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C Q 0 yrci i LJO^*^'^ .--^^^
Cl)e jTounliers;
Portraits of Persons Born Abroad
Who Came to the Colonies in
North America Before
the Year 1701
WITH AN INTRODUCTION, BIOGRAPHICAL OUTLINES
AND COMMENTS ON THE PORTRAITS
BY
CHARLES KNOWLES BOLTON
VOLUME II
" It has been my wifli to preferve the heads of the firft Settlers. This
is a mem. to (how where they may be found." — BentUy, 7797
PslNTrD FROM THI InCOME OF THE
Robert Charles Billings Fund
THE BOSTON ATHENAEUM
1919
r JK ROBERT CHARLES BILLINGS FUND
^* 15 PUBLICATIONS NUMBER SIX
PORTRAITS
OF THE FOUNDERS
NEW ENGLAND
Contents
Portraits and Biographical Outlines Paob
New England
Thomas Amory ....... 339
Sir Edmund Andros 343
Rev. John Bailey 347
James Bowdoin . . . . . . . 351
Simon Bradstreet 355
Nathaniel Byfield 359
Charles Chambers . . . . . . . 536a
John Clark, M.D 363
John Colman 367
George Curwin 371
Rev. John Davenport 375
Mrs. Mary (Mirick) Davie 379
Sir George Downing ...... 383
John Endecott 385
John Freke 389
William Goffe 393
Edward Gray ....... 397
Mrs. Mabel (Harlakenden) Haynes . . . 401
George Jaffrey ....... 405
Rev. Hanserd Knollys ...... 409
John Leverett 413
Rev. Richard Mather . . . . . . 419
Richard Middlecott 423
* Richard Montague ....... 427
Mrs. Margery (Bray) Pepperrell . . . . 431
William Pepperrell 435
Rev. Hugh Peter 439
Robert Pike 443
Mrs. Anne Pollard 447
William Pynchon 451
V •
New England — Continued
Edward Rawson
Sir Richard Saltonstall
Thomas Savage
Samuel Sewall
Stephen Sewall
Mrs. Elizabeth (Richardson) Stoddard
Mrs. Elizabeth (Roberts) Stoddard .
William Stoughton ....
Rev. Thomas Thacher .
Sir Henry Vane, the younger .
Thomas Venner ....
John Walley
Rev. John Wheelwright .
Edward Winslow ....
Mrs. Penelope (Pelham) Winslow .
John Winthrop ....
John Winthrop, the younger .
Mrs. Mary (Luttrell) Winthrop .
Stephen Winthrop ....
Pack
455
459
463
467
471
475
479
483
487
491
495
499
503
507
511
515
525
529
533
The West
Robert Cavelier Sieur de La Salle
Jacques Marquette .
Portraits under Discussion
Rev. Charles Chauncy
John Clarke, M.D.
William Coddington
Rev. John Cotton .
Colonel Darnall
Rev. John Eliot
Martin Hoffman
Rev. Nathaniel Mather .
Madam Patteshall and child
Edward Shippen
Myles Standish
539
543
549
553
557
561
565
571
575
579
583
587
591
VI
Portraits under Discussion — Continued Pao«
Van Rensselaer Portraits 596a
Van Schoenderwoert-Bleecker 596^
Rev. John Wilson 597
Comments on the Portraits
Carolina 601
Virginia and Maryland 607
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware 621
New England 633
The West A • 659
Index * . . . . 663
vii
Thomas Amory, the son of Jonathan and Rebecca
Amory, was born at Dublin in May, 1682. His father, a
merchant on the banks of the Liffey, soon removed with
his family to the West Indies, and, about 1690, to Charles-
ton, where he appears as speaker of the Assembly in 1696.
The boy was sent back to London about 1694, and was for
several years at school. After the death of his father, in
1 699, he spent the years 1 706— 1 7 1 8 at the Azores, engaged
in business. His letter books give a vivid picture of trade
in countries which are to us only lands of bygone adventure
and romance — where trade was carried on by the use of
coins known to the American schoolboy only as the cur-
rency of Flint and John Silver. He was English and Dutch
consul at Angra, and his "correspondents" ranged as far
north as Portsmouth in New England, where he did busi-
ness with George Jaff rey.
Jonathan Amory had been an intimate friend of Colonel
William Rhett, and Thomas Amory came to Charleston
on the promise of the colonel that if his daughter Sarah
would consent, Amory could marry her. An offer had come
from the colonel in 17 13, and Amory himself had sug-
gested a marriage by proxy, but received no answer. Mrs.
Rhett now wrote, in 17 18, that Sarah knew writing, arith-
metic, French, music, dancing, etc. ; and although not a cele-
brated beauty, was modest, of an agreeable humor and
good sense. Arthur Middleton advised his friend Amory
to cut his hair, get a wig and a sword, "to please the Lady
for she is very Gentele & briske."
In June, 1720, Amory, after a visit of six months in
Charleston, was in Boston, having found that the young
lady's heart was committed to a gentleman in Jamaica, and
that Mrs. Rhett had absorbed the Amory property, while
339
acting for the son. He did not effect a settlement until
1723. In Boston, Mr. Amory had much social intercourse
with the Holmes family, which, like his own, had ties with
the South. He married, 9 May, 1721, Rebecca, daughter
of Francis Holmes, owner of the popular Bunch of Grapes
Tavern in Boston, and of a large estate in South Carolina.
Rebecca was the second owner of the tavern, and her
sister's husband, William Coffin, ancestor of the famous
admiral and baronet, the third owner. He was now busy
with commercial activities along the Atlantic coast, with
the Azores, Ireland, and England. He corresponded with
Arthur Middleton on business and political affairs, and
with his kinsmen in Ireland. After seven years of happi-
ness, Thomas Amory died, 20 June, 1728.
The widow left this account of her husband's death :
"Going into the still-house to look after some necessary affair
[he] fell into a cistern of returns. There being nobody therein there
[he died] as was the sovereign will of God, and I must submit,
though the loss & aggravating circumstances are beyond expression.
Nothing but infinite power & mercy can sustain me under the weight
of it."
Of their five children, Thomas, Mary, Rebecca, Jonathan,
and John, the first and last named are the ancestors of
many well-known Bostonians.
The portrait is from a crayon copy made before the
original was lost.
"The Detcendantt of Hugh Amory, 1605-1805." London, 1901.
340
THOMAS AMORY
I 682-1 728
(341)
Sir Edmund Andros was born, 6 December, 1637, at
London, the son of Amice and Elizabeth (Stone) Andros,
of the Isle of Guernsey. The father was cup-bearer to the
King and a major; the mother was sister to Sir Robert
Stone, cup-bearer to the Queen of Bohemia, and a captain
of horse in Holland. The world was by inheritance
his stage, and the boy began his career in Holland as a
trooper, followed by service in Denmark and Bohemia. In
1666 he was major of a regiment in America, and in Feb-
ruary, 1 67 1/2, he married Mary, daughter of Thomas
Craven. She accompanied him to New York in October,
1674, where, as governor, he took over the administration
from the Dutch. He was efficient, dealing tactfully with
the Indians during King Philip's war, preserving peace and
prosperity in his province. During the winter of 1677/8
he 'was in England and received knighthood. He was
again in London in the spring of 168 1, having been recalled
under charges of dishonesty, which he vigorously denied.
Andros was in favor at Court, and, Massachusetts hav-
ing lost its charter in 1684, he was commissioned governor
in chief over the dominion of New England in June, 1686.
He was resolute, and strove to make the province more
firmly a part of the empire ; he demanded tolerance in re-
ligion, and better trade relations for English merchants.
Inevitably he was doomed to unpopularity. At about the
same time the territory under his command was extended
southward to include New York and New Jersey. The
landing of William of Orange in England offered an occa-
sion for rebellion, and on 18 April, 1689, Andros, at Fort
Hill in Boston, was arrested and imprisoned. In about
a year he was sent back to England, where his ability pro-
cured him, in 1692, the governorship of Virginia. Here
343
he encouraged education and manufactures, but ran coun-
ter to the quarrelsome Commissary Blair, of William and
Mary College, and again lost his office in November, 1698.
His last governorship, in 1704, was over the Isle of Guern-
sey, where he had large hereditary estates and honors. But
he was feeble, and soon resigned. He died in February,
17 13/4, and was buried on the 27th at St. Anne's Soho,
Westminster — a part of London frequented by the Hugue-
nots. Andros married three times, but left no children.
Lady Andros died 22 January, 1687/8. His second
wife was Elizabeth Crispe, his third was Elizabeth Fitz-
herbert. Mr. Whitmore, in his memoir of Andros, pre-
pared for the Prince Society, writes :
"We may class Andros among those statesmen, unwelcome but
necessary, whose very virtues and abilities are detested In their life-
time, because they do so thoroughly their appointed work and Initiate
new periods In national history."
Andros is referred to often in the "Journal" of the
Labadist traveler, Jasper Danckaerts, whose stories give
Andros the character of an irritable administrator, and at
times the temper of a petty tyrant.
The portrait here reproduced is from the engraving
made, in 1868, from a photograph of the painting then
owned by Amias Charles Andros, Esq., of London.
344
SIR EDMUND ANDROS
1637-1713/14
(34S)
The Rev. John Bailey was born, 24 February,
1 643/4, near Blackburn, Lancashire. Thomas, his father,
as described by Cotton Mather,
"was a man of a very licentious conversation ; a gamester, a dancer,
a very lewd company-keeper. The mother of this elect vessel one
day took him, while he was yet a child, and, calling the family
together, made him to pray with them. His father coming to under-
stand at what a rate the child had prayed with his family, it smote
the soul of him with a great conviction, and proved the beginning
of his conversion unto God,"
Having walked far to attend non-conformist services, and
having suffered imprisonment several times, John Bailey
began, at the age of twenty-two, to preach so successfully
at Chester, and then at Limerick, that "he seemed rather to
fish with a net than with a hook." When arrested, he asked
his judges if praying and preaching with inoffensive Chris-
tians was a greater crime than carousing at a tavern. The
recorder of the court replied : "We will have you to know,
it is a greater crime."
After fourteen years in Ireland he came over to Boston,
in 1683/4, remaining there as assistant at the Old South
Church until he was installed at Watertown, in October,
1686. Dunton, the bookseller, visited Bailey and his
brother the same year, and said: "When I tell you they
are true pictures of Dr. Annesley (whom they count a sec-
ond St. Paul) it is as high as I need go." To Dunton's
mind no one stood higher than Mrs. Dunton's father, so
this was praise indeed.
Bailey's wife, Lydia, died "April ye 16, 1691" (grave
inscription), after a day of singular expressions of piety
and resignation. He writes:
347
"She desir'd that we would sing some psalm of praise to the
riches of free grace: but our harps were hang'd on the willows;
we did it not. Yet there was melodious singing at that very time !
I heard it myself, but intended never to speak of it until the nurse
B. and M. S. spoke of it. They went unto the fire, thinking it was
there ; but they heard it best when within the curtains. God, by
his holy angels, put an honour upon my dear little woman ; and by
it reprov'd us, that seeing we would not sing, (being bad at it)
they would ! "
In the church records Bailey wrote :
"But Lyddy is dead and I feel entirely indisposed to everything."
In 1693, Bailey went to the First Church in Boston,
where he remained as an assistant until his death, 12 De-
cember, 1697. No children are recorded, but his brother
is said to have left a child.^
His book, "Man's Chief End to Glorific God," and
several shorter compositions survive him, and Cotton
Mather gives many quotations from his diary. His concern
was for his soul and the salvation of his flock. He had an
emotional nature and was often depressed. As he lay dying
he seemed to see his Saviour, and said to his second wife,
Susanna (daughter of Richard Wilkins, the bookseller) :
"Oh! what shall I say? He is altogether lovely!" And
to his sister-in-law he said : "His glorious angels are come
for me!" and closing his eyes at three in the afternoon
of the Lord's Day, he opened them no more this side of
heaven.
"Mignalia Chritti Americana," Volume i.
'Deacendanti mentioned in Massachusetts Historical Society Proceedings, New
Series, Volume 9, page 478, arc from John's brother Thomas, as a fuller quotation
would show.
34«
JOHN BAILEY
I 643/4-1 697
(349)
James Bowdoin, Boston merchant, was born, in 1676,
at La Rochelle, France, the son of Pierre Baudouin, who
fled to Ireland some years later with his wife and four chil-
dren. In 1686, Pierre came to Casco Bay, and in May,
1690, he moved to Boston, where he died, in September,
1706. James, the son, went to sea as a lad, and rose rap-
idly to the command of a ship. Being shrewd in handling
his cargoes, he soon became a shipping merchant, a member
of the Council in 1 744-1 746, and a man of great wealth
and influence. He was one of the leaders in a movement,
in 1733, to provide a paper currency to serve as a stable and
sufficient medium of trade, to take the place of gold and
silver coin, which had been sent to England in payment for
manufactured articles.
Bowdoin married first, on 18 July, 1706, Sarah Camp-
bell, who died in 17 13, having had James, Elizabeth, John,
and Pierre (who died in infancy), as well as Mary, who
married Balthazar Bayard, and William, a merchant;
second, on 15 or 16 September, 17 14, Hannah Portage, by
whom he had Samuel, who died in infancy; Elizabeth,
who married James Pitts; Judith, who married Thomas
Flucker; and James, a member of the Continental Con-
gress and governor of Massachusetts; third, on 24 April,
1735, Mehitable Lillie, a widow.
James Bowdoin died in Boston, 8 September, 1747, and
was buried in the Granary Burying Ground, on Tremont
Street. His portrait was painted by Joseph Badger, a
short time before his death. The Boston News-Letter
referred to his "prudence, care and industry in merchan-
dise," and his will disposed of a large estate. He gave £40
to the Rev. Andrew Le Mercier, and an annual allowance
of £20, so long as he should continue in the ministry at the
351
French church, so called ; and £20 annually to the poor of
the church, under the same terms. To the poor of Boston
he left £30 per annum for ten years after his death, and
also a legacy of £50 to the Rev. Samuel Cooper.
"Sof&e Account of the Bowdoin Family," by Temple Prime. New York, 1900.
i
352
JAMES BOWDOIN
I 676-1747
(353)
Simon Bradstreet, governor of Massachusetts, was
baptized, i8 March, 1603/4, at Horbling, Lincolnshire,
by his father, of the same name, the vicar. The father died
early in 1 62 1 , leaving a widow, Margaret, and three surviv-
ing sons, Samuel, Simon, and John. Simon matriculated
at Emmanuel College, 9 July, 161 8, as a sizar; received
his A.B. in 1620/1, and his A.M. in 1624. In 1630 he
came over in the Arbella with Winthrop, having been
elected an assistant of the company in England before
sailing. He continued to hold the office until 1678, and
was secretary in 1630— 1636; deputy governor in 1678;
governor in 1679— 1686 and 1 689-1 692; agent to Eng-
land in 1662; commissioner of the United Colonies often
from 1644 to 1672; president of the United Colonies in
1653, 1663, 1664; president of the Council for the Safety
of the People in 1689; councilor in 1692.
He settled at Andover, and there lived until after the
death of his first wife, Anne, the poetess, daughter of Gov-
ernor Thomas Dudley, whom he married in England about
1628. When he first brought her over to "a new world
and new manners," her heart rose in rebellion, but the
muse and her faith in God reconciled her to illness and
other afflictions. Her book of poems, published in Lon-
don, bore the title, "The Tenth Muse, lately sprung up in
America." She became the mother of four sons and four
daughters, Samuel, Dorothy, Sarah, Simon, Hannah, Dud-
ley, John, and Mercy, and died, 16 September, 1672, at
Andover.
The happiness of his home-life is mirrored in his first
wife's poems, which tell of separation, fear of shipwreck,
illness, and the joy of reunion. To her husband she said :
Z^S
"If ever two were one, then surely we;
If ever man were loved by wife, then thee ;
If ever wife was happy in a man,
Q)mpare with me, ye women, if you can."
Bradstrect married for a second wife, in 1676, Anne,
widow of Captain Joseph Gardner, and daughter of Em-
manuel Downing, whose wife was John Winthrop's sister.
The governor was a man of moderate but dependable
ability, kindly and intelligent, and when Andros was de-
posed, in 1689, the venerable magistrate, the last survivor
of those elected to office before the Puritan exodus, was
a dignified and suitable administrator for the interregnum.
Danckaerts, the Dutch traveler, refers to him, in 1680,
as "an old man, quiet and grave, dressed in black silk, but
not sumptuously." A famous passage in Sewall's Diary
refers to a walk which he took with the governor on the
8th of May, 1685:
"Walk with the honored Governour up Hoar's Lane, so to the
Alms House ; then down the length of the Common to Mr. Dean's
Pasture, then through Cowell's Lane to the New Garden, then to
our House, then to our Pasture by Engs's, then I waited on his
Honour to his Gate and so home. This day our old Red Cow is
kill'd, and we have a new black one brought in the room, of about
four years old and better, marked with a Cross and slit in the Left
Ear, and a Cross off the right Ear, with a little hollowing in. As
came with his Honour through Cowell's Lane, Sam. came running
and call'd out a pretty way off and cried out the Cow was dead
and by the Heels, meaning hang'd up by the Butcher."
Governor Bradstreet died at Salem, 27 March, 1696/7,
at about ten at night, and was buried the 2d of April.
Sewall writes :
"Col. Gedney and Major Brown led the Widow; I bore the
Feet of the Corps into the Tomb."
3S6
SIMON BRADSTREET
I 603-1 697
(357)
\
Nathaniel Byfield, first judge of the Court of Vice-
Admiralty, was born in 1653, at Long Ditton, Surrey, the
twenty-first child of Richard Byfield, rector there, and
grandson of the vicar of Stratford-on-Avon. His father,
as a member of the Westminster Assembly, helped to pre-
pare the "Shorter Catechism." His mother, Sarah Juxon,
was, like many early New Englanders, "nearly related" to
an Archbishop of Canterbury. Byfield arrived in Boston
in 1674, and the next year married Deborah, daughter of
Captain Thomas Clarke. Having been drafted to fight
the Indians, he based a claim for exemption on XXIV
Deuteronomy 5. At the close of King Philip's war he in-
vested heavily in Rhode Island lands, becoming a settler at
Bristol, and living part of the time at Pappoosquaws Point
— better known in connection with Herreshoff, the yacht
builder.
Byfield joined the Ancient and Honorable Artillery
Company in 1679, was a member of the General Court in
1696 and 1697, and served as speaker in 1698. He was
commissioner for forming the excise, and judge of probate
for Bristol County, as well as of the Inferior Court of
Common Pleas in Bristol and Suffolk. In June, 17 10, he
was suspended from the office of judge of probate "for
unmannerly and rude behaviour," but resumed office in
December, 171 5. He was the first judge of the Court of
Vice-Admiralty from 9 June, 1699, to 20 May, 1700,
when Wait Winthrop obtained the place. Byfield threat-
ened Winthrop and succeeded, through Dudley, in secur-
ing his removal in 170 1 ; he obtained the office for himself
in December, 1703, holding it until 17 15, and a third time
from 1728 to 1733.
In earlier years the judge exercised much influence
359
through his political alliance with Governor Dudley and
his marriage, in 1718, to Governor Leverett's daughter
Sarah, following the death of his first wife. Cotton
Mather, in February, 1702/3, received a visit from Gov-
ernor Dudley, whom Mather advised to allow no people
to say that the governor's policies were dictated by Byficld
and Leverett. Mather continues :
"The Wretch went unto those Men, and told them, that I had
advised him, to be no ways advised by them: and inflamed them
into an implacable Rage against me."
Byfield was a man of positive traits, dictatorial and over-
bearing, ambitious and revengeful, yet so sound that no
decision of his was ever, upon appeal, reversed by a higher
court. He printed and gave away thousands of copies of
the "Shorter Catechism"; he strenuously opposed the
witchcraft delusion, gave hundreds of pounds yearly in
charity, and devoted his eloquence freely to public affairs.
He died between the hours of one and two of the morn-
ing of the 6th of June, 1733, at Boston, and was buried
in the Granary Burying Ground. Two of his five chil-
dren grew to maturity, one the wife of Lieutenant Governor
William Tailer, another the wife of Edward Lyde, whose
son, Byfield Lyde (son-in-law of Governor Belcher), was
his chief heir.
"Manual First Congregational Church, Bristol." Providence, 1873.
"The History of Bristol, Rhode Island," by W. H. Munro. Providence, 1880,
360
NATHANIEL BYFIELD
1653-1733
(361)
Dr. John Clark, physician, of Boston, came to New-
bury about 1637, and was granted a farm of four
hundred acres at the mouth of Cart Creek, 23 January,
1637/8. In September he was freed from all rates so
long as he should exercise his calling there. A rather lurid
light is thrown upon the value of his services by a note in
the Rev. John Eliot's "Record of Roxbury Church Mem-
bers." The wife of Richard Dummer came under the in-
fluence of Anne Hutchinson, and when the Dummers
moved to Newbury she declared her faith. Dr. Clark, who
agreed with her, gave her a vomit, when ill, "w^ did in
such maner torture & torment her . . . y* she dyed in a
most uncomfortable maner; but we believe God tooke her
away in mercy, from worse evil, w^ she was falling unto."
In 1639 he became a magistrate of the County Court at
Ipswich, and was elected a deputy for 1639 and 1643.
After ten years of practice in Newbury he was at Ipswich,
and in December, 1651, when he sold the farm, he was of
Boston. While in Boston he invented a stove for warm-
ing houses and saving firewood, a device for the control of
which the General Court allowed him exclusive rights,
in October, 1652.
Dr. Holmes, in his "Medical Essays," 1 842-1 882,
speaks of Dr. Clark on page 326 :
"His portrait, in close-fitting skull-cap, with long locks and
venerable flowing beard, is familiar to our eyes on the wall of our
Society's antechamber. His left hand rests upon a skull, his right
hand holds an instrument which deserves a passing comment. It
is a trephine, a surgical implement for cutting round pieces out of
broken skulls, so as to get at the fragments which have been driven
in, and lift them up. It has a handle like that of a gimlet, with a
claw like a hammer, to lift with, I suppose, which last contrivance I
363
do not see figured in my books. . . . Dr. Clark is said to have
received a diploma before he came, for skill in lithotomy. He loved
horses, as a good many doctors do, and left a good property, as they
all ought to do. His grave and noble presence, with the few facts
concerning him, told with more or less traditional authority, give
us the feeling that the people of Newbury, and afterwards of Bos-
ton, had a wise and skilful medical adviser and surgeon in Dr. John
Clark."
Dr. Clark married Martha, called "aunt" by Sir Richard
Saltonstall's son Robert, who was in turn called "cosen"
by Clark. If she was a sister of Sir Richard or his wife, no
other trace of her is known. ^ Martha died 19 September,
1680, aged eighty-five, leaving John, a physician and poli-
tician, and Jemima, the wife of Robert Drew.
Dr. Clark died in Boston, in November, 1 664. His por-
trait was painted in the sixty-sixth year of his age, but we
do not know the date of his birth, and no year is mentioned
on the canvas.
"The Hittory of Newbury," by J. J. Currier. Boston, 1902, page 662.
New England Historical and Genealogical Register, April, i860, page 171.
"Massachusetts Historical Society Proceedings," July, 1844; October, 1833.
'Martha, daughter of another Sir Richard, the Lord Mayor, married a Mr.
Bonner, and their son, perhaps, is referred to in Robert Saltonstall's will as appren-
ticed to "Capt Miditon," in the Barbados; this Martha's sister, Hester, married
Sir Thomas Middleton, Lord Mayor.
JOHN CLARK
iS98(?)-i664
(365)
John Colman, a prominent Boston merchant, was born
on Tower Hill, London, 3 January, 1 670/1, less than nine
years after Sir Henry Vane had lost his head there, and
was brought over to Boston at the age of two by his parents,
William and Elizabeth Colman. He married, 19 July,
1694, Judith, daughter of William Hobby, and with her he
lived for nearly fifty years, dying, 19 September, 175 1, in
Boston. They had eight sons, of whom two, John and
Benjamin, lived beyond infancy and married; and six
daughters, of whom two lived to mature years, one as the
wife of Dr. Thomas Bulfinch, another married to Peter
Chardon. His brother, the Rev. Benjamin Colman, of the
church in Brattle Square, was distinguished in his day.
John Colman served frequently in town offices, and was
a leader in public affairs; in 1704 he had a hand in the
arrest and "judicial murder" of Captain Quelch, the so-
called pirate; in 1706 he advocated a monthly packet from
England to New England; and in 1720 he was on the
committee to consider a spinning school. He was one of
the founders of the Brattle Square Church, in 1699, and
thus aroused the enmity of Cotton Mather, who referred
in his diary, seventeen years later, to Colman thus :
"A very abusive Creature, in whom the three parts of the Satanic
Image, Pride, Malice, and Falsehood, are very Conspicuous, must
be pittied and pray'd for."
Colman was for many years interested in endeavors to
deal with problems arising from a scarcity in the currency ;
and was arrested, in 1720,, for writing a pamphlet on "The
Distressed State of the Town of Boston," reflecting on the
government and advocating a bank to emit bills on real
security. The case was dismissed in July. He had a man-
367
sion house on the site of the American House, Hanover
Street, and large warehouses.
His portrait, by Smibert, owned by Mrs. Clayton C.
Hall, of Baltimore, is reproduced in the "Publication of
the Colonial Society of Massachusetts" for 1899, and a
biographical notice by Mr. H. H. Edes may be found in
the same volume.
368
JOHN COLMAN
1670/1-1751
(369)
1
Captain George Curwin, or Corwin, was born,
lo December, 1610, the son of John Curwin, of Sibbertoft
in Northamptonshire, of an ancient Cumberland family.
He became a merchant at Northampton, and in 1638, with
his wife and daughter Abigail, came over to Salem, where
his energy and ability laid the foundation for the commer-
cial prosperity of the town. He built and managed ships,
and carried on an extensive and varied wholesale and retail
business in dry goods and hardware at his house on the
present Essex Street, near Town House Square.
He was licensed to sell "strong water" in 1651, and
again in 1662, when he was made captain of a troop of
horse. Thereafter one occupation may be said to have
supplemented the other for several years. His advice was
much esteemed in military matters, such as the laying out
of the fort at Marblehcad, and the conduct of the war
against King Philip. He was a deputy to the General
Court in 1666, 1667, 1669, 1670, 1672, 1674, and 1676,
and in 1670 was on a committefe to revise the laws of the
colony. Curwin will always exemplify the saying that "As
a man dresses so is he esteemed." Bentley writes:
"He had a round large forehead, large nose, high cheek bones,
grey eye. His dress was a wrought & flowing neckcloth & a belt or
sash covered with lace, a coat with short cuffs & reaching half way
between the wrist & elbow, the shirt in plaits below, a cane, & on
the ring finger an octagon ring. This dress was preserved till the
present Century & was stolen & the lace ripped off & sold, for
which the offender was publickly whipped."
Curwin married first, in England, Elizabeth, daugh-
ter of Gregory (?) Herbert and widow of John White;
second, 22 July, 1669, Elizabeth, daughter of Governor
Edward Winslow and widow of Robert Brooks. His chil-
371
dren were: Abigail; John, a Salem merchant, who mar-
ried Margaret, granddaughter of Governor Winthrop, and
had a son, Sheriff George, executioner of the witches;
Jonathan, a judge in the witchcraft trials of 1692 ; Hannah ;
Elizabeth ; Penelope, born in 1670 ; Susannah ; and George,
who died early.
Curwin died at Salem, 3 January, 1684/5, leaving a
large estate, a homestead, four dwelling houses, four ware-
houses, two wharves, three farms, four ketches, and
property in Boston.
"The Giles Memorial," by John A. Vinton. Boston, 1S64, poge 339.
"An Inventory of the Contents of the Shop and House of Captain George Corwin,'
by George Francis Dow. Salem, 19 10.
372
GEORGE CURWIN
1610-1684/5
(373)
i
The Rev. John Davenport, of New Haven, "the
Universal Scholar," was baptized, 9 April, 1597, at Holy
Trinity Church, Coventry, where his father, Henry,
and grandfather, Edward, had been prominent in times
past. His mother, Winnifred, had the curious surname of
Barnabit. Very early a student at Oxford, he became, at
the age of nineteen, a successful preacher in London, fear-
less alike before the plague and ecclesiastical authority.
Meanwhile he studied till well into the mornings "and
never felt his Head ake, yet his Counsil was that other
Students would not follow his Exemple." In 1633, under
the influence of John Cotton, he fell into non-conformity,
called his flock at St. Stephen's together, resigned, and re-
tired to Holland.
There he soon found himsdf at odds, early in 1635,
over baptism, and, as Cotton Mather writes,
"he told his Friends, That he thought God carried him over into
Holland, on purpose to bear Witness against that Promiscuous Bap-
tism, which at least Bordered very near upon a Profanation of the
Holy Institution"
His Christian friends thought otherwise, and he returned
to London, Two years later Cotton welcomed him to
Boston, as Moses did Jcthro, and he settled down at New
Haven with his old Coventry friend. Governor Eaton, to
become famous for his energy, his gravity, his "ejaculatory
prayers," and the severity of the terms of his communion.
Mather says that "Davenport employed Golden snuffers so
much in the Exercise of Discipline that the New Haven
church became the New Jerusalem" — and then devotes five
pages to the awful private life of a criminal who had been
a revered member of Davenport's church.
375
While at New Haven, in 1661, Davenport is said to
have secreted Colonels Goffe and Whalley, the regicides,
in his own house, but in a long letter to Colonel Temple,
King's agent, in August, he evades pitifully, saying "that the
poor colony, the Governor and magistrates wanted neither
will nor industry to have served His Majesty in apprehend-
ing the two Colonels, but were prevented & hindered by
God's overruling Providence."
Some years later, Davenport very reluctantly accepted
a call to Boston, where the Half-way Covenant and other
radical innovations were much in favor, and became the
successor of John Wilson, 9 December, 1668 ; but as "it is
ill Transplanting a Tree that thrives in the Soyl," he lan-
guished and died, 15 March, 1670. His wife was Eliza-
beth Wolley, who died 15 September, 1676, having had a
son, John, and possibly other children. Davenport left
many sermons and controversial works in printed form.
The portrait is from the painting which hangs in Alumni
Hall at Yale.
"Matsachusetts Historical Society Collection," Third Series, Volume 8, page 327.
376
JOHN DAVENPORT
1597-1670
(377)
J
Mrs. George Davie, famous as an aged person, was
born on or about 3 June, 1635, probably Mary, the daugh-
ter of John Mirick, cooper, who became an inhabitant of
Charlestown in 164 1/2. When still a girl she was married;
she took a second husband a few years later, and it is prob-
able that she had several children, whose names may be
found by some diligent student. A third husband was
George Davie, a sea captain and pioneer in the beautiful
country at the mouth of the Sheepscot River in Maine,/
where he obtained a large tract of land in 1663. The vil-
lage of Wiscasset now occupies part of the site; and he
owned other lands in 1668, lying perhaps on Westport
Island, where Marie Antoinette was once offered a refuge,
or at Edgecomb. Mr. and Mrs. Davie did much to improve
the town and to encourage settlers. A petition of his, in
1676, shows that he sailed up and down the coast in trade,
dealing much with Richard Patteshall, and holding also
official commissions at various times. Mrs. Davie heard of
his death more than once, from shipwreck or Indian attack.
Finally, about 1677, the settlers were obliged to leave Wis-
casset, and not long after this date Captain Davie died.
In 1689 his widow was in Charlestown, Massachusetts,
where she was admitted to full communion in the church on
the 30th of June, and had her son William, a boy of thir-
teen, baptized on the i ith of August.
This William, her only son by Mr. Davie, went back to
the Sheepscot, and died before 1719, leaving a daughter
Alice, wife of Jacob Clark, of Newcastle, and another
daughter, whose name is not known.
In 1689, Mrs. Davie's father and husband being dead,
and her brother Benjamin, a mariner, having been long
absent at sea, she perhaps joined Mrs. Benjamin Mirick in
379
keeping a tavern. At last, in 171 1, Cotton Mather records
on the 6th of November :
"There is a Woman arrived in my Neighbourhood, who was
once in better Circumstances, but is now reduced unto the lowest
Poverty; and but meanly provided for the Circumstances of the
approaching Winter. I will dispense Releefs unto her. (Aa^te)."
She had already been aided by the town.
It is said that she had had nine children, 45 grandchil-
dren, 200 great-grandchildren, and 800 great-grandchil-
dren's children. With one of them she may have settled
down in Newton, Massachusetts, where, at Oak Hill, she
swung the scythe and used the hoe vigorously. At one
hundred and four she could shell corn all day, and at one
hundred and ten she sat at her spinning wheel. Far and
near she was known as Goody Davie, and famous people
came to hear her talk, and to see her smiling face and blue
eyes. Among her visitors was Governor Belcher, who asked
Judge Dudley to have her portrait painted by Smibert.
This was done in 17 15, when she began to fail in body and
mind. She died at Newton, 23 September, 1752, aged one
hundred and seventeen years and one hundred and fifteen
days.^
Jackson's "History of Newton," page 267.
Maine Historical and Genealogical Recorder, April, 1893, page 74.
'The Hyde Manuscript at the Genealogical Society says, "Supposed to be 116
years old." Seth Davis gave her age as above.
MARY DAVIE
1635-1751
(3««)
Sir George Downing, Baronet, soldier and politician,
was born about 1624 in Dublin, the son of Emmanuel
Downing, of the Inner Temple and of Salem, Massachu-
setts, and grandson of another George, who was master of
the Grammar School at Ipswich, England. His mother
was Lucy, sister of Governor John Winthrop. He was
brought across the sea in 1638. After graduating at Har-
vard, in 1642, he became a tutor, but in 1645 went to
Barbados as a ship's chaplain. Five years later he emerged
as scout-master-general under Cromwell, and with the
powerful Howard connection, having married Frances
Howard, sister of Charles, later Earl of Carlisle, he began
a long parliamentary career. In 1657 he favored offering
the crown to Cromwell, and had already represented him
in negotiations with Mazarin. He acted often as mediator
on the continent, and for many years lived at The Hague,
to promote Protestantism and English trade. Through
Howard influence he made his peace with Charles II in
April, 1660.
"Charles, when residing at Brussels, went to the Hague at night
to pay a secret visit to his sister, the Princess of Orange. After his
arrival, 'an old reverend-like man, with a long grey beard and ordi-
nary grey clothes,' entered the inn and begged for a private inter-
view. He then fell on his knees, and pulling off his disguise,
discovered himself to be Mr. Downing, then ambassador from
Cromwell to the States-General."
When many were losing their heads. Downing grew in
royal favor, and amassed wealth. He was knighted in
1660, and was made a baronet in 1663. His betrayal and
arrest of three regicides, his former brothers in arms, dis-
gusted men like Admiral Penn, and also Pepys, who said :
"All the world takes notice of him for a most ungrateful villain
for his pains." «
But the diarist admired his ability, and approved his re-
forms in the treasury.
When King Charles wanted to pick a feud with the
Netherlands, he sent Downing back to The Hague. It was
said, "The rabble will tear him in pieces." The King
smiled and replied, "Well, I will venture him." Downing
soon fled for his life, and the cynical Charles put him m the
Tower for deserting his post. He was an able speaker on
finance and commerce, and was called "the house-bell to
call the courtiers to vote."
Downing must have died in 1684, since his will was
proved on the 1 9th of July. His name survives in Down-
ing Street. Of his three sons and five daughters, George,
William, and Charles, Frances, Philadelphia, Lucy, Mary,
and Anne, all married except William, but no descendants,
as far as known, survived the middle of the eighteenth
century, except a natural daughter of Sir George's grand-
son, the third baronet, and founder of Downing College.
Pepys, the diarist, was a clerk in Downing's office in Jan-
uary, 1659/60, when Downing was one of the Four Tellers
of the Receipt of the Exchequer. He speaks bitterly at
times of Sir George, as a "stingy fellow" and a "perfidious
rogue."
Sir George had, however, a sane restraint, as when he
opposed death as punishment for James Nayler, accused of
blasphemy before Parliament in December, 1656; but as
Nayler's tongue had "bored through God" (said Down-
ing) it might be bored with a hot iron.
His portrait faces the title-page of this volume.
Sibley'» "Biographical Sketches of Graduates of Harvard University," Volume i,
1873.
Governor John Endecott was born about 1588,
probably at or near Chagford in Devon, a quaint village
six or eight miles southeast of Okehampton. The Endecotts
had been engaged in the mining of tin in this neighborhood
for a century or more. With five other "religious persons"
he purchased, 19 March, 1628, a patent of the Massachu-
setts Bay. Matthew Cradock and Roger Ludlow secured
rights immediately, and Endecott, being related to the
former through Ann, his wife, was sent out in June to
Naumkeag, later Salem. He showed himself "earnest,
zealous, and courageous;" he was just in dealing with the
Indians, but was curiously impatient with some of his neigh-
bors, with those, for example, who used tobacco or allowed
their hair to go uncut. He was "of so tender a conscience"
in religious matters that he allowed three Quakers to be
executed, and others to be flogged, while he was governor,
a policy which brought protests from men like Vane, Peter,
and Saltonstall. And yet he himself protested against harsh
treatment of Roger Williams, and was forced to apologize
for this patience with a friend in error.
Endecott was the chief office holder of his time in New
England; he was assistant in 1628/9, 1 630-1 634, 1636-
1640, 1645-1648; deputy governor in 1641-1643, 1650,
1654; governor of London's plantation in the Massachu-
setts Bay, 30 April, 1629 — 12 June, 1630; governor of
Massachusetts in 1644, 1649, 1651-1653, 1655-1664;
major general in 1645— 1648 5 commissioner of the United
Colonies in 1 646-1 648 and president in 1658. He had
moved from his "Orchard Farm" to Boston in 1655.
The governor strove valiantly to save the Massachusetts
Bay charter during the last two or three years of his life,
but powerful influences were against him. His opposition
385
to the English church service, and his attitude toward the
regicides, had undermined his reputation in London, and
Sir WilHam Morrice, Secretary of State, wrote to the Gen-
eral Court of Endecott's disaffection and the King's dis-
content. While trouble was thus brewing the governor
died, 15 March, 1664/5, aged seventy-seven, and was
buried "with great honour and ceremony" in the Granary
Burying Ground at Boston. By his first wife, Ann Gower,
it is supposed he had no children ; by his second, Mrs. Eliz-
abeth (Cogan) Gibson, of Cambridge, England, whom he
married 18 August, 1630, he had two sons, John and
Zerubbabel.
Strong emotion led Endecott to mutilate the English flag
in order to destroy the "popish" cross of St. George, but
of this incident Winthrop wrote :
"The only difference between him and others was, he manifested
his opinions by his acts, while they, with more prudence and safety,
retained theirs in secret."
He could give as one reason for the blowing up of twenty-
one barrels of powder on a ship, God's wrath, because the
captain "read the booke of common prayer so often over
that some of the company said hee had worne that threed-
bare"; yet he could, in beautiful and heartfelt language,
commit his sick friend "into the armes of our deare and
loving Father, the God of all our consolation, health, and
salvation."
The original portrait here reproduced was painted the
year that Endecott died. It hung for many years over the
fireplace at the Orchard Farm where, said Bentley, "it
grows dimmer by the smoak."
Putnam's Historical Magazine, Volume 7, 1899.
386
JOHN ENDECOTT
1589-1665
(387)
John Freke, attorney and merchant, of Boston, was
born in England, between February and July inclusive,
1635. The coat of arms on his tomb in the Granary
Burying Ground in Boston is the same as that used by a
"visitation" family of the name at Ewern Courtney, alias
Shroton, County Dorset. These Frekes were closely inter-
married with the Colepepers and Harlakendens, two fami-
lies intimately associated with colonization in the New
World. John Freke seems to have arrived in Boston about
1660, when his name begins to appear on the records in
shipping controversies, and in connection with the business
of the courts. He signed himself " Jno Freke."
Freke was associated with the leading merchants of the
day in Boston; he was a petitioner, in 1666, to the authori-
ties to uphold the King's unpopular commissioners, who
were then In Boston, and was a constable and juryman.
The lives of many of these immigrants would be incom-
plete without the mention of pirates, and John Freke's was
no exception. Inthe summer of 1674, Captain John Rhoade,
of Boston, induced Captain Jurrlaen Aernouts, of the Dutch
privateer, Flying-Horse, to join an expedition for the cap-
ture of the French settlements on the coast of Maine be-
tween the Penobscot and the St. John's Rivers. This con-
quest proved an easy matter, and the territory, under the
name of "New Holland," was claimed for the Prince of
Orange. Captain Aernouts sailed away, but Rhoade and
two Dutchmen set about reaping a harvest in trade under
a dubious commission from Aernouts. They soon fell foul
of several rival traders, and at last had a melodramatic
victory over the Philip, a shallop owned by John Freke
and Samuel Shrimpton ; blunderbusses, damp powder, and
treachery were the order of the day.
389
Freke appealed for redress to the governor and Council.
Captain Samuel Moseley was appointed to chase and cap-
ture Rhoade and the Dutchmen. He brought them into
Boston, 2 April, 1675, and they were in prison awaiting
trial as pirates when a tragedy ended Freke's career. He
had gone on board a ship from Virginia, in Boston harbor,
on the 4th of May, in company with Captain Scarlet and
another merchant. An explosion of gunpowder blew out
the cabin of the ship. Freke was killed outright, and
Captain Scarlet died the next day.
The Athenasum windows look out upon the tomb of Mr.
and Mrs. Freke, on which are the Freke arms, impaling
Clerke, of Warwick and Kent. Freke had married, 28 May,
1 66 1, Elizabeth, daughter of Major Thomas Clarke, of
the present North Square, Boston, a merchant and mill
owner, as well as a leader in public affairs. Mrs. Freke
was born in 1642, probably at Dorchester, and had become
by this marriage the mother of several children: Mary,
Elizabeth, Clarke, John, Jane, Mehitable, Thomas, and a
second Mary ; and following her husband's death she mar-
ried Elisha Hutchinson, grandfather of the famous gov-
ernor, by whom she had three more children. A charming
portrait of Mrs. Freke with her little daughter Mary,
born in 1674, Is owned by Mrs. Gilbert H. Harrington, of
Worcester, Massachusetts, and Andrew Sigourney, Esq.,
who together also own the portrait of Mr. Freke which
is reproduced here.
'The Dutch Pirates in Boston," by George M. Bodge. Bostonian Society Publica-
tions, Volume 7. See Volume 3 for Thomas Clarke.
390
I
I
JOHN FREKE
1635-1675
(391 )
Colonel William Goffe, the regicide, was born about
1 6 ID, at Stanmer in Sussex, the son of the Rev. Stephen
Goffe, "a severe Puritan," and brother of a Roman Cath-
olic priest and a Church of England clergyman. He was
apprenticed to a London Salter, but soon turned to soldier-
ing and exhorting — two accomplishments sure to lead to
advancement under Cromwell. In 1 645 he was a captain ;
in 1655, a major general for three counties; in 1654 and
1656, a member of Parliament, and so close to Cromwell
that those who did not favor a crown for the Protector,
hinted that Goffe might be a worthy successor in the hum-
bler office. Ten years of steady rise witnessed the King
executed and the great Protector dead. Goffe had married
Frances, daughter of Major General Edward Whalley,
whose mother was the Protector's aunt. Both Goffe and
Whalley had signed the warrant for the execution of King
Charles. With the restoration of the Stuarts came an order
on the 1 8th of May, 1660, for the arrest of sixty-six mem-
bers of the High Court of Justice, who had signed the
death warrant. Whalley and Goffe had sailed for Boston
a few days before the proclamation became known, and
arrived in July, 1660, the latter leaving his wife and three
daughters in England.
Judging from Goffe's diary he was well fitted by religious
fervor to please the New England people. On the 19th of
August he wrote: "I am banished from my own house;
but feasted in ye house of God; oh, yt I might dwell
yrin \_i.e., therein] forever." The leading men received the
regicides cordially, and protected them from capture at
New Haven, where they lived with the Rev. John Daven-
port ; at Hartford, where the Rev. John Whiting knew the
secret ; and at Hadley, where they were with the Rev. John
393
Russell. Goffe, under the name of Walter Goldsmith, cor-
responded with his wife. She sent him this significant hint
in 1 67 1 :
"It is reported that Wholly and Go£E and Ludlow is sent for;
but I think they will have more wit than to trust them, for it is to
be feared that after this sunshine there will be a thick darkness."
In a letter of his to Mrs. Goffe (whom he addressed as
"mother") he shows the strain under which he labored:
" My Deare mother, I once againe begg the continuance of your
prayers, for I have grt need of them. I know you cannot forget me,
day nor night, if I may conclude from the continuall workings of
my own thoughts, affections, & desires, towards yourselfe & my
Deare sisters, & the motherly affection you have hetherto shewed to
an vnworthy childe, that hath caused you so much sorrow."
In September, 1675, Goffe is said to have emerged from
hiding to lead the settlers against the Indians, but the story
is of doubtful value. His last letter is dated 2 April, 1679,
and no trace of him is found after that year.
New England has always sympathized with the regicides,
but the parliamentary debates of their time do not add
luster to their reputation. One Nayler, a weak fellow who
impersonated Jesus and imitated his entry into Jerusalem,
having been convicted of blasphemy, was to be punished.
Whalley opposed cutting Nayler's hair, as it might "make
the people believe that the Parliament of England are of
opinion that our Saviour Christ wore his hair so, and this
will make all people in love with the fashion." He favored
slitting his lips, and Goffe favored restraining him from the
society of women. One member, in ridicule of the debate,
proposed that he be sent to the "Isle of Dogs."
"Memoranda respecting Edward Whalley and William Goffe," by F. B. Oexter.
New Haven Colony Historical Society Papers, Volume 2, 1877, page 117.
394
WILLIAM GOFFE
i6io(?)-i679
(•395 )
Edward Gray, ropemaker, was born in Lancashire
about 1673, and appears in Boston, in 1686, as a young
apprentice to John Barton, of Barton's Point, owner of a
ropewalk. He spent his savings in visiting England, and
on the return voyage was impressed to serve on a man-of-
war. The ship's surgeon proved to be a family friend, and
secured his release. Returning to Boston, he soon hired a
ropewalk, and in course of time became a very successful
manufacturer. In 1736, with Samuel Adams and others,
he offered the ropewalk to the town for a public highway.
Mr. Gray married, 1 1 August, 1699, Susanna Harrison,
by whom he had Harrison, treasurer of the Province and
ancestor of Harrison Gray Otis; Edward; Ann; Persis;
Susanna; Bethiah; and John. Mrs. Gray died 4 June,
1 7 13, and he married, second, 2 July, 17 14, Hannah Ellis,
an English niece of the wife of the Rev. Benjamin Colman,
of the Brattle Street Church. She was called, in the family
circle in England, the "Lump of Love," and when she
crossed the ocean to visit in America, very soon attracted
the affections of Mr. Gray. Her children were Ellis, col-
league minister of the Second Church in Hanover Street;
Mary; Sarah; Thomas; William, best known perhaps as
the father of Edward, the lawyer ; and Thomas, the Rox-
bury minister; Benjamin; and Edward.
Edward Gray, the ropemaker, died 2 July, 1757, aged
eighty-four, and was buried in the Granary Burying
Ground. He left property extending the entire length of
the present Pearl Street — the ropewalk, warehouse, yarn-
houses, knotting house, and a dwelling house. He had also
ten slaves. His portrait, painted about 1745 by Joseph
Badger, is now owned by Mrs. Gedney K. Richardson, of
Boston.
397
The Rev. Charles Chauncy, pastor of the First Church,
preached a sermon at the funeral, which was printed. In it
he says :
"Your thoughts, I doubt not, are at once fixed on that dear
brother of our's, and friend of Christ and the poor, who departed
this h'fe yesterday Morning.
"What is said upon such occasions is sometimes apt to give dis-
gust, as being esteemed a compliment to the dead, rather than their
just character. But, in the present case, I am in no fear of giving
offence, the person I am to speak of was so unexceptionable, so
unenvied unless for his goodness, and so universally well spoken of,
both while living, and now he is dead.
"He was of an active spirit, diligent in business; but did not
pursue it to the neglect of the one thing needful. His share of this
world's goods, the fruit of his own labour, under the divine blessing,
was very considerable; but he did not keep it to himself. He
'honored the Lord with his substance;' chearfuUy embracing the
opportunities providence put into his hands of relieving the neces-
sities of the poor. . . . And what added much to the beauty and value
of his charities, he dispensed them without noise and bustle, without
shew or ostentation ; not seeking, not regarding, the praise of men,
and concerned chiefly to approve himself to his great Lord and
Judge."
"Gray Genealogy/' by M. D. Raymond. Tarrytown, 1887, page 191.
398
EDWARD GRAY
i673(?)-i757
(399)
Mabel Harlakenden, wife of Governor John
Haynes, of Connecticut, and daughter of Richard Har-
lakenden, was born, 27 September, 16 14, at Earls Colne,
County Essex, an estate with a group of ancient buildings
over against a pleasant rolling hill. She was deprived of
her father by death in 1631, and of a mother's care when
Mrs. Harlakenden lost the use of her mind. The family
circle was influential, however, and she must have seen
Cromwell, Richard Baxter, and other grave Puritans
who visited at Earls Colne. She was attractive, and it
appears that she had her share of romance in those days
of austerity.
When Roger, her brother, determined on a voyage to
New England in 1635, Mabel, then at the age of twenty-
one, crossed with him and his wife in the ship Defence.
The face of their brother. Colonel Richard, intelligent and
resolute, may be seen in the "Stokes Records," edited by
Anson Phelps Stokes (1910).
Mabel's brother, Roger Harlakenden, quickly became
prominent, and in 1636 was made lieutenant colonel of
a regiment commanded by Colonel John Haynes, an emi-
grant from Cop ford Hall in Essex. Haynes was a young
widower, and at about this time married Mabel Harlaken-
den. They moved to Hartford the next year, and in 1639
her husband became governor. He had a large mansion,
furnished with leather and flag-bottom chairs, a gilt looking-
glass, and a "tinn hanging candelstick," also a garden,
orchard, ox pasture, and meadows. Every alternate year
he was chief magistrate of Connecticut, until his death on
the first of March, 1654.
Mrs. Haynes was very ill in the spring of 1648, and her
husband wrote :
401
" My wife is yett in the land of the livinge, only weake, keepes
her bedd constantly — If she tryes to sitt upp, falls presently into her
violent fitts."
Later the Rev. John Wilson, of Boston, referred to "the
miraculous cure of sweet Mris. Haines."
Their children were John, Roger, Joseph, Ruth, and
Mabel. John graduated at Harvard in 1656, and died in
England in 1670, as vicar of Stanaway, near Copford Hall.
He was a crony of Fitz-John Winthrop, and in early life
had innumerable love affairs, which he discussed in his
well-written letters. Joseph was "the reverend teacher of
the first church in Hartford." Ruth married Samuel
Wyllys, and Mabel became the wife of James Russell.
Mrs. Haynes, after the governor's death, married,
17 November, 1654, Samuel, son of Governor Theophilus
Eaton, of New Haven, but lived only until July of the next
year.
The portrait here reproduced is from a photogravure of
the painting as it looked when it hung at Earls Colne. Mr.
Stokes writes :
"It was very dirty. The canvas was rotten and had to be re-
newed. A sword-thrust over the right eye was said to have been
made by a rejected suitor. . . This photograph was taken before
sending the painting to the London cleaner, whose work proved
somewhat disastrous,"
A reproduction of the restored portrait may be seen in
Mr. Stokes's book.
New England Historical and Genealogical Register, October, 1861.
402
MABEL (HARLAKENDEN) HAYNES
i6i4-i6ss
(403)
George Jaffrey, a Scotch merchant of New Hamp-
shire, born about 1638, was in Newbury, Massachusetts,
in 1665, when he married, 7 December, Elizabeth Walker.
He very soon moved to Great Island (later Newcastle),
and in 1677 was well established, when he engaged Samp-
son Sheafe to look after his merchandise and wharves. He
was one of the Lords of Trade, and among his many en-
terprises was an attempt to stimulate the mining of tin, by
inducing miners to emigrate from Cornwall to New Hamp-
shire. His house, near the present Jerry's Point, and about
a mile from Fort Constitution, was handsomely furnished,
as befitted a gentleman of fine taste and comfortable for-
tune. In 1 68 1, his first wife being now dead, he married
Anne, a young woman whose surname is not known. Mrs.
Jaffrey died 6 December, 1682, aged eighteen, having had
a son born on the 2 2d of November, who was named
George. His third wife was Hannah, who survived him,
and married Colonel Penn Townsend, of Boston.
An incident of the year 1684 threw town and church
into turmoil, and resulted in imprisonment for the local
minister. The story is repeated here only because it was a
ripple above deep counter currents in a New Hampshire
controversy. As far as it relates to Mr. Jaffrey, who is
referred to in the "Annals of Portsmouth" as "George
Janvrin," one must bear all the circumstances in mind in
deciding how seriously his act is to be taken.
"A small vessel belonging to George Janvrin had been seized by
the collector of the port, for a breach of some of the laws of trade.
A number of persons took forcible possession of her by night, and
carried her out of the harbour. A prosecution was instituted on
account of it, and upon the trial the owner swore, that she had been
carried off without his knowledge. Strong suspicions arose that he
405
had sworn falsely ; however, he settled the matter with [Governors]
Cranfield and Randolph, and all legal proceedings were stopped.
But as Mr. Janvrin was a member of Mr. Moody's church, it was
thought necessary for the honour of the church, that enquiry should
be made respecting the matter. Mr. Moody applied to the Governor
for evidence against the offender ; but Cranfield informed him that
the action had been settled to his satisfaction, and forbade Mr.
Moody's instituting any enquiry respecting it before the church.
Notwithstanding which, Mr. Moody preached a sermon upon the
evil of false swearing ; several church-meetings were held upon the
occasion; the person suspected was brought before them, and
charged with the crime, which he at length acknowledged and made
a public confession of it."
Jaffrey was a member of the Scots' Charitable Society in
1685, speaker of the Assembly in 1695, and a member of
the King's Council from 1702 until he died, 13 February,
1706/7, aged sixty-nine. The Rev. John Pike in his Journal
speaks of Mr. Jaffrey's death:
"Thrsday. George Geffrey sen: of Portsmouth Esq: — & one of
the Councill journeying from Boston towards Piscataqua, in a very
cold day, was taken sick of flux & feaver at Ipswich ; and died after
ten days sickness at Col. Appeltons, was interred the 17 th of Feb.
A man of singular understanding & usefulness among us."
His son and grandson both bore his name, both graduated
at Harvard, and each served as Treasurer of the Province,
one known as Chief Justice of the Superior Court, the
other as Clerk of the Supreme Court. The name has been
a distinguished one in New Hampshire and in Boston.
406
GEORGE JAFFREY
i638(?)-i7o6/7
(407)
The Rev. Hanserd Knollys, famous as a Baptist,
was born about 1599, at Cawkwell in Lincolnshire, studied
at the Great Grimsby Grammar School and at Cambridge,
was ordained 30 June, 1629, and became vicar of Humber-
stonc in 1631, where he remained until 1633. He was
arrested for non-conformity in 1636, at Boston, but was
allowed to escape to London, where his funds were ex-
hausted in waiting for a ship. In 1638, with six brass
farthings in his purse, he sailed with his wife and child, and
reached America after a voyage of three months. He
worked daily with a hoe for three weeks in Boston, and
finding the magistrates suspicious of his beliefs, he accom-
panied two gentlemen to Dover in New Hampshire, where,
in September, with the aid of Captain John Underbill, he
gathered a congregation. All went well for two years, for
he was a brilliant preacher. Then one Larkham arrived, a
man of wealth, ready tongue, and unscrupulous methods.
He replaced Knollys in the affections of the more worldly
sort and was excommunicated. The two men came to
blows ; Larkham snatched Knollys's cap, claiming it had not
been paid for (which might well be true) . Knollys and his
supporter, Underbill, one with a Bible on a pole, the other
with a pistol, routed their opponents, but were eventually
besieged in Mr. Knollys's house; then the governor of
Strawberry Bank, later Portsmouth, was called in to restore
order. The Rev. Hugh Peter, of Salem, and two others,
were sent by Massachusetts to make peace. But both lead-
ers had been scorched by the bitter tongues of slander, and
their influence was gone.
Knollys returned to London in December, 1641, and
gathered a church in Great St. Helen's, in 1645, where he
continued to preach when possible until his death, 19 Sep-
409
tember, 1691, an aged and very distinguished man. He
had signed the Baptist Confession of Faith in 1646, and
probably wrote the preface to the Confession of 1689;
he compiled a Hebrew Grammar in 1648, and at times
preached to congregations of a thousand worshipers.
He carried on a successful school at one time, at another
he served as an army chaplain under Cromwell, and at the
outbreak of Venner's Insurrection in January, 1 661, he was
imprisoned, but apparently without reason. During the
searching days of the Restoration he sought refuge in Wales,
in Holland, and in Germany, and his property was confis-
cated. Mather had a cautious but kindly word for him in
the "Magnalia." KnoUys wore long hair, a scull cap, and
no beard. His portrait was engraved at the age of sixty-
seven and at the age of ninety-three by Van Hove.
His wife's name is unknown. She died 30 April, 1671,
leaving a son, Isaac, and three other children.
New Hampshire Historical Society Collections, Volume 5, page 175. Concord, 1837.
" Dictionary of National Biography."
410
HANSERD KNOLLY8
iS99(?)-i69i
(411)
John Leverett, governor of Massachusetts, was bap-
tized, 17 July, 1 61 6, at St. Botolph's Church, Boston,
County Lincoln, the son of Thomas Leverett, "a plain
man, yet piously subtle." His mother was Jane Fisher. In
July, 1633, his father resigned as alderman of the borough,
and brought his family to New England in the ship with
John Cotton, the late vicar. In a copy of the "Breeches
Bible," 1599, the governor has recorded his marriage,
18 June, 1639, to Hannah, daughter of Ralph Hudson, as
well as her death on 7 July, 1646 ; and his second marriage,
9 September, 1647, to Sarah, daughter of Mrs. Elizabeth
Sedgwick. By his first wife he had four children, including
a surviving son, Hudson, the father of President Leverett,
of Harvard; by his second, he had fourteen children, of
whom Sarah married Judge Byfield.
Leverett, in early life while in England, served in
Colonel Thomas Rainborow's regiment (i 644-1 645),
officered largely by friends and relatives of the New Eng-
land Winthrops, and had come under the eye of Cromwell.
On his return to Massachusetts, he was chosen a member
of the General Court, but was soon in Cromwell's service
again, for he held the forts in Acadia in 1655. From this
year until 1662, he was at Court as agent of the colony,
protecting it by personal influence from Cromwell's dis-
pleasure at religious persecution here — ^bigotry which did
not, however, meet with his approval. After the Restora-
tion, he was addressed by King Charles as a knight. If this
was not an error he chose to ignore the honor, perhaps a
mark of consideration dangerous to make too evident at
such a time. He was an assistant from 1665 to 1671;
major general, 1663-1673; deputy governor, 1 671-1673;
and governor of Massachusetts, 1673 to the time of his
413
death, at four o'clock on the morning of the i6th of
March, 1678/9.
His wisdom and military skill fitted him for leadership
during the perils of King Philip's War, and made him a
popular office holder all his life. His funeral was an occa-
sion for great ceremony, only excelled in pomp by his
epitaph, which declares him to be "N. E's Heroe, Mars his
Generall, Vertues standard-bearer and Learning's Glory."
The Saltonstall family have a small miniature (repro-
duced here) set in gold, and the colors are still bright.
Bentley, in his Diary, 15 February, 18 13, says:
"I visited the Land Bank apartment in the State House & ob-
served the Gov. Leverett there was of him when old & not young
like that from which mine was taken at Ipswich."
This portrait, now at the State House, is reproduced in the
Genealogical Register, Volume 4. The three-fourths length
here given is from the painting at the Essex Institute,
Salem.
"Ancestry and Descendants of Sir Richard Saltonstall." 1897.
New England Historical and Genealogical Register, April, 1850; October, 1858.
414
JOHN LEVERETT
1616-1678/9
Miniature
(41S)
JOHN LEVERETT
1 6i 6-1 678/9
(417:)
The Rev. Richard Mather, first of the Mathers in
America, was born in 1596, at Lowton, near Warrington,
Lancashire, the son of Thomas and Margaret Mather. At
the age of fifteen he took charge of a school at Toxteth
Park, near Liverpool, where for seven years, his family
being in reduced circumstances, he taught and fitted others
for the university. He entered Brazenose College 9 May,
1 61 8, but the same year returned to preach at Toxteth and
at Prescot. He soon attracted the attention of the mayor
of Liverpool and of local religious leaders, one of whom
said that he had "substance in him." After fifteen years he
was suspended from his ministry in August, 1633, for non-
conformity. Meanwhile Cotton and Hooker urged him to
remove to New England, and he decided to leave his home
early in 1635. He was six weeks getting away from land
and six more crossing the ocean. His journal of the voyage
is delightful for its evidence of healthy enjoyment of por-
poises, mackerel, gulls, seaweed, weather, food, and events.
He had a normal body and usually a sane mind, although
one could wish he had not pressed for the excommunication
of Mrs. Hutchinson later on.
Mather was made "teacher" of a new church at Dor-
chester, 23 August, 1636, and there he lived and labored
until his death from an attack of the stone, 22 April, 1669.
In old age he lost the use of one eye and had become par-
tially deaf. By his wife Katharine, daughter of Edmund
Hoult, of Bury, whom he married, 29 September, 1624,
he had six sons, Samuel, Timothy, Nathaniel, and Joseph,
born in England, and Eleazer and Increase, born in Amer-
ica, Samuel and Nathaniel were clergymen abroad, and
Increase, president of Harvard College, was the father of
Cotton Mather, preacher, antiquarian, and diarist. Mrs.
419
Mather died in February, 1655, ^^^ ^^ married the widow
of the famous John Cotton.
His influence and wisdom were shown at the synod,
called in 1648 to combat Presbyterianism, when his plan
for congregational polity was adopted.
His portrait is in the American Antiquarian Society at
Worcester, and as Bentley says, "it agrees as well as pos-
sible" with an engraving by John Foster, which was used
in the life issued in 1670. He was the author of several
publications, and when a committee was appointed in 1639
to prepare a metrical translation of the Psalms, Mather
was admonished by Mr. Shepard, of Cambridge, in these
words ;
"And you of Dorchester, your verses lengthen ;
But with the text's own words you will them strengthen."
"Chronicles of the First Planters," by Alexander Young. Boston, 1846.
"Athenae Oxonienses," by Anthony a Wood. London, 1817, Volume 3, column 832.
420
RICHARD MATHER
1596-1669
(4")
Richard Middlecott, merchant, was born probably at
Boston, England, where Sir Thomas Middlecott had been
mayor and was a benefactor, or at Warminster, County
Wilts, where the family was prominent. Richard was ap-
prenticed to a merchant in Bristol, and, then or later,
obtained a knowledge of law. His first wife's name is
unknown, but he came over to New England about 1670,
with his son Edward. In 1672 he married Sarah, daughter
of John Winslow and niece of Governor Edward Winslow.
She had already had two husbands, Myles Standish, 2d, and
Tobias Paine. By Mr. Middlecott she had Mary, born in
1674, and married to Henry Gibbs in 1695; Sarah, born
in 1678 ; and Jane, who married, in 1702, Elisha Cooke, Jr.
Middlecott began, very soon after his arrival in Boston,
to act as an attorney in the courts, and in 1674 he first
appeared before the Court of Assistants, in behalf of
Samuel Winslow.
Middlecott became a freeman in 1 690, a member of the
Council under the new charter in 1691, and a member of
Cotton Mather's church in March, 169 1/2. He had owned
a pew there for several years. In May, 1681, Mather
writes: "16 d. 3 m. Choosing, for the sake of some Con-
veniences, to retire for my Studies, into our spacious Meet-
ing-house, I had a strong Impression, on my Mind, there
to make a Prayer, in one of the Pewes; and particularly, in
a Pew belonging to one Mr. Middlecot; a Gentleman of
good Fashion and Quality, in our Neighbourhood ; but one
of an airy Temper, and not yett making much Show of
Acquaintances with the Wayes of God : nor indeed, was hee
any other than a Stranger to myself. Here, I cried unto the
Lord, for this Gentleman, who was the owner of the Pew,
that the Lord would work thoroughly and savingly on his
423
Heart, and make him a really renewed Person, and lett mee
live to see the Answer of these my Prayers. And I had my
Heart filled, with a strange and a strong Hope, that my
Prayers would at one Time or other bee graciously an-
swered.
"Memorandum, [in the margin] About eleven years
afterwards, I saw the Answer of these Prayers, when the
very Gentleman joined unto our Church, and proved him-
self in further Instances a pious Person, and a great Bless-
ing and Comfort unto myself."
He died, 1 3 June, 1 704, leaving by will lands in England
to his son Edward, and legacies to his daughters.
Portraits of Mr. Middlecott and his son Edward arc
owned by a descendant, Richard M. Saltonstall, Esq., of
Boston.
424
RICHARD MIDDLECOTT
i633(?)-i704
(4»S)
Richard Montague was at Wells, Maine, about 1640,
with a wife Abigail. So much we know. It is probable
that he is the Richard mentioned in the "Visitation of
Buckinghamshire" in 1634, as the son of George and Susan
Montague, of Boveney, in the parish of Burnham, where
the family had been prominent for a century. George
Montague had a son Peter, born about 1603, who was in
Virginia as early as 1621. Still another son, William, was a
Master of Arts and Fellow of King's College, Cambridge.
Their cousin, another Richard Montague, was just begin-
ning an ecclesiastical voyage between the Scylla of Puri-
tanism, and the Charybdis of Romanism, that was to win
King James as his pilot, and two bishoprics as his havens
of refuge.
Abigail was "my cousin Mountagew" [i.e., niece], men-
tioned by Emmanuel Downing, of Salem, who had come
over in 1638. She was the daughter of Emmanuel's
brother, Joseph Downing, rector of St. Stephen's Church,
Ipswich, England, and was baptized in 161 7. The rector's
sister, Abigail Downing, was the wife of John Goade, of
London, skinner, whose family appears to have come
from Wraysbury, seven miles from Boveney. Abigail, the
rector's cousin (as we use the term), was destined for
Virginia in 1 623, by the will of her father, John, the skinner
of London; possibly she was about to marry Peter Mon-
tague.
The Montagues were noticed first at Wells. Then in the
spring of 1 646, with a small daughter, they came to Boston,
where the Rev. John Wilson later baptized two children.
In the spring of 1651, they set out for Wethersfield on the
Connecticut River, armed with Mrs. Montague's letter of
transfer from the First Church, and a letter from Mr.
427
Downing to his nephew, Governor John Winthrop the
younger. They had money also for the purchase of much
land, and the tools of a miller and baker, as well as a modest
library of books. In 1659, Montague moved up the river
to Hadley, where he obtained land close to the church and
the palisade. He served as selectman in 1671 and 1677,
was clerk of the writs in 1681, and active as a baker,
miller, and farmer. He belonged to a family long devoted
to Episcopacy, if he was of the Boveney line, and possibly
moved often on account of his religious views. His wife,
however, was a member of the Puritan church wherever
she went. He died at Hadley, 14 December, 1681, leaving
a considerable estate; and his wife survived until 8 Novem-
ber, 1699, living with her younger son John. Their other
children were Mary, Sarah, Martha, Peter, and Abigail.
The portrait here reproduced is said to represent
Richard. It is from a miniature on copper, one and eleven-
sixteenths inches high by one and seven-sixteenths inches
wide, owned by Henry W. Montague, Esq., of Boston.
"Visitation of Buckinghamshire in 1634."
Muskett's "Suffolk Memorial Families."
428
RICHARD MONTAGUE
i6i4(?)-i68i
Miniature
(4*9)
When William Pepperrell, the young curer of fish at the
Isles of Shoals, came in 1677 to do business with John
Bray, the merchant and shipbuilder at Kittery Point, he
fell in love with Margery, the merchant's daughter. She
was then seventeen, and he, like Jacob, had to wait for his
Rachel, although William served only a week for every
month that Jacob served. On land near Bray's house, which
still stands, they built the Pepperrell mansion that became
famous later as the birthplace of Margery's sixth child.
Sir William, the conqueror of Louisburg, the Governor of
Massachusetts, and the friend of Lord Mayors and Kings
across the water.
Mrs. Pepperrell taught her children to read, to write, and
to do sums. An English grammar was on the family book-
shelf, but the pages do not show much thumbing, and Sir
William's early letters prove that he, at least, endeavored
to do without it. All the children acquired geography from
the captains of a hundred ships. The two boys studied the
more advanced subjects with the local clergymen, and the
six girls absorbed housewifery from an efficient mother.
As her husband, and then her children, grew in prosperity
and fame, Mrs. Pepperrell became widely known for her
charity and modesty. After her death, on 24 April, 1741,
the Boston Post Boy published this announcement of her
death and character on the i ith of May:
"Kittery, April 30, 1741. Last Friday (after a short Illness)
departed this Life, and this Day was decently interr'd, Madam
Margery Pepperell, of this Place, in the eighty-first Year of her
Age. She was born at Plymouth, in Old En ff land, came hither
with her Parents in her Youth, who left their native Country for
the free Enjoyment of their religious Privileges.
" She was thro' the whole Course of her Life very exemplary for
unaflFected Piety and amiable Vertues; especially her Charity, her
courteous Affability, her Prudence, Meekness, Patience, and her
unweariedness in Well-doing. As it pleased God to afford her
great worldly Advantages, and a large Capacity of doing Good so
she improved them to the Honour of God and the Service of her
Generation; being charitable without Ostentation, and making it
her constant Rule to do good to all as she had Opportunity. She
was not only a loving and discreet Wife, and tender Parent, but a
sincere Friend to all her Acquaintance.
" She hath left behind her one Son and five Daughters, and many
Grandchildren, who rise up and call her blessed. She was justly
esteemed while living, and at Death as much regretted. As she lived
a Life of Faith and constant Obedience to the Gospel, so she died
with great inward Peace and Comfort, and the most cheerful Resig-
nation to the Will of God. The work of Righteousness shall be
Peace, and the Effect of Righteousness Quietness and Assurance
forever."
"The Life of Sir William Pepperrell, Bart.," by Usher Parsons. Boston, 1855.
Boston Weekly Post Boy, May n, 1741.
432
MARGERY PEPPERRELL
1660-1 741
(433)
The rise of the Pepperrells is the story of prudence and
romance. William Pepperrell, a young man of twenty-two
in 1668, came from Revelstoke in Devon, it is said, to fish
at the Isles of Shoals. He had already served on the Grand
Banks as apprentice to a sea captain, and soon accumulated
enough money to begin the curing of fish, while his ships,
like circling pigeons, swept farther each year from the
home nest to trade with the world. Margery Bray at Kit-
tery Point, when a girl of seventeen, had attracted his
attention, and in 1680 he had by thrift and one or two
lucky adventures acquired enough property so that they
could be married. The Brays were industrious and religious
emigrants from old Plymouth. They built ships, and all the
members of the family ventured their share of fish and oil
and lumber for the hope of luxuries from the West Indies,
Portugal, and London.
Meanwhile Mr. Pepperrell took an interest in public
affairs ; he held the office of Justice of the Peace from 1 690
to 1725, and of a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas
from 1694/5 to 1702, and from 1708 to 1720. He rose in
the militia to the rank of lieutenant colonel, and became a
founder of the church in Kittery, when it was organized in
1 7 14. When at the height of his prosperity, he began nego-
tiations for the purchase of an estate in Devon, but some
losses in shipping and the exacting duties at home soon
caused his plan to fail. He continued, nevertheless, to cor-
respond with his relatives there, and his niece, Mary
Nicholls, wrote to her "Hond uncle and ant," from
"Revelstock" [in Devon], May 16, 1722, to thank him
for a gift of money and to beg "a line or two in answer to
this for I have sent you four Leters Since I Received any."
He lived to be over eighty, and to see every one of his two
435
sons and six daughters come to maturity and marry. When
he died, 15 February, 1733/4, honored and loved by a
wide circle of friends and relatives, he had heard of the
birth of fifty grandchildren. His children were Andrew,
Mary, Margery, Joanna, Miriam, William (victor at
Louisburg and baronet) , Dorothy, and Jane. The baronet
married a granddaughter of Chief Justice Sewall, and of
their distinguished descendants in England, Edward Wal-
ford, the antiquary, is well known in America. Governor
Belcher said of Colonel Pepperrell, who was an intimate
and dear friend :
"God had furnisht him with a large share of prudence and
understanding, which had made him not only a blessing to his own
family, but of great service to his King & country, and his death
becomes a publick loss, but since it is a debt we must pay, being
annext to our natures, for it is appointed for all men once to dye,
and there is no discharge in that war."
Ettex Institute Historical Collections, July, 1901.
436
WILLIAM PEPPERRELL
1646-1733/4
{.!437 )
1
I
Hugh Peter, the second son of Thomas Dyck-
woode (?), alias Peter, and Martha, daughter of John
Treffry, was baptized, 29 June, 1598, at Fowey in Corn-
wall, took his B.A. in 161 7/1 8 at Trinity College, Cam-
bridge, and his M.A. in 1622. He had come under the
religious influence of Thomas Hooker, and soon began to
preach in Essex, where, in 1624, he married Elizabeth,
widow of Edmund Reade, of Wickford. Having been
ordained, he lectured at St. Sepulchre's to enormous audi-
ences. Envy and suspicion forced upon him a public sub-
mission to the Church of England, but since he "would not
conform to all" he went over to Holland about 1629,
where he became minister at Rotterdam. He soon began
to fear the influence of Laud, and went to New England in
the fall of 1635, becoming minister at Salem in December.
He publicly rebuked Vane for sympathy with Mrs. Hutch-
inson, was an accuser at her trial, and tried to browbeat her
defenders. His preaching, however, attracted worshipers,
and his civic enterprise was unflagging; he encouraged
fisheries and shipbuilding, and relieved famine. His wife
died in 1637, and he married, some months later. Deliver-
ance Sheflield. Of the courtship of "Mrs. D. Sh.," Peter
said: "Could I with comfort and credit desist this seems
best," and later to Winthrop : "If you find I cannot make
an honorable retreat then I shall desire to advance." Mrs.
Peter was living in New England, a charge on charity, as
late as 1677.
In 1 64 1 he went to England on an ecclesiastical and
commercial mission for the colony. He endeavored to have
Laud, then out of favor, sent to Boston in his care — an
adventure that would have been Interesting — and he won
recruits for the parliamentary army by his preaching. Be-
439
fore battles and executions he was the leading figure to
exhort and warn. He became the semi-official publicity
agent of the Cromwelllans in and out of Parliament, called
by some "the vicar-general of the independants," by others
"an imprudent and temerarious man." In 165 1 he was on
the crest of the wave, with a pension and part of Laud's
library. When Governor Coddington merrily addressed
him as Archbishop of Canterbury "it passed very well."
He continued an intermittent activity in public affairs until
his arrest, 31 August, 1660. Conversations with Cromwell
and Ireton were reported, which, together with his political
sermons, sent him to the block at Charing Cross, 16 Octo-
ber, 1660. The story of his last hours would move the
stoutest heart. He was compelled to sit within the enclosure
to see his friend John Cook hanged, cut down alive, dis-
embowelled, beheaded, and then quartered.
"And by and by the Hangman came to him all besmer'd in
Blood, and rubbing his bloody Hands together, he (tauntingly)
ask'd, ' Come, how do you like this, Mr. Peter, how do you like this
Work?' To whom he reply'ed, *I am not (I thank God) terrifyed
at it, you may do your worst!' "
To a bystander who upbraided him for causing the death
of King Charles, he replied: "Friend, you do not well to
trample on a dying man. You are greatly mistaken : I had
nothing to do In the death of the King." So ended a career
devoted to religious and civic duty as Peter understood
them, for he was unselfish, untiring, tolerant, although In-
discreet in action and violent in his language, both of jest
and invective. His daughter Elizabeth, by his second wife,
was living as late as 1 704 In London, the widow of Thomas
Barker, of All Hallows, London Wall, she and her eight
children being destitute.
440
K
O
5
h
O
>2
(441 )
Major Robert Pike, of Salisbury in New England,
gentleman, was born early in 1616, at Langford, County
Wilts, the son of John Pike and Dorothy Day. With his
parents he came, in 1635, to Newbury, but in 1639 was one
of the founders of Salisbury. He married, first, 3 April,
1 64 1, Sarah Sanders, who died i November, 1679, having
had five daughters and three sons, John, Robert, and
Moses; second, Martha Moyce, the widow of George
Goldwyer. Major Pike died, 12 December, 1706, having
been, wrote Whittier, "by all odds the most remarkable
personage of the place and time . . . one of the wisest and
worthiest of the early settlers of that region." His son, the
minister at Dover, wrote in his diary :
"My aged & Dear father Major Robert Pike deceased in the
91 or 92 year of his age, after long weakness & Illness, but no great
sickness, & he was Interred upon y^ 19th of yc same. He was always
very temperate in Ref: to meats & drinks, & Generally very
healthy."
He was a deputy to the General Court frequently from
1648 to 1681; assistant in 1682-1686, 1690, and 1691;
member of the Council of Safety in 1689, and commander-
in-chief of the forces sent against the common French and
Indian enemy in 1690; councilor in 1692— 1695.
In the winter of 1675/6 the Major and Wheelwright,
the pastor at Salisbury, fell out, the former's absence from
church and "constant pleading the wicked causes of delin-
quents" seeming to undermine ministerial authority.
Wheelwright excommunicated Pike, and the Major asked
the General Court to remove Wheelwright from office.
Finally, acting on a committee report, the General Court
persuaded the church to receive Major Pike again, and
peace reigned.
443
Pike's next great battle was In 1692, when at the peril
of his own life, he defended persons accused of witchcraft.
"This heroic act," it has been said, "seems to have been but one
of several similar efforts by him to convince those jurists of the
injustice of their course. It stands out against the deep blackness
of those proceedings, like a pillar of light upon a starless midnight
sky. Confronting these judges stood this sturdy old man, his head
whitened with the frosts of seventy-six winters, possessing a deeply
religious character, and with convictions moulded into fixed and
rigid forms by the views and practices of a lifetime. He was
hampered by his belief in the power of the devil and his imps, living
in an invisible world close to our own, to vex and ruin the bodies as
well as the souls of men ; accepting in full faith, like nearly all his
contemporaries, the most literal interpretation of those passages of
Scripture supposed to bear upon the subject. The judges might have
told him, as they told Philip English, the richest and most active
merchant of Salem, when he tried to persuade them to acquit his
wife, that this showed he was a witch himself, and have arrested
him on the charge, as English was arrested. But all such considera-
tions, though prevailing with others, were discarded by him. He
laid before the court his argument against the convictions, made not
from the stand-point of our times, which would be a comparatively
easy task, but from that of the judges and prosecutors themselv^.
He demonstrated that there was no legal way of convicting a witch,
even according to the laws and beliefs of those times."
Instead of withdrawing to Maine with Wheelwright,
or to Rhode Island with Roger Williams, or bowing to
blogtry as Cotton and Higginson did, Pike held his ground
and fought like a man. He deserves a large place in New
England history, but his biography is unknown to the
makers of encyclopedias.
"The New Puritan," by Jamci S. Pike. New York, 1879.
444
ROBERT PIKE
1616-1706
(445)
.n
Mrs. Anne Pollard, the first lady of Boston, was bom
in or near Saffron Walden, County Essex, about the year
1 62 1. She is supposed to have come over with the Win-
throp company to Charlestown in 1630, a healthy young
girl in a circle of sedate magistrates and matrons. Each
day must have seemed like a church service sixteen hours
long. When the settlers began to complain about the water
supply a red Indian — or was it Mr. Blackstone? — pointed
to the wooded peninsula across the bay and told of a spring
of clear water. It was decided to send a boat to explore ;
at the incoming of the tide the boat was made ready and
Anne clambered in to get a seat in the bow.
As the boat drew into shallow water, where the shells
and seaweed could be seen, Anne stood up, and with the
grounding of the prow leaped ashore. Hers was the first
white girl's foot on soil now pressed by a million eager feet
each day.
While some of the men crossed over to the present Spring
Lane to view the spring, she ran in and out of the blueberry
bushes that skirted the swampy lands along the present
Charles Street.
A few years later she married Mr. William Pollard,
innholder, and they lived, as she herself said, on "a certain
piece or parcel of land, scituate near the bottom of the
Common at the Westerly part thereof, in Boston aforesaid
and bounded on the Sea southwest." Here she had a house
which had been built by Richard Pepys, perhaps a kinsman
of the famous Samuel, and here old Mr. Blackstone, and
Mr. Pepys, and Mr. Pollard, and Anne used to get to-
gether for friendly gossip, as she once related in 171 1.
In 1 72 1, when her age was supposed to be one hundred
years and three months, her portrait was painted, and it is
447
still preserved at the rooms of the Massachusetts Historical
Society. During her old age she was visited by the curious,
and enjoyed her prominence. Any Harvard student who
could smoke a pipe with her, and would listen to her tale of
that momentous quest of the spring, was a welcome visitor.
Doubtless the story added detail with the years, but the
essentials may well be true. She died on Monday, 6 De-
cember, 1725, in her one hundred and fifth (?) year, and
was buried on Thursday, borne to the grave by six dis-
tinguished men, including Chief Justice Sewall. She had
twelve children; and one hundred and thirty descendants
survived her for the upbuilding of Boston. She became a
mother for the last time in 1668, when her child, David,
was born, and the same year she became a grandmother,
when the wife of her oldest son, John, gave birth to a
daughter.
Notes and Queries, 2 August, 1913, page 94.
448
ANNE POLLARD
i62i(?)-i72S
(449)
r
William Pynchon, author of "The Meritorious Price
of Our Redemption," was born in 1590, probably at
Springfield, Essex, although the family had been associated
for centuries with the neighboring town of Writtle, where
his father, John, and cousins, Sir Edward Pynchon and the
Countess of Portland, had many kinsmen. His grand-
mother, Mrs. Jane Pynchon, later wife of the distinguished
statesman and scholar, Thomas Wilson, LL.D., had re-
cently died, and Jane's father, a brutal courtier under
Henry VII, had long ago lost his head on Tower Hill.
There was also a close kinship with a lovelier character,
Dorothy Osborne, of Chicksands, whose letters still sur-
vive. Pynchon was sent at the age of eleven to Oxford,
and returned, to serve as churchwarden, at Springfield, in
1624. He had already married Ann, daughter of William
Andrew, of Twiwell, County Northampton, by whom he
had Ann, Mary, (Colonel) John, Margaret, and a son
who was drowned. His second wife was Mrs. Sanford,
whose son, Henry Smith, by a former husband, married
Ann Pynchon. Colonel Pynchon died at Wraysbury, near
Windsor, 29 October, 1662, where from his "study" he
had sent forth several learned books in his leisurely and
scholarly old age. His heraldic seal ring is still preserved.
Pynchon came to Massachusetts in 1630, having been
named a patentee in the Charter of the colony in 1628. He
settled at Roxbury as a merchant or trader ; was treasurer,
1 63 2-1 634; assistant, 1630— 1636, 1 643-1 650; commis-
sioner to govern Connecticut in 1635/6, and to govern
settlements on the Connecticut River in 1641. He had
moved, in 1636, to Agawam (later Springfield), and lived
there as a trader In furs, magistrate, and kindly autocrat of
white man and Indian alike. Meanwhile he was busy with
451
a book, destined to stir the Calvinist host to hot anger the
moment it arrived from the press in England. The magis-
trates deemed it wise not to delay action until the book
could be read with care. It was enough that on the title-
page they saw "that Christ did not suffer for us those un-
utterable torments of Gods wrath, that commonly are
called Hell-torments, and that He did not bear our sins by
Gods imputation." The General Court ordered the book
to be burned and an answer to be prepared. John Eliot
called it "a book full of error & weakens & some heresies,"
but Sir Henry Vane and other famous men defended it in
letters to the magistrates. Finally Pynchon stated to the
Court that "it hath pleased God to lett me see that I have
not spoken in my booke so fully of the prize and merrit of
Christs sufferings as I should have done." He was, how-
ever, deprived of further honors, placed under bonds, and,
in 1652, returned to England where another book was
published the same year.
"The Puritan in England and New England," by Ezra H. Byington. 1896.
New England Historical and Genealogical Register, April, 1894.
452
WILLIAM PYNCHON
1590-1662
(453)
Edward Rawson, secretary of Massachusetts, was
born, 15 April, 161 5, at Gillingham, Dorset, the son of
David RaWson, a citizen and merchant tailor of London,
and Margaret, sister of the Rev. John Wilson, later of
Boston in New England. His father died in 1 617/18,
leaving to him £100 and part of his silver plate. He mar-
ried Rachel, daughter of Richard and Rachel (Greene)
Perne, of Gillingham, then "a convenient place," where
Judge Sewall once stopped to call upon the Pernes.
Rawson came to Newbury in 1636 or 1637, and soon
became a selectman (1638) and public notary, and had the
right to perform marriages. He was a deputy from New-
bury almost every year from 1638 to 1649, serving as clerk
two years. He moved in 1650 to Boston, and was chosen
secretary of the colony annually until 1 686. Edward John-
son says that he was "of ripe capacity, a good yeoman, and
eloquent inditer." On account of these qualities, no doubt,
he was made recorder for the County of Suffolk in October,
1 65 1, and held the office until October, 1670, when his
portrait and that of his daughter Rebecca were painted
and dated that year. One of his last important official acts
as secretary was to sit on horseback in the High Street in
Boston, surrounded by the great officials of state, horse-
men, foot soldiers, drummers, and trumpeters, to proclaim
James the Second as King of England, 20 April, 1685.
In a petition to the General Court for financial aid in
1679, he relates how, in the Indian Wars of 1675-1676,
he signed over six thousand commissions, working often
from six in the morning until eleven at night. He was now
by the new government deprived of an income, for his com-
mercial adventures, such as the making of gun powder, had
not been successful, and his whole life had been devoted to
455
public service. He died, 27 August, 1693, leaving six sons
and six daughters ; three sons returned to England ; William
was a yeoman and Grindal, a clergyman ; Rebecca, married
to a rogue, had a tragic life. Mrs. Rawson, his wife, died
before 11 October, 1677.
Rawson had many interests, as a member of the First
Church in Boston, and then of the Third or Old South
Church, and as agent for the Society for Propagating the
Gospel among the Indians in New England. We have
occasional glimpses of other activities : he tried to save Mrs.
Hibbins, who was executed as a witch, "because," said
Norton, "she had more wits than her neighbors," and he
brought a limner to the Rev. John Wilson, and begged him
to permit his portrait to be painted.
Rawson owned at one time the land on both sides of the
present Bromfield Street (Rawson's Lane), from Wash-
ington to Tremont, and lived on the northerly corner of
Washington Street for many years.
The painting is owned by the New England Historic
Genealogical Society. It was engraved when in the posses-
sion of R. R. Dodge, Esq., of East Sutton, Massachusetts.
Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, May, 1898.
"The Ancestry of Edward Rawson," by E. B. Crane. Worcester, 1887.
456
EDWARD RAWSON
1615-1693
(457)
Sir Richard Saltonstall, of the parish of Halifax,
in Yorkshire, was born in 1586, and baptized on the 4th of
April, first of the eleven children of Samuel Saltonstall and
Anne, daughter of John Ramsden. His uncle of the same
name, Lord Mayor of London in 1597, was the father of
Sir Samuel Saltonstall of the Virginia Company, named by
Captain John Smith as executor of his will.
Sir Richard married, first, about 1609, Grace, daughter
of Robert Kaye of Woodsome, by whom he had Richard,
Rosamond, and Grace, Robert, Samuel, and Henry ; second,
Elizabeth West, perhaps daughter of Lord de la Warr,
who was captain general of all the colonies in Virginia;
third, Martha Wilfred.
Early in 1629, Sir Richard's name appears in the records
of the Massachusetts Bay Company, and when the pro-
posal to transfer the government of the colony to the
settlers was carried, he was made a member of the emigrant
committee, which was to cooperate with a committee of the
adventurers at home.
His first wife having died. Sir Richard embarked for
New England on the Arbella, at Yarmouth, with his chil-
dren, and arrived 12 June, 1630. He was appointed the
first assistant, and organized the settlement at Watertown
the same year. Having been under great distress from the
inclement weather, he returned to England the following
spring, leaving two sons in the colony.
Sir Richard seems to have settled in London, where he
used his influence at Court to aid Massachusetts and the
Connecticut colony. During these years he kept in close
and affectionate touch with the New England leaders, but
was sorely tried by their intolerance. Some five or ten years
before his death, he wrote a long letter to Cotton and Wil-
459
son, leaders of the Boston church, "reverend and deare
friends whom I unfeignedly love and respect." We hear
so often that bigotry in New England was justified by the
standards of the time, that much of his tolerant letter is
printed here to refute this view. Perhaps an all-wise God
has spared us the sight of some countenances, while pre-
serving the benign and manly face of Sir Richard :
"It doth not a little grieve my spirit to heare what sadde things
are reported dayly of your tyranny and persecutions in New Eng-
land, as that you fine, whip, and imprison men for their consciences.
First, you compell such to come into your assemblyes as you know
will not joyne with you in your worship, and when they show their
dislike thereof, or witness against it, then you styrre up your magis-
trates to punish them for such (as you conceyve) their publicke
afFronts. Truely, friends, this your practice of compelling any in
matters of worship to doe that whereof they are not fully persuaded,
is to make them sin, for soe the Apostle (Rom. 14 and 23), tells us,
and many are made hypocrites thereby, conforming in their out-
ward man for feare of punishment. We pray for you, and wish you
prosperitie in every way, hoped the Lord would have given you so
much light and love there, that you might have been eyes to God's
people here, and not to practice those courses in a wilderness which
you went so far to prevent. These rigid wayes have layed you very
low in the hearts of the saynts. I doe assure you I have heard them
pray in the publique assemblies that the Lord would give you meeke
and humble spirits, not to strive so much for uniformity as to keepe
the unity of the spirit in the bond of peace. . . ."
The writer of this remarkable letter continued his inter-
est in the Massachusetts colony, and had much to do with
the founding of settlements on the Connecticut River. By
his will, in 1658, he left a legacy to Harvard College,
where his son Henry had graduated in the first class.
"Ancestry and Descendants of Sir Richard Saltonstall," 1897.
460
SIR RICHARD SALTONSTALL
i586-r658(?)
(461)
Major Thomas Savage, "the every way accomplished
hero," was born in 1607 or 1608, perhaps a son of John
Savage, Esq., of Wootton Hall in the County of Salop,
and brother of Arthur, prebendary of Carlisle. He seems
to have been apprenticed to a merchant tailor.
In 1635 he closed his tailor's shop, and, armed with a
certificate from the minister at St. Albans, came to Boston.
He soon became a merchant, found a wife, obtained a
house on the north side of Bennet Street, and also pur-
chased a farm in Brookline, and then another in Braintree.
His prosperous career was checked temporarily, in 1637,
by his sympathy for Anne Hutchinson, whose daughter,
Faith, he had married that year. He made an attempt to
aid her at her trial, saying : " My mother not beinge accused
for any haynows fact but only for opinion ... I cannot con-
sent that the church should proceed yet to admonish her
for this." Two or three others tried to aid her, but Shepard
and Wilson were unrelenting, and the latter finally "de-
livered her up to Sathan" as a "hethen & a Publican & as
a Leper." Savage was disarmed, and thought it wise to
retire to Aquidneck, where he became one of the founders
of Rhode Island.
Six months later, he was again in Boston, with a change
of heart or with discretion paramount. He had joined the
Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company in 1637, and
succeeded the famous Robert Keayne as captain in 165 1,
holding the office again in 1659, 1668, 1675, and 1680.
He strengthened the forts in Boston Harbor, erecting a
barricade, in 1673, to keep out the Dutch. In 1675, at the
head of sixty horse and sixty foot, he marched toward
Mount Hope (now Bristol, Rhode Island), "where King
Philip and his Wife was; they came on him at unawares,
463
so that Philip was forced to rise from Dinner . . . Cornellis
was in this Exploit and pursued Philip so hard that he got
his Cap off his Head." But the English were so slow in
getting the head itself that the war was long and disastrous.
During those years he acquired a good estate as a mer-
chant, and in 1656 built a new house on the southerly side
of North Street, near Dock Square. His wife had died,
20 February, 165 1/2, at the birth of her seventh child,
Perez, that "young martial spark" of the Great Swamp
Fight, who was destined to die a captive among the Bar-
bary pirates. He married, 15 September, 1652, Mary, the
daughter of the Rev. Zechariah Symmes, of Charlestown.
The same year he was town clerk and selectman of Boston.
In 1654, and at intervals until 1678, he represented Boston
in the General Court, and was an assistant from 1680 until
he died, 15 February, 168 1/2. Above a grave, near the
north wall of King's Chapel, is his stone, which bears a
coat of arms — six savage little lions rampant. Of eleven
children by his second wife, eight died in infancy. Habijah
and Thomas, his first wife's sons, carried on the name.
"Major Thomas Savage, of Boston, and His Descendants," by Lawrence Park.
Boston, 19 14.
"History of the Military Company of the Massachusetts," by Oliver A. Roberts.
Boston, 1895, Volume i, page 24.
464
THOMAS SAVAGE
1607/8-1681/2
(465)
Samuel Sewall, chief justice of Massachusetts, was
born, 28 March, 1652, at Bishopstoke, Hants, the son of
the Rev. Henry and Jane (Dummer) Sewall, who had
already been for a short season at Newbury, in New Eng-
land. Henry came back to America in 1659, and Mrs.
Sewall, with her little family, returned to Newbury in 1 66 1 .
Samuel, their second child, studied at Baddesley and Rum-
sey in old England, and was fitted by the minister at our
Newbury for Harvard, where he graduated in 167 1. In a
class of eleven he ranked third in social position. He had
a bent for the ministry; but on marrying, 28 February,
1675/6, Hannah, daughter of John Hull, the mint master,
he turned for three years to the more lucrative form of
public influence, the printer's press, and then as a merchant
rose rapidly in prosperity and public regard.
It was his misfortune to be associated, in 1692, with the
execution of several persons for witchcraft, that handiwork
of the devil, in which all more or less believed. But he
came to feel that the convictions were based on "spectral
evidence" (testimony of the bewitched that they suffered
through apparitions of absent persons) — evidence not
valid in law ; he publicly confessed his regret, and ever after
showed repentance by fasting and prayer one day in each
year.
Sewall, although he knew little of law, except as laid
down in the Bible, became judge of probate in 17 17, and
chief justice of the Superior Court of Judicature in 171 8;
he retired from both offices in 1728, and died at Boston
"at half an hour past five in the morning," i January,
1729/30. He had been a member of the Council for thirty-
three years, and had held many other positions of varying
importance.
467
Two literary compositions stand out peculiarly as allied
with his name, a diary of Boston's social, political, and
religious life, from 1674 to 1729 — very frank and there-
fore valuable for a study of the Puritan mind; and a pam-
phlet, issued in 1700, and entitled "The Selling of
Joseph," in which he discusses and condemns men who
"hold their neighbors and brethren under the rigor of per-
petual bondage," and says: "There is no proportion be-
tween Twenty Pieces of Silver and LIBERTY."
By his wife, Hannah, the judge had fourteen children,
of whom Samuel, Elizabeth (wife of Grove Hirst) , Rev.
Joseph, Mary (wife of Samuel Gerrish), and Judith (wife
of Rev. William Cooper), lived to make their place in the
world. Sewall married, second, 29 October, 17 19, Abigail,
daughter of Jacob Melyen, and third, Mary, daughter of
Henry Shrimpton. Both were widows of prominence, and
in that day marriage of elderly widowers and widows was
held to be a duty not to be neglected. For this reason he
sought comfort in marriage after each bereavement, and
his diary narrates in great detail his courtships, his rebuffs,
and his conquests. But Sewall was an able and distinguished
citizen, too much associated in our minds, it is to be feared,
with social events which played only a minor part in the
main current of his life.
" Stately and slow, with thoughtful air,
His black cap hiding his whitened hair,
Walks the Judge of the great Assize,
Samuel Sewall, the good and wise."
'The Diary of Samuel Sewall." Massachusetts Historical Society Collections. Fifth
Series.
'Stelligeri and Other Essays," by Barrett Wendell. New York, 1893.
468
^ M O
(469)
Stephen Sewall, first Register of Probate for Essex
County, Massachusetts, was born, 19 August, 1657, at
Baddesley, County Warwick, England. His father, the
Rev. Henry Sewall, was settled there until 1659. Two
years later the family were in New England, where the
father preached until his death in 1700.
Stephen married, 13 June, 1682, Margaret, daughter of
the Rev. Jonathan Mitchell, and had, some say, seventeen
children, although ten are mentioned in the introduction to
Samuel Sewall's Diary. Most of Stephen's life was passed
in Salem, where he was prominent in the courts, the militia,
and the church. A list of his offices would fill a page.
In the summer of the year 1703, Captain John Quelch
and his crew had put to sea in the brigantine Charles,
owned by John Colman and other well-known merchants,
to prey on Portuguese shipping. After a successful voyage
they arrived at Marblehead in May, 1704, loaded with
plunder, and their arrest was ordered for possible piracy.
They immediately scattered, and word was received that
nearly a dozen armed sailors were seen at a lonely house on
Cape Ann. Major Sewall, with a small company, went to
Gloucester, where he heard that the pirates had set sail.
He enlisted over forty volunteers for pursuit; they em-
barked toward sunset in a shallop, the Trial, and a pinnace,
the men on these overloaded boats cheering as they put off.
They reached the Isles of Shoals the next morning, sur-
prised the bloody pirates, and secured them without firing
a gun. The prisoners were marched off to Boston, where
Major Sewall was warmly thanked by the governor.
Pirates were a very real terror in those days, and Chief
Justice Sewall, who dined with Mrs. Stephen Sewall the
night of the adventure, had ill success in his attempt to quiet
471
her fears. Quelch and his companions were convicted, and
hanged in sight of Copp's Hill.
Major Sewall was recompensed handsomely from
Quelch's treasure for risking his life. Whether Quelch was
really a pirate or not is still a subject for dispute.
In 1686, Sewall was joint clerk of the Inferior Court of
Pleas and General Sessions of the Peace, and in July, 1692,
Register of Deeds, two positions which he held until his
death, 17 October, 1725, His son, Mitchell, succeeded him
as clerk of the courts ; another son, Stephen, became chief
justice of the Superior Court of Judicature — sons worthy
of their parentage.
When Major Sewall was buried in the Broad Street
ground the great guns at the fort boomed, the bells of the
churches tolled, mourning gloves came forth in profusion
to attest the importance of the occasion, and rum and wine
flowed for those to whom the luxury of tears had been
denied.
Essex Institute Historical Collections, February, 1861.
"Province Acts and Resolves," Goodell, Volume 8.
472
STEPHEN SEWALL
1657-1725
(473)
Elizabeth Richardson, later Mrs. David Stoddard,
of Boston, was born in England, the daughter of John
Richardson and of Sarah (Roberts), his wife, whose sister
was well known as Mrs. Samuel Shrimpton, and later
as Mrs. Simeon Stoddard. Elizabeth Richardson came
over to visit her aunt, Mrs. Shrimpton, in Boston, and
became engaged to her aunt's son, Samuel Shrimpton, Jr.
Judge Sewall made the following record of the wedding,
which took place Friday, 7 May, 1696:
"Col. Shrimpton marries his Son to his wive's Sisters daughter,
Elisabeth Richardson. All of the Council in Town were invited to
the Wedding, and many others. Only I was not spoken to. As I
was glad not to be there because the lawfullness of the intermarrying
of Cousin-Germans is doubted; so it grieves me to be taken up in
the Lips of Talkers, and to be in such a Condition that Col. Shrimp-
ton shall be under a temptation in defence of Himself, to wound
me ; if any should hapen to say, Why was not such a one here? The
Lord help me not to do, or neglect any thing that should prevent
the dwelling of brethren together in unity."
An only child was born to the younger Mr. and Mrs.
Shrimpton, 26 August, 1702, and was named Elizabeth.
This child married a prominent Antigua merchant, John
Yeamans (pronounced Yemmons), and died at the age of
nineteen, leaving a baby, Shute Shrimpton Yeamans.
Samuel Shrimpton, Jr., died 25 May, 1703, and for ten
years his widow lived in Boston, having her mother and her
child as her companions. Her mother then died, and about
eight months later, 23 December, 17 13, she married (pri-
vately, as Sewall says) David Stoddard, of King Street,
whose father had married her mother in 1 709. By him she
had three daughters, who became well known in the social
life of Boston: Mary, the wife of the famous Rev. Dr.
475
Charles Chauncy, of the First Church ; Sarah, the wife of
Deacon Thomas Greenough; and Mehitable, the wife of
William Hyslop. From Mrs. Greenough and Mrs. Hyslop
many Bostonians are descended.
David Stoddard died, 8 March, 1723, in the thirty-
eighth year of his age. Sewall calls him "amiable and be-
loved." His widow lived for nearly thirty-five years longer,
dying 25 June, 1757.
— Roberts=:Elizabeth
of England I Her portrait
painted in 1675
Nicholas
Roberts
of Boston
Capt. Thomas=:Elizabeth=:Col. Samuel = Simeon :=
Breedon,
first husband,
died abt 1670
Roberts,
born abt
1650
Portrait
Shrimpton, Stoddard,
second third
husband, husband
died 1697/8
Samuel:
Shrimpton, Jr.,
only child,
born 1673
died 1703
I I
: Elizabeth Richardson :^ David Stoddard,
married first in 1696 second husband,
married again in 1 71 3 born 1685
Portrait as a child
Sarah=John
Roberts
Richardson,
died before
1700
Elizabeth=John Maryz=Rev. Charles Sarah=Thomas Mehitable=: William
Shrimpton Yeamans Stoddard Chauncy Stoddard Greenough Stoddard Hyslop
476
ELIZABETH STODDARD
Died 1757
Formerly Mrs. Samuel Shrimpton, Jr.
(477)
Mrs. Simeon Stoddard, proprietor of Noodle's Island
(nowEast Boston) , and of Beacon Hill, was born about the
middle of the seventeenth century' in England, a sister of
Nicholas Roberts, who became a merchant in Boston. She
was a young widow, Mrs. Elizabeth Breeden, when she met
and married, about 1672, Colonel Samuel Shrimpton, one
of the wealthy merchants of New England. They soon
returned to his estate of Noodle's Island, which he had
acquired in 1670. He at once purchased Beacon Hill, in-
cluding much of the present State House site, but not the
plot on which the beacon stood, to add to possessions in
King (now State) Street; he also bought the Newdigate
farm in Chelsea, lands in Dorchester, in Brooldine, and
along the Boston water front. Their only child, Samuel
Shrimpton, Jr., was born in Boston, 20 April, 1673.
Her social life might be traced with the aid of diaries
through the forty years which followed. On the 7th of
May, 1696, her son married Elizabeth Richardson, daugh-
ter of her sister Sarah, who had married John Richardson.
This was a marriage of first cousins, to which Judge Sewall
was known to be opposed. He was not invited to the wed-
ding, and his sensitiveness, lest the fact should be noticed
by his friends, produced an extraordinary outburst of com-
munion with the Lord, as recorded in his diary.
Nearly two years later, oh 8 February, 1697/8, Colonel
Shrimpton died of apoplexy, aged fifty-five. With boom-
ing of guns, he was buried in great solemnity; ten military
companies, coaches, and horses decked in mourning, with
heraldic hatchments and death's heads, wended their way
to "the new burying place," where paths had been made at
*Scc Sewall's Diary, April i8, 1713.
479
great expense in the deep snow. Mrs. Shrimpton was es-
corted by the minister.
Mrs. Shrimpton was now a widow of great wealth, and
a center of attention. Sewall visited her in 1705, riding in
a calash to her home on Noodle's Island. He was partial
to wealthy widows, as his diary shows. She married, third,
31 May, 1709, Simeon Stoddard, a very successful mer-
chant, who was devoted to charitable and religious work.
Mrs. Stoddard, as she now was known, had lost her only
child, Samuel, 25 May, 1703, and she willed her large
estate, including several brick houses in Boston, to her
granddaughter, Elizabeth Shrimpton, who, at her mother's
death, was to become the owner of Noodle's Island. Some
years later this granddaughter married John Yeamans, of
Antigua and Boston ; but the line died out.
Mrs. Simeon Stoddard expired 17 April, 17 13. Sewall
writes: "Friday, April 17. Madam Elizabeth Stoddard
dyes about 4 m. : reckon'd a vertuous Gentlewoman ; Has
languish'd a long time." She was buried on the 22d. Her
nearest of kin today are the descendants of her niece, Eliz-
abeth (Richardson) Shrimpton, by a second husband,
David Stoddard, son of Simeon, by a former wife. Mem-
bers of the older family circle are described and pictured
in General Sumner's "History of East Boston," published
in 1858. Later descendants bear the names of Greenough
and Hyslop.
480
ELIZABETH STODDARD
Died 1713
Formerly Mrs. Samuel Shrimpton
(481)
William Stoughton, preacher and witchcraft judge,
was born, 30 September, 1631, probably in England, since
his father's name (Israel) does not appear on records here
until 1632. He was too young to know of his father's
punishment for writing a book, obnoxious to the General
Court in Massachusetts, but he must have been mature
enough to feel his death in 1 644, while an officer in Colonel
Rainborow's regiment in England. After graduating
at Harvard, in 1650, Stoughton studied divinity, and
preached in Sussex, receiving meanwhile his M.A. at Ox-
ford, and a Fellowship at New College. Ejected from his
living at the Restoration of the Stuarts, he returned to
Dorchester, where he continued to live, unmarried, until
his death, 7 July, 1701.
He was offered several pastorates, but preferred civil
life, serving, first, as a selectman and magistrate, in 1671.
In 1674 he began his long service of "keeping Court."
Two years later, he was in England on a not wholly suc-
cessful official mission, and on his return served as deputy
president, when Dudley became the head of the New Eng-
land government in May, 1686. He was appointed to
conduct the courts two months later. In December, 1686,
Andros arrived, and Stoughton lost his popularity by ac-
cepting office in the Council. His political affiliations were
with the moderates who sought to conciliate the Crown.
For several years he was in the background, but won the
confidence of Cotton Mather, whose influence with Increase
Mather, then in London, brought about Stoughton's ap-
pointment as lieutenant governor under Sir William Phips.
This was in 1692, and witchcraft was the talk of the town.
Phips, without adequate authority, appointed Stoughton
chief justice of a special tribunal to try the witches.
483
Stoughton set out to clear the land of them, and knew
neither mercy nor change of heart. Phips, however, be-
came alarmed in February, 1692/3, and ordered a reprieve
for several who were condemned to speedy execution. He
writes: "The Lieut. Gov. upon this occasion was inraged
& filled with passionate anger & refused to sitt upon ye
bench." Phips left Boston in 1694, and Lord Bellomont
arrived in May, 1699, to remain but a few months.
Stoughton meanwhile commanded the military and naval
forces of the Province, and dominated the legislative, ad-
ministrative, and judicial functions of government through
a period of despotism unknown before in New England.
But death came at a time when his power was waning.
What are we to think of human evaluation when it is
said by one writer that with Stoughton's burial much of
New England's glory was entombed, and by another that
he was "pudding faced, sanctimonious and unfeeling" ? In
his sermon, "New-Englands True Interest Not to Lie," he
spoke the now famous words : "God sifted a whole Nation
that he might send choice Grain over into this Wilderness."
He was a generous benefactor to college and church, and
showed by his will that he had given thought to elementary,
as well as higher, education. The following observation,
made by him in 1 670, has lost none of its savour :
"There are many empty outside Custom born Christians now
adayes: A day of temptation will discover what such as these will
come to, when they are catcht in Satans snares, and become the
Reproach of the Gospel and of a good Cause. O let us get good
sound Principles, for want whereof the Profession of so many hath
run itself out of breath, and broke its neck in these dayes."
Sibley's "Biographical Sketches of Graduates of Harvard University." Cambridge,
1873.
WILLIAM STOUGHTON
1631-1701
(485)
The Rev. Thomas Thacher was born, i May, 1620,
at Milton Clevedon, County Somerset, where his father,
the Rev. Peter Thacher, was vicar, but his youth was spent
at the cathedral town of Salisbury. There his father be-
came rector of St. Edmund's, and as the son walked those
narrow streets bystanders pointed him out for his piety,
and said: "There goes a Puritan." In 1635 he came to
Boston with his uncle, and studied medicine and theology
with the Rev. Charles Chauncy, then living at Scituate.
He married, 11 May, 1643, Elizabeth, daughter of the
Rev. Ralph Partridge, of Duxbury ; and became minister of
the church at Weymouth, 2 January, 1644/5, where he
labored for twenty years. "His good sense," says Savage
in his curiously abbreviated words, "unit, with a general
acquaint, in science of that day, acquir. for him great reput.
as a physician, and to complete his honors, Mather wh.
always loves an exaggera. makes him compose a Hebrew
Lexicon, so compreess. 'that within one sheet of paper, he
had every considerable word of the language.' " His wife
went, "after a very triumphant manner, to be forever with
the Lord," 2 June, 1664. He moved to Boston about 1667,
having married Margaret, the widow of Jacob Sheafe
and daughter of Henry Webb. He preached occasionally
in Boston, but devoted his time chiefly to the work of a
physician, and issued a tract, in 1677, on "the small pocks
or measels."
In 1670 he became the first minister of a new society in
Boston, since called the Third or Old South Churchy
formed at the time Davenport was brought from New
Haven to succeed Wilson at the First Church. He had a
serious illness in 1676, and in 1678 a colleague was ob-
tained for his relief. In 1677 his warfare with Quakerism
487
— "that sink of all errors," as Mather describes it —
brought trouble, in the form of an invasion of the church,
at sermon time, by "a female Quaker, in a Canvas Frock,
her hair disshevelled, and loose like a Periwigg, her face as
black as ink." After a career of prominence in Boston he
died, 15 October, 1678. The last words which he ever
spoke in a sermon were these: "God help us, that as we
live by faith, so we may walk in it."
His influence upon his congregation may be inferred
from Chief Justice Sewall's comment, after listening to
Thacher, on 18 February, 1676/7: "Methought it was
rather a privilege to dye, and therein be conformed to
Christ, than remaining alive at his coming, to be changed."
Thacher left children, Thomas, Ralph, Peter, Patience,
and Elizabeth. His portrait is in the Old South Meeting-
house, Boston. The mouth is said to be characteristic of
the Thachers to this day.
Foote's "Annals of King's Chapel," Volume i. Boston, 1882.
488
THOMAS THACHER
I 620-1 678
(4«9)
Sir Henry Vane, the younger, was baptized, 26 May,
1 6 13, at Debden in Essex. He received his education at
Westminster School and at Oxford, imbibing republican
principles foreign to the training of the time-serving "old
Sir Henry." He visited Vienna and Geneva in 1631, and
as he matured, he became more and more averse to the
Church of England. His sojourn in Boston, from 1635 to
1637, brought him into prominence while he was still un-
settled in religion and inexperienced in politics. His long
hair and fine clothes repelled, until his personal charm was
felt. Although very young, the discontented gathered
about him, and he was chosen governor. Unfortunately for
Vane, Anne Hutchinson, encouraged by two clergymen,
John Cotton and John Wheelwright, was this very year
giving lectures at her house on religious subjects. The
governor approved either her views or her courage, and
became known as her defender. Bitter discord followed,
and, smarting under a remark made by Hugh Peter, he
burst into tears and offered to resign. At the next election
Winthrop adroitly had the court of election held at Cam-
bridge, his support coming from the country. Hot blood
was aroused, blows were struck, and Winthrop won, al-
though Boston stood by Vane. The four halberdiers who
accompanied Vane on state occasions and to church re-
fused to so honor Winthrop, and the populace would not
turn out on his home-coming. They elected Vane a deputy,
and the election was disallowed. They elected him a second
time, and Winthrop did not attempt to thwart him again.
Vane, however, grew disgusted with the Massachusetts
view of toleration, and returned to England at once, his
friends gathering in great numbers, as Winthrop states,
to see his ship sail.
491
He married in July, 1639, Frances, a daughter of Sir
Christopher Wray, of Ashby, in Lincolnshire, by whom he
left seven sons and seven daughters. He became a member
of Parliament for Hull, joint treasurer of the navy, and a
friend of Pym and Hampden ; backed by Cromwell, he was
virtually the civil leader of England from 1643 to 1653.
"Vane, young in years but in sage counsel old," at the
time when Cromwell broke up the Rump Parliament, was
in opposition to him, and retired to Raby Castle, where he
wrote his "Healing Question" (1656), and was committed
to prison for four months. After Cromwell died he re-
turned to public life. Charles II said to Clarendon : "He is
certainly too dangerous a man to let live, if we can honestly
put him out of the way." He was arrested, convicted of
treason, and executed on Tower Hill, 14 June, 1662.
Pepys speaks of his miraculous courage on that unhappy
day.
His portrait was engraved by Faithorne. The National
Portrait Gallery has a painting by William Dobson, re-
produced in Butler's "Historical Portraits," page 124.
492
z
X
(493)
Thomas Venner, "fifth-monarchy man," was born
near the beginning of the seventeenth century, and was
connected possibly with a family of the name at Winches-
ter, England. He first comes into notice, 25 February,
1637/8, as a member of the church at Salem, in Massachu-
setts. A month later he was made a freeman, in 1638 and
1640 a juryman, and in 1642 a constable. His trade of
cooper occupied his hands, but his mind dwelt on religion,
and he attempted to lead a company to the Bahamas to
encourage the churches there. About 1644 he moved to
Boston to make barrels for a brewer, and settled near the
State Street Custom House. The next year he joined the
Artillery Company, and learned to wield a halbert to such
eflfect that he later became famous in a day. His restless
mind organized, in 1648, a coopers' guild or trades union,
showing that he already had become a leader of men. But
he very soon sought a larger stage, and in October, 1651,
took his family to London.
His fanaticism gathered followers in Coleman Street,
and their plan to replace first the Cromwelllan and then
the Stuart power by the Kingdom of Christ — the successor
of Assyria, Persia, Macedonia, and Rome, the four mon-
archies— took shape. Their first venture, in April, 1657,
was dealt with gently by the Protector, Their second came
in January, 1661, when forty crazy enthusiasts rushed from
street to street, shouting "Live King Jesus," and carrying
banners inscribed, "For the Lord God and Gideon." This
was on the 6th of January. Several men were killed, but
the followers of Venner were assured that they were to be
protected by divine power, and so had no fear. Pepys
thought that five hundred armed rebels were abroad when
Venner retired to Hampstead to reorganize his band.
495
London was In a panic, and forty thousand troops were
called to arms.
Then, on the 9th and loth, the pitiful little band sallied
forth to die for their Christ, forty against forty thousand.
Venner, bearing up under many wounds, was taken; and
he, with nineteen others, was sentenced, on the 17th, at
the Old Bailey, for treason. His plea, that Jesus led them,
was of no avail. On the 19th, Pepys, rolling along in a
coach toward Whitehall, passed the Boston wine cooper
on his sledge, being carried to Swan Alley, in Coleman
Street, for execution. What a dramatic moment for the
pen of a Dickens ! At the gallows Venner said little, but
his fellow-sufferer, Hodgklns, raved until the sheriff ordered
the hangman "to hasten from his employment of quarter-
ing Venner, to turn him off — so, as in that mad religion
they lived In the same they died."
Throughout the year 1661 the Fifth Monarchy cause
kept alive, and from Yorkshire to Devonshire, wherever
men hated the Court and the Prayer Book, preachers urged
rebellion. Medley, of Seething Lane, who married Ven-
ner's daughter, was their scribe and accountant, and
Andrews, a rich brewer, furnished the funds.
By his wife, Alice, Venner had at least three children,
who were born in Salem, Thomas, Hannah, and Samuel;
the last named was probably the Samuel of Barbados,
whose will, dated 1671, was probated In Boston. The
widow, Alice, died near St. Dionls Backchurch, London,
toward the end of February in 169 1/2, and was "carried
away to be burled to TIndells ground."
"Thomas Venner," by Charles E. Banks. In New England Historical and Genea-
logical Register, October, 1893.
496
TTuJ -K^lmet rvas a Crianni^ hyRZV ehdunt^
TTiLS J&Jb a-b WAS a, Sc^tfrfor the J^atiim.
Sr the TifOt-TfoiUiyciw anau Is- orc^e'l
Kirr/f VetituTiuxttafahnaJ.eya£nLpUc'L-
THOMAS VENNER
Executed i66x
(497^
Major John Walley was born, about 1644, probably
in London, where his father, the Rev. Thomas Walley,
was then rector of St. Mary's, White Chapel. He came to
Boston as a youth, and for many years was a prominent
figure. In an age of discord and uncharitableness he made
no enemies. The lands conquered from King Philip were
granted by King Charles to the "Colony of New Plym-
outh" in January, 1679/80, and by the colony they were
sold to John Walley, Nathaniel Byfield, and two others the
same year. Walley had a home at Bristol in this territory,
but was so occupied with official business that he lived much
in Boston. He was a member of the Council, but when
named a member of Andros's Council, he declined to act.
He was judge of the Superior Court from 1700 to 171 1.
Walley belonged to the Ancient and Honorable Artillery
Company, and as lieutenant general commanded the land
forces of Sir William Phips's expedition against Canada
in 1690; during this year he kept a diary of events. The
expedition failed through inadequate preparation and, as
some said, through lack of dash in execution of the plan
of campaign. For a time his reputation suffered some
eclipse. In a long statement, or diary, given to the Council,
27 November, 1690, he concludes:
"Some question our courage, that wee proceeded no further; as
things were circumstanced, others would a questioned our prudence,
if wee had ; were it a fault, it was the act of a council of warr ; we
must undergoe the censures of many: In the mean time, our con-
sciences doe not accuse us, neither are we most, yea allmost all, of
us, afraid or ashamed to answer our actions, before any that can or
shall call us to an account for the same, nor unwilling to give any
farther satisfaction to any reasonable men that shall desire it.'
He married Sarah , and had Sarah, John, Hannah,
499
Mary, Elizabeth, Lydia, and John. Sarah married Charles
Chauncy and became mother of the clergyman of that
name; Elizabeth married the Rev. Joseph Sewall, son of
the Chief Justice ; and John married Bethiah Eyre. The
descendants of these children were numerous and distin-
guished. The other children died early. Mrs. Walley,
whose maiden name is not known, died 1 1 November, 1 7 1 1 .
Major Walley died at Boston, 11 January, 1711/12, at
the age of sixt)'-eight. Twelve days earlier he called in five
distinguished, clergymen to pray for relief from the pain
which afflicted his foot. To cheer the sufferer they vied
one with another in prophecy. "Mr. Wadsworth insisted
pretty much," said Sewall, "that several in the room might
dy before Major Walley; all of them might. Dr. C.
Mather said Probably some remarkable person in the room
might dye before Major Walley."
The portrait, which was reproduced first in Freeman's
"History of Cape Cod," Boston, 1858, represents Major
Walley as a boy. The original was owned at that time,
apparently, by the Honorable Samuel H. Walley, of
Boston. It is now owned by Grenville Vernon, Esq., of
New York.
"Family-Memorials," by Edward Elbridge Salisbury. 1885, page 283.
500
JOHN WALLEY
i644(?)-i7ii/ia
(Isoi )
The Rev. John Wheelwright, who troubled the
waters of New England from his coming, in 1636, to the
time of his death at Salisbury, in Massachusetts, 1 5 Novem-
ber, 1679, at the age of eighty-seven, was born in or near
Saleby, County Lincoln, the son of Robert and Katherine
Wheelwright ; he was a graduate of Sydney-Sussex College
in 1 6 14/15, and an athlete whom Cromwell affected to fear
above an army in the field.
He married, at Billesby, Lincolnshire, 8 November,
162 1, Mary Storre, a daughter of the vicar, Thomas
Storre, and succeeded to the benefice of Billesby, 2 April,
1623. He buried his first wife 18 May, 1629, and mar^
ried, second, in the winter of 1629/30, Mary, daughter of
Edward Hutchinson, of Alford. Wheelwright was super-
seded in 1 63 1/2, and came to Boston in 1636. He was
scarcely settled at Mt. Wollaston (Quincy ) , when he joined
the now famous Anne Hutchinson and Governor Vane in
contention over "the Covenant of Grace" vs. "the Cove-
nant of Works." Their opponents, the Conservatives, had
Wheelwright convicted of sedition, and when Winthrop,
the Conservative candidate for governor, defeated Vane,
Wheelwright lost influence, was disfranchised, and ban-
ished.
With his sympathizers, Wheelwright founded Exeter,
New Hampshire. When the Bay colony annexed Exeter,
some six years later, he led his friends to Wells on the
coast of Maine. In October, 1643, Wheelwright, weary
of the severe climate, or the rough settlers, or both, ob-
tained permission to return to Massachusetts, confessing
himself misled by "the false glare of Satan's temptations
and mine own distempered passions." He became an assist-
ant to the pastor at Hampton in 1647, but ten years later
503
went to England, where he lived much with Vane until
Sir Henry was executed. Then he returned to become
pastor of the church at Salisbury, He was at heart an
"Antinomian," and an opponent of Calvinism to the end,
believing that conduct is no evidence of indwelling divine
grace. His many children, two or more sons and six daugh-
ters, showed by alliance and friendship that they were
more in sympathy with the Church of England than with
Puritan theology.
His portrait, at the State House in Boston, is inscribed
in yellow paint at the extreme upper left edge : [^tat] is
Suae 8 [o or 84?], and at the left in black, on a level with
the white collar : [iEtat] is Suae 84
[Anno D]omini 1677
These two i^iscriptions would make his birth about 1593,
and his age at graduation about twenty-one. The pic-
ture has been said by Dr. Bentley to represent the Rev.
Francis Higginson, who died in 1630, and also his son,
John Higginson, of whom no portrait, says Mather, was
ever made. If the inscription is contemporary with the
painting (the date and technique agree measurably with
the dated authentic portrait of Rawson), then tradition
recorded in Bentley's Diary would seem in error.
504
(SOS)
Edward Winslow, governor of Plymouth, was born,
1 8 October, 1595, at Droitwich, near Worcester, the son
of Edward and Magdalen (Oliver) Winslow, who had
been married in November, 1594. He joined the Pilgrim
colony in Leyden in 161 7, while on a tour in Holland; and
was at work as a printer when he was married, 13 (not 16)
May, 161 8, to Elizabeth Barker. They came on the
Mayflower from Southampton in July, 1620, to settle in
the Bay. Here she died, 24 March, 1 620/1. Seven weeks
later, on 1 2 May, he married Susanna, widow of William
White, this being the first marriage to take place in New
England.
Winslow was a man well fitted for public affairs, and his
career was in part that of a diplomat, serving an isolated
and somewhat obscure colony of religious enthusiasts. In
1623 he went to England, where he issued a book, en-
titled "Good Newes from New England." He was chosen
an assistant of Plymouth colony from 1624 to 1647, ^^"
cept in 1633, 1636, and 1644, when he served as governor;
and was agent of the colony abroad in 1623, 1624, 1635,
and 1646.
He was sent to England to consult with the adventurers
interested in the colony, to obtain protection from the
French and Dutch, and to defend the government from
charges by disaffected persons. While striving to aid others,
he was himself the victim of a charge of preaching, not
being in holy orders, and was, as a separatist, thrown into
the Fleet prison in 1635, through the influence of Gorges
and Morton, but was soon released. His last visit to Eng-
land did not have the approval of Governor Bradford, and
his attempt to controvert charges of cruelty and bigotry at
New Plymouth led to bitter pamphlet warfare. The gen-
507
eral effect of his activities, however, was favorable to his
reputation, and men like Sir Henry Vane became his sup-
porters.
His compensation for services as agent for Plymouth
had been inconsiderable, and as early as 1650 he found
opportunity to take part in public business in England.
He went out to the West Indies in 1655, as one of three
commissioners appointed by Cromwell to accompany the
fleet, under Admiral Penn, in its attempt on St. Domingo.
After humiliating defeat, the ships left the Island of
Hispaniola for Jamaica; Winslow fell ill of a fever, and
died on shipboard in the intense heat, 8 May, 1655 (old
style) — not in 1654, as often given. In Morton's "Memo-
rial" his death is commemorated in this doggerel:
"The eighth of May, went from Spaniola's shore,
God took from us our grand commissioner,
Winslow by name ; a man in chiefest trust,
Whose life was sweet and conversation just."
Governor Winslow had several sons who died in infancy,
as well as Josiah, who became governor, and a daughter,
Elizabeth, the wife, first, of Robert Brooks, and second,
of George Curwin. His widow died, i October, 1680, at
their home in Marshfield.
Governor Winslow was a popular administrator, a friend
of Cromwell and Vane in England, and of Winthrop and
Bradford here. Prominent men in the Barbados once peti-
tioned for his appointment as governor over them. His
portrait shows the face of a man of strong but temperate
character, refinement, and fine feeling.
"History of Plymouth Plantation," by William Bradford. Boston, 1912.
EDWARD WINSLOW
1595-1655
(509)
1
Penelope, the wife of Governor Joslah Winslow, of
Plymouth, was baptized in 1633, at Bures, County Suffolk,
the daughter of Herbert Pelham, of Ferriers Court,
County Essex, by his wife, Jemima, daughter of Thomas
Waldegrave. When her mother died, Penelope, with two
brothers and two sisters, survived. The Colonial spirit was
in the blood, for her grandfather, Herbert Pelham, had
married, about 1599, Penelope, sister of the third Lord de
la Warr, of the Virginia company ; and several of the Pel-
ham family were in New England in 1635, including an
aunt Penelope, who jilted a lover to marry Governor
Bellingham.
Penelope's father came out to Boston in 1638, following
the death of his wife, Jemima. A little later he married
Elizabeth, the widow of Roger Harlakenden, and with
their increasing family, Penelope grew to womanhood. In
1657, when at the age of twenty- four, she married Josiah
Winslow, the accomplished son of the late governor of
Plymouth colony. Josiah was commander-in-chief of the
forces of the United Colonies in King Philip's War, and
after holding many minor offices, served as governor of
Plymouth from 1673 until his death, 18 December, 1680,
at "Careswell" in Marshfield. He was buried at the ex-
pense of the colony, in testimony of the colony's love and
affection. "He had," writes Lemuel Shattuck, "acquired
the distinction of being the most accomplished gentleman
and the most delightful companion in the colony; and the
attractions of the festive board at Careswell were not a
little heightened by the charm of his beautiful wife." She
and her husband are frequently mentioned in her father's
long will, and they received half of his books and other
"moveables," then in New England. She had four chil-
511
dren, two of whom grew to maturity, Elizabeth, the wife
of Stephen Burton, and Isaac Winslow, the chief justice
of the Court of Common Pleas. She died, 7 December,
1703, at Marshfield.
Penelope Winslow's portrait hangs beside that of her
husband in Pilgrim Hall, Plymouth.
It has always been a matter of regret that so few of the
Plymouth faces have come down to us. What would we
not give for a glimpse of the features of Governor Brad-
ford, Mary Chilton, John Alden, William Brewster, or
John Carver? They were all "the first beginers and, in a
sort, the foundation of all the Plantations and Colonies in
New England." But it is fortunate that such excellent
portraits as those of the Winslows have survived. Edward
Winslow's face must do duty for all early Plymouth set-
tlers, since through him we get our only vision of the May-
flower type. Penelope Pelham may well be taken as a type
of the early settlers of Boston.
New England Historical and Genealogical Register, October, 1850, page 299; Jvij,
1879, page 291.
512
PENELOPE WINSLOW
1633-1703
(513)
John Winthrop, governor of Massachusetts, and "the
Moses of New England," was born, 12 January, 1587/8,
at Edwardston, Suffolk, the son of Adam and Anne
(Browne) Winthrop. His father was a lawyer, associated
with the University at Cambridge, and his two grand-
fathers were prosperous clothiers. His own nephew. Sir
George Downing, perpetuated his name in the famous
Downing Street of London. Winthrop entered Trinity
College, 2 December, 1602, but left early in order to
marry, 16 April, 1605, Mary, daughter of John Forth,
by whom he had John, governor of Connecticut, two other
sons, and two daughters. Mary died 26 June, 161 5. Six
months later he married Thomasme, daughter of William
Clopton, and lost her, 7 December, 161 6. His third wife,
Margaret, daughter of Sir John Tyndal, was married to
him 29 April, 161 8. She became the mother of Stephen,
four other sons, and two daughters, and died 14 June,
1647. His estate was now at a low ebb, and it was for-
tunate that his fourth wife was Martha, daughter of Cap-
tain William Rainborow and the well-endowed widow of
Thomas Coytmore. Governor Winthrop died 26 March,
1649, and was buried in the King's Chapel Graveyard,
Boston.
Winthrop's character was essentially gentle and emo-
tional, except as modified by the times; in early days, of
"the self-accusing puritanic type" ; in later years, when re-
buked for leniency, growing gradually narrower and more
severe, yet always, as in his last illness, he was opposed to
harsh punishment of those who did not see the truth as he
had been taught to see it. His first marriage, at the age of
seventeen, left his ideals unsatisfied ; he turned morbidly to
religious experience, and he wrote of his second wife's
515
death In this strain. Rarely has the passing of a young life
from earth been so touchingly and so minutely described
as In the death of Thomaslne Winthrop. As the story draws
toward its end, he writes :
" While I spake to hir of any thinge that was comfortable, as the
promises of the Gospell, & the happie estate she was entringe into,
she would lye still & fixe her eyes stedfastly upon me, & if I ceased
awhile (when hir speeche was gone) she would turn her head
towards me, & stirre hir hands as well as she could, till I spake, &
then would be still againe."
His third wife, Margaret, steadied and strengthened him
for his work as the fashioner of the social structure of
Massachusetts. Her handwriting, as well as her letters,
show this sanity and self-poise.
While the Arbella lay at Cowes, in March, 1630, he
wrote to her of his grief at parting :
"Thou hast thy share with me, but I hope the course we have
agreed upon will be some ease to us both. Mondays and Fridays,
at five of the clock at night, we shall meet in spirit till we meet in
person. Yet, if all these hopes should fail, blessed be our Grod, that
we are assured we shall meet one day, if not as husband and wife,
yet in a better condition. Let that stay and comfort thy heart.
Neither can the sea drown thy husband, nor enemies destroy, nor
any adversary deprive thee of thy husband or children. Therefore
I will take thee now and my sweet children in mine arms, and kiss
and embrace you all, and so leave you with my God. Farewell,
farewell."
She could write to him : " My good Husband cheare up
thy hart in the expectation of Gods goodnesse to us & let
nothlnge dismay or discorage thee." Nor did she fall Into
those errors of the insane wife of "the governor of Hart-
ford upon Connecticut," of whom Winthrop said:
516
o
2 z
H .t:
2 2
O 6
H §
M
O M
(517)
"If she had attended her household affairs, and such things as
belong to women, and not gone out of her way and calling to meddle
in such things as are proper for men whose minds are stronger, etc.
she had kept her wits."
Winthrop was elected governor at Cambridge, England,
26 August, 1629, on an agreement of the Massachusetts
Company to transfer the administrative powers to the set-
tlers. He arrived at Salem, 17 June, 1630, and served as
governor, 1629-1633, 1637-1639, 1642, 1643, 1646-
1648, holding minor offices when he was not chief magis-
trate. He was thus an administrator all his mature years.
Never a great man, he was, nevertheless, resourceful, de-
termined, but by nature merciful, virtuous, and as broad as
the circle of powerful clergymen of his day permitted, for
he was a lover of the saints and of the ministers of the
gospel. The governor was so much the product of his time
that he could not divorce his thoughts and his imagery
from the atmosphere about him. When a snake crawled
into the seat of the elders during a sermon, and was crushed
by the heel of a Braintree man, Winthrop likened the serpent
to the Devil, the synod there to the churches of New Eng-
land that had admitted the serpent of discord, a serpent that
must be trod under foot.
His "Journal" was begun at Cowes, and it was charac-
teristic that he devoted his leisure on the voyage to the
composition of a work entitled "Christian Charltie."
"Charitie" he had, and he could speak eloquently of civil
liberty, as he did on being acquitted of a charge of exer-
cising arbitrary authority, but he banished or imprisoned
all those who dared to question the sway of the religious
oligarchy whose leader he was. A study of his career shows
how nicely he fitted Into the Massachusetts Ideals of gov-
519
eminent; or shall we say that he adjusted the conduct of
affairs to his attainments?
Through his guidance, Massachusetts stood for a posi-
tive democracy, strong and clear-cut, more influential and
more enduring than the radical and lax administration of
Rhode Island, or the theocratic and class-ridden govern-
ment of Connecticut. In the end his traditions came to
dominate all New England.
"Collections Massachusetts Historical Society," Third to Sixth Series.
520
JOHN WINTHROP
I 587/8-1 649
The American Antiquarian Society
Portrait at Worcester
(S")
H S
w
Z N
O „
(S»3)
John Winthrop the younger, governor of Connecti-
cut, was born, 12 February, 1605/6, at Groton in Suffolk,
son of the future governor of Massachusetts, by his first
wife, Mary Forth. Educated at the Bury St. Edmunds
Grammar School, and for a time at Trinity College, Dublin,
where his uncle, Emmanuel Downing, then lived, he tried
law at the Inner Temple, but abandoned this for adventure.
In the ship of war Due Repulse he was at the attempted
relief of La Rochelle in 1627, and thought of a voyage to
New England the next year with Endecott, but set out for
Padua, Venice, and Constantinople. On his return he
approved his father's plan for settlement in New England,
in this fine declaration:
"And for myself, I have seen so much of the vanity of the world,
that I esteem no more of the diversities of countries than as so many
inns, whereof the traveller that hath lodged in the best, or in the
worst, findeth no difference when he cometh to his journey's end ;
and I shall call that my country where I may most glorify God and
enjoy the presence of my dearest friends."
His interest in mechanics, medicine, and chemistry now
gave way before his marriage, 8 February, 1630, to his
cousin, Martha Fones ; and in the summer he set sail, to-
gether with his father's family, for New England, where
they were received with volleys of shot and great feasting.
He was soon in charge of the settlement of Ipswich. In the
early autumn of 1634, his wife's death was followed by his
return to England. There he married, in 1635, Elizabeth,
daughter of Edmund Reade and stepdaughter of the Rev.
Hugh Peter. Winthrop became by commission of 1 5 July,
1635, governor of the River Connecticut, with the places
adjoining thereto, but the project did not prosper. In 1641
he set forth for England, and remained two years. Of
Mrs. WInthrop it was said: "Hir little boy is so mery that
it puteth away many a sad thought from his mother."
On his return he gave vigorous attention to the settle-
ment of Pequot (New London) in Connecticut, during
1645 and 1646. His father's death in 1649 decided him
to remain in the colony, where he became an assistant,
1651-1655; deputy governor, 1658; commissioner of the
United Colonies, 1658-1660, 1663; and governor, 1659-
1676. His later career was burdened by Indian wars and
boundary disputes, and by a voyage to England, where he
obtained a charter for Connecticut, which included the
New Haven colony. His love of science led to membership
in the Royal Society for improving Natural Knowledge,
and he was much at Court, where he received from
Charles II a miniature of the royal countenance.
Winthrop passed away in Boston while attending a ses-
sion of the Commissioners of the United Colonies, in April,
1676. He left seven surviving children. Governor Fitz-
John, Chief Justice Waitstill, and five daughters, Elizabeth,
Lucy, Margaret, Martha, and Anne.
"A Sketch of the Life of John Winthrop the Younger," by Thomas F. Waters. 1899.
"Evidences of the Winthrops of Groton, County Suffolk, England." 1 894-1 S96.
526
JOHN WINTHROP, Jr.
1605/6-1676
(5*7)
Mary, the wife of Adam Winthrop, of Boston, was born
perhaps in Bristol, England, the daughter of Colonel
Luttrell, of that city. Her husband, Adam Winthrop, the
son of the governor's fifth son, was born at Boston in New
England, 15 October, 1647, and after graduating at Har-
vard College, in 1668, he became a merchant at Bristol,
where they married, about 1675. The Luttrells had a seat
at Dunster Castle, and produced three or more "Colonels,"
who were conspicuous at this period. Diligent effort to
identify Mary's father has been unsuccessful. The Win-
throp family moved to Boston in 1679, and he joined the
Second Church in April, 1682. Their son, Adam, born in
Bristol, 3 March, 1676, graduated at Harvard in 1694,
and became chief justice of the Court of Common Pleas.
In 1680 their daughter Mary was born, and twenty years
later became the wife of Colonel John Ballantine.
During the years which followed we read much of Adam
Winthrop's activities, as a member of the Artillery Com-
pany, as a representative to the General Court, and as a
King's Councilor, through the Mather influence.
History is strangely silent, however, concerning Mrs.
Winthrop, although her bright, alert countenance, as shown
in her portrait, would suggest activities social and chari-
table. Perhaps she belonged to the Church of England,
and if so she might, as the wife of a member of a ruling
family in the non-conformist hierarchy, find it most be-
coming to remain in the background. Her husband was
one of two or three men — Richard Middlecott was another
— on whom Cotton Mather relied for aid in the material
affairs of his church. In 1690, Mather prepared a little
book to be read by his parishioners. It bore the title, "A
Companion for Communicants," and was composed of
529
discourses upon the nature, the design, and the subject of
the Lord's Supper, with "Devout Methods of preparing
for and approaching to that Blessed Ordinance." The
book was dedicated to several persons of prominence, in-
cluding Mr. Winthrop, and it is reasonable to suppose that
they approved it as a useful book for their own homes.
On another occasion Mr. Winthrop was a "bearer" at the
funeral of Mather's daughter Mary. Evidently Mr. and
Mrs. Winthrop were intimate friends of the Mathers.
Mr. Winthrop died 3 August, 1700, and was buried in
the family tomb, near King's Chapel. He mentioned his
wife in almost every paragraph of his will. She was to have
thirty pounds a year in current money, paid out of rents
from Governor's Island; also two hundred pounds "at her
absolute disposal"; and the household goods. She was
given, during widowhood, "the use, benefit, and improve-
ment of all the back and new part, up and down, of the
Dwelling house I now live in, at the North End of Boston,
with suitable accommodation of Yard and Garden room
thereto." She received in addition the negro boy, Caesar.
Mrs. Winthrop married, 13 March, 1705/6, Colonel
Joseph Lynde, of Charlestown. Of her life as Mrs. Lynde
we know nothing of a personal nature, although the burn-
ing of her home in Charlestown on the evening of May 7,
1709, during a high wind and great drought, must have
been terrifying enough.
She died 30 October, 17 15, but no account of her death
or funeral has been found.
530
MARY (LUTTRELL) WINTHROP
Died 1715
(531)
Stephen Winthrop, fourth son of Governor Win-
throp, of Massachusetts, was born at Groton, Suffolk,
24 March, 1 6 1 8. His father has recorded his " Thankf ull-
nesse unto God" that Stephen's mother, Margaret, the
daughter of Sir John Tyndal, survived, "she beeing above
40 houres in sore travayle, so it beganne to be doubted of
hir life." At the age of twelve, he arrived in the Arbella,
became a member of the First Church in Boston four years
later, and soon after joined his brother John at New
London. Here he was commercial agent for William
Pynchon, and we have in the records a characteristic pic-
ture of him, selling goods to the Pequots from a shallop
moored in midstream, and guarded against Indian treach-
ery by armed men, hidden in every available niche.
The General Court, 9 September, 1639, chose "Mr.
Steven Winthrop to record things," such as judgments,
marriages, deaths, wills, bargains, sales, grants, and mort-
gages, and as a recorder he is known in Boston. Two years
later he joined the Artillery Company, and in 1646, thus
trained, he responded to the call of the great Civil War in
England by service as an officer of a troop of horse. He
was, wrote Roger Williams, "a great man for soule lib-
ertie," and favored the Protector. He now had a wife,
Judith, the daughter of Captain William Rainborow, of
the Parliamentary army, and several little children ; and as
no means of employment opened in New England, for
which he often longed, he held to his position in the English
army. In 1647 he wrote: "My hartt was as fully carried
to goe in this shipp, as ever to anything, but I desire to
submitt to ye will of God . . . Things standing thus &
Pvidence opening a way of imploymt in ye Army, I have
accepted of it." Sleeping on the wet earth during long
533
journeys Into Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, undermined
his health. In 1657 he wrote: "I thanck God my wife &
all of us are Indifferent well at this time, though I have not
my health longe togither heer." The previous year he had
sat in Parliament for Banff and Aberdeen, and had taken
some part there.
Colonel Winthrop was now living in James Street, West-
minster, troubled by sciatica and a harassing cough. He
had lost four sons and a daughter, one or more by the
smallpox, although three daughters, Margaret, Johanna,
and Judith, still survived. His death occurred in the sum-
mer of 1658, and his will was probated on the 19th of
August. He had always looked forward to an old age
in New England, and his will records his loyalty to the
New World. He left one hundred pounds to the poor of
Boston, provided that the inhabitants would build a tomb
over the graves of his father and mother.
A portrait, from which the reproduction has been made,
came down through several generations of the Winthrop
family of New York.
Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, May, 189S.
534
STEPHEN WINTHROP
1618-1658
(S3S)
Charles Chambers, for many years a member of
His Majesty's Council in the Massachusetts Bay, was born
about the year 1660, the son of Edward Chambers, of
Torksey, Lincolnshire, and of Elizabeth, who was a sister
of Major Edward Palmes, of New London, Connecticut,
and daughter of Andrew Palmes, of Sherborn, in Hants.
As a young man Chambers appeared in Boston, com-
manding a vessel in the trade with Antigua. He married,
30 January, 1687/8, Rebecca, daughter of John and Amy
Patefield, and soon after this date relinquished his life at
sea for the career of a merchant. Mrs. Chambers gave
birth to an only child, 31 March, 1691, baptized as
Rebecca in the Charlestown church of which the parents
became members in later years. Mrs. Chambers died
14 June, 1735, and the Captain married, 10 February,
1735/6, Margaret, daughter of William Vaughan, and
widow of the well-known Captain John Foye.
Chambers became a figure of increasing note in the
colony. He was a nephew by marriage of Wait Winthrop,
whose sister had married Major Palmes, and Rebecca
Chambers had allied herself with the Hon. Daniel Russell,
thus adding social ties of importance. In 1707, Chambers
purchased a large estate in Lincoln; upK)n this land he
erected a mansion house, still standing and occupied by his
descendants. The Captain served for many years as a
Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and as a Justice of
the Peace for Middlesex County. He had much to do with
fitting out the expedition against Port Royal, with erection
of buildings at Harvard College, and with legislation relat-
ing to finance.
On July 28, 1 7 19, Chief Justice Sewall records in his
Diary that he rode "to Cambridge with Mr. Chambers in
53^^
his Calash." Six years later, Sewall was shown "great
Courtesie" by Mrs. Russell (the daughter Rebecca), on
the day of the funeral of a Charlestown clergyman's wife.
He sat with other distinguished men in her parlor before
going to "the house of Mourning."
Judge Chambers owned or held mortgages on many
houses, shops, wharves, and warehouses during his long
life. His property was divided among a large number of
grand and great-grandchildren who are mentioned in his
will. Mrs. Chambers, who survived him, was to have half
of the home.
The Judge died 28 April, 1743,^ and is buried in Charles-
town. On the stone which marks his grave are the arms
of the very ancient family of Palmes, indicating, perhaps,
his regard for a mother long since dead, and also a pride
in an honorable "visitation" pedigree. This mother had
lost three brothers in the service of King Charles at Worces-
ter fight, in September, 1 65 1 . Her grandfather. Sir Francis
Palmes, of Ashwell in County Rutland, and of Lindley in
County York, matriculated at Oxford in 157 1, and had back
of him four centuries of landed gentlemen at Naburn in
County York. Her cousin. Sir Bryan, had become a D.C.L.
of Oxford in 1642. All these worthy men speak to us
through the symbolism of "Gules three fleurs-de-lis argents,
a chief vaire," the arms on the gravestone in Charlestown.
Nichols's "History of the County of Leicester," Volume 2, Part i, page 295.
Burke's "History of the Commoners," 1836, Volume i, page 611, where Andrew
Palmes is said in error to have died unmarried.
* News-Letter and Holyoke Diary give 28 April, the tombstone 27 April.
536^;
CHARLES CHAMBERS
1660-1743
(536O
THE WEST
Rene Robert Cavelier, of La Salle, an estate near
Rouen, was baptized, 22 November, 1643, i" the parish
of St. Herbland, son of Jean Cavelier, the merchant, and
of Catherine Geest. He became a successful mathema-
tician and teacher among the Jesuits, but in 1666 followed
his priestly brother to Canada, and received an estate near
Montreal, which he called La Chine. He at once began the
mastery of Indian languages, and planned to find the Miss-
issippi, descend to the Gulf of California, and sail away to
China. In July, 1669, he set forth with a motley company,
and is supposed to have led a part of his force down the
Ohio as far as the site of Louisville. He then began to
dream of a great, new France in the milder climate of our
Middle West. He had visited France in 1675, and in the
autumn of 1677 he went to France again. The next spring
he returned, with power to build forts, and to trade in
buffalo hides in a greater new France, and brought with
him a loyal supporter, Henri de Tonti.
Parkman tells the story of the building of the Griffin, of
La Salle's voyage to Fort Crevecoeur, in the present state
of Illinois, and of attempts to poison and shoot him, while
creditors at Montreal tried to ruin him. He again visited
France in 1683, leaving Tonti to represent him here. At
Court he received a surprising welcome, for France was at
war with Spain, and his proposal to fortify the Mississippi
and to collect an Indian army was accepted. A great flotilla
set sail in July, 1684, for the Gulf of Mexico, carrying
four hundred men and women, with a shipload of tools.
Henri Joutel, historian of La Salle's last adventure, was
another loyal soul in a circle of enemies. To those who
spoke of harshness and aloofness. La Salle replied that he
used no more severity than was necessary to maintain dis-
539
cipline. He was shy and austere amid revelry and vice.
Parkman writes :
" La Salle stands in history like a statue cast in iron ; but his own
unwilling pen betrays the man, and reveals in the stern, sad figure,
an object of human interest and pity."
Misfortune dogged him from the start; he missed the
mouth of the Mississippi, and was urged by an engineer,
Minet, to search for the river, but he resented advice from
an inferior, and his pride ruined his dreams. He went still
farther south, to land at Matagorda Bay, and Beaujeu,
commander of the ships, returned to France. The weeks
that followed witnessed disease, hunger, and discourage-
ment. In October, 1685, leaving Joutel at Fort St, Louis,
La Salle sallied forth, with fifty men, to find "the fatal
river." He failed, but tried again in 1686, determined to
make his way to Canada. Again he met disaster. Finally,
a third time, after a severe illness, he set forth in January,
1687, to reach Quebec by way of the Illinois and obtain
aid. The vivid story of his assassination by his own men,
who lay hidden in the long grass, near the Trinity River in
Texas, just above Galveston Bay, is to be read in Park-
man's "Discovery of the Great West." He died, shot
through the head, on the i8th of March. "He contained,"
said Parkman, "in his own complex and painful nature the
chief springs of his triumphs, his failures, and his death."
540
ROBERT CAVELIER, SIEUR DE LA SALLE
1643-1687
(540
Father Jacques Marquette, missionary to the In-
dians, was born, i June, 1637, on the Rock of Laon, in
France, the son of Nicolas Marquette, of a wealthy family
there, and Rose de la Salle. Of a poetic temperament,
spiritually minded, and fond of languages, he soon tired
of teaching in Jesuit schools, and in i666 arrived in
Canada, ready to devote his life to work among the savages.
He was sent to the mission of Sault de Ste. Marie, at the
outlet of Lake Superior, to care for a wilderness west of
Lake Huron; and when his Hurons and Ottawas were
driven eastward by the Sioux, he built a chapel of sap-
lings and bark at St. Ignace mission on Mackinac Island,
at the outlet of Lake Michigan. Here numberless com-
panies of travelers from north and south set up their tents
for a season. In the din and dirt of an Indian village, he
sought unceasingly to help the children of the forest. He
writes :
"They have been more assiduous at prayer, have listened more
willingly to The instructions that I gave Them, and have acceded
to my requests for preventing grave misconduct and Their abom-
inable Customs. One must have patience with savage Minds who
have no other Knowledge than of the Devil, whose slaves they and
all Their forefathers have been; and they frequently relapse into
those sins in Which they have been reared. God alone can give
firmness to Their fickle minds, and place and maintain Them in
grace, and touch Their Hearts while we stammer into Their ears."
But his eyes were still strained toward the south sea and
nations unknown. On 17 May, 1673, with Louis Joliet,
Frontenac's agent, his little party set forth in two canoes to
seek the Mississippi ; they found it in just a month, and ex-
plored as far south as the mouth of the Arkansas. They
then turned north, following the Illinois and Chicago
543
Rivers, and the west shore of Lake Michigan, until they
came, in September, to the Jesuit mission of St. Frangois
Xavier, at the rapids of De Pere, Wisconsin, on the Fox
River. Here he remained, ill and weak, for over a year;
and then in October, 1674, he set out again for the Chicago
River to found a new mission. Once more ill health over-
came him, and after an unusually harsh winter spent in a
wretched cabin, subsisting in part on dried blueberries and
corn, he started along the eastern shore of Lake Michigan,
to make his way back to St. Ignace, preaching to friendly
Indians in rude shelters, which were decorated with Chinese
taffeta, and also with pictures of the Virgin, until he be-
came so feeble that his two faithful boatmen had to carry
him like a baby. Finally, about midnight, under a frail
protection of bark, and lying beside a fire, he died, 1 8 May,
1675, "his countenance beaming and all aglow." The spot
is now covered by the city of Ludington, Michigan.
"Father Marquette," by Reuben G. Thwaites. New York, 1902.
544
JACQUES MARQUETTE
1637-1675
(545)
PORTRAITS
UNDER DISCUSSION
i
Chauncy, Rev. Charles.
The original painting is at Harvard College, and bears
a label to indicate that it represents President Chaunqr.
It remained in the Chauncy family until 1819, and was
purchased for the college soon after by President Quincy.
The sitter's form of wig was not in use until the time of
Isaac Watts, D.D. — 1725, a century after the second presi-
dent of Harvard (1592— 1671/2) reached the age shown
in this painting, which was, we assume, about 1625. The
portrait may represent his great-grandson, the Rev. Charles
Chauncy, of Boston, 1705— 1787. In the opinion of
Lawrence Park, Esq., the portrait was painted by Smibert,
about 1735.
Edward Waldo Forbes, Esq., director of the William
Hayes Fogg Art Museum, believes that the portrait was
painted later than the year 1700.
This picture has been reproduced in the Harvard Grad-
uates Magazine for December, 1907, page 248. The head
only was engraved for the New England Historical and
Genealogical Register for April, 1856. The outer robe is
fawn color, covering a black silk gown ; the eyes are brown,
and the complexion ruddy.
549
5h
O
<
"2 S f^
^ ^ i
>
M
(ssO
I
Clarke, John, M.D., 1 609-1 676. Founder of Rhode
Island. Possibly Clarke.
The following letter from George L. Hinckley, Esq.,
librarian of the Redwood Library, and dated 2 January,
19 1 8, tells the story of this fine portrait:
"The Redwood Library has a very dark, unidentified oil portrait
of a divine, supposed to be Dr. John Clarke (1609-1676), one of
the founders of the Colony of Rhode Island and pastor of the Bap-
tist church in Newport. The portrait, however, is clearly dated in
two places 1659, and the inscription to the left of the breast reads,
'Aetatis 59.' So, if these figures are correct, the subject could not
be Dr. John Clarke, who would have been about fifty when the por-
trait was painted. But it is just possible that after two 1659s the
painter inadvertently made the age fifty-nine, too. Clarke was in
England in 1659, as Agent of the Colony, and might have gone over
to Holland ; or the painter, de Ville, might have been in England in
that year.
"The artist's signature on the paper by the head of the gavel is
probably that of Guilliam de Ville ; portrait painter ; son of Jacques
de Ville; born in Amsterdam about 161 4; interred there on June 4,
1672; married Helene Symon (See Wiirzbach's * Niederlandisches
Kiinstler Lexicon' (1910), Volume 2, page 789).
" Below the signature is a verse in Low Dutch which is exacdy
the form, except for insignificant differences of spelling, which
Psalm xiii: 6 has in one particular translation of the Bible,
which was printed by Lenaert der Kinderen, at Emden, in 1563.
The version is known as the Mennonite version, or Biestken's Bible.
It would accordingly appear probable that either the subject, or the
painter of this portrait dated in 1659, was a Mennonite, or had some
relations with them which would cause him in that year to quote
the Biestken's Bible rather than the Staatenbybel.
"The Mennonite Confession was adopted in 1632, and Dr. John
Clarke may have been influenced by it if he did not actually adopt it.
There were points on which the Mennonites and the Anabaptists
agreed.
553
/
" Possibly the resemblance between the names of Menno Simons,
from whom the Mennonites derive their name, and of Helene
Symon, wife of de Ville, may have led to the choice of the Mennonite
version."
Many years ago the Trustees ordered a frame for "the
portrait of Roger Williams." This is supposed by some
to be the portrait referred to. At that time, Williams was
thought to have been born in Wales, in 1599, but the new
theory is that he was born in London about 1605, and this
does not conform to the inscription.
554
Possibly
JOHN CLARKE, M.D.
of Rhode Island
I 609-1 676
(555)
CODDINGTON, WiLLIAM.
The original portrait at the City Hall, Newport, Rhode
Island, was owned, in 1843, by Nathaniel Coddington;
it passed to the Newport Asylum at his death, in 1850,
and to the city in 1855. Neither Coddington nor his niece
could throw light on its history. A copy by Charles Bird
King was presented by him to the Redwood Library,
Newport. According to Mr. Hamilton B. Tompkins, in
Bulletin Number 9 of the Newport Historical Society, all
reproductions in books (including the somewhat trimmed
picture here given) are from the Redwood portrait — a
good copy of the City Hall original. The periwig seen
here did not come into general use until after Pepys first
had one — 1663. It is said that the governor did not visit
England after 1651. See Judge Darius Baker's admirable
paper in Bulletin Number 25, Newport Historical Society.
From the costume (period of 1730) , the portrait cannot
well be the first Governor William Coddington, of Rhode
Island, 1 601-1678, although Mr. W. B. Weeden, an
authority on Rhode Island history, expressed no doubt in
his paper on the first governor, in 191 1 (Proceedings
Massachusetts Historical Society, April). The date of
the second Governor William Coddington's death, 1689,
is too early for the costume here shown. A grandson.
Colonel William Coddington, 1 680-1 755, was a man of
some prominence and is a suitable candidate for the honor.
In his inventory there is mention of a family portrait valued
at £6. He was a justice of the Court of Common Pleas.
A copy at Sayles Hall, Brown University, was made by
Thomas Mathewson. There is another copy in the State
House at Providence.
557
Called
WILLIAM CODDINGTON
of Rhode Island
(559)
Cotton, Rev. John, 15 85-1 65 2. So called.
Mather, in "The Magnalia," says of him : "The reader
that is inquisitive after the prosopography of this great man,
may be informed, that he was of a clear, fair, sanguine
complexion, and like David of a 'ruddy countenance.' He
was rather low than tall, and rather fat than lean, but of a
becoming mediocrity. In his younger years his hair was
brown, but in his later years as white as the driven snow.
Inhis countenance there was an inexpressible sort of majesty,
which commanded reverence from all that approached him :
this Cotton was indeed the Cato of his age, for his gravity;
but had a glory with it which Cato had not."
The painting, reproduced here, was purchased from a
dealer, about 1850, by Mr. John E. Thayer, of Boston.
From his widow, later Mrs. R. C. Winthrop, it came to
Miss Adele G. Thayer, their daughter. She left it to the
present owner, John E. Thayer, Esq., of Lancaster. The
portrait was painted by Smibert, about 1735, and has the
characteristic crease in the coat from the shoulder to a point
below the arm. The canvas is 30 x 24^ inches in size.
The eyes are brown, the complexion ruddy, and the velvet
coat is golden brown. The engraving in Drake's "History
and Antiquities of Boston," 1856, page 158, made by
Smith, and the one in Thompson's "History of Boston,
England," 1856, page 412, engraved by Flowers, are from
this painting, but both engravings have bands. Perhaps the
engravers thought that the pleasant subject of the portrait
would not pass muster as a clergyman if he retained his
layman's neck-cloth, hence the bands. The origin of the
Cotton tradition is unknown, but the face has a surprising
resemblance to Pelham's engraved portrait of Cotton
Mather.
561
Professor Chester N. Greenough writes on May 21,
1917 : "I have studied certain aspects of the life and work
of John Cotton, but I have not yet had time to look into
the matter of his portraits beyond seeing that it is a difficult
problem, on which some one must do a lot of work before
we can be certain of the authenticity of the Thayer portrait
and the one with the bands."
562
Called
THE REV. JOHN ELIOT
Apostle to the Indians
I 604-1 690
(573)
I
Darnall, Colonel.
Mrs. E. C. Daingerfield, at her death, left a group of
portraits to the Peabody Institute, of Baltimore. These
paintings once hung in Poplar Hall, at Poplar Hill, Prince
George County, Maryland, erected about 1735. Before
that date they were probably at the Wood Yard House.
The memorandum, which accompanied the bequest, and
described them as they hung on the walls, is said to be in
Mrs. Daingerfield's handwriting, and is reprinted from
a copy made by L. H. Dielman, Esq., to which are now
added annotations based on photographs obtained from
Mr. Dielman, but not reproduced here because the ascrip-
tions are so uncertain.
Portraits in the Hall
I. "First proprietor who built the Wood Yard House,
Philip Darnall of London, in wig "
Note. — Philip Darnall, of London, did not come to America,
as far as we know — assuming that he is Philip, the father of Colonel
Henry, who died in 171 1. Colonel Henry Darnall is said to have
"built the Wood Yard House," Prince George County, 1665-1675,
and the portrait reproduced in this book probably represents him.
The costume, wig, etc., meet his period very well. Moreover, other
portraits of Darnalls in the group appear to show children of Colonel
Henry, and it would seem more natural to have parents and children
portrayed than grandparents and their grandchildren. This Colonel
Darnall is a stout man, with long wig, stock, coat sleeve with large
buttonhole, inner sleeve, wrist ruff, and right hand with second
finger touching the third. The portrait is in an oval, with raised
triangles near the corners of the frame. The "campaign wig" and
stock are of the period of 1 680-1 720. See the well-known portrait
of Robert Boyle, who died in 1691. The reproduction is from a
photograph by Mr. Frederick F. Frittita.
565
2. "his wife by his side."
Note. — ^A lady of about fifty, with hair brushed back from the
forehead, a plain dress with ruffles attached to the edge of the low-
neck waist, a dark shawl over the right forearm and over the left
shoulder — all in an oval — may be the (second?) wife of Number i.
3. " Boy in buff and red — Henry Darnall [Jr.], his son,
who was conspicuous in the early history of his state."
Note. — ^A boy of about twelve, full length, with a bow in his left
hand, gardens and palaces beyond. A Negro at his right offers a
dead bird. Evidently Henry Darnall, Jr., of the Wood Yard House,
and later of Poplar Hill. He married Ann Diggs. The lobe of his
ear is attached to his cheek.
4. "He [his son, Henry, 3d] married Miss Talbot,
niece and ward of the Duke of Shrewsbury. Her portrait
is opposite her husband." [ ?].
Note. — ^The artist is said to be Charles Bridges, who flourished
in 1735.
5. "Next to Henry Darnall is his sister, who, I think,
married Charles Carroll, of Carrollton."
Note. — ^The pretty girl of about fifteen, with hair curling across
her forehead and on her neck, a short pearl necklace, and jeweled
pins on her breast and on her sleeve, is perhaps Mrs. Mary Carroll,
at the time of her wedding in 1693. Possibly, however, this is Mrs.
DIggs (Number 8). The frame is like that of Number i — oval
and with corners. The lobe of her ear joins her cheek, as in Num-
ber 3. Both facts seem to indicate that she is a Darnall, not a Talbot.
6. "The boy in blue is Arthur Darnall, who was
drowned in crossing the ocean on his return from St.
[Omer's]."
Note. — ^This is the boy of about fourteen, shown full length,
with his left hand on a sword and right outstretched, a dog looking
up at him. His coat is open and has large pockets and buttonholes.
S66
Probably
COLONEL HENRY DARNALL
Who died in 171 1
(567)
7- "The lady at the head of steps is Lady Reter ; [she
was] also [a] Miss Talbot, a sister to Mrs. Henry
Darnall."
Note. — ^Who was Reter? The family of Peter was more promi-
nent in Maryland than that of Reter. The artist is said to be
Charles Bridges.
8. "The portrait by side of Arthur Darnall was Miss
Darnall, who married Mr. Diggs."
Note. — Elizabeth, Colonel Henry's daughter, married Edward
Diggs, and died in 1705. Mrs. Diggs is perhaps the child of about
ten, full length, with her right hand on the same dog that appears
in the portrait of Arthur Darnall, a balustrade behind her bearing
a garden vase filled with flowers, and a formal garden in the back-
ground. The lobe of her ear is attached to her cheek. See Number 5.
Colonel Henry Darnall, a deputy governor of Mary-
land, lived for some years at the Wood Yard House,
in Prince George County, and later at Pordand Manor, in
Anne Arundel County, which he inherited in 1684 from
his brother. Colonel John Darnall. The Wood Yard
House, with Its weather vane on the roof and wainscotted
rooms, was called the finest mansion in the colony. Colonel
Darnall died in 171 1, having had by his first wife Mary
( I ) a son, Philip, of Portland Manor ; and by Mary or a
second wife, Eleanor, (2) a son, Arthur, who was drowned
on his return from the college at St. Omer; (3) a son,
Henry, born in 1682, who sold the Wood Yard House in
1728 ; he and his descendants continued to live for several
generations at a near-by estate called Poplar Hill; (4) a
daughter, Mary, born in 1678, and married to Charles
Carroll, the immigrant (grandfather of the signer of the
Declaration of Independence); (5) a second daughter,
569
Ann, born in 1680, and married to Clement Hill; (6) a
third daughter, Elizabeth, married to Edward Diggs.
This is the family portrayed in the portraits. Colonel
Henry and his brother. Colonel John, were the sons of
Philip Darnall, a London barrister, whose brother Ralph,
of Gray's Inn, was the father of Sir John Darnall, and
grandfather of another Sir John, famous in their day as
King's Serjeants. Members of the family were prominent
in County Hereford.
570
Eliot, Rev. John, i 604-1 690. Apostle to the Indians.
So called.
An inscription at the left upper corner of the canvas
reads :
John Elliot.
The Apostle of the Indians
Nascit. 1604: Obit 1690.
This inscription (which may be modern), and part of
the background, showing old St. Paul's Cathedral and the
Thames, do not appear in the reproduction here given.
The use of St. Paul's in the picture suggests some connec-
tion of the sitter with London. Eliot is not known to have
been in any way connected with the city.
The original painting was owned in 1897 by Mrs. Wil-
liam Whiting, of Roxbury, Massachusetts. Mr. William
Whiting "found this picture, in 1851, in the shop of a
London dealer, who could give no evidence as to its source"
(Fiske's "The Beginnings of New England," 1898). It
is now owned by the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, and
is a well-painted portrait of a strong personality.
A comparison of this picture and that of Edward Wins-
low, by Robert Walker, suggests that this may be by the
same artist.
571
Called
THE REV. JOHN COTTON
of Boston
1585-1652
(563)
Hoffman, Martin, born about 1625. So called.
The portrait is "from a miniature painted in Holland,"
and owned by Hoffman Philip, Esq. It is reproduced in
the "Genealogy of the Hoffman Family," published by
Dodd, Mead & Company in 1 899, and appears here by per-
mission of J. Van Ness Philip, Esq., of Talavera, New
York. To one familiar with the costume and face of the
period of 1 625-1 700, this portrait seems to be too late.
575
Called
MARTIN HOFFMAN
Born about 1625
( 5771)
Mather, Rev. Nathaniel, 163 1-1697. Son of Richard.
The picture at theAmerlcan Antiquarian Society, Worces-
ter, inscribed "VIvere est Cogitare," is said by Dr. John
Appleton to represent, perhaps, Nathaniel Mather, who
sat for his portrait In 1682, and sent it to New England
(Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, September,
1867, page 46). This is sometimes referred to as a por-
trait of the Rev. Samuel Mather, 1 626-1 671, son of
Richard, but no portrait of Samuel was done in his life-
time, according to a statement by Cotton Mather. A de-
scription of Nathaniel tallies fairly well with this portrait.
For biographical notices of both men see J. L. Sibley's
"Harvard Graduates." The canvas is 24^ inches wide
by 29^4 inches high, the complexion light, and the eyes
probably blue.
The reproduction is from a photograph by Mr. M. N.
Conger, of Worcester.
579
Perhaps
THE REV. NATHANIEL MATHER
1631-1697
Called the Rev. Samuel Mather
(581)
Patteshall, Martha, 1651/2-1713. Wife of Richard
Patteshall.
The portrait of "Mrs. Patteshall and her child" was
owned for many years by the Thomas family, of Plymouth,
and about the year 1 870 it was given to Miss Hannah E.
Stevenson, a relative. It is now owned by Mrs. Greely
Stevenson Curtis, of Boston.
The Patteshalls came of a good family in England, and
were prominent in Boston and in the frontier life at Pema-
quid during the seventeenth century. We cannot with
certainty identify the Mrs. Patteshall of the portrait, but
a study of the pedigree indicates that she probably was
Martha, daughter of Richard Wooddy, soap boiler, of
Plymouth, where she was born, 24 January, 165 1/2.
Wooddy soon moved to Boston, and Martha became the
second wife of Richard Patteshall, about 1672. Her hus-
band was much of the time at Casco Bay and Pemaquid,
engaged in pioneering, fishing, and trading. He was a
justice of the peace for the country between the Kennebec
and the St. Croix Rivers, about the period of 1682, and
was finally killed by Indians in 1689. Mrs. Patteshall
seemed to her contemporaries very much of a lady, but
Jasper Danckaerts, the Labadist missionary, spent the night
of June 23, 1680, at her home, and having been kept awake
until morning, had a poor opinion of her as a housekeeper !
She died in April, 17 13, at the age of sixty-one. Her son
Robert became a merchant, with a house on Purchase Street
in Boston.
The portrait is certainly of the decade of 1 670-1 680,
and is very similar in costume and technique to those of
Mrs. Elizabeth (Paddy) Wensley, of Plymouth, Mrs.
Samuel Shrimpton and Major Thomas Savage, of Boston,
5^3
Captain George Curwin, of Salem, and Miss Rebecca
Rawson. An artist of some ability must have been in
Boston at the time, or must have made several voyages
across the ocean, unless we are to believe that a consider-
able number of Boston women visited England. If this
portrait represents Mrs. Martha Patteshall, it does not
come within the scope of this book.
584
Probably
MRS. MARTHA PATTESHALL
1651/2-1713
(5«5)
Shippen, Edward, i 639-1 7 1 2. First mayor of Philadel-
phia. So called.
An original painting is owned by Mrs. Roland S. Morris,
of Philadelphia. A copy in oil is in the Mayor's Room,
City Hall, Philadelphia.
It is reproduced in "The Morris Family of Philadel-
phia," by R. C. Moon, 1909.
"I may as well frankly state that I am uncertain as to
the authenticity of the Shippen portrait." — Letter from
Ernest Spofford, Esq., November 30, 19 17.
In "The English Ancestors of the Shippen Family and
Edward Shippen of Philadelphia," by Thomas Willing
Balch, Philadelphia, 1904, I find no reference to this
portrait.
587
Called
EDWARD SHIPPEN
1639-1712
(S89)
Standish, Captain Myles, 15 87-1 65 6. So called.
A painting bearing the name M. Standish was found in
Philadelphia, and bought by Captain A. M. Harrison, of
Plymouth. It is inscribed at the upper left of the canvas
iEtatis Suae 38
A° 1625
and at the upper right
M. Standish.
The reproduction is from a photograph by Curtis and
Cameron, Boston, used by their permission. The photo-
graph seems to suggest that the inscription may be a later
addition.
"I do not know of any genuine portrait of Myles
Standish." — Letter of Mr. A. S. Burbank, bookseller,
Plymouth, 17 May, 19 17.
The wife of Captain Harrison was a sister of Francis H.
Russell, Esq., of Brookline, Massachusetts, formerly of
Plymouth. When Mrs. Russell first saw the portrait
in Captain Harrison's house, she exclaimed, "What Stan-
dish is that ? " Mrs. Harrison replied, "Why do you think
it is a Standish?" Mrs. Russell said, "Because it looks
very much like Winslow Standish, the tin peddler who has
an antique shop by the water side." Mrs. Harrison then
explained that the portrait was supposed to represent
Myles Standish.
The best history of the so-called portrait of Myles Stan-
dish is to be found in a long letter written by Captain
Harrison, 10 September, 1877, and printed in the Proceed-
ings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, October,
1877, page 324. The chief paragraphs are these:
"The story as to the manner in which the picture came into my
possession is briefly this : On my return from Washington, early in
April last, on passing a picture store on School Street, in Boston,
nearly opposite the City Hall, I glanced in the window, and, among
a number of very inferior pictures offered for sale, I saw the one in
question, in a shabby and comparatively modern frame. In the
corner was a slip of writing paper marked, 'Portrait of Captain
Standish, aged 38.' I was attracted by the evident age of the paint-
ing, and out of curiosity went into the store, with no intention
whatever of purchasing it, A j'oung man was in attendance. I
asked him what Captain Standish it was a portrait of. He said he
did not know, and was evidently ignorant that such a person as the
Puritah commander had ever existed.
"At my request, he took the picture out of the window case and
allowed me to examine it, which I did carefully. The only letters
visible were those in the left-hand corner, '^S^tatis Su/e 38,' and
underneath the date, *A° 1625.' I asked the attendant where he
obtained it. He said a gentleman named Gilbert had put it there
on sale, and that this same gentleman had also brought some other
valuable old paintings, which had been sold. I then told the man,
after ascertaining its price, that, if it were an authentic portrait of
Captain Myles Standish, it was invaluable ; but that, if it could not
be authenticated, it was merely interesting as an old painting of fair
merit; and that I would take the picture at his price, provided he
would obtain and send to me at Plymouth an autograph certificate
from Mr. Gilbert, stating how it had come to him, and if the
certificate were tolerably satisfactory, I would remit the value of
the picture.
"About a week after reaching home, I received the following
certificate from the owner :
"Boston, April 23, 1877.
"This certifies that this portrait of Myles Standish was purchased
for such, at Germantown, Philadelphia, shortly before the war of 1812,
of a branch of the Chew family, by Roger Gilbert, who was born at
Portsmouth, Virginia, and lived in Philadelphia at the time. He was
also in the war of 1812. ,, .. -. ^ , 1 ,.
James Gilbert, Grandnephew.
"I sent for the picture, and on removing the frame found the
name * M. Standish ' underneath, in the right-hand upper corner.
592
Called
MYLES STANDISH
1587-1656
( sn\)
"A gentleman well versed in painting thinks the artist was
Cornelius Janssen, who was of Flemish parents, born in London,
and died in Flanders, and who painted almost exclusively on wood.
I think he was born about 1 590, and was in his prime when Standish
visited London as commissioner, in 1625."
The portrait is reproduced in the "Memorial History
of Boston" (Boston, 1880), Volume i, page 6$, with this
comment by Justin Winsor: "The canvas stands in need of
complete identification as a likeness . . . but until positively
disproven, it must have a certain interest."
The officers of the Pilgrim Society, Plymouth, to whom
the portrait was submitted some years ago, were not ready
to pronounce it authentic. Arthur Lord, Esq., president of
the Society, tells me that the late William T. Davis, his-
torian of Plymouth, saw the picture when Captain Harrison
brought it to the town. It then had no date inscription.
The Captain asked Mr. Davis in what year Standish was
in England, "for," said Harrison, "the picture must have
been painted abroad." Mr. Davis answered, "In 1625."
The next time that Mr. Davis saw the portrait, it bore the
date as given.
595
Many books relating to Colonial history and costume
reproduce the portraits of two members of the Van Rens-
selaer family. The older man in a flowered coat is almost
always said to be Jeremias Van Rensselaer, director of
Rensselaerswyck, who was born abroad, and died in 1674.
The younger man is sometimes referred to as Jan Baptist
Van Rensselaer, another director, who died in 1678. A
student of costume would soon discover that the first
Van Rensselaers who bore these names did not live at a
period when the wigs and coats depicted in the paintings
were in use. The portraits are so familiar to all students
of history, however, that they are included here in order
that a word of caution may be registered.
The two early Van Rensselaer portraits have one pecul-
iarity in common, the bob wig. In Randle Holme's "Acad-
emy of Armour" (Chester, 1688), page 463, are these
words, "A Campaign Wig hath Knots or Bobs (or a Dildo
on each side) with a curled forehead, as Numb. 118, a
Travelling Wig."
This type of wig was in use from about 1685 to perhaps
1730. In 1692, Captain Caesar Carter, of New York, had
a bob wig which was called "old." Johannes Schuyler^ was
portrayed in a bob wig, and since the canvas includes his
wife, to whom he was married in 1695, the portrait must
follow that date; and judging from the maturity of his
face, it was done probably about 1 710 or 17 15. If we omit
the first Jeremias and Jan Baptist (who were immigrants)
from further consideration, we have several possible solu-
tions from among later members of the family born in
America.
* Reproduced in "Albany Chronicles" as number lo. The canvas was long ago
cut from top to bottom, eliminating a table in the center of the picture, to make the
canvas smaller.
596a
In order to make a thoroughly satisfactory study of the
problem, which is beset with difficulties, it would be neces-
sary to reproduce for comparison the first ten portraits
which appear in "The Van Rensselaers of the Manor of
Rensselaerswyck," published in 1888 by Hattie Barber
and May Van Rensselaer/ This seems to be beyond the
province of the present work.
^Mrs. Nathaniel Thayer, of Boston, owns one of the fifty copies printed, and
has permitted the volume to be used in a study of the portraits.
596^
»6
<
,-i
CO
CO
Z
W
"a z
2S <
<
CO
CO
Z
■3?
(59«')
The Van Schoenderwoert-Bleecker portrait reproduced
here is owned by Mrs. James Bayard Speyers, of New
York, who writes that family tradition has always given
the name of Rutger Jacobsz Van Schoenderwoert, the
Albany miller, fur trader, and brewer, to this canvas. The
figure has the same pose as that of Simon Vol ckertseVeeder,
who died about 1696. The wig, stock, buttonholes, and
pockets seem to be of an era later than 1665, the year in
which Rutger is said to have died, although substantially
the same costume covered a long period of time. The arms
of New York on a seal, dated 1686, have for one of the
supporters a man dressed after this fashion.
The "Albany Chronicles" of Cuyler Reynolds assigns
the picture to Jan Janse Bleecker, born in 1641 and mayor
of Albany. This Bleecker was a son-in-law of Van Schoen-
derwoert, but there appears to be no source of information
now accessible to confirm or throw light on this attribution.
Bleecker did not die until 1732, and he reached middle life,
as he appears in the portrait, during the period when the
costume was in use. Several portraits in the "Albany
Chronicles" are open to question, so that inclusion there
as Bleecker does not in itself carry conviction.
596^
I
I
I
Called
RUTGER JACOBSZ VAN SCHOENDERWOERT
Perhaps JAN JANSE BLEECKER
( S96f)
Wilson, Rev. John, i 588-1667. So called. (Owen?.)
This picture, owned by the Massachusetts Historical
Society since 1798, has long been in dispute. In Septem-
ber, 1867, Dr. John Appleton suggested that the technique
and costume are later than Wilson's day; but if we adopt
the very promising hint given by Frank E. Bradish, Esq.,
in November, 1909, we shall call the picture a portrait of
Rev. John Owen, 161 6-1 683, who was Wilson's contem-
porary. The technique and costume, therefore, would seem
to be too late for Owen if too late for Wilson. The case
for Owen seems to be stronger than the case for Wilson
( I ) because the face resembles Owen, and we cannot prove
that it resembles Wilson; (2) because Wilson refused to
have a picture painted and Owen did not; (3) because we
are sure that an Owen portrait existed in early New Eng-
land, and in Wilson's family line.
The so-called Wilson portrait here reproduced is very
like that by Ryley at the Baptist College, Bristol, England,
representing Dr. Owen. The eyebrows of this picture are
more elevated than Owen's, but the lower part of the face
strongly resembles him, as can be seen by a study of the
"Wilson" and the "Owen" at Bristol, placed side by side.
The Owen portrait at the National Portrait Gallery in
London does not, it must be admitted, bear so marked a
resemblance to the so-called Wilson portrait; and the
engraving in Calamy's "Non-conformist's Memorial" is
still less like the Bristol face. A portrait of Dr. Owen
is mentioned in the inventory of the estate of Edward
Bromfield, taken 11 February, 1734/5. Bromfield's wife
was Wilson's granddaughter, and her great-grandson,
Henry Bromfield, gave the picture to the Historical Society
in 1798. It can have, therefore, an Owen pedigree.
597
^^^f^/
"* z "2 M
o kJ ■*• vo
u
X
H
> «
X
(599)
COMMENTS
ON THE PORTRAITS
CAROLINA
Ball, Elias, i675(?)-i75i/2. Merchant.
An original painting by Jeremiah Theus is owned by Isaac Ball,
Esq., of Charleston, South Carolina. It is now very dark, but still
shows that he wore a red cap.
This reproduction is from a copy by John StoUc, owned by Alwyn
Ball, Esq., of New York.
Broughton, Thomas, died 1737. Governor.
The original is a pastel by Henrietta Johnson, owned by Joseph
Ferguson Hes^ward, Esq., of Oakley Station, South Carolina. The
reproduction is from a photograph taken in April, 1918, and lent by
Frank W. Bayley, Esq. A copy is owned by J. P. Kennedy Bryan,
Esq.
Broughton's eyes are blue, the wig is light, and the coat is a faded
blue.
Gale, Christopher, i 680-1 734. Chief Justice.
The original pastel by Henrietta Johnson belongs to Gale's lineal
descendant, William P. Little, Esq., of Raleigh. The reproduction
is from a photograph by Horton's Studio, taken for this book in
June, 19 1 8.
Gale's eyes are blue, his wig is white, his robe scarlet, his stock
white, and his stole is black.
The engraving by E. Wetzler, inscribed "Christopher Gale C J
of N C," and used in the " History of North Carolina," Volume 2,
by F. L. Hawks, is also reproduced.
Johnson, Sir Nathaniel, 1644-1712. Governor.
The canvas is inscribed: iEtatis 61:
Aprill 7^
1705
The original painting, owned by Joseph Ferguson He5rward, Esq.,
of Oakley Station, South Carolina, is now (1918) the property of
Frank Bulkeley Smith, Esq., of Worcester, Massachusetts, from
whom a photograph was obtained for this book.
The following is a description, by Miss Alice R. Huger Smith,
of the Johnson portrait :
"Full face, broAvn eyes, dark or unpowdered wig, small mous-
tache. There is a dark greenish background; the armour (in
plates?) is bound with gold or brass; the hand rests on a greenish
book with yellow or gold edges. The white lace cravat is loosely
603
tied, the sleeve ruffles are white lace. There are two rings, one,
evidently a guard, of plain gold, the other set with stones."
A reproduction in oil is owned by J. P. Kennedy Bryan, Esq.,
of Charleston; and there is a copy by John Stolle in the Gibbes
Art Gallery, Charleston.
Mr. Smith has also a portrait of Lady Johnson.
Le Noble, Mrs. Catherine, living 1686. Wife of Henry Le Noble.
The original painting is owned by Mrs. R. Y. Dwight, Pinopolis,
South Carolina. Mrs. Le Noble's hair is very dark brown, her eyes
brown, dress silver gray, and mantle red. This and the Le Serurier
portraits were owned by Mrs. Dwight 's father. Dr. Henry Ravenel.
The Rev. Robert Wilson suggests that the same artist, " a tran-
sient visitor," who did this work may have painted the portrait of
Sir Nathaniel Johnson. His portrait is dated 1705.
The reproduction is from a photograph by Mr. W. D. Clarke,
of Charleston.
Le Serurier, Mrs. Elizabeth (Leger), died 1725.
The original painting is owned by Miss Rowena D. Ravenel, of
Charleston. It is said by the Rev. Robert Wilson to have been done
probably by herself (Charleston Year-Book for 1899).
The reproduction is from a photograph by Mr. W. D. Clarke,
of Charleston.
Le Serurier, James, i 636-1 706 ( ?). Merchant.
The original painting, now in fine condition, is owned by Mrs.
Maria R. Gaillard, of Charleston. Hair and eyes are brown; the
coat is brocaded in gold.
It is said by the Rev. Dr. Robert Wilson to have been done prob-
ably by his wife, Mrs. Le Serurier.
From a photograph by Mr. W. D. Clarke, obtained from the
original through the kindness of H. R. Dwight, Esq., of Pinopolis,
South Carolina.
Mazyck, Isaac, 1661-1735/6. Merchant.
The miniature by Isabey, owned by the Rev. Robert Wilson,
D.D., 181 Queen Street, Charleston, was photographed by Mr.
W. D. Clarke for this book. This shows Mazyck's body turned
toward the spectator's left.
The original painting by Largilliere is owned by C. G, Mem-
604
minger, Esq., of Asheville, North Carolina. It was formerly owned
by the late Arthur Mazyck, of Charleston. "The eyes are blue,
hair dark brown, complexion florid, coat dark maroon." — Letter
from Mr. Memminger. In this picture, Mazyck's body is turned
toward the spectator's right.
Mazyck, Mrs. Marianne, 1675-1732. Wife of Isaac Mazyck.
An original painting is owned by Arthur Mazyck, Esq., of Ben-
nettsville, South Carolina, from whom a photograph was obtained
for reproduction in this book. The hair, eyes, and dress are brown,
the chemisette white, and the scarf is yellow.
Rhett, Colonel William, 1666-1 722. Politician.
The reproduction is from a photograph lent by Miss Mabel L.
Webber, of the South Carolina Historical Society, Charleston.
The portrait is reproduced in the South Carolina Historical and
Genealogical Magazine, Volume 4, page 1 08. It is said to be by
Henrietta Johnson. A miniature was painted from this pastel, in
1845, by Charles Eraser, but the expression differs from that of the
original. Both were owned by Miss Claudia S. Rhett, of Charles-
ton, in 1903. In armour; coat red, stock white, wig auburn, and
eyes blue. Miss Pauline S. Thomson now owns them.
Smith, Thomas, 1669-1738. Second Landgrave.
The original painting, dated 1691, is owned by Mrs. Thomas
Henry Smith, of Summerville, South Carolina.
It is here reproduced from a half-tone in "Some Prominent Vir-
ginia Families," by Miss Louise Pecquet Du Bellet (now deceased),
by permission of the J. P. Bell Company.
"Smith's eyes are blue, hair black, coat light cream velvet, with
dark green collar, waistcoat dark green, gold buttons. The re-
production is a detail only." — Letter from Thomas Henry Smith,
Esq., October 12, 191 8.
605
VIRGINIA AND MARYLAND
Alsop, George, born 1638 (?). Writer.
From the engraving prefixed to his book, "A Character of the
Province of Maryland," issued in 1666. Under the portrait are
these words :
"View here the Shadow whose Ingenious Hand
Hath drawne exact the Province Mary Land.
Display'd her Glory in such Scaenes of Witt '
That those that read must fall in Love with it
For which his Labour hee deserves the praise
As well as Poets doe the wreath of Bays.
Anno Do: 1666. .Etatis Suae 28. H. W."
Berkeley, Sir William, i6o6(?)-i677. Governor.
From a photograph by Mr. William Shewell Ellis, (taken for
this book) from the original painting by Sir Peter Lely, owned by
Maurice duPont Lee, Esq., of Wilmington, Delaware, A copy
by Mrs. Jeffrey Montague, of Richmond, was made for Thomas
Fortune Ryan, Esq., in 1907, and in 1915 she made a copy of Mr.
Ryan's copy for the Virginia State Library. Background grayish
black, coat maroon, collar and cuffs white, wig gray, eyes brown.
Berkeley, Philippa Frances (Colepeper), Lady, wife of the Gov-
ernor.
From a photograph (taken for this book) by Mr. William
Shewell Ellis, of Philadelphia, from the original painting owned
by Maurice duPont Lee, Esq., of Wilmington, Delaware. Back-
ground grayish black, gown a rich deep blue, sleeve ruffles white,
hair dark brown, eyes blue, and table cover dark red.
Blair, Rev. James, 1656-1743.
The original painting in the Library of William and Mary Col-
lege is a three-quarters length portrait, with a paper between the
first and second fingers of the left hand. He wears a dark wig;
the eyes are brown and the gown is black. This is a companion pic-
ture to his wife's. It is reproduced from a photograph by Mr. H. P.
Cook. Another three-quarter length portrait with white wig and
both hands spread, the left elbow resting on an open book, is in the
chapel. See "Colonial Virginia," by Chandler and Thames, Rich-
mond, 1907. A detail of the head of the chapel picture is given here.
"We have a miniature of James Blair apparently more youthful
than the portrait at William and Mary." — Dr. W. G. Stanard,
609
Virginia Historical Society. See William and Mary Quarterly for
January, 1899; also Harper's Maffazine, January, 1896.
In the miniature the eyes appear to be light blue or gray, and the
wig is flaxen.
BoLLiNG, Colonel Robert, 1646-1709. Planter.
From a photograph by Mr. H. P. Cook from the original paint-
ing owned by Richard M. Boiling, Esq., of Ashland, Virginia.
His eyes are blue and his wig is brown.
"Robert Boiling's portrait is also reproduced in 'The Boiling
Memoirs' and in Robertson's 'Pocahontas and Her Descendants.'
There is another oil portrait of this Robert Boiling owned by the
descendants of the second marriage. We have a photograph here
[at the Society], but the man who put It here directed that it should
not be copied. It is very much like the other portrait." — Letter
from Dr. W. G. Stanard, Richmond.
Bray, Rev. Thomas, 1656-1729/30. Commissary.
The original painting, very large and now very dark, was given
to the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts,
by Judge Kenelm Digby. It is now at 15 Tufton Street, London.
The half-tone in "Dr. Thomas Bray," by George Smith, Aber-
deen, 1910, has been retouched to bring out the figure. It is repro-
duced here.
Byrd, Colonel Willl^m (I), 1652-1704. Of Westover; as a child.
"The portrait that has been handed down as that of William
Byrd, 1st, was formerly at Upper Brandon. It is now owned by a
daughter of the late Dr. George Harrison, of Washington, D. C,
and is stored away, entirely inaccessible I am told. It represents
him as a child. Cook has a photograph made years ago at Upper
Brandon." — Letter from Dr. W. G. Stanard.
The reproduction is from a photograph by Mr. H. P. Cook, of
Richmond.
Miss A. C. Stewart, of Brook Hill, Henrico County, Virginia,
has a copy of Kneller's portrait which represents a later William
Byrd.
Calvert, Charles, third Baron Baltimore, 1637-1714/15. Governor.
Reproduced by permission from "Side Lights on Maryland His-
tory," by Mrs. Hester Dorsey Richardson. We do not know where
the original is owned.
610
Calvert, George, first Baron Baltimore, i579( ?)-i632. Colonizer.
The original painting by Mytens is owned by the Earl of Veru-
1am. A copy was presented by J. W. Garrett, Esq., to the State
House at Annapolis, Maryland, in 1882; it is reproduced here from
a photogravure lent by George H. Mifflin, Jr., Esq., of the Hough-
ton Mifflin Company.
J. Pierpont Morgan, Esq., has a miniature in his house at Glen
Cove. Our reproduction is from a picture in color in an illustrated
catalogue of his collection ; it is copied by his permission. The cos-
tume is composed of black satin bands on a white undergarment,
long pendant lace collar, hair brown, pointed auburn beard, and a
slight moustache. Background dull green. Signed on the right in
gold with the initials P[eter] O [liver] conjoined. Oval, 2j4 inches
by 2 inches, in an enameled locket.
Mr. Morgan writes, October 5, 1918:
"The eyes are a gray, rather dark, with the outer edge of the
iris almost black, as one so often sees in eyes of that colour. The
beard is rather light brown than auburn, and the hair is brown,
darker than the beard."
An engraved portrait appeared in Pennant's "Journey from
Chester to London," 1784. Bozman's "History of Maryland"
(1811) has an engraving by Edwin. The head faces the left, there
are three ruflFs, and the features resemble the portrait first men-
tioned. Russell's "Maryland" (1907) has a portrait with a chain
of three strands.
Calvert, Leonard, i 606-1 647. Governor.
The original is said to be owned by H. Mason Raborg, Esq., but
no address is known. Our illustration is taken by permission from
Mrs. Hester Dorsey Richardson's "Side Lights on Maryland
History."
Carroll, Charles, 1660-1720. Statesman.
Reproduced from a heliotype of the original painting at Dougho-
regan Manor, Maryland, lent by Mrs. Robert S. Peabody, of
Boston, a descendant.
Carter, Mrs. Elizabeth, i683(?)-i7i9. Wife of "King" Carter.
The portrait is very similar in pose and costume to the beautiful
painting by Kneller of Queen Anne (1665-1714), at Stafford House
in London.
611
"I know that Mr. Glenn says the portrait is that of one of the
Mrs. Landon Carters — for he had three wives. But H. P. Cook,
the photographer here, copied the pictures at 'Sabine Hall' years
ago, and tells me that Mr. Carter Wellford, the owner of the place,
told him that the portrait was that of Betty Landon, ad wife of
Robert Carter. Cook's old negative was marked with the name
he gave me, and which he said the owner had given him," — Letter
from Dr. W. G. Stanard, Richmond. Mrs. Stanard's book on
"Colonial Virginia," recently published in Philadelphia, adheres
to the early tradition that she is Mrs. "King" Carter.
From a photograph by Mr. H. P. Cook.
Carter, Captain Thomas, 1630-1700. Planter.
The reproduction is from a photograph of the original painting
lent by Dr. Joseph Lyon Miller, of Thomas, West Virginia. He
writes: "The portrait represents Major Dale's son-in-law or
grandson (there is some difference of opinion among the descend-
ants as to which the portrait represents), each of them being Capt.
Thomas Carter. . . . The family opinion rather leans to the portrait
being that of Capt. Thomas Carter, who was born in England in
1630, and died in Virginia in 1700. . . . The portrait would seem
to be too well executed to have been by a native artist, as most likely
would have been the case had it been Capt. Thomas Carter, Jr."
The eyes are brown, the wig brown but powdered, the coat dark
brown velvet, and the waistcoat, a little of which shows, is green.
Chambers, Captain Charles, i 660-1 743. Judge.
The painting by Smibert, owned by Russell Sturgis Codman, Esq.,
of Boston, is reproduced from a photograph taken by Mr. Edward J,
Moore for this book. The eyes are dark, the coat a yellow brown
velvet, and the table cover dark green,
Claiborne, Colonel William, I587(?)-i676. Politician,
A painting was presented to the Virginia Historical Society by
descendants in 1908. From a photograph by Mr. H. P. Cook.
Dr. W. G. Stanard writes, May 31, 1917: "The original portrait
of Claiborne was in a miniature with a brother. Dr. Cleborne, once
(about fifteen or twenty years ago) a high officer in the Medical
Staff of the Navy, had an oil copy enlarged from the miniature. All
the portraits having any real claim to accuracy are from photo-
graphs of the Cleborne portrait."
612
In "William Claiborne of Virginia," by John Herbert Claiborne,
M.D. (New York, 1917), there is a reproduction of the life-size,
full-length portrait in the State Library, Richmond, by Miss
Mary R. Gilmer, from "a woodcut of the miniature in London,
showing only the head and a little of the shoulders." The clothing
and accessories are well conceived. His left hand rests on an open
box beside a taper holder ; his right hand holds a rolled paper.
Major W. C. C. Claiborne, of New Orleans, has a half-length
in armour reproduced from the same woodcut. It is the frontis-
piece for the above book. The forehead is full, the cheek bones are
high, the wrinkles are ironed out, the collar lies flatter than in the
portrait here shown. The Claiborne arms are in the upper right
corner.
These portraits are all more or less like the woodcut in the
Magazine of American History for August, 1883, page 90.
CoLEPEPER, Thomas, second Baron Colepeper, 1634/5-1688/9. Gov-
ernor.
The painting owned by the Virginia Historical Society is from
an original at Leeds Castle, Kent, England. The reproduction is
from a photograph by Mr. H. P. Cook.
He has blue eyes and wears a brown wig.
CoRBiN, Henry, 1629-1675/6. Planter.
An original painting is owned by the Tayloe family, of Mount
Airy, Warsaw, Richmond County, Virginia. The reproduction is
from a photograph lent by Miss Stella Pickett Hardy, of Batesville,
Arkansas, author of " Colonial Families of the Southern States."
Miss Estelle Tayloe, of Mount Airy, writes 22 September, 1918:
"The portrait here represents a very florid man, with brown eyes
and a large white wig. He has on a brown robe with light red
collar, and also a white stock."
Dale, Major Edward, died 1695 ( ?). Justice.
The original portrait was burned or lost in the Chicago fire.
A copy owned by Dr. Joseph Lyon Miller, of Thomas, West Vir-
ginia, shows the major with "brown eyes, black velvet coat, dark
red waistcoat, cream colored satin breeches, and a powdered wig."
There is a half-tone in the William and Mary College Quarterly
for January, 1909, opposite page 147.
613
FiTZHUGH, Colonel Willl\m, 1650/1-1701. Lawyer and planter.
The original portrait, owned by Mrs. Edward C. Mayo, of
Richmond, is said to be in very poor condition.
The reproduction is from a copy made by Gustavus Hesselius,
about 1750, and owned by Douglas H. Thomas, Esq., of Baltimore.
It is inscribed, "Colonel William Fitzhugh, aged 4o[48?], 1698."
"There is another portrait of him in the possession of General
Charles L. Fitzhugh, Pittsburgh, Pa."— Dr. W. G. Stanard.
Herrman, Augustine, 1608 (?)-i 686. Planter.
The very old portrait of Herrman with his horse belongs to
Mrs. M. A. O. Massey, Chestertown, Maryland, a descendant.
In the portrait with his horse, he wears a reddish coat and white
necktie. Blood from the horse is upon one of his hands. After he
had settled at Bohemia Manor, he made a journey to New Amster-
dam, where he was arrested for debt and imprisoned in the second
story of a stone warehouse. Feigning insanity, he asked for the
companionship of his horse. When all was quiet, he mounted
the horse, backed to the wall of the prison room, used spurs and
dashed through the window, fell to the ground, rode for the Hudson,
and escaped. To commemorate this adventure, the portrait was
painted. When the manor house was burned, this portrait and one
of Lady Herrman were saved.
Herrman has black hair, brown eyes, and wears the Austrian
riding costume.
The reproduction is from a photogravure in Glenn's "Some
Colonial Mansions," Philadelphia, 1898.
A portrait of Herrman appears on the map of Maryland, en-
graved in 1673 by W. Faithorne. A reproduction is given here.
Herrman, Mrs. Jannetje, 1625/30-1666. Wife of Augustine Herr-
man.
The earliest known portrait belongs to Mrs. M. A. O. Massey,
of Maple Avenue, Chestertown, Maryland.
Mrs. Massey's daughter, Mrs. P. A. M. Brooks, of Chestertown,
writes, October 6, 1918:
" Mrs. Herrman has black hair and eyes, an overdress of green,
with a vest and underskirt of a pinkish tinge. These old portraits
have on them the date 1788, and are supposed copies of the originals,
and have been touched up, so I can't vouch for this coloring being
true."
614
The reproduction is from the half-tone in "Side Lights on Mary-
land History," by permission of the author, Mrs. Hester Dorsey
Richardson.
Hill, Mrs. Elizabeth (Williams). Wife of Colonel Edward Hill.
From a photograph by Mr. H. P. Cook of the original at
"Shirley," in Virginia.
Howard, Francis, fifth Baron Howard of Effingham, 1 643-1 695.
The original is in England.
Reproduction of a photograph by Mr. H. P. Cook from the
painting in the Virginia State Library, made by W. L. Sheppard
in 1877.
Jaquelin, Edward, 1668-1730. Planter.
From a photograph of the original painting owned by B. L.
Ambler, Esq., of Amherst, Virginia, lent by the owner. Jaquelin
has a powdered wig, white shirt and stock, buff gauntlets, and an
olive green velvet coat.
"The portraits were cut out of the original frames by a member
of the family living in Williamsburg and rolled up, so as to be more
easily carried when the English were about to go through that place
in the Revolutionary war." — Letter from Mr. Ambler, 16 May,
1917-
Lee, Mrs. Ann, livinff 1642. Wife of Richard Lee, and later of
Edmund Lister.
Nothing is known of the original.
The reproduction is from an illustration in Lee's "Lee of Vir-
ginia."
Lee, Colonel Richard, i597-i664(?). Statesman.
From a reproduction lent by Mrs. Robert S. Peabody, of Boston,
a descendant. The same portrait is given in Lee's "Lee of Virginia."
The history of the original is not known, but in 1714, at his death,
Richard Lee mentions in his will " Richard Lee's picture, frame and
curtain."
LuDWELL, Philip, died i704(?). Governor.
The original painting was owned some time ago by Miss Mary P.
Lee, of Gloucester Post Office, Virginia. Copies from the original
61J
are owned by P. H. Mayo, Esq., of Richmond, and by his daughter,
Mrs. Bennehan Cameron, of Raleigh, both made by the same artist
at the same time. The eyes are dark brown, the wig powdered, the
clothes a very dark wine colored velvet, with white stock and shirt
ruffles.
The reproduction is from a photograph of Mrs. Cameron's copy,
taken by Mr. H. P. Cook in June, 1918. See also a half-tone por-
trait in Lyon G. Tyler's "The Cradle of the Republic," 1906, page
159, differing somewhat from the one here given.
LuNSFORD, Sir Thomas, i6io(?)-i653. Colonist.
The engraving in Samuel Butler's " Hudibras," Volume 2, Lon-
don, 1859, is from "a unique print in the British Museum." It is
a detail from a full-length engraving by J. W. Cook, which may be
seen in Eliot Warburton's "Memoirs of Prince Rupert" (1849).
A church appears on the left of Lunsford, a burning village on the
right, and small figures in the background. This is said to be copied
from a unique print in the Sutherland Collection at the Bodleian
Library. It is inscribed, "Colonel Lunsford."
In Francis Godolphin Waldron's "Biographical Mirrour"
(1795) there is a portrait of "Col. Lunsford," drawn by Samuel
Harding and engraved by William Nelson Gardiner. It is a front
view in an oval, and is reproduced here. His head is noticeably flat,
the hair appears to be his own, the expression is frank and agree-
able, and he wears a cuirass. This is said {Gentleman's Magazine)
to be from a full-length portrait of Sir Thomas, then (1836) at
Audley End, where were also portraits of the Nevilles; and as
Lady Lunsford's mother, Lady Neville, was in 1653 appointed
guardian of Sir Thomas's daughters, Elizabeth, Philippa, and Mary,
the Lunsford portrait there would seem clearly to represent Sir
Thomas. At Billingbear, a picture of the second Lady Lunsford
could also be seen at that time.
"Cook tells me he has sent you a photograph of a miniature of
Sir Thomas. This was a few years ago, and probably is now,
owned by his descendant of the Lomax family at Warrenton, Vir-
ginia."— Letter from Dr. W. G. Stanard. It is reproduced in the
"Genealogy of the Virginia Family of Lomax," page 59.
The reproduction here given shows the top of the head more
arching than in the Audley End portrait, and with more beard on
the chin. He is evidently younger.
616
MosELEY, Arthur, bom before 1638. Colonist.
The original painting is said to be owned by a lady named
Morgan, in Washington, The hair is dark brown, the eyes are
brown, the satin coat drab.
The reproduction is from an excellent photograph lent by G.
Andrews Moriarty, Esq., of Boston.
MosELEY, Mrs, Susanna, died 1656. Wife of William Moseley.
The original painting is said to be disintegrating in a cellar in
Norfolk, Virginia. Mrs, Stanard, in her "Colonial Virginia,"
cautiously calls this "A lady of the Moseley family," and Mrs.
Philip A. Bruce speaks of the costume as late Elizabeth or early
James I.
The reproduction is from a photograph by Mr. H. P. Cook.
Moseley, William, died 1655. Merchant,
All the Moseley portraits were formerly owned by Burwell B.
Moseley, Esq., of Norfolk, Virginia,
"The pictures appear to have been painted in Holland previous
to the arrival of the family in Virginia, whither they came, as did
so many Cavaliers, after the murder of King Charles. I have in
my possession photographs of all four portraits. The portrait of
William, Jr., is now owned by Mrs, Philip Alexander Bruce,
of Virginia, a descendant of this William. The present location of
the portraits of William and Susanna I cannot tell you. The unique
collection of family pictures descended to Miss Mary Eliza Mose-
ley, of Norfolk, the last of the elder line. She, like many Virginia
gentlefolk, was left impoverished by the war, and the pictures were
sold at the Philadelphia Centennial to a Mrs. Bloomfield Moore,
who belonged to the Moseley family, of Newburyport, and who
imagined that she descended from the Virginia family, but in reality
she had no connection with them, and descended from a New Eng-
land family of that name. When Mrs. Moore found that she had
no relationship with the family, she lost interest, and the picture of
Arthur was sold to a descendant in Washington, a Mrs. Morgan,"
— Letter from G. Andrews Moriarty, Esq,, 191 7.
The picture here given is from a photograph by Mr. H. P. Cook,
Moseley, William, Jr,, died 167 1. Justice.
The original painting is owned by Mrc, Philip Alexander Bruce,
of Virginia, Hair light brown, eyes brown, and satin coat of drab.
617
Reproduced from a photograph lent by G. Andrews Moriarty,
Esq., of Boston.
Page, Colonel John, 1627-1691/2. Merchant.
The original painting of 1660 is at William and Mary College,
Virginia. It is said to be the work of Sir Peter Lely. The hair is
dark and the eyes are brown. The clothing is indistinct.
The reproduction is from a photograph by Mr. H. P. Cook, of
Richmond.
Percy, George, 1580-1632. Poet.
"Copied for the Virginia Historical Society, about 1857, from
the original at Sion House, the then town house of the Duke of
Northumberland, in London." — Dr. W. G. Stanard. Reproduced
here froili a photograph by Mr. H. P. Cook.
Randolph, Colonel William, 1651 ( ?)-i7ii. Planter.
The original painting is owned by Mrs. Edward C. Mayo, of
Richmond. It is in very poor condition. The reproduction is from
a copy painted by Louis P. Dieterich and owned by Douglas H.
Thomas, Esq., of Baltimore. The hair is brown, touched with light,
the eyes are dark blue, and the coat is brown.
Sandys, George, 1577/8-1644. Writer.
The reproduction is from the fine engraving of the original paint-
ing at Ombersley, to be seen in T. Nash's "Collections for the
History of Worcestershire," Volume 2, 1782. It is by George
Powle, from the painting by Cornelius Janssen. W. Raddon's en-
graving of G. Clint's drawing is described in Alexander Brown's
"Genesis of America." It is clearly from the same original, and
appeared, in 1824, in "Effigies Poeticae."
Smith, Captain John, 1579/80-1631. Soldier of fortune.
Smith's "Description of New-England," printed by Humfrey
Lownes for Robert Clerke, at London, in 1616, has a map bearing
a portrait of Captain Smith in the upper left-hand corner, engraved
by Simon van de Passe in 1616. It is reproduced here from the copy
in the Prince Library at the Boston Public Library.
Changes were made in the map from time to time, but the por-
trait remained nearly or quite untouched until the fifth state, when
Smith's right ear disappears behind his growing hair, his moustache
618
protrudes beyond his hairy left cheek, the shadows on his face and
also over his right breast become crosshatched. In the seventh state
the expression loses its serenity and becomes aggressive, and the
doublet is changed to look like moire or figured silk. These states
of the plate are discussed in Winsor's " Memorial History of Bos-
ton," Volume 1, page 52.
West, Thomas, third Baron De la Warr, 1577-1618. Governor.
"An oil painting owned by the Society for the Preservation of
Virginia Antiquities, and now at the Virginia State Library, is from
an original in England." — Dr. W. G. Stanard, Richmond. This
copy was made by William L. Sheppard in July, 1877.
A photogravure from the above was kindly lent by the Houghton
Mifflin Company.
H. B. Hall & Sons engraved a portrait of Lord De la Warr from
a photograph of the original painting by Nicholas Hilliard, at the
seat of Earl De la Warr, Buckhurst, County Sussex. It appeared
in the Magazine of American History for January, 1883. The face
is very benevolent, but rather modern in expression. The neck-
cloth is knotted under the short beard and the ends are concealed
by a robe.
619
1
I
NEW YORK, NEW JERSEY
PENNSYLVANIA, DELAWARE
[Banta], Epke Jacobs, bom 1619. Miller.
The original painting is owned by Mrs. Idabelle Sparks Kress,
of 60 East 179th Street, New York, to whom it was given about
twenty years ago by Theodore M. Banta, Esq., of Brooklyn, author
of the Banta Genealogy. Mrs. Kress writes that about 1898
Mr. Banta "found this old painting (for he was ever and always
delving and digging for dates and records) in the attic of an old
homestead in New Jersey — I forget whether it was Hackensack or
Schraalenburg — stuck away many years ago and covered with dust
and cobwebs. It has always been in the family and handed down,
but not an object to be honored and put on view. The kin who
owned it were very glad to let Mr. Banta have it. He had it cleaned
up, but otherwise not touched or repaired." He vouched for its
authenticity, but it was discovered too late to be reproduced in the
family history. In the corner panels are the words: "^tatis Suae 31
Anno 1650." The photograph shows that the picture was painted
on three strips of wood glued together. The eyes are dark, com-
plexion florid, hair and beard reddish brown, and coat black velvet.
The reproduction is from a photograph by Mr. Peter A. Juley,
of New York. Much information was received from Mrs. Charles
Francis Roe, of Highland Falls, New York, the granddaughter of
Pieter Matheus Bogert and Tryntie Banta.
BjORCK, Rev. Eric Tobias, died 1740.
The original painting is in Sweden.
The reproduction is from a photograph lent by Dr. Julius F.
Sachse, of Philadelphia.
Bogardus, Rev. Everardus, 1607-1647.
The original is known to have been painted on glass.
The reproduction is from a drawing in the "Year-Book of the
Collegiate Church of New York" for 1911, where the history and
authenticity of the portrait are discussed on page 418.
"There was on exhibition at the Fair of the Sanitary Commis-
sion, in 1863, a portrait of the Rev. Everardus Bogardus, painted
on glass. It belonged to Mr. Christopher Tappen, one of his de-
scendants then living in Brooklyn. Mr. Harlow Fenn, also a
descendant, who resided in Troy in 1855, and subsequently on
Staten Island, saw it, and obtained permission to have some copies
made of it. One of these photographs, taken by Mr. Abraham
623
Bogardus, of New York City, became the property of Mr. Abra-
ham Bogardus, of Rcssville, Staten Island. His son, Charles Bo-
gardus, owned it in 1885, and kindly allowed it to be copied for the
use of the Collegiate Church of New York."
Carpenter, Samuel, 1649-1714. Treasurer,
The original painting (25 x 21 inches) is owned by Benjamin A.
Carpenter, Esq., of Salem, New Jersey. Our reproduction is from
a photograph by Mr. Warren T. Sparks, taken for this book by
Mr. Carpenter's permission.
The eyes in the portrait are brown.
A copy is owned by the Historical Society of Pennsylvania;
another by Frederick S. Moseley, Esq., of Boston.
An engraved copy may be seen in the Carpenter Genealogy.
CooTE, Richard, Earl of Bellomont, 1636-1701. Governor.
The following inscription is engraved on a 7 x 5 inch colored
print in the Room of the Librarian, William C. Lane, Esq., at the
Widener Library, Cambridge: "His Excellencie Richard Coote,
Earle of Bellomont, & Lord Coote Colooney, in the Kingdome of
Ireland, Gouernour of New England, New York, New Hampsheir,
and vice admirall of those Seas."
This is a three-quarter standing view of the Earl of Bellomont,
dressed in heavy armour, with a wide red sash about the waist, a lace
kerchief of a bluish tinge at the throat, and frills of the same at the
wrists. The hair falls round the shoulders in heavy curls, and
the head is uncovered. In the background is a dark brown wall
with a heavy drapery of a somewhat lighter shade. An open window
at the right of the picture gives a view of two green trees.
On the back of the picture frame is written on the wood, in ink,
"A very rare and valuable print."
A card, in the back of the frame, states that the print was
"Soaked off from the old board (on which it had wrinkled) and
remounted by Mr. Baldwin Coolidge, in November, 1904. Photo-
graphed by him at the same time."
The reproduction of the portrait in later life is from a heliotype
in Frederic de Peyster's "Life and Administration of Bellomont,"
New York, 1879. Mr. De Peyster obtained the portrait from a
dealer. In Wilson's " Memorial History of the City of New York,"
Volume 2 (1892), pages 2 and 21, portraits of Bellomont in early life
and when older are reproduced. Of the one when older the editor
624
says: "This later portrait of Lord Bellomont has appeared in
several recent works, but there is some doubt of its authenticity.
It certainly has no resemblance to the earlier and genuine picture
on another page."
De Vries, David Pibtersz, born 1593. Traveler.
His portrait by Cornelius Visscher was engraved in 1653, at the
age of sixty, and reengraved in 1853, by A. H. Ritchie, for Murphy's
translation of the "Voyages."
The following lines appear beneath the portrait :
"An Artist thus our David paints, before whose day
America abashed & Asia weak did stay;
Then first the Orange flag their shores did overtake,
Nor Turk nor savage Moor did eer his Courage break,
Much less him overcome. Soubiese saw his arm.
For God and Gods folk raised midst wars alarm.
Now does he in the lap of Hoorn at length repair,
From fire & flame preserved, of Arms to have the care."
Du Bois, Rev. Gualterus, i 666-1 751.
The reproduction is from an illustration in the "Year-Book of
the Collegiate Church of New York" for 1882. The original is
owned by the Church, and there are no portraits known of seven
of his eight predecessors. Bogardus, the second minister, is repre-
sented in this book.
Freeman, Rev. Bernardus, i 660-1 743.
The reproduction is from a photograph by Mr. Peter A. Juley
of the frontispiece to Freeman's "De spiegel des Zelfs-Kennis," a
copy of which is owned by the New York Historical Society.
Hamilton, Andrew, i676(?)-i74i. Lawyer.
The original painting in the Historical Society of Pennsylvania
is reproduced here from a photograph by Mr. C. S. Bradford. The
eyes are gray, the wig powdered, and the clothing brown.
There is a copy of this painting in Independence Hall, Philadel-
phia, but it lacks something of the animation of the original.
Heathcote, Colonel Caleb, 1665-1720/1. Mayor and councilor.
The original painting (31]!/^ x 26% inches) was formerly owned
by Rt. Rev. W. H. De Lancey, Bishop of Western New York. It
625
was purchased by the New York Historical Society in 191 3. The
painting was photographed by permission of Robert H. Kelby, Esq.,
for this book, in June, 1918, by Mr. A. E. Sproul.
The eyes in the painting are black, the wig is light brown, and
the coat is a bluish green.
There is an engraving by V. Balch in Robert Bolton's " History
of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the County of Westchester,
New York," 1855. This is a more accurate engraving than that by
J. Rogers, used in Valentine's "Manual of New York for 1864."
Keith, Rev. George, 1638-1716.
The original painting hangs in the Library of the Society for the
Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, 15 Tufton Street,
Westminster, London. It is reproduced by special permission of
the Rev. Canon Robinson, D.D., editorial secretary, from a photo-
graph by Mr. Donald Macbeth, in April, 1918, obtained through
Norman Penney, Esq., of the Friends' Reference Library at Devon-
shire House, Bishopsgate. The same portrait, apparently, appears
in Bishop Perry's "History of the American Episcopal Church,"
Boston, 1885, Volume i, page 209.
This portrait is a puzzle of great interest. It represents Keith
(if we may assume so much) at about the age of thirty-eight, or
at the time of his marriage, and his visit to the Continent. This
would make the date near 1676. But at this time men wore their
own hair long enough to touch the shoulders or, if they were at
Court, they wore long wigs. Moreover, Keith did not become a
churchman until 1700, and therefore — if we may judge by the
Honthorst portrait of George Fox — he did not wear bands
in 1676. Also, the lapel in the form shown here did not come into
use until 1800 or later. The costume of the portrait, then, is of a
period a century too late for Keith, A close study of the photograph
of the painting shows that a painter of but moderate ability has
altered the entire picture, except the eyes, the mouth, the center of
the coat, and the hand. Judging by the lapel, this was done about
1830.
First, the artist added bands to conform the dress to Keith's later
religious professions. The white paint is thick and bright. It was
then thought necessary to whiten the paper beneath the hand, in
order to make the bands less conspicuously an alteration. Then the
face appeared too dull, and our artist gave it a chalky complexion,
626
obliterating the lines. He had not the courage to touch the eyes
and mouth, which are therefore still subdued in tone. But he did
cut off the long hair on both sides of the face. This was done some-
what clumsily, as appears around the ear. The outline of Keith's
own long locks against the background is still easily traceable when
the photograph is held in strong sunlight. The lapel has been
painted over the Quaker coat, and more than one crease or shadow
from a tightly drawn button still shows to the right of the more
conspicuous "applique" lapel. Of the hair I have not dared to
speak. It probably was parted in the middle, but may have been
as we now see it. In removing the long locks, the artist obliterated
almost every trace of a chair which is dimly outlined at the right.
We have left, however, three vital evidences of the real Keith —
the eyes, the mouth, and the hand. It is not difficult, then, to re-
construct the Quaker preacher, whose portrait for a century must
have embarrassed his admirers in the Church of England until the
above-described changes were made.
Mr. Penney, in a letter to Professor Allen C. Thomas, of Haver-
ford College, says :
"Some weeks ago I went to the S. P. G. and saw the portrait.
I could not learn from any one there how long it had been on the
premises, or from where it had come, nor is anything known of
the artist. There is no name attached to it, but I saw one of the
oldest employees, and he assured me that it was always supposed
to be the portrait of George Keith; and its only interest to the
S. P. G. would be, of course, that it represented Keith. It hangs
in a small frame at the side of the much larger portrait of Dr.
Thomas Bray. I also saw an engraving of the portrait, with the
name George Keith printed under it, but the date of this engraving
I have not yet been able to ascertain. All portraits of Keith which I
have seen bear close resemblance to the painting in Tufton Street."
Professor Thomas believes that all portraits of seventeenth cen-
tury Quakers, except possibly that of William Sewel, should be
viewed with extreme caution.
Kelpius, Johannes, 1673-1708. Mystic.
An original painting by Dr. Christopher Witt is owned by the
Historical Society of Pennsylvania. It is believed to be one of
the earliest extant portraits in oil painted in America, and is attached
to a manuscript volume of writings by Kelpius.
627
A reproduction from a photograph lent by Dr. Julius F. Sachse,
of Philadelphia, is from the Sachse Ephrata Collection.
KosTER, Henrich Bernhard, 1 662-1 749. Preacher.
"The original of this painting on a panel was received in Hanover
during one of my trips to Germany, and was given to me as a por-
trait of the pioneer; further than that, I have no proof of its
authenticity. There is, however, no doubt about the age of the old
panel, and I have no doubt that it is the original which was painted
in Germany after his return to Hanover, where he died." — Letter
from Dr. Julius F. Sachse, February 23, 1918.
Livingston, Colonel Robert, i 654-1 728, Politician.
The original painting was owned in 1902 by Mrs. Daniel Man-
ning, of Albany, New York.
The reproduction is from a photogravure lent by the Houghton
Mifflin Company, of Boston.
Logan, James, 1674-1751. Statesman.
The original painting, 26 inches wide by 32 inches high, is owned
by Albanus C. Logan, Esq., of Germantown. The name of the
artist is not known.
The reproduction is from a photograph by Mr. C. S. Bradford.
There is an etching by H. B. Hall, Morrisania, 1872.
Copies of the painting are owned by the Historical Society of
Pennsylvania, and the Library Company of Philadelphia.
NoRRis, Isaac, 1671-1735. Mayor and merchant.
The original is owned by A. Sydney Logan, Esq., of Philadelphia.
"The eyes are dark brown; hair very dark brown; coat a medium
snuff color, that is, a brown pretty close to the color of an old calf-
skin bookbinding.
" I regret to say that while my two portraits are now practically
the originals, the true originals are no longer in existence.
"Some seventy or eighty years ago, both portraits were irrep-
arably damaged by a coat of bad varnish. They began to turn black
and to fade rapidly. After vain efforts by the best picture men of
that day to save the two originals, my father had remarkably fine
copies made by the best artist then available. I do not know who
made these two paintings direct from the fast-fading originals,
which my father told me, I think, were by Sir Godfrey Kneller." —
Letter from A. Sydney Logan, Esq., 15 September, 1917.
628
NoRRis, Mrs. Mary (Lloyd), 1674-1748. Wife of Isaac Norn's.
The original is owned by A. Sydney Logan, Esq., of Philadelphia.
"I made the negatives myself. . . . The colors consist of very dark
greens, reds, and brow^ns. I unexpectedly found the green the most
non-photographic of the lot. Even with orthochromatic plates, this
green of Mary Logan's bodice proved rather stubborn." — Letter
from A. Sydney Logan, Esq., 11 January, 1918.
Mr. Logan writes: "The eyes are brown; hair dark brown, but
with less extreme depth than that of her husband ; head-dress a rich
gray, evidently semi-transparent; bodice dark green, trimmed at
the corsage and cuffs with red velvet."
Penn, Hannah, 1664-1726. Wife of William Penn.
The Historical Society of Pennsylvania owns a portrait of
Hannah Penn, in blue dress, with white coif, seated in a high-
backed chair. It is 17 x 14J/2 inches, and the artist is unknown.
This portrait formerly belonged to J. Meyrick Head, Esq., de-
ceased, late of Pennsylvania Castle, Portland, England, and was
purchased by the Society at Christie's auction sale, July 10, 1916.
The portrait in Independence Hall, made by Henry J. Wright,
is from the alleged original by Francis Place, now in the possession
of the widow of Sir Henry Spencer Moreton Havelock-AUan, Bart.,
Blackwell Hall, Darlington, England. It forms the Frontispiece
in Volume I of this work, and is from a photograph by Mr. Frank
Cousins.
Penn, William, 1644-1718. Proprietor.
The original portrait in armour, owned by the Historical Society
of Pennsylvania, was given, in 1833, by Granville Penn, Esq., as
"a portrait of his grandfather." It had been for a long time at
Stoke Poges, and is inscribed at the left of the head
iE.Tis, 22 At the right:
1666 Pax Qu^ritur
October 14 Bello
The eyes are brown, the hair dark brown, and the armour black.
The photograph is by Mr.C. S.Bradford, of Philadelphia. A second
portrait in armour is owned by Colonel William Dugald Stuart,
a third by Captain Percy Penn-Gaskell. There is also a small ivory
medallion portrait of Penn carved from memory by Sylvanus Bevan.
629
Printz, Johan, 1592-1663. Governor.
The original painting, owned by the Swedish Historical Society,
Philadelphia, was photographed for this book by Mr. C. S. Brad-
ford, of Philadelphia, by permission of Gregory B. Keen, Esq.,
vice-president of the Society. The hair is brown, the eyes are blue,
the waistcoat, cravat, and cuffs are white, and the coat is black.
Steendam, Jacob, i6i6-i672(?). Poet.
Below the portrait by Kooman, which is a part of the poet's book,
published in 1649, are these lines:
"Behold the contour, countenance, and outward guise.
Of Steendam : here portrayed by Kooman's skilful hand.
His mental gifts, perused in his sweet melodies.
Provide God's Church, a harp which does the ear enchant.
With David's heavenly song. His art who'll fully prize?
The hymning of the Lord, above all praise does rise."
Steenwyck, Cornelius, died 1684. Mayor and banker.
The original painting (24^ x 13% inches) by Jan van Goosen
was painted, it is supposed, at Haarlem, Holland, about 1668, when
Steenwyck visited his sister, the wife of the artist. It came into the
possession of the New York Historical Society in 1882. A photo-
gravure was lent by the Houghton Mifflin Company. The wig and
eyes are dark brown; the coat is black, slashed with white linen.
Strijcker, Jacob, died 1687. Trader and limner.
The original painting on wood by himself is owned by Mrs.
Elsworth L. Striker, of New York. Hopper Striker Mott, Esq.,
writes n July, 1918: "It is well preserved, and although the
wooden panel on which it is painted has split through the center
from top to bottom, no great damage has been occasioned thereby.
The eyes and hair are undoubtedly brown. It is, of course, difficult
to note the texture of the coat. Tradition in the family asserts that
it was black velvet — the magistrate's prerogative, in New Nether-
land."
This picture is from a photograyure in the New York Genealog-
ical and Biographical Record for January, 1907, reproduced here
by courtesy of the Society.
630
Stuyvesant, Peter, i 592-1 682. Governor.
The reproduction is from the original painting (22^ x 17^
inches), given in 1909 by Robert Van Rensselaer Stuyvesant, Esq.,
of Newport, Rhode Island, to the New York Historical Society.
The wig and eyes are dark brown; the sash was originally orange,
it is supposed.
In 1663 the burgomasters of New Amsterdam ordered Elizabeth,
the wife of Henri (or "Sieur Herry") Cousturier, to purchase her
burgher-right because she was selling at retail ; but she replied that
the burgher-right had been given by Stujrvresant to her husband,
who had "painted the portrait of his Honour and drawn pictures of
his sons." ("Iconography of Manhattan Island," 1915, page 95;
called to my attention by Dr. Fiske Kimball, of Ann Arbor.)
Cousturier (usually spelled Coustrie) was in 1670 a deacon of the
Reformed Christian Church of which StU5rvesant was at the same
time an elder. The Rev. Henricus Selyns had just died, leaving a
portrait behind him, now lost. Perhaps both sat to Cousturier for
their portraits. Strijcker has already been mentioned (page 630)
as a reputed artist at this time, but his church affiliations are not so
well known.
Evert Duyckinck lived next door to a house owned by Cousturier,
and may have been an artist, since Evert and Gerrett were in 1699
limners, and Gerardus in 1745 was a painter on glass. A century
earlier Dominie Bogardus had his portrait done in old New Amster-
dam on glass — perhaps by an earlier Duyckinck. These are slight
but very real evidences of portraiture in early New York.
Varleth, Mrs. Anna (Stuyvesant Bayard), died 1683 (?).
The original painting was owned some years ago by Mrs. M. A.
O. Massey.
The reproduction here shown is part of an engraving which
appears in the New York Genealogical and Biographical Record
for January, 1892.
Veeder, Simon Volckertse, 1624-1696. Merchant.
"I saw at Mr. A. Vedder Brower's mother's house in Utica,
several years ago, a portrait which she said was that of Simon
Volkertse Veeder, and that it was authentic. Later her son had a
photograph made which he sent me, and I had it colored as near the
directions of the original portrait as I could. Mrs. Brower is now
631
dead." — Letter from Mrs. Levi Holbrook, New York, February 22,
1918.
One end of Veeder's wig is visible and the other end is thrown
over his shoulder. King James II, who died in 1701, and King
William III, who died in 1702, both exhibit this custom in their
portraits.
The hair is brown, the coat medium blue, the buttons gold, the
stock and wrist ruffle white.
The portraits of Veeder (died 1696) and Berkeley (died 1677)
are reproduced here as though beyond question. The coat in each
case is a little disquieting, like that of Dale or Carter, but tradition
strongly supports the portraits. From old prints and portraits, we
find in use as early as 1650 a man's short coat with big buttons
and buttonholes, but without pockets, and with a slashed skirt. By
1674, when Kneller began to paint in London, the coat had been
extended to the knees, and a slit pocket with or without narrow
flap was in use (Sandford's "Funeral of the Duke of Albemarle").
By 1689 the Kneller type of cuff and pocket flap, usually with
perpendicular buttonholes or braid, was coming into vogue, perhaps
on a hunting costume ("St. James's Park and Palace"), and was
in common use in 1710 ("Coffee House Babble"), when Berkeley's
form of cuff and pocket are noticeable.
The portrait of Lady Berkeley (dead in 1700) resembles
Jonathan Richardson's Mrs. Oldfield holding a book, done about
1710. If it could be proved that an artist had repainted the
Berkeley portraits from earlier pictures, all doubt of authenticit>'
would vanish.
Vetch, Colonel Samuel, 1668-1722. Governor.
The original painting by Sir Peter Lely, owned by Mrs. James
Bayard Speyers, of New York, was photographed for this book,
with her permission, by Mr. Peter A. Juley.
632
NEW ENGLAND
Amory, Thomas, 1682-1728. Merchant.
A portrait is owned bylngersoll Amory, Esq., of Boston. Original
lost.
He has brown eyes, and reddish brown hair nearly hidden by a
gray wig. The neckcloth is white and the coat blue.
This reproduction is from the photogravure by Cowdy & Loud
in "The Descendants of Hugh Amory, 1605-1805"; used by per-
mission.
Andros, Sir Edmund, 1637-1713/4, Governor.
This reproduction was made from the picture engraved by H. W.
Smith for the Prince Society, in 1868, from a photograph of "the
original picture in the possession of Amias Charles Andros, Esq.,
of London."
"Our portrait of Sir Edmund Andros was painted by Charles
Noel Flagg, of Hartford, from a colored photograph of a minia-
ture in possession of his collateral descendants in London, and an
engraved prefix to the Andros Tracts of the Prince Society." —
Letter from George S. Godard, Esq., Connecticut State Librarian.
There is a portrait at the Rhode Island State Library.
Bailey, Rev. John, 1643/4-1697.
The reproduction is from a photograph (taken for this book)
from the original painting, owned by the Massachusetts Historical
Society, of Boston. The wig is gray, the eyes are brown, and the
gown is black.
BowDOiN, James, 1676-1747. Governor.
From the painting by Joseph Badger, in 1746 or 1747, owned by
Bowdoin College; bequeathed, in 1826, by the widow of James
Bowdoin (1752-1811). A fine photogravure appears in Updike's
"History of the Episcopal Church in Narragansett," Boston, 1907,
Volume 1. Wig white, eyes brown, coat greenish brown velvet,
breeches darker brown velvet, stockings very dark, tablecloth dark
blue, upholstery dull peacock blue.
For a detailed description see "Joseph Badger and His Work,"
by Lawrence Park, Esq., in the Massachusetts Historical Society
Proceedings, December, 1917, page 164. Also in pamphlet form.
Bradstreet, Simon, 1603-1697. Governor.
Mr. Bentley wrote in his "Diary," i June, 1804: "I waited on
Mr. Bradstreet of Charlestown to be informed whether the portrait
of Gov. Bradstreet the portrait of the Council Chamber in the
State House, Boston was of the real Governour. He . . . supplied
some facts which tended to remove my doubts. The portrait is a
more modern dress than 1697 when Gov. Bradstreet died at 94 years
of age. The likeness must have been taken in youth & when he was
very corpulent. That some descendant might have been substituted
I might believe ... As no person of eminence in the name was in
civil life, the picture is ascertained, but I should be glad to get its
history as it has many marks of a copy in modern times." The
above statement is disquieting, but I have not felt justified in re-
moving the picture to the doubtful list.
The original painting is in the Massachusetts Senate Chamber.
The reproduction is from a photograph by Mr. Frank Cousins,
from the excellent copy owned by the Essex Institute, Salem, Massa-
chusetts. There is a copy by Joseph De Camp in the Salem City
Hall.
Byfield, Nathaniel, i 653-1 733. Judge.
"The original painting was owned, in i88o, by the Honorable
Francis Brinley, of Newport, a descendant. At Mrs. Brinley's death
the picture was bought by George Tucker Bispham, Esq., of Phila-
delphia."— Letter from Edward Brinley Adams, Esq., of Cambridge,
Massachusetts. Mrs. Bispham now owns it.
A copy by Miss Jane Stuart, exhibited in 1880 at Bristol, Rhode
Island, is now at "Byfield Hall" in the Byfield School, Bristol. Our
reproduction is from Miss Stuart's copy.
Another copy is said to be at Byfield, Massachusetts, in the Town
Hall.
Clark, John, M.D., i598(?)-i664. Physician in Newbury and
Boston.
From the original painting now in the Boston Medical Library.
The descent from the subject to the last family owner is: Dr. John,
the sitter (died 1664) ; Dr. John (died 1690) ; Dr. John (died
1728) ; Dr. John (died 1768) ; Mrs. Elizabeth Howard, wife of the
Rev. Simeon Howard (died 1777) ; Dr. John Clark Howard (died
1810) ; Dr. John Clark Howard, the donor (died 1844). The eyes
are probably brown.
The canvas is inscribed "iEtatis Suae 66, Ann. Suo."
See also the "Massachusetts Historical Society Collections,"
636
Third Series, Volume VII, page 287 (an error); "Proceedings,"
October, 1833, page 480; July, 1844, page 287; February, i860,
page 430; September, 1867, page 47.
CoLMAN, John, 1670/1-1751. Merchant.
The original painting by Smibert is owned by Mrs. Clayton C.
Hall, of Baltimore, who permits reproduction from the photogra-
vure in the " Publications of the Colonial Society of Massachusetts." ■
The wig is gray, the complexion florid, the eyes are steel gray, and
the coat is drab.
CuRwiN, George, 1610-1684/5. Merchant.
The original painting is owned by the Essex Institute, Salem.
The reproduction is from a photograph by Mr. Baldwin Coolidge,
of Boston.
The eyes are brown, the coat is black, the lace dull white, and
the lace trimming dull gold.
The head and lace stock are on a small canvas, which has been
set into the larger canvas. Bentley, in his "Diary," explains this
under date of 30 November, 1819:
"Delivered up the Curwin picture to G. A. Ward for a mean
painting of Gov. Burnet of 1729. The exchange was agreed on,
but the person was mean enough to try to make a fraud out of it.
This picture of Curwin was a three quarter length & much defaced.
I cut out the part representing the head & employed Corne to supply
the part injured, but he did it in a very clumsy manner. At length
H[annah] C[rowninshield] undertook it & with the [gold em-
broidered ?] band before her with success."
Davenport, Rev. John, i 597-1670.
The original painting, on a panel inscribed "J.D. obiit 1670,"
now hangs in the Yale University Dining Hall, and is reproduced
in the "Publications of the Colonial Society of Massachusetts" for
December, 1904. Hair covering Davenport's right ear is not now
visible beyond the line of his cheek. Mr. George Henry Langzettel,
instructor in drawing at Yale, very kindly inspected the painting
at my request. Nor does the hair appear in the picture in Kingsley's
"Yale College" (1879). Hair beyond the cheek shows in repro-
ductions in Drake's "History of Boston" (1856), Winsor's "Nar-
rative and Critical History of America" (Volume 3), and else-
where. The hair over his left ear is gray; his cap is black.
637
Davie, Mrs. Mary, 1635-1752. Wife of George Davie.
This rather crude little canvas was presented to the Massachu-
setts Historical Society by the Rev. William Bentley, who wrote
in his "Diary," 29 September, 1798: "I was favoured from Madam
Skinner of Marblehead with a likeness of Mary Davis, which had
this paper accompanying it. The effigie of Mrs. Mary Davis aged
117. ... By a notice on the canvas 1962, probably 1662, that might
be the year of her arrival, for the settlement on the Kennebec at
Wiscasset Point was in 1663, under one George Davie, whose chil-
dren write Davis." I do not now find the date mentioned above.
The inscription in ink on a paper pasted on the back of the frame
gives her age as 117, mentions the number of her descendants, also
her activities in old age, and says, "She was drove of from the
Eastward 40 years a [go]."
The painting is possibly by Smibert, perhaps by his son. "Time
has touched the colors with a clay-like dingy tinge; from her great
age, the face is wrinkled and rugged; the features are strongly
delineated, the eyes blue and smiling, the lips full and rosy, and
forehead honest and open ; and a white plain cap surrounds the head,
face, and chin, which gives a death-like look to the picture, as though
it had been taken from some living being who had already entered
the valley of the shadow of death ; yet the expression is benevolent ;
but, if the original was ever handsome, this is a sad memorial of
withered beauty." — ^Jackson's "Newton," page 267.
Downing, Sir George, Baronet, 1 624-1 684. Statesman.
From the original painting owned by the heirs of the late Robert
Winthrop, Esq., of New York. The picture has never before been
reproduced, and is here given through the kindness of Frederic
Winthrop, Esq., of Boston. It was photographed by Mr. Peter A.
Juley, in 1918. Eyes, etc., are all in shades of brown.
Endecott, John, 1589-1665. Governor.
The Rev. William Bentley writes, 21 September, 1796: "We . . .
saw the old family picture of G. Endicott. Copies have been taken.
It is hardly to be discovered. The face is the only part, which is
not entirely gone. The canvas is chiefly bare."
William C. Endicott, Esq., of Boston, sends me the following
statement, 30 January, 1918:
"The original portrait of Governor John Endecott was painted
638
in Boston the year of his death, 1664-5. This portrait with the
Governor's sword has been handed down for nine generations,
never by will, but by family agreement, from father to son, as
follows :
1665 John Endecott. Kept at Boston
1667-8 Zerrubbabel Endicott. Kept at Danversport
1683-4 John Endicott. Kept at Danversport
1693 Robert Edward Endicott. Kept at Danversport
1721 Samuel Endicott. Kept at Danversport
1766 John Endicott. Kept at Danversport
1783 John Endicott. Kept at Danversport
1816 Samuel Endicott. Kept at Essex Street, Salem
1828 William Putnam Endicott. Kept at Essex Street, Salem
Washington, 1888-89
1888 William Crowninshield Endicott Salem, 1889-94
1900 William Crowninshield Endicott, Jr. Danvers, 1894-98
Boston, 1898-
. . . About 1820 a copy of this portrait was made by James Frothing-
ham for my great grandfather, Samuel Endicott, which was handed
down in 1828 to William Putnam Endicott; in 1888 to William
Crowninshield Endicott; and in 1900 to William Crowninshield
Endicott, Jr.
"This copy by Frothingham was exhibited at the Jamestown
Exhibition, and after its return was presented by me to Roger Wol-
cott, who now has it in his house in Readville, Mass.
"The Massachusetts Historical Society has a copy of the original
portrait, painted by John Smibert, 1737, purchased for them by
Francis Calley Gray in 1836. The hair is brown, the eyes are blue,
the moustache is gray, the cap and coat are black.
" I know nothing of the history of the copy which is in the Senate
Chamber, Boston, but it is undoubtedly an old copy and is said to
be marked 'Restored by G[eorge] Howorth, Boston.'
"In 1873 my father presented to the American Antiquarian
Society at Worcester a copy by the artist George Southward,
but it already possessed a poor copy made by M. F. Corne
[17J4 X 235^] which was given to the Society by the Rev. Wil-
liam Bentley in 1819. At this time a copy was made by the same
artist for Mrs. Marshall O. Roberts, of New York, now Mrs.
Ralph Vivian, of London (Susan Mansfield Endicott), daughter of
John Endicott.
639
"F. P. Vinton, the artist, made a copy of this portrait for Wil-
liam Endicott, Jr. This is now in the possession of William Endi-
cott, 3d, who resides at 39 Beacon Street, Boston.
"When my father was living in Washington, in 1888, two copies
were made of the original portrait of Governor Endecott by Robert
Hinckley. One copy was given to his daughter, then Mrs. Joseph
Chamberlain, of Birmingham, England, now Mrs. William Hart-
ley Carnegie, of London, England ; the other copy was given to his
sister, Mrs. George Dexter (Sarah Rogers Endicott), which re-
mained in her possession until her death in 1915. It is now in the
possession of her son, William Endicott Dexter, 409 Beacon Street,
Boston. . . .
"Miss Fanny P. Mason has a very small copy of the portrait
made by Savimer Edme Dubourjal, of Paris, who was living in
Tremont Row, Boston, in 1845.
"There are two portraits in the Essex Institute in Salem. The
one on the panel was painted by T. Mitchell, and belonged to
Hannah Treadwell, wife of Nathaniel Treadwell, of Ipswich, who
kept the Treadwell Tavern. On March 29th, 1774, Mr. John
Adams says: 'Rode to Ipswich^ and put up at the old place. Tread-
well's. The old lady has got a new copy of her great grandfather.
Governor Endecott's picture hung up in the house.'
"The portrait on the large panel was given by my great grand-
father, Samuel Endicott, to the East India Marine Society about
1820. ... It is said to have been painted by James Frothingham,
which I doubt, as it compares very unfavorably with the portrait
painted by the same artist now in the possession of Roger Wolcott,
Esq. Some years ago it was transferred from the Peabody Museum
to the East India Marine Society on deposit. . . ."
Freke, John, 1635-1675.
The original painting, which is 42 x 37/^ inches in size, is owned
by Mrs. Gilbert H. Harrington and her brother, Andrew W.
Sigourney, Esq., of Worcester, Massachusetts. It is now deposited
with the Worcester Art Museum. The reproduction is from a
photograph by Mr. M. H. Conger.
The hair and eyes are dark brown, the coat is black, with silver
buttons, and buttonholes outlined with silver braid. Full white
muslin puffs come below the coat sleeve, ending in a frill. The
complexion is rather light, but with good color.
640
Mrs. Harrington and Mr. Sigourney own also a painting of
Mrs. Freke and child, now at the Museum in Worcester.
GoFFE, Colonel William, i6io(?)-i679. Regicide.
This reproduction is from a photograph lent by the Houghton
Mifflin Company, Boston, taken from the drawing by W. N.
Gardiner "in the great interleaved edition of Clarendon in the
Bodleian Library at Oxford." The original is the "Devonshire
Clarendon Picture at Dr. Brooke's, in Leaden Hall Street."
Gray, Edward, i673(?)-i757. Manufacturer.
The original is owned by Mrs. Gedney K. Richardson, Boston.
Lawrence Park, Esq., gives the following account of this picture :
"This portrait, bust size, shows him as a man of about seventy
years of age. His body is turned three-quarters toward his right,
his head nearly front, with his black eyes directed to the spectator.
He wears a large white curled wig, falling to his shoulders, a white
muslin neck-cloth with long pendant ends, and open snuff-colored
coat and a black waistcoat. On the coat are long false button holes
and two buttons appear on the cuff of the coat-sleeve. The arms
hang at his sides with the hands not shown. His face is thin, with
a leathery complexion of brownish-red. The background is of a
light warm gray at the left of the canvas, becoming at the right
a warm brown. In the lower corners are light brownish spandrels.
. . . Painted about 1745."
Haynes, Mrs. Mabel (Harlakenden), 1614-1655.
The original is owned by L N. Phelps Stokes, Esq., of Green-
wich, Connecticut. After studying a photograph of the portrait as
it is today, lent by Mrs. J. M. Holcombe, of New Haven, it seemed
best to reproduce the photogravure made from the painting before
it was cleaned, instead of showing the renovated and apparently
retouched painting as evidence of her appearance. Mrs. Stokes
writes: "The portrait shows her with light hair, which falls in
ringlets on her shoulders, a dark brown dress shot with red and
gray, and with a necklace of large pearls; the dress is open so that
the pearls rest on her neck."
HiGGiNSON, Rev. John. See Wheelwright.
641
Jaffrey, George, i638( ?)-i7o6/7. Merchant.
From the original painting owned by Mrs. James Howard Means,
of Boston. The wig and eyes are dark brown, the justice's gown
vermilion faced with pale gray.
Photographed by permission for this book by Mr. C.Park Pressey.
Knollys, Rev. Hanserd, i599(?)-i69i.
" Engraved by Gimber from a rare print."
Leverett, John, 1616-1678/9. Governor.
The miniature is reproduced here from the original, owned by
Richard M. Saltonstall, Esq., of Boston.
The portrait showing a coat of arms is in the Essex Institute at
Salem, Massachusetts. It is "attributed to Sir Peter Lely." The
reproduction was made from a photograph by Mr. Frank Cousins.
The eyes are dark brown, the coat is brown, clasp buttons black,
cuff and collar dirty white, coat of arms red, black and white.
"A copy by M. F. Come is at the American Antiquarian Society,
Worcester, made for the Rev. William Bentley from the portrait
then owned by the Treadwells of Ipswich, and now at the Essex
Institute. This is the three-quarter length figure with the coat-of-
arms in the corner, but only the head and shoulders reproduced." —
Letter from Clarence S. Brigham, Esq., 7 January, 1918. The
canvas is 14 x 19% inches, and the eight rows of buttons are very
prominent.
Mather, Rev. Richard, i 596-1 669.
A contemporaneous portrait, 24^ inches wide by 29^^ inches
high, is owned by the American Antiquarian Society at Worcester.
In August, 1804, Bentley saw it in Dr. Samuel Mather's library
(then owned by Mrs. Hannah Mather Crocker), and said that its
situation did not promise a long preservation. The picture is very
dark, but the complexion appears to have been florid and the nose
rather red.
Reproduced from a photograph by Mr. M. N. Conger, of Worces-
ter, Massachusetts.
There is a copy painted by G. F. Wright, in 1854, in the Connecti-
cut Historical Society. It varies slightly in position of hands and
book from the original at Worcester.
642
MiDDLECOTT, RiCHARD, 1633 ( ?)-i704. Merchant.
The original painting is owned by Richard M, Saltonstall, Esq.,
of Boston, and is reproduced here by his permission.
The canvas is inscribed "NByfeild: pinx: 1713 ^tat. Suae 37."
Assunaing that the authenticity of the portrait is beyond question
and that "in the 37th year of his age" refers to Middlecott, not to
Byfeild, the picture must have been copied from a likeness made
in middle life, for Middlecott died in 1704. If painted in England
before Middlecott emigrated in 1670, the inscription would make
his birth about 1633, a period when the children of William Middle-
cott, of Boston, England, were being born. If the "JEtat. Suae 37"
refers to the artist, he would have been born about 1676. A
Nathaniel Byfield, Jr., was born in our Boston in 1677, but he died
early, if we may believe the notice of his father's death in the
"News-Letter" for 1733. Of an artist named N. Byfeild we know
nothing, unless Nathaniel Byfield, of Boston, Judge of the Admi-
ralty Court, was a portrait painter, and of this we have no contem-
porary hint. Perhaps " N. Byfeild " was an English cousin.
Montague, Richard, i6i4(?)-i68i. Colonist.
The picture here given is from the unretouched miniature on
copper owned by Henry W. Montague, Esq., of Boston, photo-
graphed for this book by Mr. F. A. Saunderson, Boston.
The family history states :
"In 1789, Major Richard Montague found, at the old homestead
in Hadley, a miniature of Richard, the emigrant, taken in England,
which had been preserved among the keepsakes of the family. The
Major presented the miniature to Revd William Montague of
Boston, and it was preserved in that branch of the family. Some
years since, Mr. George Montague of Chelsea, Mass., employed
an artist, who was considered very skillful in such work, to have
several photographs taken from it. The miniature was very small,
and much worn, the paint in some places being partly rubbed oflE.
The artist, with these photographs and the original miniature lying
before him, aided by a microscope, made a pen and ink drawing,
which, while it did not change the miniature likeness, replaced the
portions worn off by the ravages of time, and restored the portrait.
The frontispiece [to the Genealogy] is a copy of the original pen
and ink sketch."
643
Pepperrell, Mrs. Margery (Bray), 1660-1741. Wife of William
Pepperrell.
The original painting is owned by Captain Reginald R. Belknap,
U. S. N. It was owned, in 1894, by Miss Melicent Jarvis.
Mrs. Belknap says that the dress is a dark yellow-brown, with
the trimming of the same material and color, complexion clear and
rather dark, eyes dark blue, hair light brown, lace white and heavy.
The reproduction is from a photograph lent by Henry W. Mon-
tague, Esq., of Boston.
Pepperrell, Colonel William, i 646-1 733/4. Merchant.
The original painting is owned by Captain Reginald R. Belknap,
U. S. N. It was owned, in 1894, by Miss Melicent Jarvis. See
"Essex Institute Historical Collections," July, 1894, page 64.
Mrs. Belknap writes: "His complexion is florid, eyes dark brown,
robe dark brown faced with terra-cotta, wig light brown, stock
white, background yellow brown."
Reproduced from a photograph lent by Henry W. Montague,
Esq., of Boston.
Peter, Rev. Hugh, 1598-1660. Regicide.
An original painting was owned in 1890 by C. E. Treffry, Esq.,
of Place House, Fowey, Cornwall, England. The panel, 22 x 19
inches, is inscribed with the name and "i^t. 28, 1627."
Reproduced here from a photograph taken when the picture was
on exhibition at the South Kensington Museum, in 1868.
The other reproduction, with his right hand grasping a roll of
paper, is from an engraving by Leney in "The History of Hugh
Peters," by S. A, Peters. New York, 1807.
There is a caricature showing the Devil whispering into his ear
in "Tales and Jests of Mr. Hugh Peters," London, 1660.
See also the British Museum Catalogue of Engraved British
Portraits.
Pike, Major Robert, 1616-1706. Advocate.
Reproduced from a photograph by Mr. Baldwin Coolidge, Boston,
of the original painting in the Massachusetts Historical Society.
The wig is white, the eyes are brown, the complexion florid, the
clothes are tan.
644
Pollard, Mrs. Anne, i62i(?)-i725. First lady of Boston.
The original painting is owned by the Massachusetts Historical
Society. It was given, in 1835, by Isaac Winslow, Esq. Inscribed
i^tatis Suae 100
& 3 Months
Apri' Anno 1721 —
The eyes are brown, the dress is reddish brown, the cap and collar
are white. Photographed by Mr. Baldwin Coolidge, Boston.
James Savage says in his "Dictionary":
"Small deduct, from the full tale of 105 yrs. will anybody make
on looking at the portrait tak. (when she is call. 100 yrs. 3 mos.)
in 1 72 1, preserv, in the Historical Society's Collect, tho. to have
liv. near 58 yrs. aft. her eleventh ch. was b. ought to have satisf.
the appetite of any decent worshipper of tradit. without bring, her
over in Gov. Winthrop's comp. Still a dozen or two of yrs. could
easily be spared, if the circumstance of the young maiden's jumping
from the boat on approach, the shore in Boston harbor, had made
stronger impression on her mind, than the petty concomit. of time
and fellow-passeng. in cross, the sea or the river."
Pynchon, Colonel Willl\m, i 590-1 662. Colonizer.
The original painting is at the Essex Institute, Salem, Massa-
chusetts.
It is inscribed on the lower margin of the canvas
Guil. Pynchon Armgi Effigies
Delin. Anno Dom 1657
i?:tat. 67
The eyes are dark brown, the coat is now black, the collar white.
The reproduction is from a photograph by Mr. Baldwin Coolidge,
Boston.
There is a good engraving by J. A. J. Wilcox.
Rawson, Edward, 161 5-1 693. Recorder.
The original painting is owned by the New England Historic
Genealogical Society, Boston.
It is inscribed: Natis 15 April 1615
^tatis Suae 55, 1670
He has hazel eyes and dark brown hair. His daughter Rebecca's
portrait, now in poor condition, is also owned by the Society. It is
said to be inscribed "^t. Suae 1670."
645
The reproduction is from a photograph by Mr. C. Park Pressey,
made for this book by permission of William P. Greenlaw, Esq.
An engraving was made when the painting was owned by R. R.
Dodge, of East Sutton, Massachusetts.
Saltonstall, Sir Richard, i586-i658(?). Colonist.
The original canvas, painted by Rembrandt while Sir Richard
was in Holland, is owned by Richard M. Saltonstall, Esq., of Bos-
ton. It is reproduced in the "Ancestry and Descendants of Sir
Richard Saltonstall," 1897.
It is inscribed "JEtat. Suae 58 A. D. 1644."
There are copies at the Massachusetts Historical Society and
at Harvard College. The hair is light brown, the eyes blue, coat
brown, belt gold and green, gloves light brown.
Savage, Major Thomas, i 607/8-1 68 1/2. Soldier.
The original painting is owned by Mrs. Frederick C. Shattuck,
of Boston. The eyes are brown, the hair is grayish brown, com-
plexion reddish brown, coat tan colored, collar white lace, and sash
dark red.
The reproduction is from a photograph lent by Lawrence Park,
Esq., of Groton, Massachusetts. The photogravure is slightly
trimmed.
Sewall, Samuel, 1652-1730. Chief Justice.
Whittier wrote :
" His face with lines of firmness wrought,
He wears the look of a man unbought,
Who swears to his hurt and changes not;
Yet touched and softened nevertheless
With the grace of Christian gentleness;
The face that a child would climb to kiss!
True and tender and brave and just,
That man might honor and woman trust."
An original painting, three-quarters length, by Smibert, is in
the Massachusetts Historical Society. It was deposited with the
Society, in 1878, by the Misses Ridgway, of Boston, and bequeathed,
in 1901, by Miss Henrietta B. Ridgway. The hair is white, eyes
dark brown, gown black, chair green. The body is turned toward
the spectator's right hand,
646
Reproduced here from a photograph by Mr. Baldwin Coolidge.
A painting, lO x 14 inches, was owned, in 1894, hy Cecil Hampden
Cutts Howard, Esq., of Bebee, Arkansas, and is reproduced here
from a photograph owned by Frank W. Bayley, Esq. See the
"Essex Institute Historical Collections," April, 1901.
The Samuel Sewall portrait in Volume I of the New England
Historical and Genealogical Register, page 104, differs from the
Historical Society portrait and the Cutts Howard portrait, both
here reproduced. It is said, on the engraving, to be by O. Pelton,
from a painting by N. Emmons. It may be a copy of the Cutts
Howard portrait, but if so it is less sturdy, and the coat is more
ornate, having six buttonholes, with two large buttons showing.
Sewall, Stephen, 1657-1725. Clerk of courts.
Two paintings are owned by the Essex Institute, Salem, Massa-
chusetts. His wig is white, his eyes dark, his coat and cap black.
The portrait reproduced here is in the John Ward house. On the
back is a printed label: "Major Stephen Sewall, b. 1657, <!• 1725.
Clerk of Witchcraft Court." "An old painting lately rebacked and
perhaps revarnished. There is a coat of arms in the upper right-
hand corner, and the oval is still visible." — Miss Weeks, who had
charge of the Athenaeum exhibition, went to Salem to study this
picture.
Another portrait, the original or possibly a copy of the one just
mentioned, hangs upstairs in the main hall of the Essex Institute.
This portrait is reproduced in the new edition of Dunlap's " History
of the Arts of Design," 1918, and by a typographical error is called
Samuel Sewall.
Stoddard, Mrs. Elizabeth (Richardson), died 1757.
The portrait of Mrs. David Stoddard (formerly Mrs. Samuel
Shrimpton, Jr.) is owned by heirs of the late James Watson Gerard,
of New York, who married Eliza, daughter of Governor Increase
Sumner. Mrs. Sumner was the granddaughter of Mrs. Stoddard,
whose portrait as a child is given here. Mr. Gerard's grandson
was recently ambassador to Germany.
Stoddard, Mrs. Elizabeth (Roberts), died 1713.
The original painting was left by the will of General William H.
Sumner, in 1872, to the Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston.
647
The hair is light brown, the eyes are brown, and the dress is black
and white.
The reproduction is from a photograph taken for this book, A
copy by Angelica Patterson is owned by Miss Elizabeth W. Perkins,
of Boston. This portrait, with puffed sleeves, should be compared
with her mother's portrait dated 1675, with her niece Elizabeth
Richardson's portrait, with "Mrs. Patteshall and child," with
Mrs. Elizabeth Paddy Wensley at Plymouth, and perhaps with
Curwin and Downing. They all appear to be the work of one
artist about 1670-1680.
Stoughton, William, 1631-1701. Governor.
The original painting is owned by Harvard College.
The reproduction is from a photograph taken for this book by
Mr. Herbert W. Taylor, of Cambridge, Massachusetts.
"He had been one of the crew of Andros; with the favour of the
Mathers he had retained office in the time of Phipps; with the best
light God had given him, he had done to death the Salem witches;
and all that is left of him now is the forbidding portrait in Memorial
Hall, with the stiff open hand that tells how he was the first native
benefactor who built a hall for Harvard College." — Barrett Wen-
dell's "Cotton Mather," page 152.
Thacher, Rev. Thomas, 1620-1678.
The original portrait in the Old South Church, Boston, was
photographed by Mr. C, Park Pressey for this book.
Vane, Sir Henry the Younger, 1613-1662. Governor.
The painting in the National Portrait Gallerj% London, is repro-
duced here through a photograph.
In 1866, Sir Henry Ralph Vane, Bart., exhibited at the South
Kensington Museum a portrait of Sir Henry, by Van Dyck.
There is an engraving by Faithorne of " Sir Henry Vane Knight
of Raby Castle," also reproduced here.
Venner, Thomas, executed 1661. Fifth Monarchy man.
The reproduction of the portrait, showing the face in three-
quarters view, is from a photograph by Mr. Donald Macbeth,
17 Fleet Street, London, taken for this book from Pagitt's "Here-
648
siography" (1662) in the British Museum. It was published by
Caulfield & Herbert in 1794. Under the portrait is this inscription:
"This Helmet was a Crown by Revelation
This H albert was a Sceptor for the Nation
So the Fifth-Monarchy anew is grac'd
King Venner next to John aLeydon plac'd."
There is another portrait, full face, which may be seen in the
New England Historical and Genealogical^ Register for October,
1893, said to be "from an unique print in the Collection of Alex-
ander Hendras Sutherland Esq"". F. S. A." This print bears the
inscription :
"THOMAS VENNER.
Preacher at the Conventicles of the Fifth
Monarchy Men. & Seducer of Libertines.
Captain of the seditious Anabaptists &
Quakers in the City of London — Beheaded &
Quartered 19 Jany. anno 1661."
Walley, John, i644(?)-i7ii/i2. Major General.
The original painting is owned by Grenville Vernon, Esq., of
New York City, and is reproduced from Mr. Peter A. Juley's
photograph, taken for this book. The eyes are blue, the wig reddish
brown, the coat a very dark blue, and a reddish scarf over his left
shoulder.
L. Grozelier's lithograph, Boston, in Freeman's "History of Cape
Cod," Volume I, Boston, 1858, is also reproduced. It represents
Walley as a young boy.
Wheelwright, Rev. John, i592(?)-i679. (Higginson, so called.)
The original painting, now unframed in the office of the Sergeant-
at-Arms, State House, Boston, was photographed by permission for
this book by Mr. C. Park Pressey. The sitter wears a dark cap,
white bands, white moustache and goatee. His head is turned three-
fourths to the spectator's left; there is a book in the sitter's right
hand, and the back of his left hand is seen with a ring on the little
finger, the thumb being upright. This picture is reproduced in a
commemorative volume of the First Church of Christ in Quincy,
1890, as the Rev. John Wheelwright, and it appears (but reversed)
in T.W. Higginson's "Descendants of the Rev. Francis Higginson,"
649
privately printed, 1910, as the portrait of their immigrant clergy-
man. Much controversy has raged over this portrait, and over the
two copies, one of which was painted by Henry Sargent in 1800,
and given to the Essex Institute, in 1835, by the Hon. Stephen
Higginson; the other, head only, which was done about 1803, by
M. F. Corne, for the Rev. William Bentley, the diarist, and is now
owned by the American Antiquarian Society, Worcester,
The picture at the State House is vouched for as an ancient
original by George Fuller and J. Eastman Chase, artists, and no
objection was offered to the antiquity of the inscription in dark
letters at the left of the white collar, which reads, as mutilated by
cutting down the canvas in earlier days:
[i^tat] is Suae 84
[Anno D]omini 1677.
This proves that the sitter was born about 1593. Bentley shows
in his "Diary" that Salem has long considered this to represent a
Higginson, for he records in May, 1797, "Higginson is in the
Council Chamber." In October, 1803, he refers to the portrait of
"Old Francis Higginson, the first Minister." The fact that this
minister, who passed on in 1630, had been dead forty-seven years
when the portrait was painted did not much disturb him, unless the
entry for 23 November, 1818, shows some uneasiness: "I took
F. Higginson's portrait for his son John's till Cotton Mather [in a
Funeral sermon called Nunc Dimittis] on his death says, as I found,
that John's was never taken."
Francis Higginson had been dead half a century before the date
of the portrait, and his son John left no portrait. But since tradi-
tion is strong, I wish to bring further light to bear on the problem.
Does the portrait look like a Higginson of that day — like John
who was living in 1677? This question can perhaps be answered,
for John Dunton, the traveling bookseller, in a letter to his wife,
written from Boston in 1686, says to her:
"Having slept well in my New Quarters the next Day I went
to pay a Visit to the Ministers of Salem: who were Mr. Higgins
[Rev. John Higginson, born 1616] an Antient and Grave Minister,
in his Stature and Physiognomy very much resembling your Rev-
erend Father." (Letters, Prince Society, page 254.)
Mrs. Dunton's father was the Rev. Samuel Annesley, D.D.,
LL.D., of Queen's College, Oxford, whose life and portrait appear
650
in Calamy's "The Nonconformist's Memorial." He is better
known, perhaps, as John Wesley's grandfather, and as a nephew
of the Earl of Angelsey. His is a resolute, calm, commanding
presence. In early life he had roughed it at sea, and his is a face
strong and confident, rather than sensitive and refined, like that of
our debatable portrait. His is a head with brow not over broad,
and with chin firm and square. Such is the physiognomy recalled
to Dunton when he saw the Rev. John Higginson. H Anncsley is
like the Higginsons, then the State House portrait, it seems to me,
represents some one else.
The age indicated on the canvas (84 in 1677) can point as far
as I am aware to only one New England divine, and the Rev. John
Wheelwright alone has been brought forward as claimant. He was
of the age, in 1677, that the artist has recorded, and after a stormy
career was now surrounded by influential and wealthy sons and
daughters, who might be expected to desire a portrait painted. He
was sensitive, soon tiring of the rough life at Wells, Maine, and
he had literary tastes which we may properly associate with the
intellectual oval face to be seen in the portrait. Moreover, his
uplifted thumb indicates a trait of "thumbs up" in time of intense
mental activity, that persists in the Wheelwrights today. Mr.
Henry B. Wheelwright wrote about 1890:
" My grandfather lived to ninety-one, and always sat in his arm
chair with hands slightly clasped, and both thumbs turned upward
rigidly, in extertso. So with others of us who turn up one thumb.
It is entirely involuntary with us all." (First Church of Christ,
Quincy, Memorial.)
I have for the first time called attention to contemporary evi-
dence of the appearance of the Rev. John Higginson, who was
living in 1677, and this is to my mind of more value to the Higgin-
sons than a disputed portrait at the State House, every circumstance
of which seems out of harmony with their family history. This
adds to the probability that the disputed portrait represents the
Rev. John Wheelwright.
A very scholarly discussion of Dunton's value as a witness to
life in Early New England, by Professor Chester N. Greenough,
will be found in the " Publications of the Colonial Society of Massa-
chusetts" for March, 1912. Professor Greenough brings over-
whelming evidence to substantiate his conclusion that "Dunton is
a highly unreliable person whose narrative cannot be accepted as a
651
record of historical fact." Dunton culled his most telling descrip-
tions of places and characters from books of the period, and about
one-third of the paragraph relating to Higginson is taken from
Bishop Earle's "A Grave Divine," in his " Microcosmography."
There can be no question that Dunton used another man's w^ords
to describe Higginson's character; but the sentences which relate
to preaching twice on the Lord's Day, Dunton's visits to the clergj-
man's house, Higginson's promise to assist him in business, and the
reference to Mrs. Dunton's father — "stature and physiognomy
very much resembling your reverend father" — do not appear to
have been taken from any other author. The question then arises
whether this part of the paragraph is Dunton's spontaneous and
true statement, or whether this also is "local color." The fact that
Dunton did come to Boston to meet clergymen and other book-
lovers, who might enlarge his business, would seem to lead him to
speak the truth in a passage of this nature, however much he might
be tempted to depend upon the wits of others for general de-
scriptions.
The Essex Institute portrait, a copy by Henry Sargent in 1800,
came from the Essex Historical Society in 1848. The eyes are gray,
the coat black, the book has red edges, and the inside cover of the
eyeglass case is red. The face is round and Igcks expression.
WiNSLOW, Edward, 1595-1655. Governor.
An original portrait, perhaps by the Cromwellian painter, Robert
Walker, is preserved in Pilgrim Hall, Plymouth, given by the heirs
of Dr. Isaac Winslow, of Marshfield (1882). It is reproduced
here.
"An excellent copy" is in the Massachusetts Historical Society,
made by Edgar Parker in 1882. The eyes are brown, the hair very
dark brown, the coat blue-black velvet. A reproduction in color
appears in the recent edition of Bradford's "History" issued by the
Massachusetts Historical Society. Portraits of Brewster, Brad-
ford, and Alden, which appear in a book issued in 1909, are
imaginary.
Winslow, Penelope, 1633-1703. Wife of Josiah Winslow.
The original painting in Pilgrim Hall, Plymouth, was received
from the heirs of Dr. Isaac Winslow, of Marshfield, in 1882.
The eyes are dark and were probably blue originally, the hair
is a chestnut brown, the dress snufE brown, and the robe a dull red.
652
The reproduction is from a copyrighted photograph by Mr. A. S.
Burbank, Plymouth, used by his permission.
WiNTHROP, John, 1587/8-1649. Governor.
"If you could by a very careful! hand send the litle picture of my
grandfather, put carfuUy up in som litle box, here is one M^ould
copy it for my cousin Adam; the grate one here had som damage
in the townhouse, espetially in one of the eyes, and he desires to se
that." — Wait Winthrop to Fitz-John Winthrop, 31 October, 1691.
Upon the above letter much depends for a correct history of the
Winthrop portraits. They may be enumerated as follows :
A. State House portrait. "The grate one in the tovtrnhouse."
This has been too much retouched, but has always been
considered to be a portrait from life.
A a. An important copy (with additions) is at Harvard College.
Ah. There is also a crude painting owned by Mrs. Robert Win-
throp, of New York, perhaps a copy of the State House
portrait.
B. Miniature on ivory. "The little picture." This portrait has
every appearance of age and is unquestionably an original
from life, left perhaps with Mrs. Winthrop when the
governor first crossed to New England.
Ba. The painting owned by the American Antiquarian Society in
Worcester is held by many to be an original from life. I
believe that it is the copy, made in 1691, from the miniature
on ivory when the miniature was in perfect condition. It is
the strongest and best likeness now extant.
Bh. There is a miniature at Worcester that came from the Rev.
William Bentley. It is apparently a copy of the painting {Ba)
just referred to.
These portraits were discussed in the Boston Courier for
17 September, 1846, by Dr. S. F. Haven, librarian of the American
Antiquarian Society.
A. Portrait at the State House (No hands).
This, it is agreed, is a portrait from life, but it has been retouched
more than once, and not to its advantage. Nothing is known of its
origin, but there can be little doubt that this is the one referred
to as "the grate one here in the townhouse" in 1691 — which "had
some damage espetially in one of the eyes." ("Proceedings Massa-
chusetts Historical Society," March, 1883, page 116.)
653
This was probably the portrait of which the following anecdote
is found among the family memoranda: "One of the Pequott Indian
Sagamores, who knew the old Governor Winthrop, coming to
Boston after his death, and going into the room where his picture
was, ran out very much surprised, crying out, ' He is alive, he is
alive, he is alive!' " — "Life and Letters of John Winthrop," 1630-
1649, page 408.
It is referred to by the Rev. William Bentley, in 1803, as at the
Court House in the Land Office Room, Boston, and retouched.
It is reproduced here from a photograph by Mr. Baldwin
Coolidge.
A copy, by Osgood, was given to Harvard College by the Hon.
T. L. Winthrop in 1835. It is now in the Harvard Union, Cam-
bridge. Dr. Alexander Young wrote in 1846: "It was from this
[State House portrait] that the late Lieutenant Governor Win-
throp had the copies taken, which are now in the possession of
Harvard College, the Historical Society, and the Hon. R. C.
Winthrop." Hair reddish brown, eyes blue.
A copy by Beaumont was given by the Hon. T. L. Winthrop, in
1833, to the Boston Athenaeum.
A copy is owned by Frederic Winthrop, Esq., of Boston.
Aa.
A copy is at Memorial Hall, Harvard College, "given by Adam
Winthrop, Esq., in 1840." The dark colors are badly cracked.
This has, apparently, the face of the State House portrait, but with
the right arm resting on a book, the hand holding a roll of paper.
The finger points to the words, "Winthrop's Journal of New Eng-
land" on the scroll, and to a passage dated in 1635, and referring
to the Governor's bark, Blessing of the Bay. The left hand is upon
the hilt of a sword. Through a window at the right a schooner is
seen, with hills beyond. The schooner rig did not come into general
use until a decade later than 17 13.
Ab. Family painting.
Robert C. Winthrop said in 1867: "Another portrait of him is in
possession of my cousin, Thomas Charles Winthrop, Esq., of New
York, who has also the original portraits of the Governor's grand-
father, Adam." ("Life and Letters, 1630-1649," page 408.)
The ruff is well done, but the features are of crude workman-
ship. The head is canted to the left more than in any other portrait.
654
It descended from Francis Bayard Winthrop, of New York, to his
son, Thomas Charles, and then to the latter's son Robert, of New
York, whose widow now (1918) owns it. Tradition claims that it
was done in America from life. The position of the head near the
top of the canvas is an indication of seventeenth century work, but
it may be a copy of the Worcester portrait.
The painting is owned by Mrs. Robert Winthrop, of 38 East
37th Street, New York.
B. Miniature on ivory.
This is undoubtedly "the little picture" owned, in 1691, by
Wait Still Winthrop, and lent to be copied for Adam Winthrop,
of Boston. The one owned by Wait Still, in 1691, was said by
Robert C. Winthrop, Jr., in 1882, to be owned by the heirs of
Francis Bayard Winthrop, Jr., of New Haven, whose sons. Major
Theodore and Colonel William, left as heirs their nieces, the
Misses Johnson, on Staten Island. Miss Caroline S. Johnson, of
New Brighton, Staten Island, says that she never heard of the
miniature in her branch of the family. If "F. B. Winthrop, Junior,
of New Haven" was an error for F. B. Winthrop, Senior, of New
York, father of Thomas Charles Winthrop, the descent would be
clear, from Governor John, through John, Wait Still, John, John
Still, Francis Bayard of New York, Thomas Charles, and Charles
Francis; the latter left it to his brother Robert's son, Robert
Dudley, from whom it went to the latter's brother, Frederic Win-
throp, Esq., of Boston, the present owner.
The miniature is very old, on ivory, and in an ivory case; the
top of the case is i^ inches in diameter. The miniature is on an
ellipse I ^ inches high by i inch wide. The background is gold, the
hair and beard reddish, the coat black but nearly all gone. The ruff
and features are still good. Winthrop appears as a man of about
forty. The miniature has never before been photographed.
Ba. Painting at the American Antiquarian Society.
This is evidently the painting copied, in 1691, from the miniature
on ivory, before the miniature became damaged by time. The in-
heritance from Adam (1647-1700) through Adam (1676-1743)
would be inevitable to Professor John (1714-1779), of Cambridge.
The Professor's eldest son died in 1800, and his youngest son,
William, was the last survivor of that generation. But why it went
to William, rather than to his older brother John, I do not know,
unless the absence of John's sons in Louisiana made it unwise to
send the picture on so long a journey.
The canvas is 29 inches wide by 35 inches high, a half-length,
with reddish brown hair and beard (the tip frayed out), blue eyes,
black coat, thick ruff, and cream white glove.
"Our large portrait of Governor Winthrop was bequeathed to
the Society by William Winthrop, of Cambridge, 1825. According
to family traditions, it was painted by Van Dyck, but certain art
experts doubt this, although they think that it may have been painted
by a pupil of Van Dyck. Mr. Clarence W. Bowen, New York,
who has lately made a most extended study of the Winthrop por-
traits, says that this is the best and most authentic picture of the
Governor extant." — Letter from C. S. Brigham, Esq., 1918.
The head is near the top of the canvas. The modeling of the face
and two hands (his left holding a glove) is strong. Very little re-
touching has been done. It should be observed that over Winthrop's
own right shoulder the hair falls in an unbroken curve at the
bottom, both here and in the ivory miniature. This line has an angle
in the State House picture and its copies.
Bb.
The miniature at the American Antiquarian Society at Worcester
appears to be a copy of the Worcester painting, and was owned by
the Rev. William Bentley. The size is iy\ inches wide by if|
inches high. The eyes appear to be brown, but the hair is properly
reddish brown, and the tip of the beard is frayed out to show indi-
vidual hairs. The background is a slate gray. The sitter appears
younger than in the painting; he has a thinner ruff and a more
bulbous nose. The miniature is first referred to by Bentley, 22 July,
1790, in these words, "Mr. Winthrop favored me with a miniature
of the first Governor Winthrop, which was a very high compliment."
He refers again to this miniature, 19 May, 1797, as follows, "I have
a miniature of Governour Winthrop from the original." Dr. S. F.
Haven wrote, in 1846, of the large painting at Worcester, and then
of "a miniature, in an antique silver locket, very like the other,
and probably copied from it." Of the large painting he says:
"Whatever may be the feeling of descendants and connections on
the subject, it seems to me that the portrait at Worcester should
be the most interesting one to the historian. It most accords with
the character of Winthrop as he is best known to us, and corre-
6se
spends best with the scenes and incidents of his life, as exhibited
in the 'Chronicles of the Colony,' with which his name and fame
are associated."
WiNTHROP, John the Younger, 1605/6-1676. Governor.
The original painting is owned by Mrs. Robert Winthrop, of
New York. The hair is dark brown, and the eyes are brown.
The reproduction is from the photogravure in the sketch of his
life by T. F. Waters. Ipswich Historical Society, 1899.
Copies are owned by the Massachusetts Historical Society,
Joseph Grafton Minot, Esq., of Boston, and by heirs of George W.
Folsom, of Lenox.
The copy at the Connecticut State Library, Hartford, is by
George F. Wright.
Although there are statues of Governors Haynes, Hopkins, and
Eaton on the Connecticut State Capitol, there are no likenesses now.
The statue of Governor Winthrop is by Paul Wayland Bartlett.
Winthrop, Mary (Luttrell), died 1715. Wife of Adam Winthrop.
Dr. Halsey De Wolf, of Providence, Rhode Island, owns por-
traits of Mr. and Mrs. Adam Winthrop which he has had photo-
graphed for this book. Mr. Winthrop was born in Boston in 1647
and died in 1700. Mrs. Winthrop was born in England.
Winthrop, Colonel Stephen, 1618-1658. Soldier.
" My kinsman, Robert Winthrop, of New York, has a portrait
(of which I have a copy) of a young officer of the Stuart period,
which has been in our family for generations, and is called * Colonel
Stephen Winthrop, M. P.' If authentic, it must have either been
sent by him as a present to his father before his death, or subse-
quently procured by his brother John or his nephew Fitz-John,
during their residence in England." — R. C. Winthrop, Jr., in
"Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society," May, 1898,
page 211.
The reproduction is from the photograph in the Registry of
Deeds, Court House, Boston, used by permission of the Abstract
Club.
657
THE WEST
La Saixe, Robert Cavelier, Sieur de, 1643-1687. Explorer.
The portraits of La Salle are discussed in detail by Dr. Winsor
in his "Narrative and Critical History of America," Volume IV,
page 244. The portrait here reproduced is from Jules Adeline's
picture in Gravier's "Decouvertes et Etablissements de Cavelier
de La Salle," Paris, 1870, and is said by Gravier to be based on an
engraving from a medallion preserved in the Bibliotheque de Rouen.
This, Dr. Winsor says, is "the only picture meriting notice, except
possibly a small vignette, of vj^hich Gravier gives a facsimile in his
'Cavelier de la Salle de Rouen,' Paris, 1871."
The vignette referred to above is ^ of an inch in diameter, a
three-quarters view with coat open well down toward the lower
curve of the circle. The band about the circle bears at the left
Le Sievr de and at the right La Salle. Below the shaded panel
on which the vignette rests are the words, Fac-simile d'une gravure
du Cabinet de M. Edward Pelay de Rouen. The features are so
minute that they appear as mere dots. The face is smooth, plump,
and oval, surmounted by a thick, curly, dark wig. Girouard, in his
"Lake St. Louis Old and New" (1893, page 12), says, "That none
of these portraits are authentic goes without sa5ang, and possibly
none of them represent La Salle."
A youthful La Salle, showing a three-quarter view of the face,
is the frontispiece to Margry's "Voyages des Frangois sur les
Grands Lacs," Paris, 1879. It was engraved by Waltner. Here
we have, says the author, a portrait, "qui oflrait le plus de vrai-
semblance et qui, agrandie par la photographic, interpretee par un
graveur habile et homme d'esprit, m'a donne la figure placee en tete
du premier volume." — Page xxxi.
In C. R. Remington's " The Shipyard of the Griffon," a portrait
of Father Hennepin is said to do duty for La Salle.
Marquette, Jacques Lesperance, 1637-1675. Missionary.
The authenticity of the portrait of Marquette is discussed at
length in "The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents," edited
by R. G. Thwaites, Volume LXXI, 1901, pages 400-403. The
following extracts tell the story: "February 19, 1900, the artist
[Donald Guthrie] McNab wrote to the Editor [Dr. R. G.
Thwaites] from Toronto, declaring that he had discovered what
he believed to be a contemporary portrait of Marquette. In the
course of the correspondence which ensued, Mr. McNab reported
661
that in the winter of 1896-97, while walking along Little St. James
Street, Montreal, he 'overtook two French boys drawing a hand-
cart loaded with rubbish and scraps of broken boards, on top of
which was thrown an old panel, the shape of which attracted my
attention. Picking it up I inquired as to where they had found it.
"O, all of this wood is from an old house." But they would not
speak further, whether from fear or ignorance; however, they were
pleased to part with it for a little silver.' . . .
"The face is a wonderful fine example of modeling and coloring,
and could be mistaken for a work of Rembrandt, were it not for
the signature, 'R. Roos, 1669,' above which are two lines which I
take to be as explanatory of the model ; though cracks and dirt have
defaced most of the words, save 'Marquette de la Confrerie de
lesus,' which is quite legible. On the back of the panel, which is
13M X 17^ inches, and about half an inch thick, there has been
carved 'Pere Marquette,' strong and deep — but this carving evi-
dently is not by a contemporary. . . . The social standing and easy
circumstances of the Marquettes — who formed one of the 'first
families,' if not the most distinguished of Laon — would, of course,
account for their employing so eminent an artist to duplicate, in
1669, a painting then in their possession; for Marquette himself
was already in Canada, or rather at the mission du S. Esprit on
Lake Superior. . . .
"November 12, [1900] as proofs for the present volume were
being read. Father Jones wrote: 'Today I have something of in-
terest to add to what I have already written you, in the matter
of the Marquette portrait. A month or so ago I sent one of the
photo-prints to Rev. A. Hamy, S. J., who is stationed at Boulogne-
sur-mer, France, and who is much interested in all that relates to
Pere Marquette. I thought I had sufficiently explained to him that
the lucky discoverer of the portrait was Mr. McNab, in spite of
which he gives me undue credit for the find, and adds :
" ' I congratulate you on having found the likeness. You will
now be glad to hear that there is every likelihood of its proving
authentic. The day after I received it, I met with the grandson
of a Mr. Dagneau de Richecourt, whose wife was a Marquette.
This person [the grandson] unhesitatingly assured me that he saw
in the picture a striking resemblance to one of his two uncles.' . . ."
Reproduced from Fiske's "New France and New England," 1904.
The statue of Marquette at Marquette, Michigan, is imaginary.
662
INDEX
INDEX
Ability, distribution of, 15 ; and
portraits, 16
Acadia, Steenwyck governor of, 302 ;
Vetch plans to capture, 333
Adamsen, Jan, and Mrs. Beekman,
301
Adams, Edward Briniey, quoted, 636
John, quoted, 640
Adventure, galley, 233
Adventurers, portraits of, 7
Aernouts, Captain Jurriaen, his ex-
ploits in Maine, 389
Age at death of immigrants, 16
Aged persons. See Davie and Pol-
lard
Albany. See Beverwyck.
Alden, John, imaginary portrait
mentioned, 652 ; no portrait
of, 512
Algonquin words, 208
Allen, Joseph, limner, 3
William, his wife, 249
Alphen, Holland, 325
Alsop, George, his life, 67; his por-
trait, 69 : comment <>n por-
trait, 609
Ambler, B. L., painting owned by,
156; owner of portrait, 615
Richard, marries Elizabeth
Jaquelin, 155
American Antiquarian Society, 650
Ames, Dr. William, portrait men-
tioned, 2
Amory.Ingersoll, owns portrait, 635
Jonathan, a friend of Colonel
Rhett, 339
Thomas, his life, 339; his por-
trait, 341 ; comment on
portrait, 635
Anabaptists, 553
Andrew, William, his daughter
marries Pynchon, 451
Andrews, , a fifth monarchy
man, 496
Andros, Amias Charles, owner of
portrait, 344, 635
Sir Edmund, requires oath in
New York, 302; his life,
343 ; his portrait, 345 ; com-
ment on portrait, 635
Angels present at Mrs. Bailey's
death, 348
Anne, Queen, her children, 83 ; h«r
portrait mentioned, 611
Annesley, Rev. Samuel, 347; men-
tioned, 650
Anti-Catholic riots, 96
Antinomianism and Calvinism, 504
Appel, Willera, marries Magdalena
Veeder, 329
Apple trees, 135
Appleton, Dr. John, on a Mather
portrait, 579; on the Wil-
son portrait, 597
Arbella, ship, 459
Arundell, Thomas, Lord, his daugh-
ter marries Lord Baltimore,
95 ; her beauty, 95
Atkins, Joseph, portrait of, 9
Rev. Mr., marries Isaac Mazyck
to Marianne Le Serurier, 49
Audley, Lord, 616
Avalon, colony at, 99, 100
B
Backer. See Veeder.
Bacon, Nathaniel, his rebellion
crushed, 71 ; Berkeley and,
75 ; and Byrd, 92
Bacon's Rebellion, the Hills in,
147; Ludwell in, 167
Badger, Joseph, his portrait of
Bowdoin, 351; portrait by,
397; mentioned, 596a, 635
Bahamas, Rhett governor of the, 57;
Venner's plan to visit, 495
Volume I ends mtk pag* 236
66s
Bailey, Rev. John, his life, 347; his
portrait, 349 ; comment on
portrait, 635
Mrs. Lydia, angels present at
her death, 348
Baker, Darius, referred to, 557
Balch, Thomas Willing, his book
on the Shippens, 587
Vistus, engraver, 626
Baliol, Dervorguilla, portrait of, 6
John de, portrait of, 6
Ball, Alwyn, owner of portrait, 603
Elias, his life, 21 ; his portrait,
23 ; comment on portrait,
603
Ballantine, John, marries Mary
Winthrop, 529
Baltimore, Lords. See Calvert
Bankes, Mary, marries Baltimore,
95
Banking in Boston, 367
Banks, Charles Edward, referred to,
496
Banqueting house, 127
Banta, Epke, his life, 217; his por-
trait, 219; comment on
portrait, 623
Theodore Melvin, owner of
portrait, 623
Baptism, Davenport on, 375
"Barford," Carter's home, 115
Barker, Elizabeth, marries Winslow,
507
Thomas, marries daughter of
Hugh Peter, 440
Barnabit, Winnifred, marries Dav-
enport, 375
Bartlett, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph
Gardner, mentioned, 17
Paul Wayland, artist, 657
Baxter, Richard, at Earls Colne, 401
Bayard, Balthazar, marries Mary
Bowdoin, 351
Rev. Lazare, portrait of, 8
Nicholas, marries Judith Var-
leth, 143 ,
Samuel, and wife, painting of,
5, 8 ; brother of Stuyvesant,
309 ; marries Anna Stuyve-
sant, 325
Samuel, Jr., marries Alida
Vetch, 334
Bayley, Frank William, editor of
Dunlap, 4; mentioned, 17,
18, 603, 647, 690
Beast, Benjamin, death of, 195
Beaumont, Charles, artist, 654
Bedford, an estate, 135
Beekman, Catarina, wife of Willem,
her flirtation, 301
Belcher, Jonathan, and Lyde, 360;
visits Mrs. Davie, 380; on
Pepperrell, 436
Belknap, Reginald Rowan, owner
of portrait, 644
Bellet, Louise Pecquet du, quoted,
62
Bellingham, Richard, his marriage,
5"
Bellomont, Earl of. See Coote
Bentley, Rev. William, refers to
Endecott's portrait, 386;
on Leverett's portrait, 414;
on Mather's portrait, 420;
and the Wheelwright por-
trait, 504; quoted, 635, 638,
642, 650, 653, 654, 656
Berkeley, Philippa Frances, Lady,
her life, 75 ; her portrait,
77 ; and Lord Colepeper,
123 ; marries Ludwell, 167;
comment on portrait, 609
Berkeley, Sir William, his life, 71 ;
his portrait, 73 ; his wife,
75 ; his coach driven by the
hangman, 76; his will, 76;
upholds Calvert, 103 ; Lee
his secretary, 163 ; and Lud-
well, 167 ; comment on por-
trait, 609, 632
Bevan, Sylvanus, sculptor of bust of
Penn, 629
Biestken's Bible, 553
Bigotry, in New England, con-
demned, 460
Billingbear, 616
Bispham, George Tucker, owner of
portrait, 636
Bjorck, Rev. Eric Tobias, his life,
221 ; his portrait, 223 ;
comment on portrait, 623
Blackstone, William, and Mrs. Pol-
lard, 447
Blackwell, John, mentioned, 281
Blair, Rev. James, his life, 79 ; his
portrait, 81 ; Mrs. Blair's
portrait referred to, 80;
and Andros, 344; comment
on portrait, 609
666
Bland, Giles, his encounter with
Ludwell, 167
Richard, marries Elizabeth
Randolph, 199
Blasphemy, punishment for, 384, 394
Bleecker, Jan Janse, supposed por-
trait, 596^
Blessing of the Bay, 654
Bloodybones or Lunsford, 171
Bob wigs, 596a
Boehm, Jacob, influence on Kelpius,
261
Bogardus, Abraham, owner of por-
trait, 624
Rev. Everardus, his life, 225 ;
his portrait, 227; comment
on portrait, 623
Bogert, Pieter Matheus, mentioned,
623
Bohemia Manor, 143 ; Penn claims,
. 96
Bohemian portrait, 14
Boiling, Richard M., owner of por-
trait, 609
Robert, his life, 83 ; his por-
trait, 85 ; comment on por-
trait, 609
Boiling family portraits, 83
Boiling Hall,'83
Bolton, Chapelry of, 99
Bolton, Robert, referred to, 626
Bonnet, Stede, the pirate captured,
57
Book of Common Prayer, Endecott's
opposition to, 386; Venner
hates, 496
Books, 428; Carter's, 116; in Vir-
ginia, owned by Moseley,
'^?
Boston, painters in, 2, 3 ; eminent
men in, 13 ; first woman in,
447; Winthrop gift to, 534
Boston Harbor, fortified, 463
Bowdoin, James, his liiFe, 351; his
portrait, 353 ; comment on
portrait, 635
Bowen, Clarence Winthrop, men-
tioned, 656
Bradford, C. S., photographer, 18,
625, 628, 629, 630
Governor William, no portrait
known, 9; did not approve
Winslow's last visit to
England, 507; no portrait
of, 512; imaginary portrait
mentioned, 652
William, printer, 246
Bradish, Frank Eliot, his opinion on
the Wilson portrait, 597
Bradstreet, Anne, her poems, 355,
. 356 .
Simon, his life, 355; his por-
trait, 357; comment on
portrait, 635
Brainard, Homer W., on Higgins
portrait, 6
Brattle Square church, 367
Braxton, Carter, his mother, iia
Bray, John, his daughter Margery,
431
Margery, and Pepperrell, 435
Rev. Thomas, portrait used, 8 ;
his life, 87; his portrait,
87; comment on portrait,
610; his portrait mentioned,
627
Breedon, Elizabeth, later Mrs. Stod-
dard, 479
Thomas, mentioned, 476
Brenan's "History of the House of
Percy," 196
Brent, Margaret, executrix of Cal-
vert, 103
Brereton, Colonel Thomas, marries
Claiborne's daughter, 120
Brewster, William, no portrait of,
512; imaginary portrait
mentioned, 652
Bribery, 92
Bridges, Charles, painter, 4, 569
Brigham, Clarence Saunders, quoted,
3, 642, 656
Bright, Thomas, portrait mentioned,
8
Brlnley, Francis, owner of portrait,
636
Brock, Elizabeth, wife of Printz, 293
Bromfield, Edward, owner of Owen
portrait, 597
Brooke, Baker, marries Ann Cal-
vert, 104
Brooks, Mrs. P. A. M., quoted, 614
Robert, his widow marries
Curwin, 371 ; marries Eliz-
abeth Winslow, 50S
Volume I ends with page j^
66j
Broughton, Colonel Thomas, his
life, 25; his portrait, 27;
comment on portrait, 603
Brower, A. Vedder, mentioned, 631
Brown, Alexander, on De la Warr,
211; mentioned, 618
Lawrence, limner, 3
Thomas, his daughter marries
Hamilton, 249
Browne, Anne, wife of Winthrop,
515
Broxton, Cheshire, home of Byrd, 91
Bruce, James, portrait not of immi-
grant, 7
Mrs. Philip Alexander, and the
Moseley portraits, 175 ;
mentioned, 617
Bruton church, Blair rector of, 80
Bryan, J. P. Kennedy, owner of
portrait, 603, 604
Buckingham House, Virginia, 127
Bulfinch, Dr. Thomas, marries Col-
man's daughter, 367
BuIIer, Jane, marries Claiborne, 120
Bunch of Grapes Tavern, Boston,
340
Burbank, Alfred Stevens, opinion
of Standish portrait, 591 ;
mentioned, 653
Burden, John, rescues Keith, 258
Burnet, Gilbert, Bishop, on Dr.
Blair, 80
William, portrait mentioned,
637
Burnham, Captain Rowland, his
widow marries Corbin, 127
Burrington, Governor George, treat-
ment of Gale, 30
Burton, Stephen, marries Elizabeth
Winslow, 512
Burwell, Lewis, his mansion, 200
Byfeild, N., artist, 4, 643
Byfield, Nathaniel, his life, 359;
his portrait, 361 ; marries
Sarah Lcverett, 413; buys
lands, 499; comment on
portrait, 636; mentioned,
643
Byrd, William, portraits discussed,
7 ; his life, 91 ; his portrait,
93 ; another portrait used
in place of one of him, 92 ;
his wife, 147; comment on
portrait, 610
Caledonia, colony. Colonel Vetch
at, 333
Callowhill, Thomas, his daughter
marries Penn, 285
Calvert, Cecilius, second Baron
Baltimore, 100
Charles, third Baron Baltimore,
his life, 95; his portrait,
97; favors Carroll, 107;
and Herrman, 140; com-
ment on portrait, 610
George, first Baron Baltimore,
his life, 99; his portrait,
101 ; comment on portrait,
611
Leonard, his life, 103 ; his por-
trait, 105 ; comment on por-
trait, 611
Philip, Secretary, 99; meets
Herrman, 139
Calvert familj', 95
Cameron, Mrs. Bennehan, owner of
portrait, 616
Campbell, Charles, opinion of
Howard, 152
Sarah, wife of James Bowdoin,
351 .
Canada, portraits of missionaries,
8; Vetch plans to reduce,
333; expedition against, 499
Cape Ann, pirates on, 471
Careswell, estate, 511
Carnegie, Mrs. William Hartley,
mentioned, 640
Carolina portraits, 15
Carousing and preaching as crimes,
347
Carpenter, Benjamin Acton, owner
of portrait, 230, 624
Samuel, his life, 229; his por-
trait, 231; comment on
portrait, 624
Carroll, Charles, his life, 107; his
portrait, 109 ; his wife, 566 ;
comment on portrait, 611
Carter, Elizabeth, her life, in ; her
portrait, 113; comment on
portrait, 611
John, related to Captain Thomas,
115; of Corotoman, his
wife, 147
Robert, his career, 11 1
668
J
Thomas, his life, 115; his por-
trait, 117; his wife the
daughter of Dale, 131;
comment on portrait, 612
Carter family, 147
Carteret, Lord, his agent Brough-
ton, 2$
Cartier, Jacques, portrait not used, 8
Carver, John, no portrait of, 512
Cary, Miles, his family, 155
William, his daughter marries
Jaquelin, 155
Catawbas, trade with, 92
Catechetical Lectures, 87
Cavelier, Robert See La Salle
Cecil, Sir Robert, Calvert secretary
to, 99
Celtic eminence, 13
Chamberlain, Mrs. Joseph, owner
of portrait, 640
Chambers, Charles, his life, 536a;
his portrait, 536^; com-
ment on portrait, 612
Champernowne, Francis, 8
Gawen, portrait mentioned, 8
Chandler, Julian Alvin Carroll,
his book, 609
"Character of the Province of
Maryland," a book, 67
Chardon, Isaac, his wife, 53
Peter, marries Colman's daugh-
ter, 367
Charles, brigantine, 471
Charles I, Alsop on, 67; dies, 440
Charles II, Downing makes his
peace with, 383 ; ventures
Downing, 384; his remark
about Vane, 492; minia-
ture of, 526
Charleston, painters in, 3; Ball's
house at, 21
Charleton, Thomas, his daughter
marries Baltimore, 95
Chase, J. Eastman, mentioned, 650
Chastaigner, Alexander, marries
Le Noble's daughter, 37
Chauncy, Rev. Charles, president
of Harvard, portrait dis-
cussed, 6, 549; teacher of
Thacher, 487
Rev. Charles, of Boston, sermon
on Mr. Gray, 398; mar-
ries Mary Stoddard, 476
Chemnitz, surrender of, 293
Cherokees, trade with, 92
Cherry trees, 238
Child, Thomas, painter-stainer, hit
family, 3
Chilton, Mary, no portrait of, 512
Chimney money, 33
"Choice grain of old England," 13
Christ, Pynchon's views on, 452
"Christian Charitie," 519
Christina, on the Delaware, 221,
222
Church, Benjamin, portraits faked, 7
Church of England service, con-
formity required in South
Carolina, 25 ; services in
Philadelphia, 265
Churchill, Charles, portrait used
for Benjamin Church, 7
Claiborne, John Herbert, his book,
6x2
William, his arms and birth-
place, 99; his claim to
Kent Island, 103 ; his life,
119; his portrait, 121;
comment on portrait, 612
William Charles Cole, owner
of portrait, 613
Clark, Jacob, marries Alice Davie,
379
Dr. John, the physician, of
Newbury and Boston, his
life, 363 ; his portrait, 365 ;
comment on portrait, 636
Clarke, Mrs. Jeremiah, her father's
portrait, 8
Rev. John, supposed portrait, 7;
portrait discussed, 553
Captain Thomas, his daughter
marries Byfield, 359
Major Thomas, his daughter
marries Freke, 390
W. D., photographer, 18, 604
Clarkson, David, his marriage, 246
Claypoole, James, portrait of, in
Faris's "Romance of Old
Philadelphia," represents
James, born in 1720, and
not James the immigrant
of 1683
Cleburne, Edmond, and Colonel
William, 119
Clint, George, artist, 618
Volume I ends with page ^36
669
Clopton, Thomasine, wife of Win-
throp, 515; her death, 516
Club in New Amsterdam, 302
Coat of arms, Johnson's, 33 ; Le
Noble's, 37; Page's, 191;
carelessness about heraldry
in Virginia, 191 ; Lee's, 163 ;
Savage arms, 464
"Cobbs Hall," 159
Coddington, William, jokes with
Peter, 440; his portrait
discussed, 557
Code, Carroll's opinion of, 107
Codman, Russell Sturgis, 612
Coerten, Geert, a gossip, 301
Coeymans, Arientje, portrait men-
tioned, 9
Coffin, William, his tavern, 340
Cogan, Elizabeth, wife of Endecott,
388
Cogswell, William, portraits by,
278
Colepeper, Alexander, brother of
Lady Berkeley, 75
John, Lord, his family, 75
Thomas, Lord, expected in Vir-
ginia, 76; his life, 123; his
portrait, 125; comment on
portrait, 613
Colman, Rev. Benjamin, mentioned,
367; his niece marries
Gray, 397
John, his life, 367; his portrait,
369; comment on portrait,
637
Colonial Society of Massachusetts,
637, 651
Coming, Affra, 21
Comingtee Plantation, 21
Compton, Bishop, 87
Conger, Myron N., photographer,
579, 640, 642
Connecticut, Episcopacy in, 254
Cook, Heustis P., photographer,
mentioned, 18, 84, 184,
196, 609, 610, 611, 612, 613,
615, 616, 617, 618
John, execution of, 440
John William, engraver, 616
Cooke, Elisha, Jr., marries Jane
Middlecott, 423
Sarah, wife of Colonel Rhett,
57
Coolidge, Baldwin, photographer,
624, 637, 644, 645, 647
Cooper, Rev. Samuel, legacy for,
352. .
Rev. William, marries Judith
Sewall, 468
Cooper's union, 495
Coote, Richard, Earl of Bellomont,
his life, 233 ; his portrait,
235; opinion of Freeman,
246 ; comment on portraits,
624
Corbin, Henry, his life, 127; his
portrait, 129; his banquet-
ing hall, 159; comment on
portrait, 613
Cornbury. Lord, mentioned, 245, 246
Come, Michele Felice, artist, 639,
642, 650
Cortez, Fernando, portrait of, men-
tioned, 8
Corwin. See Curwin
Costumes in 1675, 371
Cotton, Rev. John, influences Dav-
enport, 375 ; his widow
marries Mather, 420; en-
courages Anne Hutchinson,
491 ; reputed portrait dis-
cussed, 561 ; Mather's de-
scription of, 561
Countries likened to inns, 525
Court, Dale sits covered in, 131;
dignity of, 200
Cousins, Frank, photographer, 18,
629, 636, 642
Cousins marrying, Sewall on, 475
Cousturier, Henri, painter, i, 631
Covenant of Grace, 503
Coytmore, Thomas, his widow mar-
ries Winthrop, 515
Craddock, Elizabeth, wife of John
Jaquelin, 155
Cradock, Matthew, and Endecott,
385
Cranfield, Governor Edward, and
Knollys, 406
Craven, Mr. Secretary, 26
Thomas, his daughter marries
Andros, 343
Crispe, Elizabeth, wife of Andros,
344
Crocker, Mrs. Hannah Mather,
owner of portrait, 642
Cromwell, Oliver, prayed for in
Virginia, 131 ; and the
crown, 383 ; a friend of
Wheelwright, 503
670
Cross cut from flag, 386
Crowninshield, Hannah, painter,
637
Culpeper. See Colepeper
Cup-bearer, 343
Curtis, Mrs. Greely Stevenson,
owner of portrait, 583
Curwin, George, portrait of, 2; his
life, 371; his portrait, 373;
comment on portrait, 637
"Custom born Christians," 484
D
Dale, Edward, his daughter mar-
ries Carter, 115; his crest,
116; his life, 131; his por-
trait, 133; comment on
portrait, 613
Sir Thomas, arrival in Vir-
ginia, 195
Danckaerts, Jasper, his stories of
Andros referred to, 344;
describes Bradstreet, 356;
visits Mrs. Patteshall, 583
Darien. See also Caledonia
Darien expedition, 41, 45
Darnall, Henry, his daughter Mary
marries Carroll, 108; his
portrait discussed, 565 ;
portrait, 567
Mary, marries Lord Baltimore,
Darnall family, 561, 562, 569, 570
Darnall portraits, 7
Davenport, Charles Benedict, his
account of the immigrant
type, II
Rev. John, his life, 375 ; his
portrait, 377; helps the
regicides, 393 ; comes to
Boston, 487; comment on
portrait, 637
Davie, George, his career, 379;
mentioned, 638
Mary, her life, 379; her por-
trait, 381; comment on
portrait, 638
Davis, Seth, and the age of Mrs.
Davie, 380
William Thomas, and the
Standish portrait, 595
De Camp, Joseph, artist, 636
Defence, ship, 401
Delamare, Mary, her family, 21
De Lancey, James, marries Anne
Heathcote, 254
William Heathcote, Bishop,
owner of portrait, 625
Delaval, John, marries Hannah
Lloyd, 281
Delaware, Dutch and English
claims to, 139; portraits of,
215
De la Warr, Lord. See West
De Peyster, Abraham, and wife,
portraits mentioned, 10
De Trouiu, ship, 217
De Vries, David Pieterszoon, helps
the stone church at New
Amsterdam, 226; his life,
237; his portrait, 239;
comment on portrait, 625
De Wolf, Dr. Halsey, owner of
portraits, 657
Dexter, Mrs. George, owner of por-
trait, 640
Dickinson, John, marries Mary
Lloyd, 282
Dielman, Louis H., mentioned, 17,
. 565 .
Dieterich, Louis P., copies old por-
trait, 200, 618
Digby, Kenelm, donor of portrait,
610
Diggs, Ann, wife of Henry Darnall,
Jr., 566
Edward, marries Elizabeth
Darnall, 570
Discipline in New England, 375
"Discourse and View of Virginia,"
72
Disputed portraits, 547
Dissipation in Virginia, 127
"Distelvink, Den," 297
"Distressed State of the Town of
Boston," 367
Ditchley, an estate, 159
Dobson, William, his portrait of
Vane, 492
Dodge, Reuben Rawson, owner of
portrait, 456, 646
Dongan, Thomas, portrait doubt-
ful, 7; and Livingston, 269
Volume I ends ivith page ^36
671
Downing, Emmanuel, his daughter
marries Bradstreet, 356;
uncle of the younger Win-
throp, 525
Sir George, portrait of, 2; his
life, 383; his portrait, 385;
nephew of Winthrop, 515;
comment on portrait, 638
Joseph, his relatives, 427
Downing College, 384
Downing Street, 384
Dress in 1718, 339
Drew, Robert, marries Jemima
Clark, 364
Du Bel let, Louise Pecquet. See
Bellet
Du Bois, Rev. Gualterus, his life,
241 ; his portrait, 243 ; com-
ment on portrait, 625
Dubourjal, Savimer Edme, artist,
640
Dudley, Joseph, sends Vetch to
Quebec, 333; and Byfield,
360; and Mrs. Davie, 380;
and Paul, portraits men-
tioned, 9
Due Repulse, ship of war, 525
Dummer, Richard, his wife's illness,
. 363
Dunce in a pulpit, 108
Dunton, John, portrait not used, 8 ;
his opinion of the Baileys,
347 ; quoted, 650, 652
Dutch, Nordic race, 14
Dutch feuds, 245
Dutch portraits, 14
Duyckinck, Evert and Gerrett, 631,
690
Dwight, H. R., mentioned, 604
Mrs. R. Y., owns portrait, 604
Dyckwoode, Thomas, father of
Hugh Peter, 439
E
Eaton, Theophilus, and Davenport,
375 ; his son marries Mrs.
Haynes, 402
Edes, Herbert Henry, his notice of
Colman referred to, 368
Education in Virginia, 135
Eliot, Rev. John, quoted, 363 ;
opinion of Pynchon's book,
452; alleged portrait of, 571
Elk River, lands on, 140
Ellis, Hannah, marries Gray, 394
William Shewell, photographer,
609
Elliston, Robert, portrait mentioned,
9
Eltonhead, Alice, wife of Corbin, 127
Emigrant type, Davenport on, 12
Emigration from Europe, character
of, n, 13
Eminent men, Anglo-Saxon and
Celtic, 13
Emmons, Nathaniel, artist, 647
Endecott, John, his life, 385; his
portrait, 387; comment on
portrait, 638
Endicott, Samuel, 639
William Crowninshield, quoted,
638
William Putnam, mentioned,
William, 3d, mentioned, 640
English, Philip, his wife a witch,
.444
Engravings unreliable, 5
Ephrata collection, 222
Episcopacy, 253, 254
Episcopalians, 13
Evans, Mrs. Eleanor, mentioned, 67
Evelyn, John, the diarist, 95
Evil genius of Maryland, 119
Explorers, portraits, 8
Extravagance in Virginia, 200
Fabricius, Johannes Albertus, Kel-
pius writes to, 261
Face type in 1650 and 1775, 10
Factories of Africa, 88
Fairfax, Thomas, Lord, marries
Colepeper's daughter, 123
Fairlie, Marion, mother of Colonel
Vetch, 333
Faithorne, William, engraves Herr-
man's map, 139, 140; por-
trait of Vane by him, 492;
mentioned, 614, 648
Fama and Stvan, ships, 293
Family, size of, 16
Felton, Sir Henry, his daughter wife
of Howard, 151
Fenn, Harlow, mentioned, 623
672
Ferryland, settlement at, 99
Fielding and Vavasour, 172
Fifth monarchy, 495, 496
Fisher, Jane, mother of Leverett,4i3
Fitzherbert, Elizabeth, wife of An-
dros, 344
Fitzhugh, Charles L., owner of por-
trait, 614
Fitzhugh, Henry, portrait of, 8 ; his
wife Lucy Carter, 112
William, his life, 135; his por-
trait, 137; comment on
portrait, 614
Flagg, Charles Noel, painter, 635
Floyd, Anne, wife of George Percy,
196
Flucker, Thomas, marries Judith
Bowdoin, 351
Fludd, Katherine, mother of Luns-
ford, 171
Flying-Horse, privateer, 389
Folsom, George W., owner of por-
trait, 657
Forbes, Edward Waldo, on the
Chauncy portrait, 549
Ford, Philip, troubles with Penn,
277
Fort Christina, 293
Fort Good Hope, anecdote of Dutch
life at, 238
Forth, John, his daughter marries
Winthrop, 515
Foster, John, engraver, i ; his en-
graving of Mather, 420
Fox, George, and Keith, 257; por-
trait mentioned, 626
Foye, Captain John, mentioned, 536a
Eraser, Charles, artist, 605
Freake. See Freke
Freeman, Rev. Bernardus, his life,
24s ; his portrait, 247 ;
comment on portrait, 625
Freerman. See Freeman
Freke, John, portrait of, 2 ; his life,
389; his portrait, 391;
comment on portrait, 640
Mrs. John, portrait of, 2
French portraits, 14
Frittita, Frederick F., photographer,
565
Frothingham, James, artist, 639, 640
Fuller, George, artist, 650
Funeral, no wine at, 132
Gabry, Peter, & Sons, merchants, 139
Gaillard, Maria R., owner of por-
trait, 604
Gale, Christopher, his life, 29; his
portrait, 31; comment on
portrait, 603
Miles, antiquarian, 29
Garden, Alexander, portraits men-
tioned, 9
Gardiner, William Nelson, en-
graver, 616; artist, 641
Gardner, Captain Joseph, his widow
marries Bradstreet, 356
Garrett, John Work, mentioned, 611
Gaskell, Peter, marries into Penn
family, 290
Geest, Catherine, mother of La Salle,
539
Gendron, John, his wife, 53
Gerard, James Watson, owner of
portrait, 647
German portraits, 14
Gerrish, Samuel, marries Mary
Sewall, 468
Gibbes, John, and his opinion of
Ludwell, 168
Robert, his fight for governor,
Gibbs, Henry, marries Mary Mid-
dlecott, 423
Gibson, Elizabeth, wife of Endecott,
386
Gignilliats, the family, 41
Gilbert, James, on the Standish
portrait, 592
Roger, owner of Standish por-
trait, 592
Gilmer, Mary R., comment on her
portrait of Claiborne, 6i2
Gimber, Stephen H., engraver, 642
Glass, making of, 203
Glenambler, estate, 156
Glenn, Thomas Allen, uses Penn
portrait, 7; and the Carter
portraits, 611
Goade, John, his wife, 427
Godard, George Seymour, quoted,
Godin, Benjamin, his wife, 53
" God sifted a whole Nation," 484
673
Volume I ends with page Jj6
Goffe, William, secreted in New
Haven, 376; his life, 393;
his portrait, 395; comment
on portrait, 641
Goldsmith, Walter, name used by
Goffe, 394
Gooch, Governor William, 79
"Good Newes from New England,"
507
Goodspeed, Charles Eliot, editor of
Dunlap, 4
Gookin, Daniel, mentioned, 187
John, his daughter marries
Moseley, 187
Goose Creek, 61
Goosen, Jan van, an artist, 302, 630
Gordon, Alexander, painter, 4
Gossip in New Amsterdam, 225, 301
Gout, effect of, on old age, 83 ;
Randolph afflicted, 200
Gower, Ann, wife of Endecott, 386
Graeme, Thomas, portrait men-
tioned, 9
Graft, Bellomont a foe of, 234
Grant, Madison, on the Nordic race,
13
Grape culture, 34
Gravier, Gabriel, mentioned, 661
Gray, Edward, his life, 397; his
portrait, 399; comment on
portrait, 641
Francis Calley, mentioned, 639
Green, Dr. Samuel Abbott, on
Foster, 2
Greenlaw, William Prescott, men-
tioned, 646
Greenough, Chester Noyes, opinion
on Cotton portrait, 562 ;
his opinion of Dunton, 651
Thomas, marries Sarah Stod-
dard, 476
" Greenspring," Berkeley's estate,
75, 76, 167
Griffin, ship, 539
Grist mills, spread of, 229
Grosvenor, Gawin, and the Corbins,
127
Grozelier, Leopold, lithographer,
649
Guernsey, Andros governor of, 344
H
Hair, cutting of, 385; wearing of,
394
Halberdiers, in Boston, 491
Half-way Covenant, 376
Hall, Mrs. Clayton Colman, owner
of portrait, 368, 637
Henry Bryan, etcher, 628
Hamilton, Andrew, his life, 249;
his portrait, 251 ; comment
on portrait, 625
Hamy, Rev. A., quoted, 662
Hancock, Simon, mentioned, 175
Hancock family, related to the Lees,
159
Hangman, drives a coach, 76
Hardiman, Hannah, marries Car-
penter, 229
Harding, Samuel, artist, 616
Hardy, Stella Pickett, mentioned, 613
Hargrave, Richard, his daughter,
175
Harlakenden family, 401
Harlakenden, Mabel. See Haynes
Roger, his widow marries Pel-
ham, 511
Harleston, John, 21
Harrington, Mrs. Gilbert H., owner
of portrait, 390, 640, 641
Harrison, Alexander Madena, owner
of Standish portrait, 591
Benjamin, father of Mrs. Blair,
79; his mother, 112
Dr. George, referred to, 92 ;
mentioned, 610
Sarah, marries Dr. Blair, 79;
and William Roscow, 79 ;
her portrait, 80
Susanna, marries Gray, 397
Hart, Charles Henry, referred to, 4
Hartford, Varleth at, 143 ; Dutch
life at, 238
Harvey, John, his widow marries
Gale, 29
Havelock-Allan, Sir Henry Spencer
Moreton, 629
Haven, Samuel Foster, mentioned,
653 ; quoted, 656
Haynes, John, his wife, 401
Mabel, her life, 401 ; her por-
trait, 403 ; comment on
portrait, 641
Head, J. Meyrick, owner of por-
trait, 629
"Healing Question," 492
Heathcote, Caleb, his life, 253 ; his
portrait, 255; comment on
portrait, 625
674
Hebrew lexicon, Thacher's, 487
Hennepin, Father, portrait of, 661
Henrico Parish, Dr. Blair at, 79
Henry, a ship of war, 57
Herbert, Elizabeth, marries Curwin,
371
Herrman, Augustine, his life, 139;
his portrait, 141 ; comment
on portrait, 614
Jannetje, her life, 143 ; her
portrait, 145 ; her sister,
326 ; comment on portrait,
614
Hesse, Jan van, his daughter mar-
ries Colepeper, 123
Hesselius, Gustavus, painter, 4, 9,
136, 614
Heyward, Joseph Ferguson, owns
Broughton portrait, 603
Hibbins, Anne, executed, 456
Higgins, Richard, portrait doubtful, 6
Higginson, Rev. Francis, portrait
said to represent, 504; dis-
cussion of a supposed por-
trait of, 650
Rev. John, portrait discussed,
650
Robert, his daughter marries
Ludwell, 167
Thomas Wentworth, mentioned,
649
Hill, Clement, marries Ann Dar-
nall, 570
Edward, portrait mentioned, 9 ;
deputy for Calvert, 103 ;
his wife, 147
Elizabeth, her life, 147; her
portrait, 149; comment on
portrait, 615
Richard, marries Hannah Lloyd,
281
Hinckley, George Lyman, on the
Clarke portrait, so called,
553
Robert, artist, 640
Hirst, Grove, marries Elizabeth
Sewall, 468
Hobby, William, his daughter mar-
ries Colman, 367
Hodgkins, Roger, executed with
Venner, 496
Hoffman, Martin, alleged portrait
of, 575
Holbrook, Mrs. Levi, quoted, 632
Holcombe, Mrs. John Marshall,
mentioned, 641
Holmes, Francis, his daughter mar-
ries Amory, 340
Oliver Wendell, on Dr. John
Clark, 363
Thomas, fined, 200
Honeyman, Rev. James, portrait
mentioned, 9
Hooker, Rev. Thomas, influences
Peter, 439
Horsemanden, Colonel Warham, his
daughter marries Colonel
Byrd, 91
Houghton Mifflin Company, 619, 630
Hoult, Edmund, his daughter mar-
ries Mather, 419
House-bell. See Downing, 384
Howard, Cecil Hampden Cutts,
owner of portrait, 647
Frances, wife of Downing, 383
Francis, Baron Howard of Ef-
fingham, suppresses print-
ing, 123; his life, 151; his
portrait, 153
Dr. John Clark, 636
Rev. Simeon, mentioned, 636
Howe, Mrs. See Lady Williams
Howorth, George, artist, 639
"Hudibras," 171, 6i6
Hudson, Anne, wife of Lunsford, 171
Ralph, his daughter marries
Leverett, 413
Huguenot church, Charleston, 50, 51
Huguenots, Nordic race, 14; in
South Carolina, 45
Hull, John, his daughter marries
Sewall, 467
Hume, James, related to the Logans,
273
Hutchinson, Anne, Mrs. Dummer
saved by death from, 363 ;
Hugh Peter at her trial,
439; defended by Savage,
463 ; and Vane, 491, 503
Edward, his daughter marries
Wheelwright, 503
Faith, marries Major Savage,
Huybrechts, Ytie, wife of Strijcker,
305
Volume I ends witk page j^6
675
Hyrne, Mary, wife of Thomas
Smith, 6 1
Hyslop, William, marries Mehitable
Stoddard, 476
Illinois, La Salle in, 539
Immigrants to Virginia, 203
Indian crueltj', 29
Indians, trade with, 92; treachery
toward, 95 ; Randolph in-
terested in, 199; treatment
of, 207; language, 208
Irenia, settlement, 265
Irving, Washington, on Stuyvesant,
310
Isham, Colonel Henry, his daughter
marries Randolph, 199
Isle of Dogs, 394
Jackson, William, his history of
Newton referred to, 380;
his History quoted, 638
Jacobs, Epke. See Banta
Jaffrey, George, business with
Amory, 339; his life, 405;
his portrait, 407; comment
on portrait, 642
James, King of England, plot to
restore, 135
Jamestown, Dr. Blair at, 79; own-
ers of, 155; Smith at, 207;
cleaned up, 211
Janssen, Cornelius, painter, 176,618
Roelof, his widow marries Bo-
gardus, 225
Janvrin, George, name used for
Jaffrey, 405
Jaquelin, Edward, his life, 155; his
portrait, 157; comment on
portrait, 615
Jarvis, Melicent, owner of portrait,
644
Jasper, Margaret, wife of Admiral
Penn, 289
Jau, Rev. Francis, portrait men-
tioned, 9
Jeffreys, Herbert, and Lady Berke-
ley. 76
Jenkins, Sir Leoline, portrait of, 2
Jewels, the Moseley, 179
Johnson, Anne, wife of Broughton,
25
Caroline S., mentioned, 655
Henrietta, her portraits dis-
cussed, 4; referred to, 41;
her portrait of Rhett men-
tioned, 58 ; Broughton por-
trait, 603 ; Rhett portrait,
605
Sir Nathaniel, mentioned, 3 ;
his life, 33; his portrait,
35 ; his portrait referred to,
38; comment on portrait,
603, 604
Robert, Broughton's brother-in-
law, 26, 34; sheriff of New-
castle, 33
William, father of Sir Nathan-
iel, 33 ^
Johnston, Lewis, marries Martha
Heathcote, 254
Dr. William, his daughter mar-
ries Keith, 257
Joliet, Louis, seeks the Mississippi,
543
Jones, a rebel, 75
Jonson, Ben, and Randolph, 199
Joutel, Henri, friend of La Salle,
539
Jowles, Carroll's opinion of, 107
Juley, Peter A., photographer, 623,
625, 632, 638, 649
Juxon, Sarah, mother of Byfield, 359
K
Kaye, Robert, his daughter marries
Saltonstall, 459
Keayne, Robert, succeeded by Sav-
age, 463
Keen, Gregory B., mentioned, 630
Keith, George, portrait discussed, 6 ;
his life, 257; his portrait,
259; his followers join
Koster, 265; comment on
portrait, 626
Sir William and Lady, por-
traits mentioned, 9
Kelby, Robert H., mentioned, 17,
626
Kelpius, Johannes, his life, 261 ; his
portrait, 263 ; comment on
portrait, 627
676
Kempe, George, his land, 175, 183
Richard, his widow marries
Lunsford, 171
Kent, Isle of, settled by Claiborne,
103, 119
Kervel, an enemy of Strijcker, 305
Kibblesworth, estate called, 26
Kidd, William, and Bellomont, 233 ;
introduced to Bellomont, 269
Kieft, Wilhelm, drowned, 225 ; and
Bogardus, 226
Kierstede, Surgeon, marries Bogar-
dus's daughter, 226
Kimball, Fiske, mentioned, 631
King, Charles Bird, his portrait of
Coddington, 557
King Philip, campaign against, 463 ;
his lands conquered, 499
King Philip's war, Andros in, 343
Kipling, Yorkshire, 99
Kippax, estate, 83
Kneller, Sir Godfrey, portraits of
Norris, 278 ; mentioned, 628
Knighthood of Leverett, 413
Knollys, Sir Francis, relation to
De la Warr, 211
Rev. Hanserd, his life, 409 ; his
portrait, 411; comment on
portrait, 642
Kooman, engraver, 297, 630
Koster, Henrich Bernhard, his life,
265; his portrait, 267;
comment on portrait, 628
EIress, Isabelle Sparks, owner of
portrait, 623
La Chine, La Salle's estate, 539
Lake, Dr. Lancelot, 3
Laker, Sarah, marries Gale, 29
Landon, Thomas, his daughter mar-
ries Carter, in
Lane, William Coolidge, mentioned,
624
Laneville, Corbin's seat, 127
Langzettel, George Henry, men-
tioned, 637
Largilliere, Nicolas, painter, 596a,
604
Larkham, Thomas, and KJaollys, 409
La Rochelle, relief of, 525
La Salle, Robert, Sieur de, his life,
539; his portrait, 541;
comment on portraits, 661
Rosede, Marquette's mother, 543
Latham, Lewis, portrait mentioned, 8
Laud, William, Archbishop, pro-
posal to send him to Bos-
ton, 439
Laurens, Henry, marries Eleanor
Ball, 21
Lee, Ann, her life, 159; her por-
trait, 161 ; comment on por-
trait, 615
Mrs. Cassius, owner of paint-
ing, 164
John, presents cup to Queen's
College, 163
Mary P., owner of portrait, 615
Maurice du Pont, owner of por-
trait, 72, 609
Richard, his life, 163 ; his por-
trait, 165; comment on
portrait, 615
Sidney, on Sandys, 204
Leeward Islands, governor, 33
Lely, Sir Peter, and Lee portraits,
160; his portrait of John
Page, 191, 192; mentioned,
618, 632, 642
Le Mercier, Rev. Andrew, remem-
bered by Bowdoin, 351
Le Noble, Catherine, her life, 37;
her portrait, 39; comment
on portrait, 604
Henry, signs church conformity
bill, 25; his standing, 37;
his coat of arms, 37
Le Serurier, Elizabeth, her life, 41 ;
her portrait, 43 ; comment
on portrait, 604
James, father oit Mrs. Le Noble,
37; his life, 45; his por-
trait, 47; in business with
Mazyck, 49 ; father of Mrs.
Mazyck, 53; comment on
portrait, 604
James, Jr., of London, 41, 45
Mrs. James, painter, 4
Marianne, her marriage, 49
Leverett, John, his daughter mar-
ries Byfield, 360; his life,
413 ; his portraits, 415 ;
comment on portrait, 642
Liberty of conscience not wanted, 13
Folum* I tnd$ with fagt jjd
677
Library of Colonel Byrd, 92
"Lick the dust," 72
"Light within," 258
Lillie, Mehitable, marries James
Bowdoin, 351
Linnestall, Maria von, marries
Printz, 293
Liquors in New Amsterdam, 309
Lister, Edmund, marries Ann Lee,
159- .163
Little, William, marries Gale's
daughter, 30
William P., owner of portrait,
603
Livingston, Robert, his life, 269 ; his
portrait, 271 ; his daughter
marries Vetch, 333 ; com-
ment on portrait, 628
Lloyd, Mary. See Norris
Thomas, his daughter marries
Norris, 277
Logan, A. Sydney, mentioned, 278 ;
owner of portrait, 628
Albanus C, owner of portrait,
274, 628
James, his opinion of Carpen-
ter, 230; his life, 273; his
portrait, 275 ; his opinion
of Norris, 282; Penn's
agent, 286, 290; comment
on portrait, 628
London's plantation, 385
Lord, Arthur, quoted, 595
"Lost Lady, The," 71
Lowe, Vincent, a daughter marries
Baltimore, 95
Lucken, Alice, wife of John Page,
Ludington, where Marquette died,
544
Ludlow, Roger, and Endecott, 385
Ludwell, Philip, marries Lady Berke-
ley, 71, 75, 76; suspended by
Howard, 151 ; his life, 167;
his portrait, 169; comment
on portrait, 615
Thomas, his opinion of Berke-
ley, 71
"Lump of Love," 397
Lunsford, Sir Thomas, his life, 171 ;
his portraits, 173; comment
on portrait, 616
Luttrell, Colonel, his daughter mar-
ries Adam Winthrop, 529
Lyde, Byfield, heir of Byfield, 360
Lynde, Joseph, marries Adam Win-
throp's widow, 530
M
Macbeth, Donald, 626, 648
Mackinac Island, 543
Madeira wine, effect on old age, 83
Maecht van Enkhuysen, ship, 139
Maine, capture of French settle-
ments in, 389
Manning, Mrs. Daniel, owner of
painting, 270, 628
Man's Chief End to Glorifie God,
348
Map for a manor, 139
Map of Virginia, value, 208
Marie Antoinette, proposed refuge
for, 379
Marquette, Jacques, his life, 543 ;
his portrait, 545 ; comment
on portrait, 661
Marriage by dissenter illegal, 49
Martin, Alice, mother of Thomas
Child, 3
Goditha, daughter of Bray, 88
Maryland, population of, 11 ; a royal
colony, 107 ; Herrman's
map of, 139
Mason, Arthur, painting of children
mentioned, 2
Massachusetts Historical Society,
635-657
Massachusetts under Andros, 343 ;
under Winthrop, 519, 520
Massacre by Indians, 29
Massey, Mrs. M. A. O., owner of
portrait, 144, 614, 631
Masters, Katherine, wife of Child, 3
Matagorda Bay, La Salle at, 540
Mather, Rev. Cotton, describes
Bailey's father, 347; his
advice to Dudley, 360;
opinion of John Colman,
367; on Mrs. Davie, 380;
refers to Knollys, 410; and
Mr. Middlecott, 423 ; favors
Stoughton for office, 483 ;
loves exaggeration, 487; a
friend of AdamWinthrop's,
529 ; describes Cotton, 561 ;
resembles so-called Cotton
portrait, 561 ; on Samuel
Mather portrait, 579 ; men-
tioned, 650
678
Increase, abused by George
Keith, 257
Rev. Nathaniel, his portrait
discussed, 579
Rev. Richard, engraving of, 1 ;
his life, 419; his portrait,
421 ; comment on portrait,
642
Rev. Samuel, alleged portrait
of, 579
Mathewson, Thomas, painter, 557
Mattapony, Baltimore at, 96
Mayo, Mrs. Edward C, owner of
portrait, 200, 614, 618
P. H., owner of portrait, 616
Mazyck, Arthur, owner of portrait,
605
Elizabeth, mentioned, 37
Isaac, marries Marianne Le Se-
rurier, 41 ; his life, 49 ; his
portrait, 51; his vow, 49;
his wife and children, 53 ;
comment on portrait, 604
Marianne, her life, 53 ; her por-
trait, 55 ; comment on por-
trait, 60s
McCrady, Edward, his opinion of
Rhett, 57
McNab, Donald Guthrie, artist, 661
Meade, Bishop, on extravagance,
200
Means, Mrs. James Howard, owner
of portrait, 642
Medical practice in New England,
1638, 363
Medley, , a fifth monarchy
man, 496
Melyen, Jacob, his daughter mar-
ries Sewall, 468
Memminger, Charles Gustavus,
owner of portrait, 605
Mennonite Bible, 553
Menzies, John, 3
Mereness, Newton D., editor, 68
"Meritorious Price of our Redemp-
tion," 451
Mexico, portraits of explorers, 8
Meyer, Johannes, marries Jannetje
Banta, 218
" Microcosmography," 652
Middlecott, Richard, his life, 423 ;
his portrait, 425; a friend
of Mather's, 529 ; comment
on portrait, 643
Middleton, Arthur, advises Amory,
339
Sir Thomas, and the Salton-
stalls, 364
Miller, Dr. Joseph Lyon, portrait
owned by, 132 ; quoted, 612 ;
owner of portrait, 613
Minot, Joseph Grafton, owner of
portrait, 657
Mirick, Mrs. Benjamin, keeps a
tavern, 379
John, father of Mrs. Davie, 379
Missionaries, portraits, 8
Mitchell, Rev. Jonathan, his daugh-
ter marries Sewall, 471
Thomas, artist, 640
Molyn, Cornelis, and Stuyvesant, 309
Monmouth, frigate, 68
Montague, George, owner of por-
trait, 643
Henry Watmough, owner of
portrait, 428, 643, 644
Mrs. Jeffrev, artist, 609
Peter, of Virginia, 427
Richard, his life, 427; his por-
trait, 429; comment on
portrait, 643
Rev. William, owner of por-
trait, 643
Moody, Deborah, Lady, in New
Netherland, 325
Joshua, controversy with Jef-
frey, 406
Moore, Augustine, portrait men-
tioned, 9
Mrs.Bloomfield, buys the Mose-
ley portraits, 175, 617
Edward J., photographer, 612
James, governor, 37
Mordecai, marries Deborah
Lloyd, 281
Morgan, John Pierpont, owner of
portrait, 611
Moriarty, George Andrews, Jr., on
the Moseleys, 184, 188;
mentioned, 617, 618
Morrice, Sir William, distrusts
Endecott, 386
Morris, Lewis, portrait mentioned, 10
Mrs. Roland Sletor, owner of
portrait, 587
679
Volume I emit mth peg* J}6
Morton's "Memorial," quoted, 508
Moseley, Arthur, his life, 175 ; his
portrait, 177; comment on
portrait, 617
Burwell Basset, owner of por-
traits, 175, 184; mentioned,
617
Frederick Strong, owner of por-
trait, 624
Sir Oswald, owns portraits, 175
Susanna, her life, 179 ; her por-
trait, i8i ; comment on por-
trait, 617
William, mentioned, 175 ; his
life, 183; his portrait, 185;
comment on portrait, 617
William, Jr., his life, 187; his
portrait, 189; comment on
portrait, 617
William Dunn, mentioned, 175
Moseley family, face type, 10
Moseley portraits, Mrs. Bruce on,
175; the type of face, 10,
183
Mott, Hopper Striker, quoted, 630
Mount Airy, 128
Moyce, Martha, marries Pike, 443
Mugg, Mrs., portrait referred to, 6
Mulberry Castle, 25, 26
"Murderers," guns, 103
Murray, Colonel John, portrait
mentioned, 9
Mynne, George, his daughter mar-
ries Baltimore, 99
Mytens, Arnold, painting by, 6u
N
Nayler, James, Downing's views on,
384; his punishment, 394
Negroes, education of, 88
Neville, Lady, mentioned, 171, 616
New Amsterdam, life in, 226, 301 ;
art in, 305
Newbury, life in, 363
New England, eminent men, 15;
portraits of, 337
"New England's glory entombed,"
484
"New-Englands True Interest Not
to Lie," 484
New Haven, church at, 375
New Holland, part of Maine so
named, 389
New Jersey, portraits of, 215
Newport, Captain, saves Smith's
life, 207
New York, eminent men, 1 5 ; por-
traits of, 215; religion in,
253
New York. See also New Amster-
dam
Nicholls, Mary, quoted, 435
Nicholson, Francis, supports Bray,
87; deputy for Governor
Howard, 151 ; attacks Nova
Scotia, 334
Nieuhoff, Johan, verses by, 297
Nomadic temperament, influence of,
II, 12
Noodle's Island, owner of, 480
Nordic race, 13
Norris, Isaac, his life, 277; his por-
trait, 279 ; opinion of Mrs.
Penn, 285 ; comment on
portrait, 628
Mary, her life, 281; her por-
trait, 283 ; comment on por-
trait, 629
Northern Neck, Virginia, 75
Nova Scotia, attack on, 1710, 334;
Vetch as governor, 334
o
Gates, Titus, implicates Lord Balti-
more, 95
Office holders in Virginia, 115
Offley, Sarah, and the Moseley
jewels, 187
Old age, rare in Virginia, 83
Oliver, Magdalen, mother of Gov-
ernor V/inslow, 507
Peter, painter, 611
Orchard Farm, Endecott's, 385
Orphans House, Batavia, 297
Osborne, Dorothy (Lady Temple),
related to Pynchon, 451
Osgood, Charles, artist, 654
"Our Saviour's Divine Sermon," 80
Ovid's "Metamorphoses," 204^
Owen, Rev. John, his portrait dis-
cussed, 597
Packet, to England, 367
Paddeshall. See Patteshall
680
Page, Francis, monument to, 191
John, his life, 191 ; his portrait,
193 ; comment on portrait,
618
Mann, his Rosewell, 200
Pagitt's "Heresiography," 648
Paine, Tobias, his wife, 423
Palatine Germans, 14
Palmes family, 536a
Pappoosquaws Point, 359
Park, Lawrence, mentioned, 17, 359,
549, 635, 641, 646
Parkman, Francis, his opinion of
La Salle, 540
Partridge, Rev. Ralph, his daughter
marries Thacher, 487
Passage, cost of, 217
Passe, Simon van de, engraver, 207,
618
Pastorius, Franz Daniel, a friend of
Thomas Lloyd, 281
Patefield family, 536a
Paterson, William, banker, 8, 9
Patterson, Angelica, artist, 648
Patteshall, Martha, portrait of, 2;
portrait discussed, 583 ; por-
trait, 585
Richard, and Davie, 379
Pauper puer, 87
Peabody, Mrs. Robert Swain, men-
tioned, 164, 611, 615
Pearl Street, Boston, 397
Peckatone, Corbin's seat, 127
Pelham, Herbert, his daughter the
wife of JosiahWinslow,sii
Peter, referred to, 561
Sir Thomas, his daughter mar-
ries Howard, 151 ; and
Lunsford, 171
Pelton, Oliver, engraver, 647
Pemberton, Rev. Ebenezer, portrait
mentioned, 9
John, Norris's letter to, 278
Penn, Admiral, opinion of Downing,
383; descendants, 290 note
Granville, gives a portrait, 629
Hannah, her life, 285 ; her por-
trait, 287; marries Penn,
289, 290; comment on por-
trait, 629
William, portrait not of him, 7 ;
friend of Isaac Norris,277;
his wife Hannah, 285; his
life, 289 ; his portrait, 291 ;
comment on portrait, 629
Penn-Gaskell, Percy, owner of por-
trait, 629
Pennant, Thomas, his book men-
tioned, 611
Penney, Norman, mentioned, 6a6,
627
Pennsylvania, portraits of, 215
Pepperrell, Mrs. Margery, her life,
43t; her portrait, 433;
comment on portrait, 644
William, his life, 435; his por-
trait, 437 ; comment on por-
trait, 644
Pepys, Richard, his house, 447
Samuel, and Penn, 289; opin-
ion of Downing, 383, 384;
refers to Vane's death, 492 ;
passes Venner, 496
Pequot, settlement of, 52(5
Percy, George, his life, 195; his
portrait, 197; opinion of
Captain John Smith, 208;
comment on portrait, 618
Perkins, Elizabeth Welles, owner
of portrait, 648
Perne, Richard, his daughter mar-
ries Edward Rawson, 455
Peter, Rev. Hugh, sent to make
peace in New Hampshire,
409; his life, 439; his por-
trait, 441 ; distresses Vane,
491 ; comment on portrait,
644
Petersen, Wilhelm, influence on
Kelpius, 261
Petticoats, too short, 225
Peyster, Frederic de, and Bello-
mont's portrait, 624
Philip, Indian. See King Philip
Philip, a shallop, capture of, 389
Philip, Hoffman, owner of portrait,
575
Phips, Sir William, and witchcraft,
483, 484; invades Canada,
499
Photogravures preferable to half-
tones, 5
Pickett, General George Edward,
his home, 200
Pietists, 261, 262; and Quakers,
261 ; and Koster, 265
Volume I ends -with page ^j6
681
Pigot, Sarah, her daughter marries
Moseley, 175
Pike, Rev. John, refers to the death
of JaflFrey, 406
Joseph, Norris's letter to, 277,
278
Robert, his life, 443 ; his por-
trait, 445 ; comment on
portrait, 644
"Pilgrim's Progress," 159
Pirates, Major Stede Bonnet cap-
tured, 57; Bellomont and,
233 ; in New England, 471
Pitts, James, marries Elizabeth
Bowdoin, 351
Place, Francis, artist, 629
Plockhoy, Peter, colonizer, 297
Plymouth, bigotry at, 507
Pocahontas, granddaughter marries
Colonel Boiling, 83
"Pocahontas and her descendants,"
84
Pollard, Mrs. Anne, her life, 447;
her portrait, 449 ; comment
on portrait, 645
Poplar Hall, 565
Population and portraits, 15, 690
Portland Manor, 569
Port Royal, earthquake, 277
Portage, Hannah, wife of James
Bowdoin, 351
Portraits, lost, 9 ; numbers by races,
14 ; and popul ation, 1 5 ; geo-
graphical ly indicate ability,
15; of Carolina, 19 et seq.;
of Henry H's time, 183; of
middle colonies, 215; not
authenticated, 547 ; com-
ments on, 601-657. See 690
Powls, Lord, Carroll his secretary,
107
Powle, George, engraver, 6x8
Prayer Book, in Indian language,
245 ; hated by fifth mon-
archy men, 496
Prayers, ejaculatory, 375
Preeson, Joseph, his widow marries
Hamilton, 249
Pressey, Charles Park, photographer,
642, 648, 649
Prince Maurice, ship, 329
Princess, The, ship, 325
Printing press in Virginia, 123 ;
suppressed, 151
Printz, Johan, his life, 293 ; his por-
trait, 295 ; comment on
portrait, 630
Prioleau, Elie, mentioned, 8
Samuel, portrait, 8
Prison and pulpit, 16
Profane oaths, 200 ,
Prophecy, to cheer the sick, 500
Puritans, 13
Pynchon, William, his life, 451; his
portrait, 453 ; his business
agent, 533; comment on
portrait, 645
Quaker portraits discussed, 627
Quakers, Keith and, 257 ; and
Pietists, 261, 265 ; and
Governor Stuyvesant, 325;
flogged in Boston, 385;
disturb a service in Boston,
488
Quelch, Captain John, the pirate,
and Colman, 367; his cap-
ture, 471
R
Raborg, H. Mason, owner of por-
trait, 104, 6u
Raddon, W., engraver, 618
Rainborow, William, mentioned,
413, 483; his daughter
marries Stephen Winthrop,
515. 533
Raleigh, Sir Walter, portrait re-
ferred to, 7
Ramsden, John, his daughter mar-
ries a Saltonstall, 459
Randolph, Thomas, poet, 199
William, his life, 199; his por-
trait, 201 ; comment on
portrait, 618
Ranfurly, Earl of, descendant of
Penn, 290
Ravenel, Damaris Elizabeth, her
marriage, 53
Dr. Henrj', owner of portrait,
604
Rene Louis, marries Le Noble's
daughter, 37
Rowena D., owner of portrait,
604
682
Mrs. St JuHen, her "Charles-
ton" referred to, 26; on the
Huguenots, 45
Susanne, her marriage, 53
Rawson, Edward, the recorder, his
life, 455; his portrait, 455;
comment on portrait, 645
Rebecca, portrait mentioned, 2,
645
Rawson's Lane, Boston, 456
Read, Charles, his daughter mar-
ries Logan, 273
Reade, Edmund, his widow marries
Peter, 439 ; his daughter
marries the younger Win-
throp, 525
Redel, Caspar, Herrman's grand-
father, 139
Regicides betrayed by Downing,
383 ; aided in New Eng-
land, 393. See also Goffe
and Whalley
Religion in New York, 253
Remington, C. R., his book men-
tioned, 661
Reter, Lady, 569
Rhett, Claudia S., owns portrait, 58,
605
William, his life, 57; his por-
trait, 59 ; comment on por-
trait, 605
Mrs. William, tries to marry
her daughter to Thomas
Amory, 339
Rhoade, Captain John, his exploits
in Maine, 389
Rhode Island, Herrman an envoy
to, 139
Richardson, Elizabeth, portrait of,
2; her life, 475; her por-
trait, 477
Mrs. Gedney King, owner of
portrait, 397, 641
Hester Dorsey, her book men-
tioned, 104, 610, 611, 615
Richecourt, Dagneau de, mentioned,
662
Richneck, an estate, 75
Ridgway, Henrietta B., owner of
portrait, 646
Ritchie, Alexander Hay, engraver,
625
Roberts, B., painter, 4
Elizabeth, portrait referred to,
2 ; her family, 476
Mrs. Marshall Owen, men-
tioned, 639
Nicholas, his family, 476
Sarah, her family, 475
Robertson, Wyndham, his book re-
ferred to, 84
Robinson, Rev. Charles Henry,
mentioned, 626
Sir Robert, his chaplain, 68
Rodgers, William, his wife the
daughter of Carter, 131
Roe, Mrs. Charles Francis, men-
tioned, 623
Rogers, Rev. John, portrait men-
tioned, 8
John, engraver, 626
Rolfe, Jane, wife of Colonel Boil-
ing, 83
Rolleston Hall, an estate, 176, 183, 187
Roman Catholics, 13, 99
Romancoke, home of Claiborne, 120
Roos, R., artist, 662
Ropemaker, 397
Roscow, William, and Sarah Harri-
son, 79
Rosewell, an estate, 191, 200
Rosschou, Sara de, wife of Steen-
dam, 298
Royal James, pirate ship, 57
Rudman, Andreas, and Bjorck, 221
Rural population, deterioration in, 11
Ruscombe, Penn at, 285, 289
Russell, Mrs. Francis Henry, her
opinion of the Standish
portrait, 591
James, marries Mabel Haynes,
402
Rev. John, aids regicides, 394
Rebecca, wife of Daniel, 536a
Ryan, Thomas Fortune, owner of
portrait, 609
Sabine Hall, 611
Sachse, Julius Friedrich, mentioned,
222, 623, 628; on Koster's
work, 265
Folume I ends vntk page JJ<$
683
St. Domingo, Admiral Penn defeated
there, 508
St. Frangois Xavier, mission of, 544
St. George's cross cut from flag, 386
St. Ignace mission, 543
St. Julien, Jeanne Marie de, her
marriage, 53
Pierre de, husband of Damaris
Le Serurier, 41
St. Marks, in the Bowery, 310
St. Philip's Church, Charleston, 21
St. Quentin, Le Nobles there, 37;
Le Seruriers there, 45
Salisbury, church quarrel at, 443
Saltonstall, Richard Middlecott,
owner of portrait, 424, 646
Sir Richard, his life, 459; his
portrait, 461 ; comment on
portrait, 646
Robert, his aunt, 364
Sandel, Rev. Andreas, his diary, 221
Sanders, Sarah, marries Pike, 443
Sandys, George, his life, 203 ; his
portrait, 205 ; comment on
portrait, 618
Robert, marries Alice Washing-
ton, 203
Sargent, Henry, artist, 650, 652
Saunderson, Fred A., photographer,
643
Savage, James, refers to Thacher,
487; quoted, 645
Thomas, portrait of, 2, 3 ; his
life, 463 ; his portrait, 465 ;
comment on portrait, 646
Sayers, Agnes, marries Bray, 87
Scarbrook, Martha, wife of William
Cary, 155
Scarlet, Captain, blown up, 390
Scarsdale, manor of, 253
Schenckingh, Barbara, marries
Smith, 6i
Schooner rig, 654
Schonstrom, assessor, 221
Schuyler, Johannes, Jr., portrait
mentioned, 9, 5960
Philip, his daughter marries
Livingston, 269
Seaton, estate called, 26
Sedgwick, Sarah, marries Leverett,
413
"Selling of Joseph," 468
Selyns, Mrs. Henricus, mentions her
husband's portrait now lost,
9. 631
Rev. Henricus, mentioned, 241 ;
marries Mrs. Steenwyck,
302
Sep viva Plantation, 229
Sergeant, Thomas Jacob, death of,
195
Serpent at the Synod, 519
Sewall, Henry, his widow marries
Lord Baltimore, 95
Samuel, his walk with Brad-
street, 356; pall-bearer for
Mrs. Pollard, 448; his life,
467; his portrait, 469; his
account of the Richardson
wedding, 475 ; opinion of
Thacher, 488 ; describes
death of Major Walley,
500; and Chambers, 536a;
comment on portrait, 646
Stephen, his life, 471 ; his por-
trait, 473 ; comment on
portrait, 647
Sewel, William, authentic portrait
in his Dutch-English Dic-
tionary, 627
Shadwell churchyard, 155
Shattuck, Mrs. Frederick Cheever,
owner of portrait, 646
Lemuel, quoted, 511
Sheafe, Jacob, his widow marries
Thacher, 487
Sampson, works for JaflFrey, 405
Sheffield, Deliverance, and Hugh
Peter, 439
Shepard, Rev. Thomas, on Mather's
poetry, 420
Sheppard, William L., artist, 615,
619
Sherwood, William, his widow wife
of Jaquelin, 155
Shipbuilding in Virginia, 203
Shippen, Anne, courted by Logan,
273
Edward, portrait doubtful, 7;
alleged portrait of, 587
Shirley, an estate, 147
Shirley, Sir Thomas, his daughter
marries De la Warr, 211
Shorter Catechism, 359; given away
by Byfield, 360
Shrimpton, Elizabeth. See Stoddard
Henry, his daughter marries
Sewall, 468
Samuel, part owner of the
PMlip, 389
684
Samuel, Jr., his family, 475, 476
Sigourney, Andrew W., owner of
portrait, 390, 640, 641
Silk culture, 34; in 1630, 203
Silk Hope plantation, 34
Silver plate, Lee's, 163
Singleton, Esther, mentioned, 302
Sir Thomas Gates, ship, 195
Skinner, Madam, mentioned, 638
Skipwith, Sir Guy, brother-in-law
of Dale, 131
Sir Henry, his children, 131
Slate Roof House, 229, 277, 285
Slavery, condemned by Sewall, 468
Smallpox, book on, 487
Smibert, John, artist, 4, 638, 639
Smith, Alice R. Huger, quoted, 603
Frank Bulkeley, owner of por-
trait, 603
George, his book on Bray, 610
Henry, related to Pynchons, 451
John, of Shooter's Hill, marries
Mary Jaquelin, 155
Captain John, and Percy, 196;
Sandys's opinion of, 203 ;
his life, 207; his portrait,
209; value of his map for
Indian names, 208 ; com-
ment on portrait, 618
Maria Catherine, portrait men-
tioned, 3
Dr. Ralph, his marriage, 135
Robert, ijajor General, mar-
ries Lady Lunsford, 171
Thomas, 2d landgrave, his life,
61 ; his portrait, 63 ; com-
ment on portrait, 605
Major Thomas, artist 1680, 2
Mrs. Thomas Henry, owns por-
trait, 62
Colonel William, his daughter
marries Heathcote, 253
Social conditions shown by por-
traits, 14
Society for the Propagation of the
Gospel, 87, 254, 257
Society for Promoting Christian
Knowledge, 87
Society of the Woman-in-the-Wil-
derness, 261
Soho, charity house there, 41
Soldiers, proportion of, 16
Somerset, Edward, marries Anae
Calvert, 95
Somers, Sir George, portrait men-
tioned, 7; sent to Bermuda,
211
South Carolina, eminent men, 15;
contest between Council
and Assembly, 61
Southern States, pure Nordic, 14
South River, 310
Southward, George, artist, 639
Sparks, Warren T., photographer,
624
Spectral evidence, 467
Spener, Philipp Jakob, influence on
Kelpius, 261
Speyers, Mrs. James Bayard, her
opinion of the Bleecker
portrait, 596^; owner of
portrait, 5961*, 632
"Spiegel der Zelfskcnnis," 246, 625
Spinning school, advocated, 367
Spofford, Ernest, mentioned, 17, 587
Spotswood, Alexander, portrait re-
ferred to, 9
Springett, Sir William, his daugh-
ter marries Penn, 289
Spring Lane, Boston, 447
Sproul, A. E., photographer, 626
Stalcop, Peter, his daughter mar-
ries Bjorck, 221
Stanard, Mrs. Mary Newton, quoted,
163, 617
William Glover, quoted, 17,
609, 610, 612, 614, 616, 618,
619
Standish, Myles, 2d, his wife, 423
Myles, alleged portrait of, 591 ;
the portrait, 593
Winslow, the tin peddler, 591
Steendam, Jacob, his life, 297; his
portrait, 299 ; neighbor of
Strijcker, 305 ; his verses,
310; comment on portrait,
630
Steenwyck, Cornelius, his life, 301 ;
his portrait, 303 ; comment
on portrait, 630
Stegg, Captain Thomas, his daugh-
ter marries Byrd, 91
Steiner, Bernard Christian, 17; his
writings, 88 ; on Lord Bal-
timore, 100
685
Volume I endt witk pag* Jj6
Stenton, an estate, 273
Stephens, Mrs. Frances, marries
Berkeley, 71
Samuel, married Frances Cole-
peper, 75
Stevenson, Hannah E., owner of
portrait, 583
Stewart, Miss A. C, owner of por-
trait, 610
Stith, Anne, marries Colonel Boil-
ing, 83
Rev. William, historian, 199
Stockett, Captain Thomas, Alsop
apprenticed to, 67
Stoddard, David, his family, 475,
. 476
Elizabeth (Richardson), men-
tioned, 2, 5 ; her life, 475 ;
her portrait, 477
Elizabeth (Roberts), her life,
480; her portrait, 482;
comment on portrait, 647
Simeon, his wife, 479
Solomon, portrait mentioned, 9
Stokes, Anson Phelps, on Mrs.
Haynes's portrait, 402
Isaac Newton Phelps, owner of
portrait, 641
Stolle, John, copies Ball portrait,
603, 604
Stone, Sir Robert, related to Andros,
343
Storre, Rev. Thomas, his daughter
marries Wheelwright, 503
Stoughton, William, his life, 483 ;
his portrait, 485; comment
on portrait, 648
Stove, invented by Dr. Clark, 363
Striker, Mrs. Elsworth L., owner of
portrait, 630
Strijcker, Jacob, painter, i ; his life,
305 ; his portrait, 307 ; com-
ment on portrait, 630
Stuart, Jane, artist, her portrait of
Byfield mentioned, 636
William Dugald, 290; owner
of portrait, 629
Stuyvesant, Peter, his sister, 8 ; and
the Varleths, 143 ; his life,
309; his portrait, 311;
arrives, 325 ; comment on
portrait, 631
Robert Van Rensselaer, donor
of portrait, 631
Suffrage in Maryland, 96
Sumner, Increase, mentioned, 647
William Hyslop, donor of por-
trait, 647
Sunday, observance of, 309
Sunmans, William, his portraits
mentioned, 6
Surgery in New England, 363
Surnames, late adoption of, 218
Swanendael, 237
Swedes in America. See Bjorck
Swedes on the Delaware, 293
Swedish portraits, 14
Symmes, Rev. Zechariah, his daugh-
ter marries Savage, 464
Tailer, William, marries Byfield's
daughter, 360
Talbot, Miss, portrait of, referred
to, 566
Tappaan, 237
Tappen, Christopher, owner of por-
trait, 623
Tayloe, Estelle, letter from, 613
Taylor, Mr., marries Le Noble's
daughter, 37
Herbert W., photographer, 648
Temperance in Virginia, 132
Temple, Colonel Sir Thomas, and
the regicides, 376
Thacher, Rev. Thomas, his life,
487; his portrait, 489;
comment on portrait, 648
Thayer, Adele Grainger, owner of
Cotton portrait, 561
John Eliot, owner of Cotton
portrait, 561
Mrs. Nathaniel, rare book
owned by her mentioned,
596* _
Theus, Jeremiah, painter, 4; por-
trait of Ball, 603
Thomas, Allen Clapp, mentioned,
627
Douglas Hamilton, owner of
portrait, 136, 200, 614, 618
Thomson, Pauline S., owner of
portrait, 60';
Thurling, Carroll's opinion of, 107
Thwaites, Reuben Gold, mentioned,
661
Titles, hereditary, 139
Tobacco, opposed by Endecott, 385
686
Tompkins, Hamilton B., discusses
the Coddington portrait,
557
Tonti, Henri de, friend of La Salle,
539
Townsend, Colonel Penn, marries
Hannah Jaffrey, 405
Trades Union in Boston, 495
Treadwell, Nathaniel, mentioned,
640
Treflfry, Charles Ebenezer, owner
of portrait, 644
John, grandfather of Hugh
Peter, 439
Trent, Mr., name used by Hamilton,
249
Trephine, described, 363
Trial, shallop, 471
Trinity Church, New York, 253
Trott, Chief Justice Nicholas, his
daughter, 57
Tuckahoe, an estate, 200
Tucker, John, his daughter marries
Fitzhugh, 135
Tuer, Herbert, painter, 2
Turbeville, Fortesque, his vote pur-
chased, 25
Turkey Island, 199, 200
Tyler, Dr. Lyon Gardiner, referred
to, 76 ; mentioned, 616
Tyndal, Sir John, his daughter
marries Winthrop, 515
Tynte, Governor, appoints school-
house commissioners, 25
u
Underbill, Captain John, aids
Knollys, 409
Underwood, Anthony, his daughter
marries Charles Carroll,
108
Updike, Wilkins, mentioned, 635
Urmstone, John, his opinion of Gale,
29
Van Boelen, Helena, marries Du
Bois, 241
Van Corlear, Mrs., a gossip, 225
Van Dam, Rip, his portrait men-
tioned, 9
Van den Hove, Frederik Hendrik,
engraved the portrait of
Knollys, 410
Van Rensselaer, Jan, his portrait as
a founder or regent of the
orphan asylum at Nykerk
referred to, 8
Jan Baptist, his reputed por-
trait, 596r; comment on re-
puted portrait, S96o
Jeremias, his reputed portrait,
596f; comment on reputed
portrait, 596a
Kiliaen, the first Patroon, men-
tioned, 8
May King, author of a rare
book on theVanRensselaers
of Renssclaerswyck, 596ft
Rev. Nicholas, his widow mar-
ries Robert Livingston, 269
Van Schaick, Goosen Gerrite, his
. daughter marries Freeman,
245
Van Schoenderwoert, Rutger Jacobsz,
comment on reputed por-
trait, 596^
Van Twiller, Director Wouter,
Dominie Bogardus's opin-
ion of, 225
Vane, Sir Henry, his daughter wife
of Pelham, 151; defends
Pynchon's book, 452 ; his
life, 491 ; his portrait, 493 ;
and Anne Hutchinson, 503,
504; upholds Winslow, 508 ;
comment on portrait, 648
Sir Henry Ralph, mentioned,
648
Varleth, Anna Stuyvesant Bayard,
her life, 325; her portrait,
327; comment on portrait,
631
Caspar, father of Mrs. Herr-
man, 143
Jannetje, marries Herrman, 140
Judith, a witch, 143
Maria, her runaway marriage,
143
Nicholas, marries Mrs. Bayard,
326
Veeder, Simon Volckertse, his life,
329; his portrait, 331;
comment on portrait, 631
Volume I ends witk page }j6
687
Veitch, William, father of Colonel
Vetch, 333
Venner, Thomas, his life, 495 ; his
portraits, 497 ; comment on
portrait, 648
"Verdeediging," 246
Vernon, Grenville, owner of por-
trait, 500, 649
Vetch, Samuel, his life, 333 ; his por-
trait, 335 ; comment on por-
trait, 633
Ville, Guilliam, a painter, 553
Vinton, Frederic Porter, artist, 640
Virginia portraits, 15; distress there
in 1607, 195
Visitation families, 13
Visscher, Cornelius, painter, 625
Vivian, Mrs. Ralph, mentioned, 639
Volckertse. See Veeder
Von Schwalenberg, Catherine,
mother of Koster, 265
Voyage to New England, 419
w
Wadsworth, Benjamin, prophecy of,
500
Waldegrave, Thomas, his daughter
the wife of Pelham, 511
Walford, Edward, descendant of
Pepperrell, 436
W^alker, Elizabeth, marries Jaflfrey,
405
Robert, painter, 571, 652
Vi^alley, John, his life, 499 ; his por-
trait, 501 ; comment on por-
trait, 649
Samuel Hurd, owner of por-
trait, 500
Ward, Catharine, marries Herr-
man, 140
George Atkins, mentioned, 637
Washington family, 203
Waters, Thomas Franklin, men-
tioned, 657
Watson, John, artist, 4
Webb, Henry, his daughter marries
Thacher, 487
Webber, Mabel Louise, mentioned,
17, 605
Weeden, William Babcock, on Cod-
dington portrait, 557
"Weegshale de Gerade Godt," 245
Weeks, Laura Field, quoted, 647
Wellford, Carter, owner of portrait,
611
Wemp, Barent, marries Volkie
Veeder, 329
Wendell, Barrett, authorit}' on cos-
tume, 17; his book referred
to concerning spectral evi-
dence, 467, 468 ; quoted, 648
Wensley, Elizabeth Paddy, portrait
mentioned, 2 .
West, Benjamin, mentioned, 249
Elizabeth, marries Saltonstall,
459
Thomas, Lord De la Warr,
leaves Virginia, 195; his
life, 211 ; his portrait, 213;
comment on portrait, 619
Westover, home of Colonel William
Byrd, 91
Wetzler, E., engraver, 603
Whalley, Edward, secreted at New
Haven, 376; and Goffe the
regicide, 393
Wheelwright, Henry Blatchford,
quoted, 651
Rev. John, quarrels with Pike,
443 ; encourages Anne
Hutchinson, 491 ; his life,
503 ; his portrait, 505 ;
comment on portrait, 649
White, John, his widow marries
Curwin, 371
William, his widow marries
Winslow, 507
Whitefield, Rev. George, on Dr.
Blair, 80
Whiting, Rev. John, helps the regi-
cides, 393
William, owner of portrait, 571
Whitmore, William Henry, on
Andros, 344
Whittier, John Greenleaf, quoted,
261
Wig, form, 549, 632 ; bob, 596a
Wight, Isle of, Colepeper governor
of, 123
Wilcox, John Angel James, en-
grayer, 645
Wildman, Linda Frobisher, her aid
in the preparation of this
book referred to, 17
Wilfred, Martha, marries Salton-
stall, 459
Wilkins, Richard, his daughter mar-
ries Bailey, 348
688
William and Man' College, founded,
79 ; committee to build, 92 ;
Carter rector, 11 1; Ran-
dolph a trustee, 199
Williams, Elizabeth, Lady, her will,
147
Roger, portraits doubtful, 7;
and Endecott, 385 ; his
opinion of Stephen Win-
throp, 533 ; frame for his
portrait ordered, 554
Willis, Richard, marries Elizabeth
Carter, iii
Wilmington, Delaware, 221
Wilson, Rev. John, refers to Mrs.
Haynes, 402; his sister
marries David Rawson,
455 ; refuses to have a por-
trait done, 456; alleged
portrait of, 597
Rev. Robert, authority on art, 4,
17; on the Le Nobles, 37;
on Marianne Le Serurier's
marriage, 49 ; quoted, 604
Thomas, LL.D., related to
Pynchon, 451
Wine drinking at funerals, 132
Winslow, Edward, his daughter
marries Curwin, 371 ; his
niece marries Middlecott,
423 ; his life, 507 ; his por-
trait, 509; comment on
portrait, 652
Isaac, donor of portrait, 645,
652
John, his daughter marries
Middlecott, 423
Josiah, his career, 511
Penelope, her life, 511 ; her por-
trait, 513 ; comment on por-
trait, 652
Winsor, Justin, mentioned, 661
Winthrop, Adam, portrait men-
tioned, 8
Adam, donor of portrait, 654,
657
Fitz-John, a friend of Haynes,
402
Frederic, mentioned, 638 ; owner
of portrait, 654, 655
John, his opinion of the Dutch,
226; connection with Stuy-
vesant, 310; his grand-
daughter marries John Cur-
win, 372; related to Down-
ing* 383; aod Endecott,
386 ; defeats Vane, 491 ;
his life, 515; his portrait,
517; comment on portraits,
653-^57; Pequot's opinion
of his portrait, 654
Professor John, mentioned, 655
John, the Younger, his life, S'S'i
his portrait, 527; comment
on portrait, 657
Margaret, mother of Stephen,
533
Mary (Luttrell), wife of Adam,
her life, 529; her portrait,
531; comment on portrait,
657
Robert, mentioned, 638
Mrs. Robert, owner of portrait,
655, 657
Robert Charles, quoted, 654, 657
Stephen, his life, 533; his por-
trait, 535; conunent on
portrait, 657
Thomas Lindall, donor, 654
Thomasine, her death, 516
Wait, and Byfield, 359; quoted,
653
Winthrop family, 653-657
Winyah, barony, 61
Wiskinboo, barony, 61
Witchcraft, Pike defends persons
accused of, 444; Sewall's
part in, 467 ; Stoughton and
Phips concerned with, 483
Witches and the Devil, 13; Judith
Varleth's case, 143
Withered root, 72
Witt, Christopher, translator, 262,
627
Wolcott, Roger, mentioned, 639, 640
Wolley, Elizabeth, wife of Daven-
port, 376
Women, number painted, 16; re-
straint from, as punishment,
394
Wood Yard House, 565
Woods, Dr. Frederick Adams, on
face types, 10; on distribu-
tion of ability, 15
Woodward, Richard, his wife, 53
Volume I enit tvitk page 336
689
„
Wray, Sir Christopher, his daughter Yeamans' Hall, 6i
marries Vane, 492 Yeamans, John, marries Elizabeth
Wright, George Frederick, artist, Shrirapton, 475
642, 657 Youell, Thomas, marries Anne Lee,
Henry J., artist, 629 jcn
Wyat, Sir Francis, sails for Virginia, young, Alexander, quoted, 654
203
Wyllys, Samuel, marries Ruth
Haynes, 402
Wynne, Thomas Hicks, his book „
referred to, 83 ^
•y Zachary, Daniel, marries Elizabeth
^ Lloyd, 281
Yardley, Captain Francis, borrows Zenger, John Peter, printer, 246;
the Moseley jewels, 179 defended by Hamilton, 249
LIMNERS IN NEW YORK
Mr. Bayley has called attention to two limners not before known. Evert
Duyckinck, admitted a freeman 13 December, 1698, and Gerrett Duyckinck,
admitted 3 February, 1698/9.
NOTE TO PAGE 2
Miss Annette Rogers, of Boston, has a painting of three children of
Arthur Mason, biscuit-maker of Boston, dated 1670. The children arc
David, Joanna, and Abigail.
NOTE TO PAGE 15
Changes after this page was printed alter the percentages to the
following:
For the Carolinas 11 or 9% of the total
For Md. and Va. 36 or 29% " " "
For N. Y., N. J., Pa., and Del. 27 or 22% " "
For New England 49 or 40% " " "
NOTE TO PAGES 97 AND 105
James P. Labey, Esq., of New York, has obtained the Raborg portraits
of the Cal verts — including a half length, in a circle, of Charles, 3d Baron,
by Lely, and Leonard here reproduced.
690
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