zi *
EER ELAM EA ATE
’ WARES ce WROD CY a Cm TS
M WESLEY & Son,
Uers & Publishers, —
: treet, Strand,
Beddome, R. H., The flora sylvatica for Southern
India. . . .accompanied by a botanical manual, etc.
The complete work forms two volumes; un-
fortunately neither has a dated title-page or partic-
ulars of issue. The main work consists of plates
each illustrating a single species and accompanied
by a page of descriptive text (with arabic pagina-
tion) but there is also an independently paged
‘Forester’s Manual of Botany for Southern India’
(with Roman pagination) giving a survey of families
and keys to genera and plates, illustrating the
‘Analysis of Genera’, each plate with floral details
of two to eight genera. The following particulars
have been taken from a copy at the Royal Botanic
Gardens, Kew, which has the original wrappers
preserved and their contents noted. No contempo-
_ rary reviews have been noticed (W. T. STEARN in
litt.).
Parts Pages Plates Dates
1-3 1-36 1-36 1869
4-6 37-72, 37-72, 1870
F.M. i-xvii An.Gen. 1-2
7-14 73-168, 73-168, 1871
F.M. An.Gen. 3-11
Xix—IXxxii
15-24 169-288, 169-288, 1872
F.M. An.Gen. 12-22
Ixxxili-clxix
25-27 289-325 289-325 1873
(326, 3272), (326, 3272),
F.M. An.Gen. 23-27 bis
cIxxi-CCXxxvi
28 (326, 327?) 328-330 1873
328-330, (late)
F.M. cxxxyvi or 1874
(of Add.) (early)
—CXXXVill
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cats THE
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i \
DORA SYLVAPICA
FOR
POUTHERN INDIA:
CONTAINING QUARTO PLATES OF ALL THE PRINCIPAL TIMBER TREES IN SOUTHERN INDIA
AND CEYLON, ACCOMPANIED BY A BOTANICAL MANUAL, WITH DESCRIPTIONS
OF EVERY KNOWN TREE AND SHRUB, AND ANALYSIS OF EVERY
GENUS NOT FIGURED IN THE PLATES,
BYU
MAJOR RYH BEDDOME
sa a
MINSY ty oS
ery
o>
AA ZZGS |,
ona Museum: Z $
Sa “7
enna
Hladyas:
PRINTED BY GANTZ BROTHERS,
AT THE ADELPHI PRESS, MOUNT ROAD.
TO THE TREES AND SHRUBS
INDEX
FIGURED, ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THEIR
NATURAL ORDERS.
(The Italics are Synonyms.)
ORDER I—DILLENIACEA.
i, Dillenia speciosa.
o bracteata
“5 pentagyna
3. Wormia bracteata
4, Michelia Nilagirica,
or
Bocagea Daizellii, Anal. Pl. I. fig. 4,
Sagerea Dalzelii, Anal. Pl. I, fig. 4.
6. Popowia Beddomeana, Anal. Pl. I. fig. 2.
Popowia ramosissima, Anal. Pl. I. fig. 2.
Goniothalamus Wightii, Anal. Pl. I. fig. 3.
de
8. Mitrephora grandiflora.
9. Xylopia parviflora.
Tab.
: cli.
CxXv.
7 aC LV
6 cxv,
II.— MAGNOLIACE&,
a <6 op baht
III.—ANONACEA,
5 see AXXVs
on aie ., ¢lXxil,
10. 25 Championii, Anal, Pl. I. fig. 5.
11. Cyathocalyx Zeylanicus, Anal. Pl. I, fig, 6,
12. Unona Lawii, Anal. Pl. I. fig, 1.
13. Polyalthia cerasoides,
14, 5D longifolia.
165. a coffeoides,
16, 5 fragrans,
Guatteria. See Polyalthia
ws» XXXViil.
17. Pheanthus Malabaricus, Anal. Pl. L. fig. 7.
18. Saccopetalum tomentosum.
19, Miliusa velutina
20, Alphonsea Madrasapatana
21. Orophea erythrocarpa, Anal. Pl. I. fig. 8.
is)
bo
Cocculus cordifolius, Anal. Pl. II. fig. 1.
23, Berberis Nepalensis, Anal, Pl. II. fig. 2.
Berberis Leschenaultii, Anal. Pl. II. fig. 2.
Mahonia. See Berberis,
24, Capparis stylosa, Anal. Pl, II. fig. 3.
25; Crateva religiosa,
26, Moringa pterygosperma,
ye LEX,
ord Ixxiy.
ose XXXIX.
ase) XXXyil.
ono Ixxvi.
1V.—MENISPERMACEZ,
V.—BERBERIDACEA,
VI. —CAPPARIDACEA,
wn 520 exyi.
V1I.—MORINGACEZ,
> vv» JERE,
9? ex
il
VII-A.—VIOLACE,
27. Alsodeia Zeylanica. an te
VIII.—BIXINEA.
28. Cochlospermum gossypium. ae ane)
29. Bixa Orellana.
30. Scolopia crenata.
Phoberos. See Scolopia.
31. Erythrospermum phytolaccoides, Anal. Pl. 11. fig. 6.
32. Flacourtia inermis, Anal. Pl. II. fig. 4.
33. “5 sapida, Anal. Pl. II. fig. 4.
34, ns sepiaria, Anal. Pl. XXIY, fig. 4.2 only
35. Aberia Gardneri, Anal. Pl, II. fig. 5.
Roumea hebecarpa, Anal. Pl. 11. fig. 5.
36. Trichadenia Zeylanica, Anal. Pl. II. fig. 7.
37. Hydnocarpus alpina. 000 ve
37a. Asteriastigma macrocarpa.
IX-—PITTOSPOREA.
38, Pittosporum tetraspermum, Anal, Pl, II. fig. 8.
X.—POLYGALEA.
39. Xanthophyllum angustifolium, Anal. Pi. III. fig, 2.
40. 15 virens, Anal. PI. III. fig. 2.
41. 2» Arnottianum, Anal. Pl. ITT. fig. 2.
XI.—TAMABISCINEZ.
42, Tamarix ericoides, Anal. P1. III. fig. 1.
Trichaurus. See Tamarix.
XII.—GUTITIFERA.
43. Garcinia Cambogia ons an
44, ,, = Morella. Bs
45, a) pictoria. wie ob
46. o Travancorica.
Garcinia papilla SG ax
47, Xanthochymus pictorius. tea boo
Stalagmites. See Xanthochymus.
48, Ochrocarpus longifolius. 0 on
Calysaccion longifoliwm. or
Mammea. See Ochrocarpus.
49. Calophyllum elatum bo 30
50. n Wightianum. nie
Calophyllum decipiens. 500
Calophyllum spurium, oo fe
51. Kayea stylosa,
52, Mesua Coromandelina, oe
Hebradendron Cambogioides, eo
XIII.—TERNSTRAMIACE.
53, Ternstremia gymnanthera
Cleyera gymnanthera 095
54, Adinandra lasiopetala, Anal, Pl, FT. fig, 3,
Cleyera lasiopetala, Anal, Pl. III, fig. 3,
Sarosanthera lasiopetaia, Anal, Pl, III. fig. 3,
55, Eurya Japonica, ve
Eurya Wightiana E
56, Gordonia obtusa, ooo oo
Gordonia parvifolia, ae
57. Peciloneuron Indicum 000
58, 0 pauciflorum an
XIV.—DIPTEROCARPE.
59. Dipterocarpus Indicus ave
60, Vatica Roxburghiana a0 ins
oo
celxxi.
lxxix.
Ix xviii.
XXvii..
cclxvi.
Xcii.
Xcii.
Ixxxiii.
Ixxxiii,
iii.
xciii.
xciv.
XCY.
ne
61,
80,
100.
101.
102.
103,
Vatiew Tambagaia
Vatica laccifera ae ne
Shorea robusta. a
>, Tambagaia ce con
», laccifera 5 orn
Hopea parviflora ee a
» Wightiana co a0
Doona Zeylanica 5
» Gardneri
Vateria Malabarica ee
Vateria Indica
Stemonoporus Gardneri
op acuminatus OG occ
Monoporandra cordifolia ro rot
Balanocarpus utilis. +e ne
1 erosa oc Be
XV.—MALYACEA,
Kydia calycina, Anal, Pl. III. fig. 5.
Kydia fraterna, Anal, Pl. II. fig. 5.
Kydia axillaris, Anal. Pl. 111. fig. 6.
Julostyles angustifolia, Anal. PJ. III. fig: 4.
Dicellostyles axillaris, Anal. Pl. III. fig. 6.
Hibiscus tiliaceous, Anal. Pl. IV. fig. 1.
Thespesia populnea
Bombax Malabaricum eee 30
Salmalia Malabarica “0 ens
Bombax heptaphylla. oo
Eriodendron anfractuosum, Anal, Pl. IV, fig. 2.
Cullenia excelsa, Anal. Pl. IV. fig. 3.
XVI.—STERCULIACER.
Sterculia guttata ...
a Haynii ono
Heritiera littoralis, Anal. Pl. XI. fig. 6.
oO Papilio at
Kleinhovia hospita, Anal. Pl. LV. fig. 4.
Helicteres Isora, Anal. Pl. V. fig. 1.
Pterospermum rubiginosum ee
Eriolcena, Hookeriana, Anal. Pl. V. fig 2.
” quinquelocularis, Anal. Pl. V. fig. 2.
Microclena quinquelocularis, Anal. Pl. Y. fig. 2.
Melochia velutina, Anal. Pl. V. fig. 3. ge
Visenia umbellata, Anal. Pl, V. fig. 3.
Abroma angusta, Anal. Pl. V. fig. 4.
Guazuma tomentosa
XVII.—TILIACEA,
Pityranthe verrucosa ve oo
Berrya Ammonilla 60 a0
Grewia tilizfolia
Leptonychia moaccuroides 05
Erinocarpus Nimmonii 00
Eleocarpus amznus cro Bn
ty ferrugineus Ap 5p
” tuberculatus 60 OG
” venustus an aes
Monocera tuberculata
Monocera ferruginea 00 50
XVIII.—LINEZ.
Erythroxylon Indicum oD oro
Sethia Indica. 6 do
X1X,—GERANIACEA,
Ayerrhoa Bilimbi “0 os
Tab.
vii.
Xcvi.
xvii.
Xcyili.
lxxxiv.
lxxxiy.
xXcix.
c.
ci.
CcCxxx-
ccex xix.
Ixiii.
Ixxxii.
lxxxii.
lxxxii.
cy.
CCXXX,
ccxyiil.
evi.
cyii.
cix.
lviii-
CViii«
cxiv.
cx.
cxi.
cxii.
exiili.
clxxiv.
xiii,
cxii.
104,
105.
106.
107.
108,
109.
10.
111.
112,
113,
114,
115.
116.
117.
118,
119.
120.
121.
122,
123.
124,
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.
130,
iV
XX.—RUTACEA.
Melicope Indica, Anal. Pl. VI. fig. 1.
Eyodia triphylla, Anal. Pl. VI. fig, 2.
Fagara triphylla, Anal. Pl. VI. fig. 2.
Xanthoxylum triphyllum, Anal. Pl. VI, fig, 2.
Xanthoxylum Rhetsa, Anal. Pl. VI. fig. 3.
a ovalifolium, Anal. Pl. VI. fig. 3.
Acronychia pedunculata, Anal. Pl. V1. fig. 4,
Cyminosma pedunculata, Anal. Pl. VI. fig. 4.
Toddalia aculeata, Anal. Pl. VI. fig. 5.
Glycosmis pentaphylla, Anal. Pl. VI. fig. 6.
Micromelum pubescens, Anal. Pl. VII. fig. 1.
Murraya exotica, Anal. Pl. VIL. fig. 2.
Clausena Willdenoyii, Anal. Pl. VII. fig. 3-
Limonia alata, Anal. Pl. VII. fig. 4.
Atalantia monophylla, Anal. Pl. VII. fig. 5.
Sclerostylis. See Atalantia. \
Citrus sp., Anal. P]. VII. fig. 6.
Feronia elephantum
gle marmelos 00
XXI.—SIMARUBE.
Ailanthus Malabarica oo
Samadera Indica, Anal. Pl. VIII. fig. 1.
Balanites Hgyptiaca, Anal, Pl. VIII. fig. 2.
XXII.—_OCHNACE.
Ochna squarrosa, Anal. Pl. VIII, fig. 3.
Gomphia angustifolia, Anal. Pl. VIII. fig. 4,
XXIITI.—BURSERACEA.
Boswellia glabra on
Garuga pinnata on
Balsamodendron Berryi
Protium caudatum o
Protium Gileadense an
Canarium brunneum .
5 strictum
Filicium decipiens
Rhus decipiens
Pteridophyllum. See Filicium.
Amyris Gileadensis
XXIV.—MELIACEZ.
Melia composita ...
Melia Azadirachta
», Azedarach
Azadirachta. See Melia.
Mallea Rothii, Anal. Pl, VIII. fig. 5.
Ekebergia. See Mallea,
Dysoxylon macrocarpum ee
Sandoricum Indicum
Aglaia Roxburghiana
Amoora Ronituka ee
9 Lawii
Miinea. See Aglaia.
Nemedra. See Aglaia.
Nimmonia. See Amoora.
Lansium Anamallayanum oo
Walsura piscidia, Anal. Pl, VIII. fig. 6.
Heynea affinis
Heynea trijuga eo
Beddomea simplicifolia
Carapa Moluccensis ee
Xylocarpus granatum re
CEI.
elxi.
CXXil.
«se (CXXI1Y~
cyiii.
ote eae) (CXXVIS
CXXY-
axe «ss CNXVie
CxxVii.
ae «» cexxvili & Anal. Pl, XVIII.
Cxxix.
CXXIX«
OG wee CXXVie
cl.
cecexix.
CXEX.
CXxxii.
CXExiil,
SCC RX XG.
CXXxiy.
co See
ew CXXXYV-
CXXXYVie
CXEXYL
te ete
ag
re
145,
146.
147.
148.
149,
178,
179.
180,
181,
182.
183,
184,
Soymida febrifuga
Chickrassia tabularis
Cedrela toona
Chloroxylon Swietenia
XXV.—CHAILLETIACES,
Chailletia gelonioides, Anal. Fl. IX. fig. 1.
Moacurra gelonioides, Anal. Pl. 1X, fig. 1.
XXVI.—OLACINEA.
Olax Wightiana, Anal. Pl. IX. fig. 2.
Strombosia Ceylanica
Anacolosa densiflora
Opilia amentacea, Anal. Pl. IX. fig. 3.
Spherocarya leprosa
Lasianthera apicaulis
Urandra. See Lasianthera.
Gomphandra coriacea, Anal. PJ. IX. fig. 4.
Platea. See Gomphandra;
Apodytes Benthamiana
Mappia foetida
Stemonurus fetidus
XXVII.—ILICINEZ,
Ilex denticulata
»» Malabarica
>, Wightiana
XX VIII.—CELASTRINEA.
Euonymus crenulatus
Glyptopetalum zeylanicum, Anal, Pl. 1X. fig. 5.
Microtropis ramiflora, Anal. Pl, IX. fig. 6,
Lophopetalum Wightianum
Kokoona zeylanica
Pleurostylia Wightii, Anal. Pl. X. fig. 1.
Celastrus Senegalensis, Anal. Pl. X. fig. 2.
Celastrus montana, Anal. Pl. X. fig. 2.
Kurrimia Ceylanica
95 Indica
Trochisandra Indica
Elzodendron Roxburghii
Neerija. See Eleodendron.
Hippocratea Arnottiana, Anal. Pl. X. fig.3.
Salacia oblonga, Anal. Pl. X. fig, 4.
XXIX.—RHAMNEZ.
Zizyphus jujuba
Colubrina Asiatica, Anal. Pl, X. fig. 5.
Rhamnus hirsutus, Anal. Pl. X. fig. 6,
Scutia Indica, Anal. Pl. XI. fig. 1.
XXX.—SAPINDACEA,
Hemigyrosa canescens
#5 deficiens
Schmidelia hispida
Schleichera trijuga
Glenniea zeylanica
Sapindus emarginatus
Sapindus unijugus
Ornitrophe. See Schmidelta
Allophyllus. See Schmidelia
Cupania canescens
Nephelium stipulaceum
Pometia eximea
Euphoria Longana
Scytale Longana
oe
Cx)
CXXXVii.
CXXxXYiil.
CXXXVIi.
CXXXIx.
xl.
xii.
esi.
cxlii.
exliil.
exiii,
exliv.
exlv,
exlyi.
exlvii.
CXX.
CkX.
exlyiii.
exlix.
cli.
CCXXEI
clii.
cxix.
cliii.
cliv.
cliii.
cli.
cly.
elvii.
clvi.
clvi.
185.
186.
187.
188.
189.
490.
191.
492,
193.
194,
195.
196,
197.
198.
199.
200.
201,
202.
203.
204,
205,
206.
207.
208.
209.
210.
211.
212.
213.
214.
215.
216.
217.
218.
219.
220.
221,
222.
223,
224.
225.
226.
227.
228.
229,
Dimocarpus Longanc
Nephelium Longane sie
Harpullia imbricata
Dodoncea viscosa, Anal, Pl. XI. fig. 2.
Dodonea Burmaniana, Anal. Pl. XI. fig, 2.
Turpinia Nepalensis nee
Streptostigma. See Harpullia.
Otonychium. See Harpullia.
Lecemanthus. See Pometia.
XXXI--SABIACEZ.
Meliosma Arnottiana
» pungens ots
Millingtonia Arnottiana
XXXII—ANACARDIACEZ,
Rhus Mysorensis, Anal. Pl. XI. fig. 3.
Mangifera Indica
Anacardium occidentale oo
Gluta Travancorica oe
Nothopegia Colebrookiana ono
Glycicarpus. See Nothopegia,
Buchanania latifolia oo =
Solenocarpus Indica se a0
Odina Wodier ... on bo
Semecarpus Anacardium a iS
A Travancorica, ans) 03
Holigarna longifolia oo ns
Campnosperma Zeylanica, us ie
Spondias mangifera
XXXIII.—CONNARACEA.
Rourea santaloides, Anal. Pl. XI. fig. 4.
Connarus pinnatus, Anal, Pl, XI. fig. 5
Hillipanthus unifoliatus 0
XXXIV,—LEGUMINOSA.
Jndigofera pulchella, Anal. Pl. XII. fig. 1.
Mundulea suberosa, Anal. Pl. XII. fig. 2.
Robinia suberosa, Anal. Pl. XII- fig. 2.
Tephrosia suberosa, Anal. Pl. XII. fig. 2.
Sesbania Agyptiaca, Anal. Pl. XII. fig, 3.
Ougeinia dalbergioides
Desmodium cephalotes, Anal, Pl. XII. i 4,
Erythrina stricta
p Indica
Butea frondosa ...
Dalbergia latifolia,
H Sissoo
Dalbergia Mooniana
Pterocarpus marsupium
5 santalinus oo
9 indicus
Pongamia glabra
Calpurnia aurea, Anal. Pl. XII. fig. 5
Virgilia aurea, Anal, Pl. XII. fig.
Sophora interrupta, Anal. Pl. XII. re 6.
Ormosia Travancorica
Pericopsis Mooniana on
Czesalpinia Sapan, Anal. Pl, XII. fig. 1.-
Acrocarpus fraxinifolius te
Poinciana elata
Parkinsonia aculeata, Anal, Pl. XIII. fig. 2.
Cassia florida oi 60 oe
Cassia Roxburghit
te
Tub
olvi.
elvi.
elviii.
clix.
clx.
elx,
clx.
elxii.
elxiii.
Ix:
elxiy.
elxy-
CCXXxiil.
Cx xiii.
elxvi.
CCxxxii,
elxyii.
elxviii.
elxix,
elx=.
XXXVI.
clxxv.
elxxv-
elxxvi.
XXiy.
XXV.
elsxxvii.
XX.
XXiL
X3lil-
clxxyil-
xiy.
elXXxXyil.
liv.
el=xvill.
elxxix.
clxxx,
Dialium oyoideum Sb os
Bauhinia racemosa 55 a
Humboldtia unijuga
Tamarindus Indica ary i
Saraca Indica ae ve
Tonesia ASocd 2.» Ac “ec
Crudia Zeylanica me Sn
- Hardwickia binata
5 pinnata eas
Cynometra ramiflora ve 23
¥) cauliflora aan oe
SS Travancorica aco ay
Adenanthera payoninga aD
Prosopis spicigera an
Dichrostachys cinerea
Xylia dolabriformis op:
Inga xylocarpa a0
acacia Arabica ea
>, leucophlea _ a as
> Catechu <5 aD
» sundra oo os
5» ferruginea :
>, farnesiana x 45
Acacia speciosa es 09
Acacia odoratissima
Acacia stipulata are #8
Acacia amara ay ag
Albizzia Lebbeck oie ase
op odoratissima, aa! Aer
Albizzia stipulata.. a6 os
ap amara ».» oo ¥
Albizzia speciosa ... oe ae
Pithecolobium dulce ny os
of Anamalayanum 5 AS
Calliandra cynometroides oY a.
XXXV.—ROSACEA,
Parinarium Indicum ti =
Pygeum Ceylanicum “70 te
Pygevin acuminatum on oe
Polyodontia. See Pygeum.
Cotoneaster buxifolia, Anal, Pl, XIII. fig. 3,
Photinia Notoniana oe “10
XXXVI.—RHIZOPHORACEA,
Rhizophora mucronata, Anal. Pl. XIII. fig. 4.
Rhizophora candelaria, Anal. Pl. XIII. fig. 4,
Ceriops Candolleana, Anal. Pl, XIII. fig. 5.
Karndelia Rheedii, Anal. PJ. XIII. fig. 6.
Bruguiera Rheedii, Anal. Pl. XIV. fig. 1.
Carallia integerrima 90 is
Weihea Zeylanica... an ay
Anstrutheria. See Weihea.
Blepharistemma corymbosa, Anal. Pl. XIV. fig. 2.
Anisophyllea Zeylanica o° +P
Tetracrypta. See Anisophyllea.
XXXVII,—COMBRETACEZ,
Terminalia tomentosa 60 cet
“6 paniculata ae
59 Arjuna te one
cy) Belerica 40 eae
59 catappa oe oe
C6) chebula aoe
Terminalia glabra on “oe
Terminalia corvacea o rif:
Tab.
elxxxi.
e1Xxxii.
clXxxiii.
elxxXiv.
lyii.
lyii.
exe.
Xxyvi.
cecly.
eccxy.
cccxy.
CCCXY 1.
xlyi,
lvi.
celXXXV.
clXxXVi.
elxxxvi.
xlyii.
slviii,
xlix.
aL
li.
lin
lili.
liv.
lv.
lx
lili.
liv,
ly.
lxi.
liji.
elxxxviii,
clxxxix,
Cccxvil,
CXCi.
lix.
lix.
exci,
eXCiil.
exciv.
CXCvV.
Xvii.
XViil.
EXViil.
276.
277,
278.
279.
280.
281.
282.
283.
284.
285.
286.
287.
305.
306.
307.
308.
309.
310.
311.
Anogeissus latifolius oo nb
a acuminatus +e ap
Conocarpus latifolius ocr a
Conocarpus acuminatus nee
Lumnitzera racemosa, Anal. Pl, KXI. fig. 2,
Gyrocarpus Jacquini oe
XXXVIIM.—MYRTACEA,
Rhodomyrtus tomentosus, Anal, Pl. XIV. fig. 3.
Engenia jambolana oe
>, Malabarica
D alternifolia
a Zeylanica ve
D cylindrica cca
5 hemispherica
Bs floccosa
Syzygium jambolanum
Syzygium alternifolium ron xp
Acmene zeylanica C00 D0
Jambosa cylindrica +
Strongylocalyx henispharica oD
Barringtonia acutangula ary
Careya arborea
XXXIX.—MELASTOMACEA.
Memecylon umbellatum ss
op capitellatum
XL.—_LYTHRARIEA,
Woodfordia tomentosa, Anal. Pl. XIV. fig. 4.
Grislea tomentosa, Anal. Pl. XIV. fig. 4.
Pemphis acidula, Anal. Pl. XIV. fig. 5.
Maclellandia Grifithiana, Anal. Pl. XIV. fig. 5.
Lawsonia alba, Anal. Pl. XIV. fig. 6.
Lagerstroemia Regine ood noe
90 microcarpa one be
5 parviflora ey
lanceolata an
Sonneratia acida, Anal. Pl, XY. fig. 1.
Axinandra Zeylanica on ob
XLIL—SAMYDACEA.
Casearia varians we A
Osmelia Gardneri oe
Homalium Ceylanicum oe
Homalium Trayancoricum ocd ond
Blackwellia tetrandra nfs
Cordylanthus. See Homalium
XLII.L—DATISCEA.
Tetrameles nudiflora
Tetrameles Grahamiana ee ce
XLITI.—ARALIACEA,
Aralia Malabarica, Anal. Pl. XV. fig. 2.
Pentapanax Leschenaultii, Anal. Pl, XY. fig. 3.
Polyscias acuminata ose
Heptapleurum racemosum 200 a
Hedera acuminata oe es
Hedera racemosa
XLIV.—CORNACE,
Alangium Lamarckii oto oe
Alangium decapetalum et
Alangium hewapetalum on te
Tab.
xy.
Xvi.
XV.
Xvi.
cxcyi.
cXeVii.
cCXcix.
eXceviii.
ccli.
cci.
eciil.
ce.
cx¢vil.
cXcyiil.
ecii.
ceci.
cecil.
cciy.
ecv and Anal. Pl. XVIII. fig. 2,
ccvi.
ccyi.
ccyiil.
ecix.
cCxX.
ccexl.
eck.
ccxii.
ceXil.
ecXiii-
ccxiv.
ecXiil.
eeXiy.
CCX Vs
cexy-
ccXy,
312,
313.
314,
347,
348,
Mastixia arborea
Bursinopetalum arboreum
Bursinopetaum tetrandrum
XIV.—CAPRIFOLIACEA.
Lonicera ligustrina, Anal. Pl, XV, fig, 5
Viburnum punctatum oe
Viburnum acuminatum
XLVI.—RUBIACES.
Sareocephalus cordatus fe
auclea cadamba. See Anthocephalus.
Adina cordifolia
Naucla cordifolia. See Adina,
Stephegyne parvifolia ox
Nauclea parvifolia. See Stephegyne.
Anthocephalus cadambus 26
Nauclea elliptica, Anal, Pl, XXIX, te 3.
WNauclea coadunata 5
Hymenodyction oboyatum
sp utile a
Wendlandia Notoniana %
Byrsophyllum tetrandrum os
Gardenia lucida, Anal. XY. fig. 6.
5 turgida, Anal. Pl. XV, fig. 6,
Randia dumetorum, Anal, Pl. XVI. fig. 1.
uliginosa, Anal, Pl. XVI. fig, 1.
2
. Nargedia macrocarpa
Webera Asiatica, Anal, Pl. XVI. fig, 2
Stylocoryne Webera, Anal. Pl. XVI, fig 2-
Diplospora apiocarpa nb
Discospermum apiocarpum
Musseenda frondosa, Anal. Pl. XVI. fig. 3
Urophyllum Zeylanicum, Anal. Pl. XVI. fig.
Axanthes zeylanica, Anal. Pl. XVI. fig, 5.
Txora parviflora ase
Pavetta involucrata, Anal. Pl. XXIX. fe. 6.
Coffea Arabica, Anal. Pl, XVIII. fig. 1.
Scyphiphora Malayana, Anal. Pl. XX1X, fig. 5.
Timonius jambosella, Anal. Pl. XYI. fig. 4
Dichilanthe Zeylanica, Anal, Pl, XY. fig. 4
Guettarda speciosa, Anal. Pl. XVII. fig. 2,
Seyphostachys coffeoides, Anal, Pl. XVI, fig, 6.
Plectronia didyma cco
Canthium. See Plectronia,
Canthium umbellatum
Morinda citrifolia
Prismatomeris albidiflora, Anal. Pl. XXIX. fig. 4,
Lasianthus venulosus, Anal. Pl, XVII. fig, 5,
Mephitidea. See Lasianthus.
Hamiltonia suaveolens, Anal. Pl, XVII. fig, 3.
Psychotria elongata, Anal. Pl, XVII. fig. 6.
Saprosma Wightii, Anal. Pl, XVII, fig. 4
or
. Octotropis Trayancorica on
Grumilea. See Psychotria.
Dysodidendron. See Saprosma.
Epithinia, See Scyphiphora.
Serissa, See Saprosma.
WNelitris jambosella, Anal. Pl. XVI. fig, 4
Lupyrena glabra, Anal. Pl. XVI. fig. 4.
Griffithia. See Randia.
XLVIT,—COMPOSITA,
Vernonia volkamerixfolia A0
Vernonia Wightiana Bs
Wonosis, See Vernonia,
Tab.
cexvi.
CCXYi.
CCXYi,
ecXvii,
cexyil.
eceXYiil,
Xxxill, and Anal, Pl, XXIX, fig, 2.
XXXiy. and Anal, Pl, XXIX, fig, 1.
XXXv.
eccX viii,
Cexix.
ceXix.
CCXXiv,
CCCXXYi.
CCOXXVIii.
ceXXiiz.
CCXXili.
COXXil.
C@XxXi,
Ccxxi,
es CCXX,
CCCXXYil.
cexXy,
CCxxvi,
349,
Vaccinium Leschenaultii
XLVIII.—ERICACHA.
Gualtheria fragrantissima, Anal. Pl, XIX. fig. 1.
Gualtheria Leschenaultit, Anal, Pl. XIX. fig. 1.
Rhododendron arboreum
Mesa Indica, Anal. Pl. &
XLIX,—MYRSINEA,
Embelia robusta, Anal. Pl, XIX. fig. 2a
Myrsine capitellata
Ardisia amplexicaulis, Anal. Pl. XVIII. fix. 8
Aigiceras majus, Anal. Pl, XIX. fig. 3,
Bassia latifolia
yD longifolia
aD elliptica
op neriifolia
59 petiolaris
op grandis
Isonandra acuminata
Dasyaulus. See Bassia.
Dichopsis. See Bassia.
Mimusops elengi
Achras elengioides
Sapota elengioides
Chrysophyllum Roxburghii
Diospyz0s ebenum
2
Tupru
exsculpta
melanoxylon
Wightiana
foliolosa
calycina
embryopteris
Himbryopteris glutinosa
Maba oblongifolia, Anal. Pl, XXI. ae a
Macreightia oblongifolia, Anal. Pl. XXI, fig: 1,
Maba buxifolia, Anal. Pl, X1X. fig. 4
Symplocos Gardneriana
oligandra, Anal. Pl. XX. fg. 1.
29
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
Olea glandulifera
Ligustrum Perottetti, Ang|. Pl. XIX. fig. 5.
Chionanthus intermedia
th)
Malabarica
L.—SAPOTACE #
ou
LI.—EBENACEZ.
LIT.—_STYRACEA.
LIII.—JASMINEA.
LIV.-APOCYNES,
Willughbeia Ceylanica, Anal. Pi, XX. fig. 4.
Ophioxylon densiflorum, Anal. Pl. 2X. fig. 2
Ophiouylon Neilgherriense, Anal. Pl. XX. fig. 2
Carissa carandas, Anal. Pl. XIX. fig. 6.
Hunteria Zeylanica oot
Alysia Ceylanica, Anal. PJ. XX. fig. 5
Wrightia tinctoria
Alstonia scholaris
. Tabernamontana verticellata, Anal. Pl. XX. fig. 3.
Holarrhena antidysenterica, Anal. Pl. EX, fig. 6,
Tab.
oF +s CCEXVIi
CCXXViii.
0 ee ««. CCKXXiv.
oe ,.. CCEXXY.
CCEXXY-
CCEXXVi.
lav.
ae so) UMA
eee xivre
Isvil.
onc vo pe VAI
lxviii.
Ixyiii.
coe mos beso
lxix.
or ‘= CCXXXVii-
cexl.
coe «. CCEXXViii-
cCXXNixX.
CCXXNix.
cclxy.
eexli.
ee ccxlii.
589.
390.
391,
392,
41G,
41.
412.
418.
414,
415,
416.
417.
423,
LY.—LOGANIACEA.
Strychnos nux-yomica
Buddleia Asiatica, Anal. Pl. XXI. fig. e
Fagraa Coromandelina aes
Gertnera Kenigii, Anal. Pl. XXI. fig, 3.
LVI.—BORAGINEA.
Cordia Wallichii obs cts
» myxa reo ae
Ehretia levis
LYII.~-SALVADOREZ
Salvadora Wightiana co fe
LVIII.—BIGNONIACE A.
Bignonia xylocarpa 36 an
Millingtonia hortensis
Spathodea falcata
Stereospermum chelonoides occ oe
Pajanelia Rheedii, Anal. Pl, XXI, BS
Schrebera swietenioides on Ae
LIX.—VERBENACEA,
Vitex altissima oie an
Gmelina arborea
Premna tomentosa 0 ate
Callicarpa lanata, Anal. P]. KX XI. fig. 6
Clerodendron infortunatum, Anal. Pl. XXII. fig, 1.
Tectona grandis ow
Avicennia officinalis, Anal. Pl. XXII. “fe.
LX.—NYCTAGINE,
Pisonia aculeata, Anal, Pl. XXII, fig. 3.
LXI.—MYRISTICEA.
Myristica laurifolia
a magnifica
Malabarica
Ba Parquhariana
2D corticosa cor
Knema. See Myristica.
Pyrrhosia. See Myristica.
Horsfieldia. See Myristica.
22
LXII.—MONIMIACE &,
Hortonia floribunda, Anal. Pl. KXV. fig. 3
LXIII.—PROTEACES.
Helicia robusta too or
LXIV.—THYMELZACEZ.
Wikstreemia virgata, Anal. Pl. XXV. fig. 4.
Lasiosiphon eriocephalus, Anal. Pl. XXV, fig. 2,
Gnidia eriocephalus, Anal. Pl. XXV. fig. 2.
Cansjera Rheedii, Anal. Pl. XXVI. ee 6.
Gyrinops Walla . ede
Phaleria cauliflora, Anal. Pl. XXY. fig. 5
Drymispermum, See Phaleria.
LXV.—ELHZAGNACE,
Hleagnus latifolia, Anal, Pl. XXY, fig. 1.
Tab.
eexliii.
cexliv.
es ¢€cxly.
cexlv.
+. cexlvi.
cexlvii.
Ary tbs
cexlix.
Ixxi.
Be eb:d:8 4
ceexlyiii
eclii.
ecliii.
ecli,
cel,
celxvii.
cel Xviil.
celxix,
eclxx.
eclXxi.
ecelil.
449.
452.
453.
td
i=s
LXVI.—SANTALACEA.
Pyrularia Wallichiana a £e0
Santalum album
Osyris arborea, Anal. Pl. XX VI. fig. 6. AN
LXVII.—SALICACEA.
Salix tetrasperma dns ore
LXVIIL—LAURACEA.
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum
Apollonias Arnotii
Phosbe Wightii 090
Haasia Wightii o.
Machilus macrantha
Alseodaphne semicarpifolia
Beilschmiedia fagifolia
Cryptocarya Wightiana 90
Tetranthera Wightiana
Cylicodaphne. See Tetranthera.
Lepidadenia. See Tetranthera.
Actin aphne salicina
xD Hookeri
99 angustifolia
Litsoa zeylanica “7 “0
Hernandia peltata cor ce
LXIX.—EUPHORBIACE A.
Actephila excelsa, Anal. Pl. XXIII. fig. 3
Anomopsermum. See Actephila.
Phyllanthus emblica
5) Indicus, Anal. Pl. XXIV. it 6.
Emblica officinalis ,
Prosorus India, Anal. Pl. XXIV. fig. 6.
Glochidion Neilgherriense
Breynia rhamnoides, Anal. Pl. XXIV. “fe. 2
Melanthesa. See Breynia.
Putranjiva Roxburghii
op Zeylanica
Palenga. Sce Putranjiva.
Securinega leucopyrus, Anal. Pl. XXIY. fig. 4 & only
Flueggia. See Securinega.
Mischodon Zeylanicus oe +.
Baccaurea sapida we
Pierardia. See Baccaurea.
Bischoffia Javanica oe Of
Andrachne. See Bischoftia.
Stylodiscus. See Bischoffia.
Microelus. See Bischoffia.
Hemicyclia elata bo
Cyclostemon macrophyllus 200 te
Sphragidia. See Cyclostemon,
Aporosa Lindleyana
Seepa Lindleyana. See Aporosa.
Antidesma Bunius, Anal. Pl. XXIV. fig. 3-
Briedelia retusa
Briedelia spinosa ooo o.
Cleistanthus patulus, Anal, Pl. XXIV. fig. 4.
ee pallidus, Anal. Pl. XXIV. fig. 4.
Amanoa. See Cleistanthus.
Lebidieropsis orbicularis, Anal, P]. XXIV: fig. 4.
Cluytia collina. See Le)idieropsis.
Croton scabiosum «es
“D aromaticum oo se
Tab.
ccciv.
ee celvi.
cecil.
celxii.
cexcl.
excii.
CCXCVili.
celxiv.
cecxcyii.
elxiii.
cCxcix.
eeXciii.
excy
ceX¢ Vi.
CXCV.
eexciy.
cece.
ss Cclviii.
eclyiii.
1. cClSXvii.
eclxxy.
oe Welcxye
ccxe,
Celxxx.
eclix.
eclxxix.
+» CclXxvViil.
eclsXxvi-
eclx.
celx.
eclsxxiii.
ce] Xxxili.
488,
489.
490,
491,
492.
493.
494,
495.
496.
497.
498.
499.
a00.
601.
Aleurites Moluccana on
Aleurites triloba
Agrostistachys Indica, Anal. Pl. XXIV. fig. 2.
Sarcoclinium longifolium, Anal. Pl. XXIV. fig. 1.
Ceelodepas calycina onc
Cephalocroton Indicum
Adenochlena. See Cephalocroton.
Podadenia Thwaitesii oe
Trewia nudiflora
Mallotus Philippinensis
Rottlera urandra. See Cleidion.
fottlera tinctoria. See Mallotus.
ottlera Thwaitesit. See Podadenia.
Cleidion Jayanicum ote
Tetraglossa. See Cleidion.
Macaranga Indica +
aS tomentosa,
Homonoya riparia, Anal, P], XXIV. fig. 1.
Adelia. See Homonoya,
Spathiostemon. See Homonoya.
Hematospermum. See Homonoya.
Givotia rottleriformis an
Trigonostemon Lawianus eee
Dimorphocalys. See Trigonostemon.
Ostodes Zeylanica 90
Desmostemon. See Ostodes.
Codicum umbellatum, Anal. Pl. XXIII. fig. 6,
Blachia. See Codicum.
Cheetocarpus castanocarpus ono
90 coriaceus cos
Gelonium lanceolatum, Anal. Pl. XXII. fig.
Exceecaria Cochinchinensis, Anal. Pl. XXII.
op insignis, Anal, Pl. XXII. fig. 5.
Falconeria. See Excecaria.
Euphorbia antiquorum, Anal. Pl. XXII. fig. 4.
Daphniphyllum glaucescens co
Daphniphyllum Roxburghiz
Goughia. See Daphniphyllum.
Sarcococca saligna, Anal. Pl. XX1Y. fig. 5,
Sarcococca trinervia, Anal. Pl. XXIV. fig. 5.
Ulmus integrifolia 20
Sponia Wightii co
Celtis Roxburghii
Celtis trinervia con
Gironniera reticulata <0
BS) subcequalis oco
Helminthospermum. See Gironniera.
Holoptelea. See Ulmus.
Artocarpus hirsuta ooo
D nobilis
Lepurandra. See Antiaris.
Antiaris innoxia
Antiaris saccidora oo
Ficus religiosa
» ‘Tsiala 50
Urostigma. See Ficus.
Alleanthus Zeylanicus ee
Streblus aspera, Anal. Pl. KXVI- fig. 1.
Trophis aspera. See Streblus.
Epicarpurus. See Streblus and Taxotrophis.
Cudranus Rumphii, Anal. Pl- XXVII. fig. 1.
Trophis spinosa. See Cudranus and Taxotrophis.
Maclura. See Cudranus,
LXX.—URTICE.
Tab.
CeleXvi.
Cclxxyvi.
ccexx,
cclxi.
celxxxii.
eclxxxi.
cclxxxix.
eclxxil,
cclXXXVil.
cclxxxyii.
eclxxxv.
Cclxxiii,
cclxxiy.
cclxxxiv.
cclxxxiy,
eclxxXviil.
clxxxvili.
cceX.
cccxi.
cccxil.
ecexil.
cecxiii.
ccexiil.
eccviil.
cccix.
eccvil-
eccvii,
ccexiy.
cccxive
CCOY.
XIV
Tab.
602. Plecospermum spinosum, Anal. Pl. XX VI. fig, 2.
Batis spinosa. See Plecospermum.
503. Taxotrophis Roxburghii, Anal. Pl, KXXVL. fig. 3.
504, “p Zeylanica, Anal. Pl, XXVI. fig. 3.
505. Bohmeria Travancorica, Anal. Pl, XXVII. fig. 2.
606. Laportea crenulata om «. CCCYi.
Urtica crenulata. See Laportea,
507. Morocarpus longifolius, Anal, Pl. XXVI. fig. 5.
Debregeasia velutina, See Morocarpus.
508, Oreocnide sylvatica, Anal. Pl. XXVI. fig. 4,
Villebrunea sylvatica. See Oreocnide.
Conocephalus niveus. See Morocarpus,
LXXI.—CONIFER@.
509. Podocarpus latifolia ae ond ae Celyii.
LXXII.—GRAMINE.
510. Arundinaria Wightiana, Anal. Pl, XXVIII. fig 1.
511. Bambusa arundinacea ee cen econ CCORXIs
512. Oxytenanthera Thwaitesii ono 50 w. COCEXML.
513. Teinostachyum Wightii on nnd eee CCCKXiii-.
514, Beesha Travancorica ace Oo se CCCXXiy.
515. Dendrocalamus strictus te con ss CCCXXY.
Addenda.
DIPTEROCARPE.
616, Balanocarpus erosa, Bedd. on 000 se CCCEXIX,
517. He) utilis, Bedd, te don ewe CCOXXE.
RUBIACE.
518. Octotropis Travancorica, Bedd. coo ot we COcxxvil.
619. Nargedia macrocarpa, Zhw. te as eee CCCKXYili.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX
& Y
‘
7 *
TO THE TREES AND SHRUBS FIGURED.
Aberia Gardneri, Anal,
Abroma angusta, Anal,
Acacia amara
Acacia Arabica
5 Catechu
» Farnesiana
», ferruginea
3 leucophlea
Acacia edoratissima
Acacia speciosa
Acacia stipulata
Acacia sundra
Achras elengioides
Acmene zeylanica
Acrocarpus fraxinifolius
The Italics are synonyms.
A.
Pl. IL. fig, 5.
Pl, V. fig. 4.
Acronychia pedunculata, Anal. Pl, VI. fig, 4.
Actephila excelsa, Anal.
Pl. XXIII. fig, 3,
Actinodaphne avgustifolia 600 ae
Hookeri
salicina
”
”
Adelia. See Homonoya
Adenanthera pavonina
Adenochlena. See Cephalocroton.
Adina cordifolia
Adinandra lasiopetala, Anal, Pl. III. fig. 3.
ABgiceras majus, Anal. P]. XIX. fig. 3.
Aigle marmelos
Aglaia Roxburghiana
eoe ane
toe
Agyrostistachys Indica, Anal, Pl. XXIV. fig, 2.
Ailanthus Malabarica
Alangium decapelalam
Alangium hexapetalun
Alangium Lamarckii
Albizzia amara
Lebbeck
» odoratissima
Albizzia speciosa
Albizzia stipulata:
Aleurites Moluccana
Aleurites triloba
Allocanthus Zeylanicus
”
Allophyllus. See Schmidelia,
soe
XRELiL
Tab.
Ixi.
xlyii,
xlix,
lii
li.
xlyiii.
liv.
lili.
ly,
1,
CCXXXY.
ccii.
xliy.
excy,
CXCVi.
CxXCv,
xlvi.
& Anal, Pl, XXIX, fig. 2,
clzi.
CXEX,
CXXil.
CCXY.
CCXV,
CCKY.
1xi.
liii.
liv.
liii.
ly.
ceclxzxyi.
cclzxXvi.
CCCYs
ii
Alphonsea Madrasapatana “1
Alseodaphne semicarpifolia
Alsodeia zeylanica eee
Alstonia scholaris
Alyxia Ceylanica, Anal. Pl. XX, fig. ‘6.
Amanoa. See Cleistanthus.
Amoora Lawii wale
» Rohituka p0¢
Amyris Gileadensis
Anacardium occidentale she
Anacolosa densiflora
Andrachne. See Bischoffia.
Anisophyllea Zeylanica bod
Anogeissus acuminatus 500
oD latifolius vee
Anomospermum. See Actephila.
Anstrutheria. See Weihea.
Anthocephalus Cadambus cin
Antiaris innoxia oo
Antiaris saccidora o00
Antidesma Bunius, Anal. Pl. XXIV. fig. 3.
Apodytes Benthamiana ue
Apollonias Arnottii ple
Aporosa Lindleyana
Aralia Malabarica, Anal. Pl. XY. fig. "9,
Ardisia amplexicaulis, Anal. Pl. XVIII. fig. 3.
Artocarpus hirsutus 608
op nobilis 800
Arundinaria Wightiana, Anal. Pl. XXVIII. fig. 1
Atalantia monophylla, Anal. P!. VII. fig. 5.
Averrhoa Bilimbi 006
Avicennia officinalis, Anal. Pl. XXII. fig. 2
Axanthes Zeylanica, Anal. Pl. XVI. fig. 5
Axinandra Zeylanica
Azadirachta. See Melia.
Baccaurea sapida
Balanites Mgyptiaca, Anal. Pl. vil. Ra oF
Balanocarpus erosa 500
i utilis nie
Balsamodendron Berryi 506
Bambusa arundinacea 300
Barringtonia acutangula 50
Bassia elliptica G06
> grandis one
» latifolia see
» longifolia vee
» Deriifolia se
5 petiolaris 900
Batis spinosa. See Plecospermum.
Bauhinia racemosa boc
Beddomea simplicifolia bac
Beesha Travancorica 600
Beilschmiedia fagifolia 00
Berberis Leschenaultvi, Anal. Pl. II. fig. 2.
Berberis Nepalensis, Anal, Pl. II, fig. 2.
Tab.
laxvi-
CCXCVIi.
CCxxix,
cexlil.
CZRXil1.
CXXZii.
CXXVi.
clziii.
CEXXVIli.
CxCcY.
XVI.
xy.
XXXY;
ccevii.
cccvii.
cexl.
ccxcl.
cclxxxvi.
cceviii.
cccix.
CXYVii.
ccvil.
eclxxx.
CCcxxix.
CCCKXX.
CXXVI.
CCcxxi.
cCciv.
xliii.
ccliy.
xi.
xiii.
ccliv.
. ccliv.
C1xxxii.
CXXXV.
CCCXXiv.
elxili
lil
Tab.
Berrya Ammonilla as “va wrap LVILIG
Bignonia xylocarpa ane nee we ox,
Bischoffia Javanica ce =e Seem CCLUXE
Bixa Orellana ace oct So bares.
Blackia. See Codizum.
Blackwellia tetvandra “ce ieee CCX.
Blepharistemma corymbosa, Anal, Pl. ‘XIV. fig, 2
Bocagea Dalzellii, Anal. PJ. I. fig. 4,
Bohmeria Travancoria, Anal. Pl. XXVII. fig. 2
Bombar heptaphylla O03 aes soe IXXxIL
~ Bombax Malabaricum o0C aoe S56 TESST
Boswellia glabra “od ven © CEXIV,
Breynia rhamnoides, Anal, Pl, XXIV. fig. 2
Briedelia retusa its ae spo ORS
Briedelin spinosa “es see CCIX.
Bruguiera Rheedii, Anal. Pl. XIV. ig 1.
Buchanania latifolia oe ce Wha
Buddleia Asiatica, Anal. P]. XXI, fig. 4
Bursinopetalum arboreum aus) ae wea), CCXVis
Bursinopetalum tetrandr uy Ao ae eve CCRVI.
Butea frondosa ee oye so be ayat
Byrsopbyllum tetrandrum eee so ss CCCXXYI,
C.
Ceelodepas calycina ne i sks aye RCCOX,
- Ceesalpinia Sapan, Anal. P}. XII. oe 1
Calliandra cynometroides 2c oe CCCXVIl.
Callicarpa lanata, Anal. Pl, XXTI. fig. 6
Calophyllum decipiens otc So vee Xe
Calophyllum elatum ve wey te) Le
Calophyllum spuriune ore eee oo Sl
Calophyllum Wightianum BS G00 Soo, bs
Calpurnia aurea, Anal. Pl. XII. fig. 5
Calysaccion longifolium 200 vee oo. IXRxiX.
Campnosperma Zeylanica 590 Ser ... CL Sviil. )
Canarium bruoneum ad ie too CXXVIL,
» strictum ee wee exxviii. and Anal. Pl. XVIII, fig. 1,
Canthium. See Plectronia
Canthium umbellatunr 2b .. CCKXi,
Cansjera Rheedii, Anal. Pl. XX VI. fig. 6.
Capparis stylosa, Anal. Pl. If. fig. 3.
Carallia integerrima 505 ve ee CXCMIG
Carapa Moluccensis 00 oe .. CEXXVi,
Careya arborea vee ecy. and Anal. P], XVIIL, fig. 2,
Carissa carandas, Anal, Pl. XIX. fe 6
Casearia varians 500 we wv» CCViii.
Cassia florida ooC n00 Soo Ober:
» Roxburghit sae ve vr. © CIEXX.
Cedrela Toona on oe SS
Celastrus montana, Anal, Pl. X. fig. 2.
Celastrus Senezalensis, Anal. Pl. X. fig. 2
Celtis Roxburghii sce vos ss. CCCXII.
Celtis trinervia . one st toe) CCCKII,
Cephalocroton Indicum te vse CCIRi,
Ceriops Candolleana, Anal. Pl. XII. ‘fg. 5,
Cheetocarpus castanocarpus mae “00 ee CCIXEXIV.
i coriaceous i tee ve CCIZXxiv,
iv
Tab.
Chailletia gelonioides, Anal, Pl. IX, fig. 1.
Chickrassia tabularis oo 00 cite 40
Chionanthus intermedia nde 500 eMC CEXZIK,
5 Malabarica 660 mee SC OXRRIK
Chloroxylon swietenia te 500 nace» ab
Chrysophyllum Roxburghii 000 600 vee CCEKXXVi
Cinnamomum zeylanicum pc ie -»» clxii
Citrus sp., Anal, P]. VII. fig. 6
Clausena Willdenovii; Anal, Pl. VII. fig. 3.
Cleidion Javanicum ag ve. CCLEZil,
Cleistanthus pallidus, Anal. Pl). XXIV. fig. e,
» patulus, Anal. Pl. XXIV. fig.
Clerodendron infortunatum, Anal. PI, <a ‘fg, 1,
Cleyera gymnanthera,
EXC
Cleyera lasiopetala, Anal. PI. III. Fe, 3.
Cluytia collina. See Lebidieropsis.
Cocculus cordifolius, Anal. Pl. JI. fig. 1.
Cochlospermum gossypium nk ato, beet
Codizum umbellatum, Anal. Pl. XXIII. fig, 6
Coffea Arabica, Anal. Pl. XVIII. fig. 1.
Colubrina Asiatica, Anal. Pl. X. fig. 5.
Connarus pinnatus, Anal. Pl. XI. fig. 5.
Conocarpus acuminatus on pr eee XV,
Conocarpus latifolius 000 XY.
Conocephalus niveus. See Morocarpus,
Cordia myxa ont «1. CCXIY.
» Wallichii con 500 vee CCELY,
Cordylanthus, See Homalium
Cotoneaster buxifolia, Anal, PJ. XIII. fig. 3.
Crateeva religiosa 660 neC VAs
Croton aromaticum a -- CClXzXiii.
», scabiosum cclxxxiii,
Crudia zeylanica exe.
Crytocarya Wightiana CCxcix.
Cudranus Rumphii, Anal. Pl. XXVII. fig. 1.
Cullenia excelsa, Anal. Pl, IV. fig. 3.
Cupania canescens cli.
Cyathocalyx Zeylanicus, Anal. PJ. 1. fig. 6.
Cyclostemon macrophyllus
Cylicodaphne. See Tetranthera.
Cyminosma pedunculata, Anal. Pl, VI. fig. 4,
Cynometra cauliflora
o. CCIXXVIIl.
: CCCXY.
% ramiflora eee ses GCCRY.
op Travancorica vee cecexvi,
D. ;
Dalbergia latifolia c xxiv.
Dalbergia Mooniana S00 elxxxVii.
Dalbergia sissoo ono XXV.
Daphniphyllum glaucescens moc cc]xxxViii,
Daphniphyllum Roxburghit nod vee CC]XEXVili.
Dasyaulus. See Bassia,
Debregreasia velutina. See Morocarpus.
Dendrocalamus strictus de nae CCCREV?
Desmodium sephalotes, Anal. Pl, XII, fig, 4.
Desmostemon. See Ostodes.
Dialium ovoideum As var ono GSS I-
Dicollostyles axillaris, Anal, Pl, III fig. 6,
Dichilanthe Zeylanica, Anal. P]. XV. fig. 4.
Dichopsis. See Bassia.
Dichrostachys cinerea
Dillenia pentagyna
5) Speciosa 300
Dimocarpus longana :
Dimorphocalyz. See iinonuaternars
Diospyros calycina
%) ebenum
50 embryopteris
- exsculpta
5 foliolosa
sp melanoxylon n06
56 Tupru
. _Wightiana
Diplospora apiocarpa
Dipterocarpus Indicus
Discospermum apiocarpum,
Dodonea Burmannniana, Anal. PI. XI. fig. 2
Dodonea viscosa, Anal. Pl. XI. fig. 2.
Doona Gardoeri
, 4eylanica one
Dryimispermum., See Phaleria.
Dysodidendron. See Saprosma.
Dysoxylon macrocarpum ons
Eiceremanthus. See Pometia.
Ehretia levis 40
Ekebergia. See Mallea.
Hlzaguus latifolia, Anal. PJ. XXV, fig. 1.
Elceocarpus ameenus
a ferrugineus vee
% tuberculatus
90 venustus oo
Elceodendron Roxburghii
Ellipanthus unifoliatus
Embelia robusta, Anal, Pl. XIX, fe. 2,
Eimblica officinalis 500
Hmbryopteris glutinosa ove
Epicarpurus. See Streblus and Taxotrophis.
Epithinia. See Scyphiphora.
Erinocarpus Nimmonii
Eriodendron anfractuosum, Anal. Pl. ‘ly. fig. 2.
Erioleena Hookeriana, Anal. Pl. V. fig. 2.
Hriolena quinquelocularis, Anal. Pl. V. fig, 2.
Hrythrina Indica 000
stricta
Erythrospermum phytolaccoides, Dah Pl. II. fig, 6.
Erythroxylon Indicum en0
Eugenia alternifolia
» cylindrica 500
op floccosa oo
rs hemispherica 506
» jambolana nee
6 Malabarica vee
Zeylanica see
Enonymus cerenulatus tee
rir
ore
T ab.
clxxxyv
Civ.
Ciil,
clvi.
Ixvili,
Ixy.
lix.
a7 dai
Ixviil.
Ixvii.
Ixvi.
Ixvii.
CCCxXsiili.
XCLV.
Cexxiii.
XCVili.
Xcvii,
el.
cexlvi
Oat
CKxil.
exili.
clxxiy.
exlviii.
celxx.
ccelviii.
Ixix.
Cx.
clxxv,
clzxv.
xxxi.
CXCYVili.
CCl.
ce.
CCiil.
CXCVil.
CxCix.
Cccii.
cxlivs
Euphorbia antiquorum, Anal, P]. XXII. fig. 4,
Euphoria ce, ae
Lupyrena glabro, Anal. Pl. XVI. fig, 2g
Eurya japonica
Lurya Wightiana
Evodia triphylla, Anal. Pl. VI. fig. 2
Exceecaria Cochiuchinensis, Anal. Pl. XXIL. fiz. 3.
p insignis, Anal. Pl. XXII. fig. 5.
F.
Fagara triphylla, Anal. Pl. VI. fig. 2
Fagroea Coromandelina
'. Falconeria. See Exccecaria.
Feronia Klephantum
Ficus religiosa
» Tsiala
Filicium decipiens 604
Flacourtia inermis, Anal. Pl. II. fig. 4
59 sapida, Ana). Pl. IJ. fig. a,
6 sepiaria, Anal, P]. XXIV. fig, 4 2 only.
Hlueggia. See Securinega,
G.
Geertnera Koenigii, Anal. P], XXY. fig. 3
Garcinia Cambogia
x» Morella
Gareinia papilla o0
Garcinia pictoria nae
» Travancorica O65
Gardenia lucida, Anal. Pl. XV. fig. 6
Gardenia turgida, Anal. Pl, XV. fig. 6
Garuga pinnata
Gelonium lanceolatum, Anal. Pl. XXIL fig 6.
Gironniera, reticulata 20
2 subeequalis
Givotia rottleriformis
QGlenniea Zeylanica
Glochidion Neilgherriense
Gluta Travancorica
Glycosmis pentaphyHa, Anal. Pl. VI. ag 6:
Glyptopetalum Zeylavicum, Anal. Pl. IX. fig. 5
Glycicarpus. See Nothopegia.
Gmelina arborea
Gnidia eriocephalus, Ana). Pl. XXYV. ‘ae 2.
Gomphandra coriacea, Anal. Pl. XI. fig. 4.
Gomphia angustifolia, Anal. Pl. VIII. fig. 4.
Goviothalamus Wightii, Anal. Pl. I. fig. 3
Gordonia obtusa
Gordonia parvifolia.
Goughia. See Daphnipbyllum.
Grewia tilicefolia
Grifithia. See Randia.
Grislea tomentosa, Anal. P]. XIV. fig. 4.
Grumilea. See Psychotria.
Gualtheria fragrantissima, Anal. Pl. XIX. fig. 1.
Gualtheria Leschenaultii, Anal, Pl. XIX. fig. 1,
eee
Tab.
elvi,
XCii.
xcil,
cexliv.
CXxi.
ececxiv.
ccexiv.
CEXIX.
Igxxv.
Ixxxvi.
1xxxv.
1xxxXVii.
clxxiiz.
cviii.
ecexill.
cccesiil.
eclxxxy.
cliii.
CCiXEVIi.
lx.
ecliii.
lxxxili.
lxsxxiii.
Gviii..
Vii
Guatleria, See Polyalthia.
Guazuma tomentosa
Guettarda speciosa, Anal. Pl. XVII. fig. 2 y
Gyrinops Walla 90
Gyrocarpus Jacquini
H,
Haasia Wig htii ies
Hamiltonia suaveolens, Anal. Pl. XVII. fig. 3.
Hardwickia binata
9 vinnata
Harpullia imbricata
Hlebradendron Cambogioides
Hedera acuminata
Hedeva racemosa
Helicia robusta
Helicteres Isora, Anal. Pl. V. fig. 1.
Helminthospermum. See Gironuiera,
Hemicyclia elata
Hemigyrosa canescens
es deficiens ate
Fleptapleurum racemosum 500
fleritiera littoralis, Anal. Pl. XI. fig. 6,
99 Papilio
Hernandia peltata
Heynea affinis
Heynea trijuga
Hibiscus tiliaceus, Anal, P]. IV. fig. Th
Hippocratea Arnottiana, Anal. Pl. X. fig. 3.
Hematospermum. See Homonoya,
Holarrhena antidysenterica, Anal. Pl, XX. fig. 6.
Holigarna longifolia gaD
Holoptelea. See Ulmus,
Homalium Ceylanicum 000
°F Travancoricum
Homonoya riparia, Aual. Pl, XXIV. fie 1,
Hopea parviflora 300
» Wightiana
Horsfieldia. See Myristica.
Hortonia floribunda, Anal. Pl. XXY. fig. 3
Humboldtia unijuga 0
Hunteria Zeylanica ae
Hydnocarpus alpina 000
Hymenodyction obovatum
utile
”
Hyptianthera macrocarpa
flex centiculata te
», Malabarica 500
» Wightiana
Indigofera pulchella, Anal, Pl. XII, by 1
Inga xylocarpiu ‘
Tsonandra acuminata 0
Txora parviflora p00
Tab,
cvil,
ccciil,
CXcvi,
cexeviil,
XXVI.
ccly.
elviii.
Ixxxvi.
ccexiil.
ccxiy,
ecci.
celxxix.
cli,
CCXXXi,
ccxiy.
CCXViil.
cce,
CXXxiv.
CXXxX1y.
celxvii,
ccx,
CCI.
vil.
XCVI.
e]xxxiii.
eclxv.
xxvii.
ccxix.
ecxix,
CCCXXViii,
exlil.
exliil,
exlil.
cIZXXVi..
xiii.
CCXXil.,
Jambosa cylindrica tre
Jonesia Asoca
Julostyles angustifolia, Anal. Pl. lL Bg A
Kandclia Rheedii, Anal. Pl. XIII. fig. 6.
Kayea stylosa
Kleinhovia hospita, Anal. Pl. IV. fg a
Inema. See Myristica.
Kokoona Zeylanica 620
Kydia axillaris, Anal. Pl. TI. fig. 6.
Kydia calycina, Ana). F]. III. fig. 5.
Kydia fraterna, Anal, P). III. fig. 5
Kurrima Ceylanica
33 Indica wes
L.
Lagerstreemia lanceolata AOD
3 microcarpa 000
59 parviflora ae
2 Reginze vee
Lansium Anamallayanum ie
Lapovrtea crenulata i
Lasianthera apicaulis aa
Lasianthus venulosus, Anal. Pl. XVII. fig. 5
Lasiosiphon eriocephalus, Anal. Pl. XXYV. fig. 2.
Lawsonia alba, Anal. P]. XIV. fig. 6.
Lebidieropsis orbicularis, Anal. Pl, XXIV. fig. 5.
Lepidadenia. See Tetranthera.
Leptonychia moaccuroides B00
Lepurandra. See Antiaris
Ligustrum Perottetti, Anal. P]. XIX. fig. 5
Limonia alata, Anal. Pl. VII. fig. 4.
Litszea Zevlanica
Lonicera ligustrina, Anal. Pl. XY. Be. 5
Lophopetalum Wightianum
Lumnitzera racemosa, Anal. Pl. XXI, fig. 2.
M.
Maba buxifolia, Anal. Pl. XIX. fig. 4.
>, oblongifolia, Anal. Pl, XXI. fig. 1.
Macaranga Indica Ae
99 tomentosa
Machilus macrantha
Maclellandia Griffithiana, Anal. Pl. XIV. fig. 5.
Maclura. See Cudranus.
Macreightia oblongifoliu, Anal. Pl. XXI, fig. 1.
Meesa Indica, Anal. Pl. XVIII. fig. 4.
Mahonia. See Berberis.
Mallea Rothii, Anal. Pl. VIII. fig. 5
Mallotus Philippinensis ode
Mammea. . See Ochrocarpus.
Mangifera Indica ore
Mappia foetida we
.
Tab.
cci.
lvii,
cil,
exlvi.
exlvii.
CXx.
XXXil.
OO.
XXXi.
XXX.
CXXXi.
ecevi.
CXXXIX,
exiv.
CCXCciy,
csly.
ec] XXXvil.
ec] XXXVil.
ceclxiv,
cc]xxxix,
clxii.
cxli.
Mastixia arborea
Melanthesa. See Breynia.
Melia Azadirachta boc
5 Azedarach Goa
» Composita 000
Melicope Indica, Anal. Pl. VI. fig. 1.
Meliosma Arnottiana 0
» pungens oe Nee
Melochia velutina, Anal. Pl. V. fig. 3.
Memecylon capitellatum 6
5 umbellatum wan
Mephitidea. See Lasianthus.
Mesua Coromandelina one
Michelia Nilagivica oe
HMicroclena quinqueloculuris, Anal. Pl. V. fig 2.
Microelus. See Bischofiia.
Micromelum pubescens, Anal. P). VII, fig. 1,
Microtropis rawiflora, Anal. Pl, IX, fig. 6.
Miliusa velutina ae
Millingtonia Arnottiana oab
Millingtonia hortensis coo
Millingtonia pungens uh
Milnea. See Aglaia,
Mimusops eleng aT
Mischodon Zeylanicus ove
Mitrephora zrandiflora vee
Moacurra gelonioides, Anal. Pl. IX, fig. 1.
Monocera ferruginea ove
Monocera tu berculata te
Monoporandra cordifolia 000
Monosis, See Vernonia,
Morinda citrifolia mle
Moringa pterygosperma at
Morocarpus longifolius, Anal. P). XXVI. fig.
Mundulea stberosa, Anal. Pl. XII. fig. 2.
Murraya exotica, Anal. Pl. VII. fig. 2.
Musscenda frondosa, Anal. Pl, XVI. fig. 3;
Myristica corticosa 000
hs Farquhariana ae
i) laurifolia ‘
i Malabarica 860
% magnitica coe
Myrsine capitellata aie
Nargedia macrocatpa 060
Nauclea Cadamba. See Anthocephalus;
Nauclea coadunata 600
Naucle cordifolia. See Adina,
Nauclea elliptica, Anal. P]. XXIX. fig. 3.
Nauclea parvifolia, See Stephegyne.
Nelitris jamboselia, Anal. Pl. XVI, fig. 4;
Nemedia. See Aglaia.
Nephelium longana )
Nephelium stipulaceum 206
Neerizja. See Eleodendron
Nimmonia. See Amoora,
Nothopegia Colebrookiana Sti
Nyctanthes arbor-tristig an
ere
ab.
CCxYi.
Kili.
Xiv.
xii.
clx.
clx.
CcCvi.
ecvi,
Ixiyv,
1xii.
EXXVIi.
exl.
ccexlix,
clx,
xi,
CCx¢.
lxxy.
CXil.
Cxiii.
cl.
COX
lxxx,
celxi,
cclxx,
cclxvii.
eclxix.
cclxviii.
CCXXNIV.
ecexxviil,
CCCXViii.
elvi.
ely,
clxiv.
cezl,
0.
Ochna squarosa, Anal. Pl. VIII, fg. 3.
Ochrocarpus longifolius 20
Octotropis Trayaucorica
Odina Wodier tins
Olax Wightiana, Aual. Pl. IX. fig. 2.
fea glandulifera Di
Opilia amentacea, Anal. PJ]. IX. fig. 3 3.
Ophioxylon densiflorum, Anal. Pl. XX. fig. 2
Ophioxylon Neilgherriense, Anal. Pl. XX, fig. 2.
Greocnide sylvatica, Anal. Pl. XXVI. fig, 4
Ormosia Travancorica on
Ornitrophe. See Schmidelia.
Orophea erythrocarpa, Aual. Pl. I. fig. 8.
Osmelia Gardneri one
Ostedes Zeylanica
Osyris arborea, Anal. Pl. XXVI. fig. 6 A.
Otonychium. See Harpullia.
Qugeinia dalbergioides
Oxytenanthera Thwaitesii 00
18
Pajanelia Rheedii, Aual. Pl, XXI. fig. 5
Palenga. See Putranjiva
Parkinsonia aculeata, Anal, P]. XIII. fig. 2.
Parinarium Indicum tre
Pavetta involucrata, Anal. Pl. XXIX, fig 6.
Pemphis acidula, Anal. Pl]. XILY. fig. 5.
Pentapanax Theclneracnea Anal. Pl. XV. fig. 3
Pericopsis Mooniana tee
Pbheanthus Malabaricus, Anal. Pl. i fig. 7.
Phoebe Wightii ox
Phaleria cauliffora, Anal. Pl. XXV, Ges
Phoberos. See Scolopia.
Photinia Notoniana oo
Phyllanthus emblica.
5 Indicus, Anal. PJ. XXIV. fig. 6
Pierardia. See Baccaurea,
Pithecolobium Anamallayanum
op dulce
Pisonia aculeata, Anal. P]. XXII. fig. 3
Pittosporum tetraspermum, Anal. Pl. Il. fig. 8.
Pityranthe verrucosa 000
Platea. See Gomphandra.
Plectronia didyma
Plecospermum spinosum, Anal. Pl. XXVI. fig. 2.
Pleurostylia Wightii, Anal. Pl, X. fig. 1,
Podadenia Thwaitesii ood ove
Podocarpus latifolia
Peeciloneuron Indicum
Peeciloneuron pauciflorum
Poinciana elata
Polyalthia cerasoides
9 coffeoides
oy fragvans
55 longifolia
Polyodontia. See Pygeum,
Polyscias acuminata
Tub,
lzsxix.
CCCXXVil.
CXXIil.
CCX¥XVIli.
xly.
ccix.
cclxxiv.
XEXVi,
CCCX&ii.
CXCi,
clxxXvii.
excil.
exci.
eclviil.
1 Gkaaaine
. C]XExXVili.
cix.
CCXxi.
eclzXxii.
Celvii.
lil.
Xcilli.
CIxXXvili.
i,
]xxili.
Ixxiv.
XXXVI.
CCXili.
Xi
Tab.
Pometia eximea 5c0 ” coo, GAytL
Pongamia glabra cor 30d cos Gl hexarpat
Popowia Beddomeana, Anal. Pl. I. fig. 2.
Popowia ramosissima, Anal, Pl. I. fig. 2.
Premna tomentosa cod 26 Oli,
Prismatomeris albidiflora, Anal. Pl. XIX. fig 4.
Prosopis spicigera 603 aeons
Prosorus Indica, Anal Pl. XXIV. fie.
Protiun: caudatum ce we boo) CRONE
Protium Gurleadense a5 5 eee (CE RVIy
Psychotria elongata, Anal PI. XVI. fi. 6
Pteridophylium. See Filicium.
Pterocarpus Indicus on cee Seen XXII
By marsupium 606 oe ex Se
53 santalinus 200 ate boy ROTI
Pterospermum rubiginosum 200 ae con (A
Putranjiva Roxburghii Bee oO xe | CORRE
3 Zeylanica Ba ae “co CORSE
Pygeum acuminaium ae z de stay bigs
Pygeum Ceylanicum eee like
Pyirhosia, See Myristica.
Pyrularia Wallichiana ne ae see) (CCCIV
R.
Randia dumetorum, Anal. Pl. XVI. fig. 1.
» wliginosa, Anal. Pl. XVI. fig. 1.
Ramnus hirsntus, Ana! Pl. X. fig. 6.
Rhizophora Candelaria, Anal. P). XIII. fig. 4.
Rhizophora mucronata, Anal, P). XIII. fig. 4.
Rhododendron arboreum ae see CCXXVIil,
Rhodomyrtus tomentosus, Anal. Pl. ‘XIV. fig. 3,
Rhus decipiens AS ste: ABS
Rhus Mysorensis, Anal. Pl. XT> fig. 3.
Robinia suberosa, Anal. Pl. XII. fig. 2,
Rottlera Thwailesit. See Podadenia.
Roittlera tinctoria. See Mallotus.”
Rotilera urandru, See Cleidion.
Roumea hebecarpa, Anal. Pl. II. fig. 5
_Rourea santaloides, Anal. Pl. XI. fig. 4.
S.
Saccopetalum tomentosum ro aco ROSTER,
Sagerea Dalzellii, Anal Pl. I. fig.
Salacia oblonga, Anal. Pl. X. Bo
Salix tetrasperma ay tide eeccclic
Sulmalia Malabarica Loo tes Be LEKKI
Salvadora Wightiana os Pe CCRAVATs
Samadera Indica, Anal, Pl. VIII. fig. i
Sandoricum Indicum bse me vee CCCRIX.
Santalum album ae Sch aco. GI
Sapindus emarginatus ss ae con Olin
Sapindus unijugus ote cos Soo) intl
Sapota elengioides 300 soe CCXXRY.
Saprosma Wightii, Anal. Pl. XVII. fig. 4,
Saraca Indica Ba coo ace dlAti
Sarcocephalus cordatus ace vse CCCXYIii.
Sarcococea saligna, Aual. Pl, XXIY. fis, &,
“4
Rll
Sarcococea trinervia, Anal. Pl. XXIV. fig, 5.
Sarcoclinium longifolium, Anal. Pl. XXIV. fig. 1,
Sarosanihera lasiopetalu, Anal. P). III. fig. 3
Sepa Lindleyana. See Aporosa,
Schleichera trijuga noe vee
Schmidelia hispida oe
Schrebera swietenioides 900
Sclerosiylis. See Atalantia
Scolopia crenata tre vis
Scutia Indica, Anal. Pl]. XI. fig. 1.
Scyphiphora Malayana, Anal. Pl, XXIX. fig. 5.
Scyphostachys coffeoides, Aval. Pl. XVI. fig. 6.
Seytaie longana ai
Securineza leucopyrus, Anal. Pl. XXIY, fig 4 & only.
Semecarpus Anacardium one See
cs Travancorica ccc tas
Serissa. See Saprosma.
Sesbania /Mgyptiaca, Aual. P]. XII. fig. 3
Sethia Indica S00 nae
Shorea laccifera 500 500
» robusta se
» Tambagaia ose vie
Solerocarpus Indica p00
Sonneratia acida, Anal. Pl. XV. fg, 1.
Sophora interrupta, Anal. Pl. XII. fig. 6
Soymida, febrifuga tbs aoe
Spathiostemon. See Homonoya.
Spathodea falcata O00 bee
Spherocarya leprosa ase ote
Sphragidia. See Cyclostemon.
Spondias mangifera vee vie
Sponia Wightii 6 AED
Stalagmites. See pean echymuel
Stemonoporus acuminatus O00 p90
4 Gardneri 600 000
Stemonurus fotidus
Stephegyne parvifolia ou one
Sterculia guttata
Sterculia Haynii :
Stereospermum chelonoides 000
Streblus aspera, Anal: Pl]. XXV1. fig. 1.
Streptostigma. See Harpullia.
Strom bosia Ceylanica
Strongylocalyx hemispherica
Strychnos nux-vomica
Stulocoryne Webera, Anal. P), XVL fig. 2.
Stylediscus. Sve Bischoffia.
Symplocos Gardneriana 000
a oligandra, Anal, Pl. XX, fig. 1.
Syzygium alternifolium
Syzygium jombolanum ms vee
T.
Tabernamontana verticellata, Anal. Pl. XX. fig. 3.
Tamarindus Indica coo me
Tamarix ericoides, Anal. Pl. IIT. fig. 1,
Taxotrophis Roxburghii, Anal. P]. XXVI. fig. 3
A, Zeylanica, Anal. P], XXYV1, fig. 3.
Tab.
c2ix.
clii.
ecxlyviii.
Ixxviii,
elvi.
<b AL
eo. CCXEXII;
no Ee
Vi.
PaoeLY,
ieee WO
oie CCXXEIIN;
vic Vills
Ba 1bOatby
CXXXVii.
55 Obabs:
CCCxi.
C.
eee eSCLXS
exli:
XXXIV. aa Anal. P]. XXIX, fig 1.
cy.
CCXXX:
Ixxil.
CXXXYli:
ccilii.
yas) CCX
CCXXXVils
ses CXCVII;
CECVI1i«
ia GIXXXIVS
Xl
Tectona grandis
Teinostachyum Wightii 000
Tephrosia suberosa, Anal. Pl. XII. fig. 2.
Terminalia Arjuna
i belerica
Hi Catappa
5 chebula
LTerminalia coriacea
Terminalia glabra
Terminalia paniculata
9 tomentosa
Ternstreemia gymuanthera sais
Tetracryptu. See Anisophyllea.
Tetraglossa, See Cleidion.
Tetrameles Grahamiana aoe
Tetrameles nudiflora Bon
Tetranthera Wightiana 300
‘Thespesia populnea 001
Timonius Jambosella, Anal. Pl. XVI. fig. 4.
Toddelia aculeata, Anal. Pl. VI. fig. 5.
Trewia nudiflora 000
Trickadenia Zeylanica, Anal. Pl. Il. fig.
Trichaurus. See Tamarix.
Trigonostemon Lawianus t00
Trochisondra Indica
Trophis aspera. See Streblus.
Lrophis spinosz, See Cudranus and Taxotrophis.
Turpinia Nepalensis
“I
U.
Unona Lawii, Anal. Pl. J. fig. 1.
Ulmus integrifolia
Urandra. See Lasianthera.
Urophyllum Zeylanicum, Anal. Pl. XVI. fig. 5.
Urostigma. See Ficus.
rtica crenulata. See Laporten.
V.
Vaccinium Leschenaultii 18
Vateria Indica eo8
» Malabavica vee
Vatica laccifera 18
Vatica Roxburgkiana
Vatica Tambagaia
Vernonia volkamericefolia
» Wightiana O00
Viburnum acuminatum +h
Viburnum punoctatum o00
Villebrunea sylvatica. See Oreocnide.
Virgilia aurea, Anal. Pl, NII, fig. 5.
Visenia umbellata, Anal, Pl, V. fig. 3.
Vitex altissima 703
W.
Walsura piscidia, Anal, P]. VIII. fig. 6.
Webera Asiatica, Anal, Pl. XVI. fig. 2.
Weihea Zeylanica 600
Werdlandia Notoniana res
vee
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Tab.
ec!
CCCKElil.
XXVLUI,
xix,
ExaKe
XXVii.
XViL.
Xvil.
Xviil.
XVli.
xcl,
cexil.
CCXIi.
CcXCili.
]xiil.
eclXxXxi.
eclxxiii.
cXX.
clix.
cccx.
cecxXxvii.
]xXxXiv.
lxxxiy,
vi.
XcV.
Vv.
CCXXV.
CCXXVi.
CCKXVil.
CCXVii.
ecliii.
CXCiV.
CCxxLY.
X1V
Tab,
Wikstreemia virgata, Anal. Pl. XXV. fig. 4. '
Willughbeia Ceylanica, Anal. Pl. XX. fig. 4,
Wormia bracteata ” png (Rr
Wovdfordia tomentosa, Anal, Pl. XIV, fig, 4,
Wrightia tinctoria aon te COX.
X.
Xanthochymus pictorius 0 LR RVALe
Xanthophyllum angustifolium, Ail Pl Ill. fig. 2.
5p Arnottianum, Anal. Pl. III. fig. 2.
” virens, Anal. Pl. III. fig. 2.
Xanthoxylum ovalifolium, Anal. Pl. VI. fig. 3.
90 Rhetsa, Anal. Pl. VI. fig. 3.
Xanthoxylum triphyllum, Anal. Pl. VI. fig. 2.
Xylia dolabriformis 006 boc «.. CLXXXYVi.
Aylocarpus granatum ase 00 vee =CEXXVI,
Xylopia Championii, Anal, Pl. I. fig. 5,
» parviflora nor, aoe vs. C1XXii,
Zizyphus jujuba 409 vas ». oxlix
Notice.
The letter press of the Flora Sylvatica as now issued is only initiatory, and it is hoped that Forest Officers
throughout India will furnish the author with all information procurable about the different trees of their districts.
The following are the main heads under which the history of each tree might be treated.
1. Geographical distribution, influence of soil, aspect, elevation, associates (other trees and bamboos, &c.) Its
worth as an avenue tree, or as a tree for ornament or shade.
2. Mode of growth, size, age.
3. Rate of growth,
4, Bark.
5, Time of flowering, ripening and shedding of seed.
6. Germination.
7. Reproduction from seed.
8. Ke » shoots.
9, Diseases, insects and other enemies, death.
10. The wood and full particulars of its character and uses.
11. All the uses of the tree and its different parts.
12, Vernacular names in different provinces.
The plates and descriptions will make the identification of each tree an easy matter and will supply a want
long felt by many in the Forest Department. The letter press only will be reprinted when the plates are finished and
further information has been elicited.
Dried flowering and fruiting specimens of rare or little known forest trees will be thankfully received
by the author,
POLYALTHIA CERASOIDES. (Nat. ord. Anonacez.)
POLYALTHIA. (Bl) Gen. Pl. page 25.—GEN. CHAR. Sepals 3, free or connate below, valvate or slightly imbricate in xstivation; petals 6
equal or sub-equal, valvate in 2 series in eestivation, ovate or linear; stamens numerous linear or cuneate, connective dilated, and thickened beyond the
cells, carpels numerous. Stigma oblong or capitate, ovules one or two usually erect ; fruit-carpels stipitate or oblong 1 seeded—trees or shrubs.
POLYALTHIA CERASOIDES. (Dun.) Leaves oblong or lanceolate acute, pubescent beneath : flower bearing shoots almost
abortive lateral leafless ; peduncles solitary, terminal, with one or two bracteas at their base; calycine iobes nearly as long as the corol:
petals equal oval oblong thick ; carpels globose dark red, size of a cherry, on stalks nearly twice their length.—JD. C. prod. i. p. 93.
Guatteria cerasoides.—W. A. prod. p. 10. Uvaria cerasoides.—Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. p. 666.
A straight handsome tree of moderate size, timber whitish and close-grained and of considerable value, much used in the Central Pro-
vinces and in the Bombay Presidency—it is used incarpentry and for naval purposes, such as boat masis and small spas, but apparently litile
known in Madras. It is common in dry forests near the foot of all the mountains on the western side of the Madras Presidency, in the Salem
jorests, the Nullay Mullays, Mysore, Orissa and the Godavery foresis—it flowers in the hot months, and the flowers are fragrant and of a greenish
color. It has never yet been cultivated or planted. In the Godavery forests it is known by the names of Dudugu and Chika Dudugu, (Teligoo)
and in the Bombay Presidency vt is called Hoom, (Mah)
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CALOPHYLLUM ELATUM. (Nat. ord. Guttiferce.)
CALOPHYLLUM. (Linn.) Gen. Pl. p. 175.—GEN. CHAR. Flowers often polygamous, perianth composed of 4-12, sepals and petals imbricat-
ed in 2-3 series, stamens numerous free or scarcely connate at the base ; filaments short filiform, anthers erect ovate or oblong 2 celled dehiscing longitudi-
nally; ovary 1 celled, style longish stigma peltate, ovule 1 erect, drupe indehiscent. Trees with leaves furnished with numerous transverse parallel nerves.
CALOPHYLLUM ELATUM. (Bedd.) Young shoots, panicles and outer sepals ferruginous, leaves elliptic acuminate
attenuated at the base, very shining, petioles about 1 inch long, panicles terminal and from the upper axils large many flowered ;
sepals 4, two outer ones sub-rotund small, two inner petaloid ; petals 4 ; fruit ovoid pointed about the size of a thrush’s egg.
A very large straight tree with numerous tongitudinal cracks down the bark, grows abundantly in most of the moist ghat forests or sholas,
in our Western coast from Canara down to Cape Comorin, and in similar forests on the lower Pulneys, Anamallays, Coorg, Mysore and the
Sirumaliays—it is never found in dry deciduous forests—it yields the poonspar of commerce and is known by the name of Poon or Poone in
Malabar, Siri Poone in South Canara, and Pongoo in the Anamallays—thousands of these trees have lately been destroyed by the axe of Coffee
planters in Malabar, Coorg and Travancore ; large quantities still remain but chiefly in very inaccessible places. In the ghat forests of South
Canara they are felled by the Forest Department and floated down rivers to the coast depéis, but the demand for the article does not seem great,
though many years ago a single fine spar has fetched as much as 1,000 Rs. The wood is scarcely known, except as a spar, though it is occasionally
used, for building and bridge-work by planters—it is reddish, coarse grained but ornamental. The iree has never been planted and would not succeed
except in the moist forests on the mountains at an elevation of 1,000 to 4,000 feet ; it flowers in January and February, and the seed falls early
in the rains and germinates freely in the dense shade of the shola forests.
| This tree was for some years supposed to be the Calophyllum angustifolium of Roxburgh, which is from the Prince of Wales’ Island.
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Flees
POCILONEURON INDICUM. (Nat. ord. Ternstreemiaceze.)
PcILONEURON, (Bedd.) Gen. Pl. p. 981.—GEN. CHAR. Sepals 5 equal imbricate, petals 5 contorted, stamens numerous (about 20) on a
tube surrounding the ovary which is either inconspicuous and entire or more or less prominent and 5 cleft, so that the stamens are sub-pentadelphous :
anthers linear erect affixed hy their base, ovary 2 celled, styles 2 subulate, ovules 2 in each cell, erect. Fruit? trees with opposite coriaceous shining leayes
with close parallel venation and minutely reticulated.
Pacinonevron Inpicum. (Bedd.) Leaves ovate-oblong with a long acumination glabrous, panicles terminal, many
flowered, flowers yellowish white, calyx peduncles and pedicles slightly puberulous. edd. in Journt. Linn. oc. VIII. 267 to 17.
A good sized tree, common in the ghat forests of South Canara and Malabar up to an elevation of 4,000 feet—it is never found except in
the shola forests ; in South Canara it is well known to the natives under the name of Kirbally (Can.), but though I have seen the tree on the Sis-
parah ghat and elsewhere in Malabar, it seems unknown to the natives. The timber appears to be of considerable value, but is almost unknown at
present—it is very hard and is used for Rice-pounders in South Canara—it flowers in March and April.
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SHOREA ROBUSTA. (Nat. ord. Dipterocarpex.)
SHOREA. (Roxb.) Gen. Pl. p. 193.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx tube very short adnate to the torus, not increasing in fruit, divisions ovate or
lanceolate imbricate wing-like and all or 3 only enlarged in fruit, connivent over the fruit at the base. Stamens numerous or 15, anthers ovate or oblong,
rarely linear, connectivum subulato-cuspidate, cells obtuse or rarely cuspidate, valves equal or the exterior valve a little larger—ovary 3 celled, cell 2 ovuled,
style subulate, entire or 3 toothed at the apex, fruit coriaceous indehiscent; 1 seeded—seed ovoid, cotyledons thick fleshy unequal. Trees bearing resin,
glabrous or tomentose stipules persistent or deciduous, leaves entire or repand panicles axillary or terminal.
SHOREA ROBUSTA. (Roxb.) Leaves short petioled cordato-oblong, 6-10 inches long by 4-6 inches broad, stipules falcate,
panicles terminal and axillary, stamens numerous, stigma 3 toothed. Road. Fl. Ind. p. ii. 615.
An immense timber tree, abundant in the Godavery forests, the Gumsoor and Russelcondah forests, and in Bengal (the Terai, Parasnath
and Assam) and in Burmah 2 but not known in the South of the Madras Presidency. In some of the Sal tracts in Gumsoor tt grows almost to
the exclusion of every other tree and the natural forests often have the appearance of plantations—it flowers in March and April, and the seeds often
commence germinating before they leave the parent tree eurly in the rains and eventually come up very thickly in the forests. The tree grows very
straight and tall and sometimes reaches 10 or 12 feet in girth. The seed has a vitality of such short duration that all attempts to grow it in the
South have failed, though it was attempted several successive seasons—it is also rapidly bored by insects. The timber is one of the most valuable
in India for Engineering purposes and is largely used in Gun Carriage Manufactories and for many other purposes, such as house-building and
ship-building, but warps in plank—it lasts an immense time under ground or under water and is almost unequalled for sleepers, and seems quite
proo! against white ants ; rt is close grained, heavy and hard, of a light brown color—the bark is employed by tanners and yields an abundancy
of resin or dammer which is used as a substitute for pitch, and burnt by the natives as incense, and an aromatic oil is procured from the resin by
ary distillation. It is called Sal and Salwa in Gumsoor and Googul in the Godavery forests. I am not sure that the Birmese tree called Eingg-yin
is the sume species.
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SHOREA TUMBAGAIA. (Nat. ord. Dipterocarpen.)
For Gen. Char. see under “Shorea Robusta.”
SHOREA TUMBAGATA. (Roxb.) Leaves long petioled, ovato cordate, 21 to 4 inches long by 2-3 inches broad, petioles
1 to 2 inches long, panicles terminal, stamens about 100 with bearded anthers. Roxb. Hl, Ind. ii. 617—Wight’s Ic. t. 27.
L have only met with this tree in the hill forests of Cuddapah and North Arcot ; it is a large tree yielding a valuable timber, and is well
known in those districts under the name of Thamba: it is largely used in house building and for rafters, door frames and posts, and is exporied io
Madras—a dammer exudes from the trunk. The Kong of Tinnevelly is not this tree, but belongs to the allied genus Hopeo,
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SHOREA LACCIFERA: (Nat. ord. Dipterocarpez.)
For Gen. Char. see under ‘ Shorea Robusta.”
SHOREA LACCIFERA. (W. A.) Glabrous, leaves coriaceous oblong obtuse or emarginate and often emarginate at the base,
34-5 inches long by 2to 23 inches broad: panicles numerous from the axils of the fallen leaves, branches and pedicels glabrous, calyx
in flower glabrous ; stamens 15, anther-bristle very long. W.A. prod. p. 84. under Vatica—Wights Ic. t. 164.
A large tree, very abundant in the hill forests of Cuddapah and North Arcot, and also found in the Mudumullay forests, Anamallays,
Wynaad, Mysore, &c. In the Cuddapah and North Arcot districts it is well known under the name of Jallari (Tel. ), but the tree does not appear
to be generally known in the other localities ; its timber is very useful for house building, pannels of doors and various other purposes, and has o
ready sale in the Cuddapah district, and is largely imported into Macias. A species of Lac is procured from the tree.
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HOPEA PARVIFLORA. (Nat. ord. Dipterocarpes.)
Hops. (Roxb.) Gen. Pl. p. 193.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx tube very short aduate to the torus not increasing in fruit, divisions short obtuse
often membranceous on the margin imbricate, 2 enlarging in fruit large and wing-like erect, the rest small, all connivent over the fruit at the base.
Stamens 15 rarely 10, anthers ovate, connectivum subulato-cuspidate, cells obtuse equal valved. Ovary 3 celled, cell 2 ovuled, style short terete or
subulate. Fruit indehiscent, 1 seeded, seed ovoid, cotyledons thick fleshy unequal. Trees yielding resin, glabrous or tomentose, stipules small
deciduous, or inconspicuous, leaves entire coriaceous—a genus nearly allied to Shorea.
Hopra PARVIFLORA. (Bedd.) Petioles panicles and calyx hairy, leaves short petioled glabrous ovate to oblong furnished
with glands in the axils of the veins beneath, 2 to 24 inches long by J to 14 broad, flowers secund subsessile numerous very minute,
sweet scented, stamens 15 alternately single and in pairs, stigma 3 cleft,
A large handsome tree, common in both the moist and dry forests in Malobar and South Canara, up to an elevation of 3,500 feet. The
wood is hardly known commercialiy as yet, but it ts much valued by the Natives in South Canara, and J believe it will be of great value for gun
carriage purposes, ond I have forwarded specimens to Madras and Bombay—it will also answer well for sleepers. In Malabar it is called Irubogam
and in South Canara Kiral Boghi on the ghats and Tirpu in, the plains ; in the latter district it is much valued for temple building purposes.
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SOYMIDA FEBRIFUGA. (Nat. ord. Meliacez.)
SOYMIDA. (A. Juss.) Gen. Pl. p. 338.—GEN. CHAR. Sepals 5 short imbricate, petals 5 spreading unquiculate contorted, stamen tube short,
cupuliform 10 lobed, lobes 2 toothed, anthers sessile between the teeth, disk ring-like, ovary ovoid 5 celled, style short attenuated, stigma dilated 5 sided,
ovules numerous in the cells in 2 series pendulous, capsule woody 5 celled 5 valved, dehiscing at the apex septifragal, the thin weody sarcocarp on each
valve becuming detached from the endocarp and both from the persistent axis that is 5 angled by the dissipiments, seeds pendulous from the top of the
axis imbricated in each cell, flat expanding on all sides but particularly upwards (with the hilum at the extremity) and downwards into a wing; embryo
nearly straight, cotyledons 2 auricled at the apex, radicle conical pointing upwards, concealed between the auricles of the cotyledons, leaves abruptly
pinnate, leaflets opposite 3-6 pair, oval-oblong obtuse, panicles large terminal or in the axils of the uppermost leaves.
SOYMIDA FEBRIFUGA. (Juss.) Roub. Fl. Ind, ii. p. 398—prod. p. 122.
A tree of considerable size, not uncommon in the forests of Palghat, Cuddapah, Gumsoor, Mysore and elsewhere in the Madras Presi-
dency and in the Central Provinces, Bombay and Bengal. It yields a valuable dull red colored wood that is highly prized by the natives for buald-
ing purposes and is very durable and strong, but though well adapted for all indoor work, it is apt to split on exposure to the sun. The bark is used
as a febrifuge—it is known by the names of Sohn or Rohn in Bengal, Soomi in Teligoo and Shem in Tamil, and is the red cedar of Europeans.
Hr, Broughton says that the substance to which the bark owes its bitter taste has the properties of a resin andis of a yellowish white color when
pure—it is sparingly soluble in water, but is unsoluble if the water contains acids ; it is soluble tn alcohol, ether and benzol, but these liquids do not
completely separate it from foreign substances—it contains no nitrogen.
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CHICKRASSIA TABULARIS. (Nat. ord. Meliacez.)
CHICKRASSIA. (Ad, de Juss.) Gen. Pl. p. 389.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx short cupular 4-5 toothed, petals 4-5 erect contorted. Stamen tube
cylindrical 10 crenated the crenatures each bearing 1 anther, anthers ovate exserted erect, disk none, ovary oblong shortly stipulate 3 celled attenuated into
a style, stigma capitate, ovules numerous in 2 series, capsule ovoid woody 3 celled septicidally 3 valved at the apex, valves 2 lamellate and separating
from the 3 winged axis, seeds numerous imbricated in a double series horizontally across each cell, flat expanding downwards (at the opposite extremity of
the hilum) into a wing, cotyledons orbicular not auricled, radicle superior cylindrical oblong oblique exserted applied to the edge of the cotyledons at their
top—leaves abruptly pinnated, leaflets opposite and alternate acuminate, panicles terminal.
CHICKRASSIA TABULARIS. (Juss.) Leaves alternate, abruptly pinnate 6-18 inches long, leaflets 5-10 pair subopposite or
alternate shortly petioled, obliquely ovato-oblong, unequal sided obtusely acuminated quite entire and increasing in size towards the apex
of the leaf, hairy in the axils of the nerves beneath, stipules none, panicles terminal erect, flowers numerous rather large of a dirty white
or cream color. W. A. prod. 123.—Swietenia Chickrassia. Roxb. Hl. prod. ii. 898— Wight. Lil.
A tree of large size, often 8 to 10 feet in girth with a thick straight trunk 60 or 80 feet to 1st bough and rust colored deeply cracked
bark ; found though sparingly in most of the hill forests of the Madras Presidency both in shola and deciduous forests, and in Mysore, Bombay and
the Eastern parts of Bengal: it is the true Chittagong of commerce and is called Aglay or Agalin some parts of our Presidency, Madagari Vembu
in others, Ganti Malle in Salem, and in Bengal Chickrasee. The wood is of alight color and prettily veined and'close in the grain, and is much used
for furniture ; it has a cedar-like smell and is one of the woods known as bastard cedars to Huropeans. No atiempt at cultivating this tree on any
large scale has yet been made, but specimens are met with in Botanical Gardens; in Ceylon it is known under the name of Hoolanghik-gass, and its
timber used in the interior of the palace of one of the Kandyan kings is known to have lasted some hundreds of years.
9
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CEDRELA TOONA. (Nat. ord. Meliaceze.)
CEDRELA. (Linn.) Gen. Pl. p. 339.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx short 5 partite, petals 5 erect keeled inside on the middle, imbricate or contorted
or valvate at the base, disk adnate with the stalk glandular 5 ribbed concrete between the ribs with the interposed plaits of the petals, 4-6 lobed at the apex.
Stamens 4-6 inserted on the apex of the disk sometimes alternate with as many staminodes, filaments subulate, anthers oblong or cordate attached by their
bark a little above the base, at first introrse at length versatile; ovary on the top of the disk, ovoid 5 celled attenuated into a style, stigma dilated, ovaries
8-12.in each cell in 2 series, pendulous, capsule coriaceous or membranaceous 5 celled, 5 valved dehiscing from the apex, septifragal, valves 2 lamellate
separating from the axis which is 5 angled, seeds pendulous compressed imbricate produced downwards into a wing, albumen sparse fleshy, cotyledons sub-
foliaceous, radicle short superior exserted. - Tall trees, leaves unequally pinnated, leaflets opposite or nearly so, many paired, unequal sided, panicles terminal
dowers small.
CEDRELA TOONA. (Roxb.) Leaves abruptly pinnate, leaflets from 6 to 12 pair, ovato-lanceolate, acuminate, 24 to 5 inches
long 1} to 13 broad, slightly undulated on the margin, quite entire or slightly and distinctly toothed glabrous, panicles drooping, petals
ciliated, staminodes none ; ovary with a very short stalk and 8 ovules in each cell, capsule oblong. Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 635.—W.A. prod.
p. 124.—W. Ie. t. 161.
A large tree with an erect trunk and light grey smooth bark found in almost all the forests of the Madras Presidency, Bombay, Mysore,
Bengal and Birmah—it ascends the mountains to an elevation of about 4000 feet, confines ttself generally to the dry deciduous tracts of forest, but 18
sometimes met with in sholas. It is the white cedar of Huropeans,.and is often but erroneously called the Chittagongwood ; it is known by the name
of Toon in Bengal, Suli and Mali in the Salem district, Kal Kilingi on the slopes of the Nilgiris, and Sandani Vembu in Tinnevelly. It is often
employed as an avenue tree and is much planted for this purpose in some parts of the Salem district. It grows very readily from seed, and the
Forest Department have now a considerable plantation of it on the Shevaroys near Salem. The timber is well known, it is of alight rose color, strong,
tolerably light and close-grained, and is much used for furniture and cabinet purposes and also for building. In Assam admirable boats are made
from wt. The tree flowers in April and May—its flowers are very fragrant and are used in Mysore for dying a red color called Gulinari : the seeds
ripen towards the end of therains : the bark is w powerful astringent and is useful in cases of fever, diarrhea and dysentery, and the natives apply it
when powdered externally in the treatment of ulcers. Nees, von Esenbeck has published an account of the analysis of the bark which indicated the
enistence of a resinous astringent matter, a brown astringent gun and a gummy brown extractive matter resembling ulmine. Thetree is called Thit-
ka-do in Biurmah—it is curiously quite absent from Ceylon.
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CHLOROXYLON SWIETENIA. (Nat. ord. Meliacee.)
CHLOROXYLON. (D.C.) Gen. Pl. p. 340.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx short5 parted, petals 5 patent unquiculate imbricate, disk thick 10 lobed
pubescent, stamens 10 inserted into the sinuses of the disk, ‘filaments subulate alternately longer, anthers cordate apiculate versatile, ovary pubescent half
immersed in the disk depressed 3 lobed 8 celled style short, stigma obscurely 3 lobed, ovules 8 in each cell fixed to the axis ascending, capsule oblong
coriaceous 8 celled, 3 valved dehiscing from the apex septifragal, seeds 4-6 in each cell ascending, extending upwards (in an opposite direction from the
hilum) into a wing; embryo exalbuminous, cotyledons plano-convex, radigle short. A tree with abruptly pinnate leaves.
CHLOROXYLON SWIETENIA. (D.C.) Leaflets alternate or nearly opposite pale colored small from 10 to 20 pair, semi-
cordate oblong unequal sided furnished with minute pellucid dots, flowers in terminal or axillary panicles. W.A. prod. p. 123. Swietenia
chloroxylen. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 400. W. Lil.
This is the well known Satinwood tree. Itis common throughout the Madras Presidency, Mysore and in Ceylon, and is sparingly found in
Bombay—it is generally found about the foot of hills and rarely ascends the slopes above a thousand feet or so. The wood is close grained and
yellow, very hard and durable and excellent for turning, and is much used for furniture and picture frames as it takes a beautiful polish ; it is
however very liable to warp and split if not well seasoned in the shade, It stands well under water and is used for various purposes in the Gun
Carriage Manufactory. It is much cut away in the Madras Presidency, as it is highly prized by the natives for ploughs, axil trees, oil presses, &c.
but especially the former, so that fine trees are rarely met with except in out-of-the-way places (such as the Coliegal forests.) I have met with it 8
feet in girth, but it is found much larger in Ceylon. A cubic foot weighs about 56lbs. Lt is called Billu in Teligoo, Burus or Purush in Tamil,
Bheyroo (Oorea), in Gumsoor, Dhowa in Hindustani, Vaee mara in Tinnevelly, Bille and Hulda in Bombay, Buruta gass in Ceylon. Ti
flowers in the hot season and ripens its seeds in the rains. Ido not know of any attempts to plant it.—The tree yields a wood oil. The natives
apply the leaves to wounds. “ Flower Satin” is obtained from the root in Ceylon.
11
Peas
—
=
=
MELIA COMPOSITA. (Willd.—Nat. order Meliaceze.)
MELIA. (Linn.) Gen, Pl. p. 332.—GEN CHAR. Calyx 5-6, partite, lobes imbricate, petalsas many ascalyx lobes, spreading contorted in
zestivation, Stamens 10-12 monadelphous anthers included within the slightly dilated 10-12 fid-mouth of the cylindrical tube, ovary 3-6 celled, style
slender, stigma capitate, ovules 2 in each cell superposed, fruit drupaceous with a 1-5 celled bony putamen—trees, leaves alternate 2-3 pinnate (or simply
pinnate), panicles ample axillary usually collected towards the ends of the branches.
MELIA COMPOSIT. (Willd.) Young shoots petioles and panicles very mealy, leaves bi-tripinnate alternate 12 to 18 inches
long, pinnz about 3 pair, leaflets 3-7 pair to each pinne, ovate acuminate crenulated glabrous 2 to 3 inches long, panicles axillary
scarcely half the length of the leaves, flowers numerous small whitish inodorous, calyx and petals mealy, stigma large with a 5 pointed
apex, drupe ovate the size of a large olive, smooth and yellowish green when ripe.—W. A. prod: p. 117.—Melia robusta. Roxb. Fl.
ind, ii. p. 897.—M. superba. Roxb. 1. c. p. 396.
A very large and most handsome tree with a smooth dark brown bark. Common in Malabar, Wynaad, Coorg, Mysore, and South Canara
and other parts of our Presidency. It is known to natives by the name of Mallay Vemboo which is applied also to Melia Azadarach, and its timber
is often used by planters for building purposes ; it may however be said to be scarcely known in our Presidency, and as @ quick growing tree of great
ornament it is very desirable it should be introduced to Madras and elsewhere for avenues and ornamental planting —2t seeds well and grows readily
From seeds. Seeds sent by Dr. Berry many years ago from Mulabar to the Calcutta Botanical Gardens produced in 7 years trees of a height of
46 feet and a circumference of 44 inches 4 feet from the ground. It is common in Ceylon and is known by the native name of Lunu Midella, and
Mr. Ferguson of that Island says the timber is very light and cedar-like and in use for outriggers of boats and for ceilings, and that it is said
white-ants will not attack tt.
es
eS
a See
ais 2
x)
Ke
LD
WELLE LY ae
Li yao
TAR
>>
RE
Lge
a
GOVINDOO, DEL: 44
Melia cornpostla Mill)
DUMPHY, LITH?
MELIA AZADIRACHTA. (Nat. ord. Meliacez.)
For Gen. Char. see under ‘‘M, composita.”’
Menia AZADIRACHTA. (L.) Leaves simply pinnate, leaflets ovate lanceolate, unequal sided, acuminated serrated,
panicles axillary, flowers small white, fruit purple size of an olive, 1-celled 1-seeded. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 394 ;—Aria bepou. Aheede
Mal. 4 to 52. Azadirachta Indica, Ad. de Juss.;—W. A. Prod. p. 118.
This has been separated from the genus Melia under the name of Azadirachta by Ad. de Juss. on account of its 1-celled, l-seeded nut.
Book ond Bentham, however, unite the 2 genera.
Called in Hindoostani the Nim, by which name the tree is well known throughout India. It is an ornamental tree, and is very much
planted in avenues and topes ; tt 1s common throughout India, Birmah, and Ceylon, generally in a planted state, though occasionally in the forests ;
it grows well in almost any soil in the plains, and occasionally attains a very large girth. It is called Veypam in Tumil, Yapa or Yepa in Telugoo,
Kohomba in Ceylon, and is the Margosa tree of Huropeans. The wood is very like mahogany, beautifully mottled, hard and heavy ; it is much
used for cart wheels and ordinary building purposes, and old trees yield a first-rate furniture wood which is well adapted for ship-building ; it is
much used in Bengal in the manufacture of idols, as vt 1s so bitter that no insect will attack it. The bark is very bitter and is used as a substitute
jor Quinine, the leaves beaten into a pulp are externally applied with great efficacy in case of pustulan eruptions in rheumatism, and for bruises,
and sprains, and the leaves are said to be useful in keeping wway the boring worm from books: the dried leaves are often added to common poultices
by the natives, and are said to act in preventing glandular tumours from coming to maturity. The fruit yields an acrid bitter oil, which zs
exported from the Madras Presidency ; it is said to have valuable antispasmodic properties, and is anthelmintic and stimulant. It is used by the
natives as a remedy wn leprosy and as a liniment for rheumatic affections ; it 1s obtained by boiling or expression, is of a deep yellow color, and is
used for burning in lamps. The bark yields a gum which ts said to be a stimulant. A toddy, called Veypam Khalloo, is obtained from young trees.
15
a
if
4 Se
ESS 2
Ei
MELIA AZEDARACH. (Nat. ord. Meliacez.)
For Gen, Char. see under “M, composita.”
MELIA AZEDARACH. (L.) Leaves deciduous 1-2 feet long, bipinnate glabrous, leaflets about 5 obliquely lanceolate,
or ovate-lanceolate to elliptical acute or acuminate, serrate inciso-serrate or entire, petals nearly glabrous, fruit with a 5-celled putamen
or by abortion with fewer cells. W. A. Prod. p. 117 ;—D. C. i. 621 ;—Roxb. Fl, Ind. ii. 395.
A handsome tree, attaining a height of about 40 feet and a quick grower; it produces its sweet-scented lilac-like flowers in the hot
season, It is found sparingly as a planted tree throughout the Madras Presidency, Bengal, Mysore, Bombay, &c., but rarely if ever met with in
the jungles ; tt is a very ornamental tree and deserving of more attention. It is wild in China and in Africa, and has been naturalized in the
South of Hurope ; the wood of older trees is handsomely marked, rather durable and in use for furniture ; it is often called Bastard Cedar, and is
apt to wap and split ; the tree is called Mailay Vembuin Tamil, Taraku vepa in Telugoo, and in English is known as the Persian Lilac ;—the
seeds are often strung as beads, and a valuable owl is produced from them ; the voot is nauseous and bitter, and in use as an anthelmintic.
14
xR j
PL. XINé
ANOGEISSUS LATIFOLIUS. (Nat. ord. Combretacee.)
ANOGEISSUS. (Wall.) Gen. Pl. p. 687.—GEN. CHAR. Flowers densely aggregated on a common receptacle, calyx tube compressed 2
winged at the base, attenuated and much produced beyond the ovary and resembling a pedicel to the limb, limb campanulate or urceolate 5 fid deciduous,
lobes valvate, petals O. stamens 10 in 2 series, filaments filiform subulate exserted, anthers small cordate ; ovary 1-celled, style filiform, thickened at the
base villous, stigma simple, ovules 2 pendulous from the apex of the cell, Fruit small, broadly trapezoid, 2-winged terminating in a long beak (the per-
sistent calyx tube) l-seeded. Seed ovoid, cotyledons convolute, trees or shrubs glabrous or sericeous, leaves alternate petiolate entire without glands or
obscurely glandular at the base, flowers small yellowish, capituli axillary. :
ANOGEISSUS LATIFOLIUS. (Roxb.) A loft tree, 80-to 40 feet to the first branch, and up to 8 or 9 feet in circum-
\ y 2 ;
ference, bark smooth of a whitish color, branches numerous, spreading, forming a large high head, leaves alternate without glands
elliptical or obovate obtuse or emarginate glabrous from 1 to 4 inches long and from 1 to 2 broad, peduncles axillary bearing several
ramifications each supporting a little globular head of small yellow flowers. Wall. Z. x. 4015 ;—Conocarpus latifolius, Roxb. Y7/.
End. ii. 442,
This is a very valuable timber tree, common throughout the Madras Presidency, Mysore, Bombay, Bengal and Ceylon, and aitains
large size on many of our mountains ; at is common in the plains, and ascends the mountains to an elevation of ubout 3,000 feet ; it is known by the
names of Chiriman and Sheriman and Yella Yaddi in Teligoo, Vellay naga and Veckalie in Tamil, Dhobu in Oorea, Dhowra and Dhaori in
Hindustani and Mahratta, and Dawe in Ceylon. Its wood is light colored with a purple heart ; zt is close-grained and very durable when properly
seasoned ; it is much used in house building and in ship building, and is one of the best woods for poles and acle-trees of carts, and is much used
by the natives for agricultural implements. If le/t in the forests exposed to weather the wood rapidly deteriorates and is soon attacked by insects
and white ants,—the wood from small trees wants the dark colored heart and is anything but durable. Except a few specimens in Botanieal
Gardens, there have been no attempts at planting this tree. ‘The leaves are used by tanners. A gum exudes from the bark which is collected (as
Dznori ka gond) ia Central India, aad sold in the bazaars. ;
het
G
Dumphy, Lith:
Daapsses aloe A Kal.)
=
ANOGEISSUS ACUMINATUS. (Nat. ord. Combretacez.)
.
For Gen. Char: see under “ A. latifolius.”
ANOGEISSUS ACUMINATUS. (Roxb.) A lofty tree, but trunk seldom straight, up to 8 feet in girth, bark ash-
colored, branches very numerous, spreading with their extremities pendulous (like the Weeping Willow) the wholeforminga most beauti-
ful large regular top, leaves short petioled alternate without glands oval or oblong-lanceolate pointed entire, when young downy when
old smooth, about 2 to 34 inches long and 1 to 14 inch broad, peduncles axillary single simple with one head of flowers or occasionally
with a second branch. Wall L. n. 4014;—Conocarpus acuminatus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 443.
A valuable and very ornamental tree, abundant in the Northern Circars, particularly in the Gumsur country (in the plains ) 3 but £
have never observed it wild elsewhere in our Presidency. It is known by the Telugoo name of Parlechman. Dr, Brandis has found it in Birmah,
where itis called Yoong. Lis timber much resembles the preceding species, and has a purple heartwood ; it is much used for building purposes,
but will not stand exposure to water. The tree grows very well ai Madras (there is a splendid specimen an the compound of the house known as
the Ocllector’s at Sydapett), and I have lately given some attention to raising it from seed, but all the plants at present are very young. It is cer-
tainly one of the most ornamental trees in our Presidency, and L hope ere long tt will be largely planted , it is growing in the Calcutta Botanical
Gardens.
16
REAM
& ee a oy, 4
EZ |
= 57 /)\ ces: |!
Paes
Bee CUIN Sa
in 2 “ 4
| —
Fi
=
Se
Dury, Liu:
TERMINALIA TOMENTOSA. (Nat. ord. Combretacez.)
TERMINALIA. (L.) Gen. Pi. p. 685.—GEN. CHAR. Flowers hermathrodite or polygamo-dicecious, calyx tube ovoid or‘cylindrical,
constricted above the ovary, limb deciduous urceolate or campanulate 5 dentate or 5 fid, lobes yalvate, petals O. stamens 10 in 2 series alternately larger
filaments subulate or filiform exserted, anthers small didymous. Ovary 1-celled style subulate, often thickened and villous at the base, stigma simple ovules
2, rarely 3, pendulous from the apex of the Cell, fruit ovoid, angled, compressed or 2-5 winged 1-seeded, sarcocarp generally thin or O. rarely feshy, putamen
coriaceous or bony seed almond-like, testa membranaceous, cotyledons convolute, Trees or erect shrubs, leaves alternate or rarely opposite or sub-opposite,
often crowded towards the apex of the branches, with glands on both sides at the base or on the midrib, or glandless, flowers spiked sessile small, green or
white, rarely colored, bisexual in the lower part of the spike, male in the upper.
TERMINALIA TOMENTOSA. (Roxb.) A very large timber tree, often 70 or 80 feet to the first bough, and up to 12
feet in girth ; bark deeply cracked (or in ‘one variety without any cracks), branches spreading, leaves sub-opposite short petioled oval,
with a cordate (often unequal) base, to oblong or narrow-oblong obtuse or emarginate or slightly acute at the apex, entire or crenulated
glabrous on both sides or more or less downy especially when young, up to 6 inches long by 4 broad, glands several on the midrib
below generally near the base sessile or rarely stalked, panicles terminal or from the upper axils composed of a few simple long eylin-
dric spikes, flowers sessile crowded of a dull yellow color generally hermathrodite below and male above, sometimes all hermathrodite,
calyx glabrous or hoary, sometimes with 5 or 6 glands in the hair round the base of the syle, fruit enlarged into 5-7 equal longitudinal
wings glabrous or rarely hoary. W. A. Prod. p. 314 ;—Rozxb. Fl. Ind. ii. pp. 488, 489 and 440 ;—Terminalia crenulata, glabra, tomentosa,
and coriacea, W. A.; Terminalia alata, Ainslie; Pentaptera glabra and tomentosa, Roxb. ; Pentaptera coriacea, Roxb.; Pentaptera
crenulata, Roxb.
This is one of owr most useful timber trees ; it iscommon throughout the Madras Presidency up to an elevation of 3,000 or 3,500 feet,
and grows to a very large size and very straight on the Anamallays, and very fine on the Nullaymallays (Kurnool), where the timber is highly
prized, and more in use than any other ; it is also common in Mysore, Bengal, Bombay, and Ceylon. It is called Saj in Hindustani, Schajo i
Oovea, Karra Murda in Tamil, Maddee and Nalla Maddee in Telugoo, Maiti in Canarese, and Koombook in Ceylon. The Terminalia glabra of -
Roxb. only differs in being more glabrous and having the bark nearly smooth, but the pubescence varies much,and I cannot look upon the two trees
as distinct species. It is distinguished by the Telingees as Tella Maddee. The Bunipu of the South Oanara forests (probably Pentaptera creuulata,
Roxb.) is also, I believe, only a variety of the same species, or atleast closely allied ; it differs in having very long stalked glands, anvich long,
on the midrib below, often up as far as the centre of the leaf ; the tree does not, however, differ otherwise.
Wood, dark-colored very hard, heavy, and strong, much used in house building, and for boats and canoes, solid wheels of carts, furni-
ture, and many other purposes. The'ashes from its burnt bark produce a kind of chunam which is eaten by the natives with betel leaf ; the bark is
astringent, and used for dying black and for tanning. This tree has been introduced into several of our plantations. ;
=
af f P Fi LA
Pars Sf an » i . t Y os ea
> hae bis #
. , = = s a, Fr homes
* )
é f i]
‘ PL. XVII.
Durmphy, Lith:
TERMINALIA PANICULATA. (Nat. ord. Combretacez.)
For Gen. Char. see under « Terminalia tomentosa.”
TERMINALIA PANICULATA. (Roxb.) A fine large timber tree, branches diverging, leaves nearly opposite oblong to
linear oblong with a more or less cordate base, acute or obtuse at the apex, entire, coriaceous, rugose above glabrous or rarely
pubescent, with 2 sessile umbilicate glands beneath near the base, or glandless, spikes terminal forming a compound panicle, fruit with
one large and two small wings. W. A. Prod. p. 315 ;—Pentaptera paniculata, Rowb. Fl. Ind. ii. 442.
A valuable timber tree common in most of the forests on the western side of the Madras Presidency, up to an elevation of 2,000 or
3,000 feet, and also found in Bombay and Bengal, called Marwa in South Canara, Poo Marda and Pillak Murda in the Anamallays and Malabar.
Dr. Roxburgh gives Pe Karkai as the Tamil name, and Neemeert as Teligoo, but I never met with any one who knew erther of these names, It ts
often called simply Matti or Mardah, the same name given to Terminalia tomentosa ; it is known by the name of Keeryjul in thé South Concam,
where it is common along the foot of the Ghats. The 'timber is very good, but not equal to that of Terminalia tomentosa ; wt ts saad to be
improved by being kept under water. The bark contains tannin. The tree ts not found in Ceylon, nor is it recorded from Birmah ; the tree
grows in the Botanical Gardens in Calcutta, where seedlings attained a height of 20 feet with a circumference of 18 inches in eight yeurs ; it has
been introduced into our plantations at Nellumbur, and grows well from seed.
: sale Ge Nis
j Dumply, Lith
pal. fanieuladd | Aeab] :
TERMINALIA BELERICA. (Nat. ord. Combretacez.)
rl =
Hor Gen. Char, see under ‘ Terminalia tomentosa.”
a
TERMINALIA BELERICA. (Roxb.) A very large tree, with an erect trunk and large spreading head, flowering in the
hot season, leaves crowded about the extremities of the branches, long petioled, oval to obovate obtuse or shortly acuminated, quite
entire glabrous above and generally also beneath, 6 to 7 inches long by 24 broad, with 2 opposite glands on the upper side of the apex
of the petiole and sometimes near the base, spikes axillary solitary simple erect almost the length of the leaves, flowers small dirty-srey
fetid, the male towards the apex of the spike and shortly pedicellate with a glandular disk at the bottom of the calyx, hermathrodite
below and sessile, drupe obovate obscurely 5-angled, the size of a nutmeg, fleshy, covered with grey silky down. owb. FI. Ind. ii, p.
341 5;—W. A. Prod. p. 313.
This fine large tree is common throughout the Madras Presidency, Bengal, Bombay, Birmah and Ceylon ; it is universally known in
this Presidency by the name Thani, which is both Tamil and Telugu, in South Canara it is called Santi, in Bengal Bahera, in Bombay Bherda,
in Birmah Titseim, and in Ceylon Bulu. The wood is white ant rather soft, but much used in some parts of the Presidency, and said to be tolerabiy
durable; 7t answers well for packing-cases and coffee boves, and catamarans and grain measures are made from wt, and in Malabar and South
Canara the tree is sometimes hollowed out for canoes ; the kernels of the fruit are eaten by the natives, and also used medicinally ; the fruit ie used
in dying and tanning, and the leaves also for the latter purpose ; the dried fruit is said to be astringent and laxative (as the Zgle fruit) ; an oil
is expressed from the seed, which is used for strengthening the hair, and a gum issues from wounds in the bark. The tree has been intioduced into
the Calcutta Botanical Gardens.
19
if
1
ea
‘baw!
TERMINALIA CATAPPA. (Nat. ord. Combretacez.)
For Gen. Char. see under “ T. tomentosa.”
TERMINALIA CaTAPPa. (Willd.) A large tree, branches horizontal verticelled, bark smooth, of a dull olive color
whilst young, leaves about the extremities of the branches glabrous subsessile obovate crenate and attenuated, but at the same time
slightly cordate at the base ; a little repand with a large depressed gland beneath on each side of the midrib near the base, from 6 to 12
inches long, racemes axillary solitary simple shorter than the leaves, flowers numerous, small dull whitish, male most numerous above the
hermathrodite, bracts minute deciduous, drupe oval compressed smooth with elevated navicular margins, convex on both sides, yellowish
when ripe, nut oblong with a rough surface. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 430 ;—W. A. Prod. p. 3138 ;—Adamaram, Kheede Mal. iv. t. 3, 4.
A highly ornamental iree much planted throughout the Presidency, and met with in some of our forests, but doubtfully indigenous ; it is
an flower and fruit throughout the year sit is called the Indian Almond tree by Huropeans, in Hindustani, Badam or Junghbadam, and in
Malabar Nat vadom.“It makes a good avenue tree, and is well worthy of extended cultivation, The wood is light but tolerably duvable,and is used
for vairious purposes, and the levers of Pakottahs are often made of it ; the kernels of the nuts are eaten and are very palatable; the oil expressed
fron the seeds is very like Almond oil, and the oil cake is used to feed pigs; the bark and leaves yield a black pigment with which the natives
color their teeth and make into Indian ink ; the juice of the leaves and milk of thenut are used medicinally; the tussa silk-worms feed on the
| leaves.
20
PL.XVIUI.
bovindar di biminalie Calf fpa/ (ons)
PTEROCARPUS MARSUPIUM. (Nat. ord. Leguminose ; Sub-order Papilionaceee ; Tribe Dalbergies.)
PTEROCARPUS. (linn.) Gen. Pl. p. 547.—Calyx turbinato-campanulate, acute at the base, often incurved 5-toothed sub-bilabiate. Corol
papilionaceous vexillum orbicular or broadly ovate ; wings obliquely obovate or oblong, keel petals distinct or slightly cohering, stamens 10 all connate into
one sheath or equally diadelphous 5-5 or unequally diadelphous 9-1, anthers versatile, ovary stalled or sessile 2-6 ovuled, style filiform slightly incurved,
stigma small terminal, legume compressed indehiscent orbicular or ovate more or less oblique or falcate, style lateral or rarely terminal, surrounded by a
wing, woody and often rugose in the middle where the seed is !odged, seeds 1-2 separated by hard partitions oblong or subreniform radicle short incurved ;
unarmed trees, leaves alternate unequally pinnated, leaflets alternate or irregularly opposite exstipulate, flowers yellow in axillary or terminal racemes or
panicles.
PTEROCARPUS MARSUPIUM. (Roxb.) A large tree, trunk erect very high, but not often straight ; bark outer-coat
brown, spongy, falling off in flakes, inwardly red, fibrous, and astringent, branches spreading horizontal, numerous, leaves alternate
unequally pinnate 8-9 inches long, leaflets 5-7 alternate elliptic to oblong or obovate emarginate firm, above shining and deep-green
3-5 inches long by 2-3 broad, racemes simple or panicled axillary or terminal, flowers yellow, stamens 10 monadelphous or at length
splitting into equal divisions of 5-5 each (isadelphous) legume stipitate obliquely orbicular, surrounded by a waved veined membranace-
ous wing, style lateral. Roxb. Fl, Ind. iii. 234 ;—W. A> Prod. 266.
Next to teak and blackwood, oui most valuable timber tree, abundant throughout the Madras Presidency and in Mysore, Bengal,
Bombay and Ceylon. Its size and manner of growth differ very much under different circumstances : it is often very poor and scraggy, but attains
a fine size in oun western forests and in favorable ravines, and subalpine jungles elsewhere ; rt is seldom found “ of any size” above 4,000 feet eleva-
tion, wad is generally in flower in July, but I have seen it in flower at other seasons. It is most generally known by its Tamil name Vengay, and is
\ called Veggi in Telugoo, Bengha in South Canara, Hone in Wysore and Coorg, Beejasd, Peéa Sal or Peet Sal in Bengal, Bibla in Bombay, and
Gammalu in Ceylon. The timber is dark colored and strong, and much prized for building purposes, and in some parts of our Presidency fetches as
high a price as teak. Mi. Rohde suys it is the best timber he knows for eaposed venetians and weather boards ; it gives out a yellow stain when
damp ; it is attacked by the Teredo navalis when used for the bottoms of ships, and 2s apt to warp if sawn green. A reddish gum resin exudes From
wounds in the bark, which is known as Kino or Dragon's blood, and is largely exported from Malabar.
PL. XX.
PTEROCARPUS SANTALINUS. (Nat, ord. Leguminose.)
For Gen, Char. see under * Pterocarpus marsupium.”
PTEROCARPUS SANTALINUS. A small tree, leaves alternate, unequally pinnate 6-8 inches long, leaflets always 3,
Jower pair alternate or sub-opposite, all broadly ovate to orbicular deeply emarginate or retuse at the apex, sub-cordate or rounded at
the base, about 3 inches long by 24 broad, young parts and under surface of the leaves slightly sericeous, panicles terminal or axillary,
calyx slightly puberulous, stamens isadelphous (5-5) legume surrounded by a wing (as in the genus) uniform, style lateral. oxb. Fl.
Ind. iii. 234.
This is the famous red sanders tree of commerce ; it differs from the ( Vengay) Pierocarpus marsupium (which it much resembles in
flower and fruit) by always having 3 instead of 5-7 leaflets. It was thus described correctly by Dr. Roxburgh, but subsequent authorities have
described tt erroneously as haviny 5-7 leaflets. It is abundant on the low hills about the Cuddapah and North Arcot forests, and the sovthern
part of the Kurnool district, and I have seen a few trees in the Godavery forests. I have never met with it elsewhere in our Presidency, and it is not
t believe found anywhere else in India ; it is known by the native names of Shandum and Chandam. The wood is of a fine red color and beautifully
streaked, very hard and heavy, and takes a, fine polish ; it is much used and highly prized by the natives for building purposes and for turnery vn
Madras ond the districts in which it grows ; it is also largely exported from Madras as a dye wood, and used as ballast ;it is a very smail tree, not
often found over 3% or 4 feet in girth and about 20 to 25 feet in height, the largest trees reach 44 feet in girth, but are then much heart shaken or
hollow, The largest tree in our plantations ts five years old, and is 18 feet 5 inches high, and 9 inches in girth :-—-a bandy-load of selected logs will
sell for as much as 200 Rupees, 1. e., twenty logs at 10 Rupees each; the roots and stumps used jor dying purposes, sell at 6 to 9 Rupees the 1,000
lbs. The catile during the dry season are much fed upon the leaves of this tree, and young saplings are often bodily cut down by thousands by
the cowherds.
ho
tra)
: PL.XXIL.
‘
a mses
e:
PTEROCARPUS INDICUS. (Nat. ord. Loguminose.)
For Gen. Char, see under ¢ Pterocarpus marsupium,”
~
Prmrocareus Inpicus. (Willd.) A tree of considerable size, trunk straight, bark tolerably smooth ash-colored,
leaves alternate unequally pinnate 6-15 inches long, leaflets 7-9 (rarely more) ovate acuminate firm and polished on both sides, alternate
short petioled from 2 to 4 inches long by 1} to 2 broad, rasem2s axillary at the apex of the branchlets and forming a terminal panicle
flowers numerous yellow fragrant, stamens 10 monadelphous at length isadelphous (5-5) (the vexillum-stamen rarely free) legume stipitate
obliquely suborbicular style lateral, seeds 1-2. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, 238 ;— Willd. E41. Sp. iii, 904 ;—Pterocarpus dalbergioides, Roxb.
Fi, Ind. iii. 236 ;—Pcerocarpus Wallichii and P. dalbergioides, Wight and Arnt. Prod. p. 267.—(Pterocarpus flavus, Lour, and P.
obtusatus, dig. Fl. Ned. Ind. i. p. 136, both probably belong to this species.)
A very huadso ne tree, said to be indigenous to Southern India, but I huve never met with it wild ; it is cultivated in gardens and is well
diszviny of exten tet cultivrtion ; it is comnon in Birmah, where it is culled Pedowk, ant inthe Andamans, where it is known as red wood ; ut as
also found in Milacen, Pening, Sumutra, Java, Philippine Islants, and South China, It yields a valuxble red-colored beautiful timber, whech ts
mush used in the Gun-curriige Manufactories in Malras and Bengal. Dr. Brandis says that the wood is prized above all others in Birmah for
cart wheals ; tha trees are felled green and split up into short planks 3 feet 6 inches long by 2 feet wide and 9 inches thick ; three of these pueces
make one wheel, and a pair are sold in the forests from 12 to 25 Rs,
~
The wood is used for furniture, and by the Birmese for musical instruments ; it weighs about 60 lbs. the cubic foot.
Pas tit
~
Yj
L
i.
ZA G Uy,
Sheivcaiyptd Snilecud (4 ii
Cl
ns
DALBERGIA LATIFOLIA. (Nat. ord. Leguminose ; Sub-ord. Papilionaceze ; Tribe Dalbergieze.)
DALBERGIA, (L. f. Suppl. 52.) Gen. Pi. 544.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx campanulate 5-toothed, the 2 superior teeth broader, vexillum ovate
or orbicular, wings oblong free, keel petals free or connate above, stamens 9-10 all connate into one sheath or the vexillum stamen free 9 and 1 or isadelphous
5-5, anthers small erect didymous, the cells opening at the top or rarely longitudinally, ovary stalked, few ovuled, style incurved small, stigma small
terminal, legume oblong or linear thin flat and indehiscent, often wrinkled and thickened about the seed ; seeds 1 or rarely 2-4, large thin and fiat in the
centre ofthe pod. Trees or woody climbers, leaves alternate piunate, the leaflets alternate with a terminal odd one (very rarely 1 foliate), flowers small in
dichotomous cymes or irregular panicles,
DALBERGIA LATIFOLIA, (Roxb,) A very large timber tree, trunk erect though rarely straight, rising to a great height
and of very large girth, branches spreading, very numerous, forming a large shady head, leaves alternate pinnate with an odd one 6-9
inches long, leaflets 3-7 generally 5 alternate, the exterior ones largest and roundish, emarginate, a little waved above, smooth, covered
with a little whitish down beneath, at length glabrous, about 2 inches long and the same broad, petioles round smooth } to } an inch
long, panicles axillary terminal glabrous or minutely hoary, flowers small white on short slender pedicels, calyx segments oblong more
or less obtuse, petals unquiculate, stamens 9 monadelphous, style subulate, stigma small, nearly as long as the ovary, Oven. stalked, 3-7
ovuled, legume stalked, oblong lanceolate usually 1-geeded. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 221, and Dalbergia cue lic. p. 224 ;—W. A.
Prod. p. 264.
This is the well-known blackwood or rosewood tree. It is found throughout the Mudras Presidincy, Mysore, Coorg, Bombay, Central
India, and parts of Bengal, Sikkim, and in the Andaman Islands; it grows to a very lurge size on the mountains, particularly on the western side
of our Presidency ; and 1 have measured trees considerably over 20 feet in girth ; it is generally known in our western forests ty the Tamil name
Eetee, and on the eastern side by the Felugoo names Jitegee and Verugudu,and in Mysore and South Canara by the Canarese names Biti and
Thodagatti, and in Bengal it is called Sit Sal. It is not found in Ceylon, nor I believe in Birmah. It ascends the mountains to nearly 4,000
feet, and grows equally well in the dry deciduous forests with teak, and in the moist evergreen sholas,and is often associated with bamboo. The
timber is one of the most valuable in India, and generally fetches a higher price than teak ;tt rs very heavy, strong, fibrous, close- grained and
durable; it differs much in color but is generally purple-black ; it admits of avery fine polish, and is our best furniture wood, and extensively used for
Gun-carriage purposes. It grows readily from seed but is of very slow growth, particularly when young. The Forest Department have had plantations
of it for some years in South Canara and Malabar, but the plants are still very small: self-sown seedlings are generally to be met with about Coffee
Estates in our western forests; the tree flowers in March and April.
The Dalbergia sissoides (Graham), common about the forests of the Coimbatore district, Pulghat, the Anomallays, Madura and
Tinnevelly, is o smaller tree than that of D. latifolia. The wood is generally of a redder color, and the tree flowers in the rainy season (July ),
instead of the hot weather; it is always distinguished by the Palghat awmen as the Heruputu,the D. latifolia being called Hetee (Dr. Wight
transposes these native names). 1 cannot however distinguish the two trees botanically; the flowers of the sissoides are said to be rather larger and
the leaves narrower, but these differences are not constant, and the same drawing might answer jor either wee: 1 cannot therefore look upon
sissoides as more than a variety of latifolia.
24
PL. XXIV.
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DALBERGIA SISSCO. (Nat. ord. Leguminose .)
Wor Gen. Char. sce under “ Dalbergia latifolia.” ~
DALBERGIA SISSOO. (Roxb.) Truvk generally more or less crooked, high and of great thickness, branches numerous
spreading, bark on young trees ash-colored and pretty smooth, when old deeply cracked and very thick ; young shoots downy, leaves
alternate pinnate, leaflets alternate 3-5 orbicular or obcordate with a short sudden accumination, slightly waved on the margin ; when
young pubescent, when old glabrous and shining 1 to 3 inches eack way, the inferior ones smaller; petioles round waved, stipules
lanceolate caducous ; panicles axillary composed of several short subsecund spikes, flowers subsessile small yellowish white, bracts
small caducous, calyx pubescent campanulate, segments oblong, two upper ones obtuse, three lower acute with the centre one longest, corol
as in the genus ; stamens nine, all united into a sheath open on the upper side; style long included in the sheath with the pubescent
ovary at the apex on a level with the anthers, stigma large glandular, legume stalked 2-24 inches long linear-lanceolate membranaceous,
1-3 seeded, seeds compressed renifurm. oxb. Fl. Ind, iii, 223 ;—W. A. Prod. p. 264.
A very handsome tree of considerable size, with a trunk up to four feet in diameter ; tt is abundant in the plains of Central India and
at the foot of the Himalayas where it is common in river-beds, but ascends to an elevation of 4,500 feet ; it ts cultivated and planted us an avenue
tree in the Madras Presidency, and as it grows rapidly in almost any soil, vis extended cultivation is desirable. The wood ts tolerably light and
remarkably strong, in color a light greyish brown with darker colored veins, zt yrelds ship builders in Bengal their crooked timber and knees, and is
used for gun carriages and mail carts and furniture ; it is called Sissoo, Tali and Shisham in Hindoostani, and is universally known by the former
name. It grows readily from seed, flowers at the beginning of the hot weather, and ripens its seed towards the end of the year, and zs sard to
aitain maturity in about 30 years. It has a specific gravity of 724, a6 feet bar 2 inches square, only broke with 1,104 lbs. (in Baker's experimenis ).
White ants seldom if ever atlack it : a cubie foot weighs 68 lbs. green, and 48 lbs, dry; the raspings of the wood ave officinal, being considered
alterative. ;
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PL.XXV.
HARDWICKIA BINATA. (Nat. ord. Leguminose ; Sub-order Czesalpinieze ; Tribe Cynometrez.)
HARDWICKIA. (Roxb.) Gen. Pl. p. 586.—GEN, CHAR. Calycine segments 3-5 petaloid, orbicular or ovate subequal, very much
imbricated, scarcely cohering at the base or forming any tube ; corol none, stamens 6-10 distinct inserted into the bottom of the calyx, alternately
shorter, anthers small, cells dehiscing longitudinally, ovary sessile free, ovules 2 on the ventral suture close to the apex, style filiform with a large peltate
stigma, or slightly winged with a small stigma, legume (in H. binata) lanceolate cuneate, compressed, 2-valved opening at the apex, 1-seeded, seed pendulous
in the apex of the legume obovate thin and somewhat membranaceous on the one edge, albumen none, cotyledons thinly carnose, radicle short erect. Trees
unarmed, leaves abruptly pinnate 1-3 pair coriaceous, flowers small, racemes axillary panicled, bracts minute.
HLARDWICKIA BINATA. (Roxb.) An elegant tree, trunk tolerably straight, bark deeply cracked, branches spreading,
leaves alternate petioled, petioles 4 to 1 inch long, leaflets 1 pair opposite sessile with a bristle between them, between semi-
cordate and reniform, obtuse, entire very smooth on both sides, 8-6 veined at the base, 1 to 23 inches long, by about half that in
breadth, when young tinged with red, stipules small cordate caducous: panicles terminal and from the exterior axils, flowers pedicelled
scattered small, bracts minute caducous, calyx somewhat hoary on the outside often dotted, yellowish within, filaments generally 10,
rarely 6-8, anthers with or without an acute point between the lobes, style filiform, stigma large peitate, legume lanceolate 2 to 3 inches
long, 2-valved striated lengthways, opening at the apex, seed solitary in the apex of the legume. oxb. Fl. Ind. ii. p. 423.
The head-quarters of this valuable tree are the forests on both banks of the Cawvery north of Cauverypoorum, both in the Salem
and Coimbatore districts, where it often grows almost to the exclusion of all other trees ; it is also abundant on the slopes of the Balarangams, near
Collegal and at Hassanoor and Guzelehutiy, on the Cuddapah and Arcot hills, and the southern parts of the Nally Mallays, and it is also found
an the Mysore District on the Circar Mountains, in the Godavery foresis and inthe Bombay Presidency. It is naturally of straight growth, but cattle
being very fond of tts leaves, it is pollarded to a frightful extent wherever it grows. It is heart-rending to see the damage done in the Cauvery
foresis. It is very generally known by its Tamil name “ Achd,” but is often called Karachi in the Salem district, and Kat udagu in some parts ;
its Teligoo name is Nar Yepi, and it is called Kamra in Oanarese ; its timber is of a reddish color, very hard, stony, and heavy, and of excellent
quality ; rt ts w first rate building and engineering timber, but is not utilized nearly as much as it might be ; its bark yields a strong fibre much
used by the natives in some parts. It grows from the level of the plains up to about 3,500 feet elevation ; it is easily raised from seed, and is
cultivated in the Botanical Gardens at Calcutta.
A second supposed species of this genus (Hardwickia pinnata) was discovered many years ago on the Travancore hills, but F have not
as yet been fortunate enough to find it ; it has quite similar flowers, but 3 pair of leaflets, and the legume being unknown, it is not certain whether
at belongs to this genus.
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TERMINALIA CHEBULA. (Nat. ord. Combretacee.)
For Gen. Char. gee under ‘‘ Terminalia tomentosa.”
TERMINALIA CHEBULA. (Retz.) A large tree, trunk rarely straight, bark ash-colored and cracked ; branckes numerous
spreading, their extremities drooping and downy when. young, leaves sub-opposite, shortly petioled ovate or oblong, acute or obtuse at
the apex, obtuse or cordate at the base, entire when young clothed especially above with silky hairs, at length glabrous and furnished
with one gland on each side of the base of the leaves and occasionally on the apex of the petiole ; stipules none, spikes terminal or
axillary, often panicled ; flowers numerous small dull white, fetid, all hermathrodite, bracts solitary downy subulate 1-flowered, calyx
bowl-shaped 5-toothed hairy, particularly on the inside, with five very hairy glands at the bottom surrounding the base of the style :
filaments ten alternately a_little shorter or equal in length, twice the length of the calyx, anthers small oval ; ovary hairy 1-celled, with
tivo ovules attached to the top of the cell, style rather shorter than the stamens, stigma acute, drupe oval about 14 inches long and about
1 inch in diameter, smooth of a pale greenish yellow very obscurely 5-angled, l-celled, pulp hard and yellowish, nut oblong thick
and very hard with a rough surface and obscurely 5-furrowed, seed solitary lanceolate. oxb. Wl. Ind. ii. p. 433 ;—Retz. obs. v. p. 31.
Myrobalanus chebula, Gaertn. ;—Melanoxylon cadika-maram, Koen.
This large tree is fownd all over the forests of the Madras Presidency, and is sometimes planted ; it rs also found in Mysore, Bengal,
Bombay, Birmah and Ceylon ; it is called Kadakai in Tamil, Karaka and Karaka Maddi in Teligoo, Hara and Hald& in Hindustani, Heerda
m™m Canarese, and Araloo gass in Ceylon. The wood is of good quality, and much used jor building purposes ; the heart wood is yellowish brown, or
dark brown, hard and heavy, and makes good furniture, but is cross-grained and dificult to work. In Birmah yokes and canoes are made of tt. The
zender leuves when scarce unfolded are punctured by an insect, and its eggs deposited therein, which by the extravasation of the sap, become enlarged
into hollow glands of various shapes and sizes up 101 inch in diameter ; they are powerfully astringent, and make as good ink as oak galls : they
also yield mined with alum a good durable yellow dye. The fruit is an article of commerce for the large quantity of tannin which it contains. The
fruit and gall nuts are both used medicinally by the natives.
27
PL.XXVIL. ~
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TERMINALIA ARJUNA. (Nat. ord. Combretace.)
For Gen, Char, see under “ Terminalia tomentosa.”
TERMINALIA ARJUNA. (Roxb.) A very large tree, bark smooth whitish or green, leaves sub-opposite linear-oblong,
with aa unequal obtuse or cordate base smooth on both sides, crenulate on the margin, acute or retuse at the apex, 6-9 inches long by
14 to 2 broad, furnished with two sessile glands at the base of the leaf just above the petiole, generally only visible when looking at the
underside, but sometimes visible above ; petioles up to half an inch long, spikes terminal panicled, calyx very hairy inside round the ovary
and furnished with some sessile glands, stamens ten, the five opposite the sinuses inserted on the calyx above the base, the five opposite
the teeth inserted at the base, style subulate stigma small, drupe ovate thick with five very hard thick rigid longitudinal wings and
with the apex produced into a furrowed truncated point.—Pentaptera Arjuna and P. angustifolia, Roxb. #4. Ind. ii. p. 437 and 4388 ;—
Terminalia Berryi, W. A. Prod. 314.
L cannot distinguish between Terminalia Arjuna and Berryi: the description and sigure here given are taken from specimens
collected in Tinnevelly. ;
A gigantic tree common throughout the Madras Presidency, growing near the banks of rivers, up to an elevation of 3,500 or 4,000
Feet ; rt is largely planted as an avenue tree, pariizularly in tre Tin veve2'ly district, where it att sins an immense girth and is often fui nished with
very large buttresses. It is alsa fourdin Bengal, Bonbay ant Birmth ; it is culled Koha ard Sanda in Hindoostani, and Vella Marda and
Vella matti in Tamil, ant Arjoon in Bombay, and is generally called the White Mxsttiby Huvopenrs. The wo0 Vis used for building and sarious
purposes, and boats are ofter made from vt ; tt is inferior to the Terminalia tomentos 1, but a vuluable timber ; it flowers in Apri) aid Huy, ard
the seeds ripen towards the close of the rains.
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LAGERSTRAIMIA REGINA, (Nat. ord. Lythrariez.)
LAGERSTRAMIA, (Linn.) Gen. Pl. p.783.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx tube turbinato-companulate, lobes six ovate acute, petals six inserted
into the jaws of the calyx unguiculate wavy and curled ; stamens indefinite inserted into the bottom of the calyx, filaments filiform much exserted
equal or zix exterior longer, anthers versatile didymous or oblong recurved, ovary sessile included in the tube of the calyx 8-6 celled, style filiform flexuose,
stigma capitellate, ovules very numerous, capsule surrounded below by the persistent calyx oblong thickly coriaceous smooth 38-6 celled loculicidally
3-6 valved ; seed oblong compressed imbricated expanded into a membranaceous wing, ascending or horizontal, trees or shrubs, branches quadrangular
epposite or verticelled, leaves quite entire opposite or the upper ones alternate, panicles axillary or terminal,
LAGERSTREMIA REGINA. (Roxb.) A good sized tree, leaves oblong glabrous 5-6 inches long by 23 broad, panicles
large terminal calyx tomentose, longitudinally furrowed and plaited, flowers very large rose-purple, petals orbicular waved shortly
unguiculate, stamens all about equal, capsules about 13 inches long 6-celled. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. p. 505.
This very ornamentul tree ts common inthe western forests of the Madras Presidency, most abundant about the foot of the Sisparah
ohat and of the Wynad and South Canara ghats ; it does not often ascend above an elevation of 2,000 feet. It is also foundin Bengal, Bombay,
Bivmoh and Ceylon ; tt is called Kadali in Tamil, Jarool in Hindoostani, Challa in Canarese, Adambe in Malayalum, Taman ia Mahiatta
(Concan ), Pyimma in Birmah, and Mooroota in Ceylon. Tt is largely planted as an ornamental tree on the western coast, and in Madras Gardens
and elsewhere. The timber is reddish or sometimes nearly white, tough and very durable wnder water, though it soon decays under ground ; zt ws
much used by the natives for building purposes and in boat making ; inthe Madras Gun Carriage Manufuctory it is used for light and heavy field
cheeks, felloes and cart naves, framing and boards of wagons, limbers, and platform carts, and ammunition box boards. In Birmah Dr. Brandis
says it is more in use than any other timber except Teak, and is prized for fittings of boats, hulls of canoes, house posts, planking beams, scantling
for roofs, carts, and other purposes. In Ceylon it is used for casks and various other purposes. Its root, bark, leaves, and flowers are used
medicinally by the natives.
29
PLA:
ie
LAGERSTRAMIA MICROCARPA. (Nat. ord. Lythrariece.)
For Gen. Char. see under * L. Regine.”
LAGERSTR2MIA MICROCARPA. (Wight.) A large tree, bark smooth and white with the old bark often hanging ir
thin flakes, leaves elliptic to ovate, often attenuated or acute at the base, and obtusely pointed at the apex, glabrous above, pale
beneath, and often very finely downy, 34 to 4 inches long by 2 inches broad, petioles 3 to } an inch long, panicles axillary and
terminal, glabrous or hoary with minute pubescence, flowers very numerous white, calyx white outside with minute hoary pubescence,
or subglabrous, six outer stamens longer than the others, capsule scarcely } an inch long. Wight Icones. pl. 109.
This tree has often been confounded with L. parviflora Roxb., from which it differs in its numerous panicled flowers and minute
capsule, which is not much larger than a pea ; the minute downy pubescence on the under surface of the leaves, which has been given as a mark of
distinction in L, parviflora, is however often present in this species,
A very handsome tree, abundant in all the western forests of the Madras Presidency, but not met with on the eastern side ; it is
universally known by its Tamil name of Ventek, and is called Bolandur and Billi nandi in Canarese, and Veveyla in Tamil ; it flowers in the / et
weather, and its seed ripens in the rains. Young saplings have their branches very much winged: the wood is light-colored, straight. fibred, and
elastic ; vt is very much used for building purposes flooring rafters, &c., and also in dockyards ; af left in the forests exposed it very soon reis, and
is rapidly attacked by white ants. It makes capital coffee cases.
30
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LAGERSTRAMIA PARVIFLORA. (Nat, ord. Lythraviez.)
For Gen. Char. see under ‘‘ L. Reginz.”
LAGERSTR/MIA PARVIFLORA. (Roxb.) A large tree, bark whitish, leaves oblong oval or ovate acute or obtuse,
pale beneath and sometimes minutely downy, glabrous above, 1-2 inches long by 2 to 1 inch broad, peduncles glabrous axillary as
long or longer than the leaves, 3-6 flowered towards the apex, flowers white small, calyx subglabrous not furrowed ; petals shortly
unguiculate, six outer stamens longer than the others, capsule oblong a little more than an inch long, very like an acorn, 3-4 celled.
foxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 505.
A handsome tree, very common in the Northern Circays and on the Nullay Mallays (Kurnool District), but also met with (though
rarely) on the western side of the Presidency, as I have seen trees in the Seegoor forests, found also in Bengal, Bombay, and Birmah, called Chinangi
in Teligoo, Naneh and Bondureh in Bombay, and Bakti, Dhaura or Dhdwin the Bijnoor foresis, Tsambeluy in Birmah.. The wood is whitish or
light brown, close-grained, straight, fibred and elastic ; it is much used for buildiny purposes, beams and rafters, and for boat timber, ploughs;
axe-handles, &c., and in Meerut tt is in great request for buggy shafts.
7]
jt
PL.XXxXI.
Sy
LAGERSTRAMIA LANCEOLATA, (Nat. ord. Lythrariez.)
For Gen, Char. see under “ L. Regine.”
LagerstRAMIA LANCEOLATA. A small tree, leaves oblongo-lanceolate, or elliptic to ovate with a cordate base,
smooth on both sides but pale and glaucous beneath, 24 to 5 inches long by 1} to 2 broad, peduncles axillary two in each axil
glabrous, as long or longer than the leaves, few flowered at the apex; flowers small white rather larger than in L. microcarpa and
parviflora, six outer stamens much longer than the others, capsule as large as in L. Regine, 14 inches long, very hard, 4-celled.
Wall. List. 2120.
A small ornamental tree, common in the Bombay Presidency, and found in Mysore and at Courtallum, and cultivated in the Lal
Bagh gardens at Bangalore. Ido not know the timber, but tt is probably like its congeners. Ja the northern part of the Bombay Presidency,
at is called Sokutia, in the south Bondara. ;
PL.XXAIl.
NAUCLEA CORDIFOLIA. (Nat. ord. Rubiacez.)
Navcnea. (Linn.)—GEN. CHAR. Towers capitate sessile upon a globose receptacle, calyx tube oblong, limb either short or truncated or 5
partite with linear lobes, corol infundibuliform, tube slender with the throat naked, lobes five valvate in estivation patent oval obloug, anthers either included
or protruded shorter than the lobes of corol, style filiform protruded, atigma oblong or ovate terminal undivided, ovary cells two, placenta fixed near the
apex of the cells pendulous, capsules 2-celled sessile upon a receptacle not tapering gradually at the base, seeds several imbricated, winged, or with agland at
the hilum, attached to an oblong placenta that is adnate to the dissepiment, embryo inverted in fleshy albumen, unarmed trees, leaves opposite or verticel«
late, stipules deciduous,
NavcLEA CORDIFOLIA. (Roxb.) A very large tree, trunk often with buttresses, tolerably straight, bark brownish
gray and cracked, branches very numerous, horizontal, forming a very large shady head, leaves opposite petioled, broad cordate pointed
entire, above pretty smooth, downy underneath particularly when young, beautifully reticulated with small veins 4-12 inches each
way, petioles round a little downy 2-3 inches long, stipules oval caducous, peduncles 1-4 together, axillary round downy 1 to 3 inches
long, jointed about two-thirds of the way up and there bearing two small gcariose roundish deciduous bracts, calyx segments clavate
pubescent, corel pubescent, lobes spreading, anthers slightly protruded, style long, stigma shortly clavate. Jtowb. #1. Ind. i. 514.
An immense tree, tolerably common in most of the forests in the Madras Presidency, also in Mysore, Bengal, Bombay, Birmah
and Ceylon, called Duduguund Paspu kadambe tn Telugoo, Haldee in Hindusianee, Manju Kudambe in Tamil, Ahnow in South Canara,
Hnauin Birmah, and Kolong in Ceylon. The wood is close grained, smooth, fiored, light yellow in color, and is much used for building purposes,
planking, &c., furniture chests, gun stocks, combs, &c. It will not stand wet. Dr. R uburgh says it answers exceedingly well for furniture 5 it
Aowers in June, and the seed ripens at the end of the rains.
33
PL XXXII.
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NAUCLEA PARYVIFOLIA. (Nat. ord. Rubiacez.)
For Gen. Char, see under “ N, cordifolia.”
NaUCLEA PARYVIFOLIA. (Roxb.) A large tree, trunk straight, bark brownish gray and crooked, peeling off in irregular
patches, branches opposite numerous spreading, forming a large oval shady head; leaves opposite petioled ovate or oval or obovate,
obtuse or with a short blunt point, entire, glabrous, except in the axils of the nerves beneath, 2-3 inches long by 1 to 14
broad, stipules large oval or oblong glutinous caducous, peduncles ternate, the opposite pair often passing into floriferous shoots
bearing a pair of small deciduous leaves and jointed near the apex, intermediate or terminal peduncle short usually not jointed, limb
of the calyx very short and almost truncated, corol light yellow, tube widening upwards, lobes pointed spreading, anthers pointed
shortly protruding, style long, stigma narrow oblong calyptriform, capsules containing two cocci splitting at the inner angle. Lowb. Fi.
Ind. i. 513 ;—Nauclea parviflora, Pers. Syn. i. p. 750 ;—Nauclea, Orientalis, Linn. (partim).
This useful tree is common in almost every forest tract throughout the Madras Presidency, and is found in Mysore, Bengal, Bombay,
Birmah and Ceylon ; it is called Buta Kadambe in Tamil, Nix Kadambe in Teligoo, Congoo and Heduin Canarese, Keim and Kangei in
Hindustanee, Kadam in Bombay, and Hteim in Bumah. lts wood is light chesnist colored, firm, close-grained, and much in use for building, gun
stocks, and various other purposes ; it requires to be kept dry as it soon rots if exposed to wet. The leaves are used as fodder.
34
PL. XXXIV.
NAUCLEA CADAMBA. (Nat. ord. Rubiacess.) :
For Gen. Char. see under “ N. cordifolia.”
Naucitea CADAMBA. (Roxb.) A large tree, trunk erect, perfectly straight, bark smooth dark grey, branches numer-
ous horizontal, leaves petioled ovate to oval, smooth entire 5 to 10 inches long, 2-3 inches broad, petioles smooth about 1 inch
long, stipules triangular with a long gradual acumination, peduncles solitary terminal, jointed about half way up, and there furnished
with caducous bracts, flowers fragrant in a large orange colored head, with the white clubbed stigmas projecting, calyx with the division
spathulate, sometimes two of them shorter than the others, lobes of the corol not recurved, style much elongated, stigma oblong, capsules
A-sided tapering from the apex to the base, near the top it is composed of four distinct hard cells, the lower two-thirds being only
2-celled, seeds numerous very small angular brown colored. Rowd. I. Ind. i. p. 512 ;—Nauclea Orientalis, Zinn. (partim ).
This handsome tree is common in Bengal, Birmah and Ceylon, and if IT am not mistaken in the species, also inthe Wynad and
Malabar on river banks. The drawing and description are taken entirely from Bengal specimens, as the Malabar iree may be N. parpurec
Roxb., if that vs distinct from Cadambe ; it ts called Kadam in Bengal (an universal name for different species of this genus ), Hulambe in Ceylon,
and Maocokadoon in Birmah ; the wood is yellow, and is used for building and various other purposes. Dr. Brandis says it is loose grained, but
recommended for furniture.
Nauclea elliptica Dalz., from N. and S. Canara, is an allied species, and there are several other species in Bengal and Birmah, some of
which tt 1s hoped may be figured in future numbers of this work.
PL. XXXV,:
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OUGEHINIA DALBERGIOIDES. (Nat. ord. Leguminosz ; Sub-order Papilionacese ; Tribe Hedysarez.)
OUGEINIA. (Benth.) Gen. Pl. p. 518.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx sub-bilabiate, the upper division oblong bidentate, the under one three-parted ;
disk fleshy at the bottom of the tube ; vexillum suborbicular, shortly unguiculate exappendiculate, wings obliquely oblong, keel slightly incurved obtuse
about equal to the wings, stamens 10 monadelphous 9 and 1 authers uniform, ovary sessile many ovuled, style incurved subulate, stigma capitate terminal,
legume elongate plane, articulations 1-2 or more oblong, slightly reticulate, scarcely dehiscing, seed compressed reniform, A tree leaves pinnately trifoliate,
leaflets large, stipulate, stipules free deciduous, flowers white or rose, in short racemes, bracts small squameform, bracteoles below the calyx minute
persistent.
OUGEINIA DALBERGIOIDES. (Benth.) . A good sized tree, trunk tolerably straight, crowned with numerous spreading
branches and branchlets, bark dark brown deeply cracked, leaves alternate petioled trifoliate, up to 12 inches long, leaflets the exteri-
or one nearly round with an obtuse point about 7 inches long and 6 broad, the lower pair obliquely ovato-cordate obtuse pointed, 4
inches long, 3 broad, margins of all scolloped and much waved, firm in texture smooth above, a little villous beneath, racemes axillary
and terminal, rarely compound ; pedicels slender, colored villous, 1-flowered, bracts subreniform small villous caducous, bracteoles small,
one at the base of the calyx persistent, flowers numerous rather small white or pale rose fragrant, calyx villous sub-bilabiate as in the
genus, corol asin the genus, anthers oblong, affixed’ by the middle of their back, all uniform ; legume linear oblong, obtuse veined
articulated, slightly villous, seeds 1-3.—Dalhbergia oojeinensis, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 221.
A very valuable timber tree, found in the Godavery forests, Jubbulpore, Nagpore, and in different parts of the Bengal (upto 4,000
feet) and Bombay Presidencies, but not observed anywhere to the south. It 1s cultivated in the Calcutta Botanical Gardens, andin 14 years
attained a height of 35 feet. The wood ts hard, strong, and very tough, heavy, and close-grained, and not unlike Sissoo, but handsome. It is much
valued and is used for building, ploughs, wheels, carriage poles, and various other purposes, and it makes very handsome furniture.
In the North Concan forests a kind of Gum kino is extracted from the bark, which is used by the natives in bowelcomplaints, It is
ealled Tella Motku in the Godavery forests, Tewas at Jubbulpore and Oude, Sandan and Sanan in Bignou forests, and Tunnus in Bomboy.
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MILIUSA VELUTINA. (Nat. ord. Anonacez.)
Miniusa. (Lesch.) Gen. Pl. p. 147.—GEN. CHAR, Flowers dizcious or hermathrodite ; sepals 3, minute; petals 6, exterior 3 minute,
equalling the sepals, interior 3 much larger slightly coriaceous, cestivation valvate; stamens indefinite, loosely imbricated and inserted on a cylindrical
torus Surrounding the ovaries ; anthers extrorse oval subdidymous 2-celled, connectivum scarcely apiculate ; ovaries numerous linear-oblong, style oblong ;
oyules 1-2 rarely more, inserted on to the ventral suture. Trees or shrubs—(Hyalostemma, Jal’).
MILIUSA VELUTINA. (Dunal.) A tree, branches densely tomentose, leaves ovate or oblong cordate at the base acute
or obtuse at the apex, velvetty-tomentose on both sides, 3-6 incheslong, 1# to 4 broad, petiole 2-3 lines long ; peduncles short, pedicels
8-6 elongate, slender, densely tomentose ebracteate 2-4 inches long, flowers hermathrodite densely tomentose, interior petals broadly
ovate, i to } inch long, densely tomentose outside, within subglabrous and blackish, ovaries downy 2 ovuled, carpels purplish-black
puberulous about 4 an inch long on very short pedicels ; seeds 1-2—H. f. et 7. Fl. Ind. p. 151 ;—Uvaria velutina. Dunal Anon. 91 5;—
U. villosa. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii, p. 664.
T have only met with this tree in the Godavery forests and on the Circar mountains ; it is also found in Bengal and Bahar, at the foot
of the Himalayas, and in Burmah ; it yields a strung, yellow wood, which is said not to warp ; unseasoned rt weighs 62 to 65 lbs. the cubic foot, and
50 lbs. when seasoned, and ws specific gravity is ‘800. In the Godavery Districts the natives use it for house building and make cawars of it;
and in Birmah tt 1s used for poles of carts, karrows, yokes, spear-shafts and oars ; wt is called Pedda Chilka dudagu in Teligoo, and Thabookyee
in Burmese ; it is cultivated in the Botanical Gardens in Calcutta,
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POLYALTHIA LONGIFOLIA. (Nat. ord. Anonacez.)
POLYALTHIA. (Blume.) Gen. Pi..p.25.—GEN. CHAR, Sepals 3, free or connate below, valvate or slightly imbricate in zstivation ;
petals 6, equal or sub-equal, valvate in 2 series in zestivation ovate or linear ; stamens indefinite linear or cuneate, connective dilated and thickened beyond
the cells ; carpels indefinite, stigma oblong or capitate, ovules 1-2 usually erect, fruit carpels stipitate globose or oblong, 1 seeded ; trees or shrubs, flowers
solitary or fascicled axillary or extra-axillary.
POLYALTHIA LONGIFOLIA. (Wall.) A good sized tree, up to 50 feet in height and 6 feet in girth, leaves linear
lanceolate acuminate waved on the margin glabrous shining 4 to 6 inches long by 1 to 14 broad on petioles about } inch long ; pedun-
cles long and slender, fascicled along the short lateral leafless shoots ; flowers greenish yellow ; petals equal, narrow lanceolate
acuminate undulated ; fruit oblong or ovoid, 1 seeded, purple when ripe. Guatteria longifolia. W.A. Prod. p. 10 ;—Wall. Z. n.
6,442, Uvaria longifolia. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii, p. G64 ;—Unona longifolia. Dunal. De. Prod. 1, p. 90.
This is a very handsome tree of erect growth and yielding @ good shade. It is extensively planted at Madras and elsewhere in ihe
Presidency as an avenue tree and for ornamental purposes. I have never met with ct wild, but vt is said by Di. Wight to be indigenous in Tanjore;
and it ts also wild in the northern part of Ceylon. The timber is seldom used ; tt is whitish yellow in color, light and very fAewible, tolerably close
and even grained, and weighs 44 to 48 Ibs. the cubie foot when unseasoned, and 37 lbs, when seasoned ; and its specific gravity is 592 ; it is used
for making drum cylinders. The tree flowers in February, and the seeds ripen in the rains, and the fruit is eaten by birds ; it is called Deodares
in Hindustani, and Assothee in Tamit.
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SACCOPETALUM TOMENTOSUM. (Nat. ord. Anonaces.)
SACCOPETALUM. (Bennett.) Gen. Pi, 1, p. 151.—GEN. CHAR, Sepals 3, small; petals 6, the 3 exterior about the size of the sepals,
the 3 interior much larger, cohering together at the margins at length free, saccate ab the base ; torus subglobose ; stamens indefinite in many series ;
anthers laxly imbricate, subsessile 2-celled ; ovaries numerous, ovules in 2 series, 6 or more. Deciduous trees with the flowers appearing before the foliage
or with the young leaves.
SACCOPETALUM TOMENTOSUM., (H. f. et T.) A good sized tree, branches rugulose, young ones fulvo-tomentose,
leaves oval or ovato-oblong acute pubescent on both sides, rotundate or cordate at the base, thinly coriaceous opaque pale beneath 4-6
inches long 24-8 broad, petioles } inch long; peduncles 1-2 lines long leaf-opposed 1-2 flowered, pedicels 2-3 inches long slender ;
sepals linear-oblong 2 lines long ; exterior petals longer than the sepals linear, interior petals oblong obtuse puberulous on the out-
side tomentose within, 3-1 inch long, torus densely villous ; ovaries 4-7 ovuled ; carpels 5-15 subglobose 1 inch long, fulvo-tomentose
on pedicels about 4 inch long, seeds 3-4 nestling in pulp. A. f. eZ. Fl. Ind. 1, p. 152 ;—Uvaria tomentosa. Row). ii, p. 667 :—
W. A. Prod. 1, page 8.
»
A tall, handsome tree of very straight growth, not uncommon about the foot of the Ghats on the western side of the Madras Presidency,
and also found in the Concan, Bahar, Orissa and Nepal. Nothing is known of the timber.
39
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MIMUSOPS ELENGI. (Nat. ord. Sapotacece.)
Mimusoes. (Linn.) 2nd. Gen. Pl. p. 741.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx 6-8 parted, divisions in two series ; corol bypogynous subrotate, divi-
sions many in two series, 6-16 in the outer, entire or divided spreading, and 6-10 in the inner entire, erect; stamens inserted on to the bottom of the tubs
of the coro), 6 or 8 fertile alternate with as many sterile ones, anthers sagittate extrorse 2 celled dehiscing longitudinally ; ovary 8 celled, ovules solitary
in the cells attached to the middle or the lower end of the axis, style subulate, stigma acute ; berry by abortion 1-2 seeded, embryo erect, cotyledons large
radicle cylindrical inferior.
Mimvusors ELENGI. (Willd.) A good sized tree, trunk erect, bark pretty smooth, branches numerous spreading,
forming a thick head ; leaves alternate short petioled oblong pointed waved smooth and shining and of a deep green color, 3-4 inches
long by 1-13 broad, stipules small lanceolate concave rusty caducous, peduncles axillary 1-8 short clubbed undivided 1 flowered, flowers
white fragrant, calyx 8 leaved in a double series, divisions lanceolate, the 4 exterior leathery larger and permanent ; corol tube very
short, the 16 exterior segments spreading, the 8 interior generally contorted and converging, all are lanceolate and often jagged at the
apex, stamens 8 fertile alternate with as many sterile hairy filaments which are sharp pointed or jagged at the apex, fruit oval smooth
yellowish and edible. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii, p. 236.
This is a very ornamental tree much planted in gardens by Europeans and Natives. It is indigenous in the jungles of the Wesieru
Coast, and also in the Circar mountains, Ceylon and Birmah. It grows to about 40 feet high, with atrunk of about 12 feet to the first branches,
und a girth of 5-7 feet.. The timber when unseasoned weighs from 72 to 82 lbs, per cubic foot, and 61 lbs. when seasoned ; its specific gravity is
“976, it is close and even grained, pinkish to reddish brown in color, and takes a good polish. It is used in house building, cart shatis and for
cabinet purposes. The tree is called Mulsari in Hindustanee, Magadam in Tamil, Poghada in Teligoo, Mugali in Canarese, Bukul in
Bengali, Elengi in Maloyalim, Moonemdl in Ceylon, and Kya-yain Birmah. The flowers are very fragrant and dromatic, and the Native,
distil an odoriferous water from them and use them for garlands, &c. The seeds yield an abundance of oil, which is used by painters ; the barks,
root and fruit are used medicinally by the natives.
40
Phe kL
BASSIA LATIFOLIA. (Nat. ord. Sapotaces.)
BASSIA (Linn.) End. Gen. Pl. p. 741.—GEN. CHAR. Calys 4-6 parted divisions in 2 series, corol hypogynous campanuiate, limb 5-14 parted
erect, stamens inserted on to the inside of the tube twice or thrice as many as the divisions of the corol in 1-3 series, filaments very short, anthers extrorse
or introrse, erect subsagittate 2-celled dehiscing longitudinally ; ovary 5-8 celled, ovules solitary in the cells erect or pendulous, style simple exserted,
stigma acute undivided, berry 4-5 celled, seeds solitary in the cells, embryo exalbuminous, cotyledons fleshy. Trees, leaves alternate entire, peduncles
axillary one flowered. -
BASSIA LATIFOLIA. (Willd.) A good sized tree, trunk straight but short, covered with smooth ash-colored bark,
branches numerous, the lower ones spreading horizontally, leaves alternate petioled crowded about the extremities of the branches
oblong rigid smooth above, somewhat whitish below, 4-8 inches long, 2-4 broad, petioles round, about an inch long, stipules subulate
downy ; flowers numerous crowded from the extremities of the branchlets on peduncles about one inch long, at all times bent down-
wards, calyx 4 leaved, corol limb 7-14 parted, ovary hairy 6-8 celled with one seed in each cell attached to the upper part of the axis,
berry the size of a small apple ; seeds 1-4, very rarely more. Lowb. Hl. Ind. ii. p. 526.
This tree is found all over the Presidency, and in Bengal, Bombay, and Mysore, but more often in a cultivated state than wild ; ut atioins
a height of 50 feet and a girth of 12 feet, tt does not ascend to any great elevation; the timber is hard, strong and durable, not easily worked, close,
even grained and of a reddish brown color. A cubic foot unseasoned weighs 77 to 80 lbs., and 66 lbs. when seasoned ; its specific gravity is 1-056. Tt
ts used fox the naves of wheels, framing and pannelling of doors, windows and furniture, and for country vessels ; it is soon attacked by white
ants. The tree is called Mohwa in Hindustanee, Kat Illtipi in Tamil, and Ippiin Teligoo ; it flowers in the hot season, and the flowers are sweet
tasted and are eaten raw by the natives, and deer and jackals are very fond of them. An ardent spirit, not unlike whisky, is distilled from them in
many parts of the country. The seeds yield by expression a large quantity of oil, which concretes immechately rt is expressed, and retains its con-
sistency at a temperature of 95°, It is coarse but used by the poorer classes in lamps, for the adulieration of ghee, and for frying cakes, andis used
for making soup. :
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BASSIA LONGIFOLIA, (Nat. ord. Sapotacez.)
For Gen. Char. see under “ Bassia latifolia.”
BASSIA LONGIFOLIA. (Linn.) A good sized tree, trunk pretty straight but short, branches numerous, cividing much
and spreading, forming a shady head, young shoots downy ; leaves crowded, about the ends of the branchlets lanceolate entire smooth
4-7 inches long by 1-14 broad, petioles 1-2 inches long round slightly villous, stipules ensiform downy very early caducous, peduncles
crowded round the base of the young shoots 2-3 inches long drooping 1 flowered ; calyx divisions 4 acute, corol tube length of the
calyx gibbous thick and fleshy, limb 8-10 cleft segments sublanceolate, anthers 16-20 in 2 rows, one above the other attached to the
inside of the tube, filaments scarcely any, ovary 6-8 celled with one ovule in each cell attached to nearly the top of the axis ; style
twice as long as the corol, stigma minute, contracted ; berry oblong, sizeof a plum, villous pulpy when ripe yellowish. Rowb. Fl.
Ind. ii. p. 523. Ufepetge & wh Aft a>.
This is a common tree throughout the Madras Presidency, Hysore, Bombay, Bengal and Ceylon, but not found at any great elevation ; it
is very much cultivated im topes and elsewhere on account of its oil. Lt attains to 50 feet in height and a maximum girth of about 6 feet, the timber
as heavy, close and straight-grained, very flexible and durable, scarcely inferior to Teak wm strength, and of a yellowish brown color. A cubic foot
unseasoned weighs 70 to 75 lbs, and when seasoned 60 lbs. Its specific grawity ts ‘960; 2t is valued for keels of ships and for planking below the water
line and makes good trenails, itis also used in the construction of carts when great strength is required, and for furniture, and in Ceylon for
bridges. The oil pressed from the ripe fruit is used by the poorer natives as lamp-oil, and for cooking purposes, and cakes are made of tt, and it zs
also used medicinally. The guamy juice which abounds in the bark and young fruit is also used medicinally as are the leaves and bark, and the
oil is used in making soup in India, and in the manufacture of candles in England. Its price is about 3 Rs. per maund. The tree flowers inthe
hot weather, and the flowers are dried in the sun and roasted and eaten by the poorer classes, they are also eaten by animals and birds. I have
an allied species from South Canara (banks of river's), which is called Nanil, in character it is intermediate between this species and elliptica,
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BASSIA ELLIPTICA. (Nat. ord. Sapotacez.)
For Gen. Char. see under “ Bassia latifolia.”
Bassi ELLIPTICA. (Dalzell.) A very large tree, bark rusty, leaves fascicled at the ends of the branches, somewhat
coriaceous dark green above, paler beneath, entire long petioled oblong obovate tapering at the base, terminated in a sudden and blunt
acumination, venation indistinct above but marked beneath, peduncles axillary 1-3, 3-4 times longer than the petiole, in fruit erect ;
calyx 6-parted, in 2 series, 3 outer divisions broader and larger than the 3 inner and more leathery ; corol 5-6 cleft contorted in zstiva-
tion deciduous, hairy on the inside of the tube at the insertion of the stamens; stamens 12-18, inserted on the inside of the tube
- shorter than the corol sessile extrorse 2 celled, alternate in 2 rows but the apex of all the anthers reach the same level ; ovary tomen-
tose 6 celled, cells 1 ovuled, ovules attached to a basal placenta, style nearly three times as long as the ovary, stigma simple, fruit oblong,
size of a large almond 1 seeded by abortion, seed erect, exalbuminous cotyledons fleshy. Dalz. in Hook. Journ. of Bot. iii. p. 36 ;—
Isonandra acuminata. Cleghorn in Memorandum on the Pauchotee or Indian gutta tree.
A gigantic tree, 100 feet high and up to 12 feet in girth, common in all the moist sholas of the Western Ghats of the Madras Presidency,
up to 3,500 or 4,000 feet, and in similar localities on the Bombay Ghats ; the timber is hard and not unlike Sal inits grain, and takes a good polish.
Tt is much employed by planters for building purposes,ond might be used for furniture. A sort of gutta exudes from the trunk, which rs known
as pala gun or Indian gutta percha. It is not of any value compared with the true gutta percha, but might be used as a burdlime or a cement, and
perhaps for encasing telegraph wires. The tree is known by the native names of Pala and Pauchotee.
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ACROCARPUS FRAXINIFOLIUS. (Nat. ord. Leguminosee ;.Sub-ord. Czsalpiniese ; Tribe Euczsalpiniez.)
AGROCARPUS. (Wight.) Gen. Pl. 1, p. 568.—Calyx tube campanulate, lobes 5 short lanceolate, petals 5 narrow subequal subcoriaceous,
subimbricate, inserted on to the mouth of the calyx and alternate with its shorter lobes ; stamens 5 free alternate with the petals, filaments broad at the
base subulate elongate, anthers oblong linear versatile, cells dehiscing longitudinally ; ovary stipitate, stipe free, many ovuled, style short inflexed, stigma
small terminal, legume unknown. An unarmed tree, leaves very large bipinnate, leaflets ovate acuminate herbaceous, racemes axillary solitary or 2-3 at
the apex of the branches.—Wight’s Icones Pl. 254.
ACROCARPUS FRAXINIFOLIUS. (Wight.) An immense deciduous tree, often with very large buttresses, bark light
grey colored, young parts aureo-pubescent, leaves glabrous bipinnate, pinnee 3 pairs with a terminal pinnee, leaflets equally pinnate 4-6
opposite pair ovate acuminate herbaceous 3-3} inches long by 13 broad, racemes many flowered, flowers dull greenish red, calyx and
corol minutely aureo-pubescent on the outside.
One of the largest and loftiest trees in our Presidency, generally of very straight growth, with large buttresses at the base. It is very
general about the western forests, as I have observed it on the Tinnevelly and Travancore Hills, on the Anamallays, Nilgiris, Wynad, and in Ooorg
and South Canara. It ascends from the plains up to nearly 4,000 feet. Ihave measured a tree 27 feet in girth above the butiresses : the flowers appear
in December or January with the young leaves, or when the tree is quite destitute of foliage, but I have never yet been able to procure the legume or
seed. The timber is flesh colored and shrinks in seasoning ; it is light and much resembles that of the Cedrela toona, and has a cedelaceous smell ;7t ws
much used by the planters at Coonoor and in the Wynad for building purposes, furniture, kc. and in Coorg it is largely used for shingles. Lt zs
known to planters by the names of shingle tree, pink cedar, and red cedar, and is called Mallau kone in Tinnevelly, and Kilingi by the Puatss
on the Nilgiris ; it is of rapid growth, and well worthy of cultivation by the Forest Department.
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ORMOSIA TRAVANCORICA. (Nat. ord. Leguminose ; Sub-ord, Papilionacee ; Tribe Sophorez.)
ORMOSIA. - (Jacks.) Gen. Pl.1, p. 556.—Calyx campanulate 5 cleft, or the 2 upper lobes often united into one, standard broad, keel petals
not longer free, stamens free, often very unequal, and one sometimes without any anther, ‘ovary sessile or nearly so, with two or few ovules, style rolled
inwards at the top with a lateral stigma, pod flattened 2-4 seeded, opening in two thickly coriaceous or woody valves, seeds shining scarlet or scarlet and black,
rarely brown-red, the radicle very short ; trees, leaves pinnate, the leaflets usually opposite with a terminal odd one, flowers in terminal panicles, or rarely
in simple racemes in the upper axils.
OrmMosiA TRAVANCORICA. (Bedd.) A tree, young parts fulvo-tomentose, leaves glabrous, 8-14 inches long by
4.7 broad, leaflets about 5-6 pairs with a terminal one oblong to elliptic with acute or obtuse point at the apex 2-6 inches long by
= to 2 inches broad, petioles } to 4 an inch long, panicles in the upper axils shorter than the leaves, fulvo-tomeutose as is the calyx and
bracteoles, many flowered, flowers very shortly peduncled in pairs along their branches, legume very hard woody, 2-24 inches long by
13 broad, 1-2 seeded, seed bright scarlet.
A middling sized tree—Travancore and South Tinnevelly Hills (up to 3,500 feet), S. Canara ghais, and probably elsewhere on the
Western Ghats of oux Presidency. The timber appears to be remarkably good, but at present is almost unknown.
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ADENANTHERA PAVONINA. Linn. (Nat. ord. Leguminosz ; Sub-ord. Mimose ; Tribe Adenantherez.)
ADENANTHERA. (Linn.) Gen. Pl. 1, p. 589.—-GEN. CHAR. Flowers pentamerous shortly pedicelled, calyx campanulate shortly
toothed, petals cohering below the middle, or at length free, valvate, stamens 10 free scarcely exserted, anthers of the fertile fowers bearing a shortly stalked
deciduous gland, ovary sessile many ovuled, style filiform, stigma small terminal legume linear often incurved or falcate compressed or swollen at the seeds
2 valved, valves entire, generally incurved at length contorted, seeds thick and hard, testa scarlet or two colored. Trees unarmed, leaves bipinnate, leaflets
small in many pairs, racemes elongate slender axillary or panicled at the apex of the branches, flowers white or yellowish, hermathrodite or polygamous.
ADENANTHERA PAVONINA. (Linn.) A large tree, trunk erect, bark dark colored, scabrous when old, smooth when
young, leaves alternate abruptly bipinnate 1-3 feet long, pinnae opposite 4-6 pair, 4-12 inches long, leaflets alternate short petioled
4-12 pairs, oval with the margins waved smooth on both sides 1-2 inches long, petioles round smooth, colored, racemes terminal and
from the upper axils solitary cylindrical about a span long, flowers numerous, small yellowish fragrant, bracts minute caducous.
This large timber tree is said to be wild in the forests of the Northern Circars and elsewhere, but I have myself never met with it wild. It is
very common in a cultivated state, particularly in gardens at Madras, and is abundant in Birmah. The timber, when fresh cut, much resembles the
red sanders, and has a pleasant smell ; it is strong,but not stif, hard, durable, tolerably close and even grained, and takes a good polish. When fresh
itis of a beautiful red color with streaks of a darker chade, but afterwards turns purple and resembles rosewood. A cubic foot unseosoned weighs
62 1bs., and when seasoned 56 Ibs. ; its specific gravity is ‘896, itis used for house building and cabinet making purposes ; it isknown to Europeans
as the red wood tree, and is culled ani kundamaniin Tamil, Bandi gurivenda in Teligoo ; Manjaii in Malayatim, Thorla goonj in the Bombay
Presidency, Madateya in Ceylon, and y-war-gyi in Birmah. The wood yields a red dye used by Brahmins in marking their foreheads. The seeds
weigh 4 grains each, and are used as weights by jewellers. A cement is made by beating them up with borax and water, and the pulp is used mes
dicinally. The tree is easily raised from seed, and is of rapid growth, and has been largely planted in some of our plantations,
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ACACIA ARABICA. Willd. (Nat. ord. Leguminosze ; Sub-ord. Mimose ; Tribe Acacies.)
ACACIA. (Willd.) Gen. Pl. 1 p. 594.—Corol regular, sepals 5-4 or 3 free or united ; petals as many, small valyate in the bud free or
united ; stamens indefinite usually very numerous, free or slightly conuected at the very base, pod linear or oblong flat or nearly cylindrical, opening in 2
valves or indehiscent ; leaves twice pinnate or in some species (Australian) reduced toa simple dilated petivle, (phylloid.) Flowers usually yellow or
white in globular heads or cylindrical spikes often polygamous.
AcAcIA ARABICA. (Willd.) Subarboreous, armed, branches terete glabrous, thorns stipulary sometimes long some-
times short or almost wanting, leaves bipinnate, pinnze about 5 pairs with a gland between the first and last pairs, leaflets 15-20 pairs
glabrous; peduncles aggregated axillary or forming a terminal raceme by the abortion of the leaves, heads of flowers globose yellow,
corol 5 cleft, staraens numerous distinct ; legumes stalked compressed thickish contracted on both sutures between the seeds.
Willd. Sp. 4, p. 1085 ;—W. A. Prod. p. 277 ;—Mimosa Arabica. Zam.
This is the well known Babul tree, It is common all over India, and also inhabits Ceylon ; but I have never seen it truly wild in the forests of
the peninsula. Dr. Stewart however mentions that tt is truly indigenous in Sind. The wood is close grained and tough, of a pale brownish red color.
Lt is used for building purposes, axles and the naves, spokes and felloes of wheels, plough shares, sugar-cane rollers, kneed timbers for ship building,
and many other purposes, but should be seasoned in water to exempt it from the attack of insects. It makes excellent charcoal, and is one of our best
trees for locomotive fuel. When seasoned it weighs 54 Ibs. the cubic foot, and tts specific gravity is ‘864 ; it is called Babul and Keekar im Hindustanee,
Nallé tooma in Teligoo, and Kurroo vaylum in Tamil. The tree delights im black cotton soil, in which it grows very rapidly if irrigated, but it stands
drought better than most trees, and will grow, though of course not so rapidly, without water, and in almost any soil. It is easily raised From seed, but rats
often destroy the roots of the seedlings. The tree is sometimes raised from cuttings ; it will not answer well at any elevation over 3,000 or 3,500 feet. Tt is
not often seen of any great size, but trees of 9 and 10 feet girth are sometimes met with. It is being extensively raised ing our fuel plantations in the
plainse+A transparent gum is procured from incisions in the bark, which is used as a substitute for the trueGum'Arabic ; the bark is used medicinally,
N and also as a brown dye, and to a great extent for tanning purposes, and a decoction of it makes a good substitute for soap. The pod and leaves are good
i fodder for sheep, goats and cattle, '
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ACACIA LEUCOPHLANA. Willd. (Nat. ord. Leguminose ; Sub-ord. Mimose ; Tribe Acaciez.)
For Gen. Char. see under Acacia Arabica.
ACACIA LEUCOPHLAA. (Willd.) _A good sized tree, armed with stipulary thorns, leaves bipinnate, pine 7-12 pairs
with a gland below the first and between some of the last pairs, leaflets 16-30 pairs oblong linear pubescent or nearly glabrous, panicles
large terminal, or from the upper axils, branches and peduncles shortly tomentose, heads of flowers globose shortly peduncled, corol 5
cleft, stamens numerous distinct, legume narrow linear long curved shortly tomentose. Willd, Sp. 4, p. 1083 ;—W. A. Prod. 277 ;—
Mimosa leucophlea, _ Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii. p, 558.
This white barked Acacia is readily distinguished by tis panicled globular inflorescense, and stipulary thorns; it 1s a common tree throughous
the three Presidencies and in Ceylon. The timber is hard and strong, much like Babul, but closer grained and of a deeper color ; it is used for the samé
purposes. A cubic foot wunseasoned weighs 62 lbs., and 55 lbs. when seasor ie its specific gravity is ‘880. It makes excellent fuel for locomotive pur=
poses. It is called Sufaed Keekar in Hindustanee, Velvaylum in Tamil, Tella tumé in Teligoo, Hewar in Bombay, and Katu andara im Ceylon.
The bark is largely used in the distillation of arrack le from Jagivi ; tz also yields a fibre which is tough and strong, and used for fishing nets and
cordage. -
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ACACIA CATECHU. (Nat. ord. Leguminosee, Sub-ord. Mimosez.)
For Gen. ree under ‘ Acacia Arabica.”
ACA tit
Acacta Careouu. (Willd.) “ Arboreous, branches armed with stipulary thorns or sometimes unarmed, young shoots
petioles and peduncles more or less pubescent, leaves bipinnated, pinnze 10-30 pair, leaflets 30-50 pair puberulous, petiole sometimes
armed on the under side with a row of prickles, with one large gland below the lowest pair of pinnee and between the 1-7 extreme pairs,
spikes axillary 1-4 shorter than the leaves ; flowers numerous, petals united, stamens distinct, numerous, legume flat thin straight linear
glabrous 4-8 seeded. Walid. Sp.iv. p.1079 ;—W. A. Prod. p. 272. A, polyacantha, Willd. l.c. A. Wallichiana, i C. Prod. ii. poe
Mimosa catechuoides. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii, p. 562. Mimosa Catechu, Roum. Fl. Ind. ii. p. 563. ke | > es ad A. 9 9 §-
A middling sized tree, with a dark brown bark, common all over India, Birmah and Ceylon, ascending to an elevation of 3,000 or
rarely 4,000 feet, i is very closely allied to A. Sandra, but differs in being softly puberulous and in its nore numerous pinne, and leaflets,
and it generally has a gland between the 6-7 extreme pair of pinne, whereas in Sandra only the 1-3 upper pair have a gland between them.
Acacia Suma of Roxburgh is also closely allied, if not identical with this species. It is called in Hindoostanee Khaira;and Wothalay in
Tamil. The substance of Catechu (formerly called terra japonica) is obtained from the wood of this tree and of the Acacia Sandra, chips of
the heartwood are boiled in eurthen pots, the clear liquor is strained off ; and when of sufficient consistence, it is poured into clay moulds ; th
extract 2s used in dyeing and also medicinally as an astringent, and externally as an ointment for itch, syphilis and burns. Very good catechy
ts obtained from Birmah, and a considerable quantity is made in South Canara, chiefly from A. Sandra, and large quantities are exported from
Bengal. One pound of Catechu hasbeen found io be equal to 7 or 8 lbs. of Oak bark for taxning purposes. The timber is dark colored ; hard
and heavy ; unseasoned 2t weighs 85 to 90 lbs. the cubic foot, and nearly 80 lbs. when seasoned, and has a specific gravity of 1:232; it is close
grained ard durable, works smoothly and stands a good polish, and though somewhat britile is much valued where strength is required, it ts used
| for ploughs, pestles, &c., and in house building and the construction of carts; it is not attacked by white ants. The tree flowers in July, and the
seeds ripen in the cold weather. In Ceylon it is called Rat-kihiri, and an infusion of the wood is much esteemed by the nutives as a purifier of
the blood, and drinking cups are made of tt.
49
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ACACIA SANDRA. (Nat. ord, Leguminose, Sub-order Mimosez.)
For Gen. Char. see under “ Acacia Arabica.”
ACACIA SANDRA. (Roxb.) A tree 20-30 feet high, bark dark brown, everywhere glabrous, branches armed with com-
pressed decurrent recurved stipulary prickles, sometimes entirely unarmed, leaves bipinnate, pinnz 15-20 pairs with a gland on the pe-
tiole below the lowest pair and between the extreme 1-3 pairs, leaflets 20-40 pair small linear obtuse spikes 1-3 together axillary pe-
duncled shorter than the leaves, cylindrical, many flowered, corol 5 cleft, stamens very numerous distinct, legumes flat thin lanceolate
few seeded ; suture straight or occasionally emarginate between the seeds, IV. A. Prod. 273. Mimosa sandra. Loxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 562.
A middling sized tree common throughout the Madras Presidency, Bombay and Mysore, it is very nearly allied to A. catechu, and yields
exactly the same extract from its wood, wt is called Sandra and Nalla Sandra in Teligoc, Karangalli and baga in Tamil. The wood 2s tolerably close
grained and durable; of a dark red color, veined with a darker shade of streaks, it is very heavy, weighing about 96 or 98 lbs. wnseasoned, and 80
los. whan seasoned; its specific gravity is 1296, it is used for building purposes (beams and Bee ), ploughs, mortars and pesiles, dc. and as & good
wood for piles and sleepers.
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ACACLA FERRUGINEA (Nat. ord, Leouminose, Sub-order Mimoseze.)
Por Gen. Char. see under “A. Arabica,”
ACACIA FERRUGINEA. (Roxb.) A middling sized tree, 20-30 feet high, bark deeply cracked, dark rusty colored ;
armed with stipulary conical thorns, occasionally unarmed, branches diffuse, leaves glabrous bipinnate, pinne 3-6 pair with one gland on
the petiole and one between each of the 1-2 extreme pairs, leaflets 10-20 pair oblong linear obtuse, spikes axillary, usually in pairs
cylindrical many flowered, corol 5 cleft, stamens numerous free or slightly united at the very base, legumes fiat lanceolate obtuse hard
2-6 seeded. D. C. prod. ii. p. 468. W. A. Prod. p. 273. Mimosa ferruginea. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 561,
This tree much resembles Acacia Catechu and Sandra and differs chiefly in the smaller number of pinne ; itis common in the jungles
throughout the Madras Presidency,in Mysoreand Birmah, itis called Ansandra and Woonee in Teligoo, Vel Veylum in Tamil,and Sitnetin Birmah ;
at flowers in April and May, the bark is very astringent, and is used by the natives in the distillation of arrack from jaggery in the same way as
the bark of A.leucophlea. The wood is of a reddish brown, streaked with a darker hue, heavy and durable, and does not warp ov crack, the grain
rather course and even, works well and gives a smooth surface; it is used in building and in the construction of carts, ploughs, &c.; it weighs 60 lbs.
per cubie foot when seasoned and 65-70 Ibs. unseasoned, and has a specific gravity of -960.
51
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ACACIA FARNESIANA. (Nat. ord. Leguminosze, Sub-order Mimosez.)
For Gen, Char. see under “ Acacia Arabica.”
Acacta FaRNESIANA. (Willd.) A small tree much branched glabrous or slightly pubescent on the petioles and pe-
duncles ; leaves bipinnate, pinuz 4-8 pair with a gland between the lower and often between the uppermost pair, leaflets 10-20 pair
linear about 2 lines long, stipules converted into slender straight thorns very variable in length, the tree otherwise unarmed, peduncles
usually 2 or 3 together in the older axils, each bearing a single globular head of yellow sweet scented flowers, polygamous bisexual and
male, calyx 5-toothed, corol tubular gamosepalous 5 (rarely 6) toothed, stamens very numerous distinct, legume thick, irregularly cylin-
drical or fusiform turgid, indehiscent filled with a pithy substance in the midst of which lie a double row of seed.— Willd. Sp. iv. p. 1083,
Mimosa Farnesiana, Roxb. #7. Ind. ii. p. 557. Wachellia Farnesiana, W. A. Prod. p. 272.
Apparently indigenous all over the Madras Presidency, Mysore, Bombay, Bengal, but supposed to be of American origin, and to have
been naturalized and run wild, it is also found in Africa and NV. Australia, it is called Kusituri and Oda sale in Teligoo, Veddavala in Tamil,
Jalli in Canarese and Ini babul in Bombay. The wood is very hard and tough, and is used for ship knees, tent pegs, ploughs, dc. &c. A
considerable quantity of gumexudes from the trunk, and a delicious perfume vs made from the sweet scented yellow flowers; zt makes % good
Jenceit properly pruned, and the tree will grow up to an elevation of 5000 feet.
52
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ALBIZZIA. LEBBEK. (Nat. ord. Leguminose, Sub-order Mimosez, Tribe Ingez.)
ALBIZZIA. (Durazzini.) Gen- Pl. 1. p. 596.—GEN. CHAR. Flowers pentamerous hermathrodite or rarely polgamous, calyx campanulate
or tubular toothed or shortly lobate, corol infundibuliform, petals connate to beyond the middle, yalvate stamens indefinite, usually numerous and long,
united in a tube at the base, anthers small, legume broadly linear or oblong flat, thin indehiscent or opening in 2 valves, continuous within, valves not
elastic or contorted, seed ovate or orbicular compressed, funicle filiform. Unarmed trees or shrubs, leaves bipiunate with a gland on the petiole below the
pinnz and others between some or a]l the pinne and leaflets, flowers in globular heads or rarely cylindrical spikes usually hermathrodite, the stamens
usually white or pink, rarely yellow, much longer than in Acacia, This genus differs from Acacia chiefly in the stamens being united into a tube instead of
being free or nearly free at the base, and also inits much longer stamens.
ALBIZZIA Leg BEK. (Benth.) A large tree, trunk generally short, bark ash-colored, young branches flezuose glabrous,
Jeaves about the ends of the branchlets, bipinnate, about a span long, pinne 1-4 pair (sometimes the lower pairs are somewhat alternate)
with a large gland a little below the base of the petiole, leaflets opposite, 4-9 pair oval obtuse or retuse unequal glabrous, about an inch
and a half long and three-fourths broad, with ofteu 1-2 small glands near the base of tle partial petioles, and small ones between the
leaflets, but their presence and number is always uncertain, except those near the base ; peduncles axillary 1-4 together, each bearing a
globular head of shortly pedicelled, white fragrant flowers, calyx long tubular, petals 5 united to beyond the calyx, stamens very
long numerous monadelphous, legume leafy, thin flat broadly linear from 6 to 12 inches long by 1 to 2 broad, remotely 8-10 seeded
indehiscent. Benth.in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. 87. Acacia Lebbek, Willd, D. C. Prod. ii. 466. Acacia apeciose Willd, D. C. pegs
il. 467. Mimosa serissa, Rowb. Ml. Ind. ii, 544. Albizzia latifolia, Bowwin. Encyc. | ne ya Le’ ary A Ar Zi
This tree is common in every part of India, and in Birmah and Ceylon ; tt is better known under the name of Acacia or Albizzia
speciosa, and was long supposed to be distinct asa species from Lebbek, it grows to about 50 feet high, with a trunk up to 8 and rarely 12 feet in
girth ; it flowers in the hot weather, and the seeds ripen in the rains. It. is generally nearly destitute of leaves in the cold season, and it has an
extensive but thin head, it grows in almost all soils and situations. It is called Siris in Aindustanee (and is generally knewn by this name to
Luropeans), Dirasan and Pedda duchirram in Teligoo, Vaghe and Kai Viaghe in Tamil, and Sct in Birmah. When s-asoned the timber weighs 50
ibs. the cubic foot and has a specific gravity of *800, it is hard and durable, ofa light reddish brown color, with darker veins, and vt is not liable
, to warp or crack. It is used for a great variety of purposes, naves of whee's, pestles and mortars, picture frames, furniture, paris of boats.
&c., and the heartwood makes good charcoal. A gum very similar to Gum Arabic exudes from the trunk, and the leaves and twigs are good _
| fodder, the seed is officinal, it is easily raised from seed, and is of very rapid growth, and grows well from cuttings, poles stuck in the ground
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ALBIZZIA ODORATISSIMA. (Nat. ord. Leguminose, Sub-order Mimosez, Tribe Ingez.)
For Gen Char. see under “ Albizzia Lebbek,”
ALBIZZIA ODORATISSIMA. (Willd.) A large tree, unarmed, branches glabrous, leaves bipinnate, pinne 3-4 pair with a
gland on the petiole and between the uppermost pair : leaflets 10-14 pair, narrow oval obtuse oblique glabrous pale on the under side:
panicle terminal and axillary, the ultimate divisions cymose or somewhat umbellate, flowers in small globose heads, corol tubular 4 cleft
to the middle, stamens monadelphous, legume flat broadly linear, thin, thick-margined, about 10 seeded. Willd, Sp. iv. p. 1063.
Mimosa odoratissima, Row). Fl. Ind, ii. 546. Acacia odoratissima, @, A. Prod, p. 275. A-lomatocarpa, D. C. Prod. ii. 467. Mimosa
marginata, Lam. :
This is one of our most valuable jungle timbers ; it is abundant throughout the Madras Presidency, in Mysore. Bombay, Bengal,
Bumah, and Ceylon, its Tamil name is Kar Vaghe ; and in Teligoo it is cailed Shindagu and Telsu, and in Ceylon Hoore mara ; it does not
ascend the mountains much above 3000 feet. The wood is hard, coarse grained, equal to Teak in strength, of a dark reddish brown or brown
color, and takes « good polish ; it is much used for building and cabinet purposes, naves and felloes of wheels, &c., its specific gravity vs “736 and
when seasoned tt weighs 46 1b. the cubic foot, The tree Rowers in the hot season ; the juice of the bark is used medicinally by the natives,
54
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ALBIZZIA STIPULATA, (Nat. ord. Leguminose, Sub-ord. Mimoseze, Tribe Ingee.)
For Gen. Char. see under “Albizzia Lebbek,”
ALBIZZIA STIPULATA. (D. C.) A very large tree, unarmed, young shootsirregularly angled, and the petioles tomentose,
leaves bipinnate, pinne 6-20 pair with a gland on the petiole and between each of most of the upper pairs; leaflets 20-30 pair on each,
pinna, oblongo-linear faleate acute 3-5 lines long, the midrib close to the inner edge, stipules membranous semicordate acuminate,
sometimes nearly an inch long, very conspicuous on the young branches, but soon deciduous, peduncles usually about 4 inch long, clustered
along the branches of a terminal panicle, bracteas large, heads consisting of 10 to 20 flowers about 3 lines long, corol tubular pubescent
5 cleft, stamens about 20, above 1 inch long monadelphous at the base, calyx much shorter than the corol pubescent, legume 3-5 inches
long, 9-10 lines broad, flat thin linear lanceolate glabrous 6-12 seeded. D. C. Prod. ii. 469, Acacia stipulata. W. A: Prod. 274. Mimosa
stipulata. Roxb. Hort. Bengh. Mimosa stipulacea. Roxb. Fl, Ind. ii. page. 549.
This very handsome treeis not uncommon throughout the Madras Presidency, Mysore, Bombay, Bengal, Birmak and Ceylon ; 2
ascends the mountains to nearly 6,000 feet, but is also common in the plains, particularly in S. Canara, where its timber is much in use. It is
called Konda chiraguin Teligoo, and sometimes Chindagu ; Kal bage in S. Canara, Seet and Boomayzain Birmah, and Cubal mara in Ceylon.
The timber is strong, compact, stiff, coarse grained and fibrous, of a light reddish brown color, and is used for building purposes, naves of wheels,
&c., its specific gravity is *880, and it weighs 55 lbs. the cubic foot when seasoned, and 63 to 65 unseasoned ; tt attains a very large size, and must
bea very rapid grower, as Dr. Roxburgh mentions one that he planted which measured 48% inches in circumference at 4 feet from the grownd, when
7 years old, and Dr, Stewart mentions one that measured 7 feet in girth when 17 years of age in the Saharunpore garden.
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PROSOPIS SPICIGERA (Nat. ord. Leguminose, Sub-ord. Mimoseze, Tribe Adanantherez.)
PROSOPIS. (Linn.) Gen. P2. 1,591.—GEN, CHAR. Flowers polygamous bisexual and male, 5-merous, sessile, calyx campanulate shortly
toothed, petals connate below the middle or at length free valvate, stamens 10, free shortly exserted, anthers gland-tipped or rarely without glands, ovary
sessile or stipitate many ovuled, style filiform, stigma terminal small, legume continuous filled with pulp linear cylindrical falcate or contorted slightly com-
pressed torulose indehiscent at length falling to pieces ; seed ovate compressed. Trees or shrubs armed or unarmed, leaves bipinonate or occasionally simply
pinnate, flowers spiked, rarely in globular heads,
PROSOPIS SPICIGERA. (Linn,) A tree armed with scattered prickles, or occasionally unarmed, trunk tolerably erect,
bark deeply cracked, of a dirty ash color,branches irregular, very numerous, forming a shady head; leaves 2-4 inches long, alternate gener-
ally bipinnate, with 1-2 rarely 4 opposite pair of pinnz and a gland between each pair, rarely simply pinnate, leaflets 7-10 pair opposite
oblong linear obtuse entire glabrous, about 4 an inch long and { broad, -stipules none, spikes axillary several together elongated filiform
nearly erect, anthers tipped with a deciduous gland, bracts minute one flowered caducous, flowers small yellow, lezume cylindric filled
with mealy pulp. W. A. Prod.p.271. Linn. Mant. p. 68. Adenanthera aculeata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. p. 371.
This tree is to'erably common throughout the Madras Presidency ; and in Mysore, Bombay, and Kengal, but does not ocewr in Ceylon or
in Birmah ; it is frequently found of large size in the denser forests, and rarely attains to a girth of about 9 feet, It is called Perumbe and
Vunze in Tamil, Shumee in Bengal, Sounder in the Bombay Presidency, and Sumree in Guzerat ; its timber weighs about 100 lbs. unseasoned and
72 lbs., seasoned, and has a specific gravity of 1152. It is dark red in color, sti'aight and close grained, hard and durable, and superior to Teak im
strength, and is much used for building purposes and cart wheels, and occasionally for furniture, and makes excellent fuel. It is of very slow
growth ; it flowers in the hot weather ; the mealy sweet substance in the pod rs eaten by the natives, and a gum exudes from the tree, ;
56
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SARACA INDICA. (Nat. ord. Leguminose, Sub-ord. Czesalpiniess, Tribe Amherstez.)
SARACA. (Linn.) Gen. Pi. 1. 583.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx furnished at the base with 2 opposite bracteoles, tube lined with a disk elongate,
Segments 4-5 petaloid, ovate subequal imbricate, petals none, stamens 3-9 rising from the crenulated ring-like apex of the disk, free, filaments elongate,
anthers oblong, cells dehiscing longitudinally : ovary stipitate, the stalk below cohering to one side of the calyx tube free above, style filiform, stigma ter-
minal obtuse, ovules 8-12, legume oblong or elongate compressed or a little turgid 2 valved 4-8 seeded, seed exarillate, albumen none. Trees unarmed
leaves abruptly pinnate, leaflets few paired, stipules intra-foliaceous caducous, racemes panicled. (Jonesia. Roxb.)
SARACA INDICA. (Linn) A middling sized ramous tree, trunk erect though not very straight, bark dark brown, pretty
smooth, branches numerous, spreading in every direction and forming an elegant and shady head, leaves alternate abruptly pinnate,
sessile 10-15 inches Jong, when young pendulous and colored, leaflets opposite 4-6 pair, lanceolate 4-6 inches long by 1-1} broad, smooth
shining and firm in texture with the margins often alittle waved, stipules intra-foliaceous, caducous, panicles short axillary and terminal nearly
globular, large and crowded with flowers, bracts small cordate, flowers pretty large, when first expanding of a bright orange color, chang-
ing to red, fragrant at night, calyx funnel shaped, furnished at the base with 2 nearly opposite colored cordate bracts, tube of the calyx slightly
incurved firm and fleshy, lined with a disk, divisions of the calyx 4 rarely 5, spreading petaloid ovate subequal, imbricate, one third the
length of the tube, corol none, stamens 7, rarely 8-9 rising from the crenulated ring-like apex of the disk, filaments equal free, 3 or 4
times longer than the divisions of the calyx, ovary stipitate, the stalk below cohering to one side of the calyx tube, style nearly as long as
the stamens, stigma single, legume scimitar shaped turgid on the outside, reticulated 6 to 10 inches long and about 2 broad, seed 4-8
smooth. Linn. Mant. p. 98. Rheed. Mal. v. p. 59. Jonesia Asoca, Rou). Hl. Ind.ii. p. 218. Saraca arborescens, Burm, Ind, p. 85.
t, 25. f. 2. Saraca pinnata, Welld. Sp. ii. p. 287.
This eaceedingly handsome tree is indigenons wp to an elevution of 3,000 fe2t in the forests of S. Canara, the Concan, Mysore, Gumsur,
Cuttuck, Eastern Bengal and Ceylon, and is cultivated in gardens at Madras and all over Intia ; us bright orange flowers and pendulous colored
young leaves make it very showy when in flower. It is culled Asok or Asoka in Bengal, Ashunkar in S. Canara, Jassoondie in the Concan, and
Deya-raimal in Ceylon ; tt flowers during the hot season, and its seed ripens in the rains. I know nothing uf its timber, and am not aware that ct
has ever been tried ; as a shade yielding ornamental tree it scarcely has an equal ; it is much better known under Roaburgh’s name of Jonesia than
under the old Linnean name of Saraca, but the latter has priority and is now adopted. :
— ee Piggev it.
BERRYA AMMONILIA. (Nat. ord. Tiliaceze.)
BERRYA. (Roxb.) Gen. Pl. 1. p. 232.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx campanulate irregularly 3-5 cleft, petals 5,naked at the base, stamens nu-
merous free inserted-on to the torus, which is not elevated, staminodia none, anthers subglobose, cells at length confluent, ovary 3 lobed, 8 celled cells 4
ovuled, style subulate, stigma 3 lobed, capsule subglobose 6 winged, 3 celled 3 valved loculicidal, each valve furnished with 2 large oblong membranaceous
reticulated horizontal villous wings, seeds 1-4 in each cell densely covered with short rigid hairs, albumen fleshy, radicle superior, cotyledons foliaceous. A
tree, leaves alternate entire 5-7 nerved, panicles terminal and axillary, flowers numerous, white. (Espera, Willd. Hexagonotheca, Turcz.)
Brrrya AMMONILLA. (Roxb.) Trunk tolerably straight, with smooth light brown bark and an extensive dense shady
head, leaves alternate petioled, cordate sometimes slightly scoloped 5-7 nerved acute smooth on both sides, 4-8 inches long, petioles
rather shorter than the leaves, slender round smooth and often colored, stipules ensiform, panicles terminal and axillary large ramose bear-
ing numerous elegant middle-sized white flowers; calyx 1 leafed downy outside, splitting irregularly into 3-4-5 segments permanent,
petals 5 spreading linear oblong double the length of the calyx or more, filaments numerous half the length of the petals, anthers incum-
bent 2 lobed, ovary superior hairy ovate 3 lobed 3 celled, with 6-8 ovules in each, attached in 2 vertical rows to the axis, style short stig-
ma 3 -cleft capsule 6-winged, &c., as in the genus. owb. Fl. Ind. ii- 639.
This is the tree which yields the well known Trincomalee wood ; it is indigenous in Ceylon, where it is called Halmililla (hence Rouburgh’s
specific name Ammonilla ), and is not uncommon in the Madras Presidency in a cultwated state, though Ihave never met with it wild; its timber ts
strong, tolerably light, flexible and straight grained easily worked, of a pale red color fading to light brown, and very superior for direct cohesive
strength; tt is used for shafts, spokes of wheels and framing of carriages, handles and helves, and answers all the purposes of Ash in England ; its
specific gravity is *800, unseasoned it weighs 58 to 60 lbs. the cubie foot and 50 lbs, seasoned, it is largely imported into Madras from Ceylon in
logs from 18 to 25 feet long and 24 to 5 feet in girth.
58
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PYGEUM CEYLANICUM. (Nat. ord. Rosacez, Tribe Pruncz.)
PYGEUM. (Geertn.) Gen. Pl. 1. p. 610.—GEN CHAR, Flowers sumetimes polygamo-dicecious, calyx deciduous, tube broadly campanulate
or spreading, teeth 5-6 (rarely more or none) small, petals as many, usually resembling the calyx-teeth inserted into the j*ws of the tube of the calyx,
. stamens 12-20 inserted with the petals, filaments filiform, anthers didymous, ovary superior sessile of a single carpel attenuated into a terminal style, stigma
peltate, ovaries 2, pendulous, fruit dry coriaceous or drupaceous usually as broad as or broader than long with a smooth kernel, containing a single seed,
cotyledons very thick, radicle superior. Trees, leaves alternate simple entire coriaceous, stipules small very deciduous, racemes axillary or lateral solitary
or fascicled, flowers small. (Polydontia, Blume Bijd. 1104. Polystorthia, Bl. £7. Jav. Pref. VI11.)
Pycrum CryiaNnicum. (Gartn.) A gigantic tree, leaves from elliptic, very obtuse at both ends, to sub-orbicular gla-
brous, when dry ofa rusty brown beneath, 4-7 inches long by 2-3 broad, petioles 4 inch long, racemes shorter than the leaves, axillary
solitary, covered with short adpressed hairs, flowers small, petals 5 reflexed, externally hairy round the margin, drupe shortly tomentose
at length subglabrous.—Gert. Frut. i. 218. ¢.46. Polyodontia? Walkerii. Wight Jil. i, 208. Pygeum acuminatum, Coleb. Linn.
Trans. XII. 360. ¢, 18.
This tree is common on the Anamallays, and I have also met with it on the Shevaroys and on the Pulneys and Tinnevelly ranges; in the
Anamallay sholas ot an elevation of 4,000 feet it grows toan immense size and occasionally has very large buttresses, I have seen trees much’ over 20
feet in girth with an enormous spreading head. Nothing is known of its timber in this Presidency, vt is reddish colored and apparently adupted for
cabinet purposes, and the tree has no native name ; vt is also found im Ceylon, where rt is called Galmora; the seed when bruised has a strong smelt
of prussic acid.
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GLUTA TRAVANCORICA (Nat. ord, Anacardiaceze.)
GLUTA (Linn.) Gen. Pi. 1. 421.—GEN. CHAR, Flowers hermathrodite, calyx spathaceous, splitting irregularly, caducous, petals § rare-
ly 4-G attached to the base of the torus spreading imbricate, torus stipitiform, stamens 4-6 equal inserted on to the torus above the petals, filaments free,
ovary stipitate, depressed glubose oblique 1 celled, style lateral or terminal filiform stigma simple, ovule pendulous from the funicle which rises from the
pase of the cell, fruit baccate pedicellate, with a rough brownish rind, seed shaped to the cell, cotyledons very large connate fleshy, radicle very small
obtuse incurved. ‘Trees, with caustic juice, leaves alternate towards the apex of the branches shortle petiolate simple oblong coriaceous, panicles axillary or
terminal. (Syndesmis, Vall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. p. 314. Stagmaria, Jack, Mal. Misc. 2x. Hook, Comp. Bot. Mag. 1, 267,)
Giuta TRAVANCORICA (Bedd.) A very large tree, leaves crowded about the apex of the branches alternate entire elliptic
attenuated at both ends to obovato-elliptic, 4-6 inch long by 13—1? broad, glabrous on both sides, petioles very short dilated, panicles
terminal and from the upper axils crowded canescent with very short adpressed pubescence, calyx sub-entire or irregularly and slightly
5-toothed, splitting irregularly and early caducous, bracts ovate cymbiform, petals 5 imbricate, fruit depressed transversely oblong
with a rough brownish rind, about 1 inch long and 14 to 14 broad.
Mr. Athol MacGregor, now the Collector of Malabar, first brought this tree to my notice as a valuable timber tree growing on the South
Tinnevelly mountains and known as the Shen kurant. It is the first species of the genus found on the continent, though about 6 species inhabit
the Archipelago, its timber vs reddish in color, weighs 40 lbs. the cubie foot when seasoned, has a fine grain, takes a good polish and is well suited
for furniture. The tree is most abundant in the dense moist forests on the Tinnevelly and Travancore chain of ghats above Paupanassum ang
grows to a very large size, trees having been observed up to 15 feet in girth and of immense height with a very straight stem.
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ALBIZZIA AMARA. (Nat. order Leguminos; Sub-order Mimosez.)
For Gen, Char. see under “A. Lebbek.”
ALBIZZIA AMARA. (Willd,) A tree, unarmed ; branches terete, young shoots petioles peduncles and under side of the
leaflets clothed with yellowish tomentum ; leaves bipinnate, pinne 8-10 pair with a gland on the netiole and between the last pair,
leaflets 20-30 pair, when old somewhat glabrous, stipules lanceolate, peduncles solitary or aggregated long and filiform in the axils
of the upper leaves and racemose from the abortion of the leaves; flowers small in globular heads, corol 5 cleft, stamens Jong numerous
monodelphous ; legumes flat thin broadly linear 3-6 seeded. Acacia amara, Willd. Sp. 4, p. 1074 ;—W. A. Prod. p. 274, Mimosa
amara, Roxb. £. Ind. ii, 548.
A tolerably large tree but of low stature, very abundant throughout the Madras Presidency, Mysore and Bombex, and also mmhabits the
north of Ceylon. Lt is called Nalla renga or Nalla regoo and Nartingee in Teligu, and Woonja in Tamil; it has a maximum height of about 30
feet, with a girth seldom exceeding 5 or 6 feet. The wood is dark-brown, mottled, and very handsome, strong, fibrous, and stiff, close-grained, hard and
durable, superior to Sal and Teak in transverse strength and direct cohesive power, itis much used by the natives for building purposes, beams, &c..
and in the construction of carts and ploughs, and makes excellent fuel, being most extensively cut for the Locomotives in the Salem district and along
the Bangalore line ; the natives use the leaves for washing their hair ; the tree grows most rapidly as coppice.
61
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MICHELIA NILAGIRICA. (Nat. order Magnoliaceze.)
MICHELIA. Zinn. Gen. PJ. 1.19.—GEN. CHAR. Flowers hermathrodite, sepals and petals all similar and colored, 9-many, in 3-many
series imbricate, anthers linear adnate introrse bursting longitudinally, gynophore stipitate, ovaries many, spicate one celled 2-8-many ovuled, carpels ar-
ranged in a loose spike of a consistence between leathery and fleshy opening from the apex downwards, seeds several externally fleshy. Trees, with entire
leaves like the Magnolia, flowers large axillary fragrant white or yellow.
MiIcHELTA NILAGIRICA. (Zenker.) A handsome tree of considerable size with the young parts sericeo-villous,
leaves elliptic acute, or oval obtusely acuminate or broadly obovate, glabrous on both sides or pubescent on the costa beneath, very
variable in size 3-5 in. long, by 14-2 broad, petioles 3rd in. long, flowers white, sepals and petals 9-12 exterior obovate, interior oblongo-
lanceolate acute, spathes silky, stamens numerous shorter than the column of fructification, ovaries numerous, ovules 2-4, carpels warty
arranged along a spike 2-8 inches in length. Zenker Pl. Ind. t. 20 ;—Wight Ill. i, 14; Icon. t. 938. M. Pulneyensis, Wight It.
i, 14,¢. 5. M. ovalifolia glauca et Walkeri, Wight 7. c. 13.
This is a very ornamental Magnolia-like tree common on the higher ranges of the Nilgiris, Pulneys, &c., and on the elevated mountains in
Ceylon, and occasionllay met with at lower elevations in our western forests. It differs considerably in the size and shape of the leaves, and size of tts
perianth-leaves, and Dr. Wight made several species of the S. Indin and Ceylon forms, but they all run one into another and cannot be properly dis-
tinguished, at least more than varieties. Ft is called Shemboogha in Tamil; the wood is streng, close and fine grained, but very hygrometrical i ute
used for building purposes, beams and rafters.
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THESPESIA POPULNEA. (Nat. order Malvacez.)
THESPESIA. Corr. Gen, Pl. 1. 208.—GEN. CHAR. Bractlets 3-8 small or deciduous, calyx minutely 5 dentate, rarely 5 cleft, column
toothed at the apex; ovary 5-celled, each cell with a few ovules, styles club-shaped with 5 grooves, capsule woody coriaceous opening loculicidally or al-
most indehiscent, seeds obovoid glabrous or tomentose, cotyledons much folded enclosing the radicle often marked with small black dots. Trees or shrubs,
leaves entire or lobed, flowers yellow ; this genus is distinguished from Hibiscus by its confluent stigmas, more woody capsule and obovoid compressed seeds.
THESPESiA POPULNEA. (Cav.) A tree, young branches as well as the petioles, pedicels and calyx covered with small
peltate scales, leaves long petioled cordate ovate acuminate, 7 nerved, smooth leathery entire or sinuous, stipules falcate, flowers solitary,
axillary stalked, peduncles shorter than the petiole, epicalyx of 5 oblongo-lanceolate deciduous segments as long as or longer than the
cup-shaped entire or slightly 5 lobed calyx, corol nearly 2 inches in leugth 4 times exceeding the calyx, fruit roundish depressed slightly
beaked 5 celled indehiscent or opening toa slight extent at the top, seeds 2 in each cell of the fruit large compressed laterally near
the hilum, roundish above, testa pubescent nervoso-striate. De, 1,456. Hibiscus populneus, Linn. Sp. 976.
A handsome tree when in flower and of very rapid growth ; it rarely exceeds 15 or 20 feet in height, or a circumference of 6 feet ; it is
abundant throughout India and in Ceylon as an avenue or cultivated tree, particular near the coast, but I have never seen it in forests ; it is very
generally known by its Hindustani name of Péras pipal, and is alled Pursa and Poorsung in Tamil, and the Portia tree by Europeans, and in
Ceylon its native name is Sooreya. The tree grows very readily from cuttings ; any large boughs stuck into the ground rooting readily, but these trees
have always the heart wood very unsound, and are only fit for fuel, and besides have a gnarled and ugly appearance ; handsome trees are grown from
seedlings, und their timber is highly prized, it is strong, straight, even grained and durable, of a pale reddish color fading to reddish brown, and is
easily worked. A cubic foot unseasoned weighs 59 to 62 lbs., and seasoned 49 lbs., and the specific gravity is *784; it is much used for gun stocks and
also for furniture, boat timbers, naves, felloes, pannels of carriages and cart framing, cc. ; the capsules yield a yellow dye which is used os a wash
for cutaneous diseases, as is also the bark boiled in water, and the latter is given internally as an alterative. c
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MESUA COROMANDELINA. (Nat. order Guttiferee; Tribe Calophyllez.)
MESUA. Zinn. Gen. Pl. 1, 176.—GEN. CHAR. Flowers hermathrodite, sepals 4, petals 4, stamens numerous free or connate at the very base,
filaments filiform, anthers erect oblong 2 celled dehiscing longitudinally, ovary 2 celled, style elongate, stigma peltate, ovules 2 in each cell erect, fruit from
fleshy to nearly woody one celled from the obliteration of the dissipiment, 2 valved 1-4 seeded, seed exarillate, cotyledons thick fleshy, radicle very small.
Trees, leaves simple oblong lanceolate very shining above, glaucous beneath, flowers large white axillary or terminal solitary.
Mesuva CoROMANDELINA. (Wight.) Leaves narrow lanceolate ending in a long tapering blunt point, shining
above pale or more or less glaucous beneath, 24-34 inches long by 1-14 broad, petioles 3 of an inch long, flowers axillary and terminal
about 14 inch across when fully expanded, peduncles shorter than the petioles. Wight Icones Pl.117. Mesua ferrea, W. A, Prod. p.
162 (Hucl, syn.) Mesua pulchella, Planch. et Triaw, a Ceylon tree, is very closely allied.
This is a very handsome tree common in nost of the mountain forests on the western side of ou Presidency, growiag with its congener,
speciosa, from which it is readily known by its much smaller leaves and flowers ; at is generally known by the name of Nagha or Nagha Champa,
and is called Nangal and Mallay Nangal in Tamil, and on the Tinnevelly ghats, where it is very abundant and its timber much in use ; it is called
Nir Nang to distinguish it from Mesua speciosa which is called Nang. All the Mesuas have a very hard heavy reddish colored timber known as Iron
_ wood and perhaps the hardest and heaviest timber in India, axemen dislike very much to fell them, as they turn the edge of their axes, the wood is
most valuable for engineering purposes and is largely used in Ceylon, and this species is much in use with the natives in Tinnevelly, and is looked
upon as one of their best timbers, but in the Wynad and other parts, where tt is also abundant, vt is not utilized and seems hardly to be known.
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DIOSPYROS EBENUM. (Nat. order Ebenacez.}
DIOSPYROS. Dalech, De. Prod. viii, p. 222.—GEN, CHAR. Flowers diecious, calyx 4-6 lobed or very varely splitting ixregulazly,
eorol tubular campanulate or hypocrateriform estivation convolute 4.6 lobed, stamens in the male flowers 8-50 generally about 16 inserted at the base of
the corol or on the disk or partly on both, filaments of equal length or very unequal and each bearing 1-7 anthers, anthers linear lanceolate, ovary abortive,
stamens in the female flowers 0-4-S or more sterile, ovary 4-8 or rarely 12 celled usually covered at the base with the somewhat enlarged calyx. Trees or
large shrubs armed or unarmed, leaves alternate rarely subopposite, flowers axillary, the female solitary, the male usually in little clusters.
DIOsPYROS EBENUM. (Retz.) A large tree, leaves glabrous shining membranaceous or slightly coriaceous, oblong
obtuse or shortly and bluntly acuminated, 2-7 inches long by # to 24 broad, petioles 2-4 lines long, male peduncles short pilose bracte-
ated about 3 flowered, calyx funnel-shaped slightly pilose, 4 cleft at the apex, corol long hypocrateriform shortly 4 cleft at the apex,
stamens 8-10 inserted on to the base of the corol, generally 2 cleft, each division bearing an anther, one of whichis much longer than the
other, sometimes 3-4 cleft with as many anthers, no rudiment of an ovary, female flowers solitary, calyx 2 bracteated much larger than
in the male, deeply 4 cleft with a callous elevated, 4 lobed marginal ring round its mouth, stamens 8 with double anthers (sterile) in-
serted on to the base of-the corol, stigmas 4, ovary 8 celled, albumen not ruminate. De. Prod. viii, p. 234 ;—Wight’s Icones, t. 188.
This valuable tree is not uncommon tn our mountain forests on both sides of the Presidency and in Ceylon ; it yields the best kind of
Ebony, generally jet-black but sometimes slightly streaked with yellow ov brown, it 1s very heavy, close and even grained, and stands a high polish,
unseasoned it weighs 90 to 100 lbs. the cubic foot and 81 lbs. when seasoned, and has a specific gravity of 1-296 ; it is used for inlaying and ornamental
turnery and sometimes for furniture, but there is not much demand for it in this Presidency. The sap wood is white, hard, close-grained and strong
but not durable, but is used by the natives for various purposes ; it ts called Nalluti in the Cuddapah and Kurnool hill forests, where the tree is very
common and well known. The tree figured by mein my Annual Report for 1866-67 as Diospyros assimilis is very nearly allied if distinct as a
species, it differs however in each of the stamens in the male bearing 4-6 anthers instead of generally only 2 and the stamens in the female flower being
single instead of double, its leaves turn very black in drying ; it is called Kara mara in the South Canara forests, where it is very common both in
the heavy forests in the plains and on the ghats.
The plate represents a fruiting branch of the female tree, a flowering twig of the male, and dissections of the flowers of both sexes. “r
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DIOSPYROS EXSCULPTA. (Nat. order Ebenacez.)
For Gen. Char. see under “‘ Diospyros Ebenum,”
DIOSPYROS EXSCULPTA. (Ham.) A good sized tree, all the young parts covered with rusty down, leaves alternate
and opposite, oval to elliptic attenuated at both ends softly downy, 3-5 inches long by 13-2 broad, petioles 4 to inch long, male pe-
dunceles a little shorter than or the length of the petioles, 3 flowered, calyx campanulate, 4-6 lobed at the apex, lobes acute erect, corol
gibbous 4-6 parted, divisions of the corol very downy rounded at theapex, stamens1()-15 seated on the hairy receptacle, no rudiment ofan
ovary, female flowers solitary short pedicelled, calyx deeply 4-6 parted with the lobes reflexed at the margin outwards, corol 4-6 parted,
divisions rounded at the apex, stamens none, ovary round hairy 4-5 celled, styles 2 each 2 cleft, fruit size of a pigeon’s egg edible.
De. Prod. viii, p. 223. Diospyros tomentosa, Roxb. F. Ind, ii, p. 532.
This valuable tree is not uncommon in the Cuddapah, Salem and Kurnool forests, and probably elsewhere in our Presidency, andis found
in Bengal and Bombay, t grows to a considerable size and yields a valuable jet-black ebony very similar to that of ebenum, in fact I doubt
af the 2 woods could be easily distinguished ; it is called Tunki in the Cuddapah district and Tumboornee in the Bombay Presidency. The tree
sheds all its leaves in the cold season, and they appear again with the flowers in the beginning of the hot weather.
The plate gives a branch of the male tree in flower and a branch of the female in fruit, and dissections of both male and female flowers.
66
PLEX Vi
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DIOSPYROS WIGHTIANA. (Nat. order Ebenacez.)
For Gen, Char, gee under “ D. Ebenum.”
Diosprros WIGHTIANA. (Wall.) Avboreous, young parts and inflorescence densely velvetty with golden or rust
colored down, leaves alternate and opposite oblong or oval acute or obtuse or sometimes cordate at the base densely velvetty beneath,
less so or glabrescent above 3-7 inches long by 14 to 3 broad, petioles 4 to 1 inch long velvetty, male flowers on small cymose peduncles
which are the length of or longer than the petioles and densely velvetty bearing 6-9 flowers on 2-8 pedicels, calyx tubular slightly 4—5,
cleft at the apex, teeth sharp erect, corol tubular 4-5 lobed at the very apex, lobes acute, stamens about 13 seated on the disk, no rudi-
ment of an ovary, female flowers solitary on thick peduncles which are bracteated at the apex and much shorter than the petioles, calyx
deeply 4-5 lobéd with the lobes acute and reflexed at the margin outwards, corol about twice as long as the calyx, tubular 4-5 lobed
at the apex glabrous within and outside at the base, lobes acute, stamens 8-10 sterile seated on the disk, ovary 4 celled, styles 2 each 2
cleft, fruit large edible. DC. Vol. viii, p. 228.
This tree is common in most of our dry forests, and until I examined it critically I always considered it the D. melanoxylon, which
species I have not met with if distinct from this, but this has always a 4 celled ovary, and quite answers to the description of D. Wightiana as
given in De Candolle’s Prodromus ; its heart wood yields a jet black ebony like the two former, but the trees are always small and stunted
an the trunk, as far as I have observed, and all ebony in log IT believe comes from the two former species. Itis called Tendu in Hindustani, and
Tunki Tumi and Tumbi in Tamil and Telugu ; it sheds its leaves in the cold season, and they appear again with the flowers yearly ir the het
season.
The plate gives o flowering branch of the female tree, and a flowering twig of the male, and dissections of both male and female flowers.
PL.LXVII.
iti ae
DIOSPYROS CALYCINA. (Nat. order Ebenacez.)
Diospyrog CALYCINA, (Bedd.) A good sized tree, every where glabrous, leaves dark shining green narrow lan-
seolate attenuated at the base, tapering at the apex into a very blunt point about 3-34 inches long by a little less than 1 inch
broad, petioles about + inch long, male cymes about half the length of the leaves 3-9 flowered, calyx small 4 toothed, corol urceolate
very gibbous at the base 4 lobed at the apex, bright yellow in color, stamens 6 or 8 each with 2 anthers of equallength placed on
the disk surrounding the large rudimentary ovary, apex of the anthers inflexed and meeting over the sterile ovary which latter is 5
lobed and terminates in a long acumination, filaments slightly hairy ; female flowers solitary on long peduncles nearly half the length
of the leaves, calyx of 4 rarelyonly 3, large cordate imbrieate nerved segments which enlarge with the fruit, corol urceolate gibbous
tube nearly globose, 4 rarely only 3 cleft at the apex, divisions refiexed, staminodia none,-ovary 4-celled, stigmas 4 or 3 sessile, fruit
globose, covered with hairlike scales. Bedd. Annual Report of the Conservator of Forests, Madras Presidency, for 1867-68, t. 1 and 2.
This very curious species of Diospyros has only been observed in the Tinnevelly district and southern portions of Madura, where, how-
ever, it is very abundant in the ghat forests from the foot wp to 3000 feet elevation ; it is called Vellay Toveray, and yields a valuable light colored
svood, which is much in use in the Tinnevelly district.
The plate gives w flowering branch of both male and female trees, and dissections of the flowers of both sewes and young fruit.
68
PL.LXVIK
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DIOSPYROS EMBRYOPTERIS. (Nat. order Ebenaceze.)
For Gen. Char. see under “ D. Ebenum.”
DiosPyROS EMBRYOPTERIS. (Pers.) A middling sized tree, trunk erect straight, bark blackish rust colored, bran-
ches spreading smooth, leaf buds silky, leaves alternate lanceolate or elliptic coriaceous, quite glabrous and shining, about 6 inches long
by 2 broad, petioles about 3 an inch, male peduncles axillary, the length of the petioles 3-5 flowered pedicels reflexed minutely pubescent
furnished with 1 small deciduous bract, calyx spreading shortly 4 lobed hairy outside, corol campanulate nearly 3 times as long
as the calyx, 4 cleft about half way down lobes ovate ciliate, filaments about 20 double bearing 40 erect linear anthers ; female flowers
axillary solitary much larger than the male, peduncles and calyx pubescent, filaments 1-4 sterile situated on the corol near the
base, ovary globular 8-12 celled with one pendulous ovule in each cell, styles 4-6 ? spreading, stigmas branched 2-3 cleft, berry globular
size of a small apple, yellow and covered with rust colored farina, seeds usually 5-8 immersed in pulp. DC. Vol. viii, 235. Diosp.
glutinosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii, 533.
This is a common tree on the western coast, particularly near backwaters, and ts also found in many of our forests in Bengal, Mysore,
Bombay and Ceylon ; it is called Gaubin Hindustani, Tumil in Teloogoo, and Timberee in Ceylon; the timber is only of average quality,
and is used for building purposes, and the very viscid juice of the young fruit is used for paving\ihe seams of fishing boats, and fishing
nets, and lines are steeped in it for durability, and the unripe fruit contains a very large portion of tannin. Masts and uards of country
vessels are made from this tree in Ceylon.
69
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BIGNONIA XYLOCARPA. (Nat. order Bignoniaceze.)
BIGNONIA. Zinn. DC. ix,, 143.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx 5-toothed at the margin rarely entire or S-parted or 2-3 lobed, corol 2 lipped or
nearly equal 5 cleft, stamens 4 fertile didynamous a 5th sterile ; anthers with glabrous cells very often distinct, stigma bilamellate ; capsule with the valves
Searcely convex or flat, partition flat parallel to the valves ; seeds in a single row at each side of the partition, winged on both sides, wing pellucid. Trees or
shrubs, leaves almost always opposite but very various.
BIGNONIA XYLOCARPA. (Roxb.) A large tree, trunk straight, bark ash-colored rather spongy and considerably
cracked, branches sparse, leaves opposite bi-tripinnate 1-4 feet long, leaflets short petioled from semi-cordate to obliquely-oblong entire
acuminate glabrous but hard 2-5 inches long by 1-1} broad, petioles common and partial channelled and sharply angular scabrous with
elevated gray specks, panicles terminal corymbose branches several times dichotomous with a single flower in the forks slightly pube-
scent, bractes ovate-oblong, flowers large white with a tinge of yellow very fragrant, calyx campanulate unequally 5-toothed colored
corol campanulate shortly tubular with 5 rounded much curled lobes, Stamens asin the genus with a fifth sterile one, ovary oblong
with an annular disk round its base 2-celled with numerous ovules attached to 2 thick equi-distant receptacles on each side of the
partition, style the length of the stamens, stigma of 2 oblong lobes, capsule linear variously bent about 2 feet long by 1-14 inches in
diameter, of a very hard woody texture and extremely rough with numerous hard tubercles, 1 celled 2 valved partition contrary sub-
cylindric spongy, seeds numerous winged, cotyledons thin nearly round emarginate, radicle short. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 108.
A common tree in almost all the Madras forests and in Mysore, Bengal and Bombay; the leaves are deciduous in the cold weather
and appear again with or a little after the flowers im March or April; it ts a handsome tree and a rapid grower, and worthy of culti-
vation for ornamental purposes; it is called Vadencarni in Tamil; wood brownish yellow, rather close-grained, takes @ good polish, dnd és
used for cabinet purposes.
The plate represents only a portion of a flowering panicle and a very young frurt.
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Sri SPATHODEA FALCATA. (Nat. order Bignoniacez.)
SPATHODEA. Beauv. DC. Prod. ix, 203.--GEN. CHAR. Calyx spathaceous closed when young at length longitudinally split, then toothed
of entire, corol somewhat infundibuliform, limb 5 cleft slightly unequal, stamens 4 didynamous with a fifth sterile, anthers with the cells separate, stigma
bilamellate, capsule 2-celled loculicidally dehiscing, partition contrary corky or coriaceous, seeds corky membranaceously winged, attached to the partition
not immersed im pits. Trees, leaves opposite rarely alternate, simple, conjugate digitate or unequally pinnate.
SPATHODEA FALCATA. (Wall.) A smali tree, trunk very irregular in size and shape, bark light ash-colored, young
shoots covered with whitish-down, leaves opposite and alternate unequally pinnate, 3-6 inches long by 14-2 broad, leaflets opposite -
2-3 pairs with a terminal odd one nearly orbicular often very retuse at the apex entire slightly downy short petioled from 1 to 3 inches
both ways, racemes about as long as the leaves few flowered, flowers white pretty large, calyx a spathe about 2rds open on the convex
side, corol tube longer than the calyx, cylindric border about 4 inch across, 5 parted divisions flat equal oblong, stamens as in the genus
with a fifth sterile one sometimes present, stigma 2-lobed and capsule linear about 8-12 inches long pendulous twisted in various forms.
Wall. List No. 6517. Bignonia spathacea, Roxb, Fl. Ind. iii, p. 103.
A small or middling sized tree common in most of the forests in the Madras Presidency, in Mysore and Bombay, but not found
in Ceylon or Burma; it is called Wodi in Teligoo. The tinber is light colored, strong and serviceable, and much used by the natives jor
egricultural purposes, building, &c.
PL.LXXI, ae
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STEREOSPERMUM CHELONOIDES, (Nat. order Bignoniaces.)
STEREOSPERMUM. Cham. DO. Prod. ix, 210,.—GEN, CHAR. Calyx coriaceous cup-shaped cylindric subtruncate obtusely 5 toothed,
coro! tube straight eompanulate limb bilabiate, 5 lobed, stamens 4 fertile, and a fifth small sterile, anthers 2 lobed naked, disk fleshy 5 lobed, ovary cylindric
stigma bilamellate, capsule tetragonous or cylindric elongated membranaceous, partition contrary to the valves very cellular and corky thick, seeds bony
thinly winged laterally immersed, except the wings, in notches in the partition.
STERECSPERMUM CHELONOIDES. (Willd.) A. large tree, trunk very straight and of great height and thicknese,
bark thick scabrous brown, branches very numerous, the inferior horizontal, above gradually becoming more and more erect, leaves oppo-
site unequally pinnate about 1 foot long, leaflets opposite with an odd one short petioled generally 4 pair, the inferior smallest obliquely
oval ovate or cblong entire pointed sometimes slightly notched about the margin, glabrescent, about 4 inches long by 2 broad,
panicles terminal the larger ramifications decussate, the amaller or terminal 2 forked with a sessile flower in the fork, peduncles and
pedicels round covered with oblong gray seabrous specks, bracts small caducous, Sowers pretty large yellowish very fragrant, calyx
4 (—51) toothed at the apex, with the two upper teeth bidentate, disk a yellow fleshy ring round the base of the ovary, filaments as
in the genus with a &fth sterile one, anthers double, stigma 2eleft, capsule nearly 2 feet long slender oa sharply tetragonous,
receptacle of the seeds spongy white with alternate notches along the sides in which the seeds lodge. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 106 ;—
Wight Iconee, t.1841.
Thie handsome tree te very common in almost all the forests of the Madras Presidency, up to an elevation of abouk 3000 feet, and
in Mysore, Bombay, Bengal, Birmah and Ceylon, it %3 generally known by the Tamil nameof Padri and ie called Kala g gory, and Moke
Yape in TFeingu, Padel in Bombay, Looioo nadula in Ceylon, and in Birina Thakooppo. The wood is of abeantiful orange yellow color,
close and even grained, elastic and durable, easily worked, and gives & smooth glossy surface; a eubic foot weighs 57 to 60 Ibe. unseasoned,
and 48 Ibe. when seasoned, and its specific gravity is ‘768 ; the sapwood is rather coarse-grained, of a brownish white color, and not durable.
The wood is mich used in housebuilding ane a vo ye) 0 by the natives ; the rosts, leaves, and flowers are used medicinally.
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POLYALTHIA COFFEOIDES. (Nat. order Anonacez.)
Hor Gen. Char. see under “ P, cerasoides.” |
POLYALTHIA COFFEOIDES. (Thw.) A good sized tree, young parts minutely puberulous, leaves lanceolate- or
oblongo-lanceolate glabrous on both sides shining above, (veins very prominent beneath) acute or rounded at the base, gradually
attenuated into an obtuse point at the apex, margins slightly undulate, 4-10 inches long 14-3 broad, petiole + inch long, pedicels
several together from woody tubercles about the trunk and larger branches or solitary or twin in the axils of the fallen leaves on the
young branches, 1-13 inches long, minutely adpresso-puberulous, articulated at the base, and furnished with 2-3 deciduous squamez-
form bracts, sepals nearly round, petals coriaceous, glabrous or slightly hairy, lanceolate, acute or obtuse at the apex, about an inch
jong, inner ones rather larger, carpels puberulous about 1 inch long ovoid attenuated at both ends on pedicels about 1 inch long,
seed oblong, 7 lines long 5 lines broad, flowers cream-colored. Guatteria coffeoides. Hook. and Thom, Fl. Ind. p. 141.
A common tree in all the moist forests on the western side of the Madras Presidency, from 1,000 to about 3,500 feet elevation, and im
Ceylon. It is very abundant in the Wynad, where the Kurambars make ropes from the bark, which when fresh has a strong smell of ammonia. The
tree is found in flower at all seasons but most plentifully so in March and April. LI know nothing of its timber, the young leaves come out a mosé
brilliant red color, and the tree is highly ornamentat, :
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sLXXIT.
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POLYALTHIA FRAGRANS, (Nat. order Anonacez.)
For Gen, Char. see under “ P. cerasoides.”
POoOLYALTHIA FRAGRANS. (Dalz.) A large tree, leaves ovate, oblong or oblongo-lanceolate, rounded at the base
generally oblique ; very prominently veined, especially beneath, glabrous above, slightly pubescent on the costa and veins beneath,
4-9 inches long 2-5 inches broad, petioles about 4 inch long, peduncles about an inck long, from the axils of the fallen leaves, pedicels
filiform, 1 inch long, and (as are the calyx and petals) hoary-puberulous, furnished with a half cup-shaped bract about the middle,
sepals small rotundate; petals 1-14 inches long narrow linear attenuated at the apex, sub-equal ; torus dilated depresso-globose, car-
pels 10-20 oblique ovoid 1-14 ineh long, hoary puberulous, long pedicelled. Dalz. im Hook. Kew. Wisc. iii. 206 ;—Hook. and Thom.
Fl. Ind. p. 142.
A large tree common in the moist forests of the Anamallays, 2-3,000 feet, in Malabar, on the South Canara ghats and Bombay Presidency,
and probably throughout the western ghats of Madras. I wm unacquainted with its timber.
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MITREPHORA GRANDIFLORA. (Nat. order Anonacez.)
MITREPHORA. (Blume.) Benth. and Hook. Gen. Pl. p. 26.—GEN. CHAR. Sepals 3 small, petals 6, valvate in 2 series, exterior large open
furnished with veins, sometimes persistent (after the interior have fallen) and increasing in size, interior unguiculate connivent into a mitreform cap over the
genitalia, stamens numerous densely packed oblong cuneate, ovaries numerous oblong, style oblong or truncate, ovules 4-many in one or 2 series on the
yentral suture. Trees often of large size, leaves coriaceous,
MiTREPHORA GRANDIFLORA. (Bedd.) A large tree, young parts minutely aureo-pubescent, leaves ovate lanceolate,
or elliptic with a short blunt acumination, thinly coriaceous glabrous and shining above, glabrescent beneath, with hairy glands in the’
axils of the veins, 4 5 inches long by 14-24 broad, petioles about 4 an inch long, peduncles leaf-opposed furnished with a bract below
each flower, 2-3 flowered shorter than the petioles, flowers subsessile, bud globose densely aureo-pubescent, exterior petals 1 to 14 inches
long, by = to 2 of an inch broad densely adpressedly velutinous on the outside, sub-glabrous within, pure white turning to yellow,
interior petals 4 to 3 of an inch long triangular at the apex, with a long broad claw, very hairy at the apex, glabrous below, white
beautifully streaked with carmine, forming a mitreform cap over the genitalia, early deciduous, stamens and ovaries indefinite as in the
genus, ovules 4-6 in 2 series, young carpels densely velvetty, mature about the size of a hazel-nut globose and 1 seeded, or oblong and
2 seeded fuscous with dense short tomentum, and furnished with a raised furrow down the whole length.
South Canara ghat forests, elevxtion about 2,000 feet. A large very handsome tree ; when in full flower it is very beautiful, its large flowers
giving it at the distance more the appearance of a Magnoliaceous than an Anonaceous tree, the three inner petals or mitreform cap are early deciduous;
but the three outer ones subsequently increase in size and turn from pure white to yellow ; the timber is very tough. The specimen figured was gathered on
the Coloor ghat.
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PL:LXXV
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ALPHONSEA MADRASAPATANA. (Nat. order Anonacez.)
ALPHONSEA. (Hook. f. et. T.) Gen. Pl. p.29.—GEN. CHAR. Sepals 3 small, petals 6, valvate in 2 series, subequal ovate open or spreading
stamens 6 many, laxly imbricated, connective apiculate and slightly produced beyond the conspicuous dorsal anther cells; torus hemispherical, ovaries 4,
many (rarely solitary).style oblong or depressed, ovules 4-8 in 2 series on the ventral suture (or rarely 1 erect), fruit pedicellate. Trees with very shining
coriaceous leaves, flowers small fascicled.
ALPHONSEA MADRASAPATANA. (Bedd.) A tree, leaves glabrous, very shining on the upper surface, lanceolate
or elliptico-lanceolate or occasionally oblong or ovate, coriaceous, prominently reticulated beneath, obtuse at the apex, about 3% inches
long by 14 broad, petioles about 4 inch long, rugulose glabrous or slightly puberulous, peduncles leaf-opposed or above the axils, very
short, pedicels 1-6, + to 4 an inch long, puberulous furnished with a bract below the middle, flowers bright yellow, sepals ovate
small, petals about 2 of an inch long, puberulous on the outside, stamens 12 in 2 series, ovaries 3-4, style subglobose, slightly curved,
ovules about 8 in 2 rows, carpels ovoid fulvo-tomentose.
A very handsome evergreen shade yielding tree, common on banks of streams on the Cuddapah and North Arcot hills, from no great
elevation up to 3,000 feet. I am not acquainted with its timber ; it is well worthy of cultivation.
76
PL: LXXME
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HYDNOCARPUS ALPINUS. (Nat. order Bixinez.)
HyYDNOCARPUS. (Gertn.) Benth. and Hook. Gen. Pl. p. 129.—-GEN. CHAR. Flowers dicecious, sepals 5 distinct much imbricated, petals De
scales 5 opposite the petals. Male flower, stamens 5-8, anthers oblong uniform fixed on to the filaments at their base, no rudiment of an ovary. Female
flower, staminodia 5 many, stigmas 3-6 as many as the placentz in the ovary, sessile dilated, or on very short styles, fruit large globose, pericarp woody,
seeds numerous with a crustaceous striated testa, albumen fleshy, cotyledons ovate foliaceous plane or subplicate. Trees, leaves shortly petiolate serrate or
entire, racemes axillary few flowered. Gert, Fruct. 1. 288. t. 60.
HyYpDNOCARPUS ALPINUS. (Wight.) A very large ramous tree, 70-100 feet high, leaves alternate ovate acuminate
entire glabrous 4-6 inches long by 1-2 inches broad, when young red, afterwards deep green, sepals all equal reflexed, petals ovate
lanceolate glabrous, scales narrow lanceolate as long as the petals ciliated towards the apex ; male, stamens 5, filaments much shorter
than the petals glabrous, anthers obtuse ; female, calyx, corol and stamens as in the male, but the latter sterile, stigmas 5 sessile obcor-
date spreading, fruit size of an apple clothed with short brown tomentum, seeds many, enclosed in white fleshy pulp, radicle elongate
pointing to the hilum. Wich. Ic. tab. 942.
A very handsome tree with a beautiful foliage, common on the Nilgiris, wp to nearly 6,000 feet, and on the Calcad hills Tinnevelly, at an
elevation of 1,500 feet, and probably throughout the western ghats of Madras ; also in Ceylon, elevation 1,500 feet, called Maratatti on the Nilgiris,
where the wood is much used for beams and rafters for native houses ; it answers us deal for general purposes, packing cases, &c. ; it splits readily, and
is a good firewood. Thetree flowers in July and August.
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SCOLOPIA CRENATA. (Nat. order Bixinez.)
SCOLOPIA. Schreb. Gen. Pl. p. 127—-GEN. CHAR. Flowers he:mathrodite, sepals 4-6 slightly imbricate when very young but open long be-
fore flowering, petals as many and nearly similar, stamens indefinite inserted on to the thickened torus with or without glands. Connective ofthe anthers
terminating in a thick process; ovary with 3-4 placentas and few ovules. Style filiform, with an entire or lobed stigma ; fruit a berry, seed 2-4 with a hard
testa, cotyledons leafy. Trees, often armed with axillary spines, leaves simple with pinnate veins entire or toothed. Flowers small in axillary racemes.
Schreb. Gen, 335. Phoberos, Lour, Fl. Coch. 317. Rbinanthera, Bl. Bydr, 1121. Dasyanthera, Presl. Ret. Hank. ii. 90. ¢. 66.
ScOLOPIA CRENATA. (Wight.) A good sized tree, unarmed, leaves glabrous elliptic slightly attenuated at the base and
gradually narrowed into an obtuse point at the apex, obtusely crenated, without glands at the base, 8-4 inches long by 1-1 broad,
racemes pubescent as long or a little longer than the leaves from the superior axils, flowers nearly 4 an inch in diameter on longish
peduncles which are furnished with 2-3 small bracts at the base, calyx and corol scarcely distinguishable pubescent and ciliated,
placentas of the ovary 4, fruit 5 lines in diameter apiculate. Phoberos crenatus, WA. Prod. p. 29. Flacourtia crenata, Wall l. n.
6679. Phoberos lanceolatus, (Wight). WA. Prod. p. 30.
This tre: ts very common on the Shevaroys, Nilgiris, &e. ; it 1s called Hitterloo by the Burghers on the Nilgiris ; it is w first-rate wood,
and although white, is very hard and dense ; it resists the saw and injures tools ; planks ure said totwist. The Phoberos lanceolutus of Wight has
the leaves narrower and more shining but does not differ otherwise. -
PL: LXXVII,
BIXA ORELLANA. (Nat. order Bixinee.)
BIXxA. Linn. Benth. & Hook. Geu. Pl. 1, 125.—GEN. CHAR. Flowers hermathrodite, sepals 5 much imbricated deciduous, petals 5 large
jmbricate, stamens indefinite with short oblong somewhat tetragonous anthers dehiscing by 2 pore-like transverse slits at the top (really linear anthers
folded back upon themselves dehiscing only in the middle of each lobe), ovary 1-celled with 2 or rarely 3 multiovulate placentas, style slender, stigma
minutely 2 lobed, capsule coriaceous compressed ovoid or subcordate, rarely 3 gonous rough with long stiff bristles, separating into 2 or 3 valves, bearing
the seeds covered with ared pulp.
- Bixa ORELLANA. (Linn.) A small tree or shrub 10-16 feet, the young shoots and inflorescence rusty-puberulous,
leaves alternate ovate or subcordate-ovate, acuminate or entire rarely with 1 or 2 unequal lateral lobes, palminerved at the base usually
4-6 inches long by 24-34 inches broad, glabrous or glabrescent; flowers white or rose colored 13-2 inches in diameter in terminal
panicles or panicled racemes, fruit 14-2 inches long 14 inches broad, rather pointed. DC. Prod. 1. 259 ;—Wight. Ill. tab. 17.
This small tree, though of American origin, is quite naturalized in the Madras Presidency, particulurly on the western coast. The
red pulpy ervering of the seed is uset as a dye under the name of Arnotto; it is prepured by macerating the pod in boiling water, extracting the
seeds, and leaving the pulp to subside, th2 fluid being subsequently thrown off, the residuum with which oil is often mixed is placed in shallow
vessels and diet in the shude ; it is of a bright yzllow color and imparts an orange or pale rose color, to silk aid cotton; the substance is worth
Is. the 1b. in the London Market ; it has medizinal qualisies, being astringent und esteemed an antidete to dysentery. Cordage is made from the
bark of the trez, and the wood is a good one for pro lucing fire by friction. ;
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MORINGA PTERYGOSPERMA. (Nat. order Moringacez.)
MorRINGA. Juss—GEN. CHAR. Same as that of the order, for which see Manual.
MoriInGA PTERYGOSPERMA. (Geertn.) A small or middling sized tree, leaves twice or thrice pinnate, leaflets small
oval, a stalked gland present on the petioles at the insertion of the pinn and the same at the insertion of the secondary pinne, and of
the leaflets, flowers white or rarely reddish, 5 fertile stamens and 5-7 staminodia, capsules triquetrous seeds 3 angled, the angles
expanding into wings. Gaertn. fr. 2 p. 314 t. 147};—Rheed. Mal. 6 t. 11 ;—Wight Ill, tab. 77.
This is the horse radish tree of India. It is very common about villages throughout India, and is quite wild in some jungles ; the root
JFurnishes the horse radish and the fruit is cater in curries ; the seeds yield avery pure sweet oil whichis used as salad oil in the West Indies, and
is also employed by watchmakers, as it does not freeze at a very low temperature. The tree is very easily raised from seed ; its timber is very
soft and useless, and not even fit for fuel ; its twigs and leaves are good fodder. An oil exudes fom incisions in the trunk, which is used in
rheumatism. a aa a
Mr. Dalzeli describes, in his Bombay Flora, a second species under the name of M. Concanensis, which he states is wild on the
ghats in the Concan, and which only differs from this in having larger and rounder leaflets, and in the flowers being yellowish streaked with pink
wis probably only a variety of the tree here figured. A wild variety very abundant on the hills in North Arcot, particularly so in the Thelle
jungles about 16 miles from Vellore, has also much larger and rounder leaflets than the ordinary cultivated form, and is probably Mr. Dalzell’s
tree, though 1 have not seen it in flower; the natives informed me that the fruit of this wild variety is never eaten ; there were no traces of flower or
fruit on any of these trees in the month of December, though all the cultivated ones at the same period were in flower.
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ERYTHROXYLON INDICUM. (Nat. order Linez.)
ERYTHROXYLON, Linn. Benth and Hook. Gen. Pl. p. 283.—Sepals 5, rarely 6, united into a lobed calyx or free, petalsas many with 4
2 lobed appendage inside below the lamina. Stamens 10, rarely 12, the basal tube short without glands, or more or less thickened into 10 glands, the fila-
ments attached inside just below the crenulate top, ovary 3 rarely 4 celled with 1 or rarely 2 ovules in each cell, drupe usually 1 seeded, albumen copious
or thin or none, styles 3 rarely 4 free, or more or less connate. Trees or shrubs, leaves entire, stipules united into 1 with the petiole deciduous or persis-
tent, especially on the leafless base of the young shoots ; flowers small whitish, solitary or clustered in the axils of the leaves or of leafless stipules.
Z. Gen. n. 575, Steudelia, Spreng. Sethia, Kunth,
ErytHRoxyLon Inpicum. (DC.) A small tree, leaves alternate obovate or oblong obtuse cuneate at the kase,
feather nerved reticulated with veins, under side pale, 1-14 inches long, by about 4 an inch broad, pedicels axillary 1-3 about twice as
long as the petiole, 1 flowered, calyx 5 lobed, styles 3 combined nearly to the apex longer than the stamens, stigmas clavate, drupe oblong
triangular 3 celled, 2 of the cells small abortive. Sethia Indica, DC. Prod. 1 p. 576. Erythroxylon, monogynum, Roxb. Fl. Ind.
2 p. 449.
This small tree is common throughout the Madras Presidency ; the timber is flesh colored and excellent, but of small size; the tree is
known as the bastard Sandal, and is called Devadaru in Tamil ; the wood is used as a substitute for Sandal-wood, and an empyreumatic oil or
wood-tar, of a reddish brown color, is procured from it, which is used for preserving the wood employed in the construction of native boats.
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PL: LXXXI
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BOMBAX MALABARICUM. (Nat. order Malvacez.)
BOMBAX. Linn. Benth ard Hook. Gen. Pl, p. 210.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx cup-shaped truncate or splitting into 3-4 lobes, staminal column
divtded into numerous filaments of which the inner ones or nearly all are more or less connected in pairs and united at the base into 5 or more bundles,
ovary 5 celled with several ovules in each cell, style club:shaped or shortly 5 lobed at the top. Capsule woody or coriaceous, opening loculicidally in 5
valves, the cells densely woolly inside, seeds obovoid or globular enveloped in the wool of the pericarp, albumen thin, cotyledons much folded round the
radicle. Trees, leaves digitate with leaflets usually entire, peduncles 1 flowered axillary or terminal, flowers white or red. Salmalia, Schott.
Bompax Mataparicum. (DC.) <A gigantic tree, the trunk at least when young covered with short conical
prickles, leaves on long petioles deciduous, leaflets 5-7 petiolulate, elliptical-oblong acuminate 4-6 inches long coriaceous entire glabrous,
flowers large red or white on short peduncles clustered towards the end of the branches, which are then destitute of leaves, calyx 1] inch
long and more, thick coriaceous glabrous outside, silky-hairy inside dividing into short broad obtuse lobes, petals 8 inches long,
oblong tomentose outside, subglabrous within, staminal column short, filaments much longer, but shorter thau the petals, 5 innermost
forked at the top each branch bearing an anther, about 10 intermediate ones simple, and the numerous outer ones shortly united in 5
clusters, capsule large oblong and woody. DC, Prod. 1.479. Salmalia Malabarica, Schott Meletem 35. Bombax heptaphylla, Caz.
Waght Ill. t. 29;—Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. p. 167. Moul elavao, Rheede Mal. iii. p, 61. t. 52.
This gigantic tree is a very conspicuous and beautiful object in all our forests 3 its trunk is beautifully straight and often 80 or 100
feet to the first bough, of great girth, and generally furnished with very large buttresses. The flowers are very large and handsome, but appear when
the tree is destitute of leaves; it is called the cotton tree by Huropeans, Simal in Hindustani, Boorgha in Teligu, and Ilavam in Tamil ; the timber
is generally considered quite worthless in this Presidency, but in some parts of the western coast, trunks are hollowed outto make river canoes, the
wood is whitish, coarse grained, weak and brittle, soon decays, and is very sulject to the attack of white ants; in some parts the timber is used for
boxes, planks, &c., and it is said to be rendered more durable by the aetion of water, and is consequently used for water conduits, well-curbs, &e., aad
sword scabbards are occasionally made of it. The cotton is used to stuff pillows, &c., but is useless for textile purposes; the gum from the bark and
the root are in use medicinally amongst the natives. Itis found throughout India, and in Birmah and Ceylon ; in the latter place it is called
Katu-imbal, and is in use for toys, models, floats, &c. ; it makes a very poor fuel. The white flowering variety is much rarer than the red.
82
PL: LXXXII.
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GORDONIA OBTUSA (Nat. order Ternstreemiacez. )
GORDONIA, Linn. Benth. and Hook. Gen. Pl. 1 p. 186.—-GEN. CHAR. Sepais about 5, much imbricated very unequal passing from the bract
te the petals, petals aboutas many, thé innermost, the largest, all usually cohering at the base, stamens numerous, anthers short, versatile, ovary 3-5 celled
(rarely 6,) with several (4-8) pendulous ovules in each cell, capsule woody oblong opening loculicidally, the valves bearing the dissepiments, but usually
leaving a free central axis; seeds flattish oblique, expanded at the top into an oblong wing, albumen 0 embryo nearly straight with flat cotyledons. Trees,
leaves coriaceous, peduncles 1 flowered erect or recurved, flowers showy-
GoRDONIA OBTUSA. (Wall.) A middling sized tree, clabrous, leaves cuneate-oblong to elliptic-lanceolate or narrow
lanceolate, obtuse or with a blunt acumination with shallow serratures glabrous 23-5 inches long, by 1-13 broad, petioles
about 2 lines long, peduncles a little shorter than the petioles, petals obcordate, slightly united at the base, silky on the outside as are
the bracts and calyx, stamens somewhat pentadelphous. Wall. L. n. 1459 ;—WA. Prod. p. 87. Gordonia parviflora, Wight. Ill,
This very beautiful tree is very common on the Nilgiris, the Wynad, and throughout the western ghats of the Madras Presidency, from
2,500 feetto 7,500. On the Nilgiris it is called Nagetta ; its timber is white, with a straw tint, even grained and pleasant to work, and not unlike
Beech sit is very generally in use for planks, doors, rafters, and beams, but warps if sot well seasoned.
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VATERIA MALABARICA. (Nat. order Dipterocarpez.)
‘
VATERIA. Zinn. Benth. and Hook, Gen. Pl. p- 193.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx with a very short tube adnate to the torus, divisions sub-equal
imbricate, when in fruit reflexed and scarcely increasing in size, stamens numerous, in many series, anthers linear or oblong, ending in a long single or
double beak, ovary 3 celled, cells 2 ovuled, style subulate, stigma small, capsule ovoid or globose, thick coriaceous or fleshy, seated on the reflexed calyx,
1 seeded indehiscent or 3 valved ; seed thick, cotyledons thick unequal, radicle superior,
Trees, yielding resin, glabrous or furfuraceous, stipules small deciducus or inconspicuous, leaves entire coriaceous, flowers white in terminal
panicles. Bentham and Hooker unite Mr. Thwaites’ Ceylon genus Stemonoporus with Vateria; it has 15 anthers in 2 series, and if united with Vateria,
Monoporandra, with 5 anthers in 1 series, should also be included. De Candolle includes Stemonoporus under Vatica, which has an enlarged calyx when
in fruit. 3 i i ,
4
VatTerid MataBarica. (Bl.) A very large tree, bark whitish, young shoots and all tender parts except the
leaves covered With fine stellate pubescence, leaves alternate petioled oblong entire, slightly cordate at the base, shortly pointed or obtuse
at the apex, coriaceous and smooth 4-8 inches long, by 2-4 broad, petioles 1 inch long, stipules oblong, flowers rather remote on large
terminal panicles, bractes ovate pointed, filaments 40-50 very short, anthers not auricled at the base, terminating in a single long
bristle at the apex, style a little longer than the stamens, stigma acute, capsule oblong obtuse coriaceous fleshy, 2-2} inches long by 13
broad, seed solitary. Bl. Mus. Bot. ii. p. 29. Vateria Indica, Rowb. Fl. Ind, ii. 602. (not Lznn.) Chloroxylon Dupada, Buchanan
Journal in Mysore, d&c., ii. 476. Paenoe, Rheed. Hort. Mal. iv. 33. 15.
This tree has often been confounded with the Ceylon Vateria Indica, though it was well described by Roxburgh ; it differs in its leaves
and fruit being very much smaller, and in the former being obtuse or scarcely acute, never acuminate, and in its anthers terminating in a single
instead of in a double bristle und in not being auricled at the base.
This is one of the handsomest trees in the Madras Presidency ; it is common in all the western forests from the plains up to
3000—4000 feet elevation, and is extensively planted as an avenue tree, particularly near the coast in South Canara, Malabar and-
Travancore ; the avenue of it at Karknl, in S. Canava, is a beantifal sight. Tt is called in English the Piney Varnish tree, the copal
tree, and the white dammer tree, in Telugu Dupada, in Tamil Vellay Kungilium, and in Canarese Paini. It yields the piney gum resin
which exudes copiously from wounds in the trunk, anlis an excellent varnish resembling copal, and of a pale green color, and is used
for carriages aud furniture ; the wood is not much esteemed, but is used for coffins and masts of native vessels, and trunks of the tree
are hollowed out to make canoes for the western coast rivers ; the bark is used to keep toddy from fermenting. ‘The tree flowers in
January. Mr. Broughton the Government Quinologist has furnished.me with the following report on the resin.
RESIN OF VaTERIA INDICA, White dammer or piney resin.—This beautiful substance has long been known, and its properties and local
uses have been repeatedly described. It is also not unknown in England, ond I apprehend. that its cost (and perhaps also ignorance of its peculiar
properties) has prevented it becoming an article of more extended commerce. It should be vemurked that the “ Eust Indian dammer” which is
well known among varnish makers. though frequently confounted with this, is the prcduct of a vary different tree, and is not produced in this
Presidency. The finest specimens of piney resin are obtained by making incisions in the tree, and are in pale green translucent pieces of consider-
able size. The resia that exudes naturally, usually contuins much impurity. In most of its properties it resembles copal, but it possesses quali-
ties which give it some advantages over the latter. Like copal it is but slightly soluble in alcohol, but as Berzelius pointed out in the case of copals,
it can be brought into solution by the addition of camphor to the spirit. It is easily soluble in chloroform, and thus might find a small application
as a substitute for amber in photographer's varnish ; it differs most advantageously from copal by being at once solubledn turpentine, and drying also
without the necessity of the preliminary destructive fusion required by that resin, « process which tends greatly to impair the color of the varnish.
The solution of the piney resin in turpentine is turbid and milky, but by the addition of powdered charcoal, and subsequently filtering, it yields a
solution transparent and colorless as water, and yields a varnish which dyes with a purity and whiteness not to be surpassed. The solution in
turpentine readily mixes with the drying oils. It is on these properties of the resin that its chunce of becoming an article of trade will depend. In
price it cannot compete with copal when supply to the European market is regular and abundant. The present price of the best copal in the English
market 7s but £2-10-0 per cent ; piney resin yields cn destructive distillation 82 per cent. of an oil of agrecable odour, but not differing essentially
From that obtained from much cheaper resins.
200, MAE
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GARCINIA CAMBOGIA. (Nat. order Guttifer.)
GARCINIA. Zinn—GEN. CHAR. Flowers dicecious or polygamous, sepals 4 in opposite pairs, petals 4; male flower, stamens indefinite
free monadelphous or tetradelphous, anthers erect or peltate dehiscing longitudinally or circumscissile, female or hermathrodite flowers, staminodia
various free or united, ovary 2 many celled, stigma sessile lobed, smooth or tuberculate, ovules solitary, fruit baccate, embryo an undivided thick radicle
(tigella)--Glabrous trees, usually with a yellow juice, leaves coriaceous or submembranaceous, opposite or ternately verticellate, flowers solitary, fascicled
or subpaniculate axillary or terminal.
Garcrinta CAMBOGIA. (Desrous.) A good sized tree, leaves lanceolate of a deep lucid green, 4-6 inches long by
about 2 broad, flowers terminal or axillary, sessile sub-sessile or pedicelled solitary or several together ; male, anthers numerous on a
short thick androphore oblong 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally introrse ; female, staminodia surrounding the base of the ovary in
several phalanges each containing 2-3 sterile spathulate stamens (or free and as many or twice as many as the cells of the ovary 2)
stigmas 5-10 lobed papillose with glands, ovary 6-10 celled, fruit 24-3 inches in diameter yellow or reddish, 6-10 sulcated, 6-10 seeded,
nearly globular or ovate or somewhat elongated, furrows broad with angular edges, and intervening flattened or only slightly rounded
ridges, the furrows not being continued to the apex which is smooth and depressed and often nipple-shaped.— DC. Prod. 1. 561 :—WA.
Prod. p. 100. Garcinia Kydia, WA. Prod. p. 101. Cambogia gutta, Zann. in part. Garcinia Roxburghii, Waght Ill. p.125% Gar-
einia papilla, Wight Icones tab. 960.
Common in all the western coast forests of the Mudras Presidency, and in Ceylon; the pigment which exudes from the trunk és
semitransparent, very adhesive and quite unsuitable as a paint ; the acid rinds of the ripe fruit are eaten, and in Ceylon they are dried and
eaten as a condiment with curries, i/V0
The tree is called Heela by the Burghers on the Nilgiris, and it yields an excellent straight grained lemon colored slightly elastic
wood, which is easi!y worked, and would answer for common furniture.
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GARCINIA MORELLA. (Nat. order Guttiferee.)
For Gen. Char. see under ‘'G. Cambogia,” Pl. Ixxxv.
G ARCINIA More .La. (Desrous.) A middling sized tree, everywhere glabrous, leaves <¢lliptic with a very obtuse
blunt point and gradually attenuated at the base, about4 inches long by 1} to 2 broad, petioles about 4 inch long, flowers sessile
several together in the axils of the fallen leaves, calyx of 4 unequal sepalsthe 2 inner being much larger than the 2 outer ; male,
stamens about 26 closely packed on a raised receptacle in the-centre of the flower without any rudiment of an ovary, anthers on
very short thick filaments depressed peltate circumscissile ; female flower, stamens 18-20 in one series round the base of the ovary,
anthers sterile subquadrate emarginate at the apex, ovary glabrous 4 celled crowned with a large sessile 4 lobed stigma the lobes being
2-3 toothed at the margins, fruit size of a cherry globose 4 seeded. Cambogia Gutta, Zinn. Fl. Zeyl. p. 87 in port. Hebradendron
Cambogioides, Graham in Hook. Comp.to Bot. Mag. Vol. ii, p. 199, t.27. Garcinia gutta, Wight Til. 1. 126 and tab. 44. G.-
elliptica, Wail.
South Canara, morst forests of the plains and ghats, ap to 2,000 feet elevation. Ceylon, up to 2,000 feet elevation ; called Gokatoo or
Kana-goraka in Ceylon, and Aradal and Punar puli in S. Ganara; vi is the true Gamboge of commerce, and the pigment which exudes from
wounds in the trunk 7s largely collected and exported from Ceylon and Siam ; but little 07 no attention seems to be paid to it i this country.
In this Presidency I have only met with the tree in S. Canara, though it probably occurs elsewhere ; it ts closely allied to G. pictoria, which 2s our
common species, and scarcely distinguishable except by the female flower. The drawing is from specimens collected in S. Canara, and the analysis
From fresh flowers.
86
PLLXXXVL
—Tenamae
thoes, Leb.
GARCINIA PICTORIA. (Nat. ord. Guttiferz.)
For Gen. Char. see under “G. Cambogia.”’
GARCINIA PICTORIA. (Roxb.) A good sized tree, everywhere glabrous, leaves elliptic with a blunt rather sudden
point at the apex, and gradually attenuated at the base, about 4 inches long by 14 broad, flowers sessile aggregated in the axils of the
fallen leaves; male, stamens numerous closely packed on a fleshy more or less 4 sided receptacle in the centre of the flower, filaments short,
anthers depressed peltate circumscissile, no rudiment of an ovary ; female, staminodia in a ring round the base of the ovary, filaments in
3-4 rarely 5 phalanges each bearing 2-7 sterile clavate anthers, ovary oblong 4 celled, stigma sessile of 4 verrucose lobes which are
3-4 toothed at the margins, berry size of a large cherry oval oblong smooth crowned with the permanent stigma. oxb. Fl. Ind. ii. p.
627. (Desc. of fem. flower incorrect.)
This is a very common tree in all our western forests up to about 3,500 feet elevation ; rt is closley allied to G. Morelia, but differs in
the female flower.
Ir. Broughton has analyzed some of the pigment, and informs me that it is excellent and quite equal to that of G. Morelia. The
timber is used by the natives for various purposes. The drawing is taken from fresh specimens collected about the foot of the Nilgiris below
Makurty.
87
PL. LXXXW
XANTHOCHYMUS PICTORIUS. (Nat. order Guttiferze.)
XANTHOCHYMUS. Roxb,—GEN, CHAR. Flowers polygamous or dicecious, sepals 5 imbricate, petals 5; male flowers, stamens in 5 narrow
cligandrous phalanges inserted into or between the lobes ofa fleshy disk; female or hermathrodite flower, staminodia or stamensin 5 phalanges
alternating with as many glands and seated round the base of the ovary, ovary 3-6 celled with a subsessile discoid entire or radiately 3-6 lobed stigma,
ovules solitary, fruit baccate, embryo thick fleshy with inconspicuous cotyledons. Trees, resembling Garcinia and scarcely differing except in their
pentamerous instead of tetramerous flowers.
XANTHOCHYMUS PICTORIUS. (Roxb.) A very beautiful middling sized tree, with a most dense foliage of dark green
shining leaves, everywhere glabrous, young branches square, sharply angled and often dilated just below the axils of the leaves,
leaves oblong, generally more or less attenuated at. the base with a short acute point at the apex, 8-14 inches long by 2-34 broad, very
hard and coriaceous dark shining green with the veins obscure, (when fresh) petioles 4-1 inch long dilated near their insertion on to the
stem ; male flowers numerous sessile or subsessile aggregated into dense short fascicles in the axils of the fallen leaves, stamens about 7
oneach phalange, no vestige of an ovary; female or hermathrodite flowers solitary in the axils of the fallen leaves, each phalange
furnished with 2-3 anthers at the apex (apparently fertile), ovary 5-6 celled crowned with a large dilated 5-6 lobed stigma, fruit size of
an apple. Roxb. Fl, Ind. ii.p. 633. Stalagmites pictorius, G. Don.
This very beautiful tree is very abundant in the woods in Coorg, but 1 have also met with it in Wynad, S. Canara, the western slopes of
Nilgiris, and other localities in the western side of the Madras Presidency, and on the Bombay ghats ; and it is cultivated in gardens. The
specimens figuied were gathered below Sisparah on the Niigiris. The tree yields a gumboge, but Ido not know of what quality. Lam not
acguainted with the timber.
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OCHROCARPUS LONGIFOLIUS, (Nat. ord. Guttifers.)
OCHROCARPUS. Zhouars—GEN. CHAR. Flowers polygamous, calyx closed before flowering, at length opening in 2 valves or sepals, petals
4, stamens indefinite shortly connate below or free, filaments filiform, anthers erect oblong or linear dehiscing longitudinally, ovary 2 celled, style short
thick, stigma large peltate slightly 2 lobed, ovules 2 in each cell, fruit baccate 1-4 seeded, seeds large, embryo of a large fleshy radicle (tigella) with the
cotyledons reduced to a mammiliform projection or none. Trees, with opposite or ternately verticellate coriaceous leaves, and axillary fascicles of flowers.
Benth. and Hook. Gen. Pt. 1.980. Calysaccion, Wight Jil, 1. 130.
OCHROCARPUS LONGIFOLIUS. (Benth. & Hook.) A large tree, everywhere glabrous, young shoots terete or
slightly 4 sided, leaves opposite or ternately verticellate oblong with a short blunt point, rounded or slightly attenuated at the base,
hard thick and coriaceous, venation inconspicuous (but beautifully reticulated when dry), 6-10 inches long by 2-34 broad, petioles 1
inch long, flowers numerous in short fascicles congested on lateral tubercles springing from the axils of fallen leaves, peduncles short
1 flowered, fruit oblong falcate about one inch long by 5 lines in diameter. Benth. and Hook. Gen. Pl. i. p. 980. Mammea longifolia,
l.c.p. 176. Calysaccion longifolium, Wight Il, p. 180 ; et Ieones tab. 1999. Calophyllum longifolium, Wall. Cat.
This tree is indigenous on the Malabar, Concan and Bombay ghats, and is cultivated in the Banglore gardens, Northern Cirears and.
elsewhere ; the tree is diccious, or at least monecious in a wild state, but becomes often hermathrodite when in cultivation. The tree flowers in
Uarch and April, and the flowers are white streaked with red ; the globular flower buds are used for dyeing silk, and are dried and exported from
the Bombay Presidency, where the male tree is called Woondy and the female Poone, both being also known under the name of Suringel or
Gardoondy. Lam not acquainted with the timber, but it is said to be used in house building.
89
PL. LXXYIX,
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CALOPHYLLUM WIGHTIANUM. (Nat. ord. Guttiferz.)
For Gen. Char. see letter press to Pl. ii.
CaLOPHYLLUM WIGHTIANUM. (Wall.) A middling sized tree, young shoots square glabrous, leaves oval obovate
or rhomboid very obtuse at the apex, very firm coriaceous and shining 3-4 inches long by 14-14 broad, petioles about 3 lines long,
racemes few flowered shorter than the leaves, glabrous or when young slightly puberulous towards the base, peduncles about 4 an inch
long, rather slender furnished with a small boat shaped caducous puberulous bract at their insertions on the raceme, sepals 4, petals 0,
stigma peltate entire. Wall..Cat. 4847. C.-spurium, Choisy in DC. Prod. vol. 1. £62. C. caloboides, G. Don. C. apetalum, Weild-
Spr. Sys. ii. 571. C. calaba, Z. in part. C. decipiens, Wight. Ill. p. 128.
This-tree is common near the banks of rivers on the western side of the Madras Presidency, andis called Kalpoon in S. Canara, where
at ws very common, and iis timber is much esteemed; the specimens figured are from S.Canara, and unfortunately have no fruit, which is described
by Dr. Waght as “small, oval, somewhat attenuated at both ends”; it was formerly described as having only 4 floral envelopes, viz. 4 sepals and no
petals, but Dr. Wight says that he discovered 8. I have dissected a large quantity of buds and have never found more than 4; it is possible that
the tree here figured differs from Dr. Wight’s, but I believe it to be the apetalum of Willdenow. The timber is of a red color, very hard and
heavy, and valuable for engineering purposes. :
90
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TERNSTRAIMIA GYMNANTHERA. (Nat. ord. Ternstreemiacece.)
TERNSTREMIA. Zinn.—GEN. CHAR. Flowers usually hermathrodite, sepals 5 much imbricate, petals 5 imbricate united at the base,
stamens numerous adnate to the base of the corol, anthers glabrous basifixed, cells adnate, ovary 2-3 celled with 1-4 ovules suspended from near the apex
of each cell, style simple with a broadly 2-3 lobed stigma, fruit thick and indehiscent, but rather dry, seeds 2-few large, horseshoe-shaped inside, albumen
fleshy often thin or scarcely any, embryo much curved or folded longitudinally. Trees or shrubs, leaves coriaceous, peduncles 1-flowered axillary or lateral
eurved downwards with 2 bracteoles close to the calyx. :
TERNSTRZMIA GYMNANTHERA. (WA.) A middling sized tree, glabrous, leaves cuneate-obovate, obtuse or shortly
and obtusely pointed coriaceous entire, peduncles twice as long as the petioles, bracteoles persistent, anthers dotted with little points
on the connective without bristles. Cleyera gymnanthera, WA. Prod. p. 87. Ternstreemia, Benth. and Hook.
A common tree on the Nilgiris and other elevated mountains on the west side of the Presidency, from an elevation of about 4,000 feet
upwards, also in Ceylon; called Kaymone on the Nilgilis. The wood is pinkish in color and much esteemed; it works well, but requires to be
well seasoned ; it is used for doors, rafters, and a variety of purposes.
91
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EURYA JAPONICA. (Nat. ord. Ternstremiacez.)
HURYA, Thunb.—GEN, CHAR. : Flowers mostly unisexual, sepals 5 much imbricate, petals 5 imbricate united at the base, stamens
susually indefinite seldom above 15, anthers glabrous basifixed, cells adnate, ovary 3 (rarely 2-4-5) celled with several ovules in each, styles as many either
almost free or united to near the top; fruit a berry, embryo much curved in a somewhat granular albumen. Trees or shrubs, flowers very small axillary,
fascicled on short pedicels, or sessile.
Eurya JAPONICA. (Thunb.) A small tree, branches glabrous or pilose, leaves glabrous obovate or oblong 14-2 inches
long, slightly crenulate narrowed at the base, pedicels axillary usually 2-3 together 1-14 lines long, flowers about 2 lines in diameter
white, styles 3 distinct or united to near the apex. Thunb. Hl. Jap. 191, t.25. Eurya Wightiana, Wall. ;—WA. Prod. p. 86, E.
fasciculata, Wall. E. tristyla, WA. Prod. p. 86. HW. Ceylanica, Waght Zl. 1. 98. E. elliptica, membranacea et parviflora, Gardner.
Common on the western side of the Madras Presidency, principally onthe mountains at the higher elevations, but also at low elevations,
also in Ceylon and Northern India ; called Hoolooni on the Nilgiris, and Neyadasse in Ceylon. Timber of a light chocolate brown; in leaf and
general appearance it much resembles the tea plant, and L have seen tt reared as such in tea plantations ; there is only one species inthis Presi-
dency, but it is a-very variable plant.
92
PL. XCIl.
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PACILONEURON PAUCIFLORUM. (Nat. ord. Ternstreemiaces.)
For Gen. Char. see letter press to plate of P. Indicum, PI. iii, and under the head of this genus in the Manual.
PA&CILONEURON PAUCIFLORUM. (Bedd.) A good sized tree, glabrous, leaves narrow lanceolate with a longish
blunt acumination and attenuated at the base, 5-6 inches long by 1-1} broad, petioles 4-5 inch long, peduncles solitary or 2 together
axillary or in the axils of the fallen: leaves 3-? inch long, minutely puberulous, sepals 4 unequal puberulous on the outside, the 2 outer
small, petals 6 imbricate, stamens 16-22 in two series inserted on to an evident disk below the ovary, styles 2, ovary 2 celled with 2
erect ovules in each cell, fruit globose pointed size of a large cherry dehiscent into 2 coriaceous valves, 1 celled, 1 seeded, seed hard
round, testa loose membranaceous striated easily separable from the seed, cotyledons very large fleshy, albumen none.
Abundant on banks of riverson the South Tinnevelly and Travancore mountains up to nearly 4,000 feet ; called Pudangalli. It yields
a valuable hard reddish timber, which is used for building and other purposes, and for walking sticks. Inthe plate a drawing is also given of
a young seedling just after germination, showing the cotyledons and the loose testa attached.
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DIPTEROCARPUS INDICUS. (Nat. ord. Dipterocarpez.)
DIPTEROCARPUS. Gertx.—GEN. CHAR. Tube of the calyx, when in flower free, divisions unequal slightly imbricate when very young,
but soon open or subvalvate, tube of the calyx when in fruit enlarging and enclosing the fruit, 2 of the divisions expanding into long erect wings, the other
3 small, stamens numerous, anthers linear entire, valves equal, connective acuminate or produced into along beak, ovary 3 celled, cells 2 ovuled, style
filiform entire or obsoletely 3 toothed, capsule woody indehiscent 1 rarely 2 seeded enclosed on the enlarged calyx, cotyledons very large fleshy unequal
corrugately lobed or contortuplicate, radicle superior. Lofty trees, bearing resin, stipules large enclosing the bud at the apex of the branches early
eaducous, leaves coriaceous entire or sinuato-dentate, parallely penniveined and transversely venulose between the veins, flowers large in axillary few
flowered racemes (Pterygium, Corr in Ann. Mus. Par. viii. 397.)
DIPTEROCARPUS INDICUS. (Bedd.) A lofty tree, everywhere glabrous except the stipules petals and‘ovary, leaves
oyato-oblong with a short acumination, about 5 inches long by 23 broad, petioles 14-2 inches long, racemes axillary solitary a little
shorter than the leaves 5-8 flowered, petals puberulous on the outside, anthers terminated with a long slender bristle, fruit about
1 inch in diameter not ribbed, wings about 5 inches long. Bedd. in Conservator of Forests Report (Madras) for 1864-65.
Common 2n all the ghat forests from Canara down to Cape Comorin, very abundant in S. Canara, where it is called Guga ; its timber
is very open in the grain and not durable, but is occasionally used for various purposes ; the tree yields a wood oil, but it ts, I believe, never
extracted ; the liquid balsam, like Copaiba sold in Trevandrum, and the produce of a tree from those ghats is extracted from the Hardwicki«
pinnata.
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VATICA ROXBURGHIANA. (Nat. ord. Dipterocarpez.) z
VATICA. Linn.—GEN. CHAR. Tube of the calyx very small adnate to the torus or base of the ovary, not or scarcely enlarging when
fruit ; divisions rather acute, when very young imbricate but soon open or pseudo-valvate, enlarging with the fruit, equal or unequaland patent. Stamens
15, anthers oblong or linear rarely ovate, connective generally with a short apiculation, ovary 3 celled, cells 2 ovuled, style short with a clavate apex, or long
subulate, stigma entire or 3 toothed, capsule thick woody indehiscent, or 3 valved 1-2 seeded. Trees, bearing resin» stipules small fugacious or inconspicu-
ous, leaves entire coriaceous penniveined and reticulato-venvse, flowers in axillary or terminal panicles.
See. I. Iséuxis.—Enlarged divisions of the calyx equal, patent below the fruit.
Sec. II. Euvatica.—Enlarged divisions of the calyx very unequal wing like, patent below the fruit.
The 2 Southern Indian species both belong to Isauxis.
Vatica RoxBuRGHIANA. (Wight.) A large tree, young branches petioles and inflorescence minutely fu furfuraceous,
leaves glabrous above except the costa, which with the costa and veins beneath is slightly scaly, ovate to oblong with an obtuse point
rounded or obtuse at the base, furnished with 10-14 primary veins on each side, 4-8 inches long by 2-3} broad, petiole 1}-2 inches
long, panicles axillary shorter than the leaves, branchlets few flowered, calyx and outside of petals furfuraceous, divisions of the former
acute enlarging in fruit and then 5 nerved and glabrescent, petals 5 times as long as the calyx, stamens 15 in 2 rows, anthers oblong
with a short apiculation, style nearly double the length of the anthers, stigma clavate obscurely 3 or 6 lobed. fruit globose not
sulcated crowned with a small nipple-li -like point at the apex, rough with minute raised ee and furfuraceous, hard woody and
M Aaa fe 26. Yi Ge boty
p >
indehiscent. Wisht Til. p. 88. VEAA COX, Soeur dtd 82 Mun, Cur,
Common in some of our western coast foresis, particularly in the South Canara jungles, and ve im avenues, &e. in Travancore.
also indigenous in Ceylon, where it is called Mendon ; tts Limber is much valued in Ceylon, but I have not seen it in use in India : the tree
Produces am gum-resin.
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HOPEA WIGHTIANA. (Nat. ord- Dipterocarpez.)
Wor Gen, Char. see under “H. parviflora,” PI. vi.
Hopes WIGHTIANA. (Wall.) A large tree, young branches and petioles furnished with a dense short pubescence, leaves
ovato-oblong, rounded at the base and attenuated towards the apex into a very obtuse poiut, glabrous on both sides except the costa
above, primary veins distant 7-10 on each side of the costa, 6-9 inches long by 2-8 broad, petioles }-} inch long, panicles glabrous axillary
generally 3 together, shorter than or about the length of the leaves, flowers pink about } an inch in length secund bracteolate at the
base of their very short pedicels, calyx glabrous, corol hairy on the outside, stamens 15 alternately single and double, anthers
terminated with a long bristle, fruit and calyx wings glabrous bright crimson colored, wings 2-2} inches long by $ an inch broad, 7-9
nerved.— Wall. LZ. N. 6295 ;—WAaLProd. p. 85, and Zl. tab. 37—(wrong as to the 10 stamens.)
Vary. B. glabra, young branches and petioles glabrous or sub-glabrous. Hopea glabra, WA. Prod. p. 85.
This tree is very common tn many of our western forests, an echinate excrescence, much like the young fruit of a Spanish chestnut, is
often produced in the axils of the leaves ; it 1s probably the formation of someinsect inthe bud of the panicle, it is represented im the jigure,
a somewhat similar formation occurs in Hopea parviflora, as I have gathered specimens of the longer leaved variety in Tinnevelly with regular
abortive panicles, several of the branchlets of each terminating with hard, round, warty, fruit-like excrescences 4 lines in diameter.
The timber is very valuable and very similar to that of Hopea parviflora. Variety B is the Kong of Tinnevelly, and is par excellence
the timber of that district. I have not seen this more glabrous variety in fruit, but the flowers in no way differ from the ordinary form ; the latter
zs most abundant in the S. Canara district, where it is called Kalbow and Hiral bogi ; it is a first-rate coppice firewood, and large tracts in thie
state are met with in the plains of that district never apparently flowering, but abundantly covered with the abortive fruit-like excrescence.
96
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DOONA ZEYLANICA, (Nat. ord. Dipterocarpez.)
DOONA. TZhw.—GEN. CHAR. Tube of the calyx in flower very short adnate to the torus, divisions imbricate, in fruit the tube not enlarg-
ing, 3 of the divisions enlarging into large erect wings ; 3 small, all connivent at the base round the fruit, stainens 15, anthers oblong with the cells equal,
connective produced into a terminal process, ovary 3 celled, cells 2 ovuled, style subulate, stigma small, fruit indehiscent generally 1 seeded, seed ovoid,
cotyledons extremely contortuplicate, radicle superior. .
Glabrous trees, resiniferous, stipules small deciduous or inconspicuous, leaves entire coriaceous penninerved, panicles axillary or terminal,
flowers rather small.—T7hw. Hook. Kew. Journ. iv. p. 7 ;—Benth. and Hook. Gen. Pl. p. 1938.
Doona ZEYLANICA. (Thw.) A lofty tree, trunk straight, much branched towards the upper part, bark rough and
cracked, branches terete and smooth, leaves penniveined with numerous intermediate reticulations lanceolate dark-green above, paler
beneath, rounded at the base, tapering towards the apex into a rather long acumination with an abrupt point, 2-24 inches long by 2
of an inch wide, petioles 4} inch long grooved along the upper surface, panicles furnished with small brown deciduous bractes, calyx
pale-green tinged with red, the 3 enlarged leaves becoming a deeper red, petals pale rose darker at the tips, filaments united about 4
wayup. TZhw. l. c.
This is the famous Doon tree of Ceylon, called also shingle tree by the planters ; it is very abundant in the Central Provinces of that
island up to 4,000 feet elevation, and the timber is highly prized for building purposes and for shingles ; the tree yields a large quantity of
colorless guin-resin from tts trunk and branches, which when dissolved in spirits of wine or turpentine makes an excellent varnish.
97
PL: XCVIL.
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DOONA GARDNERI. (Nat. ord. Dipterocarpes.)
For Gen, Char. see letter press to Pl. xcvii.
Doon A GARDNERI. (Thw.) A lofty tree, leaves ovate or ovato-lanceolate, rounded at the base tapering into a longish
point at the apex, 2-34 inches long by 14-2 inches broad, petioles about 3-1 inch long, flowers drooping about 4 an inch across, bractes
small early caducous, calyx minutely puberulous or at length glabrous, corol densely pubescent on the outside. Thw. Hn. Pi.
Zey, p. 35-
This beautiful tree is found in the Central Provinces of Ceylon at 3,000 to 5,000 feet elevation.
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STEMONOPORUS GARDNERI. (Nat. ord. Dipterocarpez.)
STEMONOPORUS. Zhw.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx 5 parted, divisions equal not enlarging in fruit, petals 5 equal, estivation convolute, sta-
mens 15 in 2 series, 5 interior and 10 exterior, monadelphous on a short ring round the base of the ovary, anthers oblong introrse dehiscing by a pore at
the apex, connective not produced beyond the anther, ovary 3 celled, cells 2 ovuled, ovules pendulous from the apex} of the axis anatropal, style filiform,
stigma simple, fruit spherical 3-1 inch in diameter with the calyx reflexed beneath it, 1 celled by abortion, irregularly dehiscing, testa membranaceous,
embryo exalbuminous, cotyledons thick plicato-convolute. Trees like Vateria, but differing in their fewer anthers arranged only in 2 series. Thw. Hook.
Journ. of Bot. Vol. vi. p. 3. Vateria (in part) Benth. and Hook. Gen. Pl. p. 194. Vatica (in part) DC. Prod. xvi, p. 620.
STEMONOPORUS GARDNERI. (Thw.) A large forest tree, leaves oblong-lanceolate or ovate acuminate, rounded at the
base or subcordate, prominently veined beneath, 34-6 inches long by 13-2} broad, petioles about 1 inch long, panicles slightly hoary
numerous at the apex of the branchlets, more or less elongate 4-12 flowered, pedicels 3-4 lines long, flowers about 3 inch across in
expansion. Zhw. l. c. and En. Pl. Zey. p. 38.
Ceylon, in the Central Provinces at about 5,000 feet elevation,
99
PL.XCIK.
SL. aoe
STEMONOPORUS ACUMINATUS. (Nat. ord. Dipterocarpez.)
For Gen, Char. see letter press to Pl. xcix.
STEMONOPORUS ACUMINATUS. (Thw.) A large tree, branches moderately rugose, leaves narrow lanceolate to oblong
lanceolate gradually attenuated into along blunt point, rounded at the base, prominently veined and reticulato-venose, 4-7 inches long
by $-2 inches broad, petioles 3-14 inches long, stipules falcato-lanceolate 3 lines long 4 line broad, early caducous, panicles puberulous
about 4 the length of the leaves, racemiform or moderately ramous, bractes minute deciduous, calyx lobes ovato-lanceolate puberulous.
Thw. Hn. Pl. Zey. p- 403.
Ceylon, in the Ambaganwa, Badulla and Mahamahanewera districts at no great elevation.
100
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MONOPORANDRA CORDIFOLIA. (Nat. order Dipterocarpeze.)
MoNOPORANDRA. Zhw.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx 5 parted divisions equal not enlarging in fruit, petals 5 equal xstivation conyolute,
stamens 5 monadelphous in one series in a short ring round the base of the ovary, the rest as in Stemonoporus. Thw. Hook. Jour. of Bot. vol. vi. p. 5;—
Benth. and Hook. Gen. Pl. p. 194;—DC. Prod. xvi. p. 637. :
MoNOPORANDRA CORDIFOLIA. (Thw.) A middling sized, much branched tree, leaves shining rigid very
coriaceous ovate or oblong with a very sudden long blunt acumination, rounded but scarcely cordate at the base, costa and primary
veins very prominent beneath depressed above, 25-43 inches long by 1]-24 inches broad, petioles } to nearly 1 inch long, panicles
much shorter than the leaves, slightly puberulous, flowers very small, calyx segments very acute, fruit small size of a large pea,
Thw. En. Pl. Zey. p. 39.
Ceylon, in the Ambagamua and Safragram districts, at an elevation of about 3,000 feet.
101
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AVENE
Bey
KAYEA STYLOSA. (Nat. order Guttiferz.)
KAYEA. Wall.—GEN, CHAR. Flowers hermathrodite (or polygamous 2), sepals 4 petals 4, stamens numerous free or scarcely united at the
base, filaments long filiform, anthers small subglobose 2 celled dehiscing longitudinally, ovary 1 celled, style elongate shortly and acutely 4 cleft at the
apex, ovules 4 erect, capsule roundish coriaceous indehiscent included in the much enlarged coriaceous calyx 1-4 seeded, testa membranaceous colored,
cotyledons flesnly. Trees, leaves oblong penninerved, flowers numerous small in termina panicles or solitary and large.
KAYEA STYLOSA. (Thw.) A large tree, branches terete glabrous reddish, leaves ovato-lanceolate acuminate, 2-3 inches
long by 7-10 lines broad, petiole 2-8 lines long, flowers very fragrant small in terminal panicles or from the upper axils, style much
longer than the numerous stamens. Thu. En. Pl, Zey. p. 50.
This elegant tree has only been found in Ceylon, in the south of the island at no great elevation; it is called Soovanda by the
Singhalese. The timber is valued for building purposes.
102
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sh Avapl
DILLENIA SPECIOSA. (Nat. order Dilleniacex.)
DILLENIA. Linn.—GEN. CHAR. Sepal 5 patent, petals 5 large, stamens free or nearly so, anthers adnate linear dehiscing by two fissures,
interior erect introrse, exterior recurved extrorse, carpels 5-20 many ovuled and crowned by as many radiating styles united round a central conical azis
into a spurious berry enclosed in the calyx, seeds immersed in pulp or without pulp. Trees, leaves very large prominently parallely nerved, flowers large
solitary or fascicled white or yellow.
DILLENIA SPECIOSA. (Thunb.) A good sized tree, trunk straight but of no height, branches numerous spreading,
then ascending, forming a dense head, leaves about the extremities of the branchlets approximated short petioled oblong or lanceolate
acute, most regularly serrate, very coriaceous with the veins very prominent excurrent at the points of the serratures, 9-12 inches long
by about 4 inches broad, petioles 1-2 inches long, channelled, embracing half the circumference of the branchlet and leaving a permanent
sear after falling off, peduncles generally one towards the extremity of each branchlet clavate round smooth about 3 inches long, 1
flowered, flowers very large white fragrant, anthers opening by 2 fissures forming a large yellow globe in the centre of the flower,
which is crowned by the white lanceolate spreading stigma, carpels about 20, styles scarcely any, stigmas linear-lanceolate recurved,
fruit 3-4 inches in diameter, seeds in-pulp, numerous reniform or obliquely oval very hairy. Zhunb. Linn. Trans. 1. 200 ;— Roxb.
Fl, Ind. iii. 650, Dillenia elliptica, Thunb. Trans. 1.200. Syalita, Rheed. Mal. iii. é. 38, 39.
One of the handsomest trees in India, it is found in dense forests at no great elevation in Malubar, the Northern Curcars, Orissa, the Go-
davery forests, in various parts of Northern India; Bombay, Ceylon, Birmah, and in the Malay Peninsula ; it 2s called Chalta in Hindustanee,
and Uva and Pedda Kalinga in Telugu ; it is much cultivated, particularly by natives about temples; the wood is hard and tough, and used to
make gun stocks and for boats, and is said to be very duruble under water. The ripe fruit is eaten by natives in curries, and makes a tolerable
jelly, and added to syrup is used as a cough mixture; it has rather a disagreeable odour. The tvee is called Mota Kurmal in the Mahratia country,
Hondapara in Ceylon, and Kaloonoot in Birmah; the timber weighs 44 lbs. the cubic foot when seasoned, and 55—60 when unseasoned, and its
specific gravity is *704. :
The unexpanded bud in the plate is from a drawing made in the Ceylon Herbariwin, and the full flower and analysis from Dr. Wight’s
plate.
103
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DILLENIA PENTAGYNA. (Nat. order Dilleniaces.)
For Gen. Char. see letter press to Pl, ciii.
DILLENIA PENTAGYNA. (Roxb.) A very large tree, leaves quite sessile and amplexicaul at the base or with petioles
1-4 inches long, cblong to oblongo-lanceolate or obovate acute or obtuse at the apex, 1-2 feet long (or in saplings up to 5 feet long)
paler beneath, when adult very coriaceous glabrous or puberulous beneath, when young membranaceous and more or less pilose or seri-
~ ceous according to age and ciliate at the margin, very prominently veined with raised parallel veins which are simple and excurrent at
the margin into a sharp serrature or once or twice forked (generally only towards the apex) each veinlet ending in a serrature, flowers
4-2 inch in expansion appearing before the leaves in small clusters along the older branches, pedicels 5-8, one-two inches long arising
from several small concave thick silky bractes, sepals unequal the 3 outer ovate the 2 inner longer and narrower, petals oblong to
obovate yellow very caducous, stamens numerous the interior row longer than the otker and reflexed like the styles, ovaries 5, styles re-
flexed, stigmas simple apiculate, seeds by abortion 1-2. Row). Fl. Ind. ii. 652. Dillenia angusta et pilosa, Roxb. l. c. Colbertia
Coromandelina, DC. Prod. 175.
This tree is most abundant throughout South India andin Northern India and Birmah, but does not occur in Ceylon ; it is to be met
with in almost every forest in this Presidency. It flowers towards the end of Janvary, or as late as March or April, when the tree is destitute of
leaves. It is called Rai, Pine and Nai-tek in Tamil in different districts, Chinna Kalingd in Telugu, Kanagalee and Machilin Canarese, and in
Birmah Yeenga and Bjooben. The wood is close grained, strong, tough, fibrous and durable even under ground, of a reddish brown colour and «
pretty wavy surface on one side, not easily worked and subject to warp and crack ; a cubic foot unseasoned weighs 85—90 lbs., and 70 lbs. when
seasoned ; its specific gravity is 1120 ; it is used in house and ship building, and is adapted for cabinet purposes. :
104
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Baeza.
STEROCULIA. Linvy. (Nat. order Sterculiaceze.)
GEN. CHAR.: Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Calyx more or less deeply 5 cleft, rarely 4 cleft, usually colored. Petals none. Staminal
column adnate to the gynophore, bearing at the suramit 15 or rarely 10 stamens, irregularly clustered in a head. Carpels of the ovary 5, distinct or nearly
s0, with two or more ovules in each. Styles united under the peltate or lobate stigma. Fruit carpels distinct, spreading, either firm or woody, and scarcely
opening along the inner edge, or thinner, and opening as follicles, even long before they are ripe. Seeds 1 or more in each carpel, rarely winged ; albumen
adhering to the cotyledons, often splitting in two, assuming the aspect of fleshy cotyledons ; real cotyledons flat or nearly so, and thin, the radicle next the
hilum or at the opposite end, or intermediate. Trees, leaves undivided or lobed, or digitately compound. Flowers in panicles or rarely racemes, mostly
axillary, sometimes very short ; terminal flowers usually female, in these the staminal column is shorter and the anthers less perfect than in the males
surrounding the base of the ovary; in the males the ovary is often entirely abortive.—Brachychiton, Trichosiphon, axd Pcecilodermis, Schott; Delabechea,
Lindl.; Cavallium, Schott. ; Southwellia, Salish. ; Firmiana, Mars. ; Pterygota, Schott. ; Hildegardia, Schott. ; Carpophyllum, Mig.; Scaphiam, Schott. ;
Pterocymbium, Br. ; Triphaca, Zour.
STERCULIA GUTTATA. A large tree, with a tolerably straight trunk, bark cracked, leaves oblong to very broad ovate
slightly cordate at the base entire with a longish sudden acumination, upper side smooth and shining, beneath very softly villous, about
7-9 inches long by 4-5 broad, petioles round downy 2-5 inches long, stipules ensiform early caducous, racemes terminal and from the
divisions of the branchlets simple densely villous, flowers in threes, very shortly pedicelled about 3 inch across, chiefly hermathrodite,
bractes lanceolate, a larger one below the middle flower and a very minute one below each of the others, calyx densely villous on the
outside, hairy within and beautifully freckled with purple, ovary long pedicelled globose 3-5 lobed downy 3-5 celled, fruit carpels
generally 5 coming to maturity seroi-ovate, about 3 inches long by 2 broad, villous of a brilliant red color ; seeds oblong jet black.
Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 149.
A very common tree in almost every forest in Southern India and in Ceylon ; it is a beautiful object when covered with its bright red cap-
sules ; the timber is not used that I am aware of, but the bark yields a valuable cordage, and is also made into a kind of clothing in some paris of
the western coast + for this purpose it is taken off in strips, beaten, washed, and dried in the sun; ihe tree is called Kawillee by the Kaders on the
Anamallays, and Kukar and Goldar on the Bombay ghats.
105
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PTEROSPERMUM. Scurep. (Nat. order Sterculiaces.)
GEN. CHAR. : Calyx tubular 5 lobed, petals 5, stamens united into a column at the base with 5 long barren filaments, and 15 shorter ones
(in 5 phalanges of 3 each) each bearing a linear erect 2-celled anther, ovary shortly stalked 5 celled with several ovules in each cell, style entire, capsule
woody with a loculicidal dehiscence, seeds winged at the upper end, albumen scarcely any- ‘Trees, with a stellate or scaly pubescence, leaves coriaceous,
flowers usually large solitary or few together on axillary peduncles.
PTEROSPERMUM RUBIGINOSUM. (Heyne). A very large tree, young branches covered with brownish rusty tomen-
tum, leaves very obliquely ovate very unequal sided, quite entire acuminate, upper side covered with fugacious rusty down at length
quite glabrous, under side softly downy, with close set brown tomentum, 2-24 inches long by about 1 inch broad, petioles about 2
lines long, stipules downy with a broad concave base and 1-2 filiform teeth, peduncles axillary 1 flowered 2-3 times longer than the
petioles furnished at the base with a few bractes resembling the stipules, flower bud angled stellately downy on the outside, bracteoles
of the calyx none, flowers about 2 inches long, white, sepals and petals narrow linear, connective of the anthers produced into a ter-
minal point, stigma obscurely 5 lobed, capsule ovate pointed 5 angled covered with stellate down, 2 inches long by about 2 inch in
diameter.— WA, Prod, p. 68. , :
This very fine twee is very common in the Tinnevelly districts, the Wynad, Anamallays, and generally throughout owr western forests up
to about 3,000 feet ; the timber is excellent, and the tree is called Kara toveray in Tinnevelly, where the wood is much in use for building ana other
purposes.
106
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GUAZUMA TOMENTOSA. (Nat. order Sterculiacex.)
GEN. CHAR.: Calyx 2-3 parted, petals 5 subunguiculate at the base cucullato-concave produced at the apex into 4 linear ligulate bifid append-
age, staminal tube or urceolus with 5 sterile acute lobes alternate with the petals, in the sinuses of which are the fertile filaments (each opposite to a petal)
connate at the base and trifid above each bearing 3 anthers, ovary sessile 5 lobed 5 celled, cells many ovuled, styles 5 more or less connate, stigmas simple,
capsule subglobose woody tuberculoso-muricate or echinate with long hairs, imperfectly loculicidally 5 valved at the apex, seed albuminous, embryo slightly
curved, cotyledons plaited, radicle near the hilum. Trees atellately pubescent or glabrescent, leaves unequally toothed often oblique, cymes axillary shortly
pedunculate, flowers small, Diuroglossum, 7’wrez.
GUAZUMA TOMENTOSA. (DC.) A middling sized tree, leaves ovate oblong acuminate cordate and unequal at the base
toothed, upper side stellately pubescent, under with a stellate white tomentum, about 8-4 inches long by 1} broad, petioles 3-4 lines
long, DC. 1.485, Boubroma tomentosa, Spr. Guazuma ulmifolia, Wall.
This tree has been naturalizedin India, being of American origin; it is now very common throughout tre Presidency, being largely
planted in avenues and topes, dc. The wood, which is known as Bastard Cedar, is light and loose grained, and of «a light brown color, and zs
used for furniture, and by coach makers for pannels, and for packing cases, pannelling, &e. It weighs about 40-45 lbs. per cubic foot unseasoned,
and 32 lbs. when seasoned, and its specific gravity is ‘512 ; the leaves are an excellent fodder for cattle.
107
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GREWIA. Liny. (Nat. order Tiliacez.)
GEN. CHAR. : Flowers regular hermathrodite pentamerous, sepals distinct, petals unguiculate, claw thickened glandular ciliate, rarely
wanting, stamens indefinite all fertile free springing from araised glandulartorus, ovary 2-4 celled, cells 2-many ovuled, style subulate, stigma shortly
2-4 lobed, drupe 1-4 stoned entire or lobed, stones 1-2 or more seeded and divided by spurious dissepiments between the seeds, seeds ascending or
horizontal, albumen fleshy or horny, cotyledons flat leafy. Trees or shrubs, frequently covered with stelliform hairs, leaves entire or lobed 3-7 nerved,
flowers yellow or pink in axillary or terminal cymes. Mallococca et Chadara, Forsk. Microcos, Linn. Omphacarpus, Korth.
GREWIA TILLEFOLIA. (Vahl.) A large tree, the younger parts covered with a short dense coating of felted hairs, at
length sub-glabrous, leaves obliquely cordate roundish, acuminate or rounded at the apex irregularly toothed sometimes with a
tendency to be lobate at the apex, 4-6 inches Jong by 2-4 broad, 5 nerved at the base, petioles about 1 inch long, stipules transverse
falcate lanceolate caducous, peduncles axillary or emerging alittle on one side of the petiole, 2-3 together equal to or a little
exceeding the petioles, 3-5 flowered, pedicels furnished with bracts, sepals linear oblong, petals oblong 3 the length of the sepals, torus
scarcely exceeding the glands, style about twice as long as the stamens, stigma 4 lobed, drupes globose or 2-rarely 4 lobed, lobes globose
with two hemispherical 3 celled nuts or one spherical 6 celled nut in each lobe. Vahl, Symb.1, p. 35 ;—Rowb. Fl, Ind. ii, p. 587.
G. arborea, Roxb. G. elastica, Royle? \ i zeyl AA go f
A very common tree throughout the Madras Presidency and all over India and Ceylon ; it ascends the mountains to about 4.000 feet,
and is often found of large size in favorwhle localities; the berries are eaten, having anagreeable acid flavour ; the timber is highly prized for strength
and elasticity, and is used for building purposes, bows, buggy shafts, walking sticks, and a variety of other uses; it ts much in use at JSubbuipore,
where the tree is known by the nume of Dhiman, it is rght and rather soft, flexible and fibrous, coarse grained and durable, of a light pinkish
color turning to light brown, and easily worked ; unseasoned it weighs 45 to 50 lbs the cubic foot, and 34 lbs when seasoned, tts specific gravity is
544. The tree iscalled Tharra or Thada in Tamil, Chardchi in Teligu, Thadsal or Butale in Canarese; the leaves make a good fodder, and the
bark (like that of all the Grewias ) is used as cordage.
108
f CT Saree Bille”
wy Re
PITYRANTHE VERRUCOSA. (Nat. order Tiliacee.)
PITYRANTHE. Thw.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx urceolate campanulate, 3-4 lobed, petals 5 rather broad naked inserted round the base of the
torus, fertile stamens about 15 inserted on to the torus free or obscurely 5 adelphous, staminodia 5 shorter than the stamens and inserted with them
spathulate upwards, anthers adnate, cells divaricate, ovary 5 celled, cells 2 ovuled, styles 5 in the young bud afterwards closely united into one and
filiform, capsule inflato-turbinate 5 angled loculicidally 5 valved, 1 seeded by abortion. A tree, leaves ovate or obovate crenate, flowers small in terminal
panicles. Zhw. Fn. Pl. Zeyl. p. 29.
PITYRANTHE VERRUCOSA. (Thw.) A tree, leaves ovate to obovate, inconspicuously crenate penninerved or sub 3 nerved,
above sparingly furnished with tufts of stellate hairs at length glabrous, beneath whitish with dense close pressed tomentum, 2-6
inches long by 1-3 broad, petiole 4-? inch long, panicles terminal lepidote, flowers numerous 1} line long, capsule furfuraceous verru-
cose, seed black oblong 2 lines long very minutely reticulated covered with pale deciduous stellate pubescence. Thw. Hn. Pl. Zey. p: 29.
Kleinhovia verrucosa, Gardn. US.
A tree found only in Ceylon, abundant in the Batcaloa district, and at Jaffna and Trincomalee.
109
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ERINOCARPUS NIMMONITI. (Nat. order Tiliacez.)
ERINOCARPUS. Nimmo.—GEN. CHAR. Sepals 5 distinct, petals 5 with pit like glands at the base on the inside, inserted round the
base of the torus, stamens numerous inserted on the elevated torus free or the exterior very shortly connate in a ring, ovary 3 celled, cells 2 ovuled, style
filiform, fruit large rather woody indehiscent triquetrous, and slightly winged, echinate, seed pendulous oblong, testa coriaceous, albumen fleshy, coty-
ledons ovate plane. A tree, leaves broad palminerved lobate and toothed, flowers yellow large laxly arranged on large panicles, bractes cordate.
Nimmo in Hort. Bombay ;—Benth. and Hook. Gen. Pl, 1. 234.
Erivocarpus N IMMONII. (Grah.) <A small tree, leaves roundish cordate, irregularly serrate 5-7 lobed, lobes acute,
prominently palmately 9 nerved, glabrous above pubescent beneath or in age subglabrous except the veins, about 8 inches each way,
petioles 3-5 inches long, flowers nearly 2 inches across, yellow in terminal panicles, calyx stellately pubescent on the outside, ovary
pubescent, fruit pubescent and echinate, about 2 inches long. Grah. in Cat. Bombay Pl. p. 21.
This tree is common on the Concan ghats, and probably occurs in Canara; it flowers in September and October, ond is called Chowra
or Jungli Bendi. The bark is used for making ropes.
110
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ELAOCARPUS AM/ENUS. (Nat. order Tiliacee.) .
ELAOCARPUS. Linn GEN. CHAR. Sepals 4 or 5, usually valvate. Petals as many, fringed, lobed or rarely entire, inserted round the
pase of the torus, induplicate-valvate, and embracing some of the outer stamens in the bud. Stamens indefinite, inserted on the torus within a glandu-
lar ring ; anthers oblong or linear, opening at the top ia 2 valves (that is, the cells placed back to back and opening in short, terminal, confluent slits.) -
Ovary 2 to 5 celled, with 2 or more ovules in each cell; style subulate. Fruit a drupe, with a hard often bony putamen, 2 to 5 celled or 1 celled by
abortion. Seeds solitary in each cell, pendulous (or rarely erect ?), testa hard, albumen fleshy, cotyledons broad, flat or undulate. Trees, leaves alternate
or rarely opposite, entire or serrate. Flowers in axillary racemes, sometimes polygamous. (Monocera, Jack.)
ELZOCARPUS AMANUS. (Thw.) A middling sized tree, glabrous except the young leaf buds, leaves ovate or ovato-
lanceolate with a short blunt or retuse point, crenate-serrate, furnished with glands in the axils of the leaves beneath, 2-43 inches long
by 3-2 broad, petioles 4 lines to 1 inch long, racemes puberulous very numerous towards the end of the branches, axillary and from the
axils of fallen leaves, anthers quite naked, deeply cleft at the apex, each petal cut down at the apex about 4 of its length into about 8
segments each with 2-4 fringed points, ovary 3 celled, ovules 2 in each cell attached about the centre of the axis, drupe spherical-
Thu. En, Pl. Zey. p. 32.
This very beautiful tree is common in the central provinces of Ceylon up to 4000 feet, and is also cultivated in gardens.
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ELAOCARPUS FERRUGINEUS. (Nat. order Tiliacez.)
Por Gen. Char. see letter press to Pl. exi.
EXLHOCARPUS FERRUGINEUS. (Wight.) A good sized tree, young shoots densely villous, leaves cucullate very
coriaceous ovate to elliptic serrulate, with a bluntish rather sudden point at the apex, at first villous above with fugacious tomentum,
at length glabrous, densely and closely tomentose beneath, stipules linear acute glabrous viscid and shining above, downy at the base
on the back, early caducous, racemes axillary or from the old axils just below the leaves, a little shorter than the leaves, tomentose as
are the calyx, petals and ovary, flowers less than } an inch long, pedicels about the same length drooping slightly elongating in fruit,
petals involute at the margins furnished with a prominent ridge up the iuner face about 9 fringed but not otherwise, divided, anthers
paberulous along the cells furnished with a long awn from the exterior valve, ovary 3 celled, ovaries 6-8 in 2 rows in each cell, drupe
oval smooth a little more than 4 an inch long. Monocera ferruginea, Weght Icones tab. 225.
A very common tree on the Nilgiris, dnamallays and Pulneys, at the higher elevations. The margins of the leaves are always connivent,
rendering the leaves quite boat-shaped. The timber is used for building purposes. Wight figures the ovary as 4 celled, but in several flowers that
I have dissected zt is 3 celled.
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ELAOCARPUS TUBERCULATUS. (Nat. ord. Tiliacez.)
For Gen. Char. see under “ Eleocarpus amenus,” Pl. cxi.
ELHOCARPUS TUBERCULATUS. (Roxb.) A gigantic tree, leaves crowded about the apex of the branchlets, obovate-
oblong remotely and inconspicuously serrulate, gradually narrowed into a retuse base very broad towards the apex and obtusely pointed,
glabrous above villous beneath particularly along the veins, 8-12 inches long by 4-5 broad, petioles 1-2 inches long round and villous,
stipules conical villous deciduous, racemes numerous just below the leaves (from the axils of fallen leaves) 3-4 inches long villous as
are the bractes, pedicels and calyx, pedicels short drooping | flowered, bractes lanceolate caducous 1 to each flower, flowers pure white
1 inch long, petals villous on the back glabrous inside except at the 2 oblong glands at the base, each one bifid for nearly half its length
the divisions overlapping, many fringed, anthers very numerous 70-80, each with a long terminal beak from the exterior valve, ovary 2
celled, ovaries numerous in 2 rows, drupe size of a small apple, nut woody oval slightly compressed much tubercled on its flat sides
with a thickened margin, 1-2 celled. Rowb. Fl. Ind. iii. p. 594. Monocera tuberculata, Wight. Ic. tab. 62. E. serrulatus, Rowb Hort.
Bengh. p. 42. E. bilocularis, Roxb. in #. I. C. Mus. tab. 1. 985.
This truly magnificent tree ts very common in Coorg, the Annamallays, Malabar and Travancore, up to an etevation of about 4.000 feet,
and probably throughout our western forests. Very large trees of it may be seen in the dense forests about the foot of the Nitgiris below Makurty
Peak and Banghy tappal ; it ts called Roodrack, and the beads are worn asornaments, and by fakeers. I am not acquainted with the timber, bus
at is worth atiention.
113 ’
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LEPTONYCHIA MOACURROIDES. (Nat. order Tiliacez.)
LEPTONYCHIA. Zurez.—GEN. CHAR. Sepals 5 distinct valvate in bud, petals 5 glandular at the base very small inserted round the base
of the torus alternate with the sepals, imbricate in bud, staminal tube short embracing the base of the ovary, fertile stamens 10 in pairs in the sinuses of
5 small tooth like staminodia, each fertile filament being also furnished with a long sterile filament attached at its back about $rd from the base, anther
cells parallel at length divaricate, ovary + celled, ovules numerous in 2 rows attached to the axis, style simple, stigma obscurely 2 fid, fruit verrucose and
densely downy dehiscent, by abortion 8 celled, cells 1 seeded, seed covered with ared spongy aril, albumen horny, embryo straight, radicle pointing to
the hilum. ‘Trees or shrubs, leaves entire glabrous, flowers small in short axillary cymes.
LLEPTONYCHIA MOACURROIDES. (Bedd.) A small tree with much the appearance of a Grewia, leaves glabrous
on both sides penninerved or sub 3 nerved at the base, oblong with a long gradually fine acumination, about 4 inches long by 12 broad,
petioles 3-4 lines long, stipules small lanceolate early caducous, flowers in axillary cymes about the length of the petioles, calycine
segments linear lanceolate pubescent, petals nearly orbicular not more than zth the length of the sepals densely villous except at the
pase inside, ovary and style pubescent, fruit about ¢ of an inch each way slightly 2 lobed verrucose and covered with down (and much
like that of Moacurra gelonioides).
An elegant small tree inhabiting the western coast forests of the Madras Presidency, 1,000 to 3,000 feet elevation. I have met with i
on the Carcoor ghat inthe Wynad, onthe Coimbatore hills, and onthe Tinnevelly ghats.
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WORMIA BRACTEATA. (Nat. ord. Dilleniacez.)
WORMIA. Rotil—GEN. CHAR. Sepals 5 spreading. Petals 5. Stamens numerous, with erect linear anthers opening at the summit ia
éwo pores, the inner ones often longer and recurved. Carpels 5 to 10, scarcely cohering, with several ovules in each, dehiscent when ripe. Seeds with an
arillus. Trees, often very lofty, leaves large, with raised parallel veins diverging from the midrib, the petioles often bordered with narrow deciduous
wings, flowers large, in loose terminal panicles,
W ORMIA BRACTEATA. (Wight.) A large tree, young parts sericeous, leaves obovate gradually attenuated towards the
base, rounded at the apex crenate or serrate, glabrous on both sides in age, 3-8 inches long by 3-34 broad, petioles 1-1} inches long,
racemes few flowered, leaf opposed, pubescent, shorter than the leaves, flowers white 24-3} inches in diameter, sepals sericeous on the
outside, petals obovate, ovaries 5, styles minutely 2 cleft at the apex. Dillenia bracteata, Waght Icones tab. 358. Wormia, H. f. et 7.
Flora Ind. p. 68.
This very handsome tree I have only observed on the Coimbatore hills and the Anamalloys, but it is also found in Mysore and on the
North Arcot and Cuddapah hills. It is well deserving of cultivation for ornamental planting, dc. The specimen figured was collected in the
Bolamputty valley on hills near Coimbatore, and TI believe I am correct in referring it to Dr. Wight’s species ; his figure however is not as good
as his description.
WORMIA TRIQUETRA. (Roitl). A Ceylon tree very like this species, differs in its much broader leaves rounded at the base. and in
ats more numerously flowered glabrous peduncles; the young petioles are curiously sheathed in the stipules, which lalier are however soon
deciduous. It is a highly ornamental tree and very common about Colombe, and might receive attention for ornamentul planting.
115
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CRATASVA RELIGIOSA, (Nat. ord. Capparidacez.)
CRATAVA. Linn.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx 4-partite ; lobes distinct from the base and open in estivation. Petals 4, elliptical or ovate, pen-
niveined, with along claw. Stamens usually 16-20, inserted on the more or less dilated torus; filaments free filiform. Ovary ovoid or globose on a long
gynophore, l-celled with 2 multiovulate placentas or 2-celled owing to the cohesion more or less of the placentas. Stigma sessile. Fruit globose or ovoid
with a coriaceous rind. Seeds indefinite, reniform ; testa coriaceous ; radicle conical, incumbent. Trees or shrubs, leaves 3-foliolate, flowers corymbose,
showy.
CRATAVA RELIGIOSA. (Forst. ; DO. Prod. I, 243.) A tree attaining about 30 feet. Branches glabrous, smooth or
slightly verrucose. Leaves 3-foliolate. Leaflets membranous, acuminate, entire, glabrous, petiolulate, articulated to the petiole, 3-6
inches long ; central leaflet elliptical elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate, narrowed into the petiolule ; lateral leaflets usually obliquely
ovate-elliptical or rhomboidal. Flowers polygamous, ?-14 inches across, in terminal and lateral many-flowered corymbs. Pedicels 3-2
inches ; upper bracts linear or subulate, caducous. Calyx-lobes oblong or ovate-oblong, distinct, rather acute. Petals enlarging after
expansion ; lamina elliptical or ovate, obtuse, claw equalling the sepals. Ovary ellipsoidal to globose, on a gynophore of 1-2 inches;
i-celled cr 2-locular at least partially, owing to the cohesion of the placentas. Fruit about the size of an apple, with a coriaceous
pericarp on a strong stipes. Olwer Fl. Afi. p.99. C. Roxburghii, B. Br. C. Adansonii, et leta, De. Prod. I. 243.
A small tree very handsome when in flower, common throughout the Madras Presidency, Bombay, Bengal, and in Ceylon, and also found
in Africa ; it occasionally flowers before the leaves are developed, but not generally ; it rs very common on the banks of rivers, and. is much planted by
natives. The wood is soft but tolerably serviceable and is used for various purposes. The tree is called Uskia man ( Teligu) in the Northern Divi-
sion and in the Godavery forests, and Lunuwarana in Ceylon ; the fruitis hard, globose and woody, and something like that of ihe Wood-apple —
( Feronia. ) =
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AVERRHOA BILIMBI. (Nat. ord. Geraniacez.)
AVERRHOA. Linn.—GEN. CHAR. Flowers regular, sepals 5 imbricate, petals 5 hypogynous contorted, glands of the disk none, stamens 10
very shortly connate at the base all bearing anthers or 5 sterile, ovary slightly 5-6 lobed, 5-6 celled, styles distinct, stigmas capitate; ovules numerous in
the cells, berry oblong indehiscent, seed naked cr arillate, albumen fleshy sparse, embryo straight, Trees, leaves alternate unequally pinnate exstipulate,
flowers racemosely panicled.
AvVERRHOA BILIMBI. (Linn,) A small tree, 15-20 feet, leaflets sub-opposite 5-10 pairs (rachis very villous) softly
villous on both sides especially underneath, entire ovate to oblong-lanceolate acuminate, 14-2 inches long by 3 inch broad, petioles 1-2
lines long, panicles villous, flowers reddish, calyx villous or pubescent, limb of the petals ovate-oblong, anthers 10 alternately long and
short, ovary 5-6 celled, style 5-6, fruit oblong obtusely angled, seed exarillate. DC. Prod. J, p. 689. Bilimbi, Rheede Mal. 3. t. 45, 46.
This pretty little tree is common in a cultivated and semt-wild state, and easily establishes itself ; it is supposed to be a native of Iadia,
but I have never seen it in any of our jungles ; the fruit is a pleasant acid, and syrup is made of it, and it is preserved and pickled. Its
mative name is bilimbi.
117
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GARUGA PINNATA. (Nat. ord. Burseracez.)
GARUGA. Roxb.—GEN. CHAR, Flowers polygamous. Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed, valvate. Petals 5, inserted above the middle of the
ealyx-tube, induplicate-valvate. Disk thin, lining the calyx-tube. Stamens 10, inserted with the petals. Ovary 4 or 5-celled; styles elongated ; ovules
2 in each cell. Drupe indehiscent, with 5 or fewer bony nuts, rugose outside. Seeds solitary in each nut; cotyledons folded. ‘frees, leaves pinnate.
Flowers rather large for the order, in terminal panicles.
GARUGA PINNATA. (Roxb.) A large tree, leaves unequally pinnate, 8 inches to 3 feet long, leaflets very shortly petiol-
ed, generally about 7-9 pairs with an odd one, elliptic-oblong very unequal at the base with an acumination at the apex, crenate-ser-
rate, 2-4 inches long by 1-1} broad, more or less villous on both sides or nearly glabrous, panicles terminal many flowered puberulous
or mealy, flowers 2-3 lines in diameter yellowish white, disk lining the calyx tube for more than half its length and closely adhering
to it, crowned with 10 gland-like rounded teeth at its apex each alternate with one of the stamens, filaments hairy, anthers versatile,
ovary sessile hairy, styles hairy combined into one elongate about as long as the petals, stigmas 5, drupe globose fleshy about the size
of a gooseberry with 1-5 bony nuts. Rowb. Fl. Ind. ii. 400.
A very common tree in almost every dry jungle and forest in the Madras Presidency, also in Bombay and Bengal, but absent from
Ceylon ; the leaves are deciduous in the cold weather and appear with the flowers eurry in the hot season ; the fruit is eaten by the natives both raw
and pickled. The tree ts called Koorak inthe Bombay Presidency, and Khar-pat in Bengal ; the timber is I believe, inferior, but is in use with the
natives, and rather prized in some parts. The bark is collected by tanners, and the leaves are used as fodder. The Teligu name is Garugu, and
the Tamil Karre Vembu.
118
. ss PL. CXVIN.
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SCHLEICHERA TRIJUGA. (Nat, order Sapindacez.)
SCHLEICHEBA. Willd. GEN. CHAR. Flowers polygamo -licecious, calyx small 4-6 cleft valvate or obscurely imbricate, petals 0, disk
repand or lobed, stamens 8-10 (rarely 4-5) inserted on to the disk, filaments elongate puberulous, anthers basifixed, ovary 3-4 celled, attenuated into a rigid
style, stigma capitate 3-4 lobed, revolute, ovules solitary in the cells erect, fruit dry subcrustaceous ovoid apiculated with the base of the style unarmed
or armed with a few prickles, 1-3 celled, seed erect included in a pulpy aril compressed, testa black, embryo conduplicate, cotyledons unequal connate. Trees,
leaves alternate exstipulate abruptly or unequally pinnate, ieaflets subopposite few paired entire or undulately repand, racemes simple or paniculate,
flowers small fasciculate.—Cassumbium, Rumph. Koon, Gert. Melicocea, /uss.
ScHLEICHERA TRIJUGA. (Willd.) A large tree, young parts seviceous, leaves about the extremities of the branches
abruptly pinnate, 8-16 inches long, leaflets 2 4 pairs, subopposite sessile lanceolate to oblong, entire very unequal at the base, pretty
smooth on both sides, the luwest pair the smallest, 3 to 8 inches long by 1-14 broad, panizles cally or from the old axils, slightly
puberulous ; male flowers and hermathrodite generally on different trees, maie flowers much crowded, stamens 6-10, generally 8, a smal]
rudiment of an ovary in the middle of the disk. Hermathrodite, flowers more laxly arranged, ovary ovoid gradually attenuated into a
short style 3 celled, cells 1 ovuled, ovules erect, stigma 3 lobed, fruit dry size of a small nut smooth and unarmed, or furnished with a
few prickles, aril succulent and edible. Roub. Fl. Ind. ii. 277, AHA
This handsome tree is very abundant throughout the Madras Presidency, Bombay, Bengal and Ceylon, ascending the mountuins
up to about 3,000 feet, but always confined to the dry forests. It flowers early in the hot season, it ts one of ovr most valuable unreserved timbers,
and the wood is much prized in some districts ; it is reddish in color, very hord and heavy, and makes excellent crushers for sugar and oil mills,
and is in use for building and 2 variety of purposes. The common Tamil name is Puva, and the Teligu Puska, on the Anamallays itis cailed -
Puwatti by the Kaders, and in Canarese it is called Chakota and ‘ Akota, in Ceylon Cong, and in Bengal Gosam. The frutt ripens in May, and
the pulpy aril is « very agreeable acid ; an oil is expressed from the seed and used for burning, anda quantity of lac is produced on the young
branches. The fruit is sometimes quite smooth though often armed with prickles, which ¢ ts evidently caused by some wusect.
The figure represents a flowering branch of a male tree:—lis a young anaila floor, stamens not fully developed ; 2, the disk and stamens
of male flower, calyx removed ; 3, a branch of hermat/rodite flowers; 4, an hermathrodite flower,
119
TROCHISANDRA INDICA. (Nat. order Celastrinez.)
TROCHISANDRA. Bedd.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx 5 cleft, petals 5 patent, stamens 5 alternating with the petals and monadelphous ina comi-
plete ring round the base of the ovary, filaments subulate, anthers didymous, ovary globose free 2 celled, cells 2 ovuled, ovules erect, raphe ventral,
micropyle inferior, styles 2 filiform, capsule coriaceous deeply 2 lobed 2 celled dehiscent, seed generally solitary by abortion erect furnished with a very
large thick fleshy aril, albumen sparse fleshy, embryo erect, cotyledons small ovate unequal, radicle elongate. -A lofty tree, stipules very large at the apex
of the branches including the leaf bud, early deciduous and leaving a large scar, leaves alternate entire very coriaceous and shining penniyeined, panicles
axillary, flowers small on short pedicels.
My only flowering specimen of this new genus has been forwarded to Kew, and thz generic character is taken from a drawing of the
flower made some three years ago, and a specimen in fruit.
TROCHISANDRA Inpica. (Bedd.) A lofty tree, everywhere glabrous, leaves oblong to oblongo ovate very coriaceous and
shining, veins very prominent on the underside scarcely acute or rourded at the apex 6-8 inches long by 2-3 broad, petioles 1-14 inches
long, panicles axillary towards the apex of the branches about the length of the leaves many flowered, flowers small 2-3 lines in diameter,
capsule deeply 2 lobed, lobes oblong 1-14 inches long, one generally abortive and smaller than the fertile one, dehiscing at maturity.
A very handsome tree with o, beautiful foliage, much resembling the Indian rubber tree (Ficus elasticu) when only in foliage ; it is very
abundant in the dense moist forests of the Anamallays at an, elevation of 3,000-4,500 feet, in which localities it is a very large tree, and I have
also observed it onthe banks of the Toracadu (on the same mountains ) at an elevtion of nearly 6,000 feet, but it is of smaller growth at this elevu-
tion; it is said by the nitives to yield a valuable timber ; it flowers in December and January, and ripens its fruit in April and May. The
genus is nearly allied to Kurrimia ( Wall). ‘
J20
PL. CXX,
FERONIA ELEPHANTUM. (Nat. order Rutacez.)
FERONIA. Correa.—GEN. CHAR. Flowers polygamous by abortion, calyx small 5 toothed, teeth deciduous, petals 5 rarely 4-6 patent
oblongo-lanceolate imbricate with incurved tips, stamens 10-12 (sometimes a few imperfect ?) filaments dilated at the base, apiculate at the apex, inserted
below the torus, anthers linear-oblong, torus a short soft woolly bed, style none, stigma large oblong 5 lobed, ovary oblong 1 celled, placentas 5-6 parietal,
ovules numerous crowded in many series, berry globose woody 1 celled, many seeded, filled with pulp, seed oblong compressed, cotyledons thick fleshy, A
thorny tree, leaves unequally pinnate, flowers racemose or panicled ; fruit large woody, pulp edible.
FERONIA ELEPHANTUM. (Corr.) A large tree, leaves unequally pinnate 2-4 inches long quite glabrous, leaflets 5-7
almost sessile lanceolate to obovate quite entire or slightly crenulate towards the apex, furnished with glandular dots, petioles slightly
winged, panicles short axillary or terminal or from nodes in the old axils, puberulous, flowers small dull reddish colored, petals ciliate
at the apex, in the male flower there is a small abortive ovary and 5 lobed stigma and generally 11-12 fertile stamens, in the herma-
throdite the stamens are fertile generally 10, the filaments in the male are rather shorter and less apiculate than in the hermathrodite,
(I have never observed imperfect stamens in either sex.) Fruit as large as a billiard ball, hard and woody with a greyish rind, seeds
immersed in fleshy edible pulp. DC. Prod. Vol. i. 538.
This treeis common throughout India and in Ceylon, it is universaliy known as the Wood-apple, in Teligu it is called Velaga and
Elaka ; Kaweet in Hindustanee; Vela in Tamil ; Bilwar in Canarese ; and Diwool in Ceylon: the wood is hard, strong, heavy and durable,
and is used for various purposes. A gum exudes from the trunk, which is much like the gum Arabic, the pulp of the fruit makes a pleasant
jelly, and the leaves are used medicinally by the natives. The tree flowers in February dnd March, it is much cultivated throughout India, it is
the only species of this gens.
Fig. i. fertile flowers.
Fig, ii. male flowers.
121
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AILANTHUS MALABARICA. (Nat. order Simarubee.)
AILANTHUS. Desf.—-GEN. CHAR. Flowers polygamous, calyx small 5 lobed, lobes equal imbricate, petals 5 patent valvate or slightly
imbricate at the sides with the tips incurved, disk 10 lobed, stamens 10 in the male flowers, (10 or fewer or none in the female or hermathrodite) inserted
at the base of the disk, filaments very short or filiform without scales, ovary of 2-5 carpels more or less connate (rudimentary in the male flowers) carpels
compressed 1 celled, styles as many as the carpels consolidated into 1 with plumose stigmas, often more or less distinct towards the base, ovules solitary
in each cell attached to the ventral suture below the apex, fruit of 1 to 5 oblong membranous samare thickened in the centre round the single seed, seed
flattened, suspended, testa membranaceous, albumen scanty, cotyledons leafy nearly orbicular, radicle short superior. Large trees, leaves alternate pinnate;
leaflets many pair, flowers small in terminal panicles,
ArLantuus Mataparica. (DC.) A lofty tree, bark rough and often studded with bright reddish grains of resin,
leaves equally pinnate, quite glabrous 15-20 inches long, leaflets 6-10 subopposite or opposite pair commencing a little above the base
of the petiole, semiovate from a very unequal base gradually attenuated into a long acumination, glabrous on both sides, shining above,
very pale beneath, (veins pinnate forked and looped near the margin) 3-7 inches long by 1-14 broad, petiolules 2-4 lines long ; panicles
axillary much branched nearly as long as the leaves and occasionally leafy at the base of the lowest ramification, slightly puberulous or
glabrous, calyx slightly puberulous and ciliate, petals slightly imbricate at the edges and with incurved tips, male fiowers smaller than
the female, disk 10 lobed with a minute 3 lobed rudiment of an ovary in its centre, stamens much exserted, much longer than the corol,
anthers oblong attached by the centre of the back ; female flowers with 10 sterile stamens alternately shorter, all much shorter than
the corol, anthers sterile saggitate basifixed, disk large irregularly lobed or warted. Samara 3-33 inches long by 10-13 lines broad.
DC. Prod. ii. p. 89. Pongelion, Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 25.
A very lofty tree, common in the dense moist forests of the Western ghats of the Madras Presidency (up to 3,000 feet) fiom S. Canara
down to Cape Comorrn, also in Ceylon ; in S. Canara it is called Doop or Baga Doop, matti pal on the Annamullays, and Kumbalu or Wal biling
in Ceylon, in Travancore the tree is commonly planted, and is very ornamental, a fragrant resinous balsam (known as mutti pal) exudes from
the trunk, reduced to powder mixed with milk and strained it is given by native doctors in dysentery and said to be a first rate remedy, the
bark has a pleasant slightly bitter taste and is used medicinally by the natives as a febrifuge and tonie. Mr. Broughton has favored me with.
the following report on some of the resin submitied ta him for onalysis.
“ This resin as commonly met with is dark brown or grey in color, is plastic, opaque and has an agreeable smell. Ft contains much
impurity. The pure resin is very soft, having the consistence of thick treacle, and this is doubtless the reason why tt is always mixed with frag-
ments of earth which makes it more easy to handle. The sample which I examined contained but 77 ger cent. of resin, the remainder being
adulterations. Alcohol readily dissolves the resin, and on evaporation leaves it as a very viscous, transparent light brown semi-liquid, which does
not solidify by many days exposure to a sicam heat. When burnt it gives out a fragrance, and hence it is sometimes used for incense. Tis
perfume is however inferior to that produced by many other resins employed in the concoction of the incense employed in Christian and Heathen
worship. The peculiar consistency of the resin would enable it to substitute Venice turpentine for many purposes. A substitute for Venice
turpentine in India is mentioned as a desideraiwm in the reports of the Juries of the Madras Exhibition of 1855, class 1V.”
PL:GXXIL.
Durephy, Lith:
ge
ee)
he biA\”
uh ri
DAL
7
ODINA WODIER. (Nat. ord. Anacardiacez.)
ODINA. Roxd.-GEN. CHAR. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 4-5 fid or partite; segments ovate or roundish. Petals as many, imbricate.
Disk small, annular or saucer-shaped. Male flowers, stamens 8 or 10, inserted under the margin of the disk ; anthers versatile or subyersatile. Rudiment of
ovary usually 4 fid. Fertile flowers, anthers smaller often effete. Ovary sessile, free, glabrous or hairy, 1 celled. Styles 4 or 3, short, distinct, rather stout ;
stigmas terminal. Ovule solitary, pendulous. Drupe oblong or ellipsoidal, compressed. Embryo with flat fleshy cotyledons. Trees or shrubs. Leaves
alternate, deciduous, unequally pinnate, usually collected at the extremities or in lateral tufts from nodes of a previous year; leaflets opposite, entire.
Flowers racemose, often fasciculate, shortly pedicellate or subsessile. Rob. Fl. Ind. ii. 293. Lannea, Guill, and Perr. Fl. Seneg. 1. 153.
ODINA WODIER. (Roxb.) A large tree, trunk of no great height to the branches, but thick and tolerably straight, bark
pretty smooth ash colored, branches numerous, the lower spreading the upper ones disposed in every direction generally leafless at the
time of flowering, leaves alternate about the ends of the branchlets unequally pinnate 10 to 18 inches long, leaflets about 5 opposite pair
(with an odd one) on the upper half of the common petiole ; sessile or subsessile ovate to oblong often oblique at the base entire with
a longish blunt acumination, when young more or less covered with white stellate wool at length quite glabrous, 2-5 inches long by
1-2 inches broad ; inflorescence terminal the male on long filiform panicled spikes, the fertile on short racemes bath covered with
stellate rather scaly pubescence, flowers tetramerous very small, male and fertile on the same tree or on different trees, calyx slightly
hairy, in the male there are 8 fertile stamens on long filaments inserted under the 8-9 lobed disk, in the centre of which is the rudiment
of an ovary terminating in a style with a star-like 4 cleft apex, in the female there are 8 sterile anthers on short filaments a large
ovary crowned with 4 short stout distinct styles, stigmas more or less 2 cleft, drupe kidney-form smooth, red when ripe, the size of a
small olive.
This tree is common in most of our jungles aad is found in Bengal, Bombay and Ceylon, and is also abundant everywhere in this
Presidency in a planted state, particularly as an avenve tree, but the cultivated trees are generally grown from cuttings and are gnarled ugly
specimens ; it is the worst possible avenue tree as it is bare of leaves for several months in the driest and hottest time of the year ; i is called
Gumpini and Dumpini in Teligu, Wodier and Wudeia Tamil, Shimteeand Poonil in Canarese, and Hig or Hok in Ceylon, it seldom ascends the
mountains to any elevation, but is found all over the Mysore plateau at 3,000 feet; the outer wood is white and worthless, but the heart wood of good
seedling trees which is of a deep reddish mahogany, is useful for many purposes and would be excellent for cabinet purposes and furniture, the lree
is lopped for fodder and a gum exudes from the trunk which is used medicinally by the natives, being given in asthma and as a cordial and
used as a plaster and also in cloth printing, the tree inhabits Birmah, where it is called Nabhay and the timber is in use for sheaths of swords,
spear handles, owl presses and rice pounders, and a closely allied species is found in tropical Africa.
123
PL: CXXIIL.
Dur phy Lathe:
ay,
BOSWELLIA GLABRA. (Nat. order Burseracez.)
BOSwWELLIA. Rox).—GEN. CHAR. Flowers reuglar hermathrodite. Calyx small 5-7 toothed persistent, petals 5-7 spreading imbricate,
stamens 10-13 alternately shorter inserted under the fleshy annular undulate or crenate disk, ovary sessile narrowed into a short style 3 rarely 4 celled,
stigma 3=4 lobed or entire, ovules 2 in each cell collateral attached to the axis above the middle, fruit 3 rarely 4 angled coriaceous, the epicarp separating
in 3-4 valves from as many bony 1 seeded pyrenes which are persistent to the central axis, seed compressed pendulous with a membranaceous margin, testa
membranaceous, cotyledons muitifid contortuplicate or quite flat, radicle superior. Trees abounding with resin, bark deciduous in papery or membranous
laminz, leaves deciduous crowded at the apex of the branches, alternate, unequally pinnate, exstipulate, leaflets opposite serrate, racemes or panicles
axillary or collected at the ends of the branches, appearing before the leaves, flowers white. Roxb. Pl. Corom. iii. 4. ¢. 207. Libanus, Coleb. iz As. Res.
9.3771.5.f.1. Plesslia, End. Nov. Stirp. Dec. 39.
BoswWELLIA GLABRA. (Roxb.) A good sized tree with a greenish smooth bark, leaves alternate towards the apex of the
branches unequally pinnate, about 1 foot long, the petiole very slightly puberulous or glabrous, leaflets 6-10 opposite or subopposite
pair, with a terminal odd one, sessile or subsessile, glabrous on both sides, from quite entire to distantly serrated often only towards the
apex, lanceolate obtuse about 2} inches long, by 10-12 lines broad, racemes terminal, or from the upper axils rather crowded, slightly
puberulous, calyx puberulous or subglabrous 5-6 or occasionally 7 cleft, petals 5-6 occasionally 7 slightly puberulous on the back,
anthers hairy 10-12 occasionally 13, ovules 2 in each cell collateral attached to the axis above the middle, stigma 4 lobed, pyrenes (not
quite mature) heart-shaped with a long beak at the apex (at length winged %), cotyledons flat or contortuplicate trifid, lobes again
variously cut or entire, radicle superior long. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. p. 384.
This fragrant resin-bearing tee ts very common in many of our dry subalpine jungles, particularly on the eastern side of the Pre-
sidency, on the Vellore, Cuddapah, North Arcot and Kurnool hills, Mysore, Guzelehatiy pass, &e. ce. ; it does now occur in Ceylon, it flowers in
January and February generally when quite destitute of leaves, the gum-resin is the olabanum of commerce and is known to the natives os
Koondricum, it is much used asa fragrant incense and (when boiled with oil) as pitch, and is also said to possess stimulant astringent and
diaphoretic properties, it is largely used in some parts of India as an application to indolent sores and is supposed to form the chief ingredient
in“ Wroughton’s ointment,” it is well deserving of careful attention and can be procured in almost any quantity, the substance is bitter and
pungent and is soluble in ether and spirits of wine ; in Tamil the tree is called Kungli and Googoolu and Telugu Anduga. Jam not acquainted
with its timber, but it is said by the natives to be of little or no value.
Analysis.
The drawing is from fresh specimens collected on the Nilgiri slopes, the analysis is from 5- merous flowers (which are most
common) but the sepals and petals are sometimes 6-7 and the stamens 12-13.
Fig. i. is a fruit opened, showing the heart-shaped pyrene or nut.
Fig. ii. A nut cut vertically, showing the embryo with unfolded trifid cotyledons (they are sometimes folded.)
Fig. iii, An embryo opened out showing more cut cotyledons than in fig. ii.
124
PL. CXALV.
*e
Durvayptiy, Lele:
PROTIUM CAUDATUM, (Nat. ord. Burseracez.)
PROTIUM, Wight and Arnot.—GEN. CHAR, Flowers polygamous, calyx small tubular 4 cleft or dentate, lobes valvate ; petals 4 erect, with the
apex recurved and the tips incurved, linear oblong slightly imbricate at the sides with the tips incurved in estivation ; disk urceolate 4 lobed lining the bot-
tom of the calyx, margin free, stamens 8-10 inserted below the margin of the disk on the outside alternately shorter, erect free shorter than the calyx in the
fertile flower, much longer than the calyx in the sterile flower, the longer ones rising from the back of the lobes of the disk and the shorter ones from or be-
hind the sinuses ; ovary sessile 2-4 celled, style very short or obsolete, stigma 3-4 lobed, ovules 2 in each cell collateral pendulous from the apex of the axis,
drupe fleshy globose, sarcocarp at length 4 valved with 1-4 bony 1 seeded pyrenes which are connate at first but at length separating, seed oblong, testa
membranaceous, cotyledons membranaceous contortuplicate, ‘Yadicle superior. Small trees without thorns, bearing resin; leaves alternate towards the apex
of the branches, 3 foliate or unequally pinnate, panicles long peduncled crowded towards the apex of the branches, flowers small. WA. Prod. p. 176.
Protionopsis, Bl. Adus. Bot. 1. 229.
ProriuM CAUDATUM. (WA.) A middling sized tree, bark very smooth and of a bright green color, leaves alternate
about the extremities of the branches 3-foliate or unequally pinnate, 3-6 inches long, leaflets 1 to 5 pair with an odd one, quite
glabrous on both sides, from broadly ovate to lanceolate with a long terminal sharp acumination, about 2 inches long by 4-1 inch
broad, petiolules 2-4 lines long, panicles fascicled supra axillary from the young shoots ; about equal in length to the young leaves but
shorter than the adults, 2-3 times dichotomous, lax, furnished with filiform apiculate bracteoles (2-3 lines long) at the base of the ramifi-
cations ; petals reflexed but with an incurved tip at the apex, stamens 8 alternately shorter inserted below the margin of the disk on
the outside, shorter than the calyx in the fertile flowers, much longer than the calyx in the sterile, the anthers of the shorter filaments
apiculate the others rounded, ovary oblong 2 celled, ovules 2 in each cell collateral pendulous from the apex of the axis, stigma subses_
sile 8-4 lobed, in the male flowers, there is a small abortive ovary with a 3 lobed sessile stigma, drupe the size of a small-sloe. WA.
Prod. Dp. 176. OA, Jaw Pim ws Ke tak >Re 7,
This green barked tree is common in most of our dry subalpine jungles on both sides of the Madras Presidency, and is found in Ceylon
all over this Presidency ; it is very common as an avenue tree, and a very bad one it makes, as it is bare of leaves foi some months towards the end
of the cold season and beginning of the hot, the young leaves appearing with the flowers in March. It is curious that it is not mentioned by Roxburgh
as it is so abundant in some parts of the Northern Oircars ; it is called Konda Mamidi in Teligu and Kilevay in Tamil ; the whole tree is very
odoviferous, the leaves and bark having a strong grateful fragrance something like mangoes. The tree grows most readily from large cuttings, which
is the reason it is so often employed for avenue purposes ; the wood is said to be worthless.
The figure is from a drawing executed in the Ceylon Herbarium, and represents fertile flowers. My S. Indian specimens quite tally, except
that the leaflets are broader and fewer in number, the stigma generally (always?) 3 lobed, and the ovules pendulous instead of ascending ; the latter
difference is an error of the Ceylon artist. I have added (figure A.) dissections of the male flower taken from fresh specimens collected in this Presidency.
The South Indian species of Protiwm and the 8. Indian Balsamodendron, must be placed under the same genus ; the flowers only differ
in the former having « 4 lobed disk and the latter a 6 8-crenated disk, and there is no difference in the fruit ; the 2 species of Pr otium are unarmed _
with long peduncled panicles. Balsamodendron is armed, and has wlmost sessile inflorescence, but this would Wk constitute a generic distinction, and
_ the genus Protium of WA. must lapse.
PL .CXXV
oo LLL LIL JA /
BALSAMODENDRON BERRYI. (Nat. ord. Burseracez.)
BALSAMODENDRON, Kunth.—GEN. CHAR. Flowers polygamous. Calyx tubular 4 toothed persistent, petals 3-4 erect recurved towards
the apex with incurved tips, linear-oblong, the sides slightly imbricate and tips incurved in wstivation, stamens 6-8 inserted outside the mnargin of the
very short 6-8 crenated disk, free, alternately shorter, ovary surrounded by the disk sessile 2-3 celled, narrowed into a longish style, stigma obtuse 4 lobed,
Ovules 2 in each cell, collateral pendulous, in the male flowers the ovaries are abortive very small or sometimes wanting. Drupe ovoid or subglobose,
epicarp 2-4 valved, with 1-3 bony 1 seeded pyrenes, seeds exalbuminous, testa membranaceous, cotyledons contortuplicate sheathing the terete pointed
superior radicle. Trees or shrubs yielding resin, generally spinose, leaves alternate 1-3 foliate or unequally-pinnate, flowers emall fascicled on thickened
nodes or short lateral ramuli or on 1-4 flowered axillary jointed peduncles. Kunth. in Ann, Sc. Nat. ii. 848. Heudelotia, A. Rich. Fl. Seneg. 150. 7, 39.
Commiphora, Jacq. Hort. Schend. t. 294. Balsamophleos, 0. Berg. in Bot. Zeit.
BaLsaAMODENDRON Berryt. (Arnt.) A small or middling sized very thorny tree up to 3-4 feet in girth with nu-
merous lateral spinose ramuli nearly at right angles with the branches, leaves more or less fascicled at the extremities or from nodes
on the branches or thorn-like ramuli, trifoliate 1-14 inches long, common petiole $ an inch long channelled slightly puberulous, leaflets
sessile or subsessile at the apex of the petiole cuneate obovate, the terminal one twice as large as the lateral ones, glabrous on both
sides from entire or slightly undulate to more or less crenate particularly towards the apex, flowers very small (about 3 lines long)
fascicled on nodes on the branches and thorn-like ramuli sessile or subsessile, calyx tubular 3-4 cleft at the apex, corol twice or nearly
twice as long as the calyx 3-4 petaled, petals slightly imbricate at the sides with inflexed tips during zstivation, erect in expansion
with a recurved apex which terminates in an incurved tip, disk very small (generally rather larger in the male flowers than in the
fertile) 6-8 crenated, the crenatures resembling glands, stamens 6-8 alternately shorter, in the male all are very much longer than the
calyx and the 3-4 longer ones equal the corol, the anthers of the longer are rounded or subapiculate, and prominently apiculate on the
shorter, in the fertile flowers the 3-4 longer ones equal the teeth of the calyx and the others the sinuses only, the anthers are smaller,
(and effete ?) ovary large in the fertile flowers attenuated into a rather long style with a 4 lobed stigma, very small (or wanting) in the
male flowers, stigma 4 lobed, fruit as in the genus oblong sometimes obtusely angled 6-8 lines long apiculate. Arnot Ann. of Wat..
Hist. vol. iii. p. 85, 86 ;—Wrght, Ill. p. 185. Protium Gileadense, WA. Prod. 176. (exc. syn.) Amyris Gileadensis, Rowb. Fl. Ind.
lin 246i(excusym ig. | PoatG, wave. 7s So g
This is a good sized tree in the dry jungles to the east of the Nilgiris (Guealehatyy pass, dc.) covered with flower and fruit in Febru-
ary and March, all over the Presidency ii is very common as a hedge plant but seldom flowering in that state, as the inflorescence is either at-
tacked when young by some insect or rendered abortive from a successive propagation from cuttings. The whole tree has « grateful fragrance anc
a gun-resin exudes from it, the plant makes an admirable hedge.
T have taken the generic character entirely from the Indian plant, the diawing is from fresh specimens collected in the Counbaiore
district.
126
PL: CXXYIL.
Coverity, dai me
/ be Vee ‘ VA Me £
La ttt be ve Bette, tf FOES,
eae
cl
SA ae
i
A i c
F ARe ht) Wout
i
CANARIUM BRUNNEUM. (Nat. ord. Burseracez.)
CANARIUM, Linn.—GEN. CHAR. Flowers hermathrodite or polygamous, calyx urceolate or cupulate 3-5 cleft (rarely only 2) valvate per-
sistent, petals 3-5 as long or longer than the calyx, valvate or imbricate, stamens 8-10 short erect or incuryed (6 in some extra-Indian species) inserted
on to a long staminal tube, disk obsolete or none, or on the margin or outer side of a fleshy entire or undulate disk, filaments cohering more or less together
at the base and with the disk; ovary ovoid 2-3-4 celled, ovules 2 in each cell collateral fixed to the axis, stigma sessile or subsessile, capitate 3-4 lobed,
drupe ovoid or ellipsoid often 3 sided with a bony 1 seeded putamen, testa membranaceous, cotyledons contortuplicate, radicle short straight superior.
Large trees yielding resin, leaves alternate pinnate with or without stipules, the lowest pair of leaflets occasionally resembling stipules, leaflets opposite
entire or crenulate, panicles axillary, flowers small_—Scutinanthe, “hw. Colophonia, Comm. Pimela, Lour Fl. Cochin. Canariopsis, Blume Mus. Bot. 1. 222.
CANARIUM BRUNNEUM. (Thw.) <A tree 50 or 60 feet high, branchlets and young leaves rufo-tomentose, leaves
unequally pinnate 10-20 inches long, leaflets 5-11, oblong slightly oblique acuminate, entire, 4-8 inches long 2-3 broad reddish, peti-
olules 4 lines long sulcate above, tumid at the base, striated, panicles axillary many flowered tomentose, flowers 3 lines long, sepals 5
erect, petals 5 valvate fleshy coriaceous persistent, the leugth of the calyx, stamens 10 cohering in the lower part in a ring and con-
solidated with the base of the calyx and corol, anthers oblong introse, fixed by their back, ovary 2 celled, drupe oblong rufo-tomentose
attenuated at both ends about 1 inch long, cotyledons undivided. Zhw. Hn. Pl. Zey. p. 410. Scutinanthe brunnea, Zhw. Hook. Journ.
of Bot. viii. p. 266. ¢.8 & Hu. Pl. Zeyl. p. 78.
Ceylon, in the Central provinces, at an elevrtionr of 2,000-8,000 feet, called Mahabulumora.
bal
bo
“I
~
X
i
:
LM
MPM i
: A
aay
CANARIUM STRICTUM. (Nat. ord. Burseracez.)
CANARIUM STRICTUM. (Roxb.) A very large tree, polygamous, trunk tall and straight ; young branches, petioles, pani-
cles, and costa beneath, densely rufo-tomentose, leaves equally or unequally pinnate 1-4 feet long g, by 10-20 inches broad, leaflets brilliant-
red when young and densely tomentose on both sides, at length glabrous aud shining above, soft and densely tomentose beneath, (the —
tomentum being reddish on the costa and veins but otherwise whitish) ovate to oblong, acuminate, often very unequal at the base, about
4-7 opposite or subopposite pair with or without a long petioluled odd one, more or less crenulate or serrate particularly when young or
subentire, 5-12 inches long by 3-6 broad, petiolules about 3 lines long ; panicles axillary densely rufo-tomentose (as is the calyx) a
little shorter than the leaves, flowers white crowded towards the apex of the pedicels, calyx cupular 3-4 fid valvate persistent, petals 3-4
more than twice as long as the calyx much imbricate, slightly hairy ou the outside towards the apex ; male flowers, disk none, staminal
tube submembranaceous as long or a little longer than the calyx terminating in 6-8 filaments which are 4rd the length of the calyx
slightly dilated at the base and attenuated upwards, anthers oblong slightly acute dehiscing longitudinally attached at the back slightly
above the base, rudiment of the ovary small 6 lobed glabrous below densely hairy towards the apex ; female lowes unknown, drupe oval
tapering at both ends, putamen hard woody 3 celled.
This very beautiful tvee is most abundant in all the moist ghat forests on ihe western side of the Madras and Bombay Presidencies
up to 4,000-4,500 feet, but it does not occur in Ceylon or elsewhere, and itis never seen in dry forests, its brilliant crimson foliage makes it
a most beautiful sight when in young leaf, the leaves of saplings and young trees are very much larger than those of adults, the tree is known
as the “ black dammer” to Luropeans und is called Karapu Kungiliam in Tamil; but also receives the names of Googal and Dhup, and
in §. Canara Manda Dhoop, a brilliant black dammer exudes from incisions in the trunk which is a considerable article of trade with some of.
our hill tribes, this dammen is used medicinally and for vurious purposes ; it is insoluble in cold, but partially soluble in boiling ulcohol with
the addition of camphor; when goudered it is readily soluble in oil of turpentine, it emits a more resinous smell and burns with move smoke
than the Vateria resin, a small piece makes an excellent “fire reviver,” the tree flowers carly in the year, generally in January or February, but
sometimes as lateas April, Lamnet acquainted with the timber.
The following is Mr. Broughtoun’s report upon some of the resin submitted to him for chemical analysis.
This well known substance offers little chance of usefulness in Europe, at least when the many resins are considered that are found in the
market at a far less price. It is used in this county for many'small purposes, as in the manufacture of bottling wax, vurnishes, de. Its colowr
when in solution is pale compared with its dark tint when in mass. Though insoluble in spirit, tts solution tr turpentine forms a tolerable var-
nish. When submitted to destructive distillation it yields about 78 per cent of oil resembling that obtained from common colophony. Bui L
fear in the majority of its possible applications it possesses few advantages over ordinary resin at 7s. 6d. per cwt. The number of substances
suitable for coach varnishes have lately become very numerous in Hurope, common resin is now purified by a patent process consisting of distil.
lation with superheated steam, by which itis obtained nearly as transparent and colorless as glass, in such amount that a single firm turns
Out 60 tons per week.
The figure represents a branch in bud, and nearly the whole of a panicle from a male tree. Fig i. is the stamen tube from a3 merous mi: ule flower -
fig. ii. the same from a 4 merous flower; iii. abortive 6 lobed ovary opened out. In the plate are also analysis of the flowers of Canarium commune and C.
Zeylanicum (communicated by Dr. Thwaites.)
128
PL: CXXVII. |
Teese yet
FILICIUM DECIPIENS. (Nat. ord. Burseraces.)
FILICIUM. Thw.—GEN. CHAR. Flowers polygamous, calyx 5 parted, lobes imbricate, petals 5 small without scales imbricate, disk tomen-
tose 5 lobed, stamens 5 inserted on the disk, filaments filiform, anthers ovate-sagittate, ovary sessile globose 2 celled (sterile in the male flowers), style
short uucinate, stigma simple or slightly 2 lobed, ovules solitary in the cells pendulous from the apex, drupe fleshy with a membranaceous putamen
1-2 celled 1-2 seeded, seed oblong, testa, membranaceous, embryo exulbuminous curved, cotyledons foliaceous plicate, radicle dorsal directed towards
the hilum and nearly reaching it. A tree, leaves alternate coriaceous unequally pinnate, rachis winged, flowers small white panicled. The. Hn. Pl.
Zeyl. p. 408. Pteridophyllum, hw. in Hook. Kew. Journ, vi. 65. t. 1.
FYLICIUM DECIPIENS. ( WA.) A middling sized tree all the young parts clothed with scurf like scales, leaves when young
slightly puberulous in the costa beneath, more or less scaly on both sides and slightly glutinous at length glabrous, unequally pinnate
10-15 inches long by 33-7 wide, rachis interruptedly winged, the portion between each leaflet tapering at the base and truncated at the
apes, leaflets 6-12 alternate or subopposite pair, linear to narrow oblong tapering at the base quite entire or slightly repandulate
towards the apex, panicles axillary large shorter than the leaves angled ; flowers, &c. as in the generic character.—Rhus decipiens, WA.
Prod. p. 172.
This very elegant fern-leaved tree is found more or less throughout the Western ghat forests of the Madras Presidency and in Ceylon,
and has been introduced into gardens ; it is very abundant in the moist forests of the Anamallays at about 4000-4500 feet elev'ation and also at
much lower altitudes, the timber is strong and valuable for building purposes, i flowersin December and January and rivens its fruit in March,
in Ceylon it is called Pehimbia.
The drawing of the branch in fruit ix from a specimen collected on the Annamallays. The analysisis froma drawing by Di. Thwaites.
i. a male Hower; ii. the same petals removed ; iii. a fertile flower ovary removed ; iv. a section of a fertile flower showing the ovules and the
position of the stamens.
PL: CXNK
ged { 4 /
EAL De
CLEA
f
oe
lovizicloo, hel
AGLAIA ROXBURGHIANA. (Nat. ord. Meliaces.)
For Gen. Char. see under “ Meliacee” in the Manual.
Aguata RoxBurRGHIANA. (WA.) A large tree polygamous, all the young parts more or less scurfy with reddish scales,
leaves unequally pinnate 6 inches to 1 foot long, leaflets opposite or alternate 2-4 pair with an odd one, always more or less lanceolate
but sometimes obovato-lanceolate to obovate spathulate, quite entire, paler beneath, 2-5 inches long by 1-14 broad, petiolules 2-6 lines
long, panicles axillary all more or less scurfy from much shorter te longer than the leaves, generally longer and more compound in the
mile, and shortened in the fertile, flowers very small generally a little larger in the fertile, pedicels 1-3 lines long, calyx 5 fid scaly or
glabrous and often ciliate, petals 5 often scaly on the outside when young, staminal tube subglobose from nearly entire to 5 toothed
or lobed, anthers 5 sessile (but the tube immediately below each anther is often more or less thickened and gives the appearance of
there being a regular filament) quite included or their apices slightly protruded above the tube, fruit from nearly globose to pear-
shaped.—Milnea Roxburghiana, WA. Prod. p. 119. Milmea-apiocarpa, Tw. En.P1. Zey. p. 60.~
Very common throughout the ghat forests on the western side of Madras Presidency up to 4,000 feet, and in parts of Mysore, &c., and in
Ceylon ; it ts very variable in the shape of the leaves and fruit and amount of pubescence, the timber is strong and useful for building, the tree
generally flowers in March and April, but I have also seen it in flower ut other seasons. Fig A represents a common form (a branch of the fertile
tree with dissection of flowers of the male tree). B is a variety fiom the Tinnevelly hills (Attraymallay ghat) a inale tree with dissections of the
flowers, this variety has the leaves obovate-epaihulate, the dissections are all from male flowers, but the female flower only differs in having a
Sertile ovary.
One variety or species in my Herbariua, a large tee from South Canara which 1 refer doubtfully to this species, has the leaves about
2 feet long and the leaflets ovate-lanceolate from a broad base 7 inches long, male panicles nearly as long as the leaves and very compound, Rowers
in no way differing from those of Roxburghiana (fig. A), fertile lowers and fruit not seen.
Fig A is a branch of a fertile tree in young bud and young fruit, and dissections of male flowers (all from the Annamallays). Figure
Bis a male tree and dissections of the flowers (from South Tinnevelly. )
130
PL: CXXX.
Byals
roa)
iS
: Kt
AMY: 3 GEHL SD | Tey aur WW
Od) eee
LANSIUM ANAMALLAYANUM. (Nat. ord: Meliaces.)
LANSIUM. Rumph.—GEN. CHAR. Flowers dicecious, sepals 5 rounded imbricate, petals 5 rounded connivent imbricate, staminal tube
globose crenulate at the mouth, arthers 10 alternately shorter, the apices of the 5 longer ones just exserted, disk inconspicuous, ovary globose 3-5 celled,
style very short thick, stigma truncate 3-5 lobed or radiate, ovules 1-2 in each cell fixed to the axis, berry with a rind 5-celled or by abortion 1-4 celled
jndehiscent, cells 1-2 seeded. Seed solitary or twin collateral oblong, hilum ventral, aril pulpy covering the whole seed, testa coriaceous, cotyledons
transverse, radicle superior. Trees, leaves unequally pinnate, flowers small in axillary racemes or panicles or branched spikes, berry yellow or red, aril
sometimes edible-—Spherosacme, Walt. in part.
Lanstum ANAMALLAYANUM. (Bedd.) A good sized tree, leaves 6-9 inches long unequally pinnate, glabrous,
leaflets 3-5 elliptic obtusely acuminate, attenuated at the base, entire, 3-44 inches long by 14-2 broad, furnished with hairy glands
in the axils of the veins beneath, petiolules about $ an inch long, flowers in axillary panicled spikes, peduncle very short 1-2 lines
long, branchlets 2-3 inches long, flowers pentamerous hermathrodite (always?) yellow, about 2 lines in diameter, sepals imbricate
rounded ciliate, with 1-2 minute bracts at the base, petals about twice as large, imbricate, rounded at the apex, stamé€n-tube obsoletely
5 cleft, anthers 10 alternately shorter, the 5 longer ones just appearing above the apex of the tube, filaments adglutinate to the tube
and not separable with the anther, ovary densely strigose sessile on a very small disk, 3 lobed 3 celled, ovules 1 in each cell attached
to the axis near the base (or 2 ovules in each cell?) style very short or obsolete, stigma large obtusely 3 lobed, fruit oblong with
a dry greyish rind size of a grape, 2 celled, 2 seeded, seed completely covered with a very succulent ari]. Bedd in Linn,
Trans, vol. xxv., and Icones Plant. Indic tab. civ.
I formerly described the ovary cells as 2 ovuled, though I only figured them as 1 ovuled ; in dissecting several flowers 1
now find only 1 ovule in each cell, but it probubly varies.
>
A handsome ti'ee, common in the dense moist forest of the Anamallays (particularly in the Anagoondy shola) at an elevation ef about
2000 feet, also in Malabar (foot of the Nilgiris) ; it flowers early in April, and the fruit ripens in July, the succulent ari! in the latter is greedily
eaten by monkeys and birds ; it is the only species of the genus found in the Peninsula, one species occurs in the Himalayas and a third in jae
131
PL: CAI.
Covindog del: Dunphy. Lilie:
Litzaseime Heamadllageraine {lad
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AMOORA ROHITUKA. (Nat. ord. Meliacez.)
For Gen, Char. see under this genus in the Manual.
AMOORA ROHITUKA. (Roxb.) A small or middling sized tree, polygamous, trunk pretty straight, bark smooth
ash colored, leaves alternate unequally pinnate 1-2 feet long, leaflets 4-8 pair opposite obliquely oblong glabrous shortly pointed at
the apex 3-6 inches long by 2-22 broad, petiole less than 4 an inch long slightly pubescent when young at length glabrous
inflorescence axillary, panicled on the male tree, and spiked on the fertile. Male panicles axillary or alittle above the axils somewhat
drooping very large and much branched, but shorter than the leaves, flowers numerous, pedicels 2-3 lines long, calyx 5 parted
imbricate, petals 3 oval to orbicular concave imbricate, stamen-tube globular bluntly 3 lobed at the apex, anthers 6 sessile included,
or with the apices just appearing at the mouth of the tube attached by the centre of their back to the tube, a small rudiment of
an ovary hairy at the base and 3 lobed at the apex, fertile spikes } or a little more than half the length of the leaves, flowers as
in the male except that they contain a fertile ovary which is 8 celled with 2 ovules in each cell superposed and attached to the
middle of the axis, stigma subsessile 3 lobed, lobes emarginate, capsule round reddish 14 inches in diameter a little attenuated at the
base, 3 celled 3 valved opening from the apex, seed oblong with a brown testa enclosed completely in a fleshy scarlet aril.—Andersonia
Rohituka, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 213.
This tice is met with sparingly throughout the Western ghat forests of the Madras Presidency wp to 3500 feet elevation in Bengal
and in Ceylon (where it is called Hingoot), it is rather common in the Anamailays, an oil is extracted from ihe seed in Bengal. The specimen
Figured and the dissections are all from a male tree gathered in the Anamallay hills,
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AMOORA LAWII. (Nat. ord. Meliacez.)
Wor. Gen, Char. see letter press to Pl. cxxaii.
Amooga Lawit (Wight.) A middling sized tree, all the young parts and the inflorescence scaly with yellowish brown
leprous scales, leaves unequally pinnate generally about 8 inches each way, leaflets 2-3 opposite or alternate pair with a terminal odd one,
leaflets lanceolate acuminate about 4 inches long by 14 broad, petioles 2-3 lines long, panicles axillary much branched, calyx scaly more
ov less 4-toothed, petals 4, one of which is much narrower than the others, stamen-tube orbicular subentire or crenated at the apex,
anthers 8 rarely only 7, attached by the back near the base to an evident filameut which is adglutinate to the calyx tube and rises from
nearly its base, ovary scaly, 3-celled, cells 1 ovuled, ovules attached to the axis a little above the base, stigmas 3 sessile, fruit (immature)
pear-shaped size of a plum indehiscent ? abounding in white resinous juice.—Nimmonia Lawii, Wight. Cal. Journ. of Nat. His. vii. 13.
Nemedra Nimmonii, Dalz, in Bomb. Flora. p. 37.
A middling sized tree, Bombay and Canara ghat forests, and probab'y elsewhere on our western chain of ghats ; called Boorumb in
the Bombay Presidency.
133
PL: CAXXIIL,
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HEYNEA AFFINIS. (Nat. ord. Meliacex.)
HEYNEA. Roxb,—GEN. CHAR. Calys short, 4-5 cleft imbricate, petals 4-5 oblong erect imbricate, staminal-tube deeply 8-10 cleft, divisions
linear sharply 2-toothed at the apex and each bearing an anther between the teeth, anthers slightly exserted, disk fleshy annular, ovary immersed in the
disk depressed, 2-3 celled, style short thickened upwards and clubbed at the apex, stigma 2-3 toothed, cells of the ovary 2 ovuled, ovules pendulous
from near the apex of the axis, collateral. Capsule fleshy 1 celled 2 valved, 1 seeded, seed arillate, radicle superior. Trees or shrubs, glabrous or pubes-
cent, leaves unequally pinnate, leaflets opposite, panicles axillary long peduncled, corymbose, flowers small.
HAL&YNEA AFFINIS. (Juss.) A middling sized tree, glabrous, leaves unequally pinnate 12-20 inches long by 10-16
broad, leaflets 3-4 opposite pair with a terminal long peduncled odd leaflet, glabrous above, beneath white and glaucous, but also
glabrous except a few distant white hairs on the costa and over the surface (only visible with a lens), obliquely ovate to oblong very
unequal at the base and ending ina long terminal very sudden acumination, 4-8 inches long by 23-34 broad, the parallel primary veins
very prominent beneath, petioles from less than } to } inch long (terminal one 13 inches,) panicles axillary about grds the length of
the leaves, corymbosely branched at the apex of the long glabrous peduncle, branches minutely pubescent and furnished with minute
hairy bracteoles at the branchlets, flowers white about 2lines long, calyx corol andstaminal-tube pubescent, anthers yellow obtusely
apiculate. fruit oblong or roundish about 6 lines long by 5 broad bursting when ripe into 2 valves disclosing the solitary seed surround-
ed by its aril. Ad.de Juss. in Mem. Mus. 19. Heynea trijuga, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 390 1
A very ornamental tree, common in many localities on the western mountains of the Madras Presidency, frem 2000 feet upwards
(Conoor 6000 feet, abundant, Bolampatty valley 3000 feet, very abundant.)
134
PL: CXXIV.
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BEDDOMEA SIMPLICIFOLIA. (Nat. order Meliacez.)
BEDDOMEA. Hook. fil.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx 5-6 partite, lobes broadly ovate imbricate, petals as many orbicular, equal in size, or theins
terior smaller, much imbricate : stamen-tube short or globose, crenulate at the apex, anthers 5-6 sessile at the apex of the tube partially or almost wholly
exserted, connective very thick, cells narrow marginal at length confluent at the apex; ovary short hirsute more or less immersed in an inconspicuous disk
8.celled, cells 2 ovuled, ovules collateral attached to the axis at or a little above the middle, style short thick, stigma 3 lobed pyramidal, fruit coriaceous
oblong or ovate or subglobose often acute at the apex, more or less ribbed and densely covered with close-set scurfy and stellate tomentum, tardily dehiscent
2-3 celled but the partitions very thin and often obsolete, seeds 3-5 large more or less angled exarillate, cotyledons superposed, radicle centripetal. Trees or
shrubs with more or less scurfy pubescence, leaves simple trifoliate or pinnate, leaflets entire, opposite or alternate, flowers in axillary panicles or racemes
or solitary in the axils.
BrEDDOMEA SIMPLICIFOLIA. (Bedd.) A tree up to 3 feet in girth and 25 in height, young parts furnished with
scurfy scales, leaves from lanceolate to broadly elliptic more or less acute slightly scurfy when young, at length quite glabrous 3-6
inches long by 14-3} broad, veins parallel and prominent beneath, petioles 4-2 inch long much thickened at the apex (but not apparently
jointed,) flowers very variable in size from 14 to nearly 5 lines in diameter, panicles or racemes from much shorter than the leaves to
filiform and much longer or the flowers are occasionally solitary in the axils, pedicels 1-3 lines long, pubescence of the panicle and
calyx from densely rufo-tomentose to scurfy, flowers 5-6 merous, petals equal or subequal orbicular slightly scaly in the centre of the
back, stamen-tube in the paniculate and racemed flowers large globose crenated at the apex the inside sometimes furnisbed with pro-
minent corrugations, anthers with a very large thickened connective, attached by their back near the apex of the tube, and
partly exserted ; in the solitary flowers the staminal tube is smaller plane inside and the anthers cover the whole length of the tube the
apices being slightly exserted, ovaries of both flowers as in the genus and furnished with ovules, fruit oblong size of a pigeon’s egg
more or less acute, densely rusty-tomentose.
Vary: a. racemes much shorter than the leaves, flowers large 4-5 lines in diameter, rufo-tomentose.
Wynad, Tinnevelly hills and Travancore, 2-4000 feet.
Vary: B. parviflora, panicles very small not much longer than the petioles, flowers 1-2 lines in diameter, rufo-tomentose.
Annamallay hills and Pulney Hills, 3-4000 feet.
Vary: y. racemosa, racemes filiform longer than the leaves, pubescence scurfy.
Wynad, Coorg and South Canara,
It was only after a long acquaintance with all these forms in a growing state that I made up my mind to unite all the simple
leaved forms of Beddomea under one species. All the varieties occasionally have solitary axillary flowers which differ a little in their
anthers, but as the fruit is always solitary in the axils, it is probable that these are the only truly fertile flowers, though all the flowers
have ovules in the ovaries. Vary. y. resembles B. Indica in its racemes, but its staminal tube and anthers are the same as the other
varieties of this species. The species figured is vary. a. (from Travancore). Fig. 1 gives the front and back view of the petals. Fig. 2
front and side view of the anthers. Fig, 3 the staminal tube and anthers of the panicled and racemed flowers. Fig. 4 the stamen
tube of the solitary axillary flowers. At the top of the plateI have given dissections of the flowers of B. Indica (Hook. il.) vide
Manual, A. B. and C. are front, back and side view of one of the anthers.
The different varieties are all small trees and very common throughout the Western ghat forests from Canara down to Cape Comorin.
135
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CARAPA MOLUCCENSIS. (Nat. ord. Meliacez.)
CARAPA, 4ubl.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx small, 4or 5 lobed. Petals 4 or 5 free, imbricate in the bud. Staminal tube urceolate, crenate or lobed,
anthers 8 or 10, within the summit. Disk thick surrounding the ovary. Ovary 4 to 5-celled, with 2 to 6 ovules in each cell, style short, with a larze
disk-like stigma. Capsule globular or ovoid, fleshy or woody, the dissepiments often disappearing. Seeds several in a compact mass round the remains
of the central axis, large, thick, witha ventral hilum ; testa spongy ; cotyledons superposed often united ; radicle dorsal. Maritime (trees. Leaves pin-
nate with eutire leaflets, Panicles axillary.—Xylocarpus, Ken. ;—Benth. Fl, Aust. 1, p.386, Persoonia, Willd. Sp. Pt. ii. 331, Touloucouna and Racapa,
Rem Synops. 123.
CarapaA MoLuccENsIs. (Lam.) A tree glabrous in all its parts. Leaflets 4, rarely 2 or 6, opposite, ovate, obtuse,
shortly acuminate or rarely acute, 2 to 3 or rarely 4 inches long, somewhat coriaceous, reticulate. Panicles short, loose, and few
flowered, sometimes reduced to simple racemes or with few divaricate branches. Calyx small, irregularly lobed. Petals 4 or rarely 5,
21 to 3 lines long. Staminal tube crenate or splitting into short lobes. Ovary very small, in the centre of a large thick depressed
disk, Ovules 2, 3, or 4 in each cell, excessively minute. Fruit often 3 or 4 inches diameter, irregularly globular. Seeds"usually 4 to
6, large irregularly shaped, closely packed ; testa very thick, of a hard spongy consistence.—Xylocarpus granatum, Ken ;— Willd.
Spec. Pl. iit. 328 ;—Benth. Fl. Aust. 1. p. 387.
This tree is a native of the coast in Malabar, Ceylon and in the Sunderbunds, and is also found in Africa, Australia, Madagascar and
the Malay Archipelago ; in Tasmil tt is called Kandalanga, and in Ceylon Kadul. The drawing and dissections are communciated by Dr. Thwaites.
PL.ONXXVI.
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STROMBOSIA CEYLANICA,. (Nat. order Olacinez.)
STROMBOSIA. Blume.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx limb small, 5 lobed ; lobes broadly ovate or deltoid rotundate, in fruit enlarged, adnate. Petals
5, perigynous, valvate. Stamens as many asand opposite and adnate to the petals, filaments shortly free above, ovary broad, inserted upon a disk or
semi-immersed or altogether immersed, 3-5 celled nearly to the apex; style short; stigma obtuse, slightly thickened, obscurely lobulate ; ovules pendu-
lous, 1in each compartment. Fruit drupaceous. Seed pendulous with a minute embryo within the apex of a fleshy albumen. Glabrous trees. Leaves
alternate, coriaceous. Flowers small, in axillary cymes or fascicles, pedunculate or sessile—Sphoerocarya, Dalz. A. DC. Prod. xiv. 629. Lavallea, Baill.
Stromposia CEYLANICA. (Gardn,) A large tree, leaves ovate oblong glabrous acute at the apex paler beneath, about 5
inches long by 2 broad, petioles about } an inch long, flowers subsessile glomerate on very short scaly nodes which are axillary or on
the branches between the leaves, flowers 1-13 lines long, calyx lobes rounded very small about 4 the length of the petals, stigma 4 lobed
ovary 4 celled, fruit (immature) pyriform scaly. Gard. in Cale, Journ, of Nat. Hist. vol. vi. p. 350. Sphoerocarya leprosa, Dalz.
Hook. Jour. of Bot. iii. 34 and Bombay Flora, p. 223. §. Javanica, Thw, En. Pl. Zeyh, (not Blume.)
Ceylon, Canara ghats, a large timber tree, the wood is white and durable, the drawing and dissections are taken from a Ceylon
specimen. Fig. 1. and 2 of the ripe fruit ave copied from Blume's figure of S. Javanica, a closely allied species, which differs in its pedunculate
inflorescence. I have only a poor specimen of the Canara tree, + appears to be the same, but the style is longer and the stigma entire or 2 lobed.
137
PL: CXXXVIL.
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ANACOLOSA DENSIFLORA. (Nat. order Olacinez.)
ANACOLOSA. BlL—GEN. CHAR. Calyx small cyathiform truncate denticulate free, unchanged in fruit, disk hypogynous adnate to the
ovary increasing in fruit, petals 6 inserted into the margin of the disk, valvate, concave at the base where they embrace the anthers, hairy above, stamens
6 inserted at the base of the petals and opposite to them, anthers ovate, ovary immersed in the disk 1-3 celled generally imperfectly partitioned, style
entire or 3 toothed, ovules 2-3 pendulous from nearly the apex of the axis, drupe baccate 1 seeded with a riuged margin near the apex of the adnate disk,
putamen crustaceous, embryo small in the apex of fleshy albumen, radicle superior, leaves alternate entire coriaceous, flowers congested in the axils
pedicellate.
ANACOLOSA DENSIFLORA. (Bedd.) A lofty tree, branches terete, leaves glabrous shining oblong, obtusely acuminate,
rounded at the base, 4-5 inches long by 13-2 broad, petiole 4 inch long, flowers 7-20 fascicled in the axils, pedicels about 3 lines long,
flowers 3 lines long, pale yellowish very fragrant, calyx with 4-6 minute teeth, petals very hairy within, filaments glabrous, ovary
2-3 celled, style 3 fid. Bedd. Linn, Trans. vol. xxv. p. 211.
This is a very lofty timber tree which I have only met with in the Anamallays, moist forests at 2000 feet elevation (Anagoordi skola, }
it flowers in November and December, when the boughs are a perfect mass of very fragrant flowers. :
138
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LASIANTHERA APICAULIS. (Nat. order Olacinez.)
LASIANTHERA, P. de Beauvois.—GEN. CHAR. Flowers hermaphrodite (or polygamous.) Calyx shortly and broadly 5 lobed. Petals 5
liypogynous, valvate in wstivation. Disk fleshy, unilateral or inconspicuous. Strmens 5, alternate with the petals, free or adnate at the base to the
petals ; anthers tufted behind with a pencil of soft hairs. Ovary free, 1 celled, narrowed above; stigma minute. Ovules geminate, pendulous. Fruit
coriaceous, oblong. Seed pendulous, with a small embryo within the apex of a fleshy aloumen. Glabrous trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate entire. Flowers
small, capitate; peduncles umbellate, leaf opposed.—Stemonurus, Blume Bijdr. ex parte. Urandra, Thw. in Hook, Kew Jour, of Bot. vol. vii. p. 211.
LASIANTHERA APICAULIS. (Thw.) A very large tree, branches terete glabrous, leaves entire very coriaceous, oblong
or obovato-oblong abruptly shortly-acuminate ; narrowed at the base paler beneath 4-6 inches long. by 2-3 inches broad, petioles 5-8
lines long, peduncles axillary solitary or twice shorter than or about the length of the petiole, capitula 7-12 flowered, flowers herma-
throdite, petals greenish, purple towards the base about 2 lines long, drupe oblong sub acute 1} inches long more than $ an inch
broad greenish purple, putamen woody with several longitudinal cavities filled with soft cellular matter externally fasciculate fibrous,
testa consolidated with the perlcarp. Zhw. Hn. Pl, Zey. p. 43 and 405.
Ceylon in damp forests 1000 to 3000 feet elevation, callad Urukanu ; the dissections are communicated by Dr. Thwaites.
139
| PL: CXNKIX,
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APODYTES BENTHAMIANA. (Nat. order Olacinez.)
APODYTES. £. Meyer.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx small 5 toothed or partite, petals 5 hypogynous free valvate glabrous or subglabrous, stamens
as many as and alternate with the petals free or very shortly adherent to their base, anthers linear to lanceolate oblong or sagittate, ovary 1-celled, style
filiform more or less oblique, stigma small, ovules 2 pendulous sub-superposed, drupe baccate obliquely ellipsoidal or rounded sometimes bearing on one
side a fleshy appendage, nut crustaceous or woody, seed ] pendulous, with a small embryo near the apex of the fleshy albumen. Trees or shrubs, leayes
entire alternate penniveined, flowers in terminal panicles or axillary fascicles. —Raphiostyles, Planch? Nothapodytes, Blume. Mus. Bot. 1. 248.
ApopyTEs BENTHAMIANA. (Wight.) A middling sized tree young parts minutely aureo-pubescent, branches terete
glabrous, leaves alternate coriaceous glabrous (turning quite black in drying) oblong elliptic obtuse at both ends 3}-4 inches long by
14 broad, petiole 3-1} inches long, panicles terminal contracted rigid shorter than the leaves slightly pubescent, bractes minute or
wanting, flowers white 3 lines long, calyx minute 5 toothed slightly pubescent as is the pedicel, petals elliptic inflexed at the point,
stamens the length of the petals, anthers pubescent on the front face and sides, basifixed linear obtuse, deeply sagittate at the base,
ovary glabrous ovate, style lateral straight, stigma inconspicuous truncated, drupe semi-ovate reniform crowned with the persistent
base of the style and furnished with a lateral scutelliform appendage. Wight Icones tab. 1153. A. Gardneriana, Muers. Ann. and Mag.
of Nat. Hist. series 2, vol. ix. p. 389.
Vary: a. Leaves coriaceous obtuse at the apex, panicles short rigid.
Vary: 8. Leaves membranaceous, broader than in var. a. witha long narrow acumination at the apex terminating in a sharp
or obtuse point, panicles lax and much larger than in variety a.
Variety o.—Nilgiris, Anamallays, Travancore, Tinnevelly hills and Ceylon, elevation 5000-7500 feet. Vary @. northern
slopes of the Nilgiris, Travancore (Myhendra coffee estates,) elevation 3,000 feet. The 2 varieties havea very different appearance, and
T long thought them distinct, but a careful analysis of the flowers shows no difference, and variety 8. may I think be safely considered
only a lower level more membranaceous form, it is a much handsomer tree than the variety found at higher elevations. The figure is
taken from living specimens of var. a gathered on the Nilgiris.
140
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MAPPIA FQITIDA. (Nat ord. Olacinez.)
MAPPIA, Jacqg.—GEN. CHAR. Flowers polygamous, calyx small 5 toothed, petals 5 hypogynous valvate villous, stamens 5 hypogynous
alternate with the petals, authers oblong affixed by the back connective often mucronate, disk cupulate surrounding the ovary or sometimes inconspicuous,
ovary 1 celled, style short, stigma thick, ovules 2 pendulous, drupe slightly fleshy with a 1 seeded crustaceous or woody nut, seed pendulous, embryo in the
apex of the albumen, radicle superior, cotyledons broad foliaceous. Trees pubescent or glabrous, leaves alternate entire or sinuate, cymes lax terminal corym-
bose.—Leretia, Vell, Stemonurus, Wight (not Blume).
Mappia F@TIDA. (Wight.) A good sized tree polygamous, leaves elliptic oblong acuminate, pubescent beneath 4-7
inches long by about 2-3 broad, petioles }-3 inch long, flowers 3-4 lines in expansion yellowish very fetid, in corymbose terminal pani-
cles, everywhere villous with short hairs, stamens glabrous, style about as long as the ovary, drupe succulent olive-like purple, nut thin.
Wight Icones, 955. Mappia foetiala, ovata, Gardneriana, et Championiana, Miers, Ann. & Mag. of Nat. Hist. Ser. 2 Vol. ix. 395-7.
A very common tree in the moist forests of the western side of the Madras Presidency and in Ceylon from no great elevation up to
7-8000- feet, it is very abundant on the Nilgiris. In Ceylon it is called Gandapaana, the figure is taken from living specimens gathered ai
Ootacamun d.
141
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ILEX DENTICULATA. (Nat. ord. Ilicinez.)
ILEX. Zinn.—GEN. CHAR. Flowers unisexual or hermathrodite, calyx small persistent 4-6 cleft, petals 4-6 connate at the base into a
rotate corol hypogynous imbricate, stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them and inserted on the corol, anthers oblong, ovary sessile sub glubose
4.6 (rarely 7-8) ceiled, style none or short thick, rarely elongate, stigmas as many as the ovary cells, distinct or combined, ovules 2-2 in each cell collateral,
drupe globose, putamen 4-5 celled, or with 4-8 long or crustaceous pyrenes. Trees or shrubs, leaves alternate yenerally shining entire or toothed or spinose,
inflorescence axillary.—Pseudehretia, Fuca.
ILEX DENTICULATA. (Wall.) A very large tree glabrous or the young parts minutely puberulous, leaves very
coriaceous glabrous and rather shining above, paler beneath ovate to oblong, acute-acuminate or obtuse at the apex serrated, 24 to
34 inches long by 1-1? broad, petioles 4 to 4 aninch long chaunelled above, peduncles axillary very short, pedicels numerous minutely
puberulous 3-4 lines long simple or again bearing 3 pedicels, flowers tetramerous, petals only connate at their very base at least in the
male flowers (I have no fertile flowers for dissection), stamens inserted at the very base of the corol on to the connate portion between
_ the petals. Wight Ill. tab. 142.
t
This large timber tree is not uncommon on the higher ranges of the Nilgiris and Anamallays at 6000 8000 feet, and at similar eleva.
tions in Ceylon, its timber is much valued and is said not to warp or crack, it rs at once distinguished from the other species by zts serrated
leaves and 4 merous flowers.
Pe CM
1A
ILEX MALABARICA., (Nat. order Ilicinez.)
For Gen. Char. see Pl. exlii,
Tnex MALABARICA. (Bedd.) A large tree glabrous or the young parts minutely puberulous (under the lens) leaves
narrow Oblongo elliptic slightly attenuated at both ends acute or acuminate at the apex quite entire dark shining green above very pale
beneath, 4-54 inches long by 1-14 broad, petioles 3-4 lines long channelled above, peduncles axillary very short or almost obsolete,
pedicels 3-8 rarely only 1 simple 3-4 lines long slightly pubescent, flowers hexamerous, calyx slightly pubescent, petals connate to near-
ly 4 their length, ovary minutely puberulous with a large obsoletely 6 lobed stigma, 6 celled, cells 1 ovuled, ovules pendulous from
nearly the apex, drupe size of a pea.
This species is at once distinguished from the others by its 6 merous flow2rs, the lerves and inflorescence are also diferent. I have only
observed this tree in the Wynad, elevation 3,000 feet (but it probably occurs elsewhere in our western forests) ; it is abundant at Benni between
Mudumallay and Sultan's Buttery, vt flowers in January and February and probably more or less all the year as the other species do.
143
PL:CXLIN
Dureyfey, Lelhe:
EUONYMUS CRENULATUS. (Nat. ord. Celastrinez.)
EVONYMUS. Linn.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx 4-6-fid, divisions patent or recurved, petals as many inserted below the disk patent entire tooth-
ed or fimbriate, stamens the same number inserted on the disk, filaments generally very short, anthers broad didymous, disk fleshy ample 4-5-lobed, ovary
immersed in the disk and confluent with it, 3-5 celled, styles short, stigma 3-5 lobed, ovules 2 (rarely 4 or many) in each cell, capsule 3-5 celled with the
same number of lobes or angles and opening loculicidally in as many valves, cells 1-2 seeded, seeds nearly enclosed in a colored usually scarlet arillus, testa
chartaceous, albumen fleshy, embryo orthotropal, cotyledons foliaceous, radicle inferior. Trees or shrubs, with opposite leaves, flowers dull reddish or
greenish in axillary dichotomous or trichotomous cymes.—Melanocorya, Turcz. Vyenomus, Prest. Walp. Ann. 1. 188.
EVONYMUS CRENULATUS. (Wall.) A small tree, leaves elliptic obtuse crenulate-serrate towards the apex, coriace-
ous deep shining green above, 2-24 inches long by 1-1} broad, petioles about 3 lines long, peduncles solitary shorter than the leaves
once or twice dichotomous few flowered, flowers 5 or occasionally 6-merous, petals orbicular, stamens very short, anthers opening trans-
versely, margin of the torus free, style very short, stigma blunt somewhat umbilicated, -capsule turbinate 5 celled, lobed at the apex,
seed with a small aril. WA. Prod, p. 161.
A small tree common on the Nilgiris, Pulneys and higher parts of Western ghats of the Madras Presidency, the wood is white, very
hard and close grained, and answers for wood engraving, and is about the best substitute for Boxwood in this Presidency ; the wood of the other
species is very similar.
L44
a
(i
Cncrif Mella
(Wells
Cucseilict tte,
a Ath
LOPHOPETALUM WIGHTIANUM. (Nat. order Celastrinez.)
LOPHOPETALUM. Wight.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx scutelliform with a very broad flat spreading base, lobes 5 very short rounded soon
obsolete, petals 5 (rarely 4) orbicular, continuous with the disk, either furnished at the base with a membranaceous corrugated crest and covered near the
base with the projecting lobes of the disk, or rarely naked, and alternate with the lobes of the disk, disk 5-lobed thick fleshy covering the whole cavity of
the calyx, the lobes adnate to the base of the petals, stamens 5 (rarely 4) inserted on to the disk, filaments subulate short, anthers versatile oblong ; ovary
small continuous with the disk and sometimes immersed in it, 3 (rarely 4) celled contracted into a short style, stigma capitate, ovules numerous in a double
row in each cell, capsule coriaceous 3 (rarely 4) angled, 3 (rarely 4) celled dehiscing loculicidally, seed few or many, often winged, arillate, albumen fleshy.
Trees or shrubs glabrous, leaves opposite or alternate, exstipulate coriaceous entire or serrulate, cymes axillary and terminal, flowers often large.
LopHOPETALUM WIGHTIANUM. (Arnt.) A large tree, leaves elliptic oblong obtuse or slightly acute rounded
or subcordate at the base, entire coriaceous glabrous on both sides, 5-9 inches long by 2-4 broad, petioles about 4 inch long,
cymes axillary and terminal shorter or nearly as long as the leaves, flowers 5-merous dull-reddish, 7-9 lines in diameter, calyx lobes very
short and broad in bud, nearly or quite obsolete in expansion, petals with a membranaceous corrugated crest, ovary continuous with
the disk but not immersed, fruit sharply triangular 3-celled, 3-4 inches long, seeds numerous imbricate compressed winged. Wight
Icones tab. 162.
\
This tree inhabits the Western ghats of the Madras Presidency from Canara down to Cape Comerin, and is also found on the Bombay
ghats ; it grows to a very large size and isa very handsome tree. The drawing is taken from specimens collected in the moist forests in the plains of
South Canara (at Parapa), but it also ascends the ghats to an elevation of 3000 feet ; it is called Balpale in S. Canara, and rts timber is mach
esteemed by the natives. ee
Analysis.
A young bud.
The same, more advanced.
A flower, front view.
The same, back view.
Anthers, front and back view.
Ovary cut vertically.
The same cut horizontally,
A very young fruit cut open, petals and stamens still persistent.
A winged seed (very immature, )
oe PMI aap ep o
PL. GXLV.
KOKOONA ZEYLANICA. (Nat. order Celastrines.)
KoKOONA. 7hw.—GEN. CHAR, Calyx small 5 lobed, petals 5 coriaceous, contorted in sestivation, glanduloso-punctate, stamens 5 inserted near
the margin of the disk, filaments thick, subulate, anthers oblong, disk thick, glandular obscurely angled, ovary semi-immersed in the disk 3-celled, styles short
thick, stigma 3-lobed, ovary-cells 4-12 ovuled, ovules in 2series adnate to the axis, ascending, capsule rather woody oblong trigonal, 3-celled 3-valved dehiscing
loculicidally, seeds imbricate furnished with along wing, cotyledons plane, embryo exalbuminous. Large ramous glabrous trees, leaves opposite petioled
coriaceous, cymes axillary paniculate, flowers small, Ziw. in Hook. Kew Journ. vy. p. 379. Trigonocarpus, Wall, Oat. 6250,
KoKoona ZEYLANICA. (Thw.) A large tree, leaves obovate or retuse narrowed towards the petiole obscurely and
remotely crenulate, glabrous, minutely punctate beneath, 2-4 inches long by 14-1} broad, capsule about 4 inches long, seeds 3} inches
long of which the wing is 23. Thw.l. c. and Ln. Pl. Zey. p. 52.
A large tree peculiar to Ceylon, not uncommon on banks of streams in the Sufragram and Ambagamowa districts at an elevation of
2000-4000 feet, called by the Singhalese Kokoon; the inner yellow bark is employed medicinally and an oil is expressed from the seeds, which is
used in lamps, A second species of this genus inhabits Borneo. The analysis inthe drawing is from the pencil of Di. Thavantes.
, J
1, Oyules, 2, Young seeds. 3, Full grown seed, life-size, fe: La es
) ; ' 4
z 6 £ / te CF ONA :
LO. tth CA” For ; C)
/ i J =
; / la ww 1A j =
‘ , b 1 t i! oe"
be, & (Oe 4
146
PL-GYLY
hz).
Bank
Aho
mye i
WENT Tie yai Rs
“a 2 i
y
ih aoa Balk YH
! qj
WAY aN: Ns
Wh a pete ab CACO EGE agen
Boa. Aug Sie UNG NGAND), cis ANAM!
EPR ONY HOD HAAN MES) BENE oS GH MCHA
KURRIMIA CEYLANICA. (Nat. order Celastrinez.)
KURRIMIA. Wall, —GEN. CHAR. Calyx 5-fid, petals 5 inserted under the margin of the disk patent and recurved. Stamens 5 inserted
with the petals, filaments short subulate, anthers didymous, disk fleshy 5-lobed, ovary globose free glabrous except at the apex where itis very hairy, 2-celled,
cells 2-ovuled, styles 2 filiform, stigmas small capitate, ovules erect from the base of the cells, capsule 1-2 celled coriaceous indehiscent, or at length 2-valvec,
1-2 seeded, partition membranaceous, seed linear-oblong erect nearly quite euclosed in a fleshy aril, testa coriaceous shining smooth, albumen copious fleshy,
embryo axil much compressed, cotyledons linear-oblong, radicle elongate inferior. ‘Trees glabrous, the apices of the branchlets enclosed in stipules which
are soon deciduous, leaves alternate towards the apex of the branches, petioled coriaceous entire shining penniveined with transverse striated veinlets,
racemes axillary simple or panicled, flowers small yellowish, aril white or reddish. Wall, Cat. 4334;—Benth. and Hook. Gen. Pl. 1 p. 365. Bhesa, Hai.
in Hd. Phil. Journ. xvi. 315, ex parte. Pyrospermum, Mig.
This genus differs from Trochisandra in its free stamens and in the shape of its capsules.
KurrimiA CEYLANICA. (Arnt.) A large tree, branches terete glabrous their apices acute and encircled with the
large stipules which are soon deciduous, leaves ovate acute glabrous and shining 3-6 inches long by 4-3 inches broad, petiole 4-14
inches long, panicles elongate longer than the leaves or contracted and shorter than them, flowers small pale-greenish, capsule oblong or
rotundate, fleshy coriaceous ? inch long reddish, seed oblong, aril white, testa membranaceous brown. Arnt. Pug. X. 328 ;—
Thw. Hn. Pl. Zey. p. 72.
A large tree, peculiar to Ceylon, from the plains up to 5000 feet elevation ; the higher level form has shorter panicles and larger flowers.
The tree is known by the names Palang, Hoorakandu and Alareya. The plant figuredis from no elevation ; the dissections of the fruit, figs. 1 to 4,
are from the pencil of Dr. Thwaites,
147
ie
ks
SERB
Ae
ef
. . 4 iy .
AMM hibit” Cegliniiz/ Sune yA
PL: CXLVIL.
Ss
De UiccerReeh antsy
Jb lohan)
‘ MRE gy AE 1) bey f A Hi ih ardent eAthena
he Re SEE fe t . } 4) rE Bes : PISUA REE le Auraecibaand Aig 1 je oat fui 3 beisayil alent f
mea Cet jis) ) Cree th eh TG FLA! ih { VEY Eo bog : ied nelane qatg Ae
Thakraay Vemurerha 4 i
Bae haat)
ME ACME ANY
ae eee
ed Tie hc
an é
Be eis ae
| (ed Sa chs
NL:
HANA LL iy ih i)
Ray BA SD ayy INARA ih ce net POMC AY AFAR aay ti : \ Wooten:
yas RUAN th
A a eet hinds SKS ANNAN RAND Shae 4“ Rip iiaag srne's ey 46 ; Aen BS
ae we envy y
1 Oa.
(eh (x a
eh ecu ope ae mone U4 Ae aA gS Bi ro ae i «conta f ¥ } wee es OF
i peheens NS MDNR SS ae 4 4 Ge Lode
oe OIE
Pane
De Nih oe x2!
ELAHODENDRON ROXBURGHII. (Nat. order Celastrinex.)
ELODENDRON. Jacq. fil. —GEN. CHAR, Flowers polygamous or hermathrodite, calyx 4 or 5 (rarely 3) cleft, petals as many as the calyx
segments spreading, disk thick fleshy angled, stamens as many as the petals inserted under the edge of the disk, filaments subulate, anthers nearly globular
dehiscing longitudinally, ovary more or less deeply immersed or confluent with the disk 2-3 (rarely 4-5) celled, style very short, ovules 2 in each cell, drupe
dry or succulent, the putamen 1-3 celled, cells 1-2-seeded, arillus none, testa membranaceous or spongy, albumen scanty or copious, cotyledons flat. Trees
or shrubs, usually quite glabrous, leaves coriaceous opposite or alternate entire or crenate, flowers small yellowish greenish or white in axillary cymes or
umbels,—Neerija, Roxb, Schrebera, Retz. Rubentia, Commers. Portenschlagia, Trattinick, Crocoxylon and Mystroxylon, Hck,
ELaopenpron RoxspurGHul. (WA.) A tree often of great size, leaves opposite and alternate elliptical to
ovate or even subrotundate, generally bluntly crenated sometimes sharply serrated, very coriaceous, glabrous and shining above, 3-44
inches long by 14-24 broad, petioles } to 1 inch long, cymes aziliary often lax with or without a solitary caducous flower in the forks ;
from 4rd as long to nearly as long as the leaves, flowers yellowish or green 4-5-merous, ovary 2-celled, drupe obovoid with a 1-celled
putamen. JV A. Prod. p.157. Neerija dichotoma, Roxb. Fl. Ind, 1, p. 647. Elzodendron paniculatum, WA. Prod. p, 157.
This tree is found throughout this Presidency and in Bombay and Bengal, itis most variable as to size, and in the size, shape and
margin of the leaves, In the dry Seegoor forests about the foot of the Nilgiris it is sound of tmmense girth, and in the moist forests of the
Anamallays at 2000 feet elevation it is a very large tree, again in the Coimbatore plains it is met with as only a shiub with sharply serrated
leaves (but differing in no other way) ; the tree is calied Karkava and Irkuliin Tamil, Nivijaand Nerddi in Teligu, ond Tamrooj on the Bombay
ghats ; the wood is not very strong or stiff, but is tough, close and even grained, und the surfuce bewutifully curled and flowered and of a reddish
brown color, and suited for cabinet work ; it is used by the natives for the manufacture of combs, &c., and is suited for picture frames, ke. ; &
cubic foot wnseasoned weighs 60-65 lbs., and 46 lbs. when seasoned, and its specific gravity is ‘736 ; the root and bark are used medicinally by the
natives.
Analysis. neha
\
A bud. YiAk vy | 7) : — ft
Pentamerous flowers, front and back view. 7 a f
Anthers.
Ovary cut vertically. :
i)
ee
SORIA T pwr
A 4-merous flower.
Ovary cut horizontally.
A fruit.
The same cut vertically.
The same cut horizontally,
ry
148
PL: CXLVIIL
Lang.
ore
ZAIZYPHUS JUJUBA. (Nat. order Rhamnez.)
ZIZYPHUS. Juss.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx 5-lobed, spreading. Petals hood-shaped or rarely none. Stamens 5 included in the petals or scarcely
exceeding them when present, disk flat, filling the short calyx-tube, ovary immersed in the disk, 2, rarely 3 or 4 celled, style shortly branched or styles
distinct, stigmas small, drupe ovoid or globular, putamen woody or bony, 1 to 4 celled, 1 to 4 seeded, seeds with a smooth fragile testa, albumen none
or scanty, cotyledons thick. Trees or shrubs, usually armed with stipular prickles, leaves alternate, 3 or 5 nerved, often distichous and very oblique, flowers
small, greenish, in axillary cymes, fruit often edible.
ZizyeHuS JUJUBA. (Lam.) Generally a middling sized tree with skort stipulary solitary or twin prickles which
are sometimes wanting, leaves ovate or nearly orbicular acute or obtuse entire or toothed 3-nerved glabrous or subglabrous above,
covered beneath (as well as the petioles and branchlets) with a close white oF rusty tomentum, 1-3 incheslong. Cymes small compact
and very short, ovary 2-celled tapering into a short 2-lobed style, drupe globular usually about 4 to ? inch in diameter, 2 (or by
abortion) l-celled. Zam. Huc. Meth. 3 p. 318.
This is the well known Ber tree, very common, both wild and cultivated throughout this Presidency, and extending all over tropical Asia,
Africa and Australia ; it is called Ber in Hindostanee, Rengha in Telugu, and Yellande in Tamil, and Hyee bin in Birmah ; the wood is strong
and much in us2 for many purposes, particularly for saddle-trees and sandals, and is adapted for cabinet and ornamental work, and makes good
charcoal; it is close and even grained, hard and durable, when fresh cut of a yellowish-red coler, turning toreddish-broun ; a cubic foot unseason-
ed weighs 72-75 lbs, and seasoned 58 lbs., and it has aspecifie gravity of ‘928. The drawiny is taken from a wild specimen ; the extreme forms of the
wild and cultivated tree differ considerably, bu! they run one vato another and could not be separated even as varieties ; the fruit of the cultivated
tree is much larger than the wild, and is often eaten, being sweet and mealy, and some varieties are said to be delicious ; the bark is employed by
tanners, and a kind of kino is produce’ from itt, which, together with the bark, root, seeds and leaves, is tir use medicinally with the natives. The
tree is most abundant in the plains, but in rare cass ascends to an elevation of about 4000 feet ; cultivated trees have been known to reach a gu'th
of about 10 feet; a lac used for dyeing is found in the rains on a variety in the Punjab.
PL: GXLIX.
Luzphy Lede’ 4
boverrdloo,det;)
eg
frosty
Len | A>
rei
AT
ANT
ih
Ma
Deis
egit
”
DYSOXYLUM MACROCARUPM. (Nat. order Meliaces.)
This tree has been fully described in the Manual at page Ivi.
The drawing has been received from Dr. Thwaites and is from a Ceylon specimen.
a
oy aie > aa
are ad ‘
m
spiel ae
PUES: gotta !%
Cte Wiens Teen uth
PuUsGeH
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iy)
CN RRs hdd talk
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(3S ee
HEMIGYROSA CANESCENS. (Nat. order Sapindacez.)
HEMIGYROSA. Blume.—GEN. CHAR. Flowers polygamo-monecious irregular, sepals 5 unequal erect concave, 2 exterior smaller, broadly
imbricate, petals 4-5, the fifth sometimes wanting or small each furnished with a scale above the long villous claw; disk unilateral, stamens 8 in the male,
6-8 in the hermathrodite unequal unilateral (at least in the male), filaments pilose, anthers scarcely exserted, ovary excentric 3-angled or sub-entire 3-
celled, style short or elongate, stigma 3-angled or sub2atire obtuse, ovules solitary in the cells fixed to the axis about the middle, fruit indehiscent
coriaceous fleshy or woody 3-angled or spherical, velvetty or tomentose 3-celled, cells hirsute within, seed oblong exarillate, testa coriaceous, cotyledons
fleshy equal. Trees, leaves alternate exstipulate abruptly or unequally-pinuate, flowers in canescent racemes.
HEMIGYROSA CANESCENS. (Roxd.) A good sized tree, trunk of considerable girth but not straight, bark ash
colored, slightly scabrous, branches numerous spreading, leaves alternate abruptly and unequally pinnate 6-10 inches long, leaflets
occasionally only 1 pair or ternate, generally 2 pairs with or without a terminal odd one, the terminal pair opposite, the lower pair
opposite, subopposite or alternate, lanceolate to oblong entire glabrous slightly coriaceous, 3-6 inches long by 14-24 broad, petiolules
2-3 lines long slightly fuscous, racemes numerous axillary or scattered over the branchlets, simple or branched at the base, minutely
tomentose, bracteoles minute triangular shorter than the pedicels, flowers small white fascicled, in the male the stamens are always 8 and
all unilateral and the petals only 4, the adnate scales being larger than in the fertile flowers, in the fertile flower the disk is unilateral»
the stamens 6-8 arranged irregularly all round the ovary, petals 5 all equal in size and each furnished with a bifid scale, or the Sth
scaleless, or entirely absent or small, fruit subspherical or 3-angled tomentose often 1-seeded by abortion.—Molinza canescens, Hoxbs
Fil. Ind, ii. 243. Cupania canescens, WA. Prod. p. 118. Sapindus tetraphyllus, DC. Prod. 1. 608.
A common tree in jungles on the eastern side of the Madras Presidency, Salem, Cuddapah, Mysore, &c., also found in Bombay and -
Ceylon ; it does not ascend the mountains much above 3000 feet ; the woo tis whitish and is occasion uly used by the natives for building purposes ;
it is called Koriot in Teligoo, Nekota in Tamil, and Kurpa in the Bombay Presideney ; inmost of the fertile flowers (from fresh specimens) that
I dissected, 1 found 5 equal petals, one of the 5 often being scaleless, and the stamens as often 6 as 8, I could not find more than 4 petals in ary
of the male flowers ; the flowers are probably subject to great variation (as is often the case with polygamous flowers), some being intermesdzate be-
tween the male and hermathrodite, éc, and an analysis from other individuals might show considerable difference. (Vide remarks in the Manual
under Hemigyrosa trichocarpa. )
*
PLsGEe
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4
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yet eh ALAN DRLECE ENG why crpey OW ; ae agains
pet Beye in chieWeirco Wedhit. 2 ; ‘ ‘ : 4 ;
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Tit, BINGE acl) i
SCHMIDELIA HISPIDA. (Nat. order Sapindacez.)
SCHMIDELIA. Zinn.—GEN. CHAR. Flowers polygamo-discious, sepals 4 in two opposite pairs membranous, cucullate, broadly imbricated,
the two outer ones smaller than the others, petals 4, small or absent, glabrous or villose internally. Disk unilateral, entire or lobed or with a gland opposite
each petal, stamens excentric or subcentric, included or shortly exserted, ovary excentric, single and 1-celled or didymous and 2-celled, rarely 3-lobed and
3-celled, style robust, divided sometimes to the base into 2 or 3 lobes, ovules solitary in the cells, ascending from the base, cocciof the fruit one or
two, turbinate or subglobose, dry and coriaceous or fleshy, seeds erect, with a short fleshy arillus, embryo curved, the cotyledons conduplicate. Trees
or shrubs.—Ornitrophe, Juss. Allophyllus, Zinn. <Aporetica, Forsé,
SCHMIDELIA HISPIDA. (Thw.) A small tree branches hispid, leaves simple 5-14 inches long by 2-5 inches broad,
lanceolate acuminate rounded at the base or slightly narrowed, glabrous but hispid at the margin and on the costa and primary veins
on both sides, petiole #-2 inches long, racemes very short, flowers crowded, petals unguiculate, scales furnished with long villous hairs.
Thw. Hm Pl. Zey. p. 55.
A snall tree, moist forests in Ceylon, at an elevation of 1000-2000 feet. The drawing and analysis are from Dr. Thwaztes.
152
LS ae
PL: CLIT.
)
if
2
~ 2p
GLENNIEA ZEYLANICA. (Nat. order Sapindaceze. )
GLENNIEA. Hook. fl.—GEN. CHAR, Flowers regular polygamous, calyx 5-lobed, lobes acute valvate, petals very minute broader than
long shortly unguiculate concave villous, disk complete expanded fleshy glabrous lobed, stamens 8-10 inserted regularly round the ovary, filaments
short subulate, anthers short didymous, oyary ovoid, puberulous 3 celled, attenuated into a very short conical style, stigmas 3 shortly 2-lobed, ovules
solitary in the cells, fruit obscurely lobed, 3-celled 3 seeded (or by abortion 1-2-celled 1-2-seeded), seed subglobose, aril 0. A large tree, leaves alternate,
pinnate, leaflets 1-2 pair, racemes simple or branched, leaf opposed, flowers small pubescent.
GLENNIEA ZEYLANICA. (Hook. fil.) A large tree, leaves (turning black in drying) alternate pinnate, petioles terete
tumid at the base, leaflets 1-2 pair with or without a terminal odd one, glabrous lanceolate reticulate obtusely acuminate, 3-5 inches
long by 14-2 inches broad, petiolules tumid 2-3 lines long, racemes simple or branched subterminal, leaf-opposed, minutely pilose,
fruit 3-14 inches in diameter, subgiobose and obscurely lobed. Hook, fil. Gen. Pl. 1 p. 404. Sapindus unijugus, Thw. Hn. Pl.
Zey. p- 56, and Nephelium fuscatum, p. 57, Glenniea, p. 408.
A large tree, Ceylon, Trincomalee, and on the mountains up lo 4000 feet elevation ; the drawing of the branch is from Dr. Thwastes 5
the analysis is taken from dried flowers,
PL: CLIN.
Dunrza;e, Fille:
GA, fll,
ey
Zz
i
Lies
He
2,
A
CELL
4
a
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Ylanen Y
. }
ADD TT RT an Ve
SIO} SSO
Wie
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ee ieee
meee tt,
SAPINDUS EMARGINATUS. (Nat. order Sapindacez.)
SAPINDUS. Zinn—GEN. CHAR. Flowers polygamous, regular, sepals 4-5, biseriate, broadly imbricated, petals 4-5, scaleless or furnished
with 1 or 2scales above the claw, disk complete, annular, stamens usually 8-10, centrical, the filaments usually pilose, anthers versatile, ovary entire
or 2-4 lobed 2-4 celled, style termina), stigma 2-4 lobed, ovules solitary in the cells, ascending from the interior angle at the base, fruit fleshy or
coriaceous, usually with 1-2 cocci, which are oblong or globose, and indehiscent. Seeds usually globose, exarillate, with a crustaceous or membranous
testa. Embryo straight or curved, the cotyledons thick, the radicle incurved. Trees.~-Aphania, Blume. Dydimococeus, Blume.
SAPINDUS EMARGINATUS. (Vahl.) A middling sized tree with a short trunk and a very large dense spreading
head and a deep green foliage, leaves alternate abruptly pinnate 6-8 inches long, petiole terete pubescent on the upper side, leaflets
2-3 opposite or subopposite pair, oblong entire with a rounded emarginate apex, prominently reticulated particularly beneath, shining
above and glabrous on both sides or downy beneath, 4-5 inches long by 14-2 broad, petiolules 2-3 lines long slightly pubescent,
panicles terminal much branched, flowers small whitish inodorous, bractes small caducous, sepals and petals 5 the latter hairy on the
outside and furnished with 2 inflected woolly scales about the middle, or the scales are absent and the hairs only present, filaments 8,
alternately a little shorter in the male flowers, fruit with 3 rarely 4 cocci, smooth at first but wrinkled in age, seeds darkcolored size
of alarge pea and very hard. Roxb. Fl. Ind, ii. 279 ;—Vahl. Symb. 8. 54 ;— Wight Ill. t. 51.
.
The specimen figured is fromthe Anamallay forests, and having only male flowers, have taken the drawing of the fertile
flower and fruit from Dr. Wight’s plate in his Zllustrations, « 5
A handsome tree common in many forests in the plains and subalpine reyions of this Presidency and in Mysore, Bombay, Bengal
Birmah and Ceylon, it is called Retha in Hindustani, Konkudu in Teligoo, Puvandi and Ponnanga in Tamil, Puvella in Singhalese and Haik-
khyae in Birmese ;the berries are saponaceous ond are used with the other species as soap by the natives, and ail the species are called soop nut trees
by Europeans ; the root, bark and fruit are used medicinally by the natives and are said to have virtue in epilepsy, and an oil is extracted from the
nut ; the wood is occasionally used by the natives for ordinary purposes, such as posts, door frames, and the construction of carts ; it is pale
yellowish, cluseaid prettily grained, hard, but not durable, and cracks if exposed, and is said not lo work easily ; unseasoned it weighs 75 to 80 lbs,
the cubic foot, and 64 lbs, when seasoned ; its specific gravity is 928, Sapindus detergens, Roxb, a Bengal tree, is probably not specifically distinct
from this species.
154
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NEPHELIUM STIPULACEUM. (Nat. order Sapindacez.)
Nephelium, Zinn.—For Gen. Char. see Manual.
NEPHELIUM STIPULACEUM (Bedd.) A middling sized tree, leaves glabrous abruptly pinnate, 6-14 inches long,
leaflets 2-3 pair, the lowest pair opposite, quite at the base of the common petiole, very small obliquely curved and stipuliform, the
others alternate opposite or subopposite oblong obtusely or rather sharply pointed slightly attenuated and oblique at the base, glabrous
on both sides, pale or glaucous beneath and there furnished with small round pit-like glands in the axils of the primary veins, 3-6
inches long by 2-3 broad, panicles axillary and terminal slightly pilose, a little shorter than the leaves, flowers polygamo-dieecious
apetalous, calyx 5-6 partite in a single series, lobes distinct or nearly distinct subvalvate, stamens 5-9, only slightly exserted, ovary 2-3
lobed 2-3 celled, style 2-3 parted, lobes recurved, fruit oval (only 1 carpel coming to maturity) the size of a large gooseberry densely
covered with weak prickles, seed oblong half covered with the succulent aril, testa brown, cotyledons very large fleshy. Bedd. in Linn.
Trans. vol. xxv. and Icones Pl, Ind. Orient. Part VI. tab ciii. page 21.
A handsome tree, rather rare in the moist forests in Malabar and on the Anamallays ; the wood is strong and serviceable.
Analysis.
1. A small portion of the leaf, underneath view to show ihe glandular pits in the axis of the primary veins.
2, 3, 4. & 5. Magnified views of the apetalous flower, showing 5, 6, and 9 stamens and 2 lobed ovaries.
6. A flower with a 3-lobed ovary,
7. Ovary cut vertically.
8. The same cut horizontally.
9, The fruit, natural size.
10. Magnified view of the muricated rind of the fruit.
11. Fruit opened.
155
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EUPHORIA LONGANA. (Nat. order Sapindaces. )
EUPHORIA, Juss.—GEN. CHAR. Flowers regular, polygamous, sepals 5, distinct, imbricate or valvate in the bud, petals none or as
many as sepals, with or without a scale inside, disk annular, stamens 6 to 10, inserted within the disk, ovary 2 or 3-celled, usually lobed, with
1 ovule in each cell, style deeply 2 or 3-lobed, or divided to the base into distinct styles, fruit deeply 2 or 3-lobed, or reduced to a single carpel,
the lobes usually indehiscent, often tuberculate, seeds enclosed in a pulpy arillus ; testa coriaceous, cotyledons thick. Trees, with the young shoots
usually pubescent, leaves pinnate, leaflets asin Nephelium, but in 1 species toothed ; flowers small in terminal panicles—See Manual under the genus
Nephelium.
EUPHORIA LONGANA. (Roxb.) <A rather large tree with a short straight trunk and a dense globular head
polygamo-monecious, leaves alternate abruptly pinnate 6-10 inches long, leaflets 2-4 pair glabrous above, more or less hoary and
glaucous beneath, (as are the young shoots and panicles) coriaceous entire, from ovate-lanceolate to oblongo-lanceolate, often very oblique
at the base obtuse or acute at the apex and sometimes mucronate, 24-9 inches long by 3-2} broad, veins pinnate prominent, petiolules 2-5
lines long, panicles terminal and from the upper axils, flowers small pale yellowish-white, male and hermathrodite mixed in the same
panicle, calyx deeply 5-parted hoary or downy on both sides, petals 5 inserted between the calyx-lobes and the disk, scaleless, narrow
linear-lanceolate, hairy, much longer in the male than in the hermathrodite, stamens hairy generally 10 in the male and § in the herma-
throdite (sometimes only 8 and 6), in the former longer than the petals, in the latter with very short filaments, ovary hairy 2-3 lobed,
stigmas the same number, fruit of 1-3 (generally only 1) cocci about the size of a cherry, from nearly smooth or more or less hoary or
scabrous to grossly tuberculate and warted, aril edible.-—Scytale longana, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. p. 270. Euphoria longana, Zam. DC.
Prod. 1p. 611. Dimocarpus longana, Lour, Nephelium longanum, Comb,
A handsome tree, common in all the jungles (up to 3,000 feet) on the west side of the Madras Presidency, in Mysore Bombay,
Eastern Bengal, Ceylon and in China; lhe description is drawn up from copious specimens collected in South Canara, the Anamallays, the
Sivagherry hills, Courtallum and Ceylon ; in S, Canara the tree is called Mal adhcota, at Courtallum Poond, in the Bombay Presidency Wumb,
in Ceylon Mora ; the Chinese name is Longar (hence Roxburgh’s specific name, he having first received the tree from China) ; the wood is said to
be hard, close grained and white and worth attention, but Ihave not seen it in use ; the succulent aril of the seed is an agreeable acid and something
like the Litchi. Asa genus tt should not I think be kept distinct from Nephelinm. The drawing is from a specimen gathered on the Tinnevelly
mountains at 2500 feet elevation, and the leaves are more acuminated than in most of the forms. Analysis is given of male and hermathrodite
flowers, the former with 10 stamens, the latter with 8 only,
Analysis,
A male flower showing 10 stamens, petals and stamens, much larger than the calyx.
A petal.
Abortive ovary.
Anthers.
Female flower, stamens removed, showing the ovary, disk and short petals,
The same, showing the short stamens, 8 in number.
Anthers.
A 3-lobed ovary.
A 2-lobed ovary.
10. Ovary cut vertically.
11. A 3-celled ovary cut horizontally.
12, A 2-celled ovary cut horizontally,
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POMETIA EXIMIA. (Nat. order Sapindacez.)
POMETIA, Forst.—GEN. CHAR. Flowers regular polygamo-dizcious, calyx small cupular 4-5 fid, teeth erect valvate, petals 4-5 without
scales, disk complete, stamens 4-8 centrical very long and exserted, anthers small, ovary deeply 2-3 lobed, 2-3 celled, style short or elongate, stigma small,
ovules solitary in the cells ascending from the base of the axis, fruit of 1-2 globose or ovoid indehiscent cocci, seed nearly covered with an aril, embryo
conduplicate ; lofty trees glabrous or tomentose, leaves alternate pinnate, leaflets subsessile serrate, the lowest pair small and stipuliform, racemes
simple or paniculate slender elongate, flowers small. Forst. Prod, v. 74 (partly). Irina, Blume Bijdr. 230. Eccremanthus, Thw. in Hook. Kew.
Journ. vii. 272 t. 9.
See Manual under the Genus Nephelium.
POMETIA EXIMIA. (Thw.) A large tree 40-60 feet, young branches rufo-hirsute, leaves large abruptly pinnate sub-
sessile, leaflets 5-13 pair oblongo-lanceolate serrate subsessile, hirsute beneath, the lowest pair very small and stipule-like, oblique,
curved and often deciduous, panicles tomentose, branches elongate pendulous many flowered cylindrical, flowers minute 5-merous,
calyx-segments short subacute, petals small not clawed, transversely oblong not furnished with scales but with a transverse hairy line
near the apex on the inside, disk fleshy reddish, stamens 5 inserted on to the centre of the disk, in the male flowers very long and
exserted, short and only slightly exserted in the hermathrodite flowers, ovary 2 lobed hirsute, style linear, stigma minute 2 lobed,
fruit fleshy subglabrous, generally 1 lobed, seed oblong nearly covered with the aril, hilum large oblique, testa red. Zhw. En. Pl. Zey.
p. 57, and ix Hook. Journ. of Bot. vii. p. 272. t. 9.
)
This tree has only been found in Ceylon (elevation 1000-2000 feet) ; vt flowers in May and fruits in July.
Analysis.
Male flower, front and back view (much magnified.)
A petal showing the line of hairs near its apex on the inner face,
Anther, back view.
Anther, front view.
Hermathrodite flower.
The same petals and stamens removed to show the ovary.
Ovary cut vertically.
9, 10, 11, 12. Fruit, seed, &c. (Figures 9 to 12 from adrawing by Dr, Thwaites),
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HARPULLIA IMBRICATA. (Nat. order Sapindaceze.)
HarpuLiia, Ro«b.—GEN. CHAR. Flowers regular, polygamous. Sepals4 or 5. Petals as many, without any scale, but sometimes
with inflected auricles at the base of the lamina. Disk inconspicuous. Stamens 5 to 8. Ovary 2-celled, with 1-2 ovules in each cell ; style short, or elongated
and spirally twisted. Capsule coriaceous, somewhat compressed, with 2 turgid lobes opening loculicidally in 2 valves. Seeds 1 or 2 in each cell, with or
without an arillus; cotyledons thick, Trees, leaves pinnate; leaflets usually large, the primary veins prominent underneath. Flowers in loose terminal
little-branched panicles, sometimes reduced to simple racemes. Capsule usually large, red or orange-colored.—_Streptostigma, Thw. Otonychium, Blume,
2 Blancoa, Blume. Tina, Blume. Danatophorus, Zippel.
Harpullia cupanioides, Rowb. Fl. Ind. ii, p. 645, is a nearly allied species found in North India ; it outers chiefly in the ovary being only
i-celled, in its large entire aril, and bifid stigma ; it is called Harpulli in Chittagong.
H{ARPULLIA IMBRICATA. (Blume.) A large tree, much branched, young parts petioles and panicles slightly velvetty
pubescent, leaves alternate abruptly pinnate 10-16 inch long, leaflets 3-5 pair generally alternate sometimes opposite or sub-opposite
membranaceous, penuiveined (primary veins inconspicuous above, prominent beneath) entire ovate from generally an oblique base, to
oblongo ovate acute or acuminate, generally glabrous on both sides except the costa beneath, but sometimes the costa above and primary
veins beneath are pubescent, 2-7 inches long by 1-24 broad, petiolules 2-3 lines long, panicles lax, flowers green, in the hermathrodite
ovary hairy, cells 2-ovuled, stigma generally twisted, sometimes entire or sub-eutire, stamens ineluded ; in the male, stamens much
exserted. Capsule glabrous 2-24 inches broad 4 or less than 4 that in length, bright orange in color, 2 lobed depressed betweeu the lobes
and apiculate with the remains of the style, lobes much inflated generally 2 (sometimes 1) seeded, seed black furnished with a small aril,
seldom more than 1 ineach capsule coming to maturity.—Otonychium imbrieatum, 5/7. Rumphia. iii. 180, Streptostigma viridiflorum,
Thw. in Hook. Journ. of Bot. vol. vi. p. 298. t. 9A.
This very beautiful tree is common in the western moist forests of this Presidency from Canara down to Cape Comorin, and it ascends the
mountains to about 3500 feet elevation ; when covered with its brilliant orange fruit rt is a beautiful sight on the ghats in Malabar and Canara ;
it is also found in Ceylon.’ I have never seen the stigma so much twisted in the Indian plant as it is in the Ceylon one (fig. Ais a drawing
of a hower by Dr. Thwaites from u Ceylon specimen), and it is sometimes not at all twisted ; the tree flowers wn the cold season und ripens its
fruit in March atd April. 1 know nothing of the timber.
Analysis.
t, A male flower showing the exserted stamens,
2. Hermathrodite flower.
3. Same, petals removed and calyx opened out to show disk, stamens, ovary and twisted style.
4. Hermathrodite flower, petals removed, showing a style not twisted.
5. <A petal.
6. Anthers, front and back view.
7. Ovary cut vertically, showing the 2 superposed ovules in each cell.
§. . The same cut horizontally.
9. A fruit.
10. One of the valves of the capsule showing 2 seeds with their small arils (the other 2 seeds adhering tothe other valve.) The
three lower leaflets on the left side of the branch represent the upper surface, the other leaflets with more prominent
primary veins the lower surface ; the flowering branch is from a hermathrodite tree.
158
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TURPINIA NEPALENSIS. (Nat. order Sapindacezx.)
TURPINIA. Vent.—GEN. CHAR. Flowers regular hermathrodite, calyx 5-fid imbricate persistent, petals 5 sessile imbricate, disk raised
erenate or lobed, stamens 5 inserted under margin of the disk and between its lobes, ovary sessile 3-lobed 3-celled, styles 3 combined or free, stigmas sub-
eapitate, ovules 2 in each cell or many in 2 series ascending anatropal. Fruit subglobose fleshy or coriaceous crowned with the scars of the styles, 3 celled or
fewer by abortion, seed pendulous or fixed horizontally to the axis angled compressed, testa crustaceous or bony, hilum large, albumen fleshy, embryo
straight, cotyledons plano-convex. Trees or shrubs glabrous, leaves opposite unequally-piunate (or very rarely simple), stipules interpetiolar early deciduous,
leaflets opposite serrate, flowers small in axillary or terminal panicles.—Dalrymplea, Roxb. Lapecedea, H.B,K. Ochrantha, Lindl. Eyrea, Champ.
Triceraria, Willd.
TuRPINIA NEPALENSIS. (Wall.) A good sized spreading evergreen tree, young parts generally very minutely
puberulous (under the lens), leaves trifoliate or unequally pinnate 4-7 inches long furnished with interpetiolar stipules which are early
deciduous, leaflets 1-2 opposite pair with an odd one, ovate to elliptic, acuminate rather coriaceous toothed or rarely entire quite
glabrous on both sides 2-3 inches long } to 14 broad, petiolules 2-3 lines long, stipels small acute, panicles in the axils of the wpper
leaves, from shorter to a little longer than the leaves trichotomous, minutely bracteoled, flowers numerous small greenish yellow, calyx
very minutely ciliate and slightly puberulous on both sides, tinted with red on the outside, petals ciliate and hairy on the inside glabrous:
or very minutely puberulous outside, glands of the disk yellow, filaments glabrous, ovary 3 lobed with 3 styles, Jobes and styles com-
bined but easily separable when young, ovules 2-3 in each cell, fruit globular or subglobular, the 3 lobes of the ovary quite consolidated
into one, more or less 3-pointed with the remains of the styles, very variable in size, generally not larger than a pea, sometimes up to:
1 inch in diameter. Wall. L. n. 4277 ;— Wright Icones 972.
A common tree on the mountains all over India and Ceylon, also found in Hongkong ; it is occasionally found in very low elevations
not much above sea level; it is particularly common about Ootacamund at 7000 feet ; itis called Neela by the Burghers on the Nilgiris, and
Kankoombala and Allakirilla in Ceylon.
Analysis.
Apex of a very young branch showing one of the interpetiolar stipules, the scar of another, and the minute stipels.
A young bud,
A flower.
The same open, showing the ciliate calyx and hairy petals.
A flower, petals and 3 stamens removed, showing the lobed disk, insertion of the stamens, and the 3 ovaries (closely attached.)
A petal.
Anthers, front and back view.
Vertical section of the ovary showing the insertion of the ovules.
Transvere section showing the cells 2-ovuled,
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MELIOSMA ARNOTTIANA. (Nat. ord. Sabiaceze.)
MELIOSMA, Blume.—GEN. CHAR. Flowers hermathrodite or polygamo-diecious, sepals 4-5 unequal or sub-equal imbricate, petals 4-5
opposite the sepals, very unequal, 3 exterior orbicular concave, 2 interior small flat sometimes bifid, disk cupular 3-8 toothed, teeth sometimes bifid, stamens
5 inserted outside the base of the disk opposite the petals, very unequal free or cohering with the base of the petals, the 2 larger perfect, the 3 sterile
opposite the large petals, filaments flat, anthers large globose didymous, cells dehiscing by a large opening, connective much dilated saucer-shaped, ovary ses-
sile 2-3 celled, style simple sulcate short and thick, stigma simple or 2-3 fid, ovules 2 in each cell superposed horizontal or pendulous, micropyle inferior,
drupe obliquely subglobose, endocarp bony or crustaceous 1-celled 1-seeded (rarely 2-celled), seed with a small cavity on one side near the base, testa mem-
branaceous, cotyledons conduplicate, radicle incurved. Trees or shrubs generally pilose or pubescent, leaves alternate simple or pinnate, leaflets entire or
serrate, racemes compound thyrsiform many flowered generally bracteated, fruit small pea like.—Millingtonia, Row. Fl. Ind. 1.102. Oligostemon, Turcz.
Lorenzeana, Liebm. Kingsboroughia, Liebm.
A genus of very curious structure, Roxburgh and some other botanists have described it as with 2 stamens and 3 petals, the bifid petals
and sterile stamens being considered nectaries. Besides the 3 species described in this flora, which are all most abundant in this Presidency, 2
inhabit Kengal, M. pinnata, Roxb. ; and dillenifolia, Wall.
MELIOSMA ARNOTTIANA. (Wight.) A large tree with a very spreading head, leaves unequally pinnate 8-16
inches long, leaflets 5-7 opposite or sub-opposite pair, ovate-oblong with a long acumination, coriaceous quite entire glabrous above
or the costa pubescent, densely pubescent or glabrous except the costa beneath, 24-53 inches long by 3-3 broad, petiolules 3-6 lines
long, panicles axillary large covered with much rusty pubescence, often furnished with large leaf-like bractes below the lower or 2
lower ramifications, flowers very small and as in the generic character, calyx-segments more or less unequal generally 4 equal or sub-.
equal and the 5th very much smaller, style persistent and spinuliform nearly at the base of the fruit—Millingtonia Arnottiana, Wight
Til. p. 144 and tab. 53. Sapindus ? microcarpus, WA. Prod. p. 112.
A very common tree in Southern India and Ceylon at 4000 feet and upwards ; itis very abundant at Coroor on the Nilgiwis, and is a
most beautiful sight in June when in full blossom, its whitish panicles forming a perfect sheet of flowers over the top of the tree ; it is also avery
conspicuous tree when in flower inthe mountain sholas on the Annamallays. It is called by the Burghers on the Nilgiris Huli makay (tiger-like),
the hearit-wood of very old trees being striped reddish and white ; the timber is worthless, being spongy and light, but is occasionally used for
rafters and as firewood.
160
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AAGLE MARMELOS. (Nat. ord. Rutacez.)
ZEGLE, Corvea.—GEN. CHAR. Flowers hermathrodite, calyx small 4-5 toothed deciduous, petals 4-5 oblongo-lanceolate patent imbricate.
Stamens numerous, filaments short subulate, anthers elongate erect, disk inconspicuous, ovary ovoid 8-15 celled attenuated into a short style, stigma obleng
deciduous, ovules many in each cell in 2 rows, berry globose, rind woody, 8-15 celled, cells many seeded replete with mucousjuice, seed oblong compressed,
testa woolly and covered with slime. ‘Trees, spinose, leaves 3-foliate, leaflets slightly crenulate, pellucidly punctate, panicles axillary few-flowered, flowers
rather large white, fruit large, pulp edible.
AXicLE MarME.os. (Corr.) A good sized tree, trunk pretty erect, bark ash-colored, branches few and irregular,
spines axillary single or in pairs, or wanting, very sharp and strong, leaves trifoliate (rarely pinnate with 5 leaflets ?), leaflets glabrous
or pubescent oblong or broad lanceolate attenuated to a blunt point, inconspicuously crenulate, the exterior one always the largest, panicle
small terminal and axillary, flowers, &c. as in the generic character, fruit about the size ofa cricket ball round and very hard. fom.
Fl. Ind. ii. p, 579.
This is the well known Bel tree, it is common in a cultivated state throughout India, and is met with wild in many of our subalpine
forests, but the wild variety has a far inferior fruit (one variety on the Denkinacottah hills, Salem, has densely pubescent foliage) : it rs called
) Bel in Hindustani, Vilua in Tamil, and Maredu in Teligu ; it ascendsthe mountains to about 4000 feet. The wood is light colored and variegated,
‘compact and hard, but it is seldom cut for timber. In the Godavery forests the native drum is often made from it, and in some parts rt is used
| for the naves-of wheels and sugar crushers ; the juice of the fruit makes a delicious sherbat, and is much drunk in Bengal as a hot weather
| beverage, it has aperient and detersive properties, and ts considered a most useful drink in diarrhea and dysentery, ast also acis as an astringent §
\ the bark and root also are in use medicinally with the natives.
161
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MANGIFERA INDICA. (Nat. ord. Anacardiacez.)
Man GIFERA, Zinn.—GEN. CHAR. Flowers polygamous or discious, calyx 4-5 partite imbricate deciduous, petals 4-5 imbricate inserted
below the disk furnished on the inside with a lobed glandular scale or crest, stamens arising from the disk 1 (or rarely 2) fertile with a subulate fleshy
filament about as long as the style, 3-4 (or rarely more) sterile slender minute tipped with a gland, disk thick fleshy 4-5 lobed, ovary free or its base
immersed in the disk, sessile fleshy oblique, 1-celled 1-ovuled, ovule ascending from the side a little above the base, style lateral, stigma simple, drupe
generally subreniform ovoid or globose but very variable in shape and size fleshy, putamen woody fibrous indehiscent or 2 valved, seed compressed,
cotyledons plano-conves, thick fleshy often lobed, radicle inferior ascending. Trees, leaves alternate petioled simple entire coriaceous, panicles terminal
branched bracteated, flowers small.
MancGiFrerA INDICA. (Linn.) A large tree up to 15 feet in girth, with an erect trunk covered with dark colored
scabrous cracked bark, branches very numerous, leaves generally about the extremities of the branches lanceolate, often more or less
waved at the margin, acute or acuminate, coriaceous glabrous and shining, 6-12 inches long by 1-23 inches broad, petioles 3-2 inches
long, panicles terminal always much branched often very compound puberulous or glabrous, flowers small yellowish with stripes of red
near the base of the petals, male and hermathrodite mixed in the same panicle, calyx segments 5 oblong concave, petals 5 lanceolate
twice as long as the calyx, disk of 5 large yellow fleshy lobes surrounding the base of the ovary, each lobe as large as the ovary, fertile
anther purple, sterile filaments 2-3-4 or more. Linn ;— Willd, Sp, 1. 1150.
This is the well known Mango tree ; it grows to an immense size in all our mountain forests up to 4000 feet elevation, generally in ravines
and on the banks of streams ; the tree is most variable in the length and breadth of its leaves and form of its panicles, and the cultivated varie-
ties differ wonderfully in the shape and size of the fruit, the tree generally flowers during the first 3 months of the year, and the fruit ripens during —
the next three ; the wood is coarse and open grained, of a dull grey color, not durable, and soon attacked by insects ; a cubic foot unseasoned weighs
52-58 lbs, and when seasoned 42 lbs, and the specific gravity is 672 ; it is much in use for coffee cases, &e. and for planks ; and the natives use tt
jor building purposes; a gum exudes jrom the trunk. The tree is cultivated throughout tropical Asia, but really good jruit is seldom found except
on grafted trees. It is called ‘Am in Hindustani, Mad in Tamil, Mamadi in Teligu, and Attamba and Amba in Ceylon.
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DED pos Konotse tows (hth, dive 10 JVB ape sO tenredire: 9k ie walaeAdTIG HY Gaasivor geval dS BAT ae
Oldie daliniore RNR ROVE 108 Oe i f My HARSH i UNM aie Ras tuewMl toy ag) hss ies
to's. PROMOTE RET HOVERS MO erat Re AeA: vec: a NORRIE RO HONE Pitoe inion. Re IROL Cin 900 BICC West e an ay eiiny
WHO LOOT
ine fiver ¥!
PAG any ey sit eam
ee Uh ORE GH tl Ber sav it ira Rua Rea en P EG ames gs} COGIC NT eS ae
en
ie Nae OTL EGS Weeds lik ads: 5 haan WT TO CIO en Cole RT ahaa
is :
ton sy at ig
SHON
‘ AGT ASE ON) BINS, Noes
sail 409 ve La a4 agin nate Penske eas RNS ORES TE ANY AIA ASC HON GOI 25. ONO) AL INR
oA
ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE. (Nat. ord. Anacardiacez.}
ANACARDIUM, Roxb.—GEN. CHAR. Flowers polygamous, calyx 5-partite, segments imbricate erect deciduous, petals 5 narrow imbricate,
disk filling up nearly the whole of the tube of the calyx and combining the base of the stamens and petals, stamens 8-10 unequal all or 1-4 only fertile
filaments joined together at the base, ovary free sessile obovate or obcordate, style oblique filiform, stigma punctiform, ovule pendulous from the funicle
which ascends from the side of the cell near tho base, nut reniform oblique, supported on a fleshy pear-shaped enlargement of the torus and pedicel,
indebiscent, pericarp thick, containing in its substance cells full of an acrid oil, seed reniform ascending, testa membranaceous adhering, cotyledons
semilunate, fleshy, plano-convex, radicle short uncinate. Trees or shrubs, leaves alternate, petiolate simple coriaceous entire, panicles terminal, corym-
bosely-branched bracteated, flowers small.—Acajuba, Gertn, Fruct. t. 40. Cassuvium, Lam. Dict. 1. 22. Rhinocarpus, Bert. Monodynamus, Pohl.
ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE. (Limn.) A middling sized or small tree, trunk short thick and crooked, bark rough
and cracked, branches numerous spreading in every direction, leaves oval to obovate rounded or rather emarginate at the apex often
narrowed towards the base glabrous on both sides, rather coriaceous, 4-8 inches long, 2-4 broad, petiole 2-12 lines long, panicles
terminal bearing often both male and hermathrodite flowers, bractes gibbous lanceolate, calyx slightly hairy, petals linear lanceolate
revolute slightly hairy on the outside, pale yellow in color streaked with pink, filaments generally 9 sterile and 1 fertile, the latter very
much longer or sometimes only slightly longer than the others, in the male flower there is hardly any rudiment of an ovary but a style
various in length sometimes as large as in the fertile flower with a 2 cleft apex. Ovary in the fertile flowers obcordate, stigma punctiform.
Linn ;—DC. Prod. ii. 62.
This is the well known Cashew nut iree, indigenous to tropical America, but long since thoroughly established ull over India near the sea
coast, the timber is of no vulue, butis occasionally used for packing cases, dc, and mokes excellent charcoal ; the pericarp of the nut contains an
acrid oul which is used medicinally, it is very caustic, and will raise blisters on the skin ; a transparent gum exudes fromthe trunk, not inferior —
togum Arabic, which is in use as a varnish, and is said to keep off insects ; andin S, America book binders wash their books with a solution of
it ;—the kernels ure very nice when roasted and are well known as a dessert dish in India, end they yield an oil; the enlarged crimson colored
pedicel to the fruit is also eatenand has an agreeable acidulous subastringent flavor ; the tree is called Kaju in Hindustani.
163
PL: OLXIII.
| Le ae
ee y
eS ta
a
FRED ES MORTO RORY LA OO aaa
aro RTS Ae
Sietiny Bavotow sou
Buen notion? Words Bersul volet My epten oid Ret Nant nits ut Cro Bovey
Mveteewiciu Neate
my F 2 i 4 r f 3 yey, abTs _
de KS ; pen Ets ah a Ni Bsa ECONO OR an anh PROC CAS
: WE Misy sO
NOTHOPEGIA COLEBROOKIANA. (Nat. order Anacardiacex.)
For Gen. Char. sec Manual under head of this genus.
NovrHoPEGia COLEBROOKIANA. (Wight.) A small tree, leaves coriaceous oblong to obovate entire acute or
ending in a short abrupt acumen parallelly veined glabrous, racemes axillary or frorn the axils of fallen leaves much shorter than the
leaves many flowered, flowers small white, petals linear oblong, drupe size of a cherry transversely oblong’ filled with sweet eatable
pulp.—Pegia ? Colebrookiana, Wight Icones tab, 236. Glycycarpus racemosus, Dalz. im Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. p. 39. Nothopegia,
Blume Mus. Bot. i. 203.
Commen in all the Western ghat forests of this Presidency and Bombay, and also in Ceylon ; called in Bombay Amberce, and in Ceylon
Bala. The drawing is from the pencil of Dr. Thwaites, and was taken from a Ceylon specimen.
Analysis.
1. Flowering branch female tree. f
2. The same of the male tree.
3. A male flower.
4, Hermathrodite flower.
5. The same petals removed.
6. The same cut vertically.
7. A fruit branch.
8. Fruit cut vertically.
164
: ; PL: GLYIV.
Durphiyl Fe
baiobo oS vlogdvonunode
last reses
> Ald 118 MANDO
el i }
Bist as racy 7 HO) eisG
Apidy @ yan dontidaih One
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yk iets) Ny ASST,
TO 1610 “Dos Naeiide aasise jooud -bosia “hooey ie fi
HOE enaithlelye to erodes qlucdinags 4
id Mos) dee Iniciar? eotokiung enol eoath O18
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bvlowne.
RE
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Hiss yak! shee, Aye ciatahei ) Soelaio veh SY UN wh
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ae ant aft ‘ i a8 cloons ERRORS 400,»
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AM HSE, 1. HKOK
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at
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Bie HAD: f oe
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beiseni soulduit dive
s epiosid hows coat 3oote eérians
std pie Woome see laail we yitedon
AGL HOMES Yove LE x
Dep bsnsi s divs ieodaey
OBI: aN <stOs SUNG es’ 00% J ybien
my thie ne NG arvgy B) sai SN OSNS. Mornay :
i
; she ah fi eehod ant ie a a Sauls HOA a ne
Sag Agatti
BUCHANANIA LATIFOLIA. (Nat. order Anacardiacez.)
BUCHANANIA, foxb.—GEN. CHAR. Flowers hermaphrodite, Calyx short, obtusely 3 to 5-toothed. Petals 5, imbricate in the bud.
Disk orbicular, crenate. Stamens 10, inserted round the disk, Gynecium of 5 or 6 distinct carpels, of which one only perfect, the others rudimentary
and style-like ; style of the perfect one short, with a truncate stigma; ovule suspended from an erect filiform funicle. Drupe small, the putamen crusta-
ceous or bony, 2-valved. Seed with thick cotyledons anda superior radicle. Trees, leaves alternate, simple, entire coriaceous. Flowers small, white,
in terminal or axillary panicles.—Coniogeton, Blume Bijdr. 1156. Cambessedea, Kunth. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ii. 366.
BucHANANIA LATIFOLIA. (Roxb.) A good sized tree, trunk straight and often of considerable height, branches
numerous spreading in every direction, leaves broadly oval to obovate very obtuse or emarginate, glabrous or subglabrous above, hirsute
with rather matted hairs beneath, 6-7 inches long by 3-4 broad, petioles 6-10 lines long, panicles terminal and from the upper axils
hirsute erect much branched, bractes small caducous, flowers numerous small whitish green; structure as in the genus ; drupe size of
a cherry « little compressed smooth and black when ripe. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 385.
A very common tree in most subalpine jungles in this Presidency both on the eastern and western side, and ascending the mountains to
nearly 4000 feet elevation ; it is also found in Bengal und Birmah, it flowers in December and January, and ripens its fruat in May. The latter is
eaten by the natives, and the kernels are also eaten und used in confectionary and they abound in oil. It is called Chironji in Hindustan, Kat mad
and Aima in Tamil, Chara and Chinna moral in Teligu, Nuskul in Canarese, Pyal and Char oli in the Bombay Presidency, and Charu at Cuttack ;
the wood is rather tovgh and used by the natives for bullock yokes and other purposes and for charcoal, a cubic foot seasoned weighs 36 lbs ; the bark
as used by tanners.
165
PL: CLYY.
Lerephiy, Lelie!
A ‘bio, .dsVi)
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Gas 7
r ropmne Dae uaoiyite
Kelornt abounded na’ Yolo deol Aralgoue
J Ret Mee totg te hil) Oye’, ey ON dunratitoy ro
malo ipa Anrodal co: fsscckens
rae |
suahivibad Gaowil Ho BCS OR Odi
behiansy 0 “atoy ado e |
est bri tes bu BOLO iN aod S-Eed eo hot es
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Ler inthe pistes a Horscutoo ox:
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SEMECARPUS ANACARDIUM. (Nat. order Anacardiacez.)
SEMECARPUS, Linn. fi. GEN. CHAR. Flowers polygamous. Calyx small], 5 lobed. Petals 5, imbricate iu the bud. Disk orbicular,
slightly lobed or crenate. Stamens 5, inserted round the disk. Ovary 1 celled, with 3 styles, and somewhat club-shaped stigmas ; ovules suspended from
the top of the cavity. Drupe or nut reniform, seated on the much-enlarged, thick, succulent, fleshy, cupular or turbinate base of the calyx, (hypocarp)
pericarp thick, hard, filled with resinous cells. Seed pendulous, the testa coriaceous, somewhat fleshy inside, embryo thick, with plano-convex cotyledons
and a very short superior radicle. Trees, leaves alternate; flowers small, in terminal or lateral panicles.
SEMECARPUS ANA CARDIUM. (Linn,) A large tree bearing male and hermathrodite flowers on different individuals,
trunk pretty straight, bark scabrous, branches numerous spreading, leaves about the apex of the branches oblong to obovate rounded at
the apex entire, pretty smooth but harsh, whitish underneath 6-18 inches long by 4-8 broad, pinnate veins and veinlets conspicuous
on both sides, petioles 3 to 2 inches long, panicles terminal very large composed of many simple spikes, those of the male tree more
slender but as large or larger, flowers numerous small dull yellow, asin the generic character, the males smaller with a small rudiment
ofan ovary, hypocarp about the size of the drupe yellow when ripe. oud. Fl. Ind. ii. p. 88.
This is the marking-nut tree, called in Hindustani Bhilama, in Teligu Jiri, and Bibu in Bombay ; itis common in subalpine jungles
throughout this Presidency and in Bengal and Bombay ; tts wood is soft and of no value ; the fruit contains the black corrosive resinous juice generally
used in this country for marking linen and also in use medicinally with the natives ; the green fruit well pounded makes good bird-lime, the fleshy
receptacle below the nut is sometimes roasted and eaten, and the kernels are also occasionally eaten ; the marking ink is improved in color and prevented
from running by the mixture of a little quicklime water. A brown colored tasteless gum exudes from the bark.
166
Duryphy Lethe:
at Ryo has
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f (hay aca Mir iia bpd
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a i hese ext ho co ge ae ie
Rua oro wl yOOLiAg bisosy ind ilee ions eee mame 255: MRD, fies Hoe | i
ae Baivotle Vievo W430 waiph ’ '
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Ts AT
HOLIGARNA LONGIFOLIA. (Nat. order Anacardiaces.)
HOLIGARNA, Ham.—GUN. CHAR. Flowers polygamo-diecious. Calyx cup-shaped 5-toothed, teeth distant, petals 5 valvate with incurved
tips villous, at length patent, disk broad annular, stamens 5 inserted round the edge of the disk, ovary inferior 1 celled, styles 3-4 (sometimes a 5th small
one) terminal, stigmas reflexed cresceut-shaped, ovule pendulous from one side of the cell very near the apex, drupe inferior sabcompressed oblong or ovate,
pericarp thick, somewhat fleshy containing between its lamina cells full of thick acrid juice, putamen coriaceous. “Seed conformed to the cell, testa
membranaceous, embryo thick, cotyledons plano-convex, radicle minute. Trees, leaves alternate simple petiolate entire coriaceous, petiole furnished
about the middle with 2 setiform stipels, or glands, racemes or panicles axillary and terminal, flowers small, drupe acrid. Ham. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ik
p. 80.
HOoLIGARNA LONGIFOLIA. (Roxb.) A large tree, trunk straight, bark pretty smooth ash-colored, young shoots rufo-
pubescent, leaves crowded about the apex of the branches, always more or less spathulate or cuneiform, broad a little below the base
and thence gradually narrowed down to the petiole, retuse, rounded, or acute at the apex, glabrous on both sides, or often more or
less pubescent beneath or even villous abont the costa near the base, generally about 7-9 inches long and 2-3 broad below the apex, but
occasionally up to nearly 2 feet in length, petioles glabrous or rufo-pubescent 4-1 inch long furnished about the middle or a little below
it with 2 subulate recurved generally villous stipels, panicles (rarely racemes) terminal and froma the upper axils, male and fertile on
different trees, always more or less pubescent sometimes densely rufo-tomentose, petals valvate closely cohering at their sides at length
patent, tips incurved, male flowers smaller than the fertile, the 5 stamens seated round the margin of the evident disk exserted, with
large versatile anthers, rudiment of an ovary 0, or very small; fertile flowers with the stamens very small seated round the margin of the
disk, anthers small and effete, ovary quite sunk except its hairy apex in the disk and calyx tube, styles 3-4 (rarely a 5th small one in the
centre), stigmas broad flat recurved jagged at the edge and acute at the apex sometimes slightly hairy, fruit ovate to oblong, size of an
olive, as in the generic character. foxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 80.
This tree is very common about the Western ghats of this Presidency fom Canara down to Cape Comorin, and is also found in the
plains and close to the sea. I have copious specimens from all parts ; it also ocew's in Bombay and Bengal, but is absent from Ceylon; in South
Canara itis called Kagira, and in the Bombay Presidency Hoolgeree ; a very acrid black juice is extracted from the trunk and from the Frui
vind, which is used by painters and as a black varnish, and the fruit and bark are used medicinally. I have never known the timber to be used,
but in some parts it is said to be in use for house building, and boats are made of it. The specimen figured is from S. Canara ; the analysis from
fresh flower s.
Analysis.
1. Petiole showing the stipel-like bodies.
2, A male bud showing the cup-shaped calyx with 5 distant teeth.
3. A male flower showing the exserted stamens.
4. Male flower open.
5. The same petals removed, showing the 5 stamens inserted round the margin of the annular disk.
6. Anther, front and back view.
7. Fertile flower-bud showing calyx and valvate petals.
8. A full fertile flower.
9. Petals removed.
10.
Fertile flower (calyx-teeth and 2 petals removed) showing the small effete stamens inserted round the margin of the torus,
the apex of the ovary (the hairy coating removed) and the styles.
1]. Vertical section of the same showing the solitary ovuie pendulous from nearly the apex of the cell.
12. Apex of an ovary showing 4 styles and stigmas.
13, The same showing 3 styles and stigmas.
14. The same showing a small 5th style present.
15. The effete anthers of the fertile flower.
16. Young fruit.
167
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PL: CLXVIL.
foe
Duzz
G
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mane
ee
vil wiendt rh. ae Serve!
Ada De TON ae
ghia! donb ecre
iv SOW CO elope BomNaR Ns
(he TO Pie Neem te
a - ! | vay ' Fas A Te bas } } 4 } fs
Swale <bainivatios Mish hon vaial mld od te¢ba'n: (Perit RAROOO MLO TRA UO Od ohONSIEN wo ya aiok
niol dodont
Dea HAN.
hate
CAMPNOSPERMA ZEYLANICUM. (Nat. order Anacardiacez.)
CAMPNOSPERMA, Thw.—GEN. CHAR. Flowers hermathrodite, calyx 3 partite persistent, divisions erect imbricate, petals 3 sub-
orbicular erect imbricate, disk urceolate. Stamens 6 inserted at the base of the disk, ovary free sessile ovate, 1 celled, style very short and thick, stigma
broad peltate and lobed, ovule pendulous from the apex of the cell; drupe fleshy ovate, putamen bony, the cavity semi 2-celied in the upper half froma
pendant bony process, seed pendulous arcuate, cotyledons plane oblong arcuate, radicle short superior terete. A tree, leaves alternate simple entire,
panicles simple; flowers minute. Thw. in Hook Kew Journ. vi, 65. fig. i.
CAMPNOSPERMA ZEYLANICUM. (Thw.) A tree 30-40 feet, ramous, branches terete young parts and young leaves
ferruginous, leaves lanceolate to obovate-lanceolate, gradually attenuated at the base penniveined and reticulated, below minutely rufo-
punctate, 3-4 inches long by #-1} broad, flowers 2 lines long 1 bracteolate. Z'hw. J. c.
Ceylon, not uncommon on the banks of streams at Rataapoora and the lower part of the Safragam district up to about 1,060 fect
elevation,
The dissections are from a drawing by Dr. Thwattes.
168
PL: CLYVIL
oe
“wpidlited be
YE
Govardoo, del:
P
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ore
PUN
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pis
pets Anu RADREOBAL AA SUS: TTD ol a Ea NGS E ES eet
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Tiadntaciet AVES DN
(US (RESEND NG hay heels fey fy 1 ee AA aan N!
i) DEIR 6 gy
IUCN EAE DOM GUAGE CSS ray Np Ayia: DBpw Aba bev ito yf Heil
PAU) nd ct CHA ann
Huh: i Chet
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A, ee AES, eH A OM ORAS Sati Pie ioeet) OM Ren Ca NA EE.
suey SOON PUTO: Whey
OCOD en eiey 8) Roe ECM MIE RF IdY Do
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ya tara seout He
SRAM MEED IAT
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AIRY ANHIAME NW Rie ie Wearean elt
Sirs an Ma ANY
SPONDIAS MANGIFERA. (Nat. order Anacardiaceze.)
SPONDIAS. Zinn.—GEN. CHAR. Flowers polygamous, Calyx small, 4 or 5:lobed or divided to the base. Petals 4 or 5, spreading,
almost valvate inthe bud. Disk orbicular, crenate, stamens twice as many as petals, inserted round the disk. Ovary 3 to 6-celled, with as many short
conical Gonnivent styles; ovules solitary in each cell, pendulous. Drupe with a fleshy epicarp, the putamen hard and bony, the cells erect or vertically
curved and diverging at the top, the putamen pierced with a foramen corresponding to the apex of each cell. Seeds solitary in each cell pendulous ; testa
membranous ; embryo straight or slightly curved with the seed; cotyledons oblong, radicle superior. Trees, leaves crowded at the ends of the branches,
pinnate ; flowers small, in terminal or axillary panicles. —Evia, Comm. Cytherea, WA. Pouvartia, Comm.
SPONDIAS MANGIFERA. (Pers.) A large tree, trunk straight, bark smooth ash-colored astringent, leaves alternate
about the ends of the branches, pinnate with an odd one 12-20 inches long, petiole terete, leaflets 4-5 pair opposite or subopposite
ovate to elliptic-oblong rather abruptly acuminate oblique at the base quite entire glabrous prominently veined, 3-6 inches long by
2-22 broad, panicles terminal large diffuse, flowers numerous small white often barren, disk large fleshy crenate, anthers alternately
shorter incurved about 3 as long as the petals, styles 5-6, ovary 5-6 celled, drupe oval or nearly round yellow when ripe about 14 inch
across. ouzb. Fl. Ind. ii. 451. Evia amara, Commers. Ambalam, Rheede Mal. 1. p. 89. t. 50.
This is a comnion tree in jungles throughout this Presidency, and in Ceylon it ascends the mountains to about 8500 feet ; it is known to
Europeans as the Hog plum, and is called admra in Hindustani, Kat maa in Tamil, and Aravi mamadi in Teligoo (names signifying wild
mango) ; its fruit is eaten raw when ripe, and unripe it is pickled and preserved, and eaten in curries ; the wood is soft and of little or no value,
and a gum much like Gum Arabic exudes from the trunk ; the leaves are agreeably acid. In the Anamallays tt is called Puli ille by the Kaders.
169
PLS CE
\\ Tiered, L tte
if VOOM ALUM PEAL CAEL aE
: if j
T
( cpeain
anion ad INE SOs soy Ait ag ‘ iz SE
ST EANOINA bARUAUMONR EM IORE Y Ovkel RondaRr MII elie) Toes j Biche Ss
ES Fee ie So
pei tidory ee :
the datess
Aya G ath
i wire! wollant At
ts lei
De Ow Weenie HigiiiA Rolo Katy toned Beit)
PGP R ASA in) RHE EN Oe
SOTO ATID OI ec}
uh
AR AAO OAGI ON BROAGG i
PE SOOM ONE ITD IS i ‘sherpa es
hat ata eK Ie a
FAG CANS GY. a CAS: ANTON
ELLIPANTHUS UNIFOLIATUS. (Nat. order Connaracex.)
ELLIPANTHUS. Hook Jji.—GEN. CHAR. Flowers polygamous, calyx 5 parted not increasing in size after flowering suberect valvate,
petals 5 longer than the calyx oblong»-lanceolate pubescent imbricate, stamens 5 fertile alternate with as many shorter sterile ones, filaments short subulate
connate at the base into a hirsute tube, carpel 1 ovoid strigose atteuuated intoa short style, stiema lobulate; capsule stipitate volutinous, glabrous
within, seed arillate at the base, exalbuminous. Trees or shrubs, leaves short petioled 1 foliate, oblong or lanceolate glabrous or slightly tomentose
beneath, racemes short axillary tomentose, flowers small.
ELLIPANTHUS UNIFOLIATUS. (Thw.) A middling sized tree 20-30 feet high, branches and petioles blackish,
young parts fusco-pilose, leaves 1-foliate glabrous elliptic or ovate abruptly acuminate reticulate, 13-34 inches long by 1- 12 inches
broad, petiolule tumid 1 line long rugulose articulate with the petiole which is 3 lines long, panicles small axillary 1-2 or 3 together
racemiform 4-7 flowered, fusco-hirsute, bracteoles linear deciduous, flowers pale green about 3 lines in expansion, short pedicelled, calyx
divisions acute, petals externally pilose twice as long as the calyx, stamens 5 joined into a tube alternate with 5 minute teeth-like
staminodes, ovary strigose attenuated into a short style, stigma dilated, fruit fulvo-tomentose arcuato-faleate acute attenuated at the
base into a stipe.—Connarus unifoliatus, Thw. Zn. Pl. Zey. p. 80. Ellipanthus, Benth. and Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. p. 434.
Ceylon in the central provinces, 3-4000 feet, rather a rare tree.
Analysis.
A flower bud.
A flower.
A fertile flower, petals removed.
Stamen tube showing the 5 fertile stamens alternate with 5 minute staminodia.
Anthers, front and back view.
Ovary.
The same cut vertically.
The same cut transversely.
A sterile flower.
Fruit and seed.
(Figures 9—14 communicated by Dr. Thwaites.)
aaa Pr ob
B= G2 5°
10 to 1
170
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£5 Tif i ah it)
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1 Bey
COCHLOSPERMUM GOSSYPIUM. (Nat. order Ternstrzemiacece.)
This tree is fully described in the Manual, vide page xiv.
Luzphiy, Whi
BA y
Ys Va pay :
Vaal MME Yi LY afte foi PAG AZ? §
OM AEG, Z. fe eG Lj :
(CinevarronA rebe dus
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AMD axHolido crtvills eevwiel jpnutrincin, hy
Aheoel abn: ay RES ECSU! ARE Foils ROO ort hee Be)
Hee LV shoniei ben nsdendmy “anihink done
p bein ‘aay Taisen versa sty}
WRT WRG OMRON Gan) is. Ocneenmmes aan a:
UL Aa WS Be ree: cee ie noavinty, rere on
d SSRN POCONOS WOON KG COUN Shh, | SOU FANN UC
AARC RIG HOS) i SOURCE R CIN NURS CLR UN SER. OG / Fut NAR. SNL FON
jemi AGS NGS a) ; INS ca ar SN ER
SARC ESS USM AGA eens Als Onsale ney iL S45 Vasc, 5) OO
XYLOPIA PARVIFOLIA. (Nat. order Anonacez.)
For Gen. Char. see Manual, p. ix.
XYLOPIA PARVIFOLIA. (Hook. fil. et T.) A very lofty straight tree, 60—80 or even 100 feet to the first bough, and
then forming a small dense head, trunk of no great thickness, 4-6 feet in girth, always furnished with considerable buttresses at the
base, which extend up the trunk 6-10 feet from the ground, young branches slightly puberulous, leaves elliptic oblong with a short
acumination, slightly coriaceous shining and glabrous above except the costa, slightly glaucous and glabrous beneath except the costa,
about 3 inches long by 1-1} broad, petioles puberulous 3-4 lines long, inflorescence axillary pubescent, peduncle very short 3-flowered,
pedicels scarcely more than 1 line long bibracteolate at the apex below the calyx, calyx small cup-shaped 3-toothed, extericr petals
thick about 9 lines long, interior a little shorter triquetrous except at the hollow base, torus conical, ovaries 3-4 (5-6 Ceylon speci-
mens) densely strigose hid in the torus, style long glabrous, stigma very large slightly hairy, connective of the anthers truncate capitate,
ovules 4.
This lofty straight tree ts abundant in the moist forests about the foot of the Travancore ghais in the vicinity of Colatoorpalay, where
J discovered it in flower this August ; it is the first time the genus has been observed on the continent ; it also inhabits the south of Ceylon, and
is mentioned in the Manual at prge ix. as « Ceylon trez. I have carefully compared the Travancore specimens with dried specimens of the Ceylon
plant, and I can detect no difference, though the latter is described as a sinall tree or shrub, Dr. Thwaites says that the flowers and bark are used
by the Cinghalese for chewing with their betel.
= eer Z
[i
ie
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CE
PL: CLYXIL.
j a
HAND AOR
PANES LACT Te reer Dae 9 989 UY AE DE Sey Bat LO Not ah, gigs
bis Si onbntaicis WAVELET | Wiha
ae aeons aa Monti ai ig
a diag sont L Bed a Hed ih ; i Hauer Bite Dia ce GL oe SIP OR ROOT Bot aren ihaivtie Pane
RANGE UA. diode cays Hh eh ay beice owt yet deat
ny an
ATLAS
til eh a 4 a Wider Oo LOW OR etidloty” scnaad ROHR. alain olive PAYG) ee a fuori Hh
GanoW i sai Wine Valin lant ed endo Ren 45 Mu antilgg auond
i) - cide iia Ot prtolido ett Btvirelh aide &
8 nt Besser tells hallos
«A bith BAL OK
eu i
ASEM OO Ayn BF Ne ‘i
DONE WH chee, ak big
My rk AGG, MRED \ Rene it LAID Aeogbyiow’ ly Moy yth AA ie OD SEANT STIS RI Eston hie i) MOH
BAN brome NVHits ABreN Sashscoun tens Asher
EMaMiong' eh Ai ical
GARCINIA TRAVANCORICA. (Nat. order Guttiferz.)
For Gen. Char. see letter press to Pl, Ixxxv.
GarcintaA TRAVANCORICA. (Bedd,) A middling sized tree, leaves very coriaceous narrow oblong to sub-
spathulate very obtuse, dark green and shining above paler beneath, 3-4 inches long by about 1 inch broad, primary veins straight and
at nearly right angles with the costa, veinlets forming a beautiful net work and very conspicuous on the under side, petioles about
4 to 1 inch long, 2 outer calyx segments much smaller than the 2 inner, petals rounded ; male flowers on very short terminal panicles or
racemes which are 1-2 inches long and 5-15 flowered and furnished with small bractes at the ramifications, pedicels very short
thickened, stamens in 4 many-fid polyandrous phalanges, anthers about 100 in each phalanx, 2-celled dehiscing longitudinally, no
rudiment of an ovary, style thick 2 lines long, stigma very large peltate convex above, exactly like a mushroom, glutinous ; female
flowers solitary or twin in the terminal axils, ovary with a very large convex glutinous stigma, 4 celled, effete stamens in 6-8 phalanges
each with 2-4 thin filaments, fruit oblong to subglobose, 1} to 13 inches long, crowned with the enlarged peltate stigma, seeds 15 lines
by 7 lines broad, long, flat on the inner face, 1-2 come to maturity, testa bright brown.
This very beautiful species is the No. 2 referred to in Manual, page xxi. I only procured it last month (August) in flower, and in
tipe fruit at the same time ; the tree is confined to the southern portions of the Travancore and Tinnevelly ghat forests (3000-4500 feet eleva-
tion), but is most abundant in localities where it grows ( Muti-kuli vayal Travancore, Calead hills Tinnevelly ) ; every portion of the tree yields
abundance of a bright yellow gamboge, which has not been examined yet ; it is a highly ornamental tree, and seed has been transmitted to the
Ceylon and Bangalore Botunical Gardens, it is called Malam pongu in Tinnevelly.
173
PL GLU
una
Ley
oe
ey
PSSHIDS
ie Bus]
is
i
Dinyyley. Dible:
4
Couzndo ae,
Af
y
Zi
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y
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cg av hb ead
{ ayo tahio
Bo yeees MAT! NT Kine eaOe i boy | Heathen) PU Hey eT OR
pe MA Yio sMiliy poileiist bane :
Aol old to bite ole eae Lie
Chl ageL ye ohain Benin
nd aly ih glist anid Brow bina anton a sing
fierihs atv
AL SLL att , Bae A
aH hielo} Aue ALE
MH Hered lee Pe, f ENT RIE ‘nile Pre Siw onde eden
ELAOCARPUS VENUSTUS. (Nat. order Tiliacee.)
For Gen. Char. see letter press to Pl, cxi.
ELAZOCARPUS VENUSTUS. (Bedd.) A large tree, glabrous in all its parts except the flowers, leaves elliptic to
oblong or sometimes obovate, slightly acute or quite rounded at the apex attenuated at the base, serratures shallow distant and incon-
spicuous, coriaceous, 3-4} inches long by 13-2 broad, furnished with very large glands in the axils of the primary veins beneath, which
often terminate in a pointed or bifid process raised above the lamina of the leaf, the glands form prominent convex marks on the upper
side of the leaf, petioles 6-8 lines long, racemes axillary lax 4-8 flowered as long or a little longer than the leaves, pedicels distant
12-16 lines long with a minute deciduous bracteole at the base of each, flowers 12-16 lines in expansion pure white and very fragrant,
calyx glabrous on the outside, pubescent within, divisions thick and coriaceous, petals a little longer than the calyx 3 cleft with each
division 5-6 fingered, rather densely silky on the outside, nearly glabrous within except the hairy raised process at the base, the linear
anthers and filaments hairy, the upper valve with a short point, ovary glabrous 2 celled, cells with 6 ovules in 2 rows, style subulate
very slightly hairy, drupe not seen.
A fine large tree only observed in the Muti-kuli vayal, South Travancore, 4500 feet elevation, in flower in August ; it is truly beauti-
ful when covered with its snow white large flowers, which it produces in great abundance ; it has only just been discovered, and should be added
to the Manual at page xxxvill.
PLCLMIY
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isa My cece cl Met bat
holamonnatt
\ Q CLOT ROH TN RIAL eB! ditiee OTM bie hic Est
ek nite Neate 40.0083 Red Marre Gey bd bio alstor hroi Lien Taran: rf ;
abu nadul wb Cove S 20 sidaihou yiniteny mint Mayol? filed Cnet’ Sb io Lia
a sy fi > 4 CET UE EV OV COT Bi 1) OE AN) EA La Mae ks ULAR BAe Abiko tn che) tl-iiale }
Hee le sik) are Ary dso cyst Path onlg otitis HN HAR CID D8. SPER EEE te ae TP reUbO FE pee) (Lelie outne LaORH eden Sr soa: ora
te i seb, ;
JO dy DewiG cue ie
‘ 4 ee ile ib 4 ro
AE EO OOO VON Mab soe IO
j ;
Al awit 3 é- . foo
ioy) sbwemy erolglalinih:
— (ie ED PT pene g
Hira CIE) at Ora
phy a ais iis an) nN
ei he oan: ‘
tu [
SHS SUCAOOS ANAS tt
HEY ail
Webel |
ERYTHRINA STRICTA. (Nat. order Leguminose.)
ERYTHRINA. Zinn.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx campanulate or cylindrical, obliquely truncate or slit on the upper side, entire or toothed.
Standard broad or long, erect or recurved, narrowed at the base, without appendages ; wings short, often minute or none ; keel short, the petals united or
free. Stamens all united at the base, the upper one often free from the middle, anthers reniform. Ovary stipitate, with several ovules, style subulate,
oblique at the end, with a small stigma. Pod stipitate, linear-falcate, acuminate, narrowed at the base, more or less contracted between the seeds, 2
valved, usually pithy between the seeds. Seeds distant, ovoid or oblong, with a lateral oblong hilum, not strophiolate. Erect trees or shrubs, rarely
tall herbs, the trunk, branches, and often the petioles armed with conical prickles. Leaflets 8, usually broad, entire or 3-lobed, the stipelle usually
gland-lik: Stipules small. Racemes axillary, or, if terminal, leafy at the base. Flowers large, usually red, in clusters of 2 or 3 on lateral nodes along
the peduncle. Bracts small or none.—Micropteryx, Duchassaingia and Macrocymbium, Walps. Stenotropis and] Hypaphorus, Hassk. Chirocalyxs
Meissn.
ERYTHRINA STRICTA. (Roxb.) A large tree armed with numerous white prickles, stipules falcate, petioles sometimes
prickly, leaves unarmed, leaflets glabrous entire, the terminal one reniform-cordate pointed ; racemes terminal horizontal, calyx spa-
thaceous entire acute short, vexillum about 10 times as long as the calyx and twice the length of the keel, keel 4-5 times longer
than the alz, its petals united. Stamens monadelphous with the sheath entire at the base, diadelphous upwards, ovary 4-8 ovuled,
legume usually 2-3 seeded. Rowb. Fl. Ind. iii. p. 251 ;—WA. Prod. p. 260.
This tree is very common on the western side of the Madras Presidency ; the wood is soft, light and spongy (as in all the other
Lirythrinas) ; it is employed as a substitute for deal, and is much in use in the manufacture of toys, trunks, &c. and is afterwards varnished, its
lorge pores admitting and retaining the varnish better than almost any other wood, the wood is not liable to warp, contract, or split.
PL: CLXW.
a
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45) dad ru ae . 1S dene f te ae ‘ V4 SER Oe a ae ae , a i fh: Se Weg hal
46 (OBER RSY, Nagy » Whe HS TAS VO LETS Mee Patan Le
Bian anos ih branes Use . Ad Valoups ot VOR pam st test Hive oud oe wolrolhh oteatht vals
Say ea) RUBIES Sy piidiiek ge: Honea) 9) oa ai S Slant tia ope ia ig al thas Yi Ooi etn
rant | TH Lat Aa) A GOKuAGT Snidt sodeT Rae eat aE ih. lee jt adi de bobooe't Don havboe kt wee
Can Dade
Proton eiban fs tay’ Sietponcy fete
(e Wibsulvnie, Shacryad iy lo eos: bite ect), ee anya ©
VOI CIO ie eo! ce Aue ovo pa 88) Ge Daa nu Si sater hore, sel al
Pal S- e
4
CASO tials aptia dite Bain ood 7 och nS ed bu A4 SG witol aelint Ook ubane glonyel
Olt LT Osea t ns Lisl baccpi aed al (ie Lonaewo OtHUdaE eliyity
id vee wend Lidravos
vs) avolliney
ty) a) 3a 35
chy seo aS, q
OI MANA, DUDE, GAR Dhaai) OKO SR waeMA TO: Grr ce TRAN Aue cv GML Soo hie ite 55 RHR Ne Loe IN
WoW Fe TINS SON AE OLN Ha. 4a EA MS A yb iki he Geo ch tO
5 ey NS SR KMRL 5 Si) : i er Beh fH i SED UEP, Keon cA ea ES 4
BUTEA FRONDOSA. (Nat. order Leguminose.)
BUTEA. Roxb.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx campanulate bilabiate, upper lip almost entire, lower 3-fid, vexillum ovate acute recurved inap-
pendiculate, ale falcate adhering to the keel, keel much incurved acute equalling the vexillum. Stamens diadelphous 9 and 1, the vexillum-one free,
anthers uniform, ovary sessile or shortly stipitate 2 ovuled, style elongate incurved, stigma small glandular, legume subsessile or stalked oblong or broadly
linear 2 valved and 1 seeded at the apex only, below flat compressed rather thin, indehiscent. Trees or lofty climbers, leaves pinnately 3 foliate, stipules
small caducous, flowers large orange or flame colored, fascicled in racemes or panicles.
BuTEA FRONDOSA. (Roxb.) A middling sized tree, trunk generally crooked covered with ash-colored spongy thick
scabrous bark, the middle stratum of which contains a red juice, young shoots downy, leaves alternate pinnately 3-foliate 8-16 inches
long, leaflets emarginate or rounded at the apex, curiaceous above shining and pretty smooth below slightly hoary, the 2 lateral oues
obliquely oval, 4-6 inches long 3-44 broad, the terminal one obovate and much larger than the others. Stipules small recurved downy,
stipels subulate, racemes simple lax terminal axillary and from nodes over the naked branchlets, pedicels about twice as long as the
calyx, calyx segments short slightly acute several times shorter than the tube, bractes lanceolate caducous, 1 below each pedicel and
2 below the calyx, corol densely pubescent 4-5 times larger than the calyx, of an orange red mixed with silvery down, vexillum ovate
acute, legume as in the generic character about 6 inches long downy. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. p. 244.
This tree is common throughout the dry jungles in this Presidency and in Bengal, Bombay and Ceylon ; wt isa very beautiful sight
when in full flower in March and April ; et is called Palas in Hindosianee, ond gave its name to the field of Plassey as it was covered with this
tree, in Teligu it is called Modugu, Thoras in Cunarese, and in Ceylon Gass-kaala, The wood somewhat resembles Teak in appearance, and
ws used for gun-powder churcoul, also for building gurposes and well curbs; a red colored astringent gum exudes from wounds made in the
bark and is officinal, and the flowers yreld wu dye ; ropes are made from the fresh fibre of the roots.
176
PL: CLXXVI
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Sa Bee, La
Ne 2 fSES
Lezryj/ey. Lilie:
Lisitea sp radia Keck, yi
Reon lined].
palin & Can snihieg NEGO VO Si INA xe eddie ¥ oblihi
cM Me Dio ld e iis pis svapaebut hokwonst Jub dyd Avid vier |
qisdaile food 7 Ord 8) oda salon haxoke Wdiw ntioic
Kh whan ASAT Bie d yah POY BSCE eat:
ARTS HEN baa a
RY
\ ‘ 4 Ae i A x
biyoane ahiilti ta. xs: NANT OE Sa ts eitiasy
ne Oto ning Wits raya kde oN Ol hails 2
a hikhsunste POG rd he Lyne Bios Day oil;
e
OHA HOLL OR Vito Obed SORT OIKK
AY NFS WOU COL AG SEY
un wee
y oh 4 4
SEE) ANSE OER Ne)
OR Sexy ~ ve a rf ‘oe y . "
Dyas aye ARLE dG) ann) VAS Coie BONN U SSIS NK Pa Fs HPA)
ca. Bx :
1 earns ‘las \iy pave
BY fr
PAW TI ANG
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ing
PONGAMIA GLABRA. (Nat. order Leguminosz.)
PONGAMIA. Vent.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx truncate. Standard orbicular, with inflexed auricles at the base ; keel slightly incurved,
obtuse. Upper stamen free at the base, connate with the others in a tube in the middle ; anthers uniform. Ovary nearly sessile, with 2 ovules ; style
incurved, stigma small, terminal. Pod broadly aud obliquely oblong or slightly falcate, thick but flat, 1-seeded, indehiscent, the sutures obtuse, without
wings. Seed reniform. Tree, leaves pinnate, without stipelle. Flowers in axillary racemes. Bracts very deciduous ; bracteoles minute or none.—
Galedupa, Lam.
PoNnGAMIA GLABRA. (Vent.) A middling sized tree, glabrous except a very slight pubescence on the inflorescence.
Leaflets 5 or 7, ovate, shortly and obtusely acuminate, usually broad, about 3 inches long, on a rather long petiole, but variable in
Racemes sometimes panicled, about 3-5 inches lorg. Flowers in pairs, the pedicels 2 to 4 lines long. Standard about $ inch
size.
Pod usually 14 to 2 inches long, and about 1 inch broad, sessile or nearly so, often somewhat falcate
diameter, lower petals shorter.
or with a very short incurved point. Benth. Syn. Dalb. 117.
This tree is most abundant throughout South India in the plains, also in Bengal, Bombay and Ceylon, generally on the banks of
streams or near water ; it is called Pongain Tamil ; Kaniga in Teligu, Karunj in Bombay, Magosl Karanda in Ceylon ; the wood is light, tough
and fibrous, coarse and even grained, of light yellowish brown color, not easily worked nor giving a smooth surface ; it is improvd in strength and
color by being seasoned in water ; a cubic foot unseasoned weighs 48 to 55 lbs., and 40 lbs. when seasoned, and its specific gravity is 640 ; it is
used for a variety of purposes, and the solid Wheels of the wodar carts are often made of it. An oil is expressed from the seed, which is used by
the natives for lamps, and it is an excellent cure for itch and mange ; the tree generally sheds tts leaves at the end of the cold season ; its flowers
which are a mixture of white and purple are produced in the hot season, and its seed ripens towards the end of the year. Cattle ure very fond of
the leaves, boughs stuck into the ground roct readily, and grass and almost everything else grow well under its shade.
Lhirep eg, Tilt:
Wee hI pie ae
Mi A
AY
AK < e
7 5 \ )
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ie <
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By eae afl) et YH
FON NODA eat Ath Tyas ereesh Dah
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ODIO ET SET NA ers il)
F900 eset kisay Ty
NTAT® BPO RP TG
SAMA aa E SM Abe
: ail , MBO pated ea Rise Pepe
) tals tron itat ¢ OAM tt Ng
aces
oe .MioaN mate HMC ahead
( Beuvaetinae eit ME Ge Bdge
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(iOS: Pon eb aot
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Soygu SE alas, ibe lis tou Adis
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ELBE RY ERAS
Hay sitioy MiGs
POINCIANA ELATA. (Nat. order Leguminosz.)
POINCIANA. Linn—GEN. CHAR. Sepals 5 equal or subequal united below into a very short cup-shaped somewhat persistent base,
petals 5 orbicular imbricate subequal or the upper one shaped differently from the others, stamens 10 free much longer than the petals, slightly villous at
the base, anthers, uniform, cells dehiscing longitudinally, ovary sessile free many-ovuled, style filiform or abbreviated, apex slightly clavate, stigma
truncate, legume elongate flatly compressed wingless 2 valved several seeded intercepted internally between the seeds, seed transverse oblong albuminous,
hilum small, testa hard. Cotyledons rather thick, radicle short straight exserted. Unarmed trees, leaves bipinnate, leaflets numerous small, stipules
inconspicuous, stipels none, flowers showy corymbosely racemed at the apex of the branches.
POINCIANA ELATA. (L.) A middling sized very showy tree, 20-30 feet, bark pretty smooth ash-colored, branches
numerous spreading much, leaves alternate bipinnate about 6 inches long, pinnz 2-8 pair opposite, leaflets 10-20 pair sessile opposite
linear glabrous about 4 lines long by 1 broad, petiole grooved on the upper side, racemes terminal corymbiform few flowered, flowers
large showy inodorous yellowish, bracts small 1 flowered caducous,.calyx villous on the outside, petals 5 of which the upper one is a
little smaller and deeper colored, all nearly round and much curled at the margin, filaments ascending afterwards recurved, twice as
long as the petals, thick and villous at the base, anthers versatile. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. p. 355.
A very beautiful tree, rather rare in our jungles, though met with in the forests of both the eastern and western coasts ; most abundant
in a planted state in avenues, topes, gardens, native cemeteries, dc. the wood is yellow, tolerably close and even grained, easily worked and gives
a smooth surface, warps slighily but never cracks ; a cubic foot unseasoned weighs 54-58 lbs., and when seasoned 45 lbs., the specific gravity
is ‘720, it as well suited for cabinet work.
PL: CLYXVIL
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(LUT WWs
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paieae ae UO UTAR | ed a Or
TE sowie bon te Oi Tass ord Poa muilbbins if,
we sabes sae Dice ENO Dao? Janey sine es Rey ( eotir) MELO oaniinty admiral oeko yng! eae: ae
yaks a : ¢ fe Mi veiee tae i q P ty
IG igi 3 eA ar) Boren i Mi Eeeow 1 | “Lassa bit pilinise arom vee
(i
{
ip eis an ale Hine Moe osial Yaw vinaeaiad eatsits en oaat 169. “otushinil ve eae tity salbiite
aa Dobirar Te Biorb Viale ye dulyivel
ihe, ty
g Guang) una Dum Bho wilt tirana aoligitiud cent 9ORY <a
ek 09 een ammebbersey wild Pie tous Loxolton ovesio9 dais weollaw etic, | WHE OH Blau
sist
cai f sy h05s do ate
re iL! ihamay Auttenih olivier y Y aitgeninte. ike Gy debts Dus AHN waite of
See ay BA modvnt eo botRnon hi a ‘aul Mowe ahsag on AH SHE ¢ Iai)
4 ea “7
Ve AN yt DHS, , AON Sc e nae TOON AGO Ny “ Ti Oe ee rend, %
DL TEIN NSO 9. Mracss NOMA ALAND Ab Noe afd gap me RUAMGRNY baste Sotyun
169 YAU BIONG 28.N) ms ~ i Te a Sih Bik:
seh Ht oy boston yy ah
ih Ws SVIVASR OVAL: Oy ld
me (uobbY KON Meo Noy Ad Hi HOMO GAG leh sKOpiid Ht
AMPS Punts
Aoshi WSS apie AO UF AMEN WNT A Ea LR
hae. hehe) big hous BS BRO A Wi
5 eA NY Kolyod SHINN Ue REA Tay |
Wiis 24 AV ORB BVA siya ONY A sion sick
T/AMEA P
CASSIA FLORIDA. (Nat. order Leguminose.)
CASSIA. Zinz.—GEN CHAR. Sepals 5, somewhat unequal, much imbricate, the outer ones the smallest, scarcely connected at the base,
gPetals 5, spreading, nearly equal or the lower outer ones rather larger. Stamens usually 10, free, either all nearly equal and perfect or 2 or 3 lower ones
larger or on jonger filaments, and 3 or 4 upper ones reduced to small staminodia ; anthers when perfect opening at the end in pores or in short lateral
slits. Ovary with several ovules, incurved, tapering into a short style. Pod cylindrical or flat, indehiscent or 2 valved. Seeds oblong or obovate, trans-
verse, with deshy albuimen, cotyledons flat or rarely folded, usually cordate ; radicle short, straight. Trees, shrubs or herbs, leaves abruptly pinnate, the
leaflets opposite. Flowers yellow or very rarely reddish-purple or white, in axillary or terminal racemes or solitary. Bracts usually deciduous. Bracteoles
none.—Cathartocarpus, Don. Senna, Gert. Chamefistula, Chamesenna, Chameecrista and Fistula, DC, Absus, Prososperma and Psilorhegma, Vog.
CASSIA FLORIDA. (Vahl.) A middling sized tree, trunk pretty straight and covered with smooth olive colored bark,
branches few spreading, leaves alternate pinnate 6-12 inches long, leaflets 4-14 pair short petioled opposite oblong entire somewhat
emarginate with a bristle point, smooth shining, the exterior pairs largest, 1-3 inches long by 4-1 inch broad, petioles smooth
channelled without glands, stipules minute subulate caducous, panicles terminal very large erect ovate composed of many alternate
corymbiform racemes, peduncles pubescent, flowers numerous large bright yellow, pedicels subtended by an oblong-lanceolate concave
long pointed bractevle, calyx segments unequal pale yellow roundish concave reflexed about 4rd the length of the coro), corol with the
upper petal small long clawed and obcordate, the other 4 nearly equal and almost round, stamens 7 fertile differing much in size and 3
barren and small, legumes linear thin, swelled a little at the seeds smooth, both margins rounded 6-8 inches long, seeds many thin
oval of a dark brown color. iWVA.-Prod. p. 288. Senna Sumatrana, Rowb. Fl. Ind. ii. p. 347.
This tree is common in u wild state in the jungles quite ar the south of this Presidency and in Ceylon, and it is common everywhere
as @ planted tree in avenues, topes, gurdens, &e., vt ws of rapid growth and ornamental, the wood is of a yellowish brown color, sometimes beautifully
marked with irregular bluck streaks, close grained, hard and durable, but not stif, works kindly with a smooth surface ane stands a good polish,
a cubic foot unseasoned weighs 68-70 (bs., and when seasoned 56 lbs., and its specific gravity is ‘928, it is well adapted for furniture but seems to
be little known or used in this Presidency, in Birmah it is used for mallets, helves and walking sticks, in Ceylon it is the principal fuel used for
the Locomotives, and it is said to have as good caloric powers as any wood known in the island. In Ceylon it is called Waa, and in Tamil
Manje konne. e :
We)
PL: GLAXIX.
Durappley Lith:
(v8 Bait (ities
POT HR tad he aaa
On (dubo tana vlOieelod: 0%) iH ZO
Soloauhay. Dit elon eneny ny 'siyiile:
apa Bolus Pare OS-OT alent
d F dvds tasids tod Snare oerhionm f weenicy fo bie
tellize eomaoa , Stitionns-jiriee soliqila Se obeliid heii, Pale Hayate!
nt y toil old sheslt “roflnare dour Juin Josibary oil Vag hag soive) & ele Minin ator!
orld Wolod « avin olduol) « ttiw deserpl axis. shunt aay We: vi Pay Boas’ Theo vbw ns
j ao euinbod-eoriny ind "4 ie Oey Pee oo edinty @ sttw
oa aes Beau watog Si
tiyd fishivih einhenyileds maroe fin eovod nawid ab AWD. (AN eOUIT Bae) sand ;
Bt pe be gal Keno at. Oaky
Smo wntonigany piven’) eh
wa itiod (Aloaninn potbeant shuapet
AG UTR LIMEN Rid easton Lee
a thay Hg" + n Rites
chy OOO Syd OL MRE aie i aang
\ sn
EA WNISSS Ve SA AG 2
HIS ws hy # Yrorsyerd eiiossninat iH) Says
DME AW ssn0d losiksoory zi ti MOOOR I Koha 4 ey od
ei had Aroha’ UL DIG a viata Ne Shy \sh ener SU. ATERARY Yi js ti,
aie
it Movitieg D7, he ay Sa ise ade
ty, at Son ae 8 jing Deo si OSAE Nesey ae) Yea AES
BINGEN NG Eni ash Biuheabsnees \e 10) Sih RoHS
Sa EaeamitRteT e RTCA SNNANt sty aA) MNS ity MRR yy
Dnediity Vis avi ¢
CASSIA ROXBURGHII. (Nat. order Leguminosz.)
For Gen. Char. sec letter press to PJ. clxsis.
Cassia ROxXBURGHII. (DC.) Asmall or middling sized tree, tolerably straight, covered with deeply cracked brown
colored bark, branches numerous beautifully drooping, young shoots with the petioles and peduncles pubescent, ieaves alternate
pinnate 6-10 inches long, leaflets 10-20 pairs oblong unequal sided obtuse or emarginate aud mucronate, pubescent beneath, about 1
inch long by § inch broad, the margins colored and slightly thickened, petioles channelled, stipules semi-saggitate, racemes axillary
solitary much shorter than the leaves, bractes 3 lanceolate the 2 inner on the base of the pedicel and much smaller than the other,
flowers middling sized pink, petals nearly equal, stamens all fertile, the 3 lower much the largest with a double curve below the
middle and the anthers with 2 clefts, the 7 upper ones short incunbent with the anthers opening by 2 pores, legumes pendulous
indehiscent cylindric 8-12 inches long 6-8 lines in diameter, dark brown to-ose and somewhat ligneous, divided by transverse parti-
tions into many cells, seeds lodged in a soft white spongy substance. WA. Prod. p. 286. Cassia emarginata, Rowb, Fl. Ind. ii. 338.
This tree is very common in a wild state in the South Arcot, Trichinopoly, Tanjore, and Tinnevelly districts ; it is extensively
planted in gardens for ornamental purposes, and is to be seen in most compounds at Madras ; when in flower it is exceedingly beautiful, it is also
wild in Ceylon, and is there calld Ratu-waa, the wood is close grained, hard und durable, works smoothly and stands a good polish, when fresh it
is deep rose colured but eventually turns reddish brown. A cubic foot unseasonzd weighs 75-80 lbs., ard when seasoned 63 lbs., and its specific
gravity ts 1:008 ; it ts well adapted for articles of turnery, such as naves of wheels and handles of instruments.
180
Durnzley dntl fe:
i ne Ha i
ji VaR:
; neha
ie at
0) Weisiey abe { BH iit ou
Wego PAP Ho Riedie bus daz Wine
oe” aan iit ,
Cums) s
Mcbasey
@ lailyO-ohnye weno Aer
exh ohiply iis peancrbtlts ni ta D
BN roses SG
AVEO typ
|
dS ASS
SRL SEE
RUTH Say Gee ith
Seay)
Mas ORGS GUL aT)
ay = (snes 1%
alias eloviey any is Shy *
Si 8 Sawin:
Ch hoary
i
DIALIUM OVOIDEUM. (Nat. ord. Leguiminosz.)
DIALIUM. Zinn.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx tube very short, segments 5 much imbricate herbaceous or petaloid, petals 0 or 1-2 small,
stamens 2 rarely 3 free, filaments short, anthers oblong erect affixed at the base, cells dehiscing longitudinally, ovary sessile at the bottom of the calyx, or
on astipe adnate to the calyx tube, 2-ovuled, style short subulate, stigma terminal small, legume ovato-orbicular, slightly compressed or ovoid-globose
indehiscent, exocarp hard or fragile, endocarp generally pulpy. Seed 1, more or less compressed albuminous, cotyledons flat foliaceous or slightly fleshy,
radicle short straight subincluded. Trees unarmed, leaves unequally pinnate, leaflets few generally alternate coriaceous, or submembranaceous, stipules
small or inconspicuous, flowers small in axillary or terminal cymose panicles, bractes and bracteoles deciduous.—Codarium, Soland. Arouna, Audi.
DIALIUM OVOIDEUM. (Thw.) A very large tree, leaflets 5 lanceolate, retuse at the apex, glabrous above, sparingly and
very minutely puberulous beneath, 2-3 inches long 3-13 broad, petiolule tumid 2 lines long, panicles terminal adpressedly incano-pilose
longer than the leaves, bracteoles lanceolate soon deciduous, flowers white about 3 lines long a little longer than the pedicels, sepals
ovate-lanceolate, petals none, anthers extrorse, ovary sessile on an inconspicuous ring-like disk, stigma obtuse, legume ovoid dark
brown velutinous sparingly compressed subsessile, 7-8 lines long by 5-6 lines broad, seeds 1-2 roundish compressed striated shining
yellowish or reddish-brown, 4 lines long. Thw. En. Pl. Zeyl. p. 97.
A valuable timber tree, only found in Ceylon (districts north of Kandy, at no great elevation), called Gal-Seyembala ; the wood is strong
and handsome, und well adapted for ornamental furniture ; the fruit has an agreeable acid flavour, and is sold in the bazaars.
Analysis.
1. A very young flower-bud, showing the 2 bracteoles which are early deciduous.
2, A flower.
3. The same open, showing the 5 sepals, 2 stamens, and the ovary.
5. The same, sepals removed.
6. Anthers.
7. Ovary cut vertically.
8. A fruit branch.
9. Fruit cut vertically,
10. A seed.
181
PL CL YXKE
7
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4
———
aa
by BAI
a
i
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sey
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PR ide wr WOES
a eh aes KY AAV BO,
PM AEAO KE, 41.
: ae | 4s
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cope ae
HA
Pr sm bt
BAUHINIA RACEMOSA. (Nat. order Leguminose.)
BavuHINIA. JZinn.—GEN. CHAR. Sepals united at the base in a short or long disk-bearing tube, the free part spathaceous and subentire
or separating into 5 or fewer valvate oriuduplicate lobes, petals 5 inserted at the summit of the tube usually clawed often more or less unequal, stamens
10 free or more or less monadelphous, either all perfect or some 1educed to staminodia or altogether wanting, sometimes there is an inner verticil (prolong-
ation of the torus) nearly entire or cut into short bristle-like threads, ovary stipitate the stipe free or adnate to one side of the calyx-tube, ovules several ;
style filiform or rarely wanting, stigma capitate or dilated, legume linear or oblong compressed, 2 valved, seeds compressed, albumen usually thin, radicle
short and straight. Trees, woody climbers or shrubs, leaflets 2, generally united into a 2-lobed or nearly entire leaf with 5-11 digitate nerves or rarely
distinct from the base, racemes terminal.—Piliostigma, Hochstett. Phanera, our. Symphyopoda, DC. Pauletia, Cav. Amaria, Mutisin DC. Casparia,
DC. Uasiobenia, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. parti. 71. Adenolubus, Harvey. Schnella, Raddi. Caulotretus, DC. Lacara, Spreng. Tylotia, Vog. Lysiphyllum,
Fenth. Perlebia, Mart.
BatHINIA RACEMOSA. (Lam.) A small tree, bark dark scabrous, leaves cordate at the base, upper side glabrous, under
shortly villous or glabrous, leaflets roundish or broadly obovate, united to or beyond the middle 3-nerved, racemes solitary terminal or
leaf opposed, leafless much longer than the leaves ; flowers scattered small whitish, calyx spathaceous at length reflexed 5 toothed at the
apex pubescent, petals linear lauceolate ascending, slightly hairy on the outside, rather unequal, stamens 10 all fertile, monadelphous,
unequal, filaments and anthers bearded with longish hairs, ovary glabrous long stalked, stalk free, style none, stigma flat sessile, legume
linear straightish or curved woody thick scarcely dehiscing, many seeded, Lam. Encycl. Meth. i. p. 390;—WA. Prod. p. 295.
B. parviflora, Vahl. ;—Itoxb. HI. Ind. ii. 328. Piliostigma racemosa, Hoch.
TVhisis generally a crooked very ramous tree ; it is very common throughout this Presidency, and in Bombay, Bengal, Duriah and
Ceylon, and ascends the mountains to about 3,000 feet ; it ds called Aree in Teligu, Archeein Tumil, Aupia in Bomboy, Ban raj in Bengal, and
Myla in Ceylon; the wood is small, but the heart-wood is very hard and fine, a cubie foot weighs when seasoned 44 lbs. Matchlock-men almost
always make their slow matches from its bark, which is boiled, dried, and beuten, and then burns well and slowly, without any substance being
mixed with it ; ropesare also made from the burk ; the tree is said to be worshipped by the Hindoos during the Dussera in the Bombay presidency,
and is sometimes called Wund rajuh (King of the jungle). Elephants are very fond of the leaves and they are sometimes used for making native
cigars.
, | ”
hii CLEA
( opomtiange aL. hte eV, LA RAP TOM
tig eabaaty: 2 EES
OMNI AO sr) ROC DIRE SoDies pint BONE etsy wdnontil anti Boe Denner a Geeta ae
r < © ni ‘ td a f f 'e i; ™ ¥ * '
spaboazs Sieh Oi) do AOC DT Re 10 ESI NC Lhd O13 10 SBA BeMeaIS juiiberl tvent aduacenty uf any “a je RON
gia
Vint ite ty Hiern Pi yare
rf ie qimeaeeies par
Aste Gon) WinNT sirgebotl— meaeraltsol
10, plotrioils =H Pudidels setaaalto Beate Mtosarliii zi
hopgainess
To. ged oe 1 WOME aids ie brake
Oy ROMA iKLObK ao 1165 } if
Aa au MOL eomigont HiAde wio¢ 0 cnianeao
Eb CY
Gt isaol doin f ott xabnole elooimer |
“: HL oti
co
MEO ¢ miiorino2 Lbedind & edit ddolle Uttar Kylod xvino *
{ t
peat perce Hos ,eodel xyleo arlt ces Pe TEMCr adiip e 1
{5 OG dgooxs AMOK ATE Bo hs iso ods to 24 qe sath
Sh. Saovonslins emnpol-.od [ aes HR Un
a aD leyeannih Sesvek
Dhar shows Drop AG er Sahay Ob Sgn:
HUMBOLDTIA UNIJUGA. (Nat. order Leguminose,)
HUMBOLDTIA. Vakil.—GEN, CHAR. The disk-bearing tube of the calyx turbinate or narrow, segments 4 subequal colored imbricate,
petals either 5 subequal sessile oblong imbricate, or 3 subequal, and 2 rudimentary or wanting, stamens 5 perfect with or without as many alternate teeth-
like staminodes, or 10 perfect, filaments free inserted either at the base of the calyx tube or at the apex of the disk, exserted, anthers ovate or oblong
versatile, cells dehiscing longitudinally, ovary stipitate, stipe adnate to the calyx tube. few ovuled, style filiform, stigma terminal clavato-capitate. Legumes
oblong oblique or falcate compressed coriaceous 2-valved, seed transverse ovate compressed exarillate, albumen of cotyledons flat, radicle short straight,
included. Large or niiddting sized trees unarmed, leaves abruptly pinnate, stipules foliaceous obliquely reniform~-or semisagittate, flowers racemose,
bractes ovate or oblong, bracteoles colored enclosing the flower bud.—Batschia, Vahl. (not Linn.)
HUMBOLDTIA UNIJUGA. (Bedd.) A tree, young parts minutely strigose otherwise glabrous, leaves alternate abruptly
pinnate, common petioles about 2 lines long, leafiets only one pair with a flat depressed gland at their insertion on the apex of the
petioles, sub-sessile narrow-lanceolate very unequal at the base, and with a long acumination at the apex, 5-7 inches long 14 to 2
broad, stipule semi-ovate acuminate very unequal sided about 4 inch long, flowers crimson on very short racemes from the trunk and
older boughs and more rarely from the younger branchlets, peduncles 4 to 1 inch long, pedicels slender 4 to 1 inch long furnished
with 2 oblong minutely pubescent bracteoles at the apex just below the calyx, calyx with a short tube 5 parted, segments oblong more
than twice as‘long as the bracteoles minutely pubescent, corol 5 parted, one half longer than the calyx lobes, broad oblong, stamens 5
all fertile inserted aiternate with the petals on to the hairy apex of the calyx tube, filaments glabrous except at their base, staminodia
none, ovary stipitate hairy 2-3 ovuled, stipe adnate to the wall of the calyx tube, legume unknown. edd. Icones tab, 107.
This very handsome middling sized tree I have only found on the Travancore ghats in the dense forests alittle below the Attraymallay, -
2000-4000 feet elevation, but most abundant in that locality ; it was in flower in January and is said to yield a very hard durable timber.
Fig. A in the plate is the legume of H. Brunonis,
183
— ES
SSNS Sas
Awe ORs iene SIE SNORTED iG De eet Ee na aE
A!
Hine
Hoe tive 4
povael pool wiibnany x
bead ontGs bol
eH Leia. oy
Aprret reine aw Hotols
Huiighes hie Fes dames
Laven es
* F > Ag ‘Sa | ‘ \ - 4 algal.
i) p PI x ee ere eae k 4 Aa a oe he ! re) wali tere Uiseb | he thee
Bente Sass tg ebb ya 5 ae 2 Mivine Ph ooh Mesinisth 6 ona moeiLe Ble peasy
‘ iy, ? ‘ Mth 4 \ : hi Bea
Ay AWA RR watt SNH R Di
Pkeaein an Wis Wa Boh ben
ee RAR Loa
a) Oh ML A TA
Be Timwoaies ie! Haye sap
TAMARINDUS INDICUS. (Nat. order Leguminose.)
TAMARINDUS. JLinn.—GEN. CHAR. Sepals 4, united at the base into a turbinate tube, the free portion or segments much imbricate.
Petals 3, the lateral ones ovate, the upper inner one narrower, concave. Stamens incurved, united ina sheath to the middle, 3 or rarely 2 only perfect,
with ovate anthers, 4 or 5 others reduced to short teeth. Ovary stipitate, with several ovules ; style inflexed, rather thick, with a truncate stigma. Pod
linear or oblong-linear, curved thick, but slightly compressed, the epicarp crustaceous and fragile, the mesocarp pulpy, the endocarp thick and fleshy,
forming complete partitions between the seeds. Seeds broadly ovate, flattened ; testa rather thick ; albumen none, embryo straight, with a short radicle.—
Trees, Leaves abruptly pinnate. Flowers in terminal racemes.
TaMARiNnDus INDICUS. (Linn.) A very large tree, with a beautiful spreading head, leaves about 4-5 inches long
by 1-14 inches broad glabrous but pale or glaucous, leaflets 10-20 pairs oblong-linear obtuse unequal-sided at the base 3-2 inch long by
about 8 lines broad, petiolules generally hairy, stipules small deciduous, racemes short and loose, really terminal but usually in very
short branchlets so as to appear lateral aud shorter than the leaves, flowers cream colored or yellowish, blotched with crimson, about 1
inch in diameter, bracts very deciduous, calyx segments about 4 lines long, petals rather longer, pod about 1 inch broad varying in
length according to the number of seeds ripened, usually 2 or 3. DC. ii. 488 ;—Benth. Fl. Aust. ii. p. 294. T. occidentalis, Gaertn.
T, officinalis, Hook.
This tree, the only species of the genus, is common both wild and cultivated throughout Tropical Asia and also in Africa and Australia,
and cultivated inthe West Indies, itis perhaps our finest tree for avenue and tope purposes, but its slow growth is somewhat against it; its fruit
yields a considerable revenue in some districts, the heart wood is generally of small diameter, very hard close grained and sometimes beautifully
veined of a dark-reddish color and hard to be worked, unseasoned it weighs 92-98 lbs. the cubic foot, and when seasoned 79 lbs. and its specific -
gravity ts 1:264, it is much used for turnery purposes and for pestles, oil presses, sugar crushers, carpenter's mallets and planes, croquet mallet
heads and balls, ond many other purposes, and is one of the best fuels for brick kilnsas it burns whilst green ; and is esteemed as excellent for
gunpowder charcoal, the heart wood is only procurable from very old trees ; the sap wood is of a dirty white color not durable and if not seasoned
in water gets worn eaten. The leaves, fruit and seed are used medicinally by the natives, anda dye is prepared from the leaves, a paste made of
the seeds reduced to fine powder and boiled with thin glue forms one of the strongest wood cements. The tree is called Amli in Hindustanee,
Chinta in Telugu, Pooli in Tamil, Seyembaluin Ceylon, and Ma-gyi in Birmah, it attains a girth of 25 feet but has never any great length of
trunk.
184
PL: CLYXXIV.
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DICHROSTACHYS CINEREA. (Nat. order Leguminose.)
DICHROSTACHYS. DC.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, valvate, usually cohering. Stamens in the perfect flowers 10, free ;
anthers ovate, tipped with a deciduous gland. Ovary nearly sessile, with several ovules; style short or filiform, with a small terminal stigma. Lower
flowers of the spike neuter, with long, linear white or colored staminodia, and a small rudimentary ovary, pod linear compressed, variously twisted, inde-
hiscent or the valves irregularly separating from the persistent sutures.—Small trees or rigid shrubs, the branchlets occasionally spinescent. Leaves ab-
ruptly bipinnate, with a stipitate gland between the pinn of the lowest or of all the pairs, leaflets small. Stipules subulate or acuminate, often imbricate
ou the short flowering branches. Flowers sessile, in dense cylindrical spikes, either terminal or apparently axillary by the shortness of the branchlet, the
upper flowers of the spike hermaphrodite and yellow, the lower ones neuter and white pink or purple. Benth. Fl. Aust. vol, ii. p. 299. Cailliea, Guill. et
Perr.
DICHROSTACHYS CINEREA. (WA.) A small tree or large shrub, spinescent, leaves 1-3 inches long with the petiole
generally pubescent, pinuss 8-12 pair % to 1 inch long, leaflets 12-20 pairs crowded oblong-linear slightly falcate 1 to 2 lines long ciliat-
ed and often hairy, spikes solitary or 2-3 together pedunculate 1-3 inches long, peduncle pubescent and generally with a bracteole about
the middle, hermathrodite, flowers about 1 line long without the stamens which are twice or thrice as long, neuter flowers with very long
gtaminodia, legume 2-3 inches long 3-4 lines wide, irregularly twisted viscid-pubescent or glabrous. WA. Prod. p. 271 ;—Wight Icones
tab, 357. Mimosa cinerea, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 561. Desmanthus cinereus, Willd. Acacia cinerea, Spreng.
A very common tree or shrub in dry arid soils in the plains and lower hills throughout the presidency, also in Bengal, Bombay, Ceylon,
the Archipelago and N. Australia ; it is called Vadatalla in Tamil, Velturu in Telugu, and Andara in Ceylon. The flowers are very showy, the
upper half of the spike being yellow, the lower rose colored ; the wood is very hard, tough and strong, but too small to be of much use, it makes good
tent pegs.
Analysis.
A neuter flower shewing the long staminodia.
A fertile flower.
The same, calyx opened, stamens removed.
A corol opened.
Corol and the 10 free stamens.
RS. o>
Ovary and style.
Ovary cut transversely .
The same cut vertically. ;
Anthers shewing the glandular tips (which are deciduous) all much magnified,
G GO SI Gd i ge Go
=
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Legumes.
va ia)
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Pome ime
XYLIA DOLABRIFORMIS. (Nat. order Leguminose.)
‘ XYLIA. Benth.—GEN, CHAR. Flowers 5-merous sessile generally hermathrodite, calyx tubuloso-campanulate dentate, petals quite free to
the base, slightly imbricate at the side in the centre. Stamens 10 alternately a little shorter, free, exserted, anthers oblongo-orbicular, gland-tipped a4 the
apex (from the connective at the back) glands deciduous, pollen-grains numerous, ovary sessile many-ovuled, style filiform, stigma terminal small, lesume
sessile broadly falcate, flatly compressed thick woody 2-valved, partitioned between the seeds inside; seed transverse obovate compressed, funicle short
fleshy. A large tree unarmed, leaves bipinnate, pinnz l-occasionally 2-pair, leaflets large few paired, glands between the pinnee and leaflets, and on the
petiole below the pinne, stipules small linear deciduous, capitula globose, peduncles axillary sub-fasciculate, or racemose at the apex of the branches,
flowers small yellowish or cream colored. Benth. in Hook Journ. Bot. iv. 417.
A genus consisting of a single species, the long stalked glands to the anthers are always present in the bud, they a8 soon deciducus but
can be detected on some of the anthers in the full flower.
XYLIA DOLABRIFORMIS. (Benth.) A large tree, unarmed, leaves bipinnate, pinne generally only 1-rarely 2-pair, a
gland on the petiole near the base and 1 between each pair of pinne, leaflets 2-6 (generally 3-4) pair with or without an odd one on the
outside below the pairs, ovate-oblong acute with a gland on the petiole between each pair, the leaflets are gradually larger upwards, the
terminal pair being sometimes 9-10 inches long, peduncles 3-4 inches long, capitula about 1 inch in diameter, legumes 4-6 inc hes long
14-12 broad, valves very thick and woody.—Inga xylocarpa, DC: Prod. ii. p, 439, Mimosa xylocarpa, Rob. Fl. Ind. ii. 543, Acacia
xylocarpa, Willd.
This tree is widely distributed in the forests of the Madras Presidency, it is abundant and of large size in some parts of the Godavery
forests, and on the lower western slopes of the mountains in South Canara, Malabar and Travancore ; and in the forests at the foot of the South
Canara and Malabar ghais it is often very gregarious forming forests of iself to the exclusion of almost all other trees, but it is seldom of Jine
growth when found in this state ; it is generally known by its Tamil name of Irool, and is called Konda tangedu in Teligu (the Circars), Boja in
the Godavery forests, and Tirwa in Canarese (S. Canara) ; it flowers in March and April when destitute of leaves, and: ripens tis seed in August
and September, the wood is of a very dark red color fading to dark brown, heavy, hard, close grained, and not easily worked, when planed up the
surface has an unctuous feel and not very agreeable smell. A cubic foot unseasoned weighs 68-74 lbs. and 58 lbs. when seasoned and its specific gra~
vity is *928, it is excellent for posts, railway sleepers, naves of wheels, and all purposes demanding great strength, and is in use for building pur-
poses. This tree is found in Birmah where it is called Pynkado and is known as the ironwood of Pegu and is said to last as long as teak, it is
used there for knees in ship building, house and bridge posts, ploughs, boat anchors, the construction of curts, and other purposes.
Analysis,
Apex of a young branch shewing a leaf with 2 pair of pinns.
A flower.
The same calyx cut open, shewing the free petals slightly imbricate at the sides.
Corol opened out.
Anthers, front and back view, shewing the stalked gland arising from the connective at the back.
Anthers from a bud.
The petals.
Ovary and style. ;
Ovary cut vertically.
The same cut transversely.
oO ONS oP ob
a
=
186
PL CLONAL
Leiryey, Tite
2 ; Bs * 4 Sel? ’ eo, : nih
: Le A oa
PEPATOM A ete 8h
ioe hainye wiient
i a Whkaay
yom he
ri
¥
PERICOPSIS MOONIANA. (Nat. order Leguminosee.)
PERICOPSIS. Thw.—GEN. CHAR. Lobes of the calyx subequal or the 2 superior a little smaller and subconnate, vexillum broadly
orbicular reflexed, alay falcato-obovate, keel incurved obtuse, petals free, stamens 10 free, anthers versatile, ovary stipitate many-ovuled, style subulate
involute at the apex, stigma small, legume stipitate, broadly linear flatly compressed coriaceous indehiscent with the sutures with a thickened margin,
seed much compressed broadly ovate or orbicular, cotyledons obliquely cordate at the base.
A tree with the habit of Ormosia, leaves unequally pinnate, leaflets alternate, flowers blackish-purple, panicles terminal,
Pericopsis Moonrana. (Thw.) A very large tree, branches white-dotted, gemme pilose, leaves 8-14 inches long, the
petiole and petiolules pilose when young, leaflets 5-8 glabrous ovate or oblong acuminate paler beneath minutely reticulate, 24-7 inches
long 14-3 broad, stipules lanceolate pilose deciduous 2 lines long, panicles terminal, calyx 7 lines long, flowers 1 inch long, legumes 1-6
seeded smooth, obscurely reticulated, 1 inch broad thickened, margins 1 line broad. Thw. Hn. Pl. Zey.p. 418. Dalbergia Mooniana,
Thu. l. c. p. 98.
This is a very valuable timber tree common about Colombo and the southern and central parts of Ceylon at no great elevation, the timber is
used for building purposes and for furniture, and the tree ts called Nadoong.
187
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PITHECOLOBIUM DULCE. (Nat. order Leguminose.)
PITHECOLOBIUM. Mart—GEN. CHAR. Calyx campanulate or tubular. Corolla 5-lobed, with a cylindrical tube. Stamens indefinite,
usually numerous and long, united at the base in a tube enclosing the ovary. Pod flattened, usually rather thick and much curved, annular or spirally
twisted, either opening entirely or on the outer edge in 2 valves, or quite indehiscent, very smooth and often coloured inside or withathin pulp. Seeds
oyate or orbicular; funicle filiform. Trees or rarely shrubs, unarmed or armed with short straight stipulary thorns. Leaves twice pinnate, usually with
a gland on the petiole below the pinnz, and others between or below some or all of the pinne and leaflets ; leaflets few. Flowers in globular or oblong
heads or umbels, or rarely in cylindrical spikes, usually hermaphrodite and white, the stamens rarely red. Cathormium, Hassk.
This genus only differs from Albizzia in its legume, from Acacia it is at once distinguished by the stamens being united ina tube. The Ameri-
ean genus Inga differs from Pithecolobium only in its leaves being always simply pinnate.
PITHECOLOBIUM DULCE. (Willd.) A good sized tree up to 40 feet high and 6 feet in girth, extreme branches
pendulous armed with short straight stipulary thorns, leaves bipinnate, pinne: and leaflets each one pair, leaflets oblong very unequal
sided obtuse with a gland between the pinne and between the pairs of leaflets, petiole shorter than the leaflets ; flowers capitate, heads
shortly pedunculate, racemose, the racemes panicled, legumes turgid twisted, seeds glabrous and smooth imbedded in a firm pulp.—
Inga dulcis, Willd ;—WA. Prod. p. 269, Mimosa dulcis, Rowb. Fl, Ind. ii. 556,
This tree is supposed to have been introduced from the Philippine Islands, but it is now most common throughout this Presidency ; it
is one of our best coppice fuels and is largely grown for that purpose and is also much used as a hedge plant. A cubic foot of unseasoned
wood weighs 50-53 lbs. and when seasoned 40 lbs., and its specisic gravity is °640, itis hard, coarse grained and brittle, of a reddish brown color,
and when savn emits an unpleasant odour ; it is used for country carts, packing boxes, and the pannelling of doors. The tree is called Karka-
pilly in Tamil and is often called the Manilla tamarind by Europeans.
188
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PITHECOLOBIUM ANAMALLAYANUM. (Nat. order. Leguminose.)
For Gen. Char. see letter-press to Pl. clxxxviii.
PirgECOLOBIUM ANAMALLAYANUM. (Bedd.) A large spreading tree, branches panicles and petioles fusco-pubes-
cent, young branches angled, leaves 4-9 inches long with 4-12 pair of pinnz which are 3 to 4 inches in length, a large raised deeply
concave gland is present on the petiole near its base on the upper side, and one smaller one in the centre of several of the interspaces
between the insertion of the pairs of pinne (these latter generally occupy alternate interspaces), leaflets 10-22 pair subcoriaceous linear-
oblong very oblique at the base and apex, glabrous above except on the margin, costa. beneath furnished with longish hairs otherwise
glabrous, panicles subcorymbiform terminal and several together in the upper axils, capitula many flowered, calyx and corol aureo-
pubescent on the outside, the latter 3-4 times as long us the former, ovary on a long stipe pubescent.
This very beautiful tree with its large spreading head is very conspicuous in the moist woods on the higher ranges of the Anamallays
(5000-8000 feet,) and other hills to the south of them, but I never observed it on the Nilgiris or anywhere north of the Palghat gap; except in its
much more numerous pinne, it is closely allied to P. subcoriaceum (Thw.), and I was inclined to refer it to that species, but Dr. Thwaites (to whom
LT have forwarded specimens) thinks ti very distinct.
189
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CRUDIA ZEYLANICA. (Nat. order Leguminose.)
CRUDIA, Schreb,—_ GEN. CHAR. Calyx tube short, segments 4 membranaceous imbricate reflexed when in flower, petals none, stamens
10 or rarely fewer free, filaments filiform, anthers ovate or oblong, cells dehiscing longitudinally, ovary shortly stipitate, stipe free at the bottom of the
ealyx or obliquely affixed to one side of the tube, few ovuled, style filiform short or elongate, stigma terminal small, legume obliquely orbicular, ovate or
broadly oblong, flatly compressed, rigidly coriaceous 2-valved, margins often thickened, seed 1-2 large orbicular or subreniform, flatly compressed emargi-
nate at the side near the hilum, albumen none, cotyledons flat, radicle short straight included, Unarmed trees, leaves unequally pinnate, leaflets alternate
coriaceous or membranaceous, stipules small and very caducous, or foliaceous and persistent, flowers small racermose.—Crudia, DC. Pryonia, Wig. FV.
Ind. Bot. i. part 1. Apalatoa, 4ub/—? Tonchiroa, Aubé,
CRUDIA ZEYLANICA. (Thw.) A large tree, glabrous, leaflets 2-6 ovate or oblong obtusely acuminate, slightly
oblique at the base rounded, paler beneath, very minutely reticulated 2-6 inches long, racemes terminal many flowered spar-
ingly pilose, from shorter to nearly as long as the leaves, pedicels 2 lines long, minutely bibracteolate at the middle, flowers crowded,
sepals 2 lines long rounded persistent, filaments alternately shorter ; anthers rotundate, ovary stipitate, palely fusco-tomentose, 3-4
ovuled, style filiform glabrous, stigma small, legume (immature) oblong slightly faleate—Detarium Zeylanicum, Zhw. Hn. Pl. Zeyl.
p. 414,
This large tree has only been found in Ceylon (Galpaata near Caltura) ;my specimens are only in bud, and I have not been able io
procure full grown flowers for analysis.
190
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PARINARIUM INDICUM. (Nat. order Rosacez.)
PARINARIUM. Juss.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx-lobes 5, imbricate. Petals 5, rarely 4. Stamens numerous or rarely few, all perfect or those
on one side reduced to small stamiuodia, filaments filiform ; anthers small, Ovary of a single carpel, adnate on one side to the mouth of the calyx-tube
and protruding from it, more or less completely 2-celled, with 1 erect ovule in each cell ; style from the base of the ovary. Drupe ovoid or spherical, the
endocarp bony. Seeds 1 or 2, erect.—Trees. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, entire. Stipules deciduous, usually small. Flowers white or pink, in cymes
forming terminal raceme-like or corymbose panicles. Benth. I'l. Aust, ii. p. 426. Petrocarya, Jack.’ Grymania, Presl. Maranthes, Blume. TExitelia,
Blume. epidocarya, Korth. Balantium, Desv. Entosiphon, Bedd.
Parinarium Lypicum. (Bedd.) A middling sized tree, glabrous except the inflorescence, leaves alternate elliptic to
lanceolate entire glabrous, slightly undulate, 8-9 inches long by 3 broad, with 2 glands at the base on the under side close above
the petiole, petiole } to 4 inch, racemes slightly pubescent, shorter than the leaves, leaf opposed or terminal, flowers white
subsessile 3 bracteated, outer bract large ovato-lanceolate 2 inner ones linear-lanceolate, calyx tube infundibuliform, divisions 5
imbricate lanceolate acuminate subequal pilose, petals 5 inserted into the jaws of the calyx, between its divisions and the stamen tube,
and alternate with the former, ovate pointed imbricate equal, a little shorter than the calycine lobes, stamen-tube lining the inside of
the calyx and connate with it to its base densely hairy inside, stamens 12-15 all together on one side of the tube near the ovary,
filaments glabrous, twice the length of the calyx induplicate in estivation, anthers 2-celled bursting longitudinally, the rest of the
stamen tube is furnished with teeth-like staminodia along its margin, ovary connate with the tube near the summit, very hairy 2-celled,
cells 1-ovuled, ovules erect, style lateral or almost basal, glabrous except at the base, longer than the stamens. Bedd. Ic. p. 22, and
tab. cix. Entosiphon, Bedd. in Mad. Lit. Journ.
Lhave only found this tree on the Wynad slopes (Malabur), Carcoor ghat and its vicinity 2000-3000 feet elevation, nothing is known
of wis timber or uses.
191
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PHOTINIA NOTONIANA. (Nat. order Resacez.)
PHOTINIA. Lindley.—GEN.’CHAR. Calyx-tube campanulate or turbinate, adhering to the ovary, the limb short persistent 5-toothed, petals
5 spreading, stamens about 20 inserted into the jaws of the calyx, filaments subulate, ovary inferior or the apex free, 2-5 (rarely 1) celled with 2 erect
ovules in each cell, styles 2-5 (rarely 1) free or more or less connate at the base their apices dilated truncate and stigmatic, fruit succulent crowned with
the remains of the calyx teeth, endocarps thin usually 1 celled with 2 rather small oblong seeds, seeds erect, testa membranaceous or coriaceous, cotyledons
plano-convex. Trees or shrubs unarmed glabrous or pubescent, leaves simple coriaceous evergreen, serrated or entire, stipules sometimes subfoliaceous,
flowers small white or terminal corymbs or panicles, fruit sometimes edible. —Hriobotrya, Lindl.
PxHoTiniA NOTONIANA. (Wall.) Alarge tree, leaves glabrous from cuneate-lanceolate to oblong acute, quite entire or
with a few scattered inconspicuous teeth, 4-6 inches long by 2-2 broad, petioles about 14 inches long, panicles corymbose large very
compound, puberulous, pedicels shorter than the calyx, cells of the ovary spuriously semi-bilocular, fruit glabrous 2 seeded. WA.
Prod. p. 302 ;—- Wight Icones tab. 991 ;—Wiaght il. tab. 85.
A very handsome tree, very common at the higher elevations on the Nilgiris, Anamailays, Pulnies and on the Ceylon mountains, it
flowers in March and April and its fruit ripens in June and July, the latter in taste and flavor resembles that of the mountain ash. The tree
ts called Kaddi bikki by the Burghers on the Nilgwis, the timber is adapted for cabinet purposes, it is closely allied to, if distinct from, P. inte-
grifolia, Lindley.
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CARALLIA INTEGERRIMA. (Nat. order Rhizophoracew.)
CARALLIA, Roxb.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx minutely bracteolate at the base, tube semi-adnate to the ovary, campanulate above with 5-8
short valvate lobes, petals as many as the lobes of the calyx clawed orbicular, jagged, 2-fid, slightly toothed, or entire, inserted at the margin of the thin
stamen tube which lines the calyx tube nearly up toits lobes, disk epigynous 10-16 lobed, stamens twice as many as the petals and inserted with them on
the stamen tube at the base of the calyx-lobes, the lower portion of the filaments adherent down to base of the free portion of the tube, anthers small
oblong, ovary semi-inferior 3-5 celled, with 2 ovules in each cell, pendulous from the axis above the middle, style subulate or filiform, stigma 3-5 lobed.
Fruit small globose coriaceous, generally 1-celled, 1-seeded, seed globosely reniform, testa fibrous, albumen fleshy, embryo curved not growing before the
seed falls, Trees or shrubs very glabrous, branchlets 4-angled or terete, leaves opposite petiolate, ovate or elliptic, very glabrous shining entire or serrulate
stipules interpetiolar (as in Rubiacez) caducous, flowers small in axillary pedunculate usually trichotomous cymes,—Petalotoma, DC. Prod. iii. p. 294.
Diatoma, Zour Ft. Coch. 296. Symmetria, Rl. Bijd. 1130. Barraldeia, Thouars, Gen. Nov. Madag. 24.
CARALLIA INTEGERRIMA. (DC.) A tree, glabrous in all its parts, leaves petiolate entire obovate-oblong or elliptic obtuse
or more or less acuminate, coriaceous, deep green and shining above, paler beneath, 3-5 inches long by about 2 broad, petioles 2-3 lines
long, cymes axillary or from the old leafless nodes often furnished with much gummy substance, on short peduncles, each short branch-
let bearing 3-5 sessile flowers, calyx short broad campanulate not 38 lines in diameter, 8-toothed, petals white clawed orbicular
much lobed and jagged, stamens 16 as in the generic character on filaments nearly equal in length, but the 8 opposite the sinuses are
{ess recurved and appear much longer from being more exserted, ovary 3-4 rarely 5-celled, styles 3-4 rarely 5, fruit globular about
3 lines in diameter crowned by the calyx-teeth—DC, Prod. iii, 33. OC. Ceylanica, Arnt. Wight Ill. tab. 90. C. corymbosa and
Sinensis, Arnt. in Tayl. Ann, Nat. Hist. Vol. i. p. 371, C. Timoreusis, Bl. Mus, Bot. Vol. i. p. 128. C. octopetala, #. Muller.
Pootia cereopsifolia, Mzg. Pl. Hochst.
A very common tree in ow Western ghat forests up to 4000 feet from Bombay down to Cape Comorin, also on the Cuddapah hills,
most abundant in S. Canara (where it is called in Canarese ‘Andi punar) and in Coorg ; in Bombay it is called Punschi, and in Ceylon, where
it is met with up to 3000 feet, it is called Dawata, it is a highly ornamental tree on account of its beautiful foliage ; it is also indigenous in
Bengal, Birmah, Hongkong and trogical Australia, The timber is ornamental and of a reddish color, and is used in S. Canara for furniture
and cabinet purposes, and in Ceylon for furniture and fittings, it is tough and not easily worked, brittle and not durable, and has a pretty wavy
appearance, and is peculiar in structure, having a great deal of cellular tissue; a cubic foot wnseasoned weighs about 56-60 lbs. and 44 lbs.
when seasoned, and its spevific gravily is ‘684; in Birmah where the tree is known by the name of Munioga, it is used for planks and rice
pounders. In Caleuta it is in use for house building under the name of Kierpa( Bengalce. )
Analysis.
1. A flower, the petals fallen off, showing the valvate calyx.
The same open, showing the stamen tube lining the calyx to the base of its lobes, the 16 stamens inserted on it, and 1 of
the petals (the other 7 removed), :
3. <A petal.
4, AA flower (5 lobes of the calyx and the petals removed), showing that the calyx-tube is adnate to the ovary in nearly its
whole Jength.
Anthers, front and back view.
Ovary with its 16 lobed epigynous disk, style, and a 4-cleft stigma.
Ovary cut vertically, showing the pendulous ovules and a 3-lobed stigma.
A 4-celled ovary (it is sometimes 8 or 5 celled) cut transversely, showing the cells 2-ovuled,
Fruit.
ort an
198
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WEIHEA ZEYLANICA. (Nat. order Rhizophoracez.)
WEIHEA, Spreng. —GEN. CHAR. 2 bracteoles connate into a cup, enclosing the flower bud, more distant when the flower expands. Calyx
tube very shortly turbinate adnate to the base of the ovary, limb 4-5 parted, the segments valvate at length spreading or reflexed, petals 4-6 inserted
under the margin of the obscure disk, unguiculate spathulate fimbriately lacerated; stamens 10-80 inserted on the disk, filaments filiform, anthers
oblong, ovary superior adnate to the base of the calyx ovoid-glotose 8-5 suleate or lobed 2-4-celled, style filiform, stigma 2-4-lobed, ovules 2 in each cell
collateral pendulous, fruit globose fleshy 3-4 celled, tardily septicidally 3-4-valvate, valves thick, cells 1-2 seeded. Seed arillate ovoid compressed and
subtrigonal, testa coriaceous, albumen fleshy,embryo straight, cotyledons plane elliptic venose, radicle terete. Trees or shrubs, leaves glabrous opposite,
petiolate, entire or obtusely serrate penniveined, stipules interpetiolar (as in Rubiacee) deciduous, peduncles axillary solitary or fascicled 1-flowered,
—Anstrutheria, Gard. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist, vi. 844, t. 4. Richiewa, Thouars Gen. Nov. Madag. 25.
WEIHAE ZEYLANICA, (Gardn.) A small tree, leaves olong to elliptic more or less rounded at the base or gradually
attenuated, gradually or rather suddenly produced into an acute or. obtuse point at the apex, veins penniveined and looped, glabrous,
submembranceous 2-5 inches long, by #-2 inches broad, petioles glabrous or slightly hairy 2-3 lines long, stipules oblong hairy
caducous, peduncles solitary or 2 in the axils, about as long as the petioles, bracteoles ciliate, Howers about # inch long, 5-merous,
calyx segments reflexed hairy on the outside and ciliate, glabrous within, stamens about 25, anthers subbasifixed, petals a little longer
than the calyx, lobes lacerated into about 10 fimbriations, ovary and the 3-lobed style hairy—Anstrutheria Zeylanica, Gardn. im
Cale. Journ. of Nat. His. vol. vi. p. 344. t. 4.
A small tree not uncommon on the South Tinnevelly and Travancore mountains at no great elevation, also in Ceylon (Galle and
Trincomalee), in flower in September, ‘
194
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Tuzvgey Lt :
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; ANISOPHYLLEA ZEYLANICA. (Nat. order Rhizophoraces.)
ANISOPHYLLEA. Brown.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx tube ovoid or oblong, adnate to the ovary, terete or costate, limb 4-parted, lobes erect,
petals 4, involuie, entire 2-lobed or lacerate; stamens 8 inserted with the petals, filaments short subulate, anthers small didymous ovary inferior 4 celled,
styles 4, subulase erect or recurved, apex acute or subcapitate stigmatose, ovules solitary in the cells, pendulous. Fruit coriaceuus, oblong costate 1-seeded,
seed pendulous, testa coriaceous, embryo exalbuminous clavate axial, cotyledons very minute or obsolete. Trees or shrubs, glabrous, or the young parts
sericeous, leaves distichously alternate, petiolate, the alternate ones smaller or minute and stipuliform, obliquely ovoid or lanceolate 3-5-nerved entire
exstipulate, flowers in simple axillary spikes, small or minute ebracteolate or minutely bracteolate.—Tetracrypta, Gardn.
ANISOPHYLLEA ZEYLANICA, (Benth.) A tree, young parts minutely puberulous, leaves obliquely ovoid to lanceolate
rounded or attenuate at the base tapering into a long acumination at the apex, very hard and coriaceous, glabrous except the primary
veins which are minutely puberulous beneath and occasionally slightly so above, 4-5 inches long by 14-2 broad, 3-5 nerved 3-4 of which
are very prominent and raised beneath ; the alternate stipuliform leaves very minute, petioles 3 lines long, minutely puberulous ra-
cemes about 3 inch long puberulous bracteolate, calyx about 2 lines long puberulous on the outside, lobes persistent, fruit oblong attenua-
ted at the apex, costate, indehiscent. Benth. in Flora. Niger. Tetracrypta cinnamonoides, Gard. and Champ. in Hook. Journ. of
Bot. 1. p. 814 and v. p. 378. t. 5.
A tree, found in the southern and central parts of Ceylon up to an elevation of 1500 feet, called Wellapeyenna ; the structure and germi-
nation of the seed are the same as in Barringtonia and Careya, the minute stipuliform leaves represented in the figure are absent in my dried speci-
mens, so I presume they are deciduous. The wood is used for building purposes. I am indebted to Dr. Thwaites for the drawing.
Analysis.
1-2. Apex of growing branch.
3. <A full flower.
4, A petal.
5. Anthers.
6. A flower cut vertically, showing the solitary pendulous ovules.
7. Ovary cut transversely, showing the 4 cells,
195
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GYROCARPUS JACQUINI. (Nat. order Combretacez.)
GYROCARPUS. Jacqg.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx tube adnate to the ovary, or none in male flowers, limb 4 to 7 cleft, Petalsnone. Stamens
4 to 6, alternating with as many club shaped staminodia, or fewer or none in the female flowers. Ovary inferior, with 1 pendulous ovule and a sessile
stigma, abortive in the male flowers. Drupe dry, crowned by 2 much elongated, erect, spathulate, wing like calyx lobes. Seed oblong, pendulous, with-
out albumen, cotyledons petiolate, convolute round the radicle. A tree. Leaves alternate, broad, entire or lobed. Flowers polygamous, very small, crowded
in dense corymbose cymes.
A genus consisting of a single species, a tree widely distributed in the tropical regions of Asia, Central America and Australia, it is of anomalous
structure and has been associated by many botanists with Deunney NETO on account of its anthers Opening by 2 valves. Prof. Lindley first placed it in
this order, with which its fruit and seed quite agree. Por eh | =
pay Ef te & ¢ EAs F +f GEos
GyYROCARPUS J ACQUINI. (Roxb.) <A tree aan of large size. Leaves deciduous, crowded at the ends of the thick
branchlets, broadly ovate or orbicular, on young trees often 8 to 10 inches long and broad and deeply 3 lobed, on older trees usually
smaller and entire or broadly and shortly lobed, usually more or less acuminate, truncate or cordate at the base, glabrous or tomentose
underneath or on both sides, the petioles varying from 1 to 4 inches. Peduncles in the upper axils or close above the last leaves,
rarely exceeding the petioles, bearing each a repeatedly branched cyme with densely crowded exceedingly small flowers forming little
globular heads before expanding, sometimes entirely males, sometimes with a few hermaphrodite or female flowers scattered in the
cyme or chiefly in the forks. Drupes ovoid, usually about # inch long, the wings ergct, oblanceolate, rounded at the end, much nar-
rowed below the middle, from under 2 inches long and about 4 inch broad to 24 indhes long and about 5 lines broad. Pers. Syn. i.
148. G. Americanus, Jacg. Meissn. in DC. Prod, xv. 247. G. Asiaticus, Welld. ;—Meissn. 1. ¢. 248. G. acuminatus, Jedssn. U. c.
G. sphenopterus, R, Br. Endl. Iconogr, t. 43 ;—Meissn. 1. c, G, rugosus, #, Br, Meissn. 1, c. ;—Benth. Fl, Aust. 11, p. 505.
This tree is common throughout the plains in India and Ceylon, and is widely distributed in tropical regions throughout the world ; it
is called Tanaku and Kumar pulki in Teligu, and Zaitun in Hindustanii, the wood is very light, soft, and white, and is much used at Condapilly
inthe Northern Oircars for making light cavadie boxes and toys, and it takes paint and varnish wel’, it is also preferred before all other woods
for making catamarans ; necklaces and rosaries are made from the seed. The plate only represents male flowers and a fruit, as J unfortunctely
' have no fertile flowers at hand.
Analysis. ,
A male flower, showing the imbricate calyx and the 6 exserted stamens.
The same open, showing the 6 stamens alternate with 6 spathulate staminodes.
pe
3. A staminode.
4, An anther, front and side view, showing that it opens by a valve (as in Lauracez.)
5. A fruit, showing its 2 long wings (enlarged lobes of the calyx.)
2 a shy
ii a
PL: CXGVI.
EUGENIA JAMBOLANA. (Nat. order Myrtaceze.)
For Gen. Char. see the Order in the Manual,
-KUGENIA JAMBOLANA. (Lam.) A very larga tree, quite glabrous, leaves oval oblong obtuse or shortly acuminate,
usually 4-6 inches long by 2-3 inches broad but sometimes larger, very firm shining with numerous fine pinnate veins, and reticulated
between them, the principal ones confluent into a faint or more or less prominent marginal vein, panicles large broad, trichotomous
numerous, lateral on the old wood below the leaves, the ultimate cymes loose, flowers rather small very sweet scented, calyx sessile
turbinate campanulate, lobes short and inconspicuous often obsolete, petals cohering in a transparent cup-shaped calyptra and falling
off in that state as the anthers unroll, fruit oblong to roundish deep-purple, from the size of a pea to that of a pigeon’s egg usually
with a single seed. Lam. Dict. iii. 198 ;—Roxd. Fl. Ind. ii. p. 484 ;—Wight’s Icones tab. 535, and E, fruticosa, tab. 624. Syzygium
jambolanum, DC. iii. 259. E. Moorei, #. Muell, Fragm. v.33. YE. caryophyllifolia, Lam. ;— Wight Icones 553.
This large and beautiful tree is the commonest of the Syzygium sectionof Hugenia, it is found almost everywhere throughout the plains
of India, whereas most of the other species affect the mountains ; it is much planted in topes and avenues in this Presidency, and it ascends the
mountains to 4000 or rarely 5000 feet elevation ; it is also indigenous in the Archipelago and in Australia ; the bark is strongly astringent and dyes
excellent durable browns, and it yields an extract like the gum kino. The fruit is universally eaten, and that from some of the larger fruiting
varieties (when it is as large as a cherry or much larger) is very agreeable, the fruit of the very small fruiting variety (E. caryophyllifolia, Lam. J
is not eaten, and is not larger than a pea.
This tree is called Jaman in Hindoostanee, Nawal and Nawuar in Tamil, Narala in Canarese, Nareyr in Teligu, Jambool in the
Bombay Presidency, and Madang in Ceylon ; the panicles of flowers are always produced from the old wood just below the shoots of new wood,
and if this is borne in mind tt cannot be confounded. with any of the other species except E. nervosa, which has much more prominent venation ;
it generally flowers in March and April and the flowers have a strong smell of honey ; the wood is much used in native house building, for cart
framing, agricultural implements and a variety of purposes, it resists the action of water very well, and is used for well work, i ts tolerably close
and even grained, not very strong or durable except in water, and in color dirty brown (reddish when fresh), a cubic foot unseasoned weighs
60-62 lbs. and when seasoned 48 Ibs. and its specific gravity is *768.
Analysis.
A flower bud.
The same more advanced, the petals lifted up like a calyptra by the 1st expanding anther.
Full flower, the calyptra (petals) still adhering (though generally deciduous before this stage).
Anthers, front and back view.
Flower cut through vertically, showing the insertion of the stamens at the apex of the calyx tube, and the longitudinal section of the ovary.
2 OP
. Cross section of the ovary, showing 2 cells.
7. A fruit. (All drawn from fresh specimens). This species well illustrates the Syzygium section of this genus (allied species of which are so
characteristic of our higher mountain woods) : the petals generally fall off inalid though they occasionally in some species expand more or less; the ~
flowers are always small and insignificaut, and the trees are always perfectly glabrous,
197
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PL.CXCUIL
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‘
EUGENIA ALTERNIFOLIA. (Nat. ord. Myrtacez.)
For Gen. Char. see this Order in the Manual.
EUGENIA ALTERNIFOLIA. (Wight.) A large tree, glabrous in all its parts, leaves alternate or occasionally sub-opposite
never Opposite, very minutely and inconspicuously dotted, very thickly coriaceous, from ovate to almost orbicular, quite rounded at
the apex or with a rather sudden blunt acumination, 3-9 inches long of which the petiole is 1 inch or a little more, dark green and
shining above much paler beneath, primary veins very numerous obliquely parallel prominent and joined into a very regular con-
tinuous vein close to the margin, cymes panicled rising from the old axils of the fallen leaves or congested near the base of the new
wood, divisions with 3-10 umbellate flowers at the apex and there furnished with numerous triangular apiculate bracteoles, flowers
small yellowish white very sweet scented, calyx viscid and shining truncated and entire or with 4 very minute teeth, petals combined
in a transparent calyptra which is thrust off by the anthers as they begin to swell before expansion, fruit sub-spherical size of a cherry.
Wight Icones tab. 587.
It would require a very large plate to do justice to this beautiful species, the tree is common on the Nallay Mallay mountains in the
Kurnool district, (where it is called Manchi Moyadi, Teligoo) and is also found but less abundantly in the dry hill forests of the Cuddapah and
North Arcot districts ; it does not occur on the western side of the Presidency. Its regularly alternate leaves are anomalous, but there is a tendency
to this in some of the other species (montana and hemispherica, &c.), its flowers are quite those of the other species of Syzygium (and are incorrectly
Figured in Wight’s Icones as like the Jambosa section.) The dissections are drawn from fresh specimens, and the fruit is only half grown; the timber
is used by the natives for building and other purposes.
198
PL: CXCVMI.
Dunprig Zeelie, -
EKUGENIA MALABARICA. (Nat. order Myrtacez.) ;
For Gen. Char, see under this Order in the Manual.
EUGENIA MatapaRica. (Bedd.) A middling sized tree, quite glabrous in all its parts, young branches terete,
leaves opposite, (rarely only subopposite) furnished with numerous very minute dots on the under surface, obovate spathulate or quite
obcordate, rarely oblong, penniveined with the marginal looping inconspicuous, 2-5 inches long by 1-22 inches broad, petioles 4-6 lines
long, cymes from the old wood below the leaves or rarely in the lower axils very short about 4 an inch long, flowers numerous very
small and inconspicuous bracteolate, calyx-tube when young with 4 rather distinct triangular lobes, in age more or less truncate about
1 line in diameter, petals orbicular with a slight claw and pointed at the apsx opening separately and very soon deciduous, fruit
spherical about 3 lines in diameter.
This tree is very common inthe Wynad(in Malabar), elevation 2090-4500 fe2t, ge rerally in swumpy places, and I have alsa specimens
Siom the Anamallays : it isa very distinel species, I have tatroduced it here as illustrating the section of Syzygium with free petals instead of
the usual calyptra-like conjuncsion of the 4 petals, this difference however could not be maude even a sub-section of Syzyguum, as some of the
species present both forms in one and the same cyme, the dissections are drawn from fresh specimens.
199
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PL-CXCIX
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EUGENIA FLOCCOSA. (Nat. Ord. Myrtacez.) ;
For Gen. Char. see under this Order in the Manual.
EUGENIA FLOCCOSA. (Bedd.) A good sized tree, young branches nearly terete densely floccose, leaves opposite, oval
or sub-orbicular or sometimes lanceolate obtuse at the apex, densely floccose on both sides when young, at length glabrous above and
ultimately so beneath except the costa, very thick and coriaceous, minutely dotted beneath, 3-5 inches long by 2-34 broad, veins quite
inconspicuous except in dried specimens, penniveined with the usual marginal looping or occasionally sub 3 nerved at the base, the
2 lateral nerves not prominent and forming the waved marginal vein, petioles densely floccose 6-8 lines long, flowers terminal in very
short few flowered cymes or sometimes solitary large about 1 inch in expansion, calyx very coriaceous and densely aureo-or rufo-lanate
furnished at the base with 2 very large bracteoles of the same texture as the 4 rounded lobes, petals much larger than the calyx lobes
white very hairy on the outside subglabrous within, soon deciduous, disk large sub-globose lanate, fruit size of a pigeon’s egg densely
lanate crowned with the 4 large orbicular calyx lobes.
This isa most beautiful tree very common in the dense moist woods onthe South Tinnevelly ghats (above Calcad ) 3000-4000 feet
elevation, flowering in August and September ; this illustrates-the restricted genus Eugenia of authors who uphold the genera Syzygium, Jambosa,
&c., or the section Eueugenia of the genus as given in this Manual, the dissections are from flowers in spirit.
200
PL: CQ
Govirdo. dd,
Duzapleg Lith:
Cagiva Vitti: / loca)
EUGENIA CYLINDRICA. (Nat. order Myrtacez.)
For Gen. Char- seo under this Order in the Manual.
EUGENIA CYLINDRICA. (Wight.) A middling sized tree, glabrous in all its parts, leaves opposite coriaceous, very
minutely dotted, ovate to lanceolate with a long terminal acumination, 4-6 inches long by 14-12 broad, veins very conspicuous beneath,
and forming double loops the inner of which is very prominent and only a little more than 4 way between the costa and margin,
petioles 3-4 lines long, cymes terminal or from the upper axils shorter than the leaves, 3-8 flowered, flowers large 4 to nearly 1 inch in
diameter in full expansion white turning purple, calyx tube cylindrical slender # to nearly 1 inch long slightly contracted at the apex
and tapering at the base, patals orbicular dotted, fruit subspherical urceolate 4 to ? inch in diameter. Wight Icones tab, 527. Jam-
bosa cylindrica, Thw. En. Pl. Zey. p. 115.
A very beautiful tree when in flower, Ceylon Ambaganuwa district 3000 feet elevation, it has not been detected in the peninsula but pro<
bably occwrs on our Tinnevelly mountains. Hugenia Wightit (described in the Manual) so common in our forests, is an allied species, but differs i
its flowers being always solitary and much larger though with a shorter tube, and in its leaves being much more membranceous with a different
venation, This illustrates the section Jambosa.
201.
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KUGENIA. ZEYLANICA. (Nat. order Myrtacez.)
For Gen. Char, see under this Order in the Manual.
Evugenta ZEYLANICA. (Wight.) A small or middling sized tree, glabrous in all its parts, leaves opposite rarely
alternate or subalternate, densely glanduloso-punctate, very variable in shape from narrow linear to ovato-lanceolate ; 1-4 inches long
by 14 to 10 lines broad, veins penniveined very inconspicuous, petioles 1-4 lines long, cymes axillary and terminal dense many flowered,
shorter than the leaves, flowers white conspicuous about } an inch long, calyx-tube glandular and sometimes pruinose, elongato-turbi-
nate, lobes 4-5, rather conspicuous triangular, petals crenated very early deciduous, opening separately or falling off in a calyptra.
Wight’s Ill. ii. p. 15. Acmena Zeylanica, Zhw. Hn. Pl. Zey. p- 118.
Var. B. laxiflora flowers in lax few-flowered cymes, panicles longer than the leaves.
This tree is common on the South Tinnevelly mountains up to 3500 feet whereit generally affects beds of rivers, and in Ceylon where
it is called Morang ; it is very beautiful when in full flower, This illustrates the Acmena section of Hugenia, which only differs from Syzygium
in its long calyx-tube.
Variety B. has exactly the foliage aud flowers of the ordinary form, and only differs in its longer lax cymes
Fig. A. isa flower branch of the ordinary narrow leaved variety.
Fig. B. leaves of the broader leaved variety.
Fig. C, a leaf and cyme of variety B.
Analysis,
i. A bud.
2. A flower, the petals falling off in a crenated calyptra as the anthers-swell before expansion.
3, A calyx showing the insertion of the anthers at the apex of the tube, and a single petal, the petals having opened and fallen
off separately,
4, A flower after the anthers have opened out.
5. Anther, front view.
6. Anther, back view.
7. Flower cut vertically, showing the calyx tube produced above the ovary, and section of the ovary.
8. Ovary cut transversely.
202
EUGENIA HEMISPHARICA. (Nat. order Myrtacez.) ‘
For Gen. Char. see Manual under this Order.
EUGENIA HEMISPHARICA. (Wight.) A large tree, glabrous in all its parts, leaves opposite, rarely subalternate
minutely dotted lanceolate attenuated at the base, acuminate at the apex, veins inconspicuous above slightly prominent beneath, looped
near the margin and there forming a more or less irregular continuous vein, 2-6 inches long by $-2 inches broad, petioles 6-7 lines long,
cymes axillary and terminal shorter than the leaves many flowered, flowers large white variable iu size up 14 inches in diameter, calyx-
tube subglobose, disk tetragonal 4-5 lines in diameter, petals orbicular dotted, fruit spherical avout 1 inch in diameter. Wight Icones
tab. 525. Strongylocalyx hemisphericus, Bl’. Mus. Bot. p. 90.
This very handsome tree attains a large size and is common inour mountain forests from South Canara down to Cape Comorin at
about 3000 feet elevation, it is abundant in Coorg, the Anamallays, and Tinnevelly ghats, and it is also found in Ceylon up to 4000 feet; the timber
is used for a variety of purposes. The drawing is taken from Coorg specimens. Blume separates this as a distinct genus under the name of Strongy-
localyx on account of its rounded (instead of cylindrical) calyx tube and its tetragonal disk, it has certainly no claims to generic distinction nor
need it be even kept sectionally distinct from Jambosa. Eugenia lanceolaria is closely allied if indeed a distinct species.
203
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BARRINGTONIA ACUTANGULA. (Nat. order Myrtaceze.)
BARRINGTONIA. Forst.—GEN. CHAR. Calyx tube ovoid or turbinate, not at all or scarcely produced above the ovary, the limb either
closed in the bud and splitting into 2 to 4 valvate segments or rarely with 3 or 4 lobes, imbricate in the bud. Petals 4 or 5, adhering at the base to the
staminal cup. Stamens numerous, in several series, shortly united at the base into a ring or cup; anthers small, with parallel cells opening longitudinally.
Ovary inferior with an annular disk ou the top within the stamens, 2 to 4 celled, with 2 to 8 ovules in each cell, horizontal or pendulous, in 2 rows; style
filiform with a small stigma. Fruit pyramidal ovoid or oblong, hard and fibrous, indehiscent, Seed usually solitary, with a thick testa ; exalbuminous
embryo undivided, consisting of a thick woody stratum, and a more or less distinct pith in the centre, no cotyledons. Trees. Leaves alternate, usually
crowded at the ends of the branches, penniveined and not dotted, Flowers in terminal or lateral spikes or racemes. Bracts small and deciduous. —Benth,
Fl. Aust, iii. p. 287. Stravadium, Juss. Butonica, Mig. Fl. Ind, Bat, 1, pars. 1. 485. Botryoropis, Prest. Zpimel. Bot. 220. Meteorus, Lour.
BaRRINGTONIA ACUTANGULA., (Gertn.) A large handsome tree. Leaves from obovate or oblong-cuneate to
almost elliptical, obtuse or shortly acuminate, rarely much above 4 inches long, serrulate or entire, narrowed into a short petiole.
Flowers red, rather small in very long slender pendulous racemes. LBracts oblong, very deciduous, Pedicels 2 to 4 lines long, calyx
tube ovoid glubose, about 1 line long ; lobes 4, rather longer than the tube, orbicular. Petals about twice as long as the calyx-tube.
Stamens not much longer than the petals. Ovary 4 celled or spuriously 4 celled, with 2 pendulous ovules in each cell. Fruit
oblong, 4 angled, 1 inch long or rather more. Wight and Arn. Prod. 338. Stravadium rubrum, DC. Prod. iii. 289 ;—Benth, Fl. Aust.
ili. p. 288. Botryoropis, Presl. Hpimel. Bot, 220. Tsjeria samstravadi, Rheede Mal. 4 ¢. 7.
This beantiful tree is common throughout this Presidency, as well as in most parts of India, Birmah and Ceylon, on the banks of
rivers, ond it ts also found in the Archipelugo and in Australia ; tt is called Kurpa in Teligu, Piwar in Bombay, and Kyaitha in Birmah ; the
wood is of u beautiful red color, tough and strong and stands a good polish, a cubic foot unseasoned weighs 65-70 lbs. and 56 lbs. when seasoned,
and its specific gravity is ‘896, vt ts greutly in request by cabinet makers, and the native workmen in Madras cull it Munneelahancha from its
susceptibility of turning black when buried in mud, The bark, the juice of the leaves, und the kernels of the fruit, ave in use medicinally with
the natives ; the tree flowers at the end of the hot season or at_the beginning of the rains, and is a beautiful object on the bunks of some of our
western coast backwaters.
Analysis.
I. A flower bud showing the bracteole at the base-—1a. Petals removed from the bud, showing the much bent filaments all fertile.
2. A full flower,
8. The 4 petals removed, showing that they are slightly joined at the base.
4, Peta!s and stamen tube’removed and opened out, the former are adnate to the back of the tube and the stamens are in 3 rows, ths
filaments are often broken and appear like staminodes, but all bear fertile anthers in the bud.
5. A portion of the staminal tube more highly magnified.
6. An anther, showing that it is basifixed.
7. A flower, petals and stamens removed, showing the ring-like disk at the apex of the ovary.
8. Ovary cut vertically, showing the pendulous ovules.
9. Ovary cut transversely, showing 4 cells with 2 ovules in each cell.
10, Magnified portion of a young leaf underside showing the venation, the small serratures, and slight pubescence. The dissections all
taken from fresh flowers. (This species is generally described as having a 2 celled ovary ; in all the ovaries that I have examined
there were 4 cells.) F. a. is a drawing showing a germinating seed of Barringtonia racemosa after Dr. Roxburgh’s drawing.
204
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