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14."
Warbard College Librarp =|
FROM
FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH
WRITERS
FRAGMENTS FROM
GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
COLLECTED AND EDITED
WITH BRIEF INTRODUCTIONS AND NOTES
BY
WALLACE NELSON STEARNS, Ph.D.
CHICAGO
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS
1908
we
+ ee,
YARD Ca;
pe eG
=
JUN 21.1918
Ciga,av
-_=a-~
CoPpyEiIcHT 1908 By
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
Published December 1908
Com posed and Printed By
The University of Chicago Press
Chicago, llinois, U. 8. A.
TO
JOSEPH HENRY THAYER
THIS MODEST EFFORT IS INSORIBED, NOT AS A FITTING
TRIBUTE TO HiS WORTH, BUT AS A SLIGHT TOKEN
OF THE LOVE AND APPPRECIATION OF
ONE OF HIS PUPILS
PREFACE
The purpose of this brief collection is to present
in easily accessible form the fragments of a few
Palestinian writers whose literary remains are not
common property.
The text is Heinichen’s, with references to those
of Dindorf and Gaisford. Some authoritative
example had to be adopted, and unfortunately the
series now being prepared by the Berlin Academy
is not sufficiently. advanced to render service at
this time. For the same reason recourse is had to
Klotz’s edition of Clement. Departures from
these texts are recorded in the notes except in the
matter of punctuation, where the texts of Dindorf
and Gaisford are often followed, the punctuation
of Heinichen seeming unnecessarily heavy.
The brief chapters which follow explain them-
selves and the character of the helps used is suffi-
ciently indicated in the notes. No effort has been
made to be exhaustive; only what seemed neces-
sary for clearness has been given. The problem
throughout has been one of exclusion.
I wish to express my appreciation of the kind-
ness of the publishers, whose skill and painstaking
care have rendered invaluable service.
Vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
Br LIOGRAP HY e ® e e e e ° ° ° ® ® ® ® 1
INTRODUCTION . ... «+ + © «© © © @ 6 3
CHRONOLOGICAL TaBLE oF AuTHORS . . . facing 10
EUSEBIUS AND THE PRAEPARATIO EVANGELICA .. 10
Text, INtropucTIoNns, aND NOTES:
T,.:ISTORY.“3. a Go al ok we Se ew we w TB
Demetrius, 17
Eupolemus, 29
Artapanus, 42
Aristeas, 57
Malchus, 60
Thallus, 62
Anonymous, 67
II. PottosopHy. .......-...«e 46
Aristobulus, 77
III. Porrry ......+ «6 «6 «© « « « 98
Philo, 95
Theodotus, 100
Ezekiel, 106
ix
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Christ, Wilhelm = Geschichte der griechischen Littera-
tur bis auf die Zeit Justinians. 4th ed. Munich,
1905,
Clement of Alexandria= Stromata. See Klotz.
Cohn, Leopold, and Wendland, Paul= Philonis Alew-
andrini opera quae supersunt, 5 vols. Published
Berlin, 1896-.
Eusebius: See Heinichen, and Gifford.
Gaisford, Thomas=Husebii Pamphili evangelicae
praeparationis libri xv. 4 vols. Oxford, 1843.
Gifford, E, H.= Husebiit Pamphili evangelicae prae-
parationis libriwv. Eng.trans. 2 vols. Oxford,
1903.
Heinichen, Frederick Adolphus= Eusebii Pamphili
praeparationis evangelicae libri xv. 2 vols. Leipzig,
1842-48, Also Historiae ecclesiasticae libri x, and
Vita Constantini et panegyricus. 3 vols. Leip-
zig, 1868-70.
Klotz, Reinhold = Titi Flavi Clementis Alexandrini
operum omnium, ete. 4 vols. Leipzig, 1831-34.
Krumbacher, Karl= Geschichte der byzantinischen
Litteratur von Justinian bis zum Ende des ostriém-
ischen Reiches. 2ded. Munich, 1897,
Miller, Karl=Fragmenta historicorum graecorum.
Vol. III. Paris, 1883,
Niese, Benedict = Flavii Josephi opera. 6 vols. and
index. Berlin, 1887-94.
Schiirer, Emil= Geschichte des jiidischen Volkes im
Zeitalter Jesu Christi. 3d and 4th eds, 8 vols.
Leipzig, 1898-1907. Eng. trans. of Ist ed. New
York, 1891.
1
2 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAEOCO-JEWISH WRITERS
Susemihl, Franz = Geschichte der griechischen Littera-
tur in der Alexandrinerzeit. 2 vols. Leipzig,
1891-92.
Swete, Henry Barclay = The Old Testament in Greek
according to the Septuagint. 2d ed. 4 vols.
Cambridge, 1896-1901.
Vigerus, Franciscus, societatis Jesu presbyter = Notae
in libros Eusebii de praeparatione evangelica.
With translation into Latin. See Gaisford.
Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, U. v.= Die griechische Lit-
teratur u. Sprache. Berlin u. Leipzig, 1907.
Seer oe.) ee eee . eee, «<a eee
INTRODUCTION
In passing directly from the great classical
authors to the writings of the New Testament, the
student is liable to misconception. Losing sight
“4 of the great interval between these two remote
W periods, he either makes too free use of the mate-
rial from the earlier writers as illustrative of the
later, or regards the New Testament as something
altogether unique.
Between the classical period and the Christian
era lie centuries of literary development and lin-
guistic change. Authors, secular and sacred, are
| to be interpreted, as far as possible, in the light of
' contemporary literature. Then will biblical writers
take their places, not as anomalies, but as members
min a historical series.
Further, to abide by the sianidavis of ancient
Greek and disregard the large body of Graeco-
Jewish writers—both the translators from other
tongues and first-hand authors—is to increase the
possibilities of error.
Recent critical work on the Septuagint has
added infinitely to exegetical facilities, and the
recent finds in Egypt have further extended our
iW? critical apparatus.
{\ To the above must be added the considerable
i list of writers who, oriental in spirit and manner
3
4 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
of thinking, yet found their expression through
the medium of their universal tongue. Those ;
whose collected works have survived need no |
mention here. The purpose of the present work
is to gather up from the early Christian literature /
scattered fragments of writers otherwise forgotten. |
The triumph of Macedon made a_ profound
impression on the ancient world. Extending from |
the Adriatic to the Hyphasis and from the Jaxar-
tes to Ethiopia, Macedon surpassed all earlier |
empires in extent and power. Outward forms |
perished with the founder, but more enduring |
than these were the silent forces set in motion —
which gradually permeated all classes and peoples, —
Wherever Alexander passed with his armies there |
followed Greek colonists. The result was a com- |
promise. The Greek triumphed but he became.
in a measure a captive of the civilization in which.
he was placed.
The mingling of Greek and native elements
produced somewhat different results in different
parts of the empire.’ Thus while Polybius, and —
Plutarch two and a half centuries later, reflects
the current Greek as it was used in Greece and
Asia Minor, a different type appeared where Greek
1Droysen, Gesch. d. Hellenismos, IV, pp. 298 ff.; Mahaffy, Prog-
ress of Hellenism in Alexander's Empire; Niese, Geach. d. griechi-
achen u. makedonischen Staaten, I, pp. 186 ff., 199 ff.; Deissmann, in
Herzog, Realencyklopddie!, VII, pp. 629 ff.; Schtrer, II, pp. 18 ff. ;
Jebb, in Vincent and Dixon, Handbook to Modern Greek, Appendix.
INTRODUOTION 5
and oriental met and blended, as in Syria and
gypt, though probably there were not such dia-
ectic differences as would prevent a resident of
“ane country from intelligently reading the litera-
mre of another. That the diffusion of Greek did
bt root out native tongues is apparent from the
f@casional cropping-out of the native vernacular.’
The name usually given to these Graeco-orien-
ial dialects is Hellenistic Greek.’ In its larger
jose the term applies to the results obtained by
nding Greek and native elements and dates
m the Diadochi. Even in Greece changes were
ping on, though there have ever been scholars,
ce Diogenes of Halicarnassus and Lucian, who
e stood for the revival of the ancient tongue.
it linguistic changes are born of the people: the
NY Fie! expert is little more than a penne in-
i ence.
jy Zearning and letters were quite seneceally dif-
d throughout the empire. Even from the
polis beyond the Jordan there came Melea-
om”, Menippus, and, later, Philodemus, and Theo-
orus the tutor of Tiberius.’ Then as ever, how-
~
ae he erg
anne. ae ee em Sao
— = rey -
i 1Ctesias (Photius, Bibl., lxxii, pp. 106 ff.), Ac., 2,9; 14, 6.
2In its narrower sense restricted to the literature produced by
k-speaking Jewish populations. Cf. J. H. Moulton, Grammar-
if iis oleg., chap. ii; Schfirer, III, pp. 345 ff.; Swete, Introd. to the O. T.
itGreek, chap. iv.; Niese, Gesch. d. gr. u. acl Staaten, III, pp. 220 ff.
‘hhaffy, Greek Life and Thought, p. 111; Wilamowitz-Moellendorff,
Stechische u. lateinische Literatur u. Sprache, 2d ed., pp. 83 ff.
8Strabo, xvii, 2, 29; Schfirer, II, pp. 31 ff., esp. pp. 40ff.; Smith,
Literature, pp. 388 ff.
i Geography of the Holy Land, pp. 607 ff.; Murray, Ancient
6 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITE!
ever, men sought the great centers of lif
scholars grouped themselves about academic
such as Athens, Pergamum, and Alexandria.
Among these cities Alexandria was easily
giving its name, indeed, to the history and lite:
of the period. The city was well situated to be
a metropolis. Located on the coast, adjace
the Canopic branch of the Nile, with two exc
harbors and roadsteads protected from the
swells of the sea, Alexandria became a have
all navies.’ Cyrene, Crete, and Cyprus were
equidistant from Alexandria, and the mark
the world were easily accessible. Throug_
emporium passed all nations and classes.
the grain of Egypt found a market, and here
tered the markets of the country, and in a me
of the world. Here the munificence of the F
mies was lavished in splendid architecture, |
ries, and museums. Here gathered many o
finest scholars of the period, as Callimachus, /
lonius, and Theocritus, and their presence
parted to the spot almost supernatural ch
Alexandria sums up the Hellenism of the
centuries before Christ.’
Under Attalus I (241-197 B. o.) and his
Pergamum became a center of learning. Sch
1The spot wae a favorite haunt for pirates before it became
ter for civilized life: Strabo, xvii, 1,6; Mahaffy, History of
p. 256, map; Greek Life and Thought, chap. ix; Odyssey, iv, 35
2Christ, Gesch. d. griechischen Literatur, pp. 512 ff.; Mahaf
tory of Egypt, pp. 60ff.; Pliny, N. H,, xiii, 21; Dionysius de
cho, i.
INTRODUOTION q
yusied themselves with the natural sciences and
vith grammatical and exegetical studies, but
Pergamum did not produce an Aristarchus or
in Eratosthenes.
‘ Athens continued to be a literary center. There
las no commerce. Loss of political freedom
Fs put an end to political ambitions. There
ere left the traditions of an old university town.
Hither resorted scholars who maintained in a
jneasure the literary prestige of the city. Menander
Mates that he declined an invitation from the
iigning Ptolemy to remove to Alexandria.’
| Under Antigonus Gonatas (277-239 B. ©.) of
facedonia Pella became a home for poets and phi-
bsophers. Here lived Aratus and Alexander
Aetolus. The Stoics Zeno and Persaius found
1ere.a welcome.
Other notable cities were Antioch on the Oron-
8, Rhodes, the adopted home of Apollonius
Rhodius, and Tarsus, later the home of the apostle
Paul.
- Palestine felt the impulse to literary activity.
the Dispersion scattered Jews to all parts of the
known world, thousands of them settling in Egypt,
t in the wake of Alexander and later attracted
the munificence of the Ptolemies.’? Living in
‘ foreign country, these Alexandrian Jews, and
1 Alciphron, Letters, ii, 8.
12 Josephus, Antt., XIV, vii, 2: atry 8 eis racay médAw én Kal wapeAn-
Whey cai rémov ovK gore pasiws evpety ris oixovupevyns. Cf. Mahaffy, Greek
) and Thought, chap. xxi.
\
8 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITE
especially their descendants, became less a1
familiar with the language of their fath«
Even the sacred books gradually became st
A translation was necessary, and under
patronage became a fact. The Septuagint
from ca. 275 to ca, 150 8. 0." But in Pa
itself literature lived. By ca. 100 B. o. th
Testament canon was closed, but the Greek
was a literary era. Men wrote chronicles, his
sketches, poetry, and moral dissertations.
of these books were included in the cano
Esther, Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Eccles
A number of them were not accorded canc
and have come down in a separate collection,
historical books of Maccabees; the Wisdom
Ecclesiasticus; and less pretentious efforts of
Judith, Wisdom of Solomon, and brief appe
to various canonical books.’
Prophecy gradually died out, and in its
rose the apocalyptic writers. Of these last a m
of works are yet extant: Daniel, and Psal
Solomon. A number of writings of this clas
from the Christian era (as Assumption of }
Secrets of Enoch, Baruch, IV Ezra, XII
archs).°
The closing years of the pre-Christia
marked on epoch of triumphant Hellenis
1Swete, Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek, chap.
21 Mace, 4:46; 9:27; 14:41; Mathews, Messianic Hope in
Testament, pp. 22 f.; Schtirer, ITI, pp. 139 #f., 167 ff,
§Schtirer, ITI, pp. 136 ff.
Here
Arel
Apoll
5 entinus
| Symmachus
uetonios, H
Hippolytus
Origen
Plotinus, P
, Rhet.
ravels, Topogr.
lsua, X
egesippus, H Hesychius (1)
Porphyry, Ph
. 1)
Lactantius
Eusebius, H
100
rarer, GJV.3, ITI, p. 444).
|
INTRODUCTION 9
Palestine. Herod the Great (87-4 B. 0.) gave
full play to his Grecizing tendencies. “World
culture” could not wholly break down the barrier
of Jewish religion, nevertheless Judaism did not
escape the touch of Hellas. It was not, however,
a literary period. It was in more material forms
that Herod’s tastes found expression—as in archi-
tecture, administration, coinage; theaters, gym-
nasia, inns, public baths; trades and industry;
music and games. There must come another
régime, a new factor must enter in before the voice
of Judaism, for a time silent, should once more
find expression.
The accompanying table shows the relative dis-
Betbution of literary activity over the general
weriod of the writers included in the present
assay, The several names appear in each instance
# about the date of the writer's floruit. Although
tiny of them achieved note in more than one
thd of scholarship, only one line of authorship
noted in each case: in a few instances—e. g.,
Christian writers—such designation is not
‘or the sake of conciseness the following sym-
S appear:
G=Grammarian; Ge=Geographer; P=Poet; Ph=
\losopher; M = Mathematician; H = Historian.
Jewish writers—small caps; Christian writers — black-
2d type; Greek non-Christian writers—italics; Latin
a-Christian writers— plain type; Opponents of Christi-
ty marked— X
)
EUSEBIUS AND THE PRAEPARATIO
EVANGELICA
Eusebius (A. D. ca. 265 to ca. 340) was a pupil
of the Caesarean scholar Pamphilus whom he
succeeded as bishop of that see; a friend and a
biographer of the emperor Constantine; and the
greatest of the early church historians.
He was a voluminous writer, historical, biograph-
ical, doctrinal, exegetical, and apologetic. In his
time Christianity found some doughty antagonists,
and against these Kusebius put up a stubborn
defense.
Best known of all his apologetic writings, ar’
scarcely less so than his Church History, are tly
Preparation for the Gospel and the Demonstr¢
tion of the Gospel, which two treatises really fo
a comprehensive whole. The former work, in
teen books, has come down to us entire; of
latter, in twenty books, only the first ten and
extract from the fifteenth are extant.
The Praeparatio really constitutes an introd
tion to the Demonstratio, the former seeking
show forth the wisdom of the Christians in tra:
ferring their allegiance from the Greek philosor
and their religion to the Hebrew Scriptures;
latter showing from the Hebrew Scriptures the
selves that the Christians could not stop even wf
10
ne
THE PRAEPARATIO EVANGELIOA 11
but must adopt a different form of worship
manner of life. The former has been styled
pology against the Greeks, the latter against
Hebrews.
1e introduction to the fifteenth book of the
»paratio gives the author’s summary of his own
We give so much as pertains to the Prae-
wtio itself:
.the beginning of the Praeparatio Evangelica we
taken special pains in explanation and defense of
epudiation of them, to set forth clearly the diverse
vain speculations of all gentile folk concerning their
. Which defense we have conducted judiciously
with discrimination, inquiring into the myths of
» peoples touching the persons of the gods. Indeed
uccessors of their theologians and poets have held
1ese very stories to ridicule.
1d not only so, we have investigated their pompous
inexpressible attempts at natural science'—specu-
os transferred, forsooth, to heavenly realms and re-
1corners of the universe. All this I have treated in
irst three books, It would not have been at all to
point, however, in this treatise to enter upon any
ynal discussions of the theologians themselves.
must be noted that for the most part their earliest
logians, possessed of no knowledge save as history
xd them, rested their statements on the myths only.
mce, as might be expected, there have been trans-
2d in all cities and villages mysteries and initiatory
And these ceremonies agree with the tales about
‘he early thinkers of the Greeks are styled physiologers rather
scientists. Their aim was to determine from which of the ele-
ithe world proceeded. See Erdmann, Geschichte der Philosophie,
12 FBAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
the ancient gods because they follow the mythical nar-
ratives of these earlier writers. So that even at the
present day, agreeably with the traditions of the ancients,
there are accepted stories of divine marriages and pro-
creations, wailings and drunken carousals of the gods;
the wanderings of some, the amours of others. Some of
the divinities indulge in wild orgies; others experience
all manner of vicissitudes and incidents. And all this
the people, as I said, practice in conformity with the |
hymns and odes composed about the gods. I have,
further, shown up from these same prolific sources, the
declarations of the physiologers, the ribaldries of the
sophists, and the garrulous statements of the philoso-
phers.
In books four to six I have aired the story about the
reputed oracles and the falsehoods told about their being
decreed by fate. And this have I done, not relying on
my own authority but in the course of my refutation
making use of the “ipsissima verba” of the Greek
philosophers.
Passing thence to the Hebrew oracles, I have pre-
sented with equal fulness as the preceding, the argu-
ments underlying their teaching on things divine; given
some idea of their historic significance; and cited the
testimony of the Greeks thereto. I have followed ol
with an exposé of the Greeks’ method of procedure, ho
they have profited on every point from the “ barbarians,
and how they provide of themselves no worthy branch
of learning. I have further made a comparison of the
two peoples for the period comprising the Greek oracle
and the Hebrew prophets.
In the next three books I have considered the view
of the leading Greek philosophers as to the worth 8
the Hebrew scholars, quoting in evidence the exact
language of the men cited. And what is more,
EE
THE PRAEPARATIO EVANGELICA 18
included those of the Greek philosophers who are less
known among us and even among their own country-
men, even such as well-known writers have not included
in their treatises. To these more obscure ones I have
devoted the fourteenth book of the Praeparatio.
Through the entire discussion I have maintained a
standard of judgment free from bias and petty preju-
dices, and in act and action, as the saying is, I have
attested my definite purpose. It has been my aim by
wise and well-balanced discussions to reach the conclu-
sion of accepting the true and equally ancient philos-
ophy of the Hebrews by comparing: it with and proving
its superiority over that of the Greeks. Which very
result was reached by the digest of the opinions of the
Greek scholars and writers.!
The Praeparatio reveals a marvelous acquaint-
ance with classical authors, of whom some would
have been unknown except for Eusebius. From
Plato alone, it is computed, he cites twenty-one
works and from the Laws alone he makes more than
fifty quotations.” Like Clement of Alexandria,
Kusebius provides a rich quarry for the classicists,
Scaliger speaking of the Praeparatio as ‘‘divini
; commentarii,’’ and Cave styling it “opus perfecte
nobilissimum.”
The passages that concern our present task occur
chiefly in the ninth book of the Praeparatio.
Most of the passages considered in this volume
elate to incidents in Israel’s history, but in a few
instances appears Eusebius’ purpose to show the
Yr
i!
1 Praeparatio Evangelica, xv, 1-7.
2See the Praeparatio.
14 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
prior claims of the Hebrews to credit for the sev-
eral branches of learning. Thus, from Eupolemus
we learn that the alphabet originated in Israel and
passed thence via Phoenicia to Greece. Likewise
the Babylonians learned magic from one of the
progenitors of the Hebrew people. And Aristo-
bulus traces in Plato dependence upon Hebrew
legislation.’
1See Lightfoot, in Smith and Wace’s Dictionary of Christian Biog-
raphy, II, pp. 329 ff.; Harnack, Chronologie, II, pp. 106-27, esp. 119 f.;
McGiffert, Nicene Fathers, I, pp. 32 ff.
I. HISTORY
DEMETRIUS
That the literary activity of Demetrius fell in
the reign of Ptolemy IV, B.c. 222-205, seems
evident from a fragment preserved by Clement of
Alexandria.’
The Graeco-Jewish character of Demetrius’
writings shows in his labored and punctilious
chronology.’ Surviving fragments of his book, [eps
tav év th “lovdaia Baotddwr,® are concerned with
the history of Jacob,‘ the descent of Zipporah, wife
of Moses, from Abraham and Keturah,’ the waters
of Marah,’ and the chronology from the captivity
to the reign of Ptolemy IV. Unfortunately such
1Str., I, xxi, 141: ag’ od 52 ai dudai ai Séxa ex Sapapeias aixpadrwror
yeyovacw éws IroAdepatov rerdprov éry wevtaxdara eBSouyxovTa tpia pnvas
evvda, ad’ od 8@ é€ ‘lepowoAvpwy Eryn tptaxdc.a TpidxovTa OKTH MHVaS Tpets.
I. e., 573-338 = 235 years. But 721 (Samaria fell)-586 (Jerusalem fell)=
135 years.
Many conjectures have been made here, for Clement’s figures are
clearly wrong. The most likely place for error to creep is in the initial
syllables of tpraxdova tpidxovra, Changing tpidxovra to éfjxovra, we
have 586—368=218 (B.0.), which brings us in the reign of Ptolemy IV,
721—573=148 ; 218—148=70, the traditional length of the exile.
Omit éBdou7n0rrTa, the remaining difficulty, and we have 721—503 =
586 —368=218. ,
A similarly hopeless tangle occurs in Jos., B. J., VI, iv,8 The
Jewish writers were not skilful chronologers.
2Josephus (Ag. Apion, i, 23) wrongly confounds him with Deme-
trius of Phalerum in Attica, who, coming under the displeasure of his
subjects, withdrew to Alexandria where he lived about twenty years.
Ptolemy II exiled him toa province of upper Egypt where he died,
B. ©., 282, a suicide.
8 Clement, I, xxi, 141.
_*Eusebius, IX, xxi. 5 Jbid., IX, xxix, 1-3. 6 Ibid., IX, xxix, 15.
17
18 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
quotations as are extant have been worked over so
that the excerpts have less interest except
historically.
Sources: Eusebius, ix, 21, 29; Clement, i, 21, 141.
Rererences: Schiirer, III, pp. 349 ff; Susemihl, II,
pp. 646 f.; Christ, p. 668; Miller, III, p. 214.
FRAGMENT 1
Jacob, fleeing Esau’s wrath, goes to Haran
where he marries the daughters of his uncle
Laban. He returns to Canaan with all his posses-
sions and dwells there. Driven by famine, Israel
goes down into Egypt whither his son Joseph has
preceded him. Genealogy down to Moses.
Anuntpies now tov "laxwB yevopevov érav éP-
Sounxovra mévte huyeiv eis Xappay tHs Mecorro-
taulas, aoctaXevTa v6 TAY yovewy ba THY TpOs
Tov adergov xpudiav éxOpav ’Hoad, dua To evNOY|-
5 oat avtoy tratépa Soxovvta elvat tov Hoad, «al
Sirws AaGBy éxeiPev yuvaina. adopynoas ovv Tov
"lax@P eis Xappav tis Mecorrorauias, Tov wéev tra-
Tépa xataditrovta "loaax érav éxaToy TpLaxovta
érta, autor 6é dvta érav éBdounKorvta érta, Sia-
10 Tphpavtra ovv avtov éxet émra érn AaBav tov
pentp@ov dvo Ouyarépas yas, Aclay Kal ‘Paynar,
dvra éray aySonKkovTa tTeccapwv: Kal yevéoOar
éy érta éreow dAdo avT@ Taidia LB > oydem pev
érex unui Sexatw ‘PouvBiv: Kai to éra 5é TQ évar@
15 envi aydd@ Lupewv: Kal to eter SE TO Sexat@
pnut erp Aeviv ro b€ évdexdte@ Erer, unvi TeTapTa,
20
25
30
35
40
45
DEMETRIUS 19
"Tovdav. ‘Paynr te pr therovoay Cnra@oar tH
aderdiy, cat rapaxoipica, te laxwB thy éavTis
mavdtoxny Lerpav, To avt@ ypdvy @ xal BaddXav
ovrraBeiv rov NepOarelp, ro évdexat@ éra, pnvi
TéuTT@, Kal Texely TO OwdexaTe éreL, unvl SevTép~
uiov, dv wo Aelas Tad dvopacOjvar: Kal é« rhs
AUTHS TOU avTovd étous Kal pnvds Swoexdrov Erepov
texeiy, dv Kal avTov mpocayopevOnvat wird Aetas
"Aonp. Kab Aciav radu aytt Trav wndrwov pavdpa-
ydpou & ‘PouvBly eiceveyxety trapa ‘Paynr, ovAXa-
Beivy év yaorpl, cal t@ ad’T@ ypdv@ THY TaLdi-
oxny artis LZerdav, to Swdexare éret, unvd tplre,
Kal Texeiy Tov avTov étous pnvos SwoexaTou vidV
kal dvopa ait@ Oécba. “locayap. Kal mardw
Aeiav T@ tpioxaidecdt@ ere, pnvi Sexdt@, viov
aAXov texety, @ Gvopa ZaBovrov, kai thy avTny
T@ Teco apecxaoendty ere, pnvl oyddq@, Texely viov
dvona Adv. évy @ kal ‘Paynr rAaBeiv ev yaotpl
TO avT@ ypdve, @ Kal Aciav Texeiv Ovyatépa Aeivar,
Kal Texeiy T@ TecoapecKaoenaTe@ eres pnvi dydd@
viov, by dvopacOjvar "Iwond, Sorte yeyovdvar év
Tos érra erect Tots mapa AdBav dadexa traidla.
Oérovta 5€ tov "laxwmB ampos tov tratépa eis
Xavadv amidvar, a€iwbévra bro AdBav adda érn
ef petvat, ore TA TravTa avTov peivar év Xappav
mapa AdBav érn elixoot. tropevonevp dé avT@
eis Xavadv adyyerov tov Oeod tradXedoa, Kal
dxpacOat rod mratous Tov pnpod Tod "laxw{£, Tov
d€ vapxnoavra éemioxalev: b0ev ov‘ écbierOa
TOV KTNVOV TO ev ToIsS npots vedpov. Kal davar
20 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAEOCO-JEWISH WRITERS
ait@ Tov dyyeXov amd rovde pnkért "laxaf,
arr’ ‘"IopanrX ovopacOncecOar, Kat érGel
avrov THs Xavaay yijs eis érépay médkuy Tixipor,
50 é€yovrTa tmaidia “PovSly érav 18 pnvev Sdvoip,
Lupeava eTav va’ pnvav tecodpwv, Aeviv éTav
déca unvev &&, lovéav érav 0’ unvadv oxrwm, Ned-
Oarelu érav oxtm pnvov déka, Tad éera@v oxto
pnvev déka, "Aonp érav oxtw, ‘looaydp érav
5 oxtTwm, ZaBovrtoyv érav érra pnvav dvoiv, Aelvav
érav €& unveav tecodpar, locnd érav && pnvaev
Tecocdpwyv. maponnoa dé lopanr rapa “Ewpop
érn Séxa, kal POaphvar tiv "Iopanrd Ovyarepa
Aeivay id Suyeu tod "Eupap viod, érav ovear
ao SexacE pnvav teccapov. é£adrXomevous Sé Tous
"Iopayr viods, Sumedva perv dvra érov elxoon évos
Hnvav tecoapwyv, Aeviv 88 érdv elxoot pnvav eE,
arroxreivas Tév Te’ Eupmp cai Svyep Tov viv avrod
Kat TavrTas Tos apoevas dia tHv Acivas POopav-
as "laxw 8é rére elvac érav éxarov Erd. €dAOovtTa
8’ ob avrév eis Aovta ris Babir, dbavar Tov Oedv
pnnett "laxwB8, adr’ *"Iopanr dvopatecOar. éxei-
Bev dé erbeiv eis Xadpaba, évOev raparyevérOa eis
"Edpada, tv elvat ByOreeu, Kat yervaoat abrov
70 éxed Bemaplv, cal teNeutjoa ‘Payyar, texodaav Tov
Benaplv, cupBidcar 8 abry rov "laxwB érn etxoat
tpia. avtdbev Sé éXOciv tov "laxwB eis MauBpl
Tis XeBpav mpos "load« tov warépa. elvar dé rote
"loch érav Sexaerra, kal mpabivat adtov cis Ate
15 yurror, cal ev To Seapwrnpiw peivat érn Sexatpia,
bor’ elvas adtov éray tpidxovra, lax@B 88 éray
DEMETRIUS 21
éxatov Séca, dv & al teXeuTioas Tov “loade ere
évl gumpooGer, érav dvta éxatov oySonxovra. Kpi-
vavra 5€ t@ Baowrel tov "lwond ta évvTrma apEat
so Adyurrrou érn era, év ols Kal ovvoixjnoa. ’ Aceve,
Tlevrepph tov “HrsovrdXews tepéws Ovyarpl, Kal
yevvnoat Mavacony nal ’Edpatp, cal rod ALpov
ériyevéec0ar étn B. tov 5é *lwond arn évvda
evTUYnoavTa pos Tov Tratépa py Téprpat, dia TO
85 TroLméeva auTev Te Kal Tos adeAors Elva Errovei-
ducrov dé Aiyurrlos elvar 7d rrowpalvev. Sri Sé
dua TovTo ovK érreprpev adtov Sednrwoxdvar. éAOdv-
TWY yap avTov TOY avyyevav, hava avrois, éav
KrAnOeow bd Tob Bactrdéws nal épwravrat ti dia-
90 WpdooovTat, Aéyew KTNVoTpdpous avTors elvat. d.a-
mopetaOa Se, dia th rote 6 lwonid Benaply ert
Tov aplorov mevratiaciova peplda edwxe, [2
duvapevov avrov rocadta KaTavad@cat Kpéa. TovTo
ovy avrov Tretroinxévat Oia To ex THS Acias To TaTpl
95 AUTO yeyovdvar viovs éemra, ex Sé “Paynr TAS un-
Tpos avroy dvo- d:a Tovro to Bewaply révre
pepldas trapabetvat cal adrov AaBelv S00 + yevéoOat
ovy eta, doas Kal Tors éx THS Aetas viors AaBeiv.
woavTas dé kai él Tov Tas atords Sobdvar éxdor@
100 SurAas, to O& Bewaply wévte nal tpiaxoclovs
“pucods, Kal T@ TraTpt € GrrocTEetAaL KaTa TaUTA
@orTe Tov olxoy avrod THS wnTpos elvas ivov. olKn-
coat Sé avtovs év yy Xavaay, ad’ ob éxreyHvae
"ABpadu ex trav €Ovav xal pererbeiy eis Xavady,
16 "ABpadp érav eixoaot trévre, loadk érav éEnnovra,
"laxoB éray éxarov tpidcovra ylvecOar Ta TravrTa
22 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
érn ev yn Xavady aid. xalrt@ tplrp eres Aspov
ovans ev Alyurrre, éAOeiv eis Aiyutrrov rov laxof,
évta érav éxaTov tpidxovra, ‘PouBiy éray pé,
110 Lupew@va érav wd’, Aevly érav py’, "lovdav érév
uB pnvav tpidv, "Aohp érav mw pnvev oxro,
Ned@anreip érav pa’ pnvav C, Tad érav wa’ pnvev
y’, ZaBovrwv érav pw’, Acivay érav XO’, Bemaply
érav xn. tov € "Iwand dyow yevéoOar év Ai-
115 yurT@ érn AO’. elvar dé ard ToD Addap ws roid
eloenOeiv eis Alyurrroy Tors Tod "lwahh curyryeves
ém™ yxxd. ato 6€ Tov Kataxducpod Ews Tis
"lax@B trapovoias ets Aiyurrrov érn ark - ad’ ob
dé éxAeyjvar "ABpadp éx trav cOvav cai érOeiv ex
10 Xappav eis Xavadv Ews ets Alyutrrov rods srepl
"laxm@B édNOeciv érn cre. “TlaxwB dé é« Xappav
mpos AdBav érGeiv érav Gvta 7’, Kal yevvnca
Aeviv: Aeviv dé év Alyiarrt@ éemiyevéeobae érn
uf’, ad’ of éx Xavadv avrov érGeiv eis Aiyurrroy,
15 WoTe elvat avrov érav &, Kal yevvnoar Krad,
TerxeuTicat “laxwB ev Alyirt@, evroynoavra
tors "Iwan viols, dvra érav put, Katadsrdvta
Ilwond érav ve’. Aeviv dé yevduevov érav pr
redeuTAoat, KrA8 b€ dvra éra@y pw’ yervicat’ Appap
130 6v éra@v etvar 8 ev @ TerevTHTa “lwond dv A
yurr@ évra pi érav: Krad bé yevopevoy éra
ExaTov Ay TereuTHoa. ‘Ampau AaReEiv yuvai
THY TOU Oelov Ouyatépa "lwyaBer, Kat dvta éva
TaY o€ yevrvncar Aapov kal Mwonv: yevvioas
1385 Mwonv tov "Aupap dvta érav on, Kat yevouev
"Aupapm érav prs” TeXeuTACAL. —Evs., ix, 21
DEMETRIUS 23
2. Xappdv: Demetrius has confounded two incidents
here; the flight to Haran (Gen., chap. 29) to escape from
Esau, and the migration to Egypt (Gen. 46:27).
8. da .... mpds: because of the secret personal
enmity of his brother Esau.
4. Gen., chap. 28, &a ro cid... . Kat Grws KTA. 2...
cause and purpose depending on dmocra\era; GGr.,
1365, 8; BMT., 197.
8. Isaac died at the age of 180 years; Gen. 35:28
(185, Jos., Antt., I, xxii); he lived until Jacob’s return
from Haran (Gen. 35:27), but died soon after; Jos.,
Antt., I, xxii; Jacob was in Haran 20 years (Gen. 31:38).
Dates and ages in the patriarchal period are at best con-
jectural.
9. érév: GGr., 1085".
10. He has confounded his sources; cf. Gen. 31:38.
18. (8; cf. Gen. 32:22; Benjamin was born in
Canaan, Gen. 35:18, Jos., Antt., i, xxi, 3. Cf. Il. 109 ff.
below.
19. Bda\Aay: see LXX, Gen. 35:21; Bilhah, Gen.
QB. nr... érovs: GGr., 1136.
25. Gen. 30:14.
26. So Gaisford. Heinichen—PayiA- cvrAd\aBeiv xai
rHv madiokyy LeApay TO aire xpovy.
86. See 9 above.
42. Cf. Gen. 32:31 ff.; Jos., Anitt., I, xx, 2.
48. wadXctou: Dindorf and Gaisford here read,
waXdaioat.
48. ‘IopayA: this term appears in the Old Testament
(1) as the name of an individual, Gen. 32:28; 43:8 ff.;
(2) the name of an entire people, Judg. 18:1; I Kings,
chap. 4, and often; (3) the Northern Kingdom; cf.
I Kings 14:19, and often.
60. Gen., chap. 34: Demetrius shares with the later
Jewish historians generally the characteristic punctili-
24 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
ousness in details. Cf. here on the priestly document in
the Hexateuch, Driver, Introduction to the Literature
of the Old Testament’, p. 130.
66. Aovla rijs BabA: Gen. 35:6, LXX, 7 éorew BauiyA.
Demetrius has mistaken the second name as that of a
district in which Luz was situated.
67. He has Gen. 35:10 in mind here.
68. Xappafd: The translation of the Torah was natu-
rally very literal. Often the translators translated and
also transliterated; cf. LXX,I Sam.6:8: é& @guart Be
pexOav, where the Hebrew TANS is first translated and
then transliterated.
72. MayBpi: Mamre was Hebron; Gen. 35:27, where
LXX reads airy éoriy XeBpav.
78. The writer’s perspective is a little vague, though
he uses different sources (85:28 from P,37:2-11 from E—
two of the great documents underlying the Hexateuch),
81. Gen. 41:45, 50; 46:20; Jos., Antt., II, vi,1. LXX
identifies this priest with the Potiphar who purchased
Joseph, Gen. 39:1, Ieredpfs; so also the Testament of
Joseph, § 18: xat Ovyarépa kupiwv pov édaBov eis yuvaika.
82. Kal rov Aypwod, Krr. GGr. 1136; but see Gen, 41:19,
Jos., Antt., IT, vi, 1.
87. dreupev: GMT., 689".
SS. dav, «rA.: GMT. 689, GGr., 1497, BMT., 351.
90. duarropeio Gar: i. e., Demetrius.
92. swevramAaciova: Gen. 43:34. J os., Antt., IT, vi, 6,
says double, durAaciouw: polpas. emit. dpiarov: “ the meal
was at noon” (Gen. 43:25), or in the evening, Jos,
Antt., I], vi, 7, éwi devrvov.
95. Demetrius attempts to harmonize: to Benjamia
he assigns the fivefold portion of Old Testament, fa
Joseph the double given to Benjamin by Josephus.
Fanciful interpretation follows. 60: Heinichen @ d
Gaisford here read péay, but note, “sensus et dodo
postulat évo.” So Vigerus marg.
DEMETRIUS 25
99 f. Gen. 45:21 ff.
101. Another embellishment, Gen. 45:21, silver, trace-
able to LXX which reads: xpugots for Ded.
ravrd, i.e., in the same proportion.
125. Gen., chap. 48: see Driver in Hastings, Bzbl.
Dictionary, II, p. 532, col 2.
125. KAaO: Kohath, I Chron. 6:1.
FRAGMENT 2
Moses, after the death of the Egyptian, fled to
Midian and there married Zipporah, a descendant
of Abraham and Keturah.
Anpntpios Sé mepl tis avaipésews Tod Aiyv-
mrlov kat THs Siahopas TAS Tmpos TOV UNnvicayTa
Tov TeXEUTHOAYTA opolws T@ THY lepav BiBXrov
ypawavtt iordpnoe. uyeiy wévrouye TOV Moy
5 eis Madiay.xal cvvoixjoa exe? tp loddp Ouvyarpt
Lerpopa, nv elvar, doa otoyalecOar aro trav
ovoydreav, tav yevoudvov ex Xerrovpas, tov
"ABpadp yédvous, é« tod “TeCav rod yevoudvou
_"ABpadp é« Xerrovpas: éx dé rod "TeCav yevécOar
1 Aaday, é 5é Aaddv ‘Payounr, é« dé ‘Payounr
"loO6p wat ’ABaP, éx Sé tod "lodop Lerdapay, jv
yjpat Moony. Kal ras yeveds d¢ cupdwveiy: tov
yap Moony elvar ard ’ABpadp EBdopor, ryv Se
LSerpopav Exrnv, auvoikodvtos yap On Tod
5 Ioadn, ad’ ob Macy evar, yjuat “ABpadp thy
Xerrovpay ovra érav pp, Kal yevvnoat "Ioadp é&
aurhs Sevtepov- rov Oé "loadk, dvra érav éxarov,
yevvijca, @ote pS érav torepoyv yeyovdvat Tov
"Ioadp, ad’ of tiv Lerdwpay yeyevearoyjoba.
26 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAEOCO-JEWISH WRITERS
20 ovdey ody avTitiirre, TOV Moony nal rhv Lergdawpav
KaTa TOUS avTOS yeyovdvar ypsvous. KaToKeiy O
avtots Madiap wed, Av aro évos Tov "ABpadp
maldev d6vopacOjva. dyno yap rov’ABpadp rows
matoas pos avaroAds él xatoiav wépyar Sia
25 Touro O¢ Kal ’Aapay cat Mapzap eirrety év "Aonpob
Moony AiOtorrida yipat yuvaixa.
—Evos., ix, 29
1. +. Atyumriov: cf. Exod. 2:11 ff.
10. ‘PayouyA, xrA.: The chronology here is confused.
The Old Testament gives two traditions:
(J) Reuel (E) Jethro (Reuel)
Hobab (Jethro)
Zipporah = Moses Hobab Zipporah= Moses
On the former cf. Num. 10:29; Judg. 1:16, 4:11. On
Exod. 2:18, where LXXA reads ‘Iofép for Reuel, see
Driver, Introduction to the Literature of the Old
Testament, p. 22. On the latter cf. Exod. 3:1; 4:18,
For explanation of the double name, Jethro-Reuel, see
Jos., Antt., II, xii, 1. For Jewish legend see Jewish
Encycl.,1X,p.48. Demetrius follows the former chronol-
ogy, Josephus the latter (Antt., III, iii, 1; V, ii, 3).
11. “ABéB: Hobab here erroneously made a brother
of Jethro, see above. Similarly Num. 10:29 should
probably be translated Hobab ben Reuel.
18. €8douov: An error, for Demetrius’ own statement
reads:
Sarah = Abraham = Keturah
veene Jokshan
(Jacob) oh an
(The Twelve) Reuel
(Amram) gee ro
Moses | Zipporah
DEMETRIUS 27
Text should read &rov; cf. yéveas—dungdurdy above;
also Il. 23 f.
28. dyouacOnva: cf. Jos., Anit., IT, xi, 1.
25. "Acnpw6—Assyria. LXX: eis ynv dvaroAGy. For
Assyria LXX reads *Aggovp, Gen. 10:11. Ai@orida—
yvuvaixa, cf. Jos., Antt., IT, x, 2.
FRAGMENT 3
The bitter waters (of Marah) became sweet
when (Moses) at the divine command cast therein
a bit of wood. Twelve springs and a palm grove
were found at Elim.
"ExetOev HAGov yudpas tpeis, ws autos te 6 An-
BHTPLOS Adyar, Kal cuppaovas TovTH 7 iepa BLBXos.
pn éyovta 5é Ddwp exet yAvKv, AAAA TriKpov, TO
Beod eitrdvros, EvVAov Te éuBareiv eis THY THyND,
5 Kal yevérOar yruKd To Ddwp. éxeiBev Sé eis "EXeiu
EAGetv Kal eipety excel Swdexa péev Trnyas vdaTor,
éEBSopunnovra Sé areréyn powixwv.
—Kwvs., ix, 29
2. This story is given in Exod. 15:22 ff.
FRAGMENT 4
The tribes of Judah, Benjamin, and Levi were
carried into captivity, not by Sennacherib, but by
Nebuchadrezzar.
Anprrpios 8 pnow ev r@ Tept tev ev TH "lovdala
Baciréwv rnv lotéa duAnv cad Beviapety cal Aevt
py atyparwticOjvas vird TOU Levaynpelu, ad’
elvat aro THS aiypadwolas TabTns Els THY EoYaTHY
28 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
5 hy erroinaato NaBovyodovdcop é€& ‘lepovcorAvpa
érn éxatoy elxoat oxT@ phvas é€.
—Cueq., i, 21, 141
8. Sevaxnpe(y: king of Assyria, B. o. 705-681. Th
fall of Samaria was actually consummated in the reig
of Sargon II, s. o. 722-705.
5. Nebuchadrezzar: king of Babylon, B. 0. 605-56
6. érn, xrX.: i.e., from the fall of Samaria, sB. o. 721
to the first captivity of Jerusalem, 3. o. 596, in fac
125 years.
EUPOLEMUS
Eupolemus, of whom we know but little, lived
in the reign of Demetrius I of Syria, B. o. 162-
150.’ He may be the Eupalemus on the embassy
sent by Judas Maccabaeus to Rome, B. o. 143, to
secure a league with that power.’ He was probably
a Jew.’ His work on the kings in Judea (Ilepi
tav év TH lovdala Baciéwv),* more readable than
that of Demetrius, is marked by considerable
additions to the biblical narrative. Eupolemus
delights to show the superiority of Hebrew wisdom
over that of Greece.
Sources: Eusebius, ix, 17, 26 (cf. Clement, i, 23, 153),
30-34 (cf. Clement, i, 21, 130), 39.
Rererenoges: Schiirer, III, pp. 351 ff.; Susemihl, II,
p. 648; Christ, p. 668; Miller, III, pp. 221 ff.
FRAGMENT 1
Moses was the first wise man; he was the first
to teach the Jews the use of an alphabet; from them
the Phoenicians learned it, later transmitting it to
the Greeks.
1Clement, i, 21, 158: axpt rod méurrov érovs Anunrpiov,
2I Macc. 8:17: nai éméAcker "lovdas roy EvrdAepov vidy ‘Iwavvov,
3EKusebius, H. £., VI, xiii, 7, Praep. Hv., ix, 42; Jerome, De viris
éllustribus, 388; Josephus, Ag. Apion, i, 23.
4Clement, i, 28, 153,
29
380 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
Evardnreuos S€ dnot tov Maohy mrparov codov
yeverOat, kal ypappara trapadodvat Trois lovdaiots
mpa@tov, tapa 5 lovdaiwy Dolucas waparaBPeiv,
"EdAnvas Sé rapa Dowlewv, vdpous re wpetov
5 ypavrat Moony trois lovdalots.
—Kos., ix, 26 (= Crem., i, 23, 153)
1. Mwojv: Clement, Muvo7.
2. ypappara: Clem., ypapparuny (sc. réxvyy).
4f. Omit Clem., véuovs . . . . "Iovdatas. Not the least
interesting feature of Hellenism was the blending of
occidental and oriental ideas. It was not merely a con-
tact of schools of thought but of widely different bents
of mind. In the case of the latter there was a religious
tendency, while the former showed a speculative turn.
A shining example of the former is Plutarch, a. p. 50-120;
of the latter are Aristobulus, B. o. ca. 160, and Philo,
B. 0. 25—-a. D. 39++. Aristobulus (acc. to Eus., vii, 14, 15;
xiii, 12): def yap Aap Raver THv Oeiay hwviv od pyTov Adyov,
dAX’ épywv KaTarKevas, xabws Kal dua THs vonoberins Hpiv
eT THV yéverw TOU Kécpov Beov Adyous ecipyxev 6 Mwoygs.
. Soxovore O€ por eprerpyag wevor médvra, KaTHKOAOVO nKévat
rourw IvOaydpas re kai Zwxparns cot TAdrwv, xrX.
FRAGMENT 2
After being governed for a time by prophets
Israel has a king. David extends the kingdom,
establishes friendly relations, builds an altar; and
is succeeded by his son Solomon.
Evmdveuos 5€ dnow év tut wept ris “Hdtv
mpopnteias, Mwonv mpodntedoa érn pw: elta
"Inooby rov rod Navf vidv, érn XN Bidca & avtor
EUPOLEMUS 31
érn pt, wheal Te THY iepav oxnvny év Xnrol. pera
5 6€ TavTa wpodyrny yevéoOa, Tapounr. elra ty
tov Jeo BovAnce: vrrd LapovnrA TaovAov Baoiréa
aipeOnva, apEavta 5é érn Ka’ redevTHoa. celta
AaBid rov rovrou viov duvactetoat, bv Katactpe-
yracOat Xvpous, rovs mapa tov Evdparny oixody-
10 TaS TrotTapov, Kal tTHv Kopupaynvny cal tors év
Tarabdnvy ’Acovpious cat Dolvuxas. otpatedoa
8 avtov Kal émi "[doupaious cal ’Appavitas Kat
MoaBiras nal ’Irovpatous nai Nafaraious kal
NaPéalous, avis Sé ériotparedoa él Lovpwva
15 Baoidéa Tupov cai Dowlens, ods nal avayxaca
dédpous *lovdalois trroredciv: ampos te Ovadpny
tov Aiyurrriwv Baoiréa diriav cvv0écbar. Bov-
Aopevdy Te Tov AaBld oixodopjnoar (epoy TO Dew
af.oiv tov Ocdv térrov ait@ Sei~ar tod Ovotac-
20 Tnplov' év0a bn ayyedov avt@ ofOjvat, éorata
émdve Tov Té1rou, oF Tov Bapov idpicbar év ‘lepo-
TOAUMOLS, Kal KEXEVELY AUTOV 7 LOpdaOaL TO LEpdr,
dia 70 aipart avOpwrrive trepipOa Kal Trodda ern
metrokeuncevat. elvar & ait@ dvopa Aravabav:
25 WpooTaeat TE AVT@ TOUTOV, Grrws TH vig emiTpeyy
Thy oixodoplay, avrov 5é evtperifey Ta mpos THY
KaTacKeviy avnxovtTa, ypuciov, apyipiov, YadKor,
AlOous, EUNa Kvtrapicowa Kal Kédpiva. aKovoavTa
dé rov AaBtd wrota vavrrnyjnoacba ev ’Airdvois
so wdre THS “ApaBias, nal méuryyar peradXevTas eis
thy Ovpd7 vic ov, xetwévny év ty épvOpa Oaracon,
HéradrXa ypuoixd Eyoucay: Kal Td ypualov Exel-
Gev petaxoploa rovs petadrXeuTAas eis THV lovdalay,
32 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
Bactdebcavra bé rov AaBléd érn w Ehosmeras
% ViG THY apy Tapadovvar, Svre ery 1B", ev
"Hye? rot dpxrepéns kal Tov if een |
Tapadovvar avT@ Tov Te ypudoV Kal dpyupov Ke mah
xahene cat (ov cal Eira kvrapicowa kal Kédpwa.
eal airov pev redeurioat, Zonopdina 88 Baas debe
40 kal yparyrat mpos Ovadphy tov Aiydérrou Bao =
THY UTroyeypammevny eTioTOAHDY. id, ix, © 30
2. xpopyretou: not prophecy in the sense of predi
tion; rather leadership, which in Israel implied spi vit tu ‘i ay
as well as martial qualities. y
The aa N°) was primarily a spokesman;
Exod. 7:1. So in Judg., chap. 5, Deborah is styled a
prophetess, It is this word which is predominatingly
translated in LXX xpodyjrns. For the function of the
seer, presager, Hebrew uses DOP, LXX has p av redu
Cf. I Sam. 28:8; 6;2 LXX. Soalso the New Testament,
Acts 16:16. The prophet spoke for God and interp we ted,
his will. On his ability to do this depended his fitness
for leadership. '
4. pi:=110 years; Josh. 24:29.
Ynrot: cf. Josh. 18:1 ff. LXX here has Snrs (
SnAwp). Various spellings occur both in the He on
and in LXX. >
6. BovAnoe: so the early Judaean narrative I §
9:15 ff. The Ephramite account dwells on the stubbo:
will of the people, e. g., 8:7 ff., 10:19 ff., where the p
phetic party opposes the plan.
8. rovrov viov: David was a son-in-law of Saul by
marriage with Michal. évvacretoa: David was the fi
to establish a dynasty.
9. mapa: “up and down the Euphrates river.”
Syrian kingdom centered about Damascus. The Com
EUPOLEMUS 38
magenes dwelt between the Taurus range and the
Euphrates river; in early times they were included in
Syria. Gilead lay east of Jordan.
10. rovs....Tad.: the article and adjectival phrase
limit both *Acovpiovs and ®oivxas. Eupolemus is de-
scribing the mixed populations of his own day rather
than the peoples of David’s time before Assyria was
known to Israel or its influence had penetrated to the
Jordanic countries.
12 f. These peoples skirt the Jordan valley on the
south and east. The Nabataeans once held lands east
of Moab but later removed to the east of the Sinaitic
peninsula; in Old Testament, Nebaioth, Gen. 25:13.
14, émotparetoa: to make war upon. This explains
the success of Solomon (ef. Fragment 4); Hiram as a
tribute-paying prince had but one choice, viz., to comply
with Solomon’s demands, This is one of Eupolemus’
embellishments. Hiram’s overtures seem to have been
those of a neighboring ruler to a powerful king, IT Sam.
5:11; I Chron, 14:1; so also the relations of Hiram with
Solomon, I Kings 5:6 ff., 9:10 ff.; ef. I Kings 10:22;
II Chron. 8:17 ff.
16. Cf. Fragment 3.
19. agotv = postulare, “to have asked God to show
him a place for the altar.” On the tense see GMT.,
667°.
20. Cf. IIT Sam. 24:15 ff., where the site is determined
by the staying of the plague.
21 ff, Cf. I Chron, 28:3.
21. Given in I Chron. 22:6; 28:6. According to II
Sam. 7:6; so also Josephus. Nathan delivered the
message to David. This may give a clue to the obscure
line 24, eva .... Awvafav. Emending the text to
read fyua da Nafdv, the meaning is clear. A scribal
error combining the preposition with the substantive
84 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
prepared the way for changing pjya to dvoya, for gram-
matically pyye is a verb.
25. Grws émitpéy: the sequence here is that of Hel-
lenistic Greek, BMT., 200, rather than of classical
usage, GMT., 355.
28. dxovcavra: “on hearing,” i. e., Nathan’s message.
David accepted the terms and hastened to fulfil his
part.
29. év "Aiddvos (Heinichen, *Axdvos): situated at the
northern extremity of the Aelanitic Gulf. Arabic, Eloth.
eis and éy from the same original word évs, GGr., § 1208,
gradually approximated in meaning, not by the loss of
the distinction but by increasing license in their use,
Buttm., Grammar of New Testament Greek, 287.
81. Otpdy: probably Ophir, the location of which
is still in dispute. With the preceding cf. II Chron.
8:17 ff.
85. 8: this datum is not from biblical sources but
from the rabbis. But cf. Jos., Antt., VIII, vii, 8:
“reigned eighty years, and lived ninety-four.” “Hy¢ci:
Eupolemus is in error here; Abiathar must have been
highpriest. Eli was succeeded by Ahitub, Ahijah
(I Sam. 14:3), Ahimelech (I Sam. 21:7), Abiathar (I Sam.
23:6; 30:7)in the order given. With the last named the
line of Ithamar, of which Eli was the first, came to an
end (I Kings 2:27).
Aaron
Bleazar Ithamar
Phinehas
Eli
Ahitub
Ahijah
Ahimelech
Abiathar
the next, Zadok, is descended from Eleazar.
EUPOLEMUS 35
FRAGMENT 3
Solomon, building his temple, sends to Egypt
for workmen. King Vaphres complies with the
request.
Bacirevs LZoropov Ovadpyn Bacirei
Aiytrrou dir@ taTpix®@ xalpeuv.
Tivwoké pe trapernddra thy Bactrelay Tapa
AaBié rod trarpés 81a rod Oeod rod peyiorou Kal
5 EMLTETAYXOTOS OL OiKodouHoaL tepoyv T@ Deg, bs Tov
ovpavov Kal thy yhy éxticev’ Gua bé cor ypayra,
arooteiAal wo. THY Tapa cov AawY, of TapacTy-
a 3 , \
covrat woe wéypt TOU éemiTeddoat Travta KaTa THY
xpetav, xabdre émitéraxtat,
10 Bactreds Ovadpis LZoropav BacireEt
beyadrA@ yalpev.
"Apa T@ avayvavar THY Tapa Gov émiaTOAH?,
ogpddpa éyapny, cal Aapmpav hucpav nyayov, éyo
te kal 9 Svvayis pov aca, érl T@ TaperAndpevar
15 oe TY Bacirelay Tapa xpynoTod avopos Kal dedo-
4 e \ 7 o \ \ ?
Kiuacpévov wird THALKovTOU Deod. epl dé av
ypades po. mrepl Tov Kata Tots Naous Tovs Trap’
ea > , , Ul 3 \ e
Hui, awéoTadKa oor pupiddas oKT@, OV Kal Ta
wANOn €& dv eior, Siacecadynkda cou éx pév TOD
20 LeBpiOlrov vouovd pupious, ex dé tod Mevdnoiov
kal LeRevyntov ducpuplovs, Bovorpirov, Acovto-
monrltov Kat "AOpiBitov ava pupiovs. ppdvticov
5é kal ta déovtra avtrois Kal Ta adda Srrws EvTAKTH,
ty 2 aA > \ 207 e A > XN
Kad lva arroxatacrabaouy eis THY idiav, @S av ard
25 THS Xpelas yevouevys. —Evs., ix, 31, f.
36 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAEOCO-JEWISH WRITERS
Clem. Alex. (i, 21, 180) certifies to this corre-
spondence.
1. Otadpy: Apries (Hophra, Jer. 44:30), 588-69, was
a contemporary of Zedekiah, king of Judah. He is here
confounded with Sheshonk I (945-924), contemporary
of Solomon (cf. I Kings 11:40), whose daughter Sol-
omon married (I Kings 3:1). This does not necessarily
imply vassalage on the part of Solomon as Breasted
assumes, History of Egypt, p.529. Cf. Jos., Anét#., VIII,
ii, 7; Herod., ii, 161; Diod. Sic., i, 168.
2. xaipav: “greeting.” Cf. Acts 23:26; Jas. 1:1, and
often.
8. yivwoxé pe: i. e., “I beg to inform you” (GMT,,
915°).
7. Aaov: GGr., 1091.
8. péxpe tr. reAcoa: “until all things are finished,”
GMT., 800; Gr., 1546; HA., 959; BMT., 406.
14. Svvayus: cf. ITI Macc. 6:16: 6 Bacrets ov rots
Onpios Kai ravti ro THs Suvdpews pvdypare xara Tov treo
Spouov rapiyev, here used of the royal retinue; in our
passage, an army of workmen.
18. Cf. the numbers in I Kings 5:13 ff.; IT Chron.
2:17 ff.; Jos., Anét., VITI, ii, 9.
19 ff. On the government of the empire at this time
see Breasted, History of Egypt, pp. 528 ff.
22. dpovrisov, xrr.: “Provide for their needs and
otherwise care for them; (see to it) that they obey;
and (see to it) that they be returned to their own
country.” 6érws.... wa: GGr., 13872; HA., 885; BMT.,
205.
24. ws dv: “since they have come to you because of
your need,” i. e., to meet your need. See Soph., Lez.,
8. U., ws, 1.
25. yevouevys: yevouevor, SO Vigerus, marg., and Hei-
nichen, note.
EUPOLEMUS 87
FRAGMENT 4
To Suron of Tyre Solomon announces his acces-
sion and his purpose to build a temple.
Baciret’s Loronpav Lovpwwu re PBaciret
Tvpov nal Yiedavos nal Dowlens Piro
TWATPLK@ yYalpeuv.
Tivwond pe rapernddta tHv Bacidelayv Tapa
5 AaBié rod ratpés da rod Beod tod peylorou, émi-
TeTAYSTOS OL OiKOdopHaaL Lepdv T@ Dew, bs Tdv ov-
pavov kal thy yqv extricer dpa dé Kai ool yparrat,
arooTeiNal or THY Tapa cov AawY, of cUpTTapa-
OTHTOVTAL Hiv péypt TOD émiTendoat THY TOD Beod
10 xpelav, Kadri pou émitéraxtrat. yéypada 8é cal
eis THV TadiAalav cal Lapapirw cal MoaPitw
kal ’Apavirw kal Taradirw, yopnyeicOar avrois
Ta déovra éx THS Ywpas KaTa pHVva, Képous olrov
puptous: 6 b€ Kdpos éorly apraBav &&- Kal oivov
15 Kdpous pupious’ 6 Se Kdpos Tov olvouv éotl pwérpa
déxa. 7d 6 EXatoy nal Ta Addra YopnynOnoerat
avrois éx THs “lovdaias, tepeta Se eis xpewharylav
ex THS “ApaBias. —Evs., ix, 33
The correspondence in this and the following sections
is based on the Old Testament narrative, I Kings 5:1 ff.;
II Chron. 2:3 ff. Cf. Jos., Antt., VIII, ii. The letters
in the preceding section are built up from these. Cf.
the orations in Thucydides.
1. Sovpwu: Jos., Elpwuos; LXX, Xeapdp, Hiram, whose
reign overlapped those of David and Solomon. Cf. Jos.,
Anit., VIII, ii, 6-9. Hdt., vii, 98, gives the form Sipwpos,
and even in the Old Testament and Josephus the vocali-
“. ee 1 ET aes, cat, * oe oes — = Sets
ae ee even ee ATE FT The ==
= eh ond _ _— * 227 wwe = = ma = Sz 2
—— —e wee
- fe. = -~_ 8
-— aie - _ °?
Soe veD Pir Lis rlermecieoom mi
- =
- >
= \
4=™ nue | B.vE.)
Serves ites is 7 ~ |e. -— gece
bem ics; i eae iitoett) yom oe yon
A a a ae a ee
SCYAGE Fy time. O25. FIs AT) Sew Or, coer
OAL‘. TES Dir.é.s7 TEM De de ypabs
We, MES, Whe EWS “US BIS TIS Ta wee
égraind Fo: Trem: 62. Bi 087 eT acs pupil
VA OU SNTERTULE To. ATETTANCA Cero, Tops
be pyres, Noveatas. €e tis SUVS TS Mad, is
liv hy asrray CpuThTYs TOL UTG TOY Glpapoy rays
WUE Uy LTEKTOVIAY, von ynoEerat CoO Kai Fours
neh U6 ToV CLOVTOV Kal ATOOTEANOLEVOY coe T
EUPOLEMUS 39
Sav, Kaas Toinces émiotelNas ToS KATA TéTrOV
15 érdpxols, Srrws yopnyhrat ta Séovra.
—Eus., ix, 34
15. drws ....: “that the necessary expenses may be
defrayed,” BMT., 197.
FRAGMENT 6
Jeremiah, sent to prophesy to the people, is cast
into prison. The king of the Babylonians, hearing
of the prophecy, stirs up war, storms and loots
Jerusalem.
a
’"Enrl rovrous Kal ris ‘lepeuiou mpodnrelas rod
Tlovvioropos pynunv tremroinpeévov, Has atrocw-
Tihcat TavTnY Wavtwv dv ein TapadoywTaTov. Kel-
a8 rolvuv Kal adrn.
5 Eira ’lwvayeip: él rovtov mpodnrtevoar lepe-
play Tov mpopyrnv. Tovroy vir6 Tod Oeod atrocta-
Agra Katarafeiv. trovs *Jovdaious Puvcralovtas
elO@AW YpUT@, @ elvat Gvoua BdaXr. Todtov Se
avrois THY wéAXOVeaY atuylav Syr@ca. Tov &e
10 Iwvayely Covra avrov émiBaréoba Kkataxadoat:
tov dé davat trois EvAos TovTos BaBurAwvios
oporroinoey Kal oxaryew tas tod Thypidos Kad
Evdparov diopuyas aiyparoriobdvras, tov dé Tov
Bafvrovilwy Bacihéa axovcavta NaBovyodovdcop
15 TA UTrd TOU ‘lepeulouv mpoyavtevOdyta Trapakadéoat
"AotiBapny tov Mydov Baciréa ovoetpateve adTo.
maparaBdvra 5é€ BaB8varwviouvs cal Mndous kal
cuvayaydvTa welav pév oxTwoxaidena, (riéwv Se
pupiddas dddexa Kal relay Gpyata uupla, TpaTov
40 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
% wey THY Lawapeitiy KatactTpéWwacbac cal Tarsraiav
kal [xvOdTodw Kai Tos év TH Tadaditide oiKodv-
ras lovdaious adOis 6 ra lepocdAvpa TaparaBeir,
cai Tov lovdalv Baciiéa lwvayelu Swyphoar. Tov
dé ypucdv Tov év T@ lep@ Kal apyupoyv Kal yadxov
25 exreEavtas, eis BaSvra@va arrooteihat, yepis THs
KiS@rov Kai Tay év avTH TAaKa@Y. TavTHV Sé TOV
‘lepewlay xatacyeiv,” —Evs., ix, 39
8. av ein: GMT., 235,
5. Heinichen reads rightly, Twaxeiu, but the MSS
favorthegiven reading; see Gaisford. Jehoiakim reigned
609-597, II Kings, chap. 24; Jer., chap. 36.
mpopyretou: cf. fragment 2, note 2.
7. xatadaPeiv: cf. Jer. 11:13; 17:2 ff.
8. Baad: originally a worship of local deities, a cult
that rose in connection with agriculture. These divinities
were thought to care for the fertility of their several
districts. Gradually their jurisdiction was construed to
extend to animal fruitfulness also. The rites were often
cruel and revolting. Cf. Jer. 19:5; I Kings 18:28. From
Hos. 2:17 there seem to have been different names. Cf
Smith, Religion of the Semites, p. 94; I Kings 16:82;
Jos., Antt., viii, 13,1; II Kings 21:3; 23:10 ff. Eupole-
mus seems here to confound incidents in the reigns of
Manasseh and Jehoiakim. The Baal referred to by
Eupolemus is probably Molech, II Kings 23:10, the
Molech cult being probably of Canaanitish, perhaps
Phoenician, origin. So far as is known, there was n0
cidwAov ypvoow erected to Molech; the thing referred to
may have been one of the objects mentioned in IT Chron.
34:4 ff. See Moore in Encyclopedia Biblica, ITI, coll.
3183 ff,; Smith, Religion of the Semites, Lecture TI];
Guthe, Kurzes Bibel-Worterbuch, s. v. “Baal,”
EUPOLEMUS 4]
9 f. Cf. Jer., chap. 36.
10. The fate of the prophet’s book would seem here
to be transferred to his person. The rabbis declare that
the prophet was in danger of his life. See also Jos.,
Antt,, X, vii, 21; Jer. 36:11 ff.; cf. 26:20 ff.
15. wpopavtevOévra: not rpodyreiav; see above.
14 ff. The reason for this invasion (Nebuchadrezzar
made three into Judaea, 601, 596 [II Kings 24:1 f.], 586
[II Kings 25:1 ff.]) was the revolt of Jehoiakim (II Kings
24:1) though Jeremiah was treated kindly by the Baby-
lonians (Jos., Antt., X, ix, 1).
16. “AcriBapyv: Eupolemus is in error here. Nebu-
chadrezzar’s (604-562) Median contemporaries were
Cyaxares (635-595) and Astyages (594-550), Justi,
Geschichte des alten Persiens, pp. 11-14. The lists of
Herodotus and Ctesias are more or less artificial. Len-
ormant suggested that Astibaras was a lesser king and
contemporary of Sargon (722-705) and Sennacherib
(705-681), kings of Assyria.
20 f. The first two names are of divisions of the
country formerly occupied by Israel: Seythopolis is a
town on the border, sometimes included in one, some-
times in the other. Gilead lay east of Jordan.
23. €wypjou: IT Chron. 36:9.
25. xwpis rys x.Bwrov:; There is a tradition that the,
ark was never carried away but was hidden somewhere
in the temple. Once a priest detected the concealment
from the unevenness of the paving-stones under which
the ark was hidden; attempting to tell a fellow-priest
_ he was stricken with death. Another story ascribes the
concealment of the ark to King Josiah, The ark prob-
_ ably disappeared in one of the raids when the temple
|
was looted, probably not later than the date of the exile,
ARTAPANUS
Artapanus, fragments of whose [epi "Iovdaiav
have come down to us, based his work on the Old
Testament narratives but embellished his writings
with many fanciful additions. His tendency is to
exalt his nation: he makes even the Egyptians
debtors to Israel. That he lived in Egypt we
should infer from the fact that he ascribes to the
temple service at Heliopolis age and corresponding
sanctity.
Sources: Eusebius, ix, 18, 23, 27; Clement, i, 23, 154.
Rererences: Schiirer, III, pp. 354 ff.; Christ., p. 668;
Miller, ITT, pp. 212 ff.
FRAGMENT 1
An account of the names of the Hebrew people,
and of Babel. Through Abraham the knowledge
of astrology came to Babylonians, Phoenicians,
and Egyptians.
"Aprdavos 5é pnaow év trois "lovdaixots, Tous
pev "lovdalous dvoydlerOar “Epyuov8, 8 elvar peb-
epunvevOev kata thy “EAAdda dovav *Tovdaior
kareicOa 5é adtods “ESpalous amd ’A Bpadpou.
5 Touro b€ dyot travoixia édOeiv eis Airyurrrov apis
tov tov Aiyurrriwv Baciéa DapeOadvny «ab riv
aotpodoylav avrov diddEac- pelvavta bé érn exci
elxoct, Tahu eis TOs Kata Luplay amaAXayhval
42
ARTAPANUS 48
Torous' Tay dé TovT@ cuvEeAOdvTwY TOAKOUS eV
10 Adyorrtm Kxatapeiva. bia tiv evdarpoviay ris
yopas, —Evs., ix, 18
2. ‘Epyuwov8: this may stand for the Hebrew DuN
(= Epz-, though the aspirate (“) would lead us to expect
"TIT (=-ov6),=Syrian Jews. Cf. Hdt.,i., 11: «ai
Supoict reli 6 Nexws cup Bartov év Maydorw évixnoe. But
Necho fought here with Josiah, king of Judah (IT Kings
23:29). See Heinichen’s note, where, however, there is
a misprint; better Gaisford.
4. A more generally accepted derivation is from an
earlier ancestor, Eber, Gen. 10:21, and see Hastings,
Bible Dictionary, II, pp. 325 ff. After the fall of Sa-
maria, 721, the name of the tribe of Judah was applied to
the Southern Kingdom, of which this tribe was the
strongest factor.
5. wavorxia: “with all his household.”
6. DapePoryv: Artapanus shares the indefinite knowl-
edge of the later historians. The word Pharaoh, ori-
ginally a term applied to the royal palace with its
buildings and grounds, was later used as a title of office;
Jos., Antt., VIII, vi, 2: .... BapadGar éxAnOyoav dard tov
per’ avrovs év Tois peraty ypovors dpgavros BactAEws Papac-
Oov ri mpornyopiav Aa Bovres, dvaryraiov yard pny ciel,
iva THY dyvouv avtav adéAw kal rompow Tov dvouaros pave-
pay tiv airiay, ort Papaw Kxai Aiyurriovs Baci\éa onpaive.
Eyen Josephus has not given all the truth; ef. II Kings
23:29; Jer. 44:30, and elsewhere. The word came
finally to be egarded as a personal name, cf. Exod. 5:4.
From Egypt the word passed into Hebrow: thence to
_ Greek, and thence to Arabic. In this circuitous route
many errors could arise. Thus even Herodotus, ii, 111,
speaks of Dépwr(s), king of Egypt (Ramses II). When
Egypt became a Persian province, B. o. 525, the title
44 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
declined with the office. With the weakening of Persia
came a faint revival, two dynasties representing about
sixty years (Brugsch, Egypt under the Pharaohs, pp.
438 ff.). With the coming of the Greeks the Ptolemies
gave their name to the office and title. As he lived
three centuries or more after these events, and was occu-
pied with the magnificence of Ptolemaic Egypt, the
errors of Artapanus, if perplexing, are still explicable.
arrpodoyiav: Jewish writers generally, ascribe to Abra-
ham almost supernatural wisdom and sagacity (cf, Jos.,
Antt., I, viii, 1), but repudiate the practice of idolatrous
rites in connection with astrology; cf. Philo, De Abra-
hamo, 17: rexpypwv be évapyéoraroy ris drocxias, qv dx’
agTpovopias Kat THs XaAdaiLovens dofys 7 dudvoua €oreiAaro,
xrd, (Jubilees, xi), This finds frequent expression in
the rabbinical] literature.
8. Svpiav: here as Heinichen: at communi Syrorum
nomine prophani scriptores Judaeos saepe designant.
FRAGMENT 2
Joseph sold into Egypt, comes into control of
affairs, and by his wisdom and tact wins the love
of the people. The coming of Joseph is followed
later by a Syrian migration.
"Apramavos bé dnow év tw Trepi “lovdaler, Tov
"A Bpadp lwohd amdyovor yevér Oar, vidv dé "Laxe-
Bou: cuvéce € Kat dpovyce wapa Tos aos
Sueveyxdvra, Uo Tav adeddav emiSovAevOnvat '
5 Mpoedomevoy Se THY éemictcTtacw, SenOAvar Tov
actvyetdvar "ApaSav, eis thy Aiyurrov avror
diaxoploa, Tous d€ TO evTUyXaVoMEvOY ToLHoal
elvas yap Tois Tav "ApaSav Bacireis arroyovoy
ABTAPANUS 45
"lopanar, viods tod "ABpadp, "Ioad« 5é aderdgors.
10 €AOdvra Sé avtov eis THY Alyurrroyv Kal cvorabdvta
t@ Baorel Siocentiy this Ans yevéoOar yowpas.
Kal wpdétepoy ataxtas Tov AiyuTrriwy yewpopour-
tov, dia To THY yopav adialperoy elyat, Kai TOY
éXacodvoy vTré TOY KpEcooveY adiKoupevay, TOv-
15 TOY Wp@Tov Thy Te yHv Siereiy Kal Gpots Svacnp?-
vacOat Kai Thy TOAAY YEepoevomevny yewpynotwov
amorencoat Kal Tivas T@Y apoupay Tois lepedoty
amokAnp@cat. Tovrov dé kal pérpa evpeiy Kal
peyarws avtrov wre tav Aiqurriov da Taira aya-
20 1nOjvar. yaya. 8 avrov ‘“HdsovroAlrou tepéws
"Aceved Ouyatdpa, é& hs yevvnoat wraidas. peta
dé ratra trapayevéoOar mpos avtov tév Te TaTépa
xal-rovs aderpovs xouilovtas moAdnv Urrapév,
Kal KaroiucOjva. év ty mode Kaioadv, xal Tous
25 Lupous mAecovacay ev ty Alytrr@. Tovrous dd
gnot kai To ev "AOas xal ro év ‘HALovmrdAe Lepov
KatacKevacat Tous “Epyov ovopalopevous. pera
d€ radta rerevtjoat tov "Twond cal tov Baoiréa
tov Aiyurrriwy. tov ovv "Iwond Kxpatodyra THs
so Alyurrou roy éray émTa aiTov, yevouevoy KaTa THY
gopayv amrerov, trapabdcOa nai ths Aiydmrou
deotrérny yevérOat. — Evs., ix, 23
For the Old Testament narrative see Gen., chaps.
37-47.
5. émotvoracw: Cf. Gen. 27:29. SenPijvor: LS., déw,
B., IT, 2: “They disposed of him to neighboring Arabs;”’
cf. Gen., chap. 37.
20. See under Demetrius, Fragment 1, 81, note. On
the name of Joseph’s wife (Gen. 41:45), see Kohler in
46 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
Jewish Encyclopedia, II, p. 172. The rabbis, not sat-
isfied that Joseph should have married an Egyptian,
made her the daughter of Dinah, the daughter of Jacob.
24. Kaiav: in Fragment 3, Kéooav: probably a dif-
ference in spelling rather than a different town, as some
think. vpovs: see Fragment 1, 1. 8. The writer's
geography is that of his own times rather than of the
earlier period.
26. "Adws: Hebrew TS, in Ezek. 30:17 ys: Jer.
50:13 (LX X) gives “HA/ov roAews Tovs é€v"Ov. "A@ws may
come from the form Aven. The significance of the city
for the Jews began with the temple of Onias, B. 0. 160.
Jos., Jewish War, vii, 10; Antt., XIII, iii; Herod, ii,
137. See Graetz, History of the Jews, I, pp. 508 ff.
Artapanus manifests an interest in the teccapiie at Heli-
opolis whose rivalry with Jerusalem was regarded
unfavorably by the Palestinian Jews.
27. Eppsové: see Fragment 1, n. 2.
FRAGMENT 3
Moses was a man of surpassing beauty and wis-
dom. Called to perform signs before the king, he
surpasses all the magic of the Egyptians. He
leads the ‘‘Jews” across the Red Sea into Arabia.
"Aprdmavos 5é dnow ev tH Tept “lovdalen,
"ABpadyu TeXeuTHcavToS, Kal TOD viod avToU Mep-
Wacbevad, ouolws 5€ cal rod Bacihéws tay Ai
yurriov, tiv Suvacrelay trapadaBeiy Tov vidy
sautov [laApavwdnv. todrov dé trois “lovdalos
patrws rporpeper Oat, cal rp@tov pev THY Keooay
oixodomijcat, TO Te em’ av’Tn tepov Kabidpicacbat,
elra tov ev ‘HAvoviréNe: vaov KatacKevdcat, Tov-
ARTAPANUS 47
tov dé yerynoat Ouyatépa Méppuv, Hv Xevedpy rive
10 KaTeyyunoa, Tov vrép Méuduy rérwv Bacirevovte.
ToAXovs yap Tore THS AlyUrrov Bacidevev. Tav-
Tv O€ oteipav UIrdpyoucay vroBaréabat TLvds TOV
"lovdaiwy tradlov, rodro S& Ma@voov dvoudoat:
bro 8é Trav “EAAnver avtrov avdpwbdvta Movaaiov
15 MpocayopevOjvar, yevéoOar 5é tov Mavaoy rod-
tov ‘Opdéws diddcxarov, avdpwhévra 8 avrov
TOAAA Tos avOpwrros evypnota Tapadotvar. Kal
yap iota Kai pnyavdas pos Tas ALOoPecias, nal
ta Aiyorrma Sida, nal ra Epyava ta bdpevtiKa
20 Kal Trodemixa, Kal THY dirocodlay éFeupety: Ere Se
THY TodLW els AC” vopors SierXely Kal éExadoT@ TAY
vouayv atrotaeat tov Oeov cepOnoecOat, Ta TE iepa
ypaupara Trois iepedow > elvar dé Kal aidovpous xa
Kuvas kal iBes- atroveiwa: S€ nal Tols tepedouy
25 €Ealperoy yapav. tadta dé maya Troijoar yap
Tov THy povapyiav BeBalav to Xevedpyn dSiadvaAa-
Eat, mpdrepov yap adiaraxrous byras Tous byAovs,
more pev exBdrXev, rote 5é cabiotavew Bactrels,
Kal TroAXaKIS pev TOUS avTods, évidnus b€ AdXovS.
so 61d Ttadta ovy Troy Movooy 1rd Tov byAwY ayarn-
Ojvat Kal bard Tov iepéwy icoPdov Tinqs KaTakiw-
Oévta tpoaayopevOjvar ‘Epyhy d:a thy Tov lepav
ypapparwv épunvelav. tov dé Xevedphv opwvra
THY apetyyv ToD Mico P0ovijca avt@ Kal Snreiv
35 aurov én’ evrAGy@ aitla Twi avedeiv, Kal dn ToTE
tov AiOidrayv émictpatevoapdvov try Alyurrr@
Tov Xevepphy wrroraBdvra eipynndvar xarpov evOe-
Tov, TWéuyat tov Movoov én’ abtous otpatnyov
48 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
peta Suvdpews. 7o 58 TOY cuyyever av’T@ cuCTH-
40 cat TAHO0S, trortaBdvta padias a’rovy bia THv
TY oTpatiaTtav acbdveay bro TOY ToAEuion
avaipeOnoecbar. tov 5¢ Mavoov érXOdvra emi Tov
‘Eppotrorl(tny avowalouevov voyov, éyovta trepl
déxa pupiddas yewpyav, avTod KataeTpatorre-
45 Oedoat. tméurra 6€ atpatnyods Tovs mpoxabedov-
pévous THs yopas, ods 4b) mreoKexTelv eripavas
Kata Tas payas* ANéyew b¢ dnow “Hdsovrodéras
yeverOat Tov mdéAEwov TodToY ern déka, TOS OV
mept Tov Mevoor dia TO pwéyeOos THS oTpaTLas TO-
50 Auv ev ToUT@ KTicat TO TOM Kai THY Biv év adTH
xabiep@aat, dia To Tav’tny Ta SXamTovTa Cea Tors
avOpwrous avaipeiv, tpocayopedoat Se avtny “Ep-
pov modu, odtw 8) Tods Ai@lomas, xaliep
évras Todeuious, erépEa: Tov Maucov Oere Kal Thy
35 TeptTouny Tov aldolwv map’ éxetvou pabeiv- ov
udvov O€ TOUTOUS, AAA Kal Tos iepels AtravTas.
tov d€ Xevedpiv, vOevTos TOU TodEuou, Adym jpev
avrov amodcEacOa, épyw dé émuBoudevery, arap-
ehduwevov yoov avTod Tovs dyAous Tods wey éart Ta
60 Optra TH AtOrorrias Téuras rpopudakhs Yaptv, Tois
de mpootatar Tov év Aids mode vaov é& orris Ai
Gov xarecxevacpmevoy Kabaipeiv, Erepov 6€ ALOuvov
KaTacKevacat TO mAnolov dpos AaTOUHoaYTaS-
tata. b€ eri Tis oixodomias émictatny Nayépwra.
65 Tov Oe ehOovTa peta Mwicov eis Méudw, ruOdcbar
map’ avTou ei Tt AKO €otiv evypnaTov Tois avOpa-
Tos Tov d€ pdvat yévos Tav Body, dia TO TAY HY
umd rovTay apotcba. Tov dé Xevedphy, mporayo-
ARTAPANUS 49
pevoavta Tavpoy Amcy, cedevoas lepoy avToU Tors
70 6yXous KaMSpicacbat, Kal Ta Coa Ta KaDLEepwOevTa
iro Tov Ma@iaou Kerevew exei hdpovtas Parte,
Kataxpurrew OéXovtTa Ta TOU Ma@icou érivorpata.
atvokevwodvtwy 6é avtov tav Aiyurtiav, opxw-
poTiaa Tovs dirovs pr éeEayyetAar TH Maio
5 THY emiovMcTapevny avT@ émiBovAryv, Kal mpo-
BarécOat tovs avaipicovtas aitév. pndevos &
vTaKxovcavTos, dverdicat Tov Xevedpiv XavebaOnr,
TOV wadioTa Tpocayopevopuevoy Ur’ avTov. Tov dé
overdo. bevta vrocyérbat thy eriOecw, KaBdvTa
so Kaipdv. wd S€ TodTOV Tov Kaipdv Tis Méppidos
TeheuTnoaans, UTocyéerOar Tov Xevehpnv TH TE
Moic@ cal 7@ Xaveboby To cdma, @oTe Svaxopi-
aavras eis Tous Umep Alyurtov torovs Oda,
vrovaPSevra tov Ma@voov tro tov XavebwO avai-
85 peOjcecGar. tropevopevar dé avTm@y, THY eTriBov-
Anv T@ Movow tev cuvedorwy éeEayyeidai Tiva.
Tov 0€ duAda CONTA avToY THY wev Méppiy Barat, TOV
d¢ rotapdv Kal tiv év éxelv@ mddv Mepdnv tpoc-
ayopeioat. Ttivacba dé THY Méppww tavTnv w7ro
9 TOV éyyepiov ovK EXatTov i} Thy "low. "Aapwva dé
Tov TOV Ma@ioov aderpor Ta Tepi Thy émiBouvrry
ervyvovTa, cupBovredoa TO AdEAPO Huy civ els THY
"ApaBiav: tov 6€ rwewbdvra, awd Mépwhews tov
Neikov duardevcavta, amadAdocecOar eis THY
% ApaBiav. tov dé Xavebw@Onv rvOdpevov tro Mai-
gov TH Puy) evedpevery ws avaipnacovTa, iddvTa
dé épyopuevoy orracacba THY wdyaipav em’ avo.
tov 6€ M@vcov mpoxatatayncavtTa THv Te yveipa
50 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
KatTacyev avTov Kal oracapevoy Td Eihos hoved-
10 cat TOY XavebwoOnv. Svexdpavar dé eis Thy Apa-
Biav xal “PayounrAp To TaY TéeTeV apyovTL cup,
Bioiv, AaBdvta tiv éxelvou Ovyarépa. Tov be
‘PayourAov BovrAecOar otpateve él rods Aiyu-
mtious, catayev Bovdopevoy Tov Mevacor Kai Thy
1065 Suvactelay tH Te Ovyatpl Kal T@ yauSpe@ KaTa-
oxevdoa. Tov dé Mavoor aroxoddoa, croyato-
pevov Tav opodirAwrv, Tov S€ “PayoujAov dvaxo-
AvovTa atpatevery ois “Apayi, mpoorakat
Anotrevery tiv Alyurrov. wma b€ Tov avTov
110 xpdvov Kab Tov Xeveppiy mparov dmrdvrwv avOpa-
rev éepavtidcavra petardrAdEa, TovT@ Sé TO
maGer mrepireceiv Sia Td Tods *lovdaious mpooratat
awédvas audievvvebat, épeav 8 éoOTa br aprre-
yeoOa, bras dvtes érionwor xoXdbwvtar wr’
15 avTov. Tov dé Mevacor etyerOar to Oe@, Hy torte
Tos aos Tatoa, Tav KaxoTvaGemv., tacKo-
pévov & avrod, aidudias dnoiv éx THs yas mip
avabOjvat, cal todto KdeoOat, unte DANS pare ad-
Ans Tivos EvAelas ovans év TO TOT@. Tov be
120 Ma@voor Seicavta 1d yeyovos detyev: hovay 8
avTt@ Oeiay eirreiv otpatevew én’ Aiyurrrov, Kal
Tous ‘lovdaious dsacw@oavta eis THY apyaiay aya-
yeiv matpioa. Tov S€ Oappicavta Sivapw more
play érayew Siayvava tois Aiyurrrios. mparov
125 68 mpos "Adpwra tov aderdov érOeiv, Tov be
Baciréa tev Aiyurrriov ruOdmevov tiv Tod Mai-
gov Tapovolayv KadXéoat mpos avrov Kal ruvOdve
ca ef’ 3 tt HKow- Tov Se pdvar, rpoordéa aito
‘ABTAPANUS 51
Tov TIS oixoupdyns Seomdrnv arordcat Tors "lov-
130 Safous. ov dé wuOduevoy eis dudaxhy avrov xa-
OcipEar. vunros 8 éariyevoudvns, tas te Oudpas
Taoas avtopdtws avoyOjvar tod Seopwrnpiov,
Kat Tov durdxwy ods pev TerXeuTHCaL, Tivas Se
iro Tov brrvou TrapeOnvat, Ta Te StrAa KaTEayhvat.
135 €£eAOovra S¢ tov Mauoov éri ta Bactrea éreiv:
evpdvra Oe dvepypevas Tas Ouvpas eicednOeiv, xal ev-
Odde Trav duAdKxwy Trapepevwy Tov Bactrda e€eryei-
pas. Tov Oe éxrrayevta érl TO yeyovdTt KeXeDoaL TO
Maio ro rod réuypavros airov Oeod citreiy dvopa,
140 StayAevdeavra avtdv. tov dé mpooxtavra mpes
TO os eimrely, AxovcavTa 5é tov Baoirda receiv
adwvov, SiaxpatnOdvra 8é tre tod Maitoou mad
avaBiaoar, ypawavta 8é rotvopa eis SéATOV
xkatacppayloacba trav Sé tepdwy tov éxpavrl
145 CavTa TA éy TH TrivaKid: yeypappeva peTa oTrac Lov
tov Biov éxrNprdvev> eimeiy te tov Bactdéa
onpeidy Tt avT@ Trotnoar: Tov 5¢ Ma@voov jv elye
paBdov éxBardvra Shiv trojoa: mronbévrav Se
Tavrov, émiraBcpevov tis ovpas averdoOar xal
150 WaALy paBdov trovjoas: wpoedOdvra Se puxpov Tov
NeiAov tn pabd@m matafar: rov dé trotapov To-
AvYouy yevouevoyv KaTaKAUCay ErAnv THY Alyumrrov.
amo tére 5¢ xal THY KaTaBaow avtov yiverOat.
cuvayaryov Sé ro téwp amoléocat Kal ta Trotdpwa
155 SuapGei pas Cpa, tous Te Xaovs dia tH Shpav Pbei-
pecOa. tov dé Bactréa, TovTwy yevoudvwv Tav
Tepadtwv, davat peta va TOS Aaovs aTroAvcEY,
day atroxatactyoy Tov Totapdv. Tov 5¢ Mavoov
52 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
Tahki Ty paBdo maratavta To téwp cvoTeiXar TO
160 peta, TovTov Se yevoudvov, tov Bactréa Tors
iepeis tods drép Méuduy earécat kal ddvas avbtous
avaipnoev Kal Ta iepa xatacKael, €ay jan Kal
auTol Tepatouvpyjowar. Tods b€ ToTe Oia TivwY
payyaverv Kal éraodav Spdxovta rothoat Kal Tov
165 ToTapov peTayp@car. Tov dé Baciida Ppovnpa-
Tisbévra ert TH yeyovert, racy Tiwapla Kai KohacE
xataixiCew tos *lovdalous. rov 6¢é Me@rcov raira
opavTa adda Te oOnuEla ToinoaL, Kal TrataéavTa
Thy yy th paBdm Codv tT mTnvoy aveivar Avpal-
70 verOa: Tos Aiyurrious, mavta te éFehx@O vat Ta
cwpara, Ttav é latpav pn Svvapevay iaoba
TOUS KALVOVTAS, OUT@ Tai averews TUXEV TOS
‘lovdatous radu Te Tov Ma@voov Batpayov Sia THs
paBdou aveivar, pos 6€ tovrows axploas wal oxvi-
15 bas, 1a todro b€ Kai rods Aiyumrious Thy paBdov
avaTiGévar els wav tepov, omolws d€ Kal TH “Iovdu,
dua TO THY yiv elvac “low, Tatopévny 6€ TH paBdy
Ta Tépata aveivat. Tod dé Baciréws ére adpovou-
pévou, Tov Mavoov yadratav te wal ceecpods bua
180 VUKTOS aTroTeAdo al, WaTE TOS TOY GELaLOV mevyor-
Tas amo THs yahdlyns avaipeioat, TOUS Te THY
xaralav éxxdivovtas iro Tey ceopav dradbei-
pecOar. cuptreceiv O€ TOTE TAS meV OiKkias mWdoas
TOY TE Vaw@Y TOUS TAElgTOUS. TENEUTALOY TOLAUTALS
185 cuppopais wepitecdvta Tov.Baciréa Tovs “lovédai-
ous amrodtoa. Tors dé ypnoauevous mapa Tav Ai-
yurti@v moda pev éxrr@pata, ove ortyor be
imaTio“ov, GAXnV Te TayTANOH yalav, SraBavras
ABRTAPANUS 58
Tovs kata THY "ApaBlay Trorapors, kat SuaBavras
190 (xavoy tétrov én tiv épvOpdv tpitalovs édOeiv
Odraccav. xal Meudiras pév ody Aéyey Eutrerpov
évra TOV Mavooy Tis yopas THY apTrwTW THpPT-
cavra Sia Enpas THs Oardoons To AROS TrEeparo-
oat’ ‘HXsoutronriras bé Aéyev emrixatadpapeiy Tov
193 Bacitda peta qoddts Suvduews, Gua Kal Trois
Kabepwpevors Spos, Sia TO THy Brapkw Tors
"lovdatous trav Atyurrriwv ypnoapevors Svaxopitey.
T@ 5€ Maio Oelav hoviyv yevéoOa, marafa THY
Oaraccay Th paBdSm: tov 5é Mavooy axovcavra
200 €rOryeiy TH paBdp rod BdaTos, Kal odTw TO MEV
vapa Siacrhvas, tiv 62 Sbvapw Sia Enpas od0d
qopeverOar. LuvepBavrov 5é trav Aiqurriov Kal
diwxdvrwv, gynol mip avurois ek tav Eumpoobev
éxrAdprvar, thy S€ Odracoay mands THY oddv ém-
205 KAvoaL, Tors Sé Aiyumrious bird te Tod trupos Kal
Tis TwAnpmupisos cwavras SiapOaphvar, tors Se
"lovdatous Siaguyovras tov Kivduvov, Tpidxovra ern
év TH épnum Statphpar, Bpéyovros avrois Tod Oeod
Kpiuvov, Suorov édXvpm, ylove TrapamAnoioy THY
210 ypeav. yeyovdvac Sé dynot tov Ma@uvooy paxpor,
Tuppakh, TONY, KOoLHATHV, akEiwyatikdy. TavTa
dé mpaEas rept érn oydSonxovta éevvda,
—Eos., ix, 27
2. Meuwpacberd0: i. e., Isaac. The origin of the name
is as yet only conjectural.
5. TlaApaveOyv: the little knowledge we have of the
period, Dynasties 13-17, is derived largely from a frag-
ment from Manetho preserved in Jos., Ag. Apion., i,
54 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
14f.; cf. Petrie, History of Egypt, I, pp.16 ff. The Old
Testament narrative is brevity itself, Gen. 50:22 ff;
Exod., chaps. 18 ff. SoJos., Antt., IT, ix, 1. Sco Brugsch,
Egypt under the Pharaohs, chaps. v, vi. The Pharaoh
of the oppression, Exod. 1:8, is generally thought to be
Ramses IT (1292-1225). If the Merneptah inscription
represents Israel as back in Canaan, then Merneptah
(1225-1215) was the oppressor of the Hebrews. See
Miller, Encyclopaedia Biblica, III, col, 3688.
6. Keoodv: Fragment 2, |. 23; Heinichen en
the land Goshen has been here mistaken for a city.
Exod. 9:26 (LXX) Téoen.
8. vaov: the usual distinction, LS., s. v., II, hardly
holds here.
9. Méppw: Thermuthis in Jos., Antt., II, ix, 5. See
1, 87 below.—Xevedp7: raév trip Méudw réorwv probably
refers to the southern district of Egypt, i. e., about
Thebes. See Philo, Life of Moses, i, 20, 118; 1. 158
below. Breasted, History of Egypt, pp. 221 ff.: there
were in the Hyksos period and later, kings by the name
of Sekenenre.
14. Movoaiov: pre-Homeric seer and priest.
16. *Opdéws: received his lyre from Apollo, his instruc-
tion from the Muses. _
17 ff. Cf. Jos., Antt., II, x; II, ix, 7, and Acts 7:20 ff.;
ef. below, ll. 210 ff.
18. pnyavas x. r. \Hoecias: “hurling engines,”
21. vopovs: this division dated back to the old king-
dom (Breasted, op. cit., p. 79).
28. On animal worship see Steindorff, Religion of
the Ancient Egyptians, pp. 157 ff. On Egyptian reli-
gions, see Diimichen, Geschichte des alten Aegyptens,
ITI, chap. iii.
25. yapw tov... . dvddéa: “to preserve the king-
dom safe for Chenefren.” See LS., 8. v. yapis, VI, 1.
- 29. dvudxis = éviore, Sophocles, Lexicon, 8. U.
ARTAPANUS 55
85. Cf. Jos., Antt., IT, x.
89. ovyyévwv: so Gaisford and Dindorf.
45. mpoxabedoupevous: for rpoxabefeav; expressing pur-
pose, GMT., 840.
51. “For the reason that this destroys the creatures
that injure men,” Jos., Anét., II, x, 2.
52. This city Saba (Jos., Aniét., II, x) was called by
Cambyses Meroe.
68. rd mAjowwv dpos: “the neighboring mountain.”
64. Naxépwrra: only the name of this official is now
known; so in |. 76.
66. @ ru: LS., p. 413, col. 1, bottom; “whatever other
thing is useful for men.”
77. XaveOwOyv: some MSS omit final -y.
82. 1d capa Saxopioayras: so Gaisford, Dindorf.
118. Cf. Exod., chap. 3.
128. xo: GGr., 1480, MT., 665°. dri, Hein. drwy.
mpoordga: kore mpoordccev; so Gaisford and Din-
dorf.
182. On Moses in Hellenistic literature, see Kéhler
in Jewish Encyclopedia, IX, 56 f.
189. See probable basis of this story, Exod. 3:13 ff.
148. See Exod. 7:8 ff.
158. Artapanus must be giving here what was cur-
rent folklore among the Jewish population.
168. reparovpyjowo.: Gaisford and Dindorf.
164. On Egyptian magic see Steindorff, Religion of
the Ancient Egyptians, Lecture IV.
168. The writer seems to be following vaguely Exod.
7:17 ff.
Exodus Artapanus Ezekiel (p. 181)
alya al pa.
Barpaxo C@ov ti rrqvov
oxvides Bdrpaxos
Kuvopvia dxpides
56 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
Exodus Artapanus Ezekiel (p. 181)
Odvaros peyas oKvides
ann xaAala
xaAala cacpot
dxpides
oKOTOS
WPwToToKoL
Cf. also Philo, Life of Moses, chap. xvii.
185. See Exod. 12:31.
186. Exod. 12:35 f.
191 ff. Memphis and Heliopolis represent lower and
middle Egypt. The latter legend (ll. 191 ff.) we should
expect from Heliopolis; from early times down a sacred,
priestly city. See Philo, Life of Moses, I, 20, 115; 21,
120; Ezek., Fragment 9.
200. 6d483w: Dindorf and Gaisford (many codd.) add,
xat Sucrives: possibly a repetition of d&acrjva: in suc-
ceeding line.
205. The basis is probably Exod. 14:20.
210. Exod. 16:13 ff.
ARISTEAS
’ Of Aristeas, of whose book Iep? "Iovdalwv a single
fragment has been preserved, almost nothing is
known. The likeness of his name to that of the
author of the letter on the Septuagint is regarded
as only accidental. His book shows dependence
on the Greek Job; his era is probably to be placed
in the second century B. 0.
Sources: Eusebius, ix, 25.
Rererences: Susemihl, II, p. 651; Schtirer, III, pp.
356 f.; Christ, p. 668; Miller, ITI, p. 220.
FRAGMENT 1
Job, a rich countryman of Uz, lost his wealth
through misfortunes and himself was afflicted with
boils. Friends could not comfort him. But at
last he was made richer than ever.
"Apictatas 5¢€ dnow ev t@ wept “lovdaiwy, rov
"Hoad ynpyavra Bacaodpas vidv év ’Edav yevvicat
vidv. Kxatouuely dé TovTov év tH Avolrids yopa,
émrt rots Spos THs "Idovpatas nal ’ApaBilas. ye-
5 véecOar §& avtov Sixatov Kat mrodvKTHVOY. KTH
cacQat yap avrov mpdBata pev értaxioytda,
Kapnrous O€ tptoxyirias, Cevryn Boy wrevtaxocia,
dvous Onrelas vouadas trevtaxoclas. elye dé xal
yewpylas ixavas. tovrov dé Tov "Ia mporepov
10’IwBap dvouatfecOar. aeipalovra 8 avrov Tov
57
58 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
Geov évpeivar, peyddaus b€ mepiBareiv avrov atv
xfais, mparov wey yap avtov rods Té dvous Kal
Bods bird Anorav aedabfva, eira Ta TpdBata
md Tov mrupds €x TOD ovpavod meadvToS KaTaKa‘-
15 Vat cov TOiS TroLMéeot, eT’ Ov Tord bé Kal TAS
Kapnrous trod AnoTo@y aredabhvat elra ta Téxva
avTov arrobaveiv, mecovans Tis oiKkias, avOnpepov
6é aitod Kal To c@pa éEXxaoa. havrws é avToU
diaxeiévov, edOeiv els émloxeyrw “EXipav Tov
2 Oatpavirwv Baciréa cai Badrdad trav Davyaiwv
TUupavvov xal Lwdhap tov Mavvalov Bacidéa,
€rXGeiv S2 eal ’EXody rov Bapayindr Tov ZwBirny.
Tapaxadoupéver be, ddvar Kal ywpls mapaxd7-
ces eupeveiv abrov év re tH edoeBela Kal Trois
25 Sewwois, tov Te Gedy, ayac0évra Thy einpuylav av-
Tov, THIS Te vooov avTov aToAvcal, Kal TOoAAODY
xUpLoV imdptewy TOLHOAL. —Evs., ix, 25
2. Bacodpas: So reads LXX applicable to Job (pos-
sibly, as Freudenthal, notes by, or built up on, Aristeas);
see Swete, Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek,
pp. 256 f.: really Job’s native place, rather than mother,
a leading city of Edom; cf. Isa. 34:6; Jer. 49:13; Amos
1:12. The Old Testament (Gen. 36:1 ff .) gives the
names of Esau’s wives as Adah, Oholibamah, and Base-
math (26:34, Judith and Basemath) with which Jos.,
Antt,, I, xviii, 4; II,i, 2, agrees. A later tradition adds
Dinah, daughter of Jacob.
8. vicv: Heinichen suggests the reading lwB, Hsawm
ex Bassara coniuge Jobum in Idumaea filium genu-
isse, Others would delete the vidy in 1. 3.
8. Avoiridi: LXX, appendix to Job, reads Ate
i, e., the land of Ausis, Greek for Uz, LKX Job 1:1,
ARISTEAS 59
10. IoBép: Greek appendix to Job, IwBd8. Job is
here also confounded with Jobab, king of Edom (Gen.
36:33), and a great-grandson of Esau (Gen. 36:1 ff.).
19. So also the Greek appendix to Job:
’"Edepas rv Hoad vidy, Oacuavay Baccreds,
Baddad 6 Zavyxalwy répayvos,
Zwhdp 6 Mevalwy Bacrcreds,
MALCHUS
Malchus (Cleodemus?) a Jewish (possibly
Samaritan) writer left a treatise, [Iept "Iovdaiun,
of which a fragment has survived. To an unusual
degree this writer mingled Greek and Jewish tra-
ditions.
Socroes: Eus., ix, 20; Jos., Antt., I, xv.
Rererences: Schiirer, III, pp. 357 f.; Susemihl, II,
p. 652; Miller, ITI, p. 214.
FRAGMENT 1
To Abraham and Keturah many sons were born;
Assyria was named for one, Africa for others.
From Hercules and a granddaughter of Abraham
were descended the Sophanians. ~
Knreddnuos S€ dno o mpopyrns, 6 Kal Madyas,
ictopov ta trept “lovdalwy, xabas. cat Maas
toTdépnkev 6 vowoberns avtwy, dt éx Xerrovpas
"A Bpaau éeyévovto traides ixavol> Neyer 5é avrav
5 Kal Ta Ovdmata, ovouatwy Tpeis, "Adéep, ’Acovp,
"Adpav. xalamro Acovp péev thv "Acouplap, ao
5é trav dvo, ’Adpa te nal ’Adép, rédv te "Adpav
cal THY yopav Adpixad dvopacOjvat. Ttovrous bé
‘Hpaxret ovotpatedoa ert ArBuny cat’ Avraiov:
10 ynuavta Sé thv ’Adpa Ouyarépa ‘Hpaxrda yevvi-
oat viov €& avtns Arcdwpov. tovrou bé yevéo Oa
Lopwvav, af’ ob tovs BapBapous Dodas A¢yer Oar.
—Ewvs., ix, 20
60
MALOCHUS 61
1. 6 xat ModAyas: cf. Acts 13:9, Ctesias (ed. Baehr),
p. 76, §48 (Journal of Biblical Literature, XIX, Pt. I,
p. 53). 7
6. For the descendants of Abraham and Keturah see
Gen. 25:1 ff., where the line is—
Abraham 7 Keturah
| | | Ae i |
Zimran ai i Medan Midian Ishbak Shuah
Sheba Dedan i |
Ephah Epher Hanoch Abida Eldaah
Asehiarim Letushim Pca
Jos., Antt., I, xv, gives this passage with slight varia-
tions: MdAxos .. . . Mwvons icropyoey ... . Karovpas
‘“ABpdpw .... Iadépav Sovpyy ‘Tadpdv. dard Sovpov pev
tiv Acovpiav xexAnjoba .... lappa .... Iadépov....
"Edpay. rovrous yap... . yhuavra te THY Adpdvov....
AiSwpov. .... Sodwva .... Sddaxas.
8. "Adpixa: derived from Punic Frigi.
9. ’Avrafov: Apollodorus, ii, 5, tells the story of
Antaeus, son of Poseidon and Ge, a giant who dwelt in
Libya. His marriage with a daughter of Aphra is based
on Hercules’ travels through Africa. The attempt of
the Grecizing Jew is clear here to bridge over the gap
between Jew and Greek, to make Judaism more accept-
able to the western world.
THALLUS
There have been preserved by Eusebius, The-
ophilus (bishop of Antioch, a. p. 169-ca. 181; Eus.,
H. E., iv, 20), and Georgius Syncellus (Krum-
bacher, pp. 339 ff.) fragments of a writer, Thallus,
a Syrian—probably a Samaritan. Thallus com-
piled a chronology covering the period from the
sack of Troy to his own time. He was probably
a younger contemporary of Josephus, though not
to be confounded with a supposed Thallus in Jos,,
Antt., XVIII, vi, 4 (where the Greek codd. read
EdXos the Latin codd., Thallus. The emendation
@arros is rejected by Niese, doubted by Schiirer).
The character of his work, of which there were at
least three books (Eus., Chronicae), shows Thal-
lus to have been a Grecizing Samaritan (cf. Ter-
tullian, Apology, 19; Lactantius, i, 23).
Sources: Theophilus, Ad Autolycum, iii, 29.
Rererences: Schiirer, III, pp, 368 ff.; Christ, p. 705;
Miller, ITI, pp. 517 ff. On Syncellus see Krumbacher,
pp. 339 ff. |
FRAGMENT 1
Forty-one kings ruled Assyria from Belus I
until the time of Sardanapalus, as attested by many
notable historians.
Tavrny (i. 6., Trav ’"ApdBov Bacirelav) ’Acov-
plov pa’ dedéEavto Bacidels. . . . « a0 TOU Tpw-
62
THALLUS 63
Tov avt@v BrAov éws tod wa Maxocxodépov Tov
kal Sapdavarraddov, ws supdwvodar moAXol Tav
semionuwv iatopixav, IloAvBios Kwai Accdwpos,
Kedadiov te cai Kaotwp nai @dddos Kai érepor.
—Synceiius, Chronographia, p. 92B (Miller)
8. MaxooxoAdpov: another name for Ashur-bani-pal
(i. e., Ashur is the creator of a son). On rod xai, cf.
under Malchus, p. 56,
The Greeks regarded Sardanapalus as a type of
the luxurious, effeminate king, and this may be a com-
pound of some such words as padaxds, yaAapos, whence,
in time, Ma(Aa)xoo-yaAapos.
FRAGMENT 2
According to the history of Thallus Bél flour-
ished 322 years before the Trojan War.
Kata yap THY Odddov iotopiav o BHXos mporyeve-
aTepos evpicxetar Tov ‘Ihcaxovu Trodepou Ereot TKA.
—Tueroruitus, Ad Autolycum, iii, 29
FRAGMENT 3
According to Diodorus Siculus and other writers
Cyrus began to reign in the first year of the fifty-
fifth Olympiad.
Kipos Ilepoay éSacidevev, & érer "OdXvprids
nXOn ve, ws €x TOV BiBrALoOnkav Avodmpov Kai Tav
@adrod nai Kaoropos ioropwy, éts dé TlokvBlov
Kal Dréyortas ear. evpeiv. —Evs., x, 10
1. €BaciAevev: Gaisford and Dindorf here read the
aorist.
2. On: ingressive aorist: Gildersleeve, Syntax, 239,
GGr, 1260.
64 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
FRAGMENT 4
Belus aided the Titans in their war against Zeus
and his allies. The defeated Ogyges fled to
Tarshish, his country.
ByXovu tov ’Acouplwy Bacidevoavros Kai Kpdvou
Tov Tiravos @dAXos péuvyntrar, ddoxeov Tov Byrov
memroveunkevat avv Tots Tirdot mpos tov Aia xat
Tos avy avT@ Beors ANeyoudvous, 20a dnaiv, Kat
5” Oryuyos nrrnbels purer eis Taprnaadv. tére pev
THS KoOpas éxeluns axTIs crAnOelons, viv Se’ ArtiKhs
Tpoaayopevomervns, Hs “Oryuyos tore HpEe° nal Tas
Aoutras 6€ ywpas Kal odes, ad’ ov Tas mpocovuplas
ExYov, ovK avayKatoy nyovpea KaTareyely, UANOTA
10 Tpos a€ TOY émLeTapEvoY TAS taTopias.
—Tueopuitus, Ad Autolycum, iii, 29
1. ByAov: a traditional king of Assyria, father of
Ninus, date not determined.
5. Taprnoodv: Thallus has evidently fallen into
error. If, as Cheyne thinks, Tiras (Gen. 10:2) is the
same as Tarshish (Gen. 10:4; cf. Mitchell, World before
Abraham, p. 237), or even if Tartessus be not the same
as Tarshish in Spain, as LS., s. v.. we may have a clue.
Thallus may have confounded Ogyges, reputed first
king of Thebes (Ogygia) and Gyges, king of Lydia, s. o.
ca. 680. Further, Tyrrhenus, son of the Lydian king
Atys, is said to have led a Pelasgian colony from Lydia
into Italy, or, as some believe, the shores of Europe west
of Greece.
6. ’"Arrixns: The Boeotian story is here blended with
that of Attica. Similar deluge stories appear in the
THALLUS 65
traditions of the two states. It is not a question of
historical data but of tracing the writer’s error.
8. wrpovovupias = mpocovu(o)uacias.
FRAGMENT 5
From the time of Ogyges until the first Olym-
piad was 1,020 years, which period is touched
upon by many historians.
ard ’Orytyou tov map’ éxelvors avtdyOovos
muotevOevros, eh ob yéeyovey Oo éyas Kal patos
éy ty ’Artixn xataxdvao nos, Popwrvéws ’Apyetov
Bacirevovtos, ws ‘Axovoldaos toropel, péype
smporns ‘Odupmiddos, omdbev “EXdAnves axpuBovv
TOUS YpPdvoUS evopuTAY, Eryn TUvaryeTat YbALA ElKOoL,
ws Kal Tois mrpoeipnudvois cupdwvel Kal Tots EES
SayOjoerar. taita yap "AOnvalwy ioropodrtes,
“EdAavixds te Kal Diddyopos o tas ’AtOiSas, of re
10TA Lvpia Kaotwp cai @ardos, nal ta mravrwv
Aiddwpos 6 tas BeBr0Onnas, ’ArdEavdpds te 6
TloAviotrap, cal tives THV Kal’ nuads axptBdartepov
éuvnoOnocay Kal Tov ’Artix@y atravrw@v. el Tis OV
éy Tois xtrlous elxoow Eteow émrionwos totopla
15 TUYYaVEL, KATA TO KYpHoLwoy exreynoETAL.
—Ewvs., x, 10
1. ’Oyvyou: 776 + 1020 = 1796 years B. oc. The son of
Boeotus was the first ruler of Thebes, hence Thebes was
also called Ogygia.
2. éd’ ov: “time within which,” GGr, 1136; Kihner,
Gram., 419, 2, 6.
%. Dindorf here reads, noting Justin Martyr, chap.
ix: of ra °AO., but Vigerus om.. “A@yvaiwy; and Gaisford
66 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
approves, ‘EAAdmxos: Greek chronicler, florutt s. oc, 450;
was the first to introduce systematic chronological
arrangement into the traditional periods of Greek history.
PiAsyopos: Athenian, author of a history of Athens to
B. 0. 262; put to death by Antigonus Gonatas, B. o. 260.
5 rds: Heinichen and Gaisford read of ras.
"Ar@iéas: the title of Philochorus’ book.
10. Kdorwp: chronicler of Rhodes: his history extends
from the time of Belus to B. o. 60.
11. Adwpos: Diodorus Siculus lived in the time of
Augustus, author of BrBdAobjxn ‘Toropixy covering the
period from before the Trojan war to the end of Caesar’s
war in Gaul,
*"AXéavopos: from Pergamus; prisoner of war in time
of Sulla, afterward freed. He was a voluminous writer
on historical and scientific subjects. For his varied
learning called Polyhistor (Christ, 609),
FRAGMENT 6
Throughout all the world occurred a terrifying
darkness (by some thought to have been an eclipse),
the rocks were rent by an earthquake, and most
of Judaea and the rest of the world was over-
thrown.
xa’ Sdov Tod Kdopou aKdTos emrnyero poBepa-
TATOV, CeLTU@ TE ai wéeTpar SveppryyvuvTo Kal Ta
TorAd lovdalas Kai Ths ovis ys KaTeppibOn,
TOUTO TO oKOTOS Exderriv TOD HAlov @dAXos aro-
sKarei év tpity tav ‘loropiav, ws euot Soxet
adoyos. —Synceitus, Chronographia, p. 322¢
2. ra woAAd: see LS., s. v., II, 3, d.
ANONYMOUS
Through Polyhistor two fragments have come
down. The shorter one is anonymous ("Ev Tois
‘adecordros); the longer passage professes to be
from Eupolemus, but this involves certain difficul-
ties. (1) Eupolemus (Fragment 1) makes Moses
the pioneer in the teaching of wisdom (prov
cddov) ; according to this fragment this honor must
be ascribed to Abraham (cf. 17ff.). (2) A Jewish
writer, like Eupolemus, would hardly accord to
Abraham divine honors at Gerizim, “Apyaprfiv, 6
elvat peOepunvevdpevov dpos inyictov, nor would he
style Gerizim dpos inpicrov, It is more natural to
look for a Samaritan writer. Because of its simi-
larity to the preceding fragment some, as Freu-
denthal, have regarded this a longer recension of
the same original. This is plausible, although the
smaller fragment seems too brief to afford a con-
clusion. Of both fragments perhaps the best we
can say is that both are anonymous.
Sources: Eusebius, ix, 17, 18.
Rererences: Schirer, III, pp. 358 f.; Susemihl,
p. 652; Maller, III, pp. 211 f.
FRAGMENT 1
An unknown writer traces Abraham’s lineage to
the giants. To him is ascribed the beginning of
astrology among the Phoenicians and Egyptians.
67
68 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
év 5€ adeomdros etpopev tov "ABpadm avaoé
povra eis rods yiyavras, TovTous 5é oixodvTas év Ty
Bafvrwvia da tiv dcdBeaav bro Tov Oedy avai-
peOjvat, dv éva Bhrov éxdevyovra tov Oavarov év
5 BaBvAo@u Katoujoat, Tipyov Te KaTacKevacarTa
év auto diartac Bar, dy 81) air Tov KaTacKevdcavTos
ByAov BiAov ovopacOjvar. tov dé” A Spapoy rip
aotporoyiKny émotnuny tradevOdvra mpa@rtoy ev
EXBetv ets Dowvienv cal ros Dolwxas aorporoylav
10 didaEat, dorepov dé eis Altyurrov mraparyevésOu.
—Eus., ix, 18
1. év 8 ddeordras: in an anonymous work. LS., II,
and reff.; Soph., Lex. s. v.; Jos., Ag. Apion, i, 16, 31.
Tous yiyavras: probably not a reference to the semi-
human peoples of Gen. 6:4, but a collective term for the
early inhabitants of Palestine. See Num. 13:22; Deut.
3:11; I Sam. 17:4; II Sam. 21:16; I Chron. 20:4. It is
not necessary here to bring in the fanciful notions of
the apocalyptic writers; cf., e. g., Enoch 7:2. Cf. Baruch
83:26 ff. Jewish tradition extended their habitat into
Mesopotamia; cf. Jewish Encyclopedia, V,656. There
is doubtless a blending of the Greek mythological ideas.
4. ByAov: a traditional king of Assyria, father of
Ninus, date indeterminable. See here Tiele, Bab.-as-
syr. Gesch., p. 518.
7. A different version is given in Gen. 11:9. The
native name was Bab-ili(u), Tiele, Bab.-assyr. Gesch.,
p. 72, Gate of God.
7 ff. See Jos., Antt., I, viii, 2.
FRAGMENT 2
Abrahan, a native of Ur, moves westward, settles
in Palestine, engages in war, receives gifts from
ANONYMOUS 69
native princes, and teaches the people astrology.
The rival theories of the Babylonians and Greeks
are outlined.
EvmrdXepos Se év to 1rept "lovdalov ris *Accuplas
gyol, rédwv BaBvrava mpa@rov pev cticOjAvat Urr6
tav Siacwbdvray é« Tod Kataxdrvopod, elvar dé
auTous yiyavtas, otxodopety 5é Tov toTopovpevov
5 Wupyov, tecdvros S€ TovTOU UTrd THS TOU Oeov évep-
yelas, Tods yiyavras Swacrraphvar wal’ Grnv thv
yhv. Sexdry dé yeved, pyolv, év mdédeu THs BaBv-
Awvias Kapapivy, hv twas Néyev mdr Ovpény,
elvac Sé peOepynvevoperny Xadrdalwv mor, év
10 Tpioxaioenaty yevérbar "ABpaadm ryevea, evyeveia
wal copia wavras trrepBeBnkdta, by 6) Kal THv
dotporoylav nal Xadrdaixny evpeiv, emi ré Thy
evoéBeav opunoavta, evaperticat T@ Dew. Tov-
tov 5é¢ Sia Ta wpoctaypata Tov Oeod eis Dowixny
15 €AOdvTa KaToKnoa. Kal TpoTras HAlov Kal ceANVNS
kat ta adda wavra SibaEavta tovs Poluxas,
evapeotica: T@ Baovrei avta@v. dortepov dé’ Appe-
vlous émotpatedoa trois Dolmk: venoavrwv
dé Kal aixparoricapdvwr tov aderdidobdv avrod,
2 Tov "ABpadp peta oixerav BonOnoavta, éyxpath
yevécOa, THY alyparwticapdvav Kal TeV TrOXE-
ploy aixyparorica téva Kal yuvaixas. mpésBewv
dé mapayevondvwy mpos avtrov, Sres ypnuata
AaBov atrorAvTpwoy TadTa, pH MmpoerdoOar Tos
25 Suctuxoiow erepBaivev, AAA TAS Tpodas da-
Bdvra’ taév veavioxwy, atrodobvat Ta aiypaddwta,
EcucOjval te avtov bird TédEws tepov, "Apyapeliv,
70 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
6 elvat peepunvevouevoy dpos inylerov, mapa &é
Tod MerAxyioedéx iepéms dvros Tod Peod Kal Bacihei-
30 ovTos AaPeivy Sw@pa. Atwod S€ yevowevov, Tov
"ABpaauw aradrAayiva eis Alyurroy mavoixia
KaKel KaToLKElY, THY Te yuVaika avTod Tov Bacidéa
tov Aiyurrloy ya, pavros avrTov adeApry elwat.
wepiacdtepov & iatdpnoev, Ott ovK HdvVaTO avTH
a5 curyyevér Oar, kal bre cuvéBn POelper Par avrod Nady
Kal Tov olxoy. edyteis b€, avTov KaXécarTos,
TovTO pavat, wy Elvat YApav THY yuvaixa, Tov be
Bacthéa tov Aiyurriov obras érivyvavat, ort yu)
ww Tov "ABpaap, Kal arodotvat avTiy T@ avopi.
io SvEnocavta dé tov "ABpadu év “HdsovaeXer rois
Alyutrriwy iepedo., Tordd peradidakar abrods Kal
THY agtpodoylav Kal Ta AOLTTa TOVTOY aUTOIS Eicn-
yicacOa, ddpevov BaBvrwrious tadra Kai abrov
evpnkévat, Tiv Sé€ epeoiy avTwy eis “Evwmy ava-
45 Téwrrey, Kal TOUTOY evpynKeval TP@TOV THY agTpo-
Aoylav, ov« Aiyurrious. BaBSvrwvious yap Néyew
mpartov yeverBar Birov, dy elvat ypovor* x TOv-
tou d€ yevéobar BiAov cal Xavadv, rodroy 6 Tov
Xavaav yevvica Tov watépa Tov Dowix@yv. Tov-
50 Tou d¢ Xodp viov yevéerOa, bv tro Tav “EAA jvor
Neyer Oar” AcBoror, watépa dé AtOiWrwv, adergov
5¢ ro Meatpaciu, watépa Alyumriov, “EXAnvas
5é eye tov ’AtNavTa evpnKévat aoTrpodoylar
elvat O€ Tov ’AtAdvTa Tov av’Tov Kal “Ev@y. Tov
55 bé “Evay yevécOar vidv Ma@otcadav, by mavta
&” ayyérXov Beod yrevat, kal mas ovT@s emruyva-
vat, —Evs., ix, 17
ANONYMOUS 71
1. EizroAewos: on the error of ascribing this passage
to Eupolemus, see Schiirer, ITT, p. 351.
rns “Acovpias: for similar anachronisms see Jonah
3:6; Dan. 1:4; 2:2; 5:2 ff. The lapse of time renders
our writer’s perspective vague. See the Old Testament
account, Gen., chap. 11.
4. yiyavras: see Fragment 1, |. 2.
5. awecovros: but see Gen. 11:7 f. Various stories are
told of the disasters attendant upon the erection of this
tower. Some of the builders were changed into animals,
demons, ghosts, etc. (Gk. Apoc. of Baruch., chap. ii).
According to Jos., Antt., I, iv, 3, the gods sent storms
of wind and overthrew the tower and gave to everyone
his separate language (oi 8 @Qeoi dveuous émimrempavres
dvérpefay Tov mipyov); so Sibylline Oracles, According
to the Talmud (Sanhedrin) and other sources one-third
of the tower was destroyed by fire, one-third sank into
the ground, and one-third remained standing. ‘Toone
standing on the ruins, tall palm trees look like grass-
hoppers.” These towers were characteristic of the Baby-
lonian cities, and form a fitting focus for such folklore.
8. Oipfv: Ur, Gen. 11:31. On the term Chaldee
see Mitchell, World before Abraham, p. 278; Gen.
11:31 f. belong i in P, Driver, Introduction, p.14. LXX
here, €k rijs ywpas tay Xaddaiwy, for Hebrew Ur of the
Chaldees. Cf, Acts 7:4, é« yijs XaA8aiwy. Chaldaea
proper lay to the south of Babylonia, adjoining the sea,
hence the name in the Assyrian records of “the sea-
land.” With the rise of the second Babylonian empire
under a Chaldaean dynasty the term became more ex-
a asin the Old Testament, Gen. 11:28, where the
phrase is regarded as a later harmonizing; also i in Jer.
chaps, 24 ff. On the importance of Ur see Rogers, Hist.
Bab, and Assy.,1, pp. 371 f. 290. The name, Kayapivn,
may have some vague connection with that of the ancient
Cimmerians, or, as Winckler, with Arabic gamar, moon.
72 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
10. Cf, Gen. 11:10 ff.
12. See Artapanus, Fragment 1. Cf. Artapanus’
descriptions of the wisdom and beauty of Joseph and
of Moses.
17. Probably a version of Gen., chap. 14. "Apyevious:
possibly a reference to the Scythians, who some time
between 628 and 610 8. c., swept down from their homes
north of the Black Sea and devastated the Mediter-
ranean countries as far as Egypt. Cf. Hdt., i, 103f,;
Jos., Antt., I, x, 1, calls them Assyrians.
18 ff. Cf. Fragment 1,
28. dws... . drodutpdoy: BMT., 197; Btnm., Gr.,
p. 233.
27. “Apyapgiy (2°53 “7 ): Gerizim, at the capital of
the Northern Kingdom.
28. A historical deduction rather than a philological
derivation. A Jewish writer would have reserved this
description for Jerusalem.
29. Gen. 14:18.
31. Gen., chap. 20. Gerar is south of Gaza.
40. The journey is extended to permit the weaving
in of a legend.
43. "Eve: Gen. 5:18-24. Enoch, an antecedent of
Abraham, is a name on which legends differ. Some
ascribe to him inconsistent piety; others exalt and
glorify his name. In Jubilees, chap. 4, he is the in-
ventor of printing; so also pseudo-Jonathan, He is the
author of several apocalyptic books (see Charles), These
legends indicate national rivalries over the creation and
development of the arts (cf. ]. 61), and the Hellenizing
tendency in the blending of oriental and Greek ideas.
Cf. a similar disposition in the Commentaries of Julius
Caesar, vi, 17.
48. On the origin of these Palestinian peoples cf.
Smith, Old Testament History, chap. v; Keane, Anthro-
pology, pp. 391 ff.; Man Past and Present, pp..490 ff.
ANONYMOUS 13
51. "AgBodrov: cf. Greek, daBodos, daBory, i. e., “the
dark one.”—Xavadv: Gen. 9:18. Xovw=Ham; LXX,
Xap, Gen. 10:6. Meorpaeiy: Mizraim, Gen. 10:6, 138.
55. Ma@ovivor\jav: Gen. 5:21 f.; LXX, Ma@ovodra.
There are here three claimants for the honor of estab-
lishing the sciences:
BABYLONIAN GREEK
Bél = Cronus Atlas = Enoch
venven Methusaleh
pisen lotane Ham = Asbolus Mizraim
Ethiopians Egyptians
JEWISH
Enoch
TO 12 generations (Gen., chaps. 5, 10, 11)
Abraham
All of which plans show the touch of the Hellenizing
Samaritan.
Il, PHILOSOPHY
ARISTOBULUS
Aristobulus was an Alexandrian Jew whose flo-
ruit fell in the reign of Ptolemy Philometor, B. 0.
170-150 (cf. Clem. Alex., Str., i, 22, 150; Eus.,
Praep. Ev., ix, 6 Eus., H. £., is in error on
this point). He is possibly the Aristobulus men-
tioned in II Macc. 1:10: «at ot év tp ’lovdaia Kal
9 ‘yepovola xal "lovdas ’ApictoBovAp SdidacKxddr@
Irorepaiov tod Baciréws, dvr dé are Tod THY ypI-
oTav tepéwy yevous, Kal tois év Aiyimr@ lovdalas,
yalpew Kal tyatvev; cf. Eus., Praep. Hv., viii, 9
end). Clement styles him a peripatetic (Str., i,
15, 72). He was a voluminous writer (v, 14, 97),
and in his book(s) shows an acquaintance with
the Greek philosophers. But he reveals his Jew-
ish spirit in his jealous claims for the antiquity of
Hebrew thought.
Aristobulus has been styled the forerunner of
Philo. His purpose seems to have been to show to
the Greeks that the Mosaic law rightly understood
would be seen to embody the best of what Greek
(peripatetic, Clem. Alex., Str., v, 14, 97) philos-
ophy taught.
Sourcss: Eusebius, viii, 10; xiii, 12; Clem., i, 22, 150;
Eus., H. E., vii, 32, 17 f.
RererEnoges: Schirer, III, pp. 384 ff.; Susemihl, IT,
pp. 629 ff.; Christ, p. 668.
77
78 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
FRAGMENT 1
Plato evidently studied and made use of our
legislation. Before his time our laws had become
known, although the translation of the entire code
dates from the time of Philadelphus.
Pavepoy bri KatnKoXovOncerv 6 WiXatwv ty Kal?
Huds vopolecla, kai havepds éeate meprerpyacmevos
&xacta tay év avrn. Sinpyjvevtar yap mpo
Anpnrplov rot Dadnpéws bi’ érépwr mpo rijs ’AneE-
5 dvdpov xai Ilepoay érixparicews, Ta TE KaTA THY
éEaywynv tHv €€ Aéyirrrou trav ‘EBpalov, que
tépwy dé TwodTaV, Kal 4 TdV yeyovdT@y amrdyTar
avrois émipavera Kal Kpatnas THS yoOpas Kal Tis
SANs vomoberlas éreEnynors, ws evdnrov elvat Tov
10 mpoeipnpevoy dirdcodov eiknpevas TorAra. yeyove
yap Todupabys, kabas cat Ilu@aydpas oka Ta
Tap’ nuiv weteveyKas eis THY éavTod Soyparortrotiay
kateyopicev, 4 8 SAn Epunvela trav bia Tod
vomouv TavTwy emt Tod mpocayopevievTos Didader-
15 fou Baciddws, cov bé mpoyovov, mpoceveyxapevou
pelCova girotipiav, Anuntplov rod Dadnpéws
Tpaywarevoamevou Ta Tepi TOUTMY,
Elva perakd riva eirray eridépe Aeyor
Aci yap AapBavev tiv Oelav paviy ov pyror
20 Adyov, AA’ Epywv katacKevas, Kabws cal bia TIS
vouobecias tuiv dAnv THY yéverty TOD Koopmou Geod
Adyous elpnxev 0 Macs. cuveyds yap dnow 颒
éxdatou ‘xal elev o eds, eal éyevero.’ Soxovet
dé ou mrepieipyacuevan TavtTa xarnkorovOnxévat
ARISTOBULUS' 19
5 tour IlvOaydpas te nal Zwxparys wal drarov,
Adyovtes axovery hwvans Oeod, THY KatacKevHY TOV
drwv cuvPewpodvres axpiBas tro Geov yeryovuiav
Kal cvvexouévny advarelrrws. ere dé xal ’Opdervs
€y TroLnpact TOY KATA TOV LepoY AdYyOY aUT@ AEyo-
#0 pevoy odtas éxtiOerar wep) Tod Svaxpateiobar Oeia
Suvdpe. Ta mdvta Kal yevnta brdpyev, Kal én
mavtwv elvat tov Oedv. Ayer 8 ovTAS.
3 : ; :
cages olwa: SedeiyOar, Stu Sid travrov éorly »
dtvayis Tod Oeod. Kxabas Sé 87 cernudyKapev
40 TepLapoovrTes Tov Sia THY Trocnuatov Ala cai Ziva-
TO yap THS Svavolas avrov eri Gedy avarréprerat:
Sudtrep ovTws Huiv elpntat. ovK aTreoiKdTwWS Ov
Tos émiCntoupevors mrpoevnvéyueOa tadra. aot
yap Tois dirocddois opororyeirar, Gre Set mrepi Oeod
4s Starnes oolas éyav, 6 uddicta TwapaKxeneveTat
Karas 7 Kal’ nas alpeois, 4 Sé Tod vépou KaTa-
oKxevy Taca TOU KAO’ Huds Trepl evoeBelas TéTaKTAL
kal Sicatocivns Kal éyxpateias Kal TOY olTTaDV
aya0av Trav kata arnOeav.
—Evs., xiii, 12; Crem., i, 22, 150
8. denpyyvevras (perfect): “For it had been translated
by others before the time of,” etc.
4. Demetrius, a native of Phalerum in Attica, was
born of a family in humble circumstances but by his
talents attained to positions of honor and responsibility.
80 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
Appointed governor of Athens by Cassander, B. o. 317,
he for six years enjoyed the confidence and esteem of
the Athenians, who, it is said, raised 360 statues in his
honor. Driven from Athens, 306, after the successes of
Demetrius Poliorcetes, he went to Alexandria where he
resided for twenty years. The founding of the museum
and library was in accord with his advice to Ptolemy
Soter.
5. The order here is not chronological, the Persian
supremacy beginning with Cyrus, 538, and being com-
plete with the conquest of Egypt, 525, by Cambyses.
9. as... . dvar: result, GGr,, 1449 ff,
11. Pythagoras was a native of Samos, a pupil of the
theologian Pherecydes, possibly of Anaximander, Tra-
dition makes him a traveler in Phoenicia, Egypt, and
Babylon, in which last he was initiated into oriental
theological mysteries and further instructed in geometry,
His teaching career is associated with Crotona in Magna
Graecia where he founded a brotherhood, ca, 520 z. o.
18. 4 8 dAn: GGr., 979. “But the translation of the
entire legal code (rv . . . . wavrwv) dates from the time
(éri rov), as is attributed (xpocayopevfévros), of King
Philadelphus, thy (i. e., Philometor: Clem., Str., 1, 22,
150— ApurroBovhos d€ €v TO TPWTW Tw mpos TOY dtAOprTOpA;
ef. Eus., ix, 6) ancestor, who achieved (thereby) greater
distinction. Demetrius Phalereus treats of the facts on
these points.” The word véyos refers to the Books of
Moses, i. e., the Pentateuch,
18. This introductory sentence is from Eusebius.
21. dAny, xrA.: “throughout the entire (account of the)
creation of the world.”
23. “But both Pythagoras and Socrates and Plato
seem to me punctiliously to have followed this when
they say they hear the voice of a god.” For a similar
claim to priority, voiced also by Clem. Alex., see Eus.,
Praep. Ev., x, 2.
ARISTOBULUS 81
82. Two extended quotations follow, the first from
Orpheus, the other from Aratus.
46. aipecis: see Fragment 2, |. 7, note.
47. waca: GGr., 979.
In the Praeparatio Fragment 2 follows the above
passage with only these introductory words between:
tovros éfys pel’ Erepu émA€yet. .
FRAGMENT 2
God gave man the Sabbath as a period for rest,
and this interval of rest is not a sign that God has
ceased to do, but that he has thus established a
perpetual order.
*Eyopuevas 8 éotiv ws 0 Geos Tov Gov Kécpov
KateckevaKe, Kal Sédwxev avdtravow piv, dia TO
Kkaxorrabor elvat Tract tiv Biorny, thy EBdounv hue
pav, 7) 9%) Kal mpwtn gvoias dv réyouto words
5 yeveots, EV @ TA TavTa curOewpeitar., petadepotto
8 ay To avo Kai érri Tis copias. To yap Tay Pas
éorw €& auTis. Kai Tives eipyKxact TOV EK TIS
aipécews Ovtes THs €« Tov Ilepirarou, Xapmrijpos
avTny éxew Takiv. axorovOodvtes yap airy cvveyas
10 @Tapayo. KatacTHcovTat di’ dou Tod Biov. aadée-
ortepov O€ Kal KaANLOY THY HueTépwy TpOyoveY TIS
elrre DOAOp@v avTHv mpd ovpavod Kal ys Uirdpyecy.
To 5¢ other éort TO mpoeipnucvm. 7d dé dvaca-
povpevoy Sia THs vowoleclas atrotemavKdva TOV
15 Gedy ev avty, TOUTO OvY, ws TLVEes UTroAauBavover,
pnneére troveiy Te Tov Oeov KabéotynKev, aAr’ él TO
KaTamreTravKevat THY Tae avTa@Y OUTwS eis TaYTA
Tov xpdvov tetaydvar. aonualver yap ws év &§
82 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAEOO-JEWISH WRITERS
Huéepars errolnoe Tév Te ovpavov Kal THY HY Kai
0 TavTa Ta év avTois, iva Tovs ypdvous dnaocy Kal
Thy Taki mpoelrn ti Tivos mporepel. Tatas yap,
olrws avTa cuvéye: Kal ov peratroel. Staweraddyxe
& yuiv avrny évvomoy, évexev onpeiov tod rept
neds €BdSduov Adyou KabeotaTos, év @ yvaow
25 éyouev avOpwrivev Kai Oelwy tpaypatwv. i
éSdoudbwv Sé nai was 0 Kdopmos KUKNEiTAL TOY
Cworyovoupever Kal Tav duouévov amrdvrav, Tod dé
caSBarov aitiy mpocaryopeverOar Sieppnveverat
avarravots ovca. diacadpei dé cal “Opnpos xai
30 ‘Halodos, pereeAnddtes ex Trav hpetépav BiBr/Lov,
iepav elvat. ‘Hoiodos pev obras:
mpaTtov évy TeTpas Te Kal €Bdoun lepov Tap.
Kal waduv réyer
éBdouarn 8 abOis Napmrpov paos Herioro.
35 "Opnpos 8€ otras Ayer:
éBdoparyn 6 Arata KatnAvOe, iepov Tuap.
Kal Taku:
éBdopnov juap env, kai TO TeréXeoTO GaravTa.
Kal.
40 €Bdouary &1) of Aizromev pdov é€ "Ayépovros,
TovTo 6) onualvar, ws aro THS KaTa Wruyny Anns
kal xaxias év T@ Kata adnOevav EBdoum Oyo
KuTadidverar Ta Mpoeipnueva, Kal yvaow adn-
Gelas AauBdvopev, xabas mpoelpnrar. Aivos b€
45 Pyow ovTaS
éBdouary by of rereAcopéva TavTa TéTvKTAL.
ARISTOBULUS
Kal wad
éBdopn «iv dyabois Kai EBdoun éori yeveOAn.
éBdoun ev rpwroure Kai €Bddun éori rer«Kn.
50 KaL
éxra O¢ wavra TéeTUKTaL €v Opava doTepoevTi,
év xuxAouwt havevr’ émredAopevors EviavTois.
Ta perv ov "ApioroBovrov toaita, oroia Sé
wal KArperte rept ths avras eipntar trrobdcews,
55 yvoins dv ova TovTwYr. —Evs., xiii, 12
2. “And because life is toilsome for all, he has given
usthe seventh day asa period of rest, which jirst (Sabbath)
would naturally be called the creation of light and in
this light (lit. in which [light]) all things are con-
templated.”
4f. ay A\eyorro . . . . peradeporro av: GGr., 1327 f.
8. alpevews: a party or following, not here a schism.
Cf. Josephus in his description of the Jewish religio-
political parties, Antt., XIII, v., 9; XX, ix, 1; Jewish
War, II, viii, 14.
Tlepiurarov: Aristotle.
12. Cf. 1 Kings 4: 29; II Chron. 1: 7-13; see Prov. 3; 19.
15. rovro ody, : so Dindorf and Gaisford. Vigerus,
id non, quomodo a plerisque, accipiendum est. Heini-
chen’s text is difficult, rodro, oiy ws, xrA.
16. “But in ceasing to have established their order
thus for all time.”
20. iva... . dyrdoy: GGr., 1365; so (tva) xpoeiry.
21. ri rivos mporepd: “What precedes what,” i. e.,
cause and effect.
28. @exev: generally follows its noun, GGr., 1220, 6.
27. 7d¢caBBarov: so Gaisford and Dindorf. Vigerus:
illum autem sabbatum, hoc est requietem appellamus.
Heinichen reads, 7a, xr. See Gaisford’s note: Scrip-
84 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAEOO-JEWISH WRITERS
seratne fortasse, ra 8) caBBarov abriy rpoaayopever Oat, 0
40,46. The text here is Heinichen’s, but the readings
of Pappy and Dindorf seem better,
40. éBdoparn & jot AGropev poov éf “Ayépovros. Vigerus,
ssc gt ubi orta dies, Acherontis liquimus undas.
46. €Bésoudarn 8 not rereAcopeva wayra rérvkra. Vigerus:
soptima jamque "dies, qua cuncta exacta, rubebat.
Gaisford and Dindorf read here, é8depuary, but that is
hardly possible.
It is here not so much a question of a critical text of
Hesiod and the other poets as of the text used by
Eusebius, or, if possible, that used by Aristobulus. In
the transition to the East scribal errors must have crept
in, and quotations doubtless were frequently made from
memory.
51-52. Gaisford and Dindorf quote these two lines
separately and connect with x«ai:. Vigerus supports
Heinichen’s text, as do some of the MSS,
FRAGMENT 3
Those who see the letter only perceive nothing
of surpassing excellence, but those who have
discernment of spiritual things must acknowledge
their indebtedness to our lawgiver. The language
of our laws when rightly interpreted will be found
to embody deep philosophical meanings. These
laws are to be regarded in a perfectly natural way,
not given a mystical meaning.
TIAnv ixavas eipnudvey mpos Ta mpoKxelpeva
tntipata, érepovncas kat od, Bactred, didre on-
palverat Sia Tov veuov Tod Tap’ npiv Kat yelpes
kal Bpaxyiwv xal mpdcwrov nal wédes Kal trepira-
ARISTOBULUS 85
5 Tos éml ras Oelas Suvadpyews: & revFerat Adyou Ka-
Onxovros Kai ovn avridoEnce: Tots mrpoeipnpdvors
bp’ hav ovddv. tapaxadrdoa Sé ce BovrAopar
mpos To hvowxas AapBdvew ras éxdoxdas Kal Thy
adppofovaay évvotay rept Oeod Kpateiv nal 2 éx-
10 TWimrey eis TO pvO@dES Kal avVOpwerriVoY KaTdoTHLA.
moAAayas yap 5 Bovrerat Adyeww Oo vopmobérns
nuav Moons, éf’ érépwy mpaypnatwv Adyous Trotov-
pevos, Adyw O€ TOY KaTAa THY émipdveayv, Pvoikas
Siabdcas amayyéAre wal peyarwv mpayydrev
15 KaTacKevas. ols ue oby wdpeoti TO KANAS VvoELY
Gavualovor thy mepl avrov codlay Kal To Oeiov
avedpa, Kal? 8 Kal mpodyrys avaxexnpuxta. Ov
Eloy ob Tpoepnucvor Pirdcogor Kal mreloves ETEpoL
Kaltomtat rap’ avrod peyarXas apoppas etAnderes,
2 «a06 Kat Oavpalovra. ois dé pn petéyovor Sv-
VaLEWS Kal TUVETEWS, ANAA TH YpaTrT@ Lovoy Tpos-
Keypevos, ov aivera. peyareidy tt Stacadav.
dp£ouat Sé AapBdvev Kal? &cacrov onpatvdpevov
xa?’ Goov av @ Suvards. et Se wr TevEoMa TAXD-
25 Bods, unde trelow, 1 TO vopobery mpocarrys Thy
Groyiav, Arr’ enol tw wy Suvapdvp SarpeioOar
Ta éxelvp vevonudva. yeipes pev ovy voodvrat
mpodnArAws Kal éf’ nua Kowdtepov. Grav yap bu-
vapes €EatroorédAys ov Bactrers dv, Bovddpevds 71
0 KaTepydcacOa, Adyopev, peydAnv yeipa Eyer Oo
Baorrers, hepondvwy tav axovoytar eri rhv Siva-
pay nv eyes. émrionpalvera dé rovro nab dia ris
vopobeclas nudyv Adyav 6 Mwots odras “ev yepi
xpataia éEnjyaryey 6 Beds oe €& Alyvrrrov.” katmaduw
86 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAEOO-JEWISH WRITERS
35 ‘arog TeXo, Hyoiv 6 Heos, THY yeipa wou, Kal TaTakw
Tovs Aiyumrrious.” xal éri rod Trav xtnvav Pavarou
pnoi To Dapaw 6 Maas: ‘idod yeip xupiov état
év Tois xtHver! cov Kal ev Tact Tos év TOTS Trediols
Gavaros péyas.” adore ai yeipes él Suvapews vo-
«0 odvrat Geod. Kai yap €or vojoa: THY Tacay ioyiv
Tav avOpwrewv kai Tas évepyelas ev Tais yepalv
elvat. Sudrrep Kad@s 0 vomobérns él TO meyadeiov
weTevnvoxe, Adywv Tas ouvTEdElas yetpas elvat
Geod. aoracw 5 Bela nada dv Aéyouro Kata 7d
45 MeyaXeiov 7 TOU Kdcpou KaTacKEUH. Kal yap eri
wdvrev 6 Geos, kal wav’ broréraxrat, Kal oTacw
elrAndev date TOds aVOpwmrous KaTakapBavew axl-
vntaelvat TavTa. Néyw dé TO ToLOVTOY, wS OVOETTOTE
yéyovev ovpavos yh, yi & ovpavas, ovd’ HALOS Ge-
50 AVN AGuTrOVeA OVE GEARVN Ward HALOS, ovoe
rotapol Oadkacca, ovdé Oddacoa ToTapol. Kai
wai eri Tov Cowy Oo avTds eat Adyos. ov yap
a&vOperos éxtat Onpiov ode Onplov avOpa7os. xal
éml trav Aouraev 8 tadrav irdpyea hurav te Kal
55 él Tay dhAwv apeTaBAnTa ev earl, Tas avTds 8
év avrois TpoTras AauBave Kal POopas. 1 aTaois
ody % Oela kata Tadra dv Aéyouro, wdvTwy boxe
wévev TO Oe@. Réyerat 5é xatdBacis eri To dpos
Geta yeyovevar Sia THs ypadys Tov vemou, nal’ by
6 évouobdre Katpov, iva mdvtes Oewphawar tiv évép-
yea Tov Oeod. KxataBacis yap aitn capys éore
Kai trepl TOUTwY OV OUTws av TIS EENnynTaLTO, Bov-
Aduevos cvvTnpeiv Tov Tept Beod Adyou. SyAodrat
Yap ws To dpos éxaleTo trupl, Kabas pyow 1 vopo-
ABISTOBULUS 87
65 Geola, dua 76 Tov Oeov KataBeBynxevar cartriyyov
te hwvas kal To Tip preydpevov avuTroo Tatas elvat.
Tov yap travTos wANnOous pupiddwy ovK EXaTTOV
éxatov ywpis tav adnry(ikowv éxxrnoralopevwy
kuxrdbev tod dpous, ovx EXaccoy Nuepav TrévTE
10 OVaNS THS Teptodou TEpt avTO, KATA TravrTa TOTrOV
THS Opdoews Taow avtois Kuxddbev, ws hoav
mapeuBeRrnKoTes, TO TIP hreyduevoy EOewpetro-
@oTe THY KaTaBaciW by TOTTLKHY Elva TravTAYoD
yap o Oeds dot. addrAG THY TOD Trupos SivVapLY
75 Tapa TavrTa Oavydovoy vrdpyovaay Ova TO TravTa
avartoKerp, ovx av Gerke Hreyopevny avuTrocTaTws,
pndev éEavaricxovaay, e wy TO Tapa Tov Oeod
duvapixoy adty Tpoceln. TaV yap puopevwr év TH
dpe éxelvm éEavadioxopevor ododpas ovdev é€a-
80 vadAwoev, GAN’ everve TOV ATavTWY 4 YACN TrUPOS
aOtxros, cartrlyywov te doval sodpdrepoyv ovvn-
KovOVTO GUY TH TOU TupOs aoTpamrndSov expdvaet, (7)
TpoKelevav Opydvwy ToovTwy pndeé TOD Pwvn-
gavTos, adda bela KatTacKevy yiwopevwy TravTwv.
gs @oTe aoades elvar Sia Tavta Thy KaTaBacw THY
Delay yeyovdvat, 51a To Tovs cuvopavtas expavTiKas
éxaota KaTadapBavev, wnte TO TP KEKAVKOS, OS
mpoetpntat, undev unre TAS TOV cartTriyyov gwvas
dc’ avOpwrlvns évepyetas 7) KatacKevns opydvey
90 yivecOa, tov dé Oeov dvev tivds Secxvivat THV éav-
Tov Oia TWavT@v peyadeLorTnTa. —Evs., viii, 10
In the chapter immediately preceding (Praep. Ev.,
viii, 9) we find an introduction to this excerpt: ot xal 7
Sevrépa t&v MaxxaBaiwy év dpxy ths BiBAov pynpoveve, év
88 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
re mpos [IroXeuatov rov Baorten ovyypdppate Tovrov xai
airés S&acadd rév trpdrov. The book of II Macc. here
mentioned —a letter from Jews in Palestine to their
countrymen in Egypt—is a summary of the persecu-
tions and events in the time and following the reign of
Antiochus Epiphanes.
1. “Despite (the fact that) there has been sufficient
discussion with reference to the questions before us,
you also, O King, have mentioned that (&0rc= dri, LS.,
8. v., IT) it is shown through our law.”
2. onpaivera: better, -ovra.
4. wepiraros: “walking about,” cf. Gen. 3:8; LXX:
Kai Hxovoay THY Pwvyv Kupiov tod Oeov weptrarowTos év Te
wapadeiow TO Serivov.
5. Suvvdpews: Operation.
7. “I wish to urge you to understand these interpre-
tations in a natural way, and the mind by reasoning
(lit., arranging harmoniously) to lay hold of God, and
not to fall into the fabulous and the anthropomorphic
(LS., dvOpwmwwos, end) style.”
15. “It is possible for those who observe to perceive
clearly the wisdom that marks him and the divine spirit
whereby he has been declared a prophet.”
20. “But to those who do not share the power and
comprehension but cling to the letter only, he (Moses)
does not seem to be giving information on anything
great.”
24. av d: GGr., 1434, MT., 529.
a... . revfoua.... weiow: GMT., 445.
26. ““Nay, but on me who am unable to determine
(i. e., aright) the thoughts of that man.”
28. duvdyes: “forces,” or messengers to carry out
orders. eéfamrooréAAys: GGr., 1434.
80. yxeipa: cf. Ecclus. (LXX) 25:26: ef px wopeverau
Kata x€ipd gov a6 TOY capKGv gov ardrene adTyv, Where the
word occurs in a figurative though different sense.
ARISTOBULUS 89
88. Exod. 3:19 f. (LXX): éyw 8 of8a dre ob wrponoera
ipas Papaw Bacrrers Aiyvarrou ropevOivas, éav py META XELPOS
Kparaas* Kal éxreivas Ti xeipa matdéw Tovs Alyunrious, xtH.
87. Cf. Exod. 9:3: iSod yelp Kvpiov éréora éy roils
xryveoiv gov Tots év Tots wediows, év TE ToIs Lamots Kal év ToIs
brolvyiots Kai Tats xapyAos Kat Bovoiv cai rpoBdros Odvaros
peyas opddpa..
89. éxi Suvvapews: “in the sense of the power of God.”
40. gor. not éori, “it is possible to perceive,” Hein-
ichen, ydp éort.
44. dy Néyoro: GGr., 1328, MT., 239. |
47. GGr., 1449 ff.
51. Od\acoa: so many MSS; Heinichen, Oddaccat.
59. deta: GGr., 927.
60. tva Oewpjowor: dependent on Aé€yerar, GGr., 1365.
64. wvpi: Heinichen’s woAv lacks authority.
vopobecia: 80 the MSS. Heinichen and Gaisford read
vomoberns.
66. eva, i. e., dua 7d evar, correlated by re with 76
xara Be Bnxévac.
67 f. Exod. 19:16-25; Jos., Antt., III, v. On the
number cf. Exod. 12:37; Jos., Anét., II, xv, 1.
78. romuxyyv: local.
76. GMT., 462. Dindorf reads: dy age, GMT., 508.
“But he could not have shown the power of the fire,
surpassing every wonder, burning with irresistible
fierceness, without utterly destroying everyone (present),
had not the power of God been present in it.”
80. wupds: limit of dOixros.
91. wavrév: so the MSS despite Heinichen’s zavrds.
FRAGMENT 4
The proper date for the Passover is when the
sun is at the spring equinox, the moon at the
autumnal.
90 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
ovTo. Ta Cnrovmeva Kata THY E&odoy émrtAvorvTes
fact dev ta SiaBarhpia Ovew éerions aravtas
HeTa ionpeplay eapivav, wecovvTos Tov mpwTov
Bnvos: todto 6é evpicxecOai, TO TP@TOV TyApa
5 TOU HALAKOD, 7) HS Tives aVTaV Ovopacay, Cwoddpov
«UK OU iefudurros HAlov, 0 8€ ‘AptordBounos Tpoo-
TlOnow, @S en ef dvchyient y TOV Sia Serypiow
€opr7 pi) pdvov Tov HALov TO lonweptvov Scamropeve-
o8a Tuna, Kal cednvnv b€. Tov yap ionmepwav
10 THNnaT@Y GvTwy dvo, TOU pév eapivou, TOU Sé peETO-
Tepwov, cai Siapetpotvr@r adAnAa, Soleions te
ris rév BuaBarnplov judpas 7h Teooapeoxar
Sexdry ToD unvos med” éxtrépar, coriferas pev 7
weArVN Ti évavriav Kal Siduetpov Te ipl ordow.
15 bomep ovv éfeaorwv ev Tais APIECE S oper, écor-
Tat 88 6 6 wey Kata TO éapwwov ionmepivor, 6 HALOS,
2 THe, m 8 €& avdynns xara 76 $Owormpivor
.
lonuepurv, Hh oehjvn. |
© —Evs., H. E., vii, 32, 17f.
ey ; otro: writers mentioned by Eusebius in the pre-
‘ ceding paragraph, of whom Aristobulus was one,
7a 8uaBariipia-méoxa. The historical basis of
I baster is is found in the old Jewish Passover festival, in
its, origin either a a harvest festival (Exod. 23:14-16 BE) or
a. memorial occasion (Exod. 34:18 J), Driver, Introd.,
pp. 31f. ‘The: two features were merged (Deut. 16:1 ff.),
though they appear to have been successive events of
the festival season (Ley. 23:5). The date was the
evening of the fourteenth and the morning of the fif-
teenth of the first month (Hebrew Abib; later Nisan,
Neh, 2:1; Esth. 3: 7), though the Passover season lasted
seven days—the fourteenth to the twenty-first (Ley.
ARISTOBULUS 91
23:5; Ezek. 45:21 ff.). For the first observance in
Palestine see Josh. 5:10.
In accord with Jewish chronology the church in Asia
Minor observed the fourteenth day of Nisan, no matter
on what day of the week it fell. The Roman church
observed a Friday, the day of the week on which Jesus
died, after the March full moon,
In the Nicene Council, a. p. 325, the western custom
was made the law of the church. Hirsch in Jewish
Encyclopedia, IX, 548 ff.; Benzinger in Hneyclopedia
Biblica, II, coll. 3589 ff.; Moulton in Hastings’ Bible
Dictionary, Il, 684 ff.; Smith, Religion of the Semites,
p. 406; Hensley in Smith’s Dictionary of Christian
Antiquities, 1, 586 ff.; Moeller, History of the Christian
Church, I, 277 f., 514.
7. According to Aristobulus here two points are
essential, the spring equinox and a full moon, to pro-
duce which both sun and moon must “cross the line,”
being exactly opposite each other, at the spring and
fall equinoxes respectively, i. e., six months and one-
half of the zodiacal circle apart.
Equinoctial precession, observed by Hipparchus, s. o.
160-120, renders the vernal] equinox a variable datum.
But until the fall of Jerusalem the Jews reckoned the
fourteenth day of Nisan on the first full moon after the
spring equinox but failed to observe it in their reckon-
ing of the months. The Protopaschites of the early
church, who followed the Jewish system, consequently
varied from the rest of the church often by an interval
of a month.
Aristobulus proposes to relieve the difficulty by
employing two diametrically opposite points instead
of one.
III, POETRY
PHILO
A writer of Epic poetry, Philo (B. o. 2d cent.)
is mentioned by Josephus (Ag. Apion, i, 23),
and by Eusebius (Praep. Ev., ix, 42): 6 pévro
Parnpers Anuntpios cai Dirwy o mrpecRurepos Kal
Eurédepos. According to Clement of Alexandria
(i, 21, 141) his work (Ilept ra ‘IepovadAupa)
included some account of the kingdom and its
rulers. He was doubtless a Jew, being included
along with Democritus and Eupolemus.
Of his book three brief fragments remain.
Judging from these Philo’s style was difficult and
obscure, and though poetic in form did not con-
form to metrical rules (‘‘Klaglich gebaute Hexa-
meter.”—Susemihl).
Sourcgs: Eusebius, ix, 20, 24,27; Clement, i, 21, 141;
Josephus, Ag. Apion, i, 23.
Rererenoss: Schiirer, III, pp. 371 f.; Susemihl, IT,
pp. 654 f.; Christ, pp. 699 ff.
FRAGMENT 1
Abraham, about to offer up Isaac, is prevented
by the wonderful appearance of a ram.
@not dé wept tovtov cal Dirwv ev to TPaT@
Tov wept Ta ‘lepooddupa,
ekAvov dpxeyovoist TO pupiov ws more Oeopois
"ABpadp xAvronxés tréprepov dppare Serpaov
5 mrappacs, rANUPUpE, LEyavxyTotot Aoyio pois,
95
86 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAEOO-JEWISH WRITERS
35 ‘amrooTeNw, bnaly o beds, THY yelpa wou, Kal maTratw
rovs Aiyurrious.” Kai éri rod Tav etnvav Gavdrou
pnci T@ Papa@ 6 Mwo7s: ‘‘idod yeip xupiov éota
év Tois KTHver i wou Kal év Tact TOIS ev TOIS Trediols
Odvaros wéyas.” ore ai yeipes él duvapews vo-
40 obvTat Oeod. Kal yap ott vontat THY TWacay ioyov
Tav avOpwrev Kal tas évepyelas ev tais yepoly
elvat. Oudmrep Kada@s o vopoberns él TO meyadeiov
peTevnvoxye, Aéywv Tas cuvTedelas yeipas elvat
Geod. ordaow dé ela Kadr@s av AeyorTo KaTa TO
45 Meyadelov 7) TOU KécmoU KaTacKeUH. Kal yap emi
Tavtwy 6 Geos, Kal wavd’ inrotétaxTat, Kal oTdow
elAndev> aote Todls avOpwmrrous KaTadapBavew axi-
vnta elvat taita. Aéyw Sé Td ToLOvTOY, ws ovdETrOTE
yéyovev ovpavos yi, yi 8 odpavds, od’ HrL05 ce-
50 Ayn Adyrrovea ovde oeArVN Tad HALOS, ovdE
motamol Oddacca, ovde GarXacoa ToTapoi. «kal
Twdduv éri Trav Edw o avTds éoTs AdYyOS. ov yap
avOpwrros Extra Onplov ovdé Onplov dvOpwrros. Kal
éni trav AowTraOy Sé TavTov trdpye puTa@y Te Kal
55 él TOV dAA@v: aueTadSrAnTa ev earl, Tas avTas 8
év avrois tpomas AawSdve nal POopas. 4 oTacts
ow 7 Oela Kata TadTa ay NeyoiTO, TavT@Y UTroKel-
pévav T@ Oem. Réyerar O€ KataBacis emi TO dpos
ela yeyovevat bia THs ypadys Tod vewov, eal?’ dv
60 évouobere: Karpov, iva mavres Oewpnowor Tip évep-
yeav Tod Geod. xatdBacis yap atrn cays éote
Kal Tept TovT@Y ov oTMwS dv Tis eEnynaatTo, Bov-
Admevos cuvTypEly TOV Trepl Deod Aoyor. SnAoVTaL
yap as To épos éxaleto trupl, Kabas pyoww vop"o-
ABISTOBULUS 87
65 Jeoia, Sia TO Tov Gedy KataBeBnxévar cartriyyov
Te hovas Kal To Tip hreyopevov avuTroaTaTwS Elvat.
TOU yap TravTos mANnOovs pupiddwy ovK éXaTTOV
éxatov yopls trav adnrikov éxxAnoralopevor
kuxrAdGev tov dpous, ovK EXacooy HuEepav TrévTE
10 oans THS Tepiddou epi avTO, KATA TavTa TOTTOV
THS opdoews TWaow avrois Kuxrd\dbev, WS Roav
mapeuBeRrAnKoTes, TO TIP hrEyduevoy eOewpetto-
@ote THY KaTaBacw mr TomiKny Elva: TavTayov
yap 6 Beds dori. AdXAA THY Tov Trupos SUVapmLY
75 Tapa wavTa Oavydowoy vrdpyovcay dia TO Tavra
avartoxery, ovx av ake Preyouevnyv avuTrocraTws,
pndev éEavarloxovaay, ef wn TO Tapa Tov Oeod
Suvamixoy adty mpoceln. Tay yap puopevwn ev TO
dpe. exeivp éEavadicxopevayv apodpas ovdev é£a-
80 Vadwoev, GAN’ eperve TOY ATraVTwY % XACN TrUpOS
aOtxTos, carmriyywov te dwval cpodpdtepoy auvn-
KOvOVTO GUY TH TOU TrUpOS aaTpamnooy expavaet, 17)
TpoKeLevay opyavoyv ToovTwV pndé TOD dwv7-
cavros, AAA Oela KatacKevy yivouevwy TavTwv.
85 @oTe cages elvar dia TadTa THY KaTadBacw THV
Oelav yeyovdvat, 51a To Tos cuvopavtTas expavTLKas
éxaota KaTadapBave, untTe TO TOP KEKAUKOS, OS
Ipoeipnrat, pnoev UATE TAS TOV TaArATiyyov dovas
db’ avOpwrivns éevepyetas 4) KaTacKevns opyavev
9 ylverOat, Tov S€ Oedv avev tivds Serxvivar THY éav-
Tov Oia TdvTwv peyanedTynTAa. —Evs., viii, 10
In the chapter immediately preceding (Praep. Ev.,
vili, 9) we find an introduction to this excerpt: ob xai 7
Sevrépa tov MaxxaBaiwy év dpyy tis BiBAov pynuoveve, év
98 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
FRAGMENT 3
The overflowing spring within the walls of
Jerusalem is described,
Poi dé 6 Pidwv ev tois wepi “leporodtpav
Kphrnv elvar, Tavrny dé év pev TO yetwavt Enpalve-
ofa, ev d€ T@ Oper wANpovTOa. Reyer Se ev TH
TpaTy oUT@S
) vn opevos ry ehirepbe 76 Gap Bnéorrarov dAAo
dpxnOpov oiv dowd, peyrrrotxovo Aoerpois
pevwaros éumrirdnor Babiv pdoov éaveions,
kal ra Fs. ols mddw troBas meph ris wAnpe-
ews errideyer
10 peta yap tyupdevvor, év derious vuperotow
l¢uevov, rodvynfis, dpetvous dep ripyoow
orpwparar, kai gpa wéby Kexovipeva, KprvyS
TnAchay deixvvow tréprare. bau Bea adv.
xal ta rovros axdrovba. elra mdduv Tepl Tis
15 TOD apxrepeos xpnvns kal THS aroxeteioews Sree
ow obras
alrd 8 dp’ éxmriovor da xfovds t8poxdourr
oeakjves,
(ea
kal boa dra obras Srerar. Tooadra pev dh Ta
20 and tov "AdeEdvdpov tot Todvieropos.
—Eus., ix, 37
In the preceding chapter (36) Eusebius has quoted
from a Syrian authority a description of Jerusalem,
closing: trdpyew 8€ Kal myyiv &v TH xwply, tdwp BSaypidis
dvaBAifovcav. The quotation is too brief to form a basis
on which to reach conclusions, but the text is corrupt,
perhaps hopelessly so. Vigerus, followed by Maller
PHILO 99
and quoted by Heinichen, emends |. 6 to read: 8€pxy
Opoty ory doda peyiorov xovoAoerpois, translating: Desuper
allabens nova tum miracula vidi... . qui fons
(Heinichen, qua fons) wberrimus undas egerit, atque
sinus implet ductusque profundos.
The measure is dactyllic hexameter, ]. 6 being the
only defective verse.
10. deréous: an adjective used substantively, “with
wintry rains.”
év=“ with,” as Heb. 5.
11, Miller and Dindorf read here, tirép mipyowty
dpoor. Vigerus suggests here, twa/=“from mountain
heights.”
THEODOTUS
Living in the same period, probably a contem-
porary of Philo, Theodotus wrote a poem on
Sichem, the chief city of Samaria, the country
where once stood the Northern Kingdom, Israel.
As he calls Sichem a sacred city (tepov dou),
Theodotus was probably a Samaritan. Indeed
his poem may have been a reply to Philo’s eulogy
on the southern capital. His subject could not
have been Ilepi ‘lovda/wv as Eusebius (iv, 22 init.)
and Christ, p. 529. The basis of the work is to
be found in Gen., chap. 24. The style, metric and
all, is better than that of Philo. The writer shows
the tendency of the time to embellish the narrative,
adding touches here and there. Frequent traces
may be seen of the influence of Greek life and
culture, history and mythology.
Sources: Eusebius ix, 22.
Rererencses: Schiirer, III, pp. 372 f.; Miller, II,
pp. 207 ff.; Susemihl, IT, pp. 655 f.
FRAGMENT 1
Shechem is a fortified city in a beautiful loca-
tion between two mountains. Here ruled Emor
and his son Souchem; hither came Jacob.
Ta 6é Slepad dnor Ocddotos év T@ rept lovdalov
aro Xixipiov tov ‘Eppov rAaBety tHY dvopaciar
100
THEODOTUS 101
Tovroyv yap Kal Ktloa THY Wed, KeoOa 8 avTny
dnow év tH Tept "lovdalwy obtas:
4 8 dp’ eq dyaly re Kat alywopos Kat tdpyrA,
ovde ae Zxxev 690s Sodkiyy wddw cicadixér Oar
dypoder, ovd€ tore Opia. Aaxvqjevra Trovovow
ef abrijs dé par’ a dyxe by’ olpen daiver’ Epupvas
moins TE ahinowre Kal DAys. rav Oe peonyv
drpamiros Térpyt’, dpan, avrA@ms, év 8’ éErépwht
9 8 lepn Suxiuwv xatadaiverat, iepov dorv,
vépbev bd pily Sedunpévov. audi d& retxos
Awosv trrdpeav, td § pape airvOev Epxos.
i]
datepoy O¢ dyow avtny tio ‘EBpaiwy Kxataoxe-
Ojvat, SvvacrevovTos "Eupop: Tov yap "Eppop vidcv
yevvnoas Luyeu. gyat Se
10 évOévde, Séve, rowpevdbev wodw FAVE? “TaxwB
evpeiav Xuximwv ert 8 dvdpdor rotow éryow
dpxos Epwp ovv radi Suxeu, par’ drypée Pore.
—Ews., ix, 22
2. SodAcxy: “nor was it a long journey to get into the
city from the country,” i. e., either in point of distance
or of time.
doxev: fr. eid.
5. rav: “but between the” two mountains.
10. srowpevdbev = roiuvnfev: “Thence, O stranger, came
Jacob from the flock to the city, broad Shechem; but
over these townspeople Emor was ruler with his son
Souchem, men full of mischief.”
12. dare: fr. dws: cf. App. Rhod., Arg. i, 1:
"Apxopevos oéo, BoiBe, radaryevéewy krAea Gurov
Myyoopat, xrX.
Dionys. Areop., ix.: marépa rav purav, A€Eye, Tov abropas
dvra,, Kat Sypuovpyov, Kal ouvTypyTiKod TGV dwrav, raTnp yap
102 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
dori, 6 mapdywv Kai Typov Ta é& abrod otrw Kal 6 Oeds, rarnp
Tov pwTdv, os Kal wacys KTiceds éote Syuovpyds. So the
poet Ezekiel; Eus., Praep. Ev., ix, 29, makes a similar
use of the word: ara yevvaidy twa.
FRAGMENT 2
Jacob goes to Syria where he marries the
daughter of his cousin Laban. Eleven famous
sons and one beautiful daughter are born.
els 8’ ‘TaxwB Supinv xryvorpodov txro, kal evpt
pedOpov Evdpyrao Xarev rorapod Kedddovros
nAvoOe yap, KaxetOe Aurwv Spipeiav everv
avroxacvyvyrow. mrpoppwv virédexro Sdpovde
5 AdBayv, ds y’ of nv pév dvefids, GAA Tér’ olos
qvaccey Supins, veryevés atuo. AeAoyYXs.-
To 88 yapov Kovpys pev twréoxeTo Kol KaTévevoev
GrAoTAaTHS, Ov pnv TEAC EW ereuaiero mayTay,
GAAG SéAov ToAUeveeE Kai cis NEXOS avept eure
10 Aciay, 7 of éqv mpoyeveorépy. ovd€ puv Eumrns
aber, GA’ évonoe kaxoppadinv, kai édexro
maid’ érépyny, dpdoty & éuiyn obv Spaipoow For.
to © vieis éyevovto vow renvupevo aivas
évdexa, kal xovpn Aciva mepixadrts éxovoa
15 €ldos, éxirperrov dé S€uas Kat duvpova Oupdv.
—Evws., ix, 22
1. txro: plup. fr. ixvéouac.
5. of: GGr., 1173; cf. 1.10. ofos: = podvos.
6. venyevés aiya Aedoyxas: “having come by divine
will upon a newly found (lit. born) blood relationship.”
Svupins: GGr., 1164.
7. xatévevoe GrrAoTarns: “and promised him equip-
ment. Truly he did not plan to fulfil at all, but, rather,
plotted treachery.”
THEODOTUS 103
10. “Nevertheless it did not escape him; nay, he
saw through the deceit, and took another daughter —
married them both, sisters.”
15. érirperrov: fr. émrpépu, “comely.”
FRAGMENT 38
Gentile marriages are forbidden; the rite of
circumcision; Shechem’s treachery.
gnol dé aepl rod Seiy mepitéuverOar avtouvs 6
*laxoB8
ov yap 51 Oepurov ye 768’ “EBpaiowe réruxrat,
yap.Bpots Grobe eis ye vuotds dyeuev rrori 8Gpa-
GAN’ Goris yeveds eLevxerar evar Spoins.
elra vrroBas repl THS TepLTOMAS,
ds 300? és matpys efyyaye Siov “A Bpaap,
5 avros dm’ ovpavdbev KéXer’ dvépa mayTi ovv oikw
odpr’ aroovAjoas réaOns dro Kai p’ érédeooe:
dorepés St réruxrat, eel Oeds avros eeurre.
mwopev0eyros ovy eis THY 1rédLV TOU Eupmop Kal Tors
UroTraccopevous TapaKkanovvros tepitépverOa, eva
tov laxwP vidy To évopa Dupedva Stayv@var Tov Te
"Eppop kal tov Luyep avereiv, thv bBpw THs ader-
gis pn BovrAnOdvra wroritinas éveyneivy radra 6é
Siayvovta Aevly to GdeAb@ KowacacOa RAaBevTa
& avrov cvyxataivov él thy mpakw mapopyjnoca,
AdyLov mpodepopevov Tov Oeov averely hapevoy Trois
"ABpadp atroydvas Séka &0vn dace. dyot dé obras
Oo Lupewy pos tov Aeviy
et yap eye pvOov ye wervopevos eiut Deoio-
Secev ydp wor’ épnoe Séx’ €Ovea raolv A Bpadp.
104 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
tov 5é Oedv avtois tovroy Tov vobv éuBanety, dia 70
Tovs év Linlpos aceBeis elvar. nat dé
10 Brawre Oeds Sixipwv olxpropas, ov yap daros
els avrovs doris Ke pOAy KadOs, OvdE pey EoOAds:
ovde Sixas edixaLov dva modi ovde Oguoras,
Aotyu. & dpwpea rotow pepeAnpeva epya.
—Evs., ix, 22
7 f. “It is not in keeping with the will of God that
this has become the lot of the Hebrews, to take into the
homes sons-in-law and daughters-in-law from a strange
people.” Note repetition of relation expressed by dif-
ferent prepositions of similar meaning—els ... . ori
= mpos).
FRAGMENT 4
Emor and Shechem both die by the hand of
Simeon and Levi.
Tov ouv Aetiw nal tov Supewva eis THY ody
Kabwrriopevous eOeiv, cal mpata pev Tovs évruy-
Xavovtas avaipeiv, érevta Se nal tov Eumop cal tov
Luyeu govedoa. Adyar Se mepl THs avapécews
QUTO@V OUTS ©
as Tore Sy Supewv piv Epwp dpovoe én’ adrov,
WAHEE TE of Keharrv, Serpyy & rev év xepi Aouy.
Acie 8 ert oraipovoay, ére wovos GAAOs Gpwpe.
Toppa S€ Kai Acviv pévos doyeros, ArAaBe xairns
dTTOMEVOY yowvwv Svyiw., domera papyyvavra.
qAace O€ KAniba péonv: 80 dé Eidos d€d
onAvdyxva dia orépvev, Aime 88 Yuyy Seuas edOus.
qr
mulopévous 5é Kal Tovs érépous adeAhors THY mpakw
avtav émiBonOjaa, Kal tTHyv méduv éxtropOjaa, Kal
THY aderpHY avappvcapevous pEeTA TOY alyparoTov
els THY TaTp@av érravALy Siaxowioat. —Evs., ix, 22
THEODOTUS 105
1. "Esp: Construed with some word in the lines pre-
ceding, perhaps some verb of seeing: “When, then,
Simeon (saw) Emor, he rushed upon him.”
2. ot: a limit of riAjée.
8. dpwpe: fr. dpvumu, LS., 8.v..4=7v. “For there was
another task.”
4. “In the meanwhile Levi had rushed on, impelled
by ungovernable rage. Shechem (who was) clinging to
his knees and uttering fierce, defiant words, Levi seized
by the hair.”
6. ‘He smote him squarely on the shoulder and the
keen sword pierced through his chest into the vitals.”
7. owAddyxva, 8¢. eis, but cf. LS., dv, I, 8.
EZEKIEL
Of Ezekiel (ca. 110) we know but little, other
than that he was (and, so far as we know, the only
one) a Jewish writer of tragedies. His dramatic
work, based on the Old Testament narratives, is
comparable with the scriptural dramas of the
Middle Ages. Clement of Alexandria cites him
as: 6 ’Efexinnos 6 rav lovdacay tpayodiav trountns
and Eusebius as ’Efexrprdos 0 trav tparypoiav troinTns.
He doubtless wrote a number of tragedies, though
we know of but one, The Exodus ("Efaywyn).
From the surviving fragments it is difficult to
tell how much of the Old Testament his work
covered: the first extant passage begins with a
monologue describing the migration to Egypt.
Ezekiel embellishes his narrative with added
details. His verse, iambic trimeter, at times
doubtful because of uncertainty of text, is gen-
erally smooth, though faulty lines occur, e. g.:
ov ev Trpos Huey, 6 Oe | AaBav odbev wadpa.
Like other writers of his time, Ezekiel is a
stylist; he preserves form at the expense of nat-
uralness and spontaneity.
In name, theme, manner of treatment, and spirit
Ezekiel is clearly a Jew.
106
EZEKIEL 107
Sources: Eusebius, ix, 28, 29; Clement, i, 23, 155.
Rererences: Schiirer, III, pp. 373 ff.; Christ, p. 561;
Susemihl, pp. 658 f.
FRAGMENT 1
Pharaoh commands that the Hebrew male
children be put to death. Moses concealed by his
mother is discovered by the princess who provides
for the care of the child.
dd’ ov & TaxwB ynv Aurav Xavavaiav
KaTnr®’ éywv Alyvrroy émraxis déka
Yuyds ctv aire, Kdreyéevvnvey Todt
Aadv Kax@s mpdccovta Kai TeOALypEvor,
5 és dypt Tovrwy T&v xpdvuv KaKovpevov
KaxOv tm’ avipay Kai Suvacteias xEpos.
doy yap PUav yevvay Gus yvénuerny,
SdAov Kal? Hud roAty éunyavyicaro
Baoirets Papaw, rots pev év wALVOEdpaow
10 oixodopias re Bdpecw aixiLwv Bporors,
moves 7’ eripyou opav éxare Svopdpuv.
érata Knpiooe pev EBpaiwy yéve,
TapTEVika pire rotapov és Badippoov.
évrai0a untnp 7 TeKovo’ éxpuTTTé pe
15 rpeis pyvas, as packer. ov AaOovaoa Se
breEeOnxe, Kdopov audileiod pot,
wap’ axpa rrotapov, Adovoy eis dos Sac.
Mapiap 8 ddeAd7y pov xardrrevev 1é\as *
xazreta Ovydrnp BactrAéws aBpats 60d
20 xatndOe Aovtpois Padptvat Td éov Séuas
veov idovoa & Kai AaBoto’ avetrero,
éyvw & “EBpaiov dvra: kai rA€yer Tdde
Mapuap ddeAp7 mpocdpapotca Bacrieis,
Gres rpoddy vou waidt THd’ Evpw Taxd
25 éx r@v EBpaiwv; 7 8 éréorevoev Kopny *
108 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
porovoa. 8’ ere pntpi. Kot wapqv Tax
airy Te piyrnp Kdd\aBev p’ és dyxddas.
dirrev 5¢ Ovydrnp Baciréws * rovrov, yives,
Tpopere, Kayo puoOov drodicw ober.
80 dvopa 5¢ Mwony dvdpuole, rod yap
bypas dvetiev worapias dx’ yovos.
— Eus., ix, 28; Cuem., i, 23, 155
4. xaxas mpaooovra: “faring ill”; cf. LS., rpdoow, IV.
5. rovrwy t. xpovwv: Dindorf here reads acc. sing.
dype here is to be construed adverbially. Cf. LS., s. v.,
I, 2.
6. “ill-treated by a-wicked people and a still worse
dynasty.”
10. Cf. Exod. 1:11 ff.
11. &arz. Clement and Dindorf, here é&yr. The
Ionic forms are more natural to these writers than the
corresponding Doric and Attic, as attest such occur-
rences as, Theodotus: xovpy, dpaiy, iepy, wroins, Aasy, euarns,
VELITyEVvEes, OUpen, "Eidpyrovo, abroxacvyvyrovo, Goto, avépu(-€pa),
TONY, KAniOa, Tolcw; paiver’, Aizrev, 50, TroAvrevoe, KéXET’;
AraBe, AraOe; env and éoxer, carey, dyeuev; Philo: aivo-
yovo.o, Onxroio, ‘ABpado.o, epapayoo, ebréxvowo, Atyvrrovo,
TOIT, apxeydovorst, Opovat, Opdvorst, peyavyyToio. yxEipEeror;
roinoey, peis; and Ezekiel: @v, éoxev, éryor, rocaiv;
gore’, Onxapev.
17. dxpa: in one of the marshes draining into the
Nile— eis é\os dacv (Clem., Baév). LXX (Exod. 2:3): eis
TO €Xos rapa Tov rotapdv. The Greek was the text of the
Old Testament current in Palestine in this period. For
dxpa some MSS read 6y6@nv, i.e. “along the dike.”
LXX: kal xarerxdrevev 9 ddeAGN abrod paxpdley pabeiy Ti
TO aroBnoopevov aite.
19. dBpas: LXX (Exod. 2:5) dBpa airys mapezo-
pevovro.
EZEKIEL
20. dadpiva, xrdX. Dindorf here:
xatnAGe Aovrpois xpara Paidpivat veov
idotea & evOds nai Aa Bove’ dvedcro,
with which reading agrees Clem. As early as Clement
and Eusebius there must have been considerable varia-
tions in the text of Ezekiel’s poem.
24, Cf. LXX (Exod. 2:7): GéXes xakeow cor yuvaixa
tpopevovoay éx tay “EBpaiwy, kai OnAawea cou Td rasdiov;
29. wcbiv .... cev: “T will pay your wage.”
The compound form does not necessarily mean here, to
pay in full, as LS., dro, C, 4: the later writers preferred
the longer word to the simple form.
FRAGMENT 2
Moses concealed by his mother is discovered by
the king’s daughter and rescued from the river.
He becomes a fugitive and wanders to Europe.
érret 6€ KaLpos VyTinv mapyAGE pot,
iy pe pyrnp Bacrhidos rpos ddpara,
dravra pvbevoaca cai Adfard pou
yévos watpwov Kal Geot Swpypara.
éws pev OUY TOY TaLboS ELYoMEY XpOVOV,
tpodator Bacikxaiot Kat maderpacty
dav?’ tmurxvell’, as dro ordayyvwv éov.
eret O€ tAnpys KOATrOS HEpOv Tapyy,
eEnAfov otkwy Bactixwv * mpos épya yap
Oupos pw? avwye Kai Teyvarpa Baoiews.
bp@ dé mpatov avépas év yepav voum,
Tov pev yevos EBpaiov, tov & Aiytrniov.
idwv 8 épijous Kal mapovTa pydeva,
éppvodpnv ddeAdov, rov 8’ éxrew’ éyu.
5 éxpuya 8 dupw Tovrov, wore pay eiowetv
repov Tw’ Was Karoyupvecar povoy.
TH ‘mavpiov O¢ radu, idwy advdpas ovo.
110 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
padiora 8 avrovs ovyyevels Kaxoupévous,
Aéyw “ri ruwras doGevérrepov ober ;”
20 68 dre: “iHpiv ris 0” dréoredre Kpitav
n’ mordrny évrad0a; py reves ov pe,
worep Tov éxGés dvdpa;” xai deicas éyw
Aca: “ras eyévero cupgaves dd 5”
kat mavra Baowe tadr’ amnyyedey TaxV;
2% (nrd 8 Dapaw ryv eunv yoxnv AaBeir -
éyw 8 dxovous éxroduy peBicrapat,
cai viv wAavapar ynv én’ ddXoréppova.
elra tepl trav rov ‘Payounr Ouyardpwy odtws ém-
Bade,
ép@ dé ravras éxra wapOévous Twas.
— Kus., ix, 28; Ciem., i, 23, 155
8. dravra pvOevoaca, xrr.: “making up a marvelous
story she told me of ancient family and of gifts divinely
bestowed.”
pot: here, as in 1. 1 above, Dindorf reads, with greater
difficulty, ne. So Clement, though Klotz adds that the
more common reading is poz.
6. Cf. Acts 7:22.
7. ds .... €ov: “as though (one born) from the
royal (lit., her own, i.e., the princess’, implied from
above) womb.”
8. “When the fulness of time was past.”
9. mpds.... Baotrews: bracket, Dindorf; om. Clem.,
mpos épya yap (1.9)... . A€yw (1. 19). Bacrsnov: here
ends Clement’s quotation.
10. @pos: “anger,” LS., 8. v., 4. dvwye: old epic
perfect with present sense, “anger urged me on.”
12. rov & (see also 1. 14): Dindorf here, avd’. yéyw6’.
18. xaxovpevous: Dindorf here, zarovpevovs.
19 ff. ré rumras . . . ovpdavés rode: quoted by
Clement.
EZEKIEL 111
21. uy xreveis ov pe: py, interrogative adverb, as in
LXX, Exod. 2:14: py dveretv pe ot Oé\as, where the
Greek is a close rendering of ss4.
Soa a di Mis
FRAGMENT 38
Sepphora, in reply to Moses’ question, declares
this to be the land of Libya, her father’s domain.
AtBin pev i yp waa KrAnCeran, Seve,
oixover 8 aityv diAa ravToiwyv yevav,
Aidiomes dvdpes pédaves: dpxwv & éori ys
els, kal TUpavvos Kal OTparynAdTns MOvos.
5 dpyxe St wrdAews THaode Kai kpive. Bporovs
tepevs, ds €or’ Euod Te Kal TOUTWY TaTHp.
celta Trepl Tov Troticpov Tov OpeupaTwv SiedOwr, rept
Tov THS Lemopwpas ém¢Barra yapov, 8’ aporBalov
Tapacaywv tov te Xovp Kal tHv Lerdapay
Aeyovtas:
Spws kareurelv xXpy oe, Serpudpa, rade
Eévp: maryp pe rod’ Edwxev edvérw.”’
5 —Evs., ix, 28
1. raca: GGr., 979.
2. didAa .... wavroiwv: “clans of all sorts of nation-
alities.”
7 f{. Dindorf preserves a dialogue from this point,
assigning the first line to Sepphora, the second to Moses.
FRAGMENT 4
A vision of Moses. It is declared to be an
oracle,
éddxouy Spay Kat’ axpa. rou Opovov pwéyav
tw’ elvas péxpis otpavov BeByxéra,
2 e Lol a as
évy @ xabjobar pora yevvaiov Twa
112 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
buddy’ Exovra, cal péya. oxipetpov xepl
5 chovipy pidurray Befut 8€ por
evevere, kayW mpdobev éorabyy Opdvov.
eaakaed dé pot gapedwxerv, Kal eis Opdvov
péyav p’ elrev nabijobas. Baorruxov 5€ por €dwxe
Kal abros éxiy €x Opovev ywpiLerat
ey 8 écveidoy yav aracay Eynurdor,
xdvepOe yaias nafvmrepbev olpavod,
Kal pot Te wARnGos doTépwr mpos youvara
enint’, ey be éfis mavrTas éfnptOuncapyy,
kdpoi mapiyyey ds wapeuBody Bporav.
15 elr’ éudboBnbeis ELaviorapar €€ irvov.
o 5é trevOepos avTod Tov dvetpov émucpiver oTwS
& €eive, kaAOv wou Tour’ éorjunvev Geos.
Cuinv 8’ drav cou tatra ovpBaivy Tore.
dpa ye peyav tw’ eLavarrnoes Opovov,
kairos BpaBeioas Kai Kabyynon Bporav.
ro b¢ oe TeHeaaOa yiv GAnv oiKxovperny,
ra 0 umevepOev Kai Ta vrép ovpavov Geod,
owe Ta 7’ GvTa Ta TE mpoTOU Ta OB vETEpoY.
—Euws., ix, 29
1 f. Dindorf’s text here gives a smoother hexameter
line, but adds too many details:
éS0€ dpous kar’ dxpa Suwalov Opovov
peyav ti’ evae mexpis otpavod mruyos
mov: “somewhere;” Dindorf’s Swadov, connecting the
vision with the place of giving the Law, seems an after-
thought.
3. dara: here a royal personage is referred to; from
das, not from dias. Cf. Apollonius Rhodius, Arg., i,
1 ff.: dpxopevos oéo, Dot Be, radavyevewvy kA€a Hwtav pvyco-
pat, of Ldvrowo xara ordua wat dua wérpas, xrA. Cf. also
Dion. Areop., ix.
EZEKIEL 113
7 ff. Heinichen emends:
oxyTrov d€ wo mapedwxey «’ eis Opdvov peyav
pw’ erev xabjobor, BacrArxov S€ por Sidov
dadnpa, KavTOS €k Opovov yapi€erat:
éyw 8 eiceidov ynv dracav éyxv«dor,
x’ dvepbe yaias Kaé vrepbev otpavov-
kal pot te tTAnOos dorépwv mpos yovvara
émmr’. eyw de wavras npiOunoapnv’
KajL0l Tapyyev ws mapeuPorAx1) Bporav-
cir’ enoBybeis efavicrapat vrvov.
From this Dindorf’s text varies: mapédwxe,—xeis—p’
elrev—Kabnobor-—8’ Edwxé poor— xwpicerar.—Kavepfe—xdgv-
mepbev — ovpavod, — érurr’, — Bporav. — euoBybeis — égarr-
oray’ €€ trvov. Heinichen supports his emendation:
partim nonnulla manuscr. ope, partim conjectura,
sanari ac restitut possunt.
14. wapenBor% Bporav: “a camp of men,” a warlike
scene. Moses was called to the task of organizing and
training a horde into the semblance of a nation. To
the Jewish writers, who delighted in the glorification of
their ancient heroes, the career of Moses as deliverer,
lawgiver, and leader was a favorite theme. “He spoke
to his parents on the day of his birth and prophesied
when only three years of age.” “When only three
years of age while seated at the king’s table in the
presence of the royal retinue, Moses took the crown from
Pharaoh’s head and put it on his own,” etc. See Kéh-
ler in Jewish Encyclopedia, IX, p. 57.
16. éeive: better as Dindorf, feve; see Heinichen,
note,
18. dpa: better, dpa.
20. cerebedcba: o’ elobedoba preferred by Heinichen.
See his note.
22. mporov=mpo Tov; 8Cc. ypovov= “ere this.”
114 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
FRAGMENT 5
From the burning bush God speaks to Moses
and calls him to deliver Israel. Aaron is to be his
spokesman before Pharaoh.
mept S€ THs Katouéevns Bdrou Kal THS arrocTtanis
avrov THs mpos Papaw adv mapecaye di” apor-
Balwy tov Mochy ro Oem Siareydpevov, dyot dé
6 Moojs.
da: ri pow onpetov éx Baro rd6d«,
Tepaotiov Te Kat Bporois drurrov ov
ddvw Baros pev xaieras roAAW Trupl,
avrov 5 xAwpov way péva 7d BAaordvov.
5 ri dn; mpoeAOwv dyouar Tepdoriov
peywrrov: ov yap wiotw dvOpwmros pepe.
elra 6 Oeds alT@ Tpocomnre °
éxinxes, & dépiore, wh mpoveyyioys
Mooj, mpiv 4 Tav Gav wodav toa Beis
dyia. yap 7 yi, drod épeoryxas were °
10 6 & éx Barov cor Oeios éxAdprre Adyos °
Odpancov, ® mai, Kot Adywv dxov’ énov *
iSeiv yap Op Tv éunv dynyxavov
Ovyrov yeyOra. tov Adywv 8 Keri oor
éudy dxoveyv, Tov eat’ éyAvOa.
15 éyw Oeds cov, dy A€yas, yervytopur,
"ABpadp re x’ ‘Ioadx x’ “IaxaBov rpirov.
pynobets 8 éxeivwy Kai ér’ évav Swpnpdtur,
mapep. caoat Aadv ‘EBpaiwy éuov,
iSwv Kdxwow Kal rdvov SovAwy éuov.
20 dAN? épre kal onpotve Tois éyots Adyots,
amparov pev avtois racw EBpaios 6,09,
érata BaciXei, Ta tr’ éuod TeTaypEva,
Grws ov Aadv Tov éyov EEdyos xDovds.
EZEKIEL 115
celta wroBds tia aporBaia avtos 6 Mwons Adye
oix evAoyos répuKa, yAGcoa 8 éori pov
25 dvuadhpacros, icxvopwvos, dere wy Adyous
épors yevérOar Bactréws évavriov.
elta mpos tadta 6 Geos abt@ amoxplverat
"Adpwra méupov cov Kaotyvytov TaD,
@ mavra Aas Taf éuod Aceypéva,
xavTds AaAnoe Bacréws évavriov,
30 ov pev mpods Hpav, 6 St AaBov rev rapa.
—Evs., ix, 29
1. ré5e;: So Heinichen, but repetition of the inter-
rogation mark is unnecessary.
2. Dindorf, dmoria for dx. dv.
8. ddvw: the suddenness is startling, dyoua: GMT.,
65, but cf. LXX (Exod. 3:3), dopa: 7d dpapa rd péya
rovro: the picture here is rather Hebrew than Greek.
7. deporte: translate, “noble servant.” Note the
changing salutation: dépore, Mwoy, . . . . rat.
8 Cf. LXX (Exod. 3:5 ff.) 6 3¢ dev My eyyioys dde -
Adoat TO brddynpa ex Tv wodGy Gov, 6 yap Toros ev @ av
éornkas yn ayia éoriv.
9. Dindorf’s reading, js od yys, is impossible. éedé-
ornxas: legendum videtur éornxas, Vigerus. wé\a:
not éori; not a passing sacredness; this spot might well
have become a shrine, LS., zéAa, II.
12. “For it is impossible for one a mortal to behold
me, but to thee it is permitted (even) to hear my words,
for which (very) thing I am come.” |
16. Exod. 3:6. |
17. “Mindful of them and of my gifts yet to be
bestowed. I am here to save my people, [of] the
Hebrews.”
28. éfdyos: depending on onpave, GMT., 322.
116 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
80. jv: an awkward use of plural, but in a way
the measure of the line is preserved.
FRAGMENT 6
A dialogue. Moses’ faith in his call is
strengthened by a series of miraculous happenings.
mepi dé ris paBdov Kal Tov GAAwv TepaTwr oUTw
5.’ apnotBalov etpnxe,
®. ri & év xepoiv aoiv rovr’ éyas; Acfov rayv.
M. fa Bdov rerpamrdduy cai Bporay xoAdorpuuy.
©. pidpov mpos oddas, al droydpyrov Tax
dpdxwy yap tera: hoBepds, wore Gavpaca.
M. tod BéBdayrar, ob 3é pot wol? Dees yevor
ws poBepos, ws mréhupos * olreipov ov pe,
méppir’ idwv, méeAy b€ Toparos TpEner.
@. pndev PoBnbis; xeipa 8 éxreivas AaPe
ovpav, maAw 6@ paBdos éooel’ Horep Fv.
0 évOes 58 yelp’ «is KdAzrov, Srey Te.
idod 7d TayxGev, yeyovey domwepel yLov -
évOes wad 8’ els xdArov, éorat » womrep Tv.
—Evs., ix, 29
The dialogue form is Dindorf’s and does not appear
in Heinichen’s text.
1. Cf. Exod. 4:2 f.; Térotre éorw 1d év rH xeupl cov; 6
8e elev ‘PaBdos.
2. xoddorpuv = kohacrys.
4. dpaxwv: LXX, éqdis. The words are apparently
used synonymously even in Homer, but the mythical
dpaxov better befits the poet; ef. ll. 6 f.
5. Dindorf for od dé wor of’ reads déor06’, improving
the line.
9. Somep: Heinichen, jrep.
11 f. Carrying out Dindorf’s scheme, |. 11 should be
assigned to Moses, ]. 12 to Theos,
EZEKIEL 117
FRAGMENT 7
The plagues and the inauguration of the
Passover.
Taira 8 dnow ottw xal ’Elexiqros ev ry
"EEaywyn Aéyov, Tepl ev Tov onpelwv Tov Bedv
Tapecaywv NéEyovTa oUTWS
év THde paBdw mavTa Tomnoes KaxKd..
TpOTov pev ala wOTapLoV PunceErat,
myyai TE TaGAL Kal VodTwWY CVoTHpATA °
Barpdxwv re rAnG0s kal oxviras éuBaro xOovi.
5 érera Tedpay ols Kapuvaiav orepa,
dvaBAvoea S5é éy Bporois EAxyn mpd.
kuvopuu. 8 ne, cat Bporovs Atyurriwy
moAXous Kakdoe* peta 5¢ Tavr’ error mad
Aowwos, Gavodtvra: 8 ols éverre xapdia
10 oxAnpa: mxpav® dé odpavdv: xdAala viv
avy mupi receirat Kai vexpovs Oyoe Bporovs
Kap7oi T’ GAOvVTaAL, TeTPATOOWY TE THpATA, *
axoros 5¢ Onow Tpeis ed’ Huépas GAas,
dxpidas Te wémapw, Kat répg Ta Bowpara
15 dmavr’ dvaXwcovet Kal Kapirov xAdnv.
éxi race Tovrots TéKv’ arroxt ev® Bporoy
mpwrdyova, ratcw 0 UBpw avOpwrwy Kaxov.
Papaw 5¢ Bacrreds zreicer’ ovdey dy A€yu,
mAnV TéeKVOV aUTOD mpwroyovov ee. vEKpor
20 Kai Tore HoByGeis Aadv exrréuper TaXV *
apos Tobe Aekas racw ‘EBpaios spor,
6 pels 00’ tulvy rpOtos éviavTod wéXve*
év To 8 dwdgw Aadv eis GAAnv xOeva,
eis qv tréotyy TaTpaow EBpaiwy yévovs.
25 Ades 5€ Aa@ wavri: pyvos ov A€yw
dyopuyvia, To waoxa Gicavras Dep
TH mpooGe vuxti, aipate padtoa Oipas,
118 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
Grws waperAOy onpa Savis dyyeros.
ipeis St vuxros drra. SaicerOe Kpéa.
8 oovdy 5t Bacreds éxBard mporavt’ dxAov.
Gray 5¢ pédAnr’ dwrorpexayv, Sdow dp
Aaw, Yv”a Te rapa yuvaixos Apperar
oKevn Koopov Te rdvO’, dv dvOpwiros hépet,
xpvody Te Kai dpyupov, 75€ kai oroAas, iva
8 dv?’ dv erpagav pucbdv drodacw Bporois.
Gray 8) és tov x@pov cic édOn8’, crus
ad’ norep Hots épvyer’ Aiyvrrov dro,
éxra Siodouropotvres Wuepav Gdov,
mwavres TocaUTas Huepas eros KaTA
40 dup’ WeoGe, cai Oe~ AaTpevcere,
Ta xpwrdroKa (oa Ovovres Gea,
do” 7’ dy réxwou rapBévor wpwTus TéKva.
Tépoenixa, Savolyovra pyTpas pnt épwv.
— Eus., ix, 29
1. év: “with this rod,” preposition expressing instru-
ment, as LXX, for Hebrew 3; cf. Collins and Cowley,
Hebrew Grammar, 399, 6. ~
4. oxvimas: So LXX (Exod. 8:16 ff.). Hebrew, 035,
“gnats;” cf. Ps. 105:31 (Heb.). oxvip also signifies a
plant louse and scholars differ as to whether this plague
was one of lice or gnats (fleas; cf. the proverb, 4 oxviy
év xépq). It is claimed by some that the use of the word
in the Talmud favors the meaning “lice;” but, contra,
it is claimed by others that the word, 833, may also be
translated simply, “vermin.” The description in Exod.
8:16 ff. seems to be of something akin to the gnat, pos-
sibly the sandfly.
12. Dindorf inserts a comma after éAotvra, properly
dividing the line. Ezekiel follows the narrative of
Exodus closely:
EZEKIEL 119
Exopus EZEKIEL
(7:17) atpa alpa.
(8:2) Bdrpaxor Barpaxor
(8:16) oxvides oxvizres
(8:24) xvvopvie KUVOpUUe.
(9:4) @dvaros péyas Aotpos
(9:18 ff.) xdAaLa, rip xarala ory rupi
(10:12) dxpides oxoros (3 days)
(10:24) oxdros (3 days) dxpides
(11:5) rpwrordxot a PwToyovor
22. 6 pets 60°: Exod. 12:1 f.
26. & xounvia: dividing the month in two, i. e., by the
changes of the Moon; cf. Exod. 12:1 ff. :
29. drra: Exod, 12:9: dra rupi.
80. zporavr’: Exod. 11:1: ot mavri éxBar@ tyas
éxBody.
82. Cf. Exod. 11:1-3.
83. Better as Dindorf, oxevy.
86 ff. For the institution of the Passover as a fixed
feast, see Exod. 12:14-20. For the first observance after
entering Canaan, see Josh. 5:10 ff.
89f. “For just so many days (i. e., seven) at this
season ye shall eat unleavened bread,” etc.
FRAGMENT 8
How this (Passover) season is to be observed.
The Exodus is to mark a new date from which to
reckon time.
Kal Tad Trept THS auTHsS TavTns EopThs pnaly
érreFepyatomevov axpiBdatepov eipnévar
dvipa@v ‘EBpaiwy rode. Tov pnvos AaBe
Kata ovyyeveias mpoBara Kai pooxouvs Bowv
dpwpa, Sexdty. Kat prraxOyrw péxpe
120 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
Terpas émAdpupe dexadt, Kal mpos éoréepav
Oicavres, G7 Ta TavTa cv Tots Evdobey
odrw dayerbe ratra: mepuelwopevor,
kai xotAa rooviv trodednjabe, kai xepi
Baxrnpiav éyovres. év orovdy Te yap
Bacteds keAeioa mavras éxBadeiv yGovds,
KexAnoerat 6¢ was, stay Ovonre, def
deriv AaBovras yepoiv toowrov Kopns,
eis alpo, Bailar kat Ovyctv crabpav dvoiv,
omws maptAGy Gavaros EGpaiwy dro.
rairny 8 éopriv dearorn Typycere,
15 ép@’ jpépas dlupa. Kai ob BpwOncera
{ipyn. KaxOv yap Tovd drad\\ayy
Kai Tovde paves éLodov dudot Meds:
dpx7) 6€ pnvav Kat ypovwy ovTos méXeL.
—Evs., ix, 29
1ff. LXX reads, Exod. 12:3ff.; *ri dexary rod pyvos
rovrov AaBerwoav exagtos mpoBatov Kar’ oixov’s waTpiwr,
éxagTos mpoBatov Kar’ oixiav. “mpdBarov téAaov dpoev
eviavovov éorat tyiv. “Kat dora div duarernpypevov ews THS
TETTOPETKALOEKATYS TOU pnVOs TOVTOV, Kal opasovaw avTo wav
To wAnOos cuwvaywyns vidv ‘IopaiA mpos éomrépav.
Anpwovrat dé Tot alyaros, kai Oycovew eri trav dve0 crab yor
Kal émt THv PAw év Tois olKos év ols €ay haywow avra év
avrots. “Kal dayovTa: Ta Kpea TH VUKTL Ta’Ty GmTa Tupl, Kat
dupa éri mxpidwy gdovra. *ovx dderbe dx’ aitav dpov ovde
yunpevov ev VoaTt GAA’ 7 Orta wupi, Kehadnv gv Tols root
Kai Tois évdorbios. " ovrws d¢ payerGe avro- ai dadves Yuiov
mepielwopevat, Kal Ta Urodjpata év Tois Tooiv Uuay, Kal al
Baxrnpia év rais yepoiv tay, kal ere aird pera orovdys:
nacya, €oTw Kvypiw.
9. éxBadev: “to go out,” LS., s. v., X.
10. xexAjoera: “ Everyone shall be summoned,” f. p.
mid.; on its use passively vide Gildersleve, Syntaa,
EZEKIEL 121
281, and on the imperative sense vide ibid., 282; cf.
LS., s. v. pass., fut,
11f. Dindorf here reads d¢ .... AaBovres, i. €., Bayar
is construed as aor. mid. imper. Heinichen’s reading is
better: “When you sacrifice, the thing for you do is to
take in your hands a bunch of hyssop branches (foliage),
dip it into (the) blood, and strike (the) two door-posts
that death may pass by away from the Hebrews.”
12. For afwa Dindorf reads ea: impossible.
14, LXX reads, Exod. 12:15: dard rijs jucpas ris tpwrns
éws THS Nuepas THS EBdouns.
16. dwad\A\ayyoera: “There shall be release from
these ills.” Heinichen in the text reads dra\Aayi eooerat,
as also Vigerus, who translates:
quippe tot finem malis
hoc mense statnens pandit egressum deus.
18. ypovwv: “seasons,” i. e., reckoned time. Cf. Rev.
10:6: ypdvos ovxérs éorrat. ‘
FRAGMENT 9
The Egyptians overtake the Hebrew fugitives
at the shore of the Red Sea, which opens to allow
the Hebrews to pass but sweeps the Egyptians to
their doom. The fugitives are wonderfully pro-
tected.
@nol dé wal "Elexijros ev to Spayats TO eri-
ypahopeve "EEaywyi, rapeadyor ayyeXov Aéyorta
Thy Te TOV ‘“ESpaiwv diadecw xal thy tov Aiyurrriov
dlopav ovTas
ds yap atv dxAw 760" aptippnoer Sépov
Bacieds Papaw, pupiwv ordwv pera,
immov TE TAaTYS GpaTwY TETpAacpwY.
Kal MpPooTaTaicL Kal TapaTTaTaLS Opod,
122 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
5 qv waot ppixtos avdpav éxreraypevwv 6xXos.
meLor pev éy perourt Kat padayytxot,
deexdpouys Exovres dppacw Térovs:
immeis 8’ erage, rovs pev €€ evwvipuv,
éx deftv S€ twas Aiyurriov orparod.
10 tov wdvra 8 apiOpov npopnv éyw:
OTpaTov pupiddes Hoav éxarov evdvdpov Deus.
éret 3’ “EBpaiwy npiv qvrncey otparos,
of pev map’ dxtiyv wAnoiov BeBAnpévor
€pv0pas Oardoons joav 7Opoicpevor:
15 of pév réxvowe vyriots SiSovv Bopay,
Gpov Te Kai Sdpapoww, Eprrovo, Kore"
KTIVN TE WOAAG, Kai Sdpwv arrocKevy.
avrot 8 dvomAot wavres eis paxnv x€pos,
iddvres 7uas, nAdAaxay evdaxpuv
20 dwvnv, wpds aldépa r’ eorabyoay aOpdo,
Ocdv ratpwov. mwodds 8 hv avdpay dyxAos.
npas 88 xdppa wavras elyev ev pepe.
éral? um’ avrovs Ojnxapev mapepBor7Vv,
BeadLepavris xAnlerat rods Bporois.
25 eet d¢ Teray qAtos Suvcpats rpoo7jy,
errérxopev, OéXovres SpOpiov payny,
meroWores Naoict Kal ppikrois dmAots.
érata Ociwv dpxerat Tepactiny
Gavpaor’ idécba. nal ris e€aihyys peyas
80 orvAos vepudys €oTdAy mpd yas peyas.
mapepBorns Huav re at “EBpaiwy pecos.
Kared? 6 ‘Keivwv Hyepov Muoys, AaBwv
paBsov Oeov, ty Sy wpiv Aiyvrrw Kaka.
onpeia Kal Tepat’ eLeunyavycaro,
35 éruy’ epvopas vara Kal Erxivey mevov
Babos Oaracans. of S¢ cvpmavtes ceva
wpovoay dkels dApupas Ov arparod.
npets 8 ex’ airys wxoperOa cvvTopus,
kat’ ixvos 7’ abtav' vuKros eioedvoapev
Bondpopotvres: dpparwv & ddpvw tpoxot
s
EZEKIEL
ovk €otpedovTo, déopior 8’ Ss Hppocav.
am’ oupavov d¢ heyyos ws mupos meya
wopy rt yyivy ws pev cixafety, raphy
abrois dpuyds 6 beds. ws 8 7dy repay
joay Oaddcons, xdpa 8 eppoiPde péya
oiveyyus pov, kal Tis NAdAag’ idwv.
peiywpev oixor tpdcbey wiirrov yEpos,
Tois pev yap err’ dpuwyds, piv 8’ dOAios
GAeBpov pda" Kal cvvexrAdabn wopos
50 épvOpas Gadaoons kui orparov duwAece.
—Evs., ix, 29
Introd. dyyedov: cf. Exod. 14:19: c&jpev 6 dyyedos rod
Geo x.T.X.
1 ff. Cf. Exod, 14:15 ff,
2. Bacirets Papaw: due to the late date of the writer.
“Pharaoh” was the official title of the Egyptian rulers,
who were kings only to such peoples as so designated
their own rulers, i. e,, those under Seleucid rule.
pupiov: “with countless host.”
4. “And with outriders, too, on front and flank.”
9. rwas: Dindorf, rdvras, impossible.
11. orparot: Dindorf transfers to end of 1, 10,
Aews: “there were a million in (lit., of) this well-nigh
countless army.” Dindorf here reads Aew, i. e., “the
men of this huge army rounded a million” (A«w ?).
12. jpiv: Dindorf, ovsds. There isa break here; the
description from now on is of an observer from the side
of the Egyptians. “But when the army of the Hebrews
faced us, some of them pushed out along the shore and
stood huddled close to the Red Sea.”
18. yepds: so alsol.47. GGr.,1141. Dindorf’s yepds
is difficult of construction; GGr., 1058.
19. “They raised a plaintive ery to the God of their
fathers, as they stood huddled together, exposed to the
open air.”
124 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAEOO-JEWISH WRITERS
21. dyAos: expresses the disorganized, defenseless,
condition of the people; cf. orpards in Il. 12, 9.
28 f. The Egyptians encamped over against (vo)
the Hebrews, near a city called Beelzephon.
25. Tirdv: Titan was the sun-god, Helios, according
to the later poets. The Latin poets made Titan a son
of Hyperion, e. g., Aeneid, iv, 119:
ubi primos crastinus ortus
extulerit Titan radiisque retexerit orbem.
29. Gavpacr’: attracted to accusative, as if the subject
of infinitive limited, instead of being qualified by it.
80. weyas: The homoioteleuton, ll. 29 f., would lead
one to suspect the text, but editors agree.
84. éLeunyavycaro: “wrought;” better than Dindorf,
egeunoaro.
89. coedicapev: Dindorf, eicexipoaper.
40 ff. Exod. 14:25: xat cvvédyoer rots afovas roy dpya-
TWY GUTOV, Kal Hyayev avTOvS mera Bias.
42. Exod. 14:20f.: LXX varies from the original,
kal dee vie for FOWITMN ANN, i.e, AR is
represented in LXXx text “by BujABev
48. eixafav: “as it would seem,” s. v., ITI.
47. Exod. 14:25: xai efrav (Alex., aor.; Blass, Gram-
matik der neutestamentlichen Grischiath 21, 3) of
Alyirrw. Biywpev dro mpoowrov ‘IopayA: 6 yap Kuptos
woXeuel wept airav mpos Alyumriovs.
ipicrov xepds: “the hand of the Most High.”
49. pda: fr. goSw, which also takes an aspirate and is
sometimes so written in manuscripts. LS., épdw, init.
FRAGMENT 10
Guided by the flaming column they come to a
valley where are twelve springs and seventy palms,
A wondrous bird appears, which lords it over the
feathered kind.
EZEKIEL 125
Tept ToUTwWY Kal Tov havevTos opvéov "ECextAAros év
17 Eéaywyn rapecaye tia Aéyovta T@ Macy rept
uev Tov hovixwy Kal Tov dodeKa TnyYaV OUTWS
kparicte Mwoy, mpdoxes, olov evpopev
TOTOV, Wpos a’TH THE y’ EvaEl vary.
eorw yap, Ws Tov Kat ov Tvyxdves Spav,
éxel. 1dbev S88 deyyos eFerappe viv,
Kal evppocivys onpeiov ws TTDAOS TUpds.
évrav0a Aepov’ evpopey KardacxKioy,
bypds Te AuBadas : SayrANs xGpos Babis,
BS 3 , dwoe 9 2 a ,
Tyas APvoecwv kK’ €K plas TeTpas.
orerexy © épupva woAra howvixwv wéAE
” , € \ \ 9 id
10 éyxapzra, Sexaxis Erra, Kal érippuros
meépuxe xAoln Opéppacw xoptdcpara.
we
eira vmroBas Trepl Tov havévros opvédov dueEepyerar:
erepov dé pos Toiad’ eidopey Ldov §évov,
Oavpacrov, olov ovdérw wpaké TIs.
SurAovv yap hv 7d pijKos derov oyedov,
15 mrepotot rouiAourw Hoe xpapact.
oTnOos péev avrov ropdhupou édaivero,
oKéAn 8 puArdxpwra, Kat Kar’ abyéva
Kpokwrivos paoAdXdotow evrperilero,
Kapa Oe KoTTois Hpepors mrapehepés,
20 Kat pyrivy pev Ty KOpy mpocéBAeTeE
KUKA@: Kdpn St KoKKkos Os épaivero.
guvnv 5 ravrwv elyev exrpereotaryy.
Bacrreds 8 ravrwv dpvéwy éhaivero,
ws hv vonoa. mavta yap Ta wryv’ Spov
25 OmoOev avrov daduavr’ érécovro,
airos 6& mpdcbev, Tatipos Os youpovpevos,
éBave xparrvov Byua Baordfwv odds.
—Ews., ix, 29
126 FRAGMENTS FROM GRAECO-JEWISH WRITERS
Introd. epi rovrwv: i.e., the waters and palms in
Elim. Cf. Exod. 15:27; Num. 33:9, previously men-
tioned in the poem.
1. ™pooxes, 8C. TOV voUV.
2. mpos, xrA.: “hard by this breezy vale”: airy is
redundant in the English translation.
8. rov: “perchance.”
5. For etdpoowns Dindorf reads evppovnv.
12. érepov, xrX.: “another we saw besides these, a
strange creature, wonderful, such as no one yet has
beheld.”
19, xérros: Heinichen, xorjs, and Dindorf, xorrois,
are impossible readings.
20 f. xopy = the pupil of the eye; LS., s. v., IIT.
27. “It marched along with steady stride.”
ag?
,
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