The French refugees at the Cape

THE LIBRARY

OF

THE UNIVERSITY

OF CALIFORNIA

LOS ANGELES

Ia^^' "/^

The French Refugees
at the Cape

BY
COLIN GRAHAM BOTHA

{Of the Cape Archives).

SECOND EDITION.

CAPE TOWN :

CAPE TIMES LIMITED.
1921.

PREFACE.

1HAVE endeavoured in the following pages to give a brief
account of the arrival and settlement of the French
Refugees at the Cape in the seventeenth century. Their
coming was of some importance to the Colony, especially
with regard to farming operations. They brought with them
a knowledge of viticulture which in no small measure helped
to promote and advance the prosperity of the Cape of Good
Hope. Further, they were an aid to the general colonization
of the place. The Refugees came when there was a want
of men with a knowledge of the manufacture of wine and
brandy and of the cultivation of olives. The Dutch East
India Company had no definite scheme of colonizing its
various possessions, but an exception was made as regards
the Cape. Emigrants were sent out from time to time during
the seventeenth century, and Netherlanders came here at the
same time as the French. With regard to the latter, I have
dealt in the following pages with matters relating to their
settlement at Drakenstein, their church and their language,
and have added a list of names of those who came out from
1688 onwards. It is hoped that this list will throw some
fresh light on some of those who found a new home here. It
has been compiled from a variety of sources, and has taken
some years of careful research to complete. A little while
ago my attention was drawn to a paper read in 1895 to the
Huguenot Society in London by Captain W. H. Hinde, R.E.,
on " The Huguenot Settlement at the Cape of Good Hope."
Annexed to the publication is a list of Huguenot families of
the Cape compiled by the late Mr. C. C. de Vilhers. Upon
comparing it with my list I was pleased to see what I had
gathered was in many respects in more detail, especially as
to the place of origin and the ships in which some of the
Refugees came out. However, a debt of gratitude is due to
the late Mr. de Villiers for what he has done for the student
jnterested in genealogical studies of this country.

None but those who have undertaken the task of framing
such a list can appreciate the labour expended. Every
conceivable class of record which might throw some light
on the enquiry was examined. The result was often fruitless,

1059449

iv The French Refugees at the Cape.

whereas most unlikely sources produced a great deal of
information. The late Dr. Theal, in his " History of South
Africa," has mentioned that the list of those Refugees who
came out in the Company's ships the Boissenburg and Zuid
Beveland, are wanting both in the Archives at the Hague
and the Cape. I have been so fortunate as to discover from
odd sources in the Cape Archives the names of some of the
passengers in the latter, as well as of those who came out in
the Schelde, which is not mentioned. Reference to these is
made further on. Mention of the arrival of some batches of
Refugees in other vessels has also been made, and I have
not yet seen these in print. Of the forty emigrants that
sailed in 't Wapen van Alkmaar, I have been able to trace
only one name, that of Antonie Martin. I have considered
that the list of baptisms in the French Church at Drakenstein
(now Paarl) should be included in this book. The original is
in the handwriting of Paul Roux, the first French parish clerk
and schoolmaster. It covers the period 1694 to 1713, and
is the only existing church record kept in French. The early
registers before the close of the seventeenth century, which
no doubt were also in that language, are wanting.

The last chapter has been devoted to extracts from some
of the more important original documents in the Cape Archives
dealing with the subject of this book. An English version of
these has been given. It is hoped that the originals placed
before the reader will prove helpful to the student unable to
examine the records himself, and will also indicate the style
of document and language of the period.

I am indebted to Mr. A. H. Cornish-Bowden, Surveyor-
General of the Cape Provdnce, for permitting Mr. P. Alton, of
his staff, to reproduce the illustrations. It gives me pleasure
to acknowledge Mr. Alton's help and interest taken in the
preparation of the maps.

C. GRAHAM BOTHA.
Cape Town,

September, 1919.

CONTENTS.

Page
List of the principal documents consulted and list of
^^1 j! abbreviations .. .. ■• •• •• vi

Chapter i

2

3
4

Introduction . . . . • . • • i

The arrival of the Refugees at the Cape . . 6

The Cape at the end of the 17th Century 15

Their settlement, church and language 23

The Refugees in other countries and
those who came to the Cape

6. List of French Refugees who arrived from

1688 ..

7. Extract of baptisms in the Drakenstein

Church, 1694-1713 ; Register of
members of the Drakenstein Congre-
gation, 1715 ; Land Grants issued
to the French Refugees

8. Extracts from the principal documents

relating to the Refugees . .

43
59

Index

lOI

125
161

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page

1. Map shewing thi-: extent ok the Colony in 1688 ... 21

2. Facsimiles ok Signatures ok some ok the French

Rekugees 59

3. Map shewing position ok Farms granted to P'rench

AND Dutch Settlers up to 1700 124

vi The French Refugees at the Cape.

LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL DOCUMENTS AND
BOOKS CONSULTED.

Cape Archives.

{a) Letters Received and Despatched by the Cape to the
authorities in Holland and Batavia. Some of these
will be found printed in H. C. V. Leibbrandt's Precis
of the Archives, e.g., " Letters Received 1695-1708 " ;
" Letters Despatched, 1696-1708." The context and
reference to some of the correspondence will also be
found in his " Rambles through the Archives."

Journal or " Dag Register," a diary of daily events kept
in the Castle of Good Hope. The period 1699-1732
will be found in Leibbrandt's Precis.

Resolutions of the Council of Policy. These contain the
debates and resolutions of the Cape Government.

" Requesten " or Petitions sent to the Government. Letters
A-0 printed in Leibbrandt's Precis.

Orphan Chamber Records. The principal documents
referred to were wills, death registers, inventories and
vendu rolls. They are invaluable as regards genea-
logical information.

Muster Rolls of Freemen. A yearly roll of all burghers in
the Colony was compiled and sent to Holland. Ver-
batim copies have been made for the Cape Archives.

Court of Justice Records. Several interesting facts were
obtained from these.

" List of persons who sailed from Zeeland and appear on the
roll of those granted Letters of Freedom 1718-1791."
Verbatim copy in Cape Archives. Several names of
those who came out in ships of which the passenger
lists are wanting are to be found in this volume.

Resolutions of the Lords Seventeen. Those between 1685-
1688 relate to the Refugees. Verbatim copy.

{h) In the Stellenbosch section are to be found several series
of records which are very helpful.

Wills passed before the Secretary of the District.

Contracts passed before the Secretary of the District.

Docunicnls Consitlled. vii

Proceedings of petty cases before the Heemraden.
Burgher Muster Rolls.

Deeds Office. Original Land Grants.

Church Documents. The various baptismal and marriage
registers of the Dutch churches at Cape Town and
Drakenstein (now Paarl) were inspected. The
" Register of Members " was also very useful, dates
of deaths and removals to other centres being recorded.

Printed Books.

Those who are unable to consult the original manuscripts in
the Cape Archives will find in Leibbrandt's volumes an
Enghsh precis of some of the documents as referred to above.

Dr. G. McC. Theal's " History of South Africa."

Francois Leguat : " A new voyage to the East Indies and
his Companions." London, 1708.

Pieter Kolbe : " Naaukeurige beschrijving van de Kaap de
Goede Hoop." Amsterdam, 1727.

Francois Valentyn : " Beschrijving van Oost Indien."
Dordrecht and Amsterdam, 1726. Volume five contains
a section dealing with the Cape.

Rev. C. Spoelstia : " Bouwstoffen voor de geschiedenis der
Nederduitsche Gereformeerde Kerken in Zuid Afrika."
Amsterdam, 1906. Very useful source regarding the
congregation and church of Drakenstein. Contains
correspondence with the Classis of Amsterdam, extracts
from the church minutes of the various congregations,
and in volume two are verbatim extracts relating to the
French Refugees.

Leo Fouche, Ph. et Litt. D. : " The Diary of Adam Tas,
1705-1706." London, 1914. The diary itself is of
great value as showing the social life of the people, a
picture of the farming community, and is an aid in
the study of the causes of the discontent amongst the
farmers during the rule of Governor Willem Adriaan
van der Stel. The appendix, which deals with the
" van der Stel troubles," has much information of the
farming community of which the French Refugees
formed no small portion.

viii The French Refugees at the Cape.

Elisee Briet : " Le Protestantisme en Brie et Basse Cham-
pagne." Paris, 1885. Gives an interesting account
of the Tailleferts of Chateau Thierry.

R. L. Poole : " Huguenots of the Dispersion." 1880.

Samuel Smiles : " The Huguenots in England and Ireland."
1884.

Captain W. H. Hinde, R.E. : " The Huguenot Settlement
at the Cape of Good Hope." Lymington, 1895. Con-
tains the interesting " Notes on Huguenot families at
the Cape of Good Hope," by the late Mr. C. C. de
Villiers.

The Huguenot Society of London : Of the various publica-
tions issued by this Society the following were found helpful :

" Letters of Denization and Acts of Naturalization of Aliens
in England, 1509-1603." Edited by W. Page, F.S.A.
1893.

" Registers of the Protestant Church at Guisnes (France),
1668-1685." Edited by William Minet, F.S.A.. and
William Chapman Waller, F.S.A. 1891. This has
been useful as a help in finding out particulars of some
of the famihes who came to the Cape.

ABBREVIATIONS.

Resolutions of the Council of Policy designated as Res.

Resolutions of the Lords Seventeen, designated as Res. XVII.

" Bouwstoffen voor de geschiedenis der Nederduitsche
Gereformeerde Kerken in Zuid Afrika," C. Spoelstra,
designated as Spoelstra.

The reference to Letters Received and Letters Despatched
to and from the Cape, Holland and Batavia, and other
volumes in the Cape Archives, referred to by letter C,
the number following being the volume.

CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTION.

THE coming of the French Refugees to the Cape is one
of the most important and interesting episodes in tlie
history of South Africa. The late Dr. George McCall
Theal, in his " Histor}^ of South Africa," has presented us with
a vivid picture of the Refugees, but some additional facts
will, it is hoped, prove not uninteresting to all who are desirous
of knowing something about this particular chapter in our
history. At the time of the Revocation of the Edict of
Nantes, when thousands of fugitives from France were
seeking an asylum in various parts of Europe, the Dutch
East India Company seized the opportunity of offering to
send out some of the Refugees with other emigrants who
were willing to settle at the Cape. The Directors of the
Company, or Seventeen, as they were usually termed, saw
that the expenses of the Cape government were growing
heavy, but that the agricultural prospects were gradually
becoming favourable. It was not the policy of the Company
to carry out a general scheme of colonization of its possessions,
but an exception was made as regards the Cape. It had
undertaken by its own farming operations to supply the
passing ships with grain, meat and vegetables, but had found
this expensive and unsatisfactory. These undertakings could
be better carried out by a farming population. At a meeting
of the Seventeen held on the 3rd October, 1685, it was resolved
to send more colonists to the Cape to earn their livehhood
by agriculture, trade and other industries.^ Amongst these
were to be included French Refugees of the reformed religion.
It is clear from the despatches to the Cape that among the
objects which the Company had in view in sending out the
Refugees were first, the increase of the population, resulting
in the subsequent reduction of the numbers in the garrison
necessary for defence ; and second, the promotion of agricul-
ture and trades. Even after the main batch had arrived in
1688 we find in 1696 and 1699 such expressions in connection
with their departure for the Cape as " French Refugees who
have been sent out with the object of populating the Colony

'Res. XVII. C.200, Archives. For copy vide p. 125.

2 The French Refugees at the Cape.

and . . . maintain themselves by their trades and
handiwork," " in order to carry on agriculture under your
directions," and " to settle as agriculturists." Governor
Simon van der Stel when he heard of their coming expressed
the hope that he would find amongst them men who had a
knowledge of the vinestock and the planting of olive trees.

The idea of sending out emigrants was no new one, as this
had been suggested by Commissioners who had come out to
examine into the Company's affairs. Between 1671 and
1685 several families had come, and the attempt to induce
women to settle, especially orphan girls, had not quite met
with the success anticipated, as only a few arrived. Amongst
the Refugees to be sent in 1685 were to be those who could
make vinegar and distil brandy. They had to produce
certificates of honesty from their consistories and consider
themselves born Netherlanders. Regulations, subsequently
amended, were drawn up. But the response just then was
not encouraging, as only two or three expressed their readiness
to go. No serious steps were taken in the matter until two
years later when on the ist October, 1687, the Directors
appointed as a General Committee three members from the
Amsterdam Chamber, two from the Zeeland Chamber and
one from each of the other Chambers, all of whom were
members of the Directorate. This Committee had to decide
whether it was to the interest of the Company to send to the
Cape, and to their other possessions, some French Piedmontese
and fugitives, who professed the reformed religion, and, if so,
on what footing and conditions. On the 6th October the
Committee sent in their report,^ upon which it was resolved
that the decision of the 3rd October, 1685, should remain in
force with certain amendments.

Amongst the French were to be included some exiled
Piedmontese or " men of the valleys our co-religionists "
(de uytgeweecken Piedmontoisen off dalluyden onse geloofs-
verwanten). Those who wished to go to the Cape were to
present themselves at the Amsterdam and Zeeland Chambers,
and if accepted as suitable emigrants were to be accommodated
on the outgoing ships of the Company. They were promised
a French minister to hold divine service for them. Both
the regulations, which were to guide them, and the oath of
allegiance which they were obliged to take, were translated
into the French language. ^

The agreement and regulations' drawn up provided for a
free passage in their ships to all those who wished to come

' For extract from this report vide p. 126.
* Ibid. ' Vide p. 130.

Jntroducticn. 3

out as colonists. They were only allowed such luggage as
was necessary for their use, and that was to be according
to the discretion of the Seventeen. They were permitted to
take as much specie as they liked, and were to earn their
living at the Cape by agriculture, trade or any industry.
As agriculturists they were to be given as much land in owner-
ship as they could till, and such implements and cattle as
they might require, but the price of these was to be refunded
to the Company in corn or otherwise. Those going, whether
married or single, were to remain in their new settlement
for five years, which period could be reduced by special
request to the Directorate. Those wishing to return to
Europe after the five years were to pay their own passages.^
Pecuniary assistance towards procuring an outfit was to be
given to each one according to whether he were married
or single.^

The oath of allegiance which they were required to take
was as follows' : —

Serment, Oath,

Que doivent prester les Per- To be taken by the Free-

sonnes libres & estant hors le men not in the service of the

service de la Compagnie, qui Company, proceeding to the

vont au Cap de Bonne Esper- Cape of Good Hope before set-

ance avant que de partir de ce ting out from this country,
pais.

Je promets et jure d'estre I promise and swear to bear

soumis et fidelle a leurs true and faithful allegiance to

hautes puissances les Estats their High Mightinesses the

Generaux des Provinces Unies, States General of the United

nos Souverains Maistres et Provinces our Sovereign

' Ordre en reglement, waer op de kameren zuUen vermogen eenige
Luyden en Familien, daer onder mede begrepen Fransche Vluchte-
lingen, soo oock uytgeweeckene Piemontoisen of Dalluyden, haer
voorkomende, te transporteren en over te brengen nae de Cabo de
Bonne Esperance. Annexure to Letter 19. 12. 1687 from Delft to Cape.
C.512. For text vide p. 130.

==The amounts advanced to all the settlers at the Cape were entered
in a book specially kept by the Company, and in 1719 a list of such
as were still debtors, with the amount of their debt, was compiled.
In proportion to the number of French Refugees who came out and
did receive assistance from the Company,, not many of their names
appear on this list. No doubt the greater number had managed by
their industry to wipe out their obligations. A list of the debtors is
given on p. 128.

'Unsigned printed copy in the French language in Cape Archives*
Printed in Spoelstra's ' Bouwstoffen," vol. 2, p. 644; also in the
early series of the Z.A. Tijdschrift.

The French Refugees at the Cape.

Seigneurs, a Son Altesse,
Monseigneur le Prince
d' Orange, comme Gouverneur,
Capitaine et Amiral General,
et ail Directeurs de la Com-
pagnie Generale des Indes
Orientales de ce pais, Pareille-
ment au Gouverneur General
des Indes, ainsi qu'a tons les
Gouverneurs Commandants,
et autres qui durant le Voyage
par Mer et ensuite par terre
auront commandement sur
nous. Et que j'observeray et
executeray, fidellement, et
de point en point, toutes les
loix et ordonnances, faites ou
a faire tant par Messieurs
les Directeurs, par le Gouver-
neur General et par les Con-
seillers, que par le Gouverneur
ou Commandant du lieude ma
residence, et de me gouver-
ner et comporter en toutes
choses comme un bon et
fidelle sujet.

Ainsi Dieu M'aide.
Fait et arrest e dans I'assem-
blee des Dix Sept. le 20
Octobre, 1687.

On the i6th November, 1687, the Directorate wrote to
Commander Simon van der Stel and told him of their decision
to send out the fugitives with a clergyman. Amongst them,
he was informed, he would find wine farmers and brandy
distillers who might thus supply the wants so much com-
plained of by him. They instructed the Commander to
supply the new arrivals with the necessaries for their sub-
sistence until such time as they were settled and able to
earn for themselves. They were to be treated on the same
footing as the Dutch emigrants who had been sent out from
time to time. These fugitives, they said, were destitute of
everything, but were industrious and easily satisfied.^

This closed the preliminary' arrangements for the emigration
of the largest batch of French settlers which came out before

Masters and Lords, to His
Highness the Lord Prince of
Orange, as Governor, Captain
and Admiral General, and to
the Directors of the General
Chartered Company of the
East Indies in the said lands,
likewise to the Governor-Gen-
eral of India, as well as to the
Governors, Commandants and
others who may be placed
over me during the voyage by
sea and afterwards on land.
That I will observe and exe-
cute faithfully, in every re-
spect, all the laws and ordin-
ances made or to be made by
the Lords Directors, the
Governor General and Coun-
cillors or Commandant of the
place of my abode, and
moreover, to regulate and
behave myself in ever}' sense
as a good and faithful subject.
So help me God.
Done and registered at the
meeting of the Seventeen on
October 20th, 1687.

'Letter, 16. 11. 1687, from Chamber of Amsterdam. C.512.
extract of this vide p 133.

For

Introduction. 5

the close of the seventeenth century. There was httle delay
in getting the families and single persons allotted to the
various ships in which they were to sail. Many, no doubt,
had a heavy feeling at their heart as they received the final
order of the Company to embark. While still in Europe they
were near to their dear ones and the land of their birth. To
go six thousand miles away, to meet hidden dangers by land
and sea, would, even in this twentieth century, make a stout
heart beat with excitement and maybe fear. We shall read
later on of the great mortality which took place during a sea
voyage in those far off days. This was only too well known
to the intending emigrants. One batch for whom all arrange-
ments of transport had been made changed their minds at
the last moment and refused to go. They gave as one of
their excuses " their aversion to the sea and long ^voyage. "^

Vide extract from letter, 2 1.7. 1688, p. 143.

CHAPTER II

THE ARRIVAL OF THE REFUGEES
AT THE CAPE.

IT is a difficult matter to realise what a voyage must have
been two hundred years ago when we think of our large
modern liners plying between Europe and South Africa.
To-day the distance is covered within seventeen days, then it
took anywhere from four to six months ; to-day the food is
kept in ice chambers, then the meat had to be salted and
cured. The ships then were small, and living and sleeping
space was limited ; some of the vessels were no longer than
one hundred and fifteen feet. Not only were the people
faced by the danger of tempestuous seas, stranding or fire,
but they also ran the risk of capture by pirates or a
foreign enemy.

Death was of frequent occurrence during the voyage, and
the means for combatting it limited. The want of fresh food,
vegetables and a limited allowance of water caused scurvy.
This played havoc with a great number, and it often ended
fatally. Water was a precious thing on board, and every
precaution was taken to preserve it. To eke out the fresh
water as long as possible, the meat and salt pork were cooked
in the salt water and thus consumed by those on board.
Water was given out on short allowance, but one or two
glasses of wine were distributed to make up for it.^

Poor people, what agonies they must have suffered some-
times, especially when passing through the tropics ! Such,
however, were the risks and discomforts which the French
Refugees who ventured to leave their country had to run
before they found an asylum in the southern hemisphere.

The ships of the Dutch East India Company that brought
out the first batches of Refugees were the Voorschooten,
Borssenburg, Oosterlandt, Berg China, Schelde, Zuid Beveland,

' " Nader consideratie off bedenckinge op eenige poincten der
remonstratie door Sr. Leendert Jansz : overgelevert wegen ' t project
van een fortresse ende plantagie te begrypen aen Cabo de Boa Esperance
ende wes meer aldaer bij tijt ende wijse ten meesten diensten van de
Compe. te verhopen." — Jan van Riebeeck. — Juni 165 1. €.505.

Arrival of Refugees. 7

and 't Wapen van Alkmaar. An extract from the resolutions
of the Seventeen on the ist April, 1688. giving the number of
Refugees from each Chamber is given on page 135. The
Voorschooten was the first ship to leave Holland, and sailed
on the 31st December, 1687. On the 13th April following
she was obliged to drop her anchors in Saldanha Bay on
account of a strong south-east wind, although her destination
was Table Bay.' Her officers considered it necessary to
remain in the bay to effect some repairs. When the Com-
mander at the Castle was informed of her arrival, he
despatched the cutter Jupiter from Table Bay with fresh
provisions. On her return she brought the Refugees safely
to the Cape.2

The Voorschooten was a flute of one hundred and thirty feet
(Dutch) long.' Twenty-two French emigrants were on board.*
Amongst them were Charles Marais of Plessis, his wife and
four children, Philippe Fouche with wife and three children,
also eight young bachelors, amongst whom were the brothers
Jean and Gabriel le Roux of Blois, and Gideon Malherbe.
Jacques Pinard and his wife Esther Fouche had been
married previous to the sailing of the Voorschooten from
Holland.5

The Oosterlandt left Middelburg on the 29th January, 1688,
and reached Table Bay on the 26th April, 1688, after a
most successful voyage of two months and ten days.^ She
was a much larger built ship than the Voorschooten, measuring
one hundred and sixty feet. She brought out twenty-four
Refugees.' One of them was Jacques de Savoye of Aeth,
a wealthy merchant. Jean Prier du Plessis of Poitiers, who
had practised as a surgeon, and Isaac Taillefert of Chateau
Thierry, a hatmaker, were also on board ; they all brought
out their wives and children.

Another of the boats to have a most successful voyage
was the flute Borssenburg, which left Texel on the 6th January,
1688. She was the smallest of the ships, as she was only one

' Letter, 3.5.1688, to Batavia, €.755, p. 131. Letter, 26.4.1688, to
Chamber Delft, C.755, p. 99.

-' Letter, 14.4. 1688, et seq. from Capt. Fs.Villerius, of the Voorschooten
in Saldanha Bay. C.513.

^ For measurements of the vessels and the number of souls they
carried, vide. Letter, 16. 11. 1687, from Chamber of Amsterdam. Letter,
14.4. 1688, from Captain of the Voorschooten, gives the total as 160
men and 32 others.

* Names to be found in list given on p. 137.

'" For lists of those who came out in the Voorschooten, Oosterlandt
and Ber^ China, vide pp. 137-140.

"Letter, 26.4.1688, to Chamber of Middelburg. C.755, P- 96-

' Names given on p. 137.

8 The French Refugees at the Cape.

hundred and fifteen feet in length. She cast anchor in the
Bay on May 12th, having suffered no deaths amongst the
passengers or crew during the voyage, and landed all those
on board in a healthy condition at the Cape. Among her
passengers was a party of " French Piedmontese fugitives."^
The list of names is wanting. I have been unable to trace
any particular individual who came out in her.

A most exciting voyage was experienced by the Schelde, a
boat of one hundred and forty feet long. She brought out
twenty-three French Refugees, men, women and children.
Seven or eight days out at sea a terrible storm sprang up,
and the skipper was compelled to put into St. Jago. On her
arrival at Porto Prayo, he was told that on the previous day
an English pirate ship had captured three ships belonging to
the English, Portuguese and Dutch respectively. She sailed
away almost immediately, and when five days from the Cape
ran into another storm. ^ On board were several members
of the des Pres family.

On the 4th August, 1688, there arrived in Table Bay the
Berg China, which had left Rotterdam on the 20th March
previously. The Berg China was of the same dimensions as
the Oosterlandt. There were thirty-four French fugitives^ on
board when she set sail, but the greater portion of the thirty
who died on the voyage were Refugees."*

When the Zuid Beveland, a vessel as big as the Voorschooten,
sailed from Holland on the 22nd April, 1688, she had on
board twenty-five Refugees, eleven men, four women and
ten children. Amongst them was an important person whose
arrival had been eagerly looked forward to by those who had
come earlier to the Cape shores. This person was the Revd.
Pierre Simond of Embrun in Dauphine, lately minister at
Zirikzee. He was to play an active part in the early history
of the French community at Drakenstein. Reverend Simond,
whose name has been perpetuated to-day in the Drakenstein
Valley by the place Simondium, was accompanied by his
wife, Anne de Berault. Amongst the soldiers on board
belonging to the Dutch East India Company was Sergeant
Louis de Berault, brother of the minister's wife. In October,
1688, Sergeant de Berault accompanied an expedition to
Rio de la Goa to search for some wrecked seamen of the ship
Stavinisse. He afterwards settled down as a burg?ier.

'Letter, 14.5. 1688, to Batavia. C.755, p. 148.

-Letter, 14. 6.1688, to Chamber of Middelburg. C.755, P- I94-

■' Names given in the list on p. 140.

^Letter, 16.8. 1688. to Batavia. C.7S5, pp. 219-220,

Arrival of Refugees. 9

After a run of nearly four months the Zuid Beveland
dropped anchor in Table Bay on the 19th August, but it was
too late that day for anyone to come ashore. Between eight
and nine o'clock next morning the first boat shoved off for land,
but a squall of wind suddenly sprang up and upset the boat.
Soon everyone was floundering in the sea. Several of the
occupants were drowned, including Mr. Cornelis Moerkerke,
who was on his way to Malacca to take up his appointment
as Fiscal. 1 Both the Schelde and Zuid Beveland lost a number
of the French Refugees by death during the voyage. The
lists of Refugees who came out in these two vessels are not
to be found in the Archives at the Cape nor in Holland.
From other documents, however, the names of some are
found mentioned as having arrived with her. For instance,
the Schelde brought out Charles Prevot, wife and three
children, Hercules des Pres with wife and four children, and
Abraham Bleuset, which makes a total of twelve out of the
twenty-three who embarked. In the Zuid Beveland came
Rev. Simond and his wife, Jean le Tong, wife and two
children, Estienne Viret. Salomon de Gournay and David
Senecal, eight souls out of the number of twenty-five known
to have embarked. From the number of Refugees who had
sailed by the ist April, 1688, it is seen that more men than
women came out. After the Zuid Beveland had left, sixty-
seven men, thirty-three women and fifty-one children had
embarked in the various boats, ^ but, as we find upon com-
paring the lists of those we know set sail and those who
landed here, several of them died on the voyage or shortly
after their arrival.

About forty Refugees set sail from Texel on the 27th July,
1688, on board 7 Wapen van Alkmaar, commanded by
Captain Carel Goske, and arrived six months after, i.e., the
27th January, 1689. They lost thirty-seven persons by death
and brought one hundred and four sick ones, the latter being
placed immediately in the Company's hospital at Cape Town.
The French emigrants were sent into the country to their
new homes on the ist February, after they had been given
all the necessaries to carry on their agricultural pursuits.'
The only name I have been able to trace of those who sailed
in the Alkmaar is that of Antonie Martin.

It will be necessary to explain how it came about that
these fugitives were sent out in 7 Wapen van Alkmaar

'Letter, 2.9.1688, to Batavia ; vide also Res. 2.9.1688 and Attes-
tation 23.8.1688.

''Res. XVII, C.200. For extract, vide p. 135.
'Journal, 27.1 and 1.2. 1689.

10 . The French Refugees at the Cape.

About one thousand souls represented by two hundred
famihes, Piedmontese and Vaudois refugees, had taken refuge
in Nuremberg. Their number included agriculturists, ex-
perienced tradesmen, and four ministers ; they all expressed
a wish to go to any of the Colonies of the Dutch East or
Dutch West India Companies, but on condition that they be
allowed to settle close to each other and exercise their own
religion.' Commissioners, appointed by the Chamber of
Seventeen, enquired into the matter, and meanwhile the
French and Vaudois fugitives presented a petition asking
that certain other conditions be allowed. The petitioners had
deputed Jean Pastre Marchand as their spokesmen, who
stated that he had been requested by the Refugees at Erlagh
and the Vaudois near Nuremberg to plead their cause.^

A kindly and compassionate view was taken of the matter
by the Seventeen, who decided to settle these people at the
Cape of Good Hope, and provide them with free passages
and money, and to supply them with building materials on
credit. They were to be given provisions and treated on
the same footing as the Dutch emigrants. It was thought
that after the aged, lame and sick persons had been deducted,
there would be between six and seven hundred souls who
would be prepared to emigrate.^ Arrangements were made
for sending out two or three hundred Waldenses or Vaudoisen
in the Company's ship the Schielandt, but afterwards in
't Wapen van Alkmaar. Everything was in readiness, but
the emigrants declined to go, and the Seventeen wrote to
the Cape that " these people, being averse to the sea and
long voyage, had changed their minds and settled in Germany,
and that forty French Refugees bred to agriculture were being
sent out in 7 Wapen van Alkmaar."^

The above ships brought out the greater portion of the
French emigres to the Cape between 1688 and 1700, and
after the former date we find them arriving in small batches.
The other ships which brought some of them out were the
Zion, Vosmaar, Westhoven, Donkervliet and Driebergen. In
the Zion, which left Holland on the 8th January, 1689, and
arrived on the 6th May following, came three brothers,
Pierre, Abraham and Jacob de Villiers. Writing to the Cape
on the i6th December, 1688, the Chamber at Delft said of
them : " With this ship (the Zion) we have again permitted
the following French Refugees to sail to the Cape and earn

' Res. XVII, C.200. - Res. XVII, gedateerd 23 Maert 1688.

'Res. XVII, gedateerd 25 Maert 1688.

* Letter, 2 1. 7. 1688, from Chamber of Amsterdam. €.513. An extract
is given on p 143.

Arrival of Refugees. 11

their living as freemen, Pierre de Villiers, Abraham de Villiers
and Jacob de Vilhers, all three brothers born near la Rochelie.
We are informed that these persons have a good knowledge
of laying out vineyards and managing the same, and thus
we hope that the Company' will acquire their good service.
You are recommended to give them a helping hand."i

To-day the name of de Villiers is to be found throughout
the sub-continent, and descendants of Pierre de Villiers have
given us some of the cleverest men in the legal profession,
one of whom was the late Baron de Villiers of Wynberg,
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Union of South
Africa.

A sad fate overtook the ten men and women Refugees who
sailed from Holland in April, 1696, in the Vosmaar. The
voyage had been most disastrous. When she arrived in
October she had lost ninety-three persons by death, five of
whom were of the French emigrants. Of the rema'mder of
two hundred and thirty-six persons who were mostly sick
and in a weak condition, only four were left in a good state
of health. 2 The Middelburg Chamber wrote to van der Stel
that at the request of these French Refugees they had been
given permission to proceed to the Cape, and that the Com-
pany in granting this did so with the object of populating
the Colony. The Directors expressed the hope that they
would not be a trouble to the Colony, but that each one
would be able to maintain himself honestly by his trade or
handicraft. To enable them to do so the}' were to be given
as much help as the orders of the Seventeen required.^

Of the five survivors who arrived in the Vosmaar the only
name to be found is that of Jacques Bisseux of Picardy, who
became a baker.

The Donkervliet and Westhoven both came out in 1699 and
arrived on the 20th July and i6th June respectively.-* On the
25th May, 1698, the Driebergen, in command of Captain
Martin de Jeugd, destined for Batavia, left Holland. On
board were five French refugees who, upon their arrival at the
Cape on the 3rd September, 1698, settled at Drakenstein as
agriculturists. When north of the Canary Islands the
Driebergen encountered a pirate vessel, which she took to be
Turkish although the boat flew an English flag, and after
Captain de Jeugd had warned her to keep oft he fired a
broadside and shattered her sails. She left the pirate without

' Letter, 16. 12. 1688. from Chamber of Delft.

-Journal, 17. 10.1696.

'Letter, 25.4.1696, from Chamber of Middelburg. C.S18, p. 1273.

* Journal.

12 The French Refugees at the Cape.

damage.^ A despatch, dated 7th May, 1698, from the
Chamber at Delft mentioned the names of the five fugitives
sent out with the Driebergen :

Louwys de Ryck alais Louis le Riche,
Pieter Cronier alias Pierre Crosnier,
Stephen Cronier alias Estienne Cronier,
Jean van het tichelje alias Jean du Tuillet
PhiUp van Kenan alias PhiHppe Drouin.^

When the newcomers landed everything had been arranged
to receive and convey them to their new homes along the
Berg River in the Drakenstein Valley. In 1687 this beautiful
and fertile valley had been named by Commander Simon
van der Stel after one of the family seats in Holland of the
High Commissioner, Hendrik Adriaan van Reede, Lord of
Mydrecht, who had come out to the Cape in 1685 to inspect
the Company's affairs. In the same year twenty-three farms
along the Berg River were marked out, each measuring 60
morgen in extent, and given to a like number of agriculturists.^
Six wagons were supplied b}^ the Burgher Councillors of the
Cape and six by the Heemraden of Stellenbosch, to transfer
the new arrivals and their baggage to Drakenstein. The
Company supplied provisions which would last them for a
few months, and planks to build temporary shelters.

When the farms were allotted care was taken to scatter
the French among the Dutch farmers already settled there
and those arriving at the same time. Some were given
ground in the Stellenbosch district, but the greater number
were at Drakenstein and French Hoek. This intermingling
of the Dutch and French caused dissatisfaction among the
latter. The Landdrost and Heemraden of Stellenbosch were
requested to receive the Reverend Simond with the respect
and reverence which his office and position demanded, and
to assist him, as much as lay in their power, in erecting a
house for himself. Upon his arrival he was conveyed to his
destination in comfort and ease.

The majority of the Refugees to the Cape possessed little or
nothing when they landed. Many had escaped with only their
lives. They erected shelters which could be put up rapidly,
and did not waste time upon buildings of an elaborate nature.
It is reasonable to suppose that the first structures which
they built were of a primitive nature, and none would have
been of the class so general during the eighteenth century.

' Journal, 3.9.1698.

-Letter, 7.5.1698, from Chamber of Delft. €.519, pp. 786-787.
•Letter, 26.4.1688, to Chamber of Middelburg. C.755, pp. 40-41.
One Cape morgen = 2.11^54 English acres.

Arrival of Refugees. 13

What pioneer in a strange land has ever built his first house
with all the comforts and architectural beauty in which he
indulges when he has made headway and reaped the good
results of his work ?

We must look back upon the time, two centuries ago, and
imagine these Refugees arriving in a beautiful, extensive and
wooded valley, where wild animals such as lions and tigers
made their lair, where Hottentots in their wild state roamed
about ready to plunder the homestead. Under such condi-
tions and with little money or material, only simple and
small dwellings would have been erected. Later on, however,
when the Colony expanded and the emigrants saw the good
fruits of their labours, they built themselves better houses
with many lofty and spacious rooms.

Not long after their coming a subscription list was sent
round on their behalf among the older settlers of the Colony
and Company's servants. This was readily responded to by
contributions of money, cattle and grain. The fund was
given to Reverend Simond and the deacons of the Stellenbosch
church for distribution.' The records in referring to this
collection say that it did the older colonists credit and was
most acceptable to the Refugees.

Two years later pecuniary assistance from quite a different
source was given to the Huguenots. On the 22nd April,
1689, Commander van der Stel wrote to the Batavian Govern-
ment and complained of the extreme poverty of the French
Refugees, who, he said, would not be able to enjoy the fruits
of their work for three or four years to come ; they were being
supported by the Company and from such means as were
available from the poor fund.^ The settlers had no easy task
in preparing their land for cultivation. The ground, which
had never been tilled since the world began, was overgrown
with bush and roots, and it would take several years to
produce some return. Their life at first was full of trials ;
tools and implements had to be obtained from the Company,
to whom they became debtors. He asked that a collection
might be made for these poor people ; this would relieve the
Company of supporting them. The petition was not in vain.
Although a collection was not made, a bill of exchange for
6,000 rixdollars, or £1,250, was immediately sent over. This
bill was drawn on the Cape Government in favour of the
Reverend Pierre Simond, the pastor of the French congrega-
tion at Drakenstein.^

' Letter, 1 5.4.1689, to Chamber of Middelburg. C.755, pp. 320-321.
^Letter, 22.4.1689, to Batavia. C.755, P- S^S-

'Letter, 30.12.1689, from Batavia to which is annexed the original
bill of exchange. C.S13. A copy is given on p. 144.

14 The French Refugees at the Cape.

The money had been in the Batavian Treasury for many
years, and represented the poor fund of a church at Formosa,
one of the Dutch possessions which had been seized by the
Chinese pirate Coxinga, who had compelled the Dutch to
evacuate it. This money was taken away and placed in the
treasury at Batavia.^ On the i8th and 19th April, 1690,
the Cape Government distributed the amount amongst the
French community, who were greatly pleased with a present
so welcome in their dire distress.^ Another surprise was in
store for them the next day ; they received from the Com-
mander, through the Landdrost of Stellenbosch, a present of
oxen. They returned to their homes highly pleased, after
having thanked the Commander for his kindly feeling and
thought for them.3

' Letter, 24.5.1690, to Chamber of Amsterdam. C.755, p. 608. Vide
Valentyn beschrijving van Oost Indien, Vol. 4, p, ^S, and chap. 7, on
Zaken van Jayouan of Formosa.

' Journal 19.4. 1689. The Ust of names of those who were recipients
of this money is given in Theal. It is useful as it indicates those
Refugees who arrived in the ships the passenger lists of which are
wanting.

"Journal, 20.4.1690.

CHAPTER III.

THE CAPE AT THE END OF THE
17th century.

THE countn^ to which the French Refugees had come
was in the hands of a Chartered Company. The Dutch
East India Company had estabhshed itself here in 1652
solely with the object of having a refreshment station to
supply fresh victuals to its ships passing to and from India.
There was no idea of colonizing the Cape, for colonization,
as we understand it to-day, was not included in the policy
of the Company. Its primary object in the Indies and
sub-stations was trade. But thoughts of sending out emi-
grants to its different possessions had entered the minds of
some of its higher officials. Settlers were sent out at various
periods. The results were not satisfactory, not because
there w^as no chance of making colonization a success, but
because of the half-hearted manner in which one endeavour
after another was made. As early as 1627 Governor-General
Coen, of Batavia, seriously considered this subject, and thought
of setting up colonists in the Indies. His colonies were,
however, to be of a purely trading nature, and if they were
to prosper he thought the trade should be handed over to
the colonists. He was also anxious to start agricultural
colonies where the work was to be performed by slaves and
the superintendence by Hollanders. Joan Maetsuyker was
also one of the defenders of European colonization, and one
or two other Governors-General of Batavia spoke in favour
of it. Maetsuyker (Governor-General, 1653-1677) said that
the colonists would increase the revenue and decrease the cost
of keeping up a large garrison.^ While in general no coloni-
zation was attempted in the possessions of the Company, the
Cape was an exception, for there it had been encouraged by the
authorities. At the Cape the first colonists to settle here
were discharged servants of the Company who had been
given their freedom in 1657. They had come out during the
early days of van Riebeeck to serve their period of five years

' Geschichtlicher Ueberblick der Nederlandisch-Ostindischen Com-
pagnie," G. C. Klerk de Reus, 1894.

16 The Prench Refugees at the Cape.

according to their contract. At first the Company considered
that it could supply its ships in the bay with fresh meat,
vegetables and grain by its own undertakings, but this was
found to be very unsatisfactory and expensive. In the course
of time colonists were encouraged to settle here, and help
was given them in setting up for themselves. By the
beginning of the i8th century a fair number of burghers
had settled at the Cape, most of whom were engaged in
farming. Between 1671 and 1685 a few families from Holland
settled in South Africa as colonists, and a few years after
several orphan girls arrived. But one of the largest batches of
emigrants to come out at one time were the French Refugees.

Throughout the rule of the Dutch Company there were two
classes of Europeans, the servants of the Company and the
burgher population. 1 The latter consisted of servants who had
obtained their freedom and emigrants who had come out, and
included the children of both of these. The broad distinction
between the two was that a burgher was able to practise the
usual trades of an artisan, such as carpentry, bootmaking,
smithing, etc., carry on farming operations, and could hold
landed property which he could transmit to his heirs. The
servant could neither trade nor hold propertj^ and was
liable to be removed to any of the possessions of the Company
in the East Indies. An order of 1717 laid down that if he
obtained landed property by inheritance or marriage he was
bound to choose between keeping it and retiring from the
service or giving it up and retain his position. The Letters
of Freedom (Vrijbrieven) granted to a Company's servant on
his discharge gave him all the burgher privileges. The Com-
pany had no fixed idea of making this country a colon}', but
their primary object was to maintain a refreshment station
at the Cape. During the course of two or three generations
it became apparent that by the gradual extension and pros-
perity of the land it was being converted into an agricultural
country. The change was imperceptible and no doubt, how-
ever much it was a.gainst the wishes and expectations of the
founders, it was bound to come. When it was decided to send
out the French Refugees the colonists were in a fair way to
prosperity. About one-third of them were married, and
endeavours were being made to obtain female immigrants. As
we shall see presently, more male than female French Refugees
came out. This preponderance of males over females was
just the thing the Cape Commander had complained of
before.

' See interesting letter, 7.6.1816, from Chief Justice Truter to the
Deputy Colonial Secretary. Colonial Office .\rchives.

Cape at the end of 17th Century. 17

At the Cape the Commander was the head of the Company's
affairs and the burgher population. His rank was changed in
1691 to Governor. With his council — the Council of Pohcy —
of which he was president, he exercised executive and legis-
lative functions. This Council consisted of the Governor,
the Vice-Governor, the two military officers highest in rank,
the Fiscal, the Treasurer, the Chief Salesman and the Garrison
Bookkeeper. It had been enlarged to this extent in 1685
by High Commissioner Hendrik Adriaan van Reede. It
made laws for the Colony, levied taxes, appointed servants
of the Company to civil situations, granted lands in freehold
and gave them out on lease. Its proceedings were subjecv
to the veto of the authorities in Holland and Batavia. It
might be observed here that the burghers of the Colony
never sat as members of this Council, a grievance they referred
to a century later. But where they did have representation
was in the administration of justice. There were both
superior and inferior courts. The Court of Justice established
in 1656 sat in Cape Town, which was not known by this
designation until a century after, but was referred to as
De Kaap. In 1686 this court consisted of the Governor,
the Vice-Governor and eight members, two of whom were
Burgher Councillors. The latter were first appointed in 1657
and represented the burgher community when matters
affecting them came before the court. The Court of Justice
tried civil actions and was the only tribunal which judged
criminal cases. It was also a court of appeal to the judgments
of the inferior courts, and from its sentences an appeal could
be made to the High Court at Batavia. To relieve it of petty
civil cases an inferior court was established in 1682, and this
had power to settle causes where the amount in dispute was
less than £20 i6s. 8d. Here also the burghers were repre-
sented, for two of them sat as magistrates together with two
of the Company's servants. This court was called the Court
of Petty Cases. The Matrimonial Court also sat in the
capital, and consisted of a like number of members. It was
established in 1676 and examined persons desiring to get
married as to there being no legal impediment. It issued a
certificate to this effect, after which the banns of marriage
were published in the parish to which the couple belonged.
While the extent of the Colony was still small this involved
no hardship. During the following century it certainly did,
for it was the only court of its kind, and whether the parties
lived twenty miles or two hundred miles away they were
obliged to come up to obtain the necessary certificate. The
only district bej'ond the Cape was that of Stellenbosch and
Drakenstein. Stellenbosch had been founded in 1679 by

18 The French Refugees at the Cape.

Simon van der Stel, after whom it was called, and in 1682
a Board of Heemraden was established to settle trivial disputes
between the inhabitants. In 1685 an officer called a Land-
drost was appointed to preside over this body. Its jurisdic-
tion did not extend to questions involving sums greater than
£2 IS. 8d., when its judgment was final ; but where the amount
in dispute was beyond this and not more than £10, an appeal
could be laid before the Court of Justice. Four Heemraden
constituted this court, and they were chosen from the leading
inhabitants of the place. In all these inferior courts nomina-
tion lists of members were submitted to the Council of Policy,
from which the new members were chosen. The burgher
representatives received no salary, but undertook the work
in an honorary capacity.

The little town in Table Valley was not very large at the
close of the seventeenth century. It extended on one side
to the present Burg Street, and on the other to Plein Street.
The gardens of the Company came down to where Long-
market Street is to-day, but terminated on the other side
where the Avenue does at present. Down the two principal
streets, the Heerengracht (Adderley Street), and Keizersgracht
(Darling Street) ran a canal. Each dwelling had a garden
attached to it, and around the whole was a low wall. The
houses, the walls of which by statute had to be built not
less than 20 feet high, were made of stone and brick, and
covered with thatch. Most of the houses consisted of a
single storey. Inside the rooms were lofty and spacious,
and the " voorhuis " was as a rule tiled either with baked
tiles or blue stone quarried at Robben Island. To maintain
order and peace at night time the inhabitants were protected
by the Rattle Watchmen, who were appointed from the
biu'gher community and paid from a tax levied on each
household. The first Rattlewatch was appointed in 1686.
They patrolled the streets and after 10 p.m. called out the
hours, and in case of fire, murder or any other unusual occur-
rence sprang their rattles and raised the alarm. In 1696 the
Burgher Watch or Guard was raised in order to patrol the
town at night time " to prevent arson, robbery and other
acts of violence," or such irregularities as might be caused by
fugitive slaves and wandering rogues. The Cape burghers
had to form themselves into six companies of thirty men each,
and when their time for duty came round, had to parade at
four o'clock in the afternoon and be on guard until next
morning. This they had to do without any monetary recom-
pense, as it was one of the several duties which they as citizens
had to perform. So that the sleeping citizens were protected
by the Burgher Watch and Rattlewatch, in addition to which

Cape at the end of 17th Century. 19

the military had patrols out. To control the working of the
fire engines at a fire a Board of Firemasters was appointed
in 1691 from amongst the burghers, and in 1680 a Firemaster
had already been appointed from one of the retiring Burgher
Councillors. Each firemaster had a staff of office, on which
was engraved the Company's arms, and this he used as his
authority when directing operations or keeping the onlookers
in order. The Burgher Councillors, of whom mention has
been made, saw to matters of a municipal nature. They
looked after the cleanliness of the town, kept the streets, roads
and bridges in order and collected the taxes payable by the
citizens. They had not been granted a charter, but by the
appointment of the first Councillor in 1657 to represent the
burgher community in the Court of Justice, they had been
looked upon as representing the people. They advised the
Government on matters relating to the town and its people.
The townspeople were to a great extent dependent for their
livelihood upon the keeping of public and lodging houses
and the sale of goods to passing foreign ships. They were a
community in themselves, and had little in common with the
farming people.

The country' people led a different life from those in the
town. Their pursuits were growing grain, cultivating the
vine, and raising stock. The market for their produce was
restricted. The Company wished to maintain rigidly its
principle of monopoly, and jealously guarded against any acts
which would in the least degree deprive it of any portion of
that monopoly. The Compan\^ controlled all trade, and
whatever the burghers had to sell or required to buy had to
be sold or purchased from it, at prices fixed by the authorities.
When the Company's requirements had been satisfied,
the colonists could dispose of their produce to anyone they
chose, after permission had been received from the Governor.
The colonists frequently complained against the want of free
trade, and from time to time some relief was granted them,
but this did not alter the general position. In course of time,
as previousty mentioned, the Company gave up their agricul-
tural undertakings, in both corn-raising and cattle breeding,
and looked to the colonists for their grain, meat and wine.
In 1699 the farmers were further encouraged by being allowed
to carry on cattle barter with the natives, a trade they had
been most strictl}- prohibited from practising since the early
days of the Colony. In the same 3'ear they were also given
the right of supplying fresh meat for the Company's establish-
ment.^ But shortly after the whole aspect seemed changed.

' Regarding the monopoly of the Company, vide " Diary of Adam
Tas."

20 The French Refugees at the Cape.

The Company's officials, from the Governor downwards,
entered into competition with the farmers, although orders
had been issued by the authorities prohibiting officials from
engaging in farming operations. This caused a great amount
of dissatisfaction amongst the burgher farmers, and in 1705
the position became acute. The supply was in excess of the
demand. The farmers took steps to have their grievances
redressed, and this led to the episode in South African history
known as " the van der Stel troubles," a full account of
which is to be found in Professor Fouche's edition of Adam
Tas' Diary.

The majority of farms held during the 17th and i8th
centuries were on loan tenure. A good pasturage was
selected by the grazier, and he applied to the Government
for permission to settle there for a year. If the place was
suitable he had to renew his licence annually, but if it proved
unsuitable he would abandon it in course of time and seek
fresh pastures further afield, applying again for a new licence.
The constant migration of the stock farmers gradually led
to the extension of the Colony's boundaries. The rights of
the farmer in respect of the ground were those of a lessee ;
he had no dominium in the ground and could not sell it, but
was entitled to dispose of the buildings (opstal) which he had
erected thereon. The Government, if it so wished, had the
right of resuming occupation of the land or of not renewing
the lease, in which case it would pay him out for the value
of the opstal. This uncertainty of tenure did not as a rule
perturb the farmer, whose lease as a general practice was
always renewed. Another form of tenure was that of free-
hold, and during the eighteenth century that of quitrent was
introduced. The land given out to the Refugees along the
Berg River was granted in freehold, which allowed them to
sell or transmit it to their heirs.'

In the country district the services of the people were
impressed for carrying out road-making and other public
works. The records of the Court of Landdrost show that
several times delinquents were fined for failing or refusing
to perform work of this nature, one for not having firewood
carried for the clergyman, another for not transporting
hay, etc. All males between the ages of sixteen and sixty
had to enrol themselves in the Burgher Militia, and to come
up annually for a certain number of days for training. In
order to call the country burghers to arms signal cannon
were discharged from various high points in the surrounding
mountains.

' See "Early Cape Land Tenure," by the writer, in S.A. Law Journal,
May and August, 1919.

v^

c.

Cape at the end of 17th Century. 21

The Secretary of the District performed the clerical work
connected with the Court of Landdrost and Heemraden, and
in his presence were passed legal documents such as wills,
contracts, powers of attorney, a similar duty being performed
in the town for the Cape district by either the Secretary of
the Council of Policy or the Secretary of the Court of Justice.
In order that the laws issued from time to time should not be
transgressed by those living away from the town, a Veldwachter
(Field Guard) was appointed in 1680, ^ who was to report to
the Fiscal all non-observances of the same, and for each
conviction he enjoyed one half of the fine imposed. Later,
in 1693, two men were appointed to prevent smuggling,
killing of game in the country, and all acts contrary to the
laws.2 Complaints by or disputes between farmers were laid
before the Landdrost at Stellenbosch, and two Heemraden
were commissioned to enquire into the matter and see whether
it could not be settled amicably by them. If not, the case
was brought before the full court. Often disputes relating
to boundaries or water rights were settled in this way, and
the judgment remained binding on both parties. The Court of
Landdrost and Heemraden acted as a district council, and its
functions were in the country what the Burgher Councillors
were in the town. Persons removing from one district to
another had to obtain permission to do so, and this had to
be exhibited to the authorities of the new district in which
they had come to reside.

The revenue raised by Government was derived from
leasing the rights to sell wines, spirits, bread, meat and other
articles. These were put up to public auction and knocked
down to the highest bidder, who, by the conditions of the
lease, could only sell at the prices fixed and was thus unable to
profiteer. This system was introduced in 1673 and remained
the general practice during the rule of the Company. It was
one of the principal sources of revenue. Other sources of
revenue were derived from the tithes or tenths of the land
produce, and from a transfer duty on all immovable property.
The latter was introduced in i686,3 as it had been found that
many people disposed of their land shortly after it had been
granted them, and, since they had paid nothing for it, managed
to make a profit. If the land was sold within three years of
its being granted, no transfer could be effected unless a duty
of ten per cent, on the purchase amount had been paid, five
per cent, if within ten years, and after this period 2^ per cent.
The laws in force at the Cape were the local statutes passed

'Res. 8.4.1680. "Res. 13.1.1693.

^ Ibid, 1 6. 1. 1 686, and Placaat, 21. 1.1686.

22 The French Refugees at the Cape.

by the Governor-in-Council. These were published by the
Secretary (after 1688 in both the Dutch and French languages)
from the balcony of the Council Chamber within the Castle.
The bell was rung three times to summon everyone. Copies
were posted up at various places where the people generally
congregated or on the church door. Both in the town and
country they were at times published from the pulpit as well
as by the parish clerk from the door steps. This was the
only means the people had of learning the local law, and it
frequently happened that wind and rain or some malicious
person destroyed the copies, which necessitated many laws
being annually renewed. The other laws observed were the
Statutes of Batavia, the Groot Placaat Boek and the common
law of Holland. The Statutes of Batavia comprised the
laws passed by the Governor-General and Council at Batavia,
and the laws of the States-General and Directors of the
Dutch East India Company, and were first codified in 1642.

CHAPTER IV.
THEIR SETTLEMENT, CHURCH & LANGUAGE.

ONLY those who have been to the beautiful valley where
the first Frenchmen settled can realise what a well-
selected spot it was. The choice was good for produc-
tive purposes, while its scenic beauty gives pleasure to the eye.
Nothing could have charmed the French pioneers more than
the vast expanse of country surrounded by mountains whose
peaks the sun lit up with all its glory and radiance. If to-
day its beauty is so enchanting as to call forth words of
praise and admiration from all, how much more delightful
must it not have appeared to the Refugees, arriving after a
tedious voyage and while the sense of the great gulf between
them and their native land was still strong in their minds.
How refreshing to have seen the Berg River running its
course through the Drakenstein Valley, to have noted the
fine trees growing in abundance on the mountain slopes and
along the river banks, to have observed the tall peaks standing
like sentinels over the valley!

With what thankfulness must they not have lifted up
their eyes and with their voices praised the One Being who
had brought them in safety through perils to a land free
from religious persecutions, to a place where they could openly
confess their faith before man! Yet, like pioneers in all ages,
they must have felt the dangers which they would have to
encounter on all sides, perils of wild animals and natives.
At this time the border of the Colony did not extend very far
from where they were settled ; and for some years after the
settlement had been established at Drakenstein, even the
corpses buried in the open fields were scratched out by wild
animals.^

To-day the same part of the country is easily recognised
as being the earh' settlement of the French Refugees. The
names of the inhabitants and of many of the very old farms
show this. In choosing names for their homesteads at
Drakenstein and French Hoek they did not forget the land
of their birth. Many of the early land grants prove that

'Letter, 26.3.1713, from the Kerkenraad of Drakenstein to Classis
Amsterdam. Spoelstra, 1.129.

24 The French Refugees at the Cape.

they named them in honour of the towns and provinces in
which they were born. Some of these farms still bear their
original names, and are owned by the descendants of the
early French Refugees. Dauphine, la Cotte, Cabriere, la
Motte, Champagne, Rhone and Languedoc are only a few
of the names still familiar. Cabriere was granted in 1694
to Pierre Jourdan, and Pierre Joubert gave the name of
La Provence to his farm granted in the same year. E-^tienne
Niel called his place Dauphine.^ The early grants of land
issued to the French show that they were settled along the
Berg River, and occupied the present areas of French Hoek
(at first known as Oliphant's Hoek), Groot Drakenstein, Dal
Josaphat, township of Paarl and the surrounding country of
Wellington. A study of the map at page 124, which shows
the extent of the Settlement in 1700, will indicate how the
Refugees were scattered amongst the Dutch and other
settlers and not allocated to one particular portion. No
fairer or more fertile land could have been given these people.
From the " Paarl Rock," which towers over the town at
its base, a magnificent panoramic view of the area from
Wellington to the entrance to the Drakenstein Valley is
obtained. The Berg River winds its way through this,
and is overlooked by the high rugged mountain peaks which
at times are lit up in glorious radiance by the setting sun.
The whole portion was known as the Drakenstein Colony,
as distinguished from the Stellenbosch Colony, but came
under the jurisdiction of the Landdrost of the latter.

The emigres had not been settled many months when
they requested the Commander to be allowed a schoolmaster
to teach their children. On the 8th November, 1688, the
Company took Paul Roux into its service as parish clerk
(voorleser) and schoolmaster to the French community at
Drakenstein. He was given a salary of 25s. per month and
I2S. 6d. ration allowance. Mr. Roux came from Orange and
had arrived with one of the early batches of Refugees. He
was chosen for the post on account of his good conduct and
proofs of ability. 2 He died on the 7th February, 1723, having
filled the post for thirty-five years. There are many of his
descendants hving in the Union.

When he died there were still between twenty-five and
twenty-six members of the Drakenstein congregation who
were of the original arrivals and did not understand Dutch.
The Church Council or Consistory, therefore, asked that
another person be appointed to fill the vacancy. On the

' Vide list of land grants, p. 117.

■•'Res. 8.1 1. 1688. Extract given on p. 145.

Settlement, Church, Language. 25

23rd February, 1723,^ the Council of Policy decided that
for the present the place of the late Mr. Roux was not to
be filled, but that the Directors would be communicated
with. They knew the latters' intention was that services
in Dutch only should be conducted at Drakenstein, in order
that the people could become accustomed to that tongue.^
The Amsterdam Chamber, in reply to the Council's letter,
said, "... and although we are not much inclined to
encourage the observance of the French language in India,
and it would be better that the French colonists should make
every effort to accustom themselves to the Dutch tongue,
yet this time, however, it shall be allowed once more that
a French parish clerk be appointed at Drakenstein in the
place of the late one, but this u not to be considered a pre-
cedent for the future, since the very small number of those
who do not understand Dutch (twenty-six persons in all)
barely merits the expense of supporting a French parish
clerk. "^ The Council decided not to appoint another French
parish clerk as Mr. Hermanns Bosman, the Dutch parish
clerk of the congregation, knew French and it would be an
unnecessary expense to appoint two clerks.* Bosman was
married to a daughter of the French Refugee Abraham de
Villiers, who had a great influence with the people.

In 1700 it was felt that a sickcomforter-^ and schoolmaster
were necessary to minister to the Dutch section of the Draken-
stein congregation, as many did not understand the French
language. Jacobus de Groot of Haarlem, then on his way to
Europe from Galle, received the first appointment from the
Government in April, 1700. Mr. de Groot was well versed
in the French tongue, and had for three and a half years
diligently discharged the duties of sickcomforter at Galle.^
Seven years later the post of sickcomforter was vacant, and
on the 8th June, 1707, the Council of Policy decided to
appoint Mr, Hermanus Bosman, sickcomforter on board the
Company's ship Ovenyp, lying in the Bay.

Mr. Bosman's appointment was made upon the represen-
tations of the Reverend Engelbertus Franciscus le Boucq,^

' Res. 23.2.1723.

-Letter, 20.3.1723, to Chamber of Amsterdam. C.767, p. 241.
Vide p. 148 for extract.

'Letter, 23.6.1724, from Chamber of Amsterdam. C.539, p. 30.
Copy of original given on p. 159.

* Letter, 10.4. 1725, to Chamber Amsterdam. C.768, p. 1095.

* Or sick visitor.

•Letter, 3.4.1700, to Landdrost and Heemraden of Drakenstein ^
C.759, pp. 876-7.
' Res. 8.6.1707.

'26 The French Refugees at the Cape.

who at that time was causing some trouble to the clergy and
government. He (le Boucq) had been appointed minister
of Drakenstein, but when he found that there was no church ,
parsonage or Dutch parish clerk he refused to take up his
duties. The Government wrote to the Seventeen that they
had appointed Mr. Bosman " in order to avoid new quarrels
and cause no untimely commotion. "^ After this Bosman
conducted the services in Dutch and Mr. Roux in French,
at the houses of different farmers, except when Reverend
Beck came over from Stellenbosch, for at this time the
congregation was without a permanent clergyman.

An incident which happened while Mr. Bosman was in
office is worthy of note, for it shows how strictly the Com-
pany's servants were tied down to fixed rules and regulations.
To transgress these often meant immediate dismissal or
disrating of office. The duties of the various officials were
carefully laid down, and no one who wished to perform
them satisfactorily dared go beyond them. In the days
of Commander Jan van Riebeeck the sickcomforter, Mr.
Willem Barents Wylant, addressed his congregation in his
own words instead of reading from a printed sermon as he
was obliged to do. This came to the ears of the Batavian
authorities as well as to the clergy there. The Fxclesiastical
Court thereupon addressed the Governor-General and Council
on the matter. The latter forthwith asked van Riebeeck to
prohibit such irregular proceedings. ^

The Ecclesiastical Court also wrote to the Cape Commander
and expressed their displeasure that Mr. Wylant had trans-
gressed the instructions laid down, and that he had conducted
m the manner only permitted to a minister. " He ought to
know that he may not strike his sickle in another's harvest,
or usurp those functions which do not belong to him in con-
sequence of his not having the legal status ; this we under-
stand to be the will and commandment of our Lord Jesus,"'
they wrote.

"... sulckx verstaande dat nu en dan in 't eene en andere daar
van is afgeweeken en den dienst, so als 't een praedicant toecoms
waargenomen, ' t behoorde hem wel bekent te syn synen sickel in eenet
anderen oogst niet te staan noch aen sich die eere te trecken, die tot
noch toe, by manquement van eene wettelycke beroupinge, hem nies
toe en comt, verstaande dat sulckx is den wille ende het gebodt onset
Heeren Jesu."

Mr. van Riebeeck remonstrated with the sickcomforter and
instructed him not to continue the practice any longer. In

' Letter, 18.4.1708, to Chamber of Amsterdam. C.762, p. 590.

-Letter, 8.3.1654, from Batavia, No. 39. €.505.

"Letter, 10.3. 1654, from the Consistory at Batavia. C.505.

Settlement, Church, Language. 27

his reply to the Consistory the Commander pleaded justifi-
cation for the action, saying that Mr. Wylant had exciised
himself on account of his bad eyesight, which had obliged
him to learn the lessons by heart in order not to break
down during the service ; and thus he repeated the sub-
stance of the discourse.^

Mr. Bosman, however, had overstepped his duty in quite
another direction. In 1725 he appeared before the Council
of Pohcy and in the name of the Drakenstein Consistory
asked that, in view of the Reverend van Aken's death, the
Reverend Petrus Craan might be appointed in his place.
The appointment, said he, would please the Drakenstein
congregation very much. The Council did not hesitate to
show their absolute displeasure at the interference by Bosman,
and informed him that his procedure was improper and
disrespectful, there being no evidence to show that the
church had authorised him. They upbraided him for com-
municating with Reverend Craan without their knowledge.
They had no power to detain ministers here who were destined
for India. He was told that as a Company's servant measures
might be taken against him for his action. The Drakenstein
Consistory asked the pardon of the Council for what had
taken place, and after some correspondence the matter
dropped.^

After the arrival of the French Refugees the first church
arrangements made were that Reverend Simond should
preach at Stellenbosch and Drakenstein on alternate Sundays
until such time as a church could be built. Stellenbosch had
an established Consistory of its own, and the Refugees,
therefore, did not feel satisfied to form a portion of that
congregation. In November, 1689, they approached Simon
van der Stel and his Council with the request for permission
to have a separate congregation. Before leaving Holland
they had been promised their own clergyman. From this
they had presumed that they were to have their own con-
gregation. According to the resolutions of the Council of
the 28th of that month, it is clear that this petition was
not well received. During the debate van der Stel spoke
with impatience and some vehemence. " What," said he,
" here are men who have fled from France on account of
the religious persecutions in that country and who have
sought refuge in other countries, especially in Holland ;
men, who, that they might lead lazy and indolent lives under

' Letter, 14.8,1654, to the Reverend Tessemaker (Secy, to Consistory,)
Batavia. C.746.

-Res. 4. 1. 1725, 23. 1. 1725 and 6.2.1725.

28 The French Refugees at the Cape.

the cloak of being zealots, members and supporters of the
Protestant faith, obtained a passage to the Cape in the
Company's ships that they might earn their living as agri-
culturists and by other industry ; who have been treated
with every kindness by us, yea ! even better than our own
nation. Not only wiU they want their own church, but they
will be wanting their own magistrate, Commander-in-Chief
and Prince."

After due dehberation the Council decided to reprimand
the petitioners and bring them to their senses by advising
them to do their duty, so that their impertinences might be
checked and their plots prevented in time. The deputation was
composed of Rev. Simond, as spokesman, Jacques de Savoye,
David de RueUe, Abraham de Villiers and Louis Cordier.
They had waited outside the Council Chamber while the
debate was in progress, and were now called in. The Governor
asked the pastor to read to the deputation the oath of alle-
giance, which every Cape freeman had to take. Before
dismissing them he strictly warned them to conduct them-
selves in accordance with their oath, and in future not to
trouble him with such impertinent requests, but to be satisfied
with the Consistory at Stellenbosch.^

The Reverend Simond had some time before this addressed
a letter to the Directorate regarding the French congregation,
but no reply could, as yet, have been received. A favourable
view was, however, taken by the supreme authorities, for
they wrote to the Cape on the 17th December, 1690, and
referred to Reverend Simond's letter and the deputation of
the 28th November. They approved of a separate church
being established at Drakenstein on the following conditions :
A Church Council or Consistory {Kerkenraad) was to be
established composed of the French people, elders and deacons
were to be elected and — if such could be found — they were
to be those versed in the Dutch and French languages. A
yearly list of names was to be submitted to the Council of
Policy for approval.

One or two Political Commissioners were to be appointed
to take session in the French Consistory, and any matters
of importance, which could not very well be dealt with at
Drakenstein, should be laid before the Consistory at the
Fort or Castle, in which case deputies from Drakenstein were
to have session. The Consistory of Drakenstein was to have
control of and distribute the poor fund of the church, but
any contributions coming from any outside source {eenige

' Re3. 28.1 1. 1689. A copy of this resolution is given on p. 149.

Settlement, Church, Language. 29

sithsidien van huyten sotiden vwgen inkomcn) were to be
distributed by the combined Consistory {Grote Kerkenraet),
which was to see that proper account books were kept and
an annual statement rendered, as was the practice at Batavia.
With regard to schools; schoolmasters were to be appointed
at Stellenbosch and Drakenstein, to instruct the children
of both French and Dutch parents. They were to be men
who understood both langiaages, and were to endeavour to
teach the French children to read and understand the Dutch
language, so that they might more readily be assimilated
into the Dutch nation. To obtain this end van der Stel
was instructed not to settle the French and Dutch in separate
localities, but to mix them up together and allow them to
live among one another both at Drakenstein and Stellen-
bosch. By these means, said the Seventeen, the public
schools will have more effect for the children of both nation-
alities, and be maintained at a lesser cost.^

On the 30th December, 1691, the first Consistory of the
French congregation at Drakenstein was constituted. The
office-bearers appointed were Claude Marais, Louis de Berault
and Louis Cordier as elders, Abraham de Villiers, Pierre
Meyer, Pierre Beneset and Pierre Rousseau as deacons.
Claude Marais had already held office as deacon of the Stellen-
bosch Church the previous year, 2 and de Berault retired as
deacon from the Cape Town Church at the same time.'

From its early inception the congregation at Drakenstein
had felt the want of having a church and parsonage. For
some years divine services were held in a deserted cottage,
and afterwards in a room lent by some farmer until their
minister, Pierre Simond, obtained a piece of ground. Here
a primitive church building was erected by the members of
the congregation, and this was more of a barn^ than a place
of worship {daar wij selfs een hokie timmerde). Services were
still held here in 1713. In 1694 the Government gave them
a grant of land of forty-eight morgen, the situation of which
will be found indicated on the map at page 124. The church
was erected not far from the farm of Willem van Zijl, who
did a good business in the sale of various goods to the people
when they came to church, and who preferred to buy from him
rather than go the distance to the Cape. The growth of the

' Letter, 17. 12. 1690, from Chamber of Amsterdam. C.514, pp. 841-
843. For copy of this vide p. 152.

-Journal, 14. 12. 1690.

' Spoelstra, 2.267.

* Cf . Kolbe, 2.1 19, "... deze kerk beter na een schuur dan na
een kerk gelijkt."

30 The frcnch Refugees at the Cape.

congregation made the little church too small, and a church
and parsonage were necessary. In 1713 the Kerkenraad wrote
to the Classis of Amsterdam that they had been without a
permanent clergyman for six years, and complained of the
want of a church, parsonage and minister, as a result of which
they said, " this flourishing community, which now totals
about seven hundred souls, children and adults, is daily
becoming more unruly and degenerate, and if it continues so
will deteriorate into Hottentots." They said that the church
had become ruinous and would not stand another j^ear.
The Classis was asked that a minister be appointed who
could speak French, and even if he might not preach in
both languages, that at least he be allowed to admonish and
comfort the older members of the congregation, many of
whom did not understand Dutch, in the French tongue. As
regards the children, these were instructed in Dutch and
would in course of time learn the word of God in that lan-
guage. ^

The condition of the church building and surroundings does
not appear to have been much better some years before this.
When the Revd. le Boucq was appointed to take charge
of the Drakenstein congregation he refused to go there, and
wrote to the Classis of Amsterdam on the 14th April, 1707,
saying that he had held a consistory meeting at Drakenstein,
and, after producing his credentials, enquired about the
school and church, but learnt to his regret that there was no
parsonage, sickcomforter, Dutch parish clerk or proper grave-
yard.2 The Reverend Francois Valentyn, who visited the
Cape at different times between 1685 and 1714, mentions the
church at Drakenstein, which he says was badly built both
inside and outside and more like a barn than a church.^ In
1708 the Cape wrote to the Seventeen at Amsterdam for
authority to build, if not a church, at least a respectable
place of worship and likewise a decent house for the clergy-
man. " The services are at present conducted in a shed
or barn of very homely appearance," is the description
which they give of the place of worship at Drakenstein
{en werd thans de godsdienst daar in een hok of schuur van
zeer sober aansien nog verrigt)^

In October, 1716, severe rains and winds passed over the
country districts and caused the church at Drakenstein to

' Letter, 26.3. 1713, Kerkenraad of Drakenstein to Classis of Amster-
dam. Spoelstra, 1. 128-129.

•^ Letter, 14.4. 1707, Rev. E. F. le Boucq to the Cla.ssis of Amsterdam.
Spoelstra, 1.39.

'Valentyn, 5.36.

* Letter, 18. 4. 1708, to Chamber of Amsterdam. C.762, p 621.

Settlement, Church, Language. 31

become ruinous. The congregation was obliged to hold its
services in the old house of the minister.^ It was then
decided to break down the old building that had done service
as a church. The Consistory approached Government with
regard to the erection of a new building. Plans were sub-
mitted by the Reverend van Aken and the churchwardens,
and they received the approval of the Council of Policy in
March, 1717.^ In June a piece of ground, on which the
present church at the Upper Paarl stands, in extent 5
morgen 150 square feet, was surveyed by Mr. Evert Walraven
Cochins, the Government engineer and surveyor. It extended
on the north to the Drakenstein parsonage, east to the Berg
River, south to the place of David SenechaP and west to
the wagon road, now the main street of that place.^

A churchyard was marked off in the form of a square,
each side of which measured 35 square roods, and in the
middle it was decided to build the church, lengthwise to the
north and south. ^ On the 6th September, 1718, the first
stones were laid by Monsieur du Toit, who was followed by
the churchwardens and two Heemraden, Fran9ois du Toit
and Jacob Theron ; then the ex-elders Pieter de Villiers,
Claude Marais and Pieter Rousseau, as well as the ex-deacons
Paul Roux, Hercules des Pres and Pieter Taillefert. The
building was consecrated in June, 1720.^

Before the church was completed it was found that there
were not enough pews for the ladies, as it was customary
for the men and women to sit apart during divine service.
It was therefore decided that each lady was to bring her
own seat, and in order to prevent any disputes the first row
nearest the pulpit was to be set aside for the wives of church-
wardens and Heemraden in office ; the next row for the
wives of ex-churchwardens and Heemraden and then, if there
was not enough room, they were to be placed in the third row
in which the old ladies and the respectable persons sat. AU
others were to be placed in order by the sexton as they were
brought in, and each chair was to have the name of the owner
distinctly marked on it.' Four shillings and twopence was paid
for each chair placed in the care of the sexton, half of which
went towards repairs and the other to the sexton.

' Spoelstra, 2.431, Res. 5.10.1716.

* Res. 30.3.1717.

* One of the Refugees.

* Vide original grants. Deeds Ofi&ce.

* Spoelstra, 2.435.

* Spoelstra, 2.436.

' Some of the chairs with names on the back are to be found in
many private residences to-day.

32 The French Refugees at the Cape.

The windows of the new church were put in by the Com-
pany's glazier, Willem Dampers of Middelburg. There was
no wooden floor, but the ground was hardened and kept
clean by sand being strewn on it before every service. Up
to 1720 beer glasses and a slop basin had been used for a
communion service and a christening font, respectively, but
after this a silver service was authorised to be made.^ About
a year after the consecration of the church severe storms
caused a portion of the northern gable and a corner twenty
feet in extent to fall in, carrying the roof with it, which ruined
the pulpit and churchwardens' pews. In 1723 a new teak
pulpit, on the pattern of the old one, was built.

By a resolution of the Drakenstein Consistor}'^ in 1726, the
duties performed and the emoluments enjoyed by the sexton
were laid down. Every Saturday he had to go to the house
of the minister to receive instructions for Sunday, and was
not to leave his home during the night without informing
the clergyman or one of the elders where he was to be found.
Directions were given regarding the cleaning of the church
and preserving all that it contained. He was to see that
the chairs of the ladies were placed according to their order
of rank, and to show the respectable members, ladies and
gentlemen, especially strangers, to the seats. He was pro-
hibited from burying anyone on Sunday. He was given a
house and garden free, and at New Year or at marriages or
baptisms could accept any fees given. ^

In January, 1791, an organ, built by Johannes Ludwig
Hodderson, of Cape Town, and erected upon a gallery, was
inaugurated in the Paarl Church. Mr. Helmoet Luttig, son
of the sexton, was appointed organist with a salary of ;f20
per annum and a free house. The ornaments on the organ
were executed by " the renowned sculptor Anreith."^ The
name of this sculptor, which is always associated with the
well-known Frenchman, Louis Michel Thibault, Captain of
Engineers, was a native of Frieburg. He served the Company
for some years as a modeller, and on obtaining his discharge
started business on his own account. Anreith was responsible
for the carved pulpits in the Dutch Reformed Church,
Adderley Street, and in the Dutch Lutheran Church, Strand
Street, Cape Town, and for several other masoned ornaments
on public buildings.

In 1799 the authorities of the Paarl Church considered
that their church was not well shaped, and built of bad
bricks. They obtained expert opinion about its condition

' Spoelstra, 2.438. * Spoelstra. 2.446. * Spoelstra, 2.470.

Settlement, Church, Language. 33

and decided later to bnild a new church and ask Captain
Thibault to design a plan.^ On the 28th April, 1805, the
Reverend Serrurier consecrated the new church at the Paarl.
The organ and pulpit from the old building were removed
to the new one, which was built not very far from it. The
pulpit in the old church formerly stood where the burial
vault of the Reverend Aling is to be seen to-day. The day
following the consecration, the old building was put up for
sale on condition that the purchaser demolished it within
one year and caused no damage to the new church. ^

For the first century and a quarter from its foundation,
the Drakenstcin, or, as it afterwards came to be known, the
Paarl congregation, had about twelve ministers who preached
the gospel there. Amongst them were the Reverends Pierre
Simond, Henricus Beck, Petrus van Aken, Fran9ois le Sueur,
Robert Nicolaas Aling and Jean Guillaume Louis Gebhard,
several of whom could speak the French language well.
Mention has already been made of the Reverend Simond of
Embrun in Dauphine, the first minister. In March, 1701,
the Seventeen at Amsterdam were informed by the Cape that
the Reverend Simond had asked for his discharge from his
duties at Drakenstein, as he was anxious to return to Europe.
The congregation was not desirous that he should leave them,
and as the term of his contract had not yet expired, the
Governor was obliged to withhold his authority.^ In reply,
the Seventeen said they were sending out a successor to
Reverend Simond, who was not to leave until he had arrived.^

Reverend Simond had already sold all his property, chattels,
cattle, slaves, etc., and had preached his farewell sermon.
He had prepared a new version of the Psalms which had been
eagerly looked forward to by the French churches in Europe
during the preceding three years, and was desirous of sub-
mitting it to the Synod of the French churches there.' Not
long after, the Drakenstein Consistory was informed that the
Reverend Beck had been sent to replace their minister, and
the Governor had ordered them to accept him as such and to
respect him in his office.

For a considerable time before Reverend Petrus van Aken
was appointed (1714) the congregation had been without a
pastor. Reverend van Aken was born at Utrecht, where

' Spoelstra, 2.475. ' Spoelstra, 2.482.

'Letter, 14.3.1701, to Chamber of Amsterdam. C.760, p. 119.
* Letter, 20.9. 1701, from Chamber of Amsterdam. C.522, p. 392.
*|Letter, 20.3.1702, to Chamber of Amsterdam. C.760, p. 428.
•Letter, 17. 5. 1702, to Landdrost, Heemraden and Kerkenraad.
C.760, p. 622.

34 The French Refugees at the Cape.

his father Mr. Arnoldus van Aken hved. His wife Anna
Margaretha Bolwerk was related by marriage to the family
of Governor Maurits Pasques de Chavonnes, who, with
several members of his family, came to the Cape Governor
de Chavonnes was a member of an old Huguenot family, and
several members of that family stood sponsors to the Reverend
van Aken's children. In 1724 Rev. van Aken fell into ill-
health, and on the 19th December of that year passed away
at Cape Town, where he was buried in the Dutch Reformed
Church. 1

One of the clergymen of the congregation who had some-
what of a varied career was the Reverend Lambertus Sliclier,
of Middelburg. He arrived at the Cape in the same year as
Reverend van Aken, but in a totally different capacity.
Before coming out he had served for six years as chaplain
of the garrison at Lillo. Owing to differences and animosit}'
amongst his congregation, he voluntarily resigned and entered
the service of the Dutch East India Company as a midshipman
on board the ship 't Vaderland Getrouw. In this capacity he
arrived at the Cape.^ Slicher was a man well versed in the
Latin, Greek and Hebrew languages, and was shortly after
appointed Rector of the High School at Cape Town, which
had just been established ; he took in pupils as boarders at
his house. Reverend Slicher held good testimonials from
the ministers of the different places where he had officiated.*
In 1 72 1, while still Rector, he obtained permission from the
Seventeen, through the intercession of the Cape Governor
and his Council, to preach now and again in the church at
Cape Town.* In February, 1723, he was formally inducted
as second clergyman of that place, and in July, 1725, was
sent to Drakenstein.° For nearly five years Reverend
Slicher served at the Paarl, where he died on the 2nd June,
i730.«

Reverend Robert Nicolaas Aling was appointed in 1784,
at a time when peace reigned among the congregation. A
few years previously there had been some dissension. In
1772 Thomas Arnoldus Theron was elected as elder ; this was
objected to by certain members of the church on the ground
that he was not properly qualified.^ The strife between the
parties became so strong that four members were excommuni-

' Vide wills of the Orphan Chamber, Archives, Baptismal register of
Drakenstein Church, and Journaal of Dutch Reformed Church,
Adderley Street, Cape Town.

' Res. 21.3. I7IQ. ^ Spoelstra, 1.142-143.

* Res. 25.11.1721. ''Ibid. 16.2. 1723.

• He married Sophia v. d. Byl, born at the Cape 1690.

' Vide papers in case Theron vs. Roos and three others.

Settlement, Church, Language. 35

cated by the Consistory, and many refused to attend service.
A deputation of two was sent to Holland, but the Directors
refused to interfere and the Classis of Amsterdam tried to
conciliate the parties. Reverend Aling died at Paarl on
the 24th April, 1800, and was buried in front of the pulpit
in the old church.

For about seven years after his death the congregation
was without a minister, when the post was filled for only
six months. In June, 1810, the Reverend Jean Guillaume
Louis Gebhard was appointed to the vacancy. He was born
at Mannheim in 1757, and went over to England from Heidel-
berg. On the 14th July, 1805, he became pastor of the
Walloon Church of Norwich, having received a certificate
from Monsieur Mercier, minister of the French church in
London. On being assigned to the congregation at Draken-
stein, he resigned his charge on the ist December, 1809.^
He died at Cape Town on the 12th October, 1825, and by
his will left a legacy to the London Missionary Society and
the French Poor of the Walloon Congregation at Mannheim. ^

In closing this chapter, a word regarding the dying out of
the French language at the Cape is necessary. For the first
few years after the arrival of the Refugees, there appears to
be no prohibition as to the use of their language. On the
12th June, i6go, van der Stel wrote to the Seventeen that
the number of French Refugees who had arrived totalled
one hundred and fifty men, women and children, and that
they were living in the Cape and Stellenbosch districts, but
chiefly at Drakenstein. He said he had had them scattered
amongst the Dutch farmers so that each might learn some-
thing from the other and so improve agriculture. For this
reason, too, they had been permitted to have their divine
services alternately at Drakenstein and Stellenbosch. ^ A
year later he again wrote that the Refugees on their arrival
had mostly been settled at Drakenstein and a few at Stellen-
bosch amongst the Dutch inhabitants. This had been
done in order that they might learn the Dutch language and
customs and be incorporated with the Dutch. " We find,"
he said, " that their fickle (wispeltuurige) nature still clings
to them, and that they are like the children of Israel, who,
fed by the hand of God in the wilderness, longed for the

" The Walloon Church of Moiwich, its Registers and History."
Edited by W. J. C. Moens, F.S.A., vol. i, part i, pp. 138 and 243.
Publication of Huguenot Society.

' Vide Records of Orphan Chamber.

* Letter, 12.6.1690, to Chamber of Amsterdam. C.755, p. 690.
Extract given on p. 154.

36 The French Refugees at the Cape.

onion pots of Egypt {en dat se de kinderen Israels slagien,
dewelke door Gods hand in de noestijne gespijsd na de uije
potten van Egiptcn verlangden)."'^

In the year that the French were given their own con-
gregation, directions were issued that only schoolmasters
who knew both the Dutch and French languages were to
be appointed. But the Cape officials had feared that by
allowing the closer settlement of the Refugees, they would
be encouraging them to remain French, whereas by inter-
mingling them with the Dutch, they hoped to ensure the
ready assimilation of the French into the Dutch nation.
The French felt this amalgamation as a cause for a grievance
against the authorities and endeavoured to keep themselves
apart from their Dutch neighbours. The position became
strained, and many of the latter ceased to have communica-
tion with the French, and some were even reported to have
said that they would rather give bread to a Hottentot or
to a dog than to a Frenchman. ^ The French had resolved
not to intermarry with the other colonists, but all these
differences were forgotten in the course of time, and the
fusion of the two sections was gradually effected as shall be
shown further on.

In 1701 a surprise awaited the French congregation at
Drakenstein. Now quite a different tone appears in the
letters from Holland. A direct restriction was placed on the
open use of their language in church. On the 20th September,
1701, the Directors forbade the Drakenstein minister to preach
in the French language, and wrote to the Governor that
" in order that in course of time the French language may
die out and be, as it were, banished from the place, and
with this object in view, the schools are to give in future
no other or further instruction than is necessary to assist
the youth to learn to read and write our language."^

A reply was sent to this, which read : "We shall further see
to it that by the use of Dutch in the church and school there
(Drakenstein) the French tongue will fall into disuse amongst
the inhabitants of that community, and afterwards, in course
of time, die out ; and this will the more readily take place
inasmuch as there are no French schools."^ In 1703 two-
thirds of the Drakenstein congregation could not follow a
Dutch sermon.^ Nothing daunted, the Refugees sent in

' Letter, 29.6. 1691, to Chamber of Amsterdam. C. 756, p. iii.
- Theal, " History of South Africa before 1795," 2.347.
'Letter, 20.9.1701, from Chamber of Amsterdam. C.522, p. 393.
Extract given on p. 155.

* Letter, 20.3.1702, to Chamber of Amsterdam. C.760, p 428.
Extract given on p. 158.

* Letter, 4.4.1703, Drakenstein to Classis, Amsterdam. Spoelstra,
I.33-

Settlement, Church, Language. 37

several petitions to the Governor to permit the Reverend
Beck to preach in their own tongue, as they felt the severity
of the order from Holland. These were referred to the
Directors, who replied that they could not permit the request
unless there were contrary reasons why they should be
granted. Nevertheless, they left the matter in the hands
of the Governor to act as circumstances warranted.^ He
wrote back that the settlers had declared that they
found it impossible to learn the Dutch language as they
lived one, two, three or more hours from each other, and
asked that they might be allowed, if only once a fortnight,
to have the services in their own language.^ In 1709 the
Drakenstein clergyman and church officers were told that in
future they were to address their letters to the Government
and nomination lists for office bearers in the Dutch lan-
guage and not, as had been the case hitherto, in French.'

But >|Vas the order of 1701 rigidly enforced ? There is
certainly evidence that French services were held at Draken-
stein many years subsequent to this. The church minutes
of 1715 show that the French service was to commence at
half-past eight on Sunday mornings and the Dutch service
at ten o'clock.* In 1718 it was decided that the Dutch
service was to start at 9 a.m., and that it was to be imme-
diately followed by one for the French, " al waar het 00k
voor een of twee menschen." But at the quarterly com-
munion the latter was to commence at half-past eight, before
the other.^ After the removal in 1707 of Reverend Beck from
Drakenstein to Stellenbosch, the Cape Church Council wrote
to the Classis at Amsterdam on the 26th March, 1710, and
said that the former congregation was still badly in want of
a clergyman, as the services were being conducted by a sick-
comforter. The reply was that the Seventeen had been
approached, and five ministers had been allowed them for
foreign service. Amongst them, however, were none who
could satisfy the special requirements of Drakenstein by
having a knowledge of French.^ Permission was given in
1719 to Francois Louis Migault of Embden, who came out
in 1713 and no doubt was of Huguenot stock, to open a

'Letter, 24.7.1704, from Chamber of Middelburg. C.524, p. 1188.
Extract given on p. 156.

= Letter, 28.3.1705, to Chamber of Middelburg C.751, p. 513.
Extract given on p. 157.

•Res. 10.12.1709, p 495.

* Spoelstra, 2.427.
' Ibid. 2.436.

• Ibid. 1. 124 ; 2.31.

38 The French Refugees at the Cape.

school at the Cape to teach Dutch and French. ^ In 1730
Jeremias Roux, son of the old parish clerk, Paul Roux, was
also permitted to open a school to teach the youth in the
French language.

In an article written by Professor J. J. Smith, of
Stellenbosch University, he gives an account of the dying
out of the French language.^ He makes use of the
official papers and points out that with the amalga-
mation of the Dutch and French nations the language of the
latter by degrees lost its sway. Their language was that of
the minority. At no time did the Refugees exceed in
number one-sixth of the burgher population, or one-eighth
of the whole European community, the Company's servants
included. Many of them on their arrival here were well
acquainted with Dutch, as they had lived in Holland for
some years. For instance, at Middelburg there had been
le Febres since 1574, at Leiden de Lanoys since 1648, du Toits
since 1605, Jouberts since 1645, Malans since 1625, Mesnards
since 1638; at Utrecht Nels had resided since 1644,
Cordiers at Haarlem since 1627 and Malherbes at Dordrecht
since 1618. The departure of Reverend Simond, says Pro-
fessor Smith, hastened the dying out of the language.

It would, therefore, seem that while there was a wish
expressed by the Directors that the French language should
be superseded by the Dutch, and that as soon as possible,
it was some considerable time after this that mention of the
use of the language in public disappears from the records.
It is clear that French services were still held in 1718 ; and
even in 1724, when Mrs. Jacob Naud6 died, a " service in
the French language was held in the church " at her funeral.*
When Paul Roux died in 1723 the Council of Policy was
asked by the Consistory to appoint another sickcomforter
in his place. At that time there were still living about
twenty-five or twenty-six of the old people who did not
understand Dutch. The Council replied that they would
not do anything without the authority of the Seventeen,
to whom the matter had been referred. It was resolved
that this be announced to the people, " which we can perceive
will give our French congregation no satisfaction " ; and
further, that they be asked whether they would maintain
a French parish clerk at their own expense.^ The Directors.

1 Vide " Requesten," C A.

* Res. 9.5.1730.

^ " De Goede Hoop," Nov. and Dec, 1915

* Vide Garde — List of Refugees, p. 69.

* Minutes of Kerkenraad, 28.2.1723, Spoelstra, 2.442.

Settlement, Church, Language. 39

although " not inclined to the preservation of the French
language in India" (the Indies and its dependencies), again
permitted the appointment of another French parish clerk.
As Mr. Bosman the sickcomforter understood both languages.
it was an unnecessary expense to appoint two parish clerks,
and the Cape Council decided not to appoint another.' In
1726 the ex-sexton, Jeremias Roux, was informed by the
Drakenstein Consistory that in future he was not to take the
services in the French language as he had previously done.
After this there appears to be no further reference in the
church minutes to the French services.

After the first quarter of the eighteenth century the
language appears to have begun to die out, and later on the
grandchildren of the original arrivals knew only Dutch.
Travellers who visited the Cape and left us a record of their
stay give some impressions of the Refugees. It is interesting
to see how far the question of the language is referred to by
some of them. John Ovington, who was here in 1693, says
that they " acknowledge the happiness of their transporta-
tion," and that their misfortunes had been turned into
happiness since they had been blessed with peaceful dwellings
and kind accommodations. Francois Leguat, himself a
Huguenot of noble blood, was here in i6gi and i6g8, and
speaks of the kindnesses and means of subsistence given
them by the Company. Taking it on the whole, he remarks,
the Cape was a suitable haven of refuge for the poor French
Protestants, and they lived in harmony with the Dutch.
These two persons were here before any orders regarding
the language were issued, and thus one finds no remark on
this subject. The Abbe de la Caille, who was here in 1752,
wrote that they had preserved the French language and had
taught it to their chidlren. The latter, however, were obliged
to speak Dutch in order to transact business with the Dutch
and Germans who spoke that language, and also because
they had intermarried with the Dutch and Germans and
did not teach French to their children.

He found that only the children of the original Refugees,
of whom there were no longer any living, spoke French.
They were all aged, and no one under forty years of age
that he met spoke French unless he had come from France.
He was informed by those who spoke the language that
within twenty years there would be no one in Drakenstein
who would be able to speak it. Other writers make no
remark as to the language being suppressed. Barrow wrote
that " the descendants of French families are now so inter-

' Letter, 10.4.1725, to the XVII.

40 The French Refugees at the Cape.

married with those of the original settlers, that no distinction,
except the names, remains. And it is a remarkable fact that
not a word of the French language is spoken or understood
by any of the peasantry, though there be many still living
whose parents were both of that nation. Neither is a French
book of any kind to be seen in their houses. It would seem
as if these persecuted refugees had studied to conceal from
their children their unfortunate history and their country's
disgraceful conduct."

At first the feeling between the Dutch and French was not
one of trustfulness. Events in Europe had brought this about,
for the two nations had been at war for many years, and at
the Cape there was a feeling that their sympathies and help
would be for the French should they attack the Cape. Simon
van der Stel no doubt had a feeling of distrust against them
when they petitioned to have their own congregation, as he
feared they might develop into an opposing body and menace
the peace of the country. In 1705 they were told by the
Landdrost of Stellenbosch that he would not doubt but that
they would join arms with the French if they attacked the
Cape.i But time softened this feeling, and by the beginning
of the eighteenth century there was a state of conciliation
which was hastened and strengthened by the troubles in
1706 against Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, when
the country burghers took steps to have their grievances
redressed. Professor Leo Fouche in his edition of Tas' Diary,
has made some very pertinent remarks in this connection
and with reference to the Refugees. I have considered them
so illustrative of the relations between the two races and their
ultimate fusion that I quote them here at length. " The
farmers in the year 1705," he says, " were no more disposed
to submit to injustice than the original farmers in 1658.
Their settlement within the territory of the Company did
not involve the surrender of their rights as Netherlanders.
Were it impossible to obtain justice at the hands of the
Directors, they would appeal, without hesitation, to the
States General. They were chiefly Dutch, either immigrants
from the Netherlands or natives of the Cape, but with the
numerous Low Germans and Fre)ich Refugees they formed a
community the heterogeneous elements of which had not
yet been fused into a whole. The French Refugees, whose
arrival had been an event of primary significance for the
future of the country, formed a very considerable element
amongst the farming population ; the sterling quahties which

' " Historische Reizen door d' Oostersche Deelen van Asia, enz."
Abraham Bogaert, Amsterdam, 1711, p. 515.

Settlement, Church, Language. 41

they had brought with them from oversea, and the fact that
they had all been settled upon the land, both contributed to
enhance their influence. The relations between French and
Dutch were originally none too cordial. France was the arch
enemy of the Republic, and for thirty years the two powers
had been engaged in a life and death struggle. The Cape
had repeatedly been threatened by French squadrons cruising
in the neighbourhood. As late as 1705 Starrenburg says to
the Refugees of Drakenstein, " I am assured that so the
French ships did fall upon the Cape ye should hold to the
Frenchman against the Company." The officials at the Cape
were distinctly apprehensive that the French colonists were
likely to remain French. It was precisely for this reason that
they had been scattered amongst the other farmers in such
a way as to facilitate their assimilation. The French had
resented this summary amalgamation, and had done their
best to hold themselves aloof. But by the beginning of the
eighteenth century, after twenty years of living the same
life and figthing the same hardships as the older population,
they had gradually lost their first feeling of mistrust and
aloofness. To hasten on the fusion of the races, to make
Frenchmen and Dutchmen stand shoulder to shoulder, it
only required a common cause, a common danger to confront.
The misgovernment of van der Stel, the " intolerable yoke "
which he had imposed upon the farmers, provided such an
occasion. The most conspicuous feature of the movement
is the solidarity amongst the farming community. The*
difference of race is completely forgotten, and the French
and Dutch face the tyrant as one man. Of the sixty-three
signatories to the Memorial thirty-one are French, the rest
are Dutch, both home-born and colonial. Kolbe remarks
upon the coincidence that of the nine colonists banished for
their share m the conspiracy, three were Hollanders, three
were French and three were South Africans. He also points
out as a smgular fact that of the three who died during the
persecution one was a Hollander, one a Frenchman and one
a South African. Coincidences so striking were of special
significance for the contemporary observer ; they symbolised
the unanimity with which the colonists had entered upon the
struggle, and the feeling of brotherhood which characterised
their conflict with the tyrant. It was a happy augury for
the future. Henceforth, distinction of nationality should
form no barrier between the Cape farmers who had stood so
loyally by each other. The Diary of Adam Tas furnishes
unmistakable evidence of how mutual respect and regard

' Setting forth their grievances to the XVII.

42 The French Refugees at the Cape.

are developed in the face of danger. At first Tas speaks of
" the French " with some measure of indifference. But later,
when he sees how faithfully the French stand by him in his
perilous task, how in the dead of night they bring him in-
telligence as to the progress of events, how du Toit upbraids
the Governor to his face with his misgovernment, his tone
becomes more cordial, BleuseP is now " true heart," du Toit
" a patriot," the Refugees are " our French brethren." No
other factor contributed so much to the fusion of the races
as the tyranny of van der Stel."*

In concluding these remarks on the amalgamation of the
French Refugees with the other settlers of the Cape, it is
interesting to note what took place in America. Mr. Poole,
in his " Huguenots of the Dispersion," in referring to the
settlement of the fugitives in America, writes : " In a country
of so mixed a race as New England, and of a bent so identified
with Calvinistic traditions, the Huguenots became readily
absorbed into the older population."^

With regard to any influence which the French language
may have had on the Dutch language of this country, it
would seem to have been very negligible. Very few traces
of that language are found if one excepts the place and
family names to be found in the Paarl district to-day. Even
the latter are not always recognizable as being of French
origin when spoken or read in Dutch. For instance, while
the name de Villiers is still so spelt it is pronounced as
Vielje by the Dutch-speaking community, and is a form
of speUing found in the official records less than five years
after the arrival of the Refugees."* Names such as Nortje
for Nourtier, Minnaar for Mesnard, Gous and Gouws for
Gaucher and Terblans for Terre Blanche are only a few
examples. If some of the farm names in Drakenstein are
mentioned to-day with their proper French accent they
would not be understood by many of the inhabitants. In
the Afrikaans there are several French words, as affaire,
hordes, different, kapabel, passabel, seur (from monsieur), etc..
but these were not obtained from the Refugees but from the
Dutch people, who in the Middle Ages were under strong
French influence.^ The Refugees brought in some new words,
but there was no change in the language through that medium.®

' Abraham Bleuset, vide p. 60.
' " The Diary of Adam Tas."

'P- 97-

* ^ide Muster Rolls of Freemen .

'■ Professor J. J Smith in "De Goede Hoop. "

• "Het Afrikaansch." by J. J. Hesseling,

CHAPTER V.

THE REFUGEES IN OTHER COUNTRIES AND
THOSE WHO CAME TO THE CAPE.

IT is not within the province of this book to deal with the
religious persecutions in France which had caused such
an upheaval in Europe during the sixteenth and seven-
teenth centuries, as that forms a portion of the general
history of the Huguenots. There is a great deal of literature
dealing with this subject. This book only pretends to give
a brief account of the migration to the Cape of a small number
of the many thousands who fled from France and sought
safety in many parts of Europe. But it might be helpful to
the reader to take a brief survey of the general position of
the period when the Cape Refugees were seeking a place of
safety. Before the close of the sixteenth century fugitives
from Flanders were taking refuge in England. Few of them
brought any property ; the greater number were entirely
destitute ; but many brought with them intelligence, skill,
virtue and the spirit of independence which money could
not buy, and which made them all the more valuable to the
countries of their adoption. Many of the best citizens of
Antwerp had fled to Holland and England. After the sack of
that town in 1585, one-third of the remaimng merchants and
workers in silks, damasks and other stuffs left their countr\'
for good. Many of the Flemish Huguenots settled in London
and Norwich. In France matters were no better, for the
memorable night of St. Bartholomew in August, 1572, wit-
nessed the striking of a blow at the very heart of the nation,
the first step in a succession of events of nmrder, persecution
and proscription. The Edict of Nantes, passed in 1598, gave
comparative liberty of conscience and freedom of worship.
By the revocation of this Edict in October of 1685 these
privileges were taken away once more, and it meant the
death knell of the Huguenots.

WTiat did the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes involve ?
The demolition of all the remaining Protestant churches
throughout France, the proscription of the Protestant religion,
the prohibition of private worship under penalty of confisca-
tion of body and property, the banishment of Protestant

44 The French Refugees at the Cape.

pastors from France within fifteen days, the closing of Protes-
tant schools, and the prohibition forbidding parents to instruct
their children in the Protestant faith. Children had to be bap-
tised by the parish priest under penalty of a fine of 500 livres,
and to be brought up in the Roman Catholic faith. The pro-
perty and goods of Protestant refugees who failed to return to
France within four months were to be confiscated. It meant
the galleys for life to all men and imprisonment for life to all
women detected in the act of attempting to escape from
France. These provisions were rapidly and vigorously put into
effect, and were followed by other edicts still more severe.

" The year 1685 is fitly identified with the depopulation of
France. And yet, with a blindness that appears to us in-
credible, the Government refused to believe in the desire for
or the possibility of escape. The penalties attached to capture
on the road — the galleys or the nunnery, — the vigilant watch
at the frontier, the frigates cruising by every coast, all these
difficulties seem to have persuaded Louvois that few would
persist in risking flight. What these measures actually
effected was doubtless to diminish the exodus, but in no
marked degree. At length it came to be thought that the
emigration was due to its prohibition, as though the Huguenots
must do a thing from mere perverseness. The watch was
relaxed, and a result unlooked for ensued. It was the signal
for the greatest of the emigrations, that of 1688."^ Where
did they seek havens of safety ? In Switzerland, Germany,
Holland, England and America. To the latter place few
sailed direct from French ports, but most went to London
where they received letters of denization or naturalisation ;
or they went into Germany, or, as in the case of the Cape
Refugees, into Holland before they sailed to America. Many
of these places received them well. Brandenburg sent
invitations to them to come and settle there, and promised
them libert}'' of worship, protection and hospitality. This
province had been devastated by the Thirty Years' War,
and the men driven from France were just the sort of men
to be desired by a country whose trade and manufactures
had been destroyed and its population diminished. Mr.
Poole, in his " Dispersion of the Huguenots," has given an
interesting account of the various places in Germany where
the fugitives settled and also their places of origin in France.
This is of interest to the descendants of the Refugees to
South Africa ; for one finds that in some cases the ancestois
of Cape families came out from Germany, although they bore

' " A History of the Huguenots of the Dispersion." R. L. Poole,
London, 1880, p. 28.

Refugees in Europe and Cape. 45

French names. They were the children or grandchildren of
the original fugitives from France, who fied to Germany.
For instance, there is the family of Serrurier from Hanau,
Migault from Embden and Naude from Berlin. In England
large numbers of Refugees landed at Dover, Rye, Southamp-
ton and Plymouth, and sought out London, Canterbury and
Norwich and other places. But some of these were more
or less temporary places of settlement, and were a means of
thoroughfare by which some of them went on their way to
some known colony. ^ Several families in Ireland can trace
their origin through a Huguenot ancestor who had settled
there before the close of the seventeenth century. Many of
the Refugees found safety at Dublin, Cork, Lisburn and other
places. Holland proved a welcome asylum to the persecuted
fugitives. The}' were given several privileges and " they
owned the privileges, more than the privileges, of natives.
In some places they were relieved of all 'extraordinary
burthens and taxes,' and in others of the town excise
Collections were ordered for their wants, master-workers were
declared free of guilds, admissable, but not compelled to
enter, advances of money were promised, and an agreement
to purchase the produce of their manufactures was entered
mto until they were established, and lastly ministers were
allowed to such places where they were greatest in numbers.*

The benefits which these various countries derived from
this exodus from France is well known to those who have
studierl the history of the Huguenots. With their ingress
into these places they brought the knowledge of their manu-
factures, trade and agricultural pursuits. Of those who
went over to England, the bulk were manufacturers, and
those who sought out Germany and the less populated
districts of Holland were agriculturists. " If the agricultural
classes came in small numbers to England, they more than
made up the deficiency by the great proportion they formed
among those who crossed over to the continent of America."
In Brandenburg the Refugees scattered over the Uckermark
had several colonies in groups, and grew hemp and flax,
while the cultivation of the tobacco plant was carried on with
such success that it was exported, and this added to the
revenue of the country. Even Denmark derived benefit
from the influx of some of the Refugees, most of whom were
husbandmen and busied themselves in the cultivation of
potatoes, of the tobacco plant, which they introduced, and
of wheat which they improved. In 1679 Charles II. of
England had sent out two shiploads of Refugees to plant

' Ibid. ^ Ibid.

46 The French Refugees at the Cape.

vines and olives in South Carolina. A party of Refugees
which left France in 1684 or 1685 was well received at Boston.
Some of them were granted land where the village of Oxford
is now situated. " They quickly changed the wilderness
assigned them into an orchard of pear trees and a garden
of roses and currant bushes."^ These references to the
influence on agriculture are interesting in the study of the
Cape Refugees, who we saw were sent out here because of
their knowledge of viticulture, the making of wine and
vinegar, and the distilling of brandy.

It is interesting to compare the names of some of those
who went over to Great Britain with the names of some
who arrived at the Cape. The name of Barre is now found
as Barry in Ireland, and appears during the latter half of
the seventeenth century. The first of that name was Peter
Barre, who became an Alderman of Dublin, where he had
a large business as a linen draper. In 1702 a David Buisson
witnessed the marriage in the same city between Jacques
Buis and Marguerite Moulles ; upon comparison with the
list of those who came to the Cape it is seen that there was
a Louis Barre, David du Buisson and Jean du Buis. The
name of Jourdan was also known in that city before 1700,
as well as in Norwich during the first quarter of the seven-
teenth century. In Norwich a daughter of Guillaume du Toit
was baptized in 1596 ; a Guillaume du Toit came here in
1686. In the same place the name of des Pres is found be-
tween the years 1595 and 1647, and a des Pres, a woolcomber
from Flanders, and his wife were registered as strangers in
Norwich. John Cordier, born in Rhone, had been in England
in 1544 for thirty years. There are Malans in England
to-day who derive their ancestry from the Refugees.

Many of the French Protestants before their escape from
France were under stress of persecution and compelled to
abjure their religion. They pretended in some way to
conform to that of the Roman Catholic faith. A great
number of those who landed at Dover were anxious to atone
publicly for this, and were probably received into the Church
with some kind of ceremony when they expressed their
sorrow and regret. This was entered into the Church books
and the entry called a reconnaisance. Amongst the persons
making reconnaisance in 1686 we find Jean de Villiers of
Guisnes, who had four children, Jacques le Febure of Clermont
en Beauvassis and his wife, Gabriel le Roux of Guisnes, his

' For the agricultural pursuits carried on by the Refugees in these
countries, vidt< Poole, pp. 151, 152, 67, 97.

Refugees in Europe and Cape. 47

wife Ester Genel and their children Anne, Jacques and Marie.
A Gabriel le Roux came out in 1688.

In 1544 Anthony Seneshall {vide Senechal), a labourer
aged seventy years, born in Normandy, who had been in
England for twenty-one years, was granted Letters of
Naturalization as a British subject. Several members of
the Durand family from Dauphine officiated in the French
churches in England. Jean Mesnard, one of the pastors
of the Protestant church at Charenton at Paris, fled to
Holland ; his brother Philip Mesnard, pastor of the church
of Saintes, became minister of the Chapel Royal of St. James
in 1700. A Jean Mesnard and his son Philippe arrived at
the Cape in 1688.

When the fugitives arrived in a new country many of them
changed their names to correspond with the equivalent of
the language of that country. Thus L'Oiseau became Bird
in England and Vogel in Holland ; du Bois, Wood and van
den Bosch ; La Croix, Cross and van der Cruyse ; le Roi,
King and de Koning ; Suavage, Savage, Wild and de Wilde ;
le Blanc, White and de Witt, and so many other names in
Holland to-day were originally French : du Jardin became
Bogaard, des Champs, v. d. Velde, Chevalier, Ruyter, du Pre
van der Weyde, Dumont, van den Berg and Dupont, Ver-
brugge. Some names were strangely altered in their con-
version from the French, thus le Cocq was WTitten Laycock,
Bourgeois as Burgess, Drouett Drewitt and D'Aeth became
Death ; many others were vulgarised as Chappuis into
Shoppee, De Moulius into Mullins, Millechamps into Melkkan,
and so forth.

It is not, therefore, surprising to see how the names at
the Cape have been altered. This was no doubt caused
through the intercourse with the Dutch-speaking section
of the Colony. Many of the original French Refugees signed
their names correctly, but their descendants at the Cape
took the new form of spelling. To-day the name of Crosnier
or Cronier is only known throughout South Africa as Cronje,
Mesnard as Minnaar, de la Porte as Delport, Gaucher as
Gous and Gouws, Niel as Nel, Terreblanche as Terblanche
and Terblans ; Vivier is hardly recognisable as Beeweeje or
Weeweeje ; the name of dc Villiers is found before 1700 as
Vielje, the way it is pronounced by many people to-day.

Of the emigres who came to the Cape several were surgeons,
while most were farmers and tradesmen. We find Jean
Durand, born at la Motte in Dauphine about the year 1669.
amongst the surgeons. He settled at Drakenstein, where he
carried on farming operations and at the same time practised

48 The French Refugees at the Cape.

surgery. He also found time to exercise the duties of a
member of the Court of Landdrost and Heemraden, and died
in 1727. It would be interesting to know whether he was a
member of a cadet branch of the noble family of Durand of
Dauphine.

A family well known throughout South Africa is that of
du Plessis, which can claim as its ancestor Jean Prieur du
Plessis, a surgeon of Poitiers, born in 1638. He arrived at
the Cape in 1688 with his wife Madeleine Menanto. On the
voyage a son was born to them, and was baptised on board
the ship in Table Bay.^ He was named Charles, and was
evidently apprenticed to his father, for we find him some
years later bringing an action before the Court at Stellenbosch
for the recovery of fees for medical services rendered. Upon
the death of his wife Madeleine Menanto, du Plessis married
Maria Buisset at the Domkerk, Amsterdam. She was born
at Sedan on the French frontier in 1678, and after the death
of her husband married Mr. Dirk Snith in 171 1, also a
surgeon. She practised as a qualified midwife while her
husband practised surgery.

Midwives during the Dutch occupation of the Cape were
either appointed by the Directorate of the Dutch East India
Company and sent out from Holland to the Cape, or were
admitted to practise here after due examination by two of
the chief Government surgeons. Mrs. Snith must have had
some knowledge of surgery, for in 1721 she produced before the
Court of Justice at Cape Town a surgical certificate which
she had signed. In it she set forth the result of her inspection
of a slave girl who had been stabbed with a knife. This
certificate was accepted as evidence, and the criminal who
had committed the deed was found guilty and sentenced
to be flogged and put in chains for two years.'

Among the entries of baptisms of the Reformed church at
Nogentel appear the names of children of Paul le Febure,
a surgeon of Chaurry. On the ist April, 1674. his son Jean
was baptised, and had as sponsors Isaac Taillefert and Jeanne
le Page, and in 1676 a daughter, Anne, was baptised. Paul
le Febure had married Marie Taillefert, daughter of Jean
Taillefert, an apothecary at Chateau Thierry. After the
Revocation he sacrificed his position and joined the Dutch
East India Company, eventually coming to the Cape,^ settling

' Doop Register, Cape Town Dutch Reformed Church.

" Vide Records of Court of Justice, Crim. proces stukken and Sententien,
1721, case of Anthony of Goa. Archives.

' " Le Protestantisme en Brie et Basse Champagne," par Elis6e
Briet, Paris, 1885, p. ii8.

Refugees in Europe and Cape. 49

at French Hoek. A daughter of his, by his second wife,
baptised at Drakenstein in 1699 Marie Madeiene, married
David Taillefert, and another daughter, born at Goes in
Zeeland, was the wife of Jac. Benoist.^ Le Febure, his wife
and two children returned to Europe in 1705.

Another surgeon who practised at Drakenstein was Gideon
le Grand, whose name is found in 1698 as resident at Stellen-
bosch. He died in 17T0, leaving no heirs at the Cape, and
only a brother, Abraham le Grand, who lived at Haarlem,
le Grand also filled the position of Burgher Councillor of
Drakenstein. What appears to have been a sort of day book
of his for the year 1710 is preserved in the Archives, or rather
a fragmentary portion of it. Interspersed here and there are
what appear to be clinical notes. The writing is not always
easy to make out, and is, of course, in an archaic form of
French, but a few interesting items niay be noted.

One notices that, when medicine is entered, there is
constantly the note " envoye," with very often " par son
ordre " added, and sometimes the name of the slave or other
messenger. It seems clear that the old gentleman le Grand
was taking no chances of his accounts being disputed, and
regularly put on record, not only the prescription, but also
the name of the messenger and the fact of having received a
distinct order. Journeys or even visits seem to have been rare,
most of the entries clearly referring to medicine sent out on a
message. In one place we have recorded, in connection with
one Jacob de Villiers, " reduit la luxation du poignet droit.
Le radius etoit luxe. Mis seux farine et argile p.p." It
looks as if the surgeon of those days was in the habit of
putting up dislocations with a prototype of the modern gum
and chalk beloved of Guy's men. The charge for this was one
something or other, apparently one rixdollar. Cinnamon,
terebinth, crocus, ginger, piper and " oli suce" (sweet oil)
figure largely in le Grand's pharmacopseia. There is one very
pathetic note in this old day-book, showing that, as to-
day, the humane doctor had not infrequently, not only to
supply his services free, but also to pay out-of-pocket expenses
as well. Here it is : " J'^' paye so nourriture a mes frais et
depans." There is an entry, " pour remede et nourriture,"
but no sum is affixed. Probably the surgeon knew that it
might as well be done pro dec. In one place there is quite
an extensive clinical note, which, as far as it can be de-
ciphered, reads thus, " donne tons les gours fleur de souphre

' Doop Boek, Drakenstein.

'Diverse correspondentie. Letter, 15. 8. 1780, to C. L. Neethling.
C.1S9.

50 The French Refugees at the Cape.

prepare," and further on, " bon efet pour rume et courtc
haleine mal rle polmon et enflaere de pieds."

Although not numbering among the early batches of French
fugitives who came to the Cape, we find the name of another
French surgeon who lived at the Cape in the first quarter of
the eighteenth century ; we can surmise that he had left France
on account of his Protestantism. Renault Berthault de St.
Jean was born in 1692 at Sanoere, in the province of Berry,
France, and at the age of twenty became a surgeon in the
service of the Dutch East India Company. Seven years
later he landed at the Cape, being joined later on by his
wife, Anne Fourdinier and son. Mr. St. Jean became chief
surgeon of the Government hospital in Cape Town, and
died on the nth March, 1763, having married a second
time Martha Sollier, daughter of Durand SoUier. The
family of de St. Jean is still represented in South Africa
through the female line of the family of van der Riet.

Among the agriculturists and vinedressers are to be found
the names of Josue Cellier of Orleans, who was also a car-
penter, Jean du Buis of Calais, Jean and Jacques Nourtier,
and Jacques de la Porte of Lille. Daniel Hugo and Andre
Gaucher were blacksmiths, Durand Sollier and Jean Cloudon,
shoemakers ; whilst Jacques Pinard and Daniel Nourtier were
carpenters. Of those sent out in the Oosterlandt appear the
names of Jacques de Savoye of Aeth, his wife Marie Madelene
le Clercq of Tournay, and her mother Antonette Carnoy,
widow of Philippe le Clercq, a merchant of Doornik, de
Savoye was accompanied also by his children. Marge aged
17 years, Barbere 15, and Jacques 9 months. He had
been a merchant at Ghent, and on account of his religious
views had drawn upon himself the hatred and vengeance
of the Catholics, who had brought many law suits against
him and attempted to murder him. These persecutions
obliged him to leave Ghent in 1687 and go to the Northern
Netherlands.

Reverend Fran9ois Simond, minister of the Reformed
Church in Flanders, gave good testimony of de Savoye's
honesty and zeal for his religion, and declared " that his
life seemed a worthy example of purity and holiness as nmch
as it could be in the place in which he was, where idolatry
reigned supreme." In writing to the Chamber of Delft,
Commander van der Stel mentioned that by their virtues
and laborious zeal Jacques de Savoye and his family were
examples to all the fugitives and exiles, and that on account
of his abilities and knowledge of the Dutch and French
languages he had been appointed a Heemraad. In 1712

Refugees ill Europe and Cape. 51

he and his wife returned to Europe, tmt they were then poor
and allowed to pay only half the ordinary passage money for
the voyage. His son, Philippe Rudolph de Savoye, was
baptised at Drakenstein in 1694, and entered the Company's
service, in which he held several official positions at the Cape.
The family of de Savoye is represented through the female
branch in the Cape families of Snyman, Villion or Viljoen,
and Meyer. Margaretha or Marge, who came with lier
parents in 1688, married first Christoffel Snyman, and after
his death Henning Villion, son of Fran9ois Villion of Clermont
and the Cape ; Aletta de Savoye, baptised at the Cape in
1689, niarried Pierre Meyer of Dauphine. who settled at
the Cape as a French Refugee.

Allied by marriage to the Surgeon Paul le Febure, of whom
mention has been made, was the family of Taillefert. On the
6th February, 1678, Paul le Febure had stood sponsor to
Suzanne, daughter of Isaac Taillefert and Suzanne Brief at
the church of Nogentel. In the seventeenth century there
was a large family of the name of Taillefert in the church of
Nogentel. At Nogentel lived Pierre Taillefert, a merchant
and elder of the church ; at Chateau Thierry resided Jean
Taillefert, an apothecary and elder of the church ; at
Monneaux, Jean, plastrier (plasterer), Paul, a vinedresser,
Claude, ci Brasles. The apothecary Jean Taillefert, v/ho was
married to Ester Jordin, had several children, Nathaniel,
Ehsee, Jeanne, Marie (the wife of Paul le Febure), and
Isaac. After the Revocation of the Edict all of these left
the kingdom in succession. Isaac Taillefert, who was married
to Suzanne Brief of the Valley of Essomes, had established
himself as a master hatter at Chateau Thierry.

Through his wife he possessed some vineyards at Monneaux,
and after the Revocation he went to live with her family.
His last child, born in France and named Marie, was baptised
by the monks of the church at Essomes in January, 1687.
A year later Isaac, his wife and six children left Monneaux
and retired to La Rochelle. The baptismal entries of the
five children appear in the registers of the Protestant church
at Nogentel. The Revocation caused the Tailleferts to
disappear, and it was a family entirely lost by the Reformed
Church of Lower Champagne. Isaac, his wife and six children
all embarked on board the Dutch East India Company's ship
Oosterlandt in 1688, bound for the Cape.^ His eldest daughter,
Elisabeth Taillefert, married Pierre de Vilhers of La Rochelle,
one of the three brothers who arrived here in 1689 in the

' " Le Protestantisme en Brie et Basse Champagne," par Elisee
Briet, Parir, 1885, pp. 116 and 226 et seq.

52 The French Refugees at the Cape.

Zion. Pierre was the ancestor of the late Baron de VilHers
of Wynberg.

The family of Taillefert appears to have died out in South
Africa. Francois Leguat mentions Isaac Taillefert, and
speaks of his beautiful garden, in which nothing was lacking ;
an inner yard in which aviaries containing all kinds of birds
were to be seen. Those who visited him, he says, were well
received and treated. His wine was the best in the country
and as near as possible to the inferior champagne of France.
In 1691 Isaac Taillefert received the grants of the land upon
which the farms of Normandy and Picardy stand to-day.
It is interesting to note that there were Tailleferts in the
Company's service ; in 1767 Louis Taillefert was promoted
to the rank of Councillor Extraordinary of India.

After 1690 the names of two brothers, Jacques and Nicolaas
La Bat, appear in the records as burghers at Drakenstein.
They were the sons of Jacques La Bat and Susanna Laurent,
and were born at Fontenay le Comte in Poitou, France.
Jacques was the elder of the two. They were followed by
Paul La Bat, Jean La Bat (died about 1696), and Catharina
(died in 1689). In the marriage entry in the Drakenstein
church on the 13th June, 1717, of Ehsabeth Vivier to Nicolaas
La Bat, he is described as a bachelor of Pointrie. His wife
was the daughter of the Refugee Abraham Vivier. Nicolaas
died on the 30th December, 1717. Some years later his
brother Jacques, who had left the Cape and was settled as
a sword cutter in the parish of St. Martin's in the Fields,
Westminster, county Middlesex, appointed Sieur Fran9ois
Guillaumet.i at the Cape, to apply to the Government for
the inheritance from his brother's estate. A document,
drawn up on the 12th October, 1724, before Mr. Jean de
Brisac, notary public of St. Martin's Lane, London, and signed
by Jean Hudel, Minister, Daniel Pain, Daniel Traipain,
Daniel Paillon and Benjamin Brocquet, stated that these
persons were all formerly residents of Fontenay le Comte,
and that they knew Jacques La Bat, who was born there,
his parents, then dead, and his brothers and sister. Two
notaries, Messrs. Isaac Delpeeh and Sam du Puy, testified
to the fact of de Brisac being a duly admitted notary. The
power of attorney in favour of Guillaumet requested that the
amount received be remitted to Jean Barbesorre, merchant
of Amsterdam.2

In mentioning those Refugees who were at the Cape at
this time, it may not be irrelevant to write a few lines about

'Came from Languedoc as superintendent of the silk i ndustry at
the Cape. See page 94.
* Read Res. of 28.2.1727.

Refugees in Europe and Cape. 53

a young French lad, Guillaume Chenut who, though his stay
in South Africa was not very long, had experienced during
that time great hardships. Guillaume Chenut of Chalzac,
said to be aged fifteen years in 1688, was of noble birth
{edele geboorte and also referred to as edelman). On account
of misfortune and his love for the religion, he fell into the
deepest adversity, and about 1685 sailed on board a ship
going to Madeira. While there the Governor wanted him
to abjure his faith. Rather than do this, he engaged himself
to an English captain who sailed to the Indies. On the
voyage they came to a coast unknown to them. This was
along the Kaffir coast of South Africa, Nine men (among
whom was Guillaume Chenut) set out in a boat for the land,
to ascertain where they were. They were attacked by a
party of savages and all were murdered except the French
boy. He remained a year with them, living in the same
manner as they did.

In February, 1686, one of the Dutch East India Company's
ships, the Stavenisse, when on her return voyage from India
to Europe, was wrecked on the coast of Africa, about seventy
miles south of the bay of Natal. Those who were saved held
a consultation and decided to march overland to Cape Town.
After some days a few of them, unable to continue the long
march, returned to the wreck. When, more than a year later,
the latter arrived at the Cape in a boat which they had built,
assisted by some wrecked mariners from two other ships
who had joined them, no news of the first party had
been heard, A party was sent out in this ship, which the
mariners had built, and on the 8th February, 1688, when
near the Coffin or Cove Rock, they fell in with three naked
white men on a raft. These men told them that they formed
part of the crew of the Stavenisse, and that there were eighteen
others 011 shore besides a French lad, who was the only
survivor of a boat's crew that had landed on the coast.

This French lad was no other than young Chenut, who
had come across the men of the Stavenisse. On his arrival
it was said that he had indentured himself to a Dutch captain
for three years. In the same year the Chamber of Seventeen
was approached by one of the members of the Government
at Amsterdam requesting that a letter addressed to the boy
might be handed to him at the Cape ; that he be sent home
with the first opportunity, and that no pains be spared.
Guillaume's eldest brother at this time held an honourable
position, being Equerry to Her Highness the Princess of
Anhalt, and he bound himself to defray the costs of releasing
his brother from his indentures and bringing him back to

54 The French Refugees at the Cape.

Europe.^ The letter addressed to the lad was fluly handed
over to him, and he sailed for Europe in the Spierdyh. In
informing the authorities of this the Cape Governor wrote
and said that Chenut was found as a sailor on board the
Noord in the Company's service, and had behaved himself
well.^

Having spoken of their arrival, settlement, church and
language, and mentioned something about one or two of
the fugitives, let us look at them as a community. That they
had come out at an opportune time, that they had brought
with them a knowledge of viticulture which had promoted
the advancement of the country, and that they had been
an aid to the general colonisation of the Cape has been
recorded in previous chapters. When we look, however,
at the correspondence between the Cape Government and
the Directors we are somewhat disappointed in this respect.
In some instances the opinion given of them by the Governor
is not too flattering. It is only right, therefore, that both
sides of the question should be laid open, to allow the reader
to judge for himself whether the statements recorded against
them were justifiable, or whether there was any under-
lying current of animosity which induced the Governor to
misrepresent these exiles.

At the time of their arrival the Refugees were received
in a kindly spirit. The readiness to convey them to their
new homes, the good subscription raised in the Colony, and
the appeal to Batavia for pecuniary assistance show a fellow
feeling for the exiles on the part of the Dutch. We find,
however, an earty outburst of anger by the Commander
upon their seeking his permission to establish their own
congregation. This must be carefully weighed if it is to be
accepted as evidence that he was against them. In March,
1689, news had reached the Cape that all Dutch ships in
French harbours had been seized, and that the November
previous France had declared war against Holland. During
the next two months Commander van der Stel had seized
two French ships in Table Bay, the Normande and Coche.
A year previous the King of France had presented him with
a gold chain and medallion containing a portrait of that
Sovereign as a token of gratitude for the kindness which he
had always shown towards the French. On accepting the
gift from the commander of the French man-of-war, he told
him he would inform the Directors of the fact, and ask

' Annexure to Letter, 15.12.1688, from the Chamber of Amsterdam.
C.513.

' I<etter, 20.6.1689. to Middelborg.

Refugees in Europe and Cape. 55

their permission to keep the present.^ He felt that, as
France was at war with the Netherlands, it would be wise
to obtain the consent of his superiors, who might otherwise
construe his action as revealing a tendency on his part to
favour the French cause were he to retain the presenta-
tion without referring the matter to them. When we
consider the caution he displaj'ed in the above instance,
we may well imagine that he probably took the request of
the Refugees as having some pohtical significance, and
feared that the new arrivals meditated forming themselves
into an opposing force, intending, when opportunity offered,
to help the French nation should they conceive the idea of
taking the Cape. We see this view expressed even in 1705,
for Landdrost Starrenburg of Stellenbosch, in speaking to
some of the Refugees, remarked that he was sure that if
the French ships did attack the Cape they would support
them against the Company. ^ Tlie matter of granting the
petitioners a separate congregation lay only in the power
of the Directors, and as the French had agreed to consider
themselves born Netherlanders, they were bound by the
same laws and regulations as the other colonists at the Cape.

During the first year or two after the arrival of the French
settlers, the letters to Holland about them were in a friendly
strain. In 1688 the Commander wrote to the Seventeen,
when he heard of their being sent out, and said, " We are
heartily glad that some of the French and other fugitives
are about to come out with their minister. We shall, as
far as lies in our power, receive them with love and kindly
feeling and unsparingly lend them a helping hand."^ He
further expressed the opinion that, if they conducted them-
selves as honestly and industriously as those who had
settled there a while ago, they would wonderfully establish
and strengthen the colony and generally arouse the greater
emulation of the Netherlanders. On the same day he wrote
to Delft that a helping hand and proofs of Christian love
would be given to them. He promised to provide them
with two French bibles and ten Psalm books.

Not many years after this the Commander wrote and
asked the Seventeen not to send out the wrong stamp of
agriculturists, who would be out of their element here, and
not fit for the hard life of the farmer. He wished no French
cadets or persons of quality to be sent out, but industrious
and well-behaved farmers and tradesmen, amongst whom

' Letter, 14.6.1688, to Chamber of Middelburg. C.755, p. 193.
' " Historische Reizen," Bogaert, p. 515.
Letter, 26.4.1688, to Chamber of Middelburg. C.755, pp. 62-65.

66 The French Refugees at the Cape.

the Dutch and Germans seemed to surpass all others here.
This shows that van der Stel was more partial to Dutch
settlers, and treasured the hope of keeping this purely as a
Dutch colony.^ His son, Wilhelm Adriaan van der Stel,
his successor as Governor of the Cape, also appears to have
desired that agriculturists from Holland should be sent out
to cultivate the land. When he wrote to the Chamber of
Middelburg and informed them of the safe arrival of some
French Refugees in the Wesihoven, he said that too many
of that sort were at the Cape already, and that some had
conducted themselves badly and did not possess much
knowledge of agriculture, exerting themselves little about
it, which had caused poverty amongst them. They were
likely to be a burden to the Company and poor fund.
Some were old and decrepit, and would be able to do nothing.
He would like in future to see that the Cape was not burdened
with such fugitives, but rather that Zeeland farmers of an
industrious type and well versed in agriculture be sent.
Should such feel inclined to come, they would be more
suitable and of more service and value to the Colony.^

Now Wilhelm Adriaan van der Stel had only been settled
a few months at the Cape when he wrote this, and one would
conclude that unless he had made a very special enquiry
into the conduct of the Refugees and their modus operandi,
he must have drawn his facts from some other source.
Each retiring Governor gave to his successor " Instructions "
which set forth such facts as to the work that had been
carried on in general during his term of office, and thus each
succeeding Governor profited by the experience of his
predecessor. To this were added some points of advice.
The Instructions of Simon van der Stel to his son are dated
the 30th March, 1699, and in several places bear reference
to the settlers at Drakenstein. He advised his son to be
careful in discharging any of the Company's servants in
order to allow them to live as burghers. They should be
of the reformed religion, subjects of the States General or
members of such Germanic nations as were not engaged
in sea traffic, lest the Government should be exposed to a
revolution. Should other nationalities populate the colony,
each one would adhere to his own nation, and thus the
defensive arrangements and precautions of the Government
would become useless. In this respect, he said, those of the

•Letter, 29.6. 1691, Chamber of Amsterdam. C.756, p. 114.
* Letter, 2.7.1699, to Chamber of Middelburg. C.759, p. 497.
Extract given on p. 160.

Refugees in Europe and Cape. 57

French nation, although they are settled here and well
received, are to be the least trusted.^

There should be some evidence in the records to justify
the statements made against the French emigrants or there
should be some proof to show that such are wrong or weak,
and do not hold a sinister meaning. Poverty and old age
come to the very best. While some are prosperous, others
are the reverse through no fault of their own. It could
not be expected that everyone would be successful, especially
as they were working under totally different conditions
from what they had been accustomed in Europe. The
surgeon du Plessis had tried his best at his profession, as
well as at farming, and was obliged to give it up in despair.
As he could not earn a living he returned to Europe in 1693,
with his wife and two children, but came back to South Africa
some years later. Mr. de Savoye, the gentleman who had
been a merchant at Ghent and had held public appointments
at the Cape, returned to Europe with his wife in 1712, and
on account of his poverty could not pay the full passage
money. Both these men, who had no doubt been looked
up to by their fellow countrymen at Drakenstein, did not
suffer poverty through their indolence. Pierre Batte, who
received assistance from the Batavian Fund in 1690, was
able to pay his passage and return to Europe in 1696, and the
following Refugees, who also received help in 1690, returned
to Europe after being able to pay their full ship money :
Louis Barre in 1705, Pierre Beneset in 1700, Pierre Sabatier
in 1700, and Daniel Bouvat or Couvat in 1708. These men
must have been industrious enough to put money by to
enable them to go back.

Black sheep will be found in every flock, and this was no
exception in the case of the French fugitives. In looking
d(5wn the list of names appearing in the criminal sentences
of the Court of Justice^ before 1700, it is gratifying to note
few names of the Refugees. In 1694 one of their number
was prosecuted for using his knife against a neighbour.^
The following year a Frenchman, Jean du Seine, was sen-
tenced to banishment to Mauritius for using seditious language,
du Seine was 25 years of age and born at Grison on the Italian
border. He had come to the Cape in 1691 on board the

' Instructien, 1686-1722 C.920. p. 582. Cape Archives.
" De f ranee Natie daar omtrent alhoewel hier geseeten en wel onthaalt
werdende minst van alien te vertrouwen "

^ The Court of Justice was the only court for trying criminal cases,
and the records of these are complete in the Archives.

" " Crimineele proces stukken, 1694." Records of the Court of Justice.

58 The French Refugees at the Cape.

L'Hirondelle, belonging to Admiral the Marquis due Quesne,
and, with several others, had been left on the Island of Diego
Rodrignes in proof of having taken that place. From here
he deserted to the Cape, and had been allowed by the Govern-
ment to live among the burghers. In 1695 he resided with
Pierre Rochefort at Stellenbosch. One day in June, 1695,
while conversing with the Refugees Pierre Meyer, Jacques
Theron, Pierre Vivier and Jacques La Bat, he had spoken
his mind rather freely, and expressed the wish that the
French were there. If they did come he would say, " Vive
plus fort." ^ As this was a time of unrest at the Cape, and an
attack from the French was anticipated, it was wrong to speak
in this strain to men who, although they had taken the oath
of allegiance to Holland, were nevertheless born Frenchmen.
The following year further reference to du Seine is found.
A price was put upon his head, £20 if alive and £10 if dead.
He and another soldier, commonly known as the Polish
Nobleman or Baron {in de wandelinge genaamt den Poolsen
Edelman oft Baron), were described as notorious rascals for
whose capture a reward was offered.^

In 1696 a burgher living at Drakenstein and born at Bortel
in Switzerland was charged with illicit cattle-bartering with
the natives, one of the gravest offences against which repeated
placaaten had been published.^ He was also banished to
Mauritius. It is possible that Simon van der Stel had
some of these cases in mind when he wrote his Instructions
of the 30th March, 1699, and spoke of some of the agricul-
turists who had wandered from farm to farm and become
vagabonds. These were made use of by the ill-disposed
for the purpose of cattle-trading with the natives. Perhaps
these cases had also been cited to his son when he wrote
his letter of the 2nd July, 1699.

' Res. 2.2.1696.

-Records of the Court of Justice, " Crimineele proces atufiken and
Sentciitien."

vian
y of

her
hrg
ied

^ife

ich

in

He

in
the
se.
ith
an
ich
he
ter

)e.

en
he
ve

en
=h
h
x-

30
It

l_'

Index to Signatures.

1. A. DEVILLIERS.

2. Pierre Vivier.
3.G. leroux.

4. Jacques Pinard.

5. JEAN TAILLEFERT.

6. Jaques Therono.

7. J. PRIEUR DU PLESIS J

8. Estienne Viret.

9. jacob de villiers.

10. E. NlEL.

11. ESTIENNE BRUERE.

12. P. MEYER.

13. D. D. BUISSON.

14. WlLLEMNEL.

15. PIERRE VILLIERS.

16. David SENEGAL.

17. Claude MARAis.
18. 1. Taillefort.

19. salomon degournay.

20 PHILLIPEFOUCHE.

21. PIERRE ROUSSEAU.

22. [PAUL] LEFEBURE.

23. FRANSOI RETIF.

24. Hercules Despres.

25. Gi. Sollier.

26. Pierre Simond >i>

27. Jean Durand.

28. Pierre Cronie.

29. gedeon le grand.

[cHIRURSltN.]

30. Jean Garde.

31. JAQUES LABAT.

32. Estienne Cronier.

33. Jean leroux.

34. J. MALAN.

35. Louis de Berault.

36. JACOBUS DE SAVOYE.

37. JEAN LEROUX.

[DI NORMANDII.J

38. GUILLIAM DU TOIT.

39. FRANCOIS DU TOIT.

40. JACOB NOUTIE [.ounin.]

41. DANIEL NOURTIER.

42. ABRAHAM BLEUSET.

43. ESAIAS COSTEUX.

44. JEAN DUTHUILE.

45. ANDRE GAUCH.

46. J. CLAUDOY DE CONDE.

47. J. DE Bus.

48. jean gardiol.

49. Pierre Jourdan.

50. danijel hugot.

51. paul couvret

52. daniel de ruelle.

53. Jacques de Porte.

54. Paul Roux.

f (jo)""

fr9/fch fiefug^as.

rmy0i- Gtnmm/s O/Fica, C^y>»

1^

CHAPTER VI.

LIST OF FRENCH REFUGEES WHO CAME TO
THE CAPE BETWEEN 1688 & 1700.

(Those marked with an asterisk received pecuniary assistance from the Batavian
Fund in 1690. The list of recipients is printed in Theal's " History of
South Africa before 1795," vol. 2, pp. 342-343.]

Note. — Names commencing with des, du, la, le, arranged under these prefixes.

AnthOI13rd6| Marie, mother-in-law of Louise Corbonne or her
husband Jean Mesnard, q.v., sailed in the Berg
China in 1688, then aged 64 ; probably died
on the voyage.

'Arni6l| IVIatthieu, received assistance for himself, wife

and two children. An agriculturist at French
Hoek, he was married to Jeanne Mille, born in
Provence in 1633 (died 17th March, 1731). He-
died in November, 1719, and, by the joint will in
1718 of himself and wife, left legacies to (i) the
Poor Fund of Drakenstein, (2) Susanna Fracasse,
daughter of Matthieu Fracass6, q.v. living with
her cousin Francois Ree in Amsterdam, (3) Jan
Roy (Roi ?), son of the agriculturist in French
Hoek, Jan Roy, q.v. After the death of the
survivor they appoint Jan Roy, Jr., heir after
his father's death.

Avic6, or
Avis,
Avic6, or
Avis,

Bache, or
Basche,

Sara of d'Chateau d'un, a spinster, sailed in 1688
in the Oosterlandt ; probably did not reach Cape.

Marie, living at Drakenstein in 1692 ; was then
the wife of Claude Marais of Plessis, q.v. She
died before 172 1, and does not appear to have
left issue.

Marguerite, a spinster, sailed in the Voorschooten
in 1688, then aged 23. In the Stellenbosch
Church books is the entry of baptism of Lysbeth
daughter of Hans Pieter van Malcheer and Mar-
garita Basse on 3rd August, 1692. See also
entry of baptism on 29th August, 1694, at
Drakenstein, page 10 1.

60

The French Refugees at the Cape.

Barilla,
=^Barre,

*Batte,
la Bat,

*Beluse,
Bleuset, or
Bluse,

*Benes8t, or
Benezet,

de Berault

(or

de Bereau),
de Berault

(or

de Bereau),

Pierre, with his wife, Dina van Soetermeer, did
not require assistance from the 1690 Fund. In
1692 they were hving in the Cape district, and
eight years after she is described as a widow.

Louis, on 26th February, 1700, Revd. Pierre
Simond, q.v., granted a power of attorney in
Barre's favour to recover certain money. He
returned to Europe in 1705.

Pierre, returned to Europe in 1696.
See Labat.

Abraham of Calais, born 1665; came in the Schelde
in 1688, in 1692 was Hving in the Cape
district unmarried, and in 1700 in Stellen-
bosch. An agriculturist, he married Elizabeth
Posseaux of Paris, q.v., widow of Jacob Bisseux,
q.v. He died on 25th July, 1735, and was
buried near his wife. In his will, filed in 1735,
he signs himself Bleuset, and is described as
" compagnon " in farming with Jean Manier,
q.v. His wife died in September, 1726, and was
buried in the churchyard at Cape Town. She
appears to have had children by her first hus-
band only.

Pierre, one of the first deacons of the French
congregation at Drakenstein in 1691, unmarried.
Returned to Europe in 1700.

Anne, wife of Revd. Pierre Simond, q.v.

Louis, brother of above, arrived in the Zuid
Beveland in 1688 with Rev. Simond and party,
although he was at the time a sergeant in the
service of the Dutch East India Company. He
accompanied the first expedition of the Noord
in October, 1688, to Rio de la Goa in search of
the wrecked men of the Stavenisse. He subse-
quently left the service and became a " freeman "
or free burgher at the Cape, and in 1690 was
deacon of the Cape Town Church ; the following
year he was one of the first elders of the newly-
formed French congregation at Drakenstein.
Although described in 1690 as married with

List of Arrivals from 1688.

61

Bevernage,
Bevernagie,

Bevernage,
Bevernagie,

three children,' his wife and children must have
died, for in his will, drawn up at Stellenbosch
in 1698, he makes his sister Anne his heiress,
and states that for eight or ten years he had not
heard from his friends. In 1682 Alexandrina
Maxwell, a spinster, was resident at the Cape,
and in a list of 1685 she appears as the wife of
Lodewyk Brureau, probably intended for Louis
de Berault.
Francina of Meerbrakel, Oudenaarden, married
here in 1700 to Jacob Mouton, q.v.

Bevernage,
Bevernagie,

Bisseux,

Joost, born at Brakel, as above, about 1684,
brother of Francina Bevernage ; arrived as a
" freeman " in 1700 in the Helmeet, and died on
30th September, 1738. An agriculturist at
Drakenstein, he was married to Anna van der
Wey, of the Cape, born about 1687.

TheuniS, born at Meerbrakel in 1691, and brother
of Joost ; apparently did not marry. After
leaving, by will dated 1724, a legacy to his
sister Francina, he instituted his brother Joost
as his heir. Will filed in 1736.

Jacques of Picardy, came in the Vosmaar in 1696
as " freeman," and died on iith June, 1723, and
was buried in the churchyard at Cape Town.
In 1720 he is described as a baker. His son
Pieter, by his first wife Marie le Febre (died 1700),
is described in 1729 as from " Middelburg in Zee-
land," and appears to have left no issue. Pieter
died in 1735. Jacques Bisseux remarried Eliza-
beth Posseaux of Paris, born 1682, q.v., and their
daughter, Elisabeth, married Albertus Bergh,
son of Captain Olof Bergh ; they also had a
son, Johannes Bisseux.
BOUrbOUnaiS, Jacob of Mons, a sailor in the service of the Dutch
East India Company ; in 1692 entered the
service of Pierre le Febre, a burgher of Stellen-
bosch, and two years later went over to Pierre
Rochefort, q.v. In 1712 he appears on the list
of burghers of Drakenstein.

Daniel, see Couvat.

Bouvat,
Brasier,

Paul, did not require assistance in 1690 ; two
years later was living in Cape district.

' See Distribution List in Theal's " History of South Africa before 1795,"
vol. 2, p. 343 (1909 edition). In his " History of South Africa 1486-1691 "
(1888 edition), p. 350, he gives amongst those who did not require assistance
the names of " Louis de Pierron, with wife and three children."

62

The French Refugees at the Cape.

Briet,

*Bruere

(now
Bruwer and
Bruwel),

Buisset,

*(le Buys, or
du Buis

(now found
as Buys),

*Carnoy,

Suzanne, see Taillefert.

Estienne of Blois, arrived in i688 in the Voor-
schooten ; then a bachelor, aged 23 years, and
described as a wagonmaker. In the 1690 Fund
he appears as " Estienne Bruere and his espoused
Esther de Ruelle," a daughter of Daniel de
Ruelle, q.v. Estienne Bruere signed himself as
Bruere. He remarried at Stellenbosch, on 19th
February, 1702, Anne du Puis of Amsterdam,
q.v. Descendants.

Maria, born at Sedan on the French frontier in
1678 ; married in January, 1700, at the Dom-
kerk, Amsterdam, ' to Jean Prieur du Plessis of
Poitiers, q.v., surgeon before his second arrival
at the Cape. By him she had Maria, born 1702,
Anna, 1704 and Pieter, August, 1708. On the
death of du Plessis, she married Dirk Snith of
Nieuwburg, surgeon, in 1711, who died about
1725. She died subsequently about 1751.
Maria Buisset practised in Cape Town as a
quaUfied midwife. In the church entry of
Anna's birth in 1704 the names of the sponsors
are Christoffel Buisset and Maria Buisset.

Jean of Calais/Paris, arrived in 1688 in the Ooster-
landt as an agriculturist ; married Sara Jacob
of Calais, daughter of the Refugee Pierre Jacob,
q.v.

Antoinette, widow of Phillipe de Clercq, merchant
of Doornik, and mother-in-law of Jacques de
Savoye of Aeth, q.v., merchant ; arrived in 1688
in the Oosterlandt. In 1698 she signed a power
of attorney in favour of Jean Bourla, merchant
of Amsterdam.

CaUCheteUX, see Costeux.

Cellier

Celliers,

Cillie,

Cilliers,

Sellier,

JOSUe of Orleans, born 1667, an agriculturist,
vinedresser and carpenter ; arrived in 1700 in
the Reygersdaal, with his wife Elizabeth Couvret,
born 1676 at Orleans. His farm was " De
Orleans " at Drakenstein, where he died in
October, 172 1, leaving five sons and five
daughters. Descendants.

Information from de Villiers' list in Hinde.

List of Arrivals from 1688.

63

de Clercq,
de Clercq,

now

de Klerk,

de Clercq,

now

de Klerk,
*Cloudon,

Cochet, or
Couchet,

*Corbonne,

Corbonne,

"^Cordier

(occasionally
found now
spelt
Cortje),

Costeux, or
Caucheteux,

Marie Madeleine of Tournay, daughter of Phillipe
de Clercq and Antoinette Carnoy ; was married
to Jacques de Savoye, q.v.

Abraham of Straaskerke alias Serooskerke, Wal-
cheren Island, son of Pieter de Clercq and Sara
Cochet, arrived in 1688 in the Oosterlandt, in the
service of the Dutch East India Company ;
married at Stellenbosch, 12th May. 1709, to
Magdalena Mouton of Middelburg.

Jeanne, sister of above, married Andre Gaucher,
q.v.

Jean of Cond6, a shoemaker, came in 1688 in the
Oosterlandt ; appears on roll of Drakenstein

inhabitants in 1700 ; unmarried.

Sara of Oosterhoebrugh, Walcheren, widow of
Pieter de Clercq ; living in 1687 at Serooskerke,
when she came out to the Cape to marry Guil-
laume du Toit, q.v. See de Clercq above.

Louis, arrived in 1688 in Berg China, aged 20, then
described as a bachelor and cousin of Pierre
le Grange ; died 1700.

Louise, wife of Jean Mesnard, q.v.

Louis, with his wife Francoise Martinet and four
children, received assistance in 1690 ; was an
agriculturist, and one of the first elders of the
French congregation at Drakenstein ; died in
1702. They must have arrived about 1688,
for the next year their son, Jacques Cordier,
was baptised, and in his will, dated 1713, the
latter states his age as 25 years.

This family came from Marcq, or Marck, near Calais,
and their names are found in the Registers of
the Protestant church at Guisnes. On the 13th
November, 1672, Esaye Caucheteux, labourer,
aged 25, son of the late Anthoine Caucheteux
and late Elizabeth Chnquemeur (she died at
Marcq, 14th June, 1672, aged 69), was married
to Suzanne Albert, aged 22, daughter of Pitre
Albert and the late Noelle de Bus. The follow-
ing baptisms of their children ,are noted :

Esaye Caucheteux, born 23rd September,
1673, at Fort Brule (sponsor Isaac Car-
penter and Sara Albert) ;

64

The French Refugees at the Cape.

Couteau,
*Gouvat,

Suzanne Caucheteux, born i8th October,

1676, at Marcq ;
Pierre Caucheteux, born 21st May, 1679, at

Marcq ;
Jean and Marie Caucheteux, twins, born 7th

December, 1682, at Marcq (Marie died

young).

*C0St6IJX, Esaias, ^ Children of Esaias Costeux and Susanne

Jean, y Albert, French Refugees from Marcq,
Susanne, j near Calais. In the 1690 list Esaias and
Susanne are described as two orphans now living
with Nicolaas Kleef (or Cleef). Esaias became
an agriculturist in Stellenbosch district, and
died in 1708, leaving a widow Anna van Marse-
veen (van Marcevene) but no issue, his brother
and sister being his heirs in 1709. The widow
married Abraham Prevot of Calais, g.v. Susanne
Costeux married (before 1694) Gerrit Meyer
(probably a Refugee) and died about 1714.
Jean, like the foregoing, was born at or near
Calais, 1682, and married at Cape Town, 22nd
May, 1712, Anna Gildenhuys of the Cape, born
1699 ; he was buried in June, 1713, in the
churchyard at^ Cape Town. He returned to
Europe in 1718 ; signed Costeux.

Marie of Soudiere in Dauphine, see Pierre Lombard.

Daniel. The names Daniel Bouvat and Daniel
Couvat are met with in the records. I am of
opinion they refer to the same person, and I
have treated them as such. Described as a
French Refugee. Given permission in 1708 to
return to Europe. In 1702 he entered into a
contract with Pierre Rousseau, and is described
in the body of the document as " Daniel Boat,
free agriculturist living at Drakenstein " ; he
signs it D. Bouvat. In 1694 also described as
French Refugee Daniel Boat.

COUVfet, Paul, arrived in 1700 in the Reygersdaal with his

wife Anne Vallete, born at Bazoze near Orleans,
and a little child Anna Ehzabeth. He lived at
Paarl and was an agriculturist, a vinegrower
and shoemaker, and in 1712 returned to Europe
with wife and four children.

COllVret, Elizabeth of Orleans, wife of Josue Cellier, q.v.

She was probably a sister of Paul. She and her
husband also arrived in the Reygersdaal.

List of Arrivals from 1688.

65

Cronier,
Crosnier,

now

Cronje,

D'Atis,
DeSport,
*des Pres,
du Pre, now
du Preez,

des Pres,
du Pre, now
du Preez,

*des Pres,
du Pre, now
du Preez,

des Pres,
du Pre,
du Preez,

des Pres,
du Pre,
du Preez,

Estienne and Pierre of Normandy, two brothers,
who came out in 1698 in the Driebergen. Estienne
an agriculturist, owned the farms " Champagne "
and " Olyvenhout," in Wagonmakers Valley.
He died, unmarried, 2nd September, 1724.
Pierre, born in 1671, married Susanna Taillefert
(died 13th February, i724),widowof Jean Garde,
q.v.,a.nd daughter of the Refugee Isaac Taillefert,
q.v. Pierre Cronier died 2nd September, 1718,
and left issue, who were the heirs of his brother.
His son Pierre, from whom the South African
Cronje descends, married Susanna Roi.

Cecilia, see Dumont and des Pres.

See de la Porte.

Hercule of Cortryk, now Courtrai, arrived in 1688
in the Schelde with his wife Cecilia D'Atis and
four children. In 1690 he received help for
himself and five children. He must have died
about 1695. In the inventory of his deceased
estate he is stated to have left six children. The
widow remarried Pierre Dumont, q.v. Descen-
dants of Hercule des Pres. The children were :

Hercule of Courtrai, a member of the Court of
Landdrost and Heemraden of Stellenbosch and
Drakenstein, and Captain of the Burgher
Cavalry, died 9th May, 1721. He married (i)
Marie le Febre, by whom he had issue, (2)
Corneha Vilhon (Viljoen). He signed himselJf
as des Pres. He took an active part in the
movement against Governor Willem Adriaan
van der Stel.

Elizabeth of Courtrai. She was sponsor on 24th
May, 1688, to Charles Prevot, baptised on the
Schelde. She married Pieter Jansz van Marseveen
(van Marcevene), who died 1728, and by him
left (i) Anna, married Abraham Prevot, (2)
Cecilia, married Charles du Plessis, (3) Pieter.

Marie Jeanne, described in her will as of Bethune,
married Jacques Theron of Nismes, q.v.

Philippe of Courtrai, an agriculturist, married
Elizabeth Prevot, born 1683 at Marcq, near
Calais, daughter of Charles Prevot, q.v. They
had a large family.

66

The French Refugees at the Cape.

des Ruelles,
Drouiif,

""du Buis,
du Buisson,

Dumont,

^du Plessis,

See de Ruelle.

Phillipe, came m the Driebergen in 1(398, and two
years later was living as an agriculturist in the
Stellenbosch district. His will, proved 29th
September, 1702, instituted as his heir the
Refugee Gideon Malherbe " for his true friend-
ship shown to me." On the 7th December,
1701, the Directors of the Dutch East India
Company wrote to the Cape Government and
said : " JP.S. — Henri Rou, refugee minister, has
given us a bag marked P.D.X.X. containing
/ 142 : 10 to be delivered to the French fugitive
Philip Drouin of the Cape. We could not refuse
to accede to this pious request, as it was an
inheritance sent to us out of his father's estate,
who had died in France." This money was
handed over to the Cape Orphan Chamber,
which paid it to Gideon Malherbe as heir.

See de Buys.

David of Rochelle, married in August, 1707, to
Claudine Lombard, daughter of the Refugee
Pierre Lombard, q.v. In 1716 he was living in
Hottentots Holland, and died in 1722. He was
schoolmaster to the children of Pierre Joubert.

Pierre [Robert], an agriculturist at Drakenstein,
in 1700 married Cecilia D'Atis, widow of Hercules
des Pres, Sr. She died 15th November, 1720, and
was then living on the farm "Soetendal" in
Drakenstein.

Jean Prieur, born at Poitiers in Poitou in 1638, a
surgeon, arrived in 1688 in the Oosterlandt with
his wife Madelaine Menanteau, or Menanto, of
Poitiers. In 1694 he returned to Europe with his
wife and two children in the ship Sir Jansland, as
he could earn very little either by his profession
or as a farmer. His wife must have died in
Europe, for in January, 1700, at the Domkerk,
Amsterdam, he married Maria Buisset of
Sedan, q.v., with whom he returned to the Cape.
By the first wife he had Charles du Plessis,
born 1688, Jean Louis du Plessis, born 1691.
According to his will with Maria Buisset, the
names of their children are given as Marie,
born 1702, Anne, 1704, and Pieter, 1708. There
was a Judith du Plessis, who in her will stated

List of Arrivals from 1688.

67

du Preez,

du Puis,
du Puys,

du Puys,
du Puys,

she was born in Ireland, probably a daughter
born on the return voyage to South Africa.
Descendants.

du PiGSSiS, Charles, son of the above, born on the Oostcrlandt
and baptised on board in Table Bay on the i8th
April, 1688 ; married in 1712 Cecilia Marcevene
(or van Marseveen), and died i8th September,
1737. On 5th Januar5% at Drakenstein, his
widow married Wynand Louw, bachelor, sur-
geon in the Hospital. Charles du Plessis was
probably apprenticed to his father, as we find
him practismg as a surgeon.

See des Pres.

Anne Martin, widow of Jean du Puis, by whom
she had Anne Madeleine and Susanna. She
remarried Salomon de Gournay, q.v. (see will in
Stellenbosch Archives made out in her name
and that of her second husband).

Anne Madeleine of Paris, daughter of above, mar-
ried David Seneschal, or Senecal, of Dieppe, q.v.

Susanna, sister of Anne Madeleine, married 19th
February, 1702, to Estienne Bruere of Blois, q.v.
In 1695 she stood sponsor at Drakenstein to a
child of David Senecal.

In the Guisnes Church Register there are several
references to the family of du Puis. In 1668
Daniel des Ruelles, who came to the Cape, was
present at the marriage of Jean du Puy and
Marie Facon. In 1679 Marie du Puy died, and
the entry of her death was witnessed by Suzanne
and Anne du Puis.

^QllfQIld Jean of La Motte Chalan9on in Dauphine, born

about 1669, a surgeon and farmer at Draken-
stein, died March, 1727 ; was heir of Jean
Parisel, q.v. He was a member of the Court
of Landdrost and Heemraden, and married (i)
at Cape Town, 29th February, 1702, Anna Ver-
meulen of the Cape, born 1686, (2) Wilhelmina
van Zijl of Haarlem. Descendants.

Durier, Marie Catarina, widow of Guillaume de Haas,

lived at French Hoek ; her will, dated nth
August, 1718, was witnessed by Jean Gardiol
and Andre Huibaux.

du TuillGt, Jean, arrived in 1698 in the Driebergen. He was
an agriculturist at Drakenstein.

68 The French Refugees at the Cape.

FOUChe, Gasper, sailed in the Voorschooien in 1688, aged 21

3'ears ; probably he died on the way out.

*FOllChe, Philippe, arrived 1688 in the Voorschooien with

his wife Anne Fouche and children, Anne, aged
6, Esther, 5 and Jacques, 3. In 1690 he received
assistance for himself, wife and two children,
and in 1692 had four children. Descendants
living.

FOUrie, Louis, an agriculturist in the Wagonmakers

Valley, where, in 1699, he received a grant of
land and called it Slange Rivier ; here he lived
until his death, which must have been about
1750, when an inventory in his estate was filed.
In terms of his will this place was to devolve
upon his son Louis Fourie, who waived his right,
and it was purchased at auction by Gabriel
Rossouw. He owned another place, Zeekoe-
drift, on the Gouritz River. Louis Fourie, sen.
married (i) Susanna Cordier. daughter of the
Refugee Louis Cordier, q.v. ; she died about
1715, and he married (2) Anna Jourdan,
daughter of Pierre Jourdan, q.v. At his death
he left five children or representatives by the
first wife and eight children by the second.

^Fr&CaSSe, Matthieu of Provence, born 1662, agriculturist

at Drakenstein, arrived 1688 in Berg China ;
married Jeanne Cordier, daughter of the Refugee
Louis Cordier, q.v. He had a son Jean Fracasse,
baptized 27th July, 1698, and a daughter
Elizabeth, baptized 15th May, 1701 (probably
died young). His third child was Susanna,
who was living in Amsterdam in 1718, having
been left a legacy by Matthieu Arniel, q.v.
Matthieu Fracasse must have returned to
Europe before 17 13, as his brother-in-law
Jacques Cordier refers to him as being in
Holland.

Furct, Jean, sailed in 1688 in Berg China, a bachelor, aged

18 ; probably died on the way out.

*G3rd6, Jean, an agriculturist at Drakenstein ; at the

distribution in 1690 he was then unmarried,
being in partnership with Jean Durand. In
1691 he received a grant of land, on which the
farm Rhone is. He married Susanna Taillefert,

List of Arrivals from 1688.

69

daughter of the Refugee Isaac Taillefert, q.v.
In 1704 her name appears on the hst of inhabi-
tants of the Cape district as his widow. She
remarried before 1710 the Refugee Pierre
Cronier, q.v., and after his death in 1718 she
married Jacob Naude, q.v. p. 95. Jean Garde had
two children, Jean, born I70i,and Susanna, 1703,
who married Josue Joiibert, son of the Refugee
Pierre Joubert, q.v. Jean died 27th January,
1784, unmarried, having bought in 1724 the
farm Versailles from the estate of his mother.
It is interesting to note that attached to the
inventory of Mrs. Naude's estate in 1724 is a
document of monies due written in French, and
that in connection with her funeral expenses
this statement appears, " for the service in the
church in the French language, 3 rixdollars."

GsrCllOl, Jean. His name appears on the burgher roll of

Drakenstein for 1690, when he was living at
Drakenstein, and is mentioned as "compagnon"
with the three brothers de Vilhers. In 1700 he
was livmg in the Stellenbosch district, being
unmarried. At first one is inclined to associate
him with the previous name, Jean Garde, and
conclude he is one and the same as suggested in
a footnote to de Vilhers' hst,^ but this cannot
be. Jean Garde died before 1704, as his widow's
name appears on list of inhabitants of the Cape
district, when that of Jan Gardiol is given as a
resident of Drakenstein. We find the signature
of Jean Gardiol as witness to an inventory in
1722, and in 1725 his name appears amongst
the church members of Drakenstein. He died
in 1738. Probably the following two were his
sisters.

Gardiol, Marguerite of Provence, born 1674, married before

1695 Jacob de Villiers, q.v., died at Drakenstein
in 1716.

Gardiol, Susanne, sister of above, born at de la Coste,

Provence ; married in 1689 Abraham de Vilhers
of la Rochelle, q.v., who died 31st March, 1720.
She married secondly Claude Marais, q.v., with
whom she entered into an antenuptial contract
on the 13th October, 1721.

' Information from de Villiers' List in Hinde.

70

The French Refugees at the Cape.

Gaucher,
now
Gous,
Gouws,

Gaucher,

now
Gous,
Gouws,

^Godefroy,

Goiraud,

^Gournai, or
de Gournay,

Grillion,
Gros,

Andre of Languedoc, came out in the Spierdyk in

1690 to earn his Hving as a blacksmith and
agriculturist ; married at the Cape, 19th August,

1691 (then a widower), to Jeanne le Clair
(de Clercq) of Zeeland. In 1690 he required no
assistance from the Fund. Jeanne le Clair or
le Clercq (she signed du Klerk) was the daughter
of Sara Cochet, q.v., then the wife of Guillaume
du Toit and formerly married to Pieter le Clercq.
Jeanne was probably also born at Straaskerke
in Walcheren Island, where her brother Abraham
q.v. was born. Andre Gaucher had been pre-
viously married before coming out, for in 1698
monies from his deceased estate were paid
into the Orphan Chamber on behalf of his
children, Steven (Estienne) aged 14, described
as being a child of a former marriage. Pieter 5,
Sara, 3 and Andries, 6 weeks. Pieter and Andries
left descendants.

Steven of Geneva, son of above, married here in
1719 and left descendants.

Paul, born 1666, arrived in the Voorschooten in
1688 ; died at Dal Josaphat, Drakenstein, 1699.
[Le Maire de la Rochelle en 1627 etait Jean
Godefroy aine Sr. de Richard.]

Pierre, sailed in 1688 in the Berg China with his
wife Francoise Rousse ; he was then aged 30
and she 28 years ; they apparenth'^ died on the
voyage.

Salomon, came in the Ziiid Beveland in 1688, an
agriculturist at Drakenstein ; in 1694 was
granted by Governor van der Stel the farm
Salomon's Valley at Drakenstein. He married
Anna Martin, widow of Jean du Puis (du Puys),
and had a child in 1693. His eldest brother,
Jean de Gourna3', was living in 1712 in London,
where Salomon returned in 1718. He held the
office of elder in the Drakenstein congregation.
Signed himself as de Gournay.

Marie, wife of Gideon Malherbe, q.v.
Antonie,

List of Arrivals frotti 1688.

71

Hanseres, or
Hanseret,

^Hugod,

HugOt, now
Hugo,

Gerard, born at St. Omer in Artois 1652, son of
Lyvin Hanseres and Francoise de Beavois,
citizens of St. Omer (both died there). Gerard
was a mason at Stellenbosch, and married
Gabrilla Waerand (or Wavrant, dead in 1702).
They had Jan Joseph, born at St. Omer 1684,
and Maria Gabrilla, also born there, 1679, both
children living at their birthplace in 1702. By
a will which he made in 1712, only Maria Gabrilla
appears to be living. He left legacies to the
following people residing at St. Omer : Anna
Gassier, widow, 300 guldens ; Nicolaus Dannel.
Master mason and his " compeer," Omes du Bois,
Master Mason, each a like sum, and 70 guldens
to Jan la Mory, Potter. In 1718 he left for
Europe.

Daniel, born 1663-5, a smith, his name found m
the Stellenbosch records on 6th August, 1689.
On ist August, 1691, received grant of the land
on which is the farm Sion, Drakenstein, where
he carried on agricultural pursuits. Daniel
Hugo, who signed himself Hugot, was a member
of the Court of Landdrost and Heemraden. He
married Anna, daughter of the Refugee Pierre
Rousseau, q.v., and died 1724-5. Descendants.
See Blignault in list further on.

Jean,^ bom at Nismes, Languedoc, an agriculturist
at Drakenstein, received grant of land of farm
Languedoc, along the Palmiet River. He died
1723, and instituted as his heir Pierre Joubert
of Provence, agriculturist at Drakenstein, in
recognition of faithful services rendered. He
does not appear to have married.

Pierre of Calais, with wife and three children,
received assistance in 1690. In the registers of
the Protestant church at Guisnes will be found
the baptismal entries of the children of a Jacob
and his wife Suzanne de Vos ; several of them
died in Europe. He arrived here before 1690 with
his wife and three children, Daniel, Sara and
Suzanne. Pierre Jacob died before 1698. and
his widow married Nicolas de Lanoy, q.v.. and
in the inventory of her estate in 1708 she gives

It seems that he was taken to be a Joubert, de Villiers' List and Theal's
History.

^Imbert,

* Jacob, now
Jacobs and

Jacobse,

72

The French Refugees at the Cape.

Jacob, now
Jacobs and

Jacobse,

now
Jacobs and

Jacobse,

Jacob, now
Jacobs and

Jacobse,

Jacob, now
Jacobs and

Jacobse,
^Joubert,

^Jourdan,

now

Jordaan,

the names of her three children as above.
Descendants. The following three were his

children :

Daniel of Calais, born 14th September, 1673, at
Vieille Eglise, not far from Calais, son of above.
A farmer at Drakenstein, he married Louise
Cordier, daughter of the Refugee Louis Cordier,
q.v. Their son Pieter was baptised at Draken-
stein on 14th October, 1703. According to the
inventory in his estate in 1713 he left six children.

Sara of Calais, born 7th October, 1677, at Vieille
Eglise. Married (i) Daniel Terrier, q.v. ; three
children baptised at Drakenstein, a son Pierre
in 1699 ; no descendants in male line. (2) Jean
du Buis, q.v.

Suzanne of Calais, married Gerrit van Vuuren,
and died about 1696.

Elsie. An Elsie Jacob stood sponsor at a baptism
in Drakenstein church on 9th March, 1697, and
on several occasions thereafter.

Pierre of de la Motte d'Aigues in Provence, born
1663,-1665, arrived in the Berg China in 1688
with his wife Isabeau Richard of Provence, born
1668-1670 According to Captain Hinde he
married, on ist February, 1688, Susanne Reyne
de la Roque, of d'Autheron in Provence, " tous
deux embarquirent dans le vaisseau le Mont de
Sinai faissant voile pour le Cap de Bonne
Esperance . . ." He suggests that the wife was
the same as Susanne Rene, q.v., who must have
died in Holland or on the voyage, as he arrived
with Isabeau Richard. He was an agriculturist
and possessed many farms at Drakenstein.
Pierre Joubert died 31st June, 1732, and his
widow 1748. The farms owned at the time of
her death were Bellingham, granted in 1695,
Lamorin, La Roche, La Motte, La Provence
and De Plaisante, the latter being at Waveren
(Tulbagh). Descendants.

Jean of Cabriere, born 1660, arrived 1688 in Berg
China, son of Jeanne Marthe widow Jourdan,
q.v. He married Elizabeth (or Isabeau) le Long,
and died before January, 1699, when he was

List of Arrivals from 1688.

73

Jourdan,

now

Jordaan,

Jourdan,

now

Jordaan,

Jourdan,

now

Jordaan,
*Jourdan,

now

Jordaan,

Labat,

stated to have possessed the farm La Motte. He
left five minor children. His youngest daughter
was baptised after his death, see p. 105.

Jeanne Marthe, widow, sailed in the Berg China in

1688, aged 60 years, probably died on way out.

Marie, a widow, aged 40 in 1688, when she sailed
in Berg China with her daughters Jeanne Rousse
(Roux), aged 15, Marie Rousse, 10 and Marguerite,
7. The mother and Jeanne probably died on
the voyage. For Marie and Marguerite, see
under Roux.

Paul, born 1666, a bachelor, sailed in the Berg
China in 1688, apparently died on board. He
was 'cousin germain' to Pierre Jourdaan
and Andre Pelanchon q.v.

Pierre. In the Berg China two Pierres Jourdan,
both bachelors and both aged 24 years, sailed
from Holland and arrived at the Cape, both
appearing on the distribution list of i6go, and
in 1692, in a list of inhabitants of Drakenstein,
appear the names of Pierre Jourdan in partner-
ship with Louis Barre and Pierre Jourdan of
Cabriere. Of the latter the following particulars
are found. He was the son of the widow Jeanne
Marthe and married Anna Fouche, who died
about 1713, leaving children Anna, aged 15,
Joseph, 12, Susanna, 16. He next married Maria
Verdeau, daughter of the Refugee Hercule
Verdeau, q.v. In the joint will of these two,
executed in 1719, he described himseLf as
between 56-57 and she as 19 years of age. He
lived on the farm Cabriere, which came to his
son Joseph, in whose deceased estate it is
recorded that two silver spoons and one silver
fork were given to his children "in remembrance
of their grandfather." Pierre Jourdaan died
28th October, 1723.

Jacques, born at Fontenay le Comte, Poitou, son of
Jacques Labat and Susanne Laurent; his name
appep.rs on the burgher rolls at the Cape in 1693 ;
in 1605 he was described as from Bordeaux. See
page '52.

74

The French Refugees at the Cape.

Labat,

la Batte,

la Grange,
Lanoy, or
de Lanoy,

"^Lanoy, or
de Lanoy,

Lanoy, or
de Lanoy,

de ia Ports,
(

now

*LaTatte,

Lauret,

Lecheret,

Legeret,

Leseret,

le Fsbre, or
le Febure,

Nicolas, brother of above, married at Drakenstein,
13th June, 1717, to Elizabeth Vivier, when he is
described as of Poinetri. His name appears in
1692. and he died 30th December, 1717.

Jeanne of Saumur, born 1663, wife of Guillaume

Niel or Nel, q.v.

See le Grange.

Marie of Auhs (died 1704), married at Stellenbosch
in 1698 to Hans Hendrik Hatting of Spyer.
Another (probably same) Marie Lanoy married
Hary Lecrevent, Lescervain or Lekervain. It
seems that his name was corrupted into Ary
Lekkerwyn, for in the inventory of his estate in
1697 Marie de Lanoy is described as his widow.
Their first child, baptised i8th January, 1696 :
Marie Lanoy, mentioned as sponsor on 22nd
April, 1695. See Drakenstein baptisms.

Nicolas, MattSlieu, his brother and their mother re-
ceived assistance in 1690. Nicolas married in 1698
to Susanne de Vos, widow of Pierre Jacob, q.v.,
and she died in 1708, leaving no issue by him.

Susanne, was sponsor in 1696 to son of Daniel

Nortier at Drakenstein.

Jacques of Ryssel (now Lille), arrived in 1699 in
the Cattendyk with his wife Sara Vitu or Vitout,
q.v. He was an agriculturist at Drakenstein,
and died on the 9th December, 1739, his wife
having predeceased him in 1724. In the
Drakenstein (Paarl) church register the follow-
ing appears : " Jacque de porte et Sara Vitout
il on presante eux meme un petit enfant que
dieu Leur a donne, au saint bapteme le 4
Octobre, 1699." For reference to the Vitu
family see under that name. Several descen-
dants living.

Nicolaas, likely meant for Nicolas Labat ?

see Loret.

Jean of Champagne, came as a freeman in the
Agatha in 1693, a burgher at Drakenstein ;
returned to Europe in 1716.

Paul, a surgeon of Chaurry, married firstly Eliza-
beth Taillefert, daughter of Jean Taillefert,

List of Arrivals from 1688.

75

apothecary at Chateau Thierry, from where
Isaac Taillefert, q.v., came. Paul arrived in the
service of the Dutch East India Company, and
practised as a surgeon at Stellenbosch. He
married secondly EHzabeth Sezille (Sisilha),
and two children of this marriage were baptised
at the Cape in 1699 and 1701 respectively. In
1705 with his wife and two children he returned
to Europe.

le FevrG, IVIarle of Marcq, near Calais, daughter of David

• le Fevre and Elizabeth le Bleu, married (i)
Charles Preuost or Prevot, q.v., (2) H. Eekhofl[,
(3) Louis de Perrone, q.v.

le Grand, Gideon, a surgeon, in 1698 was living in the
Stellenbosch district, and died in 1710, leaving
no heirs at the Cape but a brother, Abraham
le Grand, living at Haarlem. He was a Heem-
raad of Drakenstein.

*Ie Grange, Pierre of Cabrlere in Provence, born circa 1664,
arrived in 1688 in Berg China ; married on i6th
November, 1704, Margaretha Kool of Amster-
dam, born circa 1690. Descendants.

le Long, Charles, son of Jean le Long, q.v., arrived in 1688

in the Zuid Beveland as a freeman, see pp. 9 & 91 .

le Long, Elizabeth, wife of Jean Jourdan, q.v., and Jacques

Malan, q.v.

*le Long Marie. When she received assistance in 1690 was

married to Adriaan van Wyk.

le Riche Louis, arrived in 1698 in the Driebergen, married

' Susanna Fouche ; died 8th October, 1732.

*le ROUX Jean of Normandy, married to Maria de Haase of

Ryssel (Lille). He signed himself as le Roex,
mentioned in Stellenbosch records in 1690.

*le ROUX, Jean of Blois, born 1667, arrived in 1688 in the

Voorschooten, and was married to Jeanne Mouy.
On the 8th November, 171 1, a posthumous son
of his, Daniel, was baptised in the Drakenstein
church. He left three sons and one daughter.

*le ROUX, Gabriel of Blois, born 1671, brother of the above,

arrived in 1688. He married Maria Catherina
le Febre. When Daniel le Roux was baptised, a
posthumous son of Gabriel was also christened
Gabriel on the same day. At his death he left
five minors.

76 The French Refugees at the Cape.

^Lombdrd, Pierre of Pointais (Pontaix) in Dauphine, born
1658; in the 1690 distribution described as
" a sick man with wife and one child." He
married Marie Couteau of Soudiere in Dauphine,
born 1659, who died ist April, 1718. He was
an agriculturist at Drakenstein. Descendants.

Loret, Guillaume of Nantes, born 1671, came out in 1695,

died at Drakenstein 5th January, 1718 ; married
Elisabeth Joubert, daughter of the Refugee
Pierre Joubert. On i8th May, 1696, he signed
a power of attorney in favour of Revd. Petrus
de Joucourt, minister of the French congregation
at Middelburg. He left only daughters. In a
letter in 1707 to Governor W. A. van der Stel,
the Rev. Beck refers to Loret as a French
Refugee who nine years previous was a Roman
Catholic, but had made public confession of
the reformed religion. See Spoelstra's " Bouw-
stoffen," vol. i, pp. 50-52.

Antoine, sailed in the Berg China in 1688 with his
wife Elisabeth Verdette and daughter. He was
38 and she 23 years and their child ten months.
All three probably died on the voyage.

Jean, was made a deacon of the French congrega-
tion in 1698, and elder in 1700. See Manier.

Jacques, married Elizabeth le Long, widow of
Jean Jourdan. He lived at Hottentots Holland,
and was a member of the Court of Landdrost
and Heemraden of Stellenbosch. She died in
1736, and at her death the estate possessed
farms " De Faisante Kraal " on the Bot River
and one in Hottentots Holland. In 1713
Jacques Malan was given in freehold the farm
La Motte, which he had held since 1694. See
Roux, Pierre. Descendants.

^IVIalherbe, Gideon, bom 1663, arrived in 1688 in the Voor-
schooten ; was then a bachelor ; in the 1690
distribution hst he is described " with wife,"
who was Marie Grillion. Gideon Malherbe was
an agriculturist, and died in 1723, leaving issue.
Two farms mentioned in his deceased estate
were " De Groene Fonteyn " and " Hexenberg,"
vide Drouin. Descendants.

Madan,

* Magnet,

* Malan,

List of Arrivals from 1688.

77

Manier,
(Manie,
Manje),

'Mantior,

'Marais,

Marais,

Marais,

Marais,

Mare
(Marees).

Jean, born at Calais, an agriculturist in partner-
ship with Abraham Bleuset at Dal Josaphat.
His name is found on 15th March, 1688, and
in his will made jointly with Bleuset in 1704,
and witnessed by Pierre Rousseau and Jacques
Therond, he gave his age as 55 years. In 1700
he stood sponsor to a child of Theron. Is it
probable that Jean Magnet and Jean Manier
are the same ?

Zacharie. In his will, dated 1720 and filed 22nd
August, 1731, he is described as an old man.
having no relatives or friends, and leaves his
property to the Drakenstein church on condition
they support him during his lifetime.

Charles of Plessis, arrived in 1688 in the Voor-
schooien with his wife Catherine Taboureux and
four children, Claude, aged 24, Charles, 19, Isaac,
16 and Marie, 6. In April, 1689, he was mur-
dered at Drakenstein by a Hottentot. His
widow and four children received help from
the Fund. Descendants.

Claude of Plessis Marie, near Paris (the name given
to the farm where the Marais family first settled)
was one of the first elders chosen for the French
congregation in 1691. In 1692 the name of
his wife is given as Maria Avice, q.v., and on the
13th October, 1721, he executed an antenuptial
contract with Susanna Gardiol, q.v., born at de la
Coste in Provence, widow of Abraham de Villiers.
She died about 1729, at which time Claude
Marais possessed the following property : a house
in Cape Town and the farms Meerlust, Lekker-
wyn, Plessis Marie and Wei van Pas.

Charles of Plessis, son of Charles Marais, died 7th
August, 1735 ; married Anne de Ruelle of
Guisnes, daughter of the Refugee Daniel de
Ruelle, q.v. Many descendants of Charles Marais
living.

Marie, who describes herself in 1716 in her will
with her first husband, Estienne Niel, as aged
34 years and born at " Hierpoix," probably
Hurepois, south of Paris ; she was the daughter
of Charles, and married secondly Pierre Taillefert,
and thirdly, in 1734, Pieter Booysen.

Ignace or Ignatius, married at Cape Town on 7th
February, 1706, to Susanna van Vuuren, spinster

78

The French Refugees at the Cape.

Marthe,

Martin,

''^ Martin,

"^Martineau,

Martinet,
Menanteau,
"^Mesnard,

now
Minnaar,

Mesnard,

now
Minnaar,

* Meyer,

of the Cape. In the marriage entry he is said
to be a widower and of Calabria. In 1707 he
was granted permission by Governor van der
Stel to hve at Drakenstein. Descendants.

Jeanne, widow Jourdan, sailed in Berg China in
1688 ; was then 60 years old ; died on the voyage.

Anne, married Jean du Puis, q.v., and Salomon
de Gournay.

Antonie, bom at Uzes (d'Uses) in Languedoc about
1664, arrived in 't Wapen van Alkmaar in 1688,
and lived at Drakenstein. Inventory in his
deceased estate dated 1699. He had only one
hand.

Michel, living at Drakenstein in 1690 and working
in partnership with Pierre Rousseau, Jean
Cloudon and Francois Retief.

Francoise, wife of Louis Cordier, q.v.

Madeleine, wife of Jean Prieur du Plessis, q.v.

Jean of Provence, born circa 1659, arrived in
Berg China 1688 with his wife Louise Corbonne
and six children, Jeanne, 10, George, 9, Jacques,
8, Jean, 7, Phillippe, 6, and a baby of five
months. In 1690 he was a widower with four
children.

Philippe of Provence, son of above ; only one to
marry and leave issue ; married in 1712 Jeanne
Mouy. Descendants.

Pierre of Dauphine, born 1668, arrived in 1688.^
One of the first deacons of the French congre-
gation ; married Aletta de Savoye, daughter
of Jacques de Savoye of Aeth, q.v. Descendants.

Jeanne of Provence, see Arniel.

Jacques of Steenwerk (Steenwerck), near Ryssel
(Lille), arrived in 1699 in the Donkervliet ; was
an agriculturist at Drakenstein, and married
(i) Catherine I'Henriette, by whom he had Jacob,
Antonie and Marie (she remained in Europe
and married Pierre le Roy) ; (2) Maria de Villiers,
(3) Francina de Bevernage, q.v. He settled on
the farm Steenwerp. Descendants.

' Bogaert 548.

List of Arrivals from 1688.

79

Mouy,

Mouy,

Mouy,

*Mysal,
Niel, now
Nel,

*Nlel, now
Nel,

*NortEer,
Nourtier,

now
Nortje,

*Nortier,
Nourtier,

now
Nortje,

*Nortier,
Nourtier,

now

Nortje,

Pierre of St. Amant, arrived as a freeman in 1699
in the Donkervliet ; an agriculturist at Draken-
stein ; died 31st July, 1735.

Jeanne, wife of (i) Jean le Roux, q.v., (2) Philippe
Mesnard.

Marie, born 1685, wife of Francois Retif or Retief , q.v.
[Probably these two were daughters of Pierre.]

Jean.

Estienne, born in Dauphine, 1669, a soldier in the
service of the Dutch East India Company in
1693, and later lived at Drakenstein and
described as an agriculturist. He married
Marie (Maria Magdalena) Marais, q.v., of Hier-
poix, born in 1673. He died in 1738 and she on
7th July, 1716. When he made his will in 1736
he was living at Rondebosch on the farm Roden-
berg, belonging to his son-in-law, Andries Grove.
The will states that it was read over to him in
the Dutch language, which he understood and
spoke well. He left issue, but his only son left
a daughter. Signed his name as Niel.

GuilEaume of Rouen, born 1663-4 .' received
assistance in 1690 for himself, wife and two
children. He married Jeanne la Batte, q.v., of
Saumur, born 1663. It is probable (?) that he
was a brother of Estienne Niel. When he and
his wife executed their will in 1734, filed in same
year, they were living in the Cape district.
Descendants.

Daniel, a carpenter, arrived in the Oosterlandt in
1688 ; received assistance for himself, wife and
child. He married Maria Vitout. He signed
himself Daniel Nourtier. Maria Vitout re-
married Matthys Michiels, and at her death in
1711 left Elizabeth Nortier, aged 20, Anthony
Nortier, 18, Jonas, 16 and Jean, 14. Descendants.

Jacob of Calais, an agriculturist, arrived in 1688
in the Oosterlandt; died 20th September, 1732.
Married at Drakenstein on 8th August, 1717,
to Margaretha Mouton of the Cape.

Jean, arrived as above. All three Nortiers are
described as " domestiques " of Jacques de
Savoye, when they came out. Jean Nortier
obtained a grant of land in 1694.

80

The French Refugees at the Cape.

Nortier,

or
Nourtier,

*Parisel,

Paste,

'^'Pelanchon,

de Perrone,
de Pirrone,

♦Perrotit,

=*Pinard,
now
Pienaar,

The three brothers came from near Calais. In the
register of the Protestant church at Guines there
are several entries of Nourtiers being sponsors
at baptisms :

Sept. 1676. Eve Dupont, agee 46-47 ans, femme
de Jean Nourtier, dec: a St. Blaize par de
Guisnes le 23. T. Daniel Nourtier.
Oct. 1671. Jean Nourtier was sponsor to a

daughter of Jean Francomme.
Jean Nourtier was witness in 1674 to the death
of a son of Nicolas de la Haye ; in November,
1669, to death of Marie Selingue, wife of
Anthoine Coutteau ; and was present at the
marriage in 1668 of Jean Liennard and
Jeanne Six.
On 14th October, 1677, Jean Nourtier " veuf
maitre carpentier," aged 46, " demte. a
St. Blaize par Guines, married Anne de Sainne,
agedi5i.
Jean, according to his will dated 13th May, 1707,
born at Willebeck, about three hours from
Paris, arrived in 1688 in the Oosterlandt. An
agriculturist, he instituted as his heir the
agriculturist Jean Durand, q.v., of Drakenstein.
Jean, sailed in the Voorschooten in 1688 ; was then
aged 25 years and a bachelor. As he is not
mentioned in the 1690 list, he probably died
before then or never reached the Cape.
Andre, arrived in the Berg China in 1688, then aged
15 years ; cousin germain of Pierre and Paul
Jourdan.

Louis of Nazareth (Mazeres ?), a burgher at
Drakenstein, married at Stellenbosch, 19th
October, 1692, Maria le Fevre, previously
married to Charles Prevot, q.v., and Hendrik
Eekhof. de Perrone died in 1696. See reference
under L. de Berault.

Marguerite, a widow, with her two children
received assistance in 1690.

Jacques, born 1665, a carpenter, arrived in 1688
with his wife Esther Fouche, born 1667, whom
he married when the- ship Voorschooten sailed
from Holland. In 1690 he and his wife received
assistance. He remarried Martha le Febre and
left two children, Pieter, born 1690 and Jacques

List of Arrivals from 1688.

81

Posseaux

(or
Pogeau),

Potier, now
Potje,

Pouvoir,

*Pr6vot,
Provo,
Provost,
Pruvost,

1692, by his first wife, who died about 1697, and
five others by his second wife. He died before
1714. Descendants.

Elizabeth of Paris, born 1682, arrived at Cape in
1700 in the Reygersdaal ; married (i) Jacob
Bisseux, q.v., (2) Abraham Bleuset, q.v. She
died about 1726.

Jacques of Moukron (or Moecroon) in Flanders,
arrived in 1699 as a soldier in the Westhoven.
In 1704 he became a burgher, and lived at
Drakenstein. He married in 1705 and died
23rd February, 1739. As his heir he insti-
tuted Andries du Toit.

Daniel, mentioned as a " French Refugee, in 1694.
(Crim. Process Papers, 1694, in re Antony
Martin — declaration by latter dated 9th October.
1694.) May be meant for Bouvat or Couvat, q.v.

Cliarles of Calais, his wife Marie le Fevre, born 1651,
with their three children Abraham, Anne and
Ehzabeth Pr^vot, arrived from Amsterdam in
1688 in the Schelde. On the arrival of the latter
in Table Bay a son (baptised on board Charles)
was born, one of his sponsors being Elizabeth
des Pres. Charles Prevot was deceased in July,
1688, as there is an entry then of the widow
of " Carel Provo." In 1690 his widow remarried
in 1688 to Hendrik Eekhoff of Essen received
assistance for herself and four children. She
married for the third time Louis de Perrone,
q.v., by whom she had two children. From the
register of the Protestant church at Guisnes the
following particulars of this family are drawn :
On the 8th October, 1673, Charles Preuost,
" maitre charon," aged 23, son of Henry Preuost
and Jeanne de Viffe (de Vief ?) ," natif de Dombroy
pre de I'llle et demte. a Dunquerque," was married
to Marie le Fevre, aged 22, daughter of the late
David le Fevre and Elizabeth le Bleu, " natiue
de Marcq, et demte. aussi Dunquerque." The
children born were :
David Pruvost, born at Marcq, March, 1675,

died 1685 ;
Abraham Pruvost, born at Marcq, May, 1679 ;
Anne Pruvost, born at Marcq, February, 1681 ;
Elizabeth Pruvost, born at Marcq, November,
1683.

82

The French Refugees at the Cape.

Prevot,
Provo,
Provost,
Pruvost,

Prevot,
Provo,
Provost,
Pruvost,

Prevot,
Provo,
Provost,
Pruvost,

Rene,
Resine,

*Retif, now
Retief,

Richard,
^Rochefort,

*Rol,
Rosier,

Rossaux,
Rousse,

Abraham, son of above, married at Stellenbosch
on I2th May, 1709, to Anna van Marseveen
(Marcevene), widow of Esaias Costeux. They
left two daughters.

Anne, married Schalk Willem van der Merwe.
They hved on their farm Wittenberg at Paarl,
and left a very large family, from which a great
number of the v. d. Merwe family is descended.
She died about 1740.

Elizabeth, married Philippe des Pres of Courtrai,

q.v., and by him had a large family.

Susanne, a spinster, sailed in 1688 in the Berg
China, then aged 20. See Joubert.

Francois, an agriculturist at Drakenstein, born
1663, died 24th September, 1721 ; married in
1700 Marie Mouy, born 1685, died 21st Sep-
tember, 1758.

Isabeau, wife of Pierre Joubert, q.v.

Pierre, born at Grenoble, Dauphine, son of Sieur
Eduard Arnout and Virgine Chevalier, citizens
of Grenoble, who died there (both dead in 1702).
He received the grant of land on which the farm
Vlottenburg stands, in the Stellenbosch district.
In 1708 he was a deacon of the Stellenbosch
church.

Jean of Provence, died 1720 ; married in 1712
Maria Catherina le Febre, widow of Gabriel
le Roux. Matthieu Arniel, q.v., left his estate
to Jan Roy (Roi ?), son of above.

Jan of Morsselen (Monsnay), born about 1673,
arrived at the Cape in 1699 as a soldier in the
Zion, became a free burgher 13th October, 1711 ;
died on 22nd May, 1724. He married (i)
Willemina Willems, (2) Margaretha Harmse
Harting.

see under Rousseau.

Francoise, see Goiraud and also Roux.

List of Arrivals from 1688.

83

* Rousseau,

(now found
as ROSSOUW
and
Roussouw),

Rousseau,

Roux,

Roux,

Pierre of Mer or Menars-la-ville (about four hours
north-east of Blois), born about 1666 ; received
assistance in 1690 for himself, wife and one
child. Was at the Cape in 1688, as in that
year he witnessed the will of Jean Manier, q.v.
He was one of the first deacons of the French
congregation at Drakenstein, and was a Heem-
raad for Drakenstein. He died in 1719, having
married (i) Anne Retief (died 1710) and (2)
Geertruy du Toit. Pierre Rousseau lived on
his farm " De Boog van Orleans."

Maria. There is a joint will, dated 1702, of Maria
Rossar of Blois and her husband, Jan Jansz.
van Eden of Oldenburg. She is stated to be
43 years of age. They married in June, 1688.
She remarried Cornelis Joosten van Dalen of
Cleverskerck, Zeeland. See joint will in 1711,
Stellenbosch Archives.

Jean, born at la Morin (or Lormarin), Provence,
in 1665, was an agriculturist at Drakenstein,
and in 1694 was living at Dal Josaphat. On
the 17th February, 1705, he made his will and
instituted his father, Philip Roux, then living
at la Morin and aged 68, as heir to half his
estate, and the Drakenstein Poor Fund heir to
the other half. He does not appear to have
married, and his will is filed in 1738.

Jeanne, aged 15 1 Sailed in the Berg China in
Marie, aged 10 I 1688 with their widowed
Marguerite, aged 7 j mother, Marie Jourdan. The
mother and Jeanne died on the voyage. In 1690
Marie and Marguerite, described as " two little
orphans," received assistance from the Batavian
Fund. Before 1697 Marguerite Roux married,
Estienne Viret ^ of Dauphine, q.v., and in their
joint will, dated 14th August, 1726, she describes
herself as aged 44 years and coming from Pro-
vence. In 1690 Daniel Hugo became indebted
to " Mary Rou, a minor daughter of the late
Jan Rouw" to the sum of 140 guldens. This
amount was paid in 1700 and acknowledged by
Estienne Viret. Probably their father Jan Roux

' According to the Cape Town Church Register, Estienne Viret and Mar-
gareta Rousse his wife and two others are sponsors when PhiHppe Rudolph
de Savoye was confirmed on 15. 9.1 716, but on 22.9. 171 8, when she stood
sponsor with her husband, her name is spelt Roux.

84

The French Refugees at the Cape.

Roux,

Roux,

*cle Ruelle

or

des Ruelles,

and Jean Roux of Provence above named were
cousins.

Paul of Orange, arrived in 1688, the first teacher
and " Voorlezer " of the French congregation,
died at Drakenstein 7th February, 1723. He
married (i), before 1694, Claudine Seugnet of
Saintonge ; (2) Elizabeth Couvret, widow of the
Refugee Josue Cellier. He did not require
assistance in 1690. On 7th June, 1696, he
passed a power of attorney in favour of Rev.
Salomon Bernard, minister of the French
congregation, and Nathaniel Goutier, merchant
of Amsterdam.

Pierre of Cabriere. The church register of Draken-
stein states he came from Amsterdam, and on
9th November, 1725, a certificate of membership
was granted to him on his proceeding to Batavia.
In 1700 a Pieter Roux had been allowed by the
Cape Government to go to Europe. In his will,
dated 17th September, 1739, drawn up at
"Morgenster" in Hottentots Holland, the farm
of the Heemraad Daniel Malan, Pierre Roux
states he has no parents or friends to whom he
is indebted, and appoints the said Malan as his
heir on condition that he maintains him for the
remainder of his life.

Daniel of Guisnes. Between the years 1668 and
1681 the name of Daniel des Ruelles appears in
the church registers of Guisnes. On the 12th
July, 1671, he was married there to Anne
Goudalle. The children of this marriage were
the following, all of whom were born at Guisnes ;
Ester, born 6th November, 1672 ;
Anne, born loth November, 1673 ;
Daniel, born 26th October, 1675, died in infancy ;
Daniel, born 14th March, 1677 ;
Pierre, born 6th February, 1681, died in infancy;
he was born at Guemps, near Calais.

It is probable that Daniel des Ruelles, his wife
and three remaining children set out for the Cape,
but this is not certain. It is also probable that
the wife Anne Goudalle and Daniel the son died
on the way out, or maybe they were deceased
before he left Europe. However, the names of
the two daughters are recorded at the Cape, and
in 1690 the father, described as a widower with

List of Arrivals from 1688.

85

de Ruelle,

or

des Ruelles,
de Ruelle,

or

des Ruelles,
de Ruelle,

or

des Ruelles,
*Sabatier,

de Savoye,

one child — no doubt, Anne — received assistance
from the Fund. Ester had already married the
Refugee Estienne Bruere of Blois, q.v. Daniel
de Ruelle was apparently here in 1688, as he
obtained land in Dal Josaphat but did not get
title.i

Daniel des Ruelles appears in 1700 on the list
of Stellenbosch inhabitants with his wife
Catharina Taboureux (the widow of Charles
Marais, q.v., who had been murdered in 1689),
and he died on the 3rd October, 1726.

Anne of Guines, born 1673, married Charles Marais,
son of the Refugee Charles Marais, q.v.

Ester of Guines, born 1672, married about 1690
Estienne Bruere of Blois, French Refugee, q.v.

Pierre of Massiere (Mazeres) in Languedoc, arrived
in 1688 in the Voorschooten, a bachelor, then
aged 22. Settled as an agriculturist at Draken-
stein and returned to Europe in 1700.

Jacques of Aeth, born 1636, arrived in the Ooster-
landt in 1688 with his wife Marie Madeleine
le Clercq of Tournay, daughter of Philippe
le Clercq and Anthoinette Carnoy, and three
children. His mother-in-law also came with him.
The children were Marguerite de Savoye, then
17 years old, Barbere, 15 years, and Jacques, nine
months. In writing about his departure from
Europe, the Seventeen informed the Cape
Governor that de Savoye had been for many
years an eminent merchant of Ghent, where he
had been persecuted by the Jesuits to such an
extent that his life had even been threatened.
In order to escape, he had decided to end his
days beyond their reach, and to take with him
various Flemish farmers of the reformed rehgion
who had also suffered persecution, and had also
resolved to leave their Fatherland for the same
reason as de Savoye. Amongst his party were
the three brothers Nourtier, who are described
as his " domestiques."

'See Requesten No. 108 for 1768.

86

The French Refugees at the Cape.

de Savoye,

de Savoye,

Senechal,

now

Senekal,
Senet,

Seugnet,
Seugnete,

He, with wife and two children, did not require
help in 1690. de Savoye became a member of
the Court of Landdrost and Heemraden, and in
1712 he and his wife and her mother returned
to Europe. On the 17th July, 1689, a daughter,
Aletta, was baptised at Cape Town, and married
Pierre Meyer of Dauphine, q.v. On the 29th
August, 1694, a son, Philippe Rudolf, was bap-
tised at Drakenstein. The latter does not appear
to have married ; in his will, filed in 1741, he
institutes his nephews and nieces Meyer as his
heirs. He joined the service of the Dutch East
India Company, and was a junior merchant and
"Keldermeester" at the Cape, where he died in
1741 and was buried in the church. Jacques
de Savoye was buried October, 17 17. His widow
buried May, 1721.

Marguerite, married before 1690 to Christoffel
Snyman (in the Drakenstein register, Senay-
ment), descendants still living ; (2) Henning
Vilhon or Viljoen, son of the Refugee Villion, q.v.

Barbere, married (i) Christiaan Eelers, (2) Elias
Kina.

David of Dieppe, Normandy, arrived in Zuid Beve-
land in 1688, an agriculturist ; before 1694
married Marie Madeleine du Puis of Paris, and
died i6th July, 1746.

Anthoine, sailed in Berg China in 1688, then aged
19, a bachelor ; probably died on the voyage.

Glode-Glaudine, "j Probably three sisters from
Susanne, \ Saintonge, were admitted mem-

Jeanne, j bers of the church at Stellen-

bosch in April, 1689, having brought attesta-
tions from Amsterdam. Glaudine married Paul
Roux of Orange before 1694, q.v., and Susanne
married Francois du Toit of Ryssel about 1690,
q.v.

Pierre of Embrun, Dauphine, arrived in 1688 in
the Zuid Beveland with his wife Anne de Berault.
Was the first minister of the French congrega-
tion at Drakenstein. He had been pastor of the
Refugee congregation at Zirikzee. His children
were Catherine, baptised in Cape Town 17th

List of Arrivals from 1688.

87

March, 1689, one of her sponsors being Com-
mander Simon van der Stel ; Pierre, Jacques,
Cleophas, Marie and Lydia, born at Drakenstein.
In the 1690 Distribution he is described as
" with wife and one child," and did not require
assistance. He returned with wife and family
to Europe in 1702, being succeeded by Revd.
Henricus Beck. Anne de Berault, living in
London in 1726, was at that time described as
his widow. In 1700 Revd. Simond passed a
power of attorney in favour of Advocate
Johannes Bodaan, Burgomaster and Director of
the Dutch East India Company at Middelburg,
and Revd. Petrus de Joucourt, minister of the
French congregation at the same place.

SOllicri Durand, a shoemaker at Drakenstein ; on 4th

October, 1697, he and his wife became members
of the Dutch church at Cape Town. He died
in September, 1739, and was buried in the Dutch
church, Cape Town. In 1702 his name is found
as married to Martha Petel, who died in 1715.
In 1719 he was an elder of the church at Cape
Town. Their only daughter Martha married
Renault Berthault de St. Jean of Sanoere, a
surgeon, q.v., who came to the Cape. Represen-
tatives of this family in the family van der Riet.

Sollier, GilliS, brother of Durand, had been a burgher at

the Cape since 1697. In 1718 he was permitted
to return to Europe with his wife Anna Rouhn
and son David. In 1731 he returned to the
Cape with his wife Anna Roulin, his stepson
Hendrik Melet, and his sister's daughter. In the
list of enrolled members of the Dutch Church,
Cape Town, Gillis and his wife are entered on
15th December, 1731, with attestation from
Montfort. Amongst the inhabitants of the Cape
district in 1731 is Durand Sollier (probably his
son) and wife Ehzabeth de Villiers.

TabOUreUX, CatherHie, wife of (i) Charles Marais, q.v.. (2)

Daniel des Ruelles, q.v.

*Tai liefer, or Isaac of Chateau Thierry, in province of Brie, a

Taillefert hatmaker and agriculturist, arrived in 1688 in

* the Oosterlandt with his wife Suzanne Brief and

six children. Isaac was the son of Jean Taillefer, or

Taillefert, an apothecary and elder of the church

at Monneaux, and his wife Ester Jordin. Isaac

88

The French Refugees at the Cape.

Taillefer married Suzanne Briet of the valley of

the Essomes, and had established himself as a
hatmaker at Chateau Thierry. In the church
registers of Nogentel, not far from the latter
place, are to be found the entries of the baptisms
of his several children. His six children who
came with him in 1688 were :

Elizabeth, aged 14 ;

Jean, baptised at Nogentel, September, 1680 ;

Isaac, aged 7 ;

Pierre, aged 5 ;

Suzanne, aged 2| ;

Marie, aged i, baptised by the monks of the
church at Essomes in January, 1687.

He lived for some time at Monneaux, where
his wife possessed some vineyards, and after
1685 went to live with her family. In 1690 he
received assistance for himself, wife and four
children, and in 1691 he obtained grants of land
upon which the farms Normandy and Picardy
stand. He died about 1699, leaving four
children, Elizabeth, aged 26, Jean, 22, Pierre, 16,
Suzanne 13.

TaillGfcrt Elizabeth, married the Refugee Pierre de ViUiers,
q.v. Numerous descendants, from which the
late Baron de Villiers was descended.

TaillOfCrt, Jean, apparently died unmarried.

Taillefcrt, Pierre, married Marie Marais, widow of Estienne
Niel. He died March, 1726. Descendants in the
female line ; one daughter married Pieter van
Niekerk, one Hendrik Albertus Gildenhuys, and
the youngest Eduard Christian Hauman.

Taillefert, Susanne, married (i) Jean Garde, q.v., (2) Pierre
Cronje, q.v., (3) Jacob Naude, q.v.

TerreblanChGi Estienne of Toulon ; his name appears in the

now

Terblanche

and

Terblans,
♦Terrier,

church books of Drakenstein in 1703 ; in 1713
married Martha la Febre, widow of Jacques
Pinard, q.v.

Daniel, married Sara Jacob of Calais, daughter of
the Refugee Pierre Jacob, q.v.

List of Arrivals from 1688.

89

=*'Theronfl,

now
Theron,

Vallete,
*Verdeau,

Verdeau,

Verdette,
*de Villiers,

*de VUners,

*de Villiers,

Jacques of Nismes. Laiiguedoc, arrived in the
Oosterlandt in 1688 as a soldier in the Company's
service ; on 31st May, 1688, he became a free
burgher. He married Marie Jeanne des Pres
of Bethune, q.v., daughter of the Refugee
Hercule des Pres, and died 2nd December, 1739,
aged 71 years 6 months. Jacques Theron was
a member of the Court of Landdrost and Heem-
raden, and owned the farm Languedoc.
Descendants.

Anne, wife of Paul Couvret, q.v.

Hercule, born 1672, arrived in 1688 in the Berg
China, died at Drakenstein in 1722 ; married
Maria Catharina Huibeaux, born 1675. They
left only daughters. The widow Verdeau died
about 1752, in which year an inventory in her
deceased estate was filed.

Jacques, born 1668, brother of above, arrived in
1688 ; probably died shortly after, as he is not
mentioned in the 1690 Distribution List.

Elizabeth, wife of Antoine Madan, q.v.

Abraham of la Rochelle, arrived on 6th May, 1689,
in the Sion with his two brothers Pierre and
Jacob. He married 5th October, 1689, Susanne
Gardiol of de la Cost6, Provence, and died on
31st March, 1720. The brothers had been sent
out on account of their knowledge of the culti-
vation of the vine. Abraham was one of the
first deacons of the French congregation, a
Heemraad and Captain of the Burgher Cavalry
Corps at Drakenstein. He left only daughters.
In the letter from Holland to the Cape in 1688
the three are described as being from " near
la Rochelle."

Jacob, stated in his will in 17 19 to be of " Bor-
gondien," and aged 58 ; married Margaretha
Gardiol of Provence, born 1674. He died on
17th May, 1735, and inventory in her estate filed
in June, 1749. [Pierre deVilliers, Jacque and Paul
sortirent du royaume France. lis etirent fils de
Pierre de Villiers (Archives de la Rochelle).]

Pierre, married (before 1699) Elizabeth Taillefert,
daughter of the Refugee Isaac Taillefert, q.v.
Numerous descendants from the two brothers

90

The french Refugees at the Cape.

Jacob and Pierre. Pierre de Villiers died
22nd January, 1720, and her will is filed in
1735. In his will, dated 3rd February,
1714, Johannes Guillaume de Grevenbroek,
Secretary to the Government during the days of
Governor Simon van der Stel, bequeathed " to
the French Refugee Pierre de Villiers, living
with wife and children at the foot of the Paarl
Mountain at Drakenstein, my gold ring set with
garnets, in acknowledgment of the kindness
formerly received from his co-religionists in
France." It is probable that Pierre de Villiers
had known his wife when her parents and family
had left Monneaux in 1688 and gone to live at
la Rochelle, see p. 51.

Viret Jean, a bachelor, sailed in the Berg China in 1688,

aged 18 ; died on the voyage.

* Viret Estienne of Dauphine, born circa 1662-64, arrived

in the Zuid Beveland ; married Marguerite Roux
of Provence, q.v., born 1682. He died 29th
October, 1726, and was buried in the churchyard
at Cape Town ; she died 8th November, 1759.
He had five sons, who do not appear to have
left descendants in the male line. On 14th
September, 1699, a son Estienne was baptised.

VitOUt, or Marie, arrived in 1688 with her husband, Daniel
y|{;ij Nourtier, q.v.

VitOUt, or Sara, arrived in 1699 with her husband, Jacques

Yl^ll de la Porte, q.v.

' In the church registers of Guisnes there are

a number of entries referring to the Vitu family.
There were three brothers, Pierre, Jean and
Eustache Vitu. There was a Marie Vitu, wife
of Jean Goudalle, relation of the wife of Daniel
des Ruelles, q.v. As the Nourtiers came from
near Calais, it is possible that the Vitu also
originated from there.

*Vivier, Abraham, ^ Three brothers, who received assis-

Jacob, [ tance in 1690, farmers at Drakenstein.

Pierre. j In 1695 the name of Pierre is found
as having come from Normandy. In 1714 there
are three separate inventories of the deceased
estates of the three brothers, signed by Jacque-
mina du Pree( des Pres), the widow of Abraham,
who was the only one of the three to marry. He

List of Arrivals from 16S8. 91

left three sons and live daughters. Abraham,
the eldest son, died unmarried about 1743 ;
Isaac, the second son, also died without marry-
ing, but Jacob left issue. On the 13th January,
1714. a posthumous daughter of Abraham and
Jacquemina du Pree was baptised Anna at
Drakenstein.

List of those who came to the Cape before 1688
and after 1700.

*dU Toit, Francois of Ryssel (Lille) arrived in 1686 in the

Vryheit ; became a member of the Court of
Landdrost and Heemraden of Stellenbosch and
Drakenstein, and died in October, 1731. He
married Susanne Seugnet of Saint onge, q.v., at
Cape Town, on 12th February. 1690, Descen-
dants of this couple living.

*dU Toit, Guillaume of Ryssel, brother of the above. He

probably came out at the same time, i.e., in 1686,
as we find that on the 3rd December, 1687, he
was granted a licence by the Governor to shoot
game. His fiance, Sara Couchet, widow of Peter
de Clercq, q.v., who came from Oosterhoebrugh,
Walcheren Is., was given a passage out to the
Cape to join him in 1688. She was then living
at Serooskerke, Walcheren Island. They were
married on the i6th May. 1688, and she died
in 1714. he having predeceased her. Guillaume
du Toit was also a member of the Court of
Landdrost and Heemraden. The two brothers
du Toit took a prominent part in later scenes
connected with the van der Stel troubles. This
couple left no surviving male issue.

*le Febre, Pierre, came to Cape in 1683 with wife and child,

and in 1690 he received assistance for himself,
wife and two children. In 1700 he was living
in the Cape district with his wife Maria de Graaf
(or de Grave) and three daughters.

*IC Long, Jean, with his wife and two children, received

assistance in 1690, and two years later had
only one child. He lived at Drakenstein, and
died August, 1721, having married Maria Coche.
Jean le Long must have been one of those few
Refugees who accepted the first offer of the

92

The French Refugees at the Cape.

^Margra,

Veron,

Villion,

now
Viljoen,

Company to settle here in terms of their resolu-
tion of 1685. In the title deed of his farm
Bossendal, Drakenstein, granted in 1713, it is
stated that the land had been given to him in
1685 and 1686. See also page 75.

Jean of Lausane. On 26th April, 1688, he was
allowed by the Cape Government a passage out
for his wife Preyntje or Tryntje Dekker, then
living at Middelburg. He was a free burgher
living at Stellenbosch, and in 1694 received the
grant of land of the present Stellenbosch com-
monage, which he had held since 1687. In 1692
he appears on the burgher list with wife, son
and daughter.

Amand of Malines, or Mechelen, not far from
Antwerp, arrived in the Bosweyk in 1687, a
soldier in the Dutch East India Company ;
became a burgher 28th November, 1690. On
1st February, 1699, he was granted the farm
St. Omer in Dal Josaphat, Drakenstein, and
died on 12th September, 1723. He is stated
to have been born at St. Thomas, and at his
death in 1723 was 62 years of age ; left no wife
or child.

Francois of Clermont, arrived in 1671, married in
1676 Cornelia Campenaar of Middelburg. In
the registers the name is spelt Signon before
1678, afterwards VilUon. He was dead in 1692,
as in the list of inhabitants appears " the widow
of Francois Villion, with two children."
Descendants of this couple. The eldest son,
Henning Villion, married a daughter of the
Refugee de Savoye, q.v. On 28th June, 1690,
the widow, then married to Wemmer Pasman,
passed before the Secretary of Stellenbosch an
obligation in favour of the Orphan Masters for
the inheritance of her six minor children
" Filion," by name Pieter, Anna, Henning, Jan,
Cornelia and Francina.

WibSaUX, see Huibaux on page 95.

List of Arrivals from 168S.

93

Names of those who were no doubt of Huguenot origin
and arrived after 1 700.

d'Ailly,

d'Ailly,

Blignault,

now

Blignaut,

David of Amsterdam, arrived at the Cape in 1713,
joined the Dutch East India Company in 1717,
and became junior Merchant and bookkeeper.
Probably the following two were his brothers.

Jean of Amsterdam, arrived at the Cape in 1708.
In 1696 he was living at Haarlem with his wife
Johanna de Potter, daughter of David de Potter
and Susanna d'Ailly. She joined him later at
the Cape, and died about 1718, leaving by him
David, born 1705, and Jan Benjamin, born
about 1717. The latter joined the Dutch East
India Company, and in 1803 his grandson, also
Jan Benjamin, asked the Government for a
farm, and in his petition referred to his ancestors
who had been persecuted in France, the land
of their birth, and had fled to Holland where
they had found " powerful help, comfort and
support " in their oppression and banishment.
He speaks of the names of his ancestors w^ho had
filled various Government offices at the Cape,
and mentions " the distinguished family from
which he is descended."

Johannes Godefridus, arrived at the Cape in 1708,
after a voyage of more than eight months. He
came out to assume the office of minister to the
Cape congregation, and died here in June, 1726.
He married Alida de Lange, widow of the
Surgeon Francois Guto, but appears to have
had no issue by her. She died about 1733.

Jean of Amsterdam, arrived in the Company's
service in 1723, son of Pieter Blignault and
Elisabeth Desbordes. In 1725 he married Anne
Rousseau, widow of the Refugee Daniel Hugo,
and by the union became possessed of much
landed property. At the baptism of their first
child, Jean Blignault's mother, Ehzabeth
Desbordes, stood sponsor. He was a Heemraad
of Drakenstein. Died about 1752, leaving two
sons and three daughters. He was possessed of
seven farms, most being in Drakenstein ; some
of these were Bethel, where he evidently lived ^

94 The French Refugees at the Cape.

Sion and Vleesbank. It is stated Daniel Hugot
sent for Jean Blignault from Europe to come
out and teach his children, the two having
known each other before coming to the Cape.
Descendants.

BrOUSSOn, see Rousselet. j

Faure, Antoine, bom at Orange in 1685, arrived at the

Cape in 1714, son of Pierre Faure and Justina
Pointy, who fled to Holland on account of
religious persecutions. Pierre had been a
merchant at Orange, where he returned in 1689,
and died there. Antoine Faure arrived in the
Company's service, and in 1719 was appointed
" voorlezer " and schoolmaster at Stellenbosch.
In 1714 he married Rachel de Villiers, daughter
of the Refugee Abraham de Villiers, and left
male issue. He must have died in 1736, in
which year their joint will is filed, as his widow
applied in 1750 for a piece of ground at
Stellenbosch.

Gtlilliaum^, Francois, sent out to the Cape in 1726 to superin-
tend the silk culture, which post he held for
some years. He came with his wife Claudine
Cloy, or Cloi, and family. On the 25th Novem-
ber, 1726, both were inscribed as members of
the Dutch Church at Cape Town, upon presen-
tation of their certificate from the French church
at Amsterdam. In 1735 he informed the
Government that he intended to remain at the
Cape as a burgher.

Guilliaume, Matthieu or Matthys, born at Berlin in 1711, to
which place his father Fran9ois had no doubt
fled. He married on ist June, 1738, at Draken-
stein, Susanna Radyn, and left male issue. The
name Giliomee and Guillome was known in the
Cape Colony fifty years ago.

Guilliaume, Anna, Johanna and Marie, all of Languedoc, no
doubt daughters of Francois (Marie, at least,
gives her parents' names as Francois Guilliaume
and Claudine Cloy). Johanna married (i) Jan
Engelbrecht, ancestor of the Cape family, (2)
Jacobus Louw, Jacob's son. Marie married, on
1 8th October, 1739, Louis Jourdan.

List of Arrivals from 1688.

95

Hucebos,
Hucibos,

Huibaux
(Wiebeaux),

Huibaux
(Wiebeaux),

le Sage,
Migault,

Naude,

Naude,

Poulsseon,

Andre. Before 1725 his signature is found to
several documents. Andries Wiebaux (who, I
am of opinion, is one and the same person as
Andre Huibaux) came in 1706 in the Blots from
Middelburg, became free burgher 1715. and
died 31st July, 1727.

Maria Catharina, born 1075, married Hercule
Verdeau, q.v.

Jean of Dieppe, married at Drakenstein on 31st
October, 1717, Margaretha de ViUiers. Died
about 1720.

Francois Louis of Embden, arrived at the Cape in
1713 ; married, 5th March, 1719, Maria Magda-
lena Niel. He was allowed to open a school for
teaching the youth Dutch and French.

Jacob, born at Berlin circa 1696, arrived here in
1710 ; in 1722 married Suzanne Taillefert' of
Chateau Thierry, daughter of the Refugee Isaac
Taillefert, q.v., and widow of Pierre Cronier. His
parents were Philippe Naude and Anna Isnard,
who lived at Berlin. When he joined the
Drakenstein church in 1718 he brought a
certificate of church membership from Hanover.
It would be interesting to know what relation
he was of Philippe Naude, the theologian and
mathematician, born at Metz 28th December,
1654, and died at Berlin in March, 1729.

Philippe Jacob, of Berlin, son of the Revd. Roget
David Naude, professor at the French College
and minister of the French church at Berlin,
and Elizabeth Borrel. He arrived here in 1754
in the Company's service, and in 1766 received
his discharge and went to reside at Drakenstein.
On 4th August, 1774, he married Johanna
Elizabeth du Plessis. In 1772 he passed a
power of attorney in favour of David Naud6,
astronomer, and Revd. Louis Ancillon, minister
of the French Reformed Monastery Church, both
of Berlin, to receive from the Burgomasters of
that city monies due to him from the estates of
his late father and mother.

Martin. His name appears on the Stellenbosch
burgher roll of 1685. In 1692 he is described

' Re her death and fnneral, see under Jean Garde.

96

The French Refugees at the Cape.

as with wife and three children, and was buried
at Cape Town, January, 1713.

ROUSSelet Daniel Rousselet Brousson of Amsterdam, where
his father Jan Rousselet was a merchant ; he
married at the Cape, in 1744, Mariana, daughter
of Andries Grove and Anna Niei, or Nel.

St. Jean, Jean, born at Bordeaux, Gascony, a burgher at

Stellenbosch in 1687.

dC St. Jean, Renault Berthault, born 1692 at Sanoere, province
of Berry, was the son of Marie Done, living in
1726 at Sanoere. In 1712 he became a surgeon
in the service of the Dutch East India Company,
and arrived at the Cape in 1719 in that capacity.
His wife Anna Fourdinier and son, who had been
left behind in Holland, joined him later on. In
1726 he was chief surgeon of the Company's
hospital at Cape Town, where he died on nth
March, 1763. His second wife was Martha, born
1702, only daughter of the Refugee Durand
SoUier, q.v.

Serrurier, Johannes Petrus of Hanau, minister of the Dutch
church at Cape Town, married 9th November,
1760, Margaretha Elisabeth Timmendorf. He
died 3rd February, 1819, aged 84 years and 28
days.

Serrurier, Jan of Hanau, son of Louis Serrurier and Ester
de Vis of Hanau ; married at the Cape, 5th
November, 1747, Catharina Krygsman. He
became a Burgher Councillor of Cape Town,
and was the owner of Alphen at Wynberg. In
1753 he passed a power of attorney in favour of
his brother, Revd. Daniel Serrurier, minister at
Leiden, and Hendrik van Alphen.

List of Arrivals from 168S.

97

The following names are a few taken from the roll of men in the

service of the Dutch East India Company. Most have a French

appearance and it is probable several were refugees who had fled to

Holland for safety.

dcChaVOnneS, Dominiques, Captain and Head of the Cape
Garrison 1687-1689 ; he left for the East Indies.
He married Maria Lamy.

de ChaVOnneS, MauritS Pasques of the Hague ; Lt.-Colonel and
Governor of the Cape, 1714-1724.

deChaVOnneS, Pieter Rocques, member of the Orphan Chamber
1717 ; Dispenser in 1720.

Pieter of Berne, a soldier in 1697.
Boniface, a soldier in 1694.
Jan of Leiden, a soldier in 1692.

Feme,

Ferrier,

de Ba Fon-
taine,
Levett,

de Lormel,

Morel,

Olivier,

Orle,

Otte,

Poigner,

Souter,

Troullat,

Jacques of Geneva, a soldier in 1693.
Pierre of Dieppe, a soldier in 1693.
Pierre, a soldier in 1693.
Pieter of Montcallier, a soldier in 1696.
Jan of Lausaune, a soldier in 1693.
Jean of Beme, a soldier in 1695.
Jean Baptist, ex corporal, 1705.
Willem of Berne, a soldier in 1698.
Jean of Valenciennes, a soldier, 1694-1696.

98

The French Refugees at the Cape.

Statement showing known places of origin in France and
Flanders, family names and members of those who sailed
for the Cape. Those under eighteen years of age have been
placed in the column " Children." The latter have been
put down as having come from the same place as their parents,
and where the place of origin of one of several brothers or
sisters is known they have all been regarded as having come
from the same place.

a

a

Province.

Town.

Family Name
of Refugee.

« 1

o

S ^

J3

u

H

Anjou . .

Saumur

la Batte

I

Aunis . .

La Rochellr-

du Buisson
de Villiers

4

Bretagne

Nantes . .

Loret

I

Champagne

Champagne,

or Province
Chateau Thierry

Clermont (W. of

Verdun).
Cond6 . .

Lecheret

Avice

Briet . .

le Febre, Paul . .

Taillefert

Villion ..
Cloudon

6

Sedan . .

Buisset . .

14

Daupliine

Dauphine,
or Province.

Embrum, or Am-

brum
Grenoble
la Motte, Cha-

lan^on
Pointaix. or Pon-

taix • .
Soudiere (perhaps

Soutebieres,

S.E.of Poin-

Meyer . .
Niel, E.
Viret

Simond . .
Rochefort

Durand

Lombard

"

taix) . .

Couteau

I

lO

1 sle de France . .

Paris, or near to

du Puis. .

Marais

Parisel . .
Posseaux

3

*2

2

lO

Languedoc

Languedoc
AuUs (Aulas in

Cevennes)
Mazeres

Nimes . .

Uzes

Gaucher

de la Noy
de Perrone
Sabatier
Imbert . .
Theron . .
Martin . .

u

8

* 1 have taken i

\nne du Puis as of Pari

5, although described of

Amst

erdam

t Although Steven Gaucher is described as of Geneva, I have taken him as coming from
the place of origin of his father.

List of Arrivals from 1688.

99

a

0

Province.

Town.

Family Name

0

u ^

of Refugee.

V

0

s

^

5 ^

Normandy

Normandy
Dieppe . .

Cronier . .
le Roux
Vivier . .
Senechal

2
I

3

I

Rouen . .

Niel, G.

I

8

Orleanai.s

Blois . .

Bruere . .
le Roux

I

2

Menars la Ville

(N.W. of Blois)

Rousseau

I

Orleans . .

Cellier . .

I

Couvret

I

I

Vallete ..

9

Picardy

Picardy

Bisseux

I

Calais or near, as

Bleuset . .

I

Guines, Marcq,

Costeux

I

3

and V i e i 1 1 e

des Ruelles

I

3

Eglises.

du Buis

I

Jacob . .

I

3

le Fevre, M. . .

Manier . .

I

Nourtier

3

Pr6vot . .

I

3

Vitu

2

30

Poitou . .

Poitiers . .

du Plessis

I

I

4

Fon t en ay le

Comte to N. of

la Rochelle . .

Labat . .

2

8

Provence

Provence

Fracass6
{Gardiol

I
I

2

Mesnard

I

"e

Mille . .

Roi

I

Roux widow and

daughters

3

§CabriSre.

la Grange

I

la Coste,

Jourdan

4

2

la Morin, or

Gardiol (included

Lomarin.

above).
Roux, Pierre . .
Jean

I
I

LaMotted'Aigues

Joubert

I

Orange . .

Roux, Paul

I

Toulon . .

i

Terreblanche . .

I

30

Sajntonge

Sain ton ge

i

Seugnette

3

70

31

35

136

1

} I have assumed that Jean Gardiol came from Provence on the basis that he was probably
brother of Marguerite and Susanna, each one of whom married one of the three brothers de
Villiers, described as in partnership with Jean.

S Not far from each other (S.E. of Avignon.)

100

The French Refugees at the Cape.

1 <= 1

d

■■^^^

Province.

Town.

Family Name
of Refugee.

a

Wome
ChildK

"3

Flanders

Aeth

Cortryk, or Cour-

de Savoye

I

3

trai . .

des Pres

I

1

4.

Doornik, see

Tournay.

Lille, see Ryssel.

Malines . .

Veron . .

I

Mechelen,

see Monsnay.

Meerbrakel

;Bevernage

2

I

j,Moecroon

>Potier . .

I

.

Mons

j Bourbonnais

I

Monsnay

Rosier . .

I

Ryssel . .

du Toit

2

^!\

de Haase

I

■H

de la Porte

I

St. Amant

Mouy . .

I

2

St. Omer

Hanseres

I

Steenwerck

Mouton

I

Tournay

Carnoy . .
de Clercq

I
I

14

7

7

2S

France

70

31 3

S

136

Flanders

14

7

7

28

Total .

84

38 4

2

164

CHAPTER VII.

Extract of Baptisms in the Drakenstein Church,

I694-I7I3. Register of Members of Drakenstein

Congregation, 1715. Land Grants issued to the

French Refugees.

Extract of Baptisms 1694-1713, from the Register kept
IN French in the Church at Drakenstein (now
Paarl), by Paul Roux.

Le livre de Registre des enfans qu'on a' Baptize dans
Notre eglise fran^oise de drakestein du depuis le
29 a' oust lannee 1694.

le 29 Aoust 1694. — Philippe Rodolf fils de monsieur jacque

de Savoye et madame leclair ; le temoins et Rodolf

passemant et sa famme. >'• f'v

Jan fils de jan ha'ance et Marguerite bachet ont fait

Baptizer leur enfant le ii desembre 1694 le pere et

la mere sont leur temoins.
Le 25 Decembre 1694. — Anne roux fille de paul roux et glaudine

Seugnete le temoins et franfois du toijt et Anna

Retif.
Le 22 Avril 1695. — Anna Caterina fille de hemes frederik

Waltre et Caterina Le temoins et hansel Verbat

et Marie La Noy.
Le 8 Maj 1695. — Laina fille de fran^ois dutoij et Susanne

Seugnet Le temoins et pierre Sabatie, et sara

Leclair.
Le 25 juin 1695. — Marie fille de daniel Terrier et de Sara

Jacob Le temoins jean debuze et marie janne

depret.
Le 22 julliet 1695. — Christina fille de christoffle Senaymant^

et de Marguerite, Savoye. Le temoins et jacobus

Vanas et Laina basson.
Le 8 Scptembrc 1695. — Anne fille de pierre L'ombart et de

Marie Couteau Le temoins et daniel Ugot et Anne

fauche.
Le 25 Septembre 1695. — Paul fils de jean jourdan et a Elizabet

Longue. Le temoins paul roux Lecteur et Ellizabet

taillefer.

' Snjonan.

102 The French Refugees at the Cape.

plus Le 25 ditau. — Janne fille dos handris gauch janne Le Clair

la mere Le temoins guillaume du toijt et Susanne

Seugnet.
plus Le 25 ditau. — Pierre fils de jedeon Mallerbe de marie

grillion Le temoins et pierre Rous et Marie a Vis.
Le 16 Octobre 1695. — David fils de David Senecal et de Made-

laine dupuit Le temoins et daniel de Ruel et Anne

dupuit.
Le 14 Novemhre 1695. — Marie Elizabet fille de Jacob Villiers

et La Mere, marguerite gardiol et Le temoins jean

gardiol et Marie Ellizabet taillefert.
Le 7 Decembre. — Jean fils de pierre jaubert et la mere Ellizabet

Richar Le temoins et jean durand et fran9oise

Martinet.
Le 14 decembre. — Ily a eut deux enfans baptize I'un de louis

peront & T autre de Cobus Vandray, je nay point

eut de billiet ny des vris. ny des autres pour Le

Mettre a Notisse dans mon livre.
Le 26 decembre Lannee 1695. — Pierre fils de pierre Villiers et

a Marie Elizabet Taillefert le temoins et Jacob

Villiers et Susanna gardiol.
Lannee 1696. — Jonas fils de daniel nortie et de marie Vitout

Le temoins et jean nortie et Susanne Lanoy,
Lannee 1696. — Le 28 May il y a eut un enfant Baptize du

beau fils de Wellem Escalk van den Merven.^
Du 18 juin Lannee 1696. — Nicolas fils de harijs Lecrivent' Le

temoins et Nicolas lanoy et Susanne devos.
Le 14 Octobre Lannee 1696. — Ellizabet fille de pierre Rousseau

et hanna Retif, Le temoins et fran^ois Retif et

marie hanna.
Le 14 ditau. — Joseph fils de paul roux Lecteur a drakestein

et glaudine Seugnet Le temoins et pierre benezet

et Marie Grillion.
Le 21 ditau Lannee 1696. — II y a eut deux enfans quil sont

ete baptize L un de jacobus vanas et L' autre de

Mathis Grif^ je nay point eut de billiet de ce personne.
Le 4 Septembre Lannee 1696. — francoise fille de Louis florit

et Susanne Cordie le temoins et louis Cordie et

francoise martinet.
Le 25 Novembre Lannee 1696.— Hendrik fils de Conra Klout

a ete presante au saint bapteme pour Monsieur

jaque de Savoye la marraine ne se point presantee,

il sont venu sans donner un billiet.

' Willem Schalk van dcr Merwe.
■'Generally known as Arv Lckkerwyn.
' Matthvs Greeff.

Baptisms: 1694—1713. 103

1697

Le 10 januier Lannec ibgy. — Susanne fiUe de daniel terrier et

Sara Jacob, Le temoins Salomon Gournay et Susanne

lanoy.
Le 9 mars Lannee 1697. — Elsy fille de geert Janse elle a ete

baptizee et le temoins et haandris beaumons et Elsij

Jacob, je nay point aussy eut de billiet de ce personnes.
Le 24 ditau Lannee 1697. — Pierre fils de frangois dutoij et

Susanne Seugnet Le temoins et guillaume dutoij et

Sara Le Clair.
Le 13 Avril Lannee 1697. — Justina fille de Nicolas kief et

barbara Lefevre, Le temoins et hercules de pret et

Marie Lefevre.
du 15 julliet Lannee 1697. — Louis fils de jean jourdan & de

Elizabet Longue le temoins et louis barret et Marie

Grillion.
Le premier de Septembre Lannee 1697. — Jeremie roux fils de

paul roux et glaudine Seugnet Le temoins et pierre

jourdan de Cabriere et marie aVis.
Le premier d'aoust Lannee 1697. — Elsij fille de Christoffle

Sgniman et de marguerite Savoy e, Le temoins et

hercules depret et Elsij Jacob.
Le 25 ditau. — Elizabet fille de Etienne Viret et de Marguerite

rous Le temoins Etienne niel et Marie Elizabet.
Le 25 ditau Lannee, 1697. — Lidie fille de Monsieur pierre

Simond ministre a Drakestein et de Mademoiselle

hanna de beurau, le temoins et Isac Taillefer & Marie

Elizabet.
Le 25 ditau 1697. — Helsijs fille de Skal Willems van den

Merves & de hanna prevot.
Le 15 Septembre Lannee 1697. — Jean fils de daniel Nortie et

Marie Vitou. Le temoins et Ercules depre, & marie

Lefevre.
Le 6 Octobre Lannee 1697. — Janne fille de Jacob Villiers et de

Marguerita Gardiol, Le temoins et Abrahaam de

ViUiers et Mademoiselle Le fevre.
Le 6 ditau Lannee i6()'j. — Salomon fils de david Senecal et de

Madelaine dupuit Le temoins et Salomon Gournay

et Susanne Seugnet.
Le II Novembre Lannee ditau. — Francoise fille de pierre

jaubert et de Elijzabet Richarde, Le temoins sont

paul le fevre Metre Sirurgien et Elyzabet Taillefer.
Le II Novembre Lannee ditau. — Geertru fille de Corneillis

Corpenant et de Le temoins sont geert

jaanse et marie heeims.

104 The French Refugees at the Cape.

Le 24 Novembre Lannee" i6gy. — Susanneffille d abraam de
Villiers et de Susanne Gardiol, Le temoins sont Jean
Gardiol et Susanne taillefer.

Le premier de Decemhre, 1697 elle ete a ete haptizee. — Elizabet
fille de jedeon Mallerbe & de Marie Grillion, le
temoins jacque, Mallant, et Elizabet Richard.

Le 8 ditau Lannee 1697. — Anna EUizabet fille de Monsieur
Ara'am Dimmes &c ; sans avoir eut aucun billiet
pour Le nom de la mere ny pour Le temoins. '>-^

Le 8 ditau Lannee 1697. — Geertru fille d'un beau fils de la
Venue ; de haandris Kelbeers ; Le temoins et piter
van der bil, et la marraine cela gran mere de la'nfant.

Le 15 ditau Lannee, 1697. — Harijs fils de la venue de marie
lanoij famme de Harijs Lekervain ; Le temoins
Christoffle C'nayman et Marguerite Savoye.

1698

Le 12 Fevrier Lannee 1698. — Elizabet fille d Abraam Vivret &

Jaqueminne de pree, Le pere a ete Le temoin Elizabet

de pree.
Le 8 juin Lannee, 1698. — Daniel, fils de Charle Marais et Anne

de Ruel pour temoins daniel de Ruel ; et catherinne

Tabourdeux ;
Le 10 Aoust Ian. 1698. — Johannes fils de Classe Raas et de

marie van Staden, Le temoins et Marthe van Staden,

et la marraine Caterina Wellems.
Le 17 ditau Lannee, 1698. — Hendris Willems fils de Eskal

Wellems van de Meriiven, Anne prevot pour Temoins

piter Ro'obeers et une fille Willems Eskal.
Le 27 Julliet Lannee 1698. — Marthe, fille de pierre Rousseau

et de hanne Retif pour temoins Monsr. pierre Simond,

ministre du saint Evangile a drakestein, et

mademoiselle hanna de beiireau.
Le 27 ditau 1698. — Jean fils de Matthieu frachas^ et de janne

Cordie, pour temoins Jedeon legrand: et Susanne

Taillefer.
Le 24 Aoust Lannee 1698. — Pierre fils pierre Marcevene, et de

Ehzabet de pres, Le temoins et pierre dumon et

Sisijlha de pres pour marainne.
Le 24 ditau. — Marie fille de jacque teront et de Marie janne,

Le temoins et hercules de pret et jaquemine, de pres

pour maraine.
Le 21 Septemhre Lannee 1698. — Erassemus fils de piter Ras-

semus et de Marie Elizabet Le temoins et beeme

piter blom & Caterina blom pour maraine.

' Fracasse

Baptisms: 1694—1713. 106

Le 26 Octobre Lannee ditau. — Marie fille de louis florij et de
Susanne Cordie pour temoins Jacob Cordie et sa
Soeur Cordie pour maraine.

Le 26 ditau Lannee i6g8. — Philippe, fils de Louis Cordie et de
frangoise Martinet Le temoins et monsieur pierre
Simond ministre du Saint E V.g. et Mademoiselle
Anne de beureau.

Le 30 decemhre Lannee ditau .-~Chdix\e , fils de Eska'al Wellems
et de Anna pruost pour temoins Wellems Eska'al van
den Merve et Elsijs Jacob.

Le 30 desemhre 1698. — Anne fille de pierre jourdan de Cabriere
et Anne fauche. le pere de lanfant luy a Seruy de
temoin et la gran mere, pour Maraine.

1699

Le 18 januier Lannee 1699. — Janne fille de izabeau Longu^

venu6 du defunt jean jourdan pour temoins Jacque

Mallant et hanne fauche, pour marraine.
Le 12 Fevrier de Lannee 1699. — Jacob fils de Escalk Wellems

et de Anne prevost Le temoins et piter Ro'obres et

sa famme, pour marraine, baptize a drakestein pour

monsieur pierre Simond ministre du Saint E.V.G.
Le 15 Mars Lannee 1699. — Francina fille de fran^ois bastians

la mere marie Anne ; pour temoins jan Eskeppein

et jaapis Wellems pour Marraine.
Le 16 Avril Lannee ditau. — Marie Madelaine fille de paul

le fevre et de pour temoins piter Robeers et sa

famme pour marraine.
Le 3 May Lamiee ditau. — Eva fille de pierre L'ombart et de

Marie Couteau Le temoins sont le fils et la fille de

monsieur pierre Simond mais monsr. et mademoiselle

Simond il on — Repondu pour leurs enfans.
Le 3 May Lannee 1699. — Jacobus fils de hance handris et de

Marie Lanoy pour temoins jean Durand et Marie

lefeve.
Le 22 Avril Lannee ditau. — Jean fils de paul roux et de

glaudine Seugnet pour temoins Charle Marais et

hanne de Ruel.
Le 29 Avril Lannee ditau. — Pierre fils de piter beeme blom

et de Caterina blom pour temoins piter Rassemus

et la mere de lanfant a repondu pour marraine.
Le 14 juin Lannee 1699. — hanneta fille de be^rne Lubeck et

de Warna vandenbren, pour temoins Jacobus brand-

enbeur, et hanneta pour Marraine.
Le 14 juin. — Marie fille de philippe de pres et de Elizabet

prevost, pour temoins pierre Dumond et marie le feve

pour marraine.

106 The French Refugees at the Cape.

Le 14 diiau Lannce 1699. — Jacobus fils de konra ge'er klout et

de Marthe pour temoins beerne Beurger

et Marthe Wellems pour marraine.
Le 28 juin Lannee 1699. — frangois fils de frangois dutoij et de

Susanne Seugnet, pour temoins et Jedeon Legrand

et Lena dutoit pour Marraine.
Le 28 ditau. — Jean fils de pierre Villiers et Marie Elizabet

taillefer pour temoins jean Taillefer et Ge'ertru

dutoy pour marraine.
Le 28 ditau. — Corneillijs fils de handris Norman et la mere

de lanfant Long presante au Saint bapteme.
Le 23 A'oust Lannee 1699. — Marthe fille de jacque pinar et

De Marthe Le feve Le temoins Gabriel Le rous et

barbara Le feve, pour Marraine.
Le 14 Septbre Lannee 1699. — Jacobus fils de Jacob VilHers et

de Marguerite Gardiol pour temoins Abra'am VilUers

et isabeau Richar pour Marraine.
Le 14 ditau. — Etienne fils d etienne Viret et de Marguerite reus

il ont presante Leur Enfant au Saint bapteme eux

meme.
Le 20 Septembre 1699. — Jean fils d Abraam Villiers et de

Susanne Gardiol, Le temoins et Jacob Villiers et

Marguerite Gardiol pour marraine.
Le 4 Octobre Lannee 1699. — Pierre fils de Daniel Terrie et de

Sara Jacob, Le temoins et Louis barret et Susanne

Seugnet pour Marraine.

Jacque de port6 et Sara Vitout il on presante eux

meme un petit enfant que dieu Leur a donne, au

saint bapteme Le 4 Octobre 1699.
Le 4 Octobre 1699. — Anne marie fille hance Jacob, a ete pre-

sant^e au Saint Bapteme Le temoins et han hance

et Anne Marie pour Marraine.
Le 25 Octobre 1699. — -Marie hanna fille de pierre Rassemus et

de Marie EHzabet Le temoins et pierre Christiaans

de ja'ager Jremena de jaager Wal.
Le 25 ditau 1699. — -Janne fille de Christoffie Senayment et de

Marguerite Savoije le temoins et Christians de bacre

et marie delanoy pour Marraine.
Le 6 Decembre 1699. — Louise fille de pierre jaubert et de

izabeau Richard, Le temoins et fran^oise dutoij et

marie madelaine — pour Marraine, —
Le 6 ditau Lannee 1699. — Pierre fils de pierre jourdan de

Cabriere et de Anne fauche, Le temoins et pierre

Rous et Susanne Seugnet pour Marraine.
Le 27 Jauuier 1700. — Jean fils de David Senecal Et de Anne

Madelaine dupuit le temoins le pere et la mere de

Lanfant il on repondu.

Baptisms: 1694— ]71S. 107

Le 7 Mars Lannee 1700. — Jean lils de Charle Marais et de

Anne de Ruel, le temoins et Abram Bluze et Marie

Marais pour marraine.
Le 3 May 1700. — Pierre fils de pierre Rousseau et de Anne

Retif Le temoins et gabriel Lerous et marie Elisabet

taillefer pour Marraine.
Le 10 May 1700. — Jean fils de Christoffle Extreux le pare et

la mere Long presente au Saint Bapteme, sans point

de billiet.
Le 4 Julliet 1700. — Susanne fille de Jedeon Mallerbe, et de

Marie Grillion Le temoins et fran^ois Retif et la

mere de Lanfant, marraine.
Le 4 ditai'i 1700. — Christian fils de classe Ra'as et de Marie

van Staden, Le temoins et Marthines van Staden et

Gasparde van Staden pour Marraine.
Le 22 Aoust 1700. — Marie fille d abraam Viviet et de Jaque-

mine depret Le temoins Jacob Viviet et Marie Janne

depret, pour marraine.
Le 22 ditai'i 1700. — Jacque fils de Jacque Teron et de Marie

Janne depret Le temoins et Jean Maniet et Elizabet

d?prest pour marraine.
Le 2 Janvier 1701. — Josue fils de Josue Sellie et de Elizabet

Couvret Le temoins et Claude Marais et Caterine

Tabourdeux, pour marraine.
Le 27 Mars 1701. — Marthe, fille de Louis fourij et de Susanne

Cordie Le temoins et Louis Cordie et francoisse

Martinet, pour marraine.
Le 10 Avril 1701. — hercules fils de Philippe depret, et de

Elizabet prevost Letemoins Hercules depret et la

granmere Sysillia depre pour marraine.
Le 15 May 1701. — Elizabet fille de Matthieu frachas et de

Janne Cordie Le temoins et Jacob Cordie ; et Elizabet

Villiers, pour marraine.
Le 8 Julliet 1701. — Ellaina fille de beerne beurger et de Martha

Eskal Le temoins et frangois du toit et Susanne

Seugnet pour marraine.
Le 24 Julliet 1701. — Philippe fils de Christoffle Senaiman et

de Marguerite Savoye, Le temoins et philippe Rodolf

et Alleta Savoye, mais Claude marais a Repondu

pour Le garson et la mere Repondu sa fille.
7 Aoiist 1701. — Marie fille de pierre Villiers et de Elizabet

Taillefer, Le temoins et pierre Taillefer, et Elizabet

de Villiers pour marraine.
Le 14 ditau. — Gabriel, fils de Pierre Rousseau et de Anne

Retif, Le temoins et pierre Villiers et Susanne

Seugnet pour marraine.

108 The French Refugees at the Cape.

Le 14 ditati 1701. — Anne Madelaine fille de David Senecal et
de Anne Madelaine dupuit, le pere a Repondu pour
son enfant et Susanne dupuit pour marraine.

Le 21 ditau 1701. — Gedeon fils de paul Lefevre et de Elizabet
Sisillia ; Le temoins et Gedeon Le gran, et Susanne
briet pour marraine.

Le 28 ditau 1701. — Jean fils de Jean garde, et de Susanne
Taillefer, Le temoins et paul Lefevre, et Susanne
briet, pour marraine.

Le 23 Octobre 170 1. — Willems fils de Eskal Willems et de
Anne prevot Le temoins beerne beurger, et Marthe
Escalk pour marraine.

Le 30 Octobre 1701. — Joseph fils de pierre jourdan de Cabriere
et de Anne fauche, Le temoins et Louis barret
Eizabeau long, pour marraine.

Le 4 Novembr: 1701. — Marthe fille de frangois dutoit et de
Susanne Seugnet Le temoins et beerne beurger et
Marthe Escalk pour marraine.

Le 27 ditau 1701. — Anne fille de paul Couvret, et de Anne
Wallete, Le temoins et jean Taillefer et Elizabet
Couvret pour marraine.

Le II Novembre 1701. — Sara fille de jean de buz, et de Sara
Jacob Le temoins et frangois dutoit et Anne Retif
pour marraine.

Tous ces enfans quil sont cy dessus ecrit il sont
ete baptize dans Leglise de Drakestein pour Monsr.
pierre Simond Ministre du Saint Evangile, en registre
pour paul Roux ; autant quil ma ete possible de puis
Lannee 1694 jusques a lannee 1701.

Le 21 Septembre 1709. — Marie fille de frangois dutoit, et de
Susanne Seugnet, Le temoins et pierre Rousseau et
marie janne depret quil 1 on pressantee. au saint
bapteme, Le same dit 21 Septembre dans Lannee
1709. Baptize pour monsieur daillie ministre du
Saint E.V.g. au Cap et ces enfans quij sont cy dessus
ecrit sont ete, baptize dans Leglise de drakestein.

Le 21 Septembre Lannee 1709. — Abra'am fils de josu6 Selliet,
et Elizabet Couvret il on fait pressanter au saint
Bapteme pour etr6 Baptize pour Monsr. Daillie
ministre du Saint E.V.g. Le temoins et Abraam
Villiers Le fils, et Ester Roux, pour marraine, a
drakestein.

A' Drakestein Le 22 Septembre 1709.' — Susanne fille de Louis
Le riche et de Susanne fauche il ont fait presanter
au saint bapteme Le dimanche 22 ; dudit mois,
monsieur Daille, il a aussi baptized cette fille Le
temoins et frangois dutoit, et Susanne Seugnet pour
marraine.

Baptisms: 1694—1713. 109

Le 22 ditau 1709. — Jacque ; fils de Charle marais, et de Anne
De Ruel, il on pressante au saint Sacrement du
bapteme, baptize pour Monsieur Daillie ministrc du
Saint E.V.g. Le temoins et Charle marais, et Anne
Roux pour marraine a drakestein Le 22 Septembre.

Ls 22 ditau 1709. — Jean, fils de jean debuz, et de Sara Jacob,
pour le presanter au saint sacremens du Saint
bapteme, Le temoins et daniel Jacob, et marthe
le fevre pour marraine cet enfant a Aussy Receu
Le saint Sacremens de mains de monsieur Daillie
a Leglise de drakestein.

Le 22 ditau 1709. — Pierre fils de jacque Teron ; et de marie
janne depre, il on pressente au saint bapteme et
Monsieur daillie ministre La baptize Le dimanche
22 Septembre, — dans Leglise de Drakestein, Le
temoins et fran9ois dutoit et Corneillia Villion pour
marraine.

Le 22 ditau 1709. — Wellem, fils de piter Wellem Van herden
et de Makel Eskal, il on presante au Saint bapteme,
et Monsr. Daillie Ministre La aussi baptize Le meme
Jour du 22 Septembre, dans Leglise de Drakestein,
Letemoins et beerne beurger et Johanna famme de
geert basson pour Marraine.

Le 22 Septembre 1709. — Jean fils de david du buisson et de
glaudine L'ombart, il on pressante son enfant au
Saint bapteme pour etre baptize Le Dimanche 22
Septembre, Le temoins et Ja'an Elberst et Sophia
hapel pour marraine.

Tout ce huict enfans sont ete baptize pour mon-
sieur Daillie ministre du Saint E.V.G. Dans Leglise
de drakestein Le 22 Septembre.

EUeeinee Le6 Fevrier Lannee 1711. — EHsabet fille d' abra'am
prevost et de hanna marcevene, elle a ete presant^e
au saint bapteme, Le 17 may. Letemoins et piter
hance van Marcevene et Elisabet depre, pour mar-
raine, baptizee pour monsieur beck ministre du
Saint E.V.g dans Leglise de drakestein.

// et ne Le 15 Avril Lannee 1711. — Isac fils de la Venue, du
defunt Charle marais il a ete, presante, au saint
Bapteme Le 17 may, Le temoins et Etienne marais,
et Elizabet Villiers et a ete Baptize pour Monsr.
beck ministre du Saint E.V.g dans Leglise de
drakestein.

Le 5 Mam Lannee 1713. — hanna fille de L'aupretorijs et de
marie Rousseau elle a ete presantee au saint bapteme,
dans Lamaison d' Abra'am Villiers et Monsieur
Camper ministre du Saint evangele, etant de Retour

110 The French Refugees at the Cape.

de son voyage des indes oriantales il a baptize cete
fille Letemoins et pierre Rousseau et^Geertru dutoit
pour marraine.
Le 5 Mars Lannee 1713. — Marie fille de koenra'ad sckeper et
de marie bota ; elle a ete presantde, au saint sacre-
mant du Bapteme dans La maison d Abra'am de
Villiers et Monsr. Camper ministre du Saint E.V.
gille a Aussy baptize cette petite fille et Le temoins
et jacobus bota, et Catherina bota poiu" marraine.

Church Members: 1715.

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IVIAP

SHEWING POSITION OF FARMS
GRANTED TO

^ FRENCH & DUTCH SETTELERS

UP TO 1700

F R ANS

INDEX TO FARMS
/ La Dauphtna

J. La Br I

5. Champagne

6. Ca6r/er&

7. la /VoA (la Ccfh,)
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S /« 7S/-/-« ^e li/c
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23 la Parts

24 (Ac/ja/n/nj Farm Sfo/?)

25 le P/sisi.s Mar/e

26 S,an

27 l^reJe en lus/
2S La Mla/fs(,iear.5iman.sBer^) 60. (Aa/i'o/mhg //(SxenSerj )
■e-3. Fr^JriAs Berj g/ ySr^/VU^

30. Bergen Henegaunren S2. Mexsnierg

Jl OraUens/im HerU iJ De 6roer7£ FanJ^in

■32. Den Sae/en /nya/ 6* O/yv^nftaut

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j^

MAP

SHEWING POSITION OF FARMS
GRANTED TO

FRENCH e. DUTCH SETTELERS
UP TO 1700

NSCV^*

■■apfteJ in Me -^arreyor i^ener^/^ tf/57«-< ^^« Taff?.

d

CHAPTER VIII.

EXTRACTS FROM THE PRINCIPAL
DOCUMENTS RELATING TO THE REFUGEES.

Extract uit de Resolutien van de Vergadering der
Heeren Zeventienen, gedateerd 3 October 1685.^

Gehoort S5mde net rapport van de Heeren Commissarissen
volgens en uyt crachte van de resolutie commissoriael van
den 18 August! lestleden gebesoigneert hebbende over 't
werck van de Caap, mitsgaders de resumtie van de brieven
van daer ontfangen, is goet gevonden en geresolveert dat
men tot voortsettinge van den Lantbouw aldaer, waer toe
de apparentien sich van tydt tot tydt meer favorabel comen
op te doen, en de Cornp® in die swaere lasten van 't guarnisoen
wat te soulageren, mitsgaders voor te wesen dat men 't selve
niet sal behoeven jaerlijcks van rijs te provideren, meerder
aantal Coloniers derwaerts sal beschicken, mits dat het
geschikte Luyden sijn en van die verwachtinge dat sy met
het geene van haer industrie, wetenschap, of hantwerk is en
wel voornamentlyck den Lantbouw haer sullen cunnen
erneren, om 'twelcke te doen en t' effectueren de Cameren
bij desen werden geauthoriseert, verstaande op soodanigen
reglement mitsgaders eedt by deselve te presteren als hier
vervolgens is geinscreert. Dat men onder de voors : Colo-
niers mede sal mogen nemen Fransche Vluchtelingen van de
gereformeerde religie, voornaementlyck te becomen synde
eenige wyngaerdiniers en die haer op het maecken van as)^
en het disteleren van Brandewijn verstaan, mits een getuy-
genisse van de consistorie met haer brengende, dat het
eerlijcke Luyden sijn die dan mede als nederlanders sullen
werden geconsidereert. Dat inmiddels by de resp : Cameren
derwaerts sullen werden gesonden 48 jonge dochters off
meijden en daer onder wel bijsonderlijck soodanige die haer
op het bouwwerck verstaen off daerin opgevoeth sijn, nae-
menthjk —

by de Camer van Amsterdam . . . . 24

By Zeelant . . . . . . . . . . 12

En bij de andere Cameren ieder drie , . 12

Maekende te saemen . . . . 48

En sal voort het voors : reglement soo als het hier nae volcht
werden eredruckt : —

b^

[See further resolution.]

Printed in Spoelstra's " Bouwstoffen." 2-599.

126 The h'rench Refugees at the Cape.

Extract from the Resolutions of the Assembly of
THE Seventeen, dated 3rd October, 1685.

Having heard the report of the Commissioners appointed and
empowered in accordance with the Commissorial Resolution
of i8th Aug. last, dealing with the work being done at the
Cape, together with letters received from that settlement, it
has been agreed and resolved as follows :

That, in order to encourage farming, which, according
to all reports, seems to be flourishing there more and more
as time goes on, and thus to reduce somewhat the heavy
expenses incurred by the Company in connection with the
upkeep of the garrison, a larger number of Colonists
be sent out, who, provided they are capable men, will soon
do away with the necessity of supplying the garrison yearly
with rice from India. It is further expected that they will
be able to subsist by means of their industry, knowledge,
or handicraft. In order to effect the necessary emigration
the Chambers are hereby authorised to act according to
the following Regulation, provided always that the oath has
been administered ; and to include among those chosen as
colonists French Refugees of the reformed religion, especially
those understanding the cultivation of the vine, the making of
vinegar and the distilling of brandy, on condition that they
bring with them a member of the Consistory who can testify
to their honesty, upon which they shall be considered as
Netherlanders. Also that at the same time 48 young women
or maids shall be sent out, particularly several who under-
stand farming or have been brought up on a farm ; namely
From the Chamber of Amsterdam . . . . 24

From Zeeland . . . . . . . . . . 12

And from the other Chambers three from each 12

Making in all . . . . . . 48

And further the above Regulation as well as that following
shall be printed : —

[See further resolution.]

Extract uit de Resolutien van de Vergaderingen
der Heeren Zeventienen, gedateerd 6 October
1687 :—

Gehoort synde het rapport van de Heeren Commissarissen
ingevolge van de resolutie commissoriael van den i deses
maents gebesoigneert hebbende over het werck van de uyt-
geweecken pimontoisen off dalluyden, naementlyck off en
hoedaenigen getal men daer van soude cunnen als vrije-
luyden laeten gaen nae de Cabo de bonne Esperance, heeft

Principal Documents. 127

de vergaederingh nae lecture en resumtie van de rcsolutie
van den 3 October 1685 op diergelijck subject genomen,
verstaen deselve resolutie als noch te blyven inhereren.
gelijk als die wort geinhereert by desen doch met die am-
pliatie, dat dewyle daar by alleenlyck wort gesproocken van
Fransche Vluchtelingen, dat het selve mede sal plaets hebben
uit reguarde van de uytgeweecken piemontoisen off dal-
luyden, onse geloofs verwanten, sulcx dat die daer onder
mede sullen werden verstaen te syn begrepen, dat tot dien
eynde eenige van de selve de Cameren van Amsterdam en
Zeelant voorcomende, off haer genegentheyt toonende om
derwaerts getransporteert te worden, op de Schepen die
althans in equippagie leggen, sullen werden geplaetst tot
soodanighen getal toe als de selve schepen bequamelyck
sullen cunnen overvoeren. Dat soo haest de vordere eqxiip-
pagie van Schepen vastgestelt, nader sal worden geresolveert
op het verder getal daermede by de resp'' Cameren afi te
senden en waer toe deselve by desen mede werden geauthori-
seert, en dat onder toeseggingh dat men haar een frans
predicant sal bestellen. Dat het reglement den voors. 3
October 1685 gearresteert voor de vrijeluyden nae de
Caap gaende, en daer onder de voors : fransche vluchtelingen,
mitsgaders dalluyden, als nu mede gereeckent, soo oock den
eedt daer achter aen volgende, beyde in de fransche taele
sullen werden getranslateert, doch met die veranderingh,
dat in plaetse dat der selver verbant aldaar is gestelt op
vyftien jaeren, dat het selve voortaen sal wesen alleen voor
vyf jaeren, en dat noch met die modificatie dat bij aldien
iemant sigh daer by soude mogen vinden beswaert daer over
alsdan aen de vergaderingh van de Seventiene sigh sal mogen
adresseren, om mede vercortinge van die tijd te versoecken,
die oock redenen daer toe dienende sal werden geaccordeert,
luydende dienvolgende het voors : reglement soo en in voegen
't selve op een nieuw is vastgestelt om als is geseyt te werden
gedruckt oock in de fransche taele overgeseth als volght : —

[See page 3.]

Extract from the Resolutions of the Assembly of
THE Seventeen, dated 6th October 1687.

The Report of the Commissioners appointed according to
the instructions of the Commissorial Resolution of ist of
this month, concerning the question of the Piedmontese or
Dalluyden^ Refugees, namely, how many of them might be

Men of the Valleys.

128 The French Refugees at the Cape.

permitted to go to the Cape of Good Hope as freemen, having
been heard, the Assembly, after the reading of the resolution
of the 3rd October 1685 on the same subject, understands it
to be still of force and it is hereby made effective, but with
this amplification, that while in the first place only " French
Refugees " are mentioned, the same treatment be accorded
to the Piedmontese or Dalluyden, our co-religionists, so that,
it is understood that they be included in the above. Thus
should any of them appear at the Chambers of Amsterdam
and Zeeland or show their desire to be transported to the
Cape in the ships at present fully manned, passages shall be
given to as many as the vessels are able to carry.

That as soon as progress in manning the vessels is com-
plete, it shall be further determined how many more shall
be sent off from each Chamber, and where they shall be
authorised to go, with the concession that they shall be
provided with a French minister.

That the Regulation passed on Oct. 3rd 1685, in connection
with the Freemen going to the Cape, (among whom the above
French Refugees and Dalluyden are to be included,) as well
as the oath to be taken by them, be translated into French,
with this further alteration that the engagement stated as
for fifteen years be in future changed to five years only ;
and with this modification, that should anyone during that
time be in difficulties on account of this obligation, he appeal
at once to the Assembly of Seventeen to shorten the period.
The regulation, therefore, and any new one confirming it, if
there be any, is to be translated into and printed in French,
and reads as follows. . . .

[See page 3.]

Extract uit de Resolutien 21.11.1719.

De volgende namen zijn uit een lijst genomen van diegenen
in het boek van " Vrije lieden " verschenen en waren aan de
Compagnie schuldig. De biezonderheden hier gegeven zijn
met betrekking tot de naam, geboorte plaats, in wezen of
overleden, woonplaats, en hoeveel zij aan de Compagnie
schuldig zijn : —

" Estienne Bruere is in wesen, woond over de Bergh Rivier
omtrent de Wagemakers Vallije, en in staad om jaar-
lijx iets aftedoen . . . . . . • • / 357 ^^ ^

Francois Bastiaansz van Armentiers is overleden, dogh
desselfs wed® hertrouwt met Guddert Jansz van
Keulen, en in staad jaarlijx iets afteleggen / 207 15 o

Princif>al Documents. 129

Hendrik Mantje is in wesen, woond aan de Zoute Rivier

agter 't fort, en rijd klippen . . . . / 89 12 8

Jan de Bus is in wesen, gaat bij de buy ten luij arbeijden,

en in staad jaarlijx iets afteleggen . . / 90 o o

Gabriel le Roux is overleden, dogh desselfs wed leeft en

word van de diaconij onderhouden . . / 328 5 o
Jan Roux is overleden, dogh desselfs wed« hertrouwt met

Philip Menaer en in staad jaarlijx iets aftedoen

/ 189 17 o
Charles le Longh is in wesen, dogh arm en buijten staad,

en gaat bij de luijden voor de cost arbeijden

/ 153 4 10
Jacob Nortje is in wesen heeft vrouw en kinders, en gaat

bij dese en geene om de kost te winnert , . / 144 o o
Jan Talifer de Jonge is in wesen, en heeft het nevenst*

in 7 ber (September) in cassa voldaan . . / 48 o o

De volgende personen sijn insolvent, gestorven,
gefugeert en onbekent bevonden als :
Charles Provo v Calis overleden . . . . / 119 17 8

Jan Hardie v Niemes onbekent . . . . / 371 8 5

Nicolaas de Lanoij overleden . . . . / 421 19 6

Pieter Imbert onbekent . . . . / 67 o 14

Johannes Jurgens v Cortryk onbekent . . / 119 12 6
Pieter Jacobsz v Calis overleden . . . . / 552 i 8

Daniel Jacobsz overleden . . . . / 42 o o "

Extract from Resolutions 21.11.1719,

The following names have been extracted from a list of
those who appeared in the book of " free persons " and were
indebted to the Company. The particulars given refer to
the name, place of origin, whether alive, where residing and
amount of indebtedness.

" Estienne Bruere is alive, lives beyond the Bergh River, in
the neighbourhood of Wagonmakers Valley, and is
able to pay off something yearly . . / 357 10 o

Francois Bastiaansz of Armentiers is dead, but his widow
is married to Guddert Jansz of Keulen, and in a
position to pay off something annually . . / 207 15 o
Hendrik Mantje is alive, lives on the banks of Salt River
behind the Fort, and drives wagon loads of stones,

/89 12 8

Jan de Bus is alive, works for the country people, and

is in a position to pay something annually / 90 o o

Gabriel le Roux is dead, but his widow is ahve and is

supported by the Diaconate Fund [Poor Fund]

/528 5 o

130 The French Refugees at the Cape.

Jan Roux is dead, but his widow is married to Philip
Menaer and is able to pay something annually

/ 189 17 o

Charles le Longh is alive but poor and not in a position

to pay anything ; he works for his food . . / 153 4 10

Jacob Nortjes is alive, has a wife and children, and does

odd jobs here and there to earn enough for their food,

/ 144 o o

Jan Talifer the Younger is alive, and paid the following

amount into the treasury last September / 48 o o

The following persons have become insolvent, died,

fled or are unknown : —

Charles Provo from Calais, deceased .. / 119 17 8

Jan Hardie from Niemes, unknown . . / 371 8 5
Nicolaas de Lanoy, deceased . . • • / 421 19 6

Pieter Imbert, unknown . . . . . . / 67 o 14

Johannes Jurgens, from Cortrijk, unknown / 119 12 6
Pieter Jacobsz, from Calais, deceased . . / 552 I 8
Daniel Jacobsz, deceased .. .. .. / 42 o o

InKOMENDE BrIEVEN 1685-1689 BiJLAAG AAN BRIEF I9

December 1687 van de Kamer Delft.
Ordre en Reglement.i

Ter Vergaderingh van de Seventiene, de Generale Nederlantse
Geoctrojeerde Oost-Indische Compagnie representerende
gearresteert, waer op de Kameren sullen vermogen eenige
Luyden en Familien, daer onder mede begrepen Fransche
Vluchtelingen, soo oock uytgeweecken Piemontoisen of
Dalluyden, haer voorkomende, te transporteren en over te
brengen nae de Cabo de Bonne Esperance.

Die geene die alleen of met syn FamiUe nae de Caap soeckt
te gaen, sal tot dien eynde passagie derwaerts op een van
de Schepei? van de Compagnie werden geaccordeert, en buyten
kosten of lasten overgebracht, mits doende den Eedt van
getrouwigheyt aen de gemelte Compagnie.

Des sal geen andere of verdere Bagagie mogen mede nemen
als tot noodigh gebruyck onderwegen van doen sal hebben,
en dat ter discretie van de Bewinthebberen daer hy sal komen
uyt te varen, verstaende buyten Contanten, alsoo hem sal
vry staen die mede te nemen.

Voorts sal hij hem aen de Cabo de Bonne Esperance
moeten te neder stellen, om hem aldaer te erneren, 't zy
met de Landt-bouw, of met het geene van syn Industrie,
Wetenschap, Handt-werck of Ambacht, soude mogen wesen.

' Printed in Spoelstra, 2-641 .

Principal Documents. 131

Die sich met den Landt-bouw sal soecken te gedoen, sal
soo veel Landt in eygendom werden gegeven als hy sal
kunnen beheeren, aen dewelcke des nooth synde, ter Leen
sullen mede werden verstreckt alle noodige Bouwgereet-
schappen, Zaet-Koorn en Bestiael, om dat weder aen de
Compagnie met Koorn, en anders na gelegenheyt goet te doen.

Die als vooren dervvaerts aengaet 't sy alleen of met syn
vrouw en kinderen, of wel jonge Dochters mede alleen,
sullen gehouden zyn daer te Lande te verblyven den tydt
van vyf jaeren, met dien verstande nochtans dat by aldien
iemand sigh by die tydt van vyf jaeren nogh soude mogen
vinden beswaert, dat hy sigh aen de Caep zynde, daer over
aen de gemelte Vergaderinge van de Seventiene by requeste
sal vermogen te addresseeren, en verkortinge versoecken,
die oock, redenen daer toe dienende, sal werden geaccordeert.

Die na expiratie van de voorsz. vyf jaeren weder na dese
Landen sal soecken te gaen, sal voor transport en Kost-geldt
betaelen als volght, alle Mans en Vrouws-Persoonen twaelf
jaeren en daer boven oudt zynde voor haer transport yeder
Hondert en vyftigh gulden, en die beneden de twaelf jaeren
oudt zyn, vyf en seventigh guldens, en daer en boven voor
Kost-geldt, de Mans-Persoonen die in de Cajuyt sullen kunnen
worden geaccommodeert dertigh stuyvers, die in de Hut,
achtien stuyvers, en by 't gemeene Volck negen stuyvers,
de Vrouws-Persoonen boven de twrelf jaeren oudt zynde,
die in de Cajuyt sullen eeten eene gulden, in de Hutte twaelf
stuyvers, en by 't gemene Volck negen stuyvers 's daegs,
suUende de voorsz. betalinge werden gedaen voor den tydt
van vier Maenden, volgens Recepisse daer van te verleenen,
onder die conditie en toesegginge nochtans, dat indien eenige
van deselve op de reyse souden mogen komen te overlyden,
ter Kamer aen dewelcke de Schepen geconsigneert gaen, aen
der selver Erfgenamen of recht verkregen hebbende sal werden
gerestitueert, soo veel by of van wegen de selve nae advenant
de voorseyde vier Maenden van haer vertreck af, tot haer
afsterven toe gereeckent, 't over of te veel betaelt soude mogen
wesen, sonder datse nochtans sullen vermogen eenige Koop-
manschappen met haer van daer te brengen, oock geen
andere ommeslagh van goedercn als tot haer lyf en anders is
behoorende, sullende alle 't overige, als by haer tegen de ordre
overgebraght, hier te Lande ten profyte van de Compagnie
werden aengehouden, maer 't geene Zy-luyden daer te Lande
souden mogen hebben geprospeert, sullen sy gehouden zyn
in geldt te converteeren ; en 't selve aen de Compagnie op
wissel te tellen, om haer hier te Lande geldt om geldt met
de ordinaris advance van 4 per Cento weder te werden goet
gedaen.

132 The French Refugees at the Cape.

Letters Received 1685-1687 Annexure to Letter dated
19TH December 1687 from Chamber Delft.

Rules and Regulations

of the Assembly of the Seventeen, representing the General
Netherlands East Indies Chartered Company, whereby it is
enacted that the Chambers be empowered to transport and
ship to the Cape of Good Hope certain persons and their
families, among whom may be included French Refugees
as well as emigrant Piedmontese or Dalluyden, who may
appear suitable to them.

Those who desire to go to the Cape, either alone or accom-
panied by their families, will be given a free passage there
on one of the ships of the Company, and be taken over free
of all expense whatsoever, on condition that they take the
oath of allegiance to the Company referred to above.

That no further luggage is to be taken besides what
will be needed during the voyage, and that which the dis-
cretion of the Directors consider sufficient for their needs,
understanding that they shall be allowed to take specie free.

Further, they must settle at the Cape of Good Hope and
earn a living there either by farming or with the fruits of
their industry, knowledge, handiwork or trade.

Those who decide to go in for farming will be given as much
land in freehold as they are able to cultivate, in addition to
which all necessary articles for farming will be lent to them
as need arises, such as seed for corn, or oxen, and these may
be paid for in corn or anything else as occasion offers.

Those who, as stated, sail for the Cape either alone or
accompanied by wives and children, or in the case of young
women, alone, will be bound to remain there for a period of
five years, with the understanding that if, during that time,
anyone should find himself in difficulties at the Cape, he be
entitled to address a request to the Seventeen to reduce the
length of this period, and this request will be granted if good
cause be shown for making it.

Those who, after the expiration of the five years, wish to
return to these shores, shall be allowed to return on pa-ying
for their passage and for their food on board, as follows :

All men, and women twelve years of age and older, one
hundred and fifty guilders^ (£13 15 o) for passage ;
those under twelve, seventy-five guilders {£6 17 6).

' One guilder equals is. lod.

Principal Documents. 133

For food on board, per day :
Men : —

Those accommodated in the saloon, 30 stuivers (2/6).
Those accommodated in the stern, 18 stuivers (1/6).
Those accommodated with the common folk, 9 stuivers
(9d.).
Women : —

Over twelve years of age : — In saloon, i guilder (i/io) ;
in stern, 12 stuivers (i/-) ; with common folk, 9
stuivers (gd.).
These charges are to be paid in advance for four months,
and a receipt to show this will be handed over by the
Company, on this condition, however, that should any
passenger die on the voyage the heirs or legal possessors of the
estate would be refunded by the Chamber to which the vessel
was consigned the proportional amount paid in excess, after
the length of time between the commencement of the voyage
until the person's death had been taken into consideration ;
that no merchandise from the colony being allowed in their
luggage, all that which was not personal property would be
seized and sold for the Company's profit as having been
brought contrary to the Company's orders ; but that what-
ever they saved here they ought to convert into money, which
they should then exchange with the Company, when they
would, on arrival in the Netherlands, receive not only their
own money, but also additional commission of four per cent.

Extract uit brief gedateerd 16 November 1687 van

DE XVII. AAN DE KaAP. C512.

. . . Alleenlyk sal dese dienen om U.E. bekent te maken,
dat wy geresolveert hebben U.E. neffens andere vryeluyden
mede te laeten toekomen eenige Fransche en Piemontoise
Vlughtelingen en dat op soodanigen voet en conditien als het
reglement dienaengaende gemaeckt, waer van eenige exem-
plaeren soo in de Nederlants als Fransche taelen hier neffens
werden gesonden breder dicteert, alle van gereformeerde
religie, tot oeffeningh van welcke wij haer mede een predicant
hebben g'accordeert, die met een van schepen van Camer
van Zeelant staet aftegaen. Onder deselve sullen U.E. mede
vinden wyngardeniers, mitsgrs. die haer op 't maken van
Brandewijn en azyn verstaenen waermede wy houden dat
het gebreck waer over U.E. dienaengaende klaegen met eenen
zal wesen voldaen.

De voorsz. Luyden sullen U.E. als van alles ontbloot synde
op haer aenkomste de hant moeten bieden en furneren 't
geene tot haere subsistentie sal nodigh wesen tot datse
geseten sullen syn en haer eygen kost kunnen winnen arbeijt-

134 Tlic French Refugt'cs at the Cape.

saeme menschen sijnde en die haer met weijnigh laeten
vernoegen, en sullen U.E. daermede wyders hebben te
handelen, gelyk wij U.E. voor dese in 't reguarde van vrye-
luyden van onse natie hebben aengeschreven en geordonneert.
Wanneer de voorsz : vrijeluyden wat meerder ingetale
sullen aengewassen wesen, sal het strecken tot een groote
ontlastinge van t Guarnisoen dat wij tot nogh toe tot sulcke
sware lasten en kosten van Comp^ doen hebben onderhouden.
Als men sonde uijtreeckenen wat en hoeveel ons de Caep
die tot nogh toe alleen often principalen gedient heeft tot
een verversch plaets voor de gaende en komende schepen
heeft gekost soude dat een emensi somme importeren en daer
om sal men op middelen moet dencken komen die ons voor-
taen min costen sal kunnen doen vallen.

Letters Received : Extract from Letter dated i6th
Nov. 1687. From the Seventeen to the Cape.

. , . This is solely to inform you that we have resolved
to send you, besides other freemen, some French and Pied-
montese Refugees and that they are to be placed upon such
a footing and under such conditions as the Regulations
concerning them lay down, of which several copies in the
Dutch and French languages are sent herewith, and will
explain more fully. They are all Protestants, and we have
granted them a minister so that they may enjoy the exercise
of their religion. He is to take passage on one of the ships
of the Chamber of Zeeland. Among them your Honours
will find vine cultivators as well as those who understand
the manufacture of brandy and vinegar, so that we hope
that the lack of these articles so frequently deplored by you
will now be supplied.

These people are now destitute, and on their arrival they
are to be welcomed by you and supplied with whatever is
necessary for their subsistence until they have settled down
and are able to earn their own living. They are industrious
people, satisfied with little, and your Honours are to give
them the same treatment as is laid down by us for freemen
of our own nation at the Cape.

As soon as the freemen referred to have increased numeri-
cally, the result will be that the garrison at the Cape may be
diminished, as it has always been a heavy tax on the Com-
pany's resources. If it were to be calculated how much the
Cape has cost, although until now it has served solely, or
principally, as a refreshment station for passing vessels to
or from India, it would amount to an immense sum, and
therefore such measures as are likely to reduce the expendi-
ture for the future must be considered.

Principal Documents.

135

Extract uit de Resolutien van de Vergadering der
Heeren Zeventienen, gedateerd I April 1688.

Voort synde het rapport van de Heeren Commissarissen
naegesien, en geexamineert hebbende de Lysten vervattende
de naeraen en 't getal dergenen die met de laetste schepen
nae Indien syn afgegaen, om haar als Coloniers aen Cabo de
bonne Esperance te erneren, breder in 't 8^ point van be-
schryvinge vermelt, is bevonden deselve in soo veel en
soodaenige persoonen te bestaen, als in de hieronder gestelde
notitie, die de vergaderingh goet gevonden heeft dat in de
notulen sal werden geinsereert, staen vervath.

L5^te van t getal der geener die met de laest vertrocken
Schepen by de volgende Cameren nae Indien syn afgegaen
om haer als Coloniers aen de Cabo de Bonne Esperance ter
neder te setten,

Fransche Vlugtelingen.
By Zeelant mans personen . . . . • • 15

By Amsterdam „ . . . . . . 6

By Delft „ 12

By Rotterdam „ . . . , • • 15

By Hoorn „ . . . . 8

By Zeelant vrouws personen
By Amsterdam „

By Delft

By Rotterdam „

By Hoorn „

By Zeelant
By Amsterdam
By Delft
By Rotterdam
By Hoorn

Te

kinderen

- 56

9
6

4
6

4

29

23
3
6

7

2

— 41

fransche als piemontoisen

126

saemen soo
vlughteHngen

Noch staen met Zuyt Bevelani van de Camer van
Zeelant aff te gaen
Mans personen
Vrouws personen . .
Kinderen, soo Jongens als Doghten-

En Sulx in alles te saemen, personen

II

4
10

— 25
151

[Afgeschreven van'n kopie door Dr. G. McC. Theal van het origineel
in de Archief aan den Haag. Kaapse Archief, C200. j

136

The French Refugees at the Cape.

Extract from the Resolutions of the Assembly of
THE Council of Seventeen, dated April ist, 1688.

Further the report of the Commissioners was scrutinized,
and it was found upon examination that the Hsts containing
the names and numbers of those who sailed for India with
the last boats in order to earn a living as Colonists at the
Cape of Good Hope, more fully notified in the 8th point of
the letter, contained so many and such persons' names as
are contained in the notice given below, which the Assembly
are satisfied should be inserted in the minutes.

List of the numbers of those who left with the last vessels
for India from the following Chambers, in order to settle as
colonists at the Cape of Good Hope.

French Refugees.

From Zeeland

Men

.. 15

From Amsterdam

j> . . .

.. 6

From Delft

„ . . .

.. 12

From Rotterdam

,, . . ,

.. 15

From Hoorn

„ . . .

.. 8

From Zeeland

Women

.. 9

From Amsterdam

,,

.. 6

From Delft

,,

.. 4

From Rotterdam

,,

.. 6

From Hoorn

j>

.. 4

From Zeeland

Children

.. 23

From Amsterdam

,, . . .

• 3

From Delft

,,

.. 6

From Rotterdam

,,

.. 7

From Hoorn

,,

2

- 56

— 29

— 41

Totalling French and Piedmontese refugees

126

The following number still remains to proceed with the
Zuid Beveland from the Chamber Zeeland :

Men II

Women . . . . . . . . 4

Children, boys and girls . . . . 10

— 25

Making altogether . . 151 persons.

[Copy of a copy made from the original in the Hague Archives by
Dr. G. McC. Theal (Cape Archives, Reference C200).]

:der selver kinderen

Principal Documents. 137

Extract uit brief 19 December 1687 van de Kamer
Delft. C.512.

Met dit schip^ staen mede van hier te gaen de volgende
persoonen, die om de vervolginge tegens de waere gerefor-
meerde Religie in Vrankrijk bij ons sijn overgekomen, die
nu volgens Resolutie van de vergaderingh der Heeren 17
en 't reglement aen de Caep moeten werden geplaetst en als
vrije luijden tot den lantbouw en andere hantwercken ge-
bruijkt, wij recommandeeren U : E : deselve in alles behulp-
saem te wesen waer aen de Compe in 't particulier en de
kercks godsdienst sal geschieden — ^namentlijk

Charles Marais uijt plessis in Vrankrijk
Catarina Taboureux sijn huijsvrouw
Claude Marais out 24 jaeren'
Charles Marais 19 jaeren
Isaac Marais 10 jaeren

Marie Marais 6 jaeren_

Philippe Fouche
Anne Fouche sijn huijsvrouw
Anne Fouche 6 jaeren^j

Esther Fouche 5 jaeren I haere kinderen 3
Jacques Fouche 3 jaeren j
Marguerite Basche jonge dogter out 23 jaeren
Estienne Bruere jonghman oud 23 jaeren is een wagen-
maker.

Jacques Pinard, oud 23 jaer Is

een timmerman.
'Esther Fouche out 21 jaeren

jonge dogter
Pierre Sabatie, out 22 "de Massiere jongman
Jean Leroux out 21 jaeren jonghman
Gedeon Malherbe 25 jaeren jonghman.
Jean Paste 25 jaeren jongman
Panel Godefroy 22 jaeren jongman
Gasper Fouche 21 jaeren
Gabriel Le roux out 17 jaeren

Letters Received : Extract from Letter dated 19TH
Dec. 1687. From the Chamber of Delft,

Of those who came over to us on account of the persecution
of the Reformed Religion in France, the following persons
are proceeding to the Cape on this vessel (Vocrschooten) in
accordance with the Resolution and Regulation of the
Seventeen at Amsterdam, namely, that they are to be settled

' Voorschooten.

Dese 2 sijn alhier voor
haer vertreck te sa-
men getrouwt

138 The French Refugees at the Cape.

as freemen at the Cape, and to pursue the farming industry
or whatever other handicraft they are skilled in, and we
recommend your Honours to assist them in every way
possible, particularly in connection with the Company and
in the matter of Church services : —

Charles Marais from Plessis in France.

Catarina Taboureux, his wife.

Claude Marais 24 years old

Charles Marais IQ „ i /-t u r ^, ,

Isaac Marais 10 „ >Children of the above.

Marie Marais 6 „

PhiUppe Fouche

Anne Fouche his wife

Anne Fouche 6 years old

Esther Fouche 5 „

Jacques Fouche 3 „

Marguerite Basche, spinster, 23 years old.

Estienne Bruere, bachelor, 23 years old, and is a wagon

builder.

These two were"! , t>- j u t

Jacques Fmard 23 years old. Is a

B carpenter.

Esther Fouche 21 years old. Spinster.

Pierre Sabatie 22 years old. Bachelor, " de Massiere."

Jean Leroux 21 years old. Bachelor.

Gedeon Malherbe 25 years old. Bachelor.

Jean Paste 25 years old. Bachelor.

Pauel Godefroy 22 years old. Bachelor.

Gasper Fouche 21 years old.

Gabriel Le roux 17 years old.

Namen van de fransche gereformeerde vluchtelinge toe
gestaen op het reglement en Eedt als vrije luijde te ver-
trecken naer de Cabo de bonne Esperance met het schip
Oosterlant :

Jacques de Savoije van Aeth

Maria Magdalena le Clerck van tournay syn huijsvrouw

Anthonette Camoij van tournay : de schoonmoeder van

Jacques d'Savoije.
Margo out 17 jaren \

barbere out 15 ren 1- AUe kinderen van Jaecques
Jacques out 9 maendenj de Savoije

JeanNortie \ y t 1 "d 1
JacobNortieJ ^ ^ j^Domistique van

Daniel Nortie boere timmerm. C Jacques d'Savoije.
Maria Vijtou zyn huijsvrouw J

married here
before leaving
for the Cape.

AUe kinderen van Isaach talifer
en Susanna briet

Principal Documents. 139

Jan Prieur du plessy van portieers is een chirurgijn van
syn stijl heeft op St. Christoffel gewoont.

Magdaleena Menanto van portieers zijnne huijsvrouw

Isaach talifer de Chateau tirrij en brie is een wijngar-
dinier : en hoedemaecker
Susanna briet d' Chateau : tirrij zij huijsvrouw

Elyasbet out 14 jaren

Jean out 12 jaren

Isaach out 7 jaren

Pierre out 5 jaren

Susanna out 2i jaren

Maria out i jaer

Sara Avice d'Chateau dun : jongedochter

Jan Cloudon van Conde is een schoenmaecker van syn
styl

Jan de buijse van Calais lantbouwer

Jan parisel van paris lantbouwer

En hebbe alle dese voorenstaende mans persoonen gedaen
den Eedt in hande van de heer galernis tresel als schepe
binnen deser stadt Middelb. op de 8 Januar : Ao 1688.

Names of the French Protestant Refugees permitted to
depart for the Cape of Good Hope as " freemen " in the
ship Oosterlant according to the regulation and oath.

Jacques de Savoije of Aeth.
Maria Magdalena le Clerck of Tournay, his wife
Margo 17 years old ^ ^jj ^^^^^^^ ^^

barbere 15 years old jaecques de Savoije

Jacques 9 months old )
Jean Nortie ^ r- .
Jacob Nortie/^°^"*^y™^"
Daniel Nortie Farm carpenter
Maria Vijtou, his wife
Jan Prieur du plessy of Portieers is a surgeon by pro

fession ; lived at St. Christopher.
Magdaleena Menanto of Portieers, his wife.
Isaac talifer of Chateau tirrij en brie is a vinegrower

and hatter.
Susanna briet of Chateau tirrij, his wife.

Elysabet 14 years old

The servants of
Jacques d'Savoije.

Jean 12 years old
Isaach 7 years old
Pierre 5 years old
Susanna 2-| years old
Maria i year old
Sara Avice of Chateau dun : spinster.

All children of Isaach talifer
and Susanna briet.

140 The French Refugees at the Cape.

Jan Cloudon of Conde is a shoemaker b}^ trade.
Jan de buijse of Calais. A farmer.
Jan parisel of Paris. A farmer.

All the above men have taken the oath before Mr. Galemis
Tresel, magistrate in this town of Middelburg on the 8th Jan.
Anno 1688

Extract uit brief 23 December 1687 van de Kamer
Rotterdam.

. . . de volgende mans en vrouw persoonen voorgekomen
cm pr t schip China over te varen, en hun aldaer tot den
landtbouw en oeffinge in den wijngaert ter neder te setten,
en waer toe UE de selve de behulpsame handt gelieven te
bieden met soodanige onderhoudt en anders te doen als de
selve nodig mochten hebben, tot dat zij hun selfs konnen
generen, en waer toe UE : haer ten eersten aenwijsinge gelieven
te doen, om aent werck te geraeken, alles volgens de ordre
en reglement UE : desen aangaande toegesonden by de heeren
17, hier onder zijn luijden die hun op den wijngaert culture
verstaen, en die den Comp* en haer zelven inder tijdt voor-
deel souden kunnen doen, wij siin van gevoelen na die dese
menschen haer klynelyck weten te behelpen dat se haer aen
de Caep oock wel sullen kunnen schicken tot haer, werck
alshaer nu onder een sachter handt gerust vindende en van
hare geledene vervolginge bewrijdt zien t gunt de tydt sal
leeren, de namen van de voorn : gereformeerde vlugtelinge
en die van yders familie zyn als volgt

I Jean Mesnart oudt 28 jaren en de

I Louise Corbonne out 30 jaren zijn vrouw

I Marie Anthonarde haer schoonmoeder out 64

jaren - i^ -

6 kinderen van de voorenstaende persoonen Jean

Mesnard en zyn vrouw, met namen

Jeanne jongedochter van 10 jaren

George jongen . . 9

Jaques jongen . . 8

Jean jongen . . . . 7

Philippe jongen . . 6
— Andre jongkint van 5 maenden
t zamen 9 personen in dese familie

I Anthoine Madan out 38 jaren en Elisabeth

I Verdette zijn vrouw out 23 jaren

I dochterken genaamt out 10 maenden

Sa 3 in dese familie

Principal Documents. 141

I Jeanne Marthe wed : van Jourdan out 60 jaren

I Jean Jordan haer zoon out 28 jaren

I Pierre Jourdan idem 24 do.

I Marie Jourdan wed. out 40 jaren

I Jeanne Rousse haer dochter out 15 jaren

I Marie Rousse haer dochter out 10 jaren

I Margarete Rousse haer dochter 7 jaren

Sa 7 personen in dese famihe

I Pierre Malan out 23 jaren met zijn vrouw
I Isabeau Richarde out 20 jaren

Sa 2 personen in dese familie

I pierre goiraud out 30 jaren met

I francoise Rousse sijn vrouw 28 jaren

Sa 2 personen

I Jaques Verdeau jongman out 20 jaren

1 Arcule Verdeau zijn breeder 16 jaren

2 personen

I pierre Grange jongman out 23 jaren

1 Louise Corbon jongman zijn cousin 20 jaren

2 personen

I Susanne Resue jongedochter out 20 jaren

I pierre Jourdaan jongman out 24 jaren
I Paul Jourdan jongman 22 do.

I Andre pelanchon 15 Go-

alie cousins germain

3 personen

I Mathieu frachasse jongman out 26 jaren

I Jean Furet jongman out 18 jaren

I Anthoine Scaet jongman out 19 jaren

't zamen uijtmakende vier en dertig
personen jongh en out.

142 The French Refugees at the Cape.

Letters Received : Extract from a letter dated 23RD
Dec. 1687 FROM the Chamber of Amsterdam.

The following men and women presented themselves to
take passage on the ship China, in order to settle (at the Cape)
and cultivate land and plant vineyards. Your Honours are
requested to render them all the assistance in your power
with such subsistence or any other necessity which they may
require, until such time as they are able to earn a livelihood,
and your Honours are further requested to advise them at
first how to get to work, according to the orders and regula-
tions sent to you by the Seventeen. Among these there are
men who understand vine-growing, who will be of value to
the Company and themselves in the future. We are of
opinion, since these people are able to help themselves
in a small way, that at the Cape they will be able to adapt
themselves to the work, as finding themselves settled under
a lenient Government, and feeling free from past persecution.
This time alone can effect.

The following are the names of the Protestant Refugees
referred to, with those of each ones family :

I Jean Mesnart 28 years old, and

I Louise Corbonne, his wife, 30 years old.

I Marie Anthonarde, her mother-in-law.

6 children belonging to the above persons, Jean

Mesnard and his wife, named

Jeanne, girl, 10 years old.

George, boy, 9

Jacques, „ 8 ,,

Jean, „ 7

Philippe, ,, 6 ,,
— Andre. Infant of 5 months.

Altogether 9 persons in this family.

I Anthoine Madan 38 years old, and Elisabeth
I Verdette, his wife, 23 years old.
I girl, named , 10 months old.

Altogether 3 in this family.

I Jeanne Marthe, widow of Jourdan 60 years

of age.
I Jean Jordan, her son, 28 years old.
I Pierre Jourdan, idem 24 years old.
I Marie Jourdan, widow 40 years old.
I Jeanne Rousse, her daughter, 15 years old.
I Marie Rousse ,, 10

I Margarete Rousse, ,, 7

Altogether 7 persons in this family.

Principal Documents. 143

I Pierre Malan 23 years old, and his wife
I Isabeau Richarde 20 years old.

Altogether 2 persons in this family.

I pierre goiraud 30 years old, with

I francoise Rousse his wife 28 years old

Altogether 2 persons in this family.

I Jaques Verdeau, bachelor, 23 years old.
I Arcule Verdeau, his brother, 16 years old.

Altogether 2 persons in this family.

I pierre Grange, bachelor, 23 years old.
I Louise Corbon, bachelor, his cousin, 20 years
— old.

Altogether 2 persons.

I Susanne Resue spinster 20 years old.

I pierre Jourdaan, bachelor, 24 years old.
I Paul Jourdan, „ 22 „

I Andre pelanchon, „ 15 „

All cousins german
Altogether 3 persons.

I Mathieu frachasse, bachelor, 26 years old.

I Jean Furet, bachelor, 18 years old.

I Anthonie Scaet, bachelor, 19 years old.

Making altogether 34 persons young and old.

Extract uit Brief 21 Juli 1688 van de Kamer
Amsterdam.

Wij 't Wapen van Alcmaer in plaetse van Schielant souden
acnleggen, en daermede wel apparent tot U.E. oversenden
tusschen de twee a drie honderd verdrevene Waldensen uyt
de valeyen van Sayoyen en Piemont, daer nae syn die luyden,
tegens de zee en verre reyse aensiende, van gedaghten verran-
dert, en hebben haer in Duytslant ter nedergeslagen, hier
tegens hebben wy op dit schip gestelt omtrent veertigh
zielen Fransche Vlughtelingen in den lant bouw opgevoet,
die de hant aenstonts aen de Ploegs en wyngaert kunnen
slaen, en waer toe U.E. haer lant, Saet kooren, en wat meeris,
conform de ordre sullen hebben aen te wysen. . . .

144 The French Refugees at the Cape.

Letters Received : Extract from a letter dated 2ist
July 1688 from the Chamber Amsterdam.
, . . We are equipping the Wapen van Alkmaar in place
of the Schielant, and instead of sending you, as promised,
200 or 300 exiled Waldenses, from the valleys of Savoy and
Piedmont, who, at the thought of the sea and the long voyage,
changed their minds and settled in Germany, we are sending
forty French Refugees on this ship, who have a good know-
ledge of farming, are able to plough or plant a vineyard,
and are to be supplied by your Honours with land, seed
corn, and whatever else they require, in accordance with
the instructions sent you. . . .

Inkomende Brieven 1688-1689. Bylage aan brief 30
December 1689 ^^^ Batavia.

Eerste Wissel Brieff

De Heer Commandeur Sijmon van der Stel mitsgaders
den Raad aan de Caap de Goede Hoop ; laten desen onsen
eersten wissel, (de twede onbetaalt zijnde) ten behoeve der
france vlugtelingen voldoen ; aan den predicant Pierre
Simont ; en de voornaamste uijt deselve in qualite van
besorgers, de somma van ses duj^ent rijxd' a 48 sware
stuyvers ider ; sijnde soo veel de broeders diaconen desen
stede ; alhier in s Comp' Cassa hebben geteld, in gelijcke
munt ; en waar voor 't Comptoir Generaal behoorlijck is
gecrediteert ; ten eijnde door deselve predicant en besorgers
in presentie van twee gecommitteerdens uijt de politie ge-
distribueert te werden; onder vorengen**" france vlugte-
lingen, resideerende aan de Caap boven gemelt.

Batavia In 't Casteel adij 23en Xbr 1689.

Joan Camphuys.
Zegge rijx'*^ 6000
Bs. lanoij;:

Letters Received 1688-1689. Annexure to Letter
DATED 30TH December 1689 from Batavia.

First Bill of Exchange.

To the Commander Simon van der Stel and Council at
the Cape of Good Hope ; pay upon demand this our first
bill of exchange (the second being unpaid) in favour of the
French Refugees ; to the minister Pierre Simont ; and the
more important of the Refugees in the office of controllers,
the sum of six thousand rixdollars at 48 stuivers (heavy)
each ; being the amount paid into the Company's exchequer

Principal Documents. 145

here by the brother deacons of this town in the same coin ;
with which the Receiver-General has been duly credited ;
in order that the money may be distributed among the
French Refugees mentioned above residing at the Cape as
stated, by the minister and controllers in the presence of
two Commissioners from the Council of Policy.

In the Castle, Batavia, on 23rd Dec. 1689.

Joan Camphuijs.
Say Rix"!* 6000
Bs lanoij :

Resolutien 1686-1699. C.5.

Maandag den 8 Novemb': 1688. In
iegenwoordigheid van alle de Leden
behalven den E. Capitain Dominique De
Chavonnes en S"" Ludoviq van der Stel.^

Omme den Eerwaarde D. Petrus Simond Bedienaar des
Goddelijken woords in de franse taal sijn ampt gevoeglijxt
en op 't spoedigste des doenlijk waar te doen neemen ; so is
eenpaariger stemme verstaan, hem seker stuq lands tusschen
Draikestein en Stellenbosch gelegen, en voor so veel hi] sal
konnen beheeren in eijgendom te vergunnen; en gemerkt
d' E, Comp : de handen thans vol eigen werkx heeft, en dat
't haar ongelegen komt op haar kosten an Drakestein of
Stellenbosch t' sijnen verdoen een bekwaame woning op te
regten, en dat hij in onvermogen is om sig selvs van huijs-
vesting te konnen versien, en egter het hoognodig is, hij so
haast 't immers mogehjk zij onder 't dak geholpen werde;
oversulx sal hem de behulpsame hand 's Comp^: wegen
geboden, en ter leen gegeeven werden een wagen met ses
trek ossen en sijn toebehooren, mitsg^: een rij-paard nevens
tvre timmerluijden, om in de naast gelegene bosschen 't
vereijschte timmerhout te kappen, en uijt 't selve een propre
woning op te regten, waar toe hem de weinige nodige
materialen, mitsg^ enige verdere klenigheden uijt 's Comp»
pakhuijs sullen gegeeven werden.

En angesien de franse so wel an Stellenbosch als Drakestein
geseten zijn, en om alle misnoegen te beneemen 't welk uijt
't gemak om ter preke te gaan mogte rijsen, so sal sijn opge-
melde eerwaarde wisselinx d' eene sondag an Stellenbosch
en d' andere an Drakestein praediken, guns in de kerk, hier
in 't best gelege en bekwaamste vriimans huijs, ten tijde toe
dat God middelen en gelegenheid tot 't bouwen van sijn huijs
sal verleenen.

' Printed in Spoelstra, 2-599.

146 The French Refugees at the Cape.

En gehoord hebbende de goede getuijgenissen, ook genomen
proevender bekwaamheid van den Vrijman Paul Roux, word
deselve in 's Comp^ dienst als voorleeser en schoolmeester in
de franse taal tot / 15 p"^ m** en drie realen kostgeld aange-
nomen.

Verders is verstaan dat de meergemelde Eerwaarde D.
Petrus Simond sessie in Kerken-raade an Stellenbosch sal
hebben, gelijk mede hier in 't Consistorie an de Caab, ten
tyde als sig hier ter plaatse bevinden sal.

d' Eerw. D. Job*: van Andel ten vierendeel Jaars een
keer na Stellenbosch doende ten einde om aldaar den Gods-
dienst en de H : H : Sacramenten t' administreren, sal ten
huijse van den Landdrost in een kamer gelogeerd werden,
en sal deselve kamer ook ten alien tyde ten dienste van sijn
ampt genot den Eerw D. Simond wesen ; die gehouden sal
zijn hier ter plaatse den Godsdienst waar te neemen terwijl
dat den Eerw: D. van Andel dien an Stellenbosch betragt,
suUende hem t'elkens geduurende sijn verblijv an de Caab
ten huijse van de Praedicant een kamer en keuke ingeniijmd
werden.

Nog is goed gevonden dat 't register van de collecte ten
profijte der armen onlangs gedaan den Eerw : D. Simond
voorn. : en Diakonen sal ter hand gesteld worden, om d'
almosen van diegene die geteikend hebben in te samelen, en
daar van ter behoorlijke plaatse rekenschap te geven, suUende
hem en de Diakonie an Stellenbosch d' opsigt over 't vee
uijt de voors. Collecte procederende anvertrouwt worden
om uijt desselvs anteel de jegenwoordige en nog verwagte
armen die des benodigd en begeerig mogten zijn t' adsisteren.

Aldus gearresteerd en besloten in 't Casteel de Goede Hoop
ten dage en jaare als boven.

S. v. D. Stel
A. DE Man

DiRCK VAN CUYCK

Jacob Rootsteen

CORNELIS PTER LiNNES

J. G. Blum

Me praesente

J. G. DE Grevenbroek

Secrts.

Principal IJociiiitents. 147

Resolutions.

Monday, November 8th, 1688. In the
presence of all the members, excepting
the Hon. Captain Dominique De
Chavonnes and Monsieur Ludoviq
van der Stel.
In order to assist the Rev, Dr. Petrus Simond, minister
of the word of God in the French language, as soon and as
speedily as possible, it has been resolved unanimously that
he be given a strip of land between Drakenstein and Stellen-
bosch, and as much land in freehold as he is able to manage ;
and bearing in mind all the following facts, namely, that
the Company has its hands full attending to its own affairs
at present; and that it is inopportune for them to build
at their expense a suitable house for his use either at
Stellenbosch or Drakenstein ; and further, that as it is re-
cognised that he is not able to provide himself with a house,
though it is very necessary that he should be given one of
some sort as soon as possible, the Company will therefore assist
him to achieve this by giving him the loan of a wagon and
six oxen with the necessary equipment, a riding-horse and
two carpenters to chop down the wood required for the house
from a neighbouring forest, as well as any further small
articles required, which, togetlier with the few additional
materials necessary, may be obtained from the Company's
store.

And taking into account the fact that the French are
settled at Stellenbosch as well as Drakenstein, in order to
remove all cause for dissatisfaction likely to arise should
those in one settlement be able to attend divine service more
easily than those in the other, the Reverend Simond shall
preach alternately, one Sunday at Stellenbosch, the next at
Drakenstein, in the latter in the Church, in the former in
the most convenient and suitable house belonging to a
burgher, until such time as God gives opportunity and means
for the building of His house.

And having heard the good testimony given and the proofs
made of his ability, it is resolved that the Freeman Paul
Roux be taken into the service of the Company as parish
clerk and schoolmaster in the French language at the rate
of / 15 per month and 3 reals for his food.

That it be further understood that the Reverend Petrus
Simond shall have Session in the Church Council at Stellen-
bosch, in the same way as in the Consistory held at the Cape,
and conducted at the same time.

That the Rev. Johs. van Andel, who goes to Stellenbosch
once a quarter in order to conduct divine service and ad-

148 The French Refugees at the Cape.

minister the holy sacraments, be given a room at the Land-
drost's house, and that this room be always at the disposal
of his fellow-minister, the Rev. Simond, who shall hold the
service here whenever the Rev. v. Andel is conducting it at
Stellenbosch, and during his stay at the Cape a room and
kitchen shall be placed at his service in the minister's house.

It is resolved that the register of the collections made for
the poor a short while ago, shall be handed over to the Rev.
Simond and the deacons, that the alms be collected from
those who signed their names and an account be given of the
monies received to the proper quarter ; that the care of the
cattle bought with the proceeds of the above collections be
entrusted to Rev. Simond and the deacons of Stellenbosch
in order that such of the present and future poor as are
desirous or in need of assistance may obtain it from the
increase derived from the cattle.

Thus resolved and passed in the Castle the Good Hope on
the day and in the year above.

S. V. D. Stel
A. DE Man

DiRCK VAN CUIJCK

Jacob Rootsteen

CORNELIS PtER LiNNES

J. G. Blum

In my presence

J. G. Grevenbroek

Secretary,

Extract uit brief 20 Maart 1723 aan de Kamer

Amsterdam.

Den predicant en kerkenraad van drakenstijn ons versoek
gedaen hebbende dat vermits het overleijden van den f ranee
voorleeser, die plaatse met een ander subject mogt werde
vervult, geconsideert sig 25 a 26 oude menschen onder haar
district bevonden die de neederduytsche tale niet wel ver-
staande, bij mancquement van sulx van de oeffeninge der
openbaere france gods dienst verstooken sonde syn ; so hebben
wij considereerende het geringh getal en daar en boven dat
de ordres en Intentie van uwel. Edele hoog agtb° is, dat de
godsdienst daar ter plaatse in de neederduijtsche tale ge-
oeffent werd, omme dus de Ingesetenen daar aan te gewennen,
best gedagt daarinne niet te treeden, maar sulx ter dispositie
te laten van uwel. Edele hoog agtb", weshalven wij onder-
danig versoeken deesen aangaande met u wel Edele hoog
agtb"". g'eerde beveelen te mogen werden voorsien.

Principal Documents. 149

Letters Despatched : Extract from a letter dated
20TH March 1723 to the Chamber of Amsterdam.

. . , The Minister and Church Council of Drakenstein
have sent us a request to the effect that, on account of the
death of the French Parisli Clerk, another person should be
chosen to fill the post, as there are some 25 or 26 old people
in their district who do not understand Dutch very well,
and on that account would be deprived of the public divine
services in French. Taking into consideration the small
number, and above all the orders and intentions of your
Excellencies to have the religious services there conducted
in the Dutch language, so as to teach it to the settlers, we
decided not to agree to this request, but to place the matter
before your Excellencies, with regard to which we humbly
desire to be informed of your honoured commands.

Resolutien 1686-1699. C5.

Maandag 28 Novemb'" 1689^ ten sel-
vigentijde als de nevenstaande Resolu-
tie In iegenwoordigheid van alle de
Leden behalven S"" Corn" Linnes

d' Ed'^ Heer Commandeur heeft ter vergadering bekend
gemaakt het bekommerlijk nadenken en de veelvoudige
moeijelijkheden hem door enige franse gewaande vlugtelingen
hier gegeeven, dewelke onder schijn van den geloovs-dwang
hares Konings t' ontgaan, haar na dat 't sig liet ansien, uijt
Vrankrijk elders been en voornamelijk na Holland hadden
begeeven, ten einde om onder den denkmantel als ijveraars,
ledemaaten en voorstanders van 't Protestantsche geloov een
Leuij en vaddig leven te leiden ; en d' E. Comp : onse Heeren
en Meesters an enige van dien passagie met haar Schepen
herward vergund hebbende om deselve hier bij den Landbouw
en 't gunt verders van hun industrie sonde mogen weesen
te Laaten erneeren, maar dat sij weinig of geen wijs daar op
stelden, en dat sij, den goeden niet te na gesproken an de
verwagting die d' E. Comp : van haar hadde niet voldeden.
Dat sij nauwelyx thien a twaalf hier stark, en wel onthaald
en nevens ja beter dan onse eige natie gehandeld en van alle
behoevtigheden om-se ter seet te helpen rijkelijk vcrsorgd
zijnde, sij haar hier en daar en selvs by hem Commandeu
hadden Laaten verluijden, dat-se bij d' ankomst van haar
verwagte Praedicant en meerder getal barer Landsluijden
wel gesind souden zijn hun eigen Magistrat, Opperhoofd en

' Printed in Spoelstra, 2-600.

150 The French Refugees at the Cape.

Prince van den Landde te kiesen en hun also de gehoorsam-
heid die-se an d' E. Comp: schuldig waren t' onthrekken.
Dat sij ten dien einde schenen van hem Command'' versogt
te hebben om bij malkanderen en niet an Stellenbosch nog
Drakestein en vermengd met Duijtsche Natien te mogen
woonen. Dat-se eindelijk omtrent 150,, koppen so mannen
als vrouwen jong en oud stark geworden zijnde, onderstonden
selvs tegens 't gevoelen van haar Praedicant den Eerw : D.
Simond een bijsonderen kerkenraad voor haar te versoeken,
hun niet vergenoegende met dien dewelke voor Langs an
Stellenbosch is opgeregt, hebbende sij ten dien einde uijt 't
midden van haar en onder 't geleide van den voors : Eerw : D.
Simond herward, en an hem Commandeur en den Achtb :
Raad gedeputeerd vier personen te weeten Jacob de Savoije,
Daniel de Ruelle, Abraham de Villiers, en Louijs Courtier
met versoek om een aparten Kerkenraad voor haar te mogen
hebben.

Waarop na rijpe raadspleging eenpariger stemme is ver-
staan en ten meesten dienste van d' E. Comp : besloten om
der frangoisen impertinentien inteteugelen, en alle com-
ploterie in tijds voor te komen, haar door een welgeraison-
neerde bestraffing hun sijdgangen ter Vergadering voor oogen
te houden, en haar seer ernstelijk te vermaanen hun pligt na
te komen ; waarop sij binnen staande en d' Eerw : D. Simond
uijt haar naam en t' haren versoeke syn propositie ten fine
voors: om een aparte en bijsondere Kerkenraad uijt 't midden
van de haare te mogen stellen gedaan, en 't gedrukte formulier
van den Eed bij alle Caabse Vrijluijden gepraesteerd bij syn
Eerw: opgemeld geleesen zijnde, zijn-se gedimitteerd, onder
gants serieuse waarschouwing hun stiptelijk na 't formulier
voors : te dragen en hun te wagten in 't toekomende den
Commandeur en Raad met diergelijke impertinente versoeken
meer lastig te vallen, en haar met den kerkenraad an Stellen-
bosch geetablisseerd te vergenoegen.

Aldus gearresteerd en besloten in 't Casteel de Goede Hoop
ten dage en Jaare als boven.

S. V. D. Stel
And* de Man
W. Padt
L. V. D. Stel

Me praesente

J. G. DE Grevenbroek

Secr'\

Principal Documents. iSl

Resolutions 1686-1699. C5.

Monday 28th November 1689. At the
same time as the Resolution below.
In presence of all the members except
Monsieur Corn'* Linnes.

The Hon. Commander made known to the Assembly the
anxious deliberations and many difficulties which he has been
occasioned by certain supposed French Refugees here, who,
under the appearance of having left their King on account
of religious oppression, escaped from France to other countries
and especially to Holland in order that, under the guise of
zealous and staunch adherents of the Protestant religion they
might lead lazy and indolent lives; and the Hon. Company,
our Lords and Masters, having allowed some of them a passage
here in their ships in order that they might earn their living
by agriculture or any other industry, they have shown little
or no prudence therein, and, without reference to the
better ones, have not come up to the expectations of the
Company. That they were barely ten or twelve strong, and
well entertained, even better treated than our own
people, and were fully provided with every necessary to
assist them in settling down, when they made known to the
Commander and to various other persons that upon the
arrival of their minister and a larger number of their fellow-
countrymen they were of a mind to have their own Magistrate,
Commander and Prince to be chosen from the people, to
whom they proposed transferring the obedience at present
paid to the Hon. Company. And that to accomplish this
aim, they appealed to the Commander to allow them to
settle all together, and not among the Dutch people at
Stellenbosch and Drakenstein. That at length when they
were 150 strong, men and women of all ages, they made a
bold attempt to obtain a separate Church Council, against
the wish of their minister. Rev. Simond, as they were not
satisfied with the one established at Stellenbosch ; in order
to accomplish this they sent four delegates, namely, Jacob
de Savoije, Daniel de Ruelle, Abraham de Villiers, and Louijs
Courtier, under leadership of the Rev. Simond, as a deputa-
tion to the Commander and the Council with the request
that they might be granted a separate Church Council.

Whereupon, after mature deliberation, it was agreed
unanimously, as of the greatest service to the Company to
check the impertinences of the French, to render all plots
ineffectual in good time, to make public their subterfuges
to the Assembly by a reasonable punishment, and to admonish
them to do their duty to the Company. Whereupon when

152 The French Refugees at the Cape.

they had entered (the Council Chamber), in their name and
on their behalf, Revd. Simond read their proposal, in fine,
that they should have a separate Church Council appointed
by themselves from their midst, and when the printed form
of the oath taken by all Cape Freemen had been read by him,
they were dismissed with a very strong warning to conduct
themselves strictly in accordance with the oath above, and
in the future to abstain from troubling the Commander and
the Council with similar impertinent requests ; while for the
future they were to be content with the Church Council
established at Stellenbosch.

Thus resolved and passed in the Castle the Good Hope on
the day and in the year above.

S. V. D. Stel
And*, de Man
W. Padt
L. V. D. Stel

In my presence

J. G. DE Grevenbroke,
Secret.

Inkomende Brieven : Extract uit een Brief van de
Kamer Amsterdam, gedateerd 17 Decemb. 1690.

Op het versoeck door de fransche Predicant Simon aen
ons gedaen hebben wy geconsenteert gehjck wy doen by
desen dat een Kerckenraed off consistorie uyt de fransche
gemeynte sal mogen werden opgereght, naementlyk een
Soodaenige die sal wesen gecomposeert uijt Ouderlingen en
Diaconen, dewelcke, te vinden wesende, beyde de fransche
en duijtse taele verstaen, Des dat die ouderlingen en Diaconen
jaerlycx aen te stellen off te veranderen telckens aen u E.
Sullen moeten werden gepresenteert, om te werden geappro-
beert soo geen redenen ter Contrarie souden mogen dienen,
oock sullen UE. een off twee persoonen hebben te commit-
teren off aen te stellen, om als politicque Commi-ssarisen in
die consistorie plaets te nemen, en daer in te Compareren
wanneer en soo dickmaels deselve dat sullen goetvinden, en
soo daer saecken van gewighte off questien souden mogen
voorkomen die de Voorsz. Commissaris off Commissarisen
souden verstaen dat daer niet en kunnen nogh behooren
geventileert off gedisputeert, veel min getermineert te worden,
sullen deselve moeten werden gebraght voor den kerckenraet
van het fort off Casteel, in de welcke haer als dan mede
sullen laten vinden eenige Gedepud^ uijt de Voorsz : Kercken-
raed van de fransche gemeijnte en in deselve haer Sessie
nemen, om te saemen te Composeren de grote Kerckenraet.

Principal Documents. 153

by de welcke die saecken en verschillen als dan affgedaen,
en uyt de weegh geleijt sullen worden, en sal deselve tot
dien e3'Tide byeen komen off vergaderen op soodaenige tyden
en dagen als dat convenabelst sal werden geoordeelt, Voort
sal de Voorsz. franse Consistorie off de Ouderlingen en dia-
conen van deselve in den haeren vermogen te disponeren
over de Aelmoessen die aen off ten behoeve van de Armen
souden mogen gegeven worden, en de distributie daer van
aen de behoeftige doen, maer in gevalle eenige Subsidien van
buijten souden mogen inkomen sal het employ en distributie
daer van staen aen de Voorsz. grote Kerckenraet, die oock
sal moeten versorgen dat van alles behoorlyck boeck en
reeck. werd gehouden, om daer uijt jaerlijcx een reeck.
opgestelt en gedaen te worden op de wyse gelijck als dat
tot Batavia gebruijckelyk is. Aaengaende de Scholen, daer
van de Voorii. Predicant Simon mede vermaen doet, sullen
wy UE. traghten te bestellen eenige schoolmeesters beyde
de talen fransch en Duijts spreeckende, om aen Stellenbosch
en Draeckensteijn resp*" geplaest te worden, en de kinderen
of jeught soo wel van fransche als Nederlantsche Ouders te
Leeren en te instrueren, des sullen de voorsz. Schoolmeesters
daer toe hebben te arbeyden om die kinderen van fransche
Ouders gebooren voor alle de Nederduijtsche tale te doen
leeren lesen en verstaen, om door dat middel onse natie te
meer te werden ingelijft. Tot dien eijnde sullen U.E. de
Coloniers aldaer soo fransche als Nederlanders niet ieder
Natie byeen maer onder malkanderen gemelleert doen woonen
off plaetsen beyde aen Stellenbosch en Draeckensteijn, waer
door de voorsz. gemeene School en voor beijde die Neder-
landse en fransche Kinderen oock te bequaemer, en met
minder kosten sullen kunnen gehouden werden. . . .

Letters Received : Extract from letter dated 17TH
Dec. 16901 from the Chamber Amsterdam.
.... In accordance with the request made to us by the
French Minister Simon, we have consented and hereby
do consent to the establishment of a Church Council
or Consistory for the French Community, such a
one, namely, as shall consist of Elders and Deacons,
who, if there are any such to be found, should
be able to understand both the French and Dutch
languages ; that these elders and deacons should be ap-
pointed annually or else frequently changed, and their names
submitted to your Excellencies for approbation should there
be no reason against their holding office. You further have

' Resolution of 6.12.1690 of the XVII. printed in Spoelstra, 2-601.

L

154 The French Refugees at the Cape.

the right to elect or appoint one or two members to act as
PoHtical Commissioners in the Consistory, to appear at the
meeting whenever and as often as is necessar}' ; and should
there be any matters or questions of importance, which the
Commissioner or Commissioners do not consider ought to be
ventilated or discussed and still less decided, these matters
must be brought before the Church Council of the Fort or
the Castle, when they will be represented by several deputies
from the said Church Council of the French congregation,
and have Session there, together forming a Great Church
Council to settle all such questions and differences, and
remove them out of the way. And this Great Church Council
shall assemble together for the purpose stated above on such
occasions and days as shall be considered most convenient.
Further, the French Consistory mentioned, or rather the
elders and deacons thereof, shall have it in their power to
decide upon the recipients of the alms money, given to the
poor or for their use, and shall see to its distribution among
the needy ; but in case any subscriptions should come from
outside, its use and distribution must be placed in the hands
of the Great Church Council, which must also see to the
keeping of a proper ledger and accounts from which may be
made an annual statement similar to that of the Church Coun-
cil at Batavia. Concerning the schools, as we have been
advised to do by the Rev. Simon, we shall endeavour to
supply you with several schoolmasters who can speak both
Dutch and French, to be stationed at Stellenbosch and
Drakenstein respectively, in order to teach and instruct the
children and young people of both Dutch and French parent-
age, and in particular these schoolmasters will have to teach
the children of French descent to read and understand the
Dutch language, in order to unite our nation by this means.
In order to attairr this purpose you are to settle the Colonists
already there (at the Cape), French as well as Dutch, not
each separately in one place, but to make them live among
one another, or place them side by side both at Drakenstein
and Stellenbosch, by which means the public schools for both
Dutch and French children may be supported more efficiently
and yet at the same time more cheaply. . . .

Extract uit brief gedateerd 12 Juni 1690 aan de XVII.
VAN de Kaap.
De franse vlugtehngen onlangs met uwer Ed. Ho : Agtb^
schepen hier angeland, en in alles met wijv en kinderen
honderd en in de vijftig koppen uijtmakende zijn ten deele
onder t Caabse district, andere an Stellenbosch dog meest

Principal Documents. 155

an Drakestein geplaatst, alwaar sij haar soo sij best komen
bij den Landbouw en t gunt van hun Industrie is generen,
zijnde ons oogmerk haar met onsen landaard te vermengen,
op dat d' een van den anderen 't gunt van ieders kennis is
mag leeren — en soo doende den landbouw beter voort setten,
ten welken einde wij ook raadsamst g'oordeeld hebben, haar
godsdienst alternatie d' eene Sondagh an Stellenbosch en d'
andere an Drakestein in de kerk en nevens de duijtsche te
laten plegen.

Letters Despatched : Extract from Letter dated i2TH
June i6go, despatched by the Cape to the Seven-
teen AT Amsterdam.
The French Refugees brought here a short time ago by
your Excellency's ships, and in all, men, women and children
numbering about 150, are settled partly in the Cape, some
at Stellenbosch, but most of them in the Drakenstein district,
where they gain a livelihood as best they can by agricultural
farming, or by means of other industries ; our object being
to let them intermingle with our own country folk, so that
each may learn something from the other, and thereby
improve the farming industry ; and for this reason, too, we
have considered it most advisable to allow them to hold
their rehgious services, alternately in the Church at Draken-
stein one Sunday and in Stellenbosch the next, in addition
to the Dutch services held there.

Extract uit brief 20 September 1701 van de Kamer

Amsterdam.
... en waar mede UE oock staat toe te komen een
predikant in plaatse van den franschen predikant Pierre Simon
die volgens UE. schrijven soude trachten weder herwaarts
te komen, dogh wiens tijt nogh niet sijnde geexpireert, sulcx
bij UE : nogh wel en te recht is uytgestelt. Gevolghlyck
verstaen wij dat hij in allengevalle van daer niet sal hebben
te vertrecken voor en alleen hij door een andere predikant sal
sijn vervangen, die UE : tot dien eijnde door de Camer van
Amsterdam sal werden toegesonden, namentlyck een die
volgens UE voorstel en versoeck beijde de Nederlantsche en
fransche talen verstaat niet om gelijck als wij dat begrypen
in de laeste te prediken, maar alleen om de bejaarde Coloniers
dewelcke onse tale niet kennen door besoeckingen, verman-
ningen en vertroostingen te kunnen dienen, en dat om door
dat middel die taal metter tijt te krijgen gemortificeert en
als van daar gebannen, tot welcken eijnde mede voortaan
de schoolen niet anders nogh verder sullen mogen sijn nogh
strecken als om de jeught onse tale te laeten leeren lesen en
schrijven.

L2

156 The French Refugees at the Cape.

Extract from letter dated 2oth September 1701 from
THE Chamber Amsterdam

. . . and which {Huiste Byweg) will convey to you a
minister in place of the French minister Pierre Simon, who,
according to your letter is endeavouring to return here, but
as his term of service has not yet expired, you were right
in delaying his departure. Therefore, we understand, that
in any case, he will not leave (the Cape) before and unless he
is relieved by another minister who will be sent out for this
purpose by the Chamber Amsterdam, that is, one who in
accordance with your proposal and request understands both
Dutch and French, not as we take it to preach in the latter
language, but only to be of service to the aged colonists who
do not know our language, so that he may visit, admonish
and comfort them, in order that in the course of time the
French language may die out, and be, as it were banished
(from the Cape) ; and with this object in view, the schools
are to give in future no other or further instruction than is
necessary to let the youth learn to read and write our language.

Extract uit brief 24 Juli 1704 van de Kamer

MiDDELBURG.

In het versoeck van die van de fransche gemeijnte aen
Drakesteijn aen ons gedaen, ten eijnde den predicant Becq,
in beijde de Talen van Nederduijts en frans ervaren, in laest
gemelte Tale mede aldaer moght predicken, kunnen wij
cm redenen bij ons schrijvens van 20 September 1701 ge-
allegeert, daer wij alsnogh bij persisteren niet goetvinden te
consenteren, immers niet voor alsnogh, ten ware UE : be-
vonden daer omtrent soodanigh redenen te militeren waerom
't voorsz. versoeck behoorde te werden ingewillight, 't welck
aen UE : wert gedefereert gelaeten, om hierinne te doen en
laeten, soo als UE : ten meeste dienst van de Comp : sullen
oordelen te behooren, ondertusschen wilden wij van UE :
gedaghten daer omtrent, en van de nootsaekelyckheyt van
dit versoeck wel naeder gedient wesen, die wij dan in ant-
woort deses 't sijner tijt sullen te gemoet sien, om alsdan
daerop naeder te disponeren.

Principal Documents. 157

Letters Received : Extract from letter dated 24TH
July 1704. From the Chamber of Middelburg.

... In the request sent to us by the French community
at Drakenstein, we are asked to allow the minister, Becq,
who is conversant with both the Dutch and French languages,
to preach through the medium of the latter. We are unable
as yet, for reasons .alleged by us in our letter of Sept. 20th,
1701, and to which we still adhere, to consent to this at
present, at any rate, not until you send us good reasons for
granting this request ; which request is deferred to your
Honours, to act as you think most advantageous for the
Company, while we await your opinion on this matter and
desire further enlightenment as to the necessity for this
request. In the meantime, we await your reply to this letter
when we shall be more fitted to arrive at a further decision in
the matter.

ExTR.\CT uit brief 28 Maart 1705 aan de Kamer
Middelburg.

Dat Uwel, Ed''' hoog agtb : in het versoek van de fransse
gemeijnte tot Drakensteijn aan haar, door ons gedaan, ten
eijnde die Eerw : predicant Bek, in beijde de taale, als neder-
duijts en frans aldaar mogt prediken, niet had kunnen goed
vinden, om de redenen bij^Uwel Edle hoog Agtb : g' eerde
missive van 20" Septemb 1701 g'allegeerd, en dat daar bij
als nog belief de te blijven persisteeren, egter dat hetselve
aan ons gedefereerd belief de te laaten, soo als wij, ten meesten
dienst van d E Comp : sullen oordeelen, te behooren.

Wat belangt onse gedagten, betreffende de noodsaakelijk-
heijd van dit versoek, en dat Uwel Ed''= hoog. Agtb : van ons
daar van, wel nader geliefde gediend te weesen, kunnen wij
in geen nader antwoord dienen, als het geene bij onse ver-
biedige missive van de 24" Junij 1703 ? met de nascheepen
versonden, omtrent die periode, largo staat aangetoogen, en
waar aan wij, ons als nog eerbiedigst gedragen, eenlijk daar
bij voegende, dat geseijde gemeente iterative vereijse voorsz :
haar versoek na dato bij ons hebben gerenoveerd, en ver-
klaard dat het voorhaar een onmogelijkheijd was, de neder-
duijtse taalen te leeren, ter oorzaake dat meest alle i, 2, 3.
en meer uuren, van den anderen zijn woonende, biddende
al wast maar om de 14 daagen in haar taale, in de Godsdienst
geoffend te mogen werden.

158 The French Refugees at the Cape.

Letters Despatched : Extract from a letter dated
28th Mar. 1705 to the Chamber of Middelburg.

. . . That your Excellency's reply to the request of the
French community at Drakenstein, to the effect that you
were not prepared to accede to this that their minister, the
Rev. Bek should preach there in both languages, for reasons
alleged in yours of the 20th September 1701 and to which
you still adhere, and further that the matter had been placed
by you in our hands, to act as we think most advantageous
to the Hon. Compan}^

With regard to our opinion respecting the necessity for
this request, and what information we can give you, we are
unable to state matters more fully than we have already done
in our respectful letter of 24th June 1703 ? sent off at that
time too late, wherein we reluctantly gave expression to
opinions which we respectfully continue to hold. We desire
to state further that the above community repeatedly
renewed their request to us from that date, and declared
that it was impossible for them to learn the Dutch language,
en account of the fact that they lived, one, two, three or
more hours from each other, and praying that their religious
services might be conducted in their own language at least
once a fortnight.

Uitgaende Brieven 1701-1703 BL. 427-428. Br. 20.3.1702
AAN de Kamer Amsterdam.

. . . Mitsg''-'' ook u wel Ed'<^ Hoog Agtb''^ positive ordres
van den 20° Septembr 1701 vermeld, aan de Eerw° franse
predicant Pierre Simond, aangaande desselfs vertrek na 't
patria, inhoudende dat niet van hier sal hebben te vertrecken,
voor en al eer hij door een ander predikant sal zijn vervangen,
terwijle deselve tot dien eijnde p'' het voorsz : huyste Beijwegh,
door haar Ed'« Groot Agtb''*^ de Heeren Bewindhebberen ter
Camer Amsterd"", staat overgesonden te werden ; sullende
wij verder ook besorgen, dat door het gebruijk van de Neder-
landse taal, in de Kerke en Schoole aldaar, de franse spraak
onder de inwoonderen van die gemeinte in ongewoonte
komen, en vervolgens metter tijd soo doende gemortificeert
werde ; dat ook te bekawmer sal konnen geschieden, door
dien aldaar geen franse schoolen sijn. ...

van den Eerw franse predicant Pierre Simond, mitsgrs. aangaande sijn
vertrek, off verblijff.

Principal Documents. 159

Letters Despatched 1701-1703, page 427-428. Letter
20.3.1702 to Chamber Amsterdam.

. . . Likewise your Excellencies' positive orders of the
20th September 1701, to the French minister Rev. Pierre
Simond, regarding his departure to Patria to be delayed until
the arrival of his successor who will sail in the ship mentioned,
the Htcyste Byweg, to be sent by the Chamber Amsterdam, we
shall further see to it that by the use of Dutch in the church and
school there, the French tongue will fall into disuse amongst
the inhabitants of that community, and afterwards, in course
of time die out ; this will take place more easily because there
are no French schools. . . .

Inkomende Brieven 1725-1726 BL. 30. Extract uit Br.

23 JUNIE 1724 VAN DE KaMER AMSTERDAM.

.... En alhoewel wij niet seer geinclineert zijn voor de
onderhouding van de fransse taal in Indien, en daerom beter
was dat de fransse Coloniers werk maakten van sig aan de
Nederlantse taal te gewennen, soo sullen wij insgelijks voor
deese reijse nogmaals toestaan dat er op Drakensteijn, in
plaats van de overleeden Franssen voorleeser, een ander in
desselfs plaats worde aangesteld, het geen nogtans niet in
Consequentie zal mogen getrokken worden voor het aan-
staande, nademaal het gering aantal van omtrent 26 Menschen
die de Nederlandse taal niet en verstaan naeulijks meriteert
de onkosten van een voorleeser daar op te houden. . . .

Letters Received 1725-1726, p. 30. Extract from Letter
DATED 23RD June 1724 from Ch.^mber Amsterdam.

.... and although we are not much inclined to encourage
the observance of the French language in India, and it would
be better that the French colonists should make every effort
to accustom themselves to the Dutch language, yet this
time it shall be allowed once more that a French parish clerk
be appointed at Drakenstein in place of the late one, but this
is not to be considered a precedent for the future, since the
very small number of those who do not understand Dutch
— twenty-six in all — barely merits the expense of supporting
a French parish clerk there.

160 The French Refugees at the Cape.

UlTGAANDE BrIEVEN 1699-I7OO BL. 497. Br. 2.7.1699 AAN

DE Kamer Middelburg.

. Mitsg*' de daar mede overgekomen franssen Refugiees,
die haar alhier, met de Landbouw soeken te erneren, volgens
de ordre van de E : Comp*' : ten dien eijnde 00k ter seet
helpen ; maar terwijle men bereets, alhier soo veel van dat
slag heeft, en sommige haar soo qualijk komen te gedragen,
en daar en boven ook niet veel kennisse van de Landbouw
hebben, en die oversulks weijnig behartigen, dat reets veel
armoede onder die natie causeert, en welke dan d' E. Comp" :
en diaconie, staan tot laste te komen, te meer terwijl nu
onder dese oude, en bij na afgeleefde menschen zijn, die hier
weijnig of niet sullen kunnen uijtrigten, soo sagen wij liever,
so het van U. Ed*^ groot Agtb : believen was, dat wij in 't
toekomende, met diergelijke vlugtelingen, niet meer mogten
beswaart werden ; maar wel met Zeeuse boeren, van een
arbeijtsamen aard sijnde, en haar op de bouvv^erije wel ver-
staande, ingevalle sommige inclineerden over te komen
omme de culture alhier te helpen voortsetten, die veel be-
quaamer en dese Colonie vrij dienstiger en nutter sou den
zijn. . . .

Letters Despatched 1699-1700, p. 497. Letter dated
2.7.1699 to Chamber Middelburg.

With reference to the French Refugees who came over
here with the intention of earning their living by farming,
we assisted them as far as possible to settle down, in accord-
ance with the instructions of the Hon. Company. But there
are already many of that kind settled here, some of them
ill-behaved, while, more important, they have a limited
knowledge of farming, and exert themselves little about it,
thus causing much poverty among themselves, so that, in
the end, they are likely to become burdensome to the Com-
pany and the poor fund, especially as at present there are
many old people among them who have not many more
years to live, and are not able to earn much, if anything at
all. So that we would rather, if it please your Excellencies,
not be burdened with such refugees for the future ; but would
prefer to have sent out to us farmers from Zeeland, of an
industrious type, who have a thorough knowledge of farming,
and who happen to be inclined to make the voyage here in
order to improve our farming methods. These v;ould be far
more suitable for this country, and would be of much more
service and value to the Colonv-

The Ftcuch Refugees at llie Cape. IQOa

ADDITIONAL NOTES.

During a visit to Europe in 1920-1921 I was able to gather
from the records a few facts regarding some of the Cape
Refugees. This does not in any way affect the statements
made in the text, but adds some genealogical data.

(i) From a list of provisions, materials and building
implements supplied to the French Refugees from the
Company's stores, and which is to be seen in the Archives at
The Hague, we are able to ascertain in what year the names
of certain persons appear as having been at the Cape. I have
only recorded below those of whom no certain information
was available when first compiling my book. The names of
the following appear as being here in 1688 : —

Matthieu Arniel ; Louis Barre ; Pierre Benezet ; Louis
Fourie ; Anton ie Gros ; Daniel Hugod ; Pierre Jacob ;
Nicolas Labat ; Nicolas Lanoy ; Pierre Lombard ; Jacques
Malan ; ]\Iichel Martineau ; Francois Retif ; Pierre Rochefort;
Pierre Rousseau ; Jean Roux ; Pierre Roux ; Daniel de
Ruelle ; Daniel Terrier ; the three brothers Abraham, Jacob
and Pierre Vivier.

The names of the follov/ing appear as being here in 1689 : —

Pierre Batte ; Jean Durand ; Jean Joubert ; Zacharie
Mantior.

(2) When at Geneva in 1920 I was fortunate in finding in
the State Archives the entry of the marriage of Andre Gauch
(now Gous or Gouws) at the church at Celigny.

Le samedy 13 Janvier 1683 ont espouse Andre fils de feu
Pierre Gauch du Pont de Monvers aux Sevenes et Jaqueline
f ille de feu Louis Deere de Sauverni.

(3) I am indebted to my friend Dr. J. de Huller, of the
State Archives, The Hague, for the information that Retif
came from Mer, near Blois, in Orleans.

(4) The following data regarding the Naude family I was
able to gather from a book by Dr. Beringuier^ in the Walloon
Library, Leiden. On page 95 of this book I have raised the
question of the relationship between Jacob Naude and the
-well known Philippe Naude (1654-1729). According to
Jacob's own statement in the Cape Archives and the
genealogical tree by Dr. Beringuier he was the son of Phillippe
Naude, although Dr. Beringuier does not include him on the

' Die Stammbaume der Mitglieder der Franzosischen Colonic in
Berlin. Herausgegeben von Dr. R. Beringuier, Berlin 1887,

160& The French Refugees at the Cape.

list. Philippe Jacob Naude, born 1736, and also referred to
on page 95, was the grandson of the noted Philippe Naude
and a nephew of Jacob.

Philippe Naude, born 1654, died 1729, having by his wife
Anne Isnard, died 1738, aged 75 years, the following children :

1 Philippe, died 1745, aged 60.

2 Jeanne, 1692-1759.

3 Roger David, 1694-1766, Minister and Professor at the

French College ; married Marie Elizabeth Borel,
who died 1741, aged 46,

They had —
Anne Marie.
Pierre David.
Jacob.

Frederic Auguste.

Philippe Jacob, born 1736, came to South
Africa.

4 Judith, 1705-1780, married to Rev. Frederic Auguste

Ancillon, of Basel.

5 Jacob, who came to South Africa in 1710.

(5) From various records in The Hague Archives the
following particulars were obtained : —

Daniel Couvat, or Bouvat, came from Dauphine in 1688

as a soldier in 't Wapen van Alkmaar.
Jean Gardiol came from Provence.
Louis Fourie came from Dauphine.

(6) The " Societe de I'Histoire du Protestantisme Fran^ais,"
Paris, has published interesting material relating to :

The family of Louis Francois Migault in " Journal de Jean
Migault, Maitre d'ecole " (1681-1688), by N. Weiss
and H. Clouzot.

In its " Bulletin," 1921, will be found the experiences ot
Guillaume Chenut as related by himself (see p. 53
of this volume). '

INDEX.

Note. — Names commencing with des, du, la, le, arranged under these
prefixes. The names appearing in the hst of baptisms on pages
loi to no and Church members at Drakenstein on pages iii to
ii6 are not included in this index.

Aeth, those who came from, loo.

Afrikaans, French words in, 42.

Agriculture, undertaken by Company, 15 ; pursuits of the people

in, 19 ; how land held, 20 ; agriculturists amongst Refugees, 45,

50.
d'Ailly, 93.
VAN Aken, Revd., 33.
Albert, 63.
Aling, Revd., 34.
America, Refugees become absorbed into older population, 42 ;

Refugees flee to, 44, 46.
Ancillon, 95.
Anjou, 98.
Anreith, 32.
Anthonarde, 59.
Arniel, 59, 68, 117.
Arnout, 82.

Aulis (Aulas), those who came from, 98.
Aunis, 98.
AvxcE, or Avis, 59.

Bachk, 59.

Baptisms in Drakenstein, Church, loi.

Barbesorre, 52.

Barill!;, 60.

Barrk, 46, 57, 60, 73, 117.

Barry, 46.

Baschi?;, 59.

Basse, 59.

Bat.avia, pecuniary help from, 13 ; Governor-General's suggestions

re colonization of, 15 ; Statutes of, 22.
Battk, 57, 60.
DE Beavois, 71.
Beck, Revd. H., 33, 37, 87.
Beeweeje (see Vivier).
Beluse, 60.

Beneset, or Benezet, 29, 57, 60, 117.
Benoist, 49.

DE Berault, or de Bereau, 8, 29, 60, 87.
Berg China, 8.

Berg River, farms along, 12.
Bergh, 61.
Bernard, 84.

Bevernage, or Bevernagie, 61, 78.
BissEUX, II, 60, 61, 122.
Bleusel, 42.
Bleuset, 9, 60, 77.
Blignault, 93.

162 Index.

Blois, those who came from, 99.
Bluse (see Bleuset).
Boat (see Couvat).

BODAAN, 87.

Borssenbui'g, 7.

BOLWERK, 34.
BOOYSEN, 78.
BORREL, 05.

BOSMAN, 25, 27, 39.

Boston, Relugees in, 46.

BOURBOUNAIS, 61.
BOURLA, 62.

BouvAT (see Couvat).

Brandy, those sent out who could make. 2.

Brandenburg invites Refugees, 44.

Brasier, 61.

Bretagne, 98.

Briet, 51, 88 (see Taillefert).

Brisac, 52.

Broquet, 52.

Brousson (see Rousselet).

Brukre, 62, 117, 123.

Brureau, 61.

Bruwel, or Bruwer (see Brur-re).

BUISSET, 48, 62.

Buisson, 46.

Burgher Councillors, sit as judges, 17 ; constitution and duties, ig.

Burgher Militia, 20.

Burghers, distinction between and Company's servants, 16 ; repre-
sentation on local boards, 17 ; military and other duties, 18, 20 ;
means of sustenance, 19.

Burgher Watch patrol the streets, 18.

DE Bus, 63.

DE Buys, or Buys (.see du Buis).

Cabrikre, those who came from, 99.

Calais, those who came from, 99.

Campenaar, 92.

Cape, idea of sending out emigrants, 2 ; refreshment station, 15 ;
first colonists, 15 : becomes an agricultural colony, 16 ; ad-
ministration of D.E.T. Company at, 17 ; town in Table Valley,
18 ; extent of French settlement in 1700, 24 ; Refugees living in
1690 in district of, 35 : farms and land issued in district of, 122.

Cape Town, known as de Kaap, 17 • description of, 18 ; administra-
tion at, 18 ; Burgher Councillors of, 19.

Carnoy, 62, 63, 85.

Cassier, 71.

Cattle, trade allowed, 19 ; charge of illicit barter, 58.

Caucheteux (see Costeux).

Cellier, Celliers or Cillie, 50, 62, 123.

Champagne, those who came from, 98.

Chateau Thierry, those who came from, 98.

DE Chavonnes, Governor, 34, 97.

DE Chavonnes, Captain D., 97.

Chenut, 53.

Chevalier, 82.

Church, first arrangements, 27 ; building described, 29 ; new one
built, seating accommodation! 31 ; communion service, sexton,
new organ, 32 ; services, time of, 37.

Index. 163

CiLLiE (see Cellier).

DE Clercq, 63, 123.

Clergy to strictly observe regulations, 26.

Clermont, those who came from, 98.

Clinquerneur, 63.

Cloudon, 50, 63, 78, 117.

Cloy, 94.

COCHET, 63.

CocHius, 31.

Colonization, no scheme of D.E.I.C., i ; early suggestions for, 15 :

first colonists at Cape, 15.
Colony, extent of in 1688, 24.
Communion, service at Drakenstein first used, 32.
Company fsee Dutch East India Company).
CoNDE, those who came irom, 98.
Corbonne, 59, 63, 78.

CoRDiER, or Cortje, 28, 29, 38, 46, 63, 68, 72, 117, 123.
Cork, Refugees find safety in, 45.
CoRTRYK (see Courtrai).
COSTEUX, 63, 64, 82.
CoucHET, 91 (also see Cochet).

Council of Policy, constitution of, 17 ; secretary of, 21.
Court of Justice, 17, 19; Secretary, 21.
Court of Landdrost, and Heemraden, 20.
Court of Matrimony, 17.
Courtrai, those who came from, 100.
Couteau, 64, 76.
coutteau, 80.

COUVAT, 57, 64.
COUVRET, 64, 84.

Craan, Revd., 27.

Cronier, or Crosnier, Cronje, 12, 47, 65, 69, 95, 117.

van Dalen, S3.

Dal Josaphat, French settle there, 24.

Dannel, 71.

Datis (see Dumont and des Pres).

Dauphine, those who came from, 98.

Dekker, 92.

Delpeeh, 52.

Delport (see de la Porte).

Dempers, glazier, 32.

Denmark, Refugees flee to, 45.

Desbordes, 93.

DES Pres, 9, 31, 46, 65, 66, 81, 82, 91, 118, 123.

DES Ruelles (see de Ruelle).

Dieppe, those who came from, 99.

Don/:, 95.

Donkerviiet, 10, 11.

Doornik (see Tournai).

Drakenstein, so named 1687, 12, 23 ; description of Colony at, 24 ;
state of, 26 ; separate congregation formed, 28 ; first con-
sistory' and church, 29 ; in 17 13, community totals 700, con-
dition of members, 30 ; condition of church, 30 ; new church
built, 31 ; sexton of church, at, 32 ; new organ, 32 ; new church
in 1805, 33 ; clergymen who officiated there, 33 ; dissension
amongst congregation, 34 ; in 1690 Refugees mostly living at, 35;
extract of baptisms in church, loi ; list of members of congre-
gation in 1 7 15, III : grants of land issued, 117.

1 64 Index.

Drakenstein, Groot, French settle there, 24.

Driebergen, 10, 11, 12.

Drouin, 12, 66, 117.

Dublin, Refugees find safety in, 45.

Du Bois, 71.

DU Buis, 46, 50, 62, 72, 117.

DU BuissoN, 46, 66.

DUMONT, 66.

DU Plessis, 7, 48, 62, 66, 67, 95.

DUPONT, 80.

DU Pr^ and du Preez (see des Pres).
DU Puis, du Puy or du Puys, 62, 67, 70, 78.
Durand, 47, 67, 68, 118.

DURIER, 67.

DU Seine, 57.

Dutch, emigrants, 4 ; services, 25 ; mixing with French, 12, 29, 36 ;
language in schools, 36 ; French obliged to speak, 39 ; feeling
between French and, 40.

Dutch East India Company, no scheme for colonization, i ; de-
cision to send out Refugees, I ; colonization of, 15 ; servants of,
16; administration at Cape, 17; look to farmers to supply
corn and cattle, 19 ; monopoly to compete with farmers, 20 ;
laws of observed, 22.

DU ToiT, 31, 38, 42, 46, 63, 70, 81, 83, 86, 91, 118, 123.

du tuillet, 12, 68, 1 1 8.

Van Eden, 83.

Edict of Nantes, i, 43.

Eekhoff, 75, 81.

Eelers, 86.

Embrum, those who came from, 98.

Emigration, to Cape, 2 ; thoughts on by D.E.I. C, 15, 16.

Engelbrecht, 94.

England, Refugees flee to, 43, 44, 45.

Erlagh, 10.

Facon, 67.

Farms, mostly held on loan, 20 ; granted to the Refugees, 117 et seq.

Faure, 94.

Ferne, 97.

Ferrier, 97.

Field Guard, appointed 1680, 21.

Fire, Board of Firemasters, 19.

Flanders, Cape refugees who came from, 100.

FoNTENAY, le Comte, those who came from, 99.

FoucHE, 7, 68, 73, 75, 80, 118.

Fourdinier, 50, 96.

FouRiK, 68, 1x8.

Fracass^, 59, 68, 118.

France, places of origin of refugees in, 98.

Francomme, 80.

French Hoek, French settle at, 12; farms at, 23 ; formerly Oliphants
Hoek, 24.

French Language, regulations and oath translated into, 2 ; laws pub-
lished in, 21 ; dying out of, 35 ei seq.; prohibition to have French
services, 36 ; letters to Government to be written in Dutch, 37 ;
referred to by travellers, 39 ; influence upon Dutch language, 42.

French Refugees, decision to send out to Cape, i ; object of sending
them, 2 ; to include Piedmontese, 2 ; regulations to guide them.

Index. 165

2 ; Cape advised of decision, 4 ; oath of allegiance, 3 ; instruc-
tions to supply their needs, 4 ; a party change their minds, 5 ;
ships and numbers that sailed, 7 ; exciting voyage of Schelde, 8 ;
Rev. Simond's arrival, 8 ; some Piedmontese and Vaudois
express desire to come out but change their minds, 10 ; fate of
those who sailed in Vosmaar, 11 ; arrangements for the new
arrivals, 12 ; French and Dutch intermingled, 12 ; subscription
raised, 13 ; preponderance of female Refugees over male, 16 ;
tenure of land given to, 20 ; map shewing extent of Colony in
1688, 21 ; settle along Berg river, 23 ; give French names to
their farms, 23 ; extent of settlement in 1700, 24 ; first parish
clerk, 24 ; request a schoolmaster, 24 ; number in 1723, 24 ;
French language not to be encouraged, 25 ; sick comforter
and schoolmaster for Dutch section appointed, 25 ; first church
arrangements, 27 ; wish to form a separate congregation, 27 ;
opposed by Cape but granted by XVII., 28 ; instructions to
intermingle Dutch and French, 29 ; first consistory, want of
church and parsonage felt, 29 ; condition of congregation,
30 ; new church built, 31 ; seating accommodation, 31 ; com-
munion service, sexton, new organ built, 32 ; new church built,
33 ; clergymen who officiated, 33 ; mixing of Dutch and French
35 ; dying out of French language, 35 ; number of refugees in
1690, 35 ; authorities hope that French will be assimilated into
Dutch nation, 36 ; prohibition to preach in French, 36 ; letters to
Government to be written in Dutch, 37 ; evidence of French
services held after order of 1701, 37 ; number who did not under-
stand Dutch in 1723, 38 ; what travellers have remarked re
Refugees, 39 ; feeling between French and Dutch, 40 ; the van der
Stel movement, 41; infiuence upon Dutch language, 42 ; position
in Europe when Refugees came out, Edict of Nantes, revoked,
43 ; places where Refugees sought safety, 44 ; comparison
between names of those wlao went to Great Britain and those who
came to Cape, 46 ; reconnatsance, 46 ; change in form and spelling
of names, 47 ; reference to special Refugees to Cape, 48 et seq.;
day book of Surgeon le Grand, 49 : agriculturists and vine
dressers, 50; the Tailleferts, 51; La Bats, 51; Guillaume
Chenut, 53 ; the Refugees as a community, 54 ; friendly letters
to Holland by the Governor, 53 ; van der Stel's opinion of them,
56 ; black sheep in every flock, 57 ; those who returned to
Europe, 57 ; signatures of some of the French Refugees, 58 ;
list of Refugees who came out between 1688 and 1700, 59 et seq.;
list of those who came before 1688 and after 1700, 91 ; names
of those who are no doubt of Huguenot origin and arrived after
1700, 93 ; French names in Company's service, 97 ; places of
origin in France and Flanders, 98 ; extract of baptisms in
Drakenstein church, loi ; list of members of the Drakenstein
congregation in 1715, iii ; grants of land at Drakenstein
issued before 1700, iii ; miscellaneous land grants, 122 ; map
shewing position of farms granted to French and Dutch settlers
up to 1700, 124 ; extracts from principal documents relating
to, 125 et seq.

Funeral, Service held in 1724 in French language, 38.

FURET, 68.

Gabrilla, 71.
Gard6, 65, 68, 118.
Gardiol, 67, 69, 118.
Gaucher, 42, 47, 50, 63, 70.

166 Index.

Gebhard, Revd., 35

Genel, 47.

Germany, Refugees in, 10, 44, 45.

GiLDENHUYS, 64, 88.

Godefroy, 70.

GOIRAUD, 70.
GOUDALLE, 84, 90.

GouRNAi, de Gournay, 9, 70, 78, 118.
Gous, Gouws (see Gaucher).
GOUTIER, 84.

Grenoble, those who came from, 98.

DE GrEVENBROEK, 90.

Grillion, 70, 76.

DE GrOOT, 25, 92.

Gros, 70.
GROvic, 79, 96.

GUILLIAUM^, 94.

DE Haas, 67.

DE HaASE, 75.

Hanseres, or Hanseret, 71, 123.

Harting, 82.

Hauman, 88.

Heemraden, estabUshed 1682, 18 ; Secretary of Court of, 20 ; cases

before, 21 ; place in church for wives of, 31.
Holland, laws of observed, 22 ; Refugees flee to, 4, 45.
HucEBos, Hucibos, Huibaux (see Huibeaux).
HuDEL, 52.

Hugo, Hugod, Hugot, 50, 71, 83, 93, 118, 123.
Huibeaux, 67, 89, 95.

Imbert, 71, 118.

Ireland, Refugees flee to, 45.

Isle de France, Refugees who came from, 98.

IsNARD, 95.

Jacob, or Jacobse, 62, 71, 72, 88, 119, 123.

DE JeUGD, II.

Jordaan (see Jourdan).

JoRDiN, 51, 87.

Joseph, 71.

Joubert, 24, 71, 72, 76, 118, 124.

DE JoucouRT, Revd., 76, 87.

Jourdan, 24, 46, 68, 72, 73, 78, 80, 83, 94, 118, 122.

Justice, administration of at Cape, 17 ; (see also Court of Justice).

KiNA, 86.

DE Klerk (see de Clercq).

KooL, 75.

Krygsman. 96.

La Bat, La Batte, 52, 73, 74.

DE Labuscagne, 124.

DE LA Caille, Abbe, 39.

LA CosTK, those who came from, 99.

DE LA Fontaine, 97.

LA Grange (see le Grange).

DE LA Haye, 80.

LA MoRiN (see Lomarin).

Index. 167

LA MORV, 71.

LA MoTTE, ChalanQon, those who came from, gS.

LA MoTTE d'Aigues, those who came from, 99.

Lamy, 97.

Land, measure of, 12 ; held by Company's servants, 16 ; tenure at
Cape, 20 ; disputes re, 21 ; tithes and transfer paid on, 21 ;
grants of land at Drakenstein issued before 1700, 117; mis-
cellaneous land grants, 122.

Landdrost, appointed 1685, 18; Secretary of Court of Landdrost
and Heemraden, 21 ; Drakenstein under jurisdiction of, 24.

Language, publications in Dutch and French, 21 ; dying out ol, 35
et seq. See also French language and Dutch.

Languedoc, those who came from, 98.

DE Lanoy, 38, 71, 74, 119.

DE la Porte, 47, 50, 74.

La Rochelle, those who came from, 98.

DE LA Rogue, 72.

LA Tatte, 74.

Laurent, 52, 73.

Lauret, 74.

Laws of Cape, 21 ; how published, 22.

LE Bleu, 75, 81.

LE Bouco, Revd., 25, 30.

Lecheret, 74.

LE Clair, 70.

LE Clercq, 50, 70 (see also de Clercq).

LECRt^VENT, 74, 119.

LE Febre, 38, 46, 61, 65, 74, 75, 80, 82, 88, 91, 92, 124.

LE FeBURE, 46, 48, 51, 74.

LE Fevre, 75, 81.

Legeret, (see Lecheret).

LE Grand, 49, 75.

LE Grange, 75, 122.

Leguat, Remarks about Refugees, 39, 52.

LE Henriette, 78.

Lekkerwyn (see Lecrevent).

LE Long, 9, 72, 75, 76, 91, 119.

LE Page, 48.

LE RiCHE, 12, 75, 119.

LE ROI, 47.

LE ROY, 78.

LE ROUX, 7,46, 75, 82, 119, 122.

LE Sage, 95.
Leseret (see Lecheret).
LE Sueur, 33.
Levett, 97.

LlENNARD, 80.

Lille (see Ryssel).

LiSBURN, Refugees find safety in, 45.

LoMARiN, those who came from, 99.

Lombard, 62, 76, 119.

Loret, 76.

de lormel, 97.

Louw, 67, 94.

Luttig, 32.

Madan, 76.
Maetsuyker, 15.
Magnet, 76.

168 Index.

Malan, 38, 46, 76, 84, 119.

VAN MaLCHEER, 59.

Malherbe, 7, 38, 66, 76, 119.

Malines, those who came from, 100.

Manier, Manie, Manje, 60, 77, 119.

Mantior, 77.

Marais, 7, 29, 31, 59, 77, 79, 88, 119.

VAN Marcevene (see van Marseveen).

Marchand, 10.

Marcq, those who came from, 99.

Mar6, Marees, 77, 122.

Margra, 92, 124.

VAN Marseveen, 64, 65, 67, 82.

Marthe, 72, 73, 78.

Martin, 9, 70, 78, 81.

Martineau, 78.

Martinet, 63, 78.

Matrimonial Courts, 17.

Maxwell, 61.

Mazeres, those who came from, 98.

Mechelen (see Monsnay).

Medical, surgeons who came out, 48 et seq. ; day book of Surgeon

le Grand, 49.
Meerbrakel, those who came from, 100.
Melet, 87.
Menanto, 48, 66, 78.

Menars la Ville, those who came from, 99.
Mercier, French Minister in London, 35.

VAN DER MeRWE, 82.

Mesnard, 38, 42, 47, 59, 78, 79.

Meyer, 29, 31, 58, 64, 78, 119, 122.

MiCHiELS, 79.

Midwives, how appointed at Cape, 48.

MiGAULT, 37, 45, 95.

Military, Burghers to do mihtary duty, 20.

MiLLE, 59.

MiNNAAR (see Mesnard).

MoECROON, those who came from, 100.

MOERKERKE, 9.

MoNS, those who came from, loo.
MoNSNAY, those who came from, loo.
MoREL, 97.

MOULLES, 46.

MOUTON, 61, 63, 78,; 124.

MouY, 75, 78, 79, 82, 124.
Mysal, 79.

Names, change in form and speUing of, 47.

Nantes, those who came from, 98.

Naudi?:, 38, 45, 95.

Nel, Niel, 24, 38, 47, 74, 77, 79, 95. 96, 120, 124,

VAN Niekerk, 88.

NiMES, those who came from, 98.

NoGENTAL. entries of baptisms in Reformed Church at, 48.

Normandy, those who came from, 99.

Norwich, 35. 43.

NouRTiER, Nortier, Nortje, 42, 50, 79, 80, 120.

Nuremberg, 10.

Index. 169

Oath of allegiance taken by Refugees, 3.

Olives, planting of, 2, 45.

Olivier, 97.

Oosterlandt, 7.

Orange, those who came from, 99.

Orleannais, 99.

Orleans, those who came from, 99.

Otte, 97.

OviNGTON, Revd., remarks on Refugees, 39.

Paarl, township of, 24; see also Drakenstein.

Paillon, 52.

Pain, 52.

Paris, those who came from, 98.

Parisel, 80, 120.

Pasman, 92.

Paste, 80.

Pelanchon, 73, 80.

Petel, 87.

DE Perrone, 80.

Perrotit, 80.

PiCARDY, those who came from, 99.

Piedmontese, 2, 8, 10.

Pienaar, Pinard, 7, 50, 80, 120.

PoGEAU (see Posseaux).

POIGNER, 97.

Pointaix, those who came from, 98.

Poitiers, those who came from, 99.

Poitou, 99.

Posseaux, 60, 61, 81.

Potier, Potje, 81, 124.

DE Potter, 93.

PouissEON, 95, 122, 124.

PouvoiR, 81.

Pr£vot, 9, 64, 65, 81, 82, 124.

Provence, those who came from, 99.

Provo, Provost, Pruvost (see Prevot).

Radyn, 94.
Rattlewatch, 18.
Reconnaisance, entries of, 46.
Ree, 59.

VAN REEDE, 12, 17.

Regulations, drawn up to guide refugees, 2.

VAN Renan (see Drouin).

Rkn6, Resine, 82.

Retief, Retif, 78, 82, 83, 120, 124.

Revenue, 21.

Richard, 72, 82.

VAN RiEBEECK, 26.

van der Riet, 87.

Rochefort, 61, 82, 124.

Roi, 65, 82, 120 (see also Roy).

Rosier, 82.

RossAux (see Rousseau).

Rossouw, 68.

Rouen, those who came from, 99.

ROULIN, 87.

RoussE, 82.

170 Index.

Rousseau, 29, 31, 64, 71, 77, 78, 83, 93, 120. 124.

rousselet, 96.

Roux, 24, 26, 31, 38, 83, 84, 120.

Roy, 59.

de ruelle, 28, 62, 67, 77, 84.

DE Ryck (see le Riche).

Ryssel, those who came from, 100.

Sabatier, 57, 85.

DE Sainne, 80.

St. Amant, those who came from, 100.

St. Jean, 6.

DE St. Jean, 50, 96.

St. Omer, those who came from, 100.

Saintonge, those who came from, 99.

Saumur, those who came from, 98.

DE Savoye, 7, 28, 50, 57, 62, 63, 79, 85, 86, 120.

Schelde, 7, 9.

Schielandt, 10.

Schools, first schoolm.aster, 24 ; Dutch schoolmaster, 25 ; instruc-
tions, re, 29 ; High School at the Cape, 34 ; use of Dutch in, 36.

Sedan, those who came from, 98.

Selingue, 80.

Sellier (see CelUer).

Senegal, Senechal, Senekal, Seneschal, 31, 47, 67, 86, 120.

Senet, 86.

Serrurier, 33, 45, 96.

Seugnet, Seugnete, 84, gi.

Sexton, duties and emoluments, 32.

Sezille, 75.

Ships that brought out Refugees : Berg China, Borssenbur^, Voor-
schooten, Oosterlandt, Schelde, Zuid Beveland. 't Wapen van
Alkmaar, Zion, Vosmaar, Westhoven, Donkeruliet, Driebergen.

SiMOND, Rev. P., 8, 9, 12, 28, 29, 33, 86, 120.

SiMOND, Rev. F., 50.

Simondium, 8.

Six, 80.

Slicker, Revd., 34.

Snith, 48, 62.

Snyman, 51, 86.

VAN Soetermeer, 6o.

SOLLIER, 50, 87, 122.

Soudiere, those who came from, 98,

SOUTER, 97.

South Carolina, refugees sent to, 46.

Statutes of Batavia, observed at Cape, 22.

Steenwerck, those who came from, 100.

Van der Stel, Simon, Commander, informed that Refugees are
being sent to Cape, 4 ; how he received the French deputa-
tion, 27 ; instructions re mixing of French and Dutch settlers,
29, 35 ; writes to Holland in friendly strain about French, 55 ;
changed opinion, hoped to keep Cape a Dutch settlement, 56 ;
instructions to his son, 56.

Van der Stel, Willem Adriaan, Governor, " troubles " of, 20 ;
movement against, 41 ; opinion of the Refugees, 56.

Stellenbosch, some Refugees settled at, 12 ; founded 1687, 17 ;
Colony of, 24 ; Refugees do not wish to form part of congregation,
27 ; schools and schoolmasters, 29 ; services at, 35 ; farms and
lands issued in, 122.

Subscription raised for Refugees, 13.

Index. 171

Switzerland, 44.

Taboureux, 77, 85, 87.

Taillefert, 7, 31, 48, 51, 65, 68, 74, 77, 87, 88, 89, 121.

Tas, 41.

Terreblanche, Terblanche, Terblans, 42, 47, 88.

Terrier, 72, 88.

Theron, Therond, 31, 34, 58, 65, 77, 89, 121, 124.

Thibault, Capt. L. M., 32

Timmendorf, 96.

Toulon, those who came from, 99.

TouRNAi, those who came from, 100.

Trade controlled by Company, 19.

Traipain, 52.

Transfer Duty, 21. «

Troullat, 97.

UzES, those who came from, 98.

Valentyn, Revd. F., description of church, 30.

Vallkte, 65, 89.

Vaudoisen, some offer to go to Cape, 10.

Verdeau, 73, 89.

Verdette, 76, 89.

Vermeulen, 66.

Veron, 92, 121.

ViELLE Eglises, tliose who came from, 99.

de Viffe, 81.

de Villiers, 10, 25, 28, 29, 31, 42, 46, 47, 49, 51, 69, 78, 89, 94, 95, 121.

Villion, Viljoen, 51, 65, 92, 124.

Vinedressers, 50.

Vinegar, those sent out who could make, 2.

Vines, planting of, 2, 46.

ViRET, 9, 90.

ViTOUT, Vitu, 74, 79, 90.

ViviER, or Viviers, 47, 52, 58, 90, 121, 122.

Vooleser, first appointment, 24.

Voorschooten, 7.

De Vos, 71.

Vosmaar, 10, 11.

Voyage taken two centuries ago, 6.

van Vuuren, 72, 77.

Waerand, 71.

Waldenses, some offer to go to Cape, 10.

't Wapen van Alkmaar, 7, 9, 10.

Water disputes, 21.

Wavrant (see Waerand).

Weeweeje (see Vivier).

Wellington, refugees settle near present town of, 24.

Westhoven. 10, 11.

Van der Wey, 61.

Wiebeaux (see Huibeaux).

Willems, 83.

VAN Wyk, 75.

Wylant, 26.

VAN ZijL, 29, 66.

Zion, 10.

Zviid Beveland, 7, 9.

Printed by the cape times limited, Cape Town.

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