or wanting. Flowers monoecious or dioecious,
solitary in the axils of scales. Spikes either wholly pistillate or
staminate, or bearing staminate and pistillate flowers (androgynous).
Perianth none. Staminate flowers of 3 stamens. Pistillate of a single
pistil with a style and 2-3 stigmas borne on a very short axis in the
axil of a scale-like bractlet (perigynium) which completely encloses
the achene. Achene 3-angled, lenticular or plano-convex.
I. C.triquetraBoott. Trans, Linn, Soc. 20:126 (1846),
Culms smooth, erect, 3-6 dm, tall; leaves glaucescent, minutely
scabrid, prominently many-nerved, 1-3 mm. wide, shorter than the
64 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
culms; lowest bract grass-like, sheathing at base, the upper artistate
from a scarious base; staminate spike erect, 1.5-2 cm. long, sometimes
having a small basal spike ; pistillate spikes 2-5, the uppermost
subsessile, approximate, the lowest remote on a long or shorter
peduncle, 1-3 cm. long; scales shorter and narrower than the perigy-
nia, castaneous with green midvein and hyaline margins, ovate,
concave, acute or mucronate, serrate on the back ; perigynia greenish,
ovoid, nerved in the intervals, 3-5 mm. long, terminating in a short,
bidentate beak; achenes closely conformed to the perigynia.
Growing near canyon streamlets. May to October. Brandegee ; Rock
Spring Canyon, Nitttall 131. SEDGE.
Order 4. LILIALES.
Scapose or leafy-stemmed herbs from bulbs or corms, or rarely
with rootstocks or a woody caudex (Yucca), the leaves various.
Flowers solitary or clustered, regular, mostly perfect. Perianth
parted into 6 distinct or nearly distinct segments, or these more or less
united into a tube inferior or partly superior (Aletris). Stamens 6,
hypogynous or borne on the perianth or at the bases of its segments ;
anthers 2-celled, mostly introrse, sometimes extrorse. Ovary 3-celled ;
ovules few or numerous in each cavity, anatropous or amphitropous ;
styles united; stigma 3-lobed or capitate. Fruit a usually loculicidal
capsule, or in Yucca sometimes fleshy and indehiscent. Seeds various,
winged or wingless. Embryo in copious endosperm.
Sepals and petals chaffy, Fam. i. Juncaceae.
Sepals and petals not chaffy.
Flowers in umbels. Fam. 2. Alliaceae.
Flowers solitary or racemose. * Fam. 3. Liliaceae.
Family i. JUNCACE^.
RUSH FAMILY.
Flowers perfect, with a regular persistent perianth of 6 similar
glumaceous segments in 2 rows, 6 nearly hypogynous included
stamens (rarely 3) with persistent filiform filaments and 2-celled
anthers, and a superior 3-celled ovary (sometimes i -celled with 3
parietal placentae) with 3 or many ascending anatropous ovules, a
single very short style, and 3 filiform stigmas (flowers very rarely
dimerous throughout); capsule loculicidally 3-valved ; seeds with
membranous or cellular testa, often caudate or appendaged ; embryo
minute, thick, enclosed within the base of the fleshy albumen.
Rushes or sedge-like herbs, mostly cespitose perennials or with creep-
ing rhizomes, with terete hollow or spongy usually simple stems, and
v
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 65
alternate sheathing leaves, either flat, channelled, or terete ; flowers
small, usually sessile, scarious-bracteolate, in cymes or panicles,
subumbellate clusters or spicate heads.
I. JUNCUS, Linn.
Stamens 6, or sometimes 3 by suppression of the inner ones.
Capsule globose to pyramidal, many-seeded, 3-valved, 3-celled with
central placentae or i-celled with parietal placentae. — Perennial or
sometimes annual.
Panicle lateral.
Flowers clustered. i. robustus.
Flowers solitary. 2. balticus.
Panicle terminal. 3. bufonius.
T . J. robustus Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14 : 302 ( 1879) •
/. acutus sphaerocarpus Engelm, Wheeler's Rep. 6 1376 (1878).
Stems and leaves 0.5-1.5 m. high, stout, rigid and pungent,
growing in large tussocks; panicle 6-12 cm. long, about equaling the
spathe, secondary spathes long-acuminate ; clusters 2-4-flowered ;
perianth segments scariously margined, outer broadly lanceolate,
acute, inner obovate, deeply emarginate, 2 mm. long; capsule
subglobose; apiculate, about 4 mm. long.
Dense clumps in wet places. June to September. Brandegee ; bed of
Cottonwood Canyon, Nuttall 763; Little Harbor, Knopf 230; STOUT RUSH.
2. J. balticus Willd. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berl. Mag. 3 1298 (1890).
Stems rigid, rather slender, leafless, 3-4 dm. high ; panicle
2-4 cm. long ; perianth segments lanceolate, acute, 4-5 mm. long,
brownish; capsule rather acutely angled, beaked; seeds distinctly
reticulate.
Wet places at all altitudes. May to August. Brandegee ; Middle Ranch
Canyon, Smith 5115, Nuttall 296; "Sink" between bases of Black Jack and
Orizaba, Knopf lOi; Little Harbor back of N. W. beach. Nuttall 814; Avalon
Valley, Nuttall 250, 718. WIRE RUSH.
3. J. bufonius L. Sp. PI. 328 (i753)-
Stems usually branching from the base, 5-24 cm. high, with
fibrous roots ; leaves 0.5 mm. wide or less ; flowers mostly solitary
and remote upon the spreading branches ; perianth segements
lanceolate, greenish, with scarious margins, 4-6 mm. long; stamens 6,
sometimes 3, 2-3 mm. long ; anthers shorter than the filaments ; cap-
sule oblong, obtuse, shorter than the perianth.
Moist places. May to August. Lyon; Brandegee; upper left fork of Middle
Ranch Canyon, Nuttall 3^2. BULLFROG RUSH. TOAD RUSH.
66 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Family 2. ALLIACE^.
ONION FAMILY.
Perennial mainly scapose herbs, with bulbs or conns. Leaves
basal or more rarely cauline; blades narrow. Flowers in terminal
umbels, which are at first enveloped in and finally subtended by a
scarious involucre. Perianth sometimes conspicuous. Sepals and
petals 3 each, quite similar in shape, usually membranous, distinct or
partially united. y\ndroecium of 6 stamens. Filaments usually
distinct. Anthers 2-celled. Gynoecium of 3 united carpels. Ovar)-
superior, 3-cellcd. Styles united. Ovules i -several in each cavity.
Fruit a loculicidal capsule, 3-lobed, sometimes crested.
Perianth segments distinct :
Ovules 1-2 in each cell, flowers rose. x. Allium.
Ovules several in each cell, flowers yellow. 2. Bloomeria.
Perianth segments united below into a tube :
Stamens 6. tube sort. 3. Dichelostemma.
Stamens 3, tube long. , 4. Hookera.
I. ALLIUM L.
Characteristically odorous herbs, with solitary or clustered bulbs.
Leaves basal or mainly so ; blades narrow, sometimes hollow or keeled,
several. Scapes or stems simple, often hollow. Flowers perfect, in
terminal usually simple umbels subtended by 2-3 thin bracts. Perianths
of various colors, often white, pink, green or purple, persistent :
sepals and petals distinct or nearly so. Stamens 6. adnate to the
bases of the sepals and petals: filaments filiform or dilated, sometimes
toothed : anthers opening introrsely. Ovary sessile or nearly so, more
or less completely 3-celled : style filiform, jointed: stigma somewhat
depressed. Ovules 2 in each cavity. Capsule membranous, loculic-
idal.
I . A. serratum Wats. Bot. King. Exped. 487 ( 1871 ) .
Bulb-coats conspiciously transversely serrate-reticulate ; scape
usually slender, 20-60 cm. high ; leaves very narrowly linear ; umbel
usually many-flowered and often large, the spreading pedicels
30-76 cm. long; sepals pink or crimson, 10-15 cm long, usually broad
and acuminate, erect or recurved, exceeding the stamens ; capsule
slightly crested. — Quite variable.
On open, grassy eastern slopes. March to May. Brandegee ; at the Isthmus.
Millsp. 4830; near Avalon, Nuttall 104. WILD ONION. The bulbs are eaten
raw, or cooked with tunas and cherries. These formed one of the principal
fresh vegetable foods of the Aborigines.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugii & Nuttall 67
2. BLOOMERIA Kell.
Scape from a fibrous coated corm, with linear carinate basal
leaves and many yellow flowers in a terminal umbel, subtended by
membranous bracts. Pedicels jointed at the summit. Perianth
persistent, of 6 nearly equal distinct linear-oblong somewhat spread-
ing segments. Stamens 6, inserted on the base of the segments and a
little shorter; filaments filiform with a somewhat cup-shaped winged
and often bicuspidate appendage surrounding the base ; anthers
oblong, attached near the base but versatile. Ovules several in each
cell ; style filiform-clavate, persistent and splitting with the capsule.
Capsule subglobose. membranous, obtusely 3-lobed, loculicidally
dehiscent. Seeds sub-ovoid, angular and wrinkled, black.
1. B. crocea (Torr.) Coville Contr. Nat. Herb. 4 :203 (1893).
Allium croceiim Torr. Mex. Bound. 218 (1859).
Bloomeria aitrea Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 2:11 ( 1863) .
Bulb about 15 cm. in diameter, becoming densely covered with
brownish fibres ; scape scabrous, 2-5 dm. high ; leaf solitary equaling
or exceeding the scape, 6-12 mm. broad; bracts narrowly lanceolate;
pedicels numerous, 3-6 cm. long ; perianth nearly rotate in bloom ;
segments 8-12 mm. long; appendages about 2 mm. long, bicuspidate,
minutely papillose.
Frequent in the foothills on the slopes. April-June. Brandegee ; Trask ;
Vicinity of Avalon : Smith 5041; Mrs. MiUer; MUlsp. 4895; Nuttall 18; Knopf 80.
GOLDEN STARS.
3. DICHELOSTEMMA Kth.
Scape tortuous or twining from a depressed fibrous coated conn.
Leaves usually 2. fleshy, linear. Umbel subtended by 3 or more thin
spathaceous bracts. Perianth tube thin, more or less inflated and
angular or saccate, about equaled by the segments. Stamens 6, the
inner with a free lanceolate appendage on each side, sterile in some
species, the outer ones naked ; anthers basifixed. Ovules 3-8 in each
cell ; style persistent, with short divergent stigmas. Capsule ovate to
oblong, more or less attenuate above. Seeds angled, black.
I. D. capitata fBtli.) Wood, Proc. Am. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1868:173
(1869).
D. insulare (Greene) Burnh. Muhlenb. 3:74 (1907).
Brodiaea insularis Greene, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2 : 134 ( 1887) .
Brodiaea capitata insularis Macb. Contr. Gray. Herb. n. s. 56:9
(1918).
Scape 1.5-5 dm. high, very tortuous, not rarely twining; leaves
68 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
about equaling the scape, carinate ; bracts purple, darker than the
flowefs ; flowers several, capitate, clustered on short pedicels 12 mm.
long or less; perianth tube funnelform, shorter than the segments;
appendages connivant, forming a corona.
Sunny slopes and high ridges, common. January to June. Trask; Brand'
cqee (as Brodiaea capitata Bth.) ; Grant and Wheeler 119-6148: Everman;
Millsp. 4553: Nuttall 7; Knopf 8. WILD HYACINTH, CLUSTER LILY,
BLUE DICKS.
Mr. Knopf sends in a specimen {448) collected along the Upper Pebble
Beach Road, May 24, 1922, that has a "flower stalk four feet tall and leaf seven
feet long."
4. HOOKERA Salisb.
Scapes erect, straight from a fibrous-coated corm, with few linear
leaves and a solitary umbel subtended by several membranous bracts.
Perianth tube thick turbinate, seginents equaling the tube, spreading
at the tip. Stamens 3, opposite the inner segments, the outer stamens
being reduced to staminodia.
I. H. minor (Bth.) Britton, Abrams Fl. Los Ang. 80 (1917).
Brodiaea minor Wats. Bot. Calif. 2 : 1 53 ( 1880) .
Scape slender, 5-15 cm. high; pedicels 2-5, mostly 2-5 cm. long;
perianth about 3 cm. long, violet-purple or paler, its limb rotate, the
segments with a strong midvein, the outer narrower, mucronulate ;
anthers 4-6 mm, long, shorter than the retuse or emarginate
staminodia.
Occasional in heavy soil. March-April. We have not met this species
either in the field or in collections from Catalina. Mrs. Trask says: "rarely
seen"; Brandegee lists it as "common."
Just as we go to press Mr. Knopf sends in specimens {423) of this species
collected May 14, 1922, in a flat, sandy glade near the stream bed, in the central
portion of !Bulrush Canyon.
Family 3. LILIACE^.
lily family.
Scapose or leafy-stemmed herbs from bulbs or corms or rarely
with rootstocks or a woody caudex. Leaves various. Flowers soHtary
or clustered, regular, mostly perfect. Perianth segments 6, distinct.
Stamens 6, hypogynous or borne on the perianth or at the base of its
segments; anthers 2-celled, mostly introrse. Ovary superior, 3-celled.
Ovules few or numerous, in each cavity ; styles united ; stigma 3-lobed.
Fruit a loculicidal capsule ; endosperm copious.
Inflorescence racemose. i. Chlorogalum.
Inflorescence monoflorus. 2. Calochortus.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 69
I. CHLOROGALUM Kth.
Stems from a fibrous-coated bulb, tall, almost leafless, panicu-
lately branched above, the branches loosely racemose. Basal leaves
tufted, long-linear, the stem leaves much reduced. Bracts small and
scarious. Pedicels jointed at the summit. Perianth white or purplish,
persistent and at length twised over the ovary, its segments distinct,
ligulate, spreading, with 3 closely approximate nerves down the
middle. Stamens 6, inserted on the base of the segment; anthers
versatile. Style long-filiform, slightly 3-cleft. Capsule broadly
turbinate, 3-valved, loculicidal. Seeds i or 2 in each cell, obovate,
somewhat rugose.
I. C.pomeridianum (Ker.) Kth. Enum. 4:682 (1843).
Bulbs large, about i dm. long, densely and coarsely fibrous-coated ;
stem and spreading panicle 6-15 dm. high; leaves 2-5 dm. long,
12-30 mm, broad, carinate and undulate; pedicels slender, about 6 mm.
long; perianth rotate, its segments 16-20 mm. long, white with pur])le
veins ; capsule about 6 mm. long.
Dry hillsides and plains. Mav-July. Brandegee ; at the left of Cholla
Canyon mouth, Nuttall 653. SOAP PLANT, AMOLE. The larger bulbs are
utilized as a scrubbing brush — without soap.
2. CALOCHORTUS Pursh.
Stems usually flexuous and branching from membranous or
rarely fibrous coated conns, with few linear-laneolate leaves, those of
the stems alternate, clasping. Flowers few, showy, terminal on the
branches or umbellately fascicled. Perianth deciduous, of 6 distinct
more or less concave segments, the inner mostly broadly cuneate-
obovate, usually with a conspicuous glandular pit near the base.
Stamens 6, inserted on the base of the segiuents ; anthers linear to
oblong, basifixed. Ovules many; stiginas sessile, recurved, persistent.
Capsule elliptic to oblong.
I. C. catalinae Wats. Bot. Calif. 2:177 (1880).
C. Lyoni Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 21 :455 (1886).
Stems branching, 3-6 dm. high, bulbiferous at base, leaves and
bracts linear ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, with a broad, thin, transparent
margin, purple-spotted near the base, nearly equaHng the petals ;
petals cuneate-obovate, 3-5 cm. high, lilac, with a large ovate purplish
blotch at base ; gland oblong, yellow or brown, covered with brown or
yellowish hairs ; anthers obtuse, pinkish, 5 mm. long, on filaments 3
times as long; capsule 2.5-5 cm. long, about i cm. wide.
70 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Dry ridges and slopes. April-July. P. Schumacher, type in herb. Gray.
Both Lyon and Brandegee (listed as C. Kennedyi and C. Palmeri) ; Trask;
Brandegce (Gray; Field) ; Davidson* ; Grant and Wheeler 1^60-1847; vicinity
of Avalon, Smith 4985; Carlson; Nuttall 6; Knopf 87, 102, 213; open field at
the Isthmus, Nuttall 216; Middle Ranch Canyon, Nuttall 598; Cottonwood
Canyon, Knopf 399. MARIPOSA LILY.
Specimens with white flowers, yellow centered, from Avalon Valley, May
22, 1922; with madder-colored flowers from same locality on same date; with
a range of colors from light-lavender to deep-purple, from the Isthmus region,
June, 1923 — Knopf 417, 438, 446.
Order 5. XYRIDALES. '
Perennial herbs, or vines. Leaves various ; blades very narrow
to widely dilated. Flowers perfect or dioecious, complete, regular or
irregular. Perianth of 6 parts, sometimes readily distinguishable into
calyx and corolla, the members distinct or partially united. Androe-
cium of 3-6 stamens. Gynoecium compound, the ovary wholly inferior
or half-inferior. Fruit capsular or baccate. Endosperm horny or
fleshy.
Family i. IXIACE^.
spider-wokt family.
Perennial, mostly caulescent herbs, with bulb-like or elongated
rootstocks. Leaves equitant, 2-ranked, commonly elongated. Flowers
perfect, regular or irregular, solitary or in clusters from spathe-like
bracts. Perianth often highly colored : sepals and petals nearly equal
or often very different, withering-persistent or fugacious, distinct, or
united below. Androecium of 3 stamens, adnate to the perianth
opposite the sepals. Filaments filiform, distinct or partially united.
Anthers 2-celled, extrorse. Gynoecium of 3 united carpels. Ovary
inferior, 3-celled. Styles distinct, entire or parted, sometimes petal-
like. Ovules numerous, anatropous, on central placentae. Fruit a
loculicidally 3-valved capsule. Seeds numerous in i or 2 rows in each
cavity. Embryo straight in the fleshy or horny endosperm.
I. SISYRINCHIUM L.
Perennial mostly tufted slender herbs with fibrous roots from
contracted rootstocks, simple or branched 2-winged or 2-edged stems,
and linear grass-like leaves. Flowers from terminal spathes con-
sisting of mostly one pair of opposite conduplicate herbaceous bracts
*See his remarks on Calochortus in Erythea 2:1-2 (1894).
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 7 1
enclosing membraneous scales ; perianth blue, violet or white with a
yellow eye, rarely all yellow, the 6 oblong or obovate segments spread-
ing and aristulate ; filaments monadelphous ; anthers linear or oblong,
the sacs distinct at base; style threadform, the branches fiUform or
obsolete ; ovary 3-celled ; capsule globose, oval or obovoid, usually
trigonous, loculicidally 3-valved ; seeds globose to obovoid, often
angled, pitted or smooth. Flowers fugacious, opening successively in
sunlight, each usually lasting but a day.
I. S. bellum Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 12 -.277 (1876).
Stems 2-4 dm. high, glabrous or with scabrous margins, with
1-3 fioriferous nodes at the summit; peduncles usually 2 at each node;
spathes of 2, nearly equal bracts, scabrous on the keel, 4-7-flowered ;
perianth deep blue-purple with yellowish base, 2 cm. broad or more ;
stamens united to near the summit ; anthers very small ; capsule round-
obovoid, 6mm. high; seeds 1.5mm thick, obscurely pitted.
Moist, grassy slopes. April-August. Only one clump (of a few plants)
seen, that on the bank of Avalon Run beyond the Saw-mill, Millsp. 4735.
BLUE-EYED GRASS.
Mr. Knopf sends in a depauperate specimen {456) from a "draw" between
Johnson's and Parson's, collected June 4, 1922, with the remark: "The only one
I have ever seen on the Island."
Sub-class 2. DICOTYLEDONES.
Embryo of the seed with two cotyledons (in a few genera
one only), the first leaves of the germinating plantlet opposite. Stem
exogenous, of pith, wood and bark (endogenous in structure in
Xymphaeaceae), the wood in one or more layers surrounding the
pith, traversed by medullary rays and covered by the bark. Leaves
usually pinnately or palmately veined, the veinlets forming a net-
work. Parts of the flower rarely in 3's or 6's.
CHORIPETALAE— Petals, zvhcn present, separate and distinct:
Petals none :
Calyx none.
Herbs. Flowers in spikes. Order i. Pipf.r.xles.
Shrubs or trees, flowers in aments :
Fruit a capsule. Order 2. Salicales.
Fruit a nut. Order 3. Fagales.
Calyx present :
Flowers monoecious, dioecious or polygamous.
Ovary superior, i-celled. Order 4. Urticales.
Flowers mostly perfect, ovary superior.
Fruit an achene. Order 5. Polygonales.
Fruit not an achene. Order 6. Chenopodiales.
72 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Petals present :
Ovarj'^ superior, free from the calyx :
Stamens hj'pogynous, more numerous than the sepals.
Sepals distinct, carpels separate. Order 7. Ranales.
carpels united at base.
Order 8. Papaverales.
Sepals mainly united or confluent with
receptacle. Order 0. Rosales.
Stamens as many as the sepals or fewer :
Ovules pendulous.
Raphe toward axis of ovary. Order 10. Geraniales.
Raphe away from axis of ovary. Order 11. Sapindales.
Ovules erect. Stamens very numerous
(except in Violaceae). Order 12. Rhamnales.
Sepals valvate. Order 13. Malvales.
Sepals imbricated or convolute. Order 14. Hypericai-KS.
Ovary inferior, adnate to the calyx (at least in part) :
Plants with barbed or stinging hairs. Order 15. I-X)ASAles.
Plants spiny :
Fleshy, jointed, leafless. Order 16. Cactai.es.
Woody, leafy plants.
Ovules several in each cavitj'^ of ovary.
Order 17 ■ Myrtales.
Ovules I in each cavity of ovary. Order iS. .Xmmiales.
GAMOPETALAE— Petals partly or wholly united
Ovary superior :
Stamens free from the corolla. Order 19. Ericale.s.
Stamens borne on the corolla opposite its lobes.
Order 20. Primulales.
Stamens borne on the corolla alternate with its lobes :
Corolla not scarious, nerved :
Ovaries 2, distinct. Order 21. Gentian ales.
Ovary i, compound (partly divided or
lobed). Order 22. Polemoniales.
Corolla scarious, nerveless. Order 23. Plantaginales.
Ovary inferior:
Anthers distinct. Order 24. Rubiales.
Anthers united (except in Ambrosiaceae).
Order 25. Campanulales.
Order i. PIPER ALES.
Dicotyledonon.s plants, with neither petals nor sepals, the spicate
flowers bracteolate.
Family i. SAURURACE^.
lizzard-tail family.
Perennial herbs with broad entire alternate petioled leaves and
.small perfect bracteolate flowers in peduncled spikes. Perianth none.
Stamens 6-8 or sometimes fewer, hj^jogynous ; anthers 2-celled, the
sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary 3-4 carpelled ; the carpels
distinct or united, 1-2-ovuled; ovules orthotropus. Fruit capsular or
berry-like, composed of 3-4 mostly indehiscent carpels. Seeds globose
or ovoid ; endosperm copious, mealy ; embryo minute, cordate.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 73
I. ANEMOPSIS Hook.
Stems nodose, scape-like, stoloniferous from aromatic creeping
rootstocks. Leaves mostly radical, minutely punctate. Flowers in a
compact spike surrounded at the base by a persistent colored involucre
of 5-8 bracts; each flower except the lowest also surrounded by a
small colored bract. Stamens 6-8. Ovary sunk in the rachis of the
spike, i-celled; stigmas 3-4. Capsule dehiscent at the apex.
I. A. californica H. and A. Bot. Beech. Voy. 390 (1841).
Houttuynia californica (Nutt.) Bth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. 3:128
(1880).
Stem 15-50 cm. long, with a broadly ovate clasping leaf above the
middle and a fascicle of 1-3 small petioled leaves in the axil; basal
leaves elliptic-oblong, rounded above, more or less narrowed toward
the cordate base, 5-15 cm. long, on petioles 10-20 cm. long; spikes
1.5-4 cm. long; involucral bracts white, often reddish beneath, oblong,
1-3 cm. long; floral bracts white, obovate, unguiculate, 5-6 mm. long;
ovules 6-10 on each placenta.
Wet, saline places. March-August. Brandegee includes this species in his
list of Santa Catalina Island plants. We have seen no specimen of it as from
there VERBA MANSA.
Order 2. SALICALES.
Trees or shrubs, with imperfect small flowers in aments. Sepals
and petals none. Leaves simple. Fruit a many-seeded capsule. Seeds
with a tuft of hairs at one end.
Family i. SALIC ACE-ffi.
WILLOW FAMILY
Dioecious trees or shrubs with light wood, bitter bark, brittle
twigs, and alternate stipulate leaves, the stipules often minute and
caducous. Flowers solitary in the axil of each bract. Staminate
flowers consisting of from one to numerous stamens inserted on the
receptable, subtended by a gland-like or cup-shaped disk ; anthers
2-celled, the sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Pistillate aments some-
times raceme-like; pistillate flowers of a i -celled ovary subtended by
a minute disk ; placentae 2-4, parietal ; ovules usually numerous,
anatropous ; stigmas 2-4, simple or 2-4-cleft. Seeds small or minute,
provided with a dense coma of long, mostly white, silky hairs. Endo-
sperm none. Cotyledons plano-convex. Radicle short.
Bracts fimbriate stamens numerous. 1. Populus.
Bracts entire, stamens 2-10. 2. Salix.
74 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
I. POPULUS L.
Trees with scaly resinous buds, and usually long-petioled leaves,
the stipules minute, fugacious. Disk cup-shaped, oblique. Staminate
aments dense, pendulous. Staminate flowers with from 4 to 60
stamens, their filaments distinct. Pistillate aments sometimes raceme-
like through the elongation of the pedicels. Ovary sessile ; style short ;
stigmas 2-4, entire or 4-lobed. Capsule 2-4 valved. Coma of the
seeds often very long and conspicuous.
I. P. trichocarpaT. & G. Hook. Icon. gipl. 878 (1852).
Tree with a broad head of ascending branches, 8-15 m. high;
leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, rounded at the base, acute at apex,
serrulate, dark green and shining above, pale beneath, 5-8 cm. long, on
terete petioles, 3-5 cm. long ; staminate aments 3-5 cm. long ; disk
obHque, bearing 40-60 stamens, with purple anthers ; pistillate aments
5-7 cm. long, loosely flowered ; ovary hoary tomentose ; capsule
3-valved.
Canyon bottoms near streamlets. February to April. Brandegee ; Lyon
(Gray, Field) ; Trask; Swain's Canyon, largest tree 65 feet high with a trunk
10 feet 6 inches in diameter, Jepson 3060; Gallaghers Canyon, Eastwood 6460;
Millsp. 4591; Cape Canyon, Millsp. 4674; Banning and Pebble Beach Canyon,
Knopf 240, 243; Cottonwood Canvon. Knopf 402. COTTONWOOD, BLACK
COTTONWOOD. BALSAM COTTONWOOD.
2. SALIX L.
Trees or shrubs with mostly long narrow usually acute leaves,
and persistent or early deciduous broad or minute stipules. Bracts
entire or denticulate. Disk gland-like, small or minute. Staminate
aments dense, erect, spreading or drooping, their flowers with i-ii
stamens with filaments distinct or sometimes united below. Pistillate
usually erect or spreading ; ovary sessile or short-stipitate ; style short
or filiform, with 2 entire or 2-cleft stigmas. Capsule mostly 2-valved.
Stamens 3. i. laevigata.
Stamens 2.
Aments racemose on the branchlets. 2. lasiolepis.
Aments terminating the branchlets. 3. argophylla.
1 . S. laevigata Bebb, Am. Nat. 8 :202 (1874).
Tree 10-15 m. high; branches reddish-brown; leaves lanceolate
to oblong-lanceolate, serrulate, green and shining above, more or less
glaucous beneath, 8-12 cm. long, glabrous. Petioles about i cm. long;
puberulent above and somewhat grooved ; staminate aments usually
flexuous, 5-7.5 cm. long ; bracts more or less elliptic, woolly at base,
glabrous and pallid toward the apex; stamens 5-6; filaments pubescent
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 75
below; capsule conic from a thick base, acute, glabrous, on pedicels
3-4 times as long as the gland ; stigma nearly or quite sessile,
emarginate.
Along rivulets in canyons. Listed by Lyon and by Brandegee, but the only
specimen we have seen is Mrs. Trash's, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard., of which
she says "less frequent than 5". lasiolcpis." Although we searched widely for
this species we did not succeed in locating it. RED WILLOW.
2. S. lasiolepis Bth. PI. Hartvv. 335 (1857).
Tree or large shrub, 4-8 m. high ; leaves oblong or somewhat
broadest above the middle, obscurely and irregularly serrulate, dull
green above, more or less gray-pubescent beneath, 12-20 mm. broad,
5-7 cm. long, on petioles 5-10 mm. long; aments appearing before the
leaves, sub-erect; the staminate 2-4 cm. long; stamens 2; pistillate
2.5 cm. long or less ; capsule acute, smooth, short pedicelled ; styles
rather short ; stigmas erect.
Common along streamlet? both in canyon beds and on high lands. January
to March. Trask (N. Y., Field) ; Swain's Canyon, Jepson 3053; Rock Spring
and Cherry Canyons, Smith jio8o, 5102; Avalon Valley, Millsp. 4505 and Middle
Ranch Canyon '4572, 4577, Knopf 320, 362; Avalon Canyon, Nuttall 1061. Big
iVash Canyon 702. 1127, Hamilton Canyon 230, lo^i ; Knopf, 270, 277, 280, 333<^>'
ARROYA or \yHITE WILLOW.
The aborigines made a liniment from an extract of this species, for use
as a remedy for rheumatism.
3. S. argophylla Nutt. Sylv. 1:71 (1842).
Slender shrub, stem one from the base, strictly erect or sometimes
straggling, 12.2-36.6 dm. high; foliage lustrous silvery-tomentose ;
leaves linear, acute at apex or long-pointed, entire, 1.9-6.3 cm. long,
2.1-4.2 mm. wide ; catkins on leafy peduncles ; staminate catkins 1.2-2.7
cm. long, 6.3 mm. thick, in bud usually conical, the green-tipped scales
often abruptly acute; pistillate catkins 12.7-19.omm. long, 3.2-4.2
mm. thick; ovary silky; stigmas oblong, sessile, the top of the ovary
sometimes bulbous-dilated just below them ; capsule silvery-tomentose,
brown.
Canyon stream bed. May. Evidently rare as it has only once been collected,
that by Nuttall 343, in Big Wash Canyon. COYOTE WILLOW.
Order 3. FAGALES.
Trees or shrubs, with small monoecious or rarely dioecious
flowers in aments, or the pistillate ones subtended by an involucre,
which becomes a bur or cup in fruit. Calyx usually present. Corolla
none. Endosperm none.
Family i. FAGACE^.
OAK FAMILY.
Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, petioled, pinnately veined, the
stipules, if any, deciduous. Flowers small, monoecious, the staminate
y6 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
in aments, or capitate, the pistillate subtended by an involucre of
partly or wholly united bracts, which becomes a bur or cup. Petals
none. Staminate flowers with a 4-7-lobed perianth and 4-20 stamens ;
filaments slender, distinct, simple ; anther-sacs adnate, longitudinally
dehiscent. Pistillate flowers with a 4-8-lobed urn-shaped or oblong
perianth, adnate to the 3-7-celled ovary; ovules 1-2 in each cavity,
only I in each ovary ripening, pendulous, anatropous ; styles as many
as the cavities of the ovary, linear. Fruit a i -seeded nut, with a
coriaceous or somewhate bony exocarp. Testa thin. Endosperm
none, cotyledons large, fleshy, often rugose ; radicle short.
I. QUERCUS* L.
Trees or shrubs, with pinnatifid lobed, fdentate, crenate or entire
leaves, deciduous, or in some species persistent. Flowers very small,
green or yellowish, appearing with or before the leaves, the staminate
numerous in slender, mostly drooping aments, the pistillate solitary
in many-bracted involucres. Staminate flowers subtended by cadu-
cous bracts, consisting of a mostly 6-Iobed campanulate perianth and
6-12 stamens with filiform filaments, sometimes also with an abortive
pilose ovary. Pistillate flowers with an urn-shaped or oblong calyx,
adnate to a mostly 3-celIed ovary ; ovules 2 in each cavity of the
ovary, rarely more than i in each ovary maturing; styles as many
as the ovary-cavities, short. Fruit consisting of the imbricated and
more or less united bracts of the involucre (cup), subtending or
nearly enclosing the ovoid, oblong or subglobose, i -seeded coriaceous
nut (acorn).
Acorn maturing the first year, the shell not woolly within :
abortive ovules at its base :
Leaves entire or variously toothed, not lobed, deciduous.
I. dumosa.
Leaves lobed, larger, evergreen. 2. MacDonaldii.
Acorn maturing the second year, the shell woolly within :
abortive ovules toward its top :
Leaves glabrous, often entire. 3. chrysolepis.
Leaves somewhat hairy, commonly toothed. 4. tomentella.
I. Q. dumosa Nutt. N. A. Sylv. 1:7 (1842).
Shrub or small tree i5dm.-7m. high with pale gray bark and
tomentose branchlets ; leaves coriaceous, broadly or narrowly oblong,
2.6 cm. long more or less, spinose-serrate and sometimes sinuate or
irregularly incised; staminate aments 7.6cm. long; acorns 2 together
*By William Trelease. 1
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall "jy
or solitary nut oval, mostly pointed, 12.7-33.3 mm. ^o^RJ cup hemi-
spherical, strongly tuberculate at base, scales free above with minute
hairy tips.
Everywhere, February to April. Lyon; Trask (one specimen as Q. Doug-
lasii); Tourney; Palmer (8), (9), 255, (his (8) and 255 approach Q. Alvordiana),
2S6; Rushy (as Q. agrifolia but prox Q. Alvordiana); vicinity of Avalon,
Eastivood 652s (prox. Q. Alvordiana) ; Jcpson 3043 and at the head of Swain's
Canyon, 3032; Hay Press. Hall 8275; Avalon Valley, Pendleton 1386; Coach
Road, Cherry Canyon, and foot of Black Jack, Smith 5028, 5091, 5171; Middle
Ranch Canyon, Millsp. 4376; Chicken Johnny's and Silver Canyon, Nuttall 149,
583, 584, 740, (584, 740 approach Q. MacDonaldii) ; Big Wash Canyon, Nuttall
725, Knopf 233, 318; Pebble Beach Canyon and the Summit. Knopf 199, 321,
329. SCRUB OAK. The prevalent oak, if not the prevalent tree, of the island.
Even more, than before seeing- this large and instructive range of good
specimens from Catalina Island, I feel that it is nearly hopeless to try to
segregate the forms of dumosa, and that the "species" represents an ancient
complex of various differentiated but inter-breeding and inconstant initials
of what might have become differentiable species if isolated. The ensemble
comes pretty close to repeating Von Ettingshausen's story of Quercus Paleo-
Ilex and its European descendants.
Among the races represented on the island, there, are, however, three that
may well be considered to be forms :
forma insularis: with small ovate leaves, 15-25 x 6-14 mm., with a smooth
upper surface, often entire or with a few shallow crenulations, or with sparse,
broad and shallow teeth; nuts elongate, pointed, about 3x1.2cm. with very
small cups. The Wishbone, Smith 5029, Knopf 334; Millsp. 4582, 4583 (prox
Q. Alvordiana) , and in a hollow east of the terminus of Bishop Street, Avalon,
Nuttall 120 (prox Q. Alvordiana) , 1202.
forma myrtifolia: with oblanceolate to ovate leaves, 1.8-4 x 0.6-1.8 cm.,
the upper surface strongly raised-reticule-veined, the margins entire or infre-
quently sharp, spinose-tipped toothed. Acorns not seen. Cherry Valley at the
bend of the Coach Road. Millsp. 4823; Big Wash and Rock Falls Canyons,
Nuttall, 356, 585.
forma longigemma: with narrowly-lanceolate leaves, 1.5-2X.05-.07 cm., the
upper surface very finely-low-reticulate-veined, the margin entire or sparingly
low-crenate, with now and then individual leaves with 1-3, small, spinose teeth.
Cup large, acorn ovate, pointed, about 2.5 x1.8 cm. A low, spreading tree
with a trunk 15.3 cm. in diameter, in the canyon south of Chicken Johnny's
Millsp. 4545-
2. Q. MacDonaldii Greene, W. Am. Oaks, 25, y^^, t. 34 ( 1889) .
Leaves spatulate-oblong, pinnately lobed, with acute lobes tipped
with sharp points, 6.3 cm. long ; lower surface densely clothed with
star-shaped hairs ; smooth on the upper ; base generally unequal and
obtuse. Fruit matures in one season ; sessile, less than 2.6 cm. long ;
the nut ovate-oblong, acute, cup rather deep, tuberculate. Small
evergreen tree, 4.5-10.6 cm. high; symmetrical and graceful with
rounded top and slender branches.
In groves of a few trees in the upper part of the moister canyon beds.
February to April. Lyon (as Q. Douglasii) ; Trask, "25 to 50 feet high, i to 3
feet in diameter of trunk;" Biandegee (as Q. Douglasii, Q. Engelmannii, Q.
MacDonaldii elegantula) ; Jepson 3058 he says in his notes: "single trunks up
to 20 inches in diameter, tree 40 feet high ;" Grand Canyon, Hall 8276 ; Summit,
Eastwood 6519; Tourney; Cherry Canyon, Smith 5092; Big Wash Canyon,
Nuttall 741, 742, 1200, and Rocky Falls Canyon 337 ; Middle Ranch, Millsp. 4607,
78 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Knopf 263; Pebble Beacli Canyon, a small grove at the camp site, Millsp.
Knopf 241 "trees up to 50 feet." ISLAND OAK, BLUE OAK, LIVE OAK,
EVERGREEN OAK. Variously reported as Q. oblongifolia, Q. dumosa Mc-
Donaldii and Q. Morelms. This species also shows many races having an enor-
mous range between the typical oblong and the most striking elliptic foliage ; they
appear to present a hopeless series of intergradients, as the heavy-myrtle leaved
foliage passes into the thinner, more typical, and the rounded forms.
3. Q. chrysolepsis Liebm.? Dansk. Vid. Foreh. 1854: 173 (1854).
Tree 9. 15- 12. 15 m. high, or on exposed mountain summits a shrub
1.2-3 m. high (in such situations often gregarious) ; leaves oblong or
narrowly-ovate to elliptical, cordate to cuneate at base, acute or
cuspidate at apex, mostly entire on old trees, spinose-dentate on young
ones or on vigorous shoots, pale and glaucous above, fulvous-tomentose
or gray-pubescent below, at length glabrate; staminate aments 5.1-10.1
cm. long, the calyx with 4 to 7 ovate, acute lobes ; acorn usually
solitary; nut oval or ovate, i. 2-5.1 cm. long; cup shallow, the tubercles
and scales almost completely concealed by a close dense tomentum.
Rare. Mrs. Trask says : "a few trees in one locality at an altitude of 1800
feet." March to April. Trask "tree 20 feet high with a trunk up to 8 inches
in diameter;" gulley near the base of Black Jack, Nuttall uoi. GOLDEN
LEAVED OAK, LIVE OAK.
The more I see of the Catalina forms of chrysolepis (that other very ancient
form), the less easy I find it to separate tomentella from chrysolepis. On the
island we find as large if not quite as hairy leaves as in the most representative
type of tomentella and nearly as small and glaucous leaves as in the extreme
vaccinifolia. I never could call Mrs. Trask's specimen tomentella; and Trask
340222 in the National Herbarium, is perhaps as separable. On the whole my
present idea is to hold these coastwise island forms as paralleling the dumosa
range of island forms — the extreme of which is the isolated Guadalupe tomen-
tella. On this basis, I should be disposed to unite all of these Catalina specimens
as a var. conjungens of tomentella — if only they did not comprise the small
glaucous form.
4. Q, tomentella Engelm. Tr. St. Louis Acad. 3:393 (1877).
(Plate VII.)
A tree, 9-12 m. or occasionally 18.2 m. high, with a trunk 3.3-6.8
dm. in diameter. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, sometimes cuspidate
or occasionally rounded at apex, broad and rounded or gradually
narrowed and abruptly cuneate at base, remotely crenate-dentate with
small remote spreading callous-tipped teeth, or entire, when they
unfold, light green tinged with red, covered above with scattered pale
fascicled hairs and below and on the petioles with thick hoary
tomentum, at maturity thick and coriaceous, dark green, glabrous
and lustrous on the upper surface, pale and covered with fascicled
hairs on the lower surface, 5.1-10.1 cm. long, 2.6-5.1 cm. wide, with
thickened strongly revolute margins, and a pubescent midrib ; gadually
deciduous during their third season ; petioles stout, pubescent, about
12.7mm. in length. Flowers: staminate in pubescent aments 6.3-35.8
cm. long, calyx light yellow, pubescent, divided into 5-7 ovate acute
lobes ; pistillate subsessile or in few-flowered spikes on short or
elongated pubescent peduncles, their involucral scales like the calyx
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 79
coated with fascicled hairs ; stigmas red. Fruit subsessile or short-
stalked ; nut ovoid, broad at base, full and rounded at apex, about 3.8
cm. long and 19.0 mm. thick, inclosed only at base in a cup-shaped
shallow cup thickened below, light brown and pubescent on the inner
surface, and covered by thin ovate acute scales, their free chestnut-
brown tips more or less hidden in a thick coat of hoary tomentum.
The Catalina tree very closely approaches Q. chrysolepis.
In the deeper and moister canyons, frequent. February to April. Lyon;
Trask "in a canyon near the middle of the island, trees over 50 feet high" ;
Drandegce; Tourney; Hay Press, Hall 8274; Gallagher's Canyon, Jepson 3056;
Cherry Canyon, Smith 5118; Pebble Beach Canyon. Millsp. 4686, Nuttall 274,
Knopf 360; Banning's Canyon, Nuttall 333; Middle Ranch, Knopf 185; Bulrush
Canyon, Knopf ^51, 416; Pacific Slope of the Salta Verde, Knopf 367. ISLAND
OAK.
Order 4. URTICALES.
Trees, shrubs or herbs, the flowers with a calyx but without
corolla, small, not borne in aments, monoecious, dioecious or poly-
gamous ; ovary i -celled, superior.
Family i. URTICACE^.
NETTLE FAMILY
Herbs (some tropical species shrubs or trees), with watery sap,
mostly stipulate simple leaves, and small greenish dioecious, mon-
oecious or polygamous flowers, variously clustered. Calyx 2-5-cleft.
or of distinct sepals. Petals none. Stamens in the staminate flowers
as many as the lobes or segments of the calyx (sepals) and opposite
them, the filaments inflexed and anthers reversed in the bud, straight-
ening at anthesis. Ovary superior, i -celled; style simple; ovule
solitary, erect or ascending, orthotropous, or in some genera partly
amphitropous. Fruit an achene. Endosperm oily, usually not
copious ; embryo straight.
Leaves opposite, dentate:
Pistillate calyx 4-parted i. Urtica.
Pistillate calyx 2-4-toothed ' 2. Hesperocnide.
Leaves alternate, entire 3. Parietaria.
I. URTICA L.
Annual or perennial herbs with stinging hairs. Leaves opposite,
petioled, 3 to 7-nerved, with stipules. Flowers in ours monoecious,
clustered, the clusters in axilary, often branching spikes. Staminate
flower with 4 sepals, 4 stamens and a cup-shaped rudiment of a pistil.
Pistillate calyx with the sepals unequal, the exterior smaller than the
inner and at length enclosing the flattened achene; ovary with sessile
tufted or almost feathery stigma. Endosperm scanty.
8o Field Museum of Natukal History — Botany, Vol. V.
Annuals, male and female flowers intermixed : i. urens.
Perennials, male and female flowers in
separate spikes : 2. holosericea.
1. U. urens, Linn, Sp. PI. 934 (1753).
Erect, branching from the base or sometimes simple, 25-50 cm.
high ; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, deeply and sometimes doubly
serrate, 1-4 cm. long, on slender petioles of about the same length;
stipules 4 mm. long ; flower clusters rather dense, mostly shorter than
the petioles ; flowers androgynous, mainly pistillate.
Shady waste places. January to June. Lyon, Brandegee (lists) ; Avalon
Valley, Smith 5011 ; Millsp. 4568; matting the ground in large areas in a cactus
opening, Cape Canvon, Millsp. 4673, and under cherry trees, Cherry Valley 4798.
STINGING NETTLE.
2. U. holosericea Nutt. Jour. Phil. Acad. n. s. 1 : 183 (1847).
U. gracilis holosericea Jeps. Fl. Calif. 2 1367 (1909).
Stems simple, stout, 1-3 m. high or more, more or less bristly and
finely pubescent ; leaves finely and densely pubescent beneath, less so
above or with only a few scattering bristles, ovate to lanceolate, 5-10
cm. long, the upper much shorter, on petioles 34 as long, coarsely
serrate; stipules narrowly oblong, acute or obtuse, 6-10 mm. long;
staminate flower clusters rather loose, nearly equaling the leaves ;
pistillate denser and shorter ; inner sepals ovate, densely hispid, i mm.
long, about equaling the broadly ovate achene.
Along streams. May to September. Lyon, Brandegee lists ; Middle Ranch
Canyon, Smith 5114, Nuttall 311; Knopf 267. TALL NETTLE.
2. HESPEROCNIDE Torr.
Annual herbs distinguished from Urtica by the pistillate perianth,
which is a membranous flattened oblong-ovate sac, with a minutely
2-4-toothed orifice.
#
I. H.tenella Torr. Pacif. R.Rept. 4:139 (1857).
Slender and weak, 25-50 cm. high, simple or branched, somewhat
hispid with branching hairs and bristly; leaves 1-3 cm. long, thin,
ovate, obtusely serrate ; petioles slender, 3^ as long ; flower clusters
rather dense, nearly glomerate, shorter than the petioles ; calyx thin,
hispid, with hooked hairs, in fruit 1-1.5 mm. long; achene mem-
branous, striately tuberculate with minutely rough points.
Rich, sandy loam in shady canyon bottoms. March to June. Brandegee list ;
Cherry Valley, Millsp. 4802; Hamilton Canyon, Nuttall 227. COAST NETTLE.
3. PARIETARIA, L.
Ours slender annuals without stinging hairs. Leaves alternate,
entire, 3-nerved, petioled, without stipules. Flowers in axillary
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 8i
glomerate clusters, polygamous, subtended by leafy bracts. Calyx of
the perfect flowers 4-parted, in the pistillate tubular-ventricose, 4-cleft
with connivent lobes. Style slender or none; stigma spatulate,
recurved, densely tufted. Achene ovoid, smooth and shining, enclosed
in the dry, brownish, nerved calyx.
I . P. debilis Forst. Ins. Austr. Prodr. y^) {^7^^) •
Very slender, usually diffusely branching from the base, 10-25 C"''-
high, somewhat hispid; leaves 5-10 mm. long or more, broadly ovate,
obtuse, rounded at the base or abruptly cuneate; petioles slender,
about equaling the leaves ; achene i mm. long.
Damp, shady places in canyons. March to May. Lyon 60 (Gray; Field);
Brandegee list; Cherry Vallev, Millsp. 4S01, 4804; Descanso Canyon, Nuttall
:r6, JI35- PELLITORY.
Order 5. POLYGONALES.
Herbs, twining vines, shrubs or trees, with alternate, or some-
times opposite or whorled, simple mostly entire leaves, jointed stems,
and usually sheathing united stipules (ocreas). Flowers small, regular,
perfect, dioecious, monoecious or polygamous. Petals none. Calyx
inferior, 2-6-cleft or 2-6-parted, the segments or sepals more or less
imbricated, sometimes petaloid, sometimes developing wings in fruit.
Stamens 2-9, inserted near the base of the calyx ; filaments filiform or
subulate, often dilated at the base, distinct or united into a ring;
anthers 2-celled, the sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary superior,
I -celled; ovule solitary, orthotropous, erect or pendulous; style
2-3-cleft or 2-3-parted, sometimes very short ; stigmas capitate or
tufted, rarely 2-cleft ; fruit a lenticular 3-angled or rarely 4-angled
achene, usually invested by the persistent calyx ; endosperm mealy ;
cotyledons accumbent or incumbent; embryo straight or nearly so.
Only the following family.
Family i. POLYGONACE^.
SMARTWEED FAMILY
Characters of the order:
Leaves destitute of sheathing stipules:
Involucre with distinct bracts or none.
Bracts present. i. Pterostegia.
Bracts wanting. 2. Lastarriaea.
Involucre turbinate or campanulate.
Teeth of involucre cuspidate or awned 3. Chorizanthe.
Teeth of involucre not awned. 4- Eriogonum.
Leaves with sheathing stipules.
Sepals 6 the outer 3 smaller. 5- Rumex.
Sepals 4-5 similar. 6. Polygonum.
82 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
I. PTEROSTEGIA F. & Mey.
Very slender annuals, diffusely dichotomous from the base, with
opposite leaves and foliaceous bracts. Involucres axillary, sessile,
solitary, consisting of a single 2-lobed bract, shorter than the solitary
sessile flower, enlarged! in fruit, scarious and reticulated, loosely
enclosing the achene, gibbously 2-saccate on the back. Calyx 6-parted
or rarely 5-parted. Stamens 3-6. inserted at the base of the calyx-
lobes. Achene triangular, glabrous ; cotyledons accumbent.
I. P. drymarioides F. & M. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 2 :48 (1835).
Stems several from the base, 10-30 cm. long or more; lower
leaves petioled, 4-12 mm. long, fan-shaped, 2-lobed, the lobes crenately
toothed or slightly lobed : upper leaves obovate-spatulate, entire or
more or less toothed; bracts similar, 2 mm. long; involucres 2-3 mm.
long in fruit, the margins of the lobes toothed or laciniatc ; flowers
about 1.5mm. long, sessile; calyx-lobes lanceolate.
Dry situations especially among beach pebbles where the plants are bright
madder color. March to June. Lyon and Brandcgee lists. Among dry beach
pebbles mouth of Cherry Valley, MillsJ^. fSo^; along the Equestrian Trail, Nut-
tall 731, 157.
2. LASTARRI^A Remy.
A small diffuse rigid fragile annual, with the aspect of Chori-
zanthe. Involucre wanting. Perianth involucre-like, coriaceous,
tubular, 5-6-cleft to the middle; the narrow teeth rigid, awned,
recurved and uncinate. Stamens 3, inserted on the throat ; filaments
very short, with small membranous appendages intervening at their
insertions. Achene triangular; embryo curved.
1. L.chilensis Remy. Gay. Fl. Chil. 5:290 (1849).
Branches procumbent or ascending, 5-15 cm. long, hirsute; lowest
leaves linear, obtuse, hispid-ciliate, 1-2 cm. long, cauline in whorls of
4-5, unequal ; tracts 3-6 mm. long, concealing the flowers ; perianth
2-3 mm. long, its tube triquetrous ; teeth 5, 3 long and 2 short ; anthers
small, orbicular; style very short.
Dry hillsides in loose soil. March to May. Brandcgee list ; "common in
one canyon where it forms a dense mat on the ground" — Trask. (N. Y. Field).
3. CHORIZANTHE R. Br.
Low dichotomously branched annual herbs, with rosulate basal
leaves and opposite or ternate stem-leaves, often reduced and
bracteate. Involucre i -flowered, or rarely 2-3-flowered, tubular or
funnelform, sessile, 3-6-angled or costate, 3-6-toothed or 3-6-cleft,
Flora of Santa Catalixa Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 83
its teeth divaricate, cuspidate or avvned. Flowers pedicellate or nearly
sessile, included within the involucre, or the segments protruding.
Calyx 6-parted or 6-cleft, colored. Stamens usually 9, rarely 3 or 6,
adnate to the base of the calyx-tube. Ovary glabrous.
I. C. staticoides Bth. Tr. Linn. Soc. 17 :4i8 (1837).
Erect or decumbent, rather stout, 1-4 dm. high, with spreading
branches, villous-pubescent, often purplish, leaves all basal, tomentosc
beneath, oblong, obtuse, 2.5-6 cm. long ; bracts not acerose ; involucres
in rather close cymes, 3-6 mm. long, the alternate teeth larger, nearly
equal ; flowers nearly sessile, 4-5 mm. long, glabrous or sparsely
villous on the midvein, cleft to near the middle ; segments oblong,
entire, the alternate ones about half as long and narrower; stamens
inserted at base.
On dry slopes. March to June. Lyox (Gray; Field) ; Trask (N. Y. Field) ;
Brandegee list only.
4. ERIOGONUM, Michx.
Annual or perennial herbs or rarely shrubs, with basal, alternate
or verticillate leaves, without stipules, and perfect involucrate flowers.
Involucre campanulate, turbinate or oblong, 4-8-toothed or 4-8-lobed.
awnless, usually many-flowered; the more or less exerted pedicels
intermixed with scarious narrow setaceous bracts or bractlets.
Perianth 6-parted or deeply 6-cleft, petaloid. Stamens 9, inserted on
the base of the perianth. Styles 3 ; stigmas capitate. Achene triangular,
rarely lenticular.
Cyme leafy, densely flowered. i. giganteum.
Cyme leafless, openly flowered. 2. nudum.
I. E. giganteum Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 20:371 (1885).
Freely branching shrub 1.5-23 m. high, bearing its white foliage
towards the ends of the tomentose or glabrate branches; trunk with
rough bark. 5 to 20cm. in diameter; leaves leathery, ovate, obtuse,
5-13 cm. long, white-lanate on both sides or glabrate above, strongly
veined beneath, the petioles 2.5 to 5 cm. long; peduncles stout, bearing
a dense tri- or di-chotomously branched compound cyme 10 to 60 cm.
broad; involucres sessile or pedicellate, somewhat crowded on the
branchlets, campanulate with very low teeth, almost as if truncate,
6 mm. long, densely close-woolly outside ; calyx 3 mm. long, densely
white-hairy toward the cuneate base, its segments broadly obovate.
rounded at apex, the inner narrower ; filaments pubescent at base.
Dry. open slopes especially near the sea. May to September. Lyon &
Nei'in (Type, Gray) ; "12 feet high with a trunk a foot in diameter"— Trcy^
(N. Y. ; Field); Palmer; Tourney; near Avalon, McClatchie; Brandegec
84 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
(Calif.; Field); Smith 5013, 5170; Eastivood 6447; McBridc & Payson 840;
Pendleton J354, 138^; Hassc (Field) ; Millsp. 4892; Nuttall 566, 793; Knopf 16S.
QUEEN ANNE'S LACE.
2. E. nudum Dougl. Bth. Tr. Linn. Soc. 17 413 (1837). PI. XIV f.2.
Erigonutn grandc Greene, Pitton. 1 138 ( 1887) .
Eriogonum rubescens Greene, ibid. 39.
Caudex sparingly leafy; scapes rather slender, fistulose, 3-6 dm.
high, sparingly branched above ; leaves broadly ovate or oblong,
obtuse, 1-5 cm. long, on slender petioles, undulate, densely tomentose
beneath, becoming glabrate above ; involucres usually 3-6 in each
cluster, glabrous or nearly so, 4-6 mm. high ; flowers glabrous or some-
what villous, 2-3 mm. long, white or rose color.
Dry slopes, especially near the sea. June to January. Lyon 3; Trask;
Brandegee list; McClatchie; Blake 970; Macbride & Payson 856; Millsp. 4472;
Nuttall 706, 713. 1162; Knopf 193. 223. TIBINAGUA WILD BUCKWHEAT.
5. RUMEX L.
Perennial or annual leafy-stemmed herbs. Stem grooved, usually
branched. Leaves entire or undulate, flat or crisped, with scarious
obliquely truncate cylindric sheathing stipules. Flowers green, usually
perfect, in a simple or compound often panicled raceme. Calyx
(>parted, the 3 outer sepals unchanged in fruit, the 3 inner ones
(wings) usually bearing a grain-like callosity on the back, larger and
enclosing the achene. Stamens 6 ; filaments short, glabrous ; anthers
oblong. Style 3-parted ; stigmas peltate, tufted. Achenes 3-angled.
Wings undulate or subdentate 2 mm. long. i. salicifolius.
Wings cordate 3-4 mm. long. 2. crispu.'?.
1. R. salicifolius Weinm. Flora 4 : 28 (1821).
Glabrous and somewhat glaucous ; stems ascending or spreading,
simple or branched, grooved, flexuous, 4-8 dm. long; leaves mostly
lanceolate, acute or acuminate, petioled, not undulate or crisped ;
racemes dense, interrupted below in fruit ; flowers in dense clusters ;
wings 2 mm. long, undulate or subdentate, each bearing a large ovoid
grain ; achene 2 mm. long, dark red.
In moist situations. May to August. Lyon and Brandegee lists ; Middle
Ranch Canyon, Smith 51 11, Nuttall 326; Cottonwood Creek, Nuttall 854; Knopf
226. WILLOW DOCK.
2. R. crispus Linn. Sp. PI. 335 (i753)-
Stems simple or branched above, erect, rather slender, 3-10 dm.
high ; leaves crisped and undulate, the lower oblong or oblong-
lanceolate, 15-30 cm. long, long petioled, the upper narrowly oblong
or lanceolate, short petioled, all cordate or obtuse at base ; panicle
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 85
rather open ; racemes simple or compound ; flowers rather loosely
whorled ; calyx green ; fruiting pedicels about twice the length of the
wings, jointed near the base; wings cordate, 3-4 mm. long, truncate
or notched at base, erose-dentate or nearly entire, each bearing a
grain; achene 2mm. long, dark brown.
Moist places. May to September. Near Avalon, McClatchie; Fourth o'
July, Millsp. 4793: Middle Ranch below the buildings, Nuttall 895. CURLED
DOCK.
6. POLYGONUM L.
Annual or perennial, terrestrial or aquatic herbs, some species
woody, with erect prostrate, climbing or floating stems, alternatt-
entire leaves, continuous with, or jointed to the cylindric funnel-form
or two-lobed, often lacerate or fringed ocreae; Flowers normally
perfect, green, white, pink or purpie, variously clustered, the clusters
terminal or axillary. Pedicels jointed, subtended by ocreae or ocreolse ;
calyx 4-5-parted or 4-5-cleft, the outer sepals or segments somewhat
larger than the inner : stamens 5-9, included or exserted ; fiilaments
fihform or dilated at the base, glabrous; style 2-3-parted or 2-3-cleft.
its branches included or exserted ; stigmas capitate ; achene lenticular
or 3-angled (rarely 4-angled), invested by or exceeding the calyx.
Embryo near the end of the seed in one of its angles.
I. P. aviculare Linn, Sp. PI. 362 (1753).
Annual or commonly perennial, slender, glabrous, dull green or
bluish green ; stem prostrate or ascending, 1-7 dm. long. Leaves
oblong, linear or oblanceolate, 0.5-2 cm. long, jointed to the ocreae.
narrowed at the base, usually acute at the apex, not conspicuously
veined ; ocrese oblique, silvery, 2-parted or at length lacerate ; clusters
axillary, 1-5-flowered; calyx green, 5-parted, the lobes with a white
or pink border ; stamens 5-8 ; style short, 3-parted to near the base ;
achene 3-angled, ovoid, 2 mm. long, acute, reticulated.
A weed in waste places. May to September. Avalon Valley, Bartholomew;
field opposite Chicken Johnny's. Nuttall 298; near gate by Catholic Church,
Knopf 154. KNOTGRASS. DOORWEED.
Order 6. CHENOPODIALES.
Herbs, mostly with perfect flowers. Calyx present. Corolla, if
present, polypetalous. Ovary superior. Embryo coiled, curved or
annular. Fruit not an achene, rarely achene-like.
Fruit a berry, utricle or achene :
Fruit a utricle :
Bracts not scarious i. Chenopodiaceae.
Bracts scarious 2. Amaranthaceae.
86 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Fruit not a utricle ;
Fruit an anthocarp. 3. Allioniaceae.
Fruit a capsule :
Capsule 2-several celled 4- Aizoaceae.
Capsule i-celled:
Sepals 2 5. Portulacaceae.
Sepals 4 or 5 :
Sepals united, ovary stipitate 6. Alsinaceae.
Sepals distinct, ovary sessile 7. Caryophyllaceae.
Family i. CHENOPODIACEJE.*
goosefoot family
Annual or perennial herbs, rarely shrubs, with angled striate or
terete stems. Leaves alternate or sometimes opposite, estipulate,
simple, entire, toothed or lobed, mostly petioled (in Arthrocnemum
reduced to mere scales). Flowers small, green or greenish, regular or
slightly irregular, variously clustered, occasionally solitary in the
axils. Petals none. Calyx persistent, 2-5-lobed, 2-5-parted or rarely
reduced to single sepal, wanting in the pistillate flowers of some
genera. Stamens as many as the lobes or divisions of the calyx, or
fewer, and opposite them ; filaments slender ; anthers 2-celled, longi-
tudinally dehiscent. Disk usually none. Ovary i -celled; ovule solitary,
amphitropous ; styles 1-3; stigmas capitate, or 2-3-lobed or divided.
Fruit a utricle, with a thin or coriaceous pericarp. Seed vertical or
horizontal ; endosperm mealy, fleshy or wanting.
Endosperm central :
Plants leafy:
Flowers perfect all of one kind :
Solitary. Stamens i i. Aphanisma.
Clustered. Stamens 5 2. Chenopodium.
Flowers unisexual, of two kinds 3. Atriplex.
Plants leafless, leaves reduced to scales 4. Arthrocnemum.
Endosperm lateral or wanting 5. Dondia.
T. APHANISMA Nutt
Slender glabrous annuals, with alternate sessile entire leaves,
:ind axillary mostly solitary perfect bractless flowers. Calyx 3-cleft,
with concave segments imchanged in fruit. Stamen i ; filament short.
Ovary depressed ; style shortly 2-3-cleft ; pericarp somewhat 5-angled,
rather thick and indurate. Seed horizontal with very thin crustaceous
testa. Embryo annular, surrounding the copious endosperm.
1 . A. blitoides Nutt. Mocq. in DC. Prodr. 13.2 -.54 (1849)
Stems ascending, branched, 3-7.5 dm. high; leaves thin, oblanceo-
late to ovate-oblong, the upper ones ovate, acute, 6-15 mm. long;
calyx minute ; its lobes ovate, obtuse, closely appressed to the base of
*Determinations by Paul C. Standley.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 87
the fruit ; fruit i mm. broad ; seed shining, punctulate-rugose.
In dry situations near the sea. May to August. Lyon; on old Indian
mounds at Little Harbor, Trask.
' 2. CHENOPODIUM Linn.
Annual or perennial herbs, with alternate petioled leaves. Flowers
small, green, perfect, sessile, bractless, clustered. Calyx 2-5-parted
or 2-5-lobed, embracing or enclosing the utricle, its segments or lobes
often keeled or ridged. Stamens 1-5 ; filaments filiform or slender.
Styles 2 or 3 ; seed horizontal or vertical, sometimes in both positions
in different flowers of the same species ; endosperm mealy ; embryo
completely or incompletely annular.
Annuals. Calyx deeply parted into lobes or segments :
Erect, leaves light green t. album
Diffuse, leaves dark green 2. murale
Perennials. Calyx merely toothed or cleft. 3. californicum
1. C. album Linn. Sp. PI. 219 (1753).
Erect annual, 3-20 dm. high, usually much branched, the branches
stout or slender, ascending, sometimes from a spreading base, obtusely
angled, striate, pale-green, mostly glabrate ; petioles slender, one half
to one third as long as the blades or rarely equaling them ; leaf-blades
oval-rhombic, rarely ovate or lanceolate, 2.5-8 cm. long, usually con-
spicuously longer than broad, obtuse or rounded at the apex, apiculate,-
often shallowly 3-lobed, irregularly sinuate-dentate, sinuate, or
sinuate-serrate, rarely subentire, mostly thick, pale-green and glabrate
above, very finely and commonly densely farinose beneath, the upper
blades reduced, ovate to lanceolate, usually entire, acute, mucronate.
not hastate ; flowers in large glomerules, these in dense, stout, erect
or ascending, paniculate spikes, the inflorescence usually narrow and
compact, rarely lax, grayish-green, sparsely leafy; calyx copiously
and finely farinose, deeply lobed, the lobes green, white-margined,
acutely carinate, completely enclosing the fruit ; pericarp adherent ;
seed horizontal, i. 3-1. 5 mm. broad, nearly smooth, black and shining,
the margin obtuse.
Waste grounds. Decem.ber to July. Vicinity of Avalon, Trask; Brande-
gee; Millsp. 4741 ; Nuttall ^03, 3-'7; Knopf 163. LAMB'S QUARTERS, PIG-
WEED.
2. C. murale Linn. Sp. PI. 219 (1753).
Annual, somewhat scurfy above; stem 3-8 dm. high, leafy to the
summit. Leaves rhombic-ovate, thin, bright green, acute or acuminate,
sharply and coarsely sinuate-dentate, cuneate or subtruncate at the
base, slender-petioled, 5-10 cm. long; flowers in loose axillary panicles
often not longer than the petioles ; calyx-segments not entirely enclos-
ing the utricle ; seed sharp-edged, horizontal, firmly attached to the
pericarp.
88 Field Museum of Natural Histoky— Botany, Vol. V.
Waste grounds and ditches. February to July. Vicinity of Avalon.
Trask; Urandegec ; Smith 5071 ; Millsp. 4m; 4^62. GOOSEP'OOT.
3. C. californicum Wats. Bot. Calif. 2 :48 (1880).
Erect or ascending perennial from a thick elongate fleshy root,
sparsely farinose on the younger parts, glabrate in age ; stems stout.
2-8 dm. high, several from each root, mostly simple ; petioles slender,
those of the lower leaves equaling or exceeding the blades, the upper-
most leaves subsessile ; leaf-blades triangular, 5-1 1 cm. long and nearly
as broad, acute or obtuse, hastately lobed at the base, coarsely, deeply,
and irregularl)'- lacinate-dentate or sinuate-dentate throughout, bright-
green, the upper blades much reduced ; flowers in few or many-
flowered glomerules arranged in dense, nearly naked, terminal spikes
6-18 cm. long, the lower glomerules often pedunculate and their
flowers long-pedicellate ; calyx green, herbaceous, cleft to about the
middle, the lobes broadly oblong, rounded, truncate, or emarginate,
shorter than the fruit ; stamens 5 ; styles elongate ; pericarp adherent ;
seed vertical, compressed-globose, 2 mm, in diameter.
In shade of trees in canyon bottoms. January to May. Trask; Brandegee ;
Avalon Valley, Smith 4984, Millsp. 4518, 4658, Nut tall 588; Pebble Beach Can-
yon, Millsp. 4696; White's Valley and Swain's Canyon, Knopf 90, Millsp. 4597;
Equestrian Trail, Nuttall loi, 164. SOAP PLANT. The parsnip-like root has
been largely used as a detergent in lieu of soap.
3. ATRIPLEX Linn.
Herbs or low shrubs, often scurfy-canescent or silvery. Leaves
alternate, or some of them opposite. Flowers dicecious or monoecious,
small, green, in panicled spikes or capitate-clustered in the axils.
Staminate flowers bractless, consisting of a 3-5-parted calyx and an
equal number of stamens ; filaments separate or united by their bases ;
a rudimentary ovary sometimes present. Pistillate flowers subtended
by 2 bractlets which enlarge in fruit and are more or less united,
sometimes quite to their summits ; perianth none ; stigmas 2. Utricle
completely or partially enclosed by the fruiting bractlets. Seed vertical
or rarely horizontal : embryo annular ; endosperm mealy.
Annuals :
Staminate flowers in naked terminal spikes :
in auxiliary clusters i. pacifica
Staminate flowers in naked terminal spikes :
Plants erect or sufTruticose J. Coultcri
Plants decumbent bracts 4 mm. long 3. Watsoni
Perennials :
Fruiting bracts not red and fleshy :
Bracts laciniately toothed 2 mm. long 4. Serenana
Bracts entire 3-4 mm. long:
Leaves thin, mealy 5. calif ornica
Leaves thick, white-scurfy 6. leucophylla
Bracts entire, convex 7. Breweri
Fruiting bracts red and fleshy 8. semibaccata
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 89
1. A. pacifica A. Nels. Proc. Biol. See. Wash. 17 :99 (1904).
Atriplcx microcarpa D. Dietr. Syn. PI. 5 :S36 (1852) not Waldst.
&Kit. (1812).
Prostrate annual, much branched, the branches slender, 1-4 dm.
long, obtusely angled, furfuraceous when young, glabrate in age,
sometimes tinged with red ; leaves numerous, alternate, sessile or the
lower short-petiolate, the blades oval, oblong, or obovate-oblong, 6-13
mm. long, acute or obtuse at the apex, often mucronulate, cuneate at
the base, thin, closely furfuraceous ; flowers monoecious, the staminate
glomerules mostly in the upper axils, often large, the pistillate flowers
in small clusters in the lower axils ; calyx deeply 5-cleft ; fruiting
bracts suborbicular or obovate, 1-1.5 mm. long, sessile, united to above
the middle, the apex green, minutely denticulate with 3-5 teeth, the
sides smooth or rarely slightly tuberculate ; seed 0.8-1 mm. long, the
radicle superior.
Dry, open situations. March to July. Trask (as A. decumbens) ; vicinity
of Avalon ; McClatchic; Pendleton 1422; Rccd 2S50; summit of Black Jack, alt.
2.000 ft., Nuttall 640.
2. A. Coulteri (Moq.) D Dietr. Syn. PI. 5 :537 (1852).
Obione Coulteri Moq. DC. Prodr. 13.2 : 1 13 ( 1849) •
Annual or usually perennial, sometimes suffrutescent at the base,
much branched, the branches slender or stout, 0.7-10 dm. long, terete,
furfuraceous, often glabrate in age, frequently tinged with red; leaves
numerous, alternate, sessile or short-petiolate, the blades obovate,
oblong, oblanceolate, or elliptic, 7-15 mm. long, obtuse to acuminate
at the apex, cuneate at the base, entire, thin, rather loosely furfura-
ceous ; flowers monoecious, the staminate in rather large glomerules,
these in the upper axils or in short naked terminal spikes, the pistillate
flowers in small axillary clusters ; fruiting bracts sessile, united to the
middle, not compressed, 2-3 mm. long, the margins green, deeply and
acutely dentate, the terminal tooth longest, the sides nerved, not
appendaged; seed 1.5 mm. long, brown, the radicle superior.
Low flats near the sea. November to July. Lyon; Brandegee ; sand flat at
the Ithmus, Macbride & Payson 870; Trask (hb. U. S.) ; Nuttall 219: Pacific
Slope of the Salta Verde, Knopf ^^48: Grant & Wheeler 820/2313. SALTBU.SH.
3. A. Watsoni A. Nels. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 17 :99 (1904).
Atriplcx decumbens S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 12:275 (1877)
notR. &S. (1820).
Perennial, fruticose only at the base, much branched from the
base, the stems 2-10 dm. long, prostrate or decumbent, slender or
stout, densely furfuraceous ; leaves very numerous, mostly opposite,
sessile, the blades broadly ovate to ovate-oblong or oval, 0.8-1.5 cm.
long, 3-8 mm. wide, acute or acutish at the apex, obtuse or rounded at
the base, entire, subcoriaceous, densely furfuraceous with yellowish-
white scales ; flowers dioecious, the staminate in large glomerules
90 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
arranged in slender or stout, short, interrupted, usually simple, naked,
terminal spikes, the pistillate ones in small axillary clusters shorter
than the leaves; calyx 5-cleft; fruiting bracts sessile or short-pedicel-
late, triangular or rhombic, 4-6 mm. long and of the same breadth,
compressed, coriaceous, united to above the middle, acute, sparsely
denticulate above or rarely entire, not at all herbaceous, not append-
aged on the sides ; seed 1.5 mm. long, brown.
Salt flats. April to August. At the head of Catalina Harbor, Grant &
Wheeler 820/231^; Pendleton 1426, 1427; Millsp. 47H7 ; Nuttall 221, Sli. SALT-
BUSH.
-1- A. Serenana A. Nels. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 17 -.99 (1904).
Atriplcx bracteosa S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 9:115 (1874)
not Trautv. (1870).
Erect or decumbent annual, 3-10 dm. high, usually much
branched, the branches stout, obtusely angled, furfuraceous when
young, glabrate in age; leaves numerous, alternate, sessile or sub-
sessile, the blades oblong, oval, or lance-oblong, 1.5-8.5 cm. long,
0.4-4 cm. wide, obtuse or acute at the apex, mucronate, cuneate at the
base, acutely dentate, or the upper blades mostly entire, thin, sparsely
farinose, the leaves appearing green or grayish-green ; flowers
monoecious, the large staminate glomerules in dense or interrupted,
narrowly paniculate or rarely simple, naked spikes ; calyx deeply
5-cleft ; pistillate flowers in few-flowered axillary clusters ; fruiting
bracts cuneate-orbicular, 2-3 mm. long, united below, the herbaceous
margins deeply dentate, the terminal tooth usually longer than the
lateral ones, the sides usually conspicuously tuberculate ; seed
i-i.5mm. long, brown, the radicle superior.
Silt of low lands near the coast. June to August. Near the fork of the
road at Pebble Beach, Knopf 161 ; Nuttall 303.
5. A. californica Moq, DC. Prodr. 13.2 198 (1849).
Perennial from a fleshy fusiform root, much branched, the
branches slender, prostrate or sometimes ascending, 1.5-5 dm. long,
terete, furfuraceous-canescent ; leaves numerous, often crowded,
alternate, or the lower opposite, the blades elliptic to lanceolate or
oblanceolate, 0.6-2 cm. long, 5 mm. wide or less, acute at each end,
sessile, entire, furfuraceous-canescent ; flowers monoecious, in dense
axillary clusters, forming stout, dense, leafy or nearly naked spikes ;
calyx deeply 4-cleft ; fruiting bracts sessile, ovate or broadly ovate,
3 mm. long, free, thin, acute, entire, green ; seed i mm. long, black, the
radicle lateral.
Sands and bluffs of the sea coast. March to June. Vicinity of Avalon,
Trask ; McClatch ie.
6. A. leucophylla (Moq.) D. Dietr. Syn. PI. 5 : 536 (1852).
Ohionc Icucophylla Moq. DC. Prodr. 13.2 1109 (1849).
Procumbent or decumbent perennial, fruticose only at the base,
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 91
much branched, the stems 3-10 dm. long, terete, stout, densely and
coarsely furfuraceous ; leaves alternate, numerous, sessile, the blades
orbicular to oval or oblong, 1.2-4 cm. long, 0.5-2 cm. wide, rounded or
obtuse at the apex, or the uppermost acutish, broadly cuneate or
rounded at the base, entire, subcoriaceous, densely yellowish- or brovvn-
ish-furfuraceous ; flowers monoecious, the staminate glomerules in
dense, stout, terminal, mostly simple spikes, the pistillate in few-
flowered axillary clusters ; calyx 5-cleft ; fruiting bracts sessile,
spongious, not compressed, rounded-ovate, acutish, united to above
the middle, entire or dentate, usually with numerous short, stout,
often flattened appendages on the sides, densely and coarsely furfur-
aceous ; seed 2-3 mm. long, the radicle superior.
Sandy beaches. July to October. Head of Catalina Harbor, Trask ; Reed
-S55; Nuttall 217; in dense mats just above high tide at Little Harbor, Kvopf
1S9. SALT GRASS.
7. A. Breweri S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad- 9:118 (1874) .
Erect shrub, 15-25 dm. high, much branched, the branches slender,
terete or obtusely angled, unarmed, ascending or spreading, densely
furfuraceous when young, becoming glabrate and pale-brown ; leaf-
blades deltoid-ovate or rhombic, 1.5-5 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at
the apex, mucronulate, cuneate at the base or subtruncate or rounded
and abruptly decurrent to the short stout petiole, rather thin, closely
furfuraceous on both surfaces, pinnately veined, the lateral veins few,
divergent or ascending ; flowers dioecious, the staminate ones in dense
glomerules 2-3 mm. in diameter, these in dense or interrupted, slender,
paniculate spikes, the inflorescence leafy or nearly naked ; pistillate
flowers arranged in slender dense spikes, these forming a broad, nearly
naked, much branched panicle, the branches slender, often drooping;
calyx deeply 4- or 5-cleft, furfuraceous ; fruiting bracts orbicular or
ovate-orbicular, entire, 2-^ mm. long, strongly convex, slightly scurfy,
pale-yellowish; seed i.2-i.5mm. long, compressed, reddish-brown, the
radicle ascending.
Near the sea. January to May. Trask; a large spreading clump 6 feet
liigh near the beach line at White's Landing, Millsp. 4586.
8. A. semibaccata R. Br. Prodr. 406 (1810).
Prostrate perennial, suft'rutescent at the base, much branched,
the branches slender, terete, 3-10 dm. long, whitish, sparsely furfur-
aceous or glabrate ; leaves numerous, alternate, short-petiolate, the
blades oblong or obovate-oblong, 1-3.5 cm. long, 2-9 mm. wide, obtuse
or acute, cuneate to attenuate at the base, irregularly and remotely
repand-dentate, or the upper entire, thin, densely and finely white-
furfuraceous beneath, usually glabrate and green on the upper
surface ; flowers monoecious, solitary or in small clusters in the axils,
the staminate clusters usually in terminal glomerules ; fruiting bracts
sessile, rhombic, 4-5 mm. long, united at the base, compressed, the
margins denticulate or entire, the sides nerved, not appendaged, the
92 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
bracts becoming red and somewhat fleshy at maturity ; seeds 2 mm.
long, dark-brown, the radicle lateral.
Dry, open grounds generally. Flowers and fruits the year around. An
Australian plant greatly relished by sheep. It grows in dense mats and spreads
rapidly. Hillsides near Avalon, Millsp. 4504, Knopf 256; Pebble Beach, Nuttall,
19^; Pacific Slope of the Salta Verde Knopf 348; Isthmus, Nuttall 219. AUS-
TRALIAN SALTBUSH. DOUGLASS.
4. ARTHROCNEMUM Moq.
Erect or decumbent, glabrous, fleshy shrubs with opposite articu-
late branches, the joints dilated at the apex ino a short sheath. Flowers
perfect, free or nearly so, immersed in groups of 3 on the opposite
sides of the joints, the flowering joints forming cylindric terminal
spikes, or sometimes only the lower joints of the stems floriferous.
Perianth obpyramidal or oval, spongious or slightly inflated in fruit,
3- or 4-dentate at the apex, the lateral teeth larger than the others.
Stamens 2. Ovary oval, somewhat compressed ; style elongate ; stigmas
2, slender. Urticle oval, thin or indurate, included in the perianth.
Seed erect, oblong, compressed, glabrotis ; embryo curved, surrounding
the copious endosperm; radicle inferior.
1. A. subterminale (Parish) Standi. Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 4:399
(1914).
Salicornia amhigua S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 9 : 125, pt. ( 1874)
not Michx. (1803).
Salicornia suhternmialis Parish, Eryth. 6 187 ( 1898) .
Shrub, 2-4 dm. high, densely branched, the branches green, ascend-
ing or erect, or the basal ones often decumbent, the joints 0.2-2.6 cm.
long, 1.5-2.5 cm. in diameter, expanded at the apex into a short, trun-
cate or bilobate sheath, the lobes obtuse or acutish; flowering joints
borne on the lower part of the branches or forming terminal spikes, the
spikes 3.5 cm. long or shorter, composed of few or numerous joints,
these about as broad as long; flowers subequal, borne near the base
of the joint and reaching half way to the apex; seed brown, i mm.
long.
Saline mud flats. January to August. In the mud flat at the head of
Catalina Harbor, Trask; Brandegee ; Millsp 4610. 461 1; Nuttall 223, 802; Little
Harbor, Nuttall 1160. SAMPHIRE. GLASSWORT.
5. DONDIA Adans.
Fleshy herbs or low shrubs, with alternate narrowly linear, thick
or nearly terete, entire sessile leaves, and perfect or polygamous brac-
teolate flowers, solitary or clustered in the upper axils. Calyx 5-parted
or 5-cleft. the segments in fruit enclosing the utricle. Stamens 5.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 93
Styles usually 2, short. Pericarp separating from the seed. Embryo
coiled into a flat spiral. Endosperm wanting or very little.
Stems and leaves glabrous or nearly so. i. californica
Stems and leaves densely tomentose 2. taxifolia.
1. D. californica (Wats.) Heller, Cat. N. A. PI. 3 (1898).
Suaeda californica S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 9:89 (1874).
Glaucous, glabrous or sparsely villous, ascending or decumbent,
branched perennial, 2-d> dm. high, the branches very stout, frutescent
below, densely leafy, or the leaves deciduous below ; leaves subterete
1.5-3.5 cm. long, ascending or suberect, acute or acuminate, those of
the inflorescence little reduced ; flowers i or 2 in each axil ; calyx deeply
cleft, glaucous, the lobes obtuse or acutish, rounded on the back ; seed
vertical or horizontal, 1.5-2 mm. broad, black, shining.
Salt marshes. March to August. Mud flat at the head of Catalina Harbor
and base of Ballast Point, Trask; Reed 285S; Millsp. 4923.
2. D. taxifolia Standley, N. A. Flora 21 : 91 (1916).
Suaeda Torreyana S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2 : 59 pt. ( 1880) .
Dondia californica Abrams, Fl. Los. Ang. 131 pt. (1904).
Green, much branched perennial, 2-12 dm. high, copiously tomen-
tulose or short-villous throughout; branches very stout, 3-7 mm. in
diameter, paniculately branched, the ultimate branches ascending;
leaves terete, 12-25 "^"^- ^o"&> acute or acuminate, ascending or spread-
ing, crowded, those of the inflorescence little reduced ; flowers globose,
2.5-3 mm. broad, 1-4 in each axil; bractlets acuminate or attenuate;
calyx densely pubescent, cleft to the middle or lower, the lobes obtuse
or acute, rounded on the back; seeds usually vertical, 1.5-2 mm. long,
black.
Saline mudflats. May to August. Shores of Catalina Harbor, Pendleton
1433; Macbridc & PaysonS65; Nuttall 805, 225.
Family 2. AMARANTHACE^.
PIGWEED FAMILY.
Herbs, or a few genera low shrubs, with simple, mostly entire,
thin leaves. Flowers small, green or white, bracteolate, variously clus-
tered, usually in terminal spikes or axillary heads. Petals none. Calyx
herbaceous or membranous, 2-5 parted, the segments distinct, or united
at the base, equal, or the inner ones smaller. Stamens 1-5, mostly
opposite the calyx-segments, hypogynous ; filaments distinct, united at
the base, or into a tube. Ovary i -celled ; ovule solitary in the majority
of genera, amphitropous, several in some tropical genera; stigmas 1-3.
Fruit a utricle, circumcissile, bursting irregularly, or indehiscent,
i-seeded or several-seeded. Seeds mostly smooth; embryo annular;
endosperm mealy, usually copious.
94 I'lKLU Museum of Natural History — Botany, \'ol. V.
I. AMARANTHUS Linn.
Annual branched erect or diffusely spreading glabrous or pubes-
cent herbs, with petioled pinnately veined leaves and small monoecious
polygamous or dioecious, green or purplish, mostly 3-bracteolate flow-
ers in dense terminal spikes or axillary clusters. Calyx of 1-5 distinct
sepals. Stamens 1-5; anthers longitudinally dehiscent. Styles or stig-
mas 2 or 3. Fruit an ovoid or oblong utricle, i -seeded, 2-3-beaked by
the styles. Embryo annular.
1. A. graecizans Linn. Sp. PI. 990 (1/53).
Amaranthus albiis Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1404 (.1763).
Stems freely and rigidly branching, 3.3-9.1 or 12.2 dm. high, com-
monly of bushy outline ; herbage light or somewhat yellowish-green
glabrous or nearly so; leaves oblong-spatulate or obvate, 8.4-16.8 mm.
long; flowers in clusters in short, axillary spikes ; bracts subulate, 2.1-3.1
mm. long, much longer than the sepals ; sepals 3, oblong, acute or
obtuse, thin, shorter than the rugose utricle.
A weed of waste places and cultivated ground. May to September. So far
only known on the island through the report of McClafchic in Erythea 2:79.
TUMBLEWEED.
Family 3. ALLIONIACE^.
(Nyctaginaceae)
FOUR o'clock family.
Herbs, some tropical genera trees or shrubs, with simple entire
leaves, and regular flowers in clusters, in many of the genera subtended
by involucres. Petals none. Calyx inferior, usually corolla-like, its
limb 4-5-lobed or 4-5-toothed. Stamens hypogynous ; filaments filiform ;
anthers 2-celled, dehiscent by lateral slits. Ovary enclosed by the tube
of the perianth, i-celled, i-ovuled; ovule campylotropous ; stigma
capitate. Fruit a ribbed grooved or winged anthocarp.
Fruit winged i. Abronia.
Fruit not winged 2. Hesperonia.
I. ABRONIA Juss.
Ours perennial herbs, often prostrate and more or less viscid-
pubescent, with thick opposite unequal leaves. Livolucres of 5-15
somewhat scarious leaflets, enclosing numerous sessile, showy and fra-
grant flowers. Calyx salver-shaped, the lobes usually 5, obcordate or
emarginate. Staments usually 5, unequal, adnate to the calyx-tube
and included. Style included ; stigma linear-clavate. Fruit indurated,
3-5- winged ; achene smooth, cylindric. Embryo with only i cotyledon.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 95
] . A. maritima Nutt. Watson, Bot. Calif. 2:4 ( 1880) .
Stems stout, the lower portion usually buried in drifting sand,
prostrate, succulent and viscid ; leaves thick, broadly ovate to oblong,
cuneate or rounded at base, 3-5 cm. long, vertical on stout petioles of
about the same length ; peduncles slightly exceeding the leaves ; in-
volucral bracts short, ovate-oblong, enclosing 10-15 flowers, forming
a narrow head; calyx i cm. long, deep red; fruit viscid-pubescent;
wings rather thick.
On the sea strand beaches. April to June. Trask; Brandegce ; McClatchie;
beach at mouth of Gallagher's Canyon, EasHvood 6466; dunes of the north-west
beach at Little Harbor, Ntitfal 5/,'; White's Landing, Knopf 389. SAND VER-
BENA.
2. HESPERONIA Standi.
Perennial herbs ; leaves opposite, thick, entire, petioled or sessile ;
inflorescence axillary or terminal ; involucres campanulate, composed
of 5 bracts which are united by their bases for about half their length,
not enlarged in fruit ; flowers 1 in each involucre ; perinath campanu-
late, wdiite or purplish red ; stamens usually 5, distinct ; fruit ellipsoidal
or spherical, not angled or ribbed, smooth or sometimes very faintly
tuberculate, glabrous.
I. H. californica Standi. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12 :364 (1909).
Mirabilis californica Gray. Bot. Mex. Bound. 173 (1859).
Stems ascending or spreading from a somewhat woody base, 3-6
dm. long; herbage viscid-pubescent; leaves rather thick, 1-3 cm. long,
broadly ovate to cordate, obtuse to acute; petioles slender, 1-2 cm.
long; involucre about 6mm. long, acutely 5-cleft to near the middle;
calyx narrowly campanulate, 10 mm. long, the lobes spreading, emar-
ginate ; stamens equaling the calyx and nearly equaling the style ; fruit
ovate, smooth, 3 mm. long.
Dry hillsides everywhere. Blooms the year around. Lyon; Trask; Bran-
degce; Pebble Beach, Parish 10763; Avalon vicinity, Eastzuood 6443, Pendleton
1367, Nuttall 21, Smith 4986: Descanso Canyon, Millsp. 4497; Big Wash Can-
yon, Nuttall 686; Pebble Beach Canyon Knopf ?, 59. FOUR-O'CLOCK,
WISHBONE-BUSH.
Family 4. AIZOACEZE.
CARPET-WEED FAMILY
Ours prostrate or decumbent herbs. Flowers perfect and regular
either solitary or clustered. Calyx 4 or 5-lobed or -parted, either free
from or more or less adnate to the ovary. Stamens hypogynous or
commonly perigynous, fewer than the sepals or more numerous. Fruit
a loculicidal or circumscissile capsule or indehiscent.
g6 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM L.
Ours very fleshy maritime herbs, with opposite estipulate leaves.
Flowers large and showy, terminal and in the forks of the branches.
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, the lobes 5, unequal, herbaceous. Petals
numerous, linear. Stamens very numerous, with slender filaments,
inserted with the petals on the tube of the calyx. Capsule 4-20-celled,
with as many styles, dehiscing at the depressed summit by stellate
valves. Seeds many, minute.
Leaves smooth, opposite. i. sequilaterale.
Leaves scaly-vescicular, alternate :
Leaves flat, ovate to spatulate 2. crystallinum
Leaves semiterete, linear 3. nodiflorum
I. M. aequilaterale Haw. Misc. Nat. yy (1803).
Perennial, with stout prostrate or ascending stems and short ascend-
ing flowering branches ; leaves very fleshy, opposite and clasping, linear,
actuely triangular, 5 to 15cm. long, smooth; flowers solitary, red,
pedicellate or nearly sessile, about 7.5 cm. in diameter; calyx-tube
turbinate, 12.7mm. long or more, angled or terete; the larger lobes
often as long: stigmas 6 to 10.
Near the sea shore. March to June. At various points along the eastern
coast line. Observed but not collected by us. BEACH STRAWBERRY.
The fruits are edible and pleasant.
2. M. crystallinum Linn. Sp. PI. 480 (1753).
Annual or biennial, diffusely procumbent, covered with large white
glistening papillae : leaves flat, fleshy, often alternate on the branches,
clasping, ovate or spatulate, undulate : flowers axillary, nearly sessile,
white or rose-colored: calyx-tube campanulate, terete, 5.5-7 mm. long;
lobes ovate, retuse or acute: stigmas 5.
Dry or sandy places near the coast, ilay to August. Lyon, Brandegee
(lists) ; Eastwood 6430; fields near Catalina Harbor, Millsp 4622, Nuttall 220,
812. ICE PLANT.
3. M. nodiflorum Linn. loc. cit.
Stems several from the base, prostrate or ascending ; herbage cov-
ered with fine vesicles; leaves linear, 1.5-2.7 cm. long, 2-4 mm. wide;
flowers solitary in the axils, subsessile or shortly peduncled ; petals
white, minute, much shorter than the calyx-lobes.
Dry fields and sands near the coast. May to September. Brandegee, Hasse ;
Blake 966; Macbride & Pavson 869; at the Isthmus near Catalina Harbor,
Millsp. 462^, Nuttall 226; Pacific Slope of the Salta Verde, Knopf 388; Pebble
Beach, Nuttall J94. FIG MARIGOLD.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 97
Family 5. PORTULACACEiE.
PURSLANE FAMILY.
More or less succulent herbs, with simple and entire leaves' (either
opposite or alternate), and regular but unsymmetrical perfect flowers;
the sepals only 2, while the petals are from 2 to 5 or more ; the stamens
opposite the petals when of the same number or fewer; the ovary
I -celled with few or many campylotropous or amphitropous ovules on
a free central placenta, in fruit becoming capsular; the seeds with a
slender embryo curved or coiled on the outside of farinaceous albumen,
as in Caryophyllaceec. — Ovarj' free and the parts of the flower hy-
pogynous, except in Portulaca. Stamens sometimes indefinitely num-
erous, commonly adhering to the base of the petals ; these sometimes
united at base. Style 2-8-cleft; the stigmas occupying the inner face
of the lobes. Stipules none, or scarious, or reduced to hairs. Flow-
ers open only in sunshine or bright daylight, in many ephemeral, in
some opening for two or three days.
Stamens more than 5, seeds many i. Calandrinia.
Stamens usually 3, seeds few 2. Montia.
I. CALANDRINIA HBK.
Sepals 2, green, persistent. Petals mostly 5 (3 to 10). Stamens
5 to 15, indefinite. Ovary free, many-ovuled : style 3-cleft, short.
Capsule globose or ovoid, membranaceous, 3-vaIved. Seeds black,
usually shining, smooth or minutely tuberculate. — Low succulent
herbs ; with alternate or radical leaves, and purplish ephemeral flowers
in bracteate racemes or panicles, or few upon short scape-like stems.
Leaves cauline. seeds shining i. Menziesii
Leaves rosulate, seeds dull • 2. maritima
1. C. Menziesii (Hook.) T. & G. Fl. i : 197 (1838).
Talinum Menziesii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 1223 ( 1833) .
Calandrinia caulescens Menziesii Gray. Proc. Am. Acad. 22 : 227
(1887).
Glabrous or slightly pubescent, branching from the base, the
stems ascending; leaves linear to oblanceolate, the lower on slender
petioles, 5 to 15cm. long; racemes simple; peduncles erect or ascend-
ing; sepals keeled, the calyx 4-angled in bud: petals broadly obovate,
red to purple, 4.2-12.7 mm. long: capsule ovate, acute or acuminate, 7 to
12 mm. long, about equalling or a little exceeding the ovate acute or
acuminate sepals : seeds shining, minutely tuberculate, 2 to 3.5 mm.
broad.
Moist, sunny slopes. March to May. Trask (N. Y., Field) ; Brandegee
list; on newly turned soil part way up Equestrian Trail, Nuttall 255. KISSE.S,
98 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
2. C. maritima Nutt T. & Gr.. FI. ibid.
Glaucous: stems spreading, 7.6 to 12.7cm. high, with small
bract-like leaves above the base : lower leaves obovate or obovate-
spatulate. 2.6 cm. long, fleshy, obtuse : flowers in a loose dichotomous
terminal panicle, on slender pedicels, "red, rather large and showy" :
sepals ovate, acute : capsule oblong-ovate, 4.2 mm. long, exceeding the
.sepals, acutish.
On "break off" near the sea. March. Trask (N. Y., Field). SEA KISSES.
2. MONTIA L.
Low glabrous and succulent herbs with delicate pale rose-colored
or white flowers in loose axillary or terminal, simple or compound
racemes. Sepals 2, rarely 3, persistent. Petals usually 5, rarely 3
or wanting, more or less united at base, usually slightly unequal.
Stamens 3-5, inserted on the corolla opposite the lobes. Ovary 3-
ovuled. Capsule 3-valved, 3-seeded.
1. M. perfoliata (Donn.) Howell, Eryth. 1 138 (1893).
Clayloiiia perfoliata Donn. Ind. Hort. Cantab. 25 (1796).
Stems 5-30.5 cm. high: radical leaves long-petioled, broadly
rhomboidal, or deltoid, or deltoid-cordate, 1.4-7.5 cm. broad, obtuse;
the cauline pair more or less united upon one or both sides, usually
forming a single somewhat orbicular perfoliate leaf, 1.4-5 cm. 'ri
diameter, concave above : racemes simple or compound, usually nearly
sessile and loosely flowered, the shojt pedicels often secund : petals
2,1 or 4.2mm. long; capsule about 3-seeded.
Moist, shady places, common. January to May. Trask; Brandegee list;
Road to Summit in the ditches, Smith 5022, Millsp. 453o; Rock Spring Canyon,
MUlsi^. 47^i3; Avalon Canyon. Nuitall 57, 1077. MINER'S LETTUCE.
Family 6. ALSINACE^.
CHICKWEED FAMILY
Annual or perennial herbs, sometimes shrubby at the base, with
a watery sap. Stems often diffusely branched. Leaves opposite, with
or without stipules : blades various, entire. Flowers mostly perfect,
sometimes incomplete. Perianth usually of 2 series. Calyx of 4-5
persistent distinct or nearly distinct sepals. Corolla of 4-5 clawless
petals, or wanting. Androecium of twice as many stamens as there
are sepals or fewer. Filaments distinct or cohering below. Anthers
introrse. opening lengthwise. Gynoecium of 2-5 united carpels.
Ovary i-celled or rarely 2-5-celled. Styles 2-5. Ovules several or
many, amphitropous or campylotropous, on a central column. Fruit
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 99
a capsule, opening by valves, these sometimes tooth-like. Embryo
more or less curved in the endosperm, usually with incumbent
cotyledons.
Styles 3-5, distinct:
Stipules none.
Petals bifid i. Alsine.
Petals entire.
Styles as many as sepals 2. Sagina.
Styles fewer than sepals 3. Arenaria.
Stipules present 4. Tissa.
Styles single 3-cleft or -toothed 5- Polycarpon.
I. ALSINE L.
Tufted herbs, with cymose white flowers. Sepals 5, rarely 4.
Petals of the same number, 2-cleft, 2-parted, or emarginate, white in
our species, rarely none. Stamens 10 or fewer, hypogynous. Ovary
I -celled; styles commonly 3, rarely 4 or 5, usually opposite the sepals.
Capsule dehiscent by twice as many valves as there are styles.
Annual, capsule ovoid. i. media.
Biennial or perennial, capsule oblong. 2. nitens.
I. A. media L. Sp. PI. 272 (1753).
Stellaria media Vill. Hist. PI. Dan. 3 :6i5 (1789).
Annual, tufted, much branched, decumbent or ascending, 1-4 dm.
long, glabrous except a line of hairs along the stem and branches, the
pubescent sepals and the sometimes ciliate petioles. Leaves ovate or
oval, 4-35 mm. long, acute or rarely obtuse, the lower often cordate ;
flowers 4-8 mm. broad in terminal leafy cymes or also solitary in the
axils; sepals oblong, longer than the 2-parted petals; stamens 2-10;
capsule ovoid, longer than the calyx; seeds rough.
Shady situations in the smaller washes. Jannuary to June. Brandegee and
Lyon lists ; Coach Road and Cherry Canyon, Smith 5024, 5087; Hamilton and
Pebble Beach Canyons, Millsp. 4532, 4690: Equestrian Trail, Avalon Valley and
Coach Road, Nuttall 243, loSo, 1165. CHICKWEED.
J. A. nitens (Nutt.) Greene, Man. Bay Reg. 33 (1894).
Stellaria nitens Nutt. T. & Gr. Fl. N. A. i : 185, 675 ( 1838) .
Stems erect, filiform, branching above, 7.6-17.9 (or 25.5) cm.
high, glabrous or slightly hairy below^; leaves linear, acute, sessile,
4.2-14.8 mm. long, or the very lowest ovate, 2.1-6.3 mm. long, abruptly
contracted into slender petioles nearly twice as long; inflorescence
strict, the pedicels erect, 19 mm. long or less, or some of the flowers
quite sessile ; bracts scarious ; sepals scariovis-margined, subulate-
lanceolate, 4.2mm. long; petals one-half as long as the sepals, some-
times none ; capsule oblong, nearly as long as the calyx.
Grassy hillsides. March to June. Slopes of canyons. McClatchie (Tn lib.
N. Y. Bot. Card.; part sp. in Field).
loo Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
2. SAGINA L.
Tufted matted low herbs, with subulate leaves, and small
pedicelled whitish flowers. Sepals 4 or 5. Petals of the same num-
ber, entire, emarginate or none. Stamens of the same number, or
fewer, or twice as many. Ovary i -celled, many-ovuled. Styles as
many as the sepals and alternate with them. Capsule 4-5-valved, at
length dehiscent to the base, the valves opposite the sepals.
I. S. occidentalis Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10:345 (1875).
Annual, glabrous, very slender and delicate, 5-16 cm. high,
decumbent at base or ascending : leaves not fascicled, 5-7 mm. long,
pungent : flowers pentamerous, on elongated straight pedicels :
sepals obtuse or acutish, 2.1mm. long: petals nearly equalling the
sepals: stamens 10: capsule exceeding the calyx.
Salt marshes. Recorded in Lyon and in Brandegee lists. No other knowl-
edge of the (doubtful) occurrence on Catalina can be gained. There is no
Catalina specimen in herb. Univ. of California. PEARLWORT.
3. ARENARIA L.
Mainly tufted herbs, with sessile leaves, and terminal cymose or
capitate, rarely solitary, white flowers. Sepals 5. Petals 5, entire or
scarcely emarginate, rarely none. Stamens 10. Styles generally 3
(rarely 2-5). Ovary i-celled, many-ovuled. Capsule dehiscent at
the apex by as many valves or teeth as there are styles, or twice as
many. Seeds reni form-globose or compressed.
I. A. Douglasii Fenzl. T. & Gr. Fl. N. A. 1 : 674 (1840).
Sparingly pubescent with spreading hairs or glabrous, slender,
much branched, 7.6-15.2 cm. high: leaves filiform, 6mm.-2.5cm.
long: flowers rather large, on long slender pedicels: sepals oblong-
ovate, acute, 3-nerved, 2.5mm. long: petals obovate, 3mm. long or
more: capsule globose, equalling the calyx: seeds large, flat, smooth,
acutely margined.
Open places. March to May. Brandegee list ; newly turned soil along
Equestrian Trail, Nuttall 266. SANDWORT.
4. TISSA Adans.
Low herbs, mostly with fleshy linear or setaceous leaves, often
with others clustered in the axils, and small pink or whitish flowers
in terminal cymes. Stipules scarious. Sepals 5. Petals the same
number, rarely fewer, or none, entire. Stamens 2-10. Ovary i -celled,
many-ovuled; styles 3. Pod 3-valved to the base. Seeds reniform-
globose or compressed, smooth, winged or tuberculate.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall ioi
Perennial :
Erect, root thick, fleshy. i. macrotheca.
Prostrate, matted. " 2. Clevelandi.
Annual :
Erect or prostrate, glandular. 3. salina.
1. T. macrotheca (Hornem.) Britten. Bull. Torr. 16:129 (1889).
Arenaria macrotheca Hornem. C. & S. Linn, i : 53 ( 1826) .
Lepiogonum macrothecum F. & Mey. Cat. Sem. Hort. Petrop.
3:14 (1835).
Spergularia macrotheca Hev. Rob. in Gray Syn. Fl. 1^:252
(1897).
Perennial, rather stout, often 60 cm. high, decumbent at base,
glabrous below, pubescent above, the calyx more or less tomentose:
leaves fleshy, 2.5-10 cm. long, with large ovate stipules: flowers large,
subracemose ; pedicels 1.3-3.8 cm. long, becoming reflexed : sepals
9 mm. long or more, equalling or exceeding the petals : capsule ovoid,
a little exceeding the calyx, seeds smooth, narrowly winged.
Rocky talus near the sea. April to August. Lyon list (as Lepigonum ula-
crothecum) ; Brandegee (Gray, Field) ; Pendleton 1362; Reed 2814; talus east
of Avalon, Nuttall 290. SAND SPURREY.
2. T. Clevelandi Greene, Fl. Fr. 127 (1891).
Spergularia Clevelandi Proc. Am. Acad. 29 :3io ( 1894)
Prostrate, slender, very diffuse, forming deep green mats 30-60 cm.
broad ; herbage slightly pubescent and moderately viscid ; leaves nar-
rowly linear, the fascicled ones subulate, all equalHng or exceeding
the internodes: flowers in terminal cymes only, small (1.7cm. broad),
pure white.
Waste grounds away from the immediate sea influence. February to June.
.\valon Valley. Smith 50'!'2; Beckzvith 5; Millsp. 4724; Nuttall 166.
3. T. salina (Presl.) Britton. Bull. Torr. 16:126 (1889).
Spergularia salina Presl. Fl. Cech. 93 (1819).
Arenaria rubra marina Linn. Sp. PI. 606 ( 1753) .
Stout, erect or ascending, smooth or glandular-pubescent ; capsule
5-8 mm. long at maturity; pedicels short (seldom more than twice this
length) ; seeds smooth, margined or marginless, or roughened with
projecting points or processes, several kinds sometimes found within
the same capsule; leaves often much clustered in the axils.
Brackish mud flats. April to June. Brandegee list; vicinity of Avalon,
Smith 5002; dried mud of head of Catalina Harbor, Millsp. 48^3; Nuttall 214,
578. SEA SPURREY.
5. POLYCARPON L.
Sepals entire, scarious upon the margin. Petals small, hyaline.
Stamens 3-5. Ovary i-celled: style short, 3-cleft. Capsule 3-valved.
I02 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
several-seeded. Low diffuse dichotomously branched annuals; leaves
flat; stipules small, scarious; flowers small, cymose.
I. P. depressumNutt. T. &Gr. Fi. N. A. 1:174 (1838).
Very small and much branched, scarcely 2.6 cm. high, slender and
glabrous ; leaves narrowly spatulate, in pairs ; stipules small and nar-
row : flowers minute, in loose cymes, the pedicels with small bracts ;
petals narrow, much shorter than the sepals, entire : capsule globose,
6-i2-seeded.
Sandy soil of lower altitudes. March to June. Brandegee list; Gran{ W3S;
"break-off" east of .A.valon, Pendleton 1407 ; Reed 2841.
Family 7. CARYOPHYLLACE^.
PINK FAMILY
Annual or perennial herbs, with watery sap and usually erect
stems swollen at the nodes. Leaves opposite, often with connate bases;
stipules none. Flowers perfect, polygamous or rarely dioecious. Calyx
of 4 or 5 united sepals forming a toothed tube. Corolla often showy,
of 4 or 5 petals with narrow claws. Stamens usually twice as many as
the petals ; filaments usually distinct, inserted like the corolla and
I -celled ovary on the columnar prolongation of the receptacle. Pistil
I, compound. Styles 2-5. Ovules numerous. Fruit a capsule opening
by 2-5 apical valves. Seeds many or rarely few, with the embryo
straight or nearly so.
I. SILENE L.
Herbs, with mainly pink, red or white flowers. Calyx more or less
inflated, 5-toothed or 5-cleft, lo-many-nerved, not bracted at the base.
Petals 5, narrow, clawed. Stamens 10. Styles 3 (rarely 4 or 5) J
ovary 1 -celled, or incompletely 2-4-celled. Pod dehiscent by 6 or
rarely 3 apical teeth. Seeds mainly spiny or tubercled.
Calyx about 20 nerved. i. multinervia.
Calyx about 10 nerved.:
Internodes not glandular, flowrers racemose. 2. anglica.
Internodes banded-glandular, flowers paniculate. 3. antirrhina.
I. S. multinervia Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 25 :i26 (1890).
Annual, erect, sparingly branched, glandular-pubescent, about a
foot high : leaves linear to linear-oblong, acute, the lowermost narrowly
oblanceolate, 2.6-5.1 cm. long: inflorescence dichotomously cymose;
bracts linear: calyx narrowly ovate, 20-25-nerved, 10.5-12.7mm. long.
Flora of Santa Catalin a island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 103
the acuminate teeth usually purple-tipped; petals purplish, scarcely
equalling the calyx, without appendages or auricles, emarginate : fila-
ments glabrous, included : capsule nearly sessile, oblong-ovate, in-
cluded : seeds minute, tuberculate, not crested.
Hillsides in dry situations. March to May. This species is doubtless in
the flora, but has not been found by us. Brandegee lists it as such and also as
S. conoidea, S quinquevnlnera? and S. qiiadrivulnera. CATCHFLY.
2. S. anglica Linn. Sp. PI. 416 (1753).
Silene gallica Linn. ibid. 417.
Annual, hirsute-pubescent; stem 3.3-6.8 dm. high. Leaves spatu-
late or oblanceolate, 2.6-5.1 cm. long, obtuse, sometime mucronate, or
the upper narrower and acute; flowers in a terminal simple i -sided
raceme, nearly sessile or the lower ones distant and longer-pedicelled,
sometimes all distinctly pedicelled; calyx lo-nerved, villous, 8.4-10.5
mm. long, much enlarged by the ripening pod, its teeth lanceolate,
spreading; petals white, somewhat longer than the calyx.
Established on rough hill and canyon sides. February to June. Brandegee
list ; Pebble Beach Canyon, Millsp. 4688; vicinity of Avalon on School House
Ridge, along the Coach Road and Equestrian Trail, NiittaH 40, 1^8. 286. ENG-
LISH CATCHFLY.
3. S. antirrhina Linn. Sp. PI. 419 (1753).
Annual, puberulent or glabrous, glutinous about the nodes, 2-7 dm.
high. Basal and lower leaves spatulate or oblanceolate, 2-5 cm. long,
narrowed into a petiole ; upper leaves linear to subulate ; inflorescence a
loose cymose panicle ; pedicels slender, erect ; flowers pink, 2-4 mm.
broad ; calyx narrowly ovoid, 4-6 mm. long, much expanded by the
ripening pod, its teeth ovate, acute ; petals obcordate, minutely crowned.
Hillsides. April to July. Brandegee list. We have seen no Catalina speci-
men of this species, though the report of its presence in the flora is doubtless
correct. SLEEPY CATCHFLY.
Order 7. RANALES.
Herbs, shrubs or trees. Calyx present, usually of separate sepals.
Corolla usually present and of separate petals. Ovary or ovaries
superior, free from the calyx; carpels i to many, usually separate.
Stamens mostly hypogynous and more numerous than the sepals.
Family i. RANUNCULACE^.
BUTTERCUP FAMILY
Herbs, or rarely climbing shrubs, with acrid sap. Leaves alternate
(except in Clematis and Atragene) . Stipules usually none, but the
base of the petiole often sheathing. Pubescene, when present, com-
posed of simple hairs. Sepals 3-15, generally caducous, often petal-like.
104 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
imbricate, except in Clematis and Atragenc. Petals about the same
number (occasionally more) or wanting. Stamens oo, hypogynous,
their anthers innate. Carpels oo or rarely solitary, i -celled, i-many-
ovtiled. Ovules? anatropous. Fruit achenes follicles or berries. Seeds
with endosperm.
Carpels several-ovuled ; fruit a follicle. i. Delphinium.
Carpel-s i-ovuled, fruit an achene :
Achenes long tailed, petals none, climbers. 2. Clematis.
Achenes not tailed, petals present, low herbs. 3. Ranunculus.
I. DELPHINIUM Linn.
Erect branching herbs, with racemose or paniculate showy flowers.
Leaves palmately lobed or divided. Sepals 5, the posterior one pro-
longed into a spur. Petals 2 or 4, small, the two posterior ones spurred,
the lateral, when present, small. Carpels few. sessile many-ovuled,
forming follicles at maturity.
Flowers many, dark purplish-blue. i. Parryi.
Flowers few, pink or white. 2. hesperium.
1. D. Parryi Gray? Bot. Gaz. 12 153 (1887).
Stems commonly simple, 3.3-8 dm. high, arising from a short
caudex crowning several woody-fibrous roots ; herbage minutely puber-
ulent; leaves twice divided and redivided into narrowly linear lobes,
the lobes usually elongated, acute, 12.7 mm. -6.3 cm. long, and often
arcuate-contorted; upper leaves often pedately 5-divided into filiform
lobes ; racemes virgate, often cylindric, sometimes loose, strict, 10.1-35-8
cm. long ; pedicels mostly 8.4-25 mm. long or the lower longer ; flowers
blue or light purplish, rarely white-flowered ; sepals 12. 7-16.9 mm. long,
equaling the spur, one and a half to two times as long as the petals ;
follicles puberulent, 10.5-12.7mm. long; seeds with loosely cellular
whitish margin to the angles.
Moister grassy slopes and canyon bottoms. May to June. Trask (as
D. scopulorum) ; Brandcgee: ridge between Rock Spring and Rock Falls Can-
yons, Smith 5106; Pebble Beach Road, Nuttall 208; Knopf 79, 103; Pebble
Beach Canyon, Nuttall 276, Knopf 141; Schoolhouse Ridge, Nuttall 34; Middle
Ranch Canyon, Nuttall 300. LARKSPUR.
The status of these plants, and those referred to the next species, is provis-
ional only. The Pacific Slope Delphiniums await the consideration of a dis-
criminating monographist who can work over the material of all herbaria.
2. D. hesperium Gray? /rfe«t.
Stem commonly simple, 1.6-9.1 dm. high, arising from a cluster
of thick-fibrous roots or a single woody taproot; herbage shortly
pubescent; leaves 2 to 3 times palmately cleft into oblong or linear
.spreading segments; raceme rather dense, vigrate, 15-33 cm. ^oi^gJ
pedicels 4.2-12 mm. long, or the lowest 2.6 cm., strictl)' erect; flowers
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 105
commonly blue, rarely pink or white or intermediate shades ; sepals
8-12 mm. long, equaled or exceeded by the straight spur, somewhat
densely puberulent on the outside or the alternate ones with a rather
definite puberulent band ; petals little shorter than the sepals ; follicles
short-oblong, 6-10 or 14 m.m, long, pubescent ; seeds with a loose cellu-
lar whitish coat, which is produced into narrow wings on the angles.
Moister grassy slopes. May. Pebble Beach Canyon, Nuttall 499, 694, Knopf
142. Quite possibly only a race of the preceeding species, with few pink or
white flowers.
2. CLEMATIS Linn.
Climbing vines, more or less woody. Leaves opposite, slender-
petioled. pinnately conipound. Flowers cymose-paniculate, our species
dioecious, or nearly so. Sepals 4 or 5, valvate in the bud, spreading,
petaloid. Petals none. Stamens numerous, spreading; filaments
mostly glabrous; anthers short, blunt. Pistils numerous. Achenes
I -seeded. Style long, persistent, plumose.
I . C. ligusticifolia Nutt. T. & Gr. Fl. N. A. i -.9 (1838).
C. ligusticifolia calif ornica Wats. Bot. Calif, i :3 (1880).
A trailing and climbing vine, nearly glabrous. Leaves pinnately
5-foliolate, the lower pair of leaflets generally remote from the upper;
leaflets oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acute and sometimes acuminate at
the apex, rounded or cuneate at the base, toothed, lobed or divided ;
flowers white, in leafy panicles, 12-18 mm. broad when expanded, the
stamens about equalling the sepals ; filaments glabrous ; persistent styles
plumo.se throughout, nearly white, 2.6-5.1 cm. long.
Shadier canyon bottoms. July to September. Lyon; Trask ; Brandegee :
Big Wash Canyon, Nuttall 877; Pebble Beach Canyon, Knopf 245; Middle Ranch
Canyon, Millsp. 4579. Nuttall 306, 654, Knopf 2m, 2-^7; Eagles Nest, Nuttall 849.
VIRGIN'S BOWER. VERBA DE CHIVATO.
3. RANUNCULUS Linn.
Annual or perennial herbs, with alternate simple entire lobed or
divided or dissected leaves, and yellow white or red flowers. Sepals
mostly 5, deciduous. Petals equal in number or more, conspicuous or
minute, provided with a nectariferous pit and a scale at the base of
the blade. Carpels indefinite, i-ovuled. Achenes capitate or spicate,
generally flattened, smooth, papillose or echinate, tipped with a minute
or an elongated style.
I. R. hebecarpus H. & A. Bot. Beech. 316 (1841).
Somewhat pilose, with spreading hairs, densely so when young:
io6 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
stems ascending, slender, 15-20 cm. high: lower leaves ternate or 3-
parted ; the leaflets cuneate at base, and 2-3-lobed ; upper ones more
divided; petals 5, 2-2.1 mm. long: sepals hairy, about equalling the
petals : akenes few in a head, 2 mm. or less long, rounded, flat, the
sides rough with short scattered hairs : heads globular, 4.2 mm. in
diameter.
In moist, shady places in canyons, infrequent. May. Trask (in herb.
N. Y.) ; in a gulley at the sharp angle of the Equestrian Trail, Millsp., Nut tall
r6r. BUTTERCUP.
Order 8. PAPAVERALES.
Mostly herbs with clustered, regular and perfect flowers. I^etals,
with very rare exceptions, present and separate. Sepals usually
separate. Stamens hypogynous. Ovary superior, free from the calyx,
compound, composed of two or more united carpels.
Sepals 2 (very rarely 3 or 4) ; endosperm
fleshy. Earn. i. Papaveraceae.
Sepals, or calyx segments, 4-8 ; endosperm none :
Capsule i-celled, of 2-6 carpels:
Style short or wanting:
Stipules deciduous. Earn. 2. Capparidaceae.
Stipules glandular. Earn. 3. Resedaceae.
Capsule 2-celled by a longitudinal
partition. Fam. 4. Brassicaceae.
Family i. PAPAVERACE^.
POPPY FAMILY
Herbs or low shrubs (rarely trees) with milky juice; alternate
leaves, often rosulate at the base and subopposite near the flowers;
astipulate. Inflorescence terminal or superaxillary, solitary or race-
mose. Flowers hermaphrodite, regular, hypogynous ; sepals 2-3, free
(calyptrate in Eschscholtzia), imbricate, caducous; petals 4-6 or
rarely more, free, biseriate, early deciduous. Stamens many, rarely
of definite number, 2-6-meris ; filaments mostly filiform; anthers bi-
locular. Ovary free, of 2-20 carpels ; ovules many, anatropous or
campylotropous ; styles simple or wanting ; stigmas as many as the
carpels. Fruit a capsule; seeds globose to subreniform, pitted or
reticulate.
Eruits in clusters moniliform. i. Platvstemon.
Emits single:
Siliquose :
Dehiscent from the base. 2. Dendromecon.
Dehiscent from the placental ribs. 3. Esch.scholtzia.
Capsular. 4. Papaver.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 107
1. PLATYSTEMON Benth.
Low annual herbs branching from the leafy base, glaucescent or
hirsute. Leaves linear or oblong-lanceolate, apex acute or obtuse,
entire, sessile, 3-5 nerved. Flowers solitary on slender, elongate
peduncles ; sepals 3, ovate, pilose ; petals 6, yellowish, rarely persistent.
Stamens numerous, unequal ; filaments dilated at the apex, subpetaloid ;
anthers oval or linear, 2-celled, laterally dehiscent ; ovaries 6-20,
distinct, linear ; stigmas sessile, linear with a hairy line on the inner
surface. Capsules nearly distinct, torulose or moniliform ; seeds
smooth or sculptured, pendulous, solitary in each cell, brown.
1 . P. cernuus Greene Pitton. 5 : 193 ( 1903) .
A decumbent, branching, leafy herb 8-18 cm. high; branches
pilose, hairs long, white. Leaves linear, 2.5-4.5 cm., obtuse, pilose.
Peduncles erect (those of the buds nodding), slender, lax-pilose;
flowers white to cream, about 1.75-2 cm. diameter, rotate; petals
obovate, short-clawed. Filaments all triangulo-obcuneate, attenuated
to filiform below about i mm., broad above and slightly obcordate,
about 6 times as long as the anthers. Stigmas radiant, filiform, hairy.
Follicles 10-12, noniUform, about 1.25 cm. long in fruit, with 5-6 short,
slightly nerved, indistinctly tuberculate articulations.
Grassy hillsides plentiful where found. March to April. Brandegee;
Trask (N. Y., Field, U. S., listed as P. calif ornicus Benth.) ; slopes at head of
Gallagher's Canon, Millsp. 4878. CREAM CUPS.
Dr. Greene's original description is faulty in regard to "filaments linear"
and "carpels villous-hirsute above the middle" ; the type is as described above.
2. DENDROMECON Benth.
A smooth, branching shrub without latex. Leaves alternate,
leathery, entire or subdenticulate. Flowers solitary, large, yellow.
Sepals 2, hemispheric, concave, caducous. Petals 4. Stamens many ;
filaments fihform, short; anthers linear. Ovary linear-oblong; stigmas
2, sessile, short, thickish, erect. Capsule elongate, attenuate, i -celled,
2-valved splitting throughout into 2, strong, woody valves ; placentae
marginal, filiform. Seeds many, large, pyriform or sub-globose.
Flowering peduncles not equalling the leaves :
Leaves thin, lax, not reticulate. i. rhamnoides.
Leaves thick, firm, somewhat reticulate. 2, arborea.
I. D. rhamnoides Greene Pitton 5 1305 (1905).
Tree 1.5-6 m. high, branches drooping. Leaves large, 5-10 cm.
long, broadly, oblong or oval, obtuse, with very prominent mucro, not
coriaceous but thin like Rhamnus Purshiana, not reticulate, margin
entire. Peduncles not half the length of the leaves. Corolla about
io8 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
3.75 cm. broad. Pods about 7.5 cm. long. Seeds usually small, some-
what pyriform, reticulations coarse and distinct.
Dry soil of ridges. In flower the year around. Near the Isthmus. Dall &
Raker (1874) (Gray, U. S., Field), reported by Fedde in Pflanzenreich 40:143,
We have not met with the species.
2. D. arborea idem.
Tree 1.5-6 m. high with a trunk up to 3dm. diameter. Leaves,
rigid, coriaceous, glaucous, 4cm.xi7mm. to 5x2.5 cm. elliptic, acutish,
stoutly mucronate ; margin entire but with scattered suggestions of
teeth as represented by a minute roughness ; very faintly if at all retic-
ulate. Peduncles scarcely as long as the leaves ; flowers 5.5-6.5 cm.
broad. Pods 8-10 cm. long, tipped by the large, persistent stigma;
seeds densely lenticulo-rugose in parallel lines.
On dry ridges and volcanic cliffs. In flower the year around. Trask (N.
Y., U. S., Field) ; I have seen but two trees, 2-3.5 ni. high, between Rowland's
and Johnson's Landing. March 17, 1920, Millsp. 4815; Knopf 18^, 184, 186. TREE
POPPY.
D. rigida Benth. is credited to Catalina by Lyon and by Brandegee
(Zoe 1:46; 1:132 with synonyms D. Harfordii and D. flexile), the
Brandegee specimen in this herbarium and in the U. S. Natl, herb.,
is plainly D. arborea Greene. Mrs. Trask refers her observations
doubtfully to D. Harfordii Kell. (Erythr. 7:145), her remarks how-
ever lead me to judge that she had Dr. Greene's D. rhamnoides under
observation, she says: "Very rare I have seen but 18 trees
during all my trips about the island," she indicates a leaning habit for
the species and that it required support to gain large growth as it is
"very brittle." Dr. Jepson records (Field Notes MSS.) a conversa-
tion with Mrs. Trask in which she stated: "A distinct tree, with a
trunk a foot in diameter. The crown usually bends over, especially
when large : it can not hold its head erect. There are no young poppy
trees on the island and no seedlings" ; he adds : "I think she added 'no
crown sprouts' "
D. flexile Greene, Dr. Greene says (Pitton, 5:306) : "A species
which also seems to inhabit Catalina." An unauthenticated state-
ment.
3. ESCHSCHOLTZIA Cham.
Weak; more or less glabrous and glaucous herbs, from a strong,
elongated, tap-root ; without latex. Leaves alternate, pinnately
dissected and multifid the segments mostly narrow and linear. Flowers
solitary, yellov*^ or orange, generally long-peduncled ; sepals 2, mar-
ginally coherent in a deciduous, pointed calypter cleaving away from
a more or less collared torus ; petals 4, borne on the torus. Stamens
numerous ; filaments short ; anthers linear. Ovary linear-cylindric
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 109
with 2, nerve-like placentae; style short; stigmas divided into 4-6
linear, unequal, divergent lobes. Capsule elongate, lo-nerved, i-
celled, dehiscent by 2 valves separating from placental ribs. Seeds
globose, reticulate or tuberculate. California poppy.
Calypter elongate-conical :
Tip terete. i. Wrigleyana.
Tip tapering. 2. calif ornica.
Calypter short-ovoid. 3. elegans.
1. E. Wrigleyana sp. nov. (Plate i, Frontispiece).
Herba, perennis ?, radice principali longa gravique ; glaucescens,
ad basim demum plus minusve ramosa. Folia ad aetatis gradum
juvenilem florescentem multa et omnia e radice orta, 10-19 cm. longa ;
laminis quam petiolis circ. dimidio brevioribus, 4-pinnatifidis ;
pinnis 5, rursus 5-partitis, segmentis ultimis lanceolato-spathulatis
acutis in bina vel trina adgregatis. Pedunculus floris centralis 18 cm.
longus, ei florum ramorum seriorum 10-12 cm. longi, omnes 8-costati ;
toro campanulato 5-8 mm. longo, limbo libero panso foliaceo. circ.
4 mm. lato; calyce (calyptro) conico, 2.5-3 cm. longo et ad basim
12 mm. lato, sensim in rostrum abruptum tenue teres circ. 5 mm,
longum angustato. Petala aurantiaco-flava, late flabelliformis,
5x5cm. flore panso ii-i2cm. lato. Stamina circ. 24; filamentis
brevibus, ligulatis, purpureis, 5 mm. longis ; antheris lineari-oblongis,
I cm. longis. Styli plerumque 4 in jugis inaequalibus, infra sepe cor-
poribus stylorum usque ad 4 abortivorum obsiti, marginibus latis
stigmaticis alatoideis comparati.
I take pleasure in dedicating this striking species to Mr. William
Wrigley, Jr., who forwarded our vi^ork on this Flora through many
courtesies extended to our collectors. He also materially aided us in
our search through herbaria at Cambridge, Nev^r York and Wash-
ington.
Two young plants only seen not found later. Among the coarse pebbles
of the arrova at the mouth of Big Wash Caiion, March 24, 1920, Millsp. 4854,
WRIGLEY'S POPPY.
Near E. crocea Benth. (an interior valley species) but all known characters
larger and apparently quite distinct. It also differs in presenting, at first, a
scapiform flower. By far the most gorgeous of all the Eschscholtzias.
2. E. califomica Cham. Nees. Hor. Phys. Ber. 73 (1820)
Stems scapose or leafy, erect or diffuse, 22.9 cm. -6.8 dm. high;,
basal leaves temately several times dissected into linear or oblong
segments, on long or short petioles, the whole leaf 10. i cm.-3.3 dm.
long; cauline smaller on short petioles; peduncles 5.1 or 7.6-15.3 cm.
long; petals fan-shaped, I2.7mm.-5.i cm. long, varying from deep
orange or copper-color to straw color; outer spreading rim of the
receptacle commonly 1.05-4.2 mm. wide, the inner erect rim hyaline;
capsule 2.6-7.6 or even 10. i cm. long.
I lo Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Grassy hillsides general. March to May. Trask; Ridge between Rock
Falls and Rock Spring Canons, Moxley 692; Slopes of Mt. Martha, Millsp.
4846, Nuttall 121 ; Hamilton Canon, Millsp. 4702; between Rowland's and John-
son's Landings, Millsp. 4816; upper Pebble Beach Road, Knopf 72, 86.
3. E. elegans Greene Bull. Calif. Acad.i : 182 (1885).
An annual, erect herb, 3-6 dm. high, very leafy especially toward
the base and with numerous long, ascending and somewhat naked
branches. Leaves glabrous, glaucescent, compact, cut into very many,
almost parallel, oblong-linear to linear, acutish segments. Torus
narrowly campanulate ; crown narrow, purplish. Calyx calypter
scarcely 12 mm. long, short-ovoid, tip deltoid, apiculate. Corolla
rotate, about 2.5 cm. wMde. Stamens 16-20 ; filaments and anthers
often about equal in length. Pods slender, about 9 cm. long, thin-
walled ; seeds oval, mucronate at both ends, not reticulate, indistinctly
tuberculate.
Grassy hillsides and drier situations. April to July. Hillsides near Avalon.
Smith 4972, Nuttall 27 ; slopes of mountain beyond Pebble Beach, Millsp. 4847,
Nutiall 690; hillside near Middle Ranch, Nuttall 656. Elevated rocky slopes,
Brandegee (1889) listed as E. calif ornica Cham.; on high, dry hills of the Hay
Press Trail, Airs. Trask (1895) listed as E. ramosa Greene; hillside near Hamil-
ton Beach, Millsp. 4897; hillside along Pebble Beach Road and on the west
hillside and Catalina Harbor, Nuttall 68, 256.
We include here E. crossophylla and E. ramosa.
4. PAPAVER Linn.
Sap milky. Leaves lobed or dissected, alternate. Flowers and
flower-buds nodding. Sepals 2 or occasionally 3. Petals 4-6. Stamens
indefinite Anthers extrorse. Ovules indefinite borne on numerous
internally-projecting placentae. Stigmas united into a radiate persistent
disk. Capsule globose, obovoid, or oblong, dehiscent near the summit.
Seeds marked with minute depressions.
1. P. heterophyllum Greene, Pitton. i : 168 (1888).
Meconopsis heterophylla Benth. Trans. Hort. Soc. 2. i 408
^1835).
A glabrous or sparsely pilose-pubescent annual herb, 3-6 dm.
high, simple or branching. Leaves somewhat succulent, pinnately
parted or divided, mostly petioled. Peduncles slender. Petals 1-2 cm.
long, orange-red. Capsule obovate to turbinate, dehiscent by 8 opcr-
cules.
Moist, shady situations in cations. March to April. Mrs. Trask, who says
on her specimen in U. S. Natl. Herb. 340154: "Seldom met with;'" Knopf col-
lects it on the hillside of the first right hand branch of Pebble Beach Canyon, 39.
WIND POPPY.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall hi
Family 2. CAPPARIDACE^.
caper family
Herbs or shrubs with pungent or acrid watery juice, simple or
palmately compound alternate leaves and axillary or terminal, mostly
regular, flowers. Sepals 4. Petals 4. sessile or clawed. Stamens
usually 6, equal, inserted on the receptacle ; anthers oblong, longitud-
inally dehiscent. Ovary sessile or usually stipitate, i-celled; ovules
many, borne on parietal placentae. Fruit a capsule or berry ; seeds
mostly reniform : endosperm none ; cotyledons somewhat coiled.
I. ISOMERIS Nutt.
Tree-like shrubs 8-18 dm. high, much branched and spreading.
Leaves crowded, 3-foliate. Inflorescence in dense, terminal racemes.
Sepals united below, somewhat spreading, marcescent. Petals 4,
oblong, sessile, regular, torus fleshy, subhemispherical, produced into
a small, dilated appendage on the upper side. Stamens 6, filaments
equal, much exserted. Ovary borne on a long stipe. Capsule inflated,
coriaceous, indehiscent, stipitate, crowned with the persistent style.
Seeds large, several on each parietal placenta ; cotyledons incum-
bently incur\-ed.
I. I. arboreaNutt. T. &Gr. Fl. N. A. 1:124 (1838).
A spreading, much branched shrub the young parts minutely
pubescent. Leaflets lanceolate, mucronulate, glabrous. Calyx cam-
panulate the lobes ovate-triangular, acuminate. Petals slightly spread-
ing, ovate, blunt. Ovary elongate-pyriform ; style short; stigma
minute. Capsule inflated, fusiform. var\'ing as to its length in propor-
tion to the stipe. Seeds globular-ovoid, reddish-brown, mottled,
I0XT2 mm.
Sea cliffs and dry hillsides. In bloom the year around ; in best fruit in
September and October. Brandcgee ; Trask ; sea cliffs near Avalon. Grant 615,
Hall 8282, Eastwood 6446, Pendleton 1350, Grant 615, Smith 5033, Millsp. 4520,
Nuttall 66, 839; Cottonwood Canon, Nuttall 855; Isthmus, hillside near Catalina
Harbor. Millsp. 4S2S, Nuttall 908, Silver Canyon, 749; Blake 96S, Knopf 0.
BLADDER-POD. CAPER BUSH.
There are several races of the species both on the mainland and on Cata-
lina, they do not differ sufficiently to merit varietal rank. Isomeris arborea
globosa, Coville (Proc. Biol Soc. Wash. 7:73 (1892) (is however specifically
distinct, as suggested bj' Heller (/. globosa Heller Xfuhlenb. 2:50 1905) who
collected it at Coville's station, Caliente, Kern Co., Calif. Specimens from the
coast region that have been credited to globosa are, however, arborea so far as
we have seen them.* The ovary and pod of /. globosa are abrupt at the base,
not narrowed to the stipe as in arborea; the seed of the former is golden-
yellow and not mottled, it is also larger (11 x 15 mm.) ; the peduncle of the
flower fully a third longer than in arborea, the petals broader and the style
shorter.
*See Frythea 6 :88 ; Bull. N. Y. Bot. Card. 6 :364. Note also F. E. & E. S.
Clements' specimen from La Jolla, Calif. No. 24, a station from which I also
collected the species. Millsp. 443S.
1 12 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Family 3. RESEDACEiE.
RESEDA FAMILY
Herbs with simple alternate leaves and gland-like stipules.
Flowers racemose, perfect, irregular. 4-7. Petals 2-7, laciniate.
Stamens indefinite, borne (usually) on the inside of a fleshy disk
which is enlarged on the upper side. Pistil superior, composed of 3-6
carpels, i -celled, with 3-6 parietal placentae; Fruit dehiscent at the
apex before the seeds are mature. Stigmas 3-6, minute, sessile.
Disk present, petals 4. i. Reseda.
Disk absent, petals 2. 2. Oligomeris.
I. RESEDA Linn.
Petals 4, toothed or cleft at the border. Stamens 8-30. Capsule
3-6-lobed, horned. Other characters as in the family.
I. R. odorata Linn. Syst. ed. X : 1046 (1759).
Stems decumbent or ascending, 1.5-2.5 dm. high. Leaves spatu-
late-oblong, entire. Raceme broad and somewhat open. Flowers very
fragrant, about 4 mm. broad, greenish-white. Anthers brick-red.
A Mediterranean and garden species plentifully established at various points
on the grassy slopes of Avalon, Descanso and Hamilton Canons. March to
May. East slope of Descanso Canon, Millsp. 4914. MIGNONETTE.
2. OLIGOMERIS Cambess.
Mostly annuals, low and glaucous with entire, linear leaves and
small greenish flowers in terminal spikes. Stamens usually 4. Petals
2, posterior free or united at the base, persistent, entire or 2-3-lobed.
Disk wanting. Ovary 4-angled, 4-beaked. Capsule 4-grooved, many-
seeded.
I. O. glaucescens Cambess. Jacquem. Voy. 4 :t. 25 (1844).
O. subulata Webb Frag. Fl. Aeth. 26 ( 1854) .
Annual or biennial, 15-25 cm. high, branching at the base the
branches ascending. Leaves somewhat sarcous, often fascicled,
1-2 cm. long. Spikes terminal, elongate, the branches stem-like and
bracteate, densely flowered. Petals oblong, obscurely lobed, posterior.
Stamens 3, posterior. Capsule depressed-globose, 3 mm. in diameter,
4-lobed, 4-cuspidate. Seeds smooth.
An apparently indigenous species abundant on the Channel Islands, grow-
ing in saline situations. March to June. Listed by Brandcgee and by Lyon
from Catalina. We have not met with the plant. MIGNONETTE.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugii & Nuttall i 1 3
Family 4. BRASSICACE^.
MUSTARD FAMILY
Herbs, rarely somewhat woody, with acrid watery sap, alternate
leaves and racemose or corymbose flowers. Sepals 4, deciduous- or
rarely persistent the two outer narrow, the inner similar or concave,
or saccate at the base. Petals 4, hypogynous, cruciate, nearly equal,
generally clawed. Stamens 6, rarely fewer, hypogynous, tetradyna-
mous. Pistil i, compound, consisting of 2, united carpels, the parietal
placentae united by a dissepiment ; style generally persistent, some-
times absent ; stigma discoid or usually more or less 2-lobed. Fruit a
silique or silicle, generally 2-celled, rarely i -celled, in a few genera
indehiscent. Seeds attached to both sides of the septum; endosperm
none ; cotyledons incumbent, accumbent or conduplicate.
Pods not elongated ; short linear or orbicular :
Pubescence stellate or forked ;
Pods dehiscent.
Flat, obcordate.
I. Bursa.
Linear-oblong.
2. Sophia.
Pubescence simple or wanting:
Pods dehiscent.
Lenticulo-orbicular.
3. KONIGIA.
Ovate to ovate-cordate.
4. Lepidium.
Cylindric.
5. Sisymbrium.
Pods indehiscent, flat, orbicular.
6. Thysanocarpus.
Pods elongated, terete :
Short beaked, not turgid ;
Somewhat constricted between the seeds.
Short stipitate.
7. Thelypodium.
Sessile.
8. C.\RDAMINE.
Not constricted, long terete.
9. NORTA.
Long beaked, turgid.
Dehiscent.
10. Brassica.
Indehiscent.
II. Raphanus.
I. BURSA Weber.
Annual or winter-annual erect herbs, pubescent with forked hairs ;
basal leaves tufted. Flowers racemose, small, white. Silicles cuneate,
obcordate or triangular, compressed at right angles with the septum,
the valves boat-shaped, keeled. Style short. Seeds numerous, margin-
less ; cotyledons accumbent.
I. B. Bursa-pastoris (L.) Britton Mem. Torr. Club 5 : 172 (1894).
Capsella Bursa-pastoris Medic. Pfl. Gatt. 1:85 (1792).
Thlaspi Bursa-pastoris Linn. Sp. PI. 647 ( 1753) .
Erect, branching, 1.5-2.5 dm. high from a long, deep root, pubes-
cent below generally glabrous above. Basal leaves more or less pin-
natifid or lobed forming a flat rosette, rarely entire 5-12 cm. long;
stem-leaves few, lanceolate, auricled, dentate or entire. Flowers white.
114 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
about 2 mm. long; pedicels slender, spreading or ascending, 10-15 mm.
long in fruit. Pods triangulo-obcordate tipped with the short, per-
sistent style, about 4-8 mm. long; seeds 10-12 in each cell.
Dry, open situations. February to November. Trask (N. Y., Field) ;
Brandegee; Lyon; Avalon, on the Golf Course, Millsp. 4519. SHEPHERD'S
PURSE.
2. SOPHIA Adans.
Annual or perennial herbs (some exotic species shrubby), canes-
cent or pubescent with short forked hairs, with slender branching
stems, 2-pinnatifid or finely dissected leaves, and small yellow flowers
in terminal racemes, the racemes much elongating in fruit. Calyx
early deciduous. Style verj' short; stigma simple. Siliques linear or
linear-oblong, slender-pedicelled, the valves i -nerved. Seeds ver\-
small, oblong, wingless, in i or 2 rows in each cell ; cotyledons- in-
cumbent.
I. S. pinnata (Walt) Howell Fl. N. W. Am. i -.56 (1897}.
Erysimum pinnatum Walt. Fl. Carol. 174 (1788).
Sisymbrium canescens Nutt. Gen. 2 :68 ( 1818) .
Glabrate, somewhat canescent with branched hairs or densely so ;
stem erect, branched, 2-14 dm. high, slender, the branches ascending.
Leaves 5-10 cm. long, oblong in general outline, bipinnatifid into ver}'
numerous, small toothed or entire, obtuse segments. Pedicels very
slender, spreading to nearly right angles to the axis, 1.15 cm. long.
Flowers 2-3 mm. broad. Pods horizontal or ascending, oblong or
linear-oblong, compressed, 6-8 mm. long by 2 mm. broad, glabrous or
somewhat canescent ; style minute. Seeds plainly in 2 rows in each
cell.
Dry situations. March to July. Brandegee ; Pacific slope beyond the sum-
mit of the Equestrian Trail, Millsp. 4775; on the Equestrian Trail at 1000 ft.
alt.. Nuttall 328; Avalon Hill. Kjiopf 429. HEDGE MUSTARD.
3. KONIGIA Adans.
Perennial herbs or shrubs, pubescent, or canescent with forked
hairs. Leaves entire. Flowers small, white, in terminal racemes;
petals obovate, entire. Filaments slender, not toothed but with 2 small
glands at the base. Pods compressed, oval or orbicular. Seeds i in
each cell ; cotyledons accumbent.
I. K. maritima (L.) R. Rr. Denh. & Clapp Nar. Exp. Afr. 214
(1826).
Alyssum maritimnui Lam. Encyc. 1 198 (1783).
Clypeola maritima Linn. Sp. PI. 652 ( 1753) .
Procumbent or ascending, freely branching, 1-3 dm. high, minutely
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 115
pubescent with straight, appressed hairs. Stem-leaves nearly sessile,
lanceolate or linear 7-15 x 2-5 mm., basal-leaves oblanceolate, narrowed
to a petiole. Flowers white, fragrant, alx)Ut 4 mm. broad ; pedicels
ascending, 6-8 mm. long in fruit. Pods: glabrous, poinled, oval or
nearly orbicular, 2-3 mm. Calyx deciduous ; stamens not appendaged.
A European plant escaped from gardens. January to September. Estab-
lished in waste grounds in several situations near Avalon. Cliff edge. Mrs.
Trask (N. Y., Field), on the west hillside, Millsp. 4634- SWEET ALYSSUM.
4. LEPIDIUM Linn.
Erect or rarely diffuse herbs with piimatifid lobed or entire
itiaves and racemose white or whitish flowers. Stamens often fewer
than 6. Petals short, sometimes wanting. Pods oblong to orbicular,
flattened contrary to the partition, winged or wingless ; valves keeled,
dehiscent. Seeds soHtary in each cell, flattened ; cotyledons incum-
bent or rarely accumbent.
Pedicels flattened :
Pods strongly winged at apex :
Pods reticulate. r. latipes.
Pods not reticulate :
Pods hairy. 2. lasiocarpum.
Pods glabrous. 3. nitidum.
Pedicels terete :
Pods slightly winged at apex. 4. medium.
1 . L. latipes Hook. Ic. PL t. 41 ( 1837) .
A low, prostrate herb hispid with short, spreading hairs or the
leaves sometimes glabrous ; stems several, stout, simple 2.5-7 cm.
long; leaves exceeding the stems, irregularly and coarsely pinnatifid
the segments linear and entire or lobed. Racemes short and cylindrical-
capitate 2.5 cm. or less long in fruit ; pedicels 2-4 mm. ; sepals very
unequal ; petals broadly spatulate, ciliate, greenish-white 2-4 mm, long,
much exceeding the s«pals. Pod broadly oval, 4 mm. broad, spar-
ingly pubescent, strongly retictilatcd, the broad, acute wings nearly as
long as the pod.
Saline flats. March. Forming a close carpet in places on the flat at Pebble
Beach, Trask (N. Y., Field) ; Millsp. 4729.
2. L. lasiocarpum Nutt. T. & Gr. Fl. N. A. i : 1 15 (1838).
An erect or decumbent herb roughly pubescent or puberulent
with short, spreading hairs ; stems rather stout, branched, 7-25 cm.
high; lower leaves 7-10 cm. long, more or less ciliolate at least on the
petioles, pinnate, with ovate to oblong sparingly toothed segments ;
upper leaves 2.5-5 cm. long incisely pinnatifid, lobes narrow, or the
uppermost entire. Petals none or very small ; stamens 2 ; pods
rounded, 3-4.5 mm. broad, hispid on the margin winged at the apex,
with short, obtuse teeth, crowded in a narrow raceme on short,
ascending or horizontal pedicels.
ii6 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Among dry pebbles of arrojas and beaches. January to April. Dall &
Baker (Gray, Field) ; Trask (N. Y., Field) ; Brandegee* ; Catalina Harbor on
Ballast Point, Millsp. 4614, 4791- SMOOTH PEPPERGRASS.
3. L. nitidum Nutt. T. & Gr. idid 1 16.
An erect herb, glabrous or somewhat pubescent; stems simple
or branched, 6-24 cm. high ; leaves pinnately cut into narrow linear
acuminate segments, the uppermost often entire. Petals small. Pods
in a loose raceme, spreading, glabrous and mostly shining, rounded,
3-4.5 mm. broad, acutely and mostly colorate margined, the wings
short, obtuse and slightly spreading, pedicels 2-4 mm. long.
Dry, open, barren places. January to April. Brandegee. Avalon, on
Reservoir Hill ; on the flat at Pebble Beach ; Hay Press near the Coach Road ;
hillsides at the Isthmus, Millsp. 4906, 4476, 4678, 4625. HAIRY PEPPER-
GRASS.
4. L. medium Greene Erythr. 3 :36 (1895).
L. intermedium Gray PI. Wr. 2:15 (1853) not A. Rich. (1847).
An erect and branching herb with the general habit of L. virgini-
cum, 1.5-4 dm. high, glabrous or puberulent on the stems and branches.
Lower leaves 2.5-5 cni. long, toothed or pinnatifid, the upper oblong
or linear entire or indefinitely toothed. Petals wanting. Pods smooth
or rarely sHghtly puberulent, rounded, 2-3 mm. broad, very shortly
winged at apex ; pedicels spreading, about 4 mm. long.
Dry, open situations. April to May. Avalon, on the Golf Links, Nuttall 167.
Knopf 324.
5. SISYMBRIUM Linn.
An aquatic or uliginose herb with pinnately divided leaves and
small white flowers in terminal racemes. Pods linear to linear-oblong,
slender pedicelled, tipped with the rather stout style. Valves nerveless.
Seeds in 2 rows in each cell. Cotyledons accumbent.
I. S. Nasturtium-aquaticum Linn. Sp. PI. 657 (1753).
Nasturtium officinale R. Br. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 4:110 (1812).
Glabrous, branching, floating or creeping, rooting from the nodes.
Leaves pinnately divided into 3-9 segments the terminal larger, obtuse,
ovate or oval or the terminal lobe nearly orbicular. Racemes elongated
in fruit ; flowers 4-5 mm. broad ; petals twice the length of the calyx.
Pods slightly curved upward, 12-30x2 mm. on spreading pedicels
about half their length; seeds distinctly in 2 rows.
A European plant established in perpetual streamlets. July to September.
Brandegee; Middle Ranch Creek, Synith 511^. Nuttall 758, S96; Cottonwood
Creek near the mouth, Nuttall 852, Knopf 227. WATERCRESS.
*L. lasiophyllum (Brandegee misprint in his "Plants of Santa Rosa Island.")
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 117
6. THYSANOCARPUS Hook.
Erect, slender, sparingly branched annuals with minute, white or
rose-colored flowers in elongated racemes. Fruit mostly pendulous
on slender pedicels ; pods i -celled, indehiscent, plano-convex and greatly
compressed, orbicular, winged or margined, i -seeded. Seeds pendu-
lous, somewhat flattened, not alate.
I. T.laciniatusNutt.T.&Gr.Fl. N.A.I : 118 (1838).
A smooth, slender, somewhat glaucous' annual 2-4 dm. high.
Leaves rather thin not forming a rosette at the base, linear, entire or
deeply pinnatifid into narrow, linear segments ; upper leaves entire,
20-30 mm. long, 2-4 mm. wide, narrowed at the base. Racemes 10-25
cm. long. Pods orbicular or nearly so, 3-3.5 mm. in diameter including
the entire or shghtly and irregular crenate border, glabrous, pulveru-
lent or sometimes minutely pubescent; pedicels slender, spreading,
generally deflexed.
Dry, open situations. February to June. Trask (N. Y., Field) ; Brandegee! ;
Avalon Canon near the Golf Links, Millsp. 4721, 4731; Equestrian Trail, Nuttall
163, 1076. LACE-POD.
There appear to be many races of the species both on the island and the
main land, races that intermix in all characters sufficiently to exclude Dr.
Greene's T. affinis and T. rarnosus from specific distinction. Pringle's specimens
from "Mountains, San Diego Co." have the hirtellous pods of T. affinis, yet
they have the wide scarious margin of laciniatus and rarnosus. The leaf char-
acters are very various in all specimens that we have examined.
7. THELYPODIUM Endl.
Erect, glabrate, biennial or perennial herbs with simple,
entire, toothed or pinnatifid leaves and racemose white or purplish
flowers. Pods nearly terete, linear, with a short stipe in some
species ; valves nerved, dehiscent. Style short ; stigma nearly entire.
Seeds in one row in each cell, oblong, marginless. Cotyledons ob-
liquely incimibent.
I. T. lasiophyllum (Hook. & Arn.) Greene Bull. Torr. Club 13:142
(1886).
Turritis lasiophylla H. & A. Bot. Beech. 321 ( 1841 ) .
Sisymhrium reflexum Nutt. PI. Gambel. 183 (1848).
Erect, annual, simple or sparingly branched above the middle,
hispid below, often smoothish above. Leaves oblanceolate in general
outline, irregularly sinuate toothed or pinnatifid with spreading, acute,
entire or toothed segments; 4-12 cm. long, distinctly petioled or the
upper sessile by a narrow base. Liflorescence racemose. Sepals ob-
long, one-half as long as the petals ; petals narrow, spatulate, 3-5 mm.
long, yellowish-white or pale rose. Pods usually deflexed or widely
spreading, slender, attenuate, 3-5 cm. long on pedicles 2-3 mm. long.
ii8 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Dry situations. March to July. Brandegce ; Along Pebble Beach Road
and on the flat at the beach, Smith 5062; Mills'p. 4751; Nuttall 62, 209.
[T. laciniatum Endl. is reported doubtfully in Brandagee's list.
It does not appear in any of the collections from the island that we
have examined.].
8. CARDAMINE Linn.
Erect or ascending herbs with scaly or bulbiferous rootstocks-, or
fibrous roots. I>eaves entire, lobed or divided. Flowers white or
purple, in racemes or corymbs. Stamens 6, rarely 4. Pods elongated,
flat, generally erect, elastically dehiscent at maturity ; valves nervelss
or but faintly nerved. Stipe wanting. Seeds in i row in each cell,
compressed, marginless. Cotyledons equal or unequal, accumbent.
I. C. paucisecta Benth. PI. Hartw. 297 (1830).
Dcntaria calif ornica Nutt. T. & G. Fl. N. A. i :88 ( 1838) .
Rootstalk slender, tubers small ; stem 2-3 dm. high, rather stout,
simple or branched above, glabrous or nearly so. Leaves : basal entire
or 3-foliate, the leaflets petioluate, suborbicular, sinuate or coarsely
toothed; cauline 2-4, mostly short-petoiled and above the middle of the
stem, deeply lobed or pinnately 3-foliolate, rarely simple; leaflets
mostly petiolulate, ovate or lanceolate-linear, entire or toothed, 2-7 cm.
long. Flowers white or rose colored. Pods 2-6 cm. long ; style 4-6 mm.
long. Seeds oblong.
In damp, shady situations in rich soil beneath trees. March to May. Dall &'
Baker (Gray: Field); Trask (N. Y., Field). Woodland bordering the Coach
Road between Cherry Valley and Rowland's Landing, March 17, 1920, Millsp.
9. NORTA Adans.
Biennial herbs with alternate pinnatifid or dentate leaves and
medium sized yellow flowers. Pubescense when present of simple
hairs. Sepals spreading. Pods narrowly linear, much elongated, terete
or nearly so, divergent or ascending. Stigma 2-lobed. Seeds in i or 2
rows in each cell, oblong, not winged. Cot3dedons incumbent.
I. N. altissima (L.) Britton Brit. & Brown 111. Flora 2 : 174 (1913).
Sisyinbritnn altisshmmi Linn. Sp. PI. 659 (1753).
Sisymbrium paymonictim Jacq. Coll. 1 170 (1786).
Erect, 6-12 dm. high, freely branching, glabrous or nearly so.
Lowest leaves runcinate-pinnatifid, petioled, the lobes lanceolate, often
auriculate ; upper leaves smaller, shorter petioled or nearly sessile, very
deeply pinnatifid, the lobes linear or lanceolate, dentate or entire, often
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall i 19
with a narrow projection on the lower side near the base ; uppermost
leaves often reduced to linear nearly entire bracts. Flowers yellowish,
about 6 mm. broad ; pedicels 6-8 mm. long- spreading or ascending,
thickened in fruit. Pods very narrowly linear, stiff, divergent, 5-10
cm. long, I mm. wide, valves with a prominent midrib.
Dry, open situations. January to July. Avalon, on the Golf Links and
near Qiicken Johnny's, Miflsp. 4635, 4661, 4543; on freshly turned soil along
the Equestrian Trail, Nuttall 165.
lo. BRASSICA Linn.
Erect branching herbs with pinnatifid basal leaves and showy
yellow flowers in elongated racemes. Pod elongated, sessile, terete or
4-sided, tipped with an indehiscent, conic, usually i-seeded beak;
valves convex, 1-3-nerved; seeds oblong, marginless, in one row in each
cell. Cotyledons conduplicate.
Leaves not clasping the stem, upper sessile. i. nigra.
Leaves clasping the stem. 2. campestris.
T. B. nigra (L.) Koch, Roehl. Deutsche Fl. Ed. 3, 4:713 (1833).
Annual, erect .75-2.25 m. high, freely and widely branching,
pubescent or glabrate. Lower leaves slender petioled, deeply pinnatifid
with I terminal large lobe and 2-4 smaller lateral ones, all dentate
throughout; upper leaves shorter petioled or sessile, pinnatifid or
dentate ; the uppermost reduced to lanceolate or oblong, entire. Flowers
bright yellow 7-10 mm. broad; pedicels slender, appressed 4 mm. long
in fruit. Pods narrowly linear, 4-angled, 1-1.5 cm. long appressed
against the rachi.s' forming narrow racemes ; beak slender ; seeds dark
brown.
Roadsides, open, waste grounds and cultivated fields. February to July.
Brandegee; Trask (N. Y., Field) ; Avalon, on the Golf Links and at the Wish-
bone on the Coach Road, Millsp. 4766, 4681 ; Cottonwood Canyon, Knopf 398;
Nuttall 213. BLACK MUSTARD, WILD MUSTARD.
2. B. campestris Linn. Sp. PI. 666 (1753).
Biennial, stem 3 dm. to i m. high, branching, glabrous and glaucous
or sometimes slightly pubescent below. Lower leaves petioled, pubes-
cent, more or less lobed or pinnatifid ; upper lanceolate or oblong, acute
or obtusish, sessile and clasping the stem by an auricled base, entire or
dentate, glabrous. Flov/ers bright yellow, 8-10 mm. broad; pedicels
spreading or ascending, often 2.5 cm. long in fruit. Pods 3.5-5 cm.
long tipped with a beak 8-1 1 mm. long.
Roadsides, waste places and cultivated fields. March to July, .\valon,
on the Golf Links, Millsp. 4767. FIELD MUSTARD.
II. RAPHANUS Linn.
Erect or widel}' branching from the base, annual or binennial
herbs. Leaves lyrate. Flowers showy. Pod elongated, fleshy or corky,
I20 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
constricted between the seeds or continuous and spongy. Indehiscent.
Seeds globose; cotyledons conduplicate.
I. R. sativus Linn. Sp. PI. 669 (1753).
Biennial or annual from a more or less fleshy root ; erect and
freely branching, 3-5 dm. high, sparsely pubescent with stiflf hairs
especially near the base, sometimes glabrous above. I.x3wer leaves
deeply lyrate-pinnatifid, segments crenate or dentate. Flowers white,
pink or purplish, 12-18 mm. broad. Pods large, mostly smooth or
longitudinally lined, corky, slightly grooved between the seeds when
fully mature, beak conical, 1-2 cm. long; seeds 2-several.
Ditches and cultivated fields. January to June. Avalon, fields and ditches
beyond the Golf Links, Millsp. 4732, Nuttall 133, 5S2, 746; along the Coach Road
near the Summit, Millsp, 4581; White's Valley. Knopf 93. WILD RADISH.
Order 9. ROSALES.
Herbs, shrubs or trees, the flowers usually petaliferous and the
petals distinct. Stamens mostly perigynous or epigynous. Sepals
mainly united or confluent with the concave receptacle. Carpels one
or more, distinct or sometimes united into a compound ovary.
Flowers regular:
Endosperm present :
Herbs :
Carpels as many as sepals.
I. Crassulaceae.
Carpels mostly 2.
2. Saxifragaceae.
Shrubs or trees :
Fruit a berry.
3. Grossulariaceae.
Fruit a follicle.
4. CUNONIACEAE.
Endosperm wanting :
Seeds with a fimbriate aril.
5. Crossosomataceae.
Seeds without an aril :
Carpels distinct or berry-like.
6. ROSACEAE.
Carpels united in a pome.
7. Malaceae.
Carpels solitary fruit a drupe.
8. Amygdalaceae.
Flowers irregular:
Fruit a legume.
9. Fabaceae.
Family i. CRASSULACE^.
ORPINE FAMILY
flerbs, or somewhat shrubby plants, mostly fleshy or succulent,
with cymose, or rarely racemose or solitary, regular, symmetrical,
mostly perfect flowers. Stipules none. Calyx persistent, free from
the ovary or ovaries, mostly 4-5-parted or 4-5-lobed. Petals equal in
number to the calyx-segments, distinct, or more or less united, usually
persistent, rarely wanting. Stamens of the same number or twice as
many as the petals : anthers longitudinally dehiscent. Receptacle
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 121
usually with a scale at the base of each carpel. Carpels equal in
number to the sepals, distinct, or united below ; styles subulate or fili-
form; ovules numerous, arranged in 2 rows along the ventral suture,
rarely few, or solitary. Follicles i -celled, dehiscent along the ventral
suture. Seeds minute ; endosperm fleshy ; embryo terete ; cotyledons
short, obtuse.
Stamens as many as the calyx lobes ;
Flowers clustered, carpels 1-2-seeded. i. Tillaea
Stamens twice as many as the calyx lobes :
Corolla tubular, lobes long, erect. 2. Dudleya.
Corolla short-campanulate, lobes spreading. 3. Stylophyllum.
I. TILLAEA Linn.
Minute glabrous annual herbs, with opposite entire leaves and
very small axillary, clustered flowers. Calyx 3-5-parted. Petals 3-5.
distinct, or united at the base. Carpels 3-5, distinct, styles short,
subulate. Ovules usually few. Carpels 1-2-seeded.
I. T. erecta H. & A. Bot. Voy. 24 (1830).
Tillaea minima Miers. H. & A. in Hook. Bot. Misc. 3 : 338 ( 1833) .
Tufted, branched, 8 cm. high or less, the branches erect or ascend-
ing. Leaves connate at base, ovate to oblong, acute, 1.5-3 mm. long;
flowers in axillarj'- bract ed clusters ; pedicels very short, or often fili-
form and as long as the leaves or longer ; sepals mostly 4, ovate, acute,
about I mm. long, somewhat longer than the narrowly lanceolate
acuminate petals ; seeds commonly solitary.
In exposed sandy soils. February to May. Lyon; Trask; Brandegee;
sandy bottom land at Howland's, Millsp. 481 1 ; Avalon Valley, right hand hol-
low below Chicken Johnny's, Nuttall 143; Pacific slope of the Salta Verde,
Knopf 384.
Brandegee lists Tillaea angustifolia as common on Catalina. We have
been unable either to find a specimen of his or other collecting, nor have our
collectors seen the plant. His reference may possibly be correct as it is found
on the mainland at San Diego, but the species cannot be "common" on the
island.
2. DUDLEYA Britton & Rose.
Caulescent or acaulescent perennials with flat linear to ovate basal
leaves, and yellow, orange, red or rarely white flowers mostly in
panicles. Leaves of the flowering branches usually much shorter and
relatively broader than the basal ones, sessile or clasping. Calyx
conspicuous, 5-lobed, the lobes erect, linear-lanceolate to ovate, obtuse
to acuminate. Corolla neary cylindric, or somewhat angled, the seg-
ments united below the middle, erect, or their tips somewhat spreading,
obtuse or acuminate. Stamens twice as many as the calyx-lobes,
distinct. Carpels erect, many-seeded.
122 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
I. D. Greenei Rose Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard.3: 17 (1903).
Caudex short and thick. Leaves in rosettes, numerous, strap-
shaped, 6-7 cm. long, 15 mm. broad at base, acute, very glaucous, drying
ihick and leathery ; flowering stalk 3-4 dm. high, bearing scattered
ovate-acuminate leaves ; inflorescence consisting of numerous secund
racemes; pedicels stout, ascending, 2-4 mm. long; calyx 4 mm. high,
deeply 5-parted, tlie lobes broadly lanceolate, acute; corolla 8-10 mm.
long, its tube 2 mm. long.
Dry rockfaces near the sea. April to June. Trask; McClatchie (as
Cotyledon caespitosum) ; Mrs. C. E. Miller; vicinty of Avalon, Eastwood 6489:
Pebble Beach Road, Millsp. 4760, Nuttall 67.
3. STYLOPHYLLUM Britt. & Rose.
Perennials with more or less branched rootstocks; basal leaves
linear, elongated, terete, or flattened but always narrow, sometimes
abruptly widened below into a broad clasping base ; flowering stems
with long sessile leaves not clasping at base. Calyx 5-lobed, the lobes
ovate, equal and small. Corolla companulate, not angled, white, red
or yellowish, its lobes broad, thin and spreading, united below into a
tube. Stamens 10, borne on the corolla-tube. Carpels 5, united below,
generally strongly spreading as in Sedum.
Leaves acute, 11-15 cm. long. i. insulare.
Leaves obtuse, 8-10 cm. long. 2. Hassei.
1. S. insulare Rose. Bull, N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3:34 (1903). Plate
VI, f. I.)
Stems very thick and woody, 6-8 cm. in diameter, crowned by a
rosette of spreading leaves, the old leaves somewhat persistent. Leaves
ii-i5cm. long, i-i.5cm. broad above the base, 2 cm. broad at base,
fleshy, much flattened except toward the apex, acute, more or less
glaucous especially when young; flowering branch stout, purplish, 3-4
dm. long; inflorescence paniculately branched; primary branches short,
nearly equal, two or three times dichotomious, the ultimate branches
short and few flowered ; calyx 3 mm. long, its lobes twice as long as
the tube, ovate, acute ; corolla 7 mm. long, reddish, somewhat cam-
panulate, its tube about the length of the carpels; carpels united at
base, widely spreading.
Dry cliffs and break-off s near the sea. May to July. Trask, June 10, 1902,
tvpe in U. S. Nat'l Herb., fragm. in herb. Field. Reported by Mrs. Tra.sk as
Cotyledon lanceolatum.
2. S. Hassei Rose ibid. 35.
Caudex elongated, sometimes about 3 dm. long, 2-3 cm. in diameter,
somewhat branching, covered with the old persistent leaves, crowned
with a dense erect rosette. Leaves very glaucous, linear, not tapering
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 123
except toward the apex, 10 cm. long or less, i cm. wide or less, thick
but flattened below, terete and obtuse toward apex; flowering stems
weak, their primary branches 1-2-dichotomous, the ultimate branches
slender and many flowered; calyx small, glaucous, 4mm. long, cleft
to or below the middle, its lobes ovate, acute ; corolla-tube about i mm.
long; carpels widely spreading in age.
Beach cliffs. May to June. Trask; Hassc, May 30, IQ02, type in U. S.
Nat'l Herb., co-type Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard. and Herb. Field.
Family 2. SAXIFRAGACE^.
SAXIFRAGE FAMILY
Annual or perennial, caulescent or acaulescent herbs. Leaves
alternate or sometimes opposite, commonly all basal, rarely stipulate ;
blades simple and entire, toothed, lobed or divided, the teeth often
I)ore-bearing. Flowers perfect, borne in simple or com^x>und open or
congested cymes or racemes, usually terminating the main stem, or
lateral branches which arise from the axils of the leaves near the apex
of the rootstock. Hypanthiuni usually well-developed, flat, turbinate,
campanulate or cylindric, more or less adnate to the base of the
gynoecium. Calyx of 5, or rarely 4 or more sepals. Corolla of as
many distinct petals as there are sepals, or wanting. Androecium of
as many or twice as many stamens as there are sepals, borne on the
edge or on the inner surface of the hypanthium ; filaments subulate to
clavate. Gynoecium of 2 or rarely 3 or 4 carpels, wholly or partially
united or rarely dstinct, the placentae parietal, axial or basal. Ovary
partially or wholly inferior. Fruit a capsule or follicle. Seeds with
fleshy endosperm.
Placentae parietal, flowers racemose. f. Lithophragma.
Placentae axial, flowers cymose. 2. Jepsonia.
I. LITHOPHRAGMA Nutt.
Perennial herbs with slender bulblet-bearing rootstocks and
axial leafy flowering shoots. Hypanthium from campanulate or
hemispheric and adnate only to the base of the gynoecium to elongated-
turbinate and adnate to the lower half of the gynoecium. Sepals 5,
valvate in aestivation, rounded to triangular. Petals white or rose-
colored, clawed, digitately or pinnately divided, toothed or entire,
much exceeding the sepals. Stamens 10, included ; filaments short ;
anthers cordate. Gynoecium i-celled with 3 parietal placentae, 3-
valved at the apex ; styles 3. short. Seeds many, horizontal.
124 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
I. L. catalineae Rydb. N. A. Flora 22 :88 (1905).
Stem about 3 dm. high, sparingly glandular-pubescent ; petioles of
basal leaves about 5 cm. long, more or less glandular-hairy ; blades
reniform, 3-4.5 cm. wide, sparingly pubescent, thin, indistinctly 3-5-
lobed and crenate with very broad rounded or truncate teeth ; stem-
leaves with short petioles, which are more or less dilated, and broad
fimbriate stipules ; blades deeply 3-cleft with broadly oval, crenate
divisions ; hypanthium broadly obconic, 3-3.5 mm. broad, 2.5-3 "i''^-
high, or with the sepals about 4 mm. high ; sepals triangular ; petals
7-8 mm. long ; blades usually 3-cleft, with rather short, very acute
lateral lobes.
On moist rich canyon sides and bottoms in shade. March to May. Trask;
Brandcgec (as Tellima affinis) ; Silver Canyon, Millsp. 4880; Descanso and Golf
Links Canyons, Nut tall 177, 596.
2. JEPSONIA Small.
Perennial acaulescent herbs, with bulb-like rootstocks supporting
a short caudex and several slender autumnal scapes. Leaves alternate,
all basal, vernal ; blades about as broad as long, shallowly lobed and
toothed, cordate at the base, petioled. Flowers in terminal cymes.
Hypanthium with a flat base. Sepals 5, partially united into a cam-
panulate, somewhat corolloid, veiny tube which surmounts the hypan-
thium. Corolla white or nearly so, regular. Petals 5, of a spatulate
type, withering-persistent, the claws partially adnate to the calyx-tube.
Filaments adnate to the calyx-tube, but not as high up as the petals.
Ovary superior, the 2 carpels united to about the middle. Follicles
veiny, the bodies filling the calyx-tube, the slender beaks diverging at
a right angle. Seeds prominently 4-ridged.
I . J, neonuttalliana Millsp. sp. nov.
Caudex subterra e bulbo ovato 2.5x1.5 cm; foliis omnibus radi-
calibus ; petiolo longo tenuique ; lamina orbiculato-cordata acriter sed
non profunde in 5 lobos incisa, supra et ad venas infra pilosa ; margine
irregulariter acriterque serrato; scapis filiformibus, summa panicul-
ato-racemosis, ramis plerumque 3-floris, floribus 5-7 mm. latis ; calyce
leviter campanulato, glanduloso-hispido, crasso, 10 lineis purpureo-
lineato ; lobis brevibus, obtusis ; petalis albis rubro-venatis, obtusis,
spathulatis, infra breviter attenuatis, in limbo calycis sub lobos insertis ;
filamentis longitudine parce antheris aequalibus ; carpellis pyriform-
ibus, supra divergentibus, ad basim unitis, rostro longo tenuique ; stig-
matis capitatis, bilabiatis. Near J. Parryi but much taller and distinct
in all floral characters. I take pleasure in dedicating this species to
Mr. L. W. Nuttall, its discoverer, who spent nearly a year in com-
prehensive field work on the island.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 125
On open, bare ground, on the interior side of the ridge extending inward
from Lookout Point, Pebble Beach, November 27, 1920, Nuttall gji. Also
seen on the bare plateau half way up the Equestrian Trail and in a hollow on the
eastern slope of Avalon Valley opposite the Saw Mill.
Family 3. GROSSULARIACE^.
CURRANT FAMILY.
Shrubs, with often fascicled usually lobed petioled leaves, and
racemose or subsolitary axillary or lateral flowers, the pedicels brac-
teolate. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, the limb 4-5-lobed, often
colored. Petals 4 or 5, inserted on the throat of the calyx, small,
scale-like, often included. Stamens 4 or 5, inserted with the petals.
Ovary i-celled; styles 2, distinct or united. Berry globose or ovoid,
pulpy, the calyx persistent on its summit. Seeds obscurely angled, their
outer coat gelatinous, the inner crustaceous.
I. RIBES Linn.
Characters of the family as described above.
I, R. viburnifolium A. Gr. Proc. Am. Acad. 17 1202 (1882).
Evergreen, unarmed; branches straggling; young twigs resinous-
glandular. Leaves thick, dark-green above, pale-green and resinous-
dotted beneath, ovate to obovate-oval, 2-7 cm. long, obtuse at the
apex, narrowed or rounded at the base, sparingly repand-dentate or
nearly entire-margined, glabrous or somewhat pubescent when young;
petioles rather stout, shorter than the blades, mostly not more than
I cm. long, pubescent or glabrous ; racemes i to 3 from the same
bud, few-several-flowered, as long as the leaves or shorter, resinous-
glandular; pedicels filiform, 5-10 mm. long; bracts narrowly lanceo-
late, acute, mostly shorter than the pedicels, caducous ; hypanthium
turbinate ; sepals oval, rose-colored, spreading ; petals greenish, very
small ; berry subglobose, about 6 mm. in diameter.
Moist hillside thickets. February to April. Lyon; Mrs. Trask says "It
covers the steep walls of one canyon to the height of a hundred feet and extends
in a mass for a quarter of a mile. It festoons the overhanging rocks mile
after mile of this canyon which should be called 'Currant Canyon' " — she does
not, however, locate the canyon ; near Avalon, Miss Merritt; McClatchie, Grant &
Wheeler, Walpole ; Gallagher's Canyon, Brandegce, Eastwood 6467, Jepson 3055;
Equestrian Trail, Millsp. 4654; Bannings Canyon, Nuttall 339; Pebble Beach
Canyon, Nuttall 1163, Knopf 249; Silver Canyon and near Rowland's, Knopf
-79, 27 5 i Bulrush Canyon, Knopf 355. Transplanted to the grounds of the
Banning House at the Isthmus from roots brought from the west end ; (Millsp.
4624), the gardner says that it "grows finelv in cultivation so long as it is not
pruned— pruning kills it." CATALINA PERFUME, BAOBAB, WILD CUR-
RANT.
126 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Family 4. CUNONIACEiE.
cunonia family.
Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite or rarely ternate or verticillate,
stipulate, simple or compound. Inflorescence various. Flowers small,
mostly perfect, sometimes polygamous or dioecious. Hypanthium
with a hypogynous or perigynous disk within. Sepals 4 or 5. Petals
4 or 5, usually not larger than the sepals. Stamens as many as the
petals, twice as many, or sometimes more, inserted under the margin
of the disk ; filaments slender, longer than the petals or equaling them ;
anthers short, 2-celled. Carpels usually 2, united into a 2-celled
ovary, or distinct ; ovules usually numerous and in 2 rows on the
placenta. Fruit mostly capsular or follicular. Seeds several or nu-
merous, often winged; embiyo small; endosperm present; cotyledons
flat or convex.
1. LYONOTHAMNUS A. Gray.
A tree or shrub, the bark exfoliating in narrow strips. Leaves
j)ersi.stent, petioled, lanceolate, entire, crenate, aspleniform, or com-
pound with linear-lanceolate aspleniform segments ; stipules small,
lanceolate or linear, deciduous. Flowers perfect in large terminal
compound cymes. Bracts minute, persistent ; pedicels very short.
Hypanthium campanulate, bearing 1-3 minute bractlets. Sepals 5,
triangular-ovate, persistent. Disk woolly, slightly lO-lobed. Petals 5,
white, nearly orbicular, not clawed, deciduous. Stamens 15, in pairs
opposite the petals and singly opposite the sepals ; filaments subulate ;
anthers oblong, introrse, the sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Pistils 2,
distinct ; ovary ovoid, glandular ; style stout, outwardly curved ; stigma
subcapitate. Ovules 4 in each ovary, oblong, anatropous, suspended.
Fruit of 2 small woody follicles, usually 4-seeded. Seeds oblong,
pointed, with little endosperm and a membranous testa; cotyledons
oblong, much longer than the straight radicle ; hilum orbicular ; raphe
winged.
I. L. floribundus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20:292 (1885). Plate
vn.
Lyonothammis asplcnifolins Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1:187
"(1886).
Lyonothammis floribundus asplenifoUus Brand. Zoe. i :i36
"(1890).
A tree, 14 m. high or less, the trunk sometimes 3.3 dm. in
Flora of Santa Catalina Islani5 — Millspaugii & Nuttall 127
diameter, usually smaller, sometimes a mere shrub ; bark reddish-
brown, its strips remaining long attached to the trunk ; young twigs
pubescent, becoming orange-red and glabrous ; leaves 2 dm. long or
less, thick, densely white-tomentose beneath when young, becoming
glabrous, or somewhat pubescent beneath when old, dark-green above,
paler on the under side, varying greatly from quite simple and entire
to deeply many-lobed and compound, the lobes close together, oblique,
acute; cymes 1-2.5 dm. broad, densely many-flowered, pubescent;
pedicels 2-3 mm. long ; hypanthium tomentose, 2-3 mm. in diameter ;
petals 2-3 mm. broad ; follicles rough-glandular, 2.5-3 mm. long.
Forming groves on canyon sides, at altitudes from 500-1500 ft., facing north-
erly, June. This unique tree was first found on Catalina by Dr. Gustuv Risen
in 1874. In 1884 Mr. William S. Lyon sent some specimens, collected at the
Isthmus (Nevin & Lyon), to Dr. Gray who recognized it as a new genus and
named it in his honor. Lyo7i re-collected it, at the same place, in 1885, as his
number 75: both these collections are in Herb. Gray — Harvard. Tiiis type grove
grows three-quarters of the way up the first gulley south of the Banning House
and consists of about 50 trees (Millsp. 4792; Nuttall 642, 714). Mrs. Trask,
who distributed many specimens to various herbaria, remarks that the tree is
not nearly so rare as was first supposed and claims that beyond the Isthmus
it is found here and there everywhere. There are several groves on the north
faces of the upper slopes at Banning's Canyon (Pollay; Nuttall 788; Knopf
120): Gallagher's Canyon (Mrs. Miller; Brandegee; Jepson 3045; Hall 8277-8:
Nuttall 84s); and the upper reaches of Swain's Canyon (Smith 5174; Knopf 50,
92, 216).
This tree is peculiar to the larger islands of the Channel Group where it
grows in gullies on rocky slopes as described above. On the outer islands, the
leaves are mostly cut into fern-like form, though on Catalina this form seldom
occurs. On Catalina the largest trees are in the neighborhood of 60 feet high,
and often reach over a foot in diameter of trunk. The bark shreds off in
stringy pieces while the wood is pinkish in color and very heavy, hard and close
grained. On this account it was used by the natives for spear handles and
shaft wood, and later by the whites for fishing rods, canes, and similar articles.
IRON WOOD.
Family 5. CROSSOSOMATACE^.
CROSSOSOMA FAMILY.
Shrubs or small trees, with rough bitter bark. Leaves alternate,
often approximate on short branches or clustered on spurs; blades
simple, leathery, entire. Flowers perfect, solitary at the ends of short
branches. Hypanthium turbinate. Calyx of 5 persistent sepals.
Corolla of 5 white or purplish deciduous petals. Androecium of many
stamens, usually 15 or more; anthers oblong to oval. Gynoecium of
3-5 stipitate ultimately distinct carpels borne in the base of the hypan-
thium. Ovary elongate ; styles short, at least during anthesis, or obso-
lete; stigmas depressed. Ovules several or many, borne in 2 rows.
Fruit a cluster of 2-5 follicles. Seeds globular to rcniforni. eacli en-
closed in a fimbriate aril. Endosperm thin, fleshy.
I. CROSSOSOMA Nutt.
Stems usually much-branched. Leaf-blades pinnately-veined,
128 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
sessile or nearly so. Flowers pedicelled. Sepals very broad, usually
suborbicular, concave. Petals spatulate or orbicular-obovate. Stamens
usually borne in 2 rows. Carpels erect ; style short or obsolete ; stigma
minute. Follicles spreading or recurved. Seeds often adherent in a
body by means of the aril-fringe.
I. C. californicum Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 2,1 : 150 (1848).
Shrub or small tree, with a rough somewhat flaky bark ; leaf-
blades oblong, oblong-obovate, spatulate or linear-spatulate, 2.5-9 cm.
long, commonly mucronate, sessile, or nearly so ; flowers long-pedi-
celled; hypanthium 4.5-5.5 mm. broad at maturity; sepals suborbicu-
lar, 8-12 mm. long; petals white, broadly obovate to oblong-obovate,
14-18 mm. long; follicles drooping, 15-32 mm. long, the bodies
cylindric, wrinkled, each terminating in a curved or hooked beak ;
seeds about 3 mm. in diameter.
Growing to a height of 3 meters or more and with a trunk up to 15 cm.
in diameter on the moister wooded hillsides and in canyons. December to July,
Gambel (who collected the type of this species on Catalina) ; Dall & Baker;
Lyon & Nezfin; Trask 216 (herb. N. Y.) ; Miss McClatchie; Davidson 5715;
Grant 1511 ; Grant & Wheeler 2351, 6149; Eastwood 6503; Bahcock ; Brandegee ;
Wallace; Parish 10758; Smith 4990; Mo.vlcy 723; Nuttall i ; Millsp. 4480, 4515,
4916. WILD APPLE (from the general appearance of the tree when in
flower).
Family 6. ROSACEA.
ROSE FAMILY
Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with alternate leaves, usually evident
stipules, perigynous mostly numerous stamens, distinct free pistils
from one to many, or in one suborder few and coherent with each other
and with the calyx-tube into a 2-several-celled inferior ovary, and
anatropous few or solitary seeds destitute of albumen or nearly so :
these are the characters of this great order. But the stipules are
sometimes evident only upon vigorous shoots, and rarely fail alto-
gether, the stamens are sometimes even fewer than the petals or lobes
of the calyx, and in a few cases the albumen of the seed is somewhat
copious.
Herbs :
Petals present.
2.
Drymocallis.
Petals absent.
3. Aphanes.
Shrubs :
Without prickles :
Flowers in terminal racemes :
Leaves alternate, toothed.
I.
Sericotheca.
Leaves fascicled, entire.
4-
Adenostoma.
Flowers solitary or somewhat fascicled.
5-
Cercocarpus.
Prickly shrubs :
Fruit a cluster of drupelets.
6. RuBus.
Fruit single fleshy enclosing the achenes.
7. Rosa.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 129
I. SERICOTHECA Raf.
Unarmed shrubs with simple toothed or lobed exstipulate deci-
duous leaves and terminal panicles of numerous white flowers. Calyx
deeply 5-cleft, nearly rotate. Petals 5, rounded. Stamens 20, inserted
on an annular perigynous disk. Pistils 5, distinct, becoming i-seeded
hairy carpels, tardily dehiscent by the dorsal suture or indehiscent.
I. S. franciscana Rydb. N. A. Flora 22 :262 (1908).
Schizonotius ariaefolius Greene, Fl. Fran. 58 pt. (1891).
Holodiscus ariaefolius Greene, Man. Bay R.tg. 113 pt. (1894).
Shrub 1-4 m. high; the branches short, rigid; bark grayish
brown, more or less shreddy ; leaves ovate, 3-6 cm. long, cuneately
narrowed to a short winged petiole, pinnately lobed or toothed above
the middle, green and nearly glabrous above, whitish tomentose be-
neath ; panicles erect, branching ; carpels hirsute.
Shrubby canyon slopes. July to Sept. Trask, "Found in but one canyon" ;
McClatchie ; Gallagher's Canyon, Eastwood 6464 (as Spiraea ariacfolia) ; Ban-
ning's Canyon, left fork, Nuttall 66g. SPIRAEA.
2. DRYMOCALLIS Fourr.
Erect more or less glandular or viscid herbs from perennial
rootstocks, with pinnate leaves and cymose yellow 5-merous bracteo-
late flowers. Calyx saucer-shaped or hemispheric. Petals obovate,
elliptic or nearly orbicular, obtuse. Stamens 20-30 on a persistent
disk at base of receptacle. Receptacle hemispheric with numerous
pistils which become dry achenes. Style basal, slightly thickened and
glandular below, tapering at both ends or nearly filiform, rather per-
sistent. Seed attached near the base, ascending, orthotropous.
I. D. glandulosa (Lindl.) Rydb. Mem. Bot. Columb. Univ. 2:198
(1898).
Potentilla glandulosa Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19 : pi. 1583 ( 1833) .
Stem strict, 3-6 dm. high, indistinctly striate, viscid and glandular-
hairy, especially upward, subsimple below, irregularly branched above ;
lower stipules lanceolate, the upper ovate, acuminate, and usually
deeply toothed; basal leaves with petioles 2-10 cm. long, pinnate, some-
times interruptedly so ; leaflets 7-9 sparingly hairy, nearly glabrous on
the upper surface, obovate, generally obtuse, simply or doubly serrate
with broad teeth, the upper usually a little larger, 1-3 cm. long; stem-
leaves smaller, short-petioled, 3-7-foliate; flowers in an open many
flowered cyme, 10-15 mm. i^ diameter; hypanthium glandular-hirsute,
in fruit 6-"/ mm. broad ; bractlets linear-lanceolate, 4-5 mm. long, much
shorter than the oblong or ovate-lanceolate, gradually acuminate or
acute sepals, which are 6-7 mm. or in fruit about i cm. long; petals
130 Field Museu:m of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
obovate, about equaling the sepals ; stamens 20-25 ; pistils many ; styles
fusiform.
So far collected only by Dr. Dazndson. Shaded by oaks in a ravine branch
of Avalon Canyon, in late August, 1893.
3. APHANES Linn.
Small annual herbs. Leaves short-petioled or subsessile ; stipules
connate and adnate to the petioles or leaf-blades, few-toothed ; blades
deeply digitately 3-parted and again toothed and lobed. Inflorescence
forming small axillary clusters. Hypanthium ellipsoid-urceolate, con-
tracted at the mouth. Disk poorly developed. Sepals usually 5, rarely
4, subtended by as many or fewer small bractlets, which, however,
occasionally are lacking. Petals none. Stamens usually solitary, rarely
2-5, inserted opposite one or more s-epals, but sometimes by shifting,
inserted almost between them ; filaments short ; anthers introrse. Pistils
1-4. usually 2. styles .S'lender, basal; stigmas capitate.
I. A. cuneifolia (Nutt.) Rydb. N. A. Flora 22 :38o (1908).
Alchemilla cuneifolia Nutt. T. & Gr. Fl. N. A i :432 (1840) .
Alchemilla arvensis of Brewer & Wats. Bot. Calif, i : 185 ( 1876)
non Scop.
Low slender annual; stem often simple or somewhat branched,
ascending or erect, 2-10 cm. high, rather sparingly pubescent with
ascending hairs ; stipules less than 5 mm. long, connate, with 2-4 ovate
teeth ; lower leaf-blades short-petioled, the upper sessile, 2-8 mm. long,
cuneate, sparingly pubescent, 3-cleft about halfway down, their divis-
ions with 2-4 ovate teeth ; hypanthium nearly i mm. long, urceolate,
pubescent with short, spreading hairs or glabrous ; bractlets minute or
often wanting; sepals ovate, about one-third as long as the hypanthium ;
achenes usually solitary.
Shady places in canyons. July. Near the west end of the island, Lyon 30
(included in Brondegee list). LADY'S MANTLE. 'J'his is the only specimen
of the species so far found on the island.
4. ADENOSTOMA PL & A.
Shrubs with fascicled or alternate, rigid, filiform or clavate leaves.
Inflorescence paniculate with .short spike-like branches. Hypanthium
urceolate or obconic, lo-angled, in fruit enclosing the single achene,
often with 5 glands in the throat alternate with the sepals. Sepals 5,
rounded, mucronate. Petals 5, orbicular, spreading. Stamens 10-15.
2 or 3 opposite each sepal ; anthers sub-globose. Pistils solitary ; ovary
obliquely obovoid, covered at the top by a hairy cushion ; style lateral,
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 131
inserted under the edge of the cushion ; twice bent ; stigma capitate ;
ovules solitary; pendulous.
I. A. fasciculatum H. & A. But. Beech. Vov. 139 (1832). Plate
V, f. 2.
A diffusely branched shrub, 0.5-6 m. high ; bark of the twigs red-
dish, glabrous or slightly puberulent, that of the older branches gray
and becoming shreddy; leaves fascicled, filiform-clavate, short-petioled,
usually somewhat curved, acute, shining, glabrous, 5- 10 mm. long,
thick, channeled on one side ; bracts and bractlets lanceolate, callous-
spinose-tipped ; hypanthium obconic, 2 mm. long, strongly striately
lo-angled ; sepals semi-obicular. mucronate. spreading; petals white,
orbicular, scarcely 1.5 mm. long; filaments filiform, about equaling the
petals.
In extensive groves principally on the northerly slopes of canyons at from
200-800 feet altitude. April to October, but full blooming in June. Frequently
seen with a trunk a foot in diameter and a height of twenty-five feet. Lyon 53;
Trask; Brandegee; canyon south of Avalon. Pendleton 13S5; Cherry Canyon.
Smith 5097, Knopf 1/3; a whole hillside, at Fourth o' July, with only one branch
in bloom in March, Millsp. 4794; near the top of the Equestrian Trail, Nuttall
1^9; high ridge trail from White's Landing to Echo Lake, Knopf 102; at the
Isthmns, Eastwood 6506. GREASEWOOD.
The roots are always swollen into bulb or tuber-like masses which are
largely sought for as firewood, in fact, they furnish the principal domestic fuel
on tlie island. They burn slowly, at first, but finally yield lasting hot coals.
5. CERCOCARPUS H. B. K.
Shrubs or trees with hard wood. Leaves alternate, simple,
toothed or entire-margined ; stipules adnate to the petioles. Flowers
axillary, solitary or fasciculate. Hypanthium with a cylindric persis-
tent tube, abruptly widening into a turbinate or campanulate deciduous
limb. Sepals 5, from broadly triangular to nearly subulate. Corolla
wanting. Stamens 15 or more, ins'erted at different heights on the
limb of the hypanthium ; filaments subulate or filiform, distinct ; anthers
subrotund or broadly elliptic, emarginate at each end, affixed dorsally
above the base, dehiscent longitudinally. Pistil solitary', inserted in the
bottom of the hypanthium; ovary cylindric-fusiform, sessile; style
terminal, elongate, plumose; stigma undivided, terminal. Ovules soli-
tar}', basal. Seed cylindric; cotyledons linear.
Leaves coriaceous, veins strong, raised beneath. i. Traskiae.
Leaves not coriaceous, not strongly raised beneath :
Hypanthium and young leaves with spreading hairs. 2. alnifolius.
Hypanthium and young leaves silky strigose. 3. betuloides.
1. C. Traskiae Eastw. Proc. Calif. Acad. 3, i ; 136 (1898).
A tree, 3-7.5 m. high, with a trunk 5-25 cm. in diameter ; bark
132 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
rough, grayish-brown ; branches downy-tomentose ; petioles stout,
about 5 mm. long; leaf-blades orbicular to oval, 2-6 cm. long, 1-5 cm.
wide, obtuse or acutish at the apex, subcordate, truncate or rarely
cuneate at the base, deeply dentate to nearly entire, glabrous and glossy
in age above, densely white-tomentose beneath ; lateral veins about 7-8
on each side, very prominent beneath ; flowers polygamous, in fascicles
of "^-y, pedicelled; tube of the hypanthium about i cm. long, densely
villous-tomentose ; limb open-campanulate, tomentose without, glabrous
within, together with the sepals 5-8 mm. broad ; sepals broadly trian-
gular ; stamens numerous ; filaments slender ; anthers tomentose, the
cells oblong ; achenes i cm. long, silky-strigose ; style in fruit about
5 cm. long.
In a dry arroya at the Salta Verde. March to June. This rare species, of
Mountain Mahogany, has only been collected by Mrs. Trask. It grows in a
single small "grove" in the locality mentioned above. Specimens are in the her-
baria of the Calif Acad. Sci. ; Gray; N. Y. Bot. Gard. and Field Museum.
2. C. alnifolius Rydb. N. A. Flora 22:421 (1913).
Cercocarpus betulaefolius Blancheae Schneid. Mitt. Deuts. Dendr.
Ges. 14: 127 (1905).
Tree 5-10 m. high, with a trunk 2-5 dm. in diameter ; bark gray,
rough, on the older parts much cracked ; branches glabrate ; petioles
about I cm. long; leaf-blades rounded-oval, 3-6 cm. long, 2.5-4 cm.
wide, sparingly appressed-pubescent when young but glabrate above,
somewhat villous-tomentulose beneath, dentate with short and broad
teeth; lateral veins 6 or 7 on each side; tube of the hypanthium about
12mm. long, villous-tomentose; limb hemispheric-campanulate, to-
gether wdth the sepals 6-7 mm. wide, villous-tomentose without, glabrate
within ; sepals broadly triangular, obtuse ; achenes about 12 mm. long,
silky ; style in fruit 5-6 cm. long, usually strongly curved.
On canyon slopes, February to June. Trask; Descanso Canyon, Parish
10752, Smith 5018; Cherry Canyon, Smith 5096; Avalon Canyon, Millsp. 4718;
Pebble Beach Canyon, Knopf 21; Middle Ranch Canyon, Knopf 39^; Bulrush
Canyon, Knopf 352. MOUNTAIN MAHOGANY. HARD TACK. '
2. C. betuloides Nutt. T. & Gr. Fl. N. A. I -.427 (June 1840).
Cercocarpus hctiilaefolius Nutt. Hook. Ic. PI. 322. (Oct. 1840).
Cercocarpus parvif alius glaher Wats. Bot. Calif, i : 175 ( 1876) .
A tree 3-10 m. high, with smooth bark, separating into scales fall-
ing ofif in the autumn ; branches glabrous or nearly so ; petioles 2-4 mm.
long, appressed-hairy or glabrate ; leaf-blades obovate or oval, 1.5-5 cm-
long, 1-2.5 cm. wide, crenate-serrate above the middle with short teeth,
rounded at the apex, cuneate at the base, sparingly appressed-hairy
when young ; soon glabrate, dark-green above, paler beneath, compara-
tively thin ; lateral veins 5 or 6 on each side, not veiy thick beneath ;
tube of the hypanthium 8-10 mm. long, silky-strigose; limb turbinate,
slightly silky to crispid-strigose without, glabrous within, together with
the sepals 6mm. broad; sepals broadly triangular, obtuse; stamens
rather numerous; achenes 10-12 mm. long, style in fruit 6-7 cm. long.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 133
Moist canyon sides and bottoms. January to July. The commonest species.
Trask; Brandcgee; Tourney; Rock Spring Canyon and Pebble Beach Road,
Smith 5067, 5165, Pendleton 1406, Reed 2836, MUlsp. 4705: Descanso Canyon,
Parish 10752, Jepson 2031; Avalon Canyon, Eastwood 6485, Nuttall 8g, 693;
Hamilton Canyon, Nuttall 6q2, Knopf 152; Isthmus, Lyon, Eastwood 6504;
Chicken John's Canyon, Middle Ranch Canyon, and Bulrush Canyon, Knopf
327, 361, 350, 358. This species of MOUNTAIN MAHOGANY sometimes at-
tains a height of 40 feet.
6. RUBUS Linn.
Low shrubs or trailing vines, usually prickly, with alternate leaves,
the stipules adnate to the petioles. Flowers terminal or axillary, soli-
tary, racemose or panicled, white or purplish, mostly perfect. Calyx
persistent, bractless, deeply 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens many, in-
serted on the calyx, distinct. Carpels many, inserted on a convex or
elongated receptacle, ripening into drupelets and forming an aggregate
fruit. Ovules 2, i abortive ; style terminal, slender. Seed pendulous.
1. R. vitifolius C. & S. Linnaea 2 : 10 (1827).
Stems climbing over bushes or trailing, biennial, 1-2 m. long,
hirsute and with weak, mostly straight prickles, sometimes glabrate
the second year; leaves of the shoots 3-foliolate; stipules linear-subulate,
about I cm. long ; petioles, petiolules, and midveins hirsute as well as
prickly ; petioles 3-4 cm. long ; leaflets ovate, acute or short-acuminate
at the apex, obtuse or rounded, or rarely subcordate, at the base,
sparingly hirsute 011 both sides, or glabrate in age, sharply double-
serrate, green on both sides, 4-8 cm. long; petiolule of the terminal
leaflet 1-2 cm. long, those of the lateral ones 1-3 mm. long; leaves of the
floral branches temate or unifoliolate ; leaflets of the ternate leaves
similar to those of the shoots, but more rhombic-ovate, less acuminate
at the apex and often acutish at the base ; unifoliolate leaf -blades
usually more or less cordate at the base and 3-lobed, with the terminal
lobe longer; inflorescence corymbose, terminal, hirsute and weakly
prickly; sepals lanceolate, grayish-tomentose on both sides, 8-10 mm.
long, caudate-acuminate, rarely with foliaceous tips and then much
longer, closing around the fruit; petals of the staminate flowers elliptic,
10-15 inm. long, white, those of the essentially pistillate flowers oval.
5 mm. long; fruit elongate, 8-12 mm. long, 7-8 mm. thick; drupelets
numerous, pubescent; putamen slightly reticulate.
Mostly along the streamlets of canyon bottoms. April to June. Lyon;
Brandegee (as Rubus ursinus) ; Avalon Canyon, Baker 857, Heller 6682, Smith
5068, Eastwood 6494, Nuttall 113, 148; Graveyard Canyon, Knopf 134; Big-
wash Canyon, Millsp. 4598; Bulrush Canyon, Knopf 354. BRAMBLE, BLACK-
BERRY.
7. ROSA Linn.
Prickly shrubs with odd-pinnate leaves, adnate stipules and large
134 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
solitary or corymbose flowers. Calyx-tube globose or urceolate ; its
limb 5-parted ; bractlets none. Petals 5, rounded, spreading. Stamens
many on the silky disk, which lines the calyx-tube. Pistils many,
included in the calyx-tube, but free and distinct ; styles .subterminal ;
ovules solitary, pendulous. Achene lK>ny, enclosed in the fleshy
enlarged red berry-like calyx-tube.
I. R. californica Cham. &; Schl. Linnaea 2 :35 (1827).
Stem erect, terete, light-brown or yellowish, diffusely branched,
1-3 m. high, usually armed with stout flattened, recurved prickles 5-8
mm. long; young shoots sometimes bristly; floral branches 1-3 dm.
long, usually prickly ; stipules adnate, narrow or those of the upper
leaves dilated, more or less villous, glandular-dentate ; petiole and
rachis villous, prickly, and sometimes somewhat glandular; petioles
0.5-2 cm. long; leaflets 5-7, rarely 3 or 9, oval, 1-2 cm. long, usually
simply serrate, with triangular-lanceolate, not glandular teeth, dull and
more or less appressed-pubescent above, villous, but rarely slightly
glandular beneath, usually roimded or obtuse at both ends ; inflores-
cence usually corymbiform, leafy-bracted, i-io-flowered; pedicels short,
glabrous or somewhat villous ; hypanthium glabrous, globose or sub-
globose, with a distinct neck, in fruit 10-15 mm. hroad; sepals lanceo-
late, caudate-attenuate, about 15 mm. long, entire, villous and rarely
glandular on the margins, tomentose within; petals obcordate, 1.5-2.5
cm. long, rose-colored ; styles free, not exserted.
Moister canyon sides and bottoms. May to June. Lyon; Braudegce ; Trash ;
Gallagher's Canyon, Eastivood 6461; Cherry Can\'on, Smith 5095; Rock Spring
and Pebble Beach Canyons Nuitall 126, J 159; Graveyard and Hamilton Can-
yons, Knopf 133, 153. WILD ROSE.
Family 7. M ALACE-ffi:.
APPLE FAMILY
Trees and shrubs with alternate simple or i)innate leaves, the
stipules free from the petiole, small and deciduous. Flowers regular,
perfect, racemose, corymbose or solitary. Calyx 5-toothed or 5-lobed,
the tube adnate to the ovary. Petals 5, usually clawed. Stamens
numerous or rarely few. Ovary 1-5-celled, composed of 1-5 usually
united carpels; styles 1-5; ovules 1-2 in each carpel. Fruit a more or
less fleshy pome, consisting of the thickened calyx-tube enclosing the
bony ])apery or leathery carpels. Endosperm none ; cotyledones fleshy.
T. PHOTINIA Lindl.
A small evergreen tree or sometimes shrubby, with simple coria-
ceous toothed leaves and tenninal corymbose panicles of small white
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 135
flowers. Calyx turbinate, 5-parted, the lobes at length inflexed over
the carpels and becoming fleshy. Petals rounded, concave. Stamens
10; filaments dilated at base and somewhat connate. (3vary 2-3-celled,
4-6-ovuled ; styles 2-3. Fruit a red ovoid berry-like pome ; carpels
free from the fleshy calyx-tube above the middle.
I. P. arbutifolia Lindl. Tr. Linn. Soc. 13:103 (1821).
Hetcrow.cles arbutifolia Roem. Syn. Monogr. 3:105 (1847).
Photinia salicifolia Abrams Bull. N. Y. Bot. Card. 6:381 (1910).
Usually 3-6 m. high, nascent parts tomentulose ; leaves narrowly
oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 5-iOcm. long, remotely serrate or dentate,
dark green and shining; fruit about 6 mm. long. Fruits brilliant
scarlet or orange-yellow.
Moister slopes and can3-on bottoms. February to July. Near the Isthmus.
Lyon II; Trask; Brandegee ; Avalon Valley, Eastzvood 6496, Grant 3754, Smith
4991, Millsp. 4722, Kutiall 147, 074 (berries yellow), Knopf 261 (berries yel-
low) ; Golf Links Canyon, Nuttall 83; Big Wash Canyon, Knopf 234; Descanso,
Hamilton and Pebble Beach Canyons, Knopf 166, 265, 268, 269; White's Land-
ing, Smith 5173: Banning's Landing, Millsp. 4920; Rock Spring Canyon, Smith
51 17; Rock Falls Canyon, Nuttall 691. CALIFORNLA HOLLY, HOLLY;
TOYON, TOLLON.
Sometimes found in groves like Lyonothamnus. Often nearly 30 feet high
with a trunk a foot in diameter. The fruits are generally cleaner and larger
than those on the mainland, and often rich orange-yellow instead of bright red.
The bark is used by fishermen for tanning nets and sails.
Family 8. AMYGDALACE^.
PEACH FAMILY
Trees or shrubs with alternate deciduous or evergreen usually
serrate leaves and white or rose-colored flowers in terminal or axillary
racemes or cor)'-mbs. Calyx campanulate or turbinate, 5-cleft, decidu-
ous. Petals 5, inserted on the calyx, spreading. Stamens 15-25,
inserted with the petals. Ovaries 1-5, i-celled, free; ovules 2, pendu-
lous. Fruit a more or less fleshy drupe with a bony stone ; seeds i or
rarely 2.
I. LAUROCERASUS Reichb.
Trees and shrubs, with alternate coriaceous leaves, persistent into
the second season, toothed or entire. Flowers in narrow racemes,
arising from the axils of the leaves of the previous season. Calyx
with 5 short lobes; petals small, white. Stamens 15-30. Style terminal.
Fruit with a large smooth stone and thin scarcely fleshy exocarp.
Leaves spinulose-toothed i. ilicifolia
Leaves entire-margined 2. Lyoni
136 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
1. L. ilicifolia (Nutt.) Roem. Syn. Ros. 5 192 (1847).
Pnm us ilicifolia Walp. Rep. 2:10 ( 1 843 ) .
An evergreen tree attaining a height of about 12 m. with a trunk
often 6 dm. in diameter, frequently a mere shrub. Leaves ovate, thick,
spiny-toothed, about 6 cm. long, acute or blunt, slightly cordate or
cuneate at the base, dark green and shining above, dull yellowish-green
beneath; petioles channelled, 3-12 mm. long. Racemes as long as the
leaves or longer, pedicels 3-6 mm., calyx lobes pointed, reflexed, much
shorter than the ovate, blunt petals; stamens about as long as the
petals. Fruit globular, purple, about 1.5cm. diameter; flesh thin; pit
ovoid, smooth.
Canyon sides. April to July. The t>'pe from near the Isthmus, Lyon 21
(Herb. Gray; photo. Herb. Field); Trask (as Cerasus ilicifolia); Brandegee;
Gallagher's Canyon, Eastwood 6476; Bishop Str. Hollow and Big Wash Can-
yon, Nuttall 117, 715. 782. ISLAY. The natives ate the pulp fresh and ground
the seeds into meal for porridge.
2. L. Lyoni (Eastw.) Britton, Britton t't Shafer N. A. Trees 512
(1908).
Cerasus Lyoni Eastw. Handb. Trees Calif. 54 ( 1905) .
Prunus ilicifolia integrlfolia Sudw. Gard. & For. 4:51 (1891).
Prunns ilicifolia occidcntalis Brand. Proc. Calif. Acad. 2, i:20Q
(1888).
Prunus infergifolia Sarg. Man. Trees N. A. 531 ( 1905) non Walt.
Prunus Lyoni Sarg. PI. Wilson 74 ( 191 1 ) .
A tree up to 15 m. high with a trunk often 3.3 dm. in diameter.
Leaves leathery, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 5-8 cm. long, pointed, entire
margined, dark green and shining above somewhat paler and dull
beneath, rounded at the base. Flowering racemes very dense, cylindric,
about as long as the leaves ; pedicels very short or wanting. Fruit
orbicular, purple, 1.5-2 cm. diameter.
Rich, moist, open canyons where it frequently forms extensive groves.
March to June. Lyon & Nevin (as Prunus occidcntalis) ; Trask; Gallagher's
Canyon, Brandegee, Eastwood 6476, Jcpson 3044, 3039; Wishbone, Smith 5017,
Nuttall 283; Pebble Beach Canyon, Nuttall 743, Knopf i74; Descanso Canyon,
Nuttall 179, 182, Knopf 117, 207; Cherry Canyon, Smith 5119, Cherry Valley
where there is a very extensive grove occupying most of the valley and making
a beautiful display of trees, Millsp. 4827. This is probably the type station.
CATALINA CHERRY. ISLAND ISLAY.
The pulp of this species, though scanty, formed one of the fresh fruit
foods of the Indians. The cherries are now sometimes preserved whole by
Catalinians : the preserve has a slight, pleasant "Wild Cherry" taste.
Family 9. FABACE^.
PEA FAMILY
Herbs, shrubs, vines or trees, with alternate mostly compound
stipulate leaves, and irregular (papilionaceous) perfect or sometimes
polygamo-dioecious flowers, mainly in spikes, heads, racemes or pan-
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 137
icles. Calyx 4-5-toothed, or 4-5-cleft, sometimes 2-lipped. Petals more
or less united, or separate, perigynous or hypogynous, usually con-
sisting of a broad upper one (standard, banner), two lateral ones
(wings), and two front ones more or less united (forming the keel) ;
the standard enclosing the wings in the bud. Stamens monadelphous,
diadelphous or sometimes separate, 10 in most of the genera, some-
times 9, rarely 5. Pistil simple, superior; ovary mainly i-celled, some-
times 2-celled by the intrusion of the sutures, or several-celled by
cross-partitions; style simple; ovules i-many, anatropous or amphitro-
pous. Fruit a legume, i -many-seeded, dehiscent into 2 valves, or in-
dehiscent, in one tribe a loment. Seeds mostly without endosperm;
cotyledons thick.
Leaves palmately 5-11-foliate
Leaves 3-foliate :
Shrubs
Herbs :
Flowers in axillary racemes or spikes
Pods spirally coiled.
Pods not coiled but wrinkled
Flowers capitate
Leaves unequally pinnate, without tendrils :
Flowers in spikes or racemes :
Pods leathery, seeds filling the cavity
LUPINUS
CVTISUS
Medic AGO.
Melilotus
Trifouum
6. Hesperastrag.\lus
Pods papery, seeds far smaller than the cavity
Flowers solitary or umbellate :
Pods dehiscent
Pods indehiscent.
Leaves pinnate, with tendrils :
Style villous all around apex
Style villous one side only.
7. Phaca
hosackia
Syrmatium.
10. ViCIA
Lathyrus.
I. LUPINUS Linn.
Herbs, rarely shrubs, with digitately-compound 7-15-foliolate
(rarely simple or 3-5-foliolate) leaves, and showy flowers in terminal
spikes or racemes. Calyx deeply toothed and 2-Hpped. Standard
orbicular or ovate, its margins reflexed ; wings oblong or obovate ;
keel incurved, sometimes beaked. Stamens monadelphous, their sheath
not cleft ; anthers of two forms as in Crotalaria. Ovary sessile ; style
incurved ; pod flattened, generally constricted between the seeds, the
valves coriaceous.
Annuals :
Flowers not verticillate :
Herbage sparsely pubescent, finally glabrous
Herbage densely villous or pilose :
Keel naked :
Leaflets short, broad obovate
Leaflets long, narrow obovate
Herbage hispid with stinging hairs
truncatus
2. concmnus
3. gracilis
hirsutissimus
138 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Flowers verticillate :
Keel ciliate, petals 4 mm. long 3. micranlhus
Keel naked, petals 10-12 mm. lon;^ 6. afiinis
Perennials, shrubby :
Keel ciliate 7. Hallii
1 . L. truncatus Nutt. T. & Gr. Fl. i -.^^j;^ (1840).
Pubescent with appre.s.sed hairs, at length ahnost glabrous. Leaf-
lets rather succulent, long and narrow, 5-7, linear, attenuate at the
base, truncate or somewhat 3-toothed at the apex; stipules minute,
linear, short ; raceme elongated, the flowers alternate, deep purple,
small; the vexillum shorter than the wings; bracts shorter than the
pedicels, subulate, persistent ; calyx bracteolate, the vippr lip 2-parted,
the lower minutely 3-toothed or entire ; legume hirsute, elongated, 6-7-
seeded. Seeds oval-lenticular, all irregularly inottled with white,
yellow, and brown, 2.5 x 3.5 mm.
Sandy places and in silt. March to June. Trask ; Brandcgee; Avalon Val-
ley, Smith 4983, Hall 8287, Millsp. 4737, 4840, Nutiall 132; Big Wash Arroya,
Nuttall 637, 680; Schoolhouse Ridge, Nuttall 15; Pebble Beach Can3'-on, Knopf
58, 359; Moonstone Beach, Knopf 390.
2. L. concinnus Agardh. Syn. Gen. Lupin. 6 (1835).
Plant 10-15 cm. high, densely clothed with very long hairs; those
of the leaves equal to the width of the leaflets themselves. Flowers
violet, with a yellow spot on the vexillum. Small, very densely villous
with soft whitish hairs ; leaves mostly radical ; leaflets spatulate ;
stipules subulate-setaceous ; flowers a little alternate, in a close ovate
spike, on very short pedicels ; bracts linear-subulate, shorter than the
mostly ebracteolate calyx ; the upper lip 2-clef t, the lower entire or
3-denticulate.
In dry washes. June to July. Brandcgee ; McClatchie. These are the only
returns of this species from the island to date.
3. L. gracilis Nutt. Jour. Phila. Acad. 7: 115 (1834) non Agardh.
(1835).
Lupinns Agardhianus Heller, Muhl. 7:13 ( 191 1 ) .
Plant 10-15 cm. high, small, diffuse, very hairy; leaflets 8-10 mm.
in length, hirsute, many times shorter than the petioles, minute, obovate-
cuneiform canaliculate; peduncle short; flowers 7-10, at length rather
remote, on short pedicels, few, alternately disposed along the very
flexuous rachis ; corolla blue and "white, the wings longer than the
vexillum ; bracts setaceous, persistent, longer than the pedicels ; calyx
bracteolate ; the upper lip 2-parted, the lower somewhat 3-toothed ;
legumes hirsute, about 5-seeded. Seeds yellowish, irregularly black-
maculate, quadrangulo-lenticular, about 2.25 mm. in diameter.
On open, barren ridges. April to May. Reservoir ridge, Avalon, Millsp.
400Q; Schoolhouse Ridge, Nuttall 36, 1156, Knopf 372; Snake Canyon, Nuttall
261; Salta Verde, Knopf 346.
Flora of Santa Catalixa Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 139
4. L. hirsutissimus Benth. Tr. Hort. Soc. n. s. i, i :4ii (1835).
Stem leafy, branching, very hirsute with bristly hairs, low, nearly
erect; leaflets obovate-cuneiform, mncronulate; stipules subulate;
flowers reddish-purple, mostly alternate, on short pedicels ; bracts
subulate, about the length of the calyx; bracteoles caducous; lips of
the calyx nearly equal; the upper one deeply 2-cleft, the lower entire.
Arroyas and stony banks. March to May. Trask: "Up to three feet high,
with pods 2 inches long" ; Brandegee; Avalon Valley in the Arroya of Rock
Spring Canyon, Smith 4978, Nuttall 12S, Millsp., Knopf 214; Pebble Beaclv
Canyon, Nuttall 204; Howland's, Millsp. 4S17; Moonstone Beach, Knopf ^gi.
STINGING LUPINE.
5. L. micranthus Dougl. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1251 (1829).
Rather slender and weak, branched from the base, 12-20 cm. high,
pilose-pubescent, not at all succulent ; leaflets 5-7, narrowly linear to
linear-spatulate, 1-3 cm. long; petioles twice as long; racemes pedun-
culate; verticils 3-5, often indistinct; pedicels- 3mm. long or in fruit
6mm. long; upper calyx-lip 2-cleft, the lobes divergent, lower longer,
entire ; petals 4 mm. long, blue except the white and dotted middle
of the erect mucronulate standard ; keel woolly-ciliate above the mfddle ;
pods 5-seeded. Seeds whitish-yellow, irregularly elongate-maculate,
3 mm. diameter.
Open, arid situations. March to May. Brandegee; Big Wa.sh Canyon,
Millsp. 4S52; Golf Links and Schoolhouse Ridge, Nuttall i6q, 9, Knopf 319.
6. L. affinis Agardh. Syn. Gen. Lupin. 20 (1835).
Stout and succulent, branching above, 3-6 dm. high, nearly gla-
brous or somewhat short pubescent ; leaflets 7, cuneate-obovate, obtuse
or emarginate, 2.5-4 cm. long; petioles 2 or 3 times as long; racemes
with 3-7 whorls ; bracts equaling the calyx; upper calyx-lip bifid, lower
entire or 3-toothed; petals 10-12 mm. long, bluish-purple; keel broad,
naked. Seeds reddish, oblong-lenticular, rather plump, dimpled on
one side, 5x4 mm., a dark ring around the hylum.
Open ridges, canyon slopes and wash bottoms. February to May. Trask
(labelled carnulosus in herb. N. Y.) ; Maiden Point and Descanso Canyon,
Millsp. 4640, 4526, Smith 5035, Nuttall 192; top of the ridge southwest of
Avalon, Nuttall 319; White's Valley, Knopf 57. The plant has much the ap-
pearance of L. hirsutissimus without hairs.
7. L, Hallii Abrams Bull. Torr. Club, 37 : 151 (1910). Plate XI, f. 2. "
Shrubby, 6-10 dm. high, canescent throughout with a short silky
pubescence; leaflets 7-9, spatulate, 12-24 mm. long; flowers in whorls
2-3 cm. distant; bracts ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, caducous, 7 mm.
long ; upper calyx-lobe 2-lobed, the lower 3-toothed ; keel conspicuously
ciliate on the central part of the inner margin: seeds quadro-ovoid,
flatly lenticular, finely brown-maculate, 4 mm. diameter.
Abundant on westerly facing canyon slopes. January to June. Trask
(labelled in herb. N. Y. L. albifrons Bth. = longif alius (Wats.) Abrams?)
140 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Brandegcc (as L. Chaynissonis) ; Gallagher's Canyon, Eastwood 64.72; Rushy;
Macbride & Fayson 834; slopes of Descanso Canyon where it is prevalent, its
rounded clumps appearing, in the distance, like sheep, Mo.rley 747, Millsp. 4524,
Smith 5015, Nuttail 18s, 212, 677, Knopf 35, 130; Schoolhouse Ridge and Avalon
Valley, Nuttail 26, 138. GIANT LUPINE.
This large blue lupine with its silvery, clump growth, has been generally
considered by collectors to be Lupiniis Chamissortis or L. albifrons neither of
which species has so far been collected on the island. L. Chamissonis is a sea-
strand, dune plant, which may yet be found on Catalina.
2. CYTISUS Linn.
Shrubs, with 3-foliolate or i-foliolate leaves, and showy, clustered
flowers, mainly in terminal racemes. Calyx 2-lipped, the teeth short ;
standard ovate or orbicular ; wings oblong or obovate ; keel straight or
curved ; anthers alternately larger and smaller ; ovary sessile, many-
ovuled ; style incurved ; pod flat, oblong or linear, several-seeded ;
seeds strophiolate.
I. Q. canariensis Steud. Nom. ed. i, 259 (1821),
Much branched, 1-2 m. high, soft pubescent, leafy; leaflets 6-12
mm. long; flowers yellow, 15-20 mm. long, fragrant, in terminal
racemes; upper calyx-lip deeply 3-toothed, the lower slightly so.
In gravelly soil along the upper Pebble Beach Road. April 6, 1921. Knopf
69. BROOM.
This is doubtless a transplanted shrub from the mainland, but, as it has
proved to escape there and become established, it may yet do so on the island.
3. MEDICAGO Linn.
Herbs, with 3-foliolate leaves, and small yellow or violet flowers
in axillary heads or racemes. Leaflets commonly dentate, the veins
terminating in the teeth. Calyx-teeth short, nearly equal; standard
obovate or oblong; wings oblong; keel obtuse ; stamens diadelphous, the
I opposite the standard separate from the other 9 ; anthers all alike ;
ovary i-several-ovuled; style subulate; pod curved or spirally twisted,
reticulated or spiny, indehiscent, i-few seeded.
Flowers purple, pods coiled but unarmed i. sativa
Flowers yellow, pods coiled and hook-prickled 2. hispida
I. M. sativa Linn. Sp. PI. 778 (1753).
Decumbent or ascending, 3-5 dm. high, the young shoots and leaves
with some scattered hairs. Leaflets oblanceolate or obovate, 4-25 mm.
long, dentate, obtuse, truncate or emarginate and often mucronate,
narrowed or cuneate at the base; stipules entire; peduncles 1-5 cm.
long, bearing a short raceme; petals about 5 mm. long; pod pubescent,
twisted into 2 or 3 spires-.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 141
Escaped and established in waste grounds. April to September. Lyon
as (AI. dcnticulata) ; Trask; Avalon Valley, Nuttall 135, 681, 739, 748, 1161,
Knopf 156. ALFALFA.
2. M. hispida Gaertn. Fr. et Sm. 2 :349 (1791).
Slender, much branched, decumbent, glabrous annual ; leaflets
obovate to obcordate, toothed above ; flowers small, yellow, 2-2) or
rarely more on axillary peduncles ; pods coiled, their margins armed
with hooked prickles.
Moist places either exposed or shady. February to April. Avalon Valley,
Trask; Brandegee as (M. denticulata) ; Reservoir Hill, Millsp. 4570, 4907; ditch
along the Coach Road, Millsp. 4609, Nuttall 60; deep, shady creek bed (Avalon
Run), Nuttall 1082. MEDIC, BUR-CLOVER.
4. MELILOTUS Linn.
Herbs, with 3-foliolate leaves, dentate leaflets, their veins com-
monly ending in the teeth, and small white or yellow flowers in slender
racemes. Calyx-teeth short, nearly equal ; standard obovate or oblong ;
keel obtuse; ovary sessile or stipitate, few-ovuled; style filiform; pod
ovoid or globose, straight, indehiscent or finally 2-valved ; seeds soli-
tary or few.
Flowers yellow i. indica
Flowers white 2. alba
1. M. indica (L.) All. Fl. Fed. i :3o8 (1789).
Trifolium melilotus-indica Linn. Sp. PI. 765 (1753).
Annual ; glabrous, erect, 3-20 dm. high, branching ; leaflets mostly
cuneate-oblong, obtuse, denticulate, 2.5 cm. long or less ; racemes many,
bearing small, nearly sessile, yellow flowers.
Waste grounds becoming general. February to May. Lyon; Brandegee as
(M. parviflora) ; Avalon Valley, Smith 5042; 5101, Millsp. 4569, Knopf 31;
Schoolhouse Ridge, Nuttall 30 and Middle Ranch S97. SWEET CLOVER,
SOUR CLOVER.
2. M. alba Desv. Lam. Encycl. 4:63 (1797).
Erect or ascending, 9-30 dm. high, branching, glabrous, or the
young twigs and leaves finely pubescent. Leaves petioled, rather
distant; leaflets oblong or slightly oblanceolate, serrate, narrowed at
the base, truncate, emarginate or rounded at the apex, 12.7-20 mm.
long, 4.2-10.5 mm. wide; stipules subulate; racemes numerous, slender,
5-10 cm. long, often i-sided; pedicels 2.1mm. long or less; flowers
white ; standard 4.6 mm. long, slightly longer than the wings ; pod
ovoid, slightly reticulated, glabrous, 3 mm. long.
Canyon creek beds. Flowering the year around. Middle Ranch Canvon
bed, Knopf 27$: Middle Ranch creek at the ranch, Nuttall 658. WHITE
SWEET CLOVER.
142 Field MuseUxM ok Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
These are the first returns of this European weed on Catalina (1920-1921).
It appears to be well established in the two locations indicated above and will
doubtless soon spread.
5. TRIFOLIUM* Linn.
Herbs, with mostly 3-foliolate (occasionally 4-11-foliolate) denti-
culate leaves, the flowers in dense heads or spikes. Stipules adnate to
the petiole. Calyx-teeth nearly equal. Petals commonly persistent,
their claws adnate to the stamen-tube. Stamens diadelphous, or the
tenth one separate for only a portion of its length. Ovary few-
ovuled. Pod often included in the calyx, membranous, indehiscent or
tardily dehiscent by i suture, i-6-seeded.
Heads not involucrate :
Teeth of calyx not plumose :
Corolla rose or purple :
Teeth of calyx not ciliate :
Leaflets obcordate i. gracilentuni
Leaflets narrow lanceolate 2. Palmeri
Teeth of calyx ciliate 3. ciliolatum
Corolla white 4. repens
Teeth of calyx plumose :
Heads sessile 5. catalineae
Heads pedunculate :
Peduncles 3 mm. -4 cm. 6. Traskiae
Peduncles 6-11 cm. 7. insularnm
Heads involucrate :
Flowers not inflated :
Involucre flat 8. tridentatum
Involucre cup-shaped :
Involucral lobes ovate, pointed <). microcephalum
Involucral lobes triangular, 3-4 toothed 10. microdon
Flowers inflated 11. stenophyllum
I. T. gracilentum T. & Gr. Fl. N. A. 1 : 316 (1838).
Stem 20-26 cm. high. Petioles of the middle leaves 10 cm. long ;
those of the lowermost and especially the uppermost leaves much
shorter. Heads as large as in T. repens : flowers purple. Nearly
glabrous ; stem slender, erect or ascending ; middle leaves on very long
filiform petioles; leaflets cuneate-obcordate, spinulose-serrulate ;
.stipules rather foliceous, the lower ones linear-lanceolate and setace-
ously acuminate, the uppermost ovate-lanceolate and shorter : heads
loose, 15-25-flowered ; calyx glabrous; the teeth lanceolate-stibulate,
setaceously acuminate, thrice the length of the tube and about one-
third shorter than the corolla; legume i-seeded; seeds ovate.
2x1.5mm., reddish-brown, slightly elongate-maculate.
Infrequent in canyons. March to May. Mrs. Trask (as T. hifidum, and as
T. catalinae in Muhl. 9:17) ; Fritchey; Grant; Kennedy 1733.
*With the assistance of P. B. Kennedy.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 143
2. T. Palmeri Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11 : 132 (1876).
A glabrous and diffuse annual, the stems ascending, about 3 dm.
high or less : stipules elongated, narrowly acuminate ; leaflets oblong to
narrowly lanceolate, acute or acutish at each end, serrulate,
12.7-20.6 mm. long: peduncles axillary: heads naked, io-20-flowered ;
flowers sessile, at length reflexed: calyx 6.3 mm. long, deeply cleft
into narrow acuminate entire lobes : petals purplish, scarcely exceeding
the calyx: pod 2-seeded; seed cordate-globose, 1.8 x 1.2 mm., reddish-
hrown, not maculate.
Grassy Canyon slopes. April-May. Mrs. Trask. Not otherwise collectefl
oil the island. It is more common on San Nicholas and Guadalupe Islands.
.V T. ciliolatum Benth. PI. Hartw. 304 (1848).
Trifolium. ciiiatum Nutt. jour. Phila. Acad. 2, i : i ^2 ( 1848). Non
Clark.
Annual 1.6-3.3 dm., erect, smooth, slender, stipules falcate entire
leaflets cuneate-oblong or the inferior obovate, heads long pedunculate
after anthesis ovate-globose mostly depressed, flowers pedicellate
mostly reflexed. calyx-teeth lanceolate acute margin scarious lacero-
ciliate. Stems terete, smooth ; larger leaflets about 2.6 cm. ; stipules
broadly lanceolate falcate above, sharply acute, entire minutely ser-
rate-ciliate ; peduncles erect 5. i-io.i cm. : flowers rose to purple ; cap-
sule i-seeded; seed oval 2.3x1.6mm., reddish-brown, not maculate.
Canyon slopes, rare. March-Mav. Mrs. Trask. Not otherwise collected.
WIRE CLOVER.
4. T. repens Linn. Sp. PI. 767 (1753).
Perennial, glabrous or with a few scattered hairs, the branches
often rooting at the nodes., 1-3 dm. long. Leaves long petioled ; stipules
ovate-lanceolate, membranous, acute, 4-12 mm. long; leaflets short-
stalked, obovate, emarginate or obcordate, broadly cuneate at the base,
denticulate, 8-20 mm. long; heads long-peduncled ; flowers 7-12 mm.
long; pedicels 2-5 mm. long, finally reflexed: corolla 2-3 times as long
as the calyx ; calyx-teeth acuminate, somewhat shorter than the tube ;
pod about 4-seeded: seed cordate-globose, 1.2 x i mm., pale yellow.
Waste ground. March-May. Avalon, Millsp. 474^. WHTTp: CLOVER.
Not before reported or collected on the island.
5. T. catalinae Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 25 : 128 (1890).
Low annual, branching from the base, i dm. high or less, ap-
pressed villous pubescent : leaflets narrowly oblong-obovate, 7 mm.
long, 2.5 mm. wide, emarginate, erose-dentate ; subtending stipule
broadly ovate-acuminate, entire or with an occasional notch near the
apex; lower stipules much narrower and whh a long aristate point
2.5 mm. long : heads sessile, one or two, orbicular-ovate, subtended by
a stipule and almost sessile leaf : flowers dark purple : calyx tube 2 mm.
144 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
long, strongly lo-nerved, teeth 3mm. long, erect, somewhat rigid:
corolla little exceeding the calyx teeth; vexillum 6mm. long, 1.3mm.
wide, elliptical, minutely erose dentate at apex: legume glabrous,
straw-colored, striate, acute at both ends, 3 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide,
I -seeded: seeds yellowish-brown, devoid of markings, oblong
1 .8 x .8 mm.
On ridges and dry slopes. March-May. Type collected by Brandegee,
May 13, 1890, (Herb. Gray; Photo, and fragm. in herb. Field). Mrs. Trask,
"very rare, three localities only." Probably the T. Macraei of Brandegee list.
CATALINA CLOVER.
6. T. Traskiae Kennedy, Muhl. 9:19 (1913).
Annual with erect branches from the base, about 2 dm. high,
villous throughout, intemodes long, 5-10 cm. : lower leaflets i cm.
long, 3 mm. wide, elliptical, acute at both ends, margins coarsely
dentate ; upper leaflets longer and narrower, attenuate at both ends,
not variable like those of cataUnae; lower petioles 2-3 cm. long, upper
much shorter, about 5 mm. long ; stipules lanceolate below to broadly
ovate above, lobes more or less notched and terminated by a long
acumination; heads globose to ovate, pedunculate, terminal or sub-
terminal : peduncles 3 mm. to 5 cm. long : flowers deep purple : calyx
tube 1.5mm. long, teeth 4.5mm. long: corolla extending beyond the
teeth 2 mm. vexillum elliptical, obtuse, 9.5 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide,
very finely erose-dentate at the apex: ovary 2-ovuled, ciliate with long
hairs : style 5 mm. long : mature legume and seed not seen.
Dry slope near the sea. April, 1907. Type collected by P. B. Kennedy
near Moonstone Beach. A specimen in U. S. Hatl. Herb. (340315) collected
by Mrs. Trask who says : "very rare and local, flowers purplish" is possibly this
species.
7. T.insularum Kennedy. Muhl. 9:29 (1913).
Annual, erect, about 3.3 dm. high, branched from the base,
pubescent throughout : lowest leaflets cuneate to obovate, on petioles
3 cm. long ; upper leaves elliptical, margins coarsely dentate ; stipules
ovate-lanceolate with a long apiculation, membranaceous, glabrous
below but somewhat hairy above: internodes 5-8 cm. long: peduncles
3-10 cm. long: flowers inconspicuous, purple: calyx tube 2mm., teeth
6mm., hirsute rather than plumose and somewhat rigid: corolla ex-
tending three-fourths the length of the teeth; vexillum 7.5mm. long,
1.7mm. wide, elliptical: ovary 2-ovuled: style 3mm., long, narrow:
legume 3 mm. long, 1.3 mm. wide, membranaceous, glabrous, i-
seeded : seeds reddish-brown, not mottled, narrowly oblong, similar
to those of T. catalinae, but 2.2 x .9 mm.
On ridges and canyon slopes. March-May. Type, Mrs. Trask 1897 and
1901 in herb. Mo. Bot. Card. ; photo, and fragm. in herb. Field. Not again
collected. ISLAND CLOVER.
8. T. tridentatum Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1070 (1827).
Annual; erect, 2-4 dm. high, glabrous; stipules setaceously lacin-
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 145
iate; leaflets linear or lanceolate, sharply serrate, 2-6 cm. long; head
2-7) cm. broad ; involucre laciniate, much shorter than the flowers ;
flowers about i cm. long, bright purple with darker center; tip of
standard sometimes whitish: calyx-tube lo-nerved; the teeth rigid,
broad at base, abruptly narrowed to a subulate spinulose-tipped apex
which is usually subtended by a short stout tooth on each side. Seed
globular or nearly so, 1.7 mm. diameter, yellowish-brown, shining
slightly and sparingly freckled. Flowers white, rose, or purple.
Among grasses on canyon slopes, common. March- June. Trask; Brande-
gee; Carlson; Cherry Canyon, Smith 5ogs; Gallagher's Canyon; Millsp. 4873;
Mountain Trail above the Schoolhouse, Coach Road near Summit, and Golf
Links Canvon, Nuttall 19, 55, 8^; in patches along Pebble Beach Road, Knopf 6;
Eagle's Nest and Moonstone Beach, Knopf 360, 38^. THREE-TOOTHED
CLOVER.
9. T. microcephalum Pursh. Fl. Am. Sept. 2 :478 (1816).
Annual ; slender, much branched, decumbent, soft pubescent ;
stipules ovate-acuminate, nearly entire; leaflets obo vat e-cunei form or
obcordate, denticulate ; heads small, subglobose, many-flowered, on
slender peduncles; involucre many-cleft, the segments entire; calyx-
teeth subulate, broad, scarious and sometimes toothed at base ; corolla
minute, pinkish ; pod globose, i -seeded ; seed ovate, i x .8 mm., greenish,
unmarked.
Grassy places in canyons. May-September. Lyon; Trask; Brandegee list:
Kennedy; Big Wash Canyon, Nuttall 233; Middle Ranch Canyon, Knopf 394.
10. T. microdon. H. & A. Hook. Bot. Misc. 3 : 180 ( 1883) .
Trifolium microdon pilosum Eastw. Calif. Acad. Sci. 3, i :ioo
(1898).
Resembling the last in vegetative characters, but with the involu-
cral border nearly enclosing the head, its lobes triangular and 3-4-
toothed, calyx smooth angled the teeth rigid broadly triangular,
acute, with a narrow scarious serrulate margin. Seed oblong,
1.8 X I mm., light yellow and plentifully freckled with grayish macula-
tions.
There appear to be several races of this species in California, but
the seed characters hold too strongly to allow of varietal segregation.
Rare. Only known to us by two specimens in the National Herbarium.
Collected by Mrs. Trask in 1903 and 1907. BUTTERFLY CLOVER.
11. T. stenophyilum Nutt. Proc. Acad. Sci. Phila. 1847 '•^5'^ (1848).
Diffuse annual with slender stems and branches, often purplish,
decumbent or ascending, 1-3 dm. long; leaflets linear, remotely serrate-
toothed; peduncles filiform, much longer than the leaves; segments of
the involucre oblong, cuneate at the base ; head small, hemispheric ;
corolla purple, inflated from a narrow base to a broad, almost truncate
apex ; pod 2-seeded ; seeds obliquely heart-shaped, 2 x 1.4 mm., greenish
brown, transversely few-rugose.
146 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
On grassy hillsides. March-Maj-. Gambcl (type) ; Mrs. Trask ; Kennedy ;
Fisherman's Cove, Millsp. 4782; Salta Verde, Knopf 347.
This species probably includes, as to Catalina. Greene's. 7". brachyodon and
the Trask and Brandegec references to T. amplcctens.
6. HESPERASTRAGALUS Heller.
Slender branched annuals. Leaves alternate, the stipules distinct
and almost free from the petiole ; leaflets few to many, the blades
usually narrow and notched at the apex. Flowers perfect, crowded in
usually short-cylindrical heads. Calyx somewhat campanulate, the
lobes about equal. Corolla some shade of purple or violet, very
small, barely 2 mm. long. Stamens 10; filaments diadelphous ; anthers
alike. Ovary sessile. Ovules two only. Pod broadly ovoid, about as
broad as long (2-3 mm.), didynious. 2-celled and 2-seeded, the seeds
about filling the cavity.
Pods not deflexed i. didymocarpus
Pods strongly deflexed 2. Gambelianus
J. H. didymocarpus (H. & A.) Heller, Muhl. 2:87 (1905).
Astragalus didymocarpus H. & A. Bot. Beech. 334 ( 1840) .
Astragalus catalincnsis Nutt. Proc. Acad. Sci. Phila. 1848:9
(1850).
Slender, 3 dm. high, pubescent with fine, somewhat scattered
hairs; leaflets 9-15, cuneate-oblong to linear, emarginate, 6-10 mm.
long; spikes long-peduncled. dense, ovate or oblong, 2-3 cm. long;
flowers 3-5 mm. long, dull purplish ; pods erect, 4 mm. long, and about
as broad, scarcely exserted from the calyx, strongly wrinkled, 2-
celled, 2-seeded.
Known only from two specimens collected in February and May, one by
Gambcl and the other by Mrs. Trask who says : "In two canyons only." Nuttall
doubtless misinterpreted the color of the flowers and described them as "ochro-
leucus."
2. H. Gambelianus (Sheldon) Heller ibid.
Astragalus gambelUunus Sheldon, Minn., Bot. Stud. 1:121
(1894).
Astragalus nigrcscens Nutt. Jour. y\cad. Sci. Phila. 2, 1:152
( 1838) non Pall (1800).
Stems very slender, 1-2 dm. high, slightly pubescent; leaflets as
in the last; spikes less dense, cylindric, 2 cm. long; pods deflexed, well
exserted from the calyx, slightly wrinkled, strongly obcompressed ;
closely related to the last, but easily distinguished by fruit.
Open dry situations on ridges. March to May. Gnmbet; top of the Pacific
Ridge at the head of Avalon Canvon, Nuttall 317.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 147
7. PHACA Linn.
Perennial or annual herbs, sometimes almost acaulescent. Leaves
alternate, tlie stipules nearly free, often partially united : leaflets many
the blades entire. Flowers perfect, in short or elongated racemes, or
sometimes nearly sessile in the axils of the leaves. Calyx campan-
ulate : lobes more or less unequal, sometimes longer than the tube. Cor-
olla mostly ochroleucous, occasionally i^urple : .standard with a rela-
tively broad blade: wings longer than the keel-petals. Stamens 10:
ti laments diadelphous : anthers alike. Ovary sessile or stipitate.
C)vules numerous. Pod membranous, inflated, neither suture in-
truded, i-celled, without even a partial partition. Seeds numerous.
Pods bladdery inflated i. leucopsis
Pods flatly turgid:
Stipe short, scarcely exceeding the calyx 2. fastidia
Stipe long, four times as long as the caly.x 3. trichopoda
1. P. leucopsis T.&Gr.Fl.N. A. 1:694 (1838).
Astragalus leucopsis Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 56 ( 1858) .
Herb. 3.3-6.8 dm. high, tomentose-canescent ; leaflets 10-15 pairs,
small, oval or oblong, obtuse, scarcely petiolulate ; stipules membrana-
ceous, very small, triangular-subulate ; raceme many-flowered, rather
loose, on peduncles twice the length of the leaves ; the flowers nodding;
teeth of the calyx subulate, rather shorter than the tube ; vexillum
elongated; legumes large inflated, obtuse, slightly puberulent. raised
on a slender stipe 4 times as long as the calyx.
Dry situations from sea level to the tops of mountains. January to June.
Lyon 88; Trask; Brandcgce; Avalon vicinitj', Grant & Wheeler 74/6262; Smith
3043, Millsp. 4727, Nuttall 4g8, 674, 730; Big Wash Canyon, Nuttall 106, 673;
Pebble Beach Canyon, Knopf 44; Middle Ranch Canyon, Millsp. 4578, 4017.
Nuttall 673, Knopf 317, 366; Cape Canyon, Millsp. 4676; Little Harbor, Nuttall
819; White's Valley, Knopf ^13; Howland's. Millsp. 4814; Salta Verde, Knopf
345- LOCO WEED, CRAZY WEED, RATTLE WEED.
There are many races of this species on the island, exhibiting various sizes,
forms and pubescence of leaflets.
2. P. fastidia Kell. Hesperian 4:145 (i860).
Astragalus fastidiosus Greene Bull. Calif. Acad. 1:186 (1885).
Astragalus fastidius Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 8 : 7 (1898) .
Similar in vegetative appearance to the last. Stipe very short,
about 8mm. long; leaflets lanceolate to narrowly-oblong, glabrous
above, calyx teetli very short ; pods oblong-oval, acute at base, 2.6 cm.
long, somewhat oblique.
Dry situations. Only once collected on the island. June. Mrs. Trask (in
herb. N. Y. as A. leucopsis). In remarking that the plant is "common" on the
island, Mrs. Trask had leucopsis in mind not differentiating the two species.
148 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
3. P. trichopodaNutt.T. &Gr. Fl. N. A. 1:343 (1838).
Astragalus trichopodus Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6:219 ( 1865) .
Strigulose-puberuleiit or at first hoary, in age almost glabrous :
stem slender, 3-9 dm. high : leaflets in many pairs, from narrowly
oblong to nearly linear, about 12.7mm. long: raceme short: flowers
8.4-10.5 mm. long: calyx-teeth very much shorter than the campanu-
late tube : corolla yellowish-white : pod oval, obtuse at both ends, over
12.7 mm. in length, but very much smaller and less bladdery than any
other of this subdivision ; its stipe only 6.3 mm. long.
Dry situations, general. May to July. Lyon 77 (as Antiselli) ; Brandcgee
(as leucopsis) ; vicinity of Avalon, Hull 82870, Beckzvith i, Boughton 14, Blake
gdg (as leucopsis); Pendleton 1369, Reed 2808 (as Antiselli), Rixford; Rattle-
snake Canyon, Niittall 262.
8. HOSACKIA Douglas.
Herbaceous or rarely suffrutescent ; leaves pinnate, 2-many-
foliolate ; stipules minute and gland-like, rarely scarious or f oliaceous ;
flowers yellow or reddish, in axillary sessile or pedunculate umbels.
Calyx-teeth nearly equal, usually shorter than the tube. Petals free
from the stamens, nearly equal: standard ovate or roundish, the claw
often remote from the others; wings obovate or oblong; keel some-
what incurved, obtuse or somewhat acutely beaked. Stamens
diadelphous ; anthers uniform. Style incurved. Pod linear, com-
pressed or somewhat terete, sessile, several-seeded, partitioned be-
tween the seeds.
Leaflets 1-3. rachis terete i. americana
Leaflets more than 3, rachis dilated :
Flowers solitary in the axils :
Calyx teeth equaling the tube 2. Wrangeliana
Calyx teeth much longer than tube 3. brachycarpa
Flowers apical on the few-many-flowered peduncles :
Peduncles 2-5-flowered, seeds smooth 4. maritima
Peduncles 1-2-flowered, seeds tuberculate :
Annuals :
Flowers g-i2mm. long 5. strigosa
Flowers 4-5 mm. long 6. rubella
Perennial, flowers capitate, 15 mm. long 7. anthylloides
I. H. americana (Nutt.) Piper, Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 11 :366
(1906).
Trigonclla americana Nutt. Gen. 120 ( 1818).
Hosackia Purshiana Bth. Lindl. Hot. Reg. t. 1257 pt. 15 (1829).
Plant 3-6 dm. high, erect or assurgent, more or less hairy, some-
times villous, much branched ; leaves nearly sessile : leaflets 10-20 mm.
long, 3 (rarely 4), oblong, rather acute; peduncles longer than the
leaves; bract i-foliate; flowers 6-8 mm. long. Calyx deeply parted;
segments linear subulate, nearly as long as the corolla when the flower
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 149
first expands. Petals rose-color ; the vexillum with deeper minute
stripes. Legume 2.6 cm. or more in length, nearly terete, about 6-
seeded, with spongy imperfect partitions between the seeds. Seeds
buff dusted with dark clouding and maculate with blackish irregular
spots, oblong 2 X 3.5 mm., the hilum central.
Fields and canyon washes. June to September. Brandegee list; Big Wash
Canyon, Nuttall 235, 6'^g; Graveyard Canyon, Knopf 1^3; Grand Canyon head,
Nuttall 610. SPANISH CLOVER.
2. H. Wrangeliana (F. & M.) G. Don. Sweet Hort. Brit. ed. 3:165
(1839).
Lotus Wrangelianus F. & M. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 16 (1835).
Stem slender, diffuse, sparsely hirsute ; leaflets 4, oblong, some-
what glaucous; peduncles axillary, very short, i-flowered; flowers
small; bracts none; legume pubescent, 12.7mm. long; seeds 5-7, red-
brown, 2.25mm. diameter (ripe?), subquadrangular-ovate, unmarked,
the hilum above the middle, i. e., at the upper third.
Found only by Mrs. Trask (as H. subpinnata) "Infrequent in certain locali-
ties," June, 1900. (in herb. N. Y.).
3. H. brachycarpa Bth. PI. Hartw. 306 (1849).
Lotus humistratus Greene, Pitton. 2 : 139 ( 1890) .
Resembling depauperate forms of the last but more diffuse; herb-
age soft villous; flowers nearly sessile, yellow; calyx-teeth linear,
much longer than the tube ; pod oblong, i cm. long, pilose, 2-3-seeded.
Seeds red-brown, 2.25 x 2 mm., strongly quadrangular, unmarked,
hilum as in H. Wrangeliana.
Found only by Mrs. Trask (in herb. U. S. Natl. Mus. 3401 13) who says:
"Rare. One locality only" (which she does not indicate), April, 1898.
4. H. maritimaNutt. T. &Gr. Fl. N.A. 1:326 (1838).
Lotus salsuginosus Greene, Pitton. 2:140 (1890).
Rather succulent, somewhat strigose, prostrate, much branched :
leaflets 4-5, alternate, obovate, obtuse ; the petioles are usually broad,
so as to appear somewhat winged; peduncles 1-3-flowered, naked or
with a trifoliolate bract; legume glabrous, subterete, straight: flowers
numerous, yellow and rather conspicuous, the early ones solitary and
without a bract. Seeds ovoid, 1.5 x 1.25 mm., greenish, mottled with
fine, dark dots and heavy, irregular black stripes.
Dry sandy situations sometimes far inland. May to June. Trask; Brande-
gee; Pebble Beach Road, Smith 5037, 5050, Pendleton 1375, Reed 2809, Nuttall
107, Beckwith 2, 3 (in herb. Rochester), &o, 81 (in herb. N. Y.) ; Rock Spring
Canyon, Knopf 137; Equestrian Trail and Pacific Ridge, Nuttall 318.
5. H.. strigosa Nutt. T & Gr. Fl. N. A. i : 326 (1838) .
Lotus strigosus Greene, Pitton. 2 : 141 ( 1890) .
A small plant like the following ; strigosely pubescent, decumbent,
150 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
much branched ; leaflets 6-9, alternate, lanceolate-Hnear, acute ;
peduncles naked, or with a bract of 1-3 minute leaflets, bracts some-
times wanting on the lowest flowers, 1-3-foliolate on the upper ones.
Flowers yellow. Corolla nearly twice as long as the calyx; legume
pubescent, nearly straight, about 2.6 cm. long, 7-10-seeded; seeds
coarsely tuberculate, quadrate with hollowed facets, 1.5 mm. diameter.
Common on dry slopes. March to September. Gambel (as Microlotus
nudiflorus) ; Trask ; Brandegce ; Reservoir Hill and Cherry Valley, Millsp
4908, 5000; Descanso and Hamilton Canyons, Nnitall 210: divide between White's
Valley and Middle Ranch, Knopf 60.
6. H.rubellaNutt.T.&Gr. Fl. N.A.I : 326 (1838).
Lotus ntbelliu Greene, Pitton. 2 : 141 ( 1890) .
Strigosely pubescent, much branched; leaflets 6-10, alternate,
linear, rather obtuse, peduncles 1-3-flowered, naked, or with a bract of
a single leaflet ; legume 2.6 cm. long, pubescent, nearly straight, 7-10-
seeded. Seeds yellowish-brown. With the preceding, to which it is
closely allied, but with smaller and reddish flowers.
Gravelly places, dry or moist. March to May. Covering a broad, dry,
heavy-gravel level in Gallagher's Canyon, Millsp. 4863; Coach Road and Avalon
Valley, Nuttall 5J, 145.
This species, though upright, is weak and lax, about 4 dm. high.
7. H. anthylloides (Gray) Millsp. co»/^. wot'.
Ilosackia qrandiflora anthvlloidcs Gray, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila. 1863:350 (1863).
Low, ^.;^ dm. high or less, velvety-pubescent. Leaflets of the
upper leaves acute or pointed. Peduncles scarcely exceeding the
leaves. Calyx-teeth attenuate, about as long as the tube. Corolla
(14.8mm. long) white and purplish-red; pods cylindric, thick-valved,
glabrous, 1-2.5 cm. ^^ng; seeds reddish-brown, smooth, quadrangular,
1.25 cm. in diameter.
The type — collected by IVallace in 1854 (in herb. Gray). It has not been
seen by later collectors.
9. SYRMATIUM Vogel.
Herbaceous or suftrutescent perennials with odd-pinnate leaves :
Flowers in sessile or pedunculate umbels, the umbels bracted or
bractless. Closely related to Hosackia, but the pods indehiscent,
more or less attenuate into the style, and often arcuate.
Umbels bracted :
Calyx-teeth as long as tube, pubescence silvery i. ornithopum
Calyx-teeth half as long as tube, pubescence not silvery
2. Traskiae
Umbels bractless :
Leaves crispid-pubescent 3. micranthura
Leaves glabrous :
Umbels sessile, seeds olive green, not marked. 4. glabrum.
LTmbels pedunculate, seeds buff, freckled. 5. dendroideum.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugii & Nuttall 151
I. S. ornithopum Greene {ornithopus) Bull. Calif. Acad. 2:146
(1886).
Hosackia ornithopus Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1:185 (1885).
Perennial from a woody base ; stems 3 dm. high, densely silky
throughout, the branches many, rigid, ascending; leaves 12-24 mm.
long; leaflets 4-7, 7-12 mm. long, oblong, acute at both ends; umbels
numerous, on peduncles longer than the leaves, single-bracted, many-
flowered; flowers 8-9 mm. long; calyx 4-5 mm. long, the teeth about
equaling the tube, subulate; pod 2-3-seeded, long-rostrate, strongly
curved upward. Seeds grayish-green, flat, smooth, oblong, 1.5 mm.
long, 0.5 mm. broad.
Canyon washes and dry ridges, common, blooms the year around. Lyon &
Nevin; Trask; Brandegee; Moxley 721; Smith 5020; Pendleton 1400; Reed 2837 ;
Grant 713; Grant & Wheeler 708/6257 (as Lotus tomentosus) ; Hasse; Mc-
Clatchie; Rusby; Fisher; Davidson; Eastwood 64S8, 6514; Carlson, Millsp.
4498, 4843, 4925; Nuttall 16, 1211; Knopf 49; Macbride & Payson 835; Boughton
12; Moonstone Beach, Knopf 378. SILVERY CLOVER.
The various reports of 5". argophyllum, H. argophylla, L. argophyllus and
S. niveum from the island refer to the above species ; argophyllum has much
shorter calyx lobes and belongs to the Pine Belts of the mainland.
2. S. Traskiae Eastw. Abrams, Fl. Los. Ang. 201 (1917).
Stems sutirutescent, erect, 4-18 dm. high, the branches appearing
2-ranked, pubescent at the tips with short white hairs, becoming
nearly glabrous; leaflets 3-4, usually 3, 8-12 mm. long, linear, acute at
both ends, on an elongated finely pubescent rachis; umbels on slender
peduncles shorter than the leaves, with a linear bract, 2-5-flowered;
flowers I cm. long; calyx 5 mm. long, scantily pubescent, the teeth
short, pointed ; corolla yellow ; pod 3-4 cm. long, very slender, with a
short very slender tip, thinly pubescent. No ripe fruit seen.
Dry hillsides and washes. March to June. Trask; Grant & Wheeler
7ioa/2958; Davidson; Moonstone Beach, Knopf 377; Coach Road near Avalon,
Nuttall 58.
The type collection was from Mosquito Harbor, San Clemente Island, Mrs.
Trask 287.
3. S. micranthum (Nutt.) Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 2 :i47 (1886).
Hosackia micrantha Nutt. T. & Gr. Fl. N. A. i :324 ( 1838) .
Lotus hamatus Greene, Pitton 2 : 150 ( 1890) .
Stems spreading on the ground. Leaves smaller and more
rounded than in the preceding species. Leaflets 4-6, cuneate or
obovate, obtuse. Umbels 3-6-flowered, almost sessile, without bracts ;
the flowers minute, yellow. Plant pubescent (particularly the young
shoots), prostrate. Teeth of the caly:x short. Vexillum shorter than
the keel. Legume pubescent, with a very long involute point. Pod
linear-terete, minutely strigose-pilose, about 1.5 cm. long arising from
a strongly incurved, U-shaped calyx, the tip strongly incurved, un-
cinate. Seed elongate-cylindric, smooth, red-brown, narrov/ing from
152 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
the rounded base to the rounded apex, 3 mm. long, 0.75 mm. in
diameter at the base.
Open, moist situations. April to July. Gambel (as Drepanolobus parvi-
ftorus Nutt in herb. Gray) ; Hasse; Grant; Avalon Canyon at Chicken Johnny's,
Big Wash Canyon, and along the Coach Road, Nuttall 144, 232, 54.
The species is well represented on the mainland by: Hasse, April, 1890,
Sterile Hills, Los Angeles County ; Parry, May, 1882, San Diego ; Parish 2172,
San Bernardino, June 3. 1891 ; and F. E. & E. S. Clements 146, La Jolla.
4. S. glabrum Vog. Linnea 10: 591 (1836).
Hosackia glabra Torr. Bot. U. S. Expl. Exped. 2 1274 (1856).
Suffrtitescent. tufted and reedy, 5-10 dm. high, erect or decum-
bent, nearly glabrous; leaflets mostly 3, oblong to linear-oblong, 6-12
mm. long, obtuse or acute ; timbels numerous, sessile ; flowers 6-8 mm.
long, yellow, turning reddish ; calyx 3-5 mm. long ; the teeth subulate,
erect, slightly less than half as long as the tube. Pod long pointed.
Seed I, olive green, cylindric, very slightly curved, rounded at both
ends, not maculate, 2 x 0.75 mm.
In the beds of canyons. Blooms thp year around. Avalon Run, McClatchie,
Brandcgce* (as S. dendroideum in herb. Field), Moxley 722, Nuttall 948; Big
Wash Canyon, Nuttall 678. g6i; 1004-1006; along the Coach Road, Nuttall 727;
Descanso Canyon at the upper end, and along the Coach Road between How-
land's and Johnson's, Millsp. 4495, 4819; Pebble Beach Canyon, Knopf 4. Ap-
parently much commoner than the next.
5. S. dendroideum Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 2 : 146 (1886).
Lotus dendroideus Greene, Pitton. 2 : 148 ( 1890) .
Shrubby, the stems erect, 2-5 cm. thick, the branches numerous,
short, their tips densely silky-pubescent ; leaflets 3-5, on a dilated
rachis, 4-8 mm. long, oblong, obtuse ; umbels on peduncles shorter
than the leaves, bractless, many-flowered ; flowers 7-8 mm. long ;
calyx 4 mm. long, densely pubescent, the teeth short and blunt, hairy ;
pod 2-seeded, 1 1 mm. long, slightly curved with a short tip. Seeds
buff, freckled with irregular, brown spots, cylindric, more curved than
the last, rounded at both ends, 2.5 x i mm.
At the West End, Lyon & Nevin (as Hosackia glabra in herb. Gray) ;
Macbride & Pay son 855 (as H. glabra in herb. Gray) ; Pebble Beach Road,
Smith 5047; Pebble Beach Canyon, Nuttall 493.
10. VICIA Linn.
Climbing or traihng, herbaceous vines, with pinnate tendril-
bearing leaves, half -sagittate or entire stipules, and axillary, mostly
*Brandegee says (Zoe 1:1 11 & 135): A polymorphous species (S. glabrum,
dendroideum, patens) growing usually in slender clustered form of the main-
land, but sometimes with a considerable elongation of the woody base, when it
becomes S. dendroideum." An observation based upon the varying vegetative
characters (there being many races of both the species), but the seeds, even
though but partly mature, readily differentiate the plants. We have not seen
the seeds of the following Catalina specimens credited to dendroideum: East-
wood 6458; Parish 10762.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 153
racemose, flowers. Calyx-tube somewhat oblique, obtuse at the base,
its teeth about equal. Standard obovate or oblong, emarginate,
clawed; wings obliquely oblong, adherent to the shorter oblong
curved keel. Stamens diadelphous (9 and i), or monadelphous
below. Ovules co ; style very slender, with a tuft or ring of hairs at
its summit. Pod flat, dehiscent, 2-valved, continuous between the
seeds.
I . V. exigua Nutt. T. & Gr. Fl. N. A. i : 272 (1838) .
Slender annual, 20-60 cm. high, more or less pubescent : leaflets
about 4 pairs, linear, acute, 12.7 mm.-2.6cm. long: peduncles
usually short, rarely 2-flowered : flowers 6.3 mm. long, purplish ;
calyx-teeth lanceolate, nearly equalling the tube : pod smooth, linear-
oblong, about 6-seeded. Seeds globular, 2.25 mm. diameter, dark-
brown, rather densely marked with irregular, darker maculations.
In grassy places. March to May. Ganibel; Miss McClatchie ; Brandcgee ;
Smith 4970; upper Pebble Beach Road, Nuttall 108, 684; near the summit of the
Equestrian Trail and Hamilton and Silver Canyons, Nuttall 54.3, 228, 683; Big
Wash Canyon, Millsp. 485^, Nuttall 238; Cottonwood Canyon, Knopf 395.
VETCH.
II. LATHYRUS Linn.
Herbaceous vines, rarely erect herbs, with pinnate mostly tendril-
bearing leaves, and racemose or sometimes solitary flowers. Calyx
oblique or gibbous at the base, its teeth nearly equal or the upper ones
somewhat shorter than the lower ; corolla nearly as in Vicia, but
commonly larger; stamens diadelphous (9 and i), or monadelphous
below. Ovary sessile or stalked ; ovules generally numerous ; style
curved, flattened, hairy along its inner side ; pod flat, or sometimes
terete, 2-valved, dehiscent, continuous between the seeds.
I . L. Alefeldi White, Bull. Torr. Club. 21 : 449 ( 1894) .
Orohus calif ornicus Alef. Bonpl. 9:146 (1861) ex. syn. not
Lathyrus calif ornicus Dougl.
Perennial ; glabrous or sparingly pubescent throughout ; stem
rather stout, flexuous, quadrangular, wingless, scarcely striate be-
tween the angles; stipules semi-cordate, acuminate, thick and strongly
reticulated, one-third to one-half as long as the leaflets, and often
nearly as broad, the lower lobe very coarsely acuminately toothed,
leaflets 6-10, alternate or in pairs, oblong to ovate or obovate, obtuse,
frequently retuse, thick and stiff, prominently reticulated, glabrous on
both surfaces, 1.5-4 cm. long, one-half to one-third as broad; tendrils
long, stout and trifid ; peduncle 6-io-flowered, twice as long as the
corresponding leaf ; flowers large 2-3 cm. long ; corolla purple, pedi-
154 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
eels longer than the calyx-tube, calyx dilated, pubescent, particularly
on the margin ; upper calyx-teeth broadly triangular, acute, lateral
pair oblong-lanceolate, and the lowest coriaceous, subulate, the three
lower teeth equalling the tube, the upper shorter ; legume fiat, spar-
ingly pubescent, about 8-seeded.
Moist shady banks or among grasses. January to May. The many flow-
ered, ovate-leaved race: Lyon; Trask; Brandegee (as L. vestitus) ; trail to
Summit and in Cherry Canyon, Smith 5030, 5094; shady, rich banks along
Avalon Run, Millsp. 4736; Golf Links Canyon and Big Wash Canyon, Nuttall
77, 1085.
The (sometimes) fewer-flowered, narrow-leaved race: dry stream-bed m
open pasture, Middle Ranch, Millsp. 4607a; ridge between Rock Spring and
Rock Falls Canyons, Moxley 690; Schoolhouse Ridge and Pebble Beach Canyon,
Nuttall 45, 20$, 676; ridge between Descanso and Hamilton Canyons, Knopf 38.
WILD SWEET PEA.
There are many races of this plant some with more and larger flowers,
some with broadly oval to ovate leaves, others with ovate-lanceolate to linear,
but all may appear on one stem. These races do not even remain constant as
to shady or exposed situations though tlie broader leaves are more common to
shade and the narrower to exposure. The synonomy would be difficult to settle
upon except through extended field work, copious notes, ripe fruit, and a goodly
series of well prepared specimens. Apparently (at this writing) the following
species are included in this: L. strictus Nutt. (this would supplant Alefeldi)
and L. violaceus (!) Barberae White; but possibly not L. vestitus Nutt., L
violaccus Greene, and L. puberulus White. All attempts to properly classify
vines or climbing plants through leaf-forms and sizes ; inadequate herbarium
material ; or worse still by cultivation from seed, in which case characters can
not remain constant, appears to us worse than futile.
[Genista linifolia Linn. The European DYERS' GREEN-
WOLD grows as a silvery, yellow-flowered bush, four feet high, at
the summit of the cable railway on the south hill above Avalon, where
it blooms profusely from March to April (Millsp. 4836). It has not,
so far, shown a tendency to become naturalized.]
[Acacia sps. There have been transplanted to the hill path
above Lover's Cove, several species of Acacia of evident Australian
origin {Nuttall loi, rip, 6/2). They are growing and fruiting luxur-
iantly but have, so far, shown no tendency to reproduce on the
island.]
[Mucuna sp. One of the old fishermen claims to have collected
in 191 5, "about a dozen sea beans" (Knopf 206) from "a bush
growing at the base of a seaside hill in one of the bays of the island
shore." He claims to have no positive remembrance of the exact
spot, and that they might possibly have been from a vine climbing
over the bush. Though he has attempted to guide Mr. Knopf to the
locality, no specimen has, as yet, resulted.]
Order 10. GERANIALES.
Herbs, shrubs, trees or sometimes succulent or tender plants or
woody vines with tissues with or without secreting glands or cells.
Leaves various in position and form. Calyx and corolla regular or
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 155
irregular sometimes appendaged with a spur or sac. Stamens as
many as the sepals or petals sometimes twice as many, rarely more ;
anthers opening lengthwise. Ovary superior, mostly copipound :
ovules pendulous, the raphe toward the axis of the ovary.
Petals evident, usually as many as the sepals.
Flowers regular or very nearly so :
Tissues devoid of secreting cells or glands :
Leaves palmately cleft, parted or divided. i. Geraniaceae.
Leaves compound. 2. Oxalidaceae.
Leaves peltate. 3. Tropaeolaceae.
Tissues with secreting cells or glands :
Leaves punctate. 4. Rut.a.ceae.
Flowers often apetalous, monoecious ; carpels
mostly 3. 5. Euphorbiaceae.
Family i. GERANIACEiE.
GERANIUM FAMILY
Annual, biennial or perennial herbs wnth erect scape-like or dif-
fusely dichotomous stems. Leaves normally opposite, stipulate,
blades toothed, lobed, or more or less pinnately, palmately or pedately
cleft, parted or divided. Flowers regular, cymose; calyx of 5 im-
bricate persistent sepals each often terminating in a subulate tip which
is occasionally bristle-appendaged ; corolla of 5 white or colored
deciduous petals; receptacle with or without 5 glands. Androecium
of 10 or rarely 5 or fewer stamens the filaments united at the base.
Gynoecium of 5 carpels whose styles are adnate to an elongate cen-
tral column from which they break at maturity ; each carpel 2-
ovulate but maturing but i seed. Seed with little endosperm;
cotyledons folded, incumbent.
Tails of the carpels not bearded :
Fertile stamens 10. i. Geranium.
Tails of the carpels bearded inside :
Fertile stamens 5. 2. Erodium.
I. GERANUIM Linn.
Annual or perennial herbs the rootstocks, when present, ter-
minating in a simple or branched caudex. Leaves opposite ; blades
palmately or radially lobed, cleft or parted; Sepals 5, usually awn-
tipped, occasionally awnless. Petals 5, often pubescent near the base,
not markedly differentiated into claw and blade. Stamens 10 or rarely
5 ; filaments usually ciliate near the base. Style column usually beaked,
the styles glabrous within, not spirally twisted when freed from the
axis. Carpel bodies turgid, permanently attached to the styles.
156 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
rounded at the base, not appendaged at the top. Seeds smooth,
reticulate or pitted.
I. G. carolinianum Linn. Sp. PI. 682 (1753).
Annual or biennial. Stem simple below, erect, or branched at the
base, branches ascending or rarely spreading, more or less glandular
pubescent; leaf blades 3-6 cm. broad, reniform or orbicular-renifomi
in outline, slightly angular, the main divisions cleft or parted, lobes
oblong or linear-oblong; peduncles and pedicels relatively short
forming a congested inflorescence ; sepals awn-tipped the outer ones
6-10 mm. long, ovate or broadly ovate the awn tips rather long; petals
pink or whitish about as long as the sepals; style-column 12-18 mm.
long at maturity, with somewhat spreading often glandular hairs ;
carpel bodies 3-3.5 mm. long, pilose with erect hairs ; seeds reticulate.
Shady situations in canons. June to July. Canon opposite Chicken Johnny's,
June 16. 1920; Niittall 342; Trask (N. Y., Feld) ; Brandegee. CRANESBILL,
WILD GERANIUM.
2. ERODIUM L'Her.
Annual or perennial herbs at first acaulescent later with more or
less elongated stems. Leaves opposite ; blades merely toothed or pin-
natifid or pinnately divided, often long-petioled. Sepals 5, the awn-
tips sometimes bristle appendaged. Petals 5, those of the later flowers
reduced more than in the earlier ones. Stamens 5, alternating with
5 staminodia. Style column conspicuously elongate, the styles
pubescent within and spirally coiled when free from the central axis.
Carpel-bodies narrow, acute at the base. Seeds smooth.
Leaf divisions large, ovate :
Sepal tips nude. i. moschatum.
Leaf divisions small, narrow :
Sepal tips long bristled. 2. cicutarium.
I E. moschatum (L.) L'Her. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. I. 2 : 414 (1789).
Geranium moschatum Linn. Sp. PI. 680 , ( 1753).
Leaves 5-12 cm. long or sometimes shorter; blades pinnately
divided, the segments ovate or oblong-ovate 1-3 cm. long, toothed or
pinnately cleft, the lobes toothed; peduncles and pedicels glandular-
pubescent ; sepals with a short, subulate tip destitute of bristles, the
outer 6-7 mm. long, oblong or elliptic-oblong ; petals slightly longer
than the sepals ; anther-bearing filaments 2-toothed ; style-column
3.5-4.5 cm. long in fruit, puberulent. Seeds elongated pyriform, 4 mm.
long.
Very abundant in meadows and moist, grassy places, becoming more plenti-
ful through its rank and rapid growth than the next species. January to June.
On the Coach Road at the Wishbone, January 10, 1920, Millsp. 4563; roadside
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 157
and fields at the Isthmus, 4627, 4919. The earlier collectors do not report its
presence on the Island. Mrs. Trask distributed it as E. cicutarium (N. Y.,
Field). PIN CLOVER.
2. E. cicutarium (L.) L'Her. supra.
Geranium cicutarium Linn, supra.
Leaves 5-12 cm. long, pinnately divided, the segments narrowly
oblong pinnatitid or incisely toothed ; peduncles and pedicels more or
less hirsute rarely glandular; sepals with short tips furnished with
1-3 bristle-like appendages, the outer 6-7 mm. long, oblong or nearly
so ; petals somewhat longer than the sepals ; anther-bearing filaments
toothless ; style-column 3-4 cm. long in fruit ; minutely pubescent ;
seeds 2.5 mm. long.
Common on dry banks, roadsides and in arid situations. January to June.
The beautiful, radiate, flat rosettes just appearing in bloom January 10, 1920, on
the dry. trodden margin of the Coach Road at the Wishbone, Millsp. 4562; slopes
of the high hill back of the Avalon School House. May 29, 1920, Nuttall 31;
Knopf 2S; Trask ; Lyon; Brandcgce. FILAREE (a corruption of the Spanish
name Alfilerilla). It is asserted that, some years ago, a Mexican sheep herder,
knowing the value of this plant as fodder, was wont to carry a quantity of the
seed with him on his rides about the island and sow it broadcast in all new
localities he visited.
Family 2. OXALIDACE^.
SORREL FAMILY
Herbs, commonly with horizontal or bulb-like rootstocks, or
shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, sometimes all basal, rarely reduced
to phyllodia ; stipules free, adnate to the petiole, or obsolete, blades
compound, commonly palmately or pinnately 3-foliate or often sev-
eral-many-foliate, or rarely i-foliate but predominately with obcor-
date or obreniform blades. Flowers perfect, nearly regular but un-
symmetrical, borne in simple or compound cymes which terminate
peduncles. Calyx of 5 herbaceous or rarely petaloid sepals. Corolla
of 5 various colored or white petals. Androecium of twice as many
stamens as there are sepals, in 2 rows ; filaments united at the base, the
longer ones sometimes appendaged on the back ; anthers 2-celled,
versatile. Gynoecium 5-carpellary, the carpel bodies united ; styles
distinct or merely coherent ; stigmas terminal or introrse, entire or
cleft. Ovules several or many in each carpel, or rarely only i or 2.
Fruit a capsule with each carpel opening by a longitudinal valve, or
a berry. Seeds transversely wrinkled.
Acaulescent :
Rootstock elongate with bulblets at the nodes. i. Bolboxalis.
Caulescent :
Rootstock from an elongated tuberous root. 2. Xanthoxalis.
158 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
1. BOLBOXALIS Small.
Perennial succulent herbs with rootstocks which bear bulblets at
their nodes. Leaves alternate but clustered ; petioles elongate ; blades
palmately 3-f oliolate ; leaflets sessile, with broadly obcordate or some-
what obreniform blades. Flowers borne in umbel-like cymes sub-
tended by scale-like bracts; sepals 5, nearly equal, or the inner ones
slightly narrower than the outer, each bearing a pair of apical
tubercles ; petals 5, yellow, typically large and conspicuous. Stamens
10, filaments united at the base, the longer ones appendaged on the
back. Ovary elongate ; styles slender ; stigmas capitate. Capsule
oblonsf or columnar. Seeds tuberculate. wrinkled.
1. B. cernua (Thunb.) Small N. A. Flora 25:28 (1907).
Oxalis cernua Thunb. Diss. Oxal. 14 ( 1781 ) .
Plants 1-4 dm. tall, bright green ; leaflets 2-3.5 cm. broad or less,
the blades very broadly obcordate, glabrous or sometimes pubescent
beneath ; peduncles surpassing the leaves, glabrous at least in age ;
pedicels 4-20, more or less pubescent; sepals lanceolate to linear-
lanceolate, 4.5-6.5 mm. long, the outer ones more pubescent than the
inner ; petals deep yellow, 2-3 cm. long ; filaments glabrous : gynoe-
cium pubescent ; capsules 5-8 mm. long.
A native of the Cape of Good Hope thoroughly and plentifully established
on the grassy east slopes of Descanso Cation (MiUsp. 4542, Jany. 5, 1920) and in
many other localities in the vicinity of Avalon.
2. XANTHOXALIS Small.
Herbs with horizontal rootstocks or with merely annual tap-
roots ; or shrubs. Leaves alternate, often clustered at the nodes,
the stipules obsolete or merely dilations at the base of the petiole;
blades palmately 3-foliolate, the leaflets mostly about as wide as long,
or wider and obcordate, or rarely broadest near the base and merely
obtuse, acute or acuminate, all sessile. Flowers borne in umbel-like
or dichotomous cymes, the stalk not joined. Sepals 5, herbaceous
or petaloid, the inner ones often slightly narrower than the outer ;
petals 5, yellow or purplish and rarely darker at the base, deciduous,
broadened upward; stamens 10, the filaments united in a tube at the
base. Ovary mostly elongate; styles filiform or subulate. Capsule
columnar to oblong, or decidedly narrowed upward, prismatic, erect.
Seeds transversely ridged, the ridges sometimes broken up into
tubercles.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 159
1. X. californica Abrams Bull. Torr. Club 34 : 264 (1907).
Stems erect or decumbent, 1-4 dm. tall, with scattered, appressed
or lax hairs, or nearly glabrous in age, tufted on long-fusiform woody
roots; leaves bright green, the blades 7-16 mm. broad with scattered
hairs on both surfaces and ciliate ; peduncles much longer than the
l^etioles ; pedicels strigillose relatively long and often conspicuously-
elongate and refracted in fruit ; sepals 5-6.5 mm. long at maturity,
usually purple-margined and tipped ; petals orange-yellow, salmon on
the outer surface, 9-13 mm. long; longer filaments glabrous; capsules
columnar, very stout, ii-i6mm. long, minutely pubescent, rather
abruptly narrowed at the apex; seeds ovoid. 1.8mm. long, transversely
anastomose-wrinkled.
On dry banks in canons. April to June. Silver Canon, March 27 (not in
flower) 1920, Millsp. 48^9; Rock Spring Caiion, May 6, 1920 (in full flower
and ripe fruit), Nuttall 127, 745; Knopf 91; Mrs. Trask (N, Y.) ;
Family 3. TROP^OLACE^.
NASTURTIUM FAMILY
Twining or spreading annual or perennial sometimes tuberous
herbs with usually peltate leaf-blades which are angled, lobed or dis-
sected, axillary, i -flowered peduncles or the flowers rarely in umbels.
Flowers irregular, perfect, th^ hypanthium produced backward into a
spur. Sepals 5, imbricate or valvate, connate at the base. Petals 5,
rarely fewer by abortion, imbricate, the upper ones exterior and more
or less dissimilar to the lower and on account of the posterior enlarge-
ment of the hypanthium, at some distance from the stamens. Stamens
8, free, unequal, declinate. Ovary 3-lobed, 3-celled; style single,
apical, filiform, the branches short, introrsely stigmatic. Ovule
solitary, pendulous from the apex of the cell. Fruit with the carpels
persistent a short time and then separating from the axis, indehiscent,
indurated, fleshy, wrinkled. Seed without endosperm ; cotyledons
thick, fleshy; hypocotyl very short.
I. TROP^OLUM Linn.
Characters of the family as above.
1. T. majus Linn. Sp. PI. 345 (i753)-
Leaves orbicular, peltately nerved, slightly 5-lobed by crenations,
the apical nerve not exserted beyond the margin ; petals obtuse.
A well-known Peruvian plant: our common garden NASTURTIUM, widely
escaped and established in moist, grassy places, in the vicinity of Avalon
(Millsp. 4537, Jany. 3, 1920), Banning's Landing; Cherry Valley; and How-
land's, this latter location far removed from dwellings of any character.
i6o Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Family 4. RUTACEiE.
RUE FAMILY
Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs, with heavy-scented and glandular-
punctate foliage, mainly compound estipulate leaves, and perfect or
polygamo-dicecious flowers. Sepals 4 or 5, or none. Petals 4 or 5,
hypogynous or perigynous. Stamens of the same number, or twice
as many, distinct, inserted on the receptacle ; anthers 2-celled, mostly
versatile. Disk annular. Pistils 1-5 distinct, or i and composed of
2-5 carpels, inserted on the receptacle. Fruit various, a capsule, berry
or samara.
I. RUTA Linn.
Perennial caulescent sometimes partly woody herbs, with gland-
ular-punctate foliage and often heavy scented herbage. Leaves
alternate ; blades divided. Flowers in terminal corymbose or panicled
cymes. Sepals 4-5, persistent. Petals 4-5, yellow or greenish, imbri-
cated. Disk thick, 8-io-lobed. Stamens 8-10. Ovary 4-5-celled,
sessile, 4-5-lobed ; styles united ; stigma terminal. Ovules several
in each cavity of the ovary. Capsule 4-5-celled, 4-5-lobed, commonly
opening at the apex. Seeds several.
I. R. graveolens Linn. Sp. PI. 383 (1753).
Stems 2-8 dm. tall, corymbose at the ends : leaf -blades twice
ternately divided, the ultimate segments rounded or notched at the
apex : sepals triangular or ovate, 2.4-4 t^t^- long : petals 5-7 mm. long,
the broad blade with involute margins and apex, abruptly narrowed
into the claw: capsules depressed, 8-1 1 mm. wide, 4-5-lobed.
Waste grounds. April to May. Avalon Valley near Chicken Johnny's,
Millsp. 4647. RUE. The plants are quite woody and appear like shrubs. This
is the only station so far known, for this European immigrant, on the island.
Family 5. EUPHORBIACE^.
SPURGE FAMILY
Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with milky acrid juice, monoecious or
dioecious commonly apetalous and often naked flowers, a free and
usually 3-celled ovary, having one or a pair of collateral anatropous
ovules (solitary in our species) pendulous from the summit of each
cell, and maturing into a mostly 3-celled and 3-lobed elastically
dehiscent capsule, the lobes septicidally separating and then loculi-
cidally splitting into two valves, leaving a central axis ; the crustaceous
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall i6i
seeds with a large and straight embryo (having usually broad coty-
ledons) in the axis of rather scanty albumen. Stamens i to many.
Styles or stigmas as many or twice as many as the cells of the ovary.
Leaves mostly alternate and simple, often stipulate.
Flowers without an involucre :
Capsule i-celled. i. Eremocarpu.s.
Capsule 3-celled. 2. Ricinus.
Flowers in a cup-shaped involucre :
Involucral glands unappendaged. 3. Tithymalus.
Involucral glands with petaloid appendages :
Leaves aequilateral, scattered. 4. Tricherostigma.
Leaves inaequilateral, opposite. 5. Cham.^esyce.
I. EREMOCARPUS Benth.
Flowers monoecious, in axillary cymose fascicles, without involu-
cre and apetalous, and the pistillate without calyx, Staminate calyx
5-6-parted, slightly imbricate. Stamens 6 or 7, central on the hairy
receptacle (disk obsolete) : filaments exserted: anthers inflexed in the
bud. Ovary with 4 or 5 small glands at the base, i-celled, i-ovuled;
style simple, filiform, stigmatic at the apex. Capsule obovate-oblong,
2-valved, Seed smooth and shining: albumen fleshy. Cotyledons
broad, cordate, as long as the radicle. — A low heavy-scented annual,
with alternate entire 3-nerved petiolate leaves, without stipules.
1. E, setigerus (Hook.) Bth. Hot. Sulph. 53, t. 26 (1844).
Croton setigerus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 141 (1838) ,
Piscaria setigera Piper, Fl. Wash. 383 (1893).
Hoary throughout with a very dense stellate pubescence and
hispid with stiff spreading hairs : stems stout, dichotomously branched
from the base, mostly procumbent or ascending, 3.3 dm. long or less :
leaves thick, ovate, obtuse, cuneate or roimded at base, i2.7mm,-5.i
cm, long, on long petioles, the upper crowded and apparently opposite
or ternate : staminate flowers pedicelled ; calyx with oblong obtuse
segments 2.1 mm. long: pistillate flowers in the lower axils, i to 3
together : ovary and style densely pubescent : capsule and seed 4.2 mm,
long.
On dry, grassy upland levels. May to Sept. Brandegee; Lyon (lists);
White's Landing, Smith 5172; Summit, Millsp. 4918 (fruit only) ; ridge west
of Avalon and at Summit. Nuttall 284. 639. TURKEY MULLEIN.
2. RICINUS.
A tall stout monoecious herb, glabrous and glaucous, with alternate
large peltate palmately lobed leaves, and numerous small apetalous
greenish flowers in terminal racemes, the pistillate above the sta-
t62 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany. Vol. V.
minate. Staminate flowers with a 3-5-parted calyx, the segments
valvate, and numerous crowded stamens ; filaments repeatedly
branched. Pistillate flowers with a caducous calyx. Capsule sub-
globose, or oval, separating into 3, 2-valved carpels. Endosperm
fleshy and oily. A monotypic genus.
I. R. communis Linn. Sp. PI. 1007 (i753)-
Stems erect, 1-5 m. tall, more or less branched, becoming tree-like
in warm regions. Leaves nearly orbicular in outline, 1-6 dm. broad,
6-ii-palmately lobed and peltate, the lobes toothed, acute, or acumin-
ate; capsule 12-16 mm. in diameter, usually spiny; seeds shining,
smooth, black variegated with white, or mottled with gray and brown
markings.
Escaped from cultivation, and thoroughly established, in the vicinity of
Avalon. January to December. Millsp. 41^8. CASTOR BEAN. CASTOR OIL
PLANT.
3. TITHYMALUS (Tourn.) Adans.
Annual or perennial milky herbs or shrubby plants with simple or
branched stems topped by several-rayed cyme-like umbels. Leaves
below the umbel scattered or alternate, estipulate, often broadened
upward ; bracts of the umbel quite different from the stem-leaves,
entire or toothed. Involucres sessile or peduncled, the lobes often
toothed; glands 4, transversely oblong and appearing reniform by the
cornuate extremities or appendages. Capsule smooth or tuberculate :
cocci rounded or more or less carinatc. Seeds variously pitted, often
carunculate.
Pods warty, glands discoid, entire. i. dictyospermus.
Pods smooth, glands crescent shaped, 2-horned. 2. leptocerus.
I. T. dictyospermus (F. & M.) Heller. Muhl. 1 156 (1904),
Euphorbia dictyosperma F. & M. Ind. Hb. Petrop. 2 137 (1835).
Annual, glabrous, usually erect, I5cm.-4dm. high: stem simple
below or often branching from the base dichotomously branched above :
cauline leaves scattered, oblong to obovate-spatulate, obtuse and ob-
tusely serrulate, often retuse, 1.2-3.8 cm. long; on the branches opposite,
broadly ovate to oblong, the floral ones round-ovate, subcordate,
mucronate, 4-6 mm. long : rays usually 3, 2 to 4 times forked : invo-
lucres and glands small : style bifid or parted : capsule with rounded and
warty lobes, 2-3 mm. long: seeds sub-globose, delicately net-veined,
dark colored with thin flattened caruncle.
Dry, open situations, March to May. "Rare in few localities." Trask :
Brandcqee list; hillside at Fisherman's Cove and Pebble Beach flat, Millsf'.
4786, 1S86.
Flora OF Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 163
2. T. leptocerus (Eng-elm.) Millsp. comh. nov.
Euphorbia leptocera Engelm. Pac. RR. 4 : 135 ( 1857) ■
Annual or sometimes biennial, glabrous, erect or decumbent at
the branching base, 3 dm. high : leaves obovate-spatulate, obtuse,
often mucronate, 1.2-3 cm. long, the upper ones sometimes erose-den-
ticulate ; those on the branches and the floral ones opposite or usually
ternate, deltoid or broadly rhombic-ovate, sometimes connate, acute,
6-12 mm. broad : branches 2 or 3 times dichotomous, the upper nodes
much the shorter : involucres turbinate, the oblong lobes nearly entire ;
glands large, crescent-shaped, the slender horns sometimes cleft:
styles elongated, bifid : capsule 4 min. broad : seeds usually ash-
colored, oblong-ovate, conspicuously dark-pitted, nearly 3 mm. long,
with a prominent caruncle.
Dry situations in canyons, March to June. In the arroya of Gallagher's
Canyon, Millsp. 4867 ; in the arroya of Avalon Run and of Big Wash Canyon.
Nuttall 170, Davidson; on the crest of the ridge at the left of Big Wash, Nuttall
336. SPURGE.
4. TRICHEROSTIGMA Kl. & Gke.
Shrubs, with erect or procumbent stems and more or less succu-
lent tissues. Leaves scattered, few, usually fugacious : blades small,
becoming firm. Stipules none. Involucres solitary, and subtended by
fleshy bracts near the ends of the branches, or in axillary cymes, hemi-
spheric, pubescent within ; lobes toothed or fimbriate. Glands 5,
subtended by entire petal-like appendages. Capsule 3-lobed, exserted.
Seeds 4-sided, somewhat wrinkled.
1 . T. miserum Kl. & Gke. Monatsbl. Akad. Berl. 248 ( 1859).
Euphorbia misera Bth. Bot. Sulph. 51 (1844).
A much branched straggling shrub, 6-9 dm. high : young branches
pubescent: leaves minutely puberulent or glabrate, solitary or few
upon the short branchlets, round-obovate, obtuse or retuse, mostly
cuneate at base, 4-12 mm. long, exceeding the petioles ; stipules fim-
briate: involucres hemispherical, solitary and terminal, 2.1mm.
long ; lobes short, inflexed ; glands purple, with a white crenulate
margin : capsules 4.2 mm. long, with rounded lobes, somewhat warty :
seeds round-ovate, reticulate-wrinkled or obscurely pitted, 3.5 mm.
long.
Coastal slopes and rocky shores, December to August. On rocks, scarcely
above high tide, between Lookout Point and Seal Rocks, Trask, Hasse.
5. CHAM^SYCE S. F. Gray.
Annual or perennial herbs or shrubs, the stem often diffuse at
164 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol, V.
the base ; the branches prostrate or ascending, forking. Leaves
opposite, inaequilateral, more or less oblique at the base, entire or
toothed ; stipules minute, entire or lacerate. Inflorescence solitary
or capitulate, axillary and terminal ; involucre toothed, glandular on
the margin; glands 4, naked or appendaged (the 5th gland repre-
sented by a sulcus in the margin of the involucral tube). Capsule
more or less globose, 3-coccous, the cocci sharply angled or rounded;
seeds minute, ovoid or elongated-ovoid, more or less quadrangular,
the facets smooth or transversely ridged.
I. C. serpyilifoiia (Pers.) Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 712, 1333 (1903).
Euphorbia serpyilifoiia Pers. Ench. Bot. 2 114 1807).
Annual, dark green, or becoming reddish, glabrous. Stems
branched from the base, the branches slender, prostrate or ascending,
1-4 dm. long: leaf-blades oblong to spatulate, 3-12 mm. long, obtuse
or retuse, nearly entire, or serrulate above the middle, short-petioled.
the base oblique, mostly truncate or obtuse : stipules at length a fringe
of weak bristles : involucres solitary in the axils, sometimes clustered
toward the ends of the branchlets, over i mm. long : glands 4, disk-
like ; appendages narrow, lobed : capsules 2 mm, broad, slightly nod-
ding ; seeds ovoid, hardly I mm. long, 4-angled, the facets transversely
wrinkled.
Flatly prostrate in dry, open places. June to December. Avalon Valley,
Trask: Brandegee list; Pendleton J 398; Nuttall 605; Knopf 232- GROUND
SPURGE.
Order 11. SAPINDALES.
Mostly trees or shrubs. Petals usually present and separate.
Sepals mostly distinct. Stamens rarely more than twice as many as
the sepals, when as many or fewer, opposite them. Ovary superior,
compound. Ovules pendulous, with the raphe away from the axis of
the ovary, or erect or ascending.
Family i. ANACARDIACE.ffi.
sumac family
Trees or shrubs, with acrid resinous or milky sap, alternate or
rarely opposite leaves, and polygamo-dioecious or perfect, mainly
regular flowers. Calyx 3-7-cleft. Petals of the same number, imbri-
cated in the bud, or rarely none. Disk generally annular. Stamens as
many or twice as many as the petals, rarely fewer, or more, inserted
at the base of the disk ; filaments mostly separate ; anthers commonly
Flora' OF Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 165
versatile. Ovary in the staminate flowers i -celled. Ovary in the
pistillate flowers i- or sometimes 4-5-celled ; styles 1-3; ovules i in
each cavity. Fruit generally a small drupe. Seed-coat bony or crust-
aceous ; endosperm little or none ; cotyledons fleshy.
Leaves trifoliate, deciduous. 1. Toxicodendron.
Leaves simple, evergreen :
Ovary and fruits viscid and hairy. 2. Neostvphonia.
Ovary and fruits smooth. 3. Malosma.
I. TOXICODENRON Mill.
Shrubs, small trees, or vines climbing by aerial rootlets, with
3-foliolate or pinnate leaves poisonous to the touch, and axillary
panicles of small, greenish or white polygamous flowers. Calyx
5-cleft; petals and stamens 5; ovary i-ovuled; style terminal.
Drupes small, glabrous, or sparingly pubescent when young, the stone
striate.
1 . T. diversilobum (T. & G.) Greene, Leaflets i : 1 19 (1905).
Plate XIII, f. 3.
Rhus diversiloba T. & G. Fl. N. A. 1 :2i8 (1838)
Nearly glabrous ; stem erect or climbing, with short leafy
branches; leaves 3- (rarely 5-) f oliolate ; leaflets very obtuse, in the
pistillate plant slightly in the staminate, rather deeply pinnately lobed ;
lobes very obtuse, the incisions acute ; panicles axillary, racemose ;
drupes subglobose.
Moister hillside woods and canyon bottoms. February to Maj'. Frequent
as an erect shrub 3-4 m. high, or climbing to greater heights. Lyon; Trask ;
Brandcgee; Gallagher's Canyon, Eastwood 6468; Swain's Canyon. Nuttall 622;
Banning's Canyon at the mouth, Millsp. 4^:96; Avalon Canyon, on the hillside
bank of Avalon Run, Smith 5069, Millsp. 4716, 47^4. POISON IVY, POISON
OAK. FIVE-LEAVED OAK.
The plants of this species on Catalina present far more variation in habit
and leaf form than any that we have met with on the mainland. This species
is a virulent poison, by contact, at any season of the year, to persons susceptible
to poisoning by "Poison Ivy" growing in this or other parts of America.
A case of poisoning from smelling of the crushed leaves in January, came
under the notice of the senior author while working on the island: the face
became suffused ; great heat and irritation accompanied by restlessness and
irritability followed ; extensive water blisters formed and large patches of
excoriation resulted. These were followed by exfoliation. The best remedy
proved to be the keeping of the affected parts nToi.st with a solution of hypo-
sulphite of soda.
2. NEOSTYPHONIA Shafer.
Shrubs or small trees, with simple toothed or entire coriaceous
persistent leaves. Flowers on bracted pedicels in short dense racemes
i66 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
closely paniculate at the ends of the branches. Calyx deeply 5-cleft,
the lobes rounded, concave. Petals and stamens 5. Ovary i-ovuled.
Fruit densely pubescent and viscid, acid, the exocarp persistent ; stone
smooth, strongly compressed.
Inflorescence cinereous, leaves obtuse. i. integri folia.
Inflorescence glabrate. leaves acute. 2. ovata.
1. N. integrifolia (Nutt.) Shafer, Britt. & Shaf. N. A. Trees 612
(1908).
Styphonia integrifolia Nutt. T. & Gr. Fl. N. A. i :220 (1838).
Rhus integrifolia B. & H., Wats. Wheeler Rep. 84 (1878).
Low evergreen shrub, 1-2 m. high, often more or less depressed,
with short stiff branches ; leaves mostly single sometimes a few
ternate, oval, rigid-coriaceous, very obtuse at both ends, or acutish at
base, entire or sometimes serrate, 2.5-4 cm. long, dark green and
shining above, veiny and paler beneath ; petioles 5-8 mm. long ; inflo-
rescence and young parts cinereous or canescently puberulent; flowers
white or rose-colored, glomerate, sessile, subtended by rather thick
orbicular bracts within which are 2 similar but thinner bractlets ,
sepals oval-orbicular, scarious-margined, ciliolate ; drupes very viscid
and acid, about 10 mm. in diameter.
Common on all hillside slopes. January to July. Near the Isthmus,
Lyon 33; Avalon vicinity, Trask, "Twenty to twenty-five feet high with trunk
a foot in diameter", Brandcgee, Nuttall 13, Hall 8288; Eastwood 6449; Dall &
Baker; Pebble Beach Canyon, Smith 5116, Millsp. 4915; K>wpf jo. 14, 311; Ham-
ilton Canyon, Millsp. 4'>^s; Cherry Canyon, Smith 5090; Swain's Canyon, Jepson
3054; Cherry Valley, Millsp. 4800. SOUR OAK, SOUR BERRY, SUMACH.
A cooling drink is made from the ripe fruits, called by the Mexicans
LIMONADE.
2. N. ovata (Wats. ) Abrams, Bull. N. Y. But. Gard. 6:403 (1910).
Rhus ovata Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 20:358 (1885).
Erect or spreading evergreen shrub, 1.5-3 m. high; leaves rigid-
coriaceous, very smooth and shining, ovate or subcordate, acute at
apex, entire or sharply serrate, some few leaves ternate ; inflorescence
glabrous or glabrate ; bracts as in the last ; calyx scarcely or not at all
ciliolate; fruit 8mm. in diameter, otherwise as in the last.
Rocky canyons, never common. March to May. Mrs. Trask says :
"Abundant in three of the largest canyons. It has a clear trunk and bushy
head like an orchard tree"; Rushy; Silver Canyon, Nuttall 281. SUGAR
BUSH, SUMACH.
3. MALOSMA Nutt.
Arborescent shrubs with simple coriaceous persistent leaves and
small flowers in ample terminal panicles. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals and
stamens 5. Ovary i-ovuled. Fruit small, with a smooth whitish
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 167
exocarp, beaked by the persistent styles ; stone nearly smooth, thick-
ened and rugose along one edge.
I. M. laurina Nutt. Engl. DC. Monogr. 4 :393 1,1883).
Rhus laurina Nutt. f . & Gr. Fl. N. A. i -.219 ( 1838).
Erect evergreen shrub or tree, 2-4 m. high, exhaling the odor of
bitter almonds ; leaves thin, coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, entire,
acute or obtuse, mucronate, 7-10 cm. long, rounded at base, on rather
long petioles ; flowers polygamous, very small, white, numerous, in
ample terminal panicles ; drupes whitish, 2-3 mm. in diameter,
smooth; mesocarp waxy; stone minute, smooth.
Common on hillsides and canyons, sometimes with a trunk up to a foot in
diameter. Often a few leaves show a tendency toward ternation. June to July.
Lyon; Avalon vicinity, Trask, Brandegee, Smith 4988, 5164; Eastwood 6484;
Hasse; Jepsofi 3049, Reed 2828, Pendleton 1434, Nuttall 309, 1157; Pebble Beach
and Banning's Canyon, Knopf 164, 238. LAUREL SUMACH.
[Schinus moUe Linn., the CALIFORNIA PEPPERTREE, is grown in
a few places near Avalon (Nuttall 150), but it has shown no tendency to become
naturalized so far as we have observed.]
Order 12. RHAMNALES.
Shrubs, vines, or small trees, with nearly always alternate leaves.
Flowers small, regular. Sepals mostly more or less united. Petals
distinct or wanting. Stamens as many as the sepals or calyx-lobes
and alternate with them, opposite the petals when these are present.
Ovary compound, superior; ovules erect.
Shrubs or trees, fruit a drupe or capsule. i. Rhamnaceae.
Vines, fruit a berry. 2. Vitaceae.
Family i. RHAMNACE^.
BUCKTHORN FAMILY
Erect or climbing shrubs, or small trees, often thorny. Leaves
simple, stipulate, mainly alternate, often 3-5-nerved. Stipules .small,
deciduous. Inflorescence commonly of cymes or panicles. Flowers
small, regular, perfect or polygamous. Calyx-limb 4-5-toothed or 4-5-
lobed. Petals 4-5, inserted on the calyx, or none. Stamens 4-5,
inserted with the petals and opposite them; anthers short, versatile.
Disk fleshy. Ovary sessile, free from or immersed in the disk, 2-5-
(often 3-) celled; ovules i or 2 in each cavity, anatropous. Fruit
often 3-celled. Seeds solitary in the cavities, erect ; endosperm fleshy,
rarely none ; embryo large ; cotyledons flat.
Ovary free from the disk, fruit a drupe. i. Rhamnus.
Ovary adnate to the disk at base, fruit dry. 2. Ceanothus.
i68 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vc)L. \' .
I. RHAMNUS Linn.
Shrubs or small trees, with pinnately veined and (in our species)
deciduous leaves, and small axillary cymose racemose or paniculate,
perfect or polygamous flowers. Calyx-tube urceolate, its limb 4-5-
toothed. Petals 4 or 5, mainly emarginate and hooded, or none. Disk-
free from the 3-4-celled ovary. Style 3-4-cleft. Drupe berry-like,
containing 2-4 nutlet-like stones. Seeds mainly obovoid; endosperm
fleshy.
1. R.insulusKell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 2:20 (1863).
R. insularis Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 2 : 392 ( 1887).
Spineless shrub, or tree up to 6 m. high with a trunk up to 3 dm.
diameter. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, stiffish, evergreen 2-5 x
1.5-3.5 cm. abrupt or narrowing at the base, obtusish or pointed,
mucronate, regularly but slightly serrate with minute papillate teeth,
smooth above, slightly crispid on the larger veins more or less reticu-
late-veined beneath. Inflorescence in dense or somewhat open clusters
in the upper axils or scattered on the internodes ; pedicels crisp-hairy,
variable in length; calyx-tube about the length of the triangular,
pointed lobes. Fruit obovate, blackish-red, always 2-seeded; pedun-
cles about twice the length of the petioles.
Very variable, no two collections among many, exactly alike. The island
specimens differ greatly in leaf-size and somewhat in outline and pubescence
quite evidently due to age, available moisture and season. They intergrade so
completely that they cannot be considered as more than races of one species.
None approaches either R. crncca or R. illicifolia in important characters.
Moister canyon slopes and bottoms common. February to May. Lyon:
Trask (labelled R. crocea pyrifoUa in Herb. N. Y.) ; Brandcgee (R. crocea in
Herb. Gray); Tourney (R. pyrifolia in Herb. N. Y.) ; Swain's Canyon. Hall
S270; Jepson 3042; Grant ^fyi (Insular var. of R. iHcifolia=R. pvrifolia in
Herb. N. Y., R. ilicifolia in' Herb. U. S.) ; Rusby alt. 1800 feet (R. pyrifolia in
Herb. N. Y.) ; Gallagher's Canyon, Eastzvood 6469 (R. catalinae in Herb. Gray
and N. Y.) ; East End and Summit Road, Smith 5120, 5026; Avalon Valley,
Millsp. 4772; Banning's Canyon, Mountain above Big Wash Canyon, Beacon
Str. Canyon and Schoolhouse Ridge, Nuttall 331, 332, 726, 784, 12; Summit of
Upper Road to Pebble Beach and in White's Valley, Knopf 167, 5/; Cape Can-
yon. Millsp. 4672; Middle Ranch Canyon, Nuttall 655, Knopf 262, 370; Hamil-
ton Canyon, Nuttall 229; Rock Spring Canvon, Knopf ^68. ISLAND BUCK-
THORN, WILD COFFEE.
2. CEANOTHUS Linn.
Shrubs, with petioled leaves and cymose panicles of small perfect
flowers. Calyx-limb 5-lobed. Petals 5, hooded, clawed, longer than
the calyx-lobes, inserted under the disk. Stamens 5 ; filaments fili-
form, elongated. Ovar}' immersed in the disk and adnate to it at the
base, 3-lobed. Disk adnate to the calyx. Style short, 3-cleft. Fruit
dry, 3-lobed, separating at maturity into 3 nutlets. Seed-coat smooth ;
endosperm fleshy; cotyledons oval or obovate.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 169
Inflorescence thr>-soid, leaves large, pointed. i. arboreus.
Inflorescence clustered, leaves small, blunt :
Sepals ovate, pointed; filaments ligulate. 2. crassifolius.
Sepals oblong-ovate, blunt, filaments filiform. 3. megacarpus.
1 . C. arboreus Greene Bull. Cal. Acad. 2 : 144 ( 1886) .
A small tree, 4.5-7.6111. high, trunk 1.5-2.5 dm. in diameter,
smooth, with a light-gray bark ; branches soft-pubescent ; leaves ovate,
acute, serrate, or often rather crenate, 5-10 cm. long, green and
puberulent above, whitish and soft-tomentose beneath: flowers pale
blue or white in a compound raceme : fruit not crested.
The largest known species, with more ample foliage than is found
in any other ; always tree-like in shape, with clean trunk and open but
round head, like a well-kept orchard tree ; in this particular most
unlike any other Ceanothus.
Moister canyon slopes. February to March. Lyon 2 (C. sorediatus) ; Trask
("It blooms, in wet seasons in January, and sometimes produces its black fruits
twice a year. A white-flowered bush blooms white year after year") ; Bran-
dcgee; Grant 1588; Grant & Wheeler 148/6146; McClatchie; at the "Wish-
bone", Smith 5oig, 5167; Millsp. 4531; Descanso Canyon. MiUsp. 4608, Nuttall
180, j8i, 695; Pebble Beach Canyon, Nuttall 338. Knopf 18, ig, 330, 331; below
base of Black Jack, Knopf 46, 127; Johnson's Landing. Nuttall 905; Big Wash
Canyon, Knopf 363; Banning's Canyon, Jepson 3062; LILAC, TREE MYRTLE.
2. C. crassifolius Torr. Pac. R. R. Rept. 4:75 (1857).
Erect, 1-3 m. high, the young branchlets white with a villou.';
tomentum: leaves ovate-oblong, 12.7-20.6 mm. long, obtuse or retuse,
more or less tomentose beneath, rarely entire and revolutely margined :
petioles stout: flowers light blue or white, in dense very shortly
peduncled clusters ; sepals ovate, pointed, spreading ; filament.'^
ligulate.
On the dry slopes of canyons. January to April. Avalon Canyon.
Brandegee, McClatchie, Millsp. 4561; Pebble Beach Canyon, Knopf 144; South
End, Nuttall 264; White's Landing, Millsp. 4590; Knopf 94; Cape Canyon,
Millsp. 4670, 4675; Summit Trail, Smith 50^1; Pacific Slope of the Salta Verde,
Knopf 369. WHITE LILAC.
3. C. megacarpus Nutt. N. A. Sylv. i :i94 (1865).
Ceanothus macrocarptis Nutt. in T. & Gr. Fl. N. A. 1 1267 (1835)
non Cav.
Branchlets canescent with a rusty-colored pubescence ; leaves
alternate, rather crowded, sometimes a little fascicled in the axils,
thick and coriaceous, obovate-cuneate, entire, often emarginate, glab-
rous above, whitish and minutely tomentose-canescent beneath :
flowers in lateral pedunculate nearly simple umbels, petals oblong-
ovate, bluntish, inflexed; filaments filiform; fruit very large, with
three projecting horn-like appendages at the summit.
Dry canyon slopes. January to March. Trask; Brandegee, Hall 8271;
Avalon Valley beyond Chicken Johnny's ; top of Mount Wilson ; Swain's Can-
yon, Nuttall 140, 340, 631. Similar in general appearance, hut not so common
as the last. WHITE LILAC.
I/O Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol V.
Family 2. VITACE^.
GRAPE FAMILY
Climbing vines or erect shrubs, with copious watery sap, nodose
joints, alternate petioled leaves, and small regular greenish perfect or
polygamo-dioecious flowers in panicles, racemes or cymes. Calyx
entire, or 4-5-toothed. Petals 4-5, separate or coherent, valvate, cadu-
cous. Filaments subulate, inserted at the base of the disk or between
its lobes; disk sometimes obsolete or wanting; anthers 2-celled.
Ovary i, generally immersed in the disk, 2-6-celled; ovules 1-2 in
each cavity, ascending, anatropous. Fruit a i-6-celled berry (com-
monly 2-celled). Seeds erect; testa bony; raphe generally distinct;
endosperm cartilaginous ; embryo short.
I. VITIS Linn.
Woody vines, rarely shrubby, mostly with tendrils. Leaves
simple, usually palmately lobed or dentate. Stipules mainly small,
caducous. Flowers mostly dicEcious, or polygamo-dioecious, rarely
perfect. Petals hypogynous or perigynous, coherent in a cap and
deciduous without expanding. Disk annular or cup-shaped. Ovary
2-celled, rarely 3-4-celled; style very short, conic; ovules 2 in each
cavity. Berry globose or ovoid, few-seeded, pulpy, edible in most
species.
I. V. Girdiana Munson Proc. Soc. Prom. Agr. Sci. 1887 : 59 (1887).
PlateXIV, f. I.
Strong climbing vine with thick diaphragms ; leaves 1 5 cm, broad
or less, broadly cordate-ovate, with a rather deep and narrow sinus,
obscurely 3-lobed, and with many small and acute teeth, closely ashy-
tomentose beneath ; flower clusters large, very compound ; berries
small, black, slightly glaucous; seeds pyriform.
Near canyon streams. July. Rare. Found in two localities only. Mrs.
Trask says : "In one canyon only, climbing over Populus." This locality was
re-discovered by Knopf (228), it is in Cottonwood Canyon about 200 feet up
from the Coach Road crossing, the "Poplar" which it covers is now (1921)
dead. (Mrs. Trask's collection was in 1902.) Pebble Beach Canyon, right hand
branch, covering an area of about 100x200 feet, the largest vine 3 inches in
diameter, Nuttall, Knopf ?j, 777. Brandegee reports it as V. californica. WILD
GRAPE.
Order 13. MALVALES.
Herbs, shrubs or trees, with simple, mostly alternate leaves.
Flowers regular, usually perfect. Sepals separate, or more or less
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 171
united, valvate. Petals separate, very rarely wanting. Stamens
usually numerous. Ovary superior, compound, the placentae united
in its axis. Disk inconspicuous or none.
Family i. MALVACE.ffi.
mallow family
Herbs or shrubs (sometimes trees in tropical regions), with alter-
nate leaves. Stipules small, deciduous. Flowers regular, usually
perfect, often large. Sepals 5 (rarely 3 or 4), more or less united,
usually valvate ; calyx often bracted at the base. Petals 5, hypogy-
nous, convolute. Stamens 00, hypogynous, forming a central column
around the pistil, united with the bases of the petals; anthers i-celled.
Ovary several-celled ; styles united below, distinct above and gen-
erally projecting beyond the stamen-column, mostly as many as the
cavities of the ovary. Fruit capsular (rarely a berry), several-celled,
the carpels falling away entire or else loculicidally dehiscent. Seeds
reniform, globose or obovoid ; embryo curved; cotyledons large,
plicate or conduplicate.
Stigmas linear :
Fruit axis exceeding the carpels. i. Lavatera.
Fruit axis shorter than the carpels. 2. Malva.
Stigmas capitate or truncate. 3- Malvastrum.
I. LAVATERA Linn.
Involucel 3-6-cleft. Stamineal column divided above into
numerous filaments. Styles filiform, stigmatic on the inner side.
Fruit depressed ; the several carpels separating from the prominent
more or less dilated axis, indehiscent, i -seeded; seed ascending. —
Leaves angled or lobed ; flowers axillary or in terminal racemes ; our
species stout and shrubby.
I. L. assurgentiflora Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad, i: 14 (1854). Plate
VIII, f. I.
Saviniona reticulata Greene, Leaflets 2:161 (1911).
Tree, 18-45 ^r"- high, with slender flexuous branches, glabrous or
sparingly stellate-pubescent: leaves cordate, angularly 5-7-lobed, 7.6-
15.3 cm. broad, on long petioles, the lobes acute, coarsely toothed or
lobed : flowers i to 4 in the axils, on slender deflexed and curved
pedicels : involucel persistent, 6.3 mm. long, half the length of the
campanulate densely pubescent calyx : petals purple, 2.6-3.8 cm. long,
with a broad truncate limb and long narrow glabrous claws, having a
iy2 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
pair of dense hairy tufts at base: stamineal column glabrous: styles
exserted; fruit 12.7 mm. broad, the 6 to 8 carpels not beaked, some-
what appressed-hairy, 4.2 mm. or more in diameter, about equaling;
the low-conical summit of the axis.
Arid situations. January to December. The only Catalina locality known
for this species is Bird Rock,** whereon there are many individuals. Trask*,
Brandegee, Millsp. 4631, Knopf 259. From here it has been transplanted to the
Banning House grounds at the Isthmus (Millsp. 46310) and to several places
in Avalon. A fine clump grows at the junction of Crescent Avenue and Pebble
Beach Road (Millsp. 4633, Nuttall 685), and another may be seen on the crest
of the hill just back of Windle's Printing Office. The species is not otherwise
known except on Anacapa Island off the coast at Santa Barbara, the type local-
ity. TREE MALLOW, MALVA ROSA, FLOWERING MAPLE.
Dr. Greene (Leaflet 2:160) describes a number of species from various
Californian coast and island localities, in each of lyhich the plants are known
to have been transplanted either from Anacapa or Bird Rock. Saviniona Webb,
is not tenable. It is Olbia Medic, if distinct.
As to the possibility of this species having been brought from Spain see
Brandegee's remarks Zoe Vol. 1, p. 133, 188; and Parish's on p. 300. See also Dr.
Greene'.s remarks in Garden & Forest 3, p. 378; and Baker's in Jour. Bot. 28,
p. 210.
2. MALVA Linn.
Pubescent or glabrate herbs, with dentate lobed or dissected
leaves, and axillary or terminal solitary or clustered flowers. Calyx
5-cleft. Bractlets of the involucels 3 (rarely none). Petals 5. Cav-
ities of the ovary several or numerous, i-ovuled; style-branches of the
same number, linear, stigmatic along the inner side. Carpels arranged
in a circle, beakless, indehiscent. Seed ascending.
1. M. parviflora Linn. Amoen. Acad. 3:416 (1756).
Widely branching 4.9-9.1 dm. high; petioles and ascending
branches stellate-hairy on the upper side, glabrous below ; leaves
roundish in outline, with a red spot at base of blade, shallowly 7-lobed,
12.7cm. broad or less, on petioles twice as long as the blade; flowers
in rather close axillary clusters; bractlets linear; corolla pinkish witli
notched petals, 5.3 mm. long, slightly longer than the calyx ; calyx
commonly spreading under or about the mature fruit ; carpels about
ri, glabrous, sharply rugose-reticulate and pubescent on the back, the
margin winged and denticulate.
Waste places and valley bottoms. January to August. In moist, shady
places we have seen it fully 6 feet high. Trask (as M. pusilla) ; Brandegee
(as M. borealis) ; Avalon, Carlson, Millsp. 4770; Isthmus, Macbride & Payson
868, Millsp. 4626, 4831. This was one of the four species of plants growing on
Bird Rock in 1920. CHEESES.
*Mrs. Trask remarks on this species in Erythea Vol. 7, p. 140. See also
Brandegee, Zoe i :i09.
**Lyon says (Bot. Gaz. 11:204): "Bird Island, a rugged, rocky islet not
two miles distant (from Catalina), carries it in some profusion." This islet
has had no vegetation upon it within the memory of the oldest local fishermen.
Lyon must have intended to refer to Bird Rock, not a quarter mile out from
Fisherman's Cove at the Isthmus.
Floka of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugii & Nuttall 173
3. MALVASTRUM Gray.
Herbs, with entire cordate or divided leaves, and solitary or race-
mose, short-pedicelled perfect flowers. Calyx 5-cleft. Bractlets of
the involucels small, 1-3 or none. Cavities of the ovary 5-co, i-ovuled.
Style-branches of the same number, stigmatic at the summit only,
forming capitate stigmas ; carpels indehiscent or imperfectly 2-valved,
falling away from the axis at maturity, their apices pointed or beaked.
Seed ascending.
I. M. fasciculatum (Nutt.) Greene, Fl. Francisc. 108 (1891).
Malva fasciculata Nutt. T. & Gr. Fl. i :225 ( 1838) .
Malvastriim Thurberi Gray PI. Thurb. 307 (1854).
Stems 1-3 m. high, with the woody base often 2.6 cm. or more
thick : pubescence stellate, all very short and close, almost scurfy :
leaves roundish, mostly subcordate, crenate, obscurely 3-5-lobed or
some 3-cleft, 2.6 or 5 cm. in diameter, some larger: flowers in sessile
or short-peduncled clusters, spicately or sometimes paniculately dis-
posed on virgate nearly naked branches, "fragrant"* ; calyx -lobes
broadly ovate, obtuse and with or without a short p>oint : |)etals about
12-13 mm. long, rose-purple: carpels obovate-oval.
Open dry fields and in arroyas. January to May. In the Catalina specimens
the stellate pubescence is greatly varied as to density ; often scattered or almost
wanting on the upper surface of the leaves. At the Isthmus, Lyon & Nevin,
Lyon, Trask, Millsp. 4621 ; Avalon Valley, Eastwood 6442, Smith 5000, Nuttall
122, Brandegee; Cape Canyon, tree-like, 3 m. high, trunk 10 cm. in diameter,
Millsp. 4671; White's Landing, Millsp. 4585. Knopf 145. TREE MALLOW.
Order 14. HYPERICALES.
Herbs, shrubs, or some tropical types trees, the flowers mostly
complete, perfect and regular (irregular in Violaceae). Sepals dis-
tinct, or more or less united, imbricated or convolute. Petals almost
always present and distinct. Stamens usually numerous. Ovary
compound, superior (inferior in Loasaceae) ; placentas mostly parietal.
Sepals distinct :
Flowers irregular, ovules anatropous. i. Violaceae.
Flowers regular, ovules orthotropous. 2. Cistaceae.
Sepals united. 3. Frankeniaceae.
Family i. VIOLACEiE.
VIOLET FAMILY
Herbs, shrubs, or rarely trees, with basal or alternate, simple,
lobed or entire stipulate leaves and solitary or clustered, perfect,
mostly irregular flowers. Sepals 5. Petals 5, hypogynous, imbricated
*The fragrance is that of fenugreek and often very pronounced. — C. F. M.
174 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
in the bud, the lower one larger or with a posterior spur. Stamens
5; anthers erect, connivent or syngenesious. Ovary simple, i -celled,
with 3 parietal placentae. Fruit usually a loculicidal capsule. Seeds
anatropous. ,
I. VIOLA Linn.
Acaulescent and scapose or leafy-stemmed herbs, the flowers
solitary or rarely 2 ; early flowers petaliferous, often sterile, usually
succeeded by apetalous or cleistogamous flowers which are abundantly
fertile. Petals spreading, the lowermost one spurred or saccate ; sta-
mens 5, the two inferior ones spurred. Capsule 3-valved, elastically
dehiscent.
1. V. pedunculata T. & Gr. Fl. N. A. i : 141 (1838).
Stems 5-15 cm. long, prostrate or ascending, puberulent or near-
ly glabrous ; leaves rhombic-cordate, usually almost truncate at the
broad base, obtuse, coarsely crenate ; stipules foliaceous, narrowly
lanceolate, entire or incised ; peduncles erect, much exceeding the
leaves, 10-20 cm. long; conspicuously bibracteolate ; flowers 2 cm.
broad or more, yellow, the upper petal dark brown without, the others
purple-veined within, the lateral ones bearded.
Moister grassy slopes of low altitudes. February to May. Avalon, slope
above Lover's Cove, Trask, Brandegee, Millsp. 4636, Nuttall J 18, Knopf 71:
north slope of ridge between Rock Spring and Rock Falls Canyon, Millsp.
4711; ridge at head of Descanso Canyon, Mo.rlcv 749. YELLOW VIOLET,
YELLOW PANSY. CALIFORNIA VIOLET.
Family 2. CISTACE^.
ROCK-ROSE family
Shrubs or low woody herbs, with simple leaves, and solitary race-
mose or paniculate flowers. Flowers regular, generally perfect.
Sepals 3-5, persistent, when 5 the 2 exterior ones smaller, the 3 inner
convolute. Petals 5 or 3, or wanting, fugacious or persistent. Stamens
00, hypogynous. Ovary i, sessile, i -several-celled; ovules orthotropous,
stalked ; style simple. Capsule dehiscent by valves. Seeds several or
numerous ; embryo slender ; endosperm starchy or fleshy.
I. CROCANTHEMUM Spach.
Woody herbs or low shrubs, more or less branching, with showy
yellow flowers, and with other much smaller apetalous cleistogamous
ones. Petals in the larger flowers large, fugacious, the stamens
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 175
numerous. Placentae or false septa 3. Ovules 2 on each placenta;
style short; stigma capitate or 3-lobed ; capsule i -celled; seeds with
long f unicles ; embryo curved.
1. C. scoparium (Nutt.) Millsp. comb. nov.
Helianthemum scoparium Nutt. T. & Gr. Fl. i .1^2 (1838).
Stems tufted, slender, somewhat woody below, sparsely stellate-
pubescent, 2.5-3.5 <^"^- high ; leaves few, narrowly linear, 8-20 mm.
long; flowers on slender pedicels, solitary or cymose at the ends of
the branches ; sepals 6 mm, long, acuminate, the 2 outer linear and
much shorter; petals 6-8 mm. long; stamens about 20; capsule equal-
ing the calyx.
Dry hillsides and ridges. February to April. Lyon; Brandegee list; only
known to us from one locality : a dry plateau about half way up to the Pacific
Ridge south of Avalon. Millsp. 4656, Nuttall 154. ROCK ROSE.
Family 3. FRANKENIACEiE.
FRANKENIA FAMILY
Sepals 5, united in a furrowed tube, persistent, equal. Petals
alternate with the sepals, hypogynous, unguiculate, with appendages at
the base of the limb. Stamens hypogynous, either equal in number
to the petals and alternate with them, or having a tendency to double
the number; anthers roundish, versatile. Ovary i-celled with 2-3
parietal placentae: styles 2-3, filiform, united for a considerable part
of their length. Capsule i -celled, enclosed in the calyx, 2-3- or
4-valved, many-seeded. Seeds attached to the margins of the valves,
very minute, anatropous. Embryo straight, erect in the midst of
albumen. — Herbaceous plants or under-shrubs. Stems very much
branched. Leaves opposite, exstipulate, with a membranous sheathing
base, often revolute at the edge. Flowers sessile in the divisions of
the branches, and terminal, embosomed in leaves, usually pink.
I. FRANKENIA Linn.
Styles 3, united below, stigmatose along the inner surface. Cap-
sule loculicidal, many-seeded.
I. F. grandiflora C. & S. Linnaea 1 : 35 (1826).
Leaves obovat'e-cuneiform, niucronulate, with revolute margins,
rather coriaceous, very minutely hairy and ciliate particularly at the
base ; stems prostrate ; branches and calyx minutely hairy.
176 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Sea shores and borders of saline ponds. May to August. Brandegee ;
Catalina Harbor, Lyon, Trask, Millsp. 4788, Ntittall izi6; Little Harbor, Nuttall
762; Pebble Beach,"Pfnd/f/o« 1350, Nuttall 597. FRANKENIA.
Order 15. LOASALES.
Herbs, often armed with hooked stinging or viscid hairs, with
estipulate leaves, and regular perfect white, yellow or reddish flowers.
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, its limb 4-5-lobed, persistent. Petals
4 or 5, inserted on the throat of the calyx. Stamens 00, inserted with
ihe petals; filaments filiform, commonly arranged in clusters opposite
the petals; anthers introrse. Ovary i -celled (rarely 2-3-celled), with
2-^ parietal placentae; ovules anatropous. Capsule usually 1 -celled,
crowned with the calyx-limb. Seeds mostly numerous ; endosperm
scanty.
Family 1. LOASACE^.
LOASA F.\MILY
Characters of the order.
I. ACROLASIA Presl.
Calyx 5-parted, persistent. Petals 5, short clawed inserted on the
calyx. Stamens 10, fertile; filaments filiform, free, the exterior 5
longest; anthers subglobose. Ovary cylindrical; style filiform, trig-
onous 3-fid at the base; stigma obtuse. Capsule cylindrical, crowned
by the calyx, i -celled, 3-valved at apex, oligospermons ; seeds 5-6,
angular, rugose. Most species are small-flowered and have linear,
lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, laciniate, dentate or more rarely entire,
sessile leaves.
Leaves broadly lanceolate, sepals lanceo-subulate. i. micrantha.
Leaves narrowly lanceolate, sepals subulate. 2. gracilenta.
I-eaves cordate-ovate, sepals ovate-triangular. 3. catalinensis.
I. A. micrantha (T. & Gr.) Rydb. Bull. Torr. Club. 30:278 (1903).
Mentselia micrantha T. & Gr. Fl. i : 535 (1840).
Hispid throughout with short hairs; stem erect, dichotomous,
whitish ; leaves ovate, acuminate, cuneate at the base, sessile, sinuate-
pinnatifid ; flowers glomerate, shorter than the floral leaf, ebracteo-
late; petals 5, ovate, exceeding the calyx-segments; stamens 15-20;
five of the filaments petaloid and emarginate at the apex ; capsules
oblong-cylindrical, 3-seeded, 3-valved at the summit; style slightly
spirally twisted.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 177
Dry rocky cliff detritus, June. Brandegee, list; Trask; vicinity of Avalon.
Hall 82S6, Smith 5054, Nuttall 267; Gallagher's Canyon, Eastwood 6478.
2. A. gracilenta (T. & Gr.) Rydb. idem.
Mentcelia gracilenta T. & Gr. ibid. 534,
Stem pubescent ; leaves lanceolate-linear, sessile, muricate-scab-
rous, pinnatifid, the lobes short, obtuse, mostly entire ; bracteoles at
the base of the calyx pinnatifid ; flowers clustered at the summit of
the stem ; petals cuneif orm-obovate, obuse or retuse, more than twice
the length of the ovate-lanceolate calyx-segments ; filaments numerous
(40 or more), filiform-subulate ; ovary obconic ; ovules 20 or more.
Dry situations. March to May. So far collected only by ^frs. Trask:
"One locality with only a few plants, 1-6 inches high, with bright yellow
l^owers," distributed as M. affinis.
3. A. catalinensis Millsp. sp. nov.
Herba annua, celsa, caule pallens, rnmis superioribus bifurcata,
ramorum axillis extremitatisquc foliata ; partibus terminalibus pilis
rectis, rigidis, vitreis, articulatis et circum articulos barbatis vestita ;
internodis perspicuis. Folia principalia sessilia, ovata. cordata, acuta,
ea ad basim ramorum amplexicaulia ; margine hie illic late crenata ;
folia terminalia conferta, in jugis, cordata, petiolata, petiolis laminas
plerumque sequantibus; inflorescentia solitaria, sessili, in foliorum
axillis. Calyx elongato-tubulifonnis', triangulatis, dentibus, 5,
triangulatis, hebetibus, pilis acicularibus basi bullatis; petalis flavis,
triangulato-ovatis, hebetibus, quam calyce circum duplo longioribus ;
filamentis staminum longiorum circum duplo longioribus quam
antheris ; stigmate compresso-clavato ; seminibus triangulatis.
Dry talus of the high "break off" along Pebble Beach Road near Avalon.
July 2, 1909. R. L. Pendleton 1363. Type in herb. Field.
Order i6. CACTALES.
Fleshy plants, with continuous or jointed stems, mostly leafless,
or with small leaves, generally abundantly spiny, the spines developed
from cushions of hairs or bristles (areolae). Flowers mostly solitary
and sessile, perfect, regular, showy. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary,
its limb many-lobed. Petals numerous, imbricated in several rows,
mostly distinct. Siamens numerous, inserted on the throat of the
calyx. Filam.ents filiform; anthers small. Ovary i-celled; ovules
numerous, anatropous, borne on several parietal plaentse. Styles
terminal, elongated ; stigmas numerous. Fruit a berry, mostly fleshy,
^ometimes dry. Seeds smooth, or tubercled, the testa usually crus-
taceous or bony ; endosperm little, or copious.
178 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Family i. CACTACE^.*
CACTUS FAMILY
Characters of the order.
Areoles with glochids, flowers rotate. i. Opuntia.
Areoles without glochids, flowers tubular. 2. Bergerocactus.
I. OPUNTIA Mill.
Succulent plants, with jointed branching stems, the joints flat,
or cylindric, and small, mostly subulate, deciduous leaves, the areolae
usually spine-bearing. Flowers usually lateral. Calyx-tube not pro-
longed beyond the ovary, its lobes spreading. Petals numerous,
slightly united at the base. Stamens very numerous. Ovary cylindric.
exserted ; style cylindric, longer than the stamens ; stigma 2-7-rayed.
Berry globose to obovoid, often spiny.
Joints all terete. i. prolifera.
Joints flat or compressed :
Spines brown, fruit purple. 2. occidentalis.
Spines yellow, fruit yellow. 3. megacantha.
1. O. prolifera Engelm. Am. Jour. Sci. 2, 14: 338 (1852).
Stems 1-2 ni. high, the trunk and old branches terete and woody ;
terminal joints 3-12 cm. long, easily breaking off, fieshy, covered with
short, more or less turgid tubercles; spines 6 to 12, brown, 10-12 mm.
long ; glochids pale ; flowers small ; sepals orbicular, obtuse, dark red ;
petals red ; filaments yellow ; style stout ; stigma-lobes red ; ovary
I cm. long, strongly tuberculate ; upper areoles bearing 2 to 6 reddish
spines or the joints naked throughout ; fruit proliferous, 3-3.5 cm.
long and often without seeds; seeds if present, large, regular, 6mm.
broad.
Dry ridges. Jub' to August. Only known from ridges between Middle
Ranch and Little Harbor, where it is plentiful in a number of localities. Mrs.
Trask; Eastwood saw it, but did not collect a specimen; Brandegee list; on
ridges between Middle Ranch and Cottonwood Canyon and between Cotton-
wood Canyon and Little Harbor, Nuttall 764, 765, Knopf igi. CHOLLA.
2. O. occidentalis Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Am. Acad. 3 1291 (1856).
Opuntia Lindheimeri occidentalis Coult. Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb.
3:421 (1896).
Erect or spreading, often, 1 m. high or more, forming large
thickets ; joints large, obovate to oblong, 2-3 dm. long ; areoles
remote ; spines 2-7, stout, unequal, the longest ones 4-5 cm. long,
more or less flattened, brown or nearly white, sometimes wanting :
shorter spines often white ; glochids often prominent, brown ; flowers
^Specific determinations by J. N. Rose.
Flora of Santa Catalxna Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 179
yellow, large, including the ovary often lo-ii cm. long; fruit large,
purple.
Open arid slopes and ridges everywhere. June to September. Lyon ;
Trask; Brandegee (all as Opiintia Enqelmanni littoralis) ; Rusby; Smith 4976;
Miller; Millsp. 446S, 4525. TUNA, PRICKLY PEAR.
The deep-purple fruits are eaten raw (after first carefully removing the
beard-like clusters of glochids by peeling) ; or used like gombo, in soups. The
ripe "pears" also make a delicious fruit pudding.
3. O. megacantha Salni-Dyck. Hort. Dyck. 363 (1834). Plate VIII.
f. 2.
Plant tall 4-5 m. high or more, v^^ith a more or less definite woody
trunk; joints of large plants obovate to oblong, often oblique, some-
times 40-60 cm. long or more, but in greenhouse specimens often much
smaller, pale dull green, slightly glaucous ; leaves minute, often only
3mm. long, green or purplish; areoles rather small, on large joints
often 4-5 cm. apart, when young bearing brown wool ; spines white,
usually 1-5, slightly spreading, sometimes nearly porrect, usually only
2-3 cm. long, sometimes few and confined to the upper areoles ; glo-
chids few, yellow, caducous, sometimes appearing again on old joints :
flowers yellow to orange, about 8 cm. broad ; ovary spiny or spineless.
obovoid ; fruit yellow, 7-8 cm. long.
Dry exposed ridges. July to September. Becoming established in many
localities on the island, Millsp. 45-2^^, especially on Descanso and Hamilton Can-
yon slopes. It is readily distinguished by its large, yellow fruits. Mr. Knopf
remarks that the first plants were transplanted by Mr. Banning at about the
time the Eucalj'ptus trees were set out along the Coach Road. YELLOW
TUNAS.
2. BERGEROCACTUS Britton & Rose.
Low, much branched cactus, with stout, cylindric, spreading or
ascending branches ; ribs many, low ; areoles approximate ; spines
many, yellow, acicular ; flower small, pale yellow, with short tube and
widely expanded limb; scales on ovary and flower-tube small, bearing
felt and spines in their axils ; perianth-segments small, obtuse ; fruit
i,dobose, densely spiny ; seeds obovate.
1. B. Emoryi (Engelm.) Britton & Rose. Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb.
12 : 474 (erratum) (1909). Plate XIII, f. 2.
Cereus Emoryi Engelm. Am. Jour. Sci. 2, 14:338 (1852).
Branches 2-6 dm. long, 3-6 cm. in diameter, entirely covered with
the dense spiny armament ; ribs 20-25, '^^ry low, only a few milli-
meters high, somewhat tuberculate; spines 10-30, yellow to yellowish
brown, acicular, 1-4 cm. long; flowers about 2 cm. long and about as
broad when expanded ; outer perianth-segments obovate, obtuse ;
inner perianth-segments oblong, about i cm. long.
i8o Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Hanging over cliffs. July to September. Mrs. Trask says : "On two sea
cliffs"; Brandcgec list; near the Isthmus, Pendleton 1424, Reed 2796. SNAKE
CACTUS. Shore Catalina Harbor near Ballast Point, Knopf.
Mrs. Trask say.s the Mexicans use the plant as an antifebrile (Erythea
7:1-1.^).
Order 17. MYRTALES.
Herbs, shrubs or trees, unarmed, sometimes aquatic or ainphi-
bious. Leaves alternate or opposite. Flowers regular or irregular,
complete, and often showy, or reduced to a stamen and pistil adnate
to the hypanthium. Hypanthium merely enclosing the ovary or
adnate to it. Stamens few or many. Anthers opening by slits, valves
or pores. Stigma terminating the style, or sessile. Fruit capsular or
baccate, or resembling an achene.
Family 1. ONAGRACE^.
EVENING PRIMROSE FAMILY
Herbs, or rarely shrubs, with alternate or opposite leaves, no
stipules or mere glands in their places, and generally perfect flowers.
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, the limb 2-6-lobed (usually 4-lobed).
Petals 2-9 (usually 4), convolute in the bud, rarely none. Stamens
usually as many or twice as many as the petals. Ovary i-6-celled
(usually 4-celled) ; styles united; stigma capitate, discoid or 4-lobed;
ovules generally anatropous. Fruit a capsule or small nut. Endosperm
very little or none.
Seeds comose :
Flowers showy, scarlet. i. Zauschneria.
Flowers small, white or roseate. 2. Epilobium.
Seeds naked :
Anthers attached at or near their base. 3. Godetia.
Anthers versatile :
Stigma 4-lobed. 4. Sphaerostigma.
Stigma capitate. 5. Eulobus.
I. ZAUSCHNERIA Presl.
Flowers in loose spikes terminating the branches, large, erect-
spreading, with short foliaccous bracts ; caylx and petals bright red.
Tube of the calyx much produced beyond the ovary, from which it
finally separates by an articulation, colored, infundibuliform, globose-
inflated at the base ; the segments spreading, much shorter than the
tube. Petals 4, obcordate, or rather deeply 2-cleft, rather longer than
the lobes of the calyx. Stamens 8, slightly exserted ; the alternate ones
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall i8i
a little shorter: filaments filiform: anthers linear-oblong, fixed by the
middle. Ovary 4-celled : style filiform, erect exserted : stigma capi-
tate. 4-lobed. Capsule linear, short, 4-sided, imperfectly 4-celled.
4-valved. Seeds numerous, with a coma or tuft of long hairs at
the chalaza.
1. Z. californica Presl. Rel. Haenk. 2 :28 (1835).
More or less villous and often tomentose, much branched, the
ascending or decumbent stems 3.3-6.8 dm. long : leaves narrowly
lanceolate to ovate, 12.7 mm.-3.8 cm. long, acute, entire or denticu-
late : flowers 2-3.2 cm. long above the ovary ; the calyx-lobes 8.4 mm.
long: capsule attenuate to the slender base, 12.7-20.6 mm. long, some-
times shortly pedicellate.
The Catalina plants vary greatly in leaf size and pubescence, thus
including var. micro phylla and Greene's Z. cana, but never with the
ovate or ovate-lanceolate leaves of the inland Calif ornian species —
latifolia. The variation, however, is quite evidently due to whether
the plants grow in the dry open ; with sheltering grasses ; or where
there is more or less permanent moisture ; they must, therefore, be
simply races of one species. Those flowers having villous calyx lobes
arc the last few of the blooming period.
Common on dry slopes and in canyon bottoms. June to November. Lyon;
Brandegee ; Trask; Grant 1394; Eastwood 64^2; Machridc & Payson 861;
Nuttall 546, 660, 787, 792, Soo, 837, 844, 1125, 1158, Knopf 157. BALSAM-
MEA. Used as a vulnerary for fresh or old wounds and sores.
2. EPILOBIUM Linn.
Herbs, or sometimes shrubby plants, with alternate or opposite
leaves, and solitary, spicate or racemose flow^ers. Calyx-tube pro-
longed beyond the ovary, the limb 4-parted, deciduous. Petals 4, often
notched. Stamens 8; stigma club-shaped or 4-lobed. Capsule nar-
row, elongated, 4-sided, loculicidally dehiscent by 4 valves. Seeds
with a tuft of hairs (coma) at the summit.
I . E. holosericeum Trelease, Rev. Epilob. 91 ( 1891 ) .
Rather woody, loosely branched, at least the upper leaves and
branches canescent with subappressed hairs ; leaves 50 mm. long,
rather remote and smaller on the flowering branches, oblong-lanceo-
late, obtuse or exceptionally acute, undulately low-serrulate, nar-
rowed or abruptly contracted and then cuneately narrowed into
short petioles ; flowers produced in long succession along the elong-
ated branches, erect, pale, barely 5 mm. long; fruiting peduncles
about 10 mm. long and equalling the leaves; seeds short-beaked,
very finely papillate, .4x1 mm. ; coma white or somewhat dingy.
i82 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, V'ol. V.
Canyon bottoms near more or less permanent water. July to August.
Trask; "Canyons of Santa Catalina" McClatchie; right fork of Big Wash Can-
von and in water of Middle Ranch Creek near Eagle's Nest, Nuttall 850. WIL-
LOW HERB.
3. GODETIA Spach.
Annuals, simple or branched, erect ; leaves alternate, denticul-
ate or entire ; flowers mostly showy, in usually leafy racemes or
spikes. Calyx-tube above the ovary obconic or shortly funnelform,
deciduous ; lobes reflexed. Petals 4, broad and sessile, entire or em-
arginate or very rarely 2-lobed, lilac-purple or rose-colored. Stam-
ens 8, unequal, the filaments opposite to the petals shortest; anthers
perfect, oblong, attached at the base and erect or arcuate. Ovary
4-celled, many-ovuled ; style filiform ; stigma-lobes short, linear or
roundish. Capsule ovate to linear, 4-sided, somewhat coriaceous,
loculicidally dehiscent. Seeds ascending or horizontal, in i or 2
rows, obliquely angled, the upper surface with a thin tuberculate
margin.
Flower buds erect, flowers purplish. i. quadrivulnera.
Flower buds nodding, flowers cream. 2. epilobioides.
1 . G. quadrivulnera Spach. Hist. Veg. Phan. 4 : 398 ( 1835) .
Puberulent, ovary and capsule more or less villous; stem
usually very slender, 3.3-6.8 dm. high; leaves linear to linear-lance-
olate, sessile or attenuate to a short petiole, entire or slightly den-
ticulate, 2.6-5.1 cm. long; calyx-tubes obconic, 4.2 (rarely 6) mm.
long; petals deep purple or purplish, 6.3-12.7 mm. long; stigma-
lobes short, purple ; capsules 10.5-30 mm. long, usually short, at-
tenuate at the apex, 2-costate at the alternate angles.
In moist places, June to July. Lyon; Trask (as G. tcnella) ; Brandcgec
(as G. Bottae); near the summit of the Equestrian Trail and on the banks of
the creek in Middle Ranch Canyon, Nuttall 239, 302; Rock Spring Canyon and
along upper road to Pebble Beach, Knopf 106, 170. Jepson (Univ. Calif. Publ.
2:340) makes four varieties and three forms in this species which on Catalina
yields no two specimens exactly alike in minute characters or color.
2. G. epilobioides Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8 1599 (1873).
Tomentosely puberulent, erect, 3.3-9.1 dm. high; leaves linear
to linear-lanceolate, entire or sparingly denticulate, 2.6-5.1 cm. long,
petioled ; calyx-tube 2.1-4.2 mm. long; petals light purple or rose-
color, 6.3-12.9 min. long; stigma-lobes short; capsules acuminate,
attenuate to a short pedicel or rarely nearly sessile, 12.7-28.9 min.
long.
Moister canyon slopes. May to June. Vicinity of Avalon, Trask (as G.
t'enella) ; Brandegee; Coach Road, Pebble Beach Road, Rock Spring Canyon,
Smith 5014, 5065, 5105; Descanso Canyon, Moxley 741 ; Piedra Escalera Canyon,
Nuttall 687; northeast slope of Black Jack on ridge to Echo Lake, Knopf 96.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 183
4. SPH^ROSTIGMA F. & M.
Annual or perennial herbs with erect branching or spreading
stems, the bark often exfoliating and shiny. Leaves alternate, entire
or dentate, petioled or sessile. Flowers solitary in the axils or in ter-
minal spikes, usually yellow, rarely white or rose color, often with a
brownish spot at the base, turning green or reddish in age. Stamens
8; anthers versatile, oblong. Style filiform; stigma capitate. Ovary
4-celled, usually linear, 4-angled, often contorted, membranous, ses-
sile, dehiscent loculicidally. Seeds in i row in each cell.
Petals 8 mm. or more long. i. bistortum.
Petals 3 mm. or less long. 2. micranthum.
1. S. bistortum (Nutt.) Walp. Rep. 2:77 (1843).
Oenothera bistorfa Nutt. T. & Gr. Fl.i : 508 ( 1840) .
Somewhat hirsute, stems decumbent, much branched from the
base; radical leaves spatulate-linear, petioled; cauline ones lanceol-
ate, mostly sessile, acute or acuminate, sharply denticulate ; flowers
(rather large) axillary; tube of the calyx infundibuliform, rather
shorter than the segments ; petals broadly obovate, entire, more
than twice the length of the longer stamens ; anthers oblong, fixed
near the middle ; style longer than the stamens ; stigma large and
thick; capsules acutely quadrangular, attenuate at the summit,
somew^hat pubescent or hirsute, spirally contorted or coiled.
Dry open places. May to June. Lyon; Trask; Brandegee list; field along
the upper road to Pebble Beach, Nuttall 112. EVENING PRIMROSE.
2. S. micranthum (Hornem.) Walp. idem.
Oenothera micrantha Hornem. Hort. Hafn. 2:84 1819).
Hirsute ; stems ascending, flexuous ; leaves linear-oblong, acute-
ly denticulate, rather obtuse ; the radical ones spatulate, petioled ;
flowers (very small) axillary; calyx hirsute; the tube obconic,
about half the length of the linear-oblong segments ; petals obovate,
twice the length of the longer stamens ; anthers roundish ; capsules
elongated, slender, acutely quadrangular, acute, hirsute with spread-
ing hairs, much contorted.
Open dry or grassy places. March to May. Lyon; Brandegee list; Avalon
Valley, Smith 4997, Nuttall 136; Schoolhouse Ridge, Nuttall j?,- Pebble Beach
and Gallagher's Canyon Millsp. .fS66, 4885. EVENING PRIMROSE, TWIST
POD.
5. EULOBUS Nutt.
A rather large virgately branched annual herb, with fistulous
stems. Leaves scattered ; the lower ones oblong, unequally pin-
nately lobed ; the upper linear, nearly sessile, few denticulate. Flow-
ers (rather large) axillary along the virgate branches ; petals white
184 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. \'.
changing to red, evanescent. Tube of the calyx scarcely produced
beyond the ovary ; limb 4-parted reflexed ; the very short campanul-
ate base invested with a thickened disk. Petals 4, rhombic-obovate.
Stamens 8, inserted into the margin of the disk, shorter than the
petals, the alternate ones much shorter; filaments filiform; anthers
oblong, fixed below the middle, at length versatile ; those of the
shorter stamens roundish and much smaller, fixed by the middle.
Ovary linear-filiform, 4-celled ; style somewhat exceeding the longer
stamens ; stigma rather large, capitate. Capsule linear, very long
and narrow, 4-sided, nearly sessile, straight, refracted, imperfectly
4-celled; the dissepiments very thin and narrow, adherent to the
valves. Seeds very numerous, obovate-oblong, naked, erect.
1. E.californicusNutt.T.&Gr.Fl. 1:515 (1840).
Stem (about 6.8 dm. Iiigh) and branches thick, glabrous, with
few scattered leaves. Calyx-segments lanceolate-linear; the ex-
tremely short tube lined with an orange-red disk. Petals about 12.7
mm. long, rather obtuse. Capsules 7.6 cm. or more in length, very
narrow, obtusely quadrangular, strongly refracted ; the valves some-
what membranaceous.
Open dry ridges and rocky slopes, rare. May to June. Brandegee lists;
Trask, "in two localities only," one of which is Avalon Valley; open ridge
leading from White's Landing to Echo Lake, Knopf 147.
[Eucalyptus sps.
Several species of Eucalyptus have been planted upon the island,
jjrincipally in Avalon and its vicinity. The trees appear to have
become well established in growth, but so far as we have observed,
there is no indication of any of these species becoming naturalized
through seedlings.]
Order i8. AMMIALES.
Herbs, shrubs or trees, almost always with petaliferous flowers.
Calyx-segments and petals usually 5. Stamens 4 or 5. Ovary inferior,
adnate to the calyx, compound ; ovules i in each cavity.
Family i. AMMIACE.ffi.
WMBCLLIFER^.)
CARROT FAMILY
Herbs, with alternate compound or sometimes simple leaves,
the petioles often dilated at the base. Stipules none, or rarely pres-
ent and minute. Flowers small, generally in compound or simple
umbels, rarely in heads or capitate clusters, often polygamous. Um-
bels and umbellets commonly involucrate or involucellate. Calyx-
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 185
tube adnate to the ovary, its margin truncate or 5-toothed, the
teeth seldom conspicuous. Petals 5, inserted on the margin of the
calyx, usually with an inflexed tip, often emarginate or 2-lobed,
those of the outer flowers sometimes larger than those of the inner.
Stamens 5, inserted on the epigynous disk; filaments filiform; anthers
versatile. Ovary inferior, 2-celled ; styles 2, filiform, persist-
ent, often borne on a conic or depressed stylopodium ; ovules i in
each cavity, pendulous, anatropous. Fruit dry, composed of 2 car-
pels (mericarps), which generall}^ separate from each other at ma-
turity along the plane of their contiguous faces (the commissure).
Fruit either flattened laterally (at right angles to the commissure),
or dorsally (parallel to the commissure), or nearly terete (not flat-
tened). Carpels after parting from each other supported on the sum-
mit of a slender axis (the carpophore), each with 5 primary ribs in
their pericarps (rarely ribless), and in some genera with 4 additional
secondary ones, the ribs or some of them often winged. Pericarp
membranous or corky-thickened, usually containing oil-tubes be-
tween the ribs, or under the ribs and on the commissural sides,
sometimes irregularly scattered, sometimes none. Seeds i in each
carpel, usually adnate to the pericarp ; seed-coat thin ; endosperm
cartilaginous; embryo small, placed near the hilum; cotyledons
ovate, oblong or linear.
Fruits covered with hooked bristles. t. Sanicula.
Fruits with bristles on ribs only :
Bristles barbed at tip. 2. Daucus,
Bristles hooked. 3. Caucalis.
Fruits not bristly :
Oil tubes distinct :
Stylopodium conical. 4. Foeniculum.
Stylopodium flat or wanting. 5. Apiastrum.
Oil tubes obscure or obsolete. 6. Bowlesia.
I. SANICULA Linn.
Smooth perennials, with nearly naked stems ; leaves palmately
divided, the lobes more or less pinnatifid or incised ; flowers uni-
sexual, in irregularly compound few-rayed umbels, involucrate with
sessile leafy usually toothed bracts, the bracts of the involucels
small and entire. Calyx-teeth somewhat foliaceous, persistent. Fruit
subglobose or obovoid, densely covered with hooked prickles or
tuberculate ; ribs obsolete; oil-tubes numerous. vSeeds hemispher-
ical.
Fruits pediceled or stipitate. i. Menziesii.
Fruits sessile. 2. laciniata.
i86 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
1. S. Menziesii H. & A. Bot Beech. 142 (1841).
Stem solitary, erect, 3.3-8.4 dm. high, branching; leaves round-
ed-cordate, 5.1-7.6 cm. broad, very deeply 3-5-lobed ; the broad lobes
sharply toothed or somewhat cleft and the teeth tipped with slender
bristles ; upper leaves more narrowly lobed and laciniately toothed ;
umbels of 3 or 4 slender rays; involucre often small, of 2 or 3 narrow
leaflets, the involucels of 6 to 8 lanceolate entire bracts 2-4.2 mm.
long ; sterile flowers nearly sessile ; fruit 4 to 8 in each head, becom-
ing distinctly pedicellate and divergent, obovate, 2 mm. long or more,
covered with hooked prickles.
Gravelly banks. March to May. On the banks of the arroya of Rock
Spring Canyon, Trask, Millsp. 4891, Nxittall 249, ^22; Rock Falls and Middle
Ranch Canyons, Nuttall 351, 500. SANICLE.
2. S. laciniata H. & A. Hot. Beech. 347 (1841).
With the habit of S. Menziesii ; leaves cordate or triangular, 3-
parted, the divisions laciniately 1-2-pinnatifid and the segments l,ac-
iniately toothed ; the teeth spinosely pointed ; flowers yellow ; ma-
ture heads small, globose ; the numerous fruit naked at base, hooked-
bristly above.
All situations, common. January to May. Dall Sr Baker; Trask; Brand-
cgee; Moxley 689 (as 5. bipinnatifida) ; Millsp. 4535, 4841, Nuttall no, 1079,
1153, 1212; Knopf 5. 15. 85, 122.
2. DAUCUS Linn.
Annual or biennial, setosely hispid ; leaves pinnately decom-
pound with very small segments ; involucral bracts foliaceous and
divided, those of the involucels entire or 3-lobed ; outer rays of the
umbels often longest and connivent over the inner ones in fruit ;
flowers mostly white. Calyx 5-toothed. Disk and stylopodium most-
ly small and depressed. Fruit ovate or oblong, the carpels semiter-
ete or somewhat dorsally flattened ; primary ribs filiform and bristly,
the intermediate more prominent and winged with a row of more
or less united barbed prickles ; oil-tubes solitary under the wings.
Seed flat on the face or nearly so.
I. D. pusillus Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 164 (1820).
Annual or biennial, erect, 3-7 dm. high, retrorsely hispid ; leaves
bipinnate,, the segments pinnatifid, with short, narrowly linear
lobes; rays 4.2-12.7 mm. long, nearly equal; involucre bipinnatifid,
as long as the small umbel ; involucels equalling the yellowish flow-
ers; fruit 1-4.2 mm. long, shortly pedicellate, the prickles usually
equalling or exceeding the width of the body ; seed somewhat con-
cave on the face.
Open, exposed, dry situations. April to June. Braudegee; Grant 2376;
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 187
Pebble Beach Road, Pendleton 1372, Smith 5051, Beckzvith 6; Avalon Valley,
Smith 4980, Nuttall 496; Golf Links Canyon and Silver Canyon, Nuttall 80, 497;
Descanso Canyon, Moxley 752. WILD CARROT, VERBA DEL VIBORA. It
is considered a certain remedy for the bite of the rattlesnake. A poultice of
the fresh leaves is applied to the wound with perfect confidence, by both the
Mexican* and American residents of the island.
3. CAUCALIS Linn.
Annuals, mostly hispid ; leaves dissected ; umbels few-rayed,
often opposite the leaves or sessile ; flowers white or purplish. Calyx-
teeth prominent. Stylopodium thick and conical. Fruit as in Dau-
cus, but somewhat more laterally compressed, and the seed involute
or deeply channelled.
J. C. microcarpa H. .Sc A. Bot. Beech. 348 (1841).
Erect, slender, 15-28 cm. high, nearly glabrous; leaves much dis-
sected, slightly hispid ; umbels apparently sessile at the ends of the
stem and branches, subtended l3y 2 or more foliaceous dissected
bracts, 3-6-rayed ; rays slender, 2.6-7.6 cm. long ; umbellets few-flow-
ered, with unequal pedicels ; involucels of short entire bracts, rarely
more foliaceous and divided ; fruit oblong-oval, 4.2 mm. long, armed
with rows of hooked prickles ; seed deeply channelled.
Dry or even stony situations. April to May. Lyon; Brandegee list; Des-
canso Canyon, Moxley 751. RATTLESNAKE WEED. Much confidence is
placed in this herb as a remedy for rattlesnake bites when applied as noted
under Daucus pusillus.
4. FCENICULUM Adans.
Erect glabrous herbs, with pinnately decompound leaves, the
segments linear or capillary, and compound umbels of yellow flow-
ers. Involucre and involucels none. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Stylopo-
dium large, conic. Fruit linear-oblong, glabrous, terete, or nearly
so. Carpels half-terete, dorsally flattened, prominently ribbed ; oil-
tubes solitary in the intervals. Seed-face fiat, or slightly concave.
J. F. Foeniculum (L.) Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 837 (1882).
Anethmn Foeniculum Linn. Sp. PI. 263 (1753) .
Foeniculum vulgare Gaertn. Fr. & Sem. i : 105 ( 1788) .
Perennial. 6-12 dm. high. Leaves dissected into capillary seg-
ments; petioles broad, clasping; umbels large, 9-25-rayed, the rays
rather stout, somewhat glaucous, 2-8 cm. long in fruit ; pedicels 2-8
mm. long; fruit about 6mm. long.
Moist waste places. July to December. Masses of this adventive weed
grow in small gulches near Avalon (Millsp. 4473; Nuttall 707); Rowland's
(Knopf 251) and at Johnson's Landing (Nuttall). FENNEL.
As this species does not appear in the earlier collections from the island, it
must have "come in" since about lyio.
i88 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
5. APIASTRUM Nutt.
A smooth slender branching- Californian annual ; leaves dis-
sected, with linear segments ; umbels sessile, naked, few-rayed, in
the forks or opposite to the leaves ; flowers small, white. Calyx-
teeth obsolete. Petals ovate, concave, obtuse. Stylopodium depressed ;
styles short. Fruit cordate in ouline, laterally compressed with a
narrow commissure ; carpels incurved when mature, with 5 often
obscure rugulose ribs ; oil-tubes broad and solitary in the intervals,
and a narrow one under each rib. Seed concave and somewhat in-
curved lonufitudinally. Carpophore 2-parted, rigid.
I. A. angustifolium Nutt. T. & Or. Fl. 1 1644 (1840).
Herb 22-44 cm. high ; branches somewhat dichotomous ; leaves
2.6-5.1 cm. long, biternately or triternately divided, with linear or
nearly filiform segments ; umbels and umbellets very unequally 3-4-
rayed, the slender pedicels at length spinosely pointed with the
persistent carpophore ; fruit i mm. long, somewhat broader, variable
in the curvature of the carpels and in the prominence of the ribs,
which are sometimes nine, the primary and intermediate ones being
nearly equally developed.
In sandy situations. March to April. Mrs. Trask says the plant is "com-
mon," but the only specimens we have seen are Grant's ^.?7-/, and Knopf 376
from the hillside above Moonstone Beach.
*,
6. BOWLESIA R. & P.
Slender herbs, with scattered stellate pubescence ; leaves oppo-
site, simple, with scarious and lacerate stipules ; flowers white,
minute, in simple few-flowered umbels on axillary peduncles. Calyx-
teeth rather prominent. Petals elliptical, obtusish. Fruit broadly
ovate in outline, with a narrow commissure, turgid, becoming de-
pressed on the back, without ribs or oil-tubes. Seed flat on the
face, slightly hollowed on the back, not filling the calyx.
I. B. septentrionalis C. & R. Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 7 :3t (1900).
Annual, weak and slender, thinly pubescent, the stems dichoto-
mousl}^ branched, 3.3-6.8 dm. or more long; leaves thin, reniform to
cordate, 1-4 cm. broad, shorter than the slender petioles, deeply 5-
lobed, the acutish lobes entire or 1-2-toothed; peduncles much short-
er than the petioles; the umbels 1-4-flowered: fruit i mm. long, ses-
sile or nearly so, pubescent, the inflated calyx not adherent to the
carpels, which are at first but partially occupied by the seed.
Moist, shady situations in narrow gulches. April to June. Brandcgcc list
(as B. lobata) ; Cherry Valley, in dense shade of trees, Millsp. 4806; in a
"notch" at the sharp bend of the Equestrian Trail about half way up, Nuttall 593.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugii & Nuttall 189
Family 2. CORNACE^.
DOGWOOD FAMILY
Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs, with simple and entire mainly
opposite leaves, no stipules, and flowers in cymes (or capitate
clusters) or spikes ; the valvate petals and stamens 4 and epigynous
in fertile flowers (the former sometimes wanting-) ; calyx adnate to
the i-2-celled ovary, which becomes a 1-2-seeded drupe or berry in
fruit. Seed suspended, anatropous, with a minute embryo in hard
albumen.
I. SVIDA Opiz.
Shrubs or perennial herbs, rarely arborescent; leaves opposite,
entire; flowers small, in dichotomous cymes, white, yellowish or
greenish. Flowers perfect. Calyx minutely 4-toothed. Petals 4, ob-
long or ovate, valvate in the bud. Stamens 4, with slender filaments.
Style slender; stigma capitate or truncate. Drupe ovoid or oblong,
with a 2-celled 2-seeded stone. Cotyledons foliaceous.
I. S. catalinensis Alillsp. sp. nov. Plate X, f. i.
Frutex arborve circ. 6m. alta, caule 1.5-20 cm. crasso; ramis
rubropurpureis, arcuatis vel etiam ad terram descendentibus
ac demum profuse radicantibus, non pubescentibus nisi partibus
nascentibus puberulentia levi subtili adpressaque vestitis. Petioli
4-5 mm. longi, laminis ovato-lanceolatis, 3.5 5 cm. longis x 1.5 3 cm.
centise permoderate adpresso-puberulents;. floribus paucis effecta%
latis, integris, apice obtusis, basi ad petiolum angustatis. Inflores-
2.5-3 cm. latae; pedunculis circ. 2 cm., pedicellis 2.5 mm.; floribus
ochroleucis, 9 mm. latis; calvcis tubulo i mm., dentibus calcarioideis
0.5 mm.; petalis 4, lanceolatis, carnosis, acutis, recurvatis; stigmate
subcapitato. Fructus plumbeo-coloratus ; centro ligneo paene glo-
boso.
In more or less permanent water in canyon bottoms. May to June. Only
three localities discovered. Policy; Trask; "in a short canyon east of Avalon,"
Davidson (as Cornus pubesccns calif oniica) ; "a single tree in Banning's Can-
yon", Jepson 3046: like a weeping willow, "in pools of standing water many
branches droop straight down and strike root like a Banyan Tree", Hamilton
Canyon, Knopf S7, 125. CATALINA DOGWOOD.
Order 19. ERICALES.
Flowers complete, regular. Calyx toothed, lobed, or divided,
inferior, except in Vacciniaceae. Corolla mainly gamopetalous.
Stamens free from the corolla, or adnate only to its base (except
in Diapcnsia and Pyxidanthera of the Diapensiaceae), as many as
iQO Field Museum of Natukal History — Botany, Vol. V.
its lobes and alternate with them, or twice as many. Ovary com-
pound.
Family i. ERICACE^.
HEATH FAMILY
Shrubs, perennial herbs, or trees, with simple estipulate leaves,
and mostly perfect flowers. Calyx free from the ovary, 4-5-parted or
4-5-cleft, mostly persistent. Corolla regular, or rarely somewhat 2-
lipped, usually 4-5-toothed, -lobed or -parted. Stamens hypogynous,
usually as many or twice as many as the corolla-lobes, teeth or petals ;
anthers 2-celled, attached to the filaments by the back or base, the
sacs often prolonged upwardly into tubes. Ovary 2-5-celled ; stigma
peltate or capitate ; ovules usually numerous, anatropous. Fruit a
capsule, berry or drupe. Seeds usually numerous and minute, or
sometimes only i in each cavity ; endosperm fleshy ; embryo central ;
cotyledons short ; radicle terete.
Drupe papillose or warty, fleshy. i. Comarostaphylis.
Drupe smooth, not fleshy :
Leaf blades revolute, filaments filiform. 2. Xylococcus.
Leaf blades flat, filaments much dilated. 3. Uva-Ursi.
I. COMAROSTAPHYLIS Zucc.
Shrubs with erect, diffuse, or prostrate stems. Leaves alternate,
persistent, usually numerous; blades narrow or sometimes broad,
coriaceous, often revolute, entire or toothed, petioled. Flowers few
or numerous, in terminal solitary or clustered raceme-like panicles.
Calyx persistent; lobes 5, or rarely 4, much longer than the tube,
spreading or reflexed at maturity. Corolla cylindric-urceolate, ovoid-
urceolate, or globular-urceolate ; lobes 5, or rarely 4, broad and
short, mostly recurved. Stamens 10, or rarely 8, included ; filaments
short, dilated near the base, unappendaged, pubescent ; anthers
broad, each sac with a slender awn. Ovary 5-celled, or rarely 4-
celled, seated in a disk, depressed or ovoid, glabrous or pubescent :
style columnar, often somewhat elongate ; stigma minute, some-
times slightly dilated. Drupe globular, fleshy, the pericarp papillose
or warty, the 5 (or fewer by abortion) nutlets, united into a round
stone.
Leaf blades entire, obscurely pale-pubescent below. i. polifolia.
Leaf blades toothed, cinerous-tomentulose below. 2. diversifolia.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 191
1. C. polifolia (HBK) Zucc. Klotzsch, Linnaca 24:77 (1851).
Arctostaphylos polifolia HBK Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3:277 (1819).
A shrub with glabrous, or sparingly pubescent or puberulent
twigs ; leaf-blades linear, varying to slightly broadest above or below
the middle, thick, 2-4.5 cm. long, acute or slightly spinescent at
the apex, glabrous, at least ultimately so, and often shining above,
pale and glabrous beneath, or with persistent scattered hairs, or
puberulent, entire, revolute, short-petioled ; panicles rather loosely
flowered, the rachis and pedicels glabrous or with scattered hairs ;
calyx 5-5.5 mm. wide, the lobes ovate, usually broadly so, acute or
acutish, glabrous or merely ciliolate ; corolla 8-9 mm. long ; stamens
about 3 mm. long, the filaments villous ; ovary pubescent ; drupes
5-6 mm. in diameter.
The onl3' record that we have of this is : Swain's Canyon, Jcpson 3064.
2. C. diversifolia (Parry) Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 2:406 (1887).
Arctostaphylos diversifolia Parry, A. Gr. Syn. Fl. N. A. ed. 2
1:397 (1886).
A shrub with canescent-tomentulose twigs ; leaf-blades elliptic
or oval, varying to slightly broadest above or below the middle, 2-9
cm. long, obtuse or acutish, obscurely serrate-dentate, more or less
revolute, finely reticulate, ultimately glabrous and somewaht shin-
ing above, cinereous-tomentulose beneath, short-petioled ; panicles
loosely flowered, the rachis and pedicels cinereous-tomentulose ; calyx
6.5-8 mm. wide, the lobes lanceolate, acuminate, cinereous-tomentu-
lose; corolla 5-7 mm. long; stamens 2.5-3.5 mm. long, the filaments
villous below the middle ; ovary pubescent ; drupes globular, about
4 mm. in diameter.
Canyon sides near the bottoms. April to May. "Three trees from 4-5 m.
high, in but one canyon" — Trask ; Brandegee (in herb. Gray). MANZANIT.A^.
2. XYLOCOCCUS Nutt.
Shrubs with erect densely branched stems. Leaves alternate,
persistent; blades broad, entire, revolute, short-petioled. Flowers
tew in terminal unbranched panicles with stout rachis and pedicels,
the bracts scale-like. Calyx persi.stent; lobes 5, or rarely 4, very
broad, much longer than the tube, reflexed at maturity. Corolla
oblong-urceolate ; lobes 5, or rarely 4, very small, spreading or re-
curved. Stamens 10, or rarely 8, included ; fiilaments elongate,
dilated near the base, unappendaged, pubescent ; anthers broad, oval
or ovoid, each sac with a slender awn. Ovary ovoid, 5-celled or
rarely 4-celled, seated in a disk, pubescent; style elongate; stigma
minute. Drupe dry, with a smooth pericarp and a thin pulp, the
woody nutlets united into a solid stone.
192 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
I. X. bicolor Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. See. 2, 8 1259 (1843).
Arctostaphylos bicolor A. Gr. Proc. Am. Acad. 7:366 (1868).
A shrub densely branched above, with cinereous-tomentulose
twigs; leaf-blades ovate or oval, often apparently narrowly so on
account of the revolute margins, obtuse or acutish, 2-6 cm. long,
entire, ultimately veiny and glabrous or nearly so above, more or
less tomentose beneath, narrowed or rounded at the base, short-
petioled ; panicles short, recurved, densely few-flowered, the rachis
and pedicels tomentulose ; calyx about 5 mm. wide, the lobes ren-
iform or ovate-reniform, obtuse, tomentulose; corolla 8-9 mm. long,
white or pink, sometimes rose-colored, the lobes minute; stam-
ens 5-6 mm. long, the filaments very slender above the dilated base,
villous, the anthers nearly 2 mm. long ; drupes globular, 6-8 mm. in
diameter, often purplish-red.
Dry, exposed situations. April. It occurs "frequently beyond the Isthmus
where it grows from 2.4-4 m- high" — Trask; Lyon, "Sometimes reaching a
height of 4 m." ; Brandegee. "Thin soil of a rocky, exposed point, forming a
dense patch some 3 m. in diameter. Bushes about 12.2 dm. high,"(jranf 6158.
3. UVA— URSI Mill.
Low spreading or erect shrubs or small trees, with exfoliating
bark, on trunks and old branches often polished and reddish-brown.
Leaves alternate, petioled or sessile, firm or coriaceous, evergreen,
often similar on both surfaces and vertical by a twist of the petiole.
Flowers in terminal racemes or panicles, small, nodding on slender
pedicels bracteolate at base, and borne in the axils of persistent or
deciduous bracts. Calyx 5-parted, the oblong to orbicular lobes per-
sistent. Corolla urceolate to oblong-campanulate, 5-lobed, the lobes
short, rounded, recurved, imbricate in the bud. Stamens 10, in-
cluded ; filaments dilated and usually hairy at base ; anthers erect,
short, introrse, with 2 recurved dorsal awns ; pollen-sacs opening
by a terminal pore. Disk lo-lobed. Ovary 4-10-celled; ovules solitary
in the cavity ; style slender. Drupe with 4-10 seed-like nutlets, ir-
regularly separable or united into a solid stone ; pericarp thin or
often with a granular pulp.
Terminal parts cinereous with a fine tomentum. i. pungens.
Terminal parts setose-hispid to glandular-villous. 2. tomentosa.
I. U-U. pungens (HBK) Abrams, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Card. 6:432
(1910).
Arctostaphylos pungens HBK. Nov. Gen. et. Sp. 3 : 278, (1819).
An erect shrub, branching from the base, 1-3 m. high, with
smooth reddish-brown bark and branchlets more or less cinereous
Flora of Santa Catalin a Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 193
with a fine tomentum ; leaf-blades ovate to lanceolate or obovate to
oblanceolate, 15-30 mm. long, usually less than 15 mm. wide, min-
utely grayish-tomentose when young, becoming dull-green or more
or less shining; flowers in short spike-like racemes, the racemes
simple or with i or 2 short branches ; bracts triangular, 3 mm. long,
tomentose throughout ; pedicels 5-7 mm. long, glabrous ; calyx-lobes
rounded, 1.5mm. long, glabrous; corolla 7mm. long; ovary glab-
rous ; fruit depressed-globose, 5-8 mm. broad, smooth, chestnut-
brown ; nutlets separable or irregularly coalescent, carinate and
prominently corrugately wrinkled.
Dry canyon slopes. April to May. Reported by Brandegee who includes
under this species A. insularis Greene, which we judge to be a race of the next
species. We have not been able to find a Catalina specimen of this species in
any herbarium, nor have our collectors found it on the island.
2. U-U. tomentosa (Pursh.) Abrams, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6:433
(1910).
Arbutus tomentosa Pursh. Fl. Am. Sept. 1:282 (1814).
Arctostaphylos tomentosa Lindl. Bot. Reg. 21, pi. 1791 (1836).
Arctostaphylos glandiilosa Eastw. Proc. Calif. Acad. 3, i :82 (1897).
An erect branching shrub, forming a low compact rounded bush
a meter or more high, or sometimes arborescent and 3-4 m. high ; bark
smooth, bright or dark reddish-brown ; young branchlets more or less
tomentose and often setose-hispid or glandular-villous ; leaf-blades
petioled, broadly ovate to oblong-lanceolate, mostly more than 25 mm.
long, varj'ing from rather dark-green and nearly glabrous to densely
canescent or glandular-pubescent at least toward the base ; flowers in
open or crowded panicles ; bracts usually more or less f oliaceous, often
longer than the pedicels, persistent; pedicels variously pubescent or
sometimes glabrate ; calyx-lobes ovate to orbicular, nearly or quite
glabrous, more or less ciliate on the margins ; corolla white to rose-
colored, 6-7 mm. long ; filaments densely bearded at the base to nearly
glabrous; ovary densely tomentose and more or less glandular to
almost naked ; fruit depressed-globose, 6-8 mm. broad, light yellowish-
brown to deep chestnut-brown, glabrous, more or less tomentose or
glandular; nutlets irregularly coalescent, acutely carinate.
Canyon slopes and ridges. December to May. Lyon; Trask (A. glandulosa
of Eastwood) ; Brandegee list ; central ridge of Banning's Canyon, Nuttall 334;
ridge between Black Jack and Echo Lake, trees up to 3 m. high, Knopf 272.
MANZ.A.NITA.
Order 20. PRIMULALES.
Herbs, shrubs or trees. Corolla usually present, gamopetalous.
Calyx mostly free from the ovary. Stamens borne on the corolla, as
many as its lobes, or twice as many, or more.
194 FfKLi) Museum of Natural History — Botany. \'ol. V.
Family i. PRIMULACEiE.
PRIMROSE FAMILY
Herbs, with perfect regular flowers. Calyx free from the ovary
(adnate to its lower part in Samohis), usually 5-parted, persistent or
rarely deciduous. Corolla gamopetalous in our species, usually 5-cleft,
deciduous. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes- and opposite them,
hypogynous or rarely perigynous, inserted on the corolla ; filaments
distinct or connate at the base ; anthers introrse, 2-celled, the sacs
longitudinally dehiscent. Disk obsolete, or none. Ovary superior
(partly inferior in Samoh(s), i-celled; placenta central, free; ovules
anatropous, or amphitropous ; style i ; stigma simple, mostly capitate,
entire. Capsule i -celled, 2-6-valved, rarely circumscissile or inde-
hiscent. Seeds few or several, the testa adherent to the fleshy or
horny copious endosperm ; embryo small, straight ; cotyledons obtuse.
Flowers axillary, stems leafy. i. Anag.\lus.
Flowers scapose, leaves basal. 2. Dodecatheon.
1. ANAGALLIS Linn.
Herbs, with opposite or verticillate (rarely alternate) sessile or
short-petioled leaves, entire or nearly so, and small axillary peduncled
flowers. Calyx 5-parted, the lobes lanceolate or subulate, persistent.
Corolla deeply 5-parted, rotate, the segments entire or erose, convolute
in the bud, longer than the calyx. Stamens 5; filaments puberulent,
or pubescent, distinct, or united into a narrow ring at the base ;
anthers oblong, obtuse. Ovary globose ; ovules numerous ; stigma
obtuse. Capsule globose, circumscissile, many seeded. Seeds minute,
flat on the back.
J. A, arvensis Linn. Sp. PI.148 (1753)-
Annual, diffuse; branches 1-3 dm. long, 4-sided. Leaves ovate or
oval, membranous, sessile or somewhat clasping, 6-20 mm. long, black-
dotted beneath; peduncles filiform, 1-4 cm. long, recurved in fruit;
calyx-lobes keeled, slightly shorter than the crenate glandular-ciliate
corolla-segments ; flowers scarlet, sometimes white, usually with a
darker center, 4-6 mm. broad, opening only in bright weather; capsule
glabrous, about 4 mm. in diameter.
Moist, rich soil of gulches. January to June. The flowers always rich
salmon-pink. Brandegee ; ditches of Coach Road. Smith 5078; Schoolhouse
Ridge, Nnttall 5; in shade, moist heavy soil of Avalon Run, Millst. -fjio. ^6w.'
Pebble Beach Canyon, Knot^f no. PIMPERNEL. POOR MAN'S WEATH1':K
GLASS.
1'"lora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttai.l 195
2. DODECATHEON Linn.
Glabrous scapose perennial herbs, with basal leaves. Flowers in
involucrate umbels terminating scapes. Calyx deeply 5-lobecl, per-
sistent, the lobes at first reflexed. Corolla 5-parted, the lobes reflexed,
imbricated, the tube very short, thickened at the throat. Stamens 5,
on the throat of the corolla ; filaments short, flat, monadelphous, con-
nivent into a cone, exserted; anthers linear or lanceolate, connivent,
attached by their bases to the filaments. Ovary superior; ovules am-
phitropous ; style exserted ; stigma simple. Capsule oblong or cylindric,
erect, 5-6-valved at the apex or splitting to the base. Seeds numerous,
minute; the testa punctate.
Leaves erose, papillate margined. i. Cleveland!.
Leaves entire, hyaline margined. 2. Hendcrsoni.
1. D. Clevelandi Greene, Pitton. I -.213 (1888).
Pale green and glandular, 3-6 dm. high ; roots formed at the begin-
ning of the dry season and remaining dormant, no tubers formed :
leaves scarcely fleshy, ascending or erect, spatulate-obovate, the mar-
gins erose ; corolla bright purple with a yellow base ; filaments purple,
becoming yellow at the base of the anthers ; anthers purple except the
midvein, about twice the length of the staminal tube, the apex blunt,
retuse ; capsule oblong, circumscissile at the top.
Moister canyon slopes and even dry ridges, abundant. February to May.
Hamilton Canyon, Moxley 750; eastern slope of Avalon Canyon, Millsp. 4557 :
Reservoir Hill, Nuttall 1028; upper road to Pebble Beach, Knopf 104. SHOOT-
ING STAR.
2. D. Hendersoni Gray, Bot. Gaz. II 1233 (1886).
Leaves broad and short with a hyaline margin, entire. Capsule
chartaceous, at last nearly twice the length of the calyx, cylindraceous-
oblong, becoming urceolate as the placenta enlarges and the open
summit broadens: the short, more or less hemispherical apex becomes
more distinctly circumscribed than in other species, and at length falls
away (with the style) as a lid, and the truncate orifice seems* indisposed
to split up at all into valves.
Moister canyon slopes and ridges. April to May. Mr. Brandegce reports
this species under D. Mcadia and includes D. Jeffreyi. We have been unable
to turn up a specimen from Catalina in any herbarium and have not seen it
on the island.
Order 21. GENTIANALES.
Herbs, shrubs, vines or trees. Leaves opposite, or rarely alter-
nate. Flowers regular. Corolla gamopetalous, rarely polypetalous,
nerved, wanting in Forestiera of the Oleaceae. Stamens mostly bomr
on the lower part of the corolla when this is present, as many as its
196 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
lobes or fewer and alternate with them. Ovaries 2, distinct, or i with
2 cavities (rarely more), or 2 placentae.
Stigmas distinct, juice not milky. i. Gentianaceae.
Stigmas united, juice milky:
Styles united, stamens distinct. 2. Apocynaceae,
Styles distinct, stamens united. 3. Asclepiadaceae.
Family i. GENTIANACE^.
GENTIAN FAMILY
Bitter mostly glabrous herbs, with opposite (rarely verticillate)
estipulate entire leaves, reduced to scales in Leiphaimos, and regular
perfect flowers in clusters, or solitary at the ends of the stems or
branches. Calyx inferior, persistent, 4-12-lobed, toothed or -divided
(of 2 sepals in Oholaria), the lobes imbricated or not meeting in the
bud. Corolla gamopetalous, often marcescent, 4-12-lobed or -parted.
Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla, alternate with them,
inserted on the tube or throat ; anthers 2-celled, longitudinally dehiscent.
Disk none, or inconspicuous. Ovary superior in our genera, i -celled or
partly 2-celled ; ovules numerous, anatropous or amphitropous ; stigma
entire, or 2-lobed, or 2-cleft. Capsule mostly dehiscent by 2 valves.
Endosperm fleshy, copious; embryo small, terete or conic.
I. CENTAURIUM Hill.
Herbs mostly annual or biennial, with sessile or amplexicau!
leaves, and pink, white or yellow flowers in cymes or .spikes. Calyx
tubular, 5-4-lobed or -divided, the lobes or segments narrow, keeled.
Corolla salverform, 5-4-lobed, the lobes spreading, contorted, con-
volute in the bud. Stamens 5 or 4, inserted on the corolla tube ;
filaments short-filiform : anthers becoming spirally twisted. Ovary
i-celled, the placentae sometimes intruded; style filiform; 'stigma
2-lobed. Capsule 2-valved. Seed-coat reticulated.
I. C. venustum (Gray) Rob. Proc. Am. Acad. 45 :397 (1910).
Erythraea venusta Gray, Bot. Calif. 1 1479 ( 1876) .
Herb 2-3 dm. high, simple and cymosely several-flowered at sum-
mit, or corymbosely branched : leaves from ovate to oblong-lanceolate,
rather obtuse (12.7-20 mm. long): calyx-lobes very narrow down to
the base : corolla deep and bright pink with a yellow centre ; the lobes
oval and obtuse, becoming oblong, 8.4-12.7 mm. in length: filaments
rather longer than the oblong-linear anthers.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 197
In grass in canyons and rigdes. May to June. Lyon; Brandegec ; Trask;
Coach Road near Summit, Smith 50T7; Rock Spring Canyon, Smith 5099; Pebble
Beach and Grand Canyons, Nuttall 183, 609. CANCHALAGUA.
A decoction of the root is used, by the Mexicans, as a tonic.
[Erythraea trichantha Griseb. Dr. Gray says (Bot. Calif. 2 :464) :
"Santa Catalina, Dr. Schumacher." Parish remarks (Zee 5:116)
"Subsequent collectors there have not found it. There is no specimen
from Schumacher, or any Santa Catalina specimen, in the Gray Her-
barium and the authenticated range of the plant does not indicate its
presence on the island." Our collectors have not seen it, nor can we
find a Catalina specimen in any herbarium].
Family 2. APOCYNACEiE.
DOGBANE FAMILY
Perennial herbs, shrubs, vines, or some tropical genera trees,
mostly with an acrid milky juice, with simple estipulate leaves, and
perfect regular 5-parted flowers. Calyx inferior, persistent, the lobes
imbricated in the bud. Corolla gamopetalous, its lobes convolute in
the bud and often twisted. Stamens as many as the lobes of
the corolla, alternate with them, inserted on the tube or throat;
anthers 2-celled ; pollen-grains simple. Ovary superior, or its base
adherent to the calyx, of 2 distinct carpels, or i-celled, with 2 parietal
placentae, or 2-celled; ovules anatropous or amphitropous. Style
simple, or 2-divided ; stigma simple. Fruit usually of 2 follicles or
drupes. Seeds often appendaged ; endosperm fleshy ; embryo straight ;
radicle terete, usually shorter than the cotyledons.
I. VINCA Linn.
Herbs, some species slightly woody, with opposite leaves and
large soUtary axillary flowers. Calyx 5-parted, the segments acuminate.
Corolla salverform, the tube pubescent within, the lobes oblique.
Stamens included. Disk of 2 glands, alternate with the 2 carpels.
Ovules several in each carpel; style filiform; stigma aimular, its apex
penicillate. Follicles 2, cylindric, several-seeded. Seeds oblong-cylin-
dric, truncate at each end.
I. V. minor Linn. Sp. PI. 209 (1753)-
Perennial, trailing, glabrous; stems 1.5-6 dm. long. Leaves oblong
to ovate, entire, firm, shining, green both sides, narrowed at the base,
short-petioled, 2-6 cm. long; flowers blue, 1.8-3 cm. broad; peduncles
1-4 cm. long; calyx-segments subulate-lanceolate, glabrous; corolla-
tqS Imlld Musfam of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
tube expanded above, as long as or slightly longer than the obovate,
nearly truncate lobes ; anther-sacs with a broad connective.
Escaped from gardens to grassy situations near Avalon, Millsp., Nuttall
Soi; and at Cherrv Valley and Howland's. PERIWINKLE. GROUND MYR-
TLE.
Family 3. ASCLEPIADACEiE.
MILKWEED FAMILY
Perennial herbs, vines or shrubs, mostly with milky juice, with
estipulate leaves, and cymose or umbellate, perfect regular flowers.
Calyx inferior, its tube very short, or none, its segments imbricated
or separate in the bud. Corolla campanulate, urceolate, rotate or fun-
nelform, 5-lobed or 5-cleft, the segments commonly reflexed. A
5-lobed or 5-parted crown (corona) between the corolla and the
stamens and adnate to one or the other. Stamens 5, inserted on the
corolla ; filaments short, stout, mostly monadelphous, or distinct ;
anthers attached by their bases to the filaments, introrsely 2-celled.
connivent around the stigma, or more or less united with each other;
anther-sacs tipped with an inflexed or erect scarious membrane, or
unappendaged at the top, sometimes appendaged at the base ; pollen
coherent into waxy or granular masses, one or rarely two such masses
in each sac, connected with the stigma in pairs or fours, by 5 glandular
corptiscles alternate with the anthers. Disk none. Ovary of 2 carpels ;
styles 2, short, connected at the summit by the peltate discoid stigma ;
ovules numerous in each carpel, mostly anatropous, pendulous. Fruit
of 2 follicles. Seeds compressed, usually appendaged by a long coma ;
endosperm cartilaginous; embryo nearly as long as the seed; cotyle-
«lons flat.
I. PHILIBERTIA HBK.
Perennial herbaceous or shrubby twining plants, with opposite
petiolate leaves and dull-colored fragrant flowers : peduncles umbel-
lately several-many-flowered. Calyx minutely 5-glandular within.
Corolla open-campanulate or (in our species) rotate and deeply 5-cleft
or -parted ; lol>es commonly ciliate, narrowly overlapping. Crown
double, the outer a membranous ring adnate to the base of the corolla,
the inner of 5 fleshy or hood-like scales adnate to the base of the
stamineal column. Stigma flat or umbonate or with a short 2-cleft
beak. Follicles rather thick, smooth, acuminate.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 199
J. P. hirtella (Gray) Parish, Muhl. 3 : 12O (1907).
Sarcostemma lieterophyllinn hirtclhim Gray, Bet. Calif, i :478
(1876).
Philibertia linearis hirtella Gray, Syn. M. 2 :88 ( 1878) .
Slender, low twining or when young erect ; cinereous-pubescent
throughout with short spreading hairs. Leaves narrowly linear, acute
or nearly so at both ends, short-petioled (2.6 cm. long) ; peduncle ex-
ceeding the leaves, 8-io-flowered ; corolla yellowish, purplish or whitish,
8.4 mm. long ; sepals slender ; calyx-lobes ovate ; crowns contiguous.
Festooning rocks. May. Mrs. Trask says: "In one locality it covers a
great rock which, falling from an overhanging cliff, has nearly filled the narrow
arroyo." This is the only knowledge we have of this plant on Catalina.
Order 22. POLEMONIALES.
Mostly herbs ; rarely shrubs or trees. Corolla almost always
ganiopetalous, regular or irregular. Stamens adnate to the corolla-
tube usually to*the middle or beyond, as many as the corolla-lobes, or
fewer and alternate with them. Ovar\' i, superior, compound (in
Boraginaceae and Lamiaceae deeply 4-lobed around the style).
Stamens 5 :
Gynoecium of 2 distinct carpels i. Dichondraceae
G^Tioecium of partially or wholly united carpels :
Fruit capsular or baccate, ovary not 4-lobed :
Styles of stigmas distinct :
Ovary 2-celled :
Leaves normal, plants not parasitic 2. Convolvulaceae
Leaves none, plants parasitic 3. Cuscutaceae
Ovary i -celled 4. Hydrophyll.\ceae
Ovary 3-celled 5. Polemoniaceae.
Styles or stigmas wholly united :
Flowers regular 6. Solanaceae
Flowers irregular 7- Scrophulariaceae
Fruit of 2-4 nutlets 8. Borraginaceae
Stamens 4 didynamous, or i or 2 :
Carpels ripening into a group of 4 nutlets :
Styles apical on the lobeless ovary 9. Verbenaceae
Styles arising between the 4 lobes of the ovary
10. Lamiaceae
Carpels ripening into a capsule, plants parasitic
II. Orobanchaceae
Family i. DICHONDRACE^.
dichondra family
Prostrate or creeping slender herbs, with nearly orbicular, cordate
or reniform, petioled entire leaves, and small solitar}- axillary peduncled
flowers. Sepals nearly equal. Corolla open-campanulate, deeply
5-lobed. Stamens shorter than the corolla; filaments fiiliform. Ovary
200 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
villous, deeply 2-parted, each lobe 2-celled; styles 2, simple, arising
from the bases of the ovary-lobes ; stigmas capitate. Fruit of two
pubescent, 2-valved or indehiscent, 1-2-seeded capsules.
Ovary 2-parted i. Dichondra
Ovary entire 2. Cressa
I. DICHONDRA Forst.
Characters of the family.
I. D. occidentalis House, Muhlenb. i : 130 (1906).
Stem perennial, slender, creeping, branching, 10-40 cm. long, glab-
rate or appressed pubescent with silvery hairs when young : leaf-blades
large, broadly reniform, 2-5 cm. broad, 1-3 cm. long, usually retuse at
the apex, glabrous or with some scattered pubescence, dark green
alx)ve, paler beneath, shallowly cordate and somewhat cuneate at the
base, 7-nerved ; petioles 5-8 cm. long, pubescent toward the base :
peduncles fiiliform, 1-2 cm. long: calyx turbinate, densely pubescent,
its lobes obovate, 1.5 mm. long, blunt or rounded, scarcely enlarged in
fruit: corolla nearly twice as long as the calyx, subrotate, white, its
lobes ovate, obtuse : capsules about 4 mm. high, subglobose, sericeous-
pubescent: seeds brown, glabrous, 1.5 mm. long.
Rather moist shady situations. March to April. Mrs. Trask, who was the
only collector of this species, says : "Flowers never seen. Found in three local-
ities only"; Avalon, April, 1808, (as Dichondra repcns).
2. CRESSA Linn.
Corolla deeply 5-cleft, not plaited; the oblong or ovate lobes
more than half the length of the somewhat campanulate tube, lightly
convolute in the bud, or with one lobe external. Stamens and the two
distinct entire styles exserted. Stigmas capitate. Capsule 2-valved, by
abortion commonly one-seeded.
1. C. truxillensisHBK. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 3:93 (1818).
Perennial herb, 22-44 cm. bigh, erect or diffuse, exceedingly
branched, silky-villous and hoary : leaves very numerous, small (4.2-
8.4 mm. long), almost sessile, mostly ovate-lanceolate or oblong: flow-
ers sessile or short-pcduncled in the upper axils : corolla 4.2-6.3 mm.
long, white, silky-pubescent outside, a little longer than the calyx.
Saline situations in open places, but extending well inland. April to June.
Ballast Point in Catalina Harbor, Lyon: Trask; Brandegee (as C. cretica) :
Macbride & Payson 871; Millsp. 4789; Nutlall 80.}.. Avalon vicinity, Mrs.
Miller; Eastwood 6490; Nuttall S2S. Middle Ranch. Nuttall 664. much taller
and less pubescent than the plants of saline influence. Rowland's, Nuttall 809-
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 201
Family 2. CONVOLVULACE^.
MORNING GLORY FAMILY
Herbs or vines, some tropical species shrubs or trees, with alter-
nate estipulate leaves, and regular perfect axillary cymose or solitary
flowers. Calyx inferior, 5-parteci or 5-divided, usually persistent, the
segments or sepals imbricated. Corolla gamopetalous, the limb
5-angled, 5-lobed or entire. Stamens 5, inserted low down on the tube
of the corolla and alternate with its lobes, all anther-bearing, the fila-
ments fiiliform, or dilated at the base; anthers 2-celled, the sacs
longitudinally dehiscent. Disk annular or none. Ovary superior,
sessile, 2-3-celled, with 2 ovules in each cavity, or falsely 4-6-celled with
a single ovule in each cavity, usually entire; .styles 1-3, terminal, ovules
anatropous. Fruit mostly a 2-4-valved capsule. Seeds erect, the testa
villous, pubescent or glabrous ; embryo plaited or crumpled ; cotyledons
foliaceous; endosperm fleshy or cartilaginous, usually scanty.
Stig^mas capitate. i. Ipomoea.
Stigmas filiform or oblong. 2. Convolvulus.
I. IPOMCEA Linn.
Twining trailing or rarely erect herbs, with large showy axillary
flowers. Corolla funnel form or campanulate, the limb entire, 5-angled
or 5-lobed, the tube plaited. Stamens included. Ovary entire, 2-4-
celled, 4-6-ovuled ; styles united, included ; stigmas i or 2, capitate or
globose. Capsule usually septifragally 2-4 valved, 2-4-seeded.
1. I. hederacea Jacq. Icon. Rar. pi. 36 (1781).
Annual, pubescent; stem twining or climbing to a height of 6.8-15
dm., slender, retrorsely hairy. Leaves ovate-orbicular in outline, long-
petioled, deeply 3-lobed, cordate at the base, 5.i-i2cm. long, the lobes
ovate, acuminate, entire, or the lateral ones sometimes repand or
dentate; peduncles 1-3-flowered, much shorter than the petioles; flow-
ers opening in early morning, soon closing ; sepals lanceolate with long
linear often recurved tips, densely hirsute below, sparingly so above, 2-3
dm. long; corolla funnel form, the tube usually nearly white, the limb
light blue or purple, 2.6-3.8 cm. long ; ovary 3-celled ; stigmas 3 ; cap-
sule depressed-globose, 3-valved, about as long as the lanceolate portion
of the sepals.
Plentiful!}' escaped from gardens and fully established in canyons. January
to December. Vicinity of Avalon, Millsp. 4541, and in Cherrv Valley, at How-
land's and Johnson's Landings. MORNING-GLORY.
202 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany. Vol. V.
2. CONVOLVULUS Linn.
Herbs (the following species perennials with slender roots or
rootstocks) with trailing, twining or erect stems. Leaves entire dentate
or lobed, mostly cordate or sagittate and petioled. Flowers axillary,
solitary or clustered, large, pink, purple or white. Sepals nearly equal
or the outer larger, the calyx bractless or with a pair of bracts at its
base. Corolla funnel form or campanulate, the limb plaited, 5-angled,
5-lobed or entire. Stamens inserted on the tube of the corolla, in-
cluded ; filaments filiform, or dilated at the base. Ovary 1-2-celled,
4-ovuled; style filiform; stigmas 2, filiform, oblong, or ovoid. Capsule
globose or nearly so, 1-4-celled, 2-4-valved. Seeds glabrous.
Leaves flesh}^ maritime species. 1. Soldanella.
Leaves not fleshy, interior species :
Peduncles shorter than the petioles. 2. californicus.
Peduncles much exceeding the petioles :
Leaves sagittate. 3. occidentalis.
Leaves hastate. 4. sepium.
1. C. Soldanella Linn. Sp. PI. 159 (1753).
Maritime, low, glabrous : stems 3.3 dm. or less in length, trailing,
rarely attempting to climb: leaves kidney-shaped, entire or obscurely
angulate-lobed, 2.6-5.1 cm. broad, long-petioled : bracts ovate-cordate,
not longer than the sepals : corolla pink or purplish, 2.6 cm. or more
in length : capsule becoming one-celled.
In the sand of the sea beaches. May to June. L\on; Brandegee. SEA-
SIDE MORNING-GLORY.
2. C. californicus Choisy. DC. Prodr. 9 1405 (1845).
Minutely and rather densely pubescent, or somewhat glabrate, 22
cm. or less high and subcaulescent, or producing trailing stems 2-3 dm.
long : leaves mostly obtuse, from ovate or obovate and obscurely hastate
to triangular-hastate and the later ones acute, and the basal lobes
sometimes 1-2-toothed, long-petioled: peduncles shorter than the
petiole : bracts oblong or oval, not unHke the outer sepals and equalling
them, or rather shorter: corolla white, cream-color, or flesh-color.
3.8-5.1 cm. long.
Climbing over shrubbery. April to May. Lyon; Brandegee. CALIFOR-
NIA BINDWEED. We have failed to find this, or the previous species on the
island, but do not doubt their occurrence there.
3. C. occidentalis Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11 :89 (1875).
Glabrous or minutely pubescent: stems twining, 6-15 dm. high:
leaves from broadly ovate-triangular with a deep and narrow basal
sinus to narrowly lanceolate-hastate; the posterior lobes often 1-2
toothed: peduncle elongated, not rarely 2-flowered within the bracts;
J
Flora OF Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugii & Nuttall 203
these ovate or rarely oblong, commonly surpassing and enclosing the
calyx : corolla white or pinkish, 2.6-3.8 cm. long, and the expanded
limb as wide.
Dry canyon slopes everywhere. January to June. The prevalent species
on the island. Lyon; Trask ; Brandcgec ; Millsp. 4496, 4657, 4752; Nuttall 2,
1043; Smith 5079; Knopf 54. All our collectors have failed to find a specimen
of this species that would answer to C. inacrostegius of Guadaloupe Island.
WESTERN BINDWEED.
4. C. sepium Linn. Sp. PI. 153 (1753).
Glabrous or sparingly pubescent; stems extensively trailing or
high-twining, 9-30 dm. long. Leaves slender-petioled, triangular in
outline, hastate, 5.i-i2cm. long, acute or acuminate at the apex, the
basal lobes divergent, usually acute, angulate-dentate or entire; petioles
12-50 mm. long; peduncles i-flowered, longer than the petioles, often
2-;^ times as long; flowers pink with white stripes or white throughout,
about 5-1 cm. long; bracts at the base of the corolla, large, ovate, acute
or obtuse, cordate ; stigmas oblong.
Dry situations. February to April. Climbing over Eriogonum giganteum
in the arroya of Avalon Valley, Millsp. 4657. GREAT BINDWEED. This is
the only return of the species from Catalina and is the most southerly record
for this plant on the Pacific Coast.
[Quamoclit sp. An exotic species of Ouamoclit, at present un-
placed, grows in a large clump in the grounds of the Banning
House, at the Isthmus. It is here recorded in the event of its pos-
sible establishment later.
Slender vine growing in a congested clmnp. Stems 10 dm. or more
in length, smooth. Leaves alternate triangular-hastate, petioled, dull
green above, pale beneath, 1.5 x i cm. more or less. Inflorescence
axillary, single flowers on peduncles longer than leaves. Calyx
5-parted, 3 and 2 divisions ovate, acuminate, i cm. or more long, hairy :
corolla about 3 x 1.5 cm. gibbous and inflated, white at base shading to
dark blue-purple above, irregular, lobes 3 and 2. Stamens 4, in 2 pairs
attached near the base of the corolla, filaments hairy at base, anthers
versatile. Style single; stigma linear; ovary single i -celled, many
seeded. Nuttall Qoy].
Family 3. CUSCUTACE^.
DODDER FAMILY
White, red or yellow slender parasites, dextrorsely twining, the
leaves reduced to minute alternate scales. Calyx inferior. 5-lobed
or 5-parted (rarely 4-lobed or 4-parted), or of 5 distinct sepals.
Corolla 5-lobed (rarely 4-lobed), the tube bearing as many fimbriate
or crenulate scales as there are lobes and alternate with them, or
these sometimes obsolete. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes,
inserted in the throat or sinuses above the scales ; anthers short.
204 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, \''ol. V.
ovate or oval, obtuse, 2-celled, the sacs longitudinally dehiscent.
Ovary 2-celled; ovules 2 in each cavity; styles 2, terminal, separate,
or rarely united below stigmas linear or capitate. Capsule globose
or ovoid, circumscissile, irregularly bursting or indehiscent, 1-4-
seeded. Seeds glabrous ; embryo linear, terete, curved or spiral, its
apex bearing 1-4 minute alternate scales; endosperm fleshy; cotyle-
dons none.
I. CUSCUTA Linn.
Characters of the family. The filiform twining stems are para-
sitic on herbs and shrubs by numerous minute suckers. The seeds
germinate in the soil and the plantlet attaches itself to its host, its
root and lower portion soon perishing. The subsequent nutrition of
the parasite is apparently wholly through its suckers. Indications
of a small amount of green coloring matter, possibly chlorophyll,
have been observed in some species.
I. C. occidentalis Millsp. nom. nov.
Cusciita californica hreviflora Engelm. Tr. Acad. Sci. St. Ix)uis
1:499 (1859).
Flowers subsessile in dense glomerules ; corolla somewhat nar-
rowly campanulate ; stamens and styles short ; anthers oval. The
flowers as the capsule matures, when viewed from above, present a
rather characteristic stellate appearance because of the spreading of
the lobes.
In our opinion this plant presents sufficient characters to distin-
guish it as a species. The designation hreviflora not being tenable, we
are obliged to go further for a distinctive appellation.
On low shrubs in dry situations beyond the coast. March to September.
Trask; Brandegee; on the Golf Links and at the base of Black Jack, Nuttall
272, 902. WESTERN DODDER.
Family 4. HYDROPHYLLACE^.
water-leaf family
Herbs or rarely shrubs with watery insipid juice alternate or
sometimes opposite leaves no stipules, mostly a scorpioid inflorescence
in the manner of Borraginacea, regular 5-merous 5-androus flowers
with the stamens borne on the base or lower part of the corolla alter-
nate with its lobes, a 2-merous ovary with the two styles distinct or
partly united the stigmas terminal. Ovules amphitropous or anatro-
pous, from 4 to very many, pendulous or when numerous almost hori-
zontal. Hypogynous annular disk at the base of the ovary often
\
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 205
conspicuous. Fruit a capsule, i -celled with two parietal placentae or
incompletely 2-celled by the approximation or meeting of the placentae
(borne on semisepta), or even completely 2-celled by their union in the
axis. Seeds with a close and unusually reticulated or pitted testa and
a small or slender embryo in cartilaginous or firm-fleshy albumen.
Scorpioid cymes sometimes complete more commonly reduced to ge-
minate or solitary false spikes or racemes, the pedicels bractless. Calyx
5-parted or of nearly distinct sepals.
Placentae membranaceous lining the pericarp.
Calyx appendaged. i. Nemophila.
Calj-x luiappendaged. 2. Ellisia.
Placentae axial, linear.
Corolla deciduous. 3. Phacelia.
Corolla persistent. 4. Emmenanthe.
Placentae on the half-dissepiments. 5. Eriodictyon.
I. NEMOPHILA Nutt.
Diffuse, more or less hirsute tender winter-annuals with opposite
or alternate and usually pinnatifid leaves ; inflorescence in terminal
and lateral racemes or single on terminal or lateral peduncles ; flowers
white, blue or violet ( frequently all in one species) ; corolla longer tlian
the calyx except in one species.
Inflorescence racemose.
Leaves amplexicaulous. i. aurita.
Leaves petiolate :
Capsule tetraspermous. 2. erodiifolia.
Capsule monospermous. 3. racemosa.
Inflorescence solitary. 4. insignis.
*Leaves mostly alternate, stems long and weak beset with sparse
and stifT reflexed prickles by which the plants are disposed to climb;
later flowers unaccompanied by leaves therefore loosely racemose ;
ovules 4 only.
1. N. aurita Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19 :t. 1601 (1833).
Stems 3-9 dm. long, leaves all with an auriculate-dilated and clasp-
ing base or winged petiole, the upper deeply pinnatifid into 5-9 oblong
or lanceolate and mostly retrorse lobes ; calyx appendages small ;
corolla violet, nearly 2.5 cm. in diameter, its internal appendages broad,
partly free, in pairs at the base of each stamen ; seeds globose, reticu-
lated with the spaces deeply sunken.
Shady places in canons. May. Rock Falls Canon, Nuttall 252, Silver Can-
\on, I2CX); Knopf 41 ; Brandegee and Mrs. Trask "on nearly all canon sides"
■(N. Y.;U. S., 349923).
2, N. erodiifolia Millsp. .f/>. Moz'.
Herba, debilis, aquosa, decumbens, 3-6 dm. ; rami multi, divaricati.
2o6 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
infra glabri, supra retrorsum uncinulo-setosa ; folia inf eriora oppositn.
superiora alterna. petiolata, utrinque setis compressis eis petioloruni
non dissiinilibus vestita (facie inferiore deiisius pubescenti atque aliis
setis longis aciculatis apud compresses conspersis instructa) : onmia tri-
angulato-ovata, pinnatifida in 5-7 segmenta deltoidea aequalia irregu-
liter dentataque sinibus angustis. Inflorescentia racemus longus laxus
apertusqiie ; pedunculo f oliis multo longiore ; pedicellis gracilibus calyce
circ. triplo longioribus ; floribns candidis vel caeruleis, campanulatis.
I X I cm. ; calyce quam corolla fere dimidio breviore, auriculis late
triangulatis, lobis inaequalibus circ. 7 mm. longis, lanceolatis, apice
obtusis vel rotundatis ; corollae tube late cylindrico, lobis ovatis ad
apicem sparsissime ciliatis tubumque subaequantibus ; filamentis longi-
tudine corollae tiibum aequantibus et eius parti tcrtiae infimae adnatis,
antheris purpureis. Capsula chartacea, globosa, calyce paulo longior,
sparsim setosa, tetrasperma ; seminibus immaturis triangulari-ovatis,
dilute brunneis, distincte granulatis. N. auritae Lindl. affinis sed
omnino valde diversa. Habitu N. racemosae Nutt. adpropinquans.
Shady or moist grassy places, Feby. to April. Beneath low oaks, flowers
white, Pebble Beach Canon, Feby. 7, 020, Millsp. 4687 TYPE (in herb. Field
Museum) ; shady roadside ditch, flowers light blue, Coach Road at the Wish-
bone, Feby. 5, 1920, 46S3; grassy places beneath trees, flowers pale blue, Catholic
Church Canon, March 11, 1920, 4768; moist grassy slope, flowers dark blue.
Hamilton Canon, April i. 1920, 4905. Not seen in other collections from the
Island.
3. N. racemosa Nutt. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 10:315 (1875).
More slender and weak than the two preceding species, leaves
shorter and with fewer divisions and having a naked petiole, the blade
ovate rather than linear in general outline (nearly as in the last spe-
cies) ; flowers only about half the size of the last, corolla little longer
than the calyx. Setae about the same as in the preceding differing but
little if any on the two surfaces' of the blade.
Shady situations, March to May. Near Avalon, Grant 841; Coach Road
near Summit, Smith 5023; Gallagher's Canon, Millsp. 4874; Coach Road, Nuttall
49. 59, 1078; Knopf 13: Dall &■ Baker, Brandegec; Mrs. Trask; McClatchic
(N. Y.) ;
** Leaves all or almost all opposite surpassed by the slender peduncle
of the axillary or terminal single flower; ovules 8-24 maturing 5-15
seeds.
4. N. insignis Dougl. Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 18 : 275 (1S34).
Nemophila Mcnzicsii var. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey 372 (1840).
Nemophila Menziesii insigms Brand Univ. Calif. Bot. 4:210
(1912).
Leaves pinnately parted into 7-9 oblong and sometimes 2-3-lobe(l
small divisions ; corolla bright blue sometimes pure white, up to 2.5 cm.
in diameter, the internal scales short and roundish, partly free, hirsute
with short hairs. vSeeds oval, somewhat corrugated or tuberculate.
Flora OF Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 207
Damp roadside ditch. February to May. Mrs. Trask (U. S., Field) says:
"Thrives in one locality", this must be along the South Hill Road above Avalon,
where it is often pure white, Millsp. 4701, 4838; and Nuttall 102, 594; Knopf
$87; Middle Ranch Canyon, Knopf 365. It has also been transplanted to borders
in the St. Catherine grounds. BABY BLUE-EYES.
2. ELLISIA Linn.
Calyx 5-parted stellately enlarging and more foliaceous under
the fruit, the sinuses destitute of appendages; corolla either broadly
or narrowly campanulate, mostly short in proportion to the calyx, the
internal appendages at base minute or obsolete ; the lobes in the Cali-
fornian species usually one outside and one inside of the bud. Stamens
and style shorter than the corolla; filaments naked, anthers oval or
cordate. Ovary, capsule, etc. nearly as in the preceding. Annuals,
the leaves opposite or the uppermost alternate, once or twice pinnatifid ;
flowers small on solitary peduncles in the forks, or bractless and loosely
racemose at the summit of the branches, corolla white or whitish.
* Leaves mainly twice or thrice pinnatifid; ovules 8, a pair on the
back and front of the placenta; seeds oblong-oval, dissimilar, usually
two remaining concealed after dehiscence — Eucrypta Nutt.
1. E. chrysanthemifolia Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17 1274 (1834).
Eucrypta chrysanthemifolia Greene Bull. Calif. Acad, i, 4:200
(1885).
Erect, simple or branched, 1-3 dm, high, villous and more or less
glandular-viscid above ; internodes short ; leaves opposite, the upper
alternate, pilose, twice or thrice pinnatifid, the ultimate ones always
simply pinnatifid, segments numerous, oblong, lobes ovate acute:
racemes opposite the alternate leaves, elongated in fruit, pedicels
longer than the calyx; flowers white or sometimes with pink stripes
within near the base ; calyx lobes oblong or broadly oval shorter than
the open, campanulate corolla, about equalling the small capsule which
is usually 6-seeded, the mostly 4 ordinary seeds rugose-tuberculate
and enclosed between the placentse, free in dehiscence, and between
the placentae and the valve i smooth and meniscoid.
Common everywhere in shade. February to July. Smith 4998, 5035, 5066;
Millsp. 4682, 4689, 4757, 4904; Nuttall 50, 137, 49S, 593; Brandc(/ee ; Lyon; Mrs.
Hozvland, Mrs. Trask (U. S. 340052) ; Knopf 113.
3. PHACELIA Juss.
Annual or some few perennial herbs with alternate "single or com-
pound leaves and more or less scorpioid cymes or so-called racemes
or spikes. Corolla deciduous or at least thrown off by the ripening
capsule. Blue, purple or white ; the tube with or sometimes without
2o8 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
internal appendages, these when present usually in the form of lo
vertical folds or lamellar projections on the lateral veins, in pairs,
either adnate to or free from and alternate with the base of the slender
filaments. Calyx lobes commonly narrow, often widening upward,
more or less enlarging in fruit. Seed coat pitted or reticulated.
Corolla destitute of appendages :
Seeds 20-50. 1. viscida.
Seeds 60-80. 2. grandiflora.
Corolla with 10 appendages :
Ovules 2.
Sepals hispid. 3- hispida.
Sepals pilose. 4- distan.s.
Ovules more than 2. 5. Lyoni.
^Ovules 20-80, on both sides of the placentae. Appendages of the
corolla none. Seeds small, testa favose-pitted — Gynmobythus A. DC.
1. P. viscida (Benth.) Torrey Mex. Bound. Surv. 2: 143 (1859).
Eutoca viscida Benth. Bot. Reg. 21 :t. 1808 ( 1835) .
Annual 3-6 dm. high, branching, hirsute at the base very
glandular above ; leaves ovate or obscurely cordate, doubly or in-
cisely and irregularly dentate, 2.5-5 cm. long ; calyx lobes linear or
becoming obscurely spatulate, about the length of the abruptly cus-
pidate-pointed capsule the firm placentae of which persist on the
valves; corolla deep blue with a purple or whitish center (sometimes
white), from 1-2 cm. in diameter.
On mountain heights, especially where fire has passed. March to May.
Brand^gee list (as P. viscidula) ; from Trask specimen (U. S. ; photo. Field).
She says : "One locality only." STICKY PHACELIA.
2. P. grandiflora (Benth.) Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 10 : 321 (1875).
Eutoca grandiflora Benth. Trans, Linn, Soc. 17 1278 (1834).
Very like the preceding or disposed to be more hispid; corolla
light blue or sometimes white, 2.5-4 cm. in diameter ; capsule about
6 mm. the cuspidate persistent and indurated base of the style 2 mm.
in length.
In cultivated and burned-over ground. Brandegee.
** Ovules 4, 2 to each side of the placenta ; appendages of the cor-
rolla 10, laminate, in pairs at the base of the stamens ; seeds often
fewer than 4, testa aerolate-reticulate or favose — Euphacelia Gray.
♦This name had previously been utilized by Buckley (Proc. Acad. Sci.
Phila. 1861(2) :463) for a Phacelia that Gray considers, in the same publica-
tion 1862:161, to be Eutoca paiuliflora, Engelm. & Gray (Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist.
5-253 (1845) = Phacelia patuliflora, Gray Am. Acad. 10:321 (1875). I hesitate
adding another and distinctive name : the American Code warrants such renam-
ing though the International does not.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 209
3. P. hispida* Gray Syn. FloraN. A. II,i:i6i (1878).
Phacclia his pi da genu ina Brand Univ. Calif. Bot. 4:214 (1912).
A slender or robust stemmed ascendinor or erect annual ; stems
simple or branched, 15-65 cm. high, densely hispid; leaves very vari-
able often pinnate or pinnatifid the segments often short-petiolate or
sessile, often broadly ovate and irregularly incised or oblong and
serrate, the lower long petioled the upper short petiolate or sessile,
pinnatifid-incised. Circinnate racemes terminal, single or paired,
densely flowered ; pedicels distinct ; sepals linear-lanceolate, acute,
short pilose and densely hispid with long hairs, 6-9 mm. long; corolla
white or blue, oblong-campanulate 8-12.5 "^f^- 'o"g> lobes short and
broad, sHghtly hispid rarely glabrous, appendages semi-lanceolate;
stamens sometimes shorter sometimes longer than the corolla ; ovary
globose, pilose and hispid ; style parted above the middle. Capsule
globose, hispid; seeds brown, foveolate.
Open situations in poor soil. March to July. On bald sea cliff near Pebble
Beach, Pendleton 1364, 1411; Millsp. 4743; Nuttall 70; Descanso Canon, Nuttall
178 and the Coach Road i8g, 590.. Brandegee ; Lyon; Mrs. Howland; Mrs.
Trask (N. Y. ; U. S. 3401Q3) ; Knopf 33, iiT, ^/o; "Pebble Beach Road, Smith
5053.
4. P. distans Eenth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 36 (1844).
Phacelia tanacctifolia of authors, non Benth.
Phacelia distans scabrcllaB.x2in6.V^2inzenv. 4:251 (1913), as to
Mrs. Trask's Catalina specimen in herb. U. S. Natl. Mus.
Robust, branching from the base, somewhat hirsute, 10-60 cm.
high. Leaves pinnatifid, bipinnatifid or nearly pinnate, divisions ses-
sile, pinnatifid or crenate, lobes ovate entire or slightly dentate ;
racemes circinnate, terminal, solitary or in pairs, densely flowered ;
pedicels slight or wanting ; sepals 4-5 mm. long, broadest at the
middle, hirsute and with a fine, short, somewhat glandular tomentum
beneath; corolla blue, campanulate, 5-10 mm. long; appendages free at
the apex ; stamens somewhat longer than the corolla ; ovary globose,
pilose ; style parted below the middle, ciliate below, twice or more
longer than the calyx. Capsule globose, pilose, about half as long as
the calyx ; seeds brow^n, reticulate and tuberculate, one facet carinate.
Ascending among bushes or grasses in deep shade. March to May. Trask
U. S. ; photo. Field), also as P. ciliata; Reed 2817 in part; Pebble Beach, Millsp.
4887, 4888. Brandegee.
*** Ovules on each side of the placentae more than 2, testa areolate-
reticulate or favose-pitted but not transversely rugose ; appendages of
the mostly campanulate corolla in the form of 10, vertical, salient
lamellae ; capsule ovate or oblong. — Eutoca R. Br.
5. P. Lyoni Gray Proc. Am. Acad, 20:303 (1884).
Viscid pubescent and heavy-scented, 6 dm. or more high, robust :
leaves pinnately divided into narrowly oblong and deeply pinnatifid
divisions their short lobes oval and crenate; spikes dense; corolla pale
2IO Field Museum of Natural IIlstokv — Botany, Vol. \\
or ochroleucous, 4-8 mm. long, broadly campanulate, appendages
semi-oval their base united to the filaments; stamens and style not
exserted ; capsule narrowly oblong, many-seeded, nearly equalling the
linear-spatulate hispid and viscid sepals; seeds oval, scrobiculate.
In dry situations. May to Jul)'. An endemic species first collected by Nci^in
& Lyon in June, 1884 (Gray; photo. Field); Trask. On cliffs near Avalon,
Rastzvood 6453, Hall 8283; banks of Pebble Beach Road. Pendleton 1363;- Reed
28 17; Lookout Point, in fruit. Nuttall 838; Knopf 163, 211, Nuttall 69; Rattle-
snake Canon, Nutiall 263 and along the Coach Road 591 ; Blake 967 ; Brandegec.
4. EMMENANTHE Benth.
Low annuals with much the habit and general character of some
sections of Phacelia but the yellow or cream-colored campanulate cor-
olla persistent. Our species large, with loose, paniculate racemes;
corolla lobes short, rounded, destitute of appendages. Seeds coarsely
pitted ; calyx lobes broadening downward ; style deciduous.
1. E.penduliflora Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17 : 281 (1834).
Villous pubescent or somewhat viscid, 2 or more dm. high ; leaves
pinnatifid the lobes numerous, short, somewhat toothed or incised ;
pedicels filiform as long as the at length nodding flowers, sometimes
branched at the base ; stamens almost free from the broadly campan-
ulate withering corolla; ovules about 16.
In drj' hillside fields, general. May to July. On the ridge between Rock
Spring and Rock Falls canons, Nuttall 2^4, 662; Smith 5070; Mrs. Hovuland.
Mrs. Trask (U. S., Field). WHISPERING BELLS.
5. ERIODICTYON Benth.
I->ow shrubs with alternate pinnately veined and finely reticulated
leaves of firm or coriaceous texture their margins mostly beset with
rigid teeth, tapering at the base into more or less of a petiole ; inflor-
escence a scorpioid cyme forming a terminal, usually naked thyrsus.
Sepals narrow, not enlarging toward the apex, corolla violet or purple
sometimes white. Filaments adnate variably and sometimes exten-
sively to the tube of the corolla, usually sparsely hirsute. Ovar>-
nearly or completely 2-celled by the meeting of the dilated placentae in
the axils. Capsule small, ovate-globose, pointed.
1. E. Traskiae Eastw. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. i , 3 :i3i, t. X, f. 2
(1898).
Eriodictyon tomentosum of the Brandegee and Lyon lists.
Eriodictyon crassifalium Benthamianum Traskine Brand Pflan-
zenr. 59:140 (1913)-
Shrub 1-2 m, tall with reddish-brown branches and densely white-
I'loraof Saxta Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttai.l 21 t
tomentose leaves. Leaves rigid, ovate-lanceolate to narrowly lanceo-
late broadest at the upper third, narrowing to their insertion, blunt
pointed the margin crenate or rather deeply open serrate,
8-i8x 1-1.75 cm. ; inflorescence openly thyrsoid the lower peduncles
leaf-bracted at the base the upper linear-bracted ; flowers in dense
scorpioid clusters, pedicelled ; calyx densely hirsute, deeply lobed, the
lobes narrowly linear, equal, 5mm. long; corolla 7mm., cylindrical,
inflated at the middle, 5-angled, slightly pilose on the angles ; lobes
orbicular-ovate; filaments adnate throughout their length i-eaching to
the middle of the tube. Ovary globose, glabrous ; syles 2, free to the
base, stigma capitate.
Drv volcanic uplands. Ejidemic. June. Base of Black Jack Mountain,
alt. 1406 ft, Trask (N. Y. : Field) ; McClctchie (N. Y. ; Field) ; Lyon 69 (Gray;
Field); Trask (U. S. : Field); Nuitall 638; Knopf 95 (This is doubtless the
tj-pe locality of Mrs. Trask who says: "Just at the foot of one of our highest
peaks where it covers a large area; I have seen it in no other locality") ; South
End Mountains and near Wliite's Landing, Smith 5098, 5169.
Family 5. POLEMONIACE^.
PHLOX FAMILY
Herbs or rarely shrubs with bland colorless juice, simple or
divided leaves and no stipules, perfect and regular 5-merous flowers
except that the free ovary is trimerous (3-celled with the placentae in
the axis) ; the persistent calyx imbricated and the corolla dextrorsely
convolute (and not plictae) in the bud; the fruit a 3-celled loculicidal
capsule usually with a thick placental axis ; the few or many seeds
small, amphitropous or nearly anatropous with a thin or soft coat
commonly developing mucilage when wetted ; the embr}'o straight and
rather large in the axis of a fleshy or harder albumen, the cotyledons
flat or flattish and rather broad. Stamens on the corolla alternate with
its lobes distinct; style i, 3-lobed or cleft, the introrse stigmas or
lobes of the style stigmatic down the inner face, slender. Hypogynous
disk generally manifest. The corolla is not always perfectly regular
and the 5-stamens are very commonly unequal in length or insertion.
Calyx teoth equal. i. Gilia.
Calyx teeth unequal. 2. Navahretia.
I. GILIA Ruiz. & Pav.
Corolla funnel form, salver form or sometimes short-campanulate
or rotate, regular; stamens equally inserted in the tube or throat of
the corolla, the mostly slender filaments sometimes unequal in length,
not declined. Ovules or seeds several or few, or rarely solitary in
each cell ; seed coat with few exceptions mucilaginous, in many with
212 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
uncoiling spiral threads, when wetted. Herbs or suffrutescent plants
with either opposite or alternate and simple or compound leaves. Many
species with showy flowers.
Inflorescence generally capitate.
Cells of the ovary i (rarely 2) ovuled :
Stamens never exceeding the corolla limb. 1. Traskiae.
Stamens exceeding the corolla limb. 2. glutinosa.
Cells of the ovary several ovuled:
Capsule oblong. 3. Nevinii.
Capsule ovoid. 4. multicaulis.
Inflorescence monoflorous (not capitulate) :
Cells of the ovary many-ovuled :
Corolla lobes erose-dentate. 5. dianthoidcs.
Corolla lobe margin entire. 6. bicolor.
1. G. Traskiae Eastw. MilHken Rev. Calif. Polemon. 26 (1904).
Stem glandular 20-30 cm. high, branching from the base ; leaves
deeply pinnatifid to the rachis, segments oblong, entire or dentate.
Corolla hypocrateriform or tubiform white twice as long as the calyx,
lobes as long as the tube. Seeds not mucilaginous when wetted.
Grassy slopes. April and May. Endemic. Mrs. Trask 5 (1895).
2. G. glutinosa (Benth.) Gray Syn. Flora N. A. H, i suppl. : 408
(1886).
Collomia glutinosa Benth. Bot. Reg. 19 :t. 1622 (1833).
Gilia gilioides Milliken Rev. Calif. Polemon. 26 in part (1904).
Stem erect divaricately branching silvery long-hispid, glandular
above 25-30 cm. high. Lower leaves lyrate-pinnatifid or pinnate the
largest 4x1.75 cm.; the segments pinnatisect; the upper sessile,
tripartite to the base. Corolla light-blue, hypocrateriform, 6-7 mm.
broad the tube longer than the ovate, pointed lobes ; Calyx shorter
than the corolla tube, lobes linear-lanceolate, acute ; stamens of var-
ious lengths some exceeding the corolla to which they are affixed
slightly below the middle of the tube and continued to the base by 5
hairy lines; ovary oblong-ovate, 1-2-ovuled in each cell; stigma slender,
much shorter than the stamens ; styles short, hairy, recurved ; seeds
black, wrinkle-pitted.
Dry upland hillsides. June to July. Vicinity of Avalon, Brandegee, Trask,
Carlson, Eastwood 6456; Head of Canon opposite Chicken Johnny's, Nuttall 339,
60S, and roadside beyond the Saw Mill 244.
3. G. Nevinii Gray Syn. Flor. N. A. n, I suppl.: 411 (1886).
Stem simple or branched, glandular pubescent, densely foliate, 8-
50 cm. high ; leaves 2-3-pinnatifid, the lower long-petioled ; flowers
in few-flowered cymose heads, densely glandular-viscid ; corolla
12 mm. long, short-tubed, about twice the length of the calyx, deep
blue or purple, not maculate in the throat, lobes about twice the length
of the tube; filaments short, inserted in the throat just below the
corolla sinuses. Capsule oblong.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugii & Nuttall 213
Open grassy hillsides. March to May. Nevin & Lyon (Gray, type; photo.
Field) ; Trask ; Gallagher's Canon, Millsp. 4862; Road up East Hill, Avalon,
Nuttall 103.. Trask, (U. S. ; Field); Brandegee list; Pacific Slope of the Salta
Verde. Knopf 343; Banning's Canyon, Knopf SS. TURQUOISE FLOWER.
4. G. multicaulis Benth. Bot. Reg. 19 : t. 1622 (1833).
Gilia multicaulis alba Aliliiken Rev. Calif. Polemon. 35 (1904).
Stem erect 15-300111. tall; leaves 2-3-pinnatifid, piiberulent, seg-
ments linear; flowers in open, 3-many flowered terminal cymes, at
first subsessile becoming short-pedicelled ; calyx and pedicel glandular,
campanulate, the lobes narrow, apiculate, hyaline-margined, about the
length of the tube; corolla blue, sometimes white, infundibuliform,
twice or more the length of the calyx, throat broad, lobes about twice
the length of the tube. Filaments short, attached to the throat of the
corolla much shorter than the limb ; style somewhat longer than the
corolla, stigmas short, revolute ; ovules many in each cell. Capsule
ovoid ; seeds brown.
Open grassy places. March to June. Cherry Canon, Smith 5086; Fisher-
man's Cove, Trask, Millsp. 4922; Chicken Johnny's, Nuttall 142. Lyon, Brand-
egee.
5. G. dianthoides Endl. Atakt. Bot. t. 29 (1833) .
Linanthus dianthiflorus Greene Pitt. 2 :254 ( 1892) .
Fenzelia dianthiflora Benth. Bot. Reg. ig :t. 1622 ( 1833).
Fenzelia spcciosa & concinna Nutt. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. -Phil.
I, 1:157 (1847).
Stem erect, simple or branched, puberulent, 3-12 cm. or more;
leaves filiform, glabrous or slightly canescent; flowers fragrant,
terminal, solitary or 2-6, short pedicelled ; calyx tubular-campanulate
the teeth much longer than the tube ; corolla light-lilac or rose-purple
sometimes white, petals suborbicular, yellow at the throat purple at
the base, about twice as long as the calyx, erose-dentate at the apex,
tube short ; stamens affixed just above the base of the corolla, in-
cluded ; styles as long as the calyx and its lobes ; stigmas filiform one-
quarter the length of the style ; capsule as long as the calyx-tube, many
seeded, seeds orbicular, smooth.
On arid heights (Trask) and grassy slopes. March to April. Hillside near
Fisherman's Cove, March 14, 1920, Millsp. 47SS (here the plants were all simple
stemmed and almost all the flowers pure white : a few pale-lilac ones were
seen) ; Brandegee; Gambel; Salta Verde, Knopf 364.
6. G. bicolor (Nutt.) Brand Pflanzenr. 4, 250: 139 (1907).
Leptosiphon bicolor Nutt. Trans. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. II, 1:156
(1848).
Stem slender, often simple, finely puberulent; Leaves whorled,
3-5-partite, segments linear-lanceolate or linear. Inflorescence soli-
tary or at times 2-3-flowered ; calyx eglandular, the segments narrow,
3-veined, about 7mm. long, ciliate, much longer than the tube; cor-
olla smooth, violet or white with a bright yellow "eye," the tube lonj^
214 Field Museum of Natural Hlstory — Botany, Vol. V.
and slender nearly three times the lenj^th of the calyx, lobes ovate,
small, about tive times shorter than the tube ; filaments about three
times the length of the anther; ovary lenticular; style much shorter
than the corolla tube.
Grassy hillsides. March to May. Fisherman's cove, Trash; March 14,
iy20, Millsp. 47S4 (Probably Mrs. Trash's station as it was found by me near
her "Isthmus Home" now in ruins) ; Moonstone Beach, Kyiopf S79-
2. NAVARRETIA Ruiz. & Pav.
Aimual viscid herbs with alternate, entire or pinnatifid leaves the
divisions of which are spinose. Inflorescence in more or less densely
flowered involucrate heads with very various bracts. Calyx obconic
or tubulo-campanulate, 5- rarely 4-fid, lobes, unequal, or all entire or
partly i-many toothed; corolla small tubiform or infundibuliform about
twice as long as the calyx, lobes slender much shorter than the tube ;
stamens 5 rarely 4, equally or unequally afifixed sometimes included
sometimes exserted ; style equalling or shorter than the corolla ;
stigmas 2 or 3 ; ovary 2 or 3 celled; cells i-many seeded. Capsule
variable both in the character of its pericarp and method of de-
hiscence; seeds i-many, sometimes mucilaginous sometimes unafl'ected
by wetting.
Flower-heads not woolly.
Terminal leaf lobe equal to lateral :
Calyx dilated at the middle. i. foliacea.
Calyx not dilated at the middle :
Leaf-rachis 3-5 mm. broad. 2. atractyloides.
Leaf-rachis about i mm. broad. 3. hamata.
Terminal leaf lobe longer than lateral. 4. viscidula.
IHower-heads woolly. 5- filifolia.
}. N. foliacea Greene Pitt, i : 138 (1887).
Diftusely branching from the base, densely leafy, about 15 cm.
high, the stem densely viscid glandular. Leaves elliptical or oblong
the segments herbaceous below, spinose at the apex. Inflorescence in
dense, bracted, terminal beads, the outer bracts similar to the leaves ;
calyx ventrically dilated, lobes plainly unequal 2 large, ovate-acum-
inate and more or less recurved, 3 small and tooth-like ; corolla white,
8 mm. long exceeding the calyx, tube narrow, dilated above, the lobe>
oblong much shorter than tlie tube ; stamens unequally afiixed to the
throat, the upper somewhat exserted ; style shorter than the tube ;
cells of the ovary '4-5-ovuled.
Dry, open situations. June. In the outer enclosure at Chicken Johnny's,
Nuttall 349, 830; Pendleton 1392.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugii & Nuttall 215
2. N. atractyloides (Benth.) Hook & Arn. Dot. Beechey 368 (1840).
Aegochloa atractyloides Benth. Bot. Reg. 19 :t. 1622 (1833).
Gilia atractyloides Sleiid. Nom. ed. 2, 1 1683 ( 1840).
Very rigid especially the leaves and bracts, pubescent and very
viscid ; bracts lanceolate or the uppermost even ovate all pinnatifid
and with divaricate subulate spinescent lobes the rachis 3-5 mm. broad.
Flowers less glomerate than those of viscidula. Capsule oblong;
seeds 6 in each cell, brown, very mucilaginous when wetted.
Open, dry situations. June to July. Reported in both the Brandegce and
Lyon lists. The Brandegee specimen in herb. Field Museum and the Lyon and
Nevin in herb. Gray prove to be N. hamata Greene. We have not collected the
species, though it is doubtlessly properly credited to the Island.
' 3. N. hamata Greene Pitt. 1 : 139 ( 1887) .
Stem slender, glandular, simple or much branched from the base,
4-16 cm. high. Lower leaves doubly, upper singly, spinose, rachis i mm.
broad, divisions very rigid, always reflexed. Heads small, terminal;
bracts broadly leafy; calyx lobes subulate spined; corolla purple, tube
narrow, long exserted, dilated at the throat, lobes much shorter than
the tube. Stamens attached to the throat of the corolla and shorter
than the lobes ; style as long as the tube. Capsule subglobo.se, about
9-seeded ; seeds brown, finely reticulate-pitted, not changed in water.
Dry slopes and Canon washes. May to June. Pebble Beach Caiion, Nuttall
186, Equestrian Trail 265, 321, Middle Ranch Creek bed, 663 hillside at head of
Grand Canon 708. Brandegee (Gilia atractyloides in herb Field Museum), Mrs.
Howland; Lyon & Nevin; Trask.
4. N. viscidula Benth. PI. Hartweg 324 (1848).
Gilia viscidula Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 8:271 (1870).
Stem divaricate branched, glandular-viscid or the lowest portion
glabrous, 5-25 cm. high ; lobes of the intermediate leaves triangular
acuminate at the base, always 1-2-denticulatc. Corolla more than
twice the length of the calyx, tubular or infundibuliform ; stamens
slightly exserted; style as long as the corolla. Capsule half as long
as the calyx, 2-4-seeded ; seeds slightly mucilaginous when wetted.
Dry slopes. June and July. Brandegee: Trask; Macbride & Payson 836.
Mot seen by us.
5. N. filifolia (Nutt.) Brand Pflanzenr. 4, 250 : 167 (1907).
Gilia filifolia Nutt. Jour. Acad. Sci. Phila. n. s. 1 : 156 ( 1848).
Navarretia filifolia eu- filifolia Brand ihid.
Stem erect, simple or virgate branching from the base, smooth or
the younger parts white-tomentose, 5-20 cm. high. Leaves filiform,
entire or 3-parted at the base. Heads densely white-woolly, bracts
2-5-parted, more or less recurved, the base hyaline ; calyx densely
woolly, lobes unequal, subulate, shorter than the tube ; corolla blue,
hypocrateriform, somewhat longer than the calyx, lobes much shorter
2i6 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
than the tube ; stamens attached below the throat, shghtly exserted ;
ovary cyHndrical-ovate, very minutely ciliate, cells 4-ovulate, style as
long as the corolla tube. Seeds densely spirilliferous in water.
Dry hillsides. April to May. Trask; on the hill beyond the Avalon School
House, April 29, 1920, Nuftall 32, 1210.
Family 6. SOLANACE^.
POTATO FAMILY
Herbs, shrubs, vines, or some tropical species trees, with alternate
or rarely opposite estipulate leaves, and perfect regular, or nearly
regular, cymose flowers. Calyx inferior, mostly 5-lobed. Corolla
gamopetalous, mostly 5-lobed, the lobes induplicate-valvate or plicate
in the bud. Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla and alternate
with them, inserted on the tube, all perfect in the following genera;
anthers various, 2-celled, apically or longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary
superior, 2-celled (rarely 3-5-celled) ; ovules numerous on the axile
placentae, anatropous or amphitropous ; style slender, simple ; stigma
terminal ; fruit a berry or capsule. Seeds numerous ; endosperm
fleshy ; cotyledons semiterete.
Fruit a berry :
Corolla plicate. i. Solanum.
Corolla not plicate. . 2. Lycium.
Fruit a capsule :
Calyx tubular. . 3- Datura.
Calyx ovoid or campanulatc. 4. Nicotiana.
I. SOLANUM Linn.
Herbs or shrubs, often stellate-pubescent, sometimes climbing.
Flowers cymose, umbelliform paniculate, or racemose. Calyx cam-
panulatc or rotate, mostly 5-toothed or 5-cleft. Corolla rotate, the
limb plaited, 5-angled or 5-lobed, the tube very short. Stamens inserted
on the throat of the corolla; filaments short; anthers linear or oblong,
acute or acuminate, connate or connivent into a cone, each sac dehi-
scent by a terminal pore, or sometimes by a short introrse terminal slit,
or sometimes also longitudinally. Ovary usually 2-celled ; stigma
small. Berry mostly globose, the calyx either persistent at its base or
enclosing it.
Puberulent with scattered hairs, fruit small. i. Douglasii.
Densely pubescent with glandular hairs, fruit large. 2. Wallacei.
I. S. Douglasii Dun.il. DC. Prodr. 13, 1 148 (1852).
Usually somewhat woody, 1-2 m. high; stems angular, the angles
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 217
somewhat denticulate-scabrous, otherwise more or less puberulent;
leaves variously angular-dentate, or some nearly entire ; umbels nearly
opposite the leaves, several-flowered ; flowers white or pale purplish,
8-14 mm. broad, pubescent without, deeply 5-parted, the lobes lanceo-
late; anthers yellow, 4-5 mm. long; filaments about i mm. long, stout,
hairy, nearly equaling the slender style ; fruit black.
Common everj-where on canyon slopes and bottoms. Flowers the year
around. Lyon; Brandegee ; Trask (as 5. nigrum var.) ; Smith 5005; Millsp.
4476, 4514, 4(>o6, 4707, 47101 Nuttall 33, 139, 203, 494, 703; Knopf 65, 180, 188. 198,
220, 236, 239, 278. NIGHTSHADE.
We have collected this species largely, in order to omit no possible form
of significance. The plants differ considerably in leaf form and dentation and in
color of flowers, the differences being racial and mostly due to soil and exposure.
Plants growing in water, deep in canyons, have entire leaves and larger flowers.
2. S. Wallacei (Gray) Parish, Proc. Calif. Acad. 3. 2 : 166
(1901)
Solatium Xanti Wallacei Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11 190 (1876).
Suffrutescent, often forming large rounded masses and growing
up to 2 m. high ; stems about a meter long, densely tawny-villous with
long, multilocular, viscidly glanduliferous hairs which are unbranched,
or usually a few once-branched ; leaves thickish, sometimes pustulose,
usually less densely villous than the stems, crenate margined, the lower
ample, cordate, the upper ovate, rounded, or subcordate at base ; calyx
narrowly funnel-form, deeply cleft, or wider and less deeply divided;
corolla 2-4 cm. wide ; style glabrate, or villous below ; ripe fruit dark
purple.
In canyon bottoms where it grows up among shrubs to a height of 7 feet
or more or forms large masses with a wealth of bright blue flowers often fully
2 inches across and leaves up to 3.5 x 6 inches. It blooms throughout the year.
Wallace (Type); Lyon 76; Trask; Brandegee ; Hasse; McClatchie; Grant 1220;
Grant & Wheeler 6141; Smith 5045; Pendleton 1366; Reed 2819; Pebble Beach,
Millsp. 4522, Nuttall 76, Knopf 112, Macbride & Payson 846; Hamilton Canon,
Nuttall 704, II 34; Middle Ranch Canyon Knopf 237 and Echo Lake 77. GIANT
SOLANUM, WILD TOMATO.
Lyon remarked that the large purple-black fruit is edible, but Mrs. Trask
says : "Vincente, an old-time island fisherman, can eat two or three fruits with-
out ill effect though his two little boys became quite ill in consequence of eating
them." Mr. Knopf writes that "Mexican Joe took a visitor to White's Landing
in his boat. When they landed the man found some of the ripe fruit and, mis-
taking it for 'Ground Cherry,' which he was of the habit of eating elsewhere,
ate a number despite Joe's warning. In a few minutes he was taken with vio-
lent cramps. They started for Avalon, and on the way the man went into
convulsions. The run to Avalon took 40 minutes, and by the time they had
arrived violent purging placed him out of danger. Its effect was similar to an
overdose of epsom salts or croton oil. only that the solanum caused the cramps
and convulsions."
2. LYCIUM Linn.
Shrubs, or woody vines, often spiny, with small alternate entire
leaves, commonly with smaller ones fascicled in their axils, and white
greenish or purple, solitary or clustered flowers. Calyx campanulate,
2i8 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
3-5-lobed or -toothed, not enlarged in fruit, persi.stent. Corolla-tube
short or slender, the limb 5-lobed (rarely 4-lobed), the lobes obtuse.
Stamens 5 (rarely 4) ; filaments filiform, sometimes dilated at the
base ; anther-sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary 2-celled ; style
filiform ; stigma capitate or 2-lobed. Berry globose, ovoid, or oblong.
1. L. calif ornicumNutt. Gray Bot. Calif. 1 : 542 (1876).
Glabrous, very much branched, 6.8-12.2 dm. high: branchlets
spinescent: leaves thick and fleshy, very small, in the fascicles 2.1-4.2
mm. long, from oval or obovate to oblong or spatulate, or on vigorous
shoots 6.3 mm. long and almost linear : flowers nearly sessile or on
pedicels of 2.1-4.2 nmi. in length: tube of the white corolla included in
the campanulate 4-toothed calyx, its 4 oval rotately spreading lolx:s
hardly 2-1 mm. long.
Dry banks near the sea. January to May. Lyon; Brandegee ; Isthmus Cove,
Tra^k, Millsp. 4778, Nuttall 258; Catalina Harbor along the "break-off" of the
shore, Reed 2857, Pendleton i.f2i, Millsp. 4612; Pacific slope of the Salta Verde,
Knopf 332. BOX THORN.
[L. Richii Gray. There was once a large growth of this Mexican
species in Avalon "one hundred feet in circumference and twenty-five
high," on specimens from which Dr. Greene based his species Lycinm
Hassei. From this growth Lyon, Trask, Hassc, Brandegee, Mrs.
Wheeler, Tourney, McClalchie and others made and distributed speci-
mens. In 1908 this famous growth had been destroyed to make way
for buildings, matrimony vine.]
3. DATURA Linn.
Tall narcotic herbs, some tropical species shrubs or trees, with
alternate petioled leaves, and large solitary erect, short-peduncled,
white purple or violet flowers. Calyx elongated-tubular or prismatic,
its apex 5-cleft or spathe-like, in the following species circumscissilc
near the base which is persistent and subtends the prickly capsule.
Corolla funnel form, the limb plaited, 5-lobed, the lobes broad, acum-
inate. Stamens included or Httle exserted ; filaments fib form, very
long, inserted at or below the middle of the corolla-tube. Ovary
2-ceIled, or falsely 4-celled ; style filiform; stigma slightly 2-lobed.
Capsule 4-\alved from the top, or bursting irregularly.
T. D. meteloides DC. Dunal DC. Prodr. 13, 1 : 544 (1852).
Perennial, pale, being coated with a very minute and soft whitish
pubescence, from 3.3-12.2 dm. high: leaves mostly only repand or
entire: calyx 3 and corolla 17-20 cm. long; the latter white or suf-
fused with violet, the widely expanded border with 5 (not 10) slender-
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 219
subulate conspicuous teeth : capsule 5 cm. in diameter, thickly beset
with short and weak equal prickles : seeds bordered by a narrow and
uniform cord-like margin.
On lowland flats at the mouths of the larger canyons. June. Avalon Val-
ley, Brandegce, Carlson; Rock Spring Canyon, Nuttall 347. BELL FLOWER.
4. NICOTIANA Linn.
Viscid-pubescent narcotic herbs or shrubs, with large alternate
entire or slightly undulate leaves, and white, yellow, greenish or
purplish flowers, in terminal racemes or panicles. Calyx tubular-
campanulate or ovoid, 5-cleft. Corolla-tube usually longer than the
limb, 5-lobed; the lobes spreading. Stamens 5, inserted on the tube
of the corolla; filaments filiform; anther-sacs longitudinally dehiscent.
Ovary 2-celled (rarely 4-celled) ; style slender; stigma capitate.
Capsule 2-valved, or sometimes 4-valved at the summit. Seeds
nnmerous, small.
Herb, viscid pubescent. r. Bigelovii.
Tree, glaucous. 2. glauca.
1. N. Bigelovii Wats. Bot. Calif, i : 546 (1876).
Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate (10-15 cm. ^^ng, or the upper-
most smaller), only the lower ones petioled; some of the upper often
with broader and partly clasping base : flowers scattered : teeth of
the calyx linear-lanceolate and surpassing the ovate 4-valved capsule :
corolla nearly salverform, with tube 3.8 cm. long, and a 5-cleft border
of 2.6 cm. or more in diameter, its lobes triangular and acute.
In loam and silt, infrequent. May to June. Brandegee (as N. Clevelandi) ;
Pebble Beach Road, Smith 5064; Pebble Beach Canyon, Knopf 109. WILD
TOBACCO.
2. N. glauca Grab. Edin. N. Phil. Jour. Apr.-June 175 (1828).
Soft-woody evergreen shrub 1.8-4.5 m. high, very slender and
loosely branching, with glabrous and glaucous herbage ; leaves ovate,
entire, 20cm. long, on petioles 10 cm. long; uppermost leaves
reduced, ovate to oblong ; flowers in terminal panicles ; calyx un-
equally 5-toothed, 3.8cm. long; corolla 3.8cm. long, its tube dilated
above summit of the calyx, the stamens inserted at this point ; throat
of corolla constricted just below the short shallowly 5 (occasionally 4)
-lobed limb; anthers and stigma in throat of corolla; ovary seated on
a yellowish disk; capsule oblong, 12.7mm. long.
In canyons and fringing the high ridges. Blooming throughout the year.
Fisherman's Cove, Trask; Avalon vicinity, common, Macbridc & Payson 843,
Pendleton 1390, Millsp. 4474, Nuttall 25; Summit Smith 5016; Pebble Beach
and Hamilton Canyons, Knopf 66, 209, 271. MEXICAN TOBACCO, TREE
TOBACCO, INDIAN TOBACCO.
220 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Mrs. Trask found in the summer of 1896 at Fisherman's Cove, a single
specimen of this very troublesome weed, which now fills the level mouths of
most all of the larger canyons in jungle-like masses; and fringes the higher
ridges throughout the island. We learned that previous to a great conflagra-
tion on the mainland across the channel (in about 1902), that this tobacco was
hardly known on the island. The fishermen say that a dense cloud of smoke
came over the island and that two or three years afterward the plant was abund-
ant on the highest ridges and in all the channelward canyons.
Family 7. SCROPHULARIACE^.*
FIGWORT FAMILY
Herbs, shrubs or trees, with estipulate leaves, and perfect, mostly
complete and irregular flowers (corolla wanting in one species of
Synthyris). Calyx inferior, persistent, 4-5-toothed, -cleft, or -divided,
or sometimes split on the lower side, or on both sides, the lobes or seg-
ments valvate, imbricate or distinct in the bud. Corolla gamopetalous,
the limb 2-lipped, or nearly regular. Stamens 2, 4 or 5, didynamous,
or nearly equal, inserted on the corolla and alternate with its lobes ;
anthers 2-celled ; the sacs equal, or unequal, or sometimes confluent
into one. Disk present or obsolete. Pistil i, entire or 2-lobed; ovary
superior, 2-celled, or rarely i-celled; ovules anatropous or amphitro-
pous, on axile placentae ; style slender, simple ; stigma entire, 2-lobed
or 2-lamellate. Fruit mostly capsular and septicidally or loculicidally
dehiscent. Seeds mostly numerous ; endosperm fleshy ; embryo small,
straight or slightly curved; cotyledons little broader than the radicle.
Leaves opposite, upper sometimes alternate :
Corolla spurred or saccate at base :
Corolla tube spurred. i. Linaria.
Corolla tube saccate:
Palate not closing the throat. 2. Gambfxia.
Palate closing the throat. 3. Antirrhinum.
Corolla without spur or sac :
Fifth stamen only a filament or scale :
Fifth stamen a scale. 4. Scrophularia.
Fifth stamen a filament. 5. Pentstemon.
Fifth stamen wanting entirely:
Capsule opening down one side. 6. Diplacus.
Capsule opening at apex. 7. Mimulus.
Leaves alternate :
Sepals united into a cleft calyx :
Calyx 2-cleft. 8. Castilleja.
Calyx 4-cleft. 9. Orthocarpus.
I. LINARIA Hill.
Herbs, some exotic species shrubby, with alternate leaves, or the
lower and those of sterile shoots opposite or verticillate, the flowers in
*By F. W. Pennell.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 221
terminal bracted racemes or spikes or axillary. Calyx 5-parted, the
segments imbricated. Corolla irregular, spurred at the base, 2-lipped,
the upper lip erect, 2-lobed, covering the lower in the bud, the lower
spreading, 3-lobed, its base produced into a palate often nearly closing
the throat. Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending, included; filaments
and style filiform. Capsule opening by i or more mostly 3-toothed
pores or slits below the summit. Seeds numerous, angled or rugose.
I. L. canadensis texana (Scheele) Pennell. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila. 73^:502 (1922).
Linaria texana Scheele, Linnsea 21 176 1 (1848).
Biennial or annual, glabrous ; flowering stems erect or ascending,
very slender, 1-8 dm. high; sterile shoots procumbent, leafy. Leaves
linear or linear-oblong, 8-30 mm. long, entire, sessile, those of the
sterile shoots, or some of them, usually opposite ; flowers 6-8 mm.
long, in slender racemes; pedicel appressed in fruit; calyx-segments
lanceolate, acute, or acuminate, about as long as the capsule; spur of
the corolla as long as the tube or longer; palate a white convex
2-ridged projection ; seeds wingless.
Dift'ers from the species, as here described, primarily by rough-
ness of seeds which however varies from a few roughenings on the
side to densely tuberculate.
Fields and open places. March to June. Avalon, Trask ; Brandegec ; Eques-
trian Trail, Nuttall 155, 492, 699; Salta Verde. Knopf 342. BLUE TOADFLAX.
[Linaria sps. Three long, tenuous spurred linarias, a purple-, a yellow-
and a white-flowered species have established themselves on the west slope of
Descanso Canyon (Millsp. 46Q8, 4699, 4834; Davidson) escaping from cultivation
in the grounds of the St. Catharine Hotel.]
2. GAMBELIA Nutt.
A spreading bush, with verticillate, entire, coriaceous leaves, and
axillary and terminal conspicuous scarlet flowers. Allied to Galvezia,
but with a prominent palate and a saccate spur at the base of the
corolla. Calyx 5-parted, nearly equal. Corolla hypogynous, the tube
cylindrical, saccate at the base, orifice narrowly pervious, the border
bilabiate, the palate rather prominent, smooth, upper lip erect; the
lower spreading, all the segments nearly equal and oblong. Stamens
four, arising from the base of the corolla tube, included, didynamous :
no sterile filament: anthers bilocular, oblong. Ovary bilocular, with
many ovules, seated upon a glandular torus. Style simple, clavate,
entire. Capsule subglobose, 2-celled, opening below the summit by
two or three irregular apertures. Seed (not seen).
222 Fii-xD Museum of Natural History — Botany. Vol. V.
I. G. speciosa Nutt. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. ns. i : 149 (1848).
Antirrhimwi speciosum Gray Am, Jour, Sci. T-Z7^ (1867).
Characters of the genus as above. Seeds pyriform, apiculate,
dark-brown, 2.5 x 1.5 mm., sharply and interruptedly anastomose-
ridged.
Wooded hillsides and cliffs. March to June. Gambel type (labelled "Cata-
lina, T. Nuttall", in Herb. Phila. Acad.) ;Lyon; Brandegce; Avalon, Trask (in
Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.) ; wooded hillside east of Isthmus Cove, Millsp. 4832;
Hall 8289; Reed 2S27; Moonstone Beach, Knopf 392.
3. ANTIRRHINUM Linn.
Herbs, with alternate leaves, or the lower and those of sterile
shoots opposite, and red purple yellow or white flowers, in terminal
racemes, or solitary in the upper axils. Calyx 5-parted, the segments
imbricated. Corolla irregular, gibbous, or saccate, but not spurred.
2-lipped, the upper lip erect, 2~lobed, the lower spreading, 3-lobed,
its base produced into a palate nearly or quite closing the throat.
Stamens 4, didynamous, included. Style filiform. Capsule opening
by chinks or pores below the summit. Seeds numerous, not winged.
Herbage glabrous. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Pedi-
cels 40-60 mm. long, flexuous. Corolla 15 mm.
long. Sepals uniform and capsule symmetrical, i. Hookerianum.
Herbage pubescent. Leaves ovate to orbicular-
ovate. Pedicels less than 20 mm. long. Pos-
terior sepals longer, and capsule oblique. 2. Nuttallianum.
\ . A, Hookerianum Millsp, comb. nov.
Maurandya stricta Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 375 (1838).
Antirrhinum strict mn A, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7:375 (1868)
non Sibth. & Sm. (1825),
Erect, nearly simple, 3-6 dm. high, somewhat pubescent below :
lower leaves lanceolate, the upper linear, and the upper floral ones
filiform; the latter much shorter than the tortuous racemose pedun-
cles: corolla violet-purple, 12.7mm. long, gibbous at base; the palate
hairy; capsule crustaceous, tipped with a straight style of equal
length.
Open bare or grassy places. April to June. Vicinity of Avalon, Trask;
Equestrian Trail, Nuttall 247; mouth of Pebble Beach Canyon, Knopf 132, and
Moonstone Beach 382.
2, A. Nuttallianum Bth. DC. Prodr. 10 : 592 (1846),
Viscidly soft-pubescent, or below glabrous, at length 3.3-6.8 dm.
high and diffusely much branched ; the tortile branchlets few or more
leaf-bearing than in the preceding: leaves ovate or the lowest slightly
cordate (2.6cm. long), those of the branchlets gradually much dimin-
ished and nearly sessile : some of the lower peduncles longer than the
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 223
flowers, often tortile: sepals ovate or oblong, shorter than (or the
broader upper one ahnost e([uaHng) the tube of the corolla; this
4.2-6.3 mm. long, merely gibbous at base : capsule oblong : seeds
sharply and strongly ribbed.
Shaded slopes. March to July. Lyon; sea cliffs cast of Avalon, Trask,
Pendleton 1401, Reed 2838, Brandegee Schumacker (as A. subscssile), Nuttall
6g7; Cherrv Canyon, Smith 5084; near the summit of the Equestrian Trail,
Nuttall 240, 491. SNAPDRAGON.
4. SCROPHULARIA Linn.
Perennial strong- smelling herbs, some exotic species shrubby, with
mostly opposite leaves, and small purple greenish or yellow proterogy-
nous flowers, in terminal panicled cymes or thyrses. Calyx 5-partQd
or 5-cleft, the segments or lobes mostly obtuse. Corolla irregular, the
tube globose to oblong, not gibbous nor spurred, the limb 5-lobed, the
2 upper lobes longer, erect, the lateral ones ascending, the lower
spreading or reflexed. Stamens 5, 4 of them anther-bearing and
didynamous, declined ; their anther-sacs confluent into one, the fifth
sterile, reduced to a scale on the roof of the corolla-tube. Style fili-
form ; stigma capitate or truncate. Capsule ovoid, septicidvally dehi-
scent. Seeds rugose, not winged.
I . S. villosa Pennell sp. nov.
Caulis 12-18 (-36) dm. altus, simplex vel superne ramosus. Folio-
mm laminae usque ad 10-15 cm. longse, acuminatae, dentibus acutis
triangularibus dupliciter serratse, truncat?e ad subcordatse et 8-12 cm.
1at;e ad basim, in petiolis 3-5 cm. longis. Inflorescentia angusta
elongata paniculata, ramis (ut caulis apice, petiolis et calycibus)
villosis, pilis tenuibus albis et glandulo atro coronatis. Sepala 2-3 mm.
longa, ovata, acuta. Corolla 8-10 mm. longa, intense rubro-badia,
segmentis duobus posterioribus ad intra circ. i mm. ab apice adnatis,
emarginatione sinuum anteriorum in altitudine circ. 2/3 corolla posita ;
totis segmentis angustis et corolla in partem distantem manifeste an-
gustata. Antherse exsertse in filamentis quam coroll?e tubo longiori-
bus ; filamento posteriore obsoleto vel tantummodo termino minuto
libero vasculari. Capsula brunnea, perspicue acuminata, plerumque
5-9 mm. longa. Semina 4-6 mm. longa.
To be distinguished from S. californica Cham, of the mainland
by the following contrast :
5". californica Pubescence consisting of minuate gland-
tipped hairs. Inflorescence reaching 8-15 cm. wide, its
primary branches at least 30 mm. long. Corolla red-
dish-brown, the anterior lobes deflexing from a point
less than one half the length of the corolla. Posterior
filament a scale as wide or wider than long.
224 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
S. villosa Pubescence consisting of slender gland-tipped
hairs. Inflorescence reaching 5-8 cm. wide, its primary
branches less than 30 mm. long. Corolla deep maroon,
the anterior lobes deflexing from a point about two-
thirds the total length of the corolla. Posterior filament
obsolete or only a minute awn-like projection.
In the bottoms of canyons. January to June. Lyon; Brandegee; Trask;
Grant 1186; Eastwood 6481; Pebble Beach Canyon, Moxley ^31; Knopf 182.
Boughton; foot of the Equestrian Tral, Millsp. 4558, Nttttall 162 (type), 696.
FIGWORT.
Previously reported by all collectors as S. calif ornica. Brandegee says
(Zoe 1:112): "Seems quite different from the well-known mainland form on
account of the development of long, spreading, white hairs, especially abundant
on the panicle, giving it a really handsome appearance." Mrs. Trask says
(Erythea 7:140): "Beset with long glistening hairs. Its virgate flowering
branches are two feet long and rise from four to six feet above one's head."
The authors noted that the inflorescence glistened like glass, or as if covered
with hoarfrost ; or, as Mrs. Trask appends to her label, "like silver candelabra."
5. PENTSTEMON Schmid.
Perennial herbs, mostly branched from the base only, with opposite
or rarely verticillate leaves, or the upper occasionally alternate, and
large, blue purple red or white flowers, in terminal thyrses, panicles,
or racemes. Calyx 5-parted, the segments imbricated. Corolla irreg-
ular, the tube elongated, more or less enlarged above, the limb
2-lipped; upper lip 2-lobed; lower lip 3-lobed. Stamens 5, included,
4 of them antheriferous and didynamous, the first sterile, as long as or
shorter than the others ; anther-sacs divergent or connivent. Style
filiform; stigma capitate. Capsule ovoid, oblong, or globose, septici-
dally dehiscent. Seeds, numerous, wingless.
I. P. cordifolius Bth. Scroph. Ind. Introd. 7 (1835).
Scrambling over bushes by long sarmentose branches 6-15 dm. in
height, scabrous-puberulent, very leafy : leaves somewhat cordate, or
some ovate with a truncate base, mostly acute and serrate or denticu-
late with sharp salient teeth : the veins impressed on the upper and
prominent on the lower face : flowers in a somewhat leafy panicle ;
peduncles divaricate: calyx-lobes ovate-lanceolate: corolla scarlet (3.8
cm. long, the upper lip over 12mm.).
Open washes and canyon beds. February to July. Lyon; Wallace; Trask;
Brandegee ; Avalon Valley, Eastzvood 6483, Pendleton 1435, Reed 2830, Heller
8gsi, Millsp. 4651 ; Rock Spring Canyon, Smith 5103; Big Wash Canyon and
Schoolhouse Ridge, Nuttall 875, 44; Pebble Beach Canyon, Knopf 179. CORAL
VINE, CORAL STRING.
6. DIPLACUS Nutt.
Low evergreen glutinous shrubs, with opposite leaves which arc
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 225
revolute in the bud, and large red, orange or salmon-colored flowers,
solitary in the axils. Calyx tubular, 5-angled and 5-toothed, Corolla
with funnelform tube and rather broad bilabiate limb. Stamens 4.
Stigma of 2 flat lobes closing together when irritated. Capsule firm,
coriaceous, opening down the upper suture only, the vqlves spreading
out nearly flat.
I. D. linearis (Bth.) Greene, Pitton. 2 : 156 (1890).
Mimulus linearis Bth. Scroph. Ind. Introd. 2y (1835).
Shrubby, 6-18 dm. high, nearly glabrous or minutely pubescent:
leaves from narrowly oblong to linear-lanceolate or linear, and from
minutely dentate to nearly entire (2-10 cm. long), the margins inclined
to be revolute : peduncles in the axils of the leaves, either a little or
much shorter than the narrow prismatic calyx : corolla 3-5 cm. long, in
the typical form buff or salmon-color ; other races red, red-brown,
scarlet, orange, or deep maroon ; the lobes either erose-toothed or
emarginate.
Apparently a polymorphous species of many races ; here understood to
include D. piiniceus Nutt. and perhaps not specifically distinct from the broader-,
usually serrate-leaved D. glutinosus (Wendl.) Nutt. of the mainland.
Canj'ons and washes. Blooms throughout the year. Avalon Valley, Lyon,
Trask, Brandegce (as Mimulus glutinosus), Pendleton 1360, Reed 2816, Fisher,
Carlson, Smith 5012, Hasse, Rusby, Tourney, Moxley 694, Millsp. 4546; Rock
Spring Canyon, Golf Links Canyon and Big Wash Canyon, Nuttall 124, 79, 1008;
Descanso Canyon, Millsp. 4499; Summit, alt. 1300 feet, Nuttall 320; Silver Can-
von. Smith 5107; Middle Ranch Canyon, Nuttall 301; Echo Lake, Knopf 5?.
STICKY MONKEY FLOWER.
7. MIMULUS Linn.
Herbs, with opposite leaves. Flowers axillary, solitary, peduncled,
pink, violet, or yellow. Calyx prismatic, 5-angled, 5-toothed. Corolla
irregular, its tube cylindric with a pair of ridges on the lower side
within, its limb 2-lipped ; upper lip 2-lobed ; lower lip spreading, 3-
lobed, the lobes rounded. Stamens 4, didynamous ; anther-sacs diver-
gent, or sometimes confluent at the summit. Style filiform; stigma 2-
lamellate. Capsule loculicidally dehiscent, many-seeded, enclosed by
the calyx.
Corolla yellow:
Calyx-lobes uniform. Corolla 9-14 mm. long.
Stem hirsute. i. floribundus.
Calyx-lobes unequal, the posterior longest. Corolla
25-30 mm. long. Stem glabrous. 2. guttatus.
Corolla red :
Corolla 40-50 mm. long, anthers villous. Leaves sessile,
serrate. 3. cardinalis.
Corolla 15-20 mm. long, anthers glabrous.
Leaves petiolate, entire or minutely toothed. 4. Traskiae.
226 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
1. M. floribundus Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13. t. 1125 (1827).
Annual, erect or with numerous ascendinp^ branches, 22-44 cm.
high, flowering from the base: leaves ovate (12-20.6 mm. long), the
lower slightly cordate: upper peduncles longer than the leaves: calyx
short-campanulate, becoming ovate in fruit (barely 6 mm. long) ; the
teeth short, e(^ual, broadly triangular: corolla 7-14 mm. long: capsule
globose-pvate, obtuse.
Rich, damp, shady places. May to July. Lyon; Trask; Brandcgce (list):
Creek Bed of Left Fork of Gallagher's Canyon, Nuttall 843. MUSK MONKEY
FLOWER.
2. M. guttatus DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 127 (1813).
Erect or dili'use, from a fibrous annual root, and commonly
perennial by short stolons, glabrous or merely puberulent ; the ordinary
erect form 3.3-12.2 dm. high: leaves ovate, oval or roundish, some-
times cordate, several-nerved from base and near it, sharply and
irregularly dentate, or the lower occasionally lyrate-laciniate ; the
upper sessile ; the floral becoming small and bract-like, often connate :
peduncles becoming racemose, equalling or shorter than the flower:
calyx becoming ovate-inflated in fruit and the upper tooth conspicu-
ously largest: corolla from 6.3-19 mm. long, yellow, often dotted
within and sometimes blotched with brown-red or purple.
Moist, shady places. May to June. Lyon; Trask (as M. liilcus) : Brandc-
gce (M. lutcus and ^lastiis). YELLOW MONKEY FLOWER.
I
3. M. cardinalis Dougl. Bth. Scroph. Ind. Introd. 28 (1835).
Mimnlus cardinalis griseus Greene, Leaflets 2 :2 (1909).
Villous with viscid hairs : leaves ovate and the upper often con-
nate, the lower commonly obovate-lanceolate, all erosely dentate :
corolla scarlet, 3-5 cm. long, with tube cylindrical hardly exceeding the
calyx ; the limb remarkably oblique, the upper lip nearly erect with
the lobes turned back, the lower reflexed : stamens projecting.
In wet muck along shady canyon streams. March to June. Lyon; Bran-
degec; Rock Springs Canyon, Trask, Carlson, Grant & Wheeler 787/6143,
Smith 5100, Millsp. 4765, Niittall 123, Knopf 136; Hamilton Canyon, Nuttall
698; Gallagher's Can5'on, Eastwood 6475 (as M. cardinalis critens). CRIMSON
MONKEY FLOWER, RED MONKEY FLOWER, ORANGE MONKEY
FLOWER.
4. M. Traskiae Grant, sp. noz\
Caules glanduloso-pubescentes, 10-14 cm. alti, simplices ; foliis
paucis, late ovatis, fere glabris, 30-40 mm. longis, 12-20 mm. latis.
imis ad petiolum brevem angustatis, superioribus fere sessilibus; pedi-
cellis angustis, 3-4 mm. longis; calyce anguste oblongo, 17-20 mm.
longo, glanduloso-pubesccnti, tubo membranaceo, guttere se exten-
dente, dentibus longo-ovatis, superioribus incurvatis et quam aliis
saltem bis Icngi.s ; corolla rubro-purpurea et alba, 21-27 mm. longa,
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 227
lubo gracili quam dentc summo calycis paulum long^iore et sextuplo-
octuplo longo quam gutture brevi ititundibuliformique; labris inaequal-
ibus, inferiore rubro-purpureo cum 3 lobis minimis rotundatis 2 mm.
longis, superiore albo cum lobis latis erectis 10 mm. longis ; stylo stam-
inum jugum superius squante, piloso ; stigmatis labris inaequalibus,
superioribus ovato-acutis, inferioribus triangularibus et non dimidio
tantum longis ; capsula 8 mm. longa, tardo dehiscente ; seminibus non
vidi.
Known only from the type locality near Avalon. In shade, Mar. igor,
Blanche Trask (Mo. Bot. Card. Herb. No. 99805) ; U. S. Natl. Herb and Herb.
N. Y. Bot. Card.
8. CASTILLEJA Mutis.
Herbs, sometimes partially parasitic on the roots of other plants,
with alternate leaves ; flowers in dense leafy-bracted ispikes, the
bracts often brightly colored and larger than the flowers. Calyx tub-
ular, laterally compressed, cleft at the summit on the upper side, or
also on the lower. Corolla very irregular, its tube not longer than the
calyx, its limb 2-lipped ; upper lip {galea) arched, elongated, laterally
compressed, entire, enclosing the 4 didynamous stamens ; lower lip
short, 3-lobed. Anther-sacs unequal, the outer one attached to the
filament by its middle, the inner one pendulous from its apex. Style
filiform. Capsule loculicidally dehiscent, many-seeded. Seeds reticu-
lated.
Corolla 20-40 mm. long. Sepals distinct laterally near
apex. Leaves relatively long, and plant slightly
to moderately soft-pubescent. i. Douglasii.
Corolla 12-IS mm. long. Sepals united laterally to
apex. Leaves only 1-2 cm. long, and plant
densely woolly-pubescent. 2. foliolosa.
1 . C. Douglasii Bth. DC. Prodr. 10 : 530 ( 1846) .
Pubescent : stem strict and mostly simple, 3 dm.-i m. high : flow-
ers scattered or the upper crowded in the leafy spike, curving: calyx
and the upper bracts tinged with red, bracts and calyx distally scarlet-
red varying to salmon and yellow : corolla 20-40 mm. long, yellowish,
or the tip reddish, surpassing the calyx ; lower lip very short but pro-
tuberant, its callous oblong teeth rather shorter than the keels beneath
them, the upper lip almost as long as the tube.
Grassy canyon sides. February to May. Dall & Baker; Lyon; Trask;
Brandegee (as parviflora) ; Avalon Valley, Smith 4977, 5010, Mitlsp. 4516, 4650,
Nuttall 1042, Knopf 11, 12; Pebble Beach Road, Millsp. 4927, Knopf 20; Pebble
Beach Canyon, Nuttall 275; Rock Spring Canyon, Millsp. 4712; Schoolhouse
Mountain, Nuttall 8; Gallagher's Canyon, Millsp. 4875; White's Valley, ridge
trail to Black Jack, Knopf 76; Isthmus, Millsp. 4926 and Fisherman's Cove 4781;
Middle Ranch Canyon, Knopf 37i- PAINT CUP.
Perhaps this should be known as C. affinis Hook & Arn., 1833, a name con-
cerning the application of which there is some uncertainty.
228 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
2. C. foliolosa H. & A. Bot. Beech. Voy. 1 54 ( 1833) .
Woody, from 6.8-9. 1 ^^'^- high, white tomentose, stem shrubby,
branching; leaves close together, the inferior linear-obtuse, the super-
ior and floral divaricately-tripartite, rarely entire; flowers subsessile;
calyx floriferous, tubular, the anterior and posterior divisions slightly
lobed, emarginate; corolla shorter than the calyjc tube. Bracts and
calyx distally red.
Dry, sterile, open places. February to July. Lyon; Trask; Brandegee;
Avalon Valley, Macbride & Payson 859, Millsp. 4649, Nuttall 105; Pebble Beach
Road, Smith 5056; Lookout Point, Nuttall 841. PAINT BRUSH.
9. ORTHOCARPUS Nutt.
Herbs, mostly with alternate leaves, and yellow white or purplish
flowers, in bracted spikes. Calyx tubular or tubular-campanulate, 4-
cleft, or sometimes split down both sides. Corolla irregular, the tube
slender, the limb 2-lipped ; upper lip little if any longer than the 3-lobed
1-3-saccate lower one. Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending under the
upper lip; anther-sacs dissimilar, the outer one affixed by its middle,
the inner pendulous from its upper end, commonly smaller. Style
filiform ; stigma entire. Capsule oblong, loculicidally dehiscent, many-
seeded. Seeds reticulated.
I. O. purpurascens Bth. Scroph. Ind. Introd. 13 (1835).
Annual, erect, rather stout, at length much branched from the
base, 1.5-5 dm. high, villous-pubescent ; leaves with lanceolate base or
body, and laciniately 1-2-pinnately parted into narrow linear or fili-
form lobes, or the upper palmately cleft ; spike thick and dense ; bracts
equaling the flowers, somewhat dilated, their lobes violet-purple, as
are also the calyx and corolla ; corolla 2.5-3 cm. long, the lip moder-
ately saccate, white-tipped, with yellow and purple markings ; galea
densely purple-bearded on the back, incurved at tip ; filaments hairy.
Grassy canyon sides and hillsides. March to May. Trask; Brandegee;
Avalon Valley east slope. Smith 5008; western slope of Mount Martha, Millsp.
4848; Schoolhouse Ridge, Nuttall 11; White's Landing, ridge trail to Echo
Lake, Knopf 62, 63; very tall and profuse specimens from Cottonwood Canyon,
Knopf 400. OWL CLOVER.
Pure albino forms often found among the purple flowered plants.
Family 8. BORAGINACE^.*
borage family
Herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite or verticillate,
estipulate, mostly entire and hispid, pubescent, scabrous or setose.
*Specif:c determinations by J. Francis Macbride.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 229
Flowers perfect, usually regular, in one-sided scorpioid spikes, racemes,
cymes, or sometimes scattered. Calyx inferior, mostly 5-lobed, 5-cleft,
or 5-parted, usually persistent. Corolla gamopetalous, mostly regular
and 5-lobed, rarely irregular. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes
and alternate with them, inserted on the tube or throat ; anthers 2-
celled, the sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Disk commonly inconspicuous.
Ovary superior, of 2, 2-ovuled carpels, entire, or the carpels commonly
deeply 2-lobed, making it appear as of 4, i-ovuled carpels ; style simple,
entire or 2-cleft ; ovules anatropous or amphitropous. Fruit mostly of
4, i-seeded nutlets, or 2, 2-seeded carpels. Endosperm fleshy,
copius, or none ; cotyledons mostly flat or plano-convex ; radicle
short.
Ovary not lobed, glabrous perennials. i. Heliotropium.
Ovary 2-lobed. 2. Harpagonella.
Ovary 4-lobed, hispid or pubescent annuals :
Flowers white :
Nutlets divergent, wing-margined. 3. Pectocarva.
Nutlets erect:
Scar rounded. 4. Plagiobothrys.
Scar linear. 5. Cryptantha.
Flowers yellow. 6. Amsinckia.
I. HELIOTROPIUM Linn.
Herbs or shrubs with alternate mostly entire leaves and small blue
(u- white flowers in scorpioid spikes, or scattered. Calyx-lobes or seg-
ments lanceolate, ovate, or linear. Corolla salverform or funnelform,
naked in the throat, its tube cylindric, its lobes imbricated, plicate or
induplicate in the bud. Stamens included ; filaments short, or none.
Stigma conic or annular. Fruit 2-4-lobed, separating into 4, i -seeded
nutlets, or into 2, 2-seeded carpels.
I. H. chenopodioides Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 175 (1809).
Heliotropium oculattim Heller. Muhl. 1:58 (1904).
A succulent and brittle herb with creeping rootstock ; smooth,
glaucous. Stems decumbent 2-6 dm. Flowering branches erect or
inclined. Leaves i cm. broad, alternate, sessile, spatulate, smooth and
glaucous, wavy margined. Inflorescence terminal, scorpioid branches 2
or 3, 0.5-1 dm. or more long. Flowers in 2 rows, alternate, purphsh
with a purple eye ; calyx lobes 5, short, acuminate, enclosing the fruit ;
corolla about 4 mm. diameter, 5-lobed, short and openly canipanulate,
persistent. Stamens 5, attached low, subulate; stigma short, conic.
Nutlets 1.5-2 mm. long, no scar, nervose, suture enlarged.
Saline mud or muck. June to September. Lyon; Trask; Brandegee ; (all
as H. curassavicum L.). Muddy shores of Catalina Harbor, Pendleton 1430;
on bank of creek northwest beach of Little Harbor and silt near the sea shore
at Howland's. Nuttall 817, 807. WILD HELIOTROPE. SEASIDE HELIO-
TROPE.
230 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
2. HARPAGONELLA Gray.
Calyx irregular; three of the sepals distinct nearly to the base,
two united to near the middle. Corolla almost rotate, hardly surpassing
the calyx ; the throat with obtuse crests ; the roundish lobes imbricated
in the bud. Style short : stigma somewhat capitate. Divisions of the
ovary globular, attached by the base to a nearly flat receptacle, two of
them apparently always abortive. Ovule nearly erect, anatropous, the
orifice inferior. Nutlets mostly 2, collateral, oblong, coriaceous, per-
fectly smooth, obliquely fixed by the base; one of them naked, ascend-
ing, and usually if not always infertile ; the other larger and completely
invested by the two united lobes of the now very oblique calyx, in the
form of a bur (somewhat resembling that of a small Franseria) , being
sparsely beset with 7-9 long and diverging soft spines, which are armed
with short hook-tipped bristles. Radicle inferior or centripetal. A little
herb with the aspect of Pectocarya.
I. H. Palmeri Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11 :88 (1875).
Diffuse and slender annual, 22 cm. high, minutely strigose-hirsute :
leaves linear-lanceolate : flowers very small, lateral at all the nodes, on
short at length deflexed peduncles : corolla white, minute : spines of the
fruiting calyx as long as the bur-like body ; the 3 free calyx-lobes
small and rather remote.
Dry, exposed situations. April to May. Grant & Wheeler 540. The only
collection to date. Not found elsewhere in California.
3. PECTOCARYA DC.
Calyx 5-parted, persistent, spreading. Corolla very small, salver-
form or funnelform, with crests in the throat. Stamens and very
short style included. Nutlets widely spreading in pairs, horizontal,
oblong or almost linear, surrounded by a more or less incurved wing-
like border, which is sometimes deeply cut into stout bristle-bearing
teeth, or is more or less beset with stiff bristles or slender prickles, the
tips of which are simply hooked. Gynobase very short. Radicle of the
embryo centripetal, i.e. pointing to the gynobase. Low and insignificant
slender annuals, diffusely branching; with hoary strigose-hirsute
pubescence, narrow linear leaves (barely i mm. wide), and very small
lateral flowers scattered along the branches, on very short peduncles :
corolla white.
Nutlets uncinate-bristled on wings. 1. linearis.
Nutlets uncinate at tip only. 2. pencillata.
Flora of Santa Catalixa Island — Millspaugii & Nuttall 231
1. P. linearis (R. & P.) DC. Prodr. 10:120 (1846).
Cynoglossum lineare Ruiz & Pavon, Fl. Peru 2:6 (1799).
Stems slender, diffusely branched from the base, decumbent or
ascending, canescent throughout with appressed hairs, the leaves with
spreading hairs ; nutlets oblong, 4 mm. long, becoming recurved, the
winged margins toothed, the teeth ending in an uncinate bristle, the
apex thickly beset with slender uncinate bristles.
Dry, open hillsides and ridges. March to July. Trask "abundant" ; Brand-
egee ; Grant 913; Pebble Beach Road. Pendleton 1400; along the Coach Road
from Howland's to Cherry Valley, Millsp. 4820; Schoolhouse Mountain and at
the lower end of the Equestrian Trail, Nuttall 28, 237.
2. P. pencillata (H. & A.) ADC. Prodr. 10 : 120 (1846).
Cynoglossum pencillatum H. & A. Bot. Beech. Voy. 371 (1841).
Plants very slender: nutlets little over 2.1 mm. long, with narrow
and entire or rarely few-toothed wing, the apex thickly beset with
hooked bristles, the sides more or less incurved and naked or sometimes
bearing a few scattered bristles.
Dr}', exposed situations. April to May. The only collection from the
island that we have seen of this small and inconspicuous plant is that of Ceo.
U. Grant, in June, 1902.
4. PLAGIOBOTHRYS F. & M.
Low. commonly difluse annuals, with small and short-pedicellate
or subsessile flowers ; the s-hort corolla white : nutlets rugose or rough-
ened, rarely smooth, ventrally carinate above the insertion, which is
median or supra-basal, or rarely supra-median, only one or two com-
monly maturing, and then succumbent-horizontal upon the globular or
depressed gynobase, tardily detached, leaving a kind of caruncle at the
insertion (either projecting and solid or else annular and hollow), and
corresponding depressed concavities on the gynobase.
Nutlets not stipitate :
Calyx cleft nearly to base. i. canescens.
Calyx cleft only to middle. 2. arizonicus.
Nutlets stipitate. 3. Cooperi.
I . P. canescens Benth. Pi,' Hartweg. 326 (1839) .
Villous-pubescent and somewhat cinereous or canescent, especially
the calyx, which when young may be fulvous or even somewhat rufe-
scent: this 4.2-6.3 mm. long in fruit, loosely erect or sometimes more
open and accrescent, persistent, rarely disposed to be circumscissile at
base : nutlets with obtuser wrinkles.
Dry, exposed situations. April to June. The only collections of this plant
on Catalina are those of Geo. B. Grant ggy and Grant & Wheeler 996/6159 for
which no locality is stated on the labels.
232 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. \^
2. P. arizonicus (Gray) Greene, Gray. Proc. Am. Acad. 22 1284
(1886).
Eritrichium canescens arizonicum Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17:227
(1880).
Plagiobothrys ariconicus cataiinciisis Gray, Syn. FI. Suppl. 431
(1886).
Plagiobothrys catalinetisis Macbr., Proc. Am. Acad. 51 : 541
(1911).
Hirsute or even hispid with widely spreading hairs, not canescent :
leaves mostly oblong-lanceolate: fructiferous calyx not over 4.2mm.
long, usually connivent over the acutely rugose and sparingly rough-
ened nutlets, at length circumscissile at base.
Dry, open situations. March to May. Lyon; Brandegce. On the Golf
Links, Nuttall 1167; Salta Verde, Knopf 339. POPCORN FLOWER.
In the light of further material, the differences between this insular form
and those of the mainland, prove so slight that the plants may well be consid-
ered simply races of the species. — Macbride.
3. P. Cooperi Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22 : 285 (1886).
Diffusely branched from the base, with sparsely-leaved ascending
flowering stems 2-3 dm. long, more slender, hispidulous : leaves spatu-
late-linear to oblong-lanceolate: spikes at length sparsely flowered,
sparingly bracteate or bractless above : corolla more conspicuous, with
limb 4.2-6.3 mm. broad : nutlets more trigonous and reticulate-rugose,
dentate-muriculate on the reticulations: caruncle more stalk-like and
porrect.
Open, "dobe" soil. February to April. Mrs. Trask (as Eritrichium sp. and
"Ham Spring No. i") ; on the Golf Links, Millsp. 4720.
5. CRYPTANTHA Lehm.
(.CRYPTANTHE.)
Annual caulescent herbs, with pubescent foliage. I^eaves alter-
nate: blades narrow, entire. Flowers in narrow scorpioid spikes or
racemes. Calyx-lobes 5, erect, usually converging at maturity. Corolla
white, funnelform, the tube usually closed by 5 scales in the throat;
lobes 5, imbricated. Stamens 5, included : filaments short. Ovary of 4
nearly distinct carpels. Fruit of 4 nutlets with rounded backs and
obtuse, acute, or winged margins, laterally attached to the receptacle.
Nutlets muriculate :
One nearly smooth and larger. i. micromeres.
All alike. 2. intermedia.
Nutlets smooth and shining:
Nutlet I, or rarely 2:
Groove divaricately forked at base. 3. microstachys.
Groove but slightly forked at base. 4. ramosissima.
Nutlets 4. 5- Iciocarpa.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 233
1. C. micromeres (Gray) Greene, Pittonia i :ii3 (1887).
Krynitskia micromeres Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20:274 (1884).
Slender and diffusely branched, less than 3.3 dm. high: leaves 6.3-
12.7 mm. long: spikes filiform, simple or occasionally in pairs : flowers
minute: fructiferous calyx 1-2 mm. long: nutlets ovate-trigonous,
acutish, rather shining, but muriculate-scabrous on the back, lateral
angles acute, and inner faces commonly concave; ventral groove
abruptly dilated below.
Open situations on dry hillsides. March to May. "Ham Spring No. 2,"
Trask; on freshly turned soil half way up the Equestrian Trail, Nuttall 156.
2. C. intermedia (Gray) Greene, loc. cit. 114.
Krynitzkia intermedia Gray, loc. cit. 273.
Resembling the last in habit ; calyx-lobes 3-5 mm. long, armed with
rather rigid and pungent, whitish or rusty-yellowish bristles ; corolla
usually less than 4 mm, broad ; nutlets grayish, about 2 mm. long,
oblong-ovate, thickly rough-muricate ; scar wholly or partly open, with
an open areola.
Dry, open situations. March to May. Lyon; Brandegee (as Krynitskia
ambigua) ; Grant 242; Avalon Canyon, Smith 4982; bank of the Coach Road be-
tween Cherry Valley and Rowland's, Millsp. 4800; Coach Road upper Descanso
Canyon, Nuttall 48; Moonstone Beach, Knopf 381.
3. C. microstachys Greene loc. cit. 116.
Krynitskia microstachys Greene, Gray, loc. cit. 269.
Rarely over 3 dm. high, spreading, hispidulous or hispid : fructifer-
ous calyx ascending or erect but hardly appressed to the rhachis, from
barely 2.1 mm. to nearly 4.2 mm. in length, with mostly attenuate and
rigid sepals, hispid with widely spreading (but not deflexed) and some-
what pungent bristles : nutlet flattened ventrally, the groove of attach-
ment divaricately forked and somewhat open at base.
Dry. open situations. February to July. Brandegee ; Pebble Beach Road,
Pendleton 1403, Millsp. 4744, Knopf 24, 143; Descanso Canyon, Millsp. 4666
and Fisherman's Cove 4783.
4. C. ramosissima Greene, loc. cit. 1 16.
Krynitskia ramosissima Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad, i : 203 (1885).
Annual, stoutish, rigid and densely paniculate-branching, up to 3.3
dm. high : leaves linear-oblong, mostly 12.7 mm, long, apparently fleshy,
and the smallest subterete, beset with a few coarse, hispid hairs : spikes
leafy-bracted : calyx setose-hispid and more or less white-villous ; nut-
let solitary, ovate-acuminate, brown, smooth and shining, ventral face
flat, the groove closed and without any bifurcation, or opening at base.
Dry. exposed situations near the sea. March to May. Lyon; Mrs. Trask
(as C. Tarreyana) ; Brandegee.
Monographic treatment of this genus will, doubtless, place this insular form
(and possibly C. cedrosensis Greene) under C. maritima Greene. The specific
standing of C. ramosissima is questionable.
234 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
5. C. leiocarpa (F. & M.) Greene, loc. cit. 1 17.
Krynitskia leiocarpa Fisch & Mey. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 52 ( 1841 ) .
Commonly branched from the base, 1-3 dm. high, appressed-pubes-
cent and pilose-hispid; spikes leafy bracted, the terminal larger and
interrupted, the lateral short and glomerate ; sepals short-linear, hispid
bristly; nutlets 4, smooth, narrowly ovate, acute, 1.5mm. long, the
ventral groove not forked or scarcely so.
Dry, exposed sandy situations near the coast. May to July. Our only
specimen, somewhat doubtfully placed to this species, is Hasse 4156. It has 4
smooth nutlets with roimded angles and a closed groove that opens at the
base — Macbride.
6. AMSINCKIA Lehm.
Rough-hispid annuals with oblong or linear leaves, and scorpioid-
spicate flowers, sometimes the lowest and rarely all leafy-bracteate ; the
corolla yellow, slender, with open throat, either wholly naked or with
minute bearded crests. Stout bristles of the herbage commonly with
pustulate-dilated base. Calyx-lobes in several species disposed to be
occasionally united 2 or 3 together almost to the top. Flowers in most
species all heterogone-dimorphous, at least in the insertion of the
stamens ; when these are high the throat of the corolla is quite naked.
Flowers large, well exserted from the calyx. i. Douglasiana.
Flowers small, barely exserted from the calyx. 2. parviflora.
1. A. Douglasiana A. DC, DC. Prodr. 10:118 (1846).
Stem erect, simple, glabrous below, softly setose-pubescent at tlie
apex ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, sometimes broadened at the base,
appressed-hispidulose when young, setose and bulbous at the base on
the older leaves ; racemes becoming elongated ; calyx-lobes linear,
obtuse, very hispid ; corolla smooth, twice the length of the calyx ;
stamens included in the upper part of the corolla ; plants 3.3 dm. or
more ; cauline leaves 4-8 cm. long by 3.8 mm. wide or even more.
Corolla deep orange-yellow, about 8 mm. long ; racemes simple or
sometimes branched, much elongated as the fruits develop ; nutlets pyri-
form, angular, pointed, honey-comb-reticulate, granular.
Open fields and grassy or shady hillsides general. March to May. Trask;
Brandegee; Smith 4973; Millsp. 4616, 4700, 4725, 4754, 4796, 4890; Nuttall 46, 61 ;
Knopf I. A prevalent species quite distinct in the field but passing through a
wide range of races variant in size of plant and breadth of leaf. The species is
variously reported from Catalina as A. tesselata, A. intermedia, A. speciabilis
and A. lycopsoides.
2. A. parviflora Heller, Muhl. 2:313 (1907).
wStems 3-5 dm. high, rather strict, hispid with straight bristle-like
hairs as well as somewhat strigose, leafy, but the leaves rather remote,
linear-oblong, 5-10 mm. wide, the largest 5 or 6 cm. long, the shortly
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 235
apiculate apex acute, or merely acutish in the larger ones, hispid,
especially above, with appressed bristle-like hairs from a pustulate base,
midvein prominent beneath : spikes dense above, loosely flowered
below, I dm. long or less, but probably much elongated when in full
fruit : flowering calyx 4 mm. long, 6 or 7 mm. in fruit, strigose and
hispid like the stem, especially the tube, less so on the linear lobes, these
I mm. wide : corollas pale yellow, small, barely exserted from the calyx,
5 mm. long, the tube cylindrical, between 3 and 4 mm. long, the lobes
somewhat ovate, i mm. wide and only a little longer, rounded at apex:
stamens equaling the corolla tube : pistil the kngh of the stamens, the
stigma somewhat 3-lobed : nutlets 2 mm. long, ovoid, curved and the
back sharply keeled, this dotted with points, as are also the irregular
transverse ridges, the intervening spaces with shorter points.
Waste ground in Avalon, February 14, 1920. MiJlsp. 4715. A clump of
several plants in this the only known locality on the island where it is doubtless
introduced from the mainland.
Family 9. VERBENACE^.
VERBENA FAMILY
Herbs, shrubs or some tropical genera trees, with opposite vertici-
late or rarely alternate leaves, and perfect irregular or sometimes reg
ular flowers, in spikes, racemes, cymes or panicles. Calyx inferior,
mostly persistent, usually 4-5-lobed or 4-5-cleft. Corolla regular, or
2-lipped, the tube usually cylindric and the limb 4-5-cleft. Stamens 4,
didynamous, rarely only 2, or as many as the corolla-lobes, inserted on
the corolla and alternate with its lobes; anthers 2-celled, the sacs
longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary superior, 2-4-celled (rarely 8-io-celled),
composed of 2 carpels, each carpel with 2 anatropous or amphitropous
ovules, thus in 4-celled ovaries i ovule in each cavity ; style terminal ;
stigmas i to 2. Fruit dry, separating at maturity into 2-4-nutlets, or
a drupe containing the 2-4-nutlet?. Endosperm little or none, or
rarely fleshy; embryo straight.
Corolla 5-lobed, nutlets 4- i- Verben.^.
Corolla 4-lobed, nutlets 2. 2. Lippia.
I. VERBENA Linn.
Herbs with the flowers in single or paniclcd spikes or heads, small,
or in some showy. The commoner species are apt to hybridize naturally,
and the hybrids are not rarely fertile. Calyx tubular or plicately pris-
matic, 5-toothed, one tooth often shorter. Corolla salverf orm : the
tube sometimes curved ; the limb more or less unequally 5-cleft. Sta-
mens 4, included ; the upper pair sometimes sterile. Stigma of two
236 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
dissimilar lobes, one of them smaller and mostly abortive. Ovary
4-celled, in fruit splitting into 4 one-seeded little nutlets.
I. V. prostrataR. Br. Ait. Hort. Kew^. ed. 2, 4:41 (1812).
Soft-hirsute or villous: stems at first erect or ascending, 3-12 dm.
high, at length widely branched and diffuse, rarely prostrate : leaves
obovate, ovate, or oblong, with cuneate base tapering into a margined
petiole, sharply serrate, incised, or 3-5-cleft: spikes solitary or panicled,
rather slender but dense when in flower, becoming 10-27 cm. long,
hirsute or villous : bracts subulate, not longer than the calyx : corolla
violet or blue, 4.2 mm. long.
In canyons and arroyas. June to August. Lyon; Trask; Macbride & Pay-
son 850; vicinity of Avalon and along Pebble Beach Road, Smith 4994, 5063;
White's Landing, Millsp. 4588; Rock Spring Canyon and at Chicken Johnny's
Nuttall I2S, ^48; Graveyard Canyon, Pebble Beach and Pebble Beach Canyon,
Knopf 130, 160, 246. VERVAIN.
The specimens show many vegetative races from a single to a twenty
branched inflorescence and a height from 1-7 feet. The specific name is unfor-
tunate as the plants are strictly erect.
2. LIPPIA Linn.
Perennial herbs, or .shrubs, with opposite, or rarely alternate leaves,
and small bracted flowers, in spikes or heads. Calyx small, ovoid, cam-
panulate or compressed and 2-winged, 2-4-toothed or 2-4-cleft. Corol-
la-tube cylindric, the limb oblique, somewhat 2-lipped, 4-cleft.
Stamens 4, didynamous ; anthers ovate, not appendaged, the sacs nearly
parallel. Ovary 2-celled ; ovules i in each cavity ; style short ; stigma
oblique or recurved. Fruit dry, with a membranous exocarp, at length
separating into 4 nutlets.
I . L. nodiflora ( L.) Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2:15 ( 1803) .
Verbena nodiflora Linn. Sp. PI. 20 (1753)-
Minutely and rather densely puberulent, herbaceous, creeping, or
the branches ascending, 3-9 dm. long. Leaves thickish, spatulate,
oblanceolate, or obovate, 1-6 cm. long, 0.6-2.5 cm. wide, inconspicuously
veined, mostly obtuse, narrowed into a cuneate entire base, sharply
serrate above the middle ; heads at length cylindric and 1-2.5 cm. long;
corolla purple to white, little longer than the bracts.
In moist or silt soil, exposed situations. May to July. Ditch of Pebble
Beach Road, Smith 5044; in a rock cleft near the Sugar Loaf, Nuttall 601.
CAPEWEED.
Family 10. LAMIACEiE.
MINT FAMILY
Aromatic punctate herbs, or shrubs (a few tropical species trees),
Flora OF Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 237
mostly with 4-sided stems and simple opposite leaves ; stipules none.
Flowers irregular, perfect, clustered, the inflorescence typically cymose,
usually bracteolate. Calyx inferior, persistent, 5-toothed or 5-lobed
(rarely 4-toothed), mostly nerved. Corolla with a short or long tube,
the limb 4-5-lobed, mostly 2-lipped, regular in a few genera ; upper lip
2-lobed, or sometimes entire ; lower lip mostly 3-lobed. Stamens borne
on the corolla-tube, typically 4 and didynamous, sometimes 2, rarely
equal; filaments separate, alternate with the corolla-lobes; anthers
2-celled, introrse, or confluently i -celled, or sometimes of a single sac.
Disk usually present, fleshy. Ovary 4-lobed, or 4-parted, superior, each
lobe or division with i mostly anatropous ovule ; style arising from the
centre of the lobed or parted ovary, 2-lobed at the summit. Fruit of 4,
I -seeded nutlets. Seed erect (transverse in Scutellaria) ; endosperm
scanty, or none ; embryo mostly straight ; radicle short, inferior.
Flowers solitary, axillary :
Trailing herbs, flowers small. r. Micromeria.
Shrubby, flowers large. 2. Sphacele.
Flowers clustered in whorls or spikes :
Calyx regular or the teeth nearly equal :
Corolla nearly regular. 3. Mentha.
Corolla strongly bilabiate :
Anther sacs parallel. 4. Marrubium.
Anther sacs divergent :
Anther-bearing stamens 4. 5. Nepeta.
Anther-bearing stamens 2:
Connective transverse. 6. Salvia.
Connective continuous with the filament. 7. Ramona.
I. MICROMERIA Benth.
Shrubs or perennial herbs, with entire or dentate leaves and small
axillary clustered or solitary flowers. Calyx tubular, its tube mostly
13-ribbed, its 5 lobes nearly equal. Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip erect,
often very small ; lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe commonly emarg-
inate. Stamens 4, converging under the upper corolla-lip ; anthers
2-celled, the sacs divergent. Ovary 4-carpellary ; style basal. Nutlets
smooth, basally attached.
I. M. chamissonis (Benth.) Greene, Man. Bay Reg. 289 (1894).
Thymus chamissonis Bth. in Linnsea 6 :8o ( 183 1 ) .
Micromeria Doiiglasii Bth. Lab. 372 (1833).
Perennial, herb, slightly pubescent, with long and slender creep-
ing and trailing stems : leaves round-ovate, thin, sparingly toothed
(2.6 cm. or less in diameter) short-petioled : flowers mostly solitary in
the axils, on a long and filiform 2-bracteolate peduncle: calyx-teeth
238 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
subulate : corolla purplish, 8.4 mm. long, twice the length of the calyx,
the tube exserted.
Moist, sandy soil in shady places. March to September. Lyon; Trask;
Brandcgee ; McClatchie ; Coach Road near Summit, Smith 5100 ; Middle Ranch
Canyon, Nuttall 295, S92; Knopf 357- VERBA SANTA, VERBA BUENA.
A tea made of the plant proves to be sedative especially for children, it
also makes a pleasant and fragrant tea.
2. SPHACELE Benth.
Somewhat shrubby, veiny-leaved, and rather large-flowered. Calyx
campanulate, nearly equally 5-cleft, thin-membranaceous and reticu-
lated, especially when enlarged in fruit, irregularly about lo-nerved,
naked within. Corolla cylindraceous or oblong-campanulate, with 5
broad and roundish rather erect lobes, the lower one longest : a hairy
ring at the base of the tube within. Stamens 4, distant, somewhat
ascending : filaments naked ; the posterior pair shorter : anther-cells
diverging.
I. S. fragrans Greene, Pitton. 1 :38 (1887).
S. caylcina Wallacei Gray, Syn. Fl. 2, i :365 ( 1878) .
Shrub 18.3dm. high: leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, coarsely and
irregularly dentate, hastate at base, 5.1-10.1 cm. long, of thin texture,
loosely white-woolly beneath, glabrate above, not resinous, agreeably
aromatic : calyx open-campanulate. more than 2.6 cm. long, its lobes
triangular-lanceolate, as long as the tube : nutlets large, glabrous :
corolla not seen.
Dry, exposed places. June to September. Wallace; Trask ("Rare. Found
in volcanic region") ; side of a wash in Middle Ranch Canyon, McClatchie ; dry
creek bed among pebbles in silt above the buildings at Middle Ranch, Nuttall
891. PITCHER SAGE.
3. MENTHA Linn.
Erect or diffuse odorous herbs, with simple sessile or petioled
mostly punctate leaves, and small whorled purple pink or white flowers,
the whorls axillary or in terminal dense or interrupted spikes. Calyx
campanulate to tubular, lo-nerved, regular, or slightly 2-lipped, 5-
toothed. Corolla-tube shorter than the calyx, the limb 4-cleft, some-
what irregular, the posterior lobe usually somewhat broader than the
others, entire or emarginate. Stamens 4, equal, erect, included or ex-
serted, sometimes imperfect ; filaments glabrous ; anthers 2-celled, the
sacs parallel. Ovary 4-parted ; style 2-cleft at the summit. Nutlets
ovoid, smooth.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 239
I . M. piperita L. Sp. PI. 576 (1753) .
Perennial by subterranean suckers ; stems glabrous, mostly erect,
branched, 3.3-9. i dm. high. Leaves lanceolate, petioled, dark green,
acute at the apex, rounded or narrowed at the base, rather firm, sharply
serrate, glabrous on both sides, or pubescent on the veins beneath and
resin-dotted, the larger 3.8-7.6 cm. long, 2.6-3.8 cm. wide ; whorls of
flowers in terminal dense or interrupted spikes, which are thick and
obtuse, and become 2.6-7.6 cm. long in fruit, the middle one at length
overtopped by the lateral ones ; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, not longer
than the flowers, or the lower occasionally foliaceous ; calyx tubular-
campanulate, glabrous below, its teeth subulate, ciliate, one-half as long
as the tube or more ; corolla glabrous ; style occasionally 3-cleft.
In wet, compact, silt and loam around the spring at Empire Landing near
the quarrv, Oct. 31, 1921, Knopf 247. First return of this species from the island.
PEPPERMINT.
4. MARRUBIUM Linn.
Bitter-aromatic whitish-woolly perennials, branched from the base :
leaves rugose: flowers small, much crowded in axillary false whorls
or heads. Calyx cylindraceous, 5-10 nerved, of firni texture, 10-
toothed: the alternate (accessory) teeth shorter, spiny-tipped and
recun-ed at maturity. Corolla short, its tube included in the calyx;
the upper lip erect and concave, narrow, 2-lobed at the tip; the lower
spreading and 3-cleft. Stamens 4, included in the tube of the corolla :
anthers 2-celled, but the cells confluent.
I. M. vulgare Linn. Sp. PI. 583 (1753).
Shrubby, 3.3-6.8 dm. high, hoary-woolly : leaves roundish crenate :
flowers crowded in the upper axils ; corolla small, white ; calyx-
teeth and bracts hooked at the tip.
Prevalent on dry hillsides. January- to August. Of this European im-
migrant, now common almost everywhere on the island, Mrs. Trask says : "A
single specimen was collected at Avalon, by Dr. Bishop in 1896;" she also col-
lected it the same year. Avalon Valley, Smith $076, Fisher; Pebble Beach Road,
Nuttall 71, Knopf 159: Rock Spring Creek, Nuttall 717; Middle Ranch, Millsp.
1603. HOREHOUND.
5. NEPETA Linn.
Herbs, with dentate or incised leaves, and mostly white or blue
rather small flowers in verticillate clusters, usually crowded in terminal
spikes, or axillary and cymose. Calyx tubular, somewhat oblique at
the mouth, 15-nerved, usually incurved, 5-toothed, scarcely 2-lipped.
but the upper teeth usually longer than the lower. Corolla-tube en-
larged above, the limb strongly 2-lipped ; upper lip erect, emarginatc
240 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V".
or 2-lobed ; lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, the middle lobe larger than
the lateral ones. Stamens 4, all anther bearing, didynamous, ascending
under the upper lip, the lower pair the shorter; anthers 2-celled, the
sacs divaricate. Ovary deeply 4-parted: style 2-cleft at the summit.
Nutlets ovoid, compressed, smooth.
I. N. Cataria Linn. Sp. PI. 570 (1753).
Perennial, densely canescent, pale green : stem rather stout, erect,
branched, 5.1-7.6 cm. high, the branches straight, ascending. Leaves
ovate to oblong, petioled, acute at the apex, coarsely crenate-dentate,
mostly cordate at the base, 2.6-7.6 cm. long, greener above than be-
neath ; flower-clusters spiked at the ends of the stem and branches,
the spikes 2.6-12.7 cm. long; bracts small, foliaceous ; bractlets subu-
late ; calyx puberulent, its teeth subulate, the upper about one-half the
length of the tube ; corolla nearly white, or pale purple, dark-dotted,
puberulent without, 10.5-12.7mm. long, its lobe a little longer than
the calyx, the broad middle lobe of its lower lip crenulate.
Waste places rare. July to September. This common Eastern species is
rare on the Pacific Coast. Greene reports it from Marin, Sonoma and Solano
counties and Parish from Edgar Canyon San Bernardino Mountains. It was
first found on Catalina in 1919 by Pendleton (1^91) in Chicken Johnnv's yard
(see p. 10), where it persists (Millsp. 4894, Nuttall 831). CATNIP.
6. SALVIA Linn.
Herbs, or some species shrubs, with clustered flowers, the clusters
mostly spiked, racemed, or panicled. Calyx mostly naked in the throat,
2-lipped ; upper lip entire or 3-toothed ; lower lip 2-cleft or 2-toothed.
Corolla strongly 2-lipped ; upper lip entire, emarginate or 2-lobed ;
lower lip spreading, 3-cleft or 3-lobed. Anther-bearing stamens 2
(the posterior pair wanting or rudimentary) ; connective of the anthers
transverse, linear or filiform, bearing a perfect anther-sac on its upper
end, its lower end dilated, capitate, or sometimes bearing a small or
rudimentary one. Nutlets smooth, usually developing mucilage and
spiral tubes when wetted.
I. S. Columbarice Benth. Lab. 302 (1B33).
Minutely tomentose or soft-pubescent ; stem commonly slender,
branching, and leafy below, up to 6.8 dm. high from an annual root,
naked and peduncle-like below, terminated by a solitary or two prolifer-
ous head-like false whorls : leaves deeply once or twice pinnatifid or
parted into oblong and crenately-toothed or incised divisions, pointless,
rugose : involucrate floral leaves bract-like and short, ovate, entire :
bracts similar but membranaceous, sometimes purplish, abruptly acumi-
nate-awned : flowers small : calyx naked within its large upper lip
Flora of Santa Cataltna Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 241
arched, hispid at base outside, tipped with a pair of connivent and
partly connate short-awned teeth, much exceeding the two small and
porrected teeth of the lower lip; corolla (blue) hardly exceeding the
calyx ; its upper lip merely notched ; the lower with small lateral lobes :
the middle one much larger, transversely oval, on a short claw,
2-lobed, and otherwise nearly entire : filaments slender.
Rather common (Mrs. Trask says) on dry, rocky hillsides. April to June.
Trask; Brandegee ; Schoolhouse Ridge, Nuttall ^8. Trail from Moonstone
Beach to White's Landing, Knopf 374- CHI A, SAGE.
The seeds formed one of the most important "grains" of the Aborigines
who ground them into meal for porridge and cakes. They were also used in
lieu of linseed for dysentery and enteritis.*
7. RAMONA Greene.
Shrubs or imdershrubs, with habit, foliage, inflorescence, and
even the peculiar spathe-like oblique calyx of the Calif ornian Salvias ;
but the corolla with no proper upper lip; its throat inflated and hori-
zontally split, the upper portion of this either obsolete, or vertically
cleft and the segments divergent, exposing fully the s-^tamens from
their insertion on the bottom of the throat. Genitals all long-exserted.
Stamens 2, consisting of a distinct filament articulated with the single
arm of the connective present, this on the same plane with the proper
filament, bearing the one anther-cell at its summit.
Flowers in dense, verticillate glomerules. i. stachyoides.
Flowers in thyrsoid-panicles. 2. polystachya.
1. R. Stachyoides (Benth.) Briquet, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2:440
(1894).
Audibertia stachyoides Bth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 313 ( 1833) .
Salvia mellifera Greene, Pitton. 2 1236 (1892) .
Cinereous-tomentose or glabrate, shrubby, i m. high or more,
branching and leafy, leaves oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at base or
short-petioled, crenate, green and rugose above, cinereous-tomentose
beneath ; flowers in interrupted spicate heads or whorls ; the floral
leaves much reduced, these and the ovate or oblong bracts as well as
the calyx-teeth of the bilabiate calyx cuspidate-acuminate or spinulose-
aristulate ; corolla white or lilac-tinged, about i cm,, long, the tube
longer than the limb; style, and especially the stamens, little exserted;
subulate appendages of the connective often manifest.
Common on dry, exposed hillsides. April to July. Lyon (R. Clevelandi of
Abrams) ; Trask; McClatchie (as A. Palmeri) ; Smith 5032; Pendleton 1370;
Eastwood 6457; Brandegee; Millsp. 4560, 4777; Nuttall 73; Knopf 89; Pacific
slope of the Salta Verde, Knopf 344.
A very variable species as to shape of leaves, size of parts, blueness of
flowers and general aspect. BLACK SAGE. PURPLE SAGE.
*See also Dr. Edwd. Palmer's article on the chias in Zoe Vol. i, p. 140.
242 FiFXD Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
2. R. polystachya (Benth.) Greene, Pitton. 2 :235 (1892).
Andibcrtia polystachya Bth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 314 ( 1833) .
Salvia apiana Jeps. Miihl. 3 : 144 ( 1908) .
Shrubby below, i mm. high or more, minutely tomentose-canes-
ccnt, the branches virgate ; leaves mostly very white on both surfaces,
oblong-lanceolate, minutely rugose and crenulate, 5-8 cm, long; inflor-
escence thrysoid-paniculate, 3-6 dm. long ; the floral leaves, bracts and
bractlets small and loose, at length retlexed, lanceolate or subulate,
cuspidate-tipped ; flowers sessile, loose ; upper lip of calyx truncate or
3-toothed, at length concave or galeate, longer than the triangular-
subulate lower lip ; corolla white or nearly so, the lower lip much
enlarged, the middle lobe rounded, emarginate at apex, unguiculate.
the upper lip short ; tube very short ; style and divergent stamens
long-exserted ; filiform connective continuous- with the filament, its
lower end usually indicated by a minute tooth,
A common shrub of exposed hillsides. May to November. Lyon; Trask ;
Braiidegee; Smith 5075; Pendleton 1396 (as Salvia calif ornica) ; Millsp. 4469;
Nuttall 599, 153, 7h; Knopf /?/. WHITE SAGE, CANDLEWOOD, OCO-
TILLO.
[Monardella lanceolata Gray. Reported by Lyon, and so included in
Drandegee's List, is not corroborated by a specimen in the Lyon collection
in herb. Gray. It has not since been returned from the island.]
Family 11. OROBANCHACE^.
BROOM RAPE FAMILY
Erect, simple or branched, brown yellowish purplish or nearly
white root-parasites, the leaves reduced to alternate appressed scales,
the flowers perfect, irregular (rarely cleistogamous), sessile in ter-
minal bracted spikes, or soHtary and peduncled in the axis of the
scales. Calyx inferior, gamosepalous, 4-5-toothed, 4-5-cleft, or split
nearly or quite to the base on one or both sides. Corolla gamopetalous,
more or less oblique, the tube cylindric, or expanded above, the limb
2-lipped, 5-lobed. Stamens 4. didynamous, inserted on the tube of
the corolla and alternate with its lobes, a fifth rudimentary one oc-
casionally present ; filaments slender ; anthers 2-celled, the sacs parallel,
equal. Ovary superior, i-celled, the four placentae parietal; ovules
numerous, anatropous; style slender; stigma discoid, 2-lobed, or
sometimes 4-lobed. Capsule i-celled, 2-valved. Seeds numerous,
reticulated, wrinkled or striate ; embryo minute ; cotyledons scarcely
differentiated.
Calyx not 2-bracteatc. I. Thalesia.
Calyx 2-bracteate. 2. Mvzoerhiza.
I, THALESIA Raf.
Glandular or viscid-pubescent simple-stemmed herbs, parasitic on
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 243
the roots' of various plants, with scattered scales, and long-peduncled
yellowish white or violet, complete and perfect flowers without bract-
lets. Calyx campanulate or hemispheric, nearly equally 5-cleft, the
lobes acute or acuminate. Corolla oblique, the tube elongated curved,
the limb slightly 2-lipped, the upper lip erect-spreading, 2-lobed, the
lower spreading, 3-lobed, the lobes all nearly equal. Stamens included ;
anther-sacs mucronate at the base. Ovary ovoid; placentae equidis-
tant, or contiguous in pairs; style slender, deciduous; stigma peltate,
or transversely 2-lamellate.
1 . T. fasciculata (Nutt.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5 1298 (1894).
Orobanche fasciculata Nutt. Gen. 2 :59 ( 1818).
Aphyllon fasciculatum Gray, Syn. Fl. 2, i : 312 ( 1878) .
Stems erect, 5.1-10.1 cm. high, densely glandular-pubescent, bear-
ing several scales and 3-15 naked i -flowered peduncles 2.6-10. i cm.
long. Calyx glandular, broadly campanulate, 6.3-10.5 mm. high, about
one-third the length of the corolla, its lobes triangular-lanceolate or
triangular-ovate, acute, equalling or shorter than the tube; corolla
nearly 2.6 cm. long, purphsh to yellow, puberulent without, the curved
tube 3 times as long as the limb, the lobes oblong, obtuse, capsule
ovoid to globose.
Dry, exposed banks parasitic on roots of Eriogonum and Artemisia. June
to July" Banks of Pebble Beach Road, Pendleton 1353. Reed ^826, Nuttall 533;
top of Mount Wilson. Nuttall 355; trail Moonstone Beach to White's, Knopf
375- BROOM RAPE.
2. MYZORRHIZA PhiHppi.
Stems rising above the ground. Flowers yellow or purplish, race-
mose or panicled or spicate, mostly with one or two bracts close to or
rarely somewhat below the calyx. Corolla plainly bilabiate,
upper lip 2 lobed or notched, lower-lip 3-parted.
I. M. tuberosa (Gray) Rybd. Bull. Torr. Club 36 : 695 (1909).
Aphyllon tuberosum Gray, Bot. Calif, i :585 ( 1876).
Minutely puberulent, low and stout, 5-15 cm. high, the thickened
base with firm imbricated scales : flowers in a compact cluster : calyx
unequally cleft, a little shorter than the yellowish or purplish corolla.
On Adenostoma roots. May to June. Mrs. Trask (in herb. N. Y.) ; Brand-
cgee list. We have not found the species which cannot be very common on
the island.
Order 23. PLANTAGINALES.
Characters of the only family in the order — as follows:
244 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Family i. PLANTAGINACE^.
plantain family
Herbs, with basal, or, in the caulescent species, opposite or alter-
nate leaves, and small perfect polygamous or monoecious flowers
bracteolate in spikes or heads, or rarely solitary. Calyx 4-parted,
inferior, persistent, the segments imbricated. Corolla hypogynous,
scarious or membranous, mostly marcescent, 4-lobed. Stamens 4 or 2
(only I in an Andean genus), inserted on the tube or throat of the
corolla; filaments filiform exserted or included; anthers versatile,
2-celled, the sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary sessile, superior,
i-2-celled, or falsely 3-4-celled. Style filiform, simple, mostly longitud-
inally stigmatic. Ovules i -several in each cavity of the ovary, peltate,
amphitropous. Fruit a pixis, circumscissle at or below the middle,
or an indehiscent nutlet. Seeds i -several in each cavity of the fruit:
endosperm fleshy ; cotyledons narrow ; radicle short, mostly straight.
I. PLANTAGO Linn.
Leafy-stemmed, short-stemmed or acaulescent herbs, with oppo-
site, alternate or basal leaves, bearing axillary or terminal spikes or
heads of small greenish or purplish flowers (flowers solitary in a few
exotic species). Calyx- segments equal, or two of them larger. Corolla
salverform the tube cylindric, or constricted at the throat, the limb
spreading in anthesis, erect, spreading or reflexed in fruit, 4-lobed or
4-parted. Stamens 4 or 2. Ovary 2-celled, or falsely 3-4-celled;
ovules T -several in each cavity. Fruit a membranous pyxis, mostly
2-celled. Seeds various, sometimes hollowed out on the inner side.
Inflorescence globose :
Leaves narrowly linear entire :
Glabrous or nearly so.
r. Bigelovii.
Cottony especially below.
2. erecta.
Leaves broadly linear dentate:
Cottony below.
3. insularis.
Inflorescence cylindric :
Plants low, spikes short:
Densely floral.
4. dura.
Openly flowered.
S. Parishii.
Plants tall, spikes elongate :
Inflorescence slender, tail-like leaves
incised-
dentate.
6. coronopus.
Inflorescence thick-cylindrical
, leaves
entire.
7. speciosa.
I. p. Bigelovii Gray, Pac. RR. Rept. 4:117 (1856).
Annual, small and slender, 9 cm. or less in height, slightly hirsute :
leaves linear, obtuse, entire, 2.1-4.2 mm. wide, the broader ones ob-
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 245
scurely 3-nerved, shorter than the scape : spike globose, about 4 mni.-
I cm. often shorter and reduced to 4-5 flowers, densely few-many-
flowered : bracts carinate, about the length of the calyx ; calyx-lobes
broadly scarious-margined : lobes of the corolla ovate, remaining open :
stamens and style a little exserted : capsule ovoid-oblong, somewhat
exceeding the calyx, circumscissile at the lower third, 2-celled, 4-seeded :
seeds oblong, not hollowed on the face.
Dry flat places. April to May. Ridge back of the Catholic Church at
Avalon, Millsp. 4479, 4910; Schoolhouse Ridge, Nuttall 1215; Pebble Beach flat,
Millsp. 4745 and flat near Rowland's 4821.
2. P. erecta Morris, Bull. Torr. Club. 27 : 118 (1900).
A low bright or dark green acaulescent annual, generally pubes-
cent or sparingly villous : leaves basal, strict and erect or rarely
spreading, rather slender, several to numerous, narrowly linear, obtuse
at the apex, almost truncately and brown callous-tipped, entire, ustially
involute towards the apex, narrowed to the long slightly clasping
petiole, 40-100 nun. by 1-2.5 mm., 3-ribbed, the outer very near the
margins and frequently forming a part of the involution, pubescent
with spreading hairs : scapes strictly erect or rarely spreading, slender
at the base, gradually dilated and tending to become stout at the base
of the spikes, one to several, surpassing the leaves, 50-200 mm. high,
occasionally higher, appressed pubescent : spikes thick, four- to twenty-
flowered, sometimes many-flowered, erect, oval-capitate to oblong-
cylindrical, 10-20 mm. by 6-8 mm., glabrous or pubescent: bracts small,
rigid, thick, herbaceous, scarious-sided, about one-half as long as the
sepals, ovate, obtuse or acute, with a few spreading hairs to sparingly
villous ; flowers perfect : calyx with spreading hairs, its divisions thick,
herbaceous, scarious-sided, green to brownish, oblong, obtuse, 3 mm.
long: corolla with the tube just surpassing the calyx, its lobes strongly
reflexed, two or three times as long as the constricted dark brown
throat, orbicular, obtuse or abruptly apiculate, 2.25 mm. by 2 mm.,
white : stamens shorter than the petals or very long-exserted from the
tube : pyxis one-third surpassing the calyx, ovate, truncate or retuse,
4-5 mm. by 2 mm., circumscissile at the lower third, purple : seeds two,
dark brown, oblong, finely pitted.
On dry open ridges. May to June. Brandegee list; Lyon (as P. patagon-
ka) ; dry hillside near Pebble Beach, Parish 10750; Equestrian Trail and Middle
Ranch Canyon, Nuttall 600, 688, 689; Salta Verde, Knopf 338.
3. P. insularis Eastw. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 3, 1 : 112 (1898).
Canescent with long, fine, silky hairs, very dense on the peduncles
below the spikes : leaves broadly lanceolate-acuminate, narrowed to a
broad petiole, a few callous teeth on the margin, 3-nerved, 5-9 cm.
long, 5-12 mm. wide; peduncles 4-10 cm. long, rather stout: spikes
oblong-linear, 1-2 cm. long, 8-10 mm. wide, densejy flowered: bracts
broadly ovate, about equalling the calyx; corolla 2.5 mm. in diameter,
with ovate-orbicular, abruptly acuminate lobes, brown at base; stamens
246 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
and style exserted ; seeds two, cymbiform as in P. Patagonica and its
allies.
Dry slopes and ridges. March and April. Trask many specimens collected
from near sea level up to the slopes of Black Jack.
4. P. dura Morris, Bull. Torr. Club. 27:113 ( 1900) .
.\ green sub-caulescent annual, with a hard woody root, generally
short-villous, glabrous when very old : leaves crowded, erect, numerous,
linear, tapering to the acute apex, callous-tipped, entire, narrowed a
little to the slightly margined petiole having a semi-clasping base,
about 150 mm. by 5 mm., 3-nerved, the outer very near the margin,
villous to glabrate : scapes erect, stout, terete, several to numerous,
equalling and surpassing the leaves, 100-250 mm. high, pubescent to
villous : spikes many-flowered, conspicuous, coarse, thick, erect, cylin-
drical, 30 mm. by 8 mm. villous : bracts rigid, herbaceous, scarious-
sided on the lower third, two or less times as long as the calyx, nar-
rowly lanceolate, widest at the base, at least the lowest distinctly
callous-tipped, 6mm. or less by 2mm., white villous: flowers perfect:
calyx villous on the midribs, its divisions scarious, with brown rigid
midribs, narrowly obovate, obtuse, 3 mm. long: corolla lobes spreading
and reflexed, orbicular-ovate, obtuse, 2 mm. by 2 mm., white : stamens
four, about equalling the petals : pyxis one-third surpassing the calyx,
narrowly ovate, obtuse, 3 mm. by 2 mm., circumscissile below the mid-
dle : seeds two, dark brown, narrowly ovate, finely pitted.
On dry slopes and ridges. Marcli to May. Trask ; Pebble Beach, Nuttall 304.
5. P. Parishii Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb, 56 :6i (1918).
A slender annual more or less reddish throughout, 5-10 cm. high.
Stem short appressed strigose-hirsute ; leaves smooth or sub-glabrous
narrowly linear, somewhat attenuate, apex short cuspidate, 2-5 cm.
long, 1-2 mm. broad; spikes oblong or linear-oblong, 17-22 mm. long
by 3 mm. broad ; dorsal bracts plainly convex, cuspidate, about 2 mm.
long, minutely appressed-pubescent ; sepals similar or sub-obtuse, the
margins suberose-ciliate, about 2.5 mm. long; flowers disclosed, seg-
ments of the corolla narrowly lanceolate, subacuminate ; capsule about
2 mm. long somewhat shorter than the sepals.
On the flat at Pebble Beach. March 31, igi6. 5. B. Parish 10751 type. Not
since found.
6. P. coronopus Linn. Sp. PI. 115 (1753).
A polymorphous hirtellous annual with the fleshy leaves rosulate
or erect. Leaves lanceolate-linear in general outline, sharply and
acutely pinnate-dentate. Peduncles 9-16 cm. long, longer than the
leaves, erect, closely strigose-hirtellous ; spikes tail-like, 6-10 cm. long,
2.5-3.5 "^iT^- thick, densely appressed flowered ; bracts ovate, acute or
acuminate, shorter than the calyx ; corolla small, lobes lanceolate acute ;
pyxis circumscissile about the middle; seed oblong, flattened.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugii & Nuttall 247
Flat situations near the sea. March to June. Trask ; Brandegee (as P.
itniritima); Pebble Beach flat, Parish J0749, Pendleton 1431; Millsp. 4750, Nuttall
187; at the Isthmus, Nuttall 218. RAT TAIL PLANTAIN.
7. P. speciosa Morris, Bull. Torr. Club. 28:120 (1901).
A green acaulescent annual with a rather coarse root: leaves
crowded, erect, numerous, linear, long-tapering to the acute apex,
callous-tipped, with scattered slender callous teeth, the petioles not
distinguishable, 70-120 mm. by 2-3 mm., 3-nerved, glabrate on the
upper surface to wooUy-lanate throughout : scapes ascending to erect,
rather stout, several to numerous, equalling to surpassing the leaves,
70-120 mm. high, appressed pubescent: spikes many-flowered, coarse,
hoary, conspicuous, erect, cyHndrical, 20-40 mm. by 8 mm. : bracts
rigid, herbaceous, scarious-sided below the middle about the length of
the calyx, triangular-lanceolate, widest at the base, blunt at the apex,
3-4 mm. long, silky-villous : calyx divisions scarious, with brown or
purple midribs, obovate-oblong, rounded, 3-3.5 mm, long: corolla con-
spicuous its lobes strongly reflexed orbicular-ovate, obtuse, 2 mm. by
2mm., very white, summit of the throat very dark brown: stamens
four, just exserted from the tube: style equalling the lobes: pyxis
surpassing the calyx, broadly oval, obtuse, 3 mm. by 2 mm. circumscis-
sile at or just below the middle : seeds two, very dark brown, oblong,
rough.
Dry or moist sunny hillsides. March to May. Lyon, Trask, Brandegee (as
P. patagonica) ; near Avalon, G. B. Grant 1000, 2412 type, 3755; Millsp. 4912;
Schoolhouse Ridge and Equestrian Trail, Nuttall 10, 716; Coach Road between
Howland's and Cherry Valley, Millsp. 4822. RIBBON PLAINTAIN.
fP. obversa Morris is reported by Abrams (Fl. Los. Ang. ed. 2:345)
as "also on Catalina." This reference may be to a specimen of P.
speciosa. We find no Catalina specimen of P. observa in herbaria
nor have our collectors found it on the island].
Order 24. RUBIALES.
Corolla gamopetalous. Anthers separate, the stamens as many
as the corolla -lobes and alternate with them (one fewer in Linnaea of
the Capri foliaceae) or twice as many. Ovary compoimd, inferior,
adnate to the calyx-tube. Ovules i or more in each cavity of the
ovary. Leaves opposite or verticillate.
Leaves stipulate, usually blackening in drying. i. Rubiaceae.
Leaves cstipulate, not blackening in drying. 2. Caprifoliaceae.
Family 1. RUBIACE^.
MADDER FAMILY
Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with simple, opposite or sometimes ver-
ticillate, mostly stipulate leaves, and perfect, often dimorphous- or
248 Field Museum of Natural IIistoky — Botany, Vol. V.
trimorphous, regular and nearly symmetrical flowers. Calyx-tube
adnate to the ovary, its limb various. Corolla funnelfomi, club-shaped,
campanulate, or rotate, 4-5-lobed. Stamens as many as the lobes of
the corolla and alternate with them, inserted on its tube or throat.
Ovary i-io-celled; style simple or lobed; ovules i-co in each cavity.
Fruit a capsule, berry, or drupe. Seeds various ; seed-coat mem-
branous or crustaceous; endosperm fleshy or horny (rarely wanting
in a few genera) ; cotyledons ovate, cordate, or foliaceous.
I. GALIUM Linn.
Herbs, with 4-angled slender stems and branches, apparently ver-
ticillate leaves, and small flowers, mostly in axillary or terminal cymes
or panicles. Flowers perfect, or in some species dioecious. Calyx-tube
ovoid or globose, tlie limb minutely toothed, or none. Corolla rotate.
4-lobed (rarely 3-lobed). Stamens 4, rarely 3 ; filaments short ; anthers
exserted. Ovary 2-celled ; ovules one in each cavity. Styles 2, short :
stigmas capitate. Fruit didymous, separating into 2 indehiscent carpels,
or sometimes only i of the carpels maturing. Endosperm horny ;
embryo curv^ed; cotyledons foliaceous.
Annual, weak stemmed. 1. Aparine.
Perennial, stiff stemmed :
Leaves in 4's, linear :
Plants glabrous. 2. angustifolium.
Plants cinereous-puberulent. 3. siccatum.
Leaves narrowly oblong to ovate-lanceolate :
Plants crispid-hirsute. 4. catalinense.
Leaves short, ovate, pointed. 5. miguelense.
1. G. Aparine Linn. Sp. PI. 108 (1753).
Annual, weak, scrambling over bushes, 3.3-15.2 dm. long, the stems
retrorsely hispid on the angles. Leaves in 6's or 8's, oblanceolate to
linear, cuspidate at the apex, 2.6-7.6 cm. long, 4.2-10.5 mm. wide, the
margins and midrib very rough ; flowers in 1-3-flowered cymes in the
upper axils; peduncles 1-3 cm. long; fruiting pedicels straight; fruit
4.2-6.3 mm. broad, densely covered with short hooked bristles.
Moist, shady situations. March to May. Gambel, Lyon, Trask (as G.
Vaillanti); Coach Road at the Wishbone, Smith 5021, Nuttall 51; Pebble Beach
Flat, Millsp. 4753; Equestrian Trail. Nuttall 701; Pebble Beach Road, Knopf 23.
BEDSTRAW.
2. G. angustifolium Nutt. Gray. Bot. Calif. 1 1285 (1880).
Shrubby at base with erect or ascending stems, 3.3-12.2 dm. high,
glabrous : the branches rigid or strict, smooth on the angles : leaves in
fours, linear, mucronate-acute, rigid, i -nerved, veinless, with barely
scabrous margins : cymes small and numerous in a narrow panicle :
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugii & Nuttall 249
flowers very small, greenish-white : fruit hispid or hirsute, with
straight bristles not longer than itself.
Grassy or shrubby hillsides and sandy situations. January to June. Lyon;
Trask; Brandegee ; McClatchie ; Avalon Valley, Smith 4974, Macbride & Pay-
son 842, Carlson 844, Millsp. 4771; Pebble Beach Road, Pendleton 1359, Reed
2823, Hall 8280, Hasse, Nuttall 109; foot trail to Summit, Nuttall 14, Knopf
/23; Descanso Canyon, Millsp. 4500; Pebble Beach Canyon and Piedra Escalera
Canyon, Nuttall 206, 700.
T,. ,G. siccatum Wright, Zee 5 :54 (1900).
Perennial, 3.3-12.2 dm. high, erect and very much branched and
bushy when growing in some situations, or reclining in others ; the
whole plant cinereous-puberulent ; leaves in fours, not rigid, linear,
8.4-16.8 mm. long, i -2.1 mm. broad, barely mucronulate, midrib not
prominent ; inflorescense cymose-paniculate, flowers polygamous, green-
ish-yellow, numerous; fruit 2.1 mm. broad, densely hispid with straight
bristles.
Overhanging banks of streamlets. January to June. Avalon Run beyond
the Golf Links and in Swain's Canyon, Millsp. 4517, 4600.
4. G. catalinense Gray, Syn. FI. Suppl. 445 (1886).
Herbaceous perennial, hispidulous-puberlent or glabrate, unarmed :
stems erect, 9.i-i2dm. high, mostly simple with short flowering
branches which little surpass the larger leaves ; its nodes usually with a
tumid ring: leaves in fives or fours, narrowly oblong, obtuse, mucron-
ate, one-nerved (rarely by the union of two leaves 2-nerved), either
sessile by a contracted base or short-petioled ; at the insertion within
bearing some obscurely glandular bristle-shaped appendages : flowers
on short slender pedicels, perhaps polygamous : corolla white (4.2 mm.
in diameter) : young fruit sometimes naked and smooth, sometimes
beset with soft and straight bristles of about the length of the body.
Rocky slopes and sunny cliffs. January to July. Lyon; Trask; Brandegee ;
break off and rocks along Pebble Beach Road, Grant 3762, Grant & Wheeler
490/2882 (as G. buxifolium) , Pendleton 1358, 1380, Reed 2801, Millsp. 4639,
Nuttall 289, Knopf 22, 281; Rattlesnake Canyon, Millsp. 4680; Pebble Beach
Canyon, Nuttall 207. CATALINA BEDSTRAW.
5. G. miguelense Greene, Pitton. i ;34 (1887).
Suffrutescent, evergreen, the prostrate stems 15.3-45.8 cm. long,
whole plant covered with a sparse retrorse pubescence : leaves oval,
acute, 3-5 mm. long, dark green, coriaceous, in age deflexed and almost
imbricated on the branches : berry large, glabrous, pearl-white : flower.s
not seen.
In the chaparral near Avalon. July 19, 1915. Macbride & Payson 843 in
herb. Gray, Cambridge, where it is labeled tentatively G. grande. The specimen
agrees as well as possible with Greene's type from San Miguel.
250 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Family 2. CAPRIFOLIACEJE.
HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY
Shurbs, trees, vines, or perennial herbs, with opposite simple or
pinnate leaves, and perfect, regular or irregular, mostly cymose flowers.
Stipules none, or sometimes present. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary,
its Jimb 3-5-toothed or 3-5-lobed. Corolla gamopetalous, rotate, cam-
panulate, funnelform urn-shaped, or tubular, the tube often gibbous at
the base, the limb 5-lobed, sometimes 2-lipped. Stamens 5 (very rarely
4), inserted on the tube of the corolla and alternate with its lobes;
anthers oblong or linear, versatile. Ovary inferior, i-6-cclled; style
slender ; stigma capitate, or 2-5-lobed, the lobes stigmatic at the summit ;
ovules anatropous, i or several in each cavity. Fruit a i-6-celled berry,
drupe, or capsule. Seeds oblong, globose, or angular ; seed-coat mem-
branous or crustaceous, smooth or cancellate; embryo usually small.
placed near the hilum ; radicle terete ; cotyledons ovate.
Leaves pinnately compound. i. Sambucus.
Leaves simple:
Corolla short, campanulate, shrubs. 2. Svmphoricarpos.
Corolla long, tubular, vines. 3. Lonicera.
I. SAMBUCUS Linn.
Trees or shrubs, with stout branches containing thick white or
brown pith, and buds with several scales. Leaves petiolate, unequally
pinnate, deciduous, with serrate or laciniate leaflets, the base of the
petiole naked, glandular or furnished with a stipule-like leaflet ; stipels
small, leaf-like, usually setaceous, often O ; stipules small, rudimentary,
usually O except on vigorous shoots. Flowers small, in broad terminal
corymbose cymes, their bracts and bractlets lanceolate, acute, scarious.
caducous, sometimes ebracteolate ; calyx-tube ovoid, the limb 3-5-lobed
or toothed ; corolla rotate or slightly campanulate, equally 3-5-parted ;
filaments filiform or subulate; ovary inferior or partly superior, 3-5-
celled ; style abbreviated, thick and conic, 3-5-lobed, stigmatic at apex.
Fruit subglobose, with juicy flesh, and 3-5 oblong cartilaginous punc-
tate-rugulo.se or smooth i -seeded nutlets full and rounded on the back
and rounded at the ends. Seeds filling the cavity of the nutlets, pale
l)rown ; cotyledons ovoid.
I . S. caerulea Raf. Alsog. Ana. 48 (1838). Plate V, f- i .
Sambucus glauca Nutt. T. & Or. Fl. 2 : 13 ( 1841 ) .
Bushy or arborescent, 2-5 m. high, the largest specimens tree-like ;
leaves coriaceous, glabrous ; leaflets 5-7, lanceolate, ovate or obovate,
Flora OF Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 251
mostly abruptly acuminate, serrate except at the acuminate apex,
2.5-8 cm. long; inflorescence 5-rayed, each ray again 1-3 times 5-rayed,
forming a flat-topped cyme, 8-15 cm. broad; flowers white, 7mm.
broad ; fruit blue beneath the white bloom.
A large tree with a trunk up to two feet diameter. On alluvial washes in
the larger canyon mouths. January to May (mostly March to May). Lyon,
Trask, Brandegee ; Avalon Canyon, a large tree on the Golf Links Smith 5001 ;
Pebble Beach Canyon, Knopf 68, 181, 243; Banning's and White's Landings,
Millsp. 4587. ELDER, SAUCO. A tea made of the flowers, and drunk hot,
induces copious perspiration.
2. SYMPHORICARPOS Dill.
Shrubs, with opposite deciduous short-petioled simple leaves, and
small white or pink, perfect flowers, in axillary or terminal clusters.
Calyx-tube nearly globular, the limb 4-5-toothed. Corolla campanulate
or salverform, regular, or sometimes gibbous at the base, 4-5-lobed,
glabrous or pilose in the throat ; stamens 4 or 5, inserted on the corolla.
Ovary 4-celled, 2 of the cavities containing several abortive ovules, the
other two each with a single suspended ovule; style filiform; stigma
capitate, or 2-lobed. Fruit an ovoid or globose 4-celled, 2-seeded berry.
Seeds oblong ; endosperm fleshy ; embryo minute.
I. S. mollis Nutt.T.&Gr.Fl. 2:4 (1841).
Low, diffuse or decumbent, softly and usually densely pubescent ;
leaves oval, small (12.7 mm. or less than 2.6 cm. long) : flowers few, in
terminal clusters or in upper axils : corolla short and broad, inconspicu-
ously bearded or pubescent inside : stamens equalling the corolla : style
shorter.
Canyon bottoms in rich soil in shade. February to June. Lyon; Trask;
Brandegee; Pebble Beach Canyon, Eastwood 6451 (as 5". ciliatus) ; Nuttall 202;
Knopf 175; Millsp.; Cherry Canyon, Smith 5088; Big Wash Canyon, Knopf
252; Hamilton Canyon, Millsp. 4704: Nuttall 202, Knopf 84; Bulrush Canyon,
Knopf 356. SN0WBP:RRY.
3. LONICERA Linn.
Erect or climbing shrubs, with opposite mostly entire leaves ;
flowers spicate, capitate or geminate, usually somewhat irregular.
Calyx-tube ovoid or nearly globular, the limb slightly 5-toothed. Cor-
olla tubular, funnelform, or campanulate, often gibbous at the base,
the limb 5-lobed, more or less oblique, or 2-lipped. Stamens 5, inserted
on the tube of the corolla ; anthers linear or oblong. Ovary 2-3-celled ;
ovules numerous in each cavity, pendulous; style slender; stigma capi-
252 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
tate. Berry fleshy, 2-3-celled or rarely i -celled, few seeded. Seeds
ovoid or oblong with fleshy endosperm and a terete embryo.
I. L. catalinensis Millsp. sp. nav.
Vitis crassa usque ad 16 m. alta; caulibus subpurpureis, minute
puberulentis. FoHa coriacea, ovata, 4x2-10x5 cm., basi orbiculata et
plus minusve inaequalia, apiculata, facie superiore rugosa nitidaque,
facie inferiore minute puberulenta ; petiolis circ. 0.5 cm. longis ; stipulis
late ovatis, circ. 0.5 cm. latis, saepe ad multa juga foliforum absentibus.
Inflorescentia verticillato-spicata usque ad 10 cm. vel plus longa, inter-
nodis longis et minute pubescentibus, non viscidis ; floribus plerumque
quinque in quaque verticella, dense aurantiacis vel nitido-coccineis ;
calyce globoso, circ. 1.5 mm. longo, gutture constricto; dentibus trangu-
laribus minimis coronam facientibus ; corolla falcata, in gemma ad 2 cm.
longitudine expandenti, intra se longo-pilosa ; labro superiore anguste
ovato ac apice lobis 4 ovatis vestito, labro inferiore ligulato, integro, ad
tubulum retrocrispato ; filamentis longo-pilosis ad circ. medium. Baccae
claro-rubrae, diametro 8 mm. ; serainibus 4, ovatis, complanatis,
3.2 x 2 mm.
Canyon bottoms near rivulets. May to June. Lyon (as L. hispidula vacil-
lans Gray) ; Trask (as L. hispidula Dougl.) ; Brandegee (as L. hispidula and
the vars. subspicata and vacillans) ; Palmer 7/254] McClatchie; Grant (as L.
calif ornica) ; Avalon Valley, Pendleton 1390, Reed 2380, Nuttall gi, 151, 341,
728, 766; Graveyard Canyon, Knopf 139 Type, 172; Rock Spring and Pebble
Beach Canyons, Smith 5058, 5104; Big Wash Canyon and Equestrian Trail,
Nuttall 876, 160; White's Landing, Hall 8272; Gallagher's Canyon "festooning
the oaks. Inflorescence greasy" Jepson 3037: Swain's Canyon, Millsp. 4599;
Isthmus, Eastwood 6509. WILD HONEYSUCKLE.
Order 25. CAMPANULALES.
Herbs, rarely shrubs, the corolla gamopetalous, or petals sometimes
separate in Cucurbitaceae. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes
(fewer in the Cucurbitaceae) ; anthers united (except in Ambrosia-
ceae). Ovary inferior.
Flowers not in involucrate heads :
Vines, with monoecious or dioecious flowers. i. CucuRBrrACEAE.
Herbs, with perfect flowers. 2. Campanulaceae.
Flowers in involucrate heads :
Flowers all expanded into rays, juice milky. 3. Cichoriaceae.
Flowers nearly tubular, juice not milky:
Stamens distinct or nearly so. 4. Ambrosiaceae.
Stamens united into a tube by their anthers. 5. Carduaceae.
Family i. CUCURBITACE^.
MELON FAMILY
Herbaceous vines, usually with tendrils. Leaves alternate, petioled,
generally palmately lobed or dissected. Flowers monoecious or
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 253
dioecious. Calyx-tube adnata to the ovary, its limb usually 5-lobed, the
lobes imbricated. Petals usually 5, inserted on the limb of the calyx,
separate, or united into a gamopetalous corolla. Stamens mostly 3
(sometimes i), 2 of them with 2-celled anthers, the other with a i-
celled anther; filaments short, often somewhat monadelphous. Ovary
1-3-celled ; style terminal, simple, or lobed ; ovules anatropous. Fruit a
pepo, indehiscent, or rarely dehiscent at the summit, or bursting irreg-
ularly ; or sometimes dry and membranous. Seeds usually flat ; en-
dosperm none.
I. MICRAMPELIS Raf.
Mostly climbing herbs, with branched tendrils, lobed divided or
angled leaves, and small white or greenish-white monoecious flowers.
Calyx-tube campanulate, 5-6-toothed. Corolla very deeply 5-6-parted.
Stamens 3 in the staminate flowers ; the anthers more or less coherent.
Pistillate flowers with a 2-4-celled ovary; style very short; stigma
hemispheric or lobed. Fruit fleshy or dry at maturity, densely spiny, i-
2-celIed, dehiscent at the summit.
I . M. macrocarpa Greene, Pitton. 2 : 129 (1890) .
Echinocystis macrocarpa Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad, i : 188 ( 1885) .
Nearly glabrous ; stems much branched, climbing over shrubs, from
a very large fusiform root; leaves about 15.3cm. broad, with a closed
sinus, 5-cleft to the middle or below it, the divisions slightly 3-5-lobed,
mucronate: fruit ovoid-oblong, 7.6-12.7 cm. long, usually densely
echinate with spines which, though stout are rather soft, longest often
exceeding 5.1cm., 6-14-seeded, 12 of the seeds arranged ascendingly
or imbricately, in four cells, the other two lying horizontally across the
base of the fruit, both attached to the same side : seed obovoid, 19 mm.
long, light brown, encircled by a dark, marginal line.
Western facing canyon slopes everywhere. Blooms the year around. Baker,
reported from a scrap only in herb. Gray, as (Megarrhiza Marah); Lyon, (as
Megarrhiza calif ornica) ; Brandegee as (Echinocystis fabacca and giiadaloupcn-
sis) ; Avalon vicinity and Gallagher's Canyon, Eastwood 6454, 6474, 6532 (as
Marah microcarpa) ; Avalon Valley, Smith 5006, Millsp. 4481 ; Descanso Canyon
and Big Wash Canyon, Nuttall 56, 914; Rattlesnake Canyon, Millsp. 4857; Middle
Ranch Canyon, Knopf 274, 349. Also reported as Marah fabacca, Echinocystis
Marah and Meqarrhiza fabacea. CHILICOTHE, WILD CUCUMBER, ELE-
PHANT ROOT. BIG ROOT.
Family 2. CAMPANULACE^.
bellflower family
Herbs (some tropical species shrubs or even trees), with alternate
exstipulate simple leaves, acrid and usually milky juice, and perfect
254 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
flowers. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, its limb mostly 5-lobed or 5-
parted, the lobes equal or slightly unequal, valvate or imbricate in the
bud. commonly persistent. Corolla gamopetalous, regular or irregular,
inserted at the line where the calyx becomes free from the ovary, its
tube entre, or deeply cleft on one side, its limbs 5-lobed, regular, or more
or less 2-lipped, or corolla rarely divided into separate petals. Stamens
5, alternate with the corolla-lobes, inserted with the corolla ; filaments
separate or connate ; anthers 2-celled, introrse, separate, or united into
a ring or tube. Ovary 2-5-celled (rarely 6-io-celled), with the placentae
projecting from the axis, or i-celled with two parietal placentse; style
simple ; stigma mostly anatropous. Fruit a capsule or berry. Seeds
numerous, small ; embryo minute, straight ; endosperm fleshy.
I. SPECULARIA Heist.
'Annual herbs, with alternate toothed or entire leaves, the stein and
branches long, slender. Flowers axillary, sessile or nearly so, 2-bracted,
or the upper panicled in some exotic species, the earlier (lower) ones
small, cleistogamous, the later with a blue or purple nearly rotate
corolla. Calyx-tube narrow, the lobes in the earlier flowers 3 or 4, in
the later 4 or 5. Corolla 5-lobed or 5-parted, the lobes imbricated in
the bud. Filaments flat; anthers separate, linear. Ovary 3-celled
(rarely 2- or 4-celled) ; ovules numerous; stigma usually 3-lobed. Cap-
sule prismatic, cylindric, or narrowly obconic, opening by lateral valves.
Seeds ovoid, oblong, or lenticular.
1. S. biflora (R. & P.) F. & M. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. x:iy (1835).
Campamila biflora R. & P. Fl. Peru, 2 155 ( 1799).
Legousia biflora Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5 1309 ( 1894) .
Glabrous, or nearly so ; stem simple or branched, very slender,
roughish on the angles, i. 5-5.1 cm. high. Leaves ovate, oblong or the
upper lanceolate, sessile, acute or obtuse at the apex, crenate with a few
teeth, or entire, 8.4-21 mm. long, or the upper smaller; earlier flowers
with 3 or 4 ovate to lanceolate calyx-lobes, those of the later flowers 4
or 5, lanceolate-subulate, longer; capsule oblong-cylindric, 6.3-10.5 mm.
long, opening by valves close under the calyx-teeth.
In canyon bottoms generally in shade under somewhat moist banks. May
to June. Pebble Beach Canyon, Tra.sk who mentions (Eryth. 7:141) finding an
abnormal specimen having 4 stigmas and 6 stamens. The following specimens
are all normal : Brandegce ; Pebble Beach Road and Cherry Canyon, Smith
5060, 5085; at the sharp angle of the Equestrian Trail, Nuttall 246. VENUS'
LOOKING-GLASS.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh &: Nuttall 255
Family 3. CICHORIACE^.
CIIICORV FAMILY
Herbs (in our genera), almost always with milky, acrid or bitter
juice, alternate or basal leaves and yellow, rarely pink, blue, purple
or white flowers in involucrate heads. Bracts of the involucre in i to
several series. Receptacle of the head flat or flattish, naked, s^:aly
(paleaceous), smooth, pitted or honeycombed. Flowers all alike (heads
homogamous), perfect. Calyx tube completely adnate to the ovary,
its limb (pappus) of scales, or simple or plumose bristles, or both,
or wanting. Corolla gamopetalous with a short or long tube and a
strap-shaped (ligulate) usually 5-toothed limb (ray). Anthers con-
nate into a tube around the style the sacs sagittate or auricled at the
base, not tailed, usually appendaged at the summit, the simple pollen-
grains usually 12-sided. Ovary i-celled; ovule i anatropous; style
very slender, 2-cleft or 2-lobed, the lobes minutely papillose. Fruit
an achene. Seed erect ; endosperm none ; radicle narrower than the
cotvledons.
Pappus none or paleaceous.
I. MiCROSERlS.
Pappus of plumose bristles :
Achenes truncate.
2. Stephanomeria.
Achenes beaked.
3. Rafinesquea.
Pappus of capillary bristles :
Achenes not flattened :
Achenes beakless, plants caulescent.
4. Malacothrix.
Achenes beaked, plants acaulescent.
5. Taraxacum.
Achenes flattened :
Achenes beaked.
6. Lactuca.
Achenes beakless.
7. SONCHUS.
I. MICROSERIS Don.
Herbaceous plants, mostly acaulescent or short-stemmed, glabrous
or slightly puberulent. Leaves chiefly in a basal tuft, pinnatifid with
mostly linear and often falcate lobes or entire in the same species.
Peduncles i -headed. Main bracts of the involucre nearly equal but
with short outer ones at base, or unequal and loosely imbricated.
Ligules short, yellow, inconspicuous in dried specimens. Achenes
slender-fusiform or turbinate or cyltndric, ribbed, mostly truncate.
Pappus : paleae 5-10, each with a more or less elongated scabrous or
short-plumose awn.
Achenes attenuate to a beak : pappus white or
brownish. i. lineari folia.
Achenes truncate : pappus dull brown or sordid. 2. Lindleyi.
256 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
1. M. linearifolia (DC.) Sch-Bip. Poll, xii-xxiv : 308 (1866).
Calais linearifolia DC. Prodr. 7 185 ( 1874) ,
Uropappus linearifolius Nutt. Proc. Am. Phil. See. 2, 7 1425
(1841).
Microseris anomala Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22 1475 ( 1887) .
Plant from 1-4 or 6dm. high: stems or peduncles often several
from the base, erect, the peduncle in robust plants thickened or fistu-
lous under the oblong head: leaves linear, 8-15 cm. long, 1-5 mm. wide
and v^rith 2 or 3 to several pairs of more or less salient lobes, or entire;
achenes attenuate above into a beak, usually black; pappus deciduous,
from silvery white to sordid, 12-15 ^nm. long including the very delicate
awn, this about one-half the length of the deeply notched palea.
On grassy hillsides. Brandegec; Cherry Canyon, Smith 5089; Nuttall 29,
52, 345, 554, 719; Isthmus Road 747; Knopf 36; Bulrush Canyon, Knopf 401;
Pebble Beach Canyon, Millsp. 4833.
2. M. Lindleyi (DC.) Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9 :2io (1874).
Calais pleuriseta Greene Pitton. i : 30 ( 1 887 ) .
Stem short or scarcely any but the stout naked scapes or scape-
like peduncles usually 2-5 dm. high, scarcely thickened under the head ;
herbage glabrous or furfuraceous-puberulent when young; leaves as
in the previous species but rather broader ; achenes commonly reddish-
brown to gray, slightly narrowed toward the truncate summit ; pappus
dull-brown or sordid, persistent, at maturity 12-15 or 18 mm. long
including the awn which rises from a shallow notch and is but little
shorter than the mature palea.
In similar locations to the last species. Brandegee list; Catholic Church
and Rattlesnake canyons, Millsp. 4799, 4^5^-
2. STEPHANOMERIA Nutt.
Tall and rather slender herbs the stems either strict or paniculately
branched. Upper leaves reduced to herbaceous bracts. Heads small,
3-20-flowered. Flowers pink or flesh-color, open in the early morning,
ligules all equal. Involucre cylindric or rarely campanulate. Recep-
tacle flat. Achenes oblong, short-linear or somewhat turbinate, strongly
angled, glabrous, often rugose, truncate at each end the broad base
hollowed at the insertion. Pappus-bristles white or sordid, more or
less plumose.
I. S. virgata Benth. Bot. Sulph. Voy. 32 (1844).
Ptiloria virgata Greene, Pitton. 2 : 130 (1890) .
Stems rigid, virgate or with usually virgate branches, sometimes
widely and paniculately branched, 3-20 or even 40 dm. high ; herbage
usually glabrous ; lower leaves oblong or spatulate, often sinuate or
pinnatifid ; upper leaves linear small and entire ; heads subsessile along
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 257
the naked branches, mostly 4-16-flowered ; invohicre 7 mm. high ; ligules
reddish-purple on the back, lighter on the upper surface, sometimes
clear white; achenes subclavate or oblong, longitudinally ribbed, the
interspaces more or less rugose and traversed by a deep, narrow
groove ; pappus clear white, plumose almost throughout, fragile but the
base commonly persistent.
Open, dry, bare hillsides. January to July. Brandcgee, Lyon (as Stephano-
mcria panicuhita, Nutt.) ; Avalon, Eastwood 65-^0; Rusby (N. Y., Field) ; Des-
canso Canyon, MiUsp. 4534; Avalon vicinity, Nuttall 354, 603. 1009; Knopf 253.
3. RAFINESQUEA Nutt.
Stout and sometimes fistulous glabrous branching annuals. Leaves
toothed or pinnatifid. Panicle more or less cymosely branching. Heads
15-30-flowered. Involucre in anthesis conical-cylindraceous. Flowers
white, the outer ligules more or less tinged with rose-color; ligules
unequal. Receptacle flat, naked. Achenes terete, with a few obscure
ribs, excavated at the insertion but with callous thickening. Pappus-
bristles capillary, 10-15, long-plumose from the base to near the tij).
I. R. californica Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 7 :429 (1841).
Nemoseris californica Greene, Pitton. 2:193 (1891).
Robust, branching above, 3-25 dm. high ; leaves oblong in outline,
pinnatifid to denticulate or almost entire, sessile and auriculate-clasp-
ing or the lowermost narrowed to a winged petiole, 15 cm. more or less
long; those of the inflorescence much reduced and often spinulose-
toothed and angular; involucre 16-18 mm. high or 11-15 or even 22
linear or lanceolate-acuminate, main bracts with some loose subulate
ones at the base ; ligules short, white ; beak of the achene as long as
the body; pappus dull white.
Open dry places in scrublands. June to August. Brandegee list; sea cliflfs
near Avalon, Nuttall 293.
4. MALACOTHRYX DC
Chiefly herbaceous plants, a few woody at base, commonly with a
radical cluster of leaves, the stems either leafy or almost naked.
Heads small or medium size, solitary or panicled, never sessile, com-
monly nodding in the bud. Flowers yellow, white or pinkish. Re-
ceptacle bristly or naked. Achenes short, truncate at apex, crowned
with an entire or denticulate border, io-15-ribbed, terete, or 4 or 5 of
the ribs stronger than the others rendering the achene somewhat 4-5-
angled. Pappus-bristles soft, scabrous, more or less united at the
base and falling away together, or with 1-8 stronger ones which are
more persistent.
258 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, \'ol. V.
r. M. saxatilis (Nutt.) T. & G. Fl. 3 -.446 (1842).
Lcncoseris saxatilis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 7 1440 (1841).
Diffuse or decumbent from a suffrutesccnt base, 3-6 or more dm.
high; iherbage succulent, minutely tomentose when young; leaves
lanceolate to spatulate, mostly obtuse and entire but some of the lower
ones toothed or pinnatifid; involucre 10-15 mm. ^'i&h, its branches
linear-attenuate, the outer ones very short; ligules white or centrally
striped with rose or with a broad deep purple line ; achenes 10-15 ribbed
about 5 of the ribs stronger than the others, crowned with a minute
denticulate white border ; persistent pappus-bristles none.
On shelving rocks and loose gravelly talus near the sea. December to July.
Brandcgee; Lyon; Sea shore near Avalon, Trask, Smith 5036: Reed 2820;
Hall 8279; Pendleton 1355; Eastwood 6445; McClatchie (N. Y., Field) ; White's
Valley, Knopf 146, 254; Millsp. 4471; Nuttall 27^, loio, 1130: Szvain's Canyon,
623. SNAKE'S HEAD, LAVA DAISY.
5. TARAXACUM liallcr.
Perennial acaulescent herbs with pinnatifid or toothed leaves all
in a basal tuft and large heads of yellow flowers terminating usually
simple and naked hollow scapes. Principle bracts of the involucre
nearly equal, the outer much shorter and in several series. Receptacle
flat, naked. Rays 5-toothed at the truncate summit. Achenes oblong
or linear-fusiform, 4 or 5-angled, 5-io-ner\^ed, somewhat spinulosc
above, tapering into a slender beak bearing at its summit a copious
pappus of unequal persistent bristles.
1. T. Taraxacum (Linn.) Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 1138 (1880-3).
Leontodon Taraxacum Linn. Sp. PI. 798 (1753)^
Taraxacum vulgare Schrank Prim. Fl. Salisb. 193 (1792).
Taraxacum officinale Web. Prim. PI. Hoist. 56 (1780).
Taraxacum Dens-Leonis Desf. Fl. Atlan. 2:228 (1800).
Root thick, long, bitter ; leaves oblong or spatulate in outline, irreg-
ularly dentate to sinuate-pinnatifid, from a few cm. to approximately
3 dm. long, usually pubescent when young and somewhat succulent ;
inner bracts of the involucre linear or linear-lanceolate, acute, 10-15
mm. long, outer ones similar but shorter, reflexed ; flowers yellow ;
pappus brownish or white raised in a globular mass upon the long,
filiform beak of the achene.
A European immigrant, hardly, as yet naturalized. A single specimen found
in a lawn at Avalon, Millsp. 4S83. DANDELION.
6. LACTUCA Tourn.
Tall leafy-stemmed herbs with panicled heads of yellow flowers
(in our species). Leaves alternate. Involucre cylindrical or conical
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 259
when in fruit, its bracts imbricated in two or more series of unequal
lengths. Rays 5-toothed at summit. Achenes obcompressed, i.e. flat-
tened parallel to the bracts, 1-5-nerved on each face, contracted into a
beak which bears at its dilated summit a copious very soft and white,
or brown, capillary pappus the hairs of which fall separately.
r. L. virosa Linn. Sp. PI. 795 (1753)-
Lacttica Scariola Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2:1119 (1763).
Biennial, green and glaucous ; stem stifif, leafy, usually paniculately
branched, glabrous throughout or bristly hirsute at the base, 18-70 dm.
high. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, spinulos-e margined, pinna-
tifid or denticulate, sessile or auriculate clasping, the lowest sometimes
25 X 8 dm., the upper much smaller ; midrib spinulose or hispid ; heads
4-8 mm. broad, 6-12-flowered, very numerous in an open panicle ; invo-
lucre cylindric, 2-3 mm. thick, its outer bracts about one-third the
length of the inner ; rays yellow ; achenes obovate-oblong. about as
long as the filiform beak; pappus white.
Drj-, gravelly situations. July to August. Arroya of Rock Spring canyon
near the road bridge, Nuttall 604. PRICKLY LETTUCE.
Our Catalina specimens represent a form that, while presenting the usual
leaf form of the species, has strong hispid-pubescence on both surfaces of the
leaves as well as on the midribs and margins, and the branches of the inflor-
escence. Of this Prof. B. L. Robinson says : "I have spent some time searching
for any mention of such a variation and have consulted a good many European
Floras but entirely without success. I find no material of the species in the
Gray Herbarium which shows a similar hispidity either among our American or
Old World specimens. Further search might disclose some account of this
peculiarity which is sufficiently noteworthy to put your Catalina specimens on
record."
7. SONCHUS Linn.
Leafy-stemmed coarse succulent herbs, chiefly smooth and glauc-
ous. Heads cymose or umbellate, swollen at the base or jug-shaped.
Involucral bracts few, thin, with many shorter ones at the base ; these
becoming callous-thickened. Flowers yellow'. Achenes obcompressed,
ribbed, not beaked. Pappus copious of cottony-white exceedingly soft
and fine hairs, mainly falling together.
Involucral bracts thick, fleshy. i. tenerrimus.
Involucral scales thin :
Achenes minutely rugose-scabrous. 2. oleraceus.
Achenes smooth. 3. asper.
! . S. tenerrimus Linn. Sp. PI. 794 (1753).
Much branched, 3-10 dm. or less high, very leafy up to the short
pendunculate heads ; herbage glabrous ; leaves oblong in outline the lin-
ear or narrowly lanceolate lobes commonly cuspidate and either spinu-
26o Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
losely denticulate or entire ; bracts thick and fleshy at their bases ;
achenes longitudinally striate and transversely rugose.
A native of Europe introduced on several of the Channel Islands where
it has the appearance of being native.* On rocks, in clefts, of a water course
and on moist slopes, Trask (N. Y., Field) ; Brandegee ; in the dry bed of the
canyon south of Chicken Johnny's, Millsp. ■}o44-- Cherry Canon, Smith 5089a,
Knopf 224,
2. S. oleraceus Linn. Sp. PI. 794 (1753).
A nearly simple-stemmed annual, 3-30 dm. high ; leaves with the
terminal segment commonly large and triangular, denticulate or
toothed; lower leaves petioled; uppermost sessile and commonly
lanceolate; peduncles occasionally glandular-hirsute; involucres 8-16
mm. high, the bracts thin; achenes longitudinally ribbed and trans-
versely rugose.
A native of Europe now established as a weed in waste places. January
to June. Moist situations near Avalon, McClatchie; Millsp. 4528, 4714, 4884;
Nuttall 574. SOW THISTLE.
3. S. asper (Linn.) Hill, Herb. Brit. 1 147 (1769).
Sonchus oleraceus asper Linn. Sp. PI. 794 (1753).
Very similar to the preceding species, but the leaves sometimes
undivided and commonly clasping by an auricled base, the auricles
rounded ; margins spinulose-denticulate ; peduncles often conspicu-
ously hirsute with spreading gland-tipped hairs ; achenes flat, marg-
ined v/ith a narrow wing and longitudinally ribbed, the intervals be-
tween the ribs smooth but the ribs as well as the marginal wing rugu-
lose.
A native of Europe now commonly established in California with the pre-
vious species. January to June. Trask (N. Y., Field) ; Brandegee. Waste
grounds in the vicinity of Avalon, Smith 4981, 4982; Millsp. 4539; Nuttall 93,
J73; Gallagher's Canyon and Middle Ranch, Millsp. 4864; 4603; Knopf 45, 222;
growing 7 feet high in Cottonwood Canyon, Knopf 380. PRICKLY SOW
THISTLE.
Family 4. AMBROSIACEiE.
RAGWEED FAMILY
Annual or perennial herbs, monoecious or sometimes dioecious,
many of them weeds ; some shrubby ; leaves' alternate or the lower
opposite ; heads small composed of greenish or white flowers subtended
by an involucre of few, separate or united, bracts, the pistillate heads
sometimes larger and nut- or bur-like. Staminate and pistillate flowers
*Thos. Nuttall collected this species at San Diego and, considering it a
native species peculiar to California named his plant Sonchus tenuifolius in
Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. n. s. 7:438 (1841). San Diego, Millsp. 4427.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 261
in the same heads or in separate heads. Receptacle chaff}'. Pistillate
flowers with no corolla or this reduced to a short tube or ring ; calyx
adnate to the i -celled ovary, its limb none or a mere border; style 2-
cleft. Staminate flowers with a funnel form, tubular or obconic 4-5-
lobed corolla ; stamens mostly 5, separate, or their anthers merely con-
nivent, not truly syngfenesious, with short inflexed appendages ; ovary
rudimentary ; summit of the style often hairy or pencillate.
Staminate heads with united involucral bracts :
Pistillate involucre prickled in one row only. i. Ambrosia.
Pistillate involucre prickled in several rows. 2. Gaertneria.
Staminate heads with separate involucral bracts :
Pistillate involucre prickly throughout. 3. Xantjiium.
1. AMBROSIA Linn.
Coarse perennial monoecious herbs in our flora with mainly alter-
nate pinnatifid leaves and inconspicuous greenish flowers. Staminate
heads nodding, in erect ament-like leafless racemes ; involucral bracts
united into a broadly turbinate cup ; receptacle with slender bracts
subtending at least the outer flowers ; corollas funnelf orm, 5-lobed.
Pistillate heads in the axils of the upper leaves at the base of the
staminate racemes ; involucre oblong or turbinate, closed, containing
but a single flower ; corolla none ; pappus none ; fruit an achene-like
bur which is beaked or pointed and commonly armed near the tip with
a single row of prickles.
1 . A. psilostachya DC. Prodr. 5 : 526 ( 1836) .
Stems simple, erect, commonly 5-10 dm. high from slender running
rootstocks ; herbage scabrous or short-hirsute, somewhat strigose ;
leaves once or the lower twice pinnatifid with acute lobes ; fruit an
ovoid, turgid bur about 3 mm. long, mostly solitary in the axils, pube-
scent, rugose-reticulate, bearing 4 protuberances, or sometimes un-
armed.
A weed of waste places. July and August. Trask (N. Y., Field) ; Brand-
egee; in the creek bed at Middle Ranch and fields at the Isthmus, Nuttall 661.
810. WESTERN RAGWEED.
2. G/ERTNERIA Med.
Herbs or shrubs with chiefly alternate leaves and in habit flowers
and inflorescence similar to Ambrosia. Pistillate heads 1-4-flowered;
the involucre closed, 1-4-celled and 1-4-beaked or beak-pointed;
prickles in several rows causing the fruit to become a bur.
262 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
I. G. bipinnatifida (Niitt.) Ktze. Rev. Gen. 1:339 (1891).
Pranscna bipinnatifida Nutt. Tr. Am. Phil. See. 2, 7 1344 (1841).
Franseria bipinnatifida dubia Eastu'. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 3,
1:117 (1897).
Stems procumbent, 6-10 dm. long from an herbaceous perennial
root, somewhat hirsute; leaves 3-10 cm. long, twice or thrice pinnately
parted into oblong lobes, canescent or almost silky; staminate heads in
dense terminal spikes or racemes ; fruiting involucre ovate- fusiform
armed with thick, somewhat flattened, spines, some of which are curved
at the tip but not at all hooked.
Coastal sands and dunes. July to Atigust. Trash; Brandcgee ; Howland's
Landing, Xuttall >Su8; Little Harbor, Knopf w6.
3. XANTHIUM Linn.
Coarse annual weeds with widely branching and very stout s"tems.
Leaves alternate, toothed or lobed, petioled. Heads unisexual, the
flowers greenish. Staminate heads subglobose, in a terminal cluster ;
involucre of several distinct narrow bracts in i or 2-series; receptacle
cylindrical ; flowers many, separated by the bracts of the receptacle ;
corolla tubular. Pistillate heads axillary, below the staminate ; invo-
lucre closed forming, in fruit, an ovoid or oblong indurated bur covered
with hooked prickles, i or 2-beaked, 2-celled each cell containing one
flower, corolla none ; pappus none ; style 2-cleft its branches exserted
through a canal in the beaks.
Plants spinous, bur about 1 cm. i. spinosuin.
Plants not spinous, bur about 3 cm. 2. pennsylvanicum.
I. X. spincsum Linn. Sp. PI. 987 (1753).
Stem puberulent, much branched ; leaves lanceolate or ovate-
lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 2-4-lobed, the upper sometimes entire,
narrowed at the base into a short petiole, green above white pubescent
beneath, axillary spines 2.5 cm. long, 3-pronged, yellow ; corolla pube-
scent with short, rusty hairs; fruit narrowly oblong, 10-12 mm. long,
sparsely beset with weak, hooked prickles, beaks inconspicuous, com-
monly one rudimentary the other spine-like.
Stony places and bottoms. January to September. Rock Spring Canyon
arroya, Mrs. Trask (N. Y., Field. She says (1Q02) : "rare, one locality only") ;
McClatchk ; Smith 3168; Millsp. 4500; field border beyond the saw mill, Niittall
251; McClatchie (N. Y., Field). A large patch of the plant grows on the level
above the stream in Cape Canyon about three-quarters of a mile up from the
bridge at Middle Ranch— .l/i7/.y/>. SPINY CLOTBUR.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 263
2. X. pennsylvanicum Wallr. Beitr. Bot. i, II 1236 (1844).
Xanthium calif ornicum and acutitm Greene, Pitton. 4:62 (1899).
Xantlmtm canadcnse of various Los Angeles Co. records.
Stems somewhat slender, scabrous or smooth below, 3-9 dm. high ;
leaves deltoid-ovate or cordate, acute, 3-5-lobed, minutely setose and
appressed scabrous 0.7-2 dm. long equal to or exceeding the leaves ;
fruits narrowly cylindrical, oblong, ovate- fusiform or ovoid, the body
glabrous or glabrate or with short glandular pilosity, 1-2 cm. long by
5-8 mm. thick, openly prickled ; beaks slender or thick glandular-pu-
bescent below smooth near the always incurved apex, 4-6 mm. long,
mostly sub-remote, strict and diverging.
A common weed along ditches and in waste places on the mainland. Only
found, on Catalina, along Manilla Ave. and its extension around Reservoir Hill.
December to September. Millsp. -J-jTO, .1475; Nuttall 790; Banning Valley, Knopf
1S7. COCKLEBUR.
Family 5. CARDUACEJE.
thistle family
Herbs, rarely shrubs with watery or resinous sap and opposite
alternate or basal estipulate leaves. Flowers perfect, pistillate, or
neutral, or sometimes monoecious or dioecious, borne on a common
receptacle forming heads subtended by an involucre of few to many
bracts arranged in one or more series. Receptacle naked or with
chaflfy scales subtending the flowers, or variously pitted or honey-
combed. Calyx-tube completely adnate to the ovary, the limb (pap-
pus) of bristles, awns, teeth, scales, or crown-like or cup-like, or want-
ing. Corolla tubular, usually 5-lobed or 5-cleft, the lobes valvate or
that of the marginal flowers of the head expanded into a ligule (ray) ;
when the ray florets are absent the head is said to be discoid; when
present, radiate ; the tubular flowers form the disk. Stamens usually
5, borne on the corolla and alternate with its lobes, their anthers united
into a tube (syngenesious), often appendaged at the apex, sometimes
tailed at the base, or sagittate; poUen-grainsr globose, often rough or
prickly. Ovary i -celled; ovule i, anatropous; style of the fertile
flowers 2-cleft, its branches often variously appendaged ; stigmas
marginal ; style of fertile flowers commonly undivided. Fruit an
achene. Seed erect; endosperm none ; embryo straight.
Corollas tubular, all regular (heads discoid) or only
the marginal ligulate (heads radiate) :
Anthers not tailed at base :
Receptable naked.
Style-branches thickened upward. Tribe i. Eupatorieak.
Style-branches not thickened upward :
Involucral bracts imbricated :
Style branches flattened and with
264 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
distinct terminal appendage. Tribe 2. Astereae.
Style branches truncate, not
appendaged. Tribe 3. Anthemideae.
Involucral bracts in few series :
Pappus of paleae, awns or bristles. Tribe 4. Helene.\e.
Pappus of numerous fine
bristles. Tribe 5. Senecionideae.
Receptacle with chaffy bracts :
Heads not unisexual, anthers united :
Bracts not infolding ray achenes. Tribe 6. Heliantheae
Bracts infolding ray achenes. Tribe 7. Madieae.
Anthers tailed at base.
Anthers unappendaged at tip. Tribe 8. Inuleae.
Anthers strongly appendaged
at tip. Tribe 9. Cvnareae.
Corollas all bilabiate, anthers tailed. Tribe 10. Mutisieae.
Tribe I, EUPATORIEAi — Herbs and shrubs with opposite or
alternate mostly undivided leaves. Receptacle flat or somew^hat convex,
rarely spherical, usually naked. Heads always discoid and the flowers
hermaphrodite-fertile. Corolla regular, purple, reddish, bluish or
white, never yellow. Anthers not tailed at the base. Style-branches
semi-cylindric, elongated, more or less clavate or thickened upward,
obtuse, stigmatic lines only near the base and inconspicuous.
I. BRICKELLIA Ell.
Herbs or undershrubs (our species woody-stemmed perennials)
with opposite or alternate veiny leaves. Heads small or medium-sized.
Involucre cylindric to canipanulate, 5-50-flowered ; bracts chartaceous
or membranaceous, striate, the outer ones successively shorter in most
species. Receptacle naked. Corollas white or whitish, slender, 3-
toothed at summit, the teeth mostly glandular externally. Achenes
To-costate. Pappus a single series of scabrous or plumose capillar)-
bristles.
I. B. cahfornica (T. & G.) Gray, PI. Fendl. 64 (1849).
A straggling, moderately branched bush, 5-10 dm. high; herbage
minutely puberulent to thinly tomentose ; leaves alternate, ovate,
crenate-dentate, mostly 2-4 cm. long, short-petiolate, usually with broad
truncate or subcordate base but the small upper ones narrowed to the
petiole ; heads in small clusters terminating lateral branchlets of the
leafy panicle, or the branchlets very short, the inflorescence then an
interrupted strict thyrsus; involucre Q-ii mm. high, io-15-flowered;
outer bracts roundish, very obtuse: inner bracts narrower, the inner-
most linear and somewhat acute.
Gravelly stream-beds and chaparral slopes. June to September. Brand-
egee ; Lyon; Avalon valley beyond the Saw Mill, Nuttall 829.
Our specimens grew in rich soil on the borders of a cultivated field and
have much larger leaves than usual elsewhere (up to 7x6cm.).
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 265
Tribe 2, ASTEREJE — Ours all herbs or shrubs with alternate
leaves and scentless herbage (but sometimes resinous or gummy).
Bracts of the involucre commonly vv^ell imbricated (nearly equal in
Erigeron and Conyza) . Receptacle naked in our genera. Disk flowers
mostly yellow, perfect in all ours save Baccharis. Rays present or
wanting. Anthers obtuse at the base. Style-branches of perfect
flowers flattened, conspicuously margined by the stigmatic lines, tipped
with a hispid or papillose appendage (this character sometimes quite
obsolete). Pappus mostly of awns or bristles not truly paleaceous in
Catalina genera,
Rays present, yellow :
Ray achenes without pappus. i. Heterotheca.
Ray achenes with pappus.
Annuals. 2. Pentachaeta.
Perennials. 3. Solidago.
Rays present, not yellow :
Pappus reduced, scanty or wanting. 4. Corethrogyne.
Pappus well developed :
Rays longer than the diam. of disk. 5. Erigeron.
Rays not longer than the diam. of disk. 6. Leptilon.
Rays none :
Stems suff rutescent :
Flowers permanent yellow. 7. Isocoma.
Flowers yellow, turning brown. 8. Hazardia.
Flowers whitish. 9. Baccharis.
Stems herbaceous. 10. Conyza.
I. HETEROTHECA Cass. '
Tall hairy herbs with alternate toothed leaves and radiate heads
of yellow flowers in a terminal cymose panicle. Involucre hemispheric
or broadly campanulate its narrow bracts closely imbricated in many
series. Both ray and disk-flowers numerous and fertile. Ray-achenes
triangular-compressed with flat sides and narrow beak, their pappus
none or caducous. Disk-achenes compressed, silky-hirsute, their pappus
double, the copious inner bristles long, capillary and scabrous, the outer
of short bristles or scales.
1. H. grandiflora Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 7:315 (1841).
Diplopappus scaber Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 :22 (1829). Excl. syn.
Usually simple below, 5-20 dm. high ; herbage villous-hispid or
hirsute the inflorescence viscid-glandular and strong-scented ; leaves
ovate varying to elliptic or oblong, serrate ; the radical and lower cauHne
long-petioled, the upper sessile, commonly with a pair of stipule-like
lobes at the base ; heads numerous and in an open panicle when flower-
ing in the autumn, few and scattered at other seasons ; involucre
7-9 mm. high; rays about 30; pappus of disk-flowers as long or longer
than the achene, in age brick-red, its outer series inconspicuous.
Common along ditches and in open, dry, waste places up to 1200 ft. Jan-
uary to October. Millsp. 4494: Nuttall jys, 570. 607, 611, 847, 864; Knopf ii(;.
266 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
2. PENTACH^TA Nutt.
Low and very slender annuals with narrowly linear and entire al-
ternate leaves. Heads small, solitary or somewhat clustered at the ends
of more or less naked branches, nodding in the bud. Receptacle convex.
Involucre turbinate-campanulale, its bracts in 2 series, narrowly oblong,
thin or membraneous, scarious margined, mucronulate, appressed.
Disk-corollas yellow or rose-red, very slender ; rays white, pink, yellow
or none. Achenes oblong, flattened, hirsute-pubescent. Pappus of 5-12
slender bristles, often much reduced or all obsolete.
r. P. Lyoni Gray, Syn, Fl. 1,2 \aAS (1884).
Erect, simple below or branched throughout, 1-5 dm. high,
herbage lightly pubescent, at least the stems glabrate ; leaves 2-5 cm.
long ; involucre about 5 mm. high, conspicuously hirsute with slender
hairs ; bracts nearly equal, linear, acute to subulate-acuminate, with
green midrib and scarious margins ; flowers golden-yellow ; pappus
bristles varying from 8-12 in number, somewhat dilated at base.
Open, dry situations. March to September. Lyon (Gra)-, Field) ;* Brand -
cgee.
3. SOLIDAGO Linn.
Perennial herbs with alternate leaves. Heads small, the raceme-
like clusters aggregated into a pyramidal or spike-like panicle, or in one
California species the heads cymose. Bracts of the involucre narrow,
thin or chartaceous, mostly destitute of herbaceous tips, imbricated in
2 or more series. Rays short, yellow as also are the disk-flowers.
Pappus-bristles slender, numerous, in one or two series, equal and dull
white in our species. Achenes terete, 5-12-nerved.
I. S. calif ornica Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 7 : 328 (1841).
Stems rigid, simple below the terminal panicle, the whole plant
6-12 dm. high or in the mountains sometimes only 1.5 dm.; herbage
green and scabrous or grayish with a minute rough pubescence ; leaves
oblong, acute at apex, tapering below to a narrow base or short petiole ;
*Lyon says, Bot. Gaz. 11:201: "A new species of Pentachaeta, found
originally near San Pedro in the spring of 1884 and confined to the area of a
few square yards, was the following year traced to its original habitat on Cat-
alina Island. The spot where found on the mainland has been for twenty-five
years past constantly used for pasturing sheep just disembarked from that
island, and the case cited is probably as direct evidence of the agency of ani-
mals in seed distribution as any that could be quoted ; nevertheless, with every
circumstance conspiring during very many years to favor its introduction in
manifold, the total "crop" of 1884 might readily have been the product of one
fertile akene growing and maturing the previous year."
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 267
the lower varying to oblong-ovate and serrate, obtuse, sometimes 1 dm.
long ; the upper smaller, narrow and entire ; panicle usually compact
and 5-20 cm. long, composed of raceme-like clusters (reduced to a sim-
ple raceme in dwarf plants, the branches numerous, elongated, and
somewhat secund in well developed forms); involucre 4mm. high;
bracts oblong-linear or lanceolate, rather obtuse, somewhat pubescent ;
rays 7-12, light yellow, 2 mm. long ; disk-flowers rather more numerous ;
achenes pubescent.
Dry, open situations. Julv to December. Known to us onlv from one
locality, Trask (N. Y., Field)." GOLDENROD.
4. CORETHROGYNE Nutt.
Perennial herbs, some sufifrtitescent at base resembling Aster,
flowering mostly in summer and autumn. Herbage whitened when
young with a cottony tomentum which is often deciduous in age. Heads
solitary, or cymose, or paniculate. Involucre hemispheric to turbinate,
the bracts with green or herbaceous tips. Rays violet-blue or purple ;
disk yellow. Anthers tipped with subulate appendages. Style-append-
ages flat, truncate, comose or with a bearded tuft at summit. Achenes
pubescent, those of the ray sterile Disk-pappus reddish-brown, of
rigid capillary bristles ; ray-pappus reduced or wanting.
I . C. filaginifolia (H. & A.) Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 7 :290
(1841).
Aster f filaginifolius H. & A. Bot. Beechy 146 ( 1833) .
Slender, erect 5-10 dm. high, woody below; herbage arachnoidly
tomentose, the tomentum sometimes deciduous, the inflorescence then
glabrous or minutely glandular ; leaves oblong-spatulate or oblanceolate,
the lower ones narrowed to a petiole and sparingly serrate toward the
apex, the upper sessile and inclined to be entire, those of the inflor-
escence reduced to bracts ; heads solitary and terminal on the branchlets
or more numerous and loosely panicled ; involucre campanulate or
broadly turbinate, 7-8 mm. high or more, its bracts imbricated in 4 or 5
series, narrowly lanceolate, erect; rays 15-25, violet.
Open, drv situations generally. January to October. Common. Trask
(N. Y., Field); Reed 2816, 2835; Pendleton 1394; McClatchie (N. Y., Field);
Knopf 229, 276; Mills p. 4619, 4620; Nuttall 198, 657, 894.
Inhere are many forms or races of this species, varying in vegetative
characters, on Catalina as well as on the mainland. We can not appreciate
specific distinction in Greene's Corethrogyne lavandulacea (Leafl. 2:27, 1910),
collected by Mrs. Trask, Sept., 1898, from his description. We have not seen
his type.
5. ERIGERON Linn.
Branching or scapose herbs with alternate or basal leaves and
corymbose, paniculate or solitary, peduncled heads of both tubular and
268 Field Museum of Natural History — Botanv, Yu\.. V.
radiate (rarely all tubular) flowers. Involucre hemispheric, cylindric
or campanulate, its bracts narrow, nearly equal, mostly imbricated in
but I or 2 series. Receptacle nearly flat, usually naked. Ray-flowers
white, violet or purple, pistillate. Disk-flowers yellow, tubular, perfect,
their corollas mostly 5-lobed. Anthers obtuse and entire at the base.
Style-branches more or less flattened, their appendages short, mostly
rounded or obtuse. Achenes flattened, usually 2-nerved. Pappus-
bristles fragile, slender, scabrous or denticulate, in i -series or often an
additional outer short series.
I. E. foliosus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 7:309 (1841).
Plant 3-6 dm. high ; stems many from an herbaceous perennial
base, erect, simple up to the open cymose inflorescence; herbage
roughened with short rigid pustulate incurved hairs, especially on the
leaves, or nearly glabrous ; leaves rigid, very fragile when dry, linear,
1.5-4 cm. long, 2-4 or 6 mm. wide, only the upper ones reduced; invol-
ucre strigose-pubescent ; rays about 30-40, violet or purple, 6-8 mm.
long; achenes linear-oblong, the margins thickened, pubescent with
spreading setiform hairs; pappus apparently simple but usually with a
few short inconspicuous outer bristles.
Open, dry situations up to 1,000 ft. alt. May to October. Vicinity of
Avalon and Pebble Beach, Lyon (Gray; Field); Brandegee ; Eastwood 6498;
Pendleton 1410; Reed 2843; Nuttall 196, 359, 576, 709, 1208; Knopf 155.
There are many races of this species which includes Erigeron stenophyllus
Nutt. FLEABANE.
6. LEPTILON Raf.
Annual or biennial herbs with small racemose thyrsoid or
panicled heads of white flowers ; rays small, usually shorter than the
diameter of the disk, or none. Involucre mostly campanulate its narrow
bracts in 2 or 3 series. Receptacle naked. Ray-flowers pistillate ; disk-
flowers perfect, their corollas usually 4-lobed or 4-toothed, the anthers
obtuse at the base ; style-branches somewhat flattened, their appendages
short, Achenes flattened. Pappus of numerous, simple, fragile bristles
in I series.
Involucre glabrous i. canadense
Involucre pubescent. 2. linifolium.
I. L. canadense (L.) Britton, Brit. & Br. III. Fl. 3:391 (1898).
Erigeron canadensis Linn. Sp. PI. 863 ( 1 753 ) ,
Stem simple, erect, 6-25 dm, high ; herbage hispid with scattered
hairs or nearly glabrous ; leaves linear to lanceolate the lowest spatulate
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 269
or narrowed to the petiole, 5-7 or 8 cm. long, mostly entire but the
lower often acutely toothed or lobed ; heads small, very numerous in a
sometimes dense terminal panicle ; involucre 4 mm. high, either per-
fectly glabrous or the outer bracts sparsely pubescent ; ray-flowers
numerous, their ligules white, shorter than or scarcely exceeding the
pappus ; pappus simple.
A weed of waste places. January to October. McClatchie; vicinity of Ava-
lon. Millsp. 4508, Nuttall 767, 990. HORSEWEED.
2. L. linifolium (Willd.) Small Fl. SE. U. S. 1231, 1340 (X903).
Erigeron linifolius Willd. Sp. 3 : 1955 ( 1810) .
Rather strict, 2-y dm. high from an annual or biennial root ; herb-
age somewhat hispid, also scabrous with a minute appressed pubescence ;
leaves narrowly spatulate to linear, 3-10 cm. long (the upper grad-
ually shorter) , all but the lower entire ; heads rather few, in a loose
j>anicle ; involucre 4-5 mm. high ; its bracts linear-subulate, all copiously
pubescent ; ligules very small, shorter than the style and the pappus,
white ; pappus simple, sordid and becoming ferruginous.
In moister situations than the last. March to October. Hillside bluflf
Cherry Valley, Millsp. 4826; old field at Isthmus, Nuttall 815.
7. ISOCOMA Nutt.
Somewhat woody plants with elongated rigid stems and thickish
closely sessile leaves. Herbage never resinous-punctate. Heads rayless,
collected into glomerules which are either terminal on short lateral
branchlets or disposed in a terminal cymose cluster. Involucral bracts
coriaceous, closely imbricated, the tips herbaceous but appressed.
Flowers permanently yellow. Corolla-tube slender, the throat ventricose
or obliquely dilated, its segments erect or more or less connivent about
the style. Style appendages subulate-lanceolate or broader. Achenes
longitudinally striate or ribbed, silky-pubescent or hirsute. Pappus of
numerous sordid bristles, the innermost longest and often distinctly
flattened.
I. I. vemonioides Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 7 1320 (1841).
Isocoma veneta vernoniodes Jeps. Fl. W. Mid. CaHf. 560 (1901).
Plant 4-12 dm. high, half woody at the branched base above which
the stems are commonly simple up to the cymose or paniculate in-
florescence ; herbage from minutely scabrous to villous-arachnoid, rarely
glabrous; leaves oblanceolate, spatulate, or cuneate-oblong, 1-3 cm.
long or the lower twice this length and the numerous fascicled ones
much shorter, acutely toothed or the upper narrow ones often entire ;
involucre narrowly to broadly turbinate, 7 or 8 mm. high, 15-35-flow-
ered, its bracts with distinct green tips, commonly granulose on the
270 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
back and with ciliate or erose white margins, varying from obtuse to
acute and cuspidate in the same head, sometimes bearing an indistinct
resinous gland ; achenes linear turbinate.
Common in open situations on dry soil. January to October. The Bigel-
ovia vencta of Brandegee and Lyon lists. Smith 5i(>3; Millsp. 447^, 4547, 4^15,
4776 • Nuttall 259, 760, 796, 840; Eastwood 6491; Pendleton 1377; McClatchie
(N. Y., Field).
A very variable species that has been published in many varieties and forms
the characters of which intergrade showing mere races; these include Greene's
Isocoma microdonta, latifolia, villosa, sedoides and decumbens.
8. HAZARDIA Greene.
Shrubs or suffrutescent plants with brittle ascending stems.
Herbage tomentose, or glandular, or quite glabrous, never resinous
punctate. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, entire to spinulose-serrate.
Heads chiefly paniculate, 20-40-flowered, turbinate or broader, ar-
ranged in spikes, racemes or panicles. Involucral bracts numerous,
closely imbricated. Rays yellow, changing to purple, or wanting.
Disk corollas yellow, changing to brownish-purple. Style-
appendages very slender, almost terete, minutely pubescent but
neither comose nor with a bearded tuft at the summit. Achenes
linear, 4-6-nerved. Pappus reddish.
1 . H. squarrosa (H. & A.) Greene, Eryth. 2:112 (1894) .
Haplopappiis squarrosus H. & A., Bot. Beech. 146 (1833).
Suft'ruticose at base, 6-10 dm. high, the erect stems somewhat
branching and leafy ; herbage finely pubescent and somewhat gluti-
nous ; leaves oblanceolate to obovate, obtuse but the strong midrib
usually ending in a sharp point, somewhat clasping at the closely
sessile base, sharply serrate; heads racemose or paniculate, often
2 or 3 together in a close cluster; involucre turbinate, 10-12 mm.
high ; bracts imbricated in many series, the acutish tips of at least
the outer ones recurved or squarrose-spreading; rays none ; achenes
glabrous or sparsely pubescent.
Dry hillsides. March to October. Vicinity of Avalon, McClatchie (N. Y.,
Field) ; Trask (N. Y., Field) ; Nuttall 791, Knopf 192, 225; Wells Beach Can-
yon, Millsp. 4829.
9. BACCHARIS Linn.
Perennials, mostly shrubs but some herbaceous from a woody
base, commonly resinous or glutinous, rarely pubescent. Leaves alter-
nate. Heads many-flowered. Involucre imbricated. Flowers whitish
or yellowish, dioecious. Staminate flowers with tubular corolla slightly
dilated at the throat," the limb cleft into 5 linear lobes: ovary abortive.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 271
style present. Corolla of the pistillate flowers very slender and thread-
like, obscurely toothed at the apex, the teeth erect, not spreading.
Pappus in the stei'ile plant of scanty capillary bristles ; in the fertile
copious and often very long.
Evergreen shrubs :
Leaves cuneate-obovate, up to 2-cm. long i. pilularis
Leaves willow-like, up to lo-cm. long 2. vitninea
Herbaceous perennials :
Leaves lanceolate, glabrous 3. Douglasii
1. B. pilularis DC. Prodr. 5:407 (1836).
Baccharis consangninea DC. Prodr. 5 :4o8 ( 1836) .
A compactly branched shrub, 1-3 m. high or much lower and
sometimes prostrate when growing near the sea ; branchlets angular ;
leaves sessile, cuneate-obovate, very obtuse, i or 2 cm. long, coarsely or
sinuately few-toothed or occasionally entire ; heads solitary or several
in the axils or in terminal clusters on the numerous leafy branchlets,
short-cylindric or ovoid ; involucre 4 mm. high, the outer bracts broadly,
the inner narrowly oblong sometimes denticulate at the apex ; achenes
lo-nerved; pappus of the fertile flowers abundant, becoming 10 mm.
long, that of the staminate flowers dilated at the apex.
Dry situations near the coast. May to October. Bran de rice and Lyon
lists; Mrs. Trask, September, 1897 (U. S., Field).
2. B. viminea DC. Prodr. 5 1400 (1836).
Baccharis caerulescens DC. loc. cit. 402.
Distinctly shrubby and willow-like with strict, slender, woody
stems 2-4 m. high, very leafy and producing very numerous short,
lateral, flowering branches, striate angled ; herbage scarcely glutinous ;
leaves narrowly lanceolate, acute at each end, entire or sparingly den-
ticulate. 3-10 cm. long, inconspicuously or not at all 3-nerved; heads
rather numerous in terminal and lateral cymes ; involucre 5 mm. high ;
bracts chartaceous, oblong or the outer ones ovate, destitute of greenish
center, with scarious margins, erose and mostly villous-ciliate ; receptacle
flat ; pappus of fertile flowers apparently smooth but minutely scabrous
under the microscope.
Low, damp places and along streams. January to October. Avalon Valley.
Brandegee; Millsp. 4507; Nuttall 146, 567, 722: Trask (N. Y. ; U. S.; Field) :
Knopf 64. MULE-FAT, GUATEMOTE.
3. B. Douglasii DC. Prodr. 5:400 (1836).
Herbaceous nearly or quite to the base, 18 dm. or less high ; stems
simple up to the terminal cyme or with a few simple ascending
branches ; herbage very glutinous ; leaves lanceolate, attenuate above
tapering below to a short petiole, 3-nerved from the base, 6-12 cm. long,
the upper reduced, serrulate or entire ; heads numerous in a terminal
compound almost naked cyme ; involucral bracts linear or lanceolate-
272 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
linear with greenish center, the scarious margins erose-ciliate ; receptacle
broadly conical ; achenes 5-nerved, pubescent ; pappus of fertile flowers
short and soft, of the sterile ones clavellate at summit.
In damp places in canyon rills. January to October. Brandegec ; Trask;
McClatchie (N. Y., Field) ; creek bed east of Little Harbor and same location
in Cottonwood Canyon, Nutfall 759, 833; Middle Ranch, Millsp. 4604; Knopf 266.
MULE-FAT; GUATEMOTE.
ID. CONYZA Linn.
Herbs, or rarely shrubs with alternate leaves and rather small
heads mostly in cymes or racemes. Bracts of the involucre in two or
more rows, often with membranaceous margins. Receptacle naked.
Pistillate flowers in two or more outer circles ; their corollas slender,
dull white or yellowish, much shorter than the style, with notched or
obscurely ligulate border. Perfect flowers central, mostly fertile.
Achenes small, compressed. Pappus usually a single series of bristles.
I. C.Coulteri Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7:355 (1868).
Stems 2-10 dm. high, erect from an annual root, herbaceous and
leafy throughout, branching above into an oblong panicle of numerous
heads ; herbage viscidly pubescent or short-hirsute with many-jointed
hairs; leaves thin, the lower oblanceolate in outline (often i dm. long),
the main cauline varying to narrowly oblong and closely sessile by a.
broad base (2-5 cm. long), all thin and coarsely toothed; involucres
3mm. (whole head about 5mm.) high; bracts linear-acuminate, the
inner ones scarious, the outer obscurely white-margined; pistillate
flowers numerous, their nearly white corollas only one-half as long as
the style and with obscurely toothed summit; perfect flowers 5-8;
achenes elliptic-oblong, minutely pubescent; pappus dull white, soft,
much exceeding the involucre.
Moist or rich soil. January to August. Vicinity of Avalon, McClatchie
(N. Y., Field) ; ascending to nearly 2-m. at Middle Ranch, Millsp, 4602.
Tribe 3. ANTHEMIDEAE — Mostly strong-scented or aromatic
plants. Leaves alternate, all or some of them finely dissected, pinnately
parted, or pinnatifid, except in a few species. Bracts of the involucre
imbricated, commonly dry and scarious or with scarious margins. Re-
ceptacle naked, or pubescent, or with chaflF-like bracts. Flowers white,
yellow or greenish, either all perfect or the outer ones pistillate or
neutral. Rays present or none. Anthers not caudate. Style-branches
of pistillate flowers obtuse or truncate, destitute of appendage. Pappus
none or a short scarious crown.
Receptacle chaffy:
Heads solitary, rays 10-20 11. Maruta
Heads cymose, rays 4-6 12. Achillea
Receptacle naked :
Heads in panicled racemes or spikes 13. Artemisia.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 273
Heads peduncled :
Small, achenes pedicelled 14. Cotula
Large, achenes not pedicelled 15. Chrysanthemum
II. MARUTA Cass.
Aromatic branching herbs with alternate never entire leaves.
Heads solitary on terminal peduncles. Ray-flowers white or yellow;
disk-flowers yellow. Involucre hemispheric. Receptacle conical, chaffy
toward the summit. Achenes not flattened, glabrous. Pappus none.
I. M. Cotula (L.) DC. Prodr. 6: 13 (1837).
Anthemis Cotula Linn. Sp. PI. 894 (1753).
Annual, 2-6 dm. high, nearly glabrous ; leaves mostly sessile, finely
and pinnately dissected into linear acute lobes ; involucre about 7 mm,
broad, shorter than the disk, its bracts imbricated in several series ;
rays 10-20, white, 8-10 mm. long, at length reflexed; chaff of the re-
ceptacle narrow and acute or bristle-like; achene rugose, lo-ribbed.
Waste places. June to October. Brandegee says: Zoe 1:114, "One of the
recent introductions by waj' of Avalon where it is very large and abundant"
(i88q) ; Dr. Daindson says: Eryth. 1:60, "It covers quite a large area at
Avalon" (1893). Knopf finds it (114) near the Wireless Station on Pebble
Beach road, May m, IQ21 ; on Avalon Hill; and along the Foot Trail to Sum-
mit. GOOSEWEED. MAYWEED.
12. ACHILLEA Linn.
Ours an erect strongly scented perennial herb with finely dissected
alternate leaves. Heads radiate, corymbose at the ends of the stem and
branches. Ray-flowers few, pistillate, fertile. Involucral bracts ap-
pressed, imbricated in few series, the outer shorter. Receptacle nearly
flat, the chaff membranous and subtending fertile disk-flowers. Achenes
linear, or oblong to obovate, obcompressed. Pappus none.
I. A. lanuIosaNutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 7 :36 (1834).
A perennial, with a creeping rootstock ; stem 3-5 dm. high, more
or less densely villous, simple, striate; leaves 5-10 cm. long, rarely
more than i cm. wide, the lower oblanceolate in outline and petioled,
the upper sessile and clasping, linear in outline; primary divisions
lanceolate in outline, ascending, crowded, the ultimate ones linear,
spinulose-mucronate ; rachis scarcely margined ; heads in flat-topped
cor^-mbiform panicles ; involucre campanulate, 4-4.5 mm. high, 3-4 mm.
broad, villous ; bracts about 20, in 4 series, the outer lance-ovate,
obtusish, the inner elliptic or oblong, obtuse, margins light-brown ; ray-
flowers commonly 5 ; ligules white, 2.5-3.5 mm. long, nearly orbicular,
274 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
round-lobed ; disk-flowers about 20 ; corollas 2.5 mm. long, yellowish-
white ; achenes 2 mm. long, with thick margins.
A weed in waste places and fallow fields. January to October. Lyon :
Brandegec (as A. miUefolium) ; Macbride and Payson; dry fields at the Isth-
mus, Millsp. 4617; upper Pebble Beach Road. Knopf 16, 81. YARROW. MIL-
FOIL.
13. ARTEMISIA Linn.
Herbs or shrubby plants, mostly bitter and aromatic, with alter-
nate leaves. Heads small, discoid, nodding or erect, in panicled spikes
or racemes. Flow^ers yellow or purplish, all tubular; disk-flowers per-
fect and marginal ones pistillate, or all perfect. Corolla of the pistillate
flowers 2 or 3-toothed, of the perfect flowers 5-toothed. Involucre im-
bricated, dry and scarious. Receptacle nearly flat to hemispheric, naked
in all our species (except A. Palmeri). Achenes commonly oblong or
olx)void and glabrous, w ith a small terminal areola. Pappus none.
Leaves linear :
Herbage glabrous i. dracunculoides
Herbage canescent at least beneath 2. californica
Leaves broad :
Glabrous or nearly so Z. vulgaris
White-tomentose beneath 4- heterophylla
1. A. dracunculoides Pursh, Fl. 2 :742 (1814).
Plants 6-12 dm. high: stems not woody, either virgately or pani-
culately branched above : herbage glabrous, strong-scented ; leaves
linear, 2-10 cm, long, 2-4 mm. wnde, entire or the lowermost 3-toothed
or -cleft; heads numerous, on very slender short peduncles in a close
or open panicle, the clusters sometimes secund on the slender branches ;
involucre nearly hemispheric, 2 or 3 inm. high ; receptacle hemispheric.
Dry, open situations. July to October. Trask (U. S. ; Field); Beacon
Street Canyon, Avalon, Aug. 10, 1920, Nuttall 786.
2. A. californica Less. Linnsea, 6:523 (1831).
Gray shrub, 6-12 dm. high; herbage aromatic, clothed in a minute
appressed pubescence, varying to green and nearly glabrous ; leaves
once or twice parted into linear-filiform segments, or the upper ones
entire and more or less fascicled ; heads many, in long racemose pan-
icles, nodding ; involucre hemispheric, 2 to 3 mm. high ; achenes with a
minute squamellate crown.
Dry open hillsides. July to November. Brandcgee ; Mrs. Trask (U. S. ;
Field) ; Lyon; Reed 2810, 2811; Pebble Beach Road, Pendleton 1373, 1374;
Pebble Beach Canyon and Middle Ranch, Nuttall 835, 893, gg2, Knopf 42.
Mrs. Trask records individuals of the species 30-36 dm. high with a trunk i.^
dm. in diameter. HILL-BRUSH. SAGEBRUSH.
L'lora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 275
3. A. vulgaris Linn. vSp. PI. 848 (1753).
Perennial; stem glabrous or nearly so, much branched, 3-4.5 dm.
high. Leaves 2.5-ii.5cm. long, deeply pinnatitid linear, oblong, or
somewhat spatulate, pinnatifid, toothed or entire lobes, densely white-
tomentose beneath, dark green and glabrous above, the lower petioled
and often with i or 2 pairs of small lateral divisions at or near the
base of the petiole, the upper sessile, the uppermost sometimes linear
and entire ; heads numerous, erect, about 4 mm. broad, in panicled.
simple or compound spikes ; involucre oblong-campanulate, bracts ob-
long, obtusish, scarious-margined, tomentose or glabrous, receptacle
naked ; central flowers fertile.
A weed in waste places. June to October. Brandegce reported as Art-
emisia ludoviciana. MUGWORT. WORMWOOD.
4. A. heterophylla Nutt. Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. 2, 7 :400 (1841).
Stems erect, woody at base, strict, 6-16 dm. high; leaves 4-10 cm.
long, lanceolate to broadly oblong or elliptic, sparingly pinnatifid (with
downward incisions), cleft, or often entire (especially the upper),
green above white-tomentose beneath ; heads mostly erect, the spikes
in an open or more or less commonly dense terminal panicle, the main
axis leafy below and bracteate above; involucre ovoid, 12-25-flow-
ered, 3 or 4 mm, high, permanently arachnoid.
Moist situations. July to October. Common along the creek in Middle
Ranch Canyon and at Middle Ranch above the buildings, Nuttall 659, 894. The
plants were from 1-3 m. high; the panicles sometimes 0.5 m. long; and the
largest leaves 15x7 dm.
14. COTULA Linn.
Low herbs with mostly alternate leaves. Flowers yellow. Heads
rflender-peduncled, discoid, low-hemispheric. Bracts of the involucre
greenish, nearly equal, in i or 2 ranks. Receptacle flat or nearly so,
naked. Outer series of flowers pistillate only. Disk-flowers with
4-toothed corolla, perfect, fertile or infertile. Mature achenes raised
on pedicels, in our species compressed and spongy-margined or nar-
rowly winged. Pappus none.
Annual; pistillate flowers in 2 or 3 rows i. australis
Perennial ; pistillate flowers in i row 2. coronopifolia
I. C. australis (Sieb.) Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zeal. 128 (1853).
Anacyclus australis Sieb. Spr. Syst. 3:497 (1825-8).
Plants 0.5-2 dm. high, with slender branching stems ; herbage not
succulent, sparsely pubescent with soft spreading hairs; leaves once or
twice pinnately dissected into linear lobes ; heads 2-5 mm. broad ; bracts
of the involucre brownish-tipped with scarious edges ; pistillate flowers
in 2 or 3 rows, pediceled, apetalous ; disk-flowers nearly or quite sessile :
276 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
achenes somewhat compressed, minutely hispid on both faces but the
margin glabrous.
A street waif adventive from Australia. March to June. Very plentiful
in large areas on several town lots in the center of Avalon, Millsp. 4729.
2. C. coronopifolia Linn. Sp. PI. 892 (1753).
Herbaceous perennial, often subaquatic and then rooting from the
lower nodes ; herbage somewhat succulent, glabrous ; stems commonly
many and clustered, decumbent or ascending, 1-4 dm. long; leaves
linear, lanceolate, or oblong, entire to coarsely toothed or pinnatifid on
the same plant, dilated at base into a short sheath around the stem ;
heads depressed, 8-10 mm. broad; pistillate flowers in a single row,
their pedicels becoming one-half as long as the involucre, without
corolla ; disk-flowers on much shorter pedicels.
In moist situations or actually subaquatic. May to August. Trask (N. Y.,
Field) ; Brandcgee; Lyon; mouth of Cottonwood Canyon, June 11, 1922, Knopf
466.
15, CHRYSANTHEMUM [Tourn.] Linn.
Perennial or annual mosly erect and branching herbs with alter
nate, dentate, incised, or dissected leaves and large, usually long-
peduncled heads of both tubular and radiate flowers, or rays rarely
wanting. Involucre hemispheric or depressed, its bracts appressed,
imbricated in several series, the outer shorter. Receptacle flat, convex
or hemispheric, naked. Ray-flowers pistillate, fertile, the rays white,
yellow or rose-colored, entire or toothed. Disk-flowers perfect, fertile,
their corollas with terete or 2-winged tubes and 4-5-cleft limbs. An-
thers obtuse and entire at the base. Style-branches of the disk-
flowers truncate, pencillate. Achenes angled or terete, 5-10-ribbed,
those of the ray-flowers commonly 3-angled. Pappus none or a scaly
cup.
Herbaceous ; rays yellow, erose 1. coronarium
Fruticose ; rays white, entire 2. f rutescens
I. C. coronarium Linn, Sp. PI. 890 (1753).
Herbaceous, glabrous ; stem erect, diffusely branched ; leaves
partly clasping at base, bipinnatifid, lobes lanceolate dilated at apex,
incised serrate; branches nude at summit, i-headed; involucre cam-
panulate, bracts all scarious at apex ; achenes obscurely trigonal, convex
and striate on the dorsum, lateral angles scarsely exserted the median
angle produced into a small wing with a dentiform apex.
A Mediterranean species formerly only known in North America from
Ontario. May to July. In a grain field above the saw-mill in Avalon Valley.
Nuttall 134.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 277
2. C. frutescens Linn. Sp. PI. 1251 (1753).
Fruticose, alwa3's glabrous ; leaves fleshy, pinnatipartite, lobes
small, linear, dentate, the upper divisions three, setose; flowering
branches nude at the prolonged summit, single headed; achenes with
narrowly winged angles.
A Canary Island species not before reported as an established escape on
this continent. March to Augnast. Fully established in ditches and on road-
sides at Avalon, Millsp. 472S.
Tribe 4. HELENErE — Herbs, or a few species suffruticose. Leaves
alternate or opposite, in one subtribe punctate with oil-glands. Heads
radiate or discoid. Involucral bracts mostly in one to three series,
herbaceous or in a few genera with membranous margins. Receptacle
not paleaceous, yet sometimes bristly or hairy. Anthers not caudate.
Pappus of paleas, awns, or bristles, or often wanting.
Leaves all opposite :
Involucral bracts unequal
16. CoiNOGYNF,
Involucral bracts equal
17. Baeria
Leaves alternate, at least above :
Heads discoid
18. Amblyopappus
Heads radiate :
Rays white (or never yellow)
19. Perityle
Rays yellow, herbage white-woolly
20. Eriophyu.um
herbage never woolly
21. Helenium
16. COINOGYNE Less.
Perennial glabrous herbs. Leaves linear, entire, opposite, connate
in pairs at base. Heads medium-sized, many flowered, solitary, termin-
ating the branches. Flowers yellow, the rays pistillate, all fertile.
Involucre cylindraceous-campanulate, its bracts broad and imbricated,
the outermost short. Receptacle naked, conical. Corolla grabrous.
Style-branches of the disk-flowers thickened upward and papillose.
Achenes linear, striately lo-nerved.
1. C. carnosa Less. Linnaea 6 : 521 (1831).
Jaumea carnosa Gray, Wilkes. Exped. 17 : 360 ( 1874) .
Stems rather slender, many from the fleshy crown of the tap-root,
mostly simple, 1-2 or 3 dm. long, decumbent at base and rooting at
the nodes; herbage succulent; leaves semi-terete, about 2.5 (1.5-5)
cm. long; involucre i cm. high; rays mostly 5-10, not longer than the
convex disk ; achenes glabrous ; pappus none.
Saline mud of inlets. July to January. Trask (N. Y., Field) ; Brandegee :
muddy bottom at Ballast Point, Catalina Harbor, Pendleton 1429, Reed 285^.
Millsp. 4613, Nuttall Soj.
17. B.ffiRIA Fisch. & Mey-
Ours low and mostly slender annuals. Herbage commonly pubes-
cent and often glutinous but never hoary. Leaves opposite, linear.
278 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
entire or laciniate-pinnatifid. Flowers yellow, the heads on slender
peduncles. Involucre campanulate or hemispheric, its bracts as many
as the rays, ovate or oblong and becoming more or less carinate below
the middle in most species. Receptacle from hemispheric to subulate,
usually conical. Ray-flowers mostly 5-18, pistillate, showy in com-
parison to the size of the heads, or the ligules sometimes very short.
Disk-flowers hermaphrodite, their style-branches obtuse and either
with or without a minute appendage. Achenes linear but somewhat
broadened upward. Pappus of pales, or awns, or both or none.
I. B. chrysostoma Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 2:29
(1835).
Plant low and with unbranched stems when growing in especially
poor soil ; becoming robust, profusely branched, and 10-25 cm. high
under favorable conditions ; herbage strigulose to hirsute ; leaves nar-
rowly linear, 3 mm. or less wide, entire ; involucre broad, 3-6 mm.
high; bracts 10-15 (or even 18) or in depauperate plants 5-10; ray-
flowers as many as the bracts ; ligules 3-8 mm. long ; style-tips capitate
and seldom, if ever, with a minute apiculation; achenes in the typical
form linear-clavate, slightly rounded at summit, either perfectly smooth
and shining or with minute rounded papillse: Pappus in the typical
form none( ?).
Dry hillsides and sandy levels. March to July. Gambel; Trask (N. Y..
Field); Brandegee ; Lyon (Gray; Field); all as Baeria Palmeri Clementina;
Brandegee (as Baeria gracilis) ; Smith 4995, 5027; Millsp. 4780; Nuttall 3, 241;
Moxlev 748; Knopf 47, 126; Cottonwood Canyon, Knopf 396. GOLD FIELDS,
SUNSHINE, GOLDEN MONTH.
We are entirely unable to find characters in any of the Catalina or main-
land specimens upon which a consistent variety could be based ; while the races
are so many, and the characters so interspersed, that even forms cannot be
designated unless each individual plant is given a form name.
18. AMBLYOPAPPUS Hook. & Am.
Low annual with gummy, sweet-scented herbage. Heads small,
discoid, in loose elongated cymes and racemes terminating the simple
erect stems. Involucral bracts 4-6, rather broad, ovate-oblong. Re-
ceptacle small, conical. Achenes small, 4-angled, narrowed below.
Pappus of 8-12 oblong obtuse palese, often colored.
I. A. pusillus Hook. & Arn. Jour. Bot. 3 :32i (1841).
Aromia tenui folia Nutt, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. 2, 7 : 396 ( 1841 ) .
Plant about 2 (rarely 5) dm. high; leaves alternate, linear, entire
or the lower pinnately 3-5-parted and somewhat opposite ; involucres
3mm. high; flowers 5-25, yellowish.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugii & Nuttall 279
Dry bluffs near the sea. June to August. Trask (N. Y. ; Field); Mc-
Clatchie (N. Y. ; Field); Brandcgee; Lyon; Pebble Beach Road, and bluffs at
the Isthmus, Reed 2812, 2851; Pendleton 1432, 1376; Nuttall 257. COQUIMBO.
19. PERITYLE Benth.
Annual or biennial herbs. Herbage glabrous or viscid-pubescent,
never white-woolly. Leaves petiolate, the upper alternate, the lower
often opposite. Heads numerous, on evident peduncles, many-flow-
ered. Involcural bracts in a single series, the margins overlapping,
faintly keeled externally, shallowly grooved on the inner surface the
groove being occupied by the outer edge of the ray-achene. Disk-
flowers numerous, yellow, 4-toothed. Rays short, white or yellow.
Achenes flat with ciliate or cartilaginous margins. Pappus a squamel-
late or cupulate crown and often a slender awn from one or both of
the angles.
1 . P. Emoryi Torr. Emory's Rep. N. Mex. 142 (1848).
Plant 3-6 dm. high, with striate stems freely branching and widely
spreading from an annual or more enduring root ; herbage viscid and
glandular-pubescent throughout and also somewhat short-hirsute or
glabrate below, ill-scented ; leaves roundish or cordate in outline, in-
cisely 5-8-lobed or -cleft, the divisions acutely few-toothed ; lower
leaves 1.2cm. long, on petioles of equal length; upper smaller, often
nearly sessile; peduncles 1-4 cm. long; heads 7mm. high; outer in-
volucral bracts oblong, acute, ciliate ; inner bracts narrower, scarious-
margined; rays about 12, 2 or 3 mm. long; all the corollas glandular-
pubescent ; style-branches w ith short minutely hirsute appendages ;
achenes flat, oblong to subclavate, black, smooth and shining or rarely
puberulent on the sides, hispid-ciliate on the margins ; pappus an in-
conspicuous erose or lacerate crown and a single slender awn about
as long as the achene, or the awn usually wanting.
Dry bluffs and hillsides. July to October. Trask (N. Y., Field) ; Machridc
and Payson 858; Chamberlain; Brandegee ; Davidson; Pebble Beach Road,
Sinith 5049, 5052; Reed 2805; Pendleton 1378; Nuttall 573; Knopf 165; Cotton-
wood Canyon, Nuttall 856; Silver Canyon, Nuttall 750.
20. ERIOPHYLLUM Lag.
Annual and perennial herbs or suffruticose plants. Herbage
white-r woolly, at least when young. Leaves (in our species) variously
toothed, divided or incised. Involucre oblong to hemispheric, its bracts
distinctly rigid and permanently erect, concave and disposed to enfold
the mature outer achenes. Receptacle flat or convex. Rays 4-13 or 15,
broad, rarely wanting. Tube of disk-corollas commonly glandular and
28o Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
hairy. Style-branches from truncate to conical or subulate, Achenes
linear or linear-clavate. Pappus various, sometimes wanting,
Rays 6-10; leaves 15-cm. or more i. Nevinii
Rays 4 or 5 ; leaves 3-cm. or less 2. confertiflorum
J . E. Nevinii Gray, Syn. FI. i, 2 1452 (1886),
Decidedly woody below, about 10 dm, high; leaves 15 cm. or more
long, ovate in outline, once or twice pinnately parted into numerous
oblong obtuse lobes, equally white-tomentose on both sides ; tomentum
of the stems deciduous ; heads numerous, crowded in naked-pedimcu-
late, broad, flat-topped, compound cymes; involucre cylindrical, 6-7
mm. high; bracts oblong, obtuse, rather loose; rays 7-10, short, yellow;
pappus of 4-6 erose palese, often unequal, the longer ones lanceolate
and acute.
Conspicuous on rocky sea bluffs. April to October. Mrs. Trask (U. S. ;
Field) ; Brandegee; (Gray, Field) ; vicinity of Avalon, Reed 2806; Pendleton
1381, 1382; Eastwood 6448 (F. G.) ; Millsp. 4825, 4896; Knopf 264. A form
with finely divided leaves and blunter bracts is now and then collected — Cliffs
near Sugar Loaf. Nuttall 641, Knopf 151. DUSTY MILLER.
_'. E. confertiflorum (DC.) Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19:25 (1883).
Bahia confertifiora DC. Prodr. 5 1657 ( 1836).
Plants 2-6 dm. high ; stem slightly woody at base, often un-
branched ; herbage with a close, dense (at length deciduous) tomentum ;
leaves of the flowering branches 3 cm. or less long, ternately or pin-
nately parted into 3-7 narrowly linear divisions; heads in compact
terminal clusters ; involucre obovoid-oblong, 4 mm. high ; its; bracts
about 5, ovate; rays 4 or 5, yellow, about 4mm. long; paleae 8-10,
nearly equal, about half as long as the achene.
Dry sea bluffs. The year around. Mrs. Trask (U. S. ; Field); Brandegee:
Our specimens all from sea bluffs in the vicinity of Avalon, Smith 5040; Millsp.
1^5. 4759: Pcndicton 1361; Moxley 735; Nuttall 75, 368: Knopf 55.
21. HELENIUM Linn.
Erect herbs, ours perennial and with resinous-dotted foliage.
Leaves alternate, sessile except the lower, often decurrent on the
stem. Heads solitary or cymose, borne on long naked pedvmcles.
Flowers yellow, or the lobes of the disk-corolla turning yellowish
or brownish, either all perfect or the ray-flowers pistillate or neu-
tral. Rays several, usually drooping. Bracts of the involucre
linear, reflexed. Receptacle globose or hemispheric, naked.
Achenes turbinate, ribbed. Pappus of 5-12 thin or hyaline paleae,
in ours short-pointed.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 281
i. H. puberulum DC. Prodr. 5 1667 (1836).
Heleniastyum puberidum Ktze. Rev. Gen. 1 1342 (1891).
Paniculately branched, 6-15 dm. high, the branches ending in
long, slender peduncles; herbage puberulent and resin-dotted;
basal leaves oblanceolate, usually sinuate-margined ; cauline
leaves lanceolate, oblong, or the upper ones linear, entire, sessile
and strongly decurrent on the stem; disk 10-15 mm. broad; rays
reflexed, short and inconspicuous ; disk flowers red-brown ; Pap-
pus-paleae ovate, short-awned.
Wet situations. May to August. Davidson; Trask (N. Y., Field). In the
creek-bed of the canyon above Chicken Johnny's, Nuttall 270. SNEEZEWEED.
ROSILLA.
Tribe 5. SEN ECI ONI DEAi— Herbs and shrubs or a few
species arborescent. Leaves mostly alternate or radical (opposite
in Arnica). Heads either discoid or radiate. Involucre mostly of
a single series of similar bracts, sometimes with an outer calycu-
late series, rarely imbricated in several series. Receptacle nearly
always naked. Anthers mostly rounded at base. Style-branches
of hermaphrodite flowers usually flat, the truncate tips pencillate
and the stig^matic lines (which are near the margins) not meeting.
Pappus of numerous fine bristles, rarely subpaleaceous.
22. SENECIO Linn.
Herbs or woody plants with alternate leaves and with heads
in terminal cymes or rarely solitary. Heads many-flowered, radi-
ate or discoid. Flowers in our species yellow. Involucre cylin-
drical to campanulate, mostly with i or 2 rows of outer erect
bracteoles at base, these elongated and exceeding the proper in-
volucre in a few non-Californian species. Receptacle flat, naked.
Anthers mostly rounded at base. Style-branches truncate.
Achenes terete. Pappus of abundant white and soft bristles.
Involucre copiously bracteolate; leaf-lobes acute I. Douglasii
Involucre sparingly bracteolate ; leaf-lobes obtuse 2. Lyoni
1. S. Douglasii DC, Prodr. 6:429 (1837).
Stems branching from the sufi'rutescent base and forming a
bushy plant usually 1-1.5 m. high, leafy up to the inflorescence;
herbage at first whitish-tomentose, later more or less glabrate ;
lower leaves more or less pinnately divided into 5-9 narrowly
linear revolute lobes, the upper with only 3 lobes (the middle one
several times larger), or the uppermost entire; heads in broad
terminal open cymes; involucre 8-10 mm. high, broadly turbinate,
the bracts linear with attenuate tips, dorsally carinate below ; rays
about 13, the ligules about 10 mm. long; achenes linear, pubescent.
282 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V,
Common in washes and other gravelly places. July to October. Among
the pebbles at Pebble Beach, Nuttall 287, 794.
2. S. Lyoni, Gray, Syn, Fl. 1,2 -.456 • (1886),
Somewhat suttrutescent at base, i m. or so high, freely
branching- and leafy throughout ; herbage at first tomentose, soon
glabrate except for persistent dense tufts of wool in the leaf-axils
and often a sparse tomentum on the under side of the leaves ;
leaves once or twice pinnately parted into broadly linear obtuse
segments and lobes, sessile by an auriculate base or petiolate and
the petiole dilated at base ; inflorescence loosely cymose, the
peduncles bearing a few subulate bracts ; involucres broadly tur-
binate, 7 or 8 mm, high ; bracts linear, with acute pubescent tips,
the medial line thickened and the margins scarious.
Dry, open hillsides. May to July. Brandegee ; Grant & Wheeler (N. Y.,
Field) ; along Pebble Beach Road, Smith 5057; Knopf 353- GROUNDSEL.
Tribe 6. HELIANTHE^ — Uerhs or shrubs with mostly
yellow flowers, many with balsamic-resinous juice. Heads homo-
gamous and discoid or heterogamous with pistillate or neutral
ray-flowers and hermaphrodite disk-flowers, the latter either fertile
or sterile. Receptacle with chaff-like bracts each subtending a
flower. Anthers obtuse at base, not caudate. Pappus various or
wanting but never of simple truly capillary bristles. Achenes
thick or flattened contrary to the subtending chaffy bract, never
parallel with it. \
Outer bracts of involucre foliaceous, exceeding inner:
Disk achenes thick, 4-5-angled 23. Helianthus
Disk achenes flat, 2-angled 24. Encelia
Outer bracts of involucre narrower than inner :
Inner bracts distinct 25. Coreopsis
Inner bracts united into a cup 26. Thelesperma
23. HELIANTHUS Linn.
Stout coarse herbs with rough leaves, yellow mostly entire
rays and brownish purple or yellow disk. Leaves mostly alternate
but the lower or lowest commonly opposite. Heads middle-sized
or large, hemispheric, solitary on the ends of the branches or in
terminal cymes. Bracts of the involucre imbricated. Receptacle
flat or convex, its bracts persistent and embracing the achenes.
Ray-flowers neutral. Achenes thick, slightly compressed, 4-sided
or elliptic in cross section. Pappus of pointed paleae borne at the
angles of the achene, often with very small intervening scales, all
caducous.
Flora OF Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 283
1. H. annuus Linn., Sp. PI. 904 (1753).
Erect and simple or more or less branching, 5-30 dm. high ;
herbage rough-hispid ; leaves petiolate, deltoid-ovate, serrate, the
uppermost narrow and often entire ; bracts of the involucre ovate,
slenderly acuminate, ciliate ; bracts of the receptacle 3-cleft at
apex, the middle lobe lanceolate and longer than the others ; rays
about 2 or 3 cm. long.
Waste grounds. May to September. On the far side of Reservoir Hill,
Nuttall 569- SUNFLOWER.
24. ENCELIA Adans.
Herbs and low shrubs. Leaves 3-nerved from the base, entire
or remotely toothed. Heads on nearly naked peduncles, ours with
showy yellow rays and yellow or purple disk. Ray-flowers neu-
tral. Disk-achenes fiat, in our species obovate or cuneate and with
conspicuously ciliate margins, the sides either smooth or pub-
escent in the same species. Pappus none, or of 1 or 2 slender awns
in some species.
I. E. californica Nutt.. Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. 2. 7 :357 (1841).
Slender spreading stems 6-10 dm. high, shrubby only below,
usually growing in clumps of considerable size ; leaves ovate to
lanceolate, acute, 2-6 cm. long, narrowed to the petiole, green,
minutely scabrous or glabrate ; heads solitary, terminating
elongated nearly naked peduncles; involucre densely white-villous,
10-15 mm. high; rays 16-30, 1.5-3 cm. long? ^isk purple, .5-2.5 cm.
broad ; corolla lobes either smooth or pubescent.
Dry hillsides. Throughout the year. Vicinity of Avalon, Dall & Baker
(Gray) ; Trask (N. Y. ; Field) ; Lyon; Brandegee; Eastivood 6501; Smith 4987;
Pendleton 1397; Millsp. 4=^27; Nuttall 20; Knopf 2, 78, 203, 263. SUNFLOWER.
25. COREOPSIS Linn.
Mostly herbaceous plants, a few species shrubby. Heads
medium-sized or large, long-peduncled, solitary or in loose cymes.
Involucre double; bracts of the inner series 8-12, erect, membran-
ous ; bracts of the outer series 5-8, narrow, loose and foliaceous.
Flowers both ray and disk yellow in our species and the ray-
flowers either pistillate or neutral. Achenes flat to meniscoidal,
linear-oblong to oval, the margins either smooth or ciliate or
winged. Pappus none or of bristles, scales, or teeth proceeding
from the angles of the achene.
284 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
'• C. gigantea (Kell.) Hall, Compos. So. Calif. 143 (1907). Plates
IX&XHI.
Leptosyne gigantea Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 4 :i98 ( 1873).
Erect, robust, 3-12 or even 20 dm. high, trunk fleshy-woody
often I dm. or more thick; primary branches distant, horizontal or
ascending, leafy only towards the ends; leaf-divisions filiform,
from very short to 5 cm. or more long, varying between these ex-
tremes from year to year on individual plants ; heads medium-sized
(disk about 2 cm. broad) on cymosely clustered peduncles 1.5 dm.
or less long; outer involucre of oblong or lanceolate bracts; inner
bracts longer, oblong, yellowish, the middle nerve prominent
toward the base; rays 10-16, 2.5-3 cm. long; ring of disk-corollas
beardless ; achenes narrowly oblong, margined, glabrous ; pappus
none.
Rocky bluffs near the coast and generally well up the slopes. February to
July. Lyon; Trask (N. Y., Field) ; Brandegee; sea cliff near Avalon, Smith
5034, Nuttall 571; Grant & Wheeler (N. Y., Field); Knopf 36. NIGGEJ?
HEAD, TURPENTINE WEED. The succulent leaves are relished by brows-
ing animals and also have been utilized as a pot-herb. The species is almost
entirely insular and is becoming rare where cattle or sheep are pastured. It is
now found only on inaccessible cliffs though there is a large clump in a fenced-in
field on the east hillside at the Isthmus. The most characteristic growth is on
Bird Rock (Millsp. 4630, Knopf 258).
26. THELESPERMA Less.
Perennial, sometimes annual or suffrutescent herbs, smooth
and glabrous ; with the habit of Coreopsis ; opposite, usually finely
dissected leaves and peduncled heads; rays normally golden-yel-
low; disk-flowers yellow, sometimes purplish or brownish.
I. T. gracile (Torr.) Gray, Hook. Jour. Bot. 1 1252 (1849).
Bidens gracilis Torr. Ann. Lye. N, Y. 2 :2I5 (1828).
Rigid; 3-6 dm. high from a deep perennial root, branching,
naked above ; leaves once or twice 3-5-nately divided or parted into
filiform-linear or broader lobes, or some upper ones filiform and
entire ; bracts of the outer involucre 4-6, very short, ovate or ob-
long; inner connate to above the middle, the edges of their lobes
sHghtly scarious ; disk mostly yellow, scarcely brownish after
anthesis ; achenes somewhat papillose or roughened, the bracts
of the summit exceeded by the subulate awns; rays usually none,
rarely pubescent, 4-5.5 mm. long.
Avalon Valley, along the road beyond the saw-mill, August 10, 1920, Nuttall
602; Eastwood 6326.
Tribe 7. MADIE^ — Ours annual or biennial herbs (with
the exception of one species of Hemizonia). Herbage often
glandular or viscid or heavy-scented. Leaves alternate or oppo-
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 285
site. Bracts of the involucre in a single series, each partly or
completely enclosing- an achene. Bracts of the receptacle com-
monly in a single series between disk and ray and often united into
a cup or sometimes scattered among the disk-fiowers. Rays always
present in our genera though sometimes inconspicuous. Anthers
not caudate. Ray-achenes always fertile, seldom pappose ; disk
achenes either fertile or sterile, their pappus paleaceous, awn-like
or wanting.
Ray-achenes laterally compressed
Enclosing bract sulcate, strongly carinate 2T. Madia
Ray-acli€nes commonly obcompressed
Enclosing bract rounded on back:
Achene half enclosed by the bract 28. Hemizonia
Achene wholly enclosed by the bract :
Pappus of 15-20 awns 29. Blepharipappus
Pappus of 10 broad paleae 30. Achyrachaena
:iy. MADIA Mol.
Erect annual and perennial herbs often glandular-viscid and
heavy-scented. Leaves alternate (at least the upper), entire or
serrate. Flowers yellow, opening in the evening and closing be-
fore noon of the next day. Involucre angled by the carinate or
almost conduplicate bracts, these in one series, each completely
enclosing its ray-achene with which it is deciduous, and with a
free moderately long or a short tip. Receptacle flat or convex,
its bracts in a single row between ray and disk-flowers and often
united into a cup. Rays few to many, pistillate, the ligules 3-
lobed. Disk-flowers i to many, perfect, but their achenes mostly
abortive. Ray-achenes laterally compressed, oblique, with narrow
backs, rarely beaked. Pappus, in our species, none.
Disk-flowers 5-20 :
Disk-achenes angular, plants stout i. sativa
Disk-achenes flat, plants slender 2. dissitiflora
Disk-flower solitary 3. exigua
I. M. sativa Molina, Chile ed. i : 136 (1782).
Usually robust, 2^-^ dm. high ; herbage pubescent with slender
hairs and beset with pedicillate very viscid glands, ill-scented;
leaves from broadly-lanceolate to linear ; heads short-peduncled or
sessile, disposed in the upper axils and in small clusters termin-
ating short branches; involucre 8-12 mm. high; its bracts hispid;
ray-flowers 5-12, with pale-yellow ligules about 4mm. long; cup of
receptacle campanulate and enclosing many disk-achenes ; achenes
cuneate-oblong and somewhat 4-angled, prominently i -nerved on
each face; ray achenes somewhat falcate-obovate, either with or
286 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
without an obvious nerve cm each side: receptacle either glabrous
or minutely hirsute.
Drj' open situations. May to August. Lyon; Brandegee; along the Coach
Road and in Descanso Canyon, Nuttall 572, 331. CHILE TAR- WEED.
2. M. dissitiflora (Nutt.) T. & Gr. Fl. 2 :405 (1843).
Madorella dissitiflora Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. See. 2. 7 1387
(1841).
Very slender, 2-6 dm. high, simple or loosely branched ;
herbage pubescent but moderately if at all viscid, at least below;
heads loosely racemose or more often paniculate, the peduncles
seldom very short ; involucre 5-8 mm, high ; cup of receptacle ovoid
but not closed, containing few disk-flowers ; ray-flowers 5-8, the
sulphur-yellow ligules 3 or 4mm. long; disk-achenes short and
broad, flat, not angled but with one or both of the faces more or
less prominently i-nerved; receptacle glabrous.
Grassy hillsides. May to August. Mountain above Pebble Beach and
upper end Hamilton Canyon, Nuttall 581, 580, 61; near Summit, Knopf 129;
Pebble Beach Road, Smith 5038.
3. M. exigua (Sm.) Greene, Eryth. 1 190 (1893).
Sclcrocarpus exiguus Sm. Rees Cycl. 31 13 (1816).
Harpaecarpus exiguus Gray, Bot. Mex. Bd. loi (1859).
Madia filipes Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8:391 (1872).
Stem slender, paniculately branched to nearly simple, the
whole plant commonly 1-2 dm. high; herbage viscid-glandular,
sweet-scented; leaves linear, entire; heads on naked filiform
peduncles ; involucre 3 mm. high ; its bracts 4-8, lunate and strongly
carinate, the free tip minute ; ligules inconspicuous ; bracts of the
receptacle united ; disk-flower only one ; ray-achenes laterally
compressed, obovate-lunate, pointed by a small disk.
Grassy hillsides. May to August. Lyon; Brandegee; Gallagher's Canyon,
Eastwood 6462; Rock Falls Canyon, Moxley 6g6; Avalon Canyon alt. 1,000 ft.,
and Cat Tail Canyon, Nuttall 171, 579.
28. HEMIZONIA DC.
Mostly annual or biennial herbs (one of our species somewhat
woody) with at least the upper leaves alternate. Flowers yellow
or white, in mostly numerous heads. Receptacle flat, its bracts
deciduous. Ray-achenes obcompressed with a broad back, thick
and turgid (never laterally compressed with narrow back), each
partially enclosed by the lower part of its involticral bract. Disk-
achenes sterile.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 287
Flowers yellow, leaves linear or broader.
Rays 8-20, disk-flowers as many or more :
Perennial, herbage not glandular i. Clementina
Annual, at least the involucres glandular
Beak of ray-achenes curved 2. paniculata
Beak of ray-achenes straight 3. floribunda
Rays 3-8, disk-flowers not over 10 4. fasciculata
1 . H. Clementina Brandeg. Eryth. 7 : 70 ( 1899) .
Hemitonia Streetsii Gray, Syii. Fl. i, 2:451 (1866*).
Plant probably a half-shrubby perennial, 3-6 dm. high ; steins
many, at length much branched and leafy to the numerous
cymosely crowded heads ; herbage sparsely hirsute, not conspic-
uously glandular, but more or less viscid above ; leaves rigid,
linear, entire or with a few short teeth; rays 12-20; disk-flowers
numerous ; ray-achenes rugose-tuberculate, stipitate, beaked ; pappus-
paleae of disk-achenes about 10, subulate-linear, unequal.
Dr>' situations. June to October. At Isthmus, Nevin & Lyon; Trask:
Brandegee ; vicinity of Avalon, Eastwood 649J, 6533; McClatchie (N. Y., Field).
TARWEED.
2. H. paniculata Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19 : 17 (1883).
Diffusely branched above, 3-10 dm. high; the stem hirsute be-
low, viscid-glandular above ; cauline leaves narrowly oblong,
laciniate-pinnatifid ; those of the numerous short branchlets
crowded, erect, entire ; ray-flowers usually 8 ; their achenes rugose
or pitted on the back and with a short upturned beak at summit of
inner angle; disk-achenes usually about 13 (11-20), pubescent; their
8-10 oblong pappus-paleae equalling the proper tube of the corolla
and conspicuously pubescent or even erose at the sumtnit.
Dry open situations. May to September. Pebble Beach Road, Pendleton
iS57; Smith 5048, 5055; dried bed of Echo Lake Knopf 148.
3. H. floribunda Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, n : 79 (1876).
A stout erect annual 6 dm. or more high, the very leafy stem
terminating in an elongated raceme or racemose panicle; herbage
minutely glandular but not hirsute; cauline leaves linear, 1-3 cm.
long, entire ; ray-achenes about 20, in more than one series, some-
what tuberculate-rugose, with very short straight beak; pappus-
paleae of the numerous disk-achenes 5-8, shorter than the proper
tube of the corolla, acute, conspicuously hirsute.
Dry situations. May to September. Pebble Beach Road, in decumbent
patches a half to one meter across, on the sea cliflf, Nuttall 195, 33^; and on the
southwest hillside at the Isthmus s6o.
4. H. fasciculata (DC) T. & Gr- Fl. 2 : 397 (1843).
Hartmannia fasciculata DC. Prodr. 5 1693 ( 1836) .
Paniculately branched above the base, 2-6 dm. high ; herbage
* In part. Not of Proc. Am. Acad. 12:162 (1877).
288 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
sparsely hirsute and hispid, or disposed to be nearly gflabrous
above; radical leaves pinnately parted, 4-8 cm. long; stem-leaves
linear to oblanceolate, laciniate-pinnatifid, few-toothed or entire;
those of the branchlets shorter and mostly entire; heads fascicled
in rather dense small clusters, normally with 5 rays and 6 disk-
flowers; bracts of the involucre glabrous or glandular-hispidulous,
carinate by a thickened midrib, those of the receptacle slightly
united; corolla lobes pubescent; ray-achenes smoothish or trans-
versely rugose, with a very short beak ; disk-achenes with a pappus
of 6-10 linear paleae some of which are toothed or lacerate at tip.
Dry situations. May to September. Lyon; Brandegee; near Avalon, Hasse
(reported as H. IVrightii, specimen in hb. Field) ; Reed 2822; Hall 8285; East-
wood 6487; Smith 50og; Nuttall 197, 575; Pendleton 1337; Knopf 208; 140.
The form of more diffuse growth and less fascicled or all scattered
heads — H. ramosissima Benth — grows on a hillside at the Isthmus, Nuttall 806.
29. BLEPHARIPAPPUS Hook.
Vernal annuals with mainly alternate leaves and medium-
sized heads on evident peduncles. Bracts of the involucre flattened
on the back below with abruptly dilated thin margins infolded so
as to enclose the ray-achene, the tip fiat. Ray-flowers 8-20 ; ligules
yellow, white, yellow tipped with white, or roseate. Disk-corollas
yellow their lobes hirsute or villous. Receptacle broad and flat,
with a row of thin bracts, between ray- and disk-flowers and some-
times additional ones among the flowers. Ray-achenes obcom-
pressed, commonly glabrous, destitute of pappus, fertile. Disk-
achenes usually pubescent, mostly sterile, in ours bearing a pappus
of 5-20 bristles or awns, these rarely wanting in the species here
recorded.
I. B. platyglossus Greene, Pittonia 2 :246 (1892).
Callichroa platyglossa F. & M. Ind. Sem. Petr. 2:^1 (1835).
Laya platyglossa Gray, PI. Fendl. 103 (1849).
Laya platyglossa breviseta Gray, Bot. Calif. 1 1370 (1876).
Simple or more commonly branching below, erect or some-
times diffuse, 2-6 or 8 dm. high ; herbage short-hirsute and usually
with some small stipitate glands ; basal leaves oblong, toothed or
pinnatifid, the rameal narrower and either toothed or entire, the
uppermost linear and entire; peduncles turbinate-thickened beneath
the head; involucral bracts linear, with broad tips; rays 5-13, sul-
phur-yellow, the tips commonly white, in Nuttall 2^4 purple, i-
1.2 cm. long; disk-achenes somewhat flattened, densely clothed
with appressed silky hairs; pappus of 15-20 upwardly scabrous
stout awn-like bristles nearly as long as the corolla, neither villous
nor plumose, rarely wanting.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 289
Grassy levels and slopes. March to June. Gambcl in hb. Gray; Lyon
(Gray; Field) ; Brandegce ; Hay Press, Isthmus Cove and Howland's, Millsp.
4779, 4^13, 4^77; at the first station, Nuttall 294, 1207; Knopf 48, 73; Cotton-
wood Canyon, Knopf 397- TIDY-TIPS.
30. ACHYRACHiENA Schauer.
Soft-pubescent annual with narrow leaves, the lower opposite,
and rather large heads terminating the few erect branches. In-
volucre oblong-campanulate, its bracts lanceolate, each enfolding
a ray-achene. Bracts of the receptacle membranous, in a single
series between ray and disk. Ray flowers 5-10, little exceeding
the disk ; their ligules short and broad, palmately 3-cleft. Ray-
achenes fertile, linear-clavate, all the ribs or the alternate scabrous.
Disk-achenes with a pappus of about 10 silvery scales, the outer
as long as the achene, the inner nearly twice as long.
I. A. mollis Schauer, Del. Sem. Hort. Vratisl. 3 (1837).
Erect, simple or branching, 2-4 dm. high, pilose-pubescent ;
leaves linear, remotely toothed or entire, 12 cm. or less long; heads
solitary, in flower 15-20 mm. high, in fruit expanding and becom-
ing globose, then 3 or 4 cm. broad ; rays light-yellow, soon chang-
ing to reddish-brown; pales of the achenes expanding or rotately
diverging.
The only knowledge of this plant that we have is its inclusion in Brande-
gee's list. The species must have a very limited (probably local) habitat or its
conspicuousness alone would have caused others to collect it.
Tribe 8. IN U LEAL — Herbs, shrubs, or rarely trees, with
mostly white-wooly or glandular herbage. Leaves alternate
(opposite in Psilocarphus) entire, or more or less dentate in one
species of Pluchea (as to California). Heads rather small and dis-
coid in all our species, homogamous or heterogamous, dioecious
in some genera ; Bracts of the involucre commonly white or scar-
ious. Anthers, with very few exceptions, caudate at base the tails
free or united in pairs. Style-branches of various forms but mostly
obtuse or truncate, with marginal stigmatic lines on the inner
surface, not appendaged. Pappus in all our species capillary or
none.
Receptacle chaffy:
Fertile pistillate flowers destitute of pappus :
Receptacle slender. Leaves alternate 31. Stylocline
Receptacle globose. Leaves opposite 32. Psilocarphus
Fertile pistillate flowers (inner) with
abundant pappus ZZ- Filago
Receptacle naked :
Herbaceous, Herbage woolly 34. Gnaphalium
Herbage glandular 35. Pluchea
Shrubby with willow-like stems 35. Pluchea
290 Field Museum of Natural HistORY — Botany, Vol. V.
31. STYLOCLINE Nutt.
Low, erect or spreading woolly annuals with small ovoid or
nearly globular clustered heads. Receptacle column-like or almost
filiform, bearing at its tip, and therefore in the center of the head.
4 or 5 sterile hermaphrodite flowers, each of these commonly sub-
tended by a plane or slightly concave bract. Pistillate flowers
marginal, each completely enfolded by the medial or (in one
species) the basal portion of its very woolly subtending bract.
Pappus none in the fertile flowers, sometimes of a few caducous
bristles in the sterile ones.
I. S. gnaphalioides Nutt. Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. 2, 7 :338 (1841).
Diffusely branched from the base, commonly 5-15 cm, long;
leaves broadly linear or spatulate-linear; the upper somewhat
broader ones obtuse and 5-12 mm, long; pistillate fertile flowers
numerous, their bracts (barely 3 mm. long) ovate, nearly plane on
the outer surface, a central portion at the base produced on the
inner side into a sac enclosing the achene, this portion firm, the
remainder hyaline ; sterile flowers little shorter than their bracts,
with rudimentary ovary and a pappus of few caducous bristles.
In dry situations. March to September. Brandegec and Lyon lists ; banks
along Pebble Beach Road, Smith 5061; mesa immediately above the ranch
houses at Chicken Johnny's, Millsp. 4921 ; dried bed of Echo Lake, Knopf 130.
S2. PSILOCARPHUS Nutt.
Depressed or prostrate white-woolly annuals. Leaves oppo-
site, entire, the uppermost ones involucrate around the small
globose heads which lack a true involucre and are solitary in the
forks or at the ends of the branches, or some clustered. Receptacle
globose. Bracts of the pistillate flowers clothed with soft wool,
crowded on the low receptacle ; each bract sac-like, half-obovate
in side view, hooded and rounded at the top with the apex introrse
(turned downward and inward) and beaked by a hyaline ap-
pendage or scale. Pistillate fertile flowers with filiform corolla. Herm-
aphrodite-sterile flowers few, occupying the center of the head, desti-
tute of enclosing or other bracts. Achenes straight or slightly curved.
Pappus none.
1. P. tenellus Nutt. Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. 2, 7:341 (1841).
Usually depressed, the forking stems prostrate or ascending
forming a dense mat 1-3 dm. broad; herbage canescent with a fine
and closely appressed wool; leaves numerous, spatulate or linear,
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 291
mucronate, 0.5-1.5 cm. long^; heads in all the upper leaf-axils,
about 4 mm. wide ; achenes oblong or slightly broadened upward.
Dry situations. April to July. Ridge near Summit, Grant 1256 (in hb. U.
S.) ; Cherry Canyon, Smith 5082; Moxley 724; School House Mountain near
Avalon, Nuttall 24.
S3. FILAGO Linn.
Low woolly annuals with more or less glomerate small heads.
Receptacle hemispherical or conical. Fertile pistillate flowers in
two sets, the outer separated from the inner by a circle of open
scarious or cliaff-like nearly glabrous bracts; flowers of the outer
set, which is borne on the margin of the receptacle, commonly
destitute of pappus, each loosely enfolded by a concave or boat-
shaped long-woolly bract ; flowers of the inner set provided with a
imppus of copious capillary bristles, not enfolded by bracts.
Hermaphrodite flowers in the center of the head few, often fertile,
their pappus abundant. Achenes terete or nearly so, either smooth
or minutely granular.
1 . F. calif ornica Nutt. Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. 2, 7 : 405 ( 1841 ) .
Plant, or its branches, erect, 0.5-2 or sometimes 4 dm, high,
leafy throughout; leaves 0.8-2 cm. long, narrowly oblong to linear
or somewhat spatulate, sessile, commonly apiculate at the apex;
heads ovate, 3 or 4 mm. high, scarcely exceeded by the bracts of
the inflorescence ; receptacle convex, rough ; bracts of the outer
pistillate flowers 8-10, very woolly, deeply boat-shaped and some-
what incurved at the broad and obtuse hyaline tip ; bracts of the
inner series thin and less woolly, plane or merely concave; all
stellately spreading at maturtity; marginal achenes smooth; cen-
tral achenes either smooth or dotted with shining papillae.
Dry open situations. April to September. On a bare western ridge, Trask
"\" (herb. N. Y.), "m" (herb, U. S.) ; Brandegee; Lyon; Pebble Beach Road,
Pendleton 1420; Reed 2859; Rowland's, Millsp. 4812; Nuttall 47; Descanso Can-
yon, Moxley 753; Salta Verde, Knopf 341.
34. GNAPHALIUM Linn.
Woolly herbs with sessile and commonly decurrent leaves.
Heads white, yellowish or rose-tinted, disposed in panicles, cymes
or spikes. Receptacle flat or convex, not chaffy. Involucral
bracts scarious, imbricated. Pistillate flowers in several series,
with filiform corollas. Central flowers hermaphrodite-fertile, with
tubular, 5-lobed corollas and entire, obtuse styles. [Pappus a single
series of capillary bristles.]
292 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Pappus-bristles not united at base :
Involucre imbedded in loose wool; bracts brown i. palustre
Involucre woolly only at base ; bracts scarious :
Herbage becoming green in age, somewhat glandular :
Root perennial ; stems woody below 2. bicolor
Root annual or biennial; herbaceous 3. californicum
Herbage persistently white-woolly, scarcely glandular :
Heads in loose panicles, involucre white 4. microcephalum
Heads in close glomerules, involucre rusty 5. chilense
1. G. palustre Nutt. Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. 2, 7 : 403 (1841).
Plants 0.5-1.5 or 2dm. high; stems commonly several and
erect or ascending from an annual root ; herbage loosely floccose
with long wool, sometimes partially deciduous ; leaves nearly all
spatulate or a few about the inflorescence oblong or lanceolate
1-3 cm. long; heads in small dense clusters at the ends of the
branches; involucre barely 4mm. high; its bracts linear, brownish
or greenish at the base, the pearly-white obtuse tips somewhat
denticulate; achenes either smooth or scabrous.
Occasional in moist situations, especially at margin of water. May to
September. Brandegee. SWAMP EVERLASTING.
2. G. bicolor Bioletti, Erythea 1:16 (1893) .
Stout, 3-6 dm. high from a perennial root; stems branching
and lignescent below, terminating above in a compact cyme or
branching to form a more or less open panicle the branches of
which are terminated by close cymes ; herbage glandular, whitened
by a very thick, dense tomentum which is deciduous only from
the upper surface of the leaves; leaves oblong or linear or the
upper lanceolate, closely sessile by a broad auriculate base, 2-5 or
8 cm. long, 0.5-1 (or the lower even 1.5) cm. wide, the margins
commonly undulate and revolute ; involucre campanulate, 6 mm.
high and broad ; its bracts white becoming sordid, at least the inner
often with a greenish tinge ; the outer ovate and obtuse, the inner
varjang to narrowly oblong and acute.
Dry hillsides and arroyas. January to November. Trask (U. S., Field) ;
Brandegee list as Anaphalis margaritacea; vicinity of Avalon, Mrs. Trask 10, 20 ;
Grant 519; Smith 5073, Millsp. 4648; Nuttall 17, 292, gg2; Summit, Smith 5112,
Millsp. 4584. EVERLASTING, CUDWEED. OLDFIELD BALSAM.
3. G. californicum DC. Prodr. 6 : 224 ( 1837) .
Gnaphalium decurrens californicum Gray, Bot. Calif, i :34i (1876).
Stems stout, 4-8 dm. high from a biennial root, cymosely
branched at summit, the branches bearing glomerules of large
heads and forming a broad and somewhat flat-topped inflorescence ;
'herbage soon becoming green and more or less glabrate at ma-
turity, glandular and balsamic-scented ; lower leaves oblong,
6-12 X 1-2 cm. diminishing in size upward and becoming lanceolate,
all obviously decurrent; involucre 6 or 7 mm. high, roundish, its
bracts white or in age rusty-tinged.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 293
Dry situations. January to October. Isthmus, Trask (U. S., Field) ;
Eastzvood 6507; Avalon Valley, Smith 5074, Fisher 135, Nuttall 81; Pebble
Beach Road and Middle Ranch, Millsp. 4697, 4371; Knopf 26; Rusby; Mc-
Clatchie; Macbridc & Payson, CALIFORNIA EVERLASTING.
4. G. microcephalum Nutt. Trans, Ani. Philos. Soc. 2, 7 ; 404
(1841).
Stems commonly 3-6 or even 9 dm. high, several from the
herbaceous perennial base, branching above into an elongated or
sometimes broad loose panicle which is usually less than 3 dm.
(mostly 1-2 dm.) long; herbage clothed with a bright white per-
sistent woolly tomentum ; leaves linear or narrowly oblong or
spatulate, the larger ones 4-6 cm. long and 3-12 mm. broad, mostly
short-decurrent ; heads small, disposed in rather small glomerules
or clusters at the ends of the branches of the panicle; involucre
narrow, 5 or 6 mm. high ; bracts ovate or oblong and obtuse at
apex, or the very innermost linear, bright white.
In arroyas and canyon stream beds. September. Big Wash Canyon and
the upper reaches of Hamilton Canyon above the Wishbone, Nuttall gos, 862;
Knopf 17, 67, 70; Eastwood 6473.
5. G. chilense Spreng. Syst. 3 : 480 ( 1826) .
Gnaphalium Sprengelii H. & A. Bot, Beech. 150 (1833).
Plant 1.5-6 dm. high from an annual or biennial root, stems
either several and erect from a decumbent base or single and
wholly erect, terminating in a large close glomerule or branching
above into a more or less open panicle less than 1.5 dm. long the
branches of which are terminated by close glomerules ; leaves
narrowly spatulate the larger ones 3-6 cm. by 4-12 mm., or the
uppermost linear or lanceolate, the short decurrent base rather
broad and somewhat auriculate ; involucre roundish, 5 or 6 mm.
high and broad, the bracts with a greenish-yellow tinge.
Dry situations. May to October. Vicinity of Avalon. Trask (N. Y.,
Field) ; Brandegee ; Fisher; Smith 4989; Gallagher's Canyon, Eastwood 6463;
Mountain Top near Coach Road at Summit, Nuttall 288; Knopf 43, 121. COT-
TON-BATTING PLANT.
35. PLUCHEA Cass.
Tall leafy herbs or shrubs. Heads numerous, clustered in
corymb-like terminal cymes, hemispheric, discoid, the numerous
flowers purplish. Marginal flowers of the head pistillate and per-
fect, with tubular- filiform truncate entire or 2 or 3-toothed corolla
and slender 2-cleft style ; central flowers few, perfect but some-
times sterile, with tubular 5-cleft corolla (enlarged above) and
trifid or merely notched style. Involucre imbricated. Receptacle
294 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
flat, naked. Achenes grooved. Pappus a single series of capillary
bristles.
Herb; glandular pubescent i. camphorata
Shrub ; pubescence silvery, close, dense 2. sericea
1. P. camphorata (L.) DC. Prodr. 5 :452 (1836).
Erigeron camphoratus Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2:1212 (1763).
An erect annual, branching above, 3-8 dm. high (ours
8-16 dm.) ; herbage soft-puberlent, glandular above ; leaves ovate-
oblong or lanceolate, acute at each end, glandular-dentate, short-
petioled or the upper sessile, the larger 7-14 cm. long (ours 2 dm.
and less), and 2 or 3cm. (ours up to 5cm.) broad; involucral
bracts chartaceous, ovate-lanceolate, commonly reddish ; central
hermaphrodite flowers varying from 10 or 12 to numerous;
achenes pubescent ; pappus bristles all slender, not at all dilated
above.
In moist (usually saline) situations. August to November. Trask; Mc-
Clatchie. A wet spot in Soap Stone Quarry, Nuttall 904.
2. P. sericea (Nutt.) Coville, Contr. U. S. Nat. Hb. 4 : 128 (1893).
Polypappus sericeus Nutt. PI. Gamb, 178 (1848).
Pluchea borealis Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17 :2i2 (1882),
A slender willow-like shrub 2-5 m. high ; herbage silvery-silky
throughout except on the old stems ; leaves alternate, entire, linear-
lanceolate, 1-3.6 cm. by 3-6 mm., acute at apex, tapering to the
sessile base ; the outer involucral bracts brown or purplish, firm-
coriaceous, the white inner ones much thinner; style-branches of
the pistillate flowers slender, long-exserted at maturity; central
hermaphrodite flowers 20 or less their pappus-bristles slightly
dilated at the tip.
Margins of wet places. May to October. Brandegee; Trask; McClatchie ;
Macbride & Payson 841; East End, Smith 5121; Pebble Beach, Nuttall 188,
797. ARROW-WEED.
Tribe 9. CYNAREJE — Thistles or thistle-like herbs with
alternate mostly prickly leaves. Heads large, homogamous, the
flowers all, perfect, or sometimes heterogamous the marginal
flowers then radiatiform and commonly neutral. Bracts of the in-
volucre imbricated, usually prolonged into a spine or bristle,
or provided with a membranous edge. Receptacle bristly or
hairy, seldom with true bracts, Rays none. Corollas tubular,
cleft into long narrow lobes. Anthers with elongated appendage at the
tip, caudate at the base. Style-branches short, commonly united up to
the obtuse lips, commonly with a pubescent ring below. Pappus
bristly or plinnose rarely paleaceous or wanting.
Achenes inserted by their very base :
Filaments distinct 36. CiRSiUM
Filaments united below into a tube 37. Silybum
Achenes obliquely inserted 38. Centaure.\
Flora OF Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugii & Nuttall 295
^6, CIRSIUM Scop.
Spiny herbs with mostly lobed or pinnatifid alternate or basal
leaves, all of ours more or less tomentost;. Heads large, solitary or
clustered, homogamous (rarely dioecious) ; the flowers white, reddish
or crimson, Involucral bracts imbricate, the outer terminating in
spines, the inner aspinous. Receptacle soft-bristly or hairy, not fleshy.
Corollas tubular, their segments linear-filiform. Achenes compressed
or 4-angled, smooth in all our species. Pappus of a single series of
bristles connate at the very base and deciduous as a whole.
I. C. occidentale (Nutt.) Jepson, Fl. W, Mid. Calif, 509 (1901).
Carduus occidentalis Nutt. Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. 2, 7:41^
(1841).
Cnicus occidentalis Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10:45 (1874).
Stout, 5-10 dm. high, white with a thick coating of cottony wool
when young; leaves from sinuate-dentate to pinnatifid, not very
prickly, glabrate above, canescent beneath ; heads subglobose on nearly
naked peduncles; involucre 3-6 cm. high; its bracts straight and
subulate-lanceolate, with slender spines, not widely spreading, densely
festooned with cobwebby hairs: flowers red or purple; corolla seg-
ments longer than the throat; anther-tips narrow and acuminate;
pappus rather scanty.
Stony and sandy arroyas. February to July. Lyon; Trask (U. S., Field) ;
Brandegee; Eastwood 6497; Avalon Valley, Smith 5004; Millsp. 4893, Nuttall 72,
7S; Hamilton, Gallagher's and Silver Canyons, Millsp. 4703, 4^76. 4882; Knopf
J16. THISTLE.
^,7. SILYBUM Vaill.
Annual or biennial herbs with very ample prickly clasping leaves
smooth and shining above and very conspicuously blotched with white
along the veins. Heads very large, solitary at the ends of the branches,
homogamous. Bracts of the involucre broad, appressed, bearing an
abruptly spreading spine which is broadly lanceolate or ovate and
ciliate-prickly toward the base. Flowers purple. Corollas with fili-
form tube conspicuously dilated below the narrowly linear lobes.
Pappus-bristles in several series, flattish, minutely barbellate.
1. S. Marianum (L.) Gasrtn. Fruct. 2:378 (1791).
Carduus Marianus Linn. Sp. PI. 823 (1753).
Branching, 10-20 dm. high ; lower leaves 5 dm. or more long and
over I dm. wide, sinuate-pinnatifid, strongly undulate at the sinuses ;
upper leaves smaller, nearly spinulose-toothed ; heads 2.5-5 cm. broad.
296 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. Y.
exclusive of the broad stout spreading- or recurved spines which are
often 3 cm. long.
A European introduction becoming naturalized. June to July. Trask
(N. Y., Field) ; Brandegce. Sea beach at the mouth of Silver Catiyon, Nuttall
316. MILK THISTLE.
38. CENTAUREA Linn.
Erect or diffuse usually rigid herbs with alternate leaves and
medium-sized or large heads. Involucre ovoid or globose the bracts
imbricated and ending in a needle-like spine or in a fringed or toothed
(rarely entire) appendage. Receptacle densely bristly the bristles
persistent. Flowers all tubular, the marginal much larger and neutral
or the heads homogamous. Achenes somewhat compressed, mostly
smooth, notched just above the base indicating the oblique or lateral
attachment.
I. C. Melitensis Linn. Sp. PI. 917 (1753).
An erect, commonly much branched annual, 3-8 dm. high, with a
roughish indument, the stems narrowly winged by the decurrent
leaves ; basal leaves pinnatifid, the upper narrow and mostly entire ;
heads terminal and solitary, or 2-3 together ; involucre i cm. high its
bracts rigid, the outer with palmatifid spine, the intermediate and
inner ones with a rigid spine 5-10 mm. long which is either simple or
with divaricate short spines at base ; flowers yellow ; pappus-bristles
in about 3 rows, the middle row long, the outer and inner very short.
Established from Europe, in waste ground. Febrjjary to July. Lyon;
Brandcgec : vicinity of Avalon, Eastwood 647g (hairy), 6480 (glabrous, Gray,
Field) ; on the Golf Links, Millsp. 4713; Pebble Beach Road, Smith 5039, Nut-
tall 74; Knopf 128. TECALOTE, STAR THISTLE
Tribe 10. MUTISIEAi — Herbs and shrubs or rarely twining
or arborescent plants. Leaves alternate. Receptacle mostly naked.
Heads in our genera homogamous the flowers all perfect and the
corolla bilabiate. Anthers with long tails at base; anther-tips also
elongated. Style-branches of perfect flowers not appendaged, usually
short and blunt, without node below.
39. PEREZIA Lag.
Perennial branching herbs. Involucre imbricated; bracts charta-
ceous or coriaceous. Receptacle flat, usually naked. Flowers never
yellow. Style-branches flattened above, truncate. Achenes elongated-
oblong, terete, sometimes narrowed at apex but not beaked. Pappus
of many capillary scabrous bristles.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 297
I. P. microcephala (DC.) Gray, PI. Wr. i : 127 (1852).
Acourtia microcephala DC. Prodr. 7:66 (1838).
Somewhat stout, commonly i meter or more high, leafy; herbage
scabrous-puberulent and minutely glandular; leaves thin, 1-2 dm. long
by 3-8 cm. broad, oblong, mostly acute, sessile by a broad or clasping
base, finely and closely denticulate ; heads numerous in terminal cymose
panicles, io-15-flowered ; involucre 7-9 mm. high; bracts oblong, ab-
ruptly acuminate or mucronate; corollas rose-color or whitish or pure
white, bilabiate, the outer lip, and 3-toothed inner, 2-lobed ; pappus
soft, white.
In the chaparral. May to Septerrtber. Lyon; Brandegcc; vicinity of Ava-
lon, Eastwood 6493 (labelled P. sericophylla) ; Pebble Beach Road, Pendleton
1368, Nuttall 353; without locality and in Cherry Canyon, Smith 4975, 50S1;
Banning Valley Camp, Knopf 169.
Phylum B. PTERIDOPHYTA.
FERNS AND FERN-ALLIES
Plants containing woody and vascular tissues, producing spores
asexually, which, on germination, develop small flat mostly green
prothallia (gametophyte). On these are borne the reproductive or-
gans, the female known as archegones, the male as antherids. From
the fertilization of the egg in the archegone by spermatozoids pro-
duced in the antherid, the asexual phase {sporophyte) of the plant is
developed ; this phase is represented by an ordinary fern, lycopod, or
horsetail.
Spores produced in sporanges borne on the leaves, or
panicled, or in special conceptacles i. Filicales
Spores produced in sporanges clustered underneath
the scales of terminal cone-like spikes 2. Equisetales
Spores produced in sporanges borne in the axils of
scale-like leaves 3. Lvcopodiales
Order i. FILICALES.^:=
Spores all of one kind and size, produced in sporanges, which are
borne usually in clusters (sori) on the back of a leaf or on greatly
modified pinnae.
Family i. POLYPODIACE^.
Ferns of various habit, the rootstocks horizontal and often elong-
ated, or short and erect, the leaves entire, pinnate, pinnatifid or decom-
pound, coiled in vernation, mostly with petioles (stipes). Sporanges
borne in clusters (sori) on the lower side or margins of the leaves
♦Determinations by Wm. R. Maxon.
298 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
or their segments, stalked, provided with a vertical ring, opening;
transversely. Sori with or without a membranous covering {indu-
sium). Prothallium green.
Sori marginal or submarginal :
Sori interrupted on leaf -lobes at the ends of the veins
I. Adiantum
Sori continuous around the leaf segments 2. Pellaea
.Sori dorsal, orbicular or nearly so:
Sori without indusia :
Sori nearly confluent, leaves powdery beneatli
3. PiTYROGRAMMA
Sori distinctly separate, leaves not powdery beneath
4. POLVPODIUM
Sori with indusia :
Sori borne on the backs of veins S. Dryopteris
I. ADIANTUM Linn.
Graceful ferns of rocky hillsides, woods, and ravines, with much
divided leaves and short marginal sori borne on the under side of the
reflexed and altered portion of the pinnule, which serves as an indu-
sium. Stipes and branches of the leaves slender or filiform, often
polished and shining.
Indusia recurving only a portion of the leaf-margin
I. Capillus-Veneris
Indusia recurving the entire leaf-margin 2. Jordani
J. A. Capillus-Veneris Linn. Sp. PI. 1096 (1753).
Rootstock creeping, rather slender, chaffy with light-brown scales.
Stipes very slender, black, or nearly so and shining, 7.6-30 cm. long;
blades ovate-lanceolate in outline, 2-pinnate below, simply pinnate
above, membranous, 15.3-60 cm. long, 10-30 cm. wide at the base:
pinnules and upper pinnae wedge-obovate or rhomboid, rather long-
stalked, glabrous, the upper margin rounded and more or less deeply
incised, the sterile lobes crenate or dentate-serrate, the fertile ones
with lunate or transversely oblong indusia ; main and secondary'
rachises and .stalks of the pinnules black or dark brown.
Rare. On rocks near permanent water. June to September. Norris;
McClatchie; rock of waterfall near mouth of Cottonwood Creek, Nuttall 831.
MAIDEN-HAIR.
2. A. Jordani C. Muell. Bot. Zeit. 22 : 25 (1864).
Plant 15.3 cm. to 6.8dm. high, usually erect; stalks rather stouter
than the last, nearly black, polished, about half the whole height of the
plant ; fronds broadly ovate or deltoid-pyramidal, simply pinnate
towards the apex, 2-3-pinnate below ; pinnae obliquely spreading,
lower ones half as long as the frond; pinnules long-stalked, 8.4-31.5
mm. broad, roundish or semi-circular or even reniform the lower sides
Flora OF Santa Catalina Island — Milvspaugh & Nuttall 299
entire, the outer edge rounded, slightly 2-5-lobed, finely and sharply
toothed in the sterile fronds, but in the fertile recurved and forming
pale transversely elongated involucres.
Prevalent on moist canyon slopes in shade. In fruit January to June.
Mrs. Trask; Lyon; Brandegee (as A. emarginatum) ; Cherry Canyon, Smith
3083, Fisher; Gallagher's Canyon, Eastzvood 6465, Millsp. 4463, 4870; Equestrian
Trail, Rattlesnake Canyon, and White's Landing, Millsp. 4773, 4594, 4859; Ava-
lon Valley, Golf Links Canyon and Piedra Escalera Canyon, Nuttall 586, 387, 86,
7^8; Pebble Beach Canyon, Nuttall 201, 361, 720, 1086, 1 126, Knopf 30, S3.
CALIFORNIA MAIDEN-HAIR.
2. PELL^A Link.
Rock-loving small or medium-sized ferns, vk'ith nearly uniform
leaves, the blades 1-3-pinnate, smooth, the fertile divisions commonly
narrower than the sterile. Sori roundish or elongate, on the free
veins, usually confluent in a submarginal line. Indusium formed by
the reflexed margins of the segments.
Pinnules obtuse or emarginate i. andromedaefolia
Pinnules rigidly mucronulate 2. mucronata
1. P. andromedaefolia (Kaulf.) Fee, Gen. Fil. 129 (1850-2).
Pteris andromedaefolia Kaulf. Enum. Fil. 138 (1824).
Rootstock slender, creeping, chafify with narrow rusty scales;
stalks scattered, erect, terete, smooth, brownish or reddish, chaffy at
the base, variable in length: fronds io.i-6o.8cm. long, ovate or ovate-
oblong, 2-4-pinnate ; primary pinnae spreading, oftenest opposite,
ovate-lanceolate ; ultimate pinnules glaucescent, subsessile, 4.2-8.4 mm.
long, broadly oval, slightly cordate and emarginate, fertile ones with
the edges rolled back to the midvein : involucre herbaceous with a
narrow whitish edge.
Under bushes and large rocks on canyon slopes. In fruit February to July.
Trask; Brandegee; Avalon Valley and Hay Press, Millsp. 4559, 4^77; Golf
Links Canyon, Big Wash Canyon and Snake Canyon, Nuttall 90, 346, 721, 736;
Rock Spring Canyon, Knopf 124. COFFEE FERN.
J. P. mucronata D, C. Eaton, Torr. Mex. Bound. Bot. 233 (1859).
Allosorus mucronatus D. C. Eaton, Am. Jour. Sci. 2, 22 : 138
(1856).
Pellaea ornithopus Hook. Sp. Fil. 2:143 (1858).
Rootstock short, thick, knotted, densely chaffy with very narrow
dark-brown scales ; stalks clustered, rather stout and very rigid, dark-
purpHsh or almost black, polished, 5.1-25.4 cm. long; fronds lo.i-
30.3 cm. long, rigid, broadly ovate-lanceolate, tripinnate or in smaller
plants bipinnate ; primary pinnae spreading or obliquely ascending,
linear, bearing from a few up to 16 pairs of usually trifoliolate, but
varying to simple or to 5-7-foliolate, nearly sessile pinnules, which are
300 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
commonly 3-6.3 mm. long, coriaceous, mucronulate, glaucescent be-
neath, roundish-quadrate in the very rare sterile fronds, and in the
fertile fronds having the margins rolled back to the midvein.
Common, but most plentiful beneath Opuntia clumps. In fruit the year
around. Lyon; Trask; Brandcgee; Equestrian Trail, Millsp. 4655,' Avalon Can-
yon, Nutta'U 130, 711; Snake Canyon, Nuttall X151; Rock Spring Canyon.
Knopf 282; ridge between Descanso and Hamilton Canyons, Millsp. 44'^7- TEA
FERN. CALAGUALA.
The dried leaves, when steeped, make a fragrant, pleasant tea. Also used
thus as a tonic and remedy for pulmonary affections.
3. PITYROGRAMMA Link.
Terrestrial ferns, with tufted, mostly bipinnate leaves, usually
white-powdery or yellow-pov/dery on the under side, the sori dorsal,
linear along the veins, nearly confluent. Indusia wanting.
Upper surface of lamina glabrous i. triangularis
Upper surface of lamina glandular, viscid, or both 2. viscosa
1. P. triangularis (Kaulf.) Maxon, Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 17 :i73
Gymnogramme triangularis Kaulf. Enum. til. y^ (1824).
Stalks densely tufted, slender, blackish-brown, polished, 1-3.3
dm. long: fronds deltoid or pentagonal, 5.i-i2.7cm. long and nearly
as broad, pinnate ; the lower pair of pinnae much the largest, triangular,
broadest on the lower side, bipinnatifid ; the rest oblong or lanceolate,
more or less pinnately lobed or incised ; segments rounded-obtuse,
crenated ; lower surface coated with a yellow or white waxy powder,
upper surface smooth or minutely granular; lines of fruit forking,
bursting through the colored powder, and at length nearly obscuring it.
On dry canyon slopes, common. In fruit April to August. Trask; Brande-
gec (Greene's list as Notholaena Candida); under scrub oaks at the Wishbone,
beyond the Summit and in Middle Ranch Canyon, Millsp. 4566, 4567, 4574; hill-
side in Avalon Valley, Moxley 745; Hamilton and Pebble Beach Canyons, Knopf
82, 176; Golf Links Canyon, Nuttall 87. GOLDEN BACK, GOLD FERN.
2. P. viscosa (Nutt.) Maxon, Contr. Nat. Herb. 17 : 173 (1913)-
Gymnogramme viscosa Nutt. D. C. Eaton, Ferns of Southwest
305 (1878).
Ceropteris viscosa Undw. Bull. Torr. Club 29:631 (1902).
Pityrogramma triangularis viscosa Weatherby, Rhod. 22:117
(1920).
Frond ovate-pyramidal ; pinnae rather distant ; upper surface
viscid, as if varnished ; powder of the lower surface creamy white.
Common on canyon slopes in the shade of scrub oaks. In fruit April to
August. Lyon; Trask; Brandegee; Grant 122; Avalon Valley, on a steep,
grassy slope under oaks, Millsp. 4501. Moxley 688, 745, Fisher; Hamilton Canyon
on a grassy slope at the base of rocks, Millsp. 4464; Descanso Canyon slopes,
Millsp. 4466, Knopf loS; open rocky place above Chicken Johnny's, Pebble
Beach and Snake Canyons, Nuttall 141, 200. 737. STICKY FERN,
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 301
4. POLYPODIUM Linn.
Mainly shade-loving species of various habit, commonly epiphytic
in the humid tropics, the leaves articulate to the creeping or ascending
rhizome at the base of the stipe, the blades ranging from simple to
bipinnate or several times pinnatifid, the veins free. Sori round or less
commonly oval or elliptical, dorsal or sometimes terminal on the veins.
Indusia wanting.
I. P. calif omicum Kaulf. Enum. Fil. 102 (1824).
P. intermedium H. & A. Bot. Beech. 405 (1841) non Muhl.
Stalks moderately slender; fronds from 5.1-30.6 cm, long, papery-
herbaceous or, if grown near the sea, subcoriaceous, ovate or ovate-
oblong, pinnatifid almost to the midrib; segments numerous, oblong-
linear, acute or obtuse, the lower ones mostly opposite, narrowed at
the lower side of the base, and separated by rounded sinuses, the upper
ones often opposite, dilated at the base, especially on the upper side,
and separated by narrow sinuses ; margins obscurely or plainly serrate,
rarely even incised ; veins with four to six veinlets, and often forming
a single series of oblique areolations which extend nearly to the
margin: sori somewhat oval, rather remote from the margin.
On rocky canyon slopes and bases of cliff rocks. In fruit January to June.
Trask; Brandegee ; crevices of exposed cliff along Pebble Beach Road, Millsp.
4521, 4637, 4638, Moxley 733; same situation Lookout Point, Millsp. 4556;
crevices of wet rock in Swain's Canyon, Millsp. 4593; in the shade of low scrub
oaks at the Wishbone and in Middle Ranch Canyon, Millsp. 4565, 4573; on a
grassy slope of Hamilton Canyon, Millsp. 4465; Golf Links Canvon, Nuttall 85.
CALIFORNIA POLYPODY.
[P. Scouleri. Mrs. Trask's wording of her report of this species on Santa
Catalina (Erythea 7:142) plainly indicates that the plants she had in mind
could not have been this species. Parish says (Fern Bull. 9:40): "Mrs.
Trask's specimens are really vigorous forms of P. californicum." Brandegee's
listing of the species (Zoe 1:115) is based solely upon Mrs. Trask stating to
him that it grew upon the island. It does not appear in his herbarium.]
5. DRYOPTERIS Adans.
Ferns with simple to 2-3-pinnate or pinnatifid leaves and round
sori usually borne on the backs of the veins, the fertile and sterile
leaves usually similar. Indusium flattish, roundish-reniform, superior,
fixed by its sinus, or the indusium minute and vestigial or altogether
wanting. Stipe continuous, not jointed with the rootstock. Veins
free or anastomosing.
I. D. arguta (Kaulf.) Watt. Canad. Nat. 2, 13 : 159 (1867).
Aspidium argutum Kaulf. Enum. Fil, 242 (1824).
Root-stock stout ; rather short, ascending, very chafTy ; stalks
22.9 cm. to 3.3 dm. long, erect, rigid, chaffy with ample bright-fer-
302 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
ruginous pointed scales; fronds in a crown, half -evergreen, fimi-
membranaceous or sub-coriaceous, smooth and green above, paler and
more or less glandular beneath, 3.3-6.8 dm. long, ovate-lanceolate or
triangular-lanceolate, usually fully bipinnate ; pinnae broadly oblong-
lanceolate, the lowest ones widest but scarcely shorter than the middle
ones ; pinnules oblong, pinnately incised or doubly serrate, with spinu-
lose teeth, conspicuously veiny; veins much branched; sori large,
nearer the midrib than the margin ; indusia firm, convex, orbicular,
with a very narrow sinus, the edge bearing short-stalked glands.
Oose under thickly leafing shrubs. In fruit February to September. Trask;
Brandegee (as Aspidium rigidum) ; Lyon (in herb. Gray) ; Brandegee (as
Aspidium aculeatum) ; under a dark mass of shrubs near the Wishbone, Millsp.
4564; Banning's Canyon, canyon opposite Chicken Johnny's and Hamilton Can-
yon, Nuttall 335, 723, 863; Pebble Beach Canyon, Millsp. 4693, Nuttall 199, 360;
Knopf 244. YERBA DEL GOLFE.
It is claimed that a hot infusion of the .rootstalks applied to painful bruises
causes a prompt relief of the pain and discoloration.
[Cheilanthes californica Mett. reported by Mrs. Trask (in Erythea 7:
142), and copied into Brandegee's list, must be an error. No Catalina plant of
this species has been seen by us either in herbaria or in the field.]
Order 2. EQUISETALES.*
Rush-like perennial plants, with horizontal rootstocks and mostly
hollow-jointed simple or often much-branched grooved stems, provided
with a double series of cavities and usually with a large central one,
the branches whorled, the nodes provided with diaphragms. Leaves
reduced to toothed sheaths at the joints. Sporanges with one cavity,
clustered underneath the scales of terminal spike-like cones. Spores
uniform, furnished with 2 narrow appendages (elaters) attached at the
middle, coiling around the spores when moist, and spreading when dry,
in diverse ways. Prothallia terrestrial, green, dioecious, or some
species monoecious.
Family i. EQUISETACEiE.
HORSETAIL FAMILY
Characters of the order as above.
1. EQUISETUM Linn.
Characters as above.
Sheath segments not with a central groove, teeth deciduous.
1. kansanum
Sheath segments and persistent teeth of both the main stems
and branches bicarinate with a deep central groove.
2. Telmateia
* By John H. Schafifner.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 303
I. E. kansanum Schaffn. Ohio Nat. 13:21 (1912).
Aerial stems usually 3-9 dm. high, annual, very smooth, 15-30
grooved, usually without simple branches unless broken off; color
mostly light-green; surface of the ridges and grooves with cross or
diagonal bands ; sheaths long, dilated above and usually constricted at
the base, green with a narrow black band at the top, teeth deciduous ;
cones ovate or oblong-ovate, without a point, the apex obtuse or merely
acute.
Bare clayey banks. July to August. Middle Ranch Canyon, Nuttall ,?p9,
7j^. (This may be the E. robustum of Davidson (Ervthea 2:30), and E. mex-
^canttm of McClalchie (ibid. 122). KANSAS SCOURING-RUSH.
2. E. Telraateia Ehrh. Hannov. Mag. 287 (1783). Milde, Nov.
Act. Acad. Caes. Leop. 32, 2 1240 (1865).
Stems stout, often thick as one's finger; the sterile ones ivory-
white or greenish, 6-20 dm. high, 20-40- furrowed, the ridges smooth;
branches verticillate, very numerous, erect-spreading, usually simple,
4-6-sided, the ridges rough and deeply sulcate, the lowest joint shorter
than the sheath of the stem; fertile stems brownish-white or brown,
many-furrowed, the loose brownish sheaths very long, often longer
than the internodes : cones 2.6-7.6 cm. long.
In water, June to July. In the stream of Middle Ranch Canyon below
Eagle's Nest, Nuttall 848, Knopf 248. IVORY HORSETAIL.
Order 3. LYCOPODIALES.
Spores produced in sporanges, which arc borne in the axils of
-cale-like or elongated leaves.
Family i. SELAGINACE^.
resurrection-plant family
Terrestrial, annual or perennial, moss-like plants with branching
stems and scale-like leaves, which are many-ranked and uniform, or
4-ranked and of two types spreading in two planes. Sporanges i-
celled, solitary in the axils of leaves which are so arranged as to form
more or less quadrangular spikes, some containing 4 macrospores
(macrospo ranges), others containing numerous microspores (mtcro-
sporanges), which develop into small prothallia, those from the macro-
spores bearing archegones, those from the microspores antherids. The
family consists of the following genus :
304 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
I. SELAGINELLA Beauv.
Characters of the family.
1. S. Bigelovii Underw. Bull. Torr. Eot. Club. 25 : 130 (1898).
Stems slender, 10-20 cm. lon^, mostly ascending, flexuous, usually
with short ascending primary branches ; secondary branches infrequent
and mostly very short ; stems rooting only near the base ; leaves about
six-ranked, appressed-imbricate, usually with a distinct dorsal channel,
narrowly lanceolate, tapering gradually into a densely spinulose white
awn often 0.7 mm. long; margins with 12-15 cilia on either side which
are directed forward and usually less than 50 /i long; spikes obtusely
quadrangular, mostly on short lateral branches 5 mm. or less long, the
bracts short, broadly ovate but otherwise like the leaves.
Dry hillsides and ridges, common. Not collected in fruit. Lyon; Brande-
gee (as S. rupcsfris) ; Grant & Wheeler 00126; slope of Rock Spring Canyon,
Millsp. 4502; ridge between Rock Spring and Rock Falls Canyons, Nuttall 552;
foot trail to Summit, Knopf 325. RESURRECTION PLANT.
Phylum C. BRYOPHYTA.
MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS
Small plants, producing minute usually spherical bodies, called
spores, in capsules, from which arise a protonema on which are borne
the plants bearing archegonia and antheridia, from which the fruit is
formed, these in turn bear spores.
There are two classes which differ from each other as follows :
Plants with a leaf}', never bilateral, axis or stem ; leaves mostly
costate ; no elaters mixed with the spores ; calyptra ruptured
at the base and borne upward by the growing capsule as a cap
or head i. Musci
Plants either thalline or with a bilateral axis or stem ; leaves
always without costa; elaters mixed with the spores except in
Ricciaceae ; calyptra ruptured in the upper part by the growing
capsule and remaining at base of the capsule or its pedicel
2. Hepaticae
Class I. MUSCL*
MOSSES
Terrestrial, epiphytic, or rarely aquatic plants, showing two dis-
tinctly marked but closely connected and continuous phases of growth,
or alternate generations, usually having stem, leaves and rhizoids but
not true roots ; stems arising from a more or less ephermeral pro-
tonema, which originates from the spore, forming either a filamentous
* By R. S. Williams.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 305
or thallose growth. Sexual organs borne either apically or laterally
on the stem, usually in special buds ; antheridia and archegonia on the
same plant or on separate plants ; antheridium containing ciliate
sperms; archegonium a single egg, after the fertilization of which the
embryo develops into the fruit, rupturing the walls of the arche-
gonium in its growth ; the upper part of the archegonium. is carried
up by the elongation of the pedicel, forming the calyptra, which in
many mosses covers and protects the capsule while it is developing.
Capsule usually with a central axis forming the columella, around
which the spore-sac is developed, usually separated from the walls
by air-spaces and chlorophyl-bearing tissue. Capsule splitting reg-
ularly by a lid or slits, or breaking irregularly; when regular, fre-
quently developing teeth around the mouth, forming the peristome,
which serves in protecting and scattering the spores.
Order 1. BRYALES.
Family i. DICRANACE^.
1. DICRANELLA Schimp.
I. D. rubra (Huds.) Kindb. Eur. & N. Am. Bryin. 208 (1897).
Bryum rubntm Huds. Fl. Angl. 413 (1762).
Gosely massed on a sharply inclined clay bank, under shade, banks of a
rill in the narrow cleft of Gallagher's Canyon, March 25, 1920, Millsp. 4872.
Family 2. FISSIDENTACEffi.
I. FISSIDENS Hedw.
I. F. limbatus Sull. Bot. Pac. R. R. Survey 4 : 185 pi. i ( 1856) .
On soil in dense shade of low shrubs, Rock Falls Canyon, March 10, 1920;
and in shade on sandy loam, Cherry Valley, March 17, 1920, Millsp. 4763, 4799.
Family 3. POTTIACE.ffi:.
I. BARBULA Hedw.
I. B. artocarpa Lesq, Trans. Am- Phil. Soc. 13: 4 (1869).
One of the commoner species of the Island. On rocks, pebbles and disin-
tegrating rock. In fruit January to April. Avalon Run, Millsp. 4513, 4730,
Knopf 299 pt.; 377 pt.; Pebble Beach Canyon, Millsp. 4695, 4889; Rock Falls
Canyon, Millsp. 4762; Descanso Canyon, Millsp. 4664, 4665; Hamilton Canyon,
Millsp. 4902; the Wishbone, Knopf 328 pt.
3o6 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, \'ol. V.
2. B. subfallax C. M. Bot. Zeit. 20 .-338 (1862).
On soil, Cottonwood Canyon, April 30, 1922, Knopf 405; Middle Ranch Can-
yon, Apr. 16, 1922, Knopf 412.
3, B. vinealis Brid. BrycJ. Univ. i :830 (1826).
Without definite locality, Kingman.
2. DESMATODON Brid.
1. D. Hendersoni (R. & C.) Williams cotnb. nov. Plate XII
Didymodon Hendersoni Ren. & Card. Bot. Gaz. 15:151 pi. <;
(1890).
Dioecious, the male plants very similar to the fertile, with usually a
single terminal flower, the 5 or 6 antheridia about one-third mm. long
with few, inconspicuous paraphyses ; plants in compact cushions with
somewhat branching, slightly radiculose stems 10-12 mm. high, or sterile
specimens occasionally 2-3 cm. high ; stem-leaves incurved when dry,
st)mewhat spreading and recurved when moist, the upper about 1.5 mm.
long, becoming gradually smaller below, with obtuse or broadly acute
apex, the margins entire and more or less recurved and decurrent at
base; costa not quite percurrent, more or less rough on the back in
upper part, in cross-section showing mostly 4 guide cells, one or two
rows of large cells above them, and below, a stereid band enclosed by
rather large outer cells ; leaf-cells more or less mamillose on both .sides,
those of upper part of leaf irregularly roundish or hexagonal, about
SfJL in diameter, in basal part more or less rectangular, up to 30 by
8 ft, the cell-walls all slightly thickened ; seta smooth, 7-8 mm. long ;
capsule oblong-cylindric, erect, about i mm. long without the lid ;
median exothecal cells large, mostly a little elongate, with thin walls,
the 4 or 5 rows of cells about the mouth smaller and slightly trans-
versely elongate ; stomata few, mostly in one row at the base of capsule ;
annulus none; peristome pale, densely papillose throughout, of 16 flat,
irregular teeth, more or less divided or slit here and there along the
median line, from a rather low basal membrane ; lid conical, with a
nearly erect, subulate beak mostly a little shorter than the capsule, the
cells all in erect rows ; calyptra subulate, descending only to the base of
the beak, more or less slightly slit on one side, the elongate cells in
oblique rows with thickened sinuous walls in the upper part; spores
smooth, about 12 /* in diameter.
On wet rock, Pebble Beach Canyon, February 7, 1920, Millsp. 4^1: on .soil
near the stream, Cottonwood Canyon, Apr. 30, 1922, Knopf 403.
D. Guepinii B. S. G. Bry. Eur. 18-20 (Desmatodon 8) (1843).
With Asterella Palmeri, Cottonwood Canyon, Apr. 30, 1922, Knopf 408a.
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
DESMATODON HENDERSONI (R. & C.) R. S. Will.
Plant about natural size.
Capsule X lo.
Lid and calyptras x 12.
Apex of stem-leaf x 275.
Male flower x 12.
Median cells of leaf x 275.
Cells just above middle of calyptra x 275.
8. Part of peristome and capsule x 180.
9. Cells in basal part of leaf x 275.
10. Cross-section of leaf about half-way down
X 180.
11-13. Upper, middle and lower stem-leaf x 25.
14. Inner perichaetial leaves x 25,
15. Median exothecal cells x 180.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 307
3. ALOINA Kindb.
I. A. ericaefolia (Neck.) Kindb. Laubin. Schwed. 137 (1883).
Bryum ericae folium Neck. Act. Acad. Theod. pal. 2:45 (i?/^)-
On a level sandy spot in an opening in the chaparral, Avalon Valley, Feb'
ruary 3, 1920 ; and on open, flat, alluvium soil of a sheep pasture. White's Land-
ing, January 13, 1920, Millsp. 4652, 4589; Middle Ranch Canyon, Apr. i6, 1923,
Knopf 411.
4. TORTULA Hedw.
1. T.atrovirens (Sm.) Lindb. DeTort. 236 (1864).
Grimmia atroznrens Smith Eng. Bot. 28 : pi. 2015 ( 1809) .
On soil in Avalon Valley, February 13, 1922, Knopf 2gg.
2. T. raontana (Nees) Lindb. Muse. Scand. 20 (1879).
Syntrichia niontana Nees Flora 2 (pt. i ) : 301 ( 1819) .
On limestone rocks, summit of Mt. Martha, Gallagher's Canyon and Silver
Canyon, March, Millsp. 4842, 4871, 4881; Avalon Valley in association wiA
Bryum californkum (Knopf 326), and Hamilton Canyon, January 2, 1922,
Knopf 307; Bulrush Canyon, Apr. 16, 1922, Knopf 407b.
5. DIDYMODON Hedw.
I. D. tophaceus (Brid.) Jur. Laub. 100 (1819).
Trichostomum tophaceum Brid. Mant. 84 (1819).
Near a calcareous spring, Kingman.
Family 4. GRIMMIACE-ffi.
I. GRIMMIA Ehrh.
I. G. trichophylla Grev. Flora Edin. 235 (1824).
On the dry face of a rough conglomerate cliff, Swain's Canyon, White's
Landing, January 13, 1920, Millsp. 4592; associated with Tortula montana on
the top of a large limestone mass, Gallagher's Canyon, March 25, 1920. Millsp.
Family 5. ORTHOTRICHACE.ffi:.
I. ORTHOTRICHUM Hedw.
1 . O. Lyellii Hook. & Tayl. Muse. Brit. 76, t. 22 ( 1818) ,
On limb of Quercus tomentella. Bulrush Canyon, Apr. 16, 1922, Knopf 407.
2. O.cylindrocarpum Lesq.Tr. Am. Phil. Soc. 13:6 (1863).
With the last, Knopf 407a.
3o8 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Family 6. FUNARIACEiE.
I. FUNARIA Schreb.
1. F. hygrometrica Sibth. Fl. Oxon. 288 (1794).
Mnium hygrometricum L. Sp, PI. i (ed. 2) 11 10 (1753).
On moist sand in exposed places, January to March. Avalon Valley, Rock
Spring and Rock Falls Canyons, Millsp. 4512, 4645, 4708, 4710, 4764; Chicken
Johnny's Canyon, Knopf 327.
2. F. mediterranea. Lindb. Ofv. Vet. Ak. Forh. 20:399 (1863).
Thinly deposited on the down-side of a dry boulder, Pebble Beach Canyon,
March 28, 1920, Millsp. 4S8ga; Grand Canyon, Apr. 30, 1922, Knopf 409a.
Family 7. BRYACEiE.
I. BRYUM Dill.
1. B, argenteum lanatum (P. Beauv.) B. S. & G. Bryol Eur. 4:
(Bryiim) 78. (1839).
Mnium lanatum P. Beauv. Prodr. 75 ( 1805).
On dry soil of a clwiparral opening, Golf Links Canyon, January 29, 1920,
Millsp. 4644.
2. B. calif ornicum Sull. Bot. Pac. R. R. Survey 4:186 pi. 6 (1856).
On level sandy soil, Avalon Canyon, January to February, Millsp. 4646;
Knopf 326.
3. B. intermedium (Ludw.) Brid. Mant. Muse. 120 (1819).
Mnium intermedium Ludw. Moos. Cent. i. no. 81 (1802).
On a steep, grassy bank with northerly exposure. Pebble Beach Canyon,
February 7, 1920, Millsp. 4694.
4. B. torquescens. B. & G. Bry. Eur. 4: (Bryum) 49. pi. 20 (1839).
In soil of the roadside at the Wishbone near the spring, March 18, 1922,
Knopf 328.
5. B. obconicum Hornsch. B. S. G. Bry. Eur. 6-9 (Bryum 59)
(1839).
Without definite locality, Kingman.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 300
Family 8. LEUCODONTACE^.
I. ALSIA Sull.
I. A. Califomica CHook. & Arn.) Su!l. Proc. Am. Acad, 3:185
(1854).
Neckera Calif ornica Hook. & Am. Beechey's Voy. 162 (1841).
On trees and rocks, Gallagher's Canyon, December 11, 1920, Nuttall 969,
2. ANTITRICHIA Brid.
I. A. califomica Sull. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 13:11 (1863).
On limb of Quercus tomentella, Bulrush Canyon, Apr. 16, 1922, Knopf
4076.
Family 9. LESKEACE^.
I. CLAOPODIUM Lesq. & James.
I. C. leuconeuron (Sull. & Lesq.) Ren. & Card. Rev. Bryol. 20 : 16
(1893).
Hypnum leuconeuron Sull & Lesq. Muse. Bor. Am. ed. 2:68
(1865).
Middle Ranch Canyon, Apr. 16, 1922, Knopf 413.
Family 10. BRACHYTHECIACE^.
I. • CAMPTOTHECIUM Bry. Eur. .
1. C. arenarium (Lesq.) Jacq. Ber. St. Gal. Nat. Ger. (1876-77);
380 (1878).
Hypnum arenarium Lesq. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.i3:i3 (1869).
On an earth bank, in perpetual shade, beyond Chicken Johnny's, January
6, 1920, Millsp. 4548 pi.; on damp, shady bank, Pebble Beach Canyon, January
15, 1921, Nuttall 1022.
2. C. dolosum Ren. & Gard. Hedwigia 32:336 (1893).
On an earth bank in perpetual shade. Avalon Valley, January 6, 1920,
Millsp. 454S; on soil, Descanso Canyon, February 24, 1922, Knopf 292; on
limbs of Quercus tomentella. Bulrush Canyon, Apr. 16, 1922, Knopf 407c.
3IO Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
2. SCLEROPODIUM Bryol. Eur.
r. S. californicum (Lesq.) Ren. & Card. Rev. Bryol. 20:20 (1893).
Hypnum californicum Lesq. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 13 113 (1869).
On a wet, grassy bank, Swain's Canyon, January 13, 1920, Millsp. 4593a.
J. S. illecebrum (Vaill. Schw.) Br. & Sch. Bryol. Eur. 6: (Sclero-
podium) 3. pi. 2 (557) (1853).
Hypnum illecebrum Vaill. Schwaegr. Suppl. i, pt. 2:255 (1816).
One of the commoner mosses of the island. On damp soil and roots of
trees. Pebble Beach Canyon, Rattle Snake Canyon and Swain's Canyon, Jan-
uary to March, Millsp. 4593, 4692, 4861; Big Wash Canyon and the Coach Road
at the Wishbone and Summit, Knopf 283, 284, 287, 294, 298.
Class 2. HEPATICffi.*
LIVERWORTS.
Terrestrial, epiphytic, or rarely aquatic plants, showing a distinct
alternation of generations, the gametophyte existing as an independent
individual, the very different sporphyte partially or wholly parasitic on
the gametophyte. Gametophyte dorsiventral, consisting of a thallus or
more or less differentiated into stem and leaves, attached to the sub-
stratum by means of rhizoids (true roots none), growing by means of
an apical cell. Sexual organs borne on the upper surface of the
gametophyte or terminal on more or less differentiated branches'. Fer-
tilized egg developing directly into the sporophyte, the wall of the venter
of the archegonium usually developing into a protective cover, or
calyptra, which is not ruptured until the sporophyte is nearly mature.
Sporophyte consisting of a capsule only or differentiated into a cap-
sule (spore-bearing organ), a stalk or a growing region, and a foot
(absorbing organ). Capsule consisting of a wall of sterile cells and a
spore-sac, the latter sometimes with a median sterile portion (colum-
ella), dehiscing irregularly or by means of a lid or of longitudinal
splits ; spore-sac containing spores only or spores and elaters, the
latter consisting of sterile cells, often elongated and usually developing
spiral bands of thickening on their walb.
Order i. MARCHANTIALES.
Gametophyte a prostrate, strap-shaped, dorsiventral thallus,
growing apically, branching dichotomously or from the ventral surface
of the median portion, and showing a distinct differentiation into
*Determinations by Alexander W. Evans.
Flora of Santa Catalin a Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 31 t
tissues, the green tissue usually with air-spaces'. Ventral scales more
or less distinct. Rhizoids of two kinds, the one with smooth walls,
the other with interior peg-like papillae. Antheridia in deep depres-
sions on the upper surface of the thallus, sometimes scattered, some-
times grouped together in more or less definite, sessile or stalked
receptacles. Archegonia similar in position but, when borne on stalked
receptacles (carpocephala), becoming displaced to the lower surface
through intercalary growth. Sporophyte a capsule only or differen-
tiated into capsule, stalk, and foot; elaters (or other sterile cells)
usually present in the capsule.
Family i. RICCIACEiE.
RICCIA FAMILY
]. RICCIA Linn.
R. catalinae Underw. Eot. Gaz. 19 1275 (1894).
On wet soil in the bottom of a deep canyon, McClatchie 441, Sept. 15, 1893.
R. trichocarpa M. A. Howe, Bull. Torrey Club 25 : 184 pi. 337
(1898).
Golf links at Avalon, Kingman.
Family 2. MARCHANTIACE^.
1. TARGIONIA Linn.
I. T. hypophylla Linn. Sp. Plant. 1 136 (1753).
On earth of a moist bank, Hamilton Canyon, January 30, 1921, Nuttall 1066;
at the Wishbone, February 24, 1922, Knopf 286; Kingman; Grand Canyon,
Knopf 409 p.p.; Cottonwood Canyon, Knopf 40S p.p.
2. ASTERELLA Pal.
1. A. californica (Hampe) Underw. Bot. Gaz. 20:60 (1895).
finibriaria californica Hampe, Aust. Hep, Bor. Am. 135 (1873)
nom. Hilda. Underwood, Bull. Illinois State Lab. Nat. Hist.
2:41 (1884).
On moist, sandy or clayey soil, December to May, Avalon Valley, Millsp.
4511, 4653; Rock Spring Canyon and Middle Ranch Canyon, Millsp. 4709, 4575;
Big Wash Canyon, Nuttall 1106, Knopf 2S5; Silver Canyon, Nuttall 277, Knopf
291.
312 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
2. A. Palmeri (Aust.) Underw. Bot. Gaz. 20:61 (1895).
Fimbriaria Palmeri Aust. Bull. Torrey Club 6 147 ( 1875).
In Cottonwood Canyon, Knopf 408. His collection at this locality includes
a few plants of Targionia hypophylla and an occasional fragment of Fossom-
bronia longiseta.
Order 2. JUNGERMANNIALES.
Gametophyte a prostrate, strap-shaped, dorsiventral thallus or
more or less clearly differentiated into stem and leaves, showing slight
tissue differentiation, destitute of air-spaces. Rhizoids all with
.smooth walls. Antheridia in deep depressions or superficial and
usually protected by scales or leaves, sometimes scattered, sometimes
grouped together in more or less definite receptacles or androecia.
Archegonia superficial but usually more or less protected by scales or
leaves. Sporophyte differentiated into capsule, stalk, and foot, the
capsule splitting irregfularly at maturity or more commonly into four
equal valves ; elaters always present.
Family i. JUNGERMANNIACE-ffi.
JUNGERMANNIA FAMILY
Plant body usually prostrate or ascending, dorsiventral, differen-
tiated into stem and leaves ; branches lateral or ventral ; leaves
normally in three longitudinal ranks, two dorsal or lateral and one
ventral, those of the ventral rank (the underleaves) smaller than the
others and sometimes absent altogether. Antheridia borne singly or
in some groups in the axils of more or less specialized leaves, the
perigonial bracts. Archegonia borne singly or in groups at the tips of
branches, surrounded by specialized leaves, the perichaetial bracts
and bracteoles. Perianth present in many genera, consisting of a
cylindrical or prismatic tube open at the apex. Capsule spherical to
cylindrical.
I. FOSSOMBRONIA Raddi.
I. F. longiseta Aust. Hep. Bor. Am. 118 (1873).
Aiidrocryphia longiseta' Aust. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.
1869:228 (1869)
Cottonwood Canyon, Knopf 408. Fragmentary collection with Asterella
Palmeri and Targionia hypophylla.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 313
2. FRULLANIA Raddi.
I. F. catalinae Evans, Trans. Connecticut Acad. 10 ; 1 1. pi. 4. (1897).
On rocks in a canyon, McClatchie, Sept. 8, 1893.
Order 3. ANTHOCEROTALES.
Gametophyte a prostrate dorsiventral thallus, varying from
strap-shaped to circular, with very little cell-differentiation, destitute
of air-spaces but sometimes developing intercellular spaces with
mucilage; green cells with one or a few large flat chloroplasts, often
with a single pyrenoid. Antheridia borne singly or in groups just
below the upper surface of the thallus. Archegonia in irregular dorsal
groups, imbedded, the tip of the neck alone projecting. Sporophyte
differentiated into a broad foot and an elongated cylindrical capsule,
the latter growing indefinitely by means of a basal embryonic region,
splitting at maturity into two valves. Spores surrounding a central
sterile structure, the columella, and interspersed with irregular, often
multicellular elaters, with or without bands of thickening.
Family i. ANTHOCEROTACEiE.
ANTHOCEROS FAMILY.
Characters of the order.
I. ANTHOCEROS Linn.
I. A. Pearsoni M. A. Howe, Bull. Torrey Club 35:8, pi. 322, 323
(1898).
No definite locality, "not rare," Kingman.
Phylum D. THALLOPHYTA.
FUNGI & LICHENES.
This group, for the purposes of this Flora, is arranged rather
loosely. It is deemed best not to repeat published descriptions of
the classes, orders, families or even genera and species, except in
case of new or noteworthy forms, on account of the limited field
work so far accomplished and the, therefore, inadequate covering
of the fungus flora at this time.
The Museum and the authors are deeply indebted to the follow-
ing specialists who have given much of their valuable time and
experience to the identification of species collected, and often added
interesting notes and observations. These collaborators are indicated
after each species : Dr. J. C. Arthur, Dr. E. A. Burt, Dr. C. E.
Fairman, Dr. C. G. Lloyd, Dr. Thos. H. Macbride, Dr. W. A. Mur-
rill and Dr. F. J. Seaver.
314 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Sub-class BASIDIOMYCETES.
mushrooms and toadstools.
A group of fungi in which the spores are borne on the summit of
basidia (enlarged cells arising from the hymenium).
Hjinenium on the free exposed surface of the
sporophore. i. Hymenomycete.
Hymenium enclosed, lining cavities formed
within a peridium. 2. Gastromycete,
Order i. HYMENOMYCETE.
Family i. THELEPHORACEiE.
I. CORTICIUM Pers.
1. C. coUiculosum B. & C. Grevillea 2 113 (1873). ^^^^^ Burt.
On dead wood of a cultivated Eucaljrptus. Avalon, May 20, 1920, Nuttall 402.
2. C. serum Pers. Syn. 580 (1801) , teste Burt.
On Sambucus glauca, Pebble Beach Canyon, July 3, 1920, Nuttall 522h.
3. C. arachnoideum Berk. Outl. 273 (i860). ^ex^^ Burt.
On dead leaves and twigs of Heteromeles, Pebble Beach Canyon, Feby. 10,
1921, Nuttall 1092.
2. PENIOPHORA Cooke.
1. P. velutina (DC.) Cooke, Grev. 8:21 (1879). teste Bvan.
Thelephora velutina DC. Fl. Fr. 6:33 (1805).
On stems of Crossosoma californicum, Big Wash Canyon, July 21, 1920,
Nuttall 889.
2. P. Allesheri Bres. Fung. Trid. 2 :62 (1898). testeBmt.
Diffused on underside of a decorticated Heteromeles log, Grand Canyon.
Jany. 30, 1921, Nuttall 1060.
3. HYMENOCH^TE Lev.
I. H. rubiginosa (Dicks.) Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. Piot. 3. 5: 151 (1846).
teste Burt.
Helvella rubiginosa Dickson Fasc. PI. Crypt. Brit.i :20 (1875).
On the underside of dead lim1)s of Sambucus glauca, Pebble Beach Canyon,
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 315
July 3. 1920; on oak, Gallagher's Canyon, Sept. 15, 1920; and on Rhamnus in-
sularis, Nolava Canyon, June 30, 1920, Nuttall 526, 868, 515.
2, H.tabacina(Sow.)Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. 3, 5:152 (1846) teste ^nr\.
Auricularia tabacina Sowerb. t.25 ( 1 798)
On dead, hard wood of Lyonothamnus floribundus. Isthnnts, July 2S, 1920,
Nuttall 644.
4. STEREUM Pers.
r. S. gansapatum Fr. Hym. Eur. 638 (1874). teste Burt.
On bark of Lyonothamnus floribundus, Gallagher's Canyon, Sept. 15, 1920,
Nuttall 883.
2. S. heterosporum Burt Theleph. N. Am. 12 : 220 ( 1920). teste Burt
On dead twigs of Elncelia californica, Isthmus, Aug. 30, 1920, Nuttall 82$;
on bark of Crossosoma californicum. Big Wash Canyon, July 21, 1920, Nuttall
889b; on bark of Laurocerasus Lyoni, Nolava Canyon, June 30, 1920, Nuttall
516; on dead wood of a cultivated Eucalyptus, Avalon, May 20, 1920, Nuttall
402b; on bark of Adenostoma fasciculatum, Equestrian Trail, Aug. 7, 1920;
Nuttall 777; on decorticated Eucalj^ptus log, Big Wash Canyon, Jany. 29, 1921,
Nuttall 1047.
3. S. hirsutum (Willd.) Fr. Epicr. 549 (1838). teste Burt.
Thelephora hirsuta Willd. Fl. Ber. 397 ( 1787) .
On bark of oak, Avalon, June 16, 1920, May 28, 1920, Nuttall 395, 397, 398;
same, Gallagher's Canyon, Nuttall 869; on bark of Adenostoma faciculatum.
Equestrian Trail, Aug. 7, 1920, Nuttall 778; on decorticated wood of Lyonotham-
nus floribundus, Gallagher's Canyon, Sept. 15, 1920, Nuttall 883b; on Quercus
dumosa, near base of Black Jack and on same in Hamilton Canyon, Knopf 304,
305; on dead Heteromeles, Pebble Beach Canyon, Feb. 10, 1921, Nuttall 1088.
4. S. ochraceo-flavum Schw.Rep.N.Y.Mus.22 : 86 ( 1869) teste Burt.
On bark of Nicotiana glauca, Avalon, May 28, 1920, Nuttall 379.
5. CYPHELLA Fries.
\. C. villosa (Pers.) Karst. Mycol. Fenn. 3 : 325 (1876). fMfr Burt.
Peziza villosa Pers. Syn. Fung. 655 ( 1 801 )
On dead twigs of Encelia californica, Isthmus, Aug. 30, 1920, Nuttall S24b.
6. SOLENIA Hoffm.
T . S. cinerea Burt sp. nov.
The rather young fructifications' are cespitose, 30-100 in a dense
circular cluster, short stipitate, cylindric-clavate, or pyriform, pallid
3i6 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
neutral gray of Ridgway, minutely hairy, the apex obtuse and pore
nearly closed; surface hairs colored, flexuous, lOO x 3J^ /*, paler
towards the tips and there granule-incrusted ; basidia simple,
30 X 6 /It, with 4 slender sterigmata ; no mature spores found.
Clusters 2 x 2-5 mm ; fructifications colored like those of S.
poraeformis but with form of those of S. anomala and densely
crowded together.
On bark of oak, Avalon, May 28, 1920, Nuttall 396.
Family 2. CLAVARIACE^.
I. CLAVARIA.
I. C. flaccidaFr.PSyst. Myc. 1:471 (1821). testeB\xrt.
On ground close to fallen limb of Quercus tomentella, Pebble Beach Can-
yon, Jan. 15, 1 92 1, Nuttall 1020, 1115.
Family 3. HYDNACEiE.
I. GRANDINIA Fries.
I . G. sp. teste Burt.
On bark of Photinia (Heteromeles) arbutifolia, Avalon, May 28, 1920,
Nuttall 380.
2. ODONTIA Fries.
1. O. viridis (A. & S.) Bres. Hym. Amet. 33 (1897). teste Burt.
On underside of fallen Quercus tomentella. Pebble Beach Canyon, Jan.
15, 1921, Nuttall 1018.
"A pale green to deep-violet mould. Spores covering stones, twigs, leaves,
earth, etc., under its growth". — Nuttall.
2. O. sp. teste Burt.
Juvenile. Effused, white, thin, aleutaceous, on bark of Sambucus glauca.
Pebble Beach Canyon, July 3, 1920, Nuttall 525.
3. HYDNUM Linn.
(. H. ohioense Berk. Hook. Lond.Jour.Bot. 4 :307 (1845). teste Burt.
Effused, white, toothed, becoming tan-color; on bark of Sambucus glauca,
Pebble Beach Canyon, July 3, 1920, Nuttall 523.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 317
2. H. ochraceum Pers. Syn. 559 (1801). teste Burt.
On bark of prostrate Quercus tomentella. Pebble Beach Canyon, Jany.
and Feb., 1921, Nuttall loii, 1027, logo, iioi.
Family 4. POLYPORACE^.
I. MERULIUS Hall.
1. M. confluens Schw. Natur. Ges. Leipsig. Schrift. 1:92 (1822).
teste Burt.
Effused. When young purplish base, light-brown when old. On oak, Pebble
Beach Canyon, July 3, 1920, Nuttall 331; on dead twigs of Encelia californica.
Isthmus; Aug. 30, 1920, Nuttall 824.
2. M. pilosus Burt. Mycolog. 14 : 84 (1922). teste 'Qnrt.
Distinguishing characters are the bright yellow color, presence of
gloeocystidia and cystidia, and the minute spores ; gloeocystidia have
not been found in any other North American species of Merulius with
the exception of M. rtigulosus of the West Indes.
Apparently common on oak logs. On Quercus tomentella, Pebble Beach
Canyon, Nov. 27, 1920, Nuttall 935; on oak, Big Wash Canyon, Nov. 29, 1920,
Nuttall 951; on Quercus tomentella. Pebble Beach Canyon, Jan. 15, 1921, Nuttall
I0J3, 1117; on oak, Big Wash Canyon, Jan. 14, 1921, Nuttall 1128.
2. PORIA Pers.
1. P. incrustans B. & C. Grevillea i : 54 (1873). t^^^^ Burt.
On bark of Lyonothamnus floribundus, Gallagher's Canyon, Sept. 11, 1920,
Nuttall 886.
2. P. rhodella Fr. Syst. Myc. 1 : 380 (1821). teste Burt.
Effused, thin, porous, white with distinctly wine-colored pores. On decor-
ticated Sambucus glauca. Pebble Beach Canyon, July 3, 1920, Nuttall $27; on
underside decorticated Hetcromeles, Grand Canyon, Jan. 30, 1921, Nuttall J056.
3. P. vaporaria Fr. Syst. Myc. 1 1382 (1821). teste Burt.
On underside dead Rhus laurina, Big Wash Canyon, Nov. 29, 1920, Nuttall
949; and on earth, stones and wood in same locality, Nov. 26, 1920, Nuttall 917;
on dead Salix, Hamilton Canyon, Knopf 306.
3. ELFVINGIA Karst.
E. megaloma (Lev. ) Murr.Bull.Torr.3o:30o( 1903). testeyiyxxr'xW.
Polyporus megaloma Lev. An, Sci. Nat. 3, 5:128 (1846).
On roots of a shrub, Piedra Escalera Canyon, Dec. 12, 1920, Nuttall 1141a.
3i8 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
4. FOMES Fries.
1. F. igniarius (L.) Fries. Syst. Myc. i :375 (1821). tcsie Burt.
Boletus igniarius Linn. Sp. PI. 1 1 76 ( 1 753) .
On Sambucus glauca, Pebble Beach Canyon, July 3, 1920, and Salix lasio-
lepis, Grand Canyon, Sept. 19, 1920, Nutlall 52^, 890.
2. F. Abramsianus Murrill, Mycologia 7:215 (1915). teste Buri.
On trunk of Cercocarpus, Bulrush Canyon, April 16, 1922, Knopf 410.
5. POLYSTICTUS Fries.
I. P. hirsutus (Wulf.) Fr. Nov. Symb. 83 (1851). teste Burt.
Boletus hirsutus Wulf. Jacq. Coll. 2 :149 (1788) non Scop.
On trunk of oak, Avalon, May 17, 1920, Nutlall 458; Silver Canyon, Jan.
1, 1922, Knopf 289; on Eucalyptus log, Big Wash Canyon, Jan. 29, 1921 Nuttall
1049.
2. P. versicolor (L.) Fr. Syst. Myc. i .-369 (1821). teste Burt,
On trunk of oak, Avalon, May 14, 1920, and Salix lasiolepis, Silver Canyon.
May 29, 1920, Nuttall 456, 457; on dead log, Hamilton Canyon, Jan. 16, 1921,
Nuttall 1 1 14.
Family 5. BOLETACE.ffi.
I. BOLETUS (Dill) Linn.
I. B. sp. teste yiuxriW.
Pileus convex, i dm. broad, not viscid ; color dull brick-red ; flesh
yellowish turning blue when cut, 2 cm. thick ; tubes not decurrent,
sinuses narrow, color greenish ; pores red-orange ; stem solid, 5 cm.
long by 3 cm. thick covered with wavy or almost reticulate squam-
mules yellowish at top. Rich wine-color at base.
In rich soil under trees. Big Wash Canyon, Nov. 29, 1920, Nuttall 945.
2. CERIOMYCES Corda.
C. communis (Bull.) Murr. Mycolog. i :i55 (1909). teste Murrill.
Boletus communis Bull. Hb. Fr. t. 393 (1788).
On ground, Beacon Street Canyon, Dec. 26, 1920, Nuttall 1120.
C. sp. {prox C. edulis). teste Murrill.
Under oaks. Big Wash Canyon, Dec. 10, 1920, Nuttall 1139.
r
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nl^tall 319
Family 6. AGARICACEiE.*
I. TAPINIA Karst.
T. lamellosa (Sow.) Murr. N.A.Fl. 10 : 146 ( 1917) . teste Murrill.
Mertilius lamellosus Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 403 ( 1809) .
In moss of a creek-bed under willows, Grand Canyon, Dec. 27, 1920, Nutted}
99S.
2. MYCENA Rouss.
I. M. flava Murrill, N. A. V\. 10 : 192 (1917). teste Murrill.
Gregarious on sand of the creek-bed ; on hillside under tree ; and on ground
under a tree, Golf Links Canyon, Hamilton Canyon, Big Wash Canyon, Nov. to
Jan., Nuttall 1044, iiii, 1124.
3. LEPTONIELLA Earle.
1. L. edulis (Peck.) Murrill, N. A. Fl. 10:93 (iQi?)- ^^^te Murrill.
Leptonia edulis Peck, Bull. Torr, Club. 22 : 201 ( 1895 ) .
In moss in rich leaf-mold and in leaf-mold among grasses, Pebble Beach
Canyon, Sage and Big Wash Canyons, Nov. and I>ec., 1920, Nuttall g28, P4J.
T141.
4. PLUTEUS Fries.
1. P. cervinus (Schaeff.) Quel. Champ. Jura Vosg. 81 (1872).
teste Murrill.
Agaricus cervinus Schaefif. Fung, Bavar. 4 : Ind. 6 ( 1 774) .
On dead leaves under trees on a hillside. Big Wash Canyon, Nov. 29, 1920,
Nuttall II22.
5. PLEUROTUS Fr.
I. P. ostreatus (Jacq.) Fr. Syst. Myc. i : 182 (1821). teste Burt.
Agaricus ostreatus Jacq. Fl. Austr. 3 : t 288 ( 1 775 ) .
On a cultivated Eucalyptus, Avalon, May 10, 1920, Nuttall 401; on dead
Cottonwood, Silver Canyon, Jan. 15, 1922, Knopf 2g6.
*The co-author collected some 125 numbers of Agaricaceae be-
tween November, 1920, and January, 1921. Of each of these he
made careful notes, section drawings and in many cases spore-prints.
His material was, however, collected without proper facilities for
drying; on this account over 50 per cent of the species prove inde-
terminable. His specimens are, however, preserved, in the herbarium
of this Museum, in case of possible future collections to which they
may prove referable.
320 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
2. P. salignus (Schrad.) Quel. Champ. 38 (1872). teste Burt.
On bole of a living Lauroccrasus Lyoni tree, Silver Canyon, Jany. 15, 1922,
Knopf 288.
3. P. septicus Fr. Syst. Myc. i : 192 (1821). teste Burt.
Inside loose bark of Heteromeles, Grand Canyon, Jan. 30, 1921, Nuttall 1064.
6. RESUPINATUS (Nees.) S. F. Gray.
I. R. applicatus (Batsch.) S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. PI. 1 1617
(1821). teste MuTTiW.
Agaricus applicatus Batsch. Elench. Fung. Cent, i : 171 (1786).
Inside loose bark of a fallen Photinia (Heteromeles) arbutifolia. Grand
Canyon, Jan. 30, 1921, Nuttall 1063.
7. COPRINUS Pers.
I. C. sp. teste yinxv'iW.
Deep bell-shaped when young; pileus i-i.5cm. wide and high;
caespitose, yellow-brown darker toward the center, brown, mealy,
striate ; margin scalloped. Expanded, 2 cm. broad. Gills silver-grey
in young plants, black when old ; stem white with slight pinkish
tinge, hollow, finely striate above, white mealy dots above white
pruinose below, woolly at base, cartilaginous but frail, easily bent,
I dm. more or less long x 3.5-4 mm. thick.
In leaf -mold on a moss-covered rocky bank, Big Wash Canyon, Dec. 28,
1920, Nuttall 1003.
8. LACTARIA Pers.
1. L, deceptiva Peck. Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 38:175 (1884).
teste Murrill.
In sand among pebbles of creek-bed, Big Wash Canyon, Dec. 10, 1920,
Nuttall 955.
2. L. scrobiculata (Scop.) Fr. Epicr. Myc. .334 (1838). teste Mnxr'iW.
Agaricus scrobiculatus Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2, 2 1450 ( 1772) .
On creek bed in sandy soil among leaves, Hamilton Canyon, Jan. 16, 1921,
Nuttall 1032.
9. MARASMIUS Fries.
I. M. plicatulus Peck,Bull.Torr.Club. 24 : 142 (1897). teste Murrill.
In grass under trees, Sage Canyon, Nov. 28, 1920, Nuttall 943; on mats of
decayed oak leaves, Golf Links Canyon, Dec. 25, 1920, Nuttall 97s-
Flora of Santa Catalin a Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 321
2. M. sp. teste Murrill.
A dry, tough plant ; pileus convex with depressed margin and
ribbed, 3-6 mm. broad, i mm. high ; color pale tan ; gills few, thick,
alternately long and broad or narrow and short, sometimes the long
are connected at the apex of the sinus and one lamella connects them
with the stem, adnate, with a sinus about 13 broad and 13 narrow,
color lighter than pileus ; stem slender and tough, terete, nearly black,
smooth and polished ; pileus not easily detached.
Attached to leaves and acorns of Quercus dumosa under trees, Piedra
Escalera Canyon, Dec. 12, 1920, Nuttall 967.
10. HYPHOLOMA Fries.
I. H. fasciculare (Huds.) Quel. Champ. Jura Vosg. 113 (1872).
teste Murrill.
On oak limbs among rocks in the creek bed Big Wash Canyon, Feb. 10,
1921, Nuttall 1093.
11. STROPHARIA Fries.
1. S. aeruginosa i^Curt.) Quel. Champ. Jura Vosg. i :iio (1872).
teste Murrill.
Agaricus aeruginosus Curt. Lond. t. 309 (1784) .
In damp, rich leaf-mold under Laurocerasus Lyoni, Sage Canyon, Nov. 28,
T920, Nuttall 937-
2. S.semiglobata (Batch.) Quel, iftj'rf. 112 (1872). teste Mnvr'\\\.
On ground among grass and dead leaves in a glade, Big Wash Canyon,
Dec. 10, 1920, Nuttall 957.
12. NAUCORIA Fries.
1. N. scmiorbicularis (Bull.) Quel. Champ. Jura Vosg. 100 (1872).
teste Murrill.
Agaricus semiorbicularis Bull. Champ. Fr. t.442f. 1, (1788).
Exposed, dry ridges among cacti. Grand and Hamilton Canyons, Dec. 2;,
1920, and Jan. 16, 1921, Nuttall 993, 1116.
13. CLITOCYBE (Fr.) Quel.
I . C. sp. teste Murrill.
Pale cream colored, smooth, polished, slightly viscid, convex with
incurved margin then irregularly applanate or depressed with incurved
margin; flesh very thin, (3-6 cm.); gills decurrent, 5 cm. broad, pale
watery cream color ; stem solid, color of gills or pileus, flesh continuous,
^22
FiEi.D Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
tough dull or mealy, tapering downward or lower half terete;
0.6-I dm. X 5-8 mm.
In leaf-mold in grass. Pebble Beach Canyon. Nov. 27. 1020, Nuttall (j^6.
2. C. sp. teste Murrill.
Solitary, spores white; pileus not viscid, white-cream color when
old, slightly floccose and surface shallowly cracked, 3-8 cm. broad,
generally somewhat eccentric, margin incurved, convex to applanate ;
flesh white, of very smooth close texture, continuous, thick (icm.")
at stem) ; gills watery-white (wliite as viewed before cutting), 5-8 mm.
broad, acute at outer end, decurrent on stem, 2-3 cm. long; stem
large, white, fibrous, solid, often contorted, often slightly eccentric,
some appearing as though white-washed, 8-15 cm. long x 8-16 mm.
thick, white and solid inside and firmer to the touch than the flesh of
the pileus (the fle.sh of this species appears as white and close-grained
us unglazed white porcelain but is spongy to touch), the llesh extends
to margin ; pileus in age rich cream color or darker and rivulosc.
In leaf-mold among rocks of a hillside under trees. Pebble Beach Canyon,
Dec. 26, 1920. Nuttall 982.
3. C. sp. teste Murrill.
In a deep hcd of leaves under an oak. Big Wash Canyon, Dec. 28, 1920,
Nuttall 1103.
14. AGARICUS Linn.
1 . A. campestris Linn. Sp. PI. 1 173 (1753)- teste Murrill.
In leaf-mold in grass ; in an open grassy glade ; and on ground, Pebble
Beach Canyon, Nuttall 925 (Nov. 26, 1920), 932 (Dec. 2Q, 1920), J138 (Nov.
27, 1920).
2. A. silvicola Sacc. Syllog. 5 :998 (1887). ^'^^^^ Murrill.
In leaf-mold among grasses and in leaf-mold under trees, Big Wash and
Piedra Escalera Canyons, Nuttall 953 (Dec. 20, 1920), 1214 (Dec. 12, 1920).
3. A. sp. teste Murrill.
Convex, slightly depressed, margin deflexed, edge ragged with
remnants of veil, densely floccose ; color wet, pale to white, flocci
brownish giving color to surface, 2.5-6 cm. slightly viscid ; flesh
white, not continuous, 4-5 mm. at stem ; gills at fir.st pale wine-pink,
then black, free, sinus abrupt, double convex, lengths various ; stem
cartilaginous outside, white fibrous, remnants of veil near base ; color
at first white then becoming rich dark wine-color showing through the
fine white fibers of the outer coat, interior (dark wine-color extends
inward half way to center) white at center with partial cavity, terete
or enlarged upward; volva none; veil thick but fragile; skin thick,
easily peeled.
On ground in grass in a hillside hollow opposite the Sawmill, Avalon Val-
ley. Oct. 12, 1920, Nuttall 962.
Flora of Santa Catalixa Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 323
15. ARMILLARIA Fries.
1. A. putrida (.Scop.) Murr. N. A. Fl. 10:39 (^9I4)- i^'^''^^ Murril!.
Agariciis piiiridus Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2, 2 1420 (1772).
On dead oak partly covered with earth; on base of dead, standing Sam-
bucus glauca ; and on rich leaf-mold under trees, Big Wash Canyon, Avalon
Valley and Beacon Street Canyon, Nuttall 915 (Nov. 26, 1920), 960 (Dec. 12,
irc20), iisi (Dec. 26, 1920) ; Knopf 310 teste Burt, as A. mellea (Vahl.) Quel.
Champ. :^ (1872).
16. LEPIOTA P. Browne.
1. L. conspurcata (Willd.) Morgan, Jour. Myc. 12 :243 (1906).
teste Murrill.
Agarlciis cofispurcatus Wilid. Prodr. Fl. Bcrl. 382 ( 1787) .
On a grassy slope, Piedra Escalera Canj'on, Dec. 12, 1920, Nuttall 944.
17. TRICHOLOMA Fr.
I . T. collybiiforme Murrill, Mycologia 5 : 223 (1913). Plate X. f. 2.
Melafioleu-ca collybiiforntis Murrill, ibid, 216. teste Murrill.
Fairly plentiful in leaf-loam under Scrub Oaks, Big Wash Canyon, Feb. 27,
1932, Knopf 413.
Order 2. GASTROMYCETE.
Family i. LYCOPERDACE^.
puff-ball family
1. LYCOPERDON Fourn.
I . L. gemmatum Batsch, Elench. Fung. 147 (1783). teste Lloyd.
Not the usual plant but a globose, depauperate form. Beside the Equestrian
Trail, alt. 800 feet, Nov. 28, 1920, Nuttall 939.
J. L. pyriforme Schaeff. Icon. t. 189 (1761). testehloyd.
On sterile ground of a path, Pacific Ridge, Nov. 27, 1920, Nuttall 93?.
2. CATASTOMA Morg.
1. C. circumcissum (B. & C.) Morgan. Jour. Cinn. Soc. Nat. Hist.
14:1.5. (1892). ' tesfeUoyA.
Bovista circumcissa B. & C. N. A. Fung. 331 (1873), Grevillea
2:50 (1873).
Trask.
2. C. subterraneum (Peck.) Morgan. Jour- Cinn. Soc. Nat. Plist. 14 :
132 (1892). ■ teste Lloyd.
Bovista siihterranea Peck. Bot. Gaz. 4 : 216 ( 1879) .
Trask.
324 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
3. BOVISTA Pers.
i. B.plumbea Pers. Syn. Fung. 137 (1801). teste L\oy6.
Trask; on a hard, grassy path, Big Wash Canyon, Feb. 9, 1921, Nuttall jo8j.
2.
4. GEASTER Micheli.
] . G. floriformis Vittad. Monogr. Lycoperd. 167 (i842).^^j/^ Lloyd.
Trask.
G. fomicatus (Huds.) Fries, Syst. Myc.3 : 12 (1829). teste Lloyd.
Lycoperdon fomicatus Huds. Fl. Angl. ed. 2 : 644 (1788) .
Trask; on ground under trees, Pebble Beach Canyon, Jan. 15, 1921, Nuttall
uSSa. Dr. Lloyd says: "A beautiful specimen, true to the species as known
in England. A rare though widely distributed species. A common, but quite
different, plant in pine woods has often been misnamed as this species." On
earth of a hillside, Gallagher's Canyon, Dec. 11, 1920, Nuttall ^72.
3. G. hygrometricus giganteus C. G. Lloyd, Myc. Notes 68. (1901).
teste Lloyd.
Trask; on a damp bank. Pebble Beach Canyon, Nov. 26, 1920, Nuttall 9/9;
on earth of a hillside, Gallagher's Canyon, Dec. 11, 1920, Nuttall 973.
4. G. limbatus Fries. Syst. Myc. 3:15 (1829). tejfte Lloyd.
Trask; on ground under trees, Big Wash Canyon, Nov. 29, 1920, Nuttall
1133. "Fine specimens" — Lloyd.
5. G. minimus Schw. Syn. Fung. Carol. 327 (1822). non Chev.
Trask. teste Lloyd.
6. G. rufescens Pers. Syn. Fung. 134 (1808). teste Lloyd.
Beside the Equestrian Trail, alt. 800 feet. Nov. 28, 1920, Nuttall 93S. 'The
specimens represent a small form and rather suggest G. fimhriatus of Europe" —
Lloyd.
5. CALVATIA Morgan.
1 . C. lilacina (Mont. & Berk) C. G. Lloyd, Lycop, Austral. 35
(1905). teste lAoy<\.
Bovista lilacina Mont. & Berk. Berk. Dec. Fung. 59 (1854).
Mrs. Trask.
2. C. pachyderma (Peck.) Lloyd Let. 65: 14 (1917), testelAoy^.
Lycoperdon pachyderma Peck, Bot. Gaz. 7:54 (1882).
Trask; on ground on mountain top near Silver Canyon, May 2, 1920, Nuttall
502, 503. "Notwithstanding the different external surface appearance, different
gleba color and different capillitium coloring of these two numbers I believe
them to be different ages of the same species" — Lloyd.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 325
6. BATTARREA Pers.
1 . B. Stevenii (Libos.) Fr. Syst. Myc. 3:7 (1829). teste Lloyd.
Dendromyces Stevenii Libos. Monogr. t. i, 2 (1814).
Mrs. Trask.
Order 3. PHYLLOSTICTALES.
Family i. PHYLLOSTICTACE^.
I. PHYLLOSTICTA Pers.
1. P. Heteromeles Cook & Hark. Grev. 9:84 (1881). teste Fairman.
Associated with Discosia poikilomera on dead leaves of Photinia (Hetero-
meles) arbutifolia, May 28, 1920, Nuttall 3S1 pp.
2- P. Laurocerasi . S. & S. Grev. 12 : 26 (1883). teste Fairmati.
Pycnidia thickly scattered over the leaves, not on definite spots,
globose, 100-122 pL in diam., black; spores oblong-cylindric, rounded
at the ends, iox3/tt, hyaline. Differs from the description of Ellis
and Everhart in North American Phyllostictas in having pycnidia not
on definite spots, and occasionally larger spores, thus agreeing better
with the dimensions given by Saccardo.
On dead leaves of Laurocerasus Lyoni, July 31, 1920, Big Wash Canyon,
Nuttall 668 pp.; on leaves of young shoots of same host, May 29, 1920, Nuttall
40Q. This last (409) has pycnidia clustered on whitened areas of the leaves
and has spores 10-10.5 x 3 «.
3. P. maculans E.& E.? Proc. Acad. Phila. 1893:157 (1893).
Pycnidia clustered or discrete, not on definite sjx)ts, minute,
black; spores cylindric, hyaline, 10x2. 5/.1, teste Fairman.
On dead leaves of Populus trichocarpa, May 13, 1920, Nuttall 385. The
peculiar spotting of the leaves noted by Ellis and Everhart in the original descrip-
tion is not present in the California specimens but the spores agree so well that
we refer it to this species. Accompanied by a Pleospora in small quantity with
spores 5-7 septate, 35x14^,, agreeing well with Pleospora herbarum (Pers.)
Rabh.
4. P. rhoiseda Fairman sp. nov.
Pycnidia thickly scattered over the leaves, often discrete on the
midrib or smaller veinlets, amphigenous, globose, at first deeply im-
mersed in the substance of the leaves, becoming eruinpent at first as
minute black points, then pushing up through the epidermis at first
elevated in light tobacco brown colored pustules which finally become
split or variously lacerate, somewhat roughened at the apex, often
covered or surrounded by small silvery scales of detached epidermis,
^26 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
dull black, contents white, 165-400/1 in diam. : spores numerous, ob-
long-cylindric, rounded at the ends, hyaHne, granular or with 2-3
.small guttulae, 17.5-20 x 3-3.5 fi.
On fallen leaves of Neostvphonia (Rhus) integ^rifolia, May 31, 1920, Nut-
-'. PHOMA (Fr.) Desm.
1 . P. eupyrena Sacc. ? Mich, i : 526 (1878), teste Fairman.
.'\pparently associated with I'hijxtaena arcuata on dead stems of Solanum
Wallacei, Big W'ash Canyon, Feb. 9, 1921, Nuttall 1083 pp.
2. P. Megarrhizae Fairman sp. nov.
Pycuidia immersed then finally enunpent and snbsuperficial,
mostly prevalent on the elevated margins of the longitudinal ribs o!'
the stems, black, minute; spores ellipsoid, hyaUnc, about 3x0.5-1 ^.
On Megarrhiza fabacea, June 29, 1920, Nuttall 519 pp. We find it impossible
to distinguish most of these small Phomas, except bv host, as they look alike
lo us. As a matter of record this is given the provisional name above listed.
3. P. nebulosa (Pers.) Berk. Outl. 314 (i860). /t\f/^ Fairman.
Apparently accompanying Didymella superflua on stems of Urtica holose-
ricea, Middle Ranch Canyon, Sept. 21. 1920, Nuttall qoi.
4. P. typhicola Oud. Ned; Kr. Arch. Ser. 3, 2 1246 (1901).
Pycnidia thickly scattered, seated between the longitudinal ribs of
irhe stem, erumpent, globose or ellipsoid, brown to black, measuring in
the globose form 150 {x and upwards in diam., but when ellipsoid com-
pressed 250-350 fi long and 100-130 /a in height: ostiola round, cen-
trally located, at length widely open and causing the pycnidia to be
more or less widely and irregularly perforate with age ; spores ellip-
soid, continuous, hyaline, 5-7.5 x 2-2.5 (l>ossibly 3) ^. teste Fairman.
On Typha latifolia, .Sept. 21, 1920, Middle Ranch Creek, Nuttall 899. Of
the 4 or 5 species of Phoma on Typha, listed by Saccardo or Oudemans, Mr.
Nnttall's specimen.s seem to come nearest to the above species.
3. PHOMOPSIS Sacc.
I . P. Nicotianae Fairman sp. nov.
Pycnidia thickly scattered, immersed then erumj)ent, elevating
the epidermis in minute pustules, the apex visible through the fissured
epidermis and often enveloped by its fissured remains, black, 400-
500 /I in diam., A-spores fusoid, continuous or 2 or more guttulate,
hyaline, about 8-12x2-3 /*: B-s|X)res filiform, sickle-shaped or curved
at one end, hyaline, 14-20 x 1-1.5 /x, sporophores hamate, about the
size and shape of the B-spores.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 327
On bark of Nicotiana glauca, June 18, 1920, Nuttall 378 and May 27, 1920,
Nuttall 374.
The Diaporthe with which this may be connected is unknown. Probably
different in gross appearance from Phomopsis Dulcumarae (Sacc.) Trav.
2. P. oblita Sacc. Ann. Mycol. 8 : 343 ( 1910). teste Fairman.
Pycnidia corticolous, subepidermal, (apices erupting and visible
as minute points), scattered, gregarious or seriate-confluent, depressed
gloJjose to ellipsoid, opening by a rounded central pore about 24 t*. in
diam. which is surrounded by a imrrow black zone, dark brown, 150-
500 /A in diam., A-spores numerous, fusoid, acute at the ends, con-
tinuous or with 2 or 3 small guttulae, hyaline, or greenish hyaline,
10-14 X 2.5-3.5 /x, (averaging 12.5x2.5^) borne on hyaline cylindric
sporophores, B-spores not seen. Cf r. Diedicke, Ann. Mycol. IX :26
and Saccardo, Ann. Mycol. VIII '.343.
On dead stems of Artemisia heterophylla, July 30, 1920, Creek Bed, Middle
Ranch, Nuttall 666.
Associated in small quantity with a pyrenomycete which is compound, seated
oa a stroma formed of the unaltered substance of the plant stem, not circum-
scribed by any black line, asci cylindric, rounded at apex, sessile, 35-45 x 14 v..
8-spored: sporidia ellipsoid, obtuse at the ends, 4-guttulate, I4>^5«- This cor-
responds fairly well with Diaporthe oblita Sacc. & Speg.
4. DOTHIORELLA Sacc.
1. D, Gallae (Schw.) E. & Starbaeck, Bihang- Sv. Vet. Akad.
Fiandl. ig. 3-2:65 (1894). teste Fairman.
Sphaeria Gallae Schw. Tr. Am. Phil. See. 2, 4 : 207 ( 1832).
Stromata scattered, subepidermal becoming crumpent and raising
the epidermis- in pustules which become lacerate or variously cracked
with age, rounded, oblong, or irregitlarly confluent, 500 yn and upward
in length : spores fusoid, straight, curved or variously bent, hyaline,
continuous, 7-12.5 x 2-2.5 ;i», often surrounded by a zone of hyaline
mucus.
On galls of Quercus Macdonaldii, June 14, 1920, Nuttall 400. We have
seen no specimens of this and make the determination provisionally from Trot-
ter's article on Gall Furgi in Annales Mycologici 3 :545.
5. CYTOSPORA Ehrenb.
(CYTISPOKA Fr.)
1 . C. chrysosperma (Pers.) Fr. Syst. Mycol. 2 :542 (1823).
Spores allantoid, hyaline, about 4-5 x 1-1.5 fi. teste Fairman.
On dead twigs of Populus tricliocarpa, Nuttall 387.
2. C. fugax Fr. ? Syst. Mycol. 2 042 (1823). teste Fairman.
Stromata radiate-plurilocular subepidermal, disc without any
-Special characters, opening by a central pore : spores hyaline, allantoid,
curved, 4-5 x i jn, borne on long filiform sporophores.
328 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. \'.
On dead twigs of Salix lasiolepis. July 15, 1920, Grand Canyon, Nuttall 630.
The perfect Valsa stage not seen and the identification is uncertain.
6. SPH^ROPSIS Lev.
I . S. nebelina Fairman sp. nov.
Pycnidia scattered, nestling in the inner bark, becoming erumpent,
globose depressed, about 400 /x in diam., black: spores ellipsoid,
almond shaped or pyriforni, usually truncate attenuated at one end.
obtusely rounded at the other, continuous, hyaline then brown, about
14-17.5 X 7-8 /u,, borne on stout cylindric. hyaline sporophores, as long
or a little longer than the spores.
Etymolog)'' nebelina from the resemblance in shape of the
spores to the shell of Nebela a genus of the Rhizopoda.
On stems of Galium angustifolium, June 29, 1020, Golf Links Canyon.
Nuttall 530 pp. Socia Metaspiiaeria anisometra.
7. CONIOTHYRIUM Corda.
1 . C. leprosum Fairman sp. nov.
Pycnidia thickly scattered, at first immersed, then erumpent
through the pustuliform elevated epidermis which becomes lacerate and
covered by silvery scales of detached tissue, globose, black, 250-450 ;<
in diam. : spores numerous, ellipsoid, oval, ovoid or subpyrifonn.
with a large gutta which follows the general shape of the sf>ore.
hyaline at first, becoming pale brown, 7-7.5 x 3.5-5 /a.
On fruits of cultivated Eucalyptus, June 3, 1920. Nuttall 408.
2. C. Marrubii Fairman. sp. nov.
Pycnidia scattered, immersed then erumpent, globose, black, 150-
300 fi in diam. : spores numerous, globose, hyahne at first, then through
smoky to black in color, 3-3.5 fi in diam.
On twigs of Marrubium vulgare, July 15, 1920, Nuttall 613 pp.
3. C. olivaceum Bon. Fckl. Symb. Myc. 2>77 (1869). teste Fairman.
Pycnidia scattered, immersed then erumpent, subconic to globose
depressed, black, 140-275 fj. in diam. : spores numerous, globose when
young, becoming ellipsoid, subhyaline through yellowish hyaline to a
very pale oHvaceous brown, brown in mass, 2.5-6 x 2.5-3.5 fj..
On old stems of Atriplex semibaccata. Nuttall 3rgh.
8. DIPLODIA Fries.
1 . D. hetercmelina Fairman sp. nov.
Pycnidia immersed in the inner bark, becoming erumpent and
raising the epidermis in distinct pustules at the apex of which the
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugii & Nuttall 329
ostiola protrude, globose, contents waxen white at first becoming
obscure with age, 750-1000^ in diam.. black: sporophores hyaline,
short, stout cylindric, 17.5 /<■ in length: spores ellipsoid or at times
subglobose, hyaline at first, later turning yellow, granular and provided
with a large central gutta, finally becoming brown, uniseptate, not
markedly constricted, in extreme age assuming an opaque appearance,
when globose measuring 14-17.5 /a in diam., when ellipsoid 28-35 ^ ^4'
17 fi.
On dead twigs of Heteromeles, Jan. 30. 1921, Grand Canyon, Nuttall 1068.
The spores are larger than those of Diplodia Crataegi West which is found
on near relatives of the host.
9. MICRODIPLODIA Sacc.
1 . M. conigena Allescher. Rab. Kry pt. Flora ed. 2, 7 : 79 (1903) .
Pycnidia scattered, erumpent. globose or depressed-globose,
black, 100-150 /x in diam.: spores ellipsoid, uniseptate, brown,
7-1 1 X 4-6 /I. teste Fairman.
On cones of cultivated Pinus, Aug. 30, 1920, Isthmus, Nuttall 823.
2. M. Mimuli Fairman sp. not'.
Pycnidia discrete not in any definite spots, globose, centrally
ostiolate, black, 150-165 fi in diam.: spores oblong- fusoid or ellipsoid
attenuated at the ends, straight or curved, uniseptate, slightly con-
stricted at the septum, brown 11-14x6/1.
On leaves of Mimulus cardinalis, July 12, 1920, Big Wash Canyon, Nuttall
606.
3. M. Ramonae Fairman sp. nov.
Pycnidia covered by the epidermis, becoming erumpent, de-
pressed globose, of delicate submembranaceous texture, black, 200-
250 /I, in diam.: spores ellipsoid or turbinate, uniseptate, not markedly
constricted, brown, 7.5-12.5 x 4-5 /*.
On twigs of Ramona stachyoides, July IS. 1920, on mountain side, Avalon,
Nuttall 614 pp., socia Pleospora Labiatarum Cke. and Hark., occuring in smalt
quantity.
10. CAMAROSPORIUM Schulz.
1 . C. eriocryptum Fairman sp. nov.
Pycnidia scattered or gregarious, subepidermal, becoming erum-
{jent, covered by or sometimes protruding through the lanugo of the
stems, globose depressed, dark chestnut brown under the microscope,
black under the hand lens, often opening by a rounded pore, 200-
330 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
225 fj. in diain. : spores numerous, irregular in shape, globose, ellipsoid
or obovoid, continuous at first, becoming- transversely uniseptate
iDiplodia form), then triseptate (Ilendersonia form) the transversa;
septa running straight across the spores or variously curved and often
diagonal, tinally with one or more internipted longitudinal septa,
irregularly rnurifcrm or variously broken up, cracked or fissured, dark
brown, becoming almost opaque, 10-14 x 7-8 /u, (averaging about
12.5x7.5^.
On dead stems of Audibertia Palmeri Gray, Feb, 10, 1921, Avalon Creek
bank, Nut tall uoo.
Somewhat smaller than Camarosporium Compositarum (Ckc. and Hark,)
Sacc. Associated with a small Phorna.
II. SEPTORIA Fries.
I . S. Megarrliizae E. & E. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1894 : 366.
.Spots rounded or angular, intervenular, arid, pale, sometimes
brown or greenish: pycnidia globose, black, 100-170 ju, in diam., scat-
tered irregularly over the spots : spores filifonn, straight or curved,
continuous, 40-65 x 2.5-3 M- teste Fairman.
On leaves of Megarrhiza fabacea Nuttall 460 and 116^.
1. S. rhabdocarpa Ell. & Barth. Eryth. 4:25 (1896). ^£'i:/c Fairman.
Pycnidia amphigenous, thickly scattered, not on definite spots,
area of growth not discolored, globose, centrally ostiolate, black, 100-
300 /x in diam., spores oblong-cylindric, rounded at ends, soinetimes
subattenuated. continuous or minutely polar-guttulate, hyaline or
greenish hyaline, 7.5-17.5 x 2-3 /it.
On dead leaves of Salix lasiolepis, Aug. 2, 1920, Willow Cove Canyon,
Nuttall 756; on dead leaves of Ramoria polystachya, July 10, 1920, Avalon Can-
yon, Nvttall S4^ (ill this the pycnidia are often collapsing and the spores are
17.5-20x3.5 /a) ; on dead leaves of Heteromeles arbutifolia, Nuttall 3S1 pp.,
384 and 406. This agrees with specimens of Septoria rhabdocarpa on Populus
monilifera from Rockport, Kansas, In Fung. Col. 668, the spores of which average
17.5-20 X 2.5-3 p.- We can see no essential difference between this and Phoma
baculum Gerard which Grove transfers to the genus Rhabdospora. It is possible
that it is simply a leaf form of Gerard's species. Found also on hickory nuts.
Cfr. Fairman the F'ungi of Our Common Nuts And Pits, p. 82 and plate 15,
fig. 3, also Grove, Kew Bull. Misc. Inform, no. 4, 1919, p. 195, f. 17. Grove
saj's, loc. cit, part III, 1921, p. 140: ''It may be taken as a certainty that the
idea, prevalent up to Saccardo's time, that the fungi found upon twigs or
branches must be different from those found upon leaves, fruits and other parts
of the same plants has little or no foimdation ; but it is true that those forms
which occur on the less bulky strtictures like samarae are slighter in texture
than those on the thicker parts."
3. S. Rubi West. Westand. Exs. 938 (,1854). teste Fairman.
Spots small, circular, surrounded by a purplish border: pycnidia
few, minute, dark brown : spores filiform, 28-32 ^ in length, appearing
^Tittulate or septate.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 331
On leaves of Rubus vitifolius L., March 24, 1920, Big Wash Canyon, Millsp.
4S36.
4. S. Verbenae Rob. et Dcsm. Sylloge 3 : 537 ( 1884). teste Fairman.
On leaves of Verbena prostrata, Pebble Beach Ginyon, June <;, 1920, Nuttall
505.
12. PHLYCTiENA Mont. & Desm.
1 . P, arcuata Berk. Grev. 2 : 100 (1873). teste Fairman.
On dead stems of Solanum Wallacei, Feb. 9, 1921, near the mouth of Big
W^h Canyon, Nuttall J0S3 pp. A I'homa is associated with the above which
is ^obably Phoma eupjrena Sacc.
13. SPH^ROGRAPHIUM Sacc.
1 . S. avenaceum Fairman sp. nov.
Perithecia scattered, glolx)se, base flattened, beak stout, straight
cylindric, obtuse or truncate and about 44 ju. wide at the apex, 75-
So fi in height (or practically one-third the height of the fungus),
brown or black, 200 ;u. in diam., and in height from the base to tip of
the beak averaging about 200 /x: spores clavate, with a long filiform
or cilium-like tip at one end, at the other end subattenuate and obtuse,
hyahne, often filled with a row of globose nuclei, 60-80 x 2.5-3.5 M-
On dead leaves of Avena barbata, Sept. 11, 1920, Ridge above Reservoir,
Nuttall 858.
Sparingly present. The spores stain beautifully in Erythrosine Glycerin.
Number 858 is a much mixed thing, having, besides the above Sphaerographium,
species of Phoma, Puccinia, Macrosporium and Cladosporium.
Family 2. LEPOSTROMATACE^.
i. DISCOSIA Lib.
I . D. poikilomera Fairman sp. nov.
Pycnidia scattered, depressed hemispherical, dimidiate, black, up
to 500 /i in diam.: spores oblong-cylindric, rounded and stibattenuate
at the ends, 4-septate, 2 septa in each end about 3-5 ix apart, leaving a
large central cell a little more than twice the length of the end cells (or
about 7.5-8 /u), not constricted at the septa, hyaline to subhyaline,
yellowish in mass. 17.5-20x3.5/1, armed near each extremity with a
curving filiform bristle about 7 // in length.
On dead leaves of Photinia (Heteromeles) arbntifolia, May 28, 1920, Nuttall
381 pp. and 3S3; on dead leaves of Laurocerasus Lyoni, July 31, 1920, Second
I>eft Fork of Big Wash Canyon, Nuttall 668 pp. Socia, respectively, Phyllos-
ticta Heteromeles and Phyllosticta Laurocerasi. The pycnidia leave a brown
depression or cavity in the leaves when they are removed.
332 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Order 4. HYPHOMYCETALES.
Family i. MUCIDINACE^.
I. TRICHODERMA Pers.
I. T. lignorum (Tode.) Harz. Bull. Soc. Imp. Moscow 44, 1:116
(1871). teste Fa'nmsiti.
On dead leaves of Sambucus glauca. on ground, under leaves. Pebble Beach
Canyon, Nuttall 53S.
2. SEPEDONIUM Link.
T. S. chrysospermum (Bull.) Fr.Syst. Myc. 3:438 (1829). teste Burt.
On a dead Agaric. Pebble Beach Canyon, Dec. 26, 1920, Nttttall 993.
Family 2. DEMATIACEffi.
I. CERCOSPORA Fres.
1 . C. Ceanothi Kell. & Sw. Jour. Myc. 4 :g4 (1888). teste Fairman.
On fallen leaves of Ceanothus, Hamilton Canyon, Jan. 16, 1921, Nuttall
1039. In this specimen the conidia are dark. We have followed Davis, . Par.
Fung, of Wisconsin, I, p. 86 in the determination.
2. C. squalidula Pk.33rd.Rep. N.Y.St. Mus. 29 (1880). ^t-.^ff Fairman.
Cercospora riibigo Cke. & Hark. Grevillea 13:17 (1884).
On leaves of Clematis ligusticifolia, Nov. 21, 1921, Middle Ranch Canyon,
Knopf 218.
2. CLADOSPORIUM Link.
I . C. herbarum (Pers.) Link. Mag. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin 7 : 37
(1816). teste ¥a.\rrt\2iu.
Spores hyaline, 1-3-septate, 14-20x7/11. This may be the variety
fasciculare Corda, a variety which we have never seen.
On stems of Foeniculum vulgare, Johnson's Landing, Sept. 24, 1920, Nuttall
gii; on Typha latifolia, Middle Ranch Creek, Sept. 21, 1920, Nuttall 900; on
capsules of Isomeris, Sept. 25, 1920, Nuttall 912 pp. The specimen on Isomeris
is mixed, and there are found C. herbarum and a hyphomycetous fungus borne
on stout rigid brown sporophores having oblong or fusoid-oblong conidia,
usually 3-septate, occasionally with additional septa, brown, measuring about
20x7-i0u, which is probably Clasterosporium carpophilum (Lev.) Aderhold ;
on transplanted Catalina Cherrv Golf Links, Dec. 27, 1920, Nuttall 1000, teste
Burt.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 333
_'. C. herbarum forma Fairman.
Hyphae brown, effused and much interwoven, sometimes col-
lected in sori-like heaps, septate, about 7 /t* in diam., varying in length ;
spores continuous or first becoming 1-2 septate, ellipsoid, hyaline then
brown about 7-14 x 5 /i.
On Lupinus Hallii, Rusby. Aug. 17, 1915 (4941 11 in herb. Field).
3. CLASTEROSPORIUM Schw.
1. C. carpophilum (Lev.) Aderh? Centr. Bakt. 2, Abt. 7:656
(1901), teste Fairmsin.
Helminthosporinm carpophilum Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. 2, 19:215
(1843).
Associated with Cladosporiuni herbarum on follicles of Isomeris, Sept. 25,
iruJO, Nuttall 912 pp.
Order 5. USTILAGINALES.
Family i. USTILAGINACE^.
1. USTILAGO Pers.
1 . U. Lorentziana Thum. Flora 63 : 30 ( 1880) , teste Arthur.
II II. On Bromus Gussoni. Pebble Beach, May 13, 1920, Nuttall 190a.
Order 6. UREDINALES.
Family i. MELAMPSORACEiE.
I. KUEHNEOLA Magn.
J. K. uredinis (Link.) Arthur. N. A. Fl. 7: 186 ( 191 2). ^^^/e Arthur.
II. On leaves of Rubus vitifolius, Big Wash Canyon, June 3, 1920, Nuttall
47T.
Family 2. UREDINACE^.
I. CRONARTIUM Fries.
I. C. Cerebrum(Pk.)Schr6t.Sacc. Michel. 2:308 (1881). teste Axth.
Peridermhwi Cerebrum Peck, Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 1:68
(1873).
On last year's leaves of Ouercus dumosa, Catalina Harbor, March 15, 1920,
Millsp. 1837.
3^4 l'iKLr> Museum of Natural IItstoky — Botany, Vol. V.
2. MELAMPSORA Cast.
f . M. monticola Mains. Phytopath. 7 : 103 ( 1917). teste Arthur.
On leaves and ])€dicels of Tithyinalus leptoceriis, Avalon V^alley, May to,
1U20, Nut tall J 217.
Family 3. JECIDIACE-ffi:.
1. PILEOLARIA Cast.
[ . P. Toxicodendri (B. & R.) Arthur N. A. Fl. 7 : 147 ( 1907).
teste Bartholomew.
Uromyces toxicodendri Berk. &. Rav. Grevillea 3:56 (1874).
III. On Toxicodendron (Rhus) diversilobum, Avalon, July ig, 1915. Mr.
<"■ Mrs. Elam Hartholometv ^515.
2. UROMYCES Link.
I. U. intricatus Cooke. Grevillea 7 :3 1878). teste hvthnx.
On leaves of Eriogonum nudum, sea cliffs cast of Avalon, July 18, J920,
Nuttall 618.
.1. U. Junci (Desm.) Tul. Ann.Sci. Nat. 4. 2 : 146 (1854).
teste Bartholomew.
III. On J uncus balticus, vicinity of Avalon, July 19, 1915, Elam Bortholo-
mc'jj 178S.
3. U. Loti Blytt. Christ. Vid.-Selsk. Forh. 1896.6 : 37 (1896).
teste Arthur.
II.? On leaves and bract.s of Syrmatium ornithopum, Avalon Canyon.
Feb. 18, 1920, Millsp. 4723; II. on same, Chicken Johnny's Canyon, June 20,
1920, Nuttall 472; on same, Avalon Canyon, June 6, 1920, Nuttall 712.
4. U. medicaginis Pass.Thum.Hb.Myc.Oec.156 (1874). teste Arth.
On leaves of Medicago sativa, roadside above the Sawmill in Avalon Val-
ley, May 7, 1930, Nuttall 711a.
5. U. Polygoni (Pers.) Fckl. Jahr. Nass. Ver. Nat. 23-24:64 (1870).
teste Bartholomew.
II, III. On Polygonum aviculare, vicinity of Avalon, July 19, 1915. Elam
Bartholomew <;^88.
o-
DIC^OMA Nees.
I . D. Nemoseridis Fairmaii sp. nov.
O and I. Pycnia and aecia unknown.
II. Uredinia few, .scattered, in oblonjj pustules, closely em-
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugii & Nuttalt. 335
braced or covered by the ruptured epidermis, brown, concolorous with
the stems and discernable with difficulty : urediniospores broadly
ellipsoid or globose, 20-30 x 20-28/1, golden brown at first, wall brown,
smooth, possibly becoming faintly verrucose with age, 225 /i in thick-
ness, germ pores not satisfactorily made out.
III. Telia scattered, dark brown to black, ruptured epidermis
evident, teliospores ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, rounded above
and l>elow, at times narrowed below, constricted at the septum, 45.5-
52.5 X 28-35 A*- wall brown, 2.5 /t thick, septum much darker and about
5 fi wide, tlic pore of the upper cell subapical, the pore of the lower
cell lateral and near the septum, apparaitly smooth or at least tardily
roughened, pedicel short, subacute.
On stems of Malurothrtx. in creek bed of Avalon Canyon. Feb. 9, ivtzi.
Nuttall roQ4 pp.
4. PUCCINIA Pars.
I. P. Agropyri E.&E.Jour.Myc. 7 : 131 (1892). teste Ba.rtho\omew.
III. On El3Tnus condcnsatus, vicinity of Avalon, July 19, 191S, Elam Bar-
tholoviexv 504^.
J. P. Clematidis (DC.) Lagerh. Tromso. Mas. Aarsh. 17 -.54
(1895). teste Arthm.
On culms and leaves of Avcna barbata. vicinity of Avalon, June i, 1920.
.Vuttall 413.
3. P. Cressae( DC.) Lag.Bol.Soc.Brot. 7 : 131 ( 1889). teste Arthur.
I. On leaves of Cressa truxillensis, Catalina Harbor. March 15, 1920,
Mills p. 4790.
4. p. Grindeliae Peck. Bot. Gaz. 4 : 127 (1879). teste Arthur.
On leaves of Hazardia squarrosa, Avalon, near the Reservoir, Sept. 11,
T920, Nuttall 846.
5. P. Malvaceariim (Bertero) Mont. Gay, Hist. Chile 8: 43 (1852).
teste Fairman.
On Malva parviflora. March, 1901, Ti'ask; III, on same, vicinit>' of Avalon,
July 9, 191 5. Elam Bartholomew 5886.
6. P. Sherardiana Korn Hedwigia 16:19 ( 1877) . teste Arthur.
On leaves of Malvastrum fasciculatum, Gallagher's Canyon, May 16, 1920,
Nuttall 412.
7. P. Eriophylli Jackson Mem. Brookl. Bot. Gard. 1 :246 (1918).
(/rt?c/o aiirftVa Jackson Mycologia 14:120 (1922). teste A.rihnx.
On Eriophyllum Nevinii*, "Dusty Miller," cultivated in Banning's Lawn
at Avalon, from nearby native stock, August. 1912, Bethel.
* Not Senecio Cineraria as given imder Uredo abdita in Mycologia 14:120.
336 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
5. PHRAGMIDIUM Link.
1. P. Rosae-Califomicae Diet. Hedw.44:i25( 1905). ft'^/f" Bartholomew.
II. III. On Rosa californica, vicinity of Avalon, July 19, 1915, Mr. and
Mrs. Elatn Bartholomew 18^3.
Order 7. TREMELLINEALES.
Familv i. TREMELLACEiE.
I. SEBACINA Tul.
). S.calcea (Pers.) Bres. Fungi Trident. 2; 64 (1892). teste Bun.
Effused on bark of Sambucus glauca. Pebble Beach Canyon, July 3, 1920,
Nuttall 522.
2. S. podlachia Bres. Ann. Myc. 1:117 (1903). teste Burt.
Gelatinous on decorticated wood of Lyonothamnus floribundus, Gallagher's
Canyon, Sept. 15, 1020, Nuttall 884.
2. EXIDIA Fries.
1 . E. glandulosa (Bull.) Fries. Syst. Myc. 2 : 224 (1823). teste Burt.
On bark of oak, head of Gallagher's Canyon, Sept, 1 1, 1920, Nuttall 857.
2. E.recisa Fries. Syst. Myc. 2:223 (1823). tesie Burt.
On bark of Adenostoma fasciculatum. Equestrian Trail, Aug. 7, 1920, Nuttall
779-
3. N-ffiMATELIA Fries.
1. N. nucleata (Schw.) Fries. Epicr. 592 (1838). teste Burt.
On bark of Sambucus glauca, Pebble Beach Canyon, July 3, 1920, Nuttall
524; on dead Quercus tomentella, same locality, Jan. 15, 1920, Nuttall 1012.
4. TREMELLA Dill.
1, T. lutescens Pers. Ic. Descr. Fung. 33 (1809). teste Murrill.
On Quercus tomentella, Pebble Beach Canyon, Jan. 15, 1921, Nuttall 1 118.
2. T. mesenterica Retz. Vet. Ak. Handl. 1769 : 249 (1769)./^.??^ Burt.
Fries Syst. Myc. 2:214 (1823). On dead branches Heteromeles, Grand
Canyon, Jan. 30, 1021. and on oak log, Pebble Beach Canyon, Nov. 27, 1920,
Nuttall 1055, 933.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 337
Order 8. DACRYOMYCETIN^.
Family i. DACRYOMYCETACE^.
1. GUEPINIA Fries.
I. G. PezisaTul. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. 3, 19: 224 (1853). testeBurt.
On dead wood of Salix lasiolepsis, Grand Canj'on, Julv 15, 1920, Nuttall
616.
2. DACRYOMYCES Nees.
I. D. deliquescens (Bull.) Duby, Bot. Gal. 2 729 (1829). teste Burt.
On Eucalyptus log, Big Wash Canyon, Jan. 19, 1921, Nuttall 1046.
Sub-class MYXOMYCETES.
FUNGI OF DECAYING VEGETABLE MATTER.
Order i. MYXOGASTERES.
Family i. TRICHIACEiE.
I. LYCOGALA Micheli.
1. L. Epidendrum (L) Fries, Sy St. Myc. 3:80 (1829). teste lAoyd.
Lycoperdon Epidendrum Linn. Sp. PI. 1 184 ( 1753) .
On a rotten log, Big Wash Canyon, Nov. 26, 1920, Nuttall 1142.
2. TRICHIA Haller.
I. T. fallax Pers. Obs. 1 159 (1796). teste Macbride.
Plasmodium only. Crimson, effused ; on dead leaves and twigs of Salix
ksiolepis, Willow Cove Canyon, Aug. 2, 1920, Nuttall 757.
3. ARCYRIA Hill.
1. A. nutans Grev. Fl. Edin. 455 (1824). teste Burt.
On dead Quercus dumosa, Pebble Beach Canyon, Jan. 15, 1921, Nuttall
1014.
4. COMATRICHA Preusz.
I. C.nigraSch.PCohn. Crypt. Fl.Schl. 3, 1:118 (1885) teste Bnrt.
On Quercus tomentella. Pebble Beach Canyon, Jan. 15, 1921, Nuttall 1016.
338 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Family 2. RETICULARIACEiE.
I. RETICULARIA Bull.
I. R. Lycoperdon Bull. Champ. Fr. 95 (1791-1812). teste Lloyd.
On top of a partly decorticated log of Eucalyptus, Big Wash Canyon, Jan.
29, 1921, Nut tall 1048.
Family 3. PHYSARACE^.
I. CRATERIUM Trent.
1. C. leucocephalum (Pers.) Rost. Mon. 123 (1875). ^<^^^^ Macbride.
Stemonitis leucoccphala Pers. Gmel. Syst. i : 464 ( 1791 ) .
On leaves of Salix lasiolepis, Willow Cove Canyon, Aug. 2, 1920, Nutiall
755-
2. PHYSARUM Pers.
J. P. nutans Pers. In Usteri Ann. Bot. 15 :6 (1795J. teste Burt.
On oak bark, Pebble Beach Canyon, Feb. 10, 1921, Nutiall loSgb., with the
next .
2. P. nutans leucophaeum Lister. Mycetozoa67 (1911). teste Burt.
With the last on damp dead oak. Same location and date. Nuitall to8(j.
Family 4. STEMONITACE^.
I. STEMONITIS Gledit.
1. S. pallida Wing.Macbr.N. A. Slime-moulds 123 (1899) teste hurt.
On Quercus tomentella, Pebble Beach Canyon, Jan. 15, 1921, Nnttall J015.
Sub-class PHYCOMYCETES.
Order i. PERONOSPORINE^.
Family i. PERONOSPORACE^.
I. PERONOSPORA Corda.
I. P. Hyoscyami DeBy Ann.Soc.Nat. 4, 20:123 (1863). teste Ydixxm.
On leaves of Nicotiana glauca. Equestrian Trail, July 10, 1920, Nuttall 544.
Specimens of a blight on the same host were collected at San Diego by
Prof. Farlow and referred to P. Hyoscyami. Others since that early date have
called it P. Nicotianae Speg. For a consideration of the occurrence of this
fungus in southern California consult Wilson, Studies in North American
Flora OF Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 339
Peronosporales, III, New or Noteworthy Species, in Bull. Torr. Bot. CI. 1908.
Cfr. "A dangerous Tobacco Disease appears in the United States." U. S.
Dept. Agric, Department Circular number 174. — Fairman.
Sub-class DEUTEROMYCETES.
Order i. HELVELLINE^.
Family i. PEZIZACEiE.
I. LAMPROSPORA Boud.
I . L. Constellatio (Berk. & Br.) Seaver, Mycologia 6:18 ( 1914) .
teste Seaver.
Barlaea Constellatio B. & Br. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. IV. 17:142
(1876).
On a damp, shaded bank in Banning's Canyon, June 14, 1920, Nuttall 418.
2. LACHNEA Fries.
I. L. umbrarum (Fuck.) Gill, Disc. c. ic. (1879). teste 'S^^vex.
Humaria umbrarum Fuck. Symb. 323 ( 1870) .
On a damp, shaded bank in Banning's Canyon, June 14, 1920, Nuttall 419.
3. GEOPYXIS Pers.
1. G. Catinus Holmsk. Ot. 2 :22 (1789). /^ejr/^ Seaver.
ging bank in Pebble Bea(
4. ORBILIA Fries.
Under a dry. overhanging bank in Pebble Beach Canyon, May 19, 1920,
Nuttall 420.
I. O. chrysocoma (Bull.) Sacc. Syllog. 8:624 (1889). teste Seaver.
Calloria chrysocoma (Bull.) Fr. Summa359
On rotten wood of Sambucus glauca, Pebble Beach Canyon, July 5, 1920,
Nuttall 537.
5. HELOTIELLA Sacc.
J . H. microspora Burt, sp. nov.
Apothecia gregarious, sometimes cespitose in groups of two or
three, primuline yellow of Ridgway, applanate, sessile, becoming i mm.
in diameter, glabrous ; exciple concolorous with the hymenium, pros-
enchymatous; asci 8-spored, cylindric, 75-80 ^ long, p.sp. 45-50 x
3 /i; paraphyses filiform; spores obliquely uniseriate, hyaline, e-"en,
uniseptate, fusoid, 5-6 x 2-2^ /x.
340 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany^ Vol. V.
On bark of rotting Photinia (Heteromeles) arbutifolia, Pebble Beach
Canyon, February lo, 1921, Nuttall 1087. The small ascospores and asci are
noteworthy.
6. DASYSCYPHA Fries.
I. D. cerina (Pers.) Fuck. Symb. 305 ( 1869-75). teste 'Bnn.
Pezisa cerina Persoon, Syn. 65 1 ( 1 80 1 ) .
On decorticated Heteromeles, Grand Canyon, Jan. 30, 1921, Nuttall 1057.
Family 2. CELIDIACE^.
I. AGYRIUM Fries.
I . A rufum (Pers.) Fries. Syst. Myc. 2 :232 (1823). teste Merrill.
On dead limbs of Lyonothamnus floribundus, Sept. 15, 1920, Nuttall 870.
Family 3. STICTIDACE^.
I. EMBOLUS Wallr.
T. E. ochreatus Sacc. Syllog. 8 1832 (1889). teste Fairman.
Gregarious or scattered, 350 ju. and upward in height, stalked
black; cups subhemispheric, disc plane or subconvex, 150/x and up-
ward in diameter, provided with a long cylindric black stipe about
50 /x in diameter and composed of densely interwoven tissues ; asci
cylindric, short stipitate, 8-spored, 45-58 x 5 /a, surrounded by numer-
ous, matted, paraphyses: sporidia monostichous, ellipsoid, attenuated
slightly at the ends, fuliginous at first, becoming brown or black.
7-7-5 X 3-4 1^-
On decoricated Heteromeles, Grand Canyon, Jan. 30, 1921, Nuttall 1059.
The spores resemble those of an Hypoxylon, and while some were found
which seemed abnormal in length or thickness the dimensions given above are
for the normal spores. Dr. C. L. Shear, who made a call upon the author
(Fairman) at the time of the study of this species, took back to Washington
a specimen and examined it carefully and compared it with the figure of this
species in Fungi Italici. He says in confirmation : "Aside from this slight
diflference in spore measurements, I see no diflFerences, and should be inclined to
refer the specimens to this species, at least until there is an opportunity to
compare authentic specimens of Embolus ochreatus with this material."
2. PHZEANGIUM Sacc. non Patouil.
I. P. sphaeroides E.&E. (Phasnangium) Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci.
4:62 (1905). teste F^.\Trr\2in.
Gregarious; apothecia round, black, smooth, globose at first, be-
coming depressed obconical with the disc plane or concave (convex
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 341
when moist), one-half to three-quarters mm. in diameter, the marg^in
incurved when dry. Asci cyHndrical, p.-sp. 50-55 x 4 /x. Paraphyses
obscure. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong-elhptical, almost opaque, 6-8 x 3-
4ix, resembling the sporidia of a Hypoxylon.
The name Phaenangium was first used by Saccardo as a sub-
genus of Cenangium, embracing species with dark-colored spores. In
Syll. 16:764, he gives Phaenangium generic rank. Phaenangium
Patouillard is entirely different; see Syll. 11 :442.
On bleached wood of Rhamnus insularis and of Melosma (Rhus) laurina,
Avalon, March, 1904; C. F. Baker 4039, 404$; on Comarostaphylos diversifolia
Greene, "Manzanita," on the main ridge between the main branches of Galla-
gher's Canyon, Sept. 11, 1920, Nuttall 859. Spores dark, 6-8 x 3.5-4 p,.
3. PROPOLIS Fries.
J. P. faginea (Schrad.)Karst.Myc.Fen. i :244 (1870). teste Fairman.
On Laurocerasus Lyoni, Nolava Canyon, June 30, 1920, Nuttall 617 pp., socia
Schizoxylon q. v.
4. LECANIDION Rabh.
I. L. atratum(Hedw.)Rabh.Kryp.Fl. 1 1342 ,(1863). i"^^^^ Fairman.
In association with Lophiosphaeria quercetri on Sambucus glauca, Pebble
Beach Canyon, July 2, 1920, Nuttall 510 pp.
5. SCHIZOXYLON Pers.
I. S. insigne (DeNot.) Bres. Rabh. Krypt. Fl. ed. 2, 1, 3:1253
(1863). teste YairmTin.
On Sericotheca (Spirea) franciscana, Big Wash Canyon, Aug. 2, 1920.
Nuttall 731; on Laurocerasus Lyoni, Nolava Canyon, June 30, 1920, Nuttall
517 PP-: on Adenostoma fasciculatum, Equestrian Trail, Aug. 7, 1920, Nuttall
716.
6. STICTIS Pers.
I . S. lanuginicincta F'airman sp. nov.
Ascomata cup-shaped, immersed, surrounded by the matted
lanugo of the stems, sometimes left free and exposed when the down
disappears, margin white, entire or variously lacerate, disc whitish
farinose at first, becoming dark with age, 400-500 ;«, in diam. : asci 8-
spored, clavate, cylindric, 100-115 x 7-iO/x, surrounded by filifonn
paraphyses often exceeding the asci in length, and some times apically
enlarged: sporidia hyaline, filiform, fasciculate, multiseptate, not
readily separating into fragments, about as long as the asci.
On twigs of Marrubium vulgare, Avalon Canyon, Julv i^, 1920. Nuttall
61 ^.
342 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
J. S. radiata (L.) Pers. Obs. Myc. 2 173 (1799). teste Burt,
(^n bark dead Heteromeles, Grand Canyon, Jan. 30, ig2i,Nuttall 1058.
7. XYLOGRAMMA Wallr.
I. X. nigerrima(E.&E.)Rehm. Ann. Myc. 5:518 (1907). /6'.y/^<? Fairm.
Briardia nigerrima E. & E. So. Calif. Acad. Sci. 4: 62 (1905).
Apothecia gregarious, erumpent between the fibres of the
bleached, weather-beaten wood, 1-4 mm. long, i mm. wide, black.
A.sci at first subglobose, then obovate-oblong, 40 x 12-15 /x 8-spored.
Sporidia irregularly crowded, oblong-clavate, hyaline, becoming
brown, guttulate, 8-12 x 3-4 /x, continuous. Paraphyses branched
above, and bearing a black epithecium composed of subglobose brown
(becoming black) conidia, indistinctly submuriform, septate, 6-7/1 in
diameter.
On Melosma (Rhus) Laurina. Catholic Chuch gulley, March, 1904, Baker
■ms.
Order 2. HYSTERIINE^.
Family i. HYSTERIACE^.
I. GLONIOPSIS De Not.
J. G. insignis (Cke. & Hark.) Berl. & Vogl. in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9:
117 (1891). teste 'Qxxti.
Kysterographium htsigne Cooke & Hark. Grevillea 14:10 ( 1875) .
On dead wood of Heteromeles, Pebble Beach Canyon, Feb. 2, 1021, Nuttall
1097. This should be compared with the type — Burt.
2. GLONIUM Aliihl.
J. G. parvulum ( Ger.) Sacc. Syllog. 2 :735 (1883). /^.y^^ Fairman.
Perithecia crowded, often subseriate on the blackened surface of
the wood, subglobose when young becoming oblong, obtuse at the
ends, with the apex longitudinally cleft and sometimes with faint
striae parallel to the cleft, 500-1250 /x in length, black: asci 8-spored,
cylindric, short stipitate, about 60 x 6-7 /*, surrounded by numerous
filiform paraphyses exceeding the asci in length : sporidia vmiseriate,
oblong, rounded at the ends, uniseptate, constricted at the middle,
hyaline often minutely guttulate, 7 x 3-3.5 /x.
On dead dry wood of Photinia (Heteromeles) arbutifolia. Big Wash Can-
yon, July 24, 1920, Nuttall 634; also found on Cercocarpus betulaefolius, Big
Wash Canyon, July 21, 1920. Nvttall 626 pp.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 343
2. G. vestigiale Fainnan sp. nov.
Perithecia immersed then erumpent, scattered or gregarious, ob-
long, with a distinct longitudinal cleft, black, about 500-1000/* in
length ; asci obovate, sessile or short stipitate, 8-spored, imbedded in a
mass of slender paraphyses which exceed the asci in length : six)ridia
irregularly biseriate, ellipsoid, unequally uniseptate, constricted at the
septum, hyaline or subhyaline, 24.5-30 x 8-10 /z.
On twigs of Nicotiana glauca, Avalon, June 7, 1920, Nuttall 377- The
sporidia resemble the footprint of a modern shoe. It belongs in the group with
spores which Rehm likened to Arthonia spores.
HYSTEROGRAPHIUM Corda.
1. H. Bakeri Earle ? PI. Baker, 2 :io (1901). teste Fairman.
Hysterothecia crowded, erumpent superficial, oblong or ellipsoid,
opening by a narrow longitudinal cleft, black, 500-1000 /i in length
and 330/t in breadth: asci clavate-cylindric, short stipitate, rounded
at the apex, 105-120x14-17.5/1, octosporous, paraphysate: sporidia
biseriate, ellipsoid to obovate, 5-7-septate, only slightly constricted at
the septa, muriform, brown, 20-24 x 6 /*.
On a dead log of Photinia (Heteromeles) arbutifolia, Pebble Beach Can-
yon, Feb. 10, 1921, Nuttall 1097. H. Mori has spores uniseriate and deeply
constricted. From H. Kansense sec. specimen in Wilson and Seaver's Ascomy-
cetes the above is distinguished by smaller spores.
2. H. Mori (Schw.) Rehm. Ascom. 363 (1876). /t'.y/<? Fairman.
Hysterium Mori Schw. Tr. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 4:244 (1832).
Hysterothecia scattered or gregarious, ellipsoid, erump^ent-super-
hcial, lips opening and exposing the disc, longitudinally striate, black
1-3 mm. long, one-half to one mm. wide: asci cylindric, 8-spored,
paraphysate, 100-135x12-14/1: sporidia uniseriate, ovate oblong, or
ellipsoid, 3-5-septate, constricted at the middle, muriform, hyaline at
first becoming brown, 15-25 x 7-8 /i.
On bare wood of Lyonothamnus floribundus, Isthmus, July 28, 1920, Nuttall
646 and 647; on bark and wood of Cercocarpus betulaefolius, Big Wash Canyon,
July 21, 1920, Nuttall 625. (625 is young and undeveloped) ; numbers 646 and
647 are accompanied by a lichen, in fact, the Hysterographium fonns the
smallest part of the collection.
3. H. prominens (Phil. & Hark.) Berl. & Vogl. Syll. Add. 270
(1886). teste ¥z\vvc\zx\.
Hysterium prominens Phil.&Hark. Bull. Calif. Acad, i : 125 (1884).
Hysterothecia superficial, oblong, opening by a longitudinal
cleft which is more or less open, black, 1000 /a or upward in length ;
asci octosporous, clavate-cylindric, 150x25-27/*; sporidia biseriate
344 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
or irregularly biseriate, ellipsoid, rounded at the ends, 7-12-septate.
strongly constricted at the middle, muriform, brown, 50-56 x
14-17-5 /*•
On dead twigs of Melosma (Rhus) lauriiia, Avalon, June 13, 1920, Nuttall
391-
The specimens on Rhus agree well with Fung. Col. 529 on Adenostoma
fasciculatum collected by McClatchie at Pasadena, California. The species is
close to H. vulvatum Schw. from which it seems to differ in the spores not
heing unequally divided. The spores are described as broad fusoid but when one
takes into consideration their length are narrow.
On dead wood of Lyonothamnus Horibundus, Gallagher's Canyon, Sept.
15, 1920, Nuttall 882. In the specimen on Lyonothamnus the asci are 160-170
X 24-28 y, and the sporidia are 70-84 x 12-17.5 ^t, the end cells lighter colored,
the first and sometimes the second joint above the middle septum oedematous
and reticulate muriform. A peculiarity of the spores which we have not
seen mentioned is that they separate readily, outside the asci, upon pressure on
the cover glass. It will also be noted that the spores of Mr. Nuttall's number
882 are larger than usually given for this species.
On Adenostoma fasciculatum, Equestrian Trail, Aug. 7, 1920, Nuttall 775.
Associated with Hypoxylon annulatum on dead Heteromeles arbutifolia.
Pebble Beach Canyon, Feb. 10, 1921, Nuttall Ii6g— teste Burt.
Order 3. PLECTASCINEiE.
Family 1. MYRIANGIACEiE.
1. MYRANGIUM Mont. & Berk.
/. M. catalinae Fairman sp. nor.
Stomata scattered, erumpent superficial, sometimes surrounded
by the remains of the ruptured epiderpiis, varying in shape from
convex-hemispheric or pulvinate-elevated to oblong-applanate ;
externally black-punctate and grayish-fibrillose, covered by thin,
loosely-woven, flocculent or irregularly-fimbriate aggregations of
brown, tortuous hyphcC, interiorly composed of pseudoparenchy-
matous tissue which is concolorous with, and shaded gradually
into, the underlying wood cells and fibers of the host; 500-2000 /u, in
length. Loculi peripheric, without visible ostiola, globose and 60-
200 /jt in diameter or oblong and 160 ^u. in length, the most superficial
ones nearly surrounded by black, intercurrent fibers of the epis
tromatic layer, usually containing but one ascus to a loculus ; asci
broad cylindric or subglobose, sessile or with a short submastoid
stipe, 70-90 /x in diameter and up to 133 /i. in length, aparaphysate ;
sporidia irregularly tristichous or conglobate, ellipsoid, rounded at
the ends, transversely 7-septate, unconstricted at the septa, muri-
form, hyaline, 40-50 x 1 7.5-21 ft.
On stems of Ramona (Audibertia) stachyoides, June, 1920, Nuttall 415.
Floka of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 345
Order 4. PERISPORIALES.
Family i. PERISPORIACE^.
I. CAPNODIUM Mont.
J. C. Heteromeles Cke. & Hark. Grev, 13:21 (1884). ^^^.j^e Fair man.
On leaves and branches of Heteromeles arbutifolia, May 28, 1920, Nuttall
38J.
The specimen of 382 does not aflford ripe ascospores and is possibly mixed
with Meliola Heteromeles (Cke. & Hark.) Berl. et Voglino.
This "black smut" is very prevalent on Heteromeles throughout the island.
1 have seen no shrub or tree of the species without it and in many the leaves
arc absolutely black with it. — C. F. Millspaugh.
2. EUROTIUM Link.
1 . E. teste Thaxter.
On dead leaves of the Catalina Cherry, Summit, Dec. 27, 1920, Nuttall
fOOT; Hamilton Canyon, Jan. 16, 1921, Nuttall 1041.
Order 5. HYPOCREALES.
Family i. NECTRIACE.ffi.
I. NECTRIA Fries.
1. N. episphaeria (Tode) Fr. Sum. V. Sc. 388 (1849). teste Fairman.
Perithecia episphseriaceous, superficial, blood red, often collaps-
ing, quite variable in size; asci cylindric, octosporous, 70X6-7/X;
spores irregularly uniseriate, broad fusoid, uniseptate, hyaline.
9-10.5 X 4-5 la.
On Eutypella stellulata (Fr.) Sacc, vicinity of Avalon, Nuttall ^42 pp.
Family 2. HYPOMYCETACEiE,
I. HYPOMYCES Fries.
) . H. rosellus (A. & S.) Tul. Ann, Soc. Nat. 4. 13 :i2 (i860).
teste Burt.
On bark and decorticated wood of Sambucus glauca, July 5, 1920, Nuttall
r4i. The white- or cream-colored base stained wine-color by spores.
Order 6. DOTHIDEALES.
Family i. DOTHIDEACE^.
I. PHYLLACHORA Nitsche.
I . P. Nuttedliana Fairman sp. nov.
Stromata scattered, oblong, the long diameter running parallel
with the nerves of the leaves, slightly arched, 1-2 mm. in length,
346 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
dull black ; loculi globose, about 200 fx. in diam. asci cylindric, short
stipitate, 84-88 x 14-15/1, 8-spored ; sporidia ellipsoid, uniseriate, at
times mixed uniseriate and biseriate, hyaline, 11.5-15.5x7-8/*.
Euryachora Aristidae and Endodothella Tracyi on same host are described
as having uniseptate sporidia, but our species cannot be referred to either as
the spores show no septation.
On leaves of Distichlis maritima, Little Harbor, Aug. 31, 1920, Nut tall 821.
Order 7. SPHAERIALES.
Family i. SPHAERIACE^.
I. ROSELLINIA Ces. & DeNot.
I. R. aquila (Fr.) DeNot. Sfer. Ital. 21 (1863). teste Burt.
Large, brown, woolly mycelium on decorticated Sambucus glauca, Pebble
Beach Canyon, July 5, 1920, Nuftall 538; on dead hard wood of Quercus tomen-
tella, same locality, Jan. 15, 1921, Nuftall 1026.
Family 2. CERATOSTOMATACEffi.
1. ACERBIA Sacc.
1. A. bacillata .(Cooke) Berl. Ic. Fung. 2 1142 (1899). teste Fairman.
Perithecia scattered, deeply immersed in the woody bark, often
penetrating the wood, globose, thick walled, becoming suberumpent
and elevating the epidermis which is colored gray, brown or black
over and around them, with stout, roughened, irregularly sulcate
necks and ostiola which finally protrude a short distance above the
surface, black, 500 /* and upward in diam.; asci narrow cylindric,
straight or curved, 6-8 spored, 200-300 x 7-8 fi, surrounded by a mass
of indistinct filiform paraphyses; sporidia filiform, hyaline, yellow-
ish in mass, fasciculate, multiseptate, indistinctly guttulate, about
as long as the asci.
On dead stems of Pentsteraon cordifolius, Avalon Canyon, July 18 and Sept.
2, 1920, Nnttall 619, 827.
Family 3. AMPHISPHAERIACE.®.
I. STRIKERIA Korb.
1 . S. Catalinae Fairman sp. nov.
Perithecia immersed in bleached and whitened areas of the
wood, becoming erumpent but with the base and a considerable
portion sunk in the wood, at times scattered, usually subgregarious,
compressed spherical or ellipsoid, dull black, 1-4 mm. in length,
ostiola round or sub-compressed, not prominent but often incon-
spicuous, perforate with age : asci 8-spored, clavate-cylindric, stipi-
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 347
tate. rounded at the apex, surrounded by numerous filiform para-
physes, 100-125 x 14/i, (p. sp. 105 x 14/1) ; sporidia ellipsoid, rounded
at the ends, triseptate not markedly constricted, one or more of the
cells divided by a longitudinal septum, overlapping uniseriate or
biseriate, brown when mature, 1 7.5-21 x 10-12 /*.
On bare wood of Lyonothamnus floribundus, Gallagher's Canyon, Sept.
IS, 1920, Nuttall 871. Associated with small quantities of patellariaceous and
hysteriaceous fungi.
Sections show the perithecia in the wood substance to be more or less
spheric, but in erupting through the hard, bare and weathered surface the latter
become subject to so much pressure as to become molded into a narrowly com>-
pressed or ellipsoid form. The same conditions cause the ostiola at times to
appear compressed, and the species is close to the border line between Strickeria
and Platystomum. The peculiar, often confusing, external appearances of species
of Strickeria, Lophiostoma, Platystomum and Amphisphaeria on dry, hard and
bare wood in the Western United States is noteworthy. It is well exhibited
in the Colorado collections of C. F. Baker as reviewed by Earle in Plantae
Bakerianae, many of the types of which can be seen in the herbarium of the
New York Botanical Garden.
2. TEICHOSPORELLA Sacc.
I. T. lonicerina Fairman sp. nov.
Perithecia sparsely scattered, immersed at first and covered by
the blackened epidermis, becoming erumpent. base sunk in the
matrix for approximately two-thirds the height, compressed
spherical or oval, somewhat shining at the apex, otherwise dull
black, slightly roughened and longitudinally striate, with minute,
slightly protruding ostiola which are rounded or very rarely com-
pressed and perforate w^ith age; transverse sections in the wood
tissue measuring 500-700 /u, while the superficial measurements of
the fully erumpent fungus run in length from 500-2000/*; asci
clavate-cylindric, rounded at the apex, short stipitate, 8-spored, 115-
175 X 17.5-20 /t; paraphyses abundant; sporidia uniseriate, ellipsoid,
5-7-septate, not constricted, muriform or cribrose guttulate, hyaline,
subhyaline or yellow^ish with age. 20-31.5x10-12/14.
On dead stems of Lonicera, Avalon Canj'on, July 18, 1920. Nuttall 620.
Family 4- LOPHIOSTOMATACE^.
I. LOPHIOSPH^RA Trev.
I. L. querceti (S. & Sp.) Sacc. Syllog. 2 :676 (1883). lesle Fairman.
On dead branches of Sambucus glauca, Pebble Beach Canyon, July 2, 1920,
Nuttall 3og and 510.
Number 509 in its exposed, prominent and oval perithecia resembles many
of the western species of the Lophiostomataceae, found by Baker in Colorado
and listed by Earle in Plantae Bakerianae. They assume this appearance on
old, hard, dry or weathered bare wood. 510 is also, sparingly, the host of
Lecanidion atratum.
348 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Family 5. MYCOSPHiERELLACEffi.
] . MYCOSPH^RELLA Johans.
1 . M. Chlorogalli Fairman sp. nov.
Perithecia gregarious or thickly scattered, subepidermal becom-
ing erumpent superficial, globose depressed, opening by a central
rounded pore which is 7-10 fi in diam. and surrounded by a narrow
black zone, black, 50-100 /r in diameter; asci 8-spored, broad ellip-
soid, sessile or short stipitate, 55-60 x 14-17.5 fi, aparaphysate ; spofi-
dia irregularly tristichous, ellipsoid, rounded at the ends, hyaline or
greenish hyaline, uniseptate at the middle, not constricted. 14-17.5 x
On dead stems of Chlorogallum pomeridianum, border of an old field.
Middle Ranch, July 30, 1920, Nuttall 665 pp. Socia Pleospora sp.
2. M. Clymenia(Sac.) ? Mich. 1 135 (Sphierella) (1879). teste Fairni.
Spots amphygenous, circular, sordid or pale brown, surrounded
by a dark brown or purplish colored border; perithecia minute,
thickly scattered, epiphyllous, globose or globose-depressed ; asci
clavate-cylindric, 8-spored, 40-50 x 10 /x, without paraphyses; spori-
dia biseriate, oblong clavate to ellipsoid, straight or curved, at first
hyaline and continuous, apparently becoming uniseptate and un-
equally didymous, 10-12x3-3.5/1.
On leaves of Lonicera, Big Wash Canyon, Feb. 10, 1921, Nuttall 1084.
Accompanied by spermogonia which may be referable to Phyllosticta vulgaris
Lonicerae Desm. The specimens are not mature and hence the diagnosis is
uncertain.
3. M. Nemoseridis Fairman sp. nov.
Perithecia thickly scattered, erumpent, elevating the epidermis
in pustules through the more or less blackened apices of which
protrude minute papilliform ostiola, the ostiolum at times absent or
deciduous and then the perithecia open by a central rounded pore,
black, 100-150 fx. in diam. ; asci 8-spored, cylindric, saccate or obovate
and capitate bulging at the upper third, short stipitate or sessile,
rounded at the apex, 50-80 x 14-17. 5 yu,, aparaphysate; sporidia irreg-
ularly biseriate to conglobate tristichous, uniseptate at the middle,
at times unequally didymous, ellipsoid, attenuated, but still obtuse
at the ends, hyaline, often granular or guttulate, 1 7.5-21. 5 x 6-7 /u.
On smaller branches of the stems of Nemoseris (Rafinesquea) californica
creek bed of Avalon Canyon, Feb. 9, 1921, Nuttall 1094 pp.
The sporidia are beautifully differentiated by staining in Erythrosine Glyc-
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 349
Family 6. PLEOSPORACE^.
I. PHYSALOSPORA Niesse.
1. P. erratica (C. & E.) Sacc. Syllog. 1 :442 (1882). teste Fahman.
Asci clavate or ventricose pyriform, sessile or short stipitate,
6-spored, 70-87.5 x 20-24 /*. indistinctly paraphysate ; sporidia ellip-
soid, hyaline, granular, distichous or irregularly tristichous, 18-24 x
7-9 fi. Accompanied by a Macrophoma-like deuteromycete in
pycnidia 1 10-220 /u. in diameter containing hyaline ellipsoid spores
20-24 X 7 /*. ^nd a Phoma.
On branches of Nicotiana glauca, May 20, 1920, Nuttall 372.
This cannot be separated morphologically from P. erratica by any differ-
ences at present known. Physalospora Cydoniae Arnaud described by Lex R.
Hesler in Bull. Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Station no. 379 is probably the same
thing. A great number of species of Physalospora have been described on
wood and herbaceous stems which have hyaline, ellipsoid, spores measuring
15-25 X 7-10 /x which can be separated only according to habitat. Hesler has
cultivated forms on Malus, Hammamelis, Sambucus and other hosts which he
says are the same species. Cultures and inoculation experiments are necessary
to determine whether the forms on herbaceous stems are the same as those on
trees. For the present ^ye refer the form on Nicotiana as above listed.
2. P. eucalyptina Fairman sp. norj.
Perithecia amphigenous, scattered or gregarious, immersed in
the mesophyll which is sometimes distinctly yellow and concolor-
ously tingeing the perithecia (and probably the spores) sometimes
erumpent, but for the most part covered by the translucent epi-
dermis, globose, 200-600 p. broad and up to 330 /x in height ; asci
8-spored, cylindric, short stipitate, rounded at the apex, 100-125 x
lo-ii ft, surrounded by filiform paraphyses; sporidia uniseriate, nar-
row ellipsoid, attenuated at the ends, granular, often minutelv
guttulate, hyaline to pale yellow, 14-17.5x7-10/*.
On leaves of cultivated Eucalyptus, Avalon, June 3, 1920, Nuttall 405.
This seems to differ from any of the Phyllachoras described by Theissen
and Sydow on this host in having smaller spores and no well defined stroma.
The spores are not as obtusely rounded at the ends as those of Physalospora
aurantia E. & E. which species it otherwise resembles.
3. P. heteromelina Fairman sp. nofi'.
Leaf spots irregular, whitish or grayish, limited by the veinlets.
with a thin, narrow, reddish purple border which darkens with age ;
perithecia irregularly scattered over the spots, globose, black, with
a large circular aperture at the apex, 200-225 /u, in diam., at first sub-
epidermal, becoming erumpent and surrounded by the lacerated leaf
tissues; asci 8-spored, subcylindric, rounded at the apex, sessile or
with a very short stipe, 50 x 7.5 fi, surrounded by granular or guttu-
late, cylindric paraphyses; sporidia obliquely i-seriate, ellipsoid,
hyaline »5r greenish hyaline, 7-10 x 3-4 /x.
350 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
On both liviuR and dying leaves of Photinia (Heteromeles) arbutifolia,
Avalon Canyon, Aug. 31, 1920, Nuttall 822.
Leaf sections show no clypeus and the species does not seem to be a
Phyllachora to which genus Theissen and Sydow have referred many fungi
originally described as Physalosporas.
2. DIDYMELLA Sacc.
1 . D. superflua (Awd.) Sacc. Mich. 2 : 316 (1882). teste Fairman.
Perithecia subepidermal becoming erumpent, scattered or
gregarious, depressed globose to oblong, black, 200-250 x 130-150/i;
asci clavate-cylindric, short stipitate, surrounded by indistinct para-
physes; sporidia uniseriate, oblong obovate, septate at the middle,
slightly constricted at the septum, lower cell smaller, hyaline, 14 x
On stems of Urtica holosericea, Middle Ranch Canyon, Sept. 21, 1920.
Nuttall 901. Accompanied by a Phoma which may be Phoma nebulosa Auct.
2. D. Ramonae Fairman sp. no%'.
Perithecia scattered or gregarious, at first covered by the epi-
dermis then erumpent, punctiform, submenbranaceous, ostiola in-
conspicuous, black, 100-150 /t in diameter; asci 8-spored, saccate or
subventricose, rounded at both ends, subsessile, 20-35 x 11. 5-14 /li,
surrounded by simple filiform paraphyses; sporidia biseriate, oblong
ellipsoid, uniseptate or with the endochrome once divided at the
middle, not constricted, hyaline or greenish hyaline, 10-14x2-2.5/14.
On twigs of Ramona stachyoides, on mountain side Avalon, July 15, 1920,
Nuttall 614 pp. Socia Pleospora Labiatarum Cooke and Harkness.
3. DIDYMOSPH^RIA Fuck.
1. D. brunneola Niessl. Oest. Bot. Zeit.1874 :20i. teste Fairman.
Perithecia scattered or gregarious, innate, becoming erumpent
through the blackened and elevated epidermis, papilliform brownish
black; asci 8-spored, clavate to subcylindric, stipe short, surrounded
by numerous filiform paraphyses, 50-70x10/*; sporidia uniseriate.
ellipsoid, slightly constricted, uniseptate, hyaline at first becoming
olivaceous, 10 x 3.5-4/1. In exceptional cases the sporidia may reach
14/1 in length. Smaller throughout than Didymosphaeria Catalina^
E. & E.
On stems of Pluchea camphorata (L.) DC, Soapstone Quarry, Sept. 24,
1920, Nuttall gog.
2. D. catalinas I'^.&E. So.Calif. Acad. Sci.4:63 (1905). teste Fairman.
Perithecia scattered on the bleached stems, raising the epi-
dermis directly over them into little black pustules about one-half
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 351
mm. in diameter, mostly slightly compressed laterally; ostiola
papilliform, minute, finally perforated. Asci cylindrical, short-
stipitate, 90-100 x 12 fi, with abundant paraphyses, slightly enlarged
at the tips. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong, hyaline at first, becoming-
pale brown, uniseptate and constricted in the middle, 15-22 x 6-7 /v..
On dead stems of Artemisia californica, Catholic Church gulley, March,
IQ05, Baker 4041.
4. AMPHISPHiERIA Ces. & DeNot.
1. A. dothideasporaCooke& Hark. Grev.i4:9 (1885). teste Fairni.
On dead stems of Diplacus linearis on a hillside in Cattail Canyon, July lo,
T920, Nuttall 547.
Specimens immature and only a few ripe ascospores found.
5. METASPH^ffiRIA Sacc.
I. M. anisometra (C. & H.) Sacc. Syll. 2:163 (1883). teste FdJitvnsiu.
Perithecia more or less thickly scattered, erumpent, ostiola just
visible as papilliform points at the apices of the slightly pustuliform-
elevated epidermis, subglobose flattened, black, 150-250 /* in diam. ;
asci oblong-clavate, saccate or obovate, sessile or short stipitate.
40-70x12-14//, surrounded by numerous filiform paraphyses much
exceeding the asci in length and at times slightly enlarged at the
apices; sporidia biseriate or conglobate, straight or slightly curved,
fusoid to oblong ellipsoid, subacute or obtuse at the ends, 1-4-sep-
tate, unequally didymous, biconic at times, constricted at all the
septa but most strongly so at the third septum, one part of the
unequally divided spore broader and three septate, the smaller end
uniseptate, hyaline, becoming darker in extreme age, 17.5-28 x 4-8 /x.
This species occurs, in Southern California, on many hosts. A few sporidia
were found on Mr. Nuttall's 520 which were browli, and Ellis & Everhart, in
North Amer. Pyrenomycetes, say that "the mature sporidia are slightly oliva-
ceous." In this condition it is a Leptosphaeria. On Mr. Nuttall's 520 some
loose spores were found which looked like those of inverted Leptosphaeria
pulchra (Winter) Sacc. and Berl. We leave it in Metasphaeria for it is usually
found in the hyaline spored stage.
On stems of Galium aiigusti folium, Golf Links Canyon, June 29, 1920,
Nuttall 520. Accompanied by a Sphaeropsis and a Diplodia. On twigs of Nico-
tiana glauca, May 19, 1920, Nuttall 375, spores 17.5-24x70,. On twigs of Rhus
laurina, May 20, 1920, Nuttall 411.. Perithecia I25y, in diam.; spores 20 x 7.5a.
septate, unconstricted spores, 7-10.5 x 3-4 p,. On twigs of cultivated Eucalyptus.
June 3, 1920, Nuttall 407. Spores 17-20 x 5 n, socia Phoma sp. On dead stems
of Solanum Wallacei, Big Wash Canyon, Feb. 9, 1921, Nuttall 1083 pp., spores
20-24 X 7 It, socia Phlyctaena arcuata Berk. On dead twigs of Baccharis vim-
inea, Sept. 17, 1920, Big Wash Canyon, Nuttall 878, spores 23.5x7^. On dead
stems of Galium angustifolium, steep Banks of Creek, Big Wash Canyon, Feb.
10, 1921, Nuttall 700(5, spores 17-20 x 7 m,; socia undeveloped Leptosphaeria. On
a dead shrub. Big Wash Canyon, Jan. 29, 1921. Nuttall 1074, mostly young and
352 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol, V,
undeveloped; spores 17.5-20 x 4-5 y,. On dead twigs of Holodiscus ariaefolius.
left fork of Willow Cove Canyon, Aug. 2, 1920, Nuttall 732 pp.; spores
20 X 6-7*1 ; socia Valsa holodiscina q. v. On twigs of Malvastrum Thurberi,
Cherry Canyon, July i, 1920, Nuttall 507 — teste Seaver.
6. LEPTOSPH^RIA Ces. & DeNot.
I , L. Galiorum gnaphaliana Fairman var. noti'.
Perithecia thickly scattered, not on definite spots, at first innate,
then erumpent, with minnte, protruding, conoid ostiola, often con-
cealed beneath the woolly covering- of the stems, sub-membran-
aceous, black, 150-200 /u, in diam. ; asci, 8-spored, clavate-cylindric,
short stipitate, 75-77x10-12^; sporidia uniseriate or biseriate,
straight, or curved, triseptate, constricted at the septa, guttulate,
brown, 20-24 ^ 7-7-5 /*•
On dead stems of Gnaphalium, Big Wash Canyon, Sept. 17, 1920, Nuttall
87(). The spores are broader than those of L. Doliolum and the perithecia are
smaller than those given in the description of L. Galiorum Sacc. which has
spores of the same size and form. Leptosphaeria Gnaphalii (West and Fckl.)
Sacc. is an imperfectly described and doubtful species, but it is said to have
5-septate spores. Berlese says, Icones Fungorum 88: "L. Gnaphalii (West &
Fckl.) Sacc. incerta."
7. PLEOSPORA Rabh.
1 . P. Chlorogalli Fairman sp. nov.
Perithecia depressed, oblong or ellipsoid, 350-500 /^ in length by
100-200 /t in height, opening by a rounded, often excentric pore
which is 60 \L and upward in diam. ; asci clavate-cylindric, short
stipitate, 105-140 x 20-24 /x, 8-spored; sporidia irregularly biseriate.
oblong, 5-6-septate, muriform, brown, 25-35 ^ 10-14 /*.
On dead stems of Chlorogallum pomeridianum, border of an old field.
Middle Ranch, July 30, 1920, Nuttall 665 pp. The oblong, megastomous peri-
thecia afiford characters which distinguish this.
2. P. herbarum(Pers.)Rabh.Herb.Myc.ed.2:547 (1857) testeFzh-nx.
Sporidia 28-35 ^ I4-i7m. S-S'? septate, brown.
On stems of Verbena prostrata. Pebble Beach Canyon, June 7, 1920, Nuttall
306. Accompanied by a Phoma which is probably a stage of the Pleospora.
On Foeniculum vulgare, Johnson's Landing, Sept. 24, 1920, Nuttall 910. The
above has perithecia 150-300 /n in diam., asci clavate-cylindric, short stipitate,
about I40X35H, and spores 5-7 septate, muriform, brown, 30-38 x 14 y,. On
dead stems of Cirsium occidentale, Avalon Canyon, Jan. 29, 1921, Nuttall 1069.
Sporidia 32-38 x 14-17.S u 7 septate, muriform, brown. On dead stems of Ptiloria,
Avalon Canyon, Jan. 29, 1921, Nuttall loyo and 1071 pp. Sporidia 27-32 x 14-17 u.
6-7 septate, muriform, brown. Probably a smaller spored form. Associated
with an undeveloped Metasphaeria on oblong blackened or cloudy areas. On
dead Nemoseris in Creek bed, Avalon Canyon, Feb. 9, 1921, Nuttall 1094 pp.
Spores 30 x 14 u,. On overwintered plants of some member of the Fabaceae,
Big Wash Canyon, Jan. 29, 1921, Nuttall 1075.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 353
3. P. infectoria Fckl. Symb. Myc. 132 (1869). teste ¥sL\rma.n.
Perithecia rather thickly scattered over the stems, centrally
ostiolate, black; 250-350 /x in diam. ; asci clavate, short stipitate, 8-
spored, 112x20-24/1,; sporidia uniseriate, or irregularly uniseriate,
oval, mostly 5-septate, constricted at the middle, straw yellow
becoming darker with age, about 31.5 x 14 /x.
On twigs of Lupinus Hallii, May 25, 1920, Nuttall 414.
Pleospora herbarum (Pers) Rabh. is often found on Lupinus, Cfr. Lindau,
Hilfsbuch : Farlow, host Index : Earle, Plantae Baker. But the form on the
above mentioned host from Santa Catalina differs markedly from specimens
of P. herbarum on Lupinus angustifolius issued in Sydow's Myc. Germanica,
no. 245. In spore dimensions they occupy middle ground between P. herbarum
and P. infectoria and agre& well with the description of Pleospora Compositarum
Earle in PI. Bak. Nuttall's 414 is also the host of a smaller Pleospora which
has perithecia 100-150 « in diam., asci clavate, short stipitate 45-5-59.5 x 7-iOu, and
sporidia biseriate, brown, 14-17.5 x6-7/u,, but the spores are not developed
enough to be positive about the septa, either transverse or longitudinal, but
possibly they may belong to P. diaportheoides E. •& E. or P. microspora Sacc.
There is also a Phoma on no. 414. Perithecia 165-198 y, in diam.: asci
T05 X 24.5 IX : sporidia mostly 5-septate, 20-27 x 10 «•
On Typha latifolia, June 6, 1920, Nuttall 140.
4. P. Labiatarum Cooke & Hark. Grev. 14:8 (1885). /^.s/t? Fairman.
Perithecia black, 220 /x and upward in diam.; asci 8-spored,
clavate-cylindric, 70-87.5 x 14-17.5 ft, sporidia biseriate, ellipsoid, 3-
septate, constricted at the middle, with one or more of the cells
longitudinally septate, yellow brown, becoming dark brown with
age, 20-28 x 10-14 /ji.
On twigs of Ramona stachyoides, Avalon, July 15, 1920, Nuttall 614 pp.
The sporidia in Mr. Nuttall's specimens become darker than the color given
in the original description, and are also 5-septate at times. Socia Microdiplodia
Ramonae and Didymella Ramonae.
5. P. Meliloti Rabh. Fung. Eur. 2330 (1878). /c.y/(7 Fairman.
Perithecia thickly scattered, globose depressed, subcutaneous,
trumpent. black, averaging about 335-350 /x in diam,; asci cylindric,
short stipitate. roimded at the apex, 8-spored, 147-250x30^1;
sporidia oblong-ovate, obliquely monostichous to irregularly dis-
tichous, 5-6 septate, muriform, at times cribrose guttulate, honey
brown, constricted at the middle, 30-38.5 x 14-17. 5 ft.
On dead stems of Melilotus of previous season, Avalon Canyon, Jan. 29,
1921, Nuttall 1072, 1073. Ellis and Everhart in North Amer. Pyrenomycetes,
list it as a syn. of Pleospora herbarum. Berlese in Ic. Fung, figures it as a
distinct species.
Family 7. VALSACE^.
1. ANTHOSTOMA Nitschke.
I. A. dryophilum (Curr.) Sacc. Syll. 1 1308 (1882). /<\?/t' Fairman.
Sphaeria Diatrypc dryophila Curr. Trans. Linn. Soc. 22:269 f. 75
(1858).
Stroma tuberculiform or irregularly coalescent, deeply im-
mersed in the bark, then erumpent, with ostiola and necks converg-
354 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V^
ing ill a roughened disc ; asci cylindric, stipitate, paraphysate, p. sp.
about So fi in length; sporidia uniseriate, narrow elhpsoid, continu-
ous, biguttulate at first, becoming brown or opaque. lo-ii x 3.5-4 ft.
On bark of Quercus sp., May 28, 1920, Nuttall 3QQ.
2. VALSA Fries.
1. V. Eucalypti Cke. & Hark. Grev. 9:85 (1881). ^^j^^ Fairman.
Stromata discrete, sometimes thickly scattered, immersed in the
inner bark, becoming erumpent and subsuperficial ; perithecia few
in a stroma, with stout, long ostiola which are straight or curved,
somewhat roughened (smooth sec. Cooke), obtuse at the ends; asci
clavate, sessile or short stipitate, 33.5-42x6-7^.; sporidia hyaline,
alantoid, straight or curved, 6-8 x 1.5-2.5 ^,
On dead bark of cultivated Eucalptus, May 20, 1920, Nuttall 403.
The measurements of the asci are lacking in the original description, also
in Sacc. Syll. Fung, and in E. & E. North Amer. Pyrenomycetes. The spec-
imens of E. & E. in N. Am. Fungi were mainly in the stylospore stage.
_'. V. holodiscina Fairman sp. noro.
Stromata orbicular, formed from the unchanged inner bark,
with no black circumscribing line, finally elevating the bark in
small, slightly raised pustules, scattered or gregarious; perithecia
globose or angular from mutual pressure, circinate, black and
shining, with short necks which converge in a slightly prominent
black disc through which the shining black ostiola just protrude;
asci clavate-cylindric, 8-spored, 30-35 x 5-6 /n, paraphysate: spores
irregularly biseriate, allantoid, curved, hyaline, 7.5-10x2-2.5/1.
On dead twigs of Holodiscus ariacfolius (formerly Spiraea ariaefolia)
left fork of Willow Cove Canyon, Aug. 2, 1920, Nuttall 66g pp. Socia Meta-
sphaeria anisometra (C. & H.) .Sacc. and a Diaporthe in a subepidermal valsoid
stroma without circumscribing lines and with hyaline, uniseptate, often quadri-
guttulate, unconstricted sporidia which measure 14-17.5 x 3.5-4 y,, agreeing well
with Diaporthe Fuckelii, but the specimens are insufficiently developed to make
the diagnosis sure. Through the kindness of Dr. Homer D. House, State
Botanist of New York, we have had the privilege of examining the type spec-
imens of Peck's Valsa opulifoHae, collected on Spiraea opulifolia at West
Albany, New York, April 25, 1884. Mr. Nuttall's specimens on Holodiscus differ
in absence of any gray disc, less prominent postules, and longer, spiny ostiola.
3. EUTYPELLA Nitsche.
I . E. ceranata Fairman sp. new.
Stromata scattered or gregarious, disposed in parallel series in
the longitudinal axis of the decorticated branches, on bare wood,
immersed then erumpent and girt by the split fibres of the wood,
oblong or narrow-ellipsoid, dull black, roughened, 1-6 mm. in length ;
perithecia monostichous, usually in a linear series lengthwise of the
Flora OF Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 355
stroma, 6-8 or more, at first immersed in a whitish waxen stroma
which becomes brown or ahiiost obsolete with age, with short
cylindric ostiola which simply pierce the upper surface of the
stroma and are visible as obtuse black tubercles on its surface; asci
clavate-cylindric, long pedicellate, 8-spored, averaging about 70x7
jx, paraphysate; sporidia allantoid, curved, irregularly biseriatc,
hyaline to yellowish, 8-10x2.5-3 /x.
. On dead wood of Photinia (Heteromeles) arbiitifolia, Big Wash Canyon,
July 24, 1020, Nuttall 632.
2. E. domicalis Fairman sp. nav.
Stromata scattered or gregarious, convex, hemispherical with
flattened base, dome-shaped rarely confluent and irregularly elon-
gated, black, surrounded by a black circumscribing line, 1-4 mm. in
length ; perithecia globose, often irregular from pressure, thick
walled, monostichous, from 2-30, in a stroma; ostiola long cylindric.
either irregularly or in separate fascicles ; asci 8-spored, clavate,
long stipitate, p. sp. 35x7^; sporidia biseriate above, uniseriate
below, allantoid, curved, hyaline to yellowish, 10 x 2.5 fi.
On Adenostoma fasciculatum, Equestrian Trail, Aug. 7, 1920, Nuttall 774.
3. E. Populi E. & E. Am. Nat. 1897 • 3-P- ^^'-^'^ Fairman.
On Populus trichocarpa, Avalon Canyon, July 15, 1920.. Nuttall 615.
4. E. stellulata (Fr.) Sacc. Syllog. i -.^yi (1882). teste Fairman.
Stromata erumpent through the bark in longitudinal clusters,
formed from the unchanged substance of the inner bark, surrounded
by a black circumscribing line, epidermis often inflated and pierced
by the ostiola; perithecia variable in number, globose or angular
from mutual pressure, pachypleurous ; ostiola short, rugose; asci
octo-sporous, clavate-oblong, long pedicellate, 50 x 6-7 ^, paraphy-
sate; sporidia subdistichous, allantoid, hyaline, often pale yellow
when ejected in mass, 10-12x2-2.5/01.
On bark of the limbs of Sambucus glauca, Pebble Beach Canyon. July 5,
1920, Nuttall 542.
4. EUTYPA Tul.
I . E. lata ( Pers.) Tul. Select. Fung, Carp. 2 :56 (1863). teste Fairm.
Stroma widely effused, continuous, innate in the wood and
bark, uneven, cinereous to brown or black; perithecia monostichous,
immersed, somewhat protruding, globose, 225-325 /x or upward in
diam.; ostiola scattered, often irregularly, obtuse conical or sub-
hemispheric, entire; asci cylindric-clavate, long pedicellate, p. sp.
33x5-6/4; sporidia biseriate above, uniseriate below, allantoid,
straight or curved, yellowish hyaline, 7-10 x 1.5-2 /n.
356 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
On dead wood and bark of Crossosoma californica, Avalon Canyon, July
21, 1920, Nuttall 629.
5. PERONEUTYPA Berl.
J. P. heteracantha(Sacc.)Berl.Ic.Fung, 3:81 (1902) teste ¥7i\vm^\\.
On limbs of Sambucus glauca, Pebble Beach Canyon, July 5, 1920, Nuttall
339.
Family 8. MELOGRAMMATACE^ffi.
I. BOTRYOSPH^RIA Ces. & DeNot.
I. B. sp. teste Fa'irmain.
On bark of Nicotiana glauca, May 7. 1920, Nuttall 376.
This specimen not fully matured, only a few ripe ascospores found which
were ellipsoid, yellowish hyaline, often granular, 20 x 8 (t contained in clavate
asci 70-85 X 20-27 M-. paraphysate. Evidently in that composite called by Ellis
and Everhart, in North Amer. Pyrenoniycetes, Botryosphaeria fuliginosa (M.
& N.).
Family 9. XYLARIACE^ffi.
I. NUMMULARIA Tul.
I. N. Clypeus (Schw.) Cooke. Grev. 12 :6 (1883). teste Fairman
On small leaved Quercus (dumosa?). Pebble Beach Canyon, July 3, 1920,
Nuttall 330.
Spores dark, continuous, 14 x 6-7 «.
2. HYPOXYLON Bull.
1. H. botrys Nitsch. Pyr. Germ. 34 (1867). teste Vairma.n.
Stromata enimpent, depressed tuberculiform and 4-5 mm. in
diam., or elongated up to 10 mm. long, composed of simple aggre-
gations of perithecia underlaid and also surrounded by the whit-
ened substance of the bark or wood, black ; perithecia inonostichous,
discrete or aggregated, imbedded in bark or wood, overlaid and
cemented together by the thin crustose stromatic roof, projecting
above the surface to a variable distance; asci 8-spored, cylindric,
stipitate, 125x7//. (p. sp. 70X7/X), sporidia uniseriate, narrow-
ellipsoid, continuous, often guttulate, black, 10-12 x 7 /w.
On Lonicera catalinense, Nuttall 781.
We have not seen authentic specimens of H. botrys and the determination
follows the understanding of Ellis, in N. A. Pjt., of the characters of this
species.
/
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 357
2. H. rubiginosum(Pers.)Fr.Sain. Veg.Scan.384 {^iS4g)tcstc Fairm.
On Cercocarpus betulaefolius, Big Wash Canyon, July 21, 1920, Nuttall
636 pp. Asci p. sp. 70-80 X 7 «,, spores back, 8-10 x 4 «. On Heteromeles, right
fork of Gallagher's Canyon, Sept. 15, 1920, Nuttall 867. Young stage. On
Rhamnus insularis, Nolava Canyon, June 30, 1920, Nuttall 512. — teste Seaver.
3. H. annulatum (Schw.) Mont. Syll. Crypt. 213 (1856). teste^mt.
On dead log of Heteromeles arbutifolia. Pebble Beach Canyon, Feb. 10,
1921, Nuttall 1091.
4. H. atropurpureum Fr, Summ. Veg. Scancl. 384 (1849). teste Burt.
On dead log Rhamnus, Gallagher's Canyon, Dec. 11, 1920, Nuttall 1105.
5. H. sp. teste Fairman,
On Adenostoma fasciculatum, north hillside top of Willow Cove Can-
yon, Aug. 7, 1920, Nuttall 780.
Not in the Ellis Herbarium. Failing to recognize this Dr. Fairman sent
it to Mr. C. G. Lloyd who reports as follows : "It is none of our usual species,
and if named has been named from the tropics." "There have been large num-
bers of tropical Hypo.xylons accumulated unnamed in our museums, and we
expect on our next trip to Europe to hunt them up as far as possible."
3. XYLARIA Hill.
1 . X. hypoxylon (L.) Grev. Fl. Edin. 355 (1824). i^ste Burt.
Young conidial stroma on a dead stump, Pebble Beach Canyon, Dec. 26,
1920, Nuttall 994.
LICHENS*
Plant forms from insular regions are nearly always interesting,
and the Lichen Flora of the Santa Catalina Island proves to be no
exception to a somewhat elastic rule. The student of Lichen
specimens from the Island at once perceives that the material
represents normally developed and colored examples of the various
species. Microscopical study of the internal characters further
develops the fact that the outward influences governing physio-
logical developments have been entirely favorable.
It is well known that Lichen growth takes place only when
the tissues of the plant are in a moist condition, and it is equally
well understood that the individual development proceeds the more
favorably when an alternation of dry and moist conditions prevail.
The writer has no definite information regarding climatic
conditions in Santa Catalina Island. The evidence afforded by
the Lichens collected by Mr. Nuttall and others, and examined
with considerable detail, shows clearly that the elements of sun-
light and moisture essential for healthy growth are nearly ideal.
A comparison of the following list of species and forms with
what is known of the Lichens of California, Washington, Maine
and Florida shows that 84% of the Catalina species are found on
the mainland of California, 45% in the State of Washington, 44%
in Maine, and 21% in Florida, The zonal distribution is some-
what perplexing, and ranges from known Canadian forms on the
one hand, to upper Sonoran or even Austro-riparian on the other.
Family i. VERRUCARICEAE
I. VERRUCARIA Pers.
1. V. rupestris Schrad. Spicilg. Fl. Germ. 109 (1794).
On small stones on a shady bank, altitude 500 feet ; Nuttall 48^.
2. V. margacea papillosa (Ach.) Nyl. Lich. Scand. 272 (1861).
On rocks or earth ; probably collected by Dr. Hasse, but the
species is not credited to Santa Catalina in his Lichen Flora.
McClatchie lists it on the authority of Hasse.
*By G. K. Merrill.
358
o-
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 359
V. maura Wahl. in Ach, Method. Suppl. 19 (1803).
On beach rocks ; Trask, fide Hasse.
Family 2. DERMATOCARPACEAE
1. DERMATOCARPON (Eschw.) Th. Fr.
I. D. miniatum (L.) Fr. Syst. Orb. Veg. 259 (1825)
On rocks. Silver Canon; Nuttall 44Q and Gallagher's Canon.
1114.
Family 3. PYRENULACEAE
I. ARTHOPYRENIA Mass.
1. A. (Acrocordia) biiromis (Borr.) Miill. in Flora 66 -.306 (1883).
On Photinia ; Hassc.
2. A. (Acrocordia) sphaeroides (Wahl.) Zahl. Brvolog. 12:61
(1914).
Thallus effuse, smoothish, light gra}^ with a faint yellowish
dash ; apothecia dimidiate, dull black, hemispherical, at the base
thinly covered by the thallus. Spores 8, ellipsoid, bilocular,
14-16x6-8 /Ll.
The section Acrocordia of Arthopyrenia is marked by the
presence of linear asci, with the spores more or less serially
disposed.
On oaks ; Hasse.
3. A. punctiformis (Pers.) Arn. in Flora 68:160 (1885).
On Photinia; Hasse.
4. A. fallax (Nyl.) Arn. in Flora 68:159 (1885).
Vcrrucaria epidermidis fallax Nyl. Bot. Notis. 1852:178.
Not deserving of specific rank, for it is merely A punctiformis
with distinct paraphyses.
On various barks ; Hasse.
2. PORINA (Ach.) Miil).
I. P. plumbaria (Stiz.) Hasse, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17:1:.'
(1913)-
On Crossosoma californica; Nuttall 4§Q, and on Neostyphonia
iutegrifolia, ^^8.
360 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Family 4. MYCOPORACEAE
1. MYCOPORELLUM Mull.
I. M. Hassei Zahlbr. in Hasse Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17:13
(1913)
Type locality near Avalon, on Crossosoma californica, Hassc.
Type in herb. Zahlbruckner ; co-type in herb. Hasse, Harvard,
and herb. Field.
Family 5. CALICIACEAE
I. CALICIUM Pers.
1. C. parietinum Ach. Vet. Ak. Handl. 260 (1816).
On decorticated Sambucus glauca, Pebble Beach Canon ; on
Lyonothamnus, Gallagher's Canon ; and on Crossosoma, Big Wash
Canon ; Nnttall 321, 887, 888.
2. SPHINCTRINA Fries.
1. S. microcephala (Tul.) Nyl. in Mem. Soc. Cherb. 91. (1857).
On decorticated branches of Adenostoma fasciculata. Equestrian
Trail, Nttttall 77J.
Family 6. CYPHELIACEAE
I. CYPHELIUM Th. Fr.
1 . C. Bolanderi (Tuck.) Zahl. in Eng. & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam.
i.i*:84 (1907).
On rocks, common or mountain tops ; hhittall 47^.
Family 7. ARTHONIACEAE
I. ARTHONIA Ach.
1. A. gyalectoides, ]\Iiill. in Flora 69:128 (1886).
On Photinia, Hasse. So. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2:72 (1903).
2. A. impolita (Ehrh.) Borr. in Eng. Bot. Suppl. t. 2692, f. i
(1831).
On bark of Photinia. Hasse.
3. A. lecanactidia Zahl. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 13:155 (1892).
On Lycium californicum, Isthmus; Hassc.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 361
4. A. radiata Swartziana (Ach.) Willey, Syn. Arth. 44 (1890).
On various barks; Hassc.
5. A. radiata angustata Wain. Adjumenta Lich. Lapp. Fenni.
2:157 (1883).
Apothecia linear, simple or branching, the thallus limited by a
black hypothalline line, measurements and reactions as in the
species.
On caudcx of Coreopsis gigantea ; Hasse.
6. A. rhoidis Zahl. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 13:156 (1902).
Type on bark of Melosma laurina ; Hassc.
7. A. punctiformis Ach. Lich. Univ. 141 (1810)
On bark of Photinia; Hasse (as Verrncaria punctiformis) ; on
bark of Nicotiana glauca; Nuttall J7J.
8. A. stictella Stiz., Hasse, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herb. 17 :20 (191 3)
On Lonicera catalinense ; Hassc.
9. A. tetramera (Stiz.) Hasse, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herb. 17:19
(1913)-
On bark of Lonicera catalinense and on oaks ; Hassc.
10. A. polygramma Nyl. in Prod. FI. Nov. Gran. ed. 1:66 (1863).
On Populus trichocarpa ; Nuttall ^86, and on Neostyphonia
integrifolia ; Hassc.
11. A. gregaria (Weig.) Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. 291 (1855).
Thallus determinate, often developed under the bark, grayish
or reddish, thin, filmy, sometimes furfuraceous ; apothecia irreg-
ularly rounded or elongate, scattered or confluent, the disc plane,
depressed, somewhat whitish or cinnabar-reddish pruinose ; spores
obovate-clavate usually four-septate, the upper cell larger.
18-26x7-9 1^-
This species is not enumerated in the Lichen Flora of Dr.
Hasse, and is inserted here with some doubt.
On Quercus tomentella ; Trask, fide Hasse.
Arthonia pyrrhuliza Nyl., A dispersa Schrad.. and A. disperse
cytisii Mass. have been listed from Catalina by Dr. Hasse, but do
not appear in the Lichen Flora.
2. ARTHOTHELIUM Mass.
{. A. orbiliferum Almq. Mem. Arth. Scand. 41 (rSSo)
On Photinia ; Hassc.
362 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
2. A. sanguineum (Willey) Zahl. in Engl. & Prantl Natl. Pflanzel.
i.i*:9i (1907).
Arthonm sanguinea Willey Syn. Arth. 22 (1890).
On Oak bark, Ilasse.
.^. A. anastomosans (Ach.) Hasse, Contrib. LJ. S. Natl. Herb. 17 :28
(1913)-
Arthonia atiastomosans Ach.
On barks. McClatchie; Hasse.
4. A. subcystodes (Willey) comb. nov. '
Arthonia subcystodes Willey, Syn. Arth. 51 (1890).
Thallus thin, white; apothecia rounded, convex; spores 4-8.
oblong-ovoid muriform, the transver.se cells about 8, the longi-
tudinal in the center about 3, 22-27x7-11 ^.
On Photinia ; Hasse.
5. A. spectabile (Flot.) Mass. Rich. Lich. 54 (1852).
Thallus whitish, thin, effuse, unequal, subfarinaceous ; apoth-
ecia brownish-black, rather large, angularly roundish, often sur-
rounded by a spurious thalline margin, scattered or crowded and
subconfluent ; spores muriform, colorless, becoming brown,
30-36x15-17 fi.
On various barks ; Hasse.
Family 8. GRAPHIDACEAE
I. OPEGRAPHA Humb.
I. O. Chevallieri Leight Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 88:13:90 (1854).
On argillaceous rock; Hasse.
J. O. pulicaris (Hoffm.) Nyl. Hue Addenda Nov. Lich. Eur. 61 :247
(1878).
On Neostyphonia integri folia; Hasse.
3. O. rimalis Ach. Lich. Univ. 260 (1810).
On various barks ; Hasse.
4. O. vulgata Ach. Method. Lich. 20 (1803).
On bark, Trask; Hasse; on bark of Laurocerasus Lyoni, Swain's
Canyon, Nuttall 6^5, on bark of oak. Pebble Beach Canyon, NuttalJ
534-
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 363
5. O. Hassei Zahl. Ann. Mycologici 10 1363 (1912),
On rocks ; Hassc.
6. O. bctuUna(Sm.)Nyl. Hue Addend. Nov. Lich. Eur. 248. (1878).
On oak; Ha^se.
Family 9. CHIODECTONACEAE
I. CHIODECTON Ach.
). C. ochrolcucum Zahl. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club .27:646 (1900).
On Neostyphonia intergri folia; Trask 694.
2. C. sanguineum (Sw.) Wain. Etud. Lich. Brasil 2:143 (1890).
This species is reported by Dr. Hasse from Santa Catalina
Island, in one of his occasional papers, but it is not included in his
Lichen Flora. There seems to be no ready explanation for the
omission, except that the original specimens were mistakenly
placed.
2. SCLEROPHYTON Eschw.
1. S. califomicum (Tuck.) Hasse, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herb. 17 :27
(1913).
On Neostyphonia integri folia; Isthmus; Hasse.
Family 10. DIRINACEAE
I. DIRINA Fr.
1. D. Hassei Zahl. in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 27:644 (1900),
On bark of Photinia arbutifolia and Melosma laurina; Hasse.
2. D. rediunta (Stiz.) Zahl. Hasse Contrib. U- S. Natl. Herb. 17 .27
(1913)-
On Umbellularia californica; Hassc.
3. D catalinariae Hasse, Bryologist 14:102 (1911).
Thallus determinate, thick, areolate-rimrose, white, reaction
with KHO yellowish, with CA (Clo)2 pinkish-red; apothecia
1.5-2 mm. wide substipitate upon a short stout thalline elevation,
disk round or slightly angular, dark but covered by a dense white
pruina, proper margin thin, hidden by a turgid thalline one ; spores
rarely found fusiform with rounded ends, straight or slightly
curved, 24-30x55-8 fi hypothecium thick, dark brown.
Type on beach boulders near Avalon ; Hassc.
364 I'lixij Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Family 11. ROCCELLACEAE
I. DENDROGRAPHA Darbish.
1. D. leucophaea (Tuck.) Darbish. Ber. der Deutsch. Gesellsch.
16:13 (1898).
On -shrubs, Trask; on Neostyphonia integrifolia, Isthmus; Nuttall
91
2. D. leucophaea minor (Tuck.) Darbish Bcr. der Deutsch.
Gesellsch. 16:13 (1898).
On rocks exposed to ocean spray ; Hasse; McClatchie.
2. ROCCELLA Lam. & DC.
1. R. fuciformis (L.) Lam. & DC. Flora Franc. 2:335 (1805).
On rocks; Trask.
3. SCHIZOPELTE Th. Fr.
I. S. californica Th. Fr. in Flora 58:143 (1875).
On rocks ; Hassc.
Family 12. LECANACTIDACEAE
I. LECANACTIS Eschw.
1. L. salicina Zahl. Hasse in Bryologist 11:7 (1906).
On bark of Lyonothamnus floribundus, Isthmus; Nuttall 651.
2. L. californica Tuck. Syn. 2:115 (18^8).
On twigs ; Hasse; McClatchie; on twigs of Neostyphonia ovata,
Silver Canyon ; Nuttall 462.
3. L. dubia sp. nov.
Thallus thin, filmy, whitish-ashy, effuse, no hypothallus per-
ceptible, the algae normal to the genus ; apothecia small, a little
elevated, substipitate, black, the margin not verj^ evident except
in the lesser patellae, the disk commonly plano-convex, but now
and then slightly concave, the epithecium roughened ; spores 8-nae.
fusiform, four-locular, 24-30x7-8/*, the hypothecium black.
Some of the apothecia approach the graphidaceous type, and
in some aspects the plant approaches the Pyrenomycetous fungi.
The presence of algae, and definite Lichen spores, warrant the
present disposition.
On bark of Lyonothamnus floribundus. Isthmus ; Nuttall 648.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 365
2. SCHIZMATOMMA Fl. & Kb.
1. S. califomicum (Tuck.) Herre, Hasse Contrib. U. S. Natl.
Herb. 17:33 (1913)-
On Quercus, Pebble Beach Canon ; Nuttall 5JJ.
2. S. hypothallinum Zahl. Bull. Terr. Club. 27:645 (1900),
Type on rocks ; Trask 692; Hassc.
3. S. pluriloculare Zahl. Engl. & Prantl Nat. Pflanzen. i.i*:ii6
(1907).
Type on bark of Neostyphonia integrif olia ; Hassc.
Family 13. DIPLOSCHISTACEAE
I. DIPLOSCHISTES Norm.
1. D. scruposus (L.) Norm. Con Praem. Gen. in Nyt. Magazin
fur Naturvidensk 7 1232 (1853).
On rocks and earth, mountain tops ; Nuttall 4/f and 48^; Hasse.
2. D. gypsaceus (Ach.) Hasse. Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herb. 17:34
(1913)-
On sterile clay soil ; Trask.
Family 14. LECIDEACEAE
I. LECIDEA Ach.
1. L. fumosa (Hofifm.) Ach. Method. Lich. 41 (1803).
On granite rocks ; Hasse.
2. L. lapicida Ach. Method, Lich. 37 (1803).
On granite and crystalline rocks ; Trask; Hasse.
3. L. lapicida declinans Nyl. Lich. Scand. 226 (1861).
On calcareous rocks ; McClatchie. Appearing by name in the
earlier publications of Dr. Hasse, but no mention of it is made in the
Lichen Flora.
4. L. latypaea Ach. Method. Lich. Suppl. 10 (1803).
On calcareous rocks ; Hasse.
366 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
5. L. catalinaria Stiz. Ilasse. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 24:447 (1897).
On sandstone boulder; Hassc; on volcanic rock at Isthmus;
McClatchie,
'1. L. goniphila Schaer. Knum. i2y (1850).
On sandstone ; Hassc.
7. L. (Biatora) glebulosa (Sm.) Schaer. Enum. Lich. Europ. 100
(1850).
On crumbling sandstone and earth ; Hassc.
8. L. (Biatora) phaeophora Stiz. Hasse. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club.
24:448 (1897).
On calcareous rocks ; Avalon, Ha.'isc.
9. L. (Biatora) coarctata (Sm.) Nyl. Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. ser. :;.
1:358 (1858).
On earth and rocks ; Hasse.
Dr. Hasse at one time listed Lccidea miinita and L. sylvana Koerb.
both of the section Biatora, but the names do not appear in the Lichen
Flora.
10. L. (Psora) luridella (Tuck.) Hasse. Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herb.
17:46 (1913).
On earth ; Hassc; on clay ; McClatcJdc.
11. L. (Psora) scotopholis (Tuck.) Herre Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci.
12:80 (1910).
On cjuai"tzose rock ; Hassc.
2. CATILLARIA Mass.
1. C. Griffithii (Sm.) Merl.
On Quercus, Pebble Beach Canon; Nuttall 311; on bark; Hassc.
This is CatiUaria tricolor of Hasse.
2. C. lenticularis ecrustacea Hepp. ex Arnold iti Vlova. 41 :502
(1858).
On sand rock; Hasse.
3. BACIDIA DeNot
I. B, dementis Hasse, Bryologist 13:61 (1910).
On bark of Quercus, Mountain top; Nuttall 467.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 367
J. B. Nacgelii (Hepp.) Zahl. Engl. & Prantl. Nat. Pflanzen
I.I* -.135 (1907).
On oak; Hasse; McClatchie (as BiteHia).
3. B. endolcuca (Nyl.) Kickx. Fl. Crypt, Fland. 1:261 (1867).
Thallus composed of minute granules, these usually contiguous
and united into a roughened chinky or subleprose crust, ashy or
glaucous; apothecia rather small, sessile, flat or rarely concave,
margin more or less persistent, black or reddish-black; spores
acicular, the cells various in number. 30-50x3.4-5 fi., hypothecium
reddish-brown.
On Sambucus glauca : Hasse.
4. TONINIA Mass.
I. T. aromatica (Sm.) Mass.) Syn. Lich. 54 (1855).
On rocks; Hasse (as Lecidea aromatica) ; McClatchie.
5. RHIZOCARPON Ramond.
I. R. Bolanderi (Tuck.) Ilerre Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 12:10(1
(1910).
On rocks ; Hasse.
J. R. oidaleum (Tuck.) Merl.
On bark of shrubs ; Hasse; McClatchie; on Quercus dumosa and
Ceanothus megacarpus ; Nuttall 446, . 4^5; on Arctostaphylos, Gal-
lagher's Canyon ; Nuttall 86 t.
3. R. penichraeum (Tuck.) Merl.
This differs little from R. oidaleum except by possessing a
white thallus. In Tuckerman's view it is merely a variation of
that species.
On bark of Photinia; Hasse.
4. R. confervoides DC. Fl. Franc. 2:565 (1805).
Thallus verrucose-areolate, dark gray, brownish-gray, or som<'
shade of brown, the areoles discrete or approximate upon a con-
spicuous black hypothallus ; apothecia sessile upon the hypothallus,
moderate, the disk black, plane or convex with a more or less
persistent margin ; spores 6-8-nae., variable in size and color,
murifom.
This is the Buellia petraca of certain papers of Dr. Hasse.
On rocks ; Hasse.
368 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Family 15. CLADONIACEAE
I. CLADONIA Hill.
J. C. furcata racemosa (Hoffm.) Flk. Clad. Comm. 152 (1828).
On earth of hillside ; Nuttall 43^.
2. C. furcata corymbosa Nyl. Syn. Lich. 207 (i860).
On earth; Hassc.
This is merely a form of the above.
3. C. furcata pinnata Flk., Schleich. Cat. Absol. 47 (1821).
This is a state of C. furcata in which the podetia are more or
less clothed with leaflets.
On trunk of fallen oak, altitude 1,000 feet, Gallagher's Canyon-,
Nuttall 11320; Knopf 404.
4. C. pyxidata chlorophaea Flk. Clad. Comm. 70 (1828).
On earth of hillsides ; Hasse; Nuttall 420, 428 ; Knopf 414
without locality.
5. C. fimbriata simplex (Weis.) Flot. Linnaea 18 (1843).
On ground among mosses ; Hasse.
6. C. fimbriata fibula (Ach.) Nyl. ex Norll. Med. Soc. pr. F. et F.
Fenn. 12 (1876).
On earth; Hassc.
7. C. ochrochlora evoluta nov. forma.
Podetia greatly elongated, attaining to the length of two inches.
On a fallen trunk, Gallagher's Canj-on ; Nuttall 11 32.
8. C. verticillata HofTm. Deutsch. Fl. 2:122 (1796).
' Primary thallus of moderate sized leaflets, usually more or
less incised, olive-green or glaucous ; podetia corticated, glabrous,
elongate-turbinate, scyphiferous and repeatedly proliferous from
the center of the inferior cups, the margin dentate when sterile;
apothecia brown or reddish-brown and moderate in size.
On earth of hillsides ; Nuttall 42^.
Not previously reported from southern California.
Family 16. ACHAROSPORACEAE
I. BIATORELLA DeNot.
1. B. simplex (Dav.) Br. & Rostr. Bot. Tidssk. 3.241 (1863).
On rocks, altitude 1,000 feet, on ridge between Chicken
Johnny's and Rock Falls Canyon ; Nuttall 4jy.
Flora OF Sania Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 369
2.. ACAROSPORA Mass.
1. A. fuscata (^Schrad.) Arn. Lich. Jura 101.
On rocks ; Nuttall 489.
A. obpallens (Nyl.) Zahl. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 13:161 (1902).
On earth and crumbling sandstone ; Hassc.
3. A. Schleicheri (Ach.) Mass. Ricerche, 27, f. 43-46 (1852).
On earth ; Hassc.
4. A. xanthophana (Nyl.) Fink. Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 14:170
(1910).
On rocks; Trask ; flassc: llastiK'ood ; on rocks on mountain
tops ; \hittall 4/8.
Family 17. HEPPIACEAE
I. HEPPIA Naeg.
1. H. Guepini (^Del.) Nyl. apud Stiz. Lich. Helvet. in Jahresb.
St. Gallisch. Ges. 336 (1882).
On rocks, Silver Canon ; Nuttall 450.
2. H. leptopholis Nyl., Hasse. Lich. So. Calif, lo (1898).
On earth ; Hassc.
Family 18. PERTUSARIACEAE
1 . PERTUSARIA Lam. & DC.
1. P. flavicunda Tuck. Obs. Lich. 4, in Proc. Am. Acad. 7:176
(1877)-
On rocks ; Trask.
2. P. Wulfenii DC. Fl. Franc. 2 :32G (1805).
On bark ; Trask.
3. P. multipuncta (Turn.) Nyl. Not. Sallsk. Fl. Faun, Fenn. 5:179
(1861).
Thallus thinnish, granulate or unequally rugose, rimose,
whitish or grayish-white ; apothecia in enlarged verrucae, usually
numerous in each, from pale to blackish, bluish-pruinrose or at
length naked, the verrucae more or less white-sorediate ; spores
oblong or ellipsoid-oblong 100-145x30-70 /ut.
On Quercus dumosa ; Nuttall 444.
Not previously reported from California.
370 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany. Vol. V.
Family 19. LECANORACEAE
I LECANORA Ach.
1. L. pallida (Schreb.) Schaer. Enum. Lich. Eur. 78 (1850).
Apparently a common form on Catalina, on shrubs and trees ;
Hasse (often reported as Lecanora albella) ; on Quercus dumosa, Sam-
bucus glauca, Adenostoma fasciculata, Lyonothamnus floribundus and
Rhamnus insulus, Nuttall 445, 4450^ 55.'. 6^0, y6S, 842.
2. L. cancriformis (Hoffm.) comb. nov.
Reckoned by Tuckermau in liis Synopsis as a variation of /..
pallida this plant in its best development is clearly distinct. The
thallus has much the same coloration as that of L. pallida, but the
apothecia are larger, often very much so, with a thickened thalline
margin. The disk is pink or pinkish, and somewhat pruinose, and the
margin is occasionally proliferous toward the center of the disk.
On Photinia arbutifolia, mountain top; Nuttall 468; Hassc.
3. L. atra (Huds.) Ach. Lich. Univ. 344 (1810).
On rocks ; Hasse; McClatckie; Nuttall 4^5 and 4S0.
4. L. sordida (Pers.) Th. Fr. Nov. Act. Soc. Sci. Ups. 3:21s
(1861).
On rocks; Eastwood; Nuttall 475a.
5. L, subfusca (Nyl.) Ach. Lich. Univ. 393 (1810).
On trunks of trees; Baker; Trask, fide Hasse.
6. L. rugosa (Pers.) Nyl. note 2, Flora 250 (1872).
Not reported in Hasse's Lichen Flora.
On barks ; Trask, fide Hasse.
7. L. symmicta (Ach.) Nyl. Flora 249 (1872).
On bark; McClatckie; Hassc.
8. L. pacifica Tuck. Syn. No, Am. Lichens i :iqi (1882).
On Sambucus glauca and Photinia arbutifolia; Nuttall 464, 46^.
9. L. cinerca (L.) Somerf, Suppl. Fl. Lapp. 99 (1826).
On rocks, mountain top; Eastzvood, fide Hasse; Nuttall 484.
10. L. laevata (Ach.) Nyl. Flora 364 (1872).
On rocks ; Hasse.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 371
M. L. (Placodiiim) saxicola (Poll.) Ach. Lich. Univ. 431 (1810).
On rocks ; Hasse (as Lecanora mnralis) ; mountain top, Nuttall
482.
Lecanc/ra catalinac Stiz. and L. subcarnea Ach. are listed from
Catalina Island in one of the earlier publications of Dr. Hasse, but
do not ap|>ear in the Flora.
2. OCHROLECHIA Mass.
1. O. pallesccns (L.) Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. 149 (,1855).
On bark ; Trask, fide Hasse.
3. LECANIA Mas.^.
1. L, brunonis (Tuck.) Herre. Proc. Wash. .\cad. Sci. i2:(88
(1910).
On rocks ; Hasse.
2. L. dimera (Nyl.) Oliv. Lich. I'Ouest et Nord-Oue.st Franc.
1:309 (1897).
On barks ; Trask, fide Hasse.
^ L. fructigcna Zahl. Hasse in Bryologist 17 :6i (1914).
Thallus crustaceous, of dark gray to blackish, small, more or
less dispersed warts, or of flat-concave or rugose squamules with
coarsely crenate or lobulate borders, somewhat shining; apothecia
sessile or slightly elevated, disk flat or slightly convex, brownish-
black or black, the proper margin concolorous and at length disap-
pearing. Spores 8, oblong, bilocular, 12-17x5.5-6 ft.
On rocks ; Hasse.
4. PLACOLECANIA (Stein.) Zahl.
I. P. candicans (Fr.) Zahl. in Engl, & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfm.
i.i*:205 (1907)-
On calcareous rocks ; Hasse.
5. PHLYCTIS W allr.
I. P. argena mucronata nov. forma.
Distinguished from the species by its mucronate spores.
Apiculate spores are characteristic of P. agelaea but denied to the
present species.
On bark; Hasse (as Phlyctis argena).
37-2 FiKLD Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Family 20. PARMELIACEAE
I. PARMELIA Ach.
1. P. vittata (Ach.) Nyl. Flora 106 (1875).
On Manzanita; E. A. McGregor in herb. Merrill.
Previously unreported from the Island.
2. P. enteromorpha (Ach.) Nyl. Syn. Lich. 1:401 (i860).
On Rhamnus insulus ; Nolava Canyon; Nuttall ^14; and on
Ceanothus, 45s; Trask, fide Hass'e.
3. P. conspersa (Ehr.) Ach. Method. Lich. 105 (1803).
On rocks, mosses and earth ; Nuttall 481, 4^4.
4. P. perlata (L.) Ach. Method Lich. 216 (1803).
On trees; Knopf p6 Banning's Canyon; on earth Trask. fide
Hasse.
5. P. olivaria (Ach.) Hue Lich. Ex. Europ. suite 1:195 (1901).
On trunks; Trask fide Hasse (as Parmelia olivetorum).
6. P. perforata hypotropa (Nyl.) Tuck. Syn. No. Am. Lich. i :53
(1882).
Previously unreported from California, but Dr. Herre records
P. perforata from the vicinity of San Francisco.
The var. hypotropa differs from the species only in that the
inferior surface of the lobes are wholly or partially dealbate
marginally.
On Quercus dumosa; Nuttall 431.
7. P. laevigata (Sm.) Ach. Syn. Lich. 212 (181 4).
On Quercus dimiosa ; Trask, fide Hasse.
There is some doubt regarding the occurrence of this species
on Catalina Island, as it is not recorded in the Lichen Flora of
Hasse.
8. P. caperata (L.) Ach. Method. Lich. 216 (1803).
(Jn oak. Lyonothamnus grove below the base of Black Jack and
in Bulrush Canyon, Knopf ^02, 406.
Described by Dr. Hasse in the Lichen Flora as P. rylisphora.
2. CETRARIA Ach.
I. C. californica Tuck. Am. Jour. Sci. 28:203 (1859).
On Rhamnus ; Nolava Canyon, Nuttall 5/j, and on Ceanothus
mega carpus, 454.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall y;^)
Family 21. USNEACEAE
I. RAMALINA Ach.
1. R. ccruchis (Ach.) DeNot. Giorn. Bot, Ital. 1:45 (1859).
On Quercus dumosa; Mountain top; Nuttall 4S9; on large
boulders of a high ridge between Bulrush Canyon and the Pacific,
Knopf J7<5, jj?; Trask (fide Hasse, as Roccella ceruchis).
2. R. ceruchis combeoides (Nyl.) Tuck. Syn. No. Am. Lich. 1:21
(1882).
On Neostyphonia ovata, .sea cliffs at mouth of Silver Canyon ;
Nuttall 441 ; Trask {fide Hasse, as Roccella combeoides) .
3. R. homalea Ach. Lich. Univ. 598 (1810).
On sea cliffs, and stones in bed of creek; Silver Canyon, Nuttail
447 \ Jewfish Point ; Knopf 33Sa; on rocks exposed to the spray of sea
water, Hasse; McClatchie {fide Hasse).
4. R. Menziesii Tuck. I^roc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci. i :204 (1847).
On shrubs ; Hasse.
5. R, reticulata (Noehd.) Kremp. Ge.schicht u. Litt d. Lich. 1:8^)
(1867).
On Quercus; highlands beyond summit; Nuttall 465; plants
3 feet long depending from scrub oak on the summit of "Nigger
Head" at Catalina Harbor, Knopf lyi; the longest specimens were
found on live oak on the divide at the head of Banning's Canyon,
Knopf 74.
6. R. farinacea (L) Ach. Lich. Univ. 606 (1810).
On various trees and shrubs ; Nuttall 438, 86^, 860, 440; Trask,
fide Hasse.
7. R. farinacea latus Merl. Bryologist, 11:48 (1908).
On telephone ix)les; E. A. McGregor in herb. Merrill.
Distinguished from the species by its wider lobes.
8. R pollinaria (Westr.) Ach. Lich. Univ. 608 (1810).
On Cercocarpus betulifolius ; Gallagher's Canyon. Nuttall 866.
This species is rarely found in North America.
9. R. intermedia Del. ex Nyl. Bull. Soc. Linn. Norm. ser. 2. 4:i6<')
(1870).
On shrubs ; Hasse.
This species is listed in one of the occasional papers of Dr. Masse.
but is not mentioned in the Lichen Flora.
374 Field Museuji of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Dr. Hasse also reports Ratualina fraxinea (L.) Ach., but the
plant is very rare in North America and, without doubt, the infertile
specimen he describes belongs to some other species.
-. USNEA (Dill.) Pers.
1. U. hirta (L.) Hofifm. Deutsch. Fl. 2:133 U795).
On trees ; Hasse.
2. U. ceratina Ach. Lich. Univ. 610 (1810).
On trees ; Hasse,
3. U. dasypoga (Ach.) Nyl. ex Stiz. St. Gall. Nat. Ges. 202 (1876).
On trees ; Trask, fide Hasse.
4. U. dasypoga scabrata Nyl. Flora 209 (1885),
(3n shrubs ; Trask, fide liasse.
5. U. rubiginea (Michx.) Herre. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 13.223
(1910).
On trees ; Trask, fide Hasse.
No examples of the Genus Usnca were found in the material
collected by Nuttall or Kopf, a fact worthy of note when it is
considered that the plants are all conspicuous.
3. EVERNIA Ach.
1. E. prunastri (L.) Ach. Lich. Univ. 442 (1810).
On trees ; Trask, fide Hasse.
Family 22. CALOPLACACEAE
I. BLASTENIA Mass.
r. B. ferruginca (Huds.) Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. 184 (1855),
On Quercus, Photinia, and Laurocerasus ; Nuttall 44J, ^5/, 4^0,
f^iS ; also reported by Hasse on bark and rocks.
2. B. ferruginea Wrightii (Tuck.) Hasse Contrib. U. S. Natl.
Herb. 17:111 (1913).
On bark ; Hasse.
2. CALOPLACA Th. Fr.
I. C. aurantiaca (Lightf.) Th. Fr. Lich. Arctoi, Fur. 219 (i860).
On various barks : Hasse.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 375
2. C. cerina (Ehrh.) Th. Fr. Lich. Arctoi, 218 (i860).
On Sambucus glaitca; Nuttall 461; Hasse (as Caloplaca (jilva).
3. C. bolacina (Tuck.) Herre Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 12 -.233
(1910).
On rocks and earth ; Mountain top, Nuttall 48S.
4. C. coralloides (Tuck.) Zahl. Ann. K. K. Nat. Hofmus. 22:116
(1807).
On sandstone ; Trask, fide Hasse.
5. C. elegans (Link) Th. Fr. Lich. Scand. 1:168 (1871).
On rocks ; Hasse (as Placodiitm elegans) ; McClatchic.
6. C. murorum (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. Lich. Scand. 1:170 (1871)
On rocks ; Trask, fide Hasse ; Hasse.
7. C. murorum miniatum fHoffm.) Th. Fr. Lich. Scand. i :i70
(1871).
Differs from the species only in the intensity of its coloration.
On rocks ; coinmon, Nuttall 486, 487.
Family 23. THELOSCHISTACEAE
I. XANTHORIA Th. Fr.
1. X. lychnea (Ach.) Th. Fr. Lich. .Scand. 1:146 (1871).
On Salix lasiolepis ; Nuttall 6iy ; and on Photinia ; Stage Road
near Summit ; Knopf ^01.
2. X. polycarpa (Ehrh.) Oliv.
On Quercus dumosa ; Nuttall 442, and on Laurocerasus, 452.
Xanthoria parletina is also listed by Dr. Hasse in one of his
earlier papers, but does not appear in the Lichen Flora.
2. THELOSCHISTES Norm
1. T. chrysophthalmus (L.) Th. Fr. Gen. Heterol. Eur. 51 (1861).
On Salix lasiolepis ; Nolava Canyon, Nuttall 6i7. Also reported
by Hasse.
2. T. flavicans (Sw.) Norm. Gen. Lich. 17 (1852).
On Quercus; Mountain top. Nuttall ^48: and Middle Ranch
Canon Summit, Knopf ^00.
376 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Family 24. BUELLIACEAE
I. BUELLIA DeNot.
]. B. alboatra (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. Lich. Scand. 2:607 (1874).
On rocks ; Ha.ssi\
■2. B. alboatra ambigua (Ach.) Lich. Scand. 2:608 (1874).
C>n rocks ; Hasse; McClatchie.
3. B. lepidastra Tuck. Gen. Lich. 186 (1872).
On rocks ; Mountain top, Nuttall 4^0; Trask, fide Hasse.
4. B. badia (Fr.) Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. 226 (1855).
On rocks ; Ilasse; McClatchie.
5. B. stellulata (Tayl.) Mudd. Man. Brit. Lich. 216 (1861).
On rocks ; Hasse; McClatchie.
6. B, disciformis (Fr.) Mudd. Man. Brit. Lich. 216 (1861).
On bark; Hasse (B. Parasema of the Lichen Flora).
7. B. disciformis triphragmia (Nyl) Boist. Nouv. Fl. Lich. Franc.
2:234 (1902}.
On bark; Hasse (B. triphragmia of the Lichen Flora).
8. B. halonia (Ach.) Tuck. Lich. Calif. 26 (i866).
On Cercocarpus and on rocks ; Hasse.
9. B. spuria (Schaer.) Koerb. Parerga Lich. 183 (1865).
On rocks ; Hasse.
Buellia atroalhella Nyl. and B. Traskae Hasse are listed from
Catalina Island in early publications of Dr. Hasse. but omitted from
the Lichen Flora. The reason is not obvious.
2. RINODINA (Mass.) Stiz.
1. R. radiata Tuck. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci. New ser.
4:173 (^^77)-
On rocks; Mountain top; Nuttall 479; Trask, fide Hasse.
2. R, radiata lactea Hasse. Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17:124
(1913)-
On calcareous and argillaceous rocks ; Hasse.
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 377
3. R. angelica Stiz. Hasse, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 24:447 (1897).
On rocks; Hasse; McClatchie.
4. R. turfacea (Wahl.) Th. Fr. Lich. Arctoi 126 (i860).
On decaying roots ; Hassc.
5. R. Conradi Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. 198 (1855).
On earth ; Hasse; McClatchie.
6. R. sophodes (Ach.) Th. Fr. Lich. Arctoi 125 (i860).
On Lyonothaninus floribundus ; Nuttall 64Q; on caudex of
Cotyledon Hasse.
Family 25. PHYSCIACEAE
I. PHYSCIA (Schreb.) Wain.
1. P. stellaris (L.) Nyl. Syn. Lich. 1:424 (i860).
On bark; Trask, fide Hasse.
2. P. aipolia (Ach.) Nyl. Flora 53:38 (1870).
On rocks ; Trask, fide Hasse.
3. P. tenella (Scop.) Nyl. Flora 57:306 (1874).
On Quercus dumosa and Adenostoma fasciculata ; Nuttall 4S^,
433:> 7^9' the latter number belonging with that form of the species
called by different authors, P. ascendens or P. tenella ascendens. In
this condition of the plant the laciniae are not appressed. but more or
less erect and discrete.
4. P. crispa (Pers.) Nyl. Syn. Lich. 425 (i860).
On mosses, .Silver Canon ; Nuttall 4S5-
5. P. caesia (Hoffm.) Nyl. Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. 21:308 (1856).
Thallus stellate, cinerous, more or less closely adherent to the
substratum, bearing conspicuous rounded gray soredia, the laciniae
more or less pinnately cleft, beneath pale or nigrescent, with black
or blackening rhizoids; apothecia smallish, the soon naked and
black disk bordered by a thin, inflexed, sub-entire thalline margin :
spores 16-23x8-14 /I.
On rocks; Hasse, in Bryologist. 18:94 (1915).
2. ANAPTYCHIA Koerb.
I. A. leucomelaena (L.) Wain. Etud. Lich. Bresil. 1:128 (1890).
On twigs; Trask, fide Hasse (as Physcia leucomela) .
HOST INDEX TO FUNGI
AdKNOSTOMA KASCICULATUM H. & A.
Eutypella domicalis
Exidia recisa (on bark)
HyPoxyloti insigne
Ilysterogropkium prominens
Schisoxylon insigne
Stereum heterospormn (cm bark)
Stereum hirsutum (on bark)
ACARICUS SP.
Sepedomum chrysospervnmi (on dead)
Artemisia californica L^ss.
Didyniosphaeria catalinae (on dead stems)
Artemisia heterophylla Nutt.
Phomopsis oblita (on dead stems)
Atriplex semibaccata R. Br.
Coniothyrium olivacenm (on old stems)
AVENA BARB ATA Brot.
Puccinia clematidis (on culms; leaves)
Sphaerographium avenaceum (on dead leaves)
Bkomus Gussoni Pari.
Ustilago Loreiitsiana
Ceanothus arboreus Greene
Cercospora Ceanothi (fallen leaves)
Cercocafpus sp.
Fames Abramsiamts (trunk)
Cehcocarpus betuloides Nutt.
Glonium parvulum
Hypoxylon rubiginosum
Hysterographium Mori (bark; wood)
CHLOROGALLUM POMERIDIANUM Kth.
Mycosphaerella Chlofogalli (dead stems)
Pleospora ChlorogalH (dead stems)
378
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 379
CiRSIUM OCCIDENTALE JepS.
Pleospora hrrborum (dead stems)
Clematis ucusticifolia Nutt.
Ccrcospora squalidula (leaves)
C'oMAi«osTAPH\T.os Di\-ERsiFOLiA Grecne
Phcenangium sphaeroides
Cbkssa truxillensis H. B. K.
Puccinia Cressae (leaves)
Cbossosoma californica Nutt.
Eutypa lata (dead wood and bark)
Petiiophora velutina (stems)
Stereum heterosporuni (bark)
DiPLACUS linearis Greene
Amphispliaeria doihideaspora (dead stems)
DrSTICHLIS MARITIMA Raf.
Phyllachora Nutiallianc (leaves)
FjvrCELIA CALIFORNICA Nutt.
Cyphelia villosa (dead twigs)
Mer alius confluens (dead twigs)
Stereum heterosporum (dead twigs)
Rrioconum nudum Dougl.
Uromyces intricatus (leaves)
Eriophyllum Nevinii Gray
Puccinia EriophylU
Eucalyptus (cult.)
Coniothyrium leprosum (fruits)
Corticium calliculosum (wood)
Dacryomyces deliquescens (log)
Metasphceria anisometra (twigs)
Pkysalospora eucalyptina (leaves)
Pleurotus ostreatus (dead leaves)
Polystictus hirsutus (log)
Reticularia Lycoperdon (log)
Stereum heterosporum (dead wood)
Volsa Eucalypti (dead bark)
Kutypella stellulata Sacc.
Nectria episphaeria
380 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
FoENicuLUM vuLGARE Gaertn.
Cladosporium herbarum (stems)
Pleospora herbarum
Galium angustifolium Nutt.
Metasphaeria anisometra (stems)
Sphaeropsis nebelina (stems)
Gnaphalium sp.
Leptosphaeria Galiorum gnaphaliana (dead stems)
Hazardia squarkosa Greene
Puccinia Grindeliae (leaves^
Heteromeles arbutifolia see Photinia
HoLODiscus ARiAEFOLius see Scricotheca
ISOMERIS ARBOREA Nutt.
Cladospormm herbarum (capsules)
Clasterosporium carpophiltim (capsules )
JUNCUS BALTICUS Willd.
Uromyces Junci.
Laurocerasus Lyoni Brittoii
Cladosporium herbarum
Discosia poiklomera (dead leaves)
Eurotium sp.
Phyllosticta Laurocerasi (dead leaves; shoots)
Pleurotus salignus (living trunk)
Propolis faginea
Schizoxylon insigne
Stereum heterosporum (bark)
IwONICERA CATALINENSIS Millsp.
Hypoxylon botrys
Mycosphaerella Clymenia (leaves)
Teichosporella lonicerina (dead stems)
LupiNUS Hallii Abrams
Cladosporium herbarum forma
Pleospora infectoria (twigs)
LVONOTHAMNUS FLORIBUNDUS Gray
Agyrium rufum (dead limbs)
Hymenochaete tabacina (wood)
Hysterographium Mori (wood)
Hysterographium prominens (wood) /
Flora OF Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 381
Porta incrustans (bark)
Sabacina podlachia (wood)
Stereum gansapatum (bark)
Stereum hirsutum (wood)
Strikeria Catalinae (wood)
Malacothrix saxatilis T. & G.
Dichaeoma Nemoseridis (stems)
Malosma laurina Nutt.
Hysterographium prominens (dead twigs)
Metasphaeria anisometra (twigs)
Phacnangium sphaeroides (bleached wood)
Poria vapararia (on dead)
Xylogramma nigerrima
Malva parviflora Linn.
Puccinia malvacearum
Malvastrum fasciculatum Greene
Metasphaeria anisometra (twigs)
Puccinia Sherardiana (leaves)
Marrubium vulgare Linn.
Coniothyrium Marrubii (twigs)
Medicago sativa Linn.
Uromyces medicaginis (leaves)
Megarrhiza fabacea see Micrampelis
Melilotus sp.
Pleospora Meliloti (dead stems)
Micrampelis macrocarpa Greene
Photna megarrhisae
Septoria megarrhisae (leaves)
MiMULus cardinalis Dougl.
Microdiplodia Mimuli (leaves)
Nemoseris californica see Rafinesquea
Neostyphonia integrifolia Shaf.
Phyllosticta rhoiseda (fallen leaves)
Nicotiana glauca Grab.
Botryosphaeria sp. (bark)
Glonium vestigiale (twigs)
Metasphaeria anisometra (twigs)
382 {-"lELD Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V
Peronospora Hyoscyami (leaves)
Phomopsis Nicotianae (bark)
Physalospora erratica (branches)
Stereum ochraceo-fiavttm (bark)
Pentstemon cordifolius Bth.
Acerhia bacillata (dead stems)
Photinia (Heteromeles) arbutifolia Lindl.
Copnodium Heteromeles (leaves)
CarticiuMi arachnoideum (dead leaves and twigs;
Dasycypha cerina (wood)
Diplodia heteromelina (dead twigs)
Discosia poiklomera (dead leaves)
Embolus ochreatus (wood)
Eutypella ceranata (dead wood)
Gloniopsis insigitis (dead wood)
Glonium parmtlum (dead wood)
Grandinia sp. (bark)
Heliotella mkrospora (rotting bark)
Hypoxylon anmilatum (dead log)
HypoxyloH rubiginosum
Hysterographium Bakeri (dead log)
Hysterographium prominens (dead tree)
Odontia viridis (fallen trunk)
Peniophora Allesheri (wood)
Phyllosticta heteromeles (dead leaves)
Physalospora heteromelina (leaves)
Pleurotits septicus (loose bark)
Poria rhodella (decorticated trunk)
Resupinatus applicatus (loose bark)
Septoria rhabdocarpa (dead leaves)
Stereum hirsustum (dead wood)
Sticta radiata (dead bark)
Tremella wesenterica (dead branches)
PiNUS (cult.)
Microdiplodia conigena (cones)
Pluchea camphorata DC.
Drdymosphaeria brHtmeola (stems)
Polygonum aviculare Linn.
Uromyces Polygoni
POPULUS TRICHOCARPA T. & G.
Cytospora chrysosperma (dead twigs)
Eutypella PopuH
Phyllosticta macnians (dead leaves)
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 383
Ptiloria virgata see Stephanomeria
QUERCUS SPS.
Anthostonta dryophilnm (bark) I
Armillaria putrida
Exidia glandulosa (bark)
Hypholotna fasciculare (dead limbs)
Merulius confluens
Meruluis pilosus
Numtnularia Clypeus
Physarum nutans (bark)
Polystictus hirsutus
Polysticius versicolor
Solenia cinerea (bark)
Stereum hirsutum (bark)
QUERCUS DUMOSA Nutt.
Arcyria nutans (dead)
Cronartrnm Cerebrum (old leaves)
Stereum hirsutmii
QuERCUs Macdonaldii Greene
DothiorcUa Gallae (on galls)
QuERCUs TOMENTELLA Engelm.
ClaTxiria flaccida (fallen limb)
Comatricka nigra ?
Hydnum ochraceum (fallen trunk; bark)
Merulius pilosus
Nematelia nucleata (dead)
Rosellinia aquila (wood)
Stemonitis pallida
Tremella lutescens
Rafinesquea californica Nutt.
Mycosphaerella Nemoseridis (branchlets)
Pleospora herbarum (dead)
Ramona polystachya Greene
Sept aria rhabdocarpa (dead leaves)
Ramona stachyoides Briq.
Camarosporium eriocryptum (dead stems)
Didymella Ramonae (twigs)
Microdiplodia Ramonae (twigs)
Myrangium catalinac (stems)
Pleospora Labiatorum (twigs)
384 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Rhamnus insularis Greene
Hymenochaete rubiginosa
Hypoxylon airopurpureum (dead log)
Hypoxylon rubiginosum
Phaenangium sphaeroides (bleached wood)
Rhus diversilobum see Toxicodendron
Rhus integrikolia see Neostyphonia
Rhus laurina see Malosma
Rosa calikornica C. & S.
Puccinia Rosae-californicae
RUBUS VITIFOLIUS C. & S.
Kuehneola uredinis (leaves)
Septoria Rubi (leaves)
Salix sp.
Poria vaporaria (on dead)
Salix lasiolepis Bth.
Croterium leucocephalum Bth.
Cytospera fugax (dead twigs)
Pomes igniarius
Guepinia Pezisa (dead wood)
Polystictus versicolor
Septoria rhabdocarpa (dead leaves)
Trichia fallax (dead leaves and twigs)
Sambucus glauca Nutt.
Armillaria putrida
Corticium serum
Eutypella stellulata (bark; limbs)
Pomes igniarius
Hydnum ohioense (bark)
Hymenochaete rubiginosa (dead limbs)
Hypomyces rosellus (bark; wood)
Lecanidion atratum
Lophiosphaeria querceti (dead branches)
Nematelia nucleata (bark)
Odontic sp. (bark)
Orbilia chrysocoma (rotten wood)
Peroneutypa heteracantha (limbs)
Poria rhodella (decorticated)
Rosellinia aquila (wood)
Sebacina calcea (bark)
Trichodertna lignorum (dead leaves)
BYoRA OF Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 385
Sericotheca (Spiraea) fransiscana Rydb.
Metasphaeria anisometra (dead twigs)
Schisoxylon insigne
Valsa holodiscina (dead twigs)
SoLANUM Wallacei Parish
Metasphaeria anisometra (dead stems)
Phlyctaena arcuata (dead stems)
Phoma eupyrena (dead stems)
Stephanomeria virgata Bth.
Pleospora herbarum (dead stems)
Syrmatium ornithopum Greene
Uromyccs Loti (leaves; bracts)
Tithymalus leptocerus Millsp.
Melampsora monticola (leaves; pedicels)
Toxicodendron diversilobum Greene
Pileolaria Toxicodendri
Typha latifoua Linn.
Cladosporium herbarum
) Phoma typhicola
Pleospora infectoria
Urtica holosericea Nutt.
Didymella superflua (stems)
Phoma nebulosa (stems)
Verbena prostrata R. Br.
Pleospora herbarum (stems)
Septoria Verbenae (leaves)
SUPPLEMENT
Since the foregoing pages were in tjijc the following notes and specimens
from Catalina have liecn incorporated in the herliariuin of this Museum.
Page 75
Anemopsis calif ornica H. & A.
Knopf corroborates Brandegees listing of this species by re-collecting it
near one of the springs at Empire Quarry where : "it grows up to 3 feet high
in matted lieds. in sandy silt soil." His specimens (No. 510, Aug. 27, 1922)
are in fine flowering and fruiting condition.
Page 77
Quercus dMinosa f. insularis T release.
Fine specimens from between Middle Ranch and Eagle's Nest, Knopf
508. This tree was in full bloom Sept. 10. 1922; it also bore immature and
full ripe acorns.
Page 91
Atriplex Breweri Wats.
Eastern end of Johnson's Beach, Knopf SiS. "On a sandy tide flat. A
bushy growth about two feet high."
Page 105
Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.
Specimens in fine floral condition from Middle Ranch Canyon, Aug. 15,
192-2, Knopf 50$. "Some of the flowers light lavender. Climbing over bush-
es and trees with runners 15 to 20 feet long."
Page 112 Resedaceae.
DIPETALIA Rat.
Sepals 4. Petals 2, small, membranaceous, linear-oblong, entire or emargi-
nate, posterior or next the axis. (Disk scarcely any.) Stamens 3, alternate
with the petals. Capsule depressed-globose, somewhat 8-lobed below, opening
by a quadrangular cleft at the summit ; stigmas 4. Seeds 20 or more, very
smooth and shining. A small glabrous annual, with crowded slightly succulent
and narrowly linear leaves. Flowers in short and slender spikes.
I. D. subulata (W. & B.) Ktze. Rev. Gen. et Sp. 1:39 (1891)
Reseda subulata Del. Fl. Aegypt. 15 (1813)
Rescdclla subulata Web. & Bert. Phyt. Canar. 1:107 (1840)
Oligomeris siibulata Boiss. Fl. Or. 1:435 (1867)
Oligomeris glancescens Comb., Jacqt. Voy. Bot. 24 (1841)
Elliniia ruderalis Nutt., T. & G. Fl. i :i25 (1838)
Root slender, simple. Stem branched from the base, 5-6 inches high. Leaves
resembling those of Linaria vulgaris, but smaller. Flowers subtended by a
386
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspauch & Nuttall 387
bract similar to the sepals, very small. Sepals all inclined anteriorlj. Petals
white, one of them usually emarginate. Ovary rather deeply 4-lobed below;
each lobe (or carpel) more or less 2-lobed. Seeds at first bright green, at
length black, narrowly reniform.
Hard loam and adobe soils. April to May. Hillsides and flats on the
Pacific slope of the Salta Verde, Knopf 340, 418.
Page 134
Photinia arbutifolia Lindl.
Specimens in fine flower. July 16-20. fr<jin Descanso Canyon and Pebble
Beach, Knopf 497, 500.
Page 140
Cytissus canariensis (L.) Greene.
As suggested on p. 140, this is evidently an establishment of the sijecies,
as this specimen was taken from a slope of Big Wash Canyon beyond the lira-
its of the Golf Course, a situation far removed from the possibility of its
having been planted. Knopf 486, Aug. i, 1922.
Specimens in profuse fruit and apparently vital seed. The pods are 2 cut.
long, oval-cylindric, reddish-brown, appearing constricted through the swollen
seed cells, long, silky-woolly on the surface and apiculate; seeds dark red-
brown, polished, lenticulo-oval, somewhat truncated at the base and with a
pure-white, waxy caruncle at the hikim.
Page 165
Toxicodendron diversilobuxn Greene.
Knopf sends in specimens of this species, 4S3, on which the leaves are
all compounded of 5 distinct leaflets. Mr. Pollay claims (m litt.) to be the
first to return this form from Catalina, specimens of which he sent to Brand-
egee.
l*age 166
Neostyphonia integrifolia (Nutt.) Shaf.
Mr. Knopf sends a quartette of interesting specimens, of this species,
showing variations in form : his 488 with thin irregularly crenate-dentate leaves ;
490 in large berried, ripe fruit and with very thick, entire leaves ; 48/ with
iliciform, sharp, spinous teeth to all leaves; and 489 in which most of the
leaves are tri-foliolate, those that are entire being somewhat spinose toothed.
Page 167
Malosma laurina Nutt.
In fine flowering condition. Descanso Canyon, July 16, 1922, Knopf 502.
"Usually single trunked, irregular in growth but not exactly crooked. Some-
times in clumps or from two to six main stems. Seldom over ten feet high."
388 FiKLu Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Page 168
Rhamnus insulus Greene.
Pebble Beach Canyon, in full fruit, Sept. 17, 1922, Knopf 514. Mr. Knopf
says : "The fruit was a favorite masticatory among the Indians. It tinged the
saliva yellow and caused the skin to become, at death, decidedly so. It was
used, like Cascara. as a laxative and to correct a too prolonged acorn diet."
I 'age 189
Svida catalinensis Millsp.
Specimens in fruit have come in from Knopf (483) July 9, 1922. The
fruits are leaden color, hairy, pyriform-ovate, 3x2.5 mm., but not fully ma-
tured. It appears that mature fruits are seldom found as they are removed
by birds even before fully ripe. Mr. Pollay first returned this species from
Catalina, sending specimens to McClatcliie in 1890. Holder, in his "Channel
Islands of California" 238 (1910) refers to the species as Cornus Polleyi with-
out description. Mr. Roeding, of Fresno, California, mentions the tree under
the name Cornus glabrata in "The Catalina Islander" Nov. i, 1922.
Page 196 Gentianaceae
Eustoma silenifolium Salisb.
Mr. James M. Grant lists this species in "The Catalina Islander," Dec. 9,
1919. No specimen from Catalina has been seen by us in his herbarium nor
has it appeared in the collection of others.
Page 218
Lycium Richii Gray
A root cutting (from the original clump of this species that was destroy-
ed about 25 years ago) was planted in Avalon, near a house known as the
"Isabel." "The resulting growth is about 12 feet high. On account of lack
of proper soil and moisture it is not in good condition." Knopf 309 in full
fruit. The original clump was known as the "Banyan", on account of its
fimbs drooping to the ground, though they never rooted.
Page 229
Heliotropium chenopodioides Willd. ?
The type has not been seen. H. curassavicum L., typically of the Atlantic
seaboard and the West Indies, has the nutlets strongly marked by a round
scar. Willdenow's name, given to a plant of the Pacific coast, is probably
applicable to the Catalina species, although this cannot be determined defi-
nitely from the meager description. The situation is complicated further by
the possible existence of more than one species on the mainland, a problem
to be solved by a monographer — Macbride.
Page 229
Mentha piperita L.
Knopf 511. Further specimens, in full flower, from his original locality,
wet, compact silt and loam around a spring at Empire Quarry, Oct. 31, 1922.
Flora OF Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 389
Page 252
Lonicera catalinensis Millsp.
Mr. Knopf send in a full fruited specimen from upper Bulrush Canyon,
No. 579 on which he notes: "Yellow-fruited honeysuckle, three vines only;
my 172 bears scarlet blossoms and bright red fruits." There are no characters
differentiating these forms. While the flowers and berries differ in color the
seeds and other characters are the same.
Page 266
Solidago californica Nutt.
Mr. Knopf has evidently found Mrs. Trask's original locality for this
species. He sends in as No. 4()6, a number of fine specimens gathered Sept.
24, 1922, of which he says : "Up to 5 feet high, near the first stream crossing
on the Coach Road as it descends Middle Ranch Canyon."
Page 266 Compositae
GRINDELIA Willd.
Coarse herbs or suffrutescent plants, the California species all perennials.
Basal leaves commonly petioled ; the cauline sessile by a broad base. Herbage
in ours glabrous or nearly so but balsamic-viscid. Heads gummy, medium-
sized or large, in panicles or cymes, rarely solitary or sessile, ours with con-
spicuous yellow rays. Involucre campanulate or hemispheric ; the bracts many-
ranked, firm-herbaceous, often with attenuate squarrose points. Style-ap-
pendages lanceolate or linear. Achenes short, truncate, compressed or turgid,
glabrous. Pappus of 2 to 8 awns or small scales, very readily deciduous.
1. G. robusta Nutt. Tr. Am. Philos. Soc. ser. 2, 7 :3i4 (1841).
Stems mostly erect, 3-6 dm. high : leaves usually oblong to ovate or lance-
olate and acute, in a few cases wider above and obtuse, sharply serrate or
denticulate or the uppermost entire ; the middle cauline 3-5 cm. long, 1-3 cm.
wide ; heads few, in a terminal cyme, sessile and leafy-bracted, or pedunculate
and the bracts less obvious : involucre 20-25 mm. broad : bracts with attenu-
ate squarrose or recurved tips : mature achenes mostly with a i or 2-dentate,
often oblique border at summit : pappus-awns 2 to 8.
While G. robusta is usually found in the neighborhood of the sea, the
Catalina station is as far inland as possible on the island, i. e., at the upper
end of Middle Ranch Canon. Knopf 493, Aug. 13. 1922.
This is the first return of a Grindelia from the island.
Page 271
Baccharis pilularis DC.
Full and characteristic specimens of this species were collected at Little
Harbor Knopf 197. Mr. Knopf says : "Found thickly from Empire Landing
up and over the divide and down to Little Harbor. Also a few plants in
Middle Ranch and Avalon Canyons. It forms a bush growth six feet high and
is very showy when in bloom.
390 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany. Vol. V.
)*age 272.
Conyza Coulteri Gray-
Additional specimens of this species were collected at Empire Quarry,
Aug. J7, 1922, by Knopf, 512.
F'agc 277
Coinogyne camosa Less.
Low matted growth forming solid mats many feet in diameter on the
tide fiats of Catalina Harbor, Knopf 501.
Page 297
Perezia microcephala (DC.) Gray.
Fine fruiting specimens together with three beautiful photograplis of a
large clump of this species from Middle Ranch Canyon, Sept. 10. 1922, Knopf
495.
Page 29
Johnson, Frank W.
Collected on Catalina, December, 1904, September, 1905, and March-
April, 1910. The first two collections were made in the vicinity of Avalon.
Pebble Beach, along the Coach Road to Summit and in the vicinity of
Moonstone Beach. The collection of 1910 was made at Middle Ranch and
along Middle Ranch Canyon. The two collections comprise about 400
plants now in the private herbarium of the collector.
INDEX
Abronia 94
raaritima 95
Acacia sps. 154
Acerbia 346
bacillata 346
Acharospora 369
fuscata 369
obpallens 369
Schleicheri 369
xanthophana 369
Acharosporacex 368
Achillea 273
lanulosa 273
millefoliuvi 274
Achyrachjena 289
mollis 289
Achyrodes 50
aureuni 51
Acourtia microcephala 2gj
Acrolasia 176
catalinensis 177
gracilenta 177
micrantha 176
Adenostoma 130
fasciculatum 131, 378
Adiantum 298
Capillus-Veneris 298
e marginatum 299
Jordani 298
Aecidiaceae 334
.leg Hops incurz'ata 59
Aegochloa atractyloides 215
Agaricacese 319
Agaricus 322
aeruainosus 321
appiicatus 320
campestris 322
cervinus 319
conspurcatus 323
ostreatus 319
piitridus 323
scrobkulatus 320
semiorbknlaris 321
silvicola 322
Agropyron repens 61
Agrostis 48
canina 49
diegoensis 49
exarata 49
foliosa 49
lutosa 47
stolonifera 48
veniricosa 48
verticillata 48
Agyrium 340
rufum 340
Aizoaceae 95
Alchemilla at-z'cusis 130
cuneifolia 130
Alfalfa 141
Alfilerilla 157
Alliacese 66
Allioiiiaceje 94
Allium 66
croceum 67
serratum 66
Allosorus mucroiiatus 299
Aloina 307
cricaefolia 307
Alsia 309
californica 309
Alsinaceae 98
Alsine 99
media 99
nitens 99
Alyssum merit imum 114
Sweet 115
Amaranthaceae 93
Amaranthus 94
albus 94
graecizans 94
Amblyopappus 278
pusillus 278
.Ambrosia 261
psilostachj^a 261
Ambrosiaceae 260
Ammiaceje 184
Ammiales 184
Amole 69
Amphisphaeria 351
dothideaspora 351
.Ajnphisphsericeae 346
Amsinckia 234
Douglasiana 234
intermedia 123A
lycopsoides 234
parviflora 234
spectabilis 234
tesselata 234
Amygdalacese 135
Anacardiaceae 164
Anacyclus australis 275
Anagallis I94
arvensis 194
Anaphalis margaritacea 192
Anaptychia 377
leucomelaena 377
Androcryphia longiseta 312
Andropogon 42
barbinodis 43
391
39-2 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
saccharoides 43
Anemopsis 73
californica 72, 386
Anethum Focniculvm 187
Angiospermse yp
Anthemis Cotula 273
Anthoceros 313
Pearsoni 313
Anthocerotaceae 313
Anthocerotales 313
Anthostoma 353
dryophilum 353
Antirrhinum 222
Hookerianum 222
Nuttallianum 222
speciosiim 222
strictttm 222
subsessUe 223
Antitrichia 309
californica 309
Aphanes 130
cuneifolia 130
Aphanisma 86
blitoides 86
Aphyllon fasciculatuui 243
tttberosum 243
Apiastrum 188
angusti folium 188
Apocynacepe 197
Apple Family 134
Wild 128
Arbittiis tomenfosa 193
Arctostaphylos bicolor 192
diversifolia 191
glandulosa 193
insuJaris 193
polifolia 191
pungens 192
fomcntosa 193
Arcyria 337
nutans 337
Arenaria 100
Douglasii 100
macrothcca loi
rubra vwrina 10 1
Aristida 44
adsensionis 44
bromoides 44
Armillaria 323
putrida 323
Aromia tennifolia 278
Arrow-weed 294
Artemisia 274
californica 274, 378
dracunculoides 274
heterophylla 275. 378
ludoviciana 275
vulgaris 275
Arthonia 360
anas to mo sans 362
dispersa 361
dispersa cyfisii 361
gregaria 361
gyalectoides 360
impolita 360
lecanactidia 360
polygramma 361
punctiformis 361
pyrrhuliza 361
radiata Schwartziana 361
rhoidis 361
sanguinea 362
sticlella 361
subcystodes 362
tetramera 361
Arthoniaceae 360
Arthopyrenia 359
biformis 359
fallax 359
punctiformis 359
sphseroides 359
Arthothelium 361
anastomosans 362
orbiliferum 361
-sanguineum 362
spectabile 362
subcystodes 362
Arthrocnemum 92
subterminale 92
Asclepiadacese 198
Aspidium aculcatuw 302
argutum 301
rigidum 302
Aster filaginifoHus 267
Asterella 311
californica 311
Palmerj 312
Astragalus Antiselli 148
cafalinensis 146
didymocarpus 146
fastidiosus 147
fastidius 157
Gambellianjts 146
leucopsis 147
nigrescens 146
trichopodns T47
Atriplex 88
bracteosa 90
Br ewer i 91, 386
californica 90
Coulteri 89
decumbens 80
leucophylla 00
niicrocarpa 89
pacifica 89
semibaccata 91, 378
Serenana 90
Watsoni 89
Axidibertla Palmcri 241
polystachya 242
stachyoides 241
Auricularia tabaciiur 315
Avalon 8
Run 8
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 393
Valley 8
Avena 49
barbata 50. 378
fatua 49
Babcock, E. B. 26
Baby Blue-eyes 207
Baccharis 270
caerulescens 271
consanguine a 271
Douglasii 271
pilularis 271, 389
viminea 271
Bacidia 366
dementis 366
endoleuca 367
Naegelii 367
Baeria 277
chrysostoma 278
gracilis 278
Palmeri Clementina 278
Bahia confertiflora 280
Baker, C. F. 26
Marcus 27
Ballast Point 19
Balsam, Old Field 292
Balsamea 181
Banning's Canyon 24
Baobab 125
Barbula 305
artocarpa 305
subfallax 306
vinealis 306
Barlaea Consfellafio 339
Barley 60
Cheat 56
Barnhart, J. H. 26
Bartholomew, Elam 26
Basidiomycetes 314
Battarrea 325
Stevenii 325
Beach Strawberry 96
Beacon Street Canyon 9
Beckwith, Florence 26
Bedstraw 248
Catalina 249
Bell-flower 269
Family 253
Bergerocactus 179
Emoryi 179
Bethel E. 26
Biatora coarctaia 366
glebulosa 366
minuta 366
phaeophora 366
sylvana 366
Biatorella 368
simplex 368
Bidens gracilis 284
Bigelovia veneta 270
Big Root 253
Big Wash Canyon 9
Bindweed, California 202
Great 203
Western 203
Bird Island 172
Bird Rock 18
Bishop, Dr. 27
Blackberry 133
Black Jack 15
Trail 15
Bladder Pod in
Blake, S. F. 27
Blastenia 374
ferruginea 374
Wrightii 374
Blepharipappus 288
platyglossus 288
Bloomeria 67
aurea 67
crocea 67
Blue Dicks 68
Bolboxalis 158
cernua 158
Boletaceae 318
Boletus 318
communis 318
hirsutus 318
igniarius 318
Borage Family 228
Boraginacese 228
Botryosphaeria 356
Boughton, Fred 27
Bovista 324
circumcissa 323
lilacina 324
plumbea 324
subterranea 323
Bowlesia 188
lobata 188
septentrionalis 188
Box Thorn 218
Brachytheciacese 309
Bramble 133
Brandegee, K. 27
T. S. 27
Brassica 119
campestris iig
nigra 119
Brassicaceae 113
Brlardia nigcrrir.ia 342
Brickellia 264
calif ornica 264
capitata insularis 67
insularis 67
minor 68
Bromus 55
carinatus 58
Hookerianus 58
ciliatus 58
hordaceus 55
Orcuttianus 57
rigidus 57
394 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V
rigidus Gussonei 57, 378
rubens 56
subvelutinns 57
tectorum 56
Trinii 56
villosus 57
villosus Gussouei 57
vulgaris 58
Broom 140
Rape 243
Rape Family 242
Bryaceae 308
Bryai-es 305
Bryophyta 304
Bryum 308
argenteum lanatiun 308
californicum 308
erica^foliunt 307
intermedium 308
obconicum 308
rubrum 305
torquescens 308
Buckthorn Family 167
Island 168
Buckwheat. Wild 84
Buellia alboatra 376
ambigua 376
atroalbella 376
badia 376
disci for mis 376
triphragmia 376
halonia 376
lepidastra 376
Naegelii 367
parasema 376
petraea 2)(>7
spviria 376
stellulata 376
Traskae 376
triphragtna 376
Buelliacese 376
Bulrush 63
Canyon 13
Bur-clover 141
Bursa 113
Bursa-Fastoris 113
Buttercup 106
Family 103
Cactaceae 178
Cactales 177
Cactus Family 178
snake 180
Calaguala 300
Calais linearifolia 256
pleuriseta 256
Calandrinia 97
raulescens 97
maritima 98
Menziesii 97
CaliciacccC 360
Calicium 360
parietsnum 360
California Holly 135
■ Pepper Tree 167
Poppy 109
Callichroa platyglossa 288
Calloria chrysocoma 339
Calochortus 69
catalinae 69
Kennedyi 70 \
Lyoni 69
Palmeri 70
Caloplaca 374
aurantiaca 374
bolacina 375
cerina 375
coralloides 375
elegans 375
gilva 375
murorum 375
miniatum 375
Caloplacaceae 374
Calvatia 324
lilacina 324
pachyderma 324
Camarosporium 329
eriocryptum 329
Campanula biflora 254
Campanulaceae 253
Campanulales 252
Camptothecium 309'
arenarium 309
dolosum 309
Canchalagua 197
Candlewood 242
Cape Canyon 16
Caper Bush iii
Family ill
Capeweed 236
Capn odium 345
Heteromeles 345
Capparidacese 11 1
Caprifoliaceae 250
Capriola 50
Dactylon 5o
Capsella Bursa-pastoris 113
Cardamine 118
paucisecta 118
Carduaceae 263
Cardiuus marianus 295
occidentalis 295
Carex 63
triquetra 63
Carlson, J. I. 27
Carpetweed Family 95
Carrot Family 184
Wild 189
Caryophyllaceie 102
Castilleja 227
affinis 227
Douglasii 227
foliolosa 228
parviftora 227
Flora of Santa Cataltna Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 395
Castor Bean 162
Oil Plant 162
Catalina Cherry 136
Clover 144
Harbor 19
Perfume 125
Catastoma 323
circumcissum 323
subterraneum 323
Catchfly 103
Ejiglish 103
sleepy 103
Catillaria 366
Griffithsii 366
lenticularis ecrustacea 366
tricolor 366
Catnip 240
Cat Tail 39
Family 38
Caucalis 187
microcarpa 187
Ceanothus 168
arboreus 169, 378
crassifolius 169
macrocarpus 169
!7iegacarpus 169
sorcdmtus 169
Olidiacese 340
Centaurea 296
melitensis 296
Centaurium 196
venustum 196
Cerasus iUclfoVia 136
Lyoni 136
Ceratostomataceae 346
Cercocarpus 131
alnifolius 132
betulaefolius 132
hetulaefolius Blanchac 132
betuloides 132, 378
parvifolius glaber 132
Traskiae 131
('ercospora 332
Ceanothi 332
rubiffo 3^2
squalida 332
Cereus Emoryi 179
Ceriomyces 318
communis 318
Ceropteris viscosa 300
Cetraria 372
calif ornica 372
Chamaesyce 163
serpyllifolia 164
Chamberlain, L. T. 27
Chase, Agnes 27
Cheat 58
Barley 56
Cheeses 172
Cheilanthes calif ornica 302
Chenopodiacese 86
Chenopodiales 85
Chenopodium 87
album 87
californicum 88
murale 87
I'herry Canyon 23
Catalina 136
Valley 19
WUd 135
Chia 241
Chicken Johnny's 10
Canyon opposite 9
Chickweed 99
Family 98
Chicory Family 255
Chilicothe 253
Chiodecton 363
ochroleucum 363
sanguineum 363
("hiodectonaceae 363
Chlorogalum 69
pomeridianum 69, 378
Cholla 178
Chorizanthe 82
staticioides 83
Chrysanthemum 276
coronarium 276
frutescens 2^7
Cichoriacese 255
Cirsium 295
tx:cidentale 295. ^7()
Cistaceae 174
Cladonia 368
fimbriata fibula 368
fimbriata simplex 368
furcata corymbosa 368
furcata pinnata 368
furcata racemosa 368
ochroleuca evoluta 368
pyxidata chloropha?a 368
verticillata 368
Cladoniacese 368
Cladosporium 332
iierbarum 332
forma 333
(Tlaopodium 309
leuconeuron 309
Clasterosporium 333
carpophilum 333
Clavaria 316
flaccida 316
Clavariaceae 316
Clavatia 324
lilacina 324
pachyderma 324
Claytonia perfoliata 98
Clematis 105
ligusticifolia 105. 379. 386
ligtistici folia cnlifornica 105
Clitocybe 321
Clotbur. spiny 262
Clover. Bur 141
Butterfly 145
396 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V
Catalina 144
Island 144
Owl 228
pin 157
Silvery 151
Sour 141
Spanish 149
Sweet 141
Three-toothed 145
White 143
White Sweet 141
Wire 143
Ouster Lily 68
Clypeola maritime 114
Cniciis occidentalis 295
Coach Road 14
Cocklebur 263
Coflfee Fern 299
Wild 168
Coinogyne 277
carnosa 277, 390
Collomia glufinosa 21 r
Comarostaphylis 190
diversifolia 191, 379
polifolia 191
Comatricha 337
nigra 337
Cc>niothyrium 328
leprosum 328
marrubii 328
olivaceum 328
Convolvulacese 201
Convolvulus 202
californica 202
macrostegius 203
occidentalis 202
Sepium 203
Soldanella 202
Conyza 272
Coulteri 272, 390
Coprinus 320
Coquimbo 279
Coral String 224
Vine 224
Coreopsis 283
gigantea 284
Corethrogyne 267
filaginifolia 267
lavendulacea 267
Cornaceae 189
Cornus catalincnsis 189. 388
qlabrata 388
Polleyi 388
puhescens californlcd 189
Corticium 314
arachnoideum 314
colliculosum 314
serum 314
Cotton-batting Plant 293
Cottonwood 74
Balsam 74
Black 74
Canyon 17
Cotula 275
australis 275
coronopi folia 276
Cotyledon caespitosnin 122
lanceolatum 122
Cranesbill 156
Crassulaceae 120
Craterium 338
leucocephalum 338
Crazy-weed 147
Cream Cups 107
Cressa 200
ere tic a 200
truxillensis 200. 379
Crocanthemum 174
scoparium 174
Cronartium 333
Cerebrum 333
Crossosoma 127
californicum 128, 379
Family 127
Crossosomataceae 127
Croton setigerus 161
Cruciferae 113
Cryptantha 232
cedrosensis 233
intermedia 233
leiocarpa 234
maritima 233
micromeres 233
microstachys 233
ramosissima 233
Torrcyana 233
Cry pi an the 232
Cucumber, wild 253
Cucurbitaceae 252
Cudweed 292
Cunoniaceae 126
Cunonia Family 126
Currant Family 125
Wild 125
Cuscuta 204
californica brc7n flora 204
occidentalis 204
Cuscutacese 203
Cynodon Dactylon 50
Cynoglossum lineare 230
pencillatum 230
Cynosurus aureus 51
Cyperaceae 61
Cyphelia 315
villosa 315
Cypheliaceae 360
Cyphelium 360
Bolanderi 360
Cytispora 327
Cytisus 140
canariensis 140, 387
Cytospora 327
chrysosperma 327
fugax 327
Flora OF Santa Catalixa Island — ^NIillspaugh & Nuttall 397
Dacryomyces i37
deliquescens a?
Dacryomycetaceae 337
Dacryomycetinse 2>37
Dall & Baker 27
Dandelion 258
Darnel 58
Dasyscypha 340
cerina 340
Datura 218
meteloides 218
Daucus 186
pusillus 186
Davidson, A. 28
Delphinium 104
hesperium 104
Parryi 104
scopulorum 104
Dematiaceae 332
Dendrographa 364
leucophea 364
leucophea minor 364
Dendromecon 107
arborea 108
flexile 108
Harfordii 108
rhamnoides 107
rigida 108
Dendromyccs Stevenii 325
Dentaria calif ornica 118
Dermatocarpaceae 359
Dermatocarpon 359
miniatum 359
Descanso Canyon 22
Desmatodon 306
Guepinii 306
Hendersoni 306
Deuteromycetes 339
Diairype dryophila
Dicaeoma 334
Nemoseridis 334
Dichelostemma 67
capitata 67
insulare 67
Dichondra 200
Family 199
occidentalis 200
rep ens 200
Dichondraceae 199
DiCOTYLEDONES 71
Dicranaceae 305
Dicranella 305
rubra 305
Didymella 350
Ramonae 350
superflua 350
Didymodon 306
Hendersoni 306
tophaceus 307
Didymosphaeria 350
brunneola 350
catalinse 350
Dipetalia 386
subulata 386
Diplacus 224
(jlutinosus 225
linearis 225, 379
puniceus 225
Diplochistaceae 365
Diplochistes 365
hypothallunum 365
pluriloculare 365
Diplodia 328
heteromelina 328
Diplopappus scaher 265
Dirina 363
catalinariae 363
Hassei 363
rediunta 363
Dirinaceac 363
Discosia 331
poiklomera 331
Dissanthelium 52
californicum 52
Distichlis 51
maritima 51, 379
spicata 51
Dock, curled 85
willow 84
Dodder Family 203
Western 204
Dodecatheon 195
Clevelandi 195
Hendersoni 195
Jeffreyi 1 95
meadia 195
Dogbane Family 197
Dog-wood, Cataiina 189
Family 189
Dondia 92
californica 93
taxifolia 93
Doorweed 85
Dothideaceae 345
DOTHIDEALES 345
Dothiorella 327
gallae 327
Douglass 92
Drepanolobus pannflorus 152
Drymocallis 129
glandulosa 129
Drvopteris 301
arguta 301
Dudleya 121
Greenei 122
Dusty Miller 280
Dyer's Greenwold 154
Elagle's Nest 16
Eastwood, Alice 28
Echinocystis fabacea 353
guadaloupensis 253
macrocarpa 253
39^ Field Museum of Natural History— Botany, Vol. V
Marah 253
Kcho Lake 15
Eel-grass Family 40
Eisen, Dr. 28
Elder 251
Kleocharis 62
palustris 62
Elephant Root 253
EJfvingia 317
megaloma 317
Ellimia rudcralis 386
Ellisia 207
chrysanthemi folia 207
Elymus 60
condeiisatus 60
glaucus 61
tn'ticoides 61
Embolus 340
ochreatus 340
Emmenanthe 210
penduliflora 210
Encelia 283
californica 283, 379
Epilobium 181
holosericeum 181
Equestrian Trail n
Equisetacex 302
Equisktai.es 302
Equisetum 302
kansanum 303
ntexicanum 303
robustum 303
^ Telemateia 303
Eremocarpus 161
setigerus 161
Ericaceae 190
Ericales 189
Erigeron 267
ramphoratus 2g4
canadensis 268
foliosus 268
linif alius 269
stenophyllus 268
Kriodictyon 210
crassifolium etc. 210
t omentosum 210
Traskiae 210
Eriogonum 83
i^nganteum 83
i/rande 84
nudum 84, 379
rubescens 84
Eriophyllum 279
confertiflorum 280
Nevinii 280, 379
Eritrichium cancscens arisonicum 2-^2
Erodium 156
cicutarium 157
moschatum 156
Erysimum pivnatum 114
Erythraea trichantha 197
vennsfa 196
Eschscholtzia 108
californica 109, no
crocea 109
crossophylln no
elegans no
ramosa no
Wrigleyana 109
Eucalyptus 184, 379
Eucrypta chrysanthemi folia 207
Eulobus 183
calif ornicus 184
Euphorbia dictyosperma 162
leptofera 163
mis era 163
^ serpylliifolia 164
Euphorbiaceae 160
Eurotium 345
Eustoma silenifolium 388
Rutoca grandifolia 208
patuliflora 208
I'iscida 208
Eutypa 355
lata 355
Eutypella 354
ceranata 354
domicalis 355
Populi 355
stellulata 355, 379
Evening Primrose 183
Family 180
Everlasting 292
Californica 293
Swamn 292
Everman, B. M. 28
Evernia 374
prunastri 374
Exidia 336
glandulosa 336
recisa 336
Fabaceae 136
Fagaceae 75
Fagai,es 75
Fennel 187
Fenselia concinna 213
dianthiflora 213
speciosa 213
Fern, Coffee 299
Family 297
Gold 300
Golden-back 300
Maidenhair 298
Sticky 300
Tea 300
Festuca 54
megalura 55
myuros 55
octoflora 54
reflexa 54
tenella 54
Fig Marigold 96
Flora OF Santa Catalina Islaxd — Millspaugti & Nuttall 399
Figwort 224
Family 220
Filago 291
calif ornica 291
Filar ee 157
FiLicALES 297
Fimbriaria calif ornica 311
Palmeri 311
Fisher, G. L. 28
Fisherman's Cove t8
Fissidens 305
limbattis 305
Fissidentacese 305
Fleabaiie 268
Flowering Maple 172
Foeniculum 187
Foeniculum 187
vulgare 187, 380
Femes 318
Abramsianus 318
igniarius 318
Fossombronia 312
longiseta 312
I*"our o'clock 95
Family 94
Fourth-o'-Jiily 19
Foxtail 60
Frankenia 175
Family 175
grandiflora 175
Frankeniaceae 175
Franseria bipinnatifida 262
biipinn<itifida dubia 262
Fritchey. J. Q. A. 28
Frullania 313
catalinae 313
Funaria 308
hygrometrica 308
mediterranea 3f>8
I'unariaceai 308
Fungi 313
riairtneria 261
bipinnatifida 262
( lalium 248
angustifolium 248. 380
Aparine 248
buxifoHum 249
catalinense 249
miguelense 249
siccatum 249
Gallagher's Canyon 23
Gambel. William 28
Gambelia 221
speciosa 222
Gap, the 16
Gas Works Canyon in
Gastridium 48
australe 48
lendigerum 48
ventricosum 48
Gastromycete 323
Geaster 324
floriformis 324
fornicatus 324
hygrometricus 324
limbatus 324
minimus 324
rufescens 324
Genista linifolia 154
Gentian Family 196
Gentianaceae 196
Gentian ALES 105
Geopyxis 339
Catinus 339
Geraniaceae 155
Geraniales 154
Geranium 155
carolinianum 1 5f>
cicutarium 157
Family 155
nwschatum 1 56
wild 156
Giant Solanum 217
Gilia 211
atractyloides 2 1 5
bicolor 213
dianthoides 213
filifolia 215
(jilioides 211
glutinosa 211
multicaulis 213
multicaulis alba 213
Nevenii 211
Traskiae 2ii
znscidula 215
Glasswort 92
Gloniopsis 342
insignis 342
Glonjum 343
parvulum 342
vestigiale 343
Gnaphalium 291
bicolor 292
calif ornicum 292
chilense 293
decurrens californicitm 292
microcephalum 203
palustre 292
Sprengelii 293
(iodetia 182
Bottae 182
epilobioides 182
guadrivulnera 182
tenella 182
Gold Fields 278
Golden Month -i?^
Stars 67
Top SI
Goldenrod 267
Golf Links 8
Canyon 9
Goosefoot 88
-400 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Family 86
Gcose-weed 2'72,
Grand Canyon 13
Grandinia 316
Grant, G. B. 29
Grape Family 170
Wild 170
Grapliidaceae 362
Grass, Barley 59
Beard 48
Bent 49
Bermuda 50
Blue-eyed 71
Darnel 58
Dropseed 47
Family 41
Feather 46
Fescue 54
Foxtail 60
Golden Tf>p 51
Hard 59
Knot 85
Meadow 52
Melic 54
Pepper 116
Red Brome 56
Salt 52, 91
Squirrel 60
Three-barbed 45
Wheat 61
Graveyard Canyon 10
Grease- wood 131
Grimmia 307
atrovirens 307
trichophylla 307
Grimmiaceas 307
Grindelia 389
robusta 389
Grossulariacea; 125
Groundsel 282
Guatemote 272
Guepinia 337
Peziza 337
Gymnogramme 3CX)
triangularis 300
viscosa 300
Hall. H. M. 29
Hamilton Canyon 23
Haplopappus squarrosus 270
Hard Tack 132
Harpaecarpus exigutis 286
Harpagonella 230
Palmeri 230
Hartmannia fasciculala 287
Hasse, H. E. 29
Hay Press i5
Hazardia 270
squarrosa 270, 380
Heath Family 190
H eleniastrum puberulum 281
Helenium 280
puberulum 281
lielianthemum scopariuiii 175
Helianthus 282
annuus 283
Heliotella 339
miscrospora 339
Heliotrope, seaside 229
wild 229
Heliotropium 229
chenopodioides 229, 388
curassavicuni 229
ocultum 229
Heller, A. A. 29
Helminthosporium carpophihim 333
Helvetia rubiginosa 314
Helvellineae 339
Hemizonia 286
Clementina 287
fasciculata 287
floribunda 287
paniculata 287
ramosissima Bth. 288
Streetsii 287
Wrightii 288
Hepaticae 310
Heppia 369
Guepini 369
leptopholis 369
Heppiacese 369
Hesperastragalus 146
didymocarpus 146
Gambelianus 146
Hesperocnide 80
tenella 80
Hesperonia 95
californica 95
Heteromeles arbutifoUa 134
salicifolia 134
Heterotheca 265
grandiflora 265
Hill-brush 274
Holly 135
California i35
Holodiscus ariaef alius 129
Honeysuckle Family 250
wild 252
Hookera 68
minor 68
Hordeum 59
murinum 60
nodosum 59
pusillum 59
vulgare 60
Horehound 239
Horsetail Family 302
Ivory 303
Horseweed 269
Hosackia 148
americana 148
anthylloides 1 50
argophylla 151
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 401
brachycera 149
glabra 152
grandiflora anthyll aides 150
maritima 149
niicrantlux 151
ornithopus 151
Piirshiana 148
rubella 150
strigosa 149
suhpinnata 149
Wrangeliana 149
Houttuynia californica 71
Howland, Mrs. 29
Howlands 19
Humaria umbraruni 339
Hyacinth, wild 68
Hydnaceae 316
Hydnum 316
ochraceum 317
ohioense 316
Hydrophyllacese 204
Hymenochsete 314
rubiginosa 314
tabacina 315
Hymenomycete 314
Hypekicales 173
Hypholoma 321
fasciculare 321
Hyphomycetales 332
Hypnutn arenarium 309
calif ornicum 310
illecebrum 310
leuconeuron 309
Hypocreales 345
Hypomyces 345
rosellus 345
Hypomycetacese 345
Hypoxylon 356
annulatum 357
atropurpureum 357
botrys 356
rubiginosum 357
Hysteriacese 342
Hysteriineae 342
Hysterium Mori 343
prominens 343
Hysterographium 343
Bakeri 343
insigne 342
Mori 343
prominens 343
Ice Plant 96
Ipomoea 201
heceracea 201
Ironwood 127
Gully 19
Islay 136
Island 136
Isocoma 269
decumbens 270
latifolia 270
microdonta 270
sedoides 270
veneta vernonioides 269
vernonioides 269
villosa 270
Isomeris iii
arborea iir, 380
arborea globosa 11 1
globosa in
Isthmus 18
Harbor 18
Ivy, poison 165
Ixiacese 70
Jatimea carnosa 277
Jepson, W. L. 29
Jepsonia 124
neonuttalliana 124
Jewfish Point 22
Johnson's Landing 20
Juncaceae 64
Juncus 65
acutus sphacracarpus 65
balticus 65, 380
bufonius 65
robustus 65
Jungermannia 312
Family 312
Jungermanniaceae 312
JUNGERMANNIALES 312
Kennedy, P. B. 30
Kingman, C. C. 30
Kisses 97
sea 98
Knopf, E. C. 31 )
Knot Grass 85
Konigia 114
maritima 114
Krynitskia ambigua 233
intermedia 233
leiocarpa 234
micromeres 233
mlcrostachys 233
ratnosissima 233
Kuehneola 333
nrcdinis 333
Lace Pod 117
Lachnea 339
umbrarum 339
Lactaria 320
deceptiva 320
scrobiculata 320
Lactuca 258
Scariola 259
virosa 259
Lady's Mantle 130
402 Field Museum of Natural Htstorv— Botany, Vol. V
Lamarckia aurca 51
Lamb's Quarters 87
Lamiaceae 236
Lamprospora 339
Constellatio 330
Larkspur 104
Lastarriaea 82
chilensis 82
Lathyrus 153
Alefeldi 153
californicus 153
puberulus 154
strictus 154
vestitus 154
violaceus 1 54
violaceus Barbera^ 154
Laurocerasus 135
ilicifolia 136
Lyoni 136, 380
Lava Beds 14
Lava Daisy 258
Lavatera 171
assurgentiflora 171
Laya platyglossa 288
platyglossa breviseta 288
Lecanactis 364
californica 364
dubia 364
salicina 364
Lecania 371
brunonis 371
dimera 371
fructigena 371
Lecanidion 341
atratum 341
Lecanora 370
albella 370
atra 370
cancnfotmis 370
catalinae 371
cinerea 370
laevata 370
■muralis 371
pacifica 370
pallida 370
rugosa 370
saxicola 371
sordida 370
subcarnea 371
subfusca 370
symmicta 370
Lecanoraceae 371)
Lecidaceae 365
Lecidea 365
aromatica 367
catalinaria 366
coarctata 366
fumosa 365
glebulosa 366
goniphila 366
lapicida 365
declinans 365
latypaea 365
luridella 366
mintita 366
phaeophora 366
scotopholis 366
sylvana 366
Legoucia btflora 254
Leguminosaceae 136
Lemmon, J. G. 30
Leontodon Taraxacum 258
Lepidium 115
intermedium 116
lasiocarpum 115
lasiophylluni 116
latipes 1 1 5
medium 116
Lepigonufti macrothecuin 101
ulacrotheciim lOi
Lepiota 323
conspurcata 323
Leptilon 268
canadense 268
linifolium 269
Leptionella 319
edulis 319
Leptonia edulis 319
Leptosiphon bicolor 213
Leptosphaeria 352
Galiorum gnaphaliana 352
Leptostromataceae 331
Leptosyne gigantea 284
Lepturus incurvatus 59
Leskeaceae 309
Lettuce, Miner's 08
prickly 259
Leucodontacea; 309
Leucoseris saxatilis 258
Lichens 358
Lilac 169
white 169
Liliaceae 68
LiLIALES 64
Lily Family 68
Limonade 166
Linanthus dianthiflorus 213
Linaria 220
canadensis texana 221
texana 221
Lippia 236
nodiflora 236
Lithophragma 123
catalinse 124
Little Harbor 17
Liverworts 310
Lizzard-tail Family 72
Loasa Family 176
Loasaceae 176
LoASALES 176
Loco-weed 147
Lolium 58
temulentum 58
Lonicera 251
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 403
calif omica 252
catalinensis 252 380, 389
hispida subspicata 252
hispid ula 252
hispidula vacillans 252
Lookout Point 22
Lophiosphseria 347
querceti 347
Lophiostomataceae 347
Lotus argophyllus 151
dendroideus 152
hanmtus 151
humistratus 149
rubellus 150
salsuginosus 149
strigosus 149
tomentosus 151
Wrangelianus 149
Lupine, Giant 140
stinging 139
Lupinus 137
aflSnis 139
Aghardianus 138
albifrons 139
carnulosus 139
Chamissonis 140
concinnus 138
gracilis 138
Hallii 139, 380
hirsutissimus 139
longifoHus 139
micranthus 139
truncatus 138
Lycium 217
californicum 218
H asset 218
Richii 218, 388
Lycogala 337
Epidendrum 337
Lycoperdaceae 323
Lycoperdon 323
Epidendrum Zi7i
fomicatus 324
gemmatum 323
pachyderma 324
pyri forme 323
Lycopodiales 303
Lyon, W. S. 30
Lyonothamnus 126
aspJenif alius 126
floribundus 126, 380
Macbride, J, F. 30
Madder Family 247
Madia 285
dissitiflora 286
exigua 286
filipes 286
sativa 285
Madorella dissitiflora 286
Mahogany, Mountain 132
Maiden-hair, California 299
fern 298
Malaccas 134
Malacothryx 257
saxatilis 257, 381
Mallow Family 171
Tree 172, 173
Malosma 166
laurina 167, 381. 387
Malva 172
borealis 172
fasciculata 173
parviflora 172, 381
pusilla 172
Rosa 172
Malvaceae 171
Malvales 170
Malvastrum 173
fasciculatum 173, 381
Thurberi 173
Manzanita 191, 193
Maple, flowering 172
Marah fabacea 253
microcarpa 253
Marasmius 320
plicatulus 320
Marchantiaceae 311
Marchantiales 310
Mariposa Lily 70
Marrubium 239
vulgare 239, 381
Maruta 273
Cotula 272
Matrimony Vine 219
Maurandia stricta 222
Mayweed 273
McClatchie, A, J. 31
Anna M. 31
McGregor, E. A. 31
Meconopsis heterophylla no
Medic 141
Medicago 140
denticulata 141
hispida 141
sativa 140, 381
Megarrhiaa calif omica 2'^t,
fabacea 253
Marah 253
Melampsora 334
irionticola 334
Melampsoraceae ZH
Mclanolanca colybiifoniiis 323
Melica 53
imperfecta 53
imperfecta viinor 54
poaeoides 53
Torreyana 53
Melilotus 141
alba 141
indica 141
parviflora 141
Melogrammataceae 356
404 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Melon Family 252
Mentha 238
piperita 239, 388
Mentzelia affinis 177
gracilenta 177
micrantha 176
Merritt, A. J. 31
Merulius 317
confluens 317
lamellosus 319
pilosus 317
Mesembryanthemum 96
aequilaterale 96
crystallinura 96
nodiflorum 96
Metasphaeria 35 1
anisometra 351
Micrampelis 253
macrocarpa 253, 381
Microdiplodia 329
conigena 329
Mimuli 329
Ramonas 329
Micro lotus nudiflorous 150
Micromeria 237
chamissonis 237
Douglasii 22,7
Microseris 255
anomala 256
Lindleyi 256
linearifolia 256
Middle Ranch 16
Mignonette 112
Milfoil 274
Milkweed Family 198
Miller, G. S. 31
Mrs. 31
Millspaugh, C. F. 31
Mimulus 225
cardinalis 226
critcns 226
qriscus 226
floribundus 226
glutinosus 225
guttatus 226
linearis 225
hiteus 226
nastus 226
Traskiae 'j2G
Miner's Lettuce 98
Mint Family 236
Mirabilis californica 95
Mnium hygrometricum 308
intermediufn 308
lanatum 308
Monanthochloe 51
littoralis 51
Monardella lanceolata 242
Monocotyledones 38
Monkey Flower, crimson 226
musk 226
orange 226
red 226
sticky 225
yellow 226
Montia 98
perfoliata 98
Alorning Glory 201
Family 201
Seaside 202
Moss Family 304
Mountain Mahogany 132
Moxley, G. L. 31
Mucedinacese 332
Mucuna sp. 154
Mugwort 275
Muhlenbergia 46
gracilis 46
microsperma 46
purpurea 46 ^
Mulefat 272
Mullein, Turkey 161
Musci 304
Mushrooms 314
Mustard, Black 119
Family 113
Field 119
Hedge 114
Wild 119
Mycena 319
flava 319
Mycoporacese 360
Mycoporellum 360
Hassei 360
Mycosphserella 348
Chlcrogalli, 348
Clymenia 348
Nemoseridis 348
Mycosphjerellacese 348
Myrangium 344
catalinse 344
Myriangiaceae 344
Myrtales 180
Myrtle, ground 198
tree 169
Myxogasteres 337
Myxomycetes 337
Myzorrhiza 243
tuberosa 243
Naidales 39
Nasturtium I59
Family 159
officinale 116
Naucoria 321
semiorbicularis 321
Navarretia 214
atractyloides 215
filifolia 215
filifolia eufilifolia 215
foliacea 214
hamata 215
viscidula 215
Flora of Santa Cataltxa Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 405
Neckera calif ornica 309
Nectria 345
episphaeria 345
Nectriacese 345
Nematelia 336
nucleata 336
Nemophila 205
aurita 205
erodiifolia 205
insignis 206
Menci-esii 206
Mensiesii insignis 206
racemosa 206
Nemoseris calif ornica 257
Neostyphonia 165
integrifolia 166, 381, 387
ovata 166
Nepeta 239
Cataria 240
Nettle, coast 80
Family 79
stinging 80
tall 80
Nevin. J. C. 32
Nicotiana 219
Bigelovii 219
Clevelandii 219
glauca 219, 381
Nigger-head 284
Nightshade 217
Nolava Canyon it
Norris, R. S. 2^
Norta 118
altissima 118
Nolholaena Candida 300
Nummularia 356
Clvpeus 356
Nuttall. L. W. 32
Nxctaqinaceae 94
Oak. blue 78
evergreen 78
Family 75
five-leaved 165
golden-leaved 78
island 78
live 78
Poison 165
scrub 77
sour 166
Oats, wild 49, so
Obione Coulteri 89
leticophylla 90
Ochrolechia 371
pallescens 371
Ocotillo 242
Odontia 316
viridis 316
Oenothera bistorla 183
micrantlui 183
Oligomeris 112
glaucescens 112. 386
subulata 112, 386
Onagraceae 180
Onion Family 66
wild 66
Opegrapha 362
betulina 363
Chevallieri 362
Hassei 363
pulicaris 362
rimalis 362
vulgaris 362
Opuntia 178
Engelmanni littoralis 179
Lindheimeri occidentalis 178
littoralis 179
megacantha 170
occidentalis 178
prolifera 178
Orbilia 339
chrysocoma 339
Orobanchaceas 242
Orbanche fasciciilata 243
Orobtis caiifornicus 153
Orpine Family 120
Orthocarpus 228
purpurascens 228
Orthotrichaceae 307
Orthotrichum 307
cylindrocarpum 307
Lyellii 307
Owl Qover 228
Oxalidaceae 157
Oxalis cernua 158
Paint Brush 228
Cup 227
Palmer, Edward 32
Pandanales 38
Panicum dactylon 50
Pansy, yellow 174
Papaver no
heterophyllum no
Papaveraceae 106
Papaver ALES 106
Parietaria 80
debilis 81
Parish. S. B. 32
Parmelia 372
caperata 27^
conspersa 372
cyli^phora 372
enteromorpha 372
laevigata 372
olivaria 372
olivetorum 272
perforata hypotropa 372
perlata 372
vittata 372
Parmeliaceae 372
Parson's Landing 20
4o6 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
Payson, E. B. 30
Pea Family 136
Sweet, Wild 154
Peach Family 135
Pear, prickly 179
Pearlwort 100
Pebble Beach 20
Canyon 21
Road 20
Pectocarya 230
linearis 230
pencillata 230
Pellaea 299
andromedaefolia 299
mucronata 299
ornithopus 299
Pellitory 81
Pendleton, R. L. 32
Peniophora 314
Allesheri 314
velutina 314
Pentachseta 266
Lyoni 266
Pentstemon 224
cordifolius 224, 382
Peppergrass, hairy 116
Smooth 116
Peppermint 239
Pepper-tree 167
Perezia 296
microcephala 297, 390
sericophylla 297
Peridermium cerebrum 333
Perisporiacese 345
Perisporiales 345
Perityle 279
Emoryi 279
Periwinkle 198
Peroneutypa 356
heteracantha 356
Peronospora 338
Hyoscyami 338
Peronosporacese 338
Peronosporinese 338
Pertusaria 369
flavicunda 369
multipuncta 369
Wulfanii 369
Pertusariaceae 369
Pesisa cerina 340
villosa 315
Pezizacese 330
Phaca 147
fastidia 147
leucopsis 17
trichopoda 148
Phacelia 207
cilia ta 209
distans 209
distans scahrella 209
grandiflora 208
hispida 209
hispida genu'ma 209
Lyoni 209
patuliflora 208
sticky 208
tanacetifoUa 209
viscida 208
Phaeangium 340
sphaeroides 340
Ph<ienangi(um 340
Phalaris 43
cmiariensis 44
caroliniana 44
Lemmoni 44
minor 44
Philibertia 198
hirtella 199
linearis fiirtella 199
Phlox Family 211
Phlyctsena 331
arcuata 331
Phlyctis 371
argena 371
argena mucronata T,y\
candicans 371
Pholiurus 58
incurvatus 59
Phoma 326
Eupyrena 326
Megarrhizae 2>^()
nebulosa 326
typhicola 326
Phomopsis 326
nicotianae 326
oblita 327
Photinia 134
arbutifolia 134, 382, 387
salicifolia 135
Phragmidium 336
Rosa-Californicae 2>3(^^
Phycomycetes 338
Phyllachora 345
Nuttalliana 345
Phyllospadix 40
Torreyi 40
Phyllosticta 325
Heteromeles 325
Laurocerasi 325
maculans 325
rhoi'Seda 325
Phyllostictacese 325
Phyllostictales 325
Physalospora 349
erratica 349
Eucalyptina 349
Heteromelina 349
Physaraceae 338
Physarum 338
nutans 338
nutans leucophreum 338
Physcia 377
aipolia 377
caesia 377
Flora OF Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 407
cnspa Z77
leucoimla 377
stellaris 377
tenella 377
Physciaceae 377
Piedra Escalera Canyon 10
Pigweed 87
Family 93
Pileolaria 334
Toxicodendri 334
Pimpernel 194
Pink Family I02
PiPERALES 72
Fiscaria setigera 161
Pityrogramma 300
triangularis 300
triangularis viscosa 300
viscosa 300
Placodium elegans 375
saxicola 371
Placolecania 371
candicans 371
Plagiobothrys 231
arizonicus 232
arisonicus catalineiisis 232
canescens 231
catalhtensis 232
Cooperi 232
Plantaginaceae 244
Plantaginales 243
Plantago 244
Bigelovii 244
coronopus 246
dura 246
erecta 245
insularis 245
maritima 247
obversa 247
Parishii 246
patagonica 247
speciosa 247
Plantain Family 244
Rat-tail 247
Ribbon 247
Platystemon 107
californicus 107
cernuus 107
Plectascineae 344
Pleospora 352
Chlorogalli 352
herbarum 352
infectoria 353
Labiatarum 353
Meliloti 353
Pleosporacese 349
Pleurotus 319
ostreatus 319
salignus 320
septicus 320
Pluchea 293
horealis 294
camphorata 294, 382
sencea 294
Pluteus cervinus 319
Poa 52
annua 52
scabrella 52
Poaceaj 41
Poales 41
Poison Ivy 165
Oak 165
Polemoniaceae 211
Polemoniales 199
Pollay, H. 32
Polycarpon loi
depressum 102
Polygonaceae 81
Polygon ales 81
Polygonum 85
aviculare 85, 382
Polypappus sericeus 294
Poly pod iaceae 297
Polypodium 301
californicum 301
inter medium 301
Scouleri 301
Polypody, California 301
Polypogon 47
Uttoralis 47
lutosus 47
monspeliensis 47
Polyporaceae 317
Polyporus mcgalovia 317
Polystictus 318
hirsutus 318
versicolor 318
Poor Man's Weather Glass 194
Popcorn Flower 232
Poppy, California 109
Family 106
Tree 108
Wind no
Wrigley's 109
Populus 74
trichocarpa 74, 382
Poria 317
incrustans 317
rhodella 317
vaporaria 317
Porina 359
plumbaria 359
Portulacacea- 97
Potato Family 216
Potentilla glandulosa 129
Pottiaceae 305
Prickly Lettuce 259
Pear 179
Primrose, Evening 183
Family 194
Primulacese 194
Primulales 193
Propolis 341
faginea 341
Primus ilicifolia 136
4o8 Field Museum of Natural History — Botany, Vol. V.
ilicifolia mtegrifoUa 136
iUcifoUa occidentalis 136
integrifolm 136
Lyoni 136
occidentalis 136
Psilocarphus 290
tenellus 390
Pteridophyta 297
Ptcr'is andromedaefoVm 2g(j
Pterostegia 82
drymarioides 82
Ptiloria virgata 256
Puccinia 335
Agrop3^ri 335
Clematidis 335
Cressae 335
Eriophylli 335
Grindelise 335
Malvacearum 33^
Sherardiana 335
Puff-ball Family 323
Purslane Family 97
Pyrenulaceae 359
Quamoclit 203
Queen Anne's Lace 84
Quercus 76
agrifolia 77
Alvordiana 78
clirysolepis 78
Douglasii 77
dumosa 76, 383
forma insularis 77, 386
forma longigemma 77
forma myrtifolia 77
diimosa MacDonaldii 78
Engelmannii 77
MacDonaldii 77, 383
MacDonaldii clcgantnla 77
Morehus 78
oblongifolia 78
fomentella 78, 383
vaccinifolia 78
Radish, Wild 120
Rafinesquea 257
californica 257, 383
Ragweed Family 260
Western 261
Ramalina 2>7i
ceruchis 373
ceruchis combeoides 373
farinacea 373
latus 373
fraxinea 374
homalea 373
intermedia 27},
Menziesii 372,
pollinaria 373
reticulata 373
Raniona 241
Clevclandi 241
polystachya 242, 383
stachyoides 241, 383
Ranales 103
Ranunculaceae 103
Ranunculus 105
hebecarpus 105
Raphanus 119
sativus 120
Rattlesnake Canyon 23
weed 187
Rattle-weed 147
Reed, F. M. 33
Reseda Ii3
Family 112
odorata 112
subulata 386
Resedaceae 112
Resedella subulala 386
Resupinatus 320
applicatus 320
Resurrection Plant Family 303
Plant 304
Reticularia 338
Lycoperdon 338
Reticulariacese 338
Rhamnaceae 167
Rhamnales 167
Rhamnus 168
catalinae 168
crocea 168
ilicifolia 168
insularis 168, 384
insulus 168, 388
pyrifoliO' 168
Rhizocarpon 367
Bolanderi 367
confervoides 367
oidaleum 367
penichraeum 367
Rhus diversiloba 165
integrifolia 166
laurina 167
ovata 166
Ribes 125
viburni folium 125
Riccia 311
catalinae 311
trichocarpa 311
Ricciaceae 311
Ricinus 161
communis 162
Rhinodina 376
angelica 377
Conradi 377
radiata 376
lactea 376
sophodes 377
turfacea 377
Rixford. G. P. 33
Roccella 364
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nuttall 409
ceruchis 373
combeoides 373
fuciformis 364
Roccellaceae 364
Rock Falls Canyon 10
Rose 175
Rose Family 174
Spring Canyon 10
Rosa 133
californica 134, 384
Rosacese 128
RosALEs 120
Rose Family 128
Rock 175"
Wild 134
Rosellinia 346
aquila 346
Rosilla 281
Rubiacese 247
RuBiALEs 247
Rubus 133
nrsimis 133
vitifolius 133, 384
Rue 160
Family 160
Rumex 84
crispus 84
salicifolius 84
Rusby, H. H. 33
Rush, Bullfrog 65
Family 64
Spike 62
Stout 6=;
Toad 65
Wire 65
Ruta 160
graveolens 160
Rutacese 160
Rve, wild 60
Sage 241
black 241
brush 274
Canyon 12
Chia 241
pitcher 238
purple 241
white 242
Sagina 100
occidentalis 100
Salicaceae 7Z
Salicales 72
Salicornia amhigua 92
subtertmnalis 92
Salix 74
^rgophylla 75
laevigata 74
lasiolepis 75, 384
Salta Verde 14
Saltbush 89, 90
Australian 92
Salt Grass 52, 91
Salvia 240
a plan a 242
californica 242
Columbariae 240
mellifera 241
Sambucus 250
caerulea 250
glauca 250, 384
Samphire 92
Sand Spurrey 10 1
Sandwort 100
Sandford, O. S. 33
Sanicle 186
Sanicula 185
bipinnatifida 186
laciniata 186
Menziesii 186
Sapindales 164
Sarcostemma hcierophyllnm.
lum 199
Sargent, C. S. 33
Sauco 251
Saururaceae 72
Saviniotw, reticulata ijr
Saxifragaceae 123
Saxifrage Family 123
Schinus molle 167
Schizmatomma 365
calif ornicum 365
hypothallinum 365
pleuroloculare 365
Schizonotus ariaef alius 129
Schizopelte 364
californica 364
Schizoxylon 341
insigne 34 1
Schumacher P. 33
Scirpus 63
pacificus 63
Sclerocarpus exiguus 286
Sclerophyton 363
californicum 363
Sclerc^Jodium 310
californicum 310
illecebrum 310
Scouring Rush, Kansas 303
Scrophularia 223
californica 224
villosa 223
Scrophulariaccfe 220
Sea Kisses 98
Spurrey iot
Sebacina 336
calcea 336
podlachia 336
Sedge 64
Family 61
Selaginaceae 303
Selaginella 304
Bigelovii 304
rupestris 304
hirteU
4IO Field Musei'm of Natukal Historv — Botany, Vol. V.
Senecio 281
Douglasii 281
Lyoni 282
Sepedonium 332
chrysospertnum 23^
Septoria 330
Megarrhizae 330
rhabdocarpa 330
Rubi 330
Verbenae 331
Sericotheca 129
franciscana 129, 385
Shepherd's Purse 114
Ship Rock 19
Shooting Star 195
Silene 102
anglica 103
antirrhina 103
conoidea 103
gallica 103
multinervia 102
quadrivulnera 103
quinquevulnera 103
Silver Canyon 12
Silybum 295
Marianum 295
Sisymbrium 116
altissimuni 118
canescens 114
nasturtium-aquaticum 116
Pannonicum 118
reflexum 117
Sisyrinchium 70
bellum 71
Sitanion 61
jubatum 61
Smartweed Family 81
Smiley. F. J. 33
Smith, H. H. 33
Snake Canyon 12
Snake's-head 258
Snapdragon 223
Sneezeweed 281
Snowberry 251
Soap Plant 69, 88
Soapstone Quarry 20
Solanaceae 216
Solanum 216
Douglasii 216
Giant 217
nigrum 217
Wallacei 217. 385
' Xanti WaUarci 217
Solenia 315
cinerea 315
Solidago 266
californica 266, 389
Sonchus 259
asper 260
oleraceus 260
oleraceus asper 260
tenerrimus 2t;o
tenuifolius 260
Sophia 114
pinnata 114
Sorrel Family 157
Sour-berry 166
Oak 166
Specularia 254
biflora 254
Spergularia Clevi'lavdi 10 r
macrotheca loi
salina lOi
Sperm ATOPHYTA 37
Sphacele 238
calycina IValla^ei 238
fragrans 238
Sphaeria Diatrypc dryophih 353
Callae 327
Sphseriacese 346
Sphaeriales 346
Sphaerographium 331
avenaceum 331
Sphaeropsis 328
nebelina 328
Sphaerostigma 183
bistortum 183
micranthum. 183
Sphinctrina 360
microcephala 360
Spiderwort Family 70
Spiraea 129
ariae folia 129
Spurge 163
Family 160
ground 164
Spurrey, Sand loi
Sea loi
Stellaria media 90
nitens 99
Stemonitaceae 338
Stemonitis 338
leucocephola 338
pallida 338
Stenochloa californica 52
Stephanomeria 256
virgata 256, 385
Stereum 315
gansapatum 31.'
heterosporum 315
hirsutum 315
fichraceo-flavum 315
paniculata 257
Stictidaceae 340
Stictis 341
lanuginicincta 341
radiata 342
Stipa 45
aninens 45
eminens Andersoni 46
lepida 45
lepida Andersoni 46
pulchra 45
se tig era 45
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugii & Nuttall 41 1
Strawberry, beacli 96
Strikeria 346
catalinx 346
Stropharia 321
aruginosa 321
semiglobata 321
Stylocline 290
gnaphalioides 290
Stylophyllum 122
Hassei 122
insulare 122
Styphonia intcgrifoliu 166
Suae da calif ornica 93
Torreyana 93
Sugar Bush 166
Sumac Family 164
Sumach 166
laurel 167
Sunflower 283
Sunshine 278
Svida 189
catalinensis 189
Swain's Canyon 24
Sweet Alyssum IT5
pea, wild 154
Symphoricarpos 251
ciliatus 251
mollis 251
Syntrichia monta>ia 307
Si-rmatium 150
argophyllum 151
dendroideum 152
glabrum 152
micranthum 151
niveutn 151
omithopum 151, 385
f>atens 152
Traskiae 151
Talinum Menziesii 97
Tapinia 319
lamellosa 310
Taraxacum 258
Dens-Leonis 258
offlchuile 258
Taraxacum 258
vulgare 258
Targionia 311
hypophylla 311
Tar-weed 287
Chile 286
Tecalote 296
Teichosporella 347
lonicerina 347
Tellim-a affitiis 124
Thalesia 242
fasciculata 24.^
Thallophyta 313
Thelephora hrrsufa 315
velutxna 114
Thelephoracea? 314
Thelopoduutn laciniatitw 118
Thelesperma 284
gracile 284
Thelochistacese 375
Thelochistes 375
chrysophthalmus 375
flavicans 375
Thelypodium 117
lasiophyllum IT7
Thistle 29s
Family 263
Milk 296
Prickly Sow- 260
Sow 260
Star 296
ThJaspi Bursa-pastoris IT3
Thorn, Box 218
Thymus chamissonis 237
Thysanocarpus 117
affinis 117
laciniatus 117
ramosus 117
Tibinagua 84
Tidy Tips 289
Tillaea 121
angustlffllia 121
erecta 121
minima 121
Tissa 100
Gevelandi lor
macrotheca loi
salina 100
Tithj'malus 162
dictyospermus 162
leptocerus 163. 385
Toadflax, blue 221
Toadstools 314
Tobacco, Indian 269
Mexican 269
tree 260
wild 269
Tollon 135.
Tomato, wild 217
Toninia 367
aromatica 367
Tortula 307
atrovirens 307
montana 307
Toumey, J. W. 33
Toxicodendron 165
diversilobum 165. 385, 387
Toy on 135
Trask, Blanche 34
Tree, Myrtle i^O
Tremella 336
hitescens 336
mesenterica 33*^
Tremellacese 33^1
Trkmellineales 336
Tricherostigma 163
mi serum 163
'I'richia 337
412 Field Museum of Natural History— Botany, Vol. V
fallax 337
Trichiaceae 337
Trichoderma 332
lignorutn 332
Tricholoma 322
collybiiforme 323
Trichostomum tophaceuiii 30;
Trifolium 142
amplectens 146
bifidum 142
brachyodon 146
catalinae 143
catalinae 142
ciliatum 143
ciliolatum 143
gracilentum 142
insularum 144
macraei 144
melilotus-mdica 141
microcephalum 145
microdon 145
microdon pilostuit 145
Palmeri 143
repens 143
stenophyllum 145
Traskise 144
tridentatum 144
Trigonella americaim 148
Tropaeolaceae 159
Tropaeolum 159
majus 159
Tumbleweed 94
Tuna 179
yellow 179
Turkey Mullein 161
Turpentine-weed 284
Turquoise Flower 213
Turritis lastophylla J 17
Twist-pod 183
Typha 39
angustifolia 39
bracteata 39
latifolia 39, 385
Typhaceae 38
Umbeliferae 184
Uniola spicata 51
Uredinaceae 333
Uredo abdita 33s
Umdinales 333
Uromyces 334
intricatus 334
Junci 334
Loti 334
medicaginis 334
Polygon! 334
toxicodendri 334
Uropappus I in ear if Hits 256
Urtica 79
gracilis holosericca 80
holosericea 80, 385
urens 80
Uticaceae 79
Urticales 79
Usnea 374
ceratina 374
dasypoga 374
scabrata 374
hirta 374
rubiginosa 374
Usneaceae 373
Ustilaginaceae 333
USTILAGINALES 333
Ustilago 333
Lorentziana 333
Uva-Ursi 192
pungens 192
tomentosa 193
Valsa 354
Eucalypti 354
holodiscina 354
Valsaceae 353
Venus' Looking-glass 254
Verbena 235
Family 235
nodiflora 236
prostrata 236, 385
sand 95
Verbenaceae 235
Verrucaria 358
epidermidis fallax 359
margacea papillosa 358
maura 359
Punctiformis 361
rupestris 358
Verrucariaceae 358
Vervain 236
Vetch 152
Vicia 152
exigua 153
V^inca 197
minor 197
Viola 174
pedunculata 174
Violacese 173
Violet 174
Family 173
yellow 174
Virgin's Bower 105
Vitaceae 170
Vitis 170
californica 170
Girdiana 170
Wallace, W. A. 3-t
Walpole, F. A. 34
Watercress 116
W^ater-leaf-family J04
Wheat Grass 61
Wheeler. Mrs. 34
Flora of Santa Catalina Island — Millspaugh & Nlttall 413
Walter 35
Whispering Bells 210
White's Landing 24
Willow, arroya 74
coyote 75
Family 73
herb 182
red 75
white 75
Wishbone Busli 95
Wooton, E. O. 35
Wormwood 275
Xanthium 262
calif ornicum 263
canadense 263
pennsylvanicum 263
spinosum 262
Xanthoria 375
lychnea 375
parte tina 375
polycarpa 375
Xanthoxalis 158
calif ornica 159
Xylaria 357
hypoxylon 357
Xylariaceae 356
Xylococcus 191
bicolor 192
Xylogramma 342
nigerrima 342
Xyridales 70
Yarrow 274
Yerba Buena 238
de Chivato 105
del Golfe 302
del Vibora 187
mansa 73
Santa 238
Zauschneria 180
californica 181
californica micropliylla 181
cana 181
Zosteraceae 40
PLATES II to XIV
(Plate XII faces page 306)
z "^
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
BOTANY, VOL. V, PL. III.
Fig. 1. Pebble Beach,
looking west from point lookout.
Fig. 2. Bird rock.
ship rock in mid-distance beyond,
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
BOTANY, VOL. V, PL. IV.
Fig. 1. Echo Lake.
looking east toward black jack.
Fig. 2. ECHO LAKE.
LOOKING WEST FROM BASE OF BLACK JACK.
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
BOTANY, VOL. V, PL. V.
Fig. 1. Sambucus caerulea Raf
LARGE ELDER TREE ON THE GOLF LINKS.
Fig. 2. ADENOSTOMA FASCICULATUM H. & A.
GREASEWOOD in FLOWER.
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTOROY.
BOTANY, VOL. V, PL. VI.
W(*J(W««««(v*-
FlG. 1. QUERCUS TOMENTELLA Engelm.
ISLAND OAK.
FIG. 2. VALE IN BULRUSH CANYON.
SHOWING GROVE PRINCIPALLY OF ISLAND OAK.
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
BOTANY, VOL. V, PL. VII.
^-^
FIG. 1. Top of Ironwood in bloom.
Fig,
2. Grove in Swain's Canyon. Fiu. 3. Showing jauk uhahauilh.
LYONOTHAMUS FLORIBUNDUS Gray,
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
BOTANY, VOL. V, PL. VIII.
Fig. 1. LAVATERA ASSURGENTIFLORA Kell.
MALVA ROSA, TRANSPLANTED TO BANNING HOUSE, ISTHMUS.
FIG. 2. OPUNTIA MEGACANTHA Srilm-Dyck.
YELLOW TUNA ON RIDGE OF DESCANSO CANYON.
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
BOTANY, VOL. V, PL. IX.
Fig. 1. Coreopsis gigantea Hall.
NIGGER-HEAD AND TUNAS ON BIRD ROCK.
FIG. 2. Coreopsis gigantea Hail.
NIGGER-HEAD IN FULL BLOOM AT THE ISTHMUS.
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. BOTANY, VOL. V, PL. X.
^ A%.^
Fig. 1. SVIDA CATALINENSIS sp. nov.
CATALINA DOGWOOD. TRUNK WITH SHOOTS.
Fig. 2. TRICHOLOMA COLLYBIIFORMIS Murrill.
TRICHOLOMA MUSHROOM.
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. BOTANY, VOL. V, PL. XI.
Fig. 1. STYLOPHYLLUM INSULARE Rose.
ISLAND STONECROP OR LIVE-FOR-EVER.
Fig. 2. LUPINUS HALLII Abrams.
GIANT LUPINE IN FULL FLOWER.
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
BOTANY, VOL. V, PL. XII!.
Fig. 1. COREOPSIS GIGANTEA Hall.
NIGGER-HEAD, IN FRUIT, 7 FEET TALL.
Fig. 2. Bergerocactus Emoryi b. & R.
SNAKE cactus.
m-:v^^ViJk
;'-I'J4',.i#
Fig. 3. Toxicodendron diversilobum Greene.
poison ivy killing oaks in bulrush canyon.
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. V, PL. XIV.
Fig. 1. VITIS GiRDIANA Muns.
WILD GRAPE IN COTTONWOOD CANYON.
Fig. 2. Eriogonum nudum Dougl.
WILD BUCKWHEAT.
LOCALITIES
Avalon
XT.
Ship Rock
-Avalon Valley
;«,
Ir^nwood Gully
Kl.
Catalina Harbor
Beacon St Canyon
4(1.
Ballast Point
Golf Links Canyon
41.
Fourth o'july
Big Wash Canyon
4'2.
Cherry Valley
Rock Spring: Canyon
4;!.
Howland's
Eock Falls Canyon
44.
Johnson's ,
Chicken Johnny's
4h,
Parson's
Piedi-a Esealera Canyon
415.
Silver Peak
Equestnan Trail
47,
Mt, Torquemada
Nolava Canyon
4K.
Pebble Beach Read
49,
Pebble Beach
Sage Canyon
Wl.
Pebble Beach Canyon
t>\.
Lookout Point
Wi.
Jewfish Point
fH.
Seal Rocks
Trail to Black Jack
M.
Upper Pebble BeacTl
Road
Echo Lake
55.
Ml Washington
Hay Press Chute
m.
Mt Martha
Middle Eanch Canyon
OT.
Mt. Shatto
w.
Mt. Wilson
Middle Ranch
59.
Descanso Canyon
Eagle's Nest
m.
Haimlton Canyon
Black Jack
<ii.
Cherry Canyon
fi'^.
Rattlesnake Canyon
Cottonwood Canyon
ra.
Gallagher's Canyon
Little Harbor
a.
Banning's Canyon
Silver Knob
(15.
White's Landing and
Mt, Viscaino
Swains Canyon
Bulrush Canyon
m.
Moonstone Beach
Isthmus
Kl.
Long Point
Isthmus Harbor
(iX
Empire Landing
Fisherman's Cove
Kit.
Salta Verde Ridge
Bird Rock
■M.
Buh-ush Ridge
SANTA CATALINA ISLAND
— California —
Map Compiled to Accompany
MILLSPAUGHafNUTTALLS FLORA
Field Museum of Natural His tory
QhiCQQO
Sca/e. of- Miizs
— L
